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Global migration has vastly increased, become more diverse and challenging the territorial, cultural and conceptual boundaries. This course explores the changing face, dilemmas and opportunities of migration in both receiving and sending states, emphasizing the political aspects of migration. The geographical and temporal focus may vary according to the instructor. The course examines why people move, the politics and policies of border control in the developed receiving states (e.g., USA, Canada, Western Europe) and how domestic and/or interstate developments such as European integration have changed the nature of migration policymaking. It addresses questions of immigrant integration and diversity and studies the benefits and challenges to receiving states. Special topics include emigration and development, remittances, brain drain, the role of sending state policies on state and identity formation and an analysis of the Turkish case as an example of a state facing the challenges of both emigration and immigration. | <urn:uuid:31b73143-6083-4cc3-a427-01cbedd3186c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cult.sabanciuniv.edu/course-catalog/graduate/course/ES-554 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.931922 | 178 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Describe the theory of the exchange-rate channel of the monetary transmission mechanism. How, through the exchange rate, does an interest rate increase influence output? Why is this link difficult to find in practice?
Answer to relevant QuestionsThe government is heavily involved in the financial system. Explain why.To begin using FRED, plot the consumer price index (FRED code: CPIAUCSL) and find the date and level of the latest observation. Then plot the inflation rate measured as the percent change from a year ago of this index.Many economists have argued that Japan’s economic problems during the 1990s were caused largely by bank failures and the failure of the Japanese government to clean up the banking system. Explain how a collapse of the ...Use the aggregate demand-aggregate supply framework to show how a boom in equity prices might affect inflation and output in the short run. Describe the long-run impact on inflation and output: (a) If the central bank ...Compare the impact of a given change in monetary policy in two economies that are similar in every way except that, in Economy A, the financial system has a large shadow banking system providing many alternatives to bank ...
Post your question | <urn:uuid:ec0fdb9f-f565-450a-bcdb-f8f93dc03265> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.solutioninn.com/describe-the-theory-of-the-exchangerate-channel-of-the-monetary | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00359-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.933748 | 244 | 3.453125 | 3 |
Growth in Norwegian domain names
This page provides information about the number of new domain names registered under .no. It also shows the proportion of domain names that are renewed from year to year.
The number of new domain names registered has grown right from the start. There have been variances related to particular events. In addition, there are random variations from month to month.
In a logarithmic plot, a straight line corresponds to exponential growth. Some segments of the grey trend line are approximately straight. In the periods represented by these segments, the number of new registrations has doubled in a fixed length of time.
Before 1994 the growth in new registrations was irregular, overall doubling every second or third year. During the period 1994–1997 the growth was much greater, doubling within about half a year. Since this, the growth has gradually decreased from doubling every second year to an insigificant growth today. The cause of the higher growth rate during the period 1994–1997 is unknown.
In four cases, the monthly number of registrations is considerably higher than the trend line. Although substantial, these exceptions do not influence the general trend. They can be linked to specific events:
- In 1991–1992 all the state university colleges in Norway were connected to the Internet and given domain names. This had a noticeable impact because the total number of domain names at that time was low.
- In February 2001, substantial changes were made in the domain name policy. Each holder could now register more than one domain name, and no longer needed to document its rights to the name.
- In February 2004, it became possible to register domain names with national characters (æ,øø, å and 20 other characters).
- In June 2014 private individuals were allowed to register domain names directly under .no.
Norwegian domain name holders is required to renew the domain name actively every year. The number of domain name renewals provides an indication of the stability of the namespace in the .no domain. If a domain is not renewed, warnings are sent to the domain name holder. The domain is only deleted if the holder does not renew it after receipt of the warnings. It thus takes a couple of months before the renewal rate for a given month is finalized and can be used in the statistics below.
2015-10 - 2016-09:
At the last comparison with other top level domains (in 2009) the proportion of domain names that were renewed under .no was high in relation to top level domains with which it is natural to compare. This shows that Norwegian domain names are more likely to be registered with a view to long-term use.
The higher renewal rates are probably an effect of three factors:
- Due partly to the restrictive domain name policy we had previously, a relatively large number of users had time to procure good domain names for themselves, which they wished to keep in the long term.
- Enterprises register domain names linked to products and businesses with a long lifetime. Until June 2014 only enterprises could register domain names directly under .no, which is a reason that Norwegian domain names have been more likely to be registered with a view to long-term use.
- The fact that each holder may register only a limited amount of domain names also contributes to high renewal rates. While only a few domain name holders have used up their quota, the fact that there is a limit still seems to have an effect on the pattern of use.
The high renewal rates mean that the .no domain has a stable namespace, so that users can expect URLs and email addresses to function in the long term. | <urn:uuid:240598eb-b61f-4da3-a4a8-6285188c9b76> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.norid.no/en/statistikk/vekst/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00191-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95559 | 730 | 1.734375 | 2 |
The eight Pacific island members of the Parties to the Nauru Agreement (PNA) control waters where over 50 percent of the world’s skipjack tuna is caught (skipjack is the most commonly canned species of tuna). For many of these countries, tuna is their most valuable economic resource. Their return from this resource has increased significantly in recent years as a result of the vessel day scheme.
Matthew Dornan spoke over the phone with Dr Transform Aqorau, the CEO of the PNA Office based in Majuro, Marshall Islands, to discuss the vessel day scheme, the Pacific Islands Forum’s Fisheries Roadmap, and efforts by Pacific island countries to move up the value chain.
Matt: Transform, could you begin by telling our readers, the majority of whom don’t work in the fisheries sector, about the Parties to the Nauru Agreement and the vessel day scheme?
Transform: The Nauru Agreement is between eight Pacific island countries and dates back to 1982. It was effectively aimed at maximising returns for those countries from the skipjack tuna industry, which is the most economically significant tuna species. In the Pacific, the bulk of fishing is done by fleets that are owned and flagged to countries outside of the region – what are commonly called ‘distant water fishing nations’. At the time the Nauru Agreement was reached, Japan was the most important such player in the region. It had played these Pacific island countries off against one another in order to extract low licensing fees (the fees that distant water fishing nations pay to Pacific island countries to fish in their waters). The Nauru Agreement sought to address that imbalance in power by enabling Pacific island countries to come together.
The Parties to the Nauru Agreement are simply the countries that are signatories to that agreement: the Federated States of Micronesia, Palau, Marshall Islands, Tuvalu, Kiribati, Nauru, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea.
If you look at the total catch of the PNA member countries plus Tokelau, which participates in the vessel day scheme, it makes up about 95 per cent of the total catch of all Pacific island countries.
I guess the experience of the PNA group is now largely shaped by the vessel day scheme, which has generated increased economic returns, particularly in the last six years (licensing revenue accruing to PNA members under the vessel day scheme increased from $64m USD in 2010 to $357m USD in 2015).
The strengthening of securities rights under the scheme has also improved flexibility and improved transferability for vessel operators. And it has enhanced one of the underpinning strategic goals and visions of this particular group: self-reliance. So what we’ve seen in the last six years is an increase in the returns that countries have received, driven by a sense of self-reliance. It is really transforming in many ways.
In the PNA, we also work towards having a reduced role for the secretariat, which is now based in Marshall Islands (having previously being located in the Forum Fisheries Agency). So instead of trying to build up the secretariat, we actually decentralise a lot of the roles, responsibilities and functions. Because as rights holders, really the power should remain with the countries that own the fisheries resources: it should not be taken away and invested in some regional agency.
We also work to reduce our dependency on donors, and to that extent, we have very little donor support. The office itself is totally self-funded. So we don’t have any reliance on donors, unlike other regional secretariats that operate in the region.
On the vessel day scheme itself, it is a cap and trade instrument under which a total allowable effort is set in terms of the number of days that vessels can fish in the region. And then each year we meet and there is a formula that’s used to divide up the total allowable fishing effort between the eight member states. The allocation is known as the ‘party allowable effort’.
Matt: I understand that part of the increase in the revenues to which you refer are the result of a greater fishing effort, and associated with that, increases in the total catch among the PNA member states. So I wanted to ask you, to what extent is that sustainable?
Transform: I’d like to correct some of that because I think that’s some of the misinformation that’s going around about the increase in the catches in the PNA.
The increase in revenue has been largely driven by demand for the days, because the days are now a valuable commodity. The minimum benchmark has been set at $8,000 a day (the price paid for one vessel to fish for one day in PNA waters), but the actual value of the days has been much more than that. Vessel day scheme day prices are now on average around $11,000 to $12,000 a day, and that is likely to increase, despite falling tuna prices, given the growth of the domestic fleet of PNA members and reductions in the number of days available for foreign fishing fleets.
In terms of catches, yes, there have been increasing catches overall in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean, but that includes catches in the high seas (areas over which no country has sovereignty) and catches in non-PNA waters (such as in the waters of Indonesia, the Philippines, and the Cook Islands, a non-PNA member). We’ve seen catches relatively stable in the PNA region, except for in 2014.
And so the misinformation that people have that the PNA is responsible for the increase in catches and increase in effort is not actually true because you need to look at the whole picture in the Western and Central Pacific, not just the PNA waters.
On the question of whether it is sustainable, we have it on record that skipjack tuna, which is our primary resource, is very healthy. There’s no issue at all with regards to the biological health of skipjack tuna. I think from what the scientists say, it is capable of sustaining—supporting increased efforts—and so there is no issue at all about fishing for skipjack.
[The problem is] when you’re fishing for skipjack and using the fish aggregating devices, which tend to take juvenile bigeye tuna, which is the top species of tuna that is overfished. There are serious issues surrounding bigeye tuna, and unfortunately, those countries (such as Japan) who are most affected by bigeye tuna and whose vessels fish for bigeye tuna, [they are] the ones who have been the least interested in ensuring its sustainability.
Matt: My next question is about the Roadmap for Sustainable Pacific Fisheries agreed at the Forum Leaders’ meeting in Port Moresby last year. Under that roadmap, I understand that a quota-based system is being advocated. Do you support that move away from an effort-based system, such as the vessel day scheme, to a quota-based system based on actual catch volumes?
Transform: If I could just premise my response by saying this. If we look at the revenues that have been generated from the vessel day scheme, in 2010, it was about 60 million. And six years later, it’s about 400 million. And this is largely driven by the vessel day scheme.
Now, my response to critics of the vessel day scheme is this: show me another system where you have been able to generate the kind of revenue we’ve been able to generate in the last six years.
The FAO has said that transferable effort shares are a weaker form of rights than catches. But they’ve also cautioned that from a population dynamics perspective, an effort-based approach tends to be favoured because it’s easier for you to cut back on the effort than it is to cut back on the catch when you need to, and it’s more complex when you try to do it in a multi-lateral context.
There’s no perfect system out there, but for me, I’m just disappointed that there’s been criticism of the vessel day scheme, which has delivered so much, and which is an initiative of the island countries themselves.
But, we’re participating in the process [the Roadmap], the task force that’s put together by the leaders. Because that’s what the leaders want.
Matt: Pacific island leaders have spoken repeatedly about the need to be more involved in the processing of fish, in other words, to move up the value chain in the tuna fisheries industry.
We see that’s already happening in countries like PNG with a new processing area in Madang. Do you think there’s potential for smaller countries to also be involved in processing? Countries like Kiribati or Tuvalu, or Marshall Islands, countries which don’t have those economies of scale that are present in PNG?
Transform: What we’ve seen is that the vessel day scheme has also contributed to those developments. So in PNG, they use the vessel day scheme to develop processing. Countries now have more choices. They’re really thinking seriously about whether they can use the vessel day scheme to support processing, and whether they will get more money by processing the catch.
Now we’ve moved away from that, within the PNA, because we have tried it. When we first started, we talked about cross-border investment. We talked about processing hubs. We talked about contract processing. But look, it becomes more complex and more difficult for countries to do these things as a group. It’s really up to individual countries, whether or not they want to do that. If a country wants to do it, then by all means they can and they should do it. But we can’t force that. We can’t force industries to relocate and start processing. As I said, it just becomes increasingly difficult for countries to implement as a group.
There are also costs in terms of licensing revenue. And that applies with local crewing requirements as well – something I know you’ve written about, Matt.
We’ve been saying we need to participate in the value chain, but I don’t think you can do that as a collective group. What I’m seeing now on the ground is that countries will work well together in defining their rights, and they can use their rights in whatever way they wish. It’s not for anyone else to tell them how they do it.
More broadly, I think the innovations that you’re going to see, Matt, are not so much in terms of processing, but maybe using their days and working with the brands as part of the value chain. I think that’s what you’ll possibly see in the future.
Matthew Dornan is the Deputy Director of the Development Policy Centre. Transform Aqorau is the CEO of the Parties to the Nauru Agreement Office. | <urn:uuid:27c04630-5148-4916-8bab-68d9cf1e2efb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://devpolicy.org/pacific-tuna-fisheries-an-interview-with-dr-transform-aqorau-20160301/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00216-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959825 | 2,286 | 1.960938 | 2 |
Joining Forces Wales
Producing the finest safety equipment for climbers demands continuous product improvement to ensure optimum design, materials and manufacturing techniques.
North Wales based climbing equipment manufacturer DMM produces the innovative and highly acclaimed Deadman. The main section of this lightweight snow protection device is made from aluminium alloy, Fig.1.
Fig.1. The DMM 'Deadman' aluminium alloy snow protection device. Finite Element Analysis, provided under the Joining Forces Wales programme, has enabled the company to proceed with confidence in the design of its carbon fibre composite version.
Driven by the desire to further reduce the weight of the Deadman - whilst maintaining or enhancing its excellent functionality, strength and durability - the company decided to explore the use of carbon fibre composite instead of aluminium alloy.
With the strength requirements of the Deadman clearly defined, DMM were determined to meet these with the lightest possible composite material. They achieved this goal through technical support from TWI's Joining Forces Wales technology transfer programme, which established how the strength of the Deadman would be affected by the thickness of the composite material as well as the way in which the material was made.
R&D work at TWI involved Finite Element Analysis (FEA). This computer-based method is widely used in engineering to study the effects of impact, vibration and thermal or static loads on components and structures. It can simulate and predict stresses, deformation, temperatures and other important parameters to achieve an understanding of strength and in-service performance.
FEA showed the stresses within the Deadman and predicted its strength in relation to the composite's lay-up, i.e. fibre type and orientation and number of plies (layers) in the composite, including specially positioned reinforcement; Fig.2.
Fig.2. Finite Element Analysis of carbon fibre composite version of the 'Deadman' snow protection device
Benchmark case. This case simulates a rupture test carried out by DMM on a prototype. The load at rupture was 3.8kN against a target of 6.1kN. The maximum stress calculated for this load is then set as a critical level that must not be reached.
Optimisation. By adding strips of material in the highly stressed region, the stress obtained at the target load of 6.1kN is kept below the maximum level determined in the benchmark case.
FEA enabled optimisation of the lay-up to provide the most favourable distribution of stresses and best strength-to-weight performance. This work has allowed DMM to proceed safe in the knowledge that the design of their new carbon fibre Deadman exceeds the standard of excellence demanded by the company.
For more information, please contact us.
Joining Forces Wales is part-financed by the Welsh Assembly Government | <urn:uuid:eb8b2a3c-b54e-4109-a874-8b797c60b3ab> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.twi-global.com/media-and-events/insights/fea-aids-design-of-climbers-snow-safety-device-086 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.914291 | 570 | 2.453125 | 2 |
4 studies found for: "critical congenital heart disease" OR "critical congenital heart defects"
Newborn Screening for Critical Congenital Heart Disease
Critical Congenital Heart Defect (CHD) Outcomes in Children
The Impact of Implementing a Universal Newborn Screening for Critical Congenital Heart Disease
Pulse Oximeter Screening in Congenital Heart Disease
† Study has passed its completion date and status has not been verified in more than two years. | <urn:uuid:54abe146-5fdc-4ecd-8965-b60d2a44fac5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?cond=%22critical+congenital+heart+disease%22+OR+%22critical+congenital+heart+defects%22 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280763.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00512-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.773278 | 100 | 1.640625 | 2 |
From across the ages and continents, Chinese poet Li Po is still inspiring. What a delightful surprise to find him on p. 26 of W.S. Merwin’s penultimate collection, Garden Time.
When reading poetry collections, you live for these moments. No collection is filled to the gunwales with wonders, but good ones hit you with a few along the way — about all you can ask from a full book of poetry.
Merwin’s homage to Li Po is one of those good poems. At least its smallness spoke to me in a big way. Sure, I’m a sucker for poems about time, the enduring and the fleeting, and this one touches all those buttons, but still… in only nine lines! Whew!
Take a look-see yourself. Whether a fan of Li Po’s or Merwin’s, you’ll enjoy, I’m sure:
“River” by W.S. Merwin
Li Po the little boat is gone
that carried you ten thousand li
downstream past the gibbons calling
all the way from both banks and they
too are gone and the forests they
were calling from and you are gone
and every sound you heard is gone
now there is only the river
that was always on its own way
Sometimes personification, the little stepchild of figurative language, can work in unexpected and subtle ways. This would be one of those times. Catch my drift? | <urn:uuid:86c38637-0508-4f36-b0a5-031e971f50d6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kencraftauthor.com/li-pos-little-boat-redux/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.939444 | 313 | 1.890625 | 2 |
RDM-stars as sources of fast radio bursts.
In this work we consider a recently formulated model of a black hole coupled with radially directed flows of dark matter (RDM-star). In this model, a cutoff by quantum gravity (QG) creates a core of Planck density, filled with a gas of Planck mass particles, inside the star.
Further, in this model, a fast radio burst (FRB) can be generated via the following mechanism. An object of an asteroid mass falls onto an RDM-star. Due to large gravitational forces available in the interior, the RDM-star works as a powerful accelerator, boosting the nucleons composing the object to extremely high energies. Upon collision with the core, the nucleons enter in deeply inelastic reactions with the Planck particles composing the core. This process is followed by stimulated emission of highly energetic photons. On the way outside, these photons are subjected to a strong redshift factor, downscaling their frequencies to the radio diapason, as a result producing an FRB.
A straightforward computation gives a characteristic upper FRB frequency of 0.6GHz. With attenuation factors, it is stretched to a range 0.35-8GHz, fitting well with the observable FRB frequencies. We also discuss the reconstruction of other FRB parameters in frames of the model.
Publisher URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1812.11801
Keeping up-to-date with research can feel impossible, with papers being published faster than you'll ever be able to read them. That's where Researcher comes in: we're simplifying discovery and making important discussions happen. With over 19,000 sources, including peer-reviewed journals, preprints, blogs, universities, podcasts and Live events across 10 research areas, you'll never miss what's important to you. It's like social media, but better. Oh, and we should mention - it's free.
Researcher displays publicly available abstracts and doesn’t host any full article content. If the content is open access, we will direct clicks from the abstracts to the publisher website and display the PDF copy on our platform. Clicks to view the full text will be directed to the publisher website, where only users with subscriptions or access through their institution are able to view the full article. | <urn:uuid:1c0cf6a1-12d2-4fb8-9d50-15a5aa16010b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.researcher-app.com/paper/1951131 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.918682 | 498 | 2.21875 | 2 |
President launches operations at new Kerawalapitiya Power Plant
Sri Lanka President Combined Cycle Thermal Power Plant today adding another 100 mega watts of power to the national grid. The first phase of the project added 200 mega watts of power to the national grid. The combined capacity of the facility will now provide 300 mw of electricity to the national grid. The Kerawalapitiya Power Plant constructed in a suburb of capital Colombo was completed within two years. It was built by a local company at a cost of USD 309 million.
The power generation at the Kerawalapitiya Power Plant is by a combined cycle system fueled by natural gas and costs much less than the average thermal power plants that burn large quantities of oil for power generation.
The project is one of President Rajapaksa’s important goals under the Mahinda Chinthana to make the country energy-sufficient in the future.
Electricity demand in Sri Lanka is growing at 8% annually and the Ceylon Electricity Board hopes to meet this demand with the assistance of the Kerawalapitiya Power Plant.
Power and Energy Minister John Seneviratne, Fisheries Minster Felix Perera, Senior Advisor to the President Basil Rajapaksa, Minister Sarath Gunarathna, Secretary to the Ministry of Power and Energy M.M.C. Fernandez also participated in the occasion. | <urn:uuid:569596a8-a9da-4388-87a5-6232cc0cde72> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://lankadailynews.com/2010/02/president-launches-operations-at-new-kerawalapitiya-power-plant/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00245-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.92972 | 285 | 2.0625 | 2 |
School Psychology M.Ed./Ed.S.
The school psychology program at Georgia State University is recognized by the National Association of School Psychologists (NASP) as demonstrating a commitment to diversity issues through the recruitment and retention of students from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, multicultural curricular emphasis, faculty members involved in multicultural research and outreach, and participation in related research and training grants.
- School Psychology Program Receives $1,025,000.00 Grant for MINRS Project!
- School Psychologist Ranked #1 in best social services jobs!
- Application Materials Required by Master of Education and Education Specialist Programs
- School Psychology Masters of Education Handbook 2016-2017
- School Psychology Video FAQs
- NASP Resources - Programs With a Focus on Multiculturalism and/or Bilingualism
- Two Year Projected Course Offerings
- EdS Residency Form
- NPR's "A Silent Epidemic"
Course description and classes
|Catherine Perkins, Ph.D. | <urn:uuid:4a8a9cce-f3b7-4b26-9e73-049858a65471> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://cps.education.gsu.edu/programs/school-psychology/school-psychology-master-of-educationspecialist-in-education-program/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00254-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.854348 | 206 | 1.742188 | 2 |
of the Pandemic
Thank You for your interest in our study and visiting our website. This study explores children’s perspectives, views and experiences of the pandemic through their voice. Children express themselves, share their thoughts and emotions through art and play. This study will collect children’s art through pictures and stories submitted on a website dedicated to the project with demographic information and words, stories or thoughts associated with the art work for Dr. Nikki Martyn and her team to explore the impact of the pandemic through the children’s expression of their experiences during this unique time. Once collected patterns and themes will be explored in the art work to understand the children’s experience through the pandemic. It is the researchers hope that the information collected will help our society understand the experiences of children during this time. What occurs during childhood affects the individual children throughout there lives as well as the course of history, generations are shaped by the people who live through events at the same time and developmental stage.
If your child and yourself are interested in participating or would like more information on the study (which has received ethics approval through the University of Guelph (20-05-018)). Please click on the Research tab in the toolbar at the top of this page. This will bring you to a video for children to understand the study as well as express their desire to share their art work. For the Parent, tab will provide you further detailed information and consent to allow your child to participate. Once you consent you will be invited to share your child's art work, words or stories as well as demographic information so we understand a little about the beautiful art your child is sharing.
The art work does not need to be specially created for this project, doodles, scribbles or drawings your children have completed during the time of the pandemic are all welcome. We are not concerned about being able to understand or see what is in the visual art work or it needing to look a particular way. Your child's name or information will not be collected for the study, it will be confidential and only your family will know the drawing is yours if you choose to have it displayed in the virtual gallery on this site. We would like to see any art work your child (from 2 years to 18 years old) would like to share with us, the content or style does not matter to us. Your child is also welcome to share their art work as frequently as they choose anytime they would like. If you or your child would like some inspiration we have shared some questions below. The only thing that matters to us is the expression of your child's voice.
We will be providing updates about the project on the website, please come back and visit us.
Thank you for your interest in this project,
The following questions are for inspiration for your art work, it is not required you answer one of these questions you are welcome to submit any art work you would like to share.
What does the world look or feel like today?
What does your family look or feel like?
What do your friendship look or feel like?
What does your school look or feel like lately?
What would you want for the world or your family or your friends or teachers?
How would you draw the pandemic?
What does the pandemic feel like?
Questions exploring your ideas of the future after the pandemic:
What would you like to change after the pandemic?
How do you imagine the future?
What would the world look or feel like in 5-10 years?
What would the world look like when you are an adult?
What would you want to see, experience or have?
What is important for you after the pandemic?
What would your family look or feel like in the future?
What would your school look or feel like in the future?
What would you look or feel like in the future? | <urn:uuid:5c529990-8827-4447-a446-eee07434ee3c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.childart.ca/home | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.969023 | 816 | 2.4375 | 2 |
Though the catchments of the lakes have received more rainfall than last year, the municipal corporation says it’s too early to withdraw the water cuts.
While residential users are facing a 15 per cent water cut, commercial users are facing a 30 per cent cut.
There has been on an average 300 mm of rainfall in all the six lakes that supply water to Mumbai — the highest being in Vihar at 1,019 mm.
In June 2009, the lakes had received an average rainfall of more than 80 mm — maximum being at Vihar at 170 mm.
“There has been 30 to 40 per cent more rainfall than last year,” said Municipal Commissioner Swadheen Kshatriya. “There has been an increase in the water stocks, but it’s too early to roll back the cuts. We will take a stock of the situation in mid-July and then decide.”
The water stock in the six lakes is 1.2 lakh million litres as against 1.3 lakh million litres last year. Civic officials said all catchments collectively need an average 3,000 mm of rainfall. The BMC needs a total stock of 13.5 lakh million litres of water to suffice for the entire year.
There is only 10 per cent of annual useful content in the lakes currently despite heavy rainfall in the catchment area.
“There needs to be at least 7.5 lakh million litres of water in all the lakes collectively, only then the cuts will be withdrawn,” a civic official said. | <urn:uuid:cfe9ccbb-7817-4fc8-aa62-c7e18cbf11f1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai/lake-levels-increase-but-it-s-too-early-to-withdraw-water-cut-bmc/story-GcMRFii4tLu4X9kld0uooN.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00145-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.9611 | 316 | 2 | 2 |
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HP or hit points (Japanese: HP) is a stat that determines how much damage a unit can take. Some units can have more health than others, such as knights and mages. Weapons like Nosferatu and a Runesword can take away damage and give it back to the user.
Items such as vulneraries and elixirs can restore health, while many staves also restore health. If a unit is standing on a certain structure (such as a fortress or gate) and you end the turn, they will recover a small amount of health.
In most games, if all hit points are gone, the unit will then die, and not return to battle. If a main or special character has run out of hit points, it will result in a "Game Over." In other games that have Casual Mode, units return on the next map, however the defeat of main or important characters still triggers a Game Over. | <urn:uuid:01bba556-f09e-4843-ae0a-8dad8e567395> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://fireemblemwiki.org/wiki/Max_HP | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00484-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952646 | 226 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Chromatin organization during Drosophila early embryogenesis
The development of multi-cellular animals begins with a fertilized egg, which divides and differentiates into different cell types. These cell types form different organs and finally the whole organism without changing their genetic information – the DNA sequence. To acquire different functional properties, different cell types switch distinct genes on or off through the binding of specific transcriptional regulators and RNA Polymerase II. Another layer of regulation is the way DNA is packaged into chromatin, which determines the accessibility of DNA to transcriptional regulators in a tissue-specific manner. Recent progress in high-throughput sequencing allows the precise mapping of transcriptional regulators and chromatin accessibility, which presents an opportunity to study the interplay between transcriptional regulators and chromatin on a genomic level.
In particular, very little is known about how chromatin is organized during early embryogenesis, when transcription has not yet begun, and whether the initial chromatin organization helps determine which genes are transcribed first. To address this question, I am using the Drosophila embryo as model system since large amounts can be produced and the early stages of its development have been well studied by traditional methods. Understanding how different chromatin structures are formed and may regulate transcription at a genome-wide is a fundamental problem and could be applicable to understand gene regulation in humans. | <urn:uuid:3eb1455b-b199-4195-b172-7fe1f402a2dd> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.stowers.org/education/open-university/kai-chen | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00033-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.934867 | 274 | 3.34375 | 3 |
I frequently call accuracy its own virtue, and I even generally mean it. Sure, it’s possible to overreach semantic agreement or shared perspective and descend into pedantry or get all persnickety. However, short of that point, accuracy conveys inherent advantages.
This is particularly true when it comes to making criticism constructive. Structuring your message with an eye to accuracy helps you meet several goals. It keeps you focused on what you know, rather than what you surmise, which helps restrict the conversation to behavior. It keeps you from generalizing, helping you to focus on specifics. And a solid check of your statements to verify that you’re not overstating your case helps you keep your response proportional.
Beyond all that, accuracy helps build your credibility. Remember, when you’re giving criticism, you are, baldly speaking, telling another person or group of people that you know better than they do how something should be done. That requires a fair store of credibility. Getting other things right demonstrates your qualifications directly.
Being accurate also demonstrates that you are putting effort into the relationship with the recipient of your criticism. Like most of the aspects of constructive criticism I’ve described, accuracy takes work, which may well inspire a similar level of effort on the part of the person being criticized. Do not underestimate the power of reciprocity.
So, strictly speaking, accuracy may or may not be a virtue, but it can certainly help you make your criticisms constructive. | <urn:uuid:b80403db-4961-4d33-846a-671192e1b633> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://the-orbit.net/almostdiamonds/2010/05/17/reconstructing-criticism-accuracy/?wpmp_switcher=mobile | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719286.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00499-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949105 | 305 | 2.6875 | 3 |
This month we are delighted to interview Hampstead-based Ruth Craig a writer and illustrator of the children’s bedtime favourite Enough is Enough which aims to help young children feel comfortable around dogs. She enjoys visiting schools to talk about our furry friends and all things canine.
Can you tell us about what readers can expect from the book?
Enough is Enough is suitable not only for young readers but for all ages as there are gentle parallels between the dogs and humans and to those things that keep us calm and contented.
It’s a children’s illustrated rhyming picture book about a puppy who learns new skills, combats his fear and makes new friends. The rhyming *tail* has hand-painted drawings and a sprinkling of fun to slowly uncover every time the book is picked up.
Can you tell us a little bit about what inspired you to write your new book Enough Is Enough?
I was inspired to write a story for children wary of dogs and for those who love them.
I have noticed that I am approached a huge amount when I am out and about with my 3 pups. Children often like to approach and talk to me about the dogs and some are extremely fearful. I believe that those children who are more cautious have a sensitivity to meeting something new and unfamiliar if they have never been in relaxed close proximity and once they have that opportunity, it is much less stressful for them and the dogs!
I’ve found that over the years with numerous young children visiting my home, with the right conversation to understand the language of dogs, they grow in confidence and often end up being those with the closest connection and love for the furry beasts.
During the pandemic, staying at home with my busy household of 4 teenagers and 3 dogs I began to illustrate the book as a distraction from juggling the trials and tribulations of GCSE/A level angst, the dreaded Algorithm, cooking burnout, teenage hormones, barking dogs and a dodgy internet connection.
Did you have a special place where you wrote the book?
I was lucky enough to build a sculpture studio at the bottom of my garden just before the pandemic hit. I cut the ribbon mid-February. It was a sanctuary for me to escape to during the first lockdown where I taught myself to merge my painting with digital art and escaped into the world of Cody the Cockapoo!
You are a self-taught illustrator, so what came first the content for the book or your drawings?
Living with a Cockapoo, Pug and Bernese mountain dog is never a dull moment. We have so much fun together and an understanding of the way the busy household runs. I have always attempted to train the dogs as much as I could to make life easier, calmer and quieter, although Chrissie and Fleur from Hampstead Hounds have made a huge difference to all of us with routine and understanding of their very particular needs!!
I started to write in a quiet moment one day when I was thinking about my relationship with Cody and the difference he has made to our lives. He was a rescue dog and came about 8 months old (but we are not sure), it felt at the time as though he had flicked a switch when he came. I was very grateful to him and the words came from that love. As an artist I visualised the pages as I wrote the book but as I had no experience, had to convince my publisher that I could do it.
How did you meet Christiana from Hampstead Hounds?
We had had the experience of returning from a holiday and finding that our dogs had not been cared for very well. When we picked them up, their behaviour was odd and they were very stressed. We wanted to find support that centred dogs and their environment around the care.
One of the things we were drawn to were that Hampstead Hounds stay in your home if you are away, they come to your door for the walks and everything is on foot. I had also had the experience of Cody running away from a dog walker out of the boot of their car many years before. He didn’t know the dog walker and she had picked him up and driven off, I realised afterwards how frightened he must have been to bolt as soon as he could. It makes sense with a nervous dog to keep it stable and simple.
When we first met Chrissie, she and Fleur came over to meet the dogs and it was immediately apparent that she was very wise and sensitive to my 3, this was a relationship that all of us wanted to invest in. Actually, I found out recently that Chrissie and I were at the same school, although in different years. We may well have met before in the school corridor in a school uniform!
You live in Hampstead can you recommend any nice places to go for anyone wanting to visit?
The Heath is a magnificent place to walk, I love it, the history and delight upon noticing new gems every time I’m in my Happy Place – there is something for everyone. Birdsong and trees rustling with the wind in my hair. Oh, and the time I found a magnificent Amanita Muscaria, an iconic red and white spotted toadstool, can I go on?
Do you have any advice for anyone wanting to write/publish their own book?
Discipline and routine were really important. I constantly re-edited the pages and was entirely focussed on the project whilst writing. I enjoyed the process, but I had to be in the right headspace and when I was, it was very natural. If it is really what you want to do, you will find the time.
Enough is Enough by Ruth Craig is available at all good book shops.
If you are looking for a trusted dog sitter this summer contact Hampstead Hounds for further information on our services | <urn:uuid:c6694e06-c2c0-43cf-90fe-d487a9f3c7a4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hampsteadhousesitters.co.uk/enough-is-enough-aims-to-help-young-children-feel-comfortable-around-dogs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.985771 | 1,219 | 1.84375 | 2 |
What an incredible time to be a Californian and intern for the Los Angeles Times. The US Supreme Court struck down the Defense of Marriage Act on June 26, 2013, declaring that same-sex couples who are legally married deserve equal rights to the benefits that all other married couples receive. As soon as I heard, I sprinted to West Hollywood to find hundreds of colorful individuals dancing in the streets. Only a few days later, a federal appeals court lifted a hold on a 2010 injunction, allowing same-sex marriages to resume throughout the state. Per my editors request, I immediately packed my bags and raced down the I-5 to San Francisco where I again, arrived to find hundreds of colorful individuals dancing in the streets.
There is no feeling quite like being able to witness and document history in the state I have always called home. | <urn:uuid:f1367fe7-6670-4557-8262-20a27cddd6ce> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.susannahkay.com/blog/2014/12/27/love-in-the-streets | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282926.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00394-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956782 | 168 | 1.632813 | 2 |
|Isolation Source Peak||Mont de la Dives|
Peak Elevation: 881 m/2890 ft
Peak Location: French Southern Lands
|World Isolation Rank||#51|
|Isolation Limit Point|
The ILP for a peak is the closest point of land that is higher in elevation than the peak.
49° 17' 33'' S, 69° 59' 19'' E
-49.292378, 69.988514 (Dec Deg)
ILP Location: French Southern Lands
Peak to ILP Bearing: 203° (SSW)
ILP Source: Manually Placed/Checked
|ILP Map Links||GeoHack Links Bing Maps Google Maps Open Street Map|
|Isolation Circle||Area: 6,209,077.6 km², 2,397,337.3 mi²|
Percentage of Earth's total surface area: 1.22%
Percentage of Earth's total land area: 4.17%
|Nearest Higher Neighbor (NHN)|
The NHN shown here is the nearest higher peak in the Peakbagger.com database to the given peak.
NHN Elevation: 979 m/3212 ft
NHN Location: French Southern Lands
Peak to NHN Bearing: 203° (SSW)
NHN Distance: 1409.21 km / 875.64 mi
|ILP/NHN Differences||Compared to ILP, NHN Peak is:|
0.49 km / 0.3 mi further away
98 m / 322 ft higher. | <urn:uuid:dccd692c-2755-42c2-9d4b-f4533a04cb6b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.peakbagger.com/Isolate.aspx?pid=11336 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.746813 | 360 | 2.234375 | 2 |
TreeStory is an innovative film with an ambitious plan to reconnect people to nature. Using a timeless form of activism: story-telling, it will explore the dramatic changes that can happen to people thanks to an experience with one important tree in their life.
Inspired by the felling of her favorite childhood tree, an African woman single-handedly creates a project to plant a billion trees worldwide.
A heroin addict overcomes a lifetime addiction and tells us it is because of a tree.
Humans need trees – whether we realize it or not, and TreeStory aims to fundamentally alter how we relate to them… | <urn:uuid:7deb3e8a-d7f7-43a0-a45a-3bc793502736> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://philipcarr-gomm.com/kickstart-the-tree-story-project/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.917306 | 124 | 1.695313 | 2 |
Back in iOS 4, a nifty block-based observer method was added to NSNotificationCenter:
- (id)addObserverForName:(NSString *)name object:(id)obj queue:(NSOperationQueue *)queue usingBlock:(void (^)(NSNotification *))block;
Super convenient, right? I love using blocks to pass simple callbacks to controllers instead of creating a delegate protocol. There is a catch with this method, and it’s not terribly obvious unless you’re looking closely. The method returns (id) – according to Apple’s documentation the return object is “An opaque object to act as the observer”. What does this mean?
Typically when you register your class instance as an observer, you pair it with a
removeObserver somewhere else usually in dealloc. The thing is, removing
self will NOT remove block-based observers! The opaque object that the method returned needs to be retained somewhere so that
removeObserver can be called with that object. This is especially important if you’re calling
self within the block to eliminate a retain cycle/memory leak.
Read more about the method and it’s usage in Apple’s documentation. | <urn:uuid:a94c1f4b-b938-4f41-bb9e-4a72d7e7254e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://aaron.blog/tag/blocks/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.875678 | 256 | 2.125 | 2 |
EM PORTUGUES AQUI: Somos diferentes
A Samurai who was known for his nobility and honesty, went to visit a Zen monk to ask him for his advice.
When the monk had finished his prayers, the Samurai asked,
– Why do I feel so inferior? – I have faced death many times, have defended those who are weak.
“Nevertheless, upon seeing you meditating, I felt that my life had absolutely no importance whatsoever.
– Wait. Once I have attended to all those who come to see me today, I shall answer you.
The samurai spent the whole day sitting in the temple gardens, watching the people go in and out in search of advice. He saw how the monk received them all with the same patience and the same illuminated smile on his face.
At nightfall, when everyone had gone, he demanded:
– Now can you teach me?
The master invited him in and lead him to his room. The full moon shone in the sky, and the atmosphere was one of profound tranquility.
– Do you see the moon, how beautiful it is? It will cross the entire firmament, and tomorrow the sun will shine once again.
“But sunlight is much brighter, and can show the details of the landscape around us: trees, mountains, clouds.
“I have contemplated the two for years, and have never heard the moon say: why do I not shine like the sun? Is it because I am inferior?
– Of course not – answered the samurai. – The moon and the sun are different things, each has its own beauty. You cannot compare the two.
– So you know the answer. We are two different people, each fighting in his own way for that which he believes, and making it possible to make the world a better place; the rest are mere appearances.
Welcome to Share with Friends – Free Texts for a Free Internet | <urn:uuid:58289143-13da-4153-8bd1-42bcbe4e9ba0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://paulocoelhoblog.com/2016/04/27/each-to-his-own-destiny/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285289.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00150-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973987 | 400 | 2.28125 | 2 |
One day a terrible fire broke out in a forest—a huge woodland was suddenly engulfed by a raging wildfire. Frightened, all the animals fled their homes and ran out of the forest. As they came to the edge of a stream, they stopped to watch the fire and they were feeling very discouraged and powerless. They were all bemoaning the destruction of their homes. Every one of them thought there was nothing they could do about the fire, except for one little hummingbird.
This particular hummingbird decided it would do something. It swooped into the stream and picked up a few drops of water and went into the forest and put them on the fire. Then it went back to the stream and did it again, and it kept going back, again and again and again. All the other animals watched in disbelief; some tried to discourage the hummingbird with comments like, “Don’t bother, it is too much, you are too little, your wings will burn, your beak is too tiny, it’s only a drop, you can't put out this fire.”
And as the animals stood around disparaging the little bird’s efforts, the bird noticed how hopeless and forlorn they looked. Then one of the animals shouted out and challenged the hummingbird in a mocking voice, “What do you think you are doing?” And the hummingbird, without wasting time or losing a beat, looked back and said, “I am doing what I can.” —Wangari Maathai
Your life just got exponentially better and more stylish now you've signed up for our newsletter. Fabulousness awaits! | <urn:uuid:907184a8-007c-409c-870a-2399a91d5f12> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.firstforwomen.com/posts/no-drop-is-ever-wasted-65644 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00281-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.977326 | 344 | 2.203125 | 2 |
Feast of the Holy Great Martyr and Most Wise Katherine of Alexandria
Life of the Saint
Katherine was the daughter of Cestus, a wealthy patrician of Alexandria, the capital of Egypt and metropolis of the arts and sciences. She was widely admired not only for her noble birth but also for the exceeding beauty and intelligence that God had given her. Taught by the best masters and most illustrious philosophers, she learnt while still a girl to follow complex lines of argument and obtained a perfect understanding of the philosophical systems of Plato, Aristotle and their followers. She also excelled in the literary sphere, was familiar with the works of all the great poets from Homer to Virgil and was capable of discussing every subject, in a variety of languages learned from scholars and foreign visitors to the great city.
In her quest for knowledge, she had made herself acquainted with all the physical sciences, especially medicine, and there was no area of human wisdom beyond the range of her penetrating intellect. By the time she was eighteen, even the most learned scholars were in awe of her intellectual accomplishments. All this, combined with noble birth, beauty and wealth, made her an enviable match and there were suitors in plenty for her hand. But having a presentiment of the excellence of virginity, Katherine refused them all and made it a condition with her parents that she would accept none but a youth who equaled her in nobility, riches, beauty and wisdom.
Her mother, in despair of finding such a one, sent her to seek the advice of a holy Christian ascetic who lived not far from the city. He told Katherine that he did indeed know a man such as she was looking for, and possessed of that surpassing wisdom which is the very source and spring of all things visible and invisible—wisdom neither gained nor appropriated, but his eternal possession. He is noble also above all that we can think of, for He has authority over the whole universe and has made the world by his own power. Master of the worlds, principle of all wisdom and of all knowledge, He is also, the Elder told her, the most beautiful of the children of men (Psalm 44:3), for He is God incarnate: Son and eternal Word of the Father, who became man for our salvation and who desires to espouse every virginal soul.
As he bade her farewell, the ascetic gave her an icon of the Mother of God carrying the divine Child in her arms. That night the Mother of God appeared to Katherine, but Christ turned away and would not look at her, saying that she was ugly and unclean because she was still subject to sin and death. Grief-stricken, she went back to the ascetic who instructed her in the mysteries of the faith and gave her new birth unto eternal life in the waters of Baptism. Then the Holy Virgin appeared to Katherine again with Christ in her arms, who said to His Mother with joy, “Now I will accept her as my most pure bride for she has become radiant and fair, rich and truly wise!” In token and pledge of this heavenly betrothal, the Mother of God put a ring upon the finger of the maiden and caused her to promise to take no other spouse upon the earth.
Now in those days the Emperor Maximin (305-311), like Diocletian before him, tried to make all his subjects show their submission to his power by offering idolatrous sacrifices under pain of torture and death. When these impious rites were taking place in Alexandria, Katherine appeared before him in the temple and declared her allegiance, but severely reproved the idolatrous ceremonies. Struck by her beauty as much as by her boldness, the Emperor listened as she developed her argument, and he was overcome by her wisdom. Accepting her offer to engage the foremost scholars and orators of the Empire in public disputation, Maximin sent heralds all over the Roman world to bring together scholars, philosophers, orators and logicians. There arrived at Alexandria fifty in all, who presented themselves before the Emperor and the crowd that gathered in the amphitheatre, to confront the slender young girl. Alone, but radiant with the grace of the Holy Spirit, she was in no fear of them, having been assured by the Archangel Michael in a vision that the Lord would speak through her mouth and cause her to overcome the wisdom of the world by the Wisdom that comes from on high. In that strength, Katherine showed up the errors and contradictions of oracles, poets and philosophers. She showed how they had recognized for themselves that the so-called gods of the pagans are demons and the expression of human passions. She even referred in support of her arguments to certain oracles of Sibyl and Apollo, which dimly tell of the divine Incarnation and life-giving Passion of the Son of God. Overthrowing their myths and fables, she proclaimed the creation of the world out of nothing by the one, true, eternal God, and the deliverance of man from death by the Incarnation of the only Son of the Father.
Having run out of arguments, the fifty orators were reduced to silence. Recognizing their error, they asked the Saint for Baptism, to the fury of the Emperor, who condemned them to be burnt alive on November 17. Finding Katherine immune to flattery, Maximin had her tortured and thrown in to prison, while a dreadful instrument of torture was constructed of four spiked wheels connected by an axle. Katherine was attached to this machine as soon as it was ready, but an angel came to free her and the death-dealing chariot hurtled down the slope killing many pagans on its way.
Seeing the feats of the holy Martyr, Maximin’s own wife was converted and visited Katherine in prison, escorted by the commander Porphyrius, a close friend of the Emperor, and by 200 soldiers, all of whom became disciples of Christ. Katherine received them with joy and foretold that they would soon bear away the crown of valiant athletes of the faith. The Emperor was enraged at such defiance within his household. Forgetful of all human feeling, he had his own wife cruelly tortured and beheaded on November 23. On the following day Porphyrius and his company were put to death. On November 25, Katherine was brought forth from her dungeon to appear at the tribunal, fairer and more radiant with heavenly joy than when she had entered it, for she saw that the day of her union with Christ had come at last. She was taken outside the city and, after a last prayer of thanksgiving to the Lord who had revealed to her the inexhaustible treasures of true wisdom, she was beheaded in her turn.
Her body was then conveyed by two angels from Alexandria to Mount Sinai. There, it was discovered in the eighth century by an ascetic who lived in the vicinity. The precious relic was later transferred to the Monastery that the Emperor Justinian had founded in the late sixth century. It is there to this day, giving forth a heavenly scent and working countless miracles.
Adapted from The Synaxarion: The Lives of the Saints of the Orthodox Church, Vol. 2, compiled by Hieromonk Makarios of Simonos Petra and translated from the French by Christopher Hookway (Chalkidike, Greece: Holy Convent of the Annunciation of Our Lady, 1999) pp. 235-239.
Orthodox Christian Celebration of the Feast of Saint Katherine
The feast and commemoration of Saint Katherine is celebrated with the Divine Liturgy of Saint John Chrysostom which is conducted on the morning of the feast and preceded by a Matins (Orthros) service. A Great Vespers is conducted on the evening before the day of the Feast.
Scripture readings for the feast are the following: At Vespers: Isaiah 43:9-14; Wisdom of Solomon 3:1-9; Wisdom of Solomon 5:15-6:3. At the Matins: Matthew 25:1-13. At the Divine Liturgy: Galatians 3:23-4:5; Mark 5:24-34. (If the feast falls on a Sunday the Gospel readings may vary.)
Apolytikion (Plagal Of The First Tone)
Let us praise the most auspicious bride of Christ, the divine Katherine, protectress of Sinai, our aid and our help. For, she brilliantly silenced the eloquence of the impious by the sword of the spirit, and now, crowned as a martyr, she asks great mercy for all.
Kontakion (Second Tone)
O friends of martyrs, now divinely raise up a renewed chorus, praising the all-wise Katherine. For, she proclaimed Christ in the arena, trampled on the serpent, and spat upon the knowledge of the orators.
Apolytikion and Kontakion courtesy of Narthex Press – Northridge, CA. | <urn:uuid:9dcd6f67-0690-4cbb-926e-11378e1b2785> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.goarch.org/special/katherine/index_html/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718309.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00405-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976691 | 1,843 | 2.453125 | 2 |
What's a zombie storm?
A zombie storm is a hurricane that strikes again after appearing for the first time. An example of a zombie storm is Hurricane Paulette, which first struck Bermuda, and intensified after travelling 300 miles to the Azores.
Join Alexa Answers
Help make Alexa smarter and share your knowledge with the worldLEARN MORE | <urn:uuid:e52cc035-f242-4e3d-9cf4-d4276dca2bae> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://alexaanswers.amazon.co.uk/question/3s2upfRp4LEcIs2kwinlVu | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.885833 | 73 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Concept books are a popular genre for board books. This series uses those concepts (in this case, opposites) to also introduce the work of a particular artist. I had never heard of Kelly myself, but abstract art is a perfect foil for this genre, with its simple clear lines and shapes. At times it seems as if the text is being forced to fit the art (I don't know that I would say a half is an opposite of a whole), and it would have helped if the opposites in texture had surfaces you could feel as well, but overall the comparisons are clear enough for little ones. The text goes a bit further than some others in that it actually uses the word "opposites" over and over, whereas most just offer examples.
A solid addition to your board book collection. Other books in this series include:
Blue and Other Colors with Henri Matisse
Squares and Other Shapes with Josef Albers
Birds and Other Animals with Pablo Picasso
One and Other Numbers with Alexander Calder
We will most likely be ordering these for our collection soon! | <urn:uuid:493c9be9-d597-4d8a-b58c-d51633b4fcd4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://amomssparetime.blogspot.com/2018/03/review-up-down-and-other-opposites-with.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.970926 | 235 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Despite the rise in second partnerships, there are a few things you should know. In India, relationship is regarded as the essential institution. Parents believe that it truly is their duty to secure their very own daughters’ forthcoming and may even power their https://mailorderbrideguide.net/ daughters to marry a stranger. In addition to being religious, relationships also have social and political significance. Unfortunately, this has led to numerous divorces. Second marriages contain emerged to be a solution to this problem.
Remarried people are zero smarter than those who divorced the first time. Actually second marriages are more likely to result in divorce than first-time assemblage. However , there are some things you should do to prevent yourself by getting married again. New marriages typically last shorter than second-time marriages, with divorce rates nearly twice as high. If remarriage certainly is the solution to your problems relies on what your personal goals happen to be.
Among Scandinavian countries, the out-of-wedlock arrival rate is definitely higher than in Britain. Most out-of-wedlock births are to cohabiting couples, and a significant number are to solitary teenage mothers. The Scandinavian welfare point out is notorious for motivating family dissolution, but mélange has also been a major factor in the climb of solitary teen child-rearing in Britain. And while second marriage statistics may appear grim, fashionable of young, childless couples is certainly clearly growing. | <urn:uuid:46ac5e99-75ef-40aa-bd67-551a810c95c6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.surakshaweb.com/second-marriage-statistics/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.971633 | 295 | 1.851563 | 2 |
Preeclampsia is a problem that arises during pregnancy and is characterized by high blood pressure and damage to other organs, such as the kidneys. Preeclampsia is considered a serious condition that can lead to dangerous complications for you and your baby. The exact cause, however, isn’t known. Researchers suspect that it may involve problems with the blood vessel development in the fetus, which in turn causes a dysfunctional reaction in the mother’s blood vessels.
Preeclampsia usually begins after week 20 of pregnancy. The condition can occur in women who previously had normal blood pressure. The first sign of preeclampsia is an abnormal rise in blood pressure. This is defined as a rise in blood pressure to greater than 140/90 millimeters of mercury that persists for more than just a few hours. Your doctor will check your blood pressure at every pregnancy checkup, so that if preeclampsia is suspected, your doctor can run the proper tests to confirm and treat the diagnosis.
Other symptoms of preeclampsia include:
- severe headaches
- excess protein in the urine, which is a sign of kidney problems
- blurry vision
- a temporary loss of vision
- upper abdominal pain
- decreased urine output
- swelling of the face and hands
Preeclampsia occurs in about 2 to 8 percent of pregnancies, according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The only way to cure preeclampsia is to deliver your baby. Since preeclampsia can be life-threatening, your doctor will likely choose to deliver your baby early to prevent further complications.
If you are diagnosed with preeclampsia, your doctor may decide to induce your labor. You’ll likely deliver vaginally. If you’re less than 30 weeks into your pregnancy, you’ll have to deliver your baby by a cesarean section, or C-section, instead because the cervix will not be ready to dilate.
If the hypertension gets worse, it can lead to several life-threatening complications. Complications that could arise for the mother during a delivery include:
- bleeding in the brain, or hemorrhagic stroke
- HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzyme levels, and low platelets), which can cause permanent damage to your nervous system, lungs, and kidneys
When preeclampsia causes seizures, it’s called eclampsia.
About one in every 50 women who experience seizures, or eclampsia, will die from the condition, according to the United Kingdom’s National Health Services (NHS). Unborn babies can suffocate during the mother’s seizure, and about one in every 14 of these babies may die. Additionally, mothers who experience a stroke due to preeclampsia may have permanent brain damage.
Severe cases of preeclampsia can also affect your baby, especially during the stressful process of delivery. Complications that could arise for the baby during delivery include:
- impairment of blood and oxygen flow
- the placenta detaching from the uterus too early, or placental abruption
- other complications associated with prematurity, such as breathing problems due to underdeveloped lungs
Preeclampsia is the third leading cause of death for mothers during pregnancy, according to research in the International Journal of Women’s Health. The risk of death is lower in developed countries like the United States. The risk of death or brain damage is also lower the earlier the preeclampsia is diagnosed Being closely monitored in a hospital and given medications also lowers the risk of death or brain damage. Having early and regular prenatal care is the most important thing you can do to minimize the risk of complications for you and your baby.
Babies that were born prematurely due to preeclampsia may also experience numerous long-term health issues depending on how early they were born. These include:
- learning disorders
- physical disabilities
- cerebral palsy
Delivery of the baby is the only available cure for preeclampsia. After delivery, your blood pressure should go back to normal within a few hours to a few days. Sometimes, it can take up to six weeks to reach a normal level.
If your preeclampsia is severe, the first step to preventing complications is to deliver the baby as soon as possible. A drug known as oxytocin is typically used to start labor. It works by stimulating the uterus to contract. An epidural anesthesia or other types of analgesic drugs can be given to control pain. However, women with low platelet counts caused by the preeclampsia may not be able to have an epidural. Your doctor will help you decide which pain medication is best for you.
During labor, management of preeclampsia involves medications that help to stabilize your blood pressure and prevent seizures. Intravenous magnesium sulfate is given to prevent seizures. The hospital staff will continually monitor your knee reflexes after you receive magnesium sulfate. Loss of knee reflexes is the first sign of hypermagnesemia, or elevated magnesium levels in the blood, which can lead to respiratory paralysis and cardiac arrest if it’s not monitored. Anti-hypertension drugs such as hydralazine (Apresoline) and labetalol (Normodyne, Trandate) are given to lower blood pressure gradually. Oxygen is also given.
You and your baby’s condition will be monitored closely. If you begin to experience severe bleeding, anemia, or low platelet levels, you might need a blood transfusion. | <urn:uuid:b6395e98-ead4-48bc-b952-2a880a998aa0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.healthline.com/health/pregnancy/hypertension-induction-delivery-preeclampsia | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281151.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00113-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942254 | 1,155 | 3.53125 | 4 |
Today is Overdose Awareness Day, and End Hep C SF is taking the time to remember our friends, partners, and participants who we have lost to overdose, and to celebrate all the lives we have saved thanks to the DOPE Project and our team of harm reduction warriors in San Francisco. One such warrior is Pauli Gray, an End Hep C SF Coordinating Committee member and leader, and longtime DOPE Project trainer. In this post Pauli reflects on the ways that overdose prevention and HCV services strengthen and support each other, and promote offering both simultaneously.
Tell us about the 6th Street Harm Reduction Center. What services do you offer there?
The 6th Street Harm Reduction Center is open 54 hours a week in the South of Market Neighborhood. We offer HIV and hepatitis C testing and linkage to care, health education and therapy groups, overdose prevention training and naloxone distribution, substance use treatment, mental health counseling, low-barrier medical care, and so much more. To accomplish this we partner with the Stonewall Project, the Harm Reduction Therapy Center, Glide Harm Reduction Services, The Dope Project, Street Outreach Services and the Department of Public Health. We are a place of welcome. For many, we are a bridge to improved health and healing.
In terms of our HCV services, we do most of our HCV treatment at our weekly HCV group, which serves good food and tends to be packed each week. For many drug users, getting treated at a syringe access program is the only option for accessing the HCV cure. There is a family unit feel to the HCV program, where clients who have been cured come back every week to help new people and volunteer at group. This month we’ll be formalizing their roles with our new HCV Peer Linkage Program in partnership with End Hep C SF.
We also have wrap around services during, and immediately after group to support our folks living with HCV. These include Hep A and B vaccines, PrEP initiation, HRTC Substance Use/Mental health counseling, Suboxone, wound care and more. We are constantly providing overdose prevention and response trainings and distributing naloxone. We provide lockers for homeless and chaotic clients to store HCV meds and antibiotics, which really helps support their success.
How do you think being a DOPE trainer helped prepare you to do quality HCV linkage work with drug users?
I started as a DOPE Trainer in 2004. It has helped me immensely as a HCV Care provider and planner because it reminded me constantly that our people, our participants, do care deeply about each other. And it also showed me that they care about themselves and how important it is to share that, and to remind them of that. It showed that we can create a space between us to do something positive for the greater good—for other drug users and people in general. Being a DOPE trainer gave me steady practice in having productive and lifesaving conversations, and seeing how these conversations lead to productive and lifesaving actions.
Tell us about why it’s so important to do overdose prevention and HCV testing, linkage, and treatment work simultaneously.
It’s especially important to me because in my world and program, we offer overdose prevention and HCV services in the same place. We offer them where clients are already coming—the syringe access/harm reduction programs. I am a staunch advocate of meeting clients where they’re at physically, not just as a theory. These are the two main lifesaving and changing things we can do for what I consider my people, and they should be done together. Each service can provide an entry to the other, and the services support and strengthen each other.
Are there ways that your clients talk about overdose prevention and HCV work similarly or differently? How so?
Overdose prevention is for everyone who accesses our services—they generally need the same information and tools. HCV conversations depend on a person’s situation and status. Does this person need treatment themselves? Have they been tested? Should we focus on safer injection/prevention counseling? Do they need basic information to pass on to their friends so their friends can be cured? We figure out where folks are in the continuum and we work from there.
Is there an overdose prevention and/or HCV cure success story you’d like to share?
I have many. When I’m doing Narcan/OD response trainings I am already in the process of learning a person’s story and developing trust between us. After we create that bond during an overdose prevention training, it’s easy to shift our conversation to discussing HCV.
One overdose prevention client was a female who had visible bruises when I first met her. She developed trust in me from the conversation about overdose prevention and wanted to pursue HCV treatment with me when I offered it. It turned out she was in an abusive relationship and wanted to get herself into a safer situation. She decided she wanted to start opiate substitution therapy before starting the HCV treatment process. We ended up doing both these things and she is currently one of the peer leaders of my program. AND she is happily married to another HCV client. There are lots more equally inspiring stories coming out of our HCV program at the 6th Street Harm Reduction Center, and many of them start with overdose prevention trainings.
We’re so grateful to be able to offer clients a variety of options and supports to help them set goals and make positive changes. Part of our program is a Secondary Goal initiative: participants feel so much better after just a month of HCV TX that they set other goals like managing or even stopping drug use, volunteering, employment, reuniting with families. We urge folks to give back in any way possible as part of the process, and that involves getting naloxone and being vigilant and ready to save others from accidental overdose.
It is also so important to remember that the people treat for HCV, and their partners and friends, remain at risk of overdose. We continually do reinfection prevention counseling AND overdose prevention counseling after they are cured.
Pauli Gray is the Senior HCV Coordinator/Harm Reduction Specialist at the San Francisco AIDS Foundation, where he has worked for twenty years. He is also a member of the End Hep C SF Coordinating Committee, Prevention Testing and Linkage group, and Treatment Access groups. Pauli has dedicated his life to harm reduction, overdose prevention, and curing people of HCV in San Francisco and around the world. He has attended speaking events in Africa, Ukraine, and throughout California. He was awarded the California Society of Addiction Medicine Community Service award last night (August 30th, 2018). | <urn:uuid:40fd8917-524c-436b-a072-ec8225ed43bd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://endhepcsf.org/overdose-prevention-and-hcv-cures-drug-users-thriving-and-surviving-at-the-6th-street-harm-reduction-center/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.961325 | 1,386 | 1.515625 | 2 |
|Bishoujo Senshi Sailor Moon is a story about a girl named Tsukino Usagi, an underachiever and a crybaby. She, along with her friends fight evil forces to protect the earth. Her mission is to try to find the princess of the moon.|
Page 1 | Page 2 | Page 3 | Page 4
Along the way, sailor moon finds the other sailor scouts, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter and Venus. They soon discover that Sailor Moon is the Moon Princess, and they destroy Queen Beryl, even though the other scouts are killed. | <urn:uuid:fdf29d30-e09e-4d72-987f-dc641ec39fb2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.dusko.net/color/sailormoon/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00302-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.922635 | 117 | 2.140625 | 2 |
||This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. (December 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)|
|Born||July 6, 1905
|Died||January 17, 1982
Mexico City, Mexico
|Education||Academy of San Carlos, Art and Architecture School at National Autonomous University|
|Patron(s)||Diego Rivera, Frida Kahlo|
Juan O'Gorman was born in Coyoacán, then a village to the south of Mexico City and now a borough of the Federal District, to an Irish immigrant father, Cecil Crawford O'Gorman (a painter himself) and a Mexican mother. In the 1920s he studied architecture at the Academy of San Carlos, the Art and Architecture school at the National Autonomous University. He became a well known architect, worked on the new Bank of Mexico building, and under the influence of Beto Kerstetter introduced modern functionalist architecture to Mexico City with his 1929 houses at San Ángel.
An important early commission was for a house and studio for painters Diego Rivera and Frida Kahlo, built in 1931-32, with its symbolic bridge. Rivera, in turn, influenced O'Gorman's painting. In 1932, Narciso Bassols, then Secretary of Education, appointed O'Gorman to the position of Head of Architectural Office of the Ministry of Public Education, where he went on to design and build 26 elementary schools in Mexico City. The schools were built with the philosophy of "eliminating all architectural style and executing constructions technically."
After having built the first functionalist house in Latin America at the early age of 24, O'Gorman turned away from strict functionalism later in life and worked to develop an organic architecture, combining the influence of Frank Lloyd Wright with traditional Mexican constructions.
His paintings often treated Mexican history, landscape, and legends. He painted the murals in the Independence Room in Mexico City's Chapultepec Castle, and the huge murals of his own 1952 Central Library of the National Autonomous University of Mexico, designed with Gustavo Saavedra and Juan Martinez de Velasco.
In 1959, together with fellow artists, Raúl Anguiano, Jesús Guerrero Galván, and Carlos Orozco Romero, O'Gorman founded the militant Unión de Pintores y Grabadores de México (Mexican Painters and Engravers Union).
He died on January 17, 1982, as a result of suicide. Authorities believe the artist grew despondent after being diagnosed with a heart ailment which curtailed his work. O'Gorman, who was 76 years old, was found dead at his home.
Central Library at Ciudad Universitaria (UNAM)
Juan O'Gorman's most celebrated work due to its creativity, construction technique, and dimensions, are the four thousand square meters murals covering the four faces of the building of the Central Library at Ciudad Universitaria at UNAM. These murals are mosaics made from millions of colored stones that he gathered all around Mexico in order to be able to obtain the different colors he needed. The north side pictures Mexico's pre-Hispanic past and the south facade its colonial one, while the east wall depicts the contemporary world, and the west shows the university and contemporary Mexico.
"From the beginning, I had the idea of making mosaics of colored stones in the walls of the collections, with a technique in which I was already well experienced. With these mosaics the library would be different from the other buildings of Ciudad Universitaria, and it would be given a particular Mexican character."
- National Prize for Arts and Sciences of "fine arts", 1972.–
- Burian, Edward R. (1997). "The Architecture of Juan O'Gorman: Dichotomy and Drift". Modernity and the Architecture of Mexico. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-70852-1.
- Burian, Edward R. (2005). "Modernity and Nationalism: Juan O'Gorman and Post-Revolutionary Architecture in Mexico, 1920-1960". In LeJeune, Jean-François. Cruelty & Utopia: Cities and Landscapes of Latin America. New York: Princeton Architectural Press. pp. 210–223. ISBN 1-56898-489-8.
- O'Gorman, Juan. Juan O'Gorman. Inv. y coord. documental Ida Rodríguez Prampolini, Olga Sáenz y Elizabeth Fuentes. México: UNAM-Coordinación de Humanidades.
- O'Gorman. México: Grupo Financiero Bital. 1999.
- Prampolini, Ida Rodríguez (1983). Juan O'Gorman, arquitecto y pintor. México: UNAM-Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas.
- Frasier, Valerie (2000). Building the New World: Modern Architecture in Latin America. Verso. ISBN 1-85984-787-0.
- Cooke, Catherine Nixon (2016). Juan O'Gorman: A Confluence of Civilizations. Trinity University Press.
- "Rediscovering our man in Mexico City". The Irish Times. 6 June 2007. (subscription required)
- Juan O'Gorman on artcyclopedia.com
- "Irish-Mexican Brothers: Edmundo and Juan O'Gorman" by Edmundo Murray | <urn:uuid:012ec872-e86c-41e1-b34f-e21770e3c9b3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_O%27Gorman | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00276-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.889697 | 1,183 | 2.921875 | 3 |
2018 / Completed
FuturArc Prize 2018
FuturArc Prize 2018 was back for its ninth year. Held from September to December 2017, the competition attracted participants who were keen to showcase forward-thinking, innovative ideas and solutions for a more sustainable future.
Specially designed FuturArc Prize trophies and cash prizes will be given out to the winners at BCI Asia Awards ceremonies held across the region in May and June 2018. This year, FuturArc Prize has the support of BASF as Platinum Sponsor.
Jury | FuturArc Prize 2018
|Dr Nirmal KISHNANI (Singapore), PhD, is Chief Editor of the FuturArc Journal and resident Jury Chair of FuturArc competitions. He is an advocate, educator and practitioner in the field of Green building design, presently with the Department of Architecture at the National University of Singapore where he holds the appointment of Assistant Dean and Programme Director. He has lectured and written widely on the subject of Greening process. Since 2002 – when he founded one of the first dedicated Green design consultancy operating in Asia – he has been involved in landmark projects in the region including the Asian Development Bank, Manila, and Gardens by the Bay, Singapore.|
Dr Kishnani sits on several advisory panels in Southeast Asia; he is active in the development of policy instruments and capacity building in the Green building sector. Dr Kishnani is author of the 2012 FuturArc publication, Greening Asia – Emerging Principles for Sustainable Architecture.
|Florian HEINZELMANN (Indonesia) received his Diplom-Ingenieur (FH) degree in Architecture from Munich University of Applied Sciences and a Diploma from the Berlage Institute, Rotterdam. He was working for UNStudio, Amsterdam on several projects, most notably, as the project leader for the Fraunhofer Institute – Center of Virtual Engineering (ZVE) in Stuttgart. The building received a Gold certificate of the German Sustainable Building Council DGNB. He was also a member of the UNStudio Sustainable Buildings knowledge group.|
In 2009, he started as researcher at TU Delft Faculty of Architecture and begun his PhD research on Adaptive Daylight Systems in large roofs under Prof Dr-Ing Patrick Teuffel. During that time, he was also the Project Manager/Leader of the Solar Decathlon 2012 team as well as tutoring Master students. Afterwards, he joined Patrick Teuffel at TU Eindhoven. Also in 2009, together with Tobias Hofmann and Daliana Suryawinta, he set up their office SHAU, with current locations in Passau, Germany and Bandung, Indonesia. SHAU won several awards e.g. Architizer +A award for their Microlibrary Bima and American Architecture Price Small Firm of the Year in Sustainable Architecture. Florian received several study and research grants and is regularly lecturing at universities, speaking in conferences and publishing research papers and articles.
|Dr Zalina SHARI (Malaysia) is an Associate Professor at the Faculty of Design and Architecture (FRSB), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM). She received her PhD in Architecture (specialising in building sustainability assessment) in 2011 from the University of Adelaide, South Australia. With this expertise, she has been teaching sustainability-related courses for the Master of Architecture programme in UPM.|
Dr Shari also shares her knowledge and expertise on sustainability issues and different Green building rating tools with government and non-government agencies and at educational events and programmes. To date, she has published 60 book chapters and academic articles. She is a member of editorial boards for several international journals, as well as author and national correspondent for FuturArc magazine. She was the Chairman of two national sustainable building related conferences in 2012 and 2015 and currently chairs the 2nd Malaysia University-Industry Green Building Collaboration Symposium (MU-IGBC 2018). She has been serving as a board member of the Malaysia Green Building Confederation since 2014, and currently chairs the Research Committee. For her academic achievements, she was awarded The Best Academician for the Category of Teaching by FRSB in 2016 and 2017 and the finalist for the Vice Chancellor Fellowship Award for the Category of Teaching by UPM in 2017. | <urn:uuid:7da99d7d-91da-440f-8255-459189e0764e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.futurarc.com/competition/futurarc-prize-2018-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.964378 | 878 | 1.5 | 2 |
Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
- simple past tense and past participle of
engaged (not comparable)
- Agreed to be married.
- Busy or employed.
- (Britain) (of a telephone) Already involved in a telephone call when a third party calls
- I tried calling, but she (or her phone) was engaged.
- (architecture, of a column) attached to a wall or sunk into it halfway
- (of gears or cogs) in contact and in operation
- (military) being attacked or attacking
- (of a telephone): (US) busy
agreed to be married
already involved in a telephone call | <urn:uuid:f9b606f7-2609-44bb-95e9-f2a109db7dab> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/engaged | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719215.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00199-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.822733 | 146 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Five Things to do in Rome the Tourist Book Left Out
Ok, everybody knows about the Colliseum, the Forum and St. Peter's Basilica. But if you really want to experience what Rome is all about, try these five things on your next vacation:
1. Bike the via Appia
The world's first highway, the Appian Way, or via Appia, was built during the Roman Empire to connect Rome with the Brundisium, in the south of Italy. When the rebellion of Spartacus was put down by the consul Crassus, he lined this famous road for miles with crucified slaves who were defeated, warning anybody who came to Rome what happens when you dissent. It became common for wealthy families to make their mark on the Appian Way by constructing alters and graves along the sides. The road finishes with the Gate of St. Sebastian, a massive entrance to the city build in the Aurelian Walls. Today, it is possible to bike along the via Appia (although you probably don't want to go all the way to Naples). Bike rentals are cheap, and with this you can enter the city as the Romans did 2,000 years ago (stopping for a delicious pannino along the way of course).
2. Get a coffee at Sant'Eustachio.
Located in the heart of the city, Sant'Eustachio is recognized by Americans and Italians alike as the best coffee in Italy. You can choose from (among other things) the basic cafè, an espresso, or the gran cafè speciale, which is a bit bigger and includes whipped cream and cocoa (as they say, when in Rome).
3. Climb the Janiculum
The Janiculum, or Gianicolo, is one of the seven hills that Rome was founded on. Just a step outside the historic center, climbing the Janiculum provides undoubtedly the best view of Rome. Featuring a giant monument to Giuseppe Garibaldi and a very tranquil, scenic path on the top, the hill is a great place to go after a long day of sightseeing, relax and watch the sun set over the city. You can reach the top easily by bus, or you can hike it yourselves (very doable, it is not giant). Right next to the lively Trastevere neighborhood, a cold birra is always in reach.
If you must...
4. Eat Pasta alla Griccia
Italian food is not just spaghetti and meatballs. In fact, that stereotype is completely false, as the only restaurants in which you will find meatballs in Rome (if it is even possible) are those built for tourists. But there is no myth to the excellence of Italian food, and Rome specifically has several specialties. The best of these, in my humble opinion, is pasta alla griccia. It is usually served with fettucini or rigatoni and has a cheesy sauce made with pecorino romano cheese, which is specific to the Lazio region of Italy, where Rome is located. It is a tad spicy for Italian cooking, but nothing overpowering, and also has pancetta, the italian version of bacon (don't be scared, they cook it completely differently than in America), which is common in Roman pasta dishes. Other Roman dishes to try are pasta alla carbonara (the most famous Roman pasta dish) and pasta all'amatriciana (delicious as well). You can find these dishes is most restaurants, although I might suggest going to the Trastevere or San Giovanni neighborhoods, as they are a bit more authentic, yet always beautiful.
5. Get an Aperitivo
In Italy, it is common to go out for an aperitivo, which is basically a buffet-style dinner that comes with a drink. These are found in certain pubs and restaurants, usually between certain hours (6 to 9 pm, for example). The beauty of it all is that it costs the same as a normal drink costs at a pub, so you basically get the buffet for free. All you do is ask for the aperitivo when you order, order a drink, and then have free range on the food. Depending on where you go, the food array and quality can be high or low, but it usually features some combination of pizza, sandwich bites, pasta, rice, etc. I personally recommend Friends, which has a location in the center (close to Sant'Eustachio) and also in Trastevere. If you want to get adventurous and go outside the center, there is Doppio Zero, which is by the Piramide metro stop, which is also great.
I hope everybody has a chance to experience Rome at least one time in their lives, it is truly an incredible place. Hopefully this has been informative for those who are either already here or are planning on making the trip!
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When I first came to Italy from the United States, I had certain expectations of what Italian people and culture would be like. Basically, I just took for granted that Italians in Italy would be just like Italians in... | <urn:uuid:01b732ae-cc1e-40e1-ba79-ebb700e12162> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://hubpages.com/travel/Five-Things-to-do-in-Rome-the-Tourist-Book-Wont-Tell-You | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279410.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00165-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968839 | 1,063 | 1.554688 | 2 |
Modern Competition Law has constructed its structures on the basis of the paradigm of price competition in the market. This approach has largely neglected the important role that competition plays in the creation of innovation, even when the proper Article 101 (1) b) TFEU particularly prohibits as incompatible with the internal market those agreements and abusive practices that limit or control technical development. Thus one of the main goals of this project is to analyse anticompetitive practices that may have an impact on the launch of innovations.
This reasoning acquires special relevance considering the special characteristics of the main innovation markets nowadays (bio- and nano-engineering, ICT, pharmaceutics…) in which economic success has more to do with research and development and the ownership of IP rights than with the offering of products at the lowest price. The dynamic character of these businesses makes it also necessary to rethink the relationship between Competition and IP regulations. In these markets, beside price competition, innovation is a very important competition parameter. They are based in a first-winner model. Those competitors who achieve first the innovation, are granted the IP rights that confer them the exclusive legal position in the market of this brand new product, removing –at least temporally- competition from other undertakings. These “winners” may achieve a market dominance on the base of the IP granted and the specific market conditions. In this landscape, undertakings –and mainly these in a dominant position- may engage in anticompetitive behaviour or celebrate agreements, creating barriers to entry and eliminating actual or potential competition in that market.
IP rights are not ends in themselves, but instruments to enhance innovation. By allowing their holders to get a reward for their investment in R&D, patents do serve as an incentive to competition based on innovation. Yet, an IP system granting broad exclusive exploitation rights and that is devoid of any kind of competitive modulation may generate important social costs that cannot be easily subsumed. An over-protectionist IPRs system leads to several risks and social costs, and it confers the IP owners an important legal monopoly on the inventions that can be used to build up important barriers to enter in a determinate sector of innovation, discouraging R&D and innovation in that field. IP exclusive exploitation rights are justified by the need of granting a return of the investment made for the creation of the innovation.
In this context, the project focuses on the analysis of three general environments:
1. 1. Competition prior to the innovation or competition in the creation of innovations
2. 2. Competition post innovation. Strategies once the innovation is created to hinder the innovative efforts of competitors
3. 3. Antibodies to enhance competition in innovation | <urn:uuid:aa98fce7-259e-4077-b9c3-833761ce6899> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ip.mpg.de/en/projects/details/competition-in-innovation-strategies-in-the-creation-and-exploitation-of-innovations-in-the-light-of-competition-law.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.949946 | 540 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Novak Sanitary: How Reducing Food Waste Reduces Food CostThe idea of food waste isn’t particularly a popular topic considering garbage and recycling issues are considerably more mainstream. However, food waste is just as much of a concern than ever. North Americans and Europeans waste between 209 – 253 pounds of food per year. From a global perspective, 1.3 billion tons of food purchased for human consumption goes to waste.
Methane gas is one of the least recovered waste items in the municipal waste stream, but ironically, it is one of the most important items that should be removed due to the releases of methane gas as it decomposes in landfills. Methane gas is a greenhouse gas and when released into the atmosphere has a great affect on climate changes.
There are several different ways to eliminate food waste. The following tips will not only help the reduction of waste, it will also help reduce food cost and benefit the environment we all live in.
• Get creative with leftovers. Toss them into a casserole, smoothie, or a soup.
• Buy only what you need and take only what you need at the dinner table. Rather than doubling up on your plate, remember that second helpings are always there.
• If you realize you have more food than you need or there are plenty of leftovers after a family meal, freeze the rest. This will also save money and time down the road as you already have a meal prepared in the freezer.
• Put compostable food waste into a bin and use it for next year’s garden.
• When new food is purchased from the store, be sure to rotate items in your refrigerator as well as cupboards. Place newer items in the back and older in the front.
• Donate unexpired boxed or canned goods you believe you won’t be using in the future.
• Be sure your fridge is up to par. Check seals and the temperatures to ensure proper storage of your food.
• Shop with meals in mind. This will also help save money as you will be more apt to stick with your shopping list.
Reduction of waste begins with being mindful of your food waste and incorporating new strategies that exemplify your reduction efforts. A little can go a long way in terms of reduction. Once the process begins, it becomes easy to incorporate further changes in your routine. | <urn:uuid:997cea06-d8c5-4bcc-84e7-fc7c014a67de> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.novaksanitary.com/news/article/sioux-falls-garbage-food-waste | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719273.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00066-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954165 | 488 | 3.1875 | 3 |
Solar Education kit is designed for Schools & Colleges to explain the various uses of Solar Energy through different application & live demonstration to help students for understanding Solar Energy and to educate students about the conversion of solar energy into light, electromechanical, sound energy, wind, heat, electromagnetic energy.
Major components: Solar Photovoltaic Module, Battery, Lamp and Charge Controller.
- Solar Panel
- Bulb / LED
- Volt Meter
- Ampere Meter | <urn:uuid:ecacbb9b-4dd2-4493-a3a2-0065a342ba86> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.energymarketers.in/solar-education-kit/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.846936 | 114 | 2.609375 | 3 |
The February ISA SP100 (Wireless Industrial Network Standards) meeting generated some strong end-user backlash—a sharp contrast to the previous meeting where cooperation seemed to be the mantra. The backlash reflects dissatisfaction with the process being used by SP100 as it moves toward the first draft of its standard.
The issue arose at a subcommittee meeting where Honeywell and the WNSIA group (Wireless Networks for Secure Industrial Applications) proposed adoption of a new physical layer using a narrow-band, frequency-hopping spread spectrum operating at 2.4 GHz as an alternative to the previously adopted physical layer based on the use of IEEE 802.15.4 chips using direct-sequence spread spectrum with channel-hopping.
The User Working Group was meeting separately when it received news that a vote on the alternative physical layer proposal was being taken. Most of the users left their meeting room to attend the physical layer meeting so that they could participate in the voting and express their opinions on the alternative proposal.
When the vote was taken in the PHY/MAC (physical and media access layer) task group, sufficient numbers of end users were present and voted against the motion to cause its narrow defeat. Subsequent questioning of those opposed to the proposition revealed the end users’ deep dissatisfaction with the process.
A few of the users who had heard the presentation of the alternative physical layer said their needs were not being heard. They had expected that an alternative physical layer based on one of the currently available physical layers operating at 900 MHz and using frequency-hopping spread spectrum would be among the first alternatives to be considered. This alternative would have met their requirements for an inexpensive, quickly available wireless network for data acquisition that could operate over distances typically found in refineries without a repeater.
After the meeting, the co-chair of the User Working Group resigned from the position, citing alleged harassment by one of the vendor companies, thus forcing SP100 management to consider changes in the process.
THE WIRELESS "CLOUD"
Many components make up the “wireless cloud” over process plants. (Courtesy, Honeywell Process Solutions)
What Actually Happened?
Development of a highly technical standard, such as SP100, requires the cooperation of the major industry suppliers and many other specialty firms to make complex, detailed and highly technical proposals. It also requires that end users make known their actual needs in terms familiar to them and communicate them clearly to the technical committees. In this case, the users did not circulate their draft of the User Requirements document, but held it as a working paper of the User Working Group. This document also was not widely circulated outside that working group to seek input from other users not able to attend committee meetings.
Until this hiccup, the development of the architecture for SP100 was proceeding on-plan. In previous meetings, the SP100.14 and SP100.11 subcommittees developing separate proposals for wireless networks for simple data acquisition and for control systems were combined because, except for the physical layers, the proposals were very similar. The combination was approved by SP100 so the committee could concentrate on a single standard with variation only in the physical and portions of the media access layers, SP100.11a. The “default” physical layer using IEEE 802.15.4 chips previously proposed by the Collaboration Group in its proposal for a data acquisition network had already been approved.
In this meeting, as planned, the WNSIA Group headed by Honeywell, was making its more detailed proposal based on the not-so-very-well-kept secret, second-generation wireless network code-named “Raptor.” As the meeting was going on, Honeywell was demonstrating Raptor to end users in another room. It also offered ts alternative physical layer to SP100 for use in control-oriented networks. WNSIA/Honeywell also offered its media access, network, transport and application layer proposals at the same meeting. The Collaboration Group also presented detailed proposals for the media access and network layers.
Development of a standard is a difficult process, mostly because the committee is made up of technically savvy contributors from many companies who are motivated to have their previous work written into the document. End users are involved to act as a sounding-board to make sure what is proposed meets their needs. Their presence is required in ISA standards committees to balance the suppliers. The most difficult obstacle to writing standards is that every one of the committee members has a full-time job that does not include the extensive time required to actually write the standard.
The alternative is to create a standard the way the IEC does. In that system, all proposed standards recognized by some recognized standards body can be accepted as “Publicly Available Specifications.” The result of this is a multi-part standard, such as IEC 61158 Fieldbus, which began with eight parts and soon will have more than 15, none of which interoperate.
The SP100 process, operating under ISA rules, seeks to develop a single standard designed to allow interoperability of wireless field devices for process control, a requirement users have strongly requested. | <urn:uuid:bf5ad1a8-ffd1-42dd-8b53-c22412860255> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.controlglobal.com/articles/2007/077/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00347-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963255 | 1,053 | 1.859375 | 2 |
23-07-2015, 12:24 PM
Tamil Nadu Public Service Commission
Combined Civil Service Exam (Group II)
2015 Science Study Materials V
One Word Type Question and Answer
This section will be helpful for the English learners.So kindly study these materials.
Science SM V (Eng).pdf (Size: 516.35 KB / Downloads: 312)
kavi, proud to be a member of Vidyarthiplus.com (V+) - Online Students Community since Apr 2013. | <urn:uuid:3cde39a1-bc05-471d-887c-7530d924fd1a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.vidyarthiplus.com/vp/thread-33500.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00033-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.733252 | 106 | 1.9375 | 2 |
Transcript for Severe Weather Forecast
There is severe weather moving across america as he head into this memorial day weekend. Hail and severe storms in the east. Families hoping for a get away are in for a soggy slug. Reporter: Like clockwork, as millions of americans prepare to hit the road and the airports this holiday weekend -- the ominous weather rolls in. From flash floods in new york, to dangerous winds in chicago, and the miserable conditions hovering over tornado-shattered moore, oklahoma. Skies are far from clear, and neither are the nation's airports. Delays, cancellations. Especially in the northeast, where some flights in bound to new york delayed more than four hours. The stranded include alex and andi chambers, trying to get to newark from austin. We are stuck in austin still. Flight has been delayed three hours. Reporter: And this little guy in chicago, not happy at all with his three-hour delay. Amidst these weather woes, new predictions today about the coming hurricane season. IT STARTS JUNE 1st. And federal forecasters say it's going to be active. They expect three to six major atlantic hurricanes. But, remember, that doesn't mean they will necessarily make landfall. Either way, it's too soon for most folks along the east coast still rebuilding post-hurricane sandy. Like this. Look at this time-lapse video. Of the seaside heights boardwalk in new jersey, all set to open before memorial day. Now, ginger, take us through the forecast for the big weekend. It's a soggy memorial day for the jersey coast and a lot of folks in the east. Look at the map, which takes us through the night with potential for storms in the northeast. But also for tomorrow and saturday, very soggy. Don't get away from it even in the mid part of the country. If you want sunshine and heat, you go to go southeast or southwest. Didn't mean any of the hurricanes will hit land? They could, they could not. Noah does not predict that. So many of them, and we've had years like this, could stay out to sea. An important bit of context from abc's meteorologist ginger zee. In moore am cl, the first
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate. | <urn:uuid:4e7c3ce1-ec66-4928-ba87-0d387f2c38eb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://abcnews.go.com/WNT/video/severe-weather-forecast-19245582?.tsrc=yahoo | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00246-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954808 | 496 | 1.578125 | 2 |
Imphal (Manipur) [India], Jan. 10 (ANI
): Tight security measures were adopted in Imphal
on Monday in order to ensure free and fair elections, set to take place next month.
Frisking of vehicles has been made more rigorous in order to check and prevent any suspicious transportation of objects, money
The chief electoral officer has already notified the concerned election officials, security forces about the measures to be taken.
He has also briefed all stake holders about the rules and regulations to be taken into consideration during the elections.
Section Officer Mr. Ronald Chandra said they are keeping a check but they haven't come across anything suspicious yet.
"We are just checking suspicious things like wine etc. for elections
. Till now, we have not found anything suspicious."
There will be seven-phase polling for 403 assembly constituencies in the politically crucial state of Uttar Pradesh, two-phase polling in Manipur and one-phase polling each in the states of Punjab, Uttarakhand and Goa respectively. (ANI | <urn:uuid:4a1c73ac-0d84-49e6-8e73-90ff4e0732bd> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.aninews.in/newsdetail-Mg/Mjk0NzE4/manipur-security-beefed-up-ahead-of-elections.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284411.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00454-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960474 | 211 | 1.554688 | 2 |
Somewhere in Flanders, 26th Dec. 1916
“Well Christmas is over again. It was a quiet one for us but under the circumstances, we had a pretty good time. Whisky, wine and champagne were flowing freely last night. We were lucky in being out of the trenches for Christmas. We go in again tomorrow night so will be in at New Year. I was up in the trenches for a short time on Christmas morning with a fatigue party everything was very quiet, scarcely shot being fired.”
— William Proven
William, or Dickie as he liked to sign his letters home, never saw another Christmas after this one in Belgium. The Canadian died sometime the next year, following his brother to the grave. Mary Grey, perhaps a family friend or perhaps a sweetheart, kept the tiny, handwritten letter sent to her parents as well as a colourfully decorated Christmas card Proven mailed to them.
They eventually found their way to the University of Calgary Library and Archives at The Military Museums, where they became part of a collection of wartime Christmas cards, letters and newsletters. Most items have come from individuals — soldiers or their friends and family — who treasured them for generations before donating them to one of the five archives at The Military Museums.
“Families kept them, especially during the First World War. Canadians were in their first international action of any scale. These were their sons away from home for the first time — adventuring and dying,” said University of Calgary archivist Jason Nisenson, who oversees the library at the museum.
“There’s not a lot of research value but there’s emotional value. It’s so poignant,” said Nisenson.
Some of the collection was displayed at The Military Museums last December and will be exhibited again next Christmas. In the meantime, the delicate items can be viewed upon request.
Many of the cards are hand-drawn or coloured. A few contain photos and one even lists the Canadian Corp. Survey Section Christmas menu from Bonn, Germany, in 1918. With a luxury spread of prime roast beef, roast turkey, boiled ham, Christmas pudding, strawberry tart, stewed prunes and custard, fine old Scotch, wine and beer, followed up by cigarettes, it’s clear this meal was for officers far from the action, said Nisenson.
“The closer to the front, the grimmer it got.”
Two items in the collection illustrate soldiers’ remarkable desire to maintain a sense of normalcy despite the despair they must have been feeling. A Dec. 25, 1915, edition of a trench newspaper was realistic about the war news but tried to keep spirits up. Almost 30 years and another world war later, a Christmas edition of the ‘Clarion’ entertained those held in 1944 in Stalag 344, a German prisoner of war camp. It contained stories and puzzles and some news from home.
Colourful advertisements in the collection appear incongruous among all the sober messages to loved ones. But the pages, which show a happy and fun scene on one side and a bleak image on the other, were pure propaganda designed to demoralize troops in North Korea.
” ‘Mr. Moneybags is in Florida. Where are you? In Korea. It sucks, go home.’ This was the type of message the Chinese Volunteer army dropped on soldiers at Christmas to get them to quit,” said Nisenson.
One card contained a fold-out photo of a Canadian Forestry Corp. regiment stationed in Scotland in 1941. Cpl. Lorne Wentworth Smythe was awaiting deployment when he sent a Christmas card home to his son, Lorne Norman: “From one that loves you dearly, dad.”
The son, a lance corporal, followed his father into service but died Dec. 17, 1944, in Italy. His father was discharged the following February.
“The Smythe collection was very small, only one folder with stuff the mother shared. There was a Mother’s Day card from when he was six and couldn’t spell, and a report card,” said Nisenson.
“She wouldn’t have known when she saved that, that he would die 15 or so years later. And here I am 80 years later opening these things. It can be very moving.”
Postcards from the Front
Some of the historic Christmas cards and letters from soldiers in the collection at the Military Museums in Calgary. | <urn:uuid:26c13cc2-4e25-4a85-854d-0e055d7cd5bf> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://calgaryherald.com/news/local-news/poignant-wartime-christmas-cards-give-glimpse-into-life-at-the-front | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282926.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00393-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968933 | 947 | 2.171875 | 2 |
Learning Resources Double-Sided Magnetic Fraction CirclesFractions & Decimals
Learning - View Complete Details
Product Number: LRNLER1616
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Learning Resources Double-Sided Magnetic Fraction Circles - Demonstrate fractions, percentages and equivalencies on your whiteboard.
Helps students understand relationships between concepts of fractions and percentages - labeled with fractions on one side and percentages on reverse
Extends learning through color-coded coordination to Rainbow Fraction® resources
Supports key NTCM Standards
Includes 9 circles, each measuring 7.5", includes whole, 1/4, 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, 1/5, 1/6, 1/8, 1/10 and 1/12
Includes Activity Guide
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Music, Recording, and Sound Design|
This technical and historical introduction to sound recording is designed for upper-level students in music, film, theater, dance, and art. The course covers the use of microphones, mixers, equalization, multitrack recording, and digital sequencing. Additional readings will examine the impact of recording on musical and filmic practice. Participation in the course provides students with access to the Music Department recording studio.
||Gen Ed Area Dept:
|Course Format: Lecture||Grading Mode: Graded|
||Prerequisites: MUSC103 OR MUSC201
||Fulfills a Major Requirement for: (MUSC)
||Past Enrollment Probability: 75% - 89%
|Major Readings: Wesleyan RJ Julia Bookstore
|Additional Requirements and/or Comments: |
Lab sessions are required and will be scheduled at the first class meeting.
|Instructor(s): Matthusen,Paula Times: ..T.R.. 01:20PM-02:40PM; Location: RHH003; |
|Total Enrollment Limit: 16||SR major: 8||JR major: 8|| || |
|Seats Available: 0||GRAD: X||SR non-major: 0||JR non-major: 0||SO: 0||FR: 0|
|Drop/Add Enrollment Requests|
|Total Submitted Requests: 1||1st Ranked: 0||2nd Ranked: 1||3rd Ranked: 0||4th Ranked: 0||Unranked: 0| | <urn:uuid:002a7fbd-28ab-439a-a9ed-b441b1e359bb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://owaprod-pub.wesleyan.edu/reg/!wesmaps_page.html?stuid=&facid=NONE&crse=005885&term=1169 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.775812 | 392 | 2.375 | 2 |
A case study on employee motivation in the organization is a report that focusses on the importance of employee motivation. Employee motivation is very important for the employees in the organization with great ease. Employee motivation is the level of commitment that the employee shows at their work. The motivation can help in achieving better at work with great ease. The importance of employee motivation is easily highlighted through this report without any problem. The synopsis on A case study on employee motivation in the organization provides a complete overview. You can download synopsis, ppt and pdf reports on A case study on employee motivation in the organization here.
Table of Contents/Project Report Covered
- Introduction to topic
- Review of Literature
- Objective of the Research
- Research Methodology
- Data Analysis
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The advantages of employee motivation are easily highlighted in this report. The workplace atmosphere can have an impact on the attitude of the employees and thereby affect the success of their work. The case study of employee motivation is easily available through this report with great ease. The employee motivation level is very important for employees with great ease. This report can also help to know about the motivation level of employees. You can download project reports on A case study on employee motivation in the organization.
|Project Name||: A Case Study on Employee Motivation in an Organization|
|Project Category||: MBA HR|
|Pages Available||: 55-65/pages|
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To Download sample Project Report, Proposal, PPT,Synopsis for free Reach us on WhatsApp: +91 9481545735 | <urn:uuid:bc9b6850-6e84-47ec-923c-9f2aa3ee4044> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mbareportsguru.com/a-case-study-on-employee-motivation-in-an-organization/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571502.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811194507-20220811224507-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.878813 | 558 | 1.992188 | 2 |
Lord Halifax was Viceroy of India; British foreign secretary until late 1940; then U.K. ambassador in Washington until the end of WW.II
References in the diaries of Lord Halifax
(Univ. of York, Borthwick Institute: Hickleton Papers, Lord Halifax, file A7.8.3).
Jan 29, 1942: Antisemitic remarks by Lord Halifax about Jews: the Jewish stereo-type described,;
Jul 26, 1942, selling a farm to a Mr Rosenbaum; Sep 13, 1942, 'She [Mrs Ryan] struck me as quite pleasant but I should guess was evidently a Jewess.'
September 4, 1942 the Polish ambassador in Washington visited Halifax, and 'produced an awful report about the Germans exterminating all the Jews in the Warsaw ghetto at the rate of 100,000 a month. They are supposed to make various things they want out of the boiled down corpses. I wonder whether this horror is true. A good deal more likely to be true, I fancy, than it was in the last war.'
[See reference to the resulting report to the Foreign Office, London]
September 23, 1942: 'In the course of the morning the Jews appeared in the persons of Rabbi Wise and another, whose talk was exactly like that of a stage Jew. Although the matters they talked about were grim enough, it was all I could to to keep a straight face when he chipped in. They gave a terrible picture of what the Germans were doing with Jews -- deporting them from the west in truck loads literally to kill. If this is true, how vile it is of Laval to hand any more poor wretches over.'
October 1, 1942 Two visitors, 'both very semitic.' Also, Jews not allowed to hunt in Virginia: 'If a Jew were to come out hunting, it would be intimated to him that he had better go home!!!'
January 19, 1943, 'an awful luncheon [at the Jewish Hospital] with all the Jews, who were terribly Jewish.'
January 27, 1943. Of a British evening at the Jewish community centre in Washington Halifax wrote on: 'It was a very complete collection of Semites, but they were all very kind.' | <urn:uuid:211c68ab-f701-4975-b9a2-e58812ea8a15> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.fpp.co.uk/History/antisemitism/HalifaxonJews.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00314-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.975782 | 461 | 2.15625 | 2 |
By guest blogger Dr Martyn Allen (University of Reading)
Hunting in the Roman world is a rarely studied and poorly-understood phenomenon, and it is normally considered to have been quite unimportant to the Romans. This was a society which, of course, was based upon agriculture. Its wealth and complexity was founded on its ability to produce and transport large quantities of food to support both urban and rural populations, as well as a geographically-widespread military with high demands. As with all cultures, animals play a central and fundamental role, providing sources of food, means of transport, and offering companionship, practices which are often key to understanding those cultures. Due to the substantial economic importance of domestic livestock across the Roman Empire we could be forgiven for overlooking the relationships between people and wild animals. However, if these relationships are to tell us anything about Roman society, we must think more carefully about what it actually means to hunt: who is doing it, where they are doing it, and why. Hunting in agricultural societies is very different to that in hunter-gather societies. Firstly, for the latter group, there is no such thing as a ‘wild animal’–the classification exists only in our consciousness as the opposite of a domesticated animal–and, secondly, the ways in which hunter-gatherer groups and farmers behave towards and think about, animals are very different. A hunter-gather’s relationship with animals is one based upon kinship and trust, whilst the farmer-livestock relationship is more exploitative and unequal (Ingold 2000; Willerslev 2004). Hunting in agricultural societies must then also be seen in different terms.
Farming was first developed as a means of producing food, larger quantities of it in fact, leading to the development of more complex societies and settlements, such as towns and cities, a shift which largely eliminated the need to hunt animals for food. And yet, people did not stop hunting. The reasons why are much debated, because although game animals tend to be eaten they are not required for survival as they would be for hunter-gatherer communities (except perhaps in extreme circumstances, but not as a general rule). In addition, there is considerable debate surrounding what we actually classify as ‘hunting’ within farming communities. Anthropologists would argue that a hunt must involve an animal which is free to run away, or at least is perceived to be ‘free’ (Cartmill 1993, 29). The ‘running away’ bit is important, because the animal must not be under any obvious form of control or restriction. The hunt must also involve direct violence between the hunter and their quarry, albeit usually a short and very final act. There are, however, notable exceptions, such as trapping (fur-bearing mammals, for example). It is debatable of course, but this is not strictly a form of hunting under these criteria.
Importantly, it is the act of hunting which is important, rather than the production of meat. It is a social performance which sends an array of messages about the identity, or identities, of the people involved. Much ancient Greek literature concerning hunting discusses it as a form of military training, not only in a practical sense but also metaphorically, where the quarry are associated with a human enemy, and the hunting landscape (e.g. woodland, etc.) is perceived as a foreign land (Cartmill 1993, 32). This shows us that it is not only the relationship between people and wild animals which is important, but also their connection to the place where hunting is undertaken. Hunting takes place in the wild, within ‘nature’, beyond the domestic realm. Compared to ancient Greek literature, perhaps surprisingly, Roman writers were less intent on placing the same emphasis upon hunting. This is a cultural difference, but there are hints of Roman attitudes towards the natural world in the writing of its poets and in iconographic depictions of some of its elite citizens. More specifically, some of the early Emperors (particularly the Hadrianic ones) appear to have been keen on associating themselves with hunting, or at least the idea of hunting. Domitian, in particular, is to be found in numerous reliefs and carvings where he can be seen slaying wild beasts (Tuck 2005, 239). The contemporary writer Suetonius (Domitian 19) suggests that this was not merely a symbolic gesture, but was enacted by Domitian in the game park on his estate outside Rome.
However, not everyone in the Roman world was an advocate of hunting. Not because of animal welfare as might be the case today, but because hunting in this context was seen as transparent and overly-extravagant. Occasionally game was not even killed during the end of the chase, but first driven into nets and then presumably slaughtered (perhaps not even by the hunter, but by slaves). Such a practice may have removed one of the most important aspects of the hunt: the violent killing of a free animal. Pliny the Younger, poking fun at some of his notable contemporaries, humorously derided that he captured animals, not with spear and lance, but with pen and notebook in hand (Epistulae 1.6, quoted in Anderson 1985, 100). It was the chase, the show of horsemanship and mastery over the wild beast, and not necessarily the kill that was always important in the mind-sets of some. Despite the ambiguous nature of the hunt in the Roman world, as shown in its literature and its iconography, it would appear to have been an important device which demonstrated elite identity and social power within the landscape. It represented the authority of the emperor as protector of the Roman state and its people. But, how much hunting actually took place in the Roman Empire: how much meat from wild animals actually made it to the dining table and in whose house? And, was it really hunting, or merely hollow demonstrations by the wealthy few?
In Britain, archaeological excavations have produced an astonishing number of animal bone assemblages from an array of towns, military sites, and rural settlements all occupied during the period of Roman occupation (historically taken as AD43-410). However, the remains of wild animals in these assemblages are generally rare, normally occurring in very low quantities compared to the bones of domestic livestock. In a comparatively large assemblage, animal bones from wild species would normally register somewhere between 0.5%-2% of the total identified. An assemblage with a wild component of around 5% would be seen as exceptional, and only very occasionally do they occur in a greater frequency than this. But we should expect this. Domestic livestock were of major economic significance in Roman Britain, not only for meat, but also for dairy, wool, leather, horn, fat, and bone, not to mention the importance of manure and the use of cattle and horses for ploughing and traction–vital components of an agricultural society. It makes complete sense that the remains of domestic livestock dominate the faunal assemblages from Roman farms and towns. However, as I have sketched out above, the importance of wild animals in agricultural societies does not lie in their role within the economy, which would have been negligible at best, but in their symbolic importance. Deer bones found at late Iron Age and Roman sites in Britain are recovered in greater frequencies on villas and military sites, compared to other types of settlement (Allen 2014, 177), indicating that venison was more commonly eaten at higher-status sites. As is suggested by the historical accounts, the archaeological evidence does appear to show that deer more frequently hunted by those with landed wealth and by military groups, people with a level of social and economic power.
There is also evidence that some elite groups in Roman Britain furnished their estates with deer parks. Fishbourne Palace in West Sussex produced bones of fallow deer, a species which, although common today, is not native to Britain and was only properly introduced after the Norman Conquest. Radiocarbon dating and isotopic analysis (looking at chemical signatures) of fallow deer teeth from Roman Fishbourne showed that one individual had been imported during the mid-1st century AD, whilst a second had lived its entire life in Britain (Sykes et al. 2006). The results of this important analysis could be inferred as evidence for the maintenance of a breeding herd of fallow deer at the site at least into the 2nd century AD.
The analysis of red deer bones from Fishbourne, which were comparatively numerous, indicates that these animals may have been deliberately managed (Allen 2014, 178). Numerous red deer femur (thigh) bones came from skeletally-immature animals, whilst most other red deer bones were found to have been fully developed. The femur bone in the red deer is known to be one of the last to fully mature, which suggests that this species were generally killed and eaten at Fishbourne when within a restricted age range. Measurement of red deer bones has also indicated that most were from particularly large animals compared to those from other sites, suggesting that male stags were a focus for slaughter (Allen 2014, 179). Such a cull pattern would imply that red deer of particular age and gender were selected for killing rather than randomly caught in the wild, i.e. a deliberate management strategy was being employed. In addition, the recovery of some exceptionally young roe deer remains may also support this interpretation. Radiographs of a number of roe deer mandibles from Fishbourne have shown that some were culled almost as new-borns (neonates). This may indicate that neonatal roe deer were considered a delicacy by the inhabitants of the palace, and consumed soon after birth, but we must also think of this evidence in terms of management strategies. Roe deer were certainly hunted at Fishbourne, as attested by the remains of older animals, but the selection and removal of young would have enabled population control for risk management as well as the maintenance of a healthy herd.
It could be argued that deer were being slaughtered solely to keep local numbers of wild deer down, perhaps if they were being destructive to local farmland. However, if this was the case we should see similar evidence from other sites. Predominantly, this is not the case; deer management was not practiced by the vast majority of the rural population. On the other hand, if deer were being kept within an enclosed space, such as a game park, they would need to be consistently managed and maintained, firstly to minimise damage to the local environment, and secondly to provide suitable animals for the hunt, i.e. young stags. If we accept that the zooarchaeological evidence represents the presence of a managed deer park, it is helpful to view it against the ancient literature, because it is here that we find the attitudes of Roman elite groups towards wild animals and how this was reflected in what it meant to have been a member of the elite classes during that period. Of course, much more work is required on this desperately under-studied subject, particularly with regards to what the evidence means in terms of the relationships between different people, with animals, and also with the landscape, but when placed in context it is truly amazing what an animal bone can tell us!
If you want to know more about Martyn and his work, please take a look at his profile on our Guest Bloggers page.
Allen, M.G. (2014) ‘Chasing Sylvia’s Stag: Placing Deer in the Countryside of Roman Britain’ in Baker, K., Carden, R. and Madgwick, R. (eds.) Deer and People, Windgather, Oxford, pp.174–186.
Anderson, K. (1985) Hunting in the Ancient World, University of California, Berkeley.
Cartmill, M. (1993) A View to a Death in the Morning: Hunting and Nature through History, Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
Ingold, T. (2000) ‘From trust to domination: an alternative history of human-animal relations’ in Ingold, T. (ed.) The Perception of the Environment: Essays in Livelihood, Dwelling and Skill, London, Routledge, pp. 61–76.
Sykes, N. J. White, J. Hayes, T. and Palmer, M. (2006) ‘Tracking animals using strontium isotopes in teeth: the role of fallow deer (Dama dama) in Roman Britain’, Antiquity 80, 948–959.
Tuck, S. (2005) ‘The origins of Roman imperial hunting imagery: Domitian and the redefinition of virtus under the principate’, Greece & Rome 52, 221–45.
Willerslev, R. (2004) ‘Not Animal, Not Not-Animal: Hunting, Imitation and Empathetic Knowledge among the Siberian Yukaghirs’, Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 10.3, 629–652. | <urn:uuid:82a95fb4-e16e-4dba-94cb-c133034a5daa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://notjustdormice.wordpress.com/2015/01/22/hunting-in-the-roman-world-anthropology-animal-bones-and-ancient-literature/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.972315 | 2,672 | 3.296875 | 3 |
2017 Mi Mi Wanlong Wuxi Network Literature Writers Salon is successfully held
Recommended reading in the "14th Five-Year Plan" opening, it is necessary to deeply recognize the importance of strengthening intellectual property protection in promoting building a modern economic system, stimulating the innovation of the whole society, supporting the construction of innovative national construction and socialist modernization.
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After experiencing storms, peace of mind, she thanked the people of the motherland. She deeply got a strong motherland. When she walked down the plane, she said that people had a good sentence: "There is a five-star red flag, there is a faithful lighthouse." 2021-10-0909: 24 China uses 9% of cultivated land in the world, accounting for nearly 20% of the world, and actively participates in the global elimination of hunger and food trade, not only successfully solves the food problem of more than 1.4 billion people, but also for 上海最高档的水疗会所 the world Food security made a prominent contribution. 2021-10-0409: 07 Promoting the construction of the Yellow River National Cultural Park is a strategic starting person, task, systematic and strong system, and need to be well-planned, and need to be well-planned. 2021-10-0209: 07 Review the historical process of reform and opening up for more than 40 years, the Chinese Communist Party has always been able to turn the crisis as the transfer, and promote high quality development, and have accumulated rich and valuable historical experience in this practice process.
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2021-07-1709: 26 National key information infrastructure scale construction and information technology innovation ability continue to increase, in order to change production methods, lifestyle and governance in digital transformation, high-quality construction of digital economy, digital society, digital government Lined a solid foundation. 2021-07-1517: 31. | <urn:uuid:408ac02a-7615-448f-92f5-99c279747d96> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.clevelandlights.com/348 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00070.warc.gz | en | 0.914781 | 1,306 | 1.578125 | 2 |
The influence of neutrophils and mononuclear leucocytes on the fibrinolytic response to severe sepsis
This study identified striking increase in plasma of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1(PAI-I), a major inhibitor of fibrinolysis levels in septic patients who are non-neutropenic. Neutropenic patients show less striking changes. Where shock occurs both groups of patients show very high levels of PAI-1. These observations suggest a role for leucocytes in PAI production. In the second section neutrophils are identified as containing PAI-1 in normal subjects, the levels rising significantly in sepsis. Monocytes contain no PAI-1 but do contain Plasminogen activator inhibitor 2(PAI-2) levels of which inhibitor also rise in sepsis. Normal neutrophils contained no PAI-2 but neutrophils from septic patients contained significant quantities of this inhibitor. In the third section mononuclear cells from septic patients are identified as enhancing PAI-1 production in cultured endothelial cell (EC). Septic neutrophils have a more complex effect on EC. Mononuclear cells and neutrophils therefore, both contribute to the fibrinolytic inhibition of septic disorders but by different mechanisms. Each cell type contains one of the major inhibitor of plasminogen activator and levels of these rise in sepsis. Both cell types from septic patients promote greater release of PAI-1 from endothelial cells than do cells from normal individuals. Inhibition of fibrinolysis by leucocytes may contribute to fibrin persistence in sepsis. This may be useful in localizing infection. If generalized, it may contribute to vascular occlusive complications of sepsis such as shock lung, acute renal failure or digital gangrene. Absence of leucocytes may account for the apparent reduction of vascular occlusive complications in leucopenic septic patients. | <urn:uuid:5ee28710-c8dd-45f7-afc2-541f7231cd0d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295797 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00548-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.886591 | 414 | 2 | 2 |
Jack Layton stood in the House of Commons in early June 2009 and was in a feisty mood in the midst of a political crisis over a shortage of medical isotopes in the country.
He demanded Conservative Natural Resources Minister Lisa Raitt apologize after tapes of inappropriate remarks she made about the issue were made public.
The minister didn't apologize when prodded by the leader of the federal NDP and others during question period.
"What the hell is wrong with these people?" asked an exasperated Layton.
Born: July 18, 1950, in Montreal.
First elected to Parliament: 2004 to House of Commons.
Profession: Political writer, activist, municipal councillor, politics professor; BA from McGill University in 1970, MA and PhD from York University in 1984.
Personal stuff: Married to fellow MP and before that fellow councillor Olivia Chow. Likes to ride his bicycle to media events.
That question appears to sum up the NDP leader's dealings with the other major federal parties as he struggles to get his party into a position of power — and not just power sharing — in these days of minority Parliaments. It's also a sign of the nature of "Jack," as he is called by many of his supporters.
It's no surprise he is the way he is after rising through the rough and tumble world of municipal politics in Toronto to eventually take over leadership of the NDP on Jan. 25, 2003.
Some of the Toronto-Danforth MP's techniques, mind you, have left him open to the "grandstander" label that was occasionally thrown at him in his past political life. As a Toronto city councillor, Layton and his wife, fellow councillor and now fellow MP Olivia Chow, once donned black gags to protest being silenced by other Toronto politicians. At the time, they were objecting to a deal with Shell Oil, which was under fire for its controversial operations in Nigeria.
Layton has other challenges now, like how to grow the number of seats his party holds. (The NDP has 37 after the federal election in October 2008, seven shy of the high gathered while Ed Broadbent was leader.) He also has to forge an identity with Canadians across the country beyond that of a party the Liberals and the Conservatives often look to for support in the climate of minority government in Ottawa.
Walking in their footsteps
Ask Layton where he gets his activism from, and he tells you the story of his great-grandfather, Philip Layton, who came to Canada from Britain as a blind teenager and developed a successful business tuning and selling pianos.
From that base, he founded the Montreal Association for the Blind (forerunner of the CNIB) and helped create one of Canada's first social programs. In the 1935 federal election, in the midst of the Depression, Philip Layton secured a pledge from the two main federal parties that whoever won would bring in a $25-a-month pension for the blind, many of whom were destitute and selling pencils on the street. If the new government didn't follow through, the senior Layton said, he was going to show up at Parliament's door with as many sightless people as he could muster, holding their canes.
Skip ahead a couple of generations, and you can see the similar styles. From his father (Robert Layton) and grandfather, cabinet ministers in Brian Mulroney's Conservative government and Maurice Duplessis's Union Nationale regime in Quebec, respectively, Layton inherited the political gene. From his great-grandfather, he took that feel for the underdog and the dramatic gesture.
It's a technique he used over and over again in his career as a Toronto municipal councillor. He alternatively threatened and cajoled his way into getting official sanction for such things as curbside recycling, bike lanes and a downtown windmill. Since being elected leader of the NDP six years ago, Layton has been trying this out at the federal level. In spring and fall 2006, he propped up Paul Martin's Liberal minority during a couple of crucial votes.
At budget time, he wrangled an additional $4.6 billion in social spending from the government in exchange for his party's support. But it didn't last: the Conservatives cancelled almost all the programs when they took over.
Under Layton's leadership, the NDP has yet to come near power, except after the 2008 election when Stephen Harper's Conservatives attempted to cut taxpayer-funded party financing and delayed an economic stimulus package in the midst of a global financial crisis. That spurred the opposition parties to form a Liberal-led coalition, supported by the Bloc Québécois and the NDP, they hoped could bring down the minority government.
The NDP had won just over 18 per cent of the vote and 37 seats in the election, and the Liberals promised that its MPs, and likely Layton himself, would have cabinet positions if the Harper government was toppled in December. It did not work out that way, however, as Gov. Gen. Michaëlle Jean, amidst high drama in Ottawa, agreed to suspend Parliament avoiding the confidence vote that could have taken down the Conservatives.
In June 2009, election fever rose as Liberal Leader Michael Ignatieff took on Prime Minister Stephen Harper over employment insurance. A summer election was avoided after the two leaders met for the first time in many months and decided to study the issue together.
Layton and the NDP criticized the leaders' approach to the EI issue, a bread and butter one for their base of support, but were left on the sidelines during the talks. He even stood up during question period and referred to Ignatieff as Harper's deputy prime minister.
Change over power
The NDP is usually squeezed at election time by the Liberals in Ontario and in the Maritimes and by the Conservatives in the West. But, as Layton told a Maclean's interviewer in 2003 as he was seeking to make the jump from municipal to federal politics, the NDP leader is "interested in change, not power."
Many commentators wondered whether Layton's penchant for grandstanding, and such accoutrements as his snazzy orange ties, would hurt him in the eyes of the public. But in both the English- and French-language TV debates in 2004 and again in 2006 and 2008, he came across as a serious and deliberate performer.
Under Layton, the NDP has climbed from 18 to 37 seats and just over 18 per cent of the popular vote. That is up noticeably from the years under his predecessor, Alexa McDonough, but still a far cry from the 44 seats the party won with Broadbent at the helm in 1988.
Chow joined her husband in Parliament after the 2006 election after losing in 2004 (both have been running federally since the mid-1990s), making them one of only two husband-and-wife teams in the House of Commons and a unique duo in their own right. Their downtown Toronto home has been, over the years, a lively mix of political causes and family (grown kids from a previous marriage and an elderly parent).
Layton gained real-world experience during his time in municipal politics to complement his academic credentials. He remained a university professor with a second job as a Toronto city councillor from 1982 until his election to the NDP's top job. More importantly, from a networking point of view, he also headed up the Federation of Canadian Municipalities for a time, a group that comprises virtually all the country's mayors and deals with the issues that are of most concern to them.
Activist roots are showing
Layton started honing his credentials as an activist at an early age. In his teens in the 1960s, he led a fruitless bid to have a youth centre built in his hometown of Hudson, Que. He would go on to immerse himself in anti-poverty issues, as well as fights for better public transportation and affordable housing. That last area of interest led him to write a book, Homelessness: The Making and Unmaking of a Crisis, which was published in 2000.
One wonders how heated the political conversations were in the Layton household when he was growing up. Layton was president of his student council in 1967 and announced in his yearbook that he intended to be prime minister some day. But his father, Robert, who served two terms as a Tory MP and junior minister under Mulroney in the 1980s, might have questioned the political path his son chose. Layton was briefly a young Liberal while he studied at McGill University but turned to the NDP in 1971, impressed by Tommy Douglas's opposition to the War Measures Act.
Winning has not been easy. Running for the Toronto mayor's seat against June Rowlands in 1991, Layton led early only to finish a hard second. He also went down in defeat as a federal NDP candidate in 1993 and 1997. Even as the leader of the NDP in the 2004 election, he garnered just five percentage points more than incumbent Liberal MP Dennis Mills in voting in the Toronto-Danforth riding. In 2008, however, he won by 15 percentage points over the Liberal contender.
Layton has two children, Sarah and Michael, from his first marriage, to childhood sweetheart Sally Halford. He married Chow in 1988. | <urn:uuid:c7ad0c47-0c26-4ed5-acb7-b173f1128f83> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/a-man-on-a-mission-1.820634 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00036-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.984193 | 1,897 | 1.59375 | 2 |
If you're trying to avoid the lure of online clothes shopping during lockdown, why not spruce up what you already have in your wardrobe?
Here are some easy DIY ideas.
Tie dye - or any kind of dye
Throw it back to the '90s and tie-dye some old t-shirts - a project that kids and adults alike will love.
There are several different ways you can tie-dye, including using acrylic paints, bleach, sharpie pens and traditional dye. For best results, use a white t-shirt, as colours will show up the brightest this way.
WikiHow has a comprehensive guide here on four different ways to tie-dye.
Alternatively, for a more sophisticated style, why not just straight dye something from your wardrobe? This is a comprehensive guide to materials, dye and the process.
Make shorts out of jeans
As the weather gets warmer, you can avoid buying new summer clothes by simply upcycling a pair of old jeans.
WikiHow has another comprehensive guide on how to go about altering your jeans here.
Shorten an old dress
Similarly, give your legs a bit of sun by cutting away the hem of a long dress.
This easy tutorial (using a sewing machine) shows you how.
Sew on a collar
Instantly make any garment smarter by adding a colourful collar. This is a fairly technical process, but this guide takes you through step by step.
Embellish with iron-ons
If you're someone with less technical ability when it comes to sewing, iron-on patches are one of the easiest ways to customise your clothing.
Just have a search online for patches you like, then, once they arrive, all you have to do is fire up the iron to stick them on. This simple guide will direct you, if you're unsure.
Spruce up old shorts, jeans, or other garments by adding lace.
You can find a tutorial for doing this to shorts here - but the technique can be used on many other garments too.
Make a no-sew crop top
If you have an old t-shirt you're bored of, turn it into a pretty crop top with this simple, no-sew tutorial.
Turn old yoga trousers into comfy joggers
Let's face it, most of us are doing a fair bit of lounging around at the moment. So if you have a tatty pair of yoga trousers you've never used, why not turn them into comfy joggers using this tutorial?
Create a summer dress from an old t-shirt
Another way you can repurpose an old tee is to fashion it into a breezy summer dress. You can find a tutorial for doing this here.
Spruce up your old sandals
If you're bored of your sandals, you can easily give them new life with a few pom poms, glue and a little patience. This tutorial takes you through the steps. | <urn:uuid:40bf2b34-dbc7-4418-9af7-99a92a044501> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bedfordtoday.co.uk/read-this/fun-and-easy-clothes-diy-projects-you-can-try-at-home-to-brighten-up-your-wardrobe-2844513 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.916467 | 621 | 1.703125 | 2 |
- Open Access
The involvement of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer
Molecular Cancer volume 19, Article number: 132 (2020)
At the moment, pancreatic cancer is among the deadliest gastrointestinal diseases, and pancreatic cancer growth is a complex biological process that is based on different kinds of genes. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles containing microRNAs (miRNAs), messenger RNA (mRNA), and proteins, they act as the most prominent mediator of intercellular communication, and they regulate, instruct, and re-educate their surrounding microenvironment and target specific organs. Due to accumulative evidence proved that exosomes are involved in metastasis, cell proliferation, EMT, angiogenesis, and TME of pancreatic cancer, exosomes are crucial potential candidates to detect pancreatic cancer early. This review aims to convey the current understanding of the main functions employed by exosomes in early diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer.
At the moment, pancreatic cancer is among the most deadly gastrointestinal cancerous diseases . Pancreatic cancer symptoms are atypical, the development of the illness is too fast, and there are no sensitive early diagnostic biomarkers or proper clinical treatment . Pancreatic cancer growth is a complex biological process that is based on different genes that are mutated . PC is also a malignant disorder with poor prognosis, listed globally for the fourth fatal malignancy . Statistically, in the United States, there are nearly 45,000 reported new cases recorded yearly, and 5-year survival rates over are less than 5% . Even though researches have achieved considerable advances in several aspects, especially genes, proteins, and cells, most of the PC malignant biological processes need to be explained at a very advanced level . Many pancreatic cancer patients fail to present influential signs until they enter the stage of disease progression. Various studies reported some significant risk factors that may cause the development of pancreatic cancer. Some of those risk factors include smoking , family history of chronic pancreatitis , advancing age , male sex , diabetes mellitus , obesity , occupational exposures, African-American ethnic origin , a high-fat diet, diets high in meat and low in vegetables and folate , and possibly Helicobacter pylori infection . Compared to many other cancer types, pancreatic cancer is remarkably caused by 4 essential genes that are mutated at a high number of patients suffering from PC. The most altered gene within pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma consists of K-ras the proto-oncogene, which is usually mutationally activated above 90% cases . Besides, tumor suppressors such as CDKN2A , p53 , and DPC4/SMAD4 are also altered in above 95%, between 50 and 75, and 55% of cases, respectively . Exosomes are extracellular vesicles containing microRNAs (miRNAs), messenger RNA (mRNA), and proteins. Accumulative pieces of information proved that exosomes are potential candidates for early detection and diagnosis of pancreatic cancer . Currently, various studies showed that increased or decreased expression of exosomes play an important role in different kinds of cancer, including pancreatic cancer . For instance, exosomes are stimulating factors for the initiation and the development of pancreatic cancer, and this shows the ability of exosomes to be used as diagnostic biomarkers of pancreatic cancer .
Moreover, it has also been reported that there is a vast difference between the expression level of tumor-derived serum exosomes between pancreatic cancer patients and non-pancreatic cancer patients . The conditions as mentioned above are due to the fact of that during carcinogenesis, pancreatic cancer patients secrete high amounts of circulating exosomes , and these secreted circulating exosomes are significantly detectable in body fluids, this also made researchers consider exosomes as potential diagnostic tools for early detection of pancreatic cancer . Besides, recent research demonstrated that exosomes could directly and specifically target the oncogenic KRAS, which is also an essential gene in the development of pancreatic cancer, this made exosomes to be the best novel therapeutic candidates for pancreatic cancer . In general, pancreatic cancer lacks different early diagnostic biomarkers and molecular target treatment that can significantly help in the battle of reducing pancreatic cancer fatalities around the world. In this review, we focus on the recent advances in our understanding of the main functions of exosomes in pancreatic cancer early diagnosis and treatment.
Exosome main components
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles which are often formed and produced by several cells; their size varies around 30 to 100 nm in diameter, and they have bilayer lipid . As components, exosomes are composed of proteins, DNA, mRNA, miRNA, lipids, and non-coding RNA , all of the elements mentioned above are portrayed in Fig. 1a. One of the main functions of exosomes is to transfer nucleic acids and proteins into various recipient cells, and this facilitates both the transport of essential substances and the communications between cells .
Exosomes are composed of a range of proteins, such as heat-shock proteins (Hsp70, Hsp90) , tetraspanins (CD9, CD81), proteins associated with ESCRT (Alix, Tsg101), cytoskeletal proteins (actin, tubulin), and GTPases . These proteins participate in the production sorting and secretion of exosomes , and they are also involved in antigen presentation, membrane microdomain structure, cytoskeleton, and endosomal network .
Exosomes also comprise nucleic acids, such as DNA, mRNAs, miRNAs, and long non-RNAs (lncRNAs) . Among these, miRNAs are indeed known molecules that are involved in gene regulation after genetic transcription events . Growing evidence has shown that exosomal miRNAs are strongly linked to several cancers, including pancreatic cancer . Different studies focused on exosomal microRNA because some exosomal contents are the same as that of the original tumor . As it is presented on Fig. 1b, exosomes can be detected in different kinds of body fluids such as cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, plasma/serum, breast milk, ascites fluids, amniotic fluid urine and semen, which made exosomal microRNA to be considered as a candidate for diagnosing various cancers, including pancreatic cancer . Additional exosomal components like cholesterols, ceramide, sphingomyelins are also crucially involved in the initial production of exosomes .
Leading significant clinically relevant roles of exosomes in pancreatic cancer
Exosomes play essential roles in pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, EMT, and angiogenesis
Exosomes have been shown to regulate both the development and progression of pancreatic cancer, which means that exosomes are involved in EMT, Metastasis, and cell proliferation Fig. 2 . For example, Li Z et al. reported that tumor-generated exosomes miR-222 induced the invasion and proliferation of nearby tumor cells, and these outcomes are achieved by regulating and re-localizing P27 . Botla et al. demonstrated that downregulating microRNA-192 expression increased in the progression of pancreatic cancer . Besides another study conducted by Y. Fu and his colleagues indicated that the decreased expression of exosomal miR-98-5p promotes metastasis and cell proliferation of pancreatic cancer by downregulating MAP 4 K4. This exosomal microRNA also suppressed the MAPK/ERK pathway, which is essential in tumor formation . Besides, Wang S et al. reported that exosomal miR-182 increased both cell proliferation and migration by targeting β-TrCP2, which plays a critical role in regulating cell cycle checkpoints. Also, they proved that exosomal miR-182 also plays a significant role in pancreatic cancer progression . Metastasis is essential in the progress of different types of cancers, and various studies have reported that exosomes are currently involved in pancreatic cancer metastasis . It has been reported that exosomal miR-301a-3p mediated M2 macrophage polarization via PTEN/PI3Kγ, and in return, this considerably promoted PC metastasis .
Interestingly, another study also reported that miR-21 expression in PDAC TAFs is very active in promoting both invasion and metastasis in pancreatic cancer . Pancreatic cancer EMT is another critical, momentous event in pancreatic cancer development, and it has been found that it is possible to modulate EMT by using exosomes. For instance, miR-429, together with the low expression of miR-141, decreased pancreatic cancer development, metastatic behaviours, and it has also enhanced the expression rate of the primary regulators of EMT in pancreatic cancer . A recent study by Hu J et al. reported that miR-361-3p regulated ERK1/2-induced EMT in pancreatic cancer by facilitating DUSP2 mRNA degradation . Angiogenesis, which is the formation of the new blood vessels that are necessary to transport oxygen and other substances needed to grow or the spreading of the disease, angiogenesis is an essential event in different types of cancer, including pancreatic cancer . Besides, accumulating shreds of evidence proved that exosomes play an essential role in pancreatic cancer angiogenesis . Shang et al. reported that PC cell-derived exosomal microRNA-27a significantly stimulated the angiogenesis of HMVEC in pancreatic cancer through BTG2 . In conclusion, exosomes affect pancreatic cancer progression by regulating essential features such as angiogenesis, EMT, cell proliferation, and metastasis.
Exosomes are promising tools to be used as pancreatic cancer biomarkers
A cancer biomarker corresponds to a compound or process that shows the existence of cancer in the body . A biomarker can be a substance naturally produced by a tumor or the body’s unique reaction to the presence of disease . One of the studies carried out on cancer-related exosomes reported that cancer cells release lots of exosomes compared to non-cancerous cells. It has also been reported that cancer exosomes are crucially released into cancer microenvironment and circulatory system . These results prove that exosome’s components, which include miRNAs, are considered as a promising screening tool, and they can be used to strengthen the responsiveness and reliability of early pancreatic cancer detection . Xu Y-F et al. reported that miR-196a and miR-1246 were highly expressed in exosomes derived from pancreatic cancer. These two miRNAs were found to be slightly elevated in plasma exosome specimens from patients who had localized PC juxtaposed to patients who had not PC . Besides, Goto et al. also reported that exosomal miR-191, exosomal miR-21, and exosomal miR-451a were substantially increased in patients with PC and IPMN which was not the case to the patients who did not have PC . Abue et al. also noted that plasma exosomes miRNA-483-3p expression was higher in pancreatic cancer patients compared with IPMN patients . These findings, as mentioned above, make exosomal miRNAs a sensitive tool for early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and an essential biomarker for distinguishing pancreatic cancer from IPMN. Furthermore, it has also been reported that miRNA-16a and miRNA-196a, together with CA19–9 , provided a positive outcome towards the identification of stage I of PC , suggesting that these exosomal microRNAs can also be used as PC peripheral biomarkers . Also, in Kawamura’s study, miR-4525, miR-451a, and miR-21 derived from portal vein have been proved possible biomarkers to determine the likelihood of recurrence and poor survival in patients with pancreatic cancer . Furthermore, CKAP4, a DKK1 receptor, and secreted by exosomes, was also found to be a potential biomarker for pancreatic cancer . Thus far, researchers did not stop exploring the role of exosomes as biomarkers for pancreatic cancer. By doing so, they found that exosomes extracted from pancreatic juice can catch a defined range of pathological biomarkers to help identify pancreatic cancer . Machida et al. also reported that miR-1246 and miR-4644, which are freely available in saliva, could be considered as potential biomarkers for pancreaticobiliary tract cancer . The studies mentioned above, which focused on the identification of the role of exosomal miRNA in the diagnosis of PDAC, providing evidence for the routine application of specific exosome components in the early detection of pancreatic cancer and additional information are presented in Table 1.
Exosomes are essential in pancreatic cancer treatment
Various studies highlighted that exosomes play a significant role in the treatment of pancreatic cancer by significantly reducing the progression and the aggressiveness of pancreatic cancer . All points of view mentioned above are possible just because of exosomes’ ability to carry and deliver different kinds of substances that target whether cancerous cells or genes involved in pancreatic cancer development . For example, one of the studies showed that, after the priming of both MSCs and Paclitaxel, considerably stopped the proliferation of CFPAC-1 pancreatic cell lines by releasing paclitaxel-having exosomes into a well-controlled cell culture medium . It was also found that exosomes transfer Curcumin in pancreatic cancer cells to encourage in vitro cytotoxicity . Besides, to deal with gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer, Aspe JR et al. used exosomes to deliver survivin T34A to pancreatic cancer cell line (MiaPaCa-2) which in turn restored gemcitabine sensitivity in pancreatic cancer cell . Using clinical trials, clinicians can determine whether new treatments are safe and effective in treating different diseases, including pancreatic cancer. Although there are not many clinical trials performed on using exosomes as drug carriers, currently, there is one clinical trial that is in its Phase I (NCT03608631). This clinical trial is using exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells to deliver small interference RNA that targets KrasG12D mutations in patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
In cancer treatment, stopping cancer development is essential, basing on that various studies have carried out to verify whether exosomes can be used to prevent pancreatic cancer progression. For example, a recent study reported that exosomal miR-7 blocked pancreatic cancer events such as growth, migration, and invasion. Also, they noted that the overexpression of miR-7 inhibited tumor development in mice by directly targeting MAP 3 K9 . Another study which had the aim of determining the role of DLC1 and microRNA-195 in pancreatic cancer, during their research, firstly, they noted that overexpression of miRNA-195 could stop proliferation, migration, and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. Secondly, they also found that exosomal MicroRNA-195 suppressed PC development by targeting DCL1 . It is also known that inhibiting some genes in combination with some exosomal microRNAs can help to inhibit cancer progression in different cancer types, including pancreatic cancer. An oncogene in pancreatic cancer known as TUG1 put together miRNA-299-3p brought a significant approach in treating pancreatic cancer . The inhibition of the two significantly suppressed the Notch 1 pathway, and this could stop pancreatic cancer advancement . Making some biological modifications on exosomes can also be a useful tool to produce new therapeutic novels to fight against pancreatic cancer. A study aimed at determining the curative abilities of miR-16a reported that this exosomal microRNA could inhibit some essential genes involved in cell cycle arrest and cell proliferation . It has been reported that miR-15a makes PC resistant to gemcitabine, to overcome this situation, they modified the exosomal micro RNA in question to 5-FU-miR-15a, which stopped PC cell proliferation. The combination significantly suppressed pancreatic cancer lung metastatic development . Pancreatic cancer is one of a malignant disease that resists to some of the available chemotherapies, as the battle continues to eliminate this burden, the researchers found that exosomes may be excellent tools to prevent this problem, for example, it has been reported that microRNA-410-3p significantly reduced the PC cancer resistance to gemcitabine by inhibiting HMGB1-mediated autophagy this made the exosomes to be considered as good candidates to be used in treating pancreatic cancer .
Pancreatic cancer is a cancerous disease which initiation is based on different gene mutations, such as TP53, Kras, CDKN2A . Among all of those genes which are mutationally activated in PC, Kras is the most mutated gene in pancreatic cancer , and this made the researchers start to think that maybe targeting Kras gene pathways using exosomes could help in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. A recent study reported that an exosome that was extracted from normal fibroblast-like mesenchymal and modified to bear siRNA targeting KrasG12D was able to stop pancreatic cancer progression in different GEMMs and greatly improved these mouse models overall survival rates . Basing on the facts mentioned above, it is clear that exosomes significantly play an essential role in treating pancreatic cancer.
The involvement of exosomes in pancreatic cancer TME
The tumor volume contains not just highly diverse cancerous cells groups; it also includes several essential and infiltrating host cells, secreted factors, and extracellular matrix proteins, generally referred to as the tumor microenvironment . It is widely known that the tumor microenvironment is made up of macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts, proteases, cytokines, ECM play a significant role in tumor evolution and metastasis in different types of cancer especially in pancreatic cancer . Growing pieces of evidence have demonstrated that exosomes are strongly connected to the tumor microenvironment . Basing on these facts, researchers continued to explore more about the role of exosomes in the pancreatic cancer CAFs, which are essential components of the TME. It has been reported that some chemotherapies induce CAFs to start to release more exosomes, which in turn promote pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and drug resistance . Exosomes also play a role as cell transformation initiator in human pancreatic cancer; a recent study reported that pancreatic cancer cell exosomes were involved in malignant cell transformation of NIH/3 T3 cells, contrarily, this was impossible on exosomes from healthy pancreatic cells or primary fibroblast cells . Macrophages-delivered exosomes are one of the pancreatic cancers TME components, and they are said to be involved in different PC essential events. Yin Z et al. showed that macrophage-derived exosomal miR-501-3p suppresses the TGFBR3 gene and promotes the growth of PC by triggering the TGF-β signaling pathway . As mentioned above, it is quite clear that exosomes play essential roles in pancreatic cancer TME.
Exosomes are essential tools to monitor response to therapy in pancreatic cancer
Currently, different therapies are used to treat pancreatic cancer, and it is necessary to monitor or track the therapies’ responses. One of the most common biomarkers is CA-19-9, has been used for so long to monitor the therapeutic responses in pancreatic cancer .
As mentioned earlier, exosomes play different roles in pancreatic cancer events like metastasis, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and treatment of pancreatic cancer. Besides, exosomes are also believed to play a significant role in monitoring response to therapy. For example, one study tested cell surface proteoglycan, glypican-1 (GPC1) on serum exosomes in patients harbouring pancreatic cancer at both pre-and post-operative levels. The results highlighted a substantial decrease following surgical resection, suggesting that glypican-1 plus exosomes that may function as a non-invasive biomarker and a possible tracking tool for the identification of therapy response . It has also been found that exosomal forms of the EGFR released from pancreatic cancer cells can also be the right candidate to track therapy response . Another study which was done on plasma exosomes reported that increased rates of miR-221 in the blood found three weeks after initiation of treatment with lapatinib and capecitabine have been related to drug resistance, this made miR-221 be a right candidate for monitoring these two therapies response in pancreatic cancer treatment . Also, Miyamae M et al. also noted that the high expression of miR-744 might be a useful tool to monitor chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer . Although It is clear that exosomes essential roles in controlling response to therapy, there is a need for more studies and clinical trials so that exosomes can be used as usual monitoring therapy response agents not only for pancreatic cancer but also for other types of cancer.
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal diseases among solid malignancies. Most patients are diagnosed with advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer. Also, Pancreatic cancer is resistant to its routine treatments, and pancreatic cancer does not have both successful target therapies or sensitive diagnostic tools. It is essential to continue doing deep researches so that we can find for early diagnosis and establish novel therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer. Taken together, exosomes play a significant role in intercellular communication. Several studies also confirmed that exosomes can be released by all kinds of cells and are significantly associated with multiple cancers, including pancreatic cancer. Many pieces of research proved that exosomes correlate with biogenesis, progression, metastasis, and tumor immunity in pancreatic cancer; also, exosomes are detectable in different body fluids, and that makes exosomes to be used as pancreatic cancer biomarkers. Besides, exosomes are involved in cell-cell communication, and this makes them potential candidates to be used to produce new therapeutic novels to treat not only pancreatic cancer but also other types of cancer. Although we have attempted to summarize the roles of exosomes in the treatment and diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, it is necessary to conduct in-depth researches and clinical trials so that exosomes can be used as a daily treatment and diagnostic tool for pancreatic cancer in the future.
Availability of data and materials
Endosomal sorting complexes required for transport
- MAP 4 K4:
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase 4
- MAP 3 K9:
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase Kinase 9
Mitogen-activated protein kinase /extracellular-signal-regulated kinase
- PTEN/ PI3Kγ:
Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog / Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase γ
- PDAC TAFs:
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tumor-associated fibroblasts
Human microvascular endothelial cell
B cell translocation gene 2
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm
Tumour Node Metastasis
Deleted in liver cancer 1
Taurine Up-Regulated 1
High Mobility Group Box 1
Small interfering RNA
Genetically engineered mouse models
Excess extracellular matrix
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This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81874040). This work was also supported by a grant from the Key Research and Developmental Program of Shandong Province (2018YFJH0505), and the Taishan Scholars Program (2019GSF108218).
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Ariston Gabriel, A.N., Wang, F., Jiao, Q. et al. The involvement of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer. Mol Cancer 19, 132 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-020-01245-y
- Pancreatic cancer | <urn:uuid:8dcf7ca8-9cbc-4f75-a064-8b753eb2af0b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://molecular-cancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12943-020-01245-y | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.875161 | 11,091 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Viorst, Judith Authors Children's Literature
This category lists pages and sites about the life and works of American author Judith Viorst (1931-), who is best known for her children's books such as Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day.
Top: Arts: Literature: Children's: Authors: V: Viorst, Judith
- Mother Doesn't Want a Dog - Complete text of Viorst\'s most popular poems for children.
- Viorst, Judith -- Educational Paperback Association - Viorst writes about her own life and career.
- Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day - A short biography of Viorst, along with her answers to authors questions about Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very authors Bad Day. Includes a link to hear Viorst read an authors excerpt from the book.
MySQL - Cache Direct | <urn:uuid:2750e142-d9f2-49cc-a36d-c7bc1ae1b7c1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.iaswww.com/apr/Arts/Literature/Children's/Authors/V/Viorst,_Judith/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00139-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.82691 | 199 | 1.789063 | 2 |
Fuel Saving Tips
For years I have understood that using neutral burns fuel to keep the car idling while rolling, and coasting in gear uses no fuel because there is complete fuel cut. I however began using the neutral method again and due to less engine friction I am able to coast much further and many times pick up speed when I would normally be slowing down, which equates to better fuel economy. My actual results when filling up are proof that using neutral does actually work better in most situations. My in-dash fuel econ reading will stay at 99.9(max) while coasting in gear OR neutral, and when in neutral it only decreases once under 10mph.
posted by RieBauer17 on September 6, 2015
this tip works for 44% of voting Fuelly members. | <urn:uuid:0a45e968-d574-4dec-8f22-d0ce9810124f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www1.fuelly.com/tips/826/Using-Neutral-when-Coasting-in-Modern-Day-Vehicles | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.9561 | 164 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Dimensionality reduction (DR) is a common preprocessing step for classification and other tasks. Learning a classifier on low-dimensional inputs is fast (though learning the DR itself may be costly). More importantly, DR can help learn a better classifier, particularly when the data does have a low-dimensional structure, and with small datasets, where DR has a regularizing effect that can help avoid overfitting. The reason is that DR can remove two types of “noise” from the input: (1) independent random noise, which is uncorrelated with the input and the label, and mostly perturbs points away from the data manifold. Simply running PCA, or other unsupervised DR algorithm, with an adequate number of components, can achieve this to some extent. (2) Unwanted degrees of freedom, which are possibly nonlinear, along which the input changes but the label does not. This more radical form of denoising requires the DR to be informed by the labels, of course, and is commonly called supervised DR.
Call the DR mapping, which takes an input and projects it to dimensions, and
the classifier, which applies to the low-dimensional vectorand produces a label , so that the overall classifier is . The great majority of supervised DR algorithms are “filter” approaches (Kohavi and John, 1998; Guyon and Elisseeff, 2003), where one first learns from the training set of pairs , fixes it, and then train on the pairs , using a standard classification algorithm as if the inputs were . An example of supervised DR is linear discriminant analysis (LDA), which learns the best linear DR in the sense of minimal intra-class scatter and maximal across-class scatter. The key in filter approaches is the design of a proxy objective function over that leads to learning a good overall classifier . Although the particulars differ among existing supervised DR methods (e.g. Belhumeur et al., 1997; Globerson and Roweis, 2006), usually they encourage to separate inputs or manifolds having different labels from each other. While this makes intuitive sense, and filter methods (and even PCA) can often do a reasonable job, it is clear that the best and are not obtained by optimizing a proxy function over and then having minimize the classification error (our real objective), but by jointly minimizing the latter over and (the “wrapper” approach). However, filter approaches (particularly using a linear DR) are far more popular than wrapper ones. With filters, the classifier is learned as usual once has been learned. With wrappers, learning and involve a considerably more difficult, nonconvex optimization, particularly with nonlinear DR, having many more parameters that are coupled with each other. At this point, an important question arises: what is the real role of (nonlinear) DR in classification, and how does it depend on the choice of mapping and of latent dimensionality ? Guided by this overall goal, the contributions of this paper are as follows. (1) We propose a simple, efficient, scalable and generic way of jointly optimizing the classifier’s loss over , and in this paper we apply it to the case where is a RBF network and a linear SVM. (2) Armed with this algorithm, we study the role of nonlinear DR in the classifier’s performance and the latent space representation, and find lessons that apply to filter design. (3) We obtain a nonlinear low-dimensional SVM classifier that achieves state-of-the-art performance while being fast at test time.
A shorter version of this work appears in a conference paper (Wang and Carreira-Perpiñán, 2014).
2 Joint optimization of mapping and classifier using auxiliary coordinates
We describe first the approach for binary classification and focus on the case where is a linear SVM. We give the multiclass case in section 2.4. Given a training set of input patterns and corresponding labels , , we want to learn a nonlinear low-dimensional classifier that optimizes the following objective:
This is the usual linear SVM objective of finding a separating hyperplane with maximum margin, but with inputs given by, which has a regularization term , where are the weights and bias of the linear SVM , and with a slack variable per point , where is a penalty parameter for the slackness. The difficulty is that the constraints are heavily nonconvex because of the nonlinear mapping . However, the problem can be significantly simplified if we use the recently introduced method of auxiliary coordinates (MAC) (Carreira-Perpiñán and Wang, 2012, 2014) for nested systems. The idea is to introduce auxiliary variables that break nested functional dependences into simpler shallow mappings and . In our case, we introduce one auxiliary vector per input pattern and define the following constrained problem, which can be proven (Carreira-Perpiñán and Wang, 2012) to be equivalent to (1):
This seems like a notational trick, but now we solve this with a quadratic-penalty method (Nocedal and Wright, 2006). We optimize the following problem for fixed penalty parameter and drive :
This defines a continuous path which, under mild assumptions, converges to a minimum of the constrained problem (2), and thus to a minimum of the original problem (1) (Carreira-Perpiñán and Wang, 2012). Although problem (3) has more parameters, all the terms are simple and partially separable. The auxiliary vector can be interpreted as a target in latent space for the mapping , but these targets are themselves coordinated with the classifier. Using alternating optimization of (3) over results in very simple, convex steps. The step is a usual RBF regression and linear SVM classification done independently from each other reusing existing, well-developed algorithms. The -step has a closed-form solution for each separately. We describe the steps next. The complete alternating optimization procedure is given in Algorithm 1.
2.1 The step
For fixed , optimizing over is just training an ordinary linear SVM with low-dimensional inputs . Much work exists on fast, scalable SVM training. We use LIBSVM (Chang and Lin, 2011). With classes, each SVM can be trained independently of the others.
2.2 The step
For fixed , optimizing over is just a regularized regression with inputs and low-dimensional outputs . So far the approach is generic over , which could be a deep net or a Gaussian process, for example, and we would use its corresponding training method within this step. However, we now focus on a special case which results in a particularly efficient step over
, and which includes linear DR as a particular case. We use radial basis function (RBF) networks, which are universal function approximators,, with Gaussian RBFs , and is a quadratic regularizer on the weights. As commonly done in practice (Bishop, 2006), we determine the centers by -means on , and then the weights have a unique solution given by a linear system. The total cost is in memory and in training time, mainly driven by setting up the linear system for (involving the Gram matrix ); solving it exactly is a negligible since in practice, which can be reduced to by using warm-starts or caching its Cholesky factor. Note we only need to run -means and factorize the linear system once and for all, since its input does not change. Thus, the -step simply involves a linear system for .
2.3 The step
For fixed , eq. (3) decouples on each , so instead of one large problem on parameters, we have independent small problems each on parameters, of the form (omitting subindex ):
where we have also included the slack variable, since we find this speeds up the alternating optimization. This is a convex quadratic program, whose closed-form solution is , where is a scalar which takes one of three possible values, and costs .
This can be seen using the KKT theorem. The Lagrangian of (4) is
where and are Lagrange multipliers for the two inequality constraints. Its KKT system is
From the first equation, the optimal lies on a line which passes through and is parallel to the normal direction of . If , we have , , and the KKT system reduces to , . We have three cases.
- Case 1
This means, if is satisfied (i.e., is classified correctly with a margin of ), we should simply set and get an objective function value of (the ideal case). This situation is demonstrated in fig. 1 (left plot).
Otherwise, we must have . The KKT system reduces to (using the relation ):
and from the first two equations we get
Substituting the above KKT conditions into the Lagrangian , we can express the dual of (4) using only as
The objective function is a concave parabola with maximum achieved at .
- Case 2
Thus if , the optimum of (4) is achieved by , , and .
- Case 3
Otherwise the optimum of (4) is achieved by , , and .
2.4 Formulation for the multiclass problem
Let be the number of classes. There are several ways to construct a classifier for classes. We use the one-vs-all scheme, which has been shown to perform as well as any other variants of multiclass SVM (Rifkin and Klautau, 2004), and which gives rise to a simpler step. In the one-vs-all scheme we have binary SVMs, each of which is trained to classify whether a point belongs to some class or not. The decision function on a test point is , i.e., the final label is determined by the SVM with the largest decision value. The objective in (1) is replaced by the sum of the SVMs’ objective functions. In the -step, we solve for each point a quadratic program of the following form (omitting subindex ):
where is the th SVM’s penalty parameter for the hinge loss and is the slack variable of the th SVM (associated with the point in consideration). This quadratic program contains variables and inequality constraints. Since the size of this problem is typically not large, we use an active set algorithm for solving it (as implemented in Matlab’s Optimization Toolbox). For the binary case, there exists only one SVM and the problem has a closed-form solution, as shown before.
It is also possible to use the one-vs-one scheme. With classes, we have binary SVMs, each trained on each pair of classes. The decision function on a test point is given by majority vote (i.e., the classifier that wins more times). This has a lower training time but a higher test time. Also, the one-vs-one scheme involves a little more bookkeeping in the step than the one-vs-all scheme. To see this, take for example classes. The one-vs-all scheme uses 10 SVMs, and, in the step, each data point is involved in all 10 SVMs, either as positive or negative example. The one-vs-one scheme uses 45 SVMs, and each point is involved in only 9 of them.
2.5 Summary and practicalities
Jointly optimizing the classification error over and becomes iterating simple convex subproblems: RBF regression, linear SVM and a closed-form update for . Remarkably, we do not require any involved gradient computation, but simply reuse existing techniques for training and efficiently. Thus, although the problem (1) is nonconvex and has multiple local optima, the algorithm is deterministic given its initialization. We run the algorithm from an initial
. We observe that, given reasonable hyperparameters, even random values work well (section3.1 shows how to construct a near-optimal initial ). In the first 1–2 iterations, the quickly reorganize in latent space, and they only get refined afterwards so as to enlarge the margin and reduce the bias. We use a initial value of for the quadratic penalty parameter and increase it times when the alternating scheme converges for fixed . We use early stopping, by exiting the iteration when the error in a validation set does not change or goes up. This helps to improve generalization and is faster: we observe a few iterations suffice, because each step updates very large, decoupled blocks of variables, and we need not drive or achieve convergence. The hyperparameters are the usual ones: , , for the RBF mapping , and for the SVM , and can be determined by cross-validation.
Our algorithm affords massive parallelization and is suitable for large scale learning. The -step (a regression problem) decouples over latent dimensions, the -step (one-versus-all SVM) decouples over classes, and the -step decouples over training samples. Indeed, our experiments show linear speedups with multiple processors.
The form of our final classifier is where , and the sign of gives the label. The number of parameters (weights and centers) is and the runtime for a test point is .
We explore three questions across a range of datasets: the role of dimension reduction on the classification error and the latent space representation; the performance of our classifier, compared to the state-of-the-art; and the training speed of our algorithm.
3.1 The role of dimension reduction
The ideal nonlinear dimensionality reduction + linear classifier
Given that the classifier is linear, consider the ideal case where is infinitely flexible and can represent any desirable mapping from to dimensions. Then, a perfect wrapper classifier can be achieved by having map all the inputs having the same label to a point , and then locating the class centroids in such that they are linearly separable and have maximum margin. How this can be achieved depends on the dimension . With , only classes may be linearly separable. With , all classes are linearly separable if placing the centroids on the vertices of a regular -polygon; however, this leads to a small margin as grows. In , this generalizes to placing the centroids maximally apart on a hypersphere. However, when , the margin cannot be further improved, because the points span a space of dimensions, specifically a regular simplex, which provides linear separability and maximum margin. Is this ideal actually realized?
We investigate this question experimentally. The dataset in fig. 2 contains two spirals, each has samples and defines a class. We change the flexibility of to see what latent representations are obtained. We try a linear DR and a RBF DR with varying number of basis functions ( centers uniformly sampled from the training set) while keeping the other hyperparameters fixed.
We observe the following from the projections shown in fig. 2. (1) Since the dataset is not linearly separable, the two classes overlap severely in the latent space for linear (first column). (2) We see from the latent representations (shown in the second row) that, the more flexible is, the more classes collapse and training samples from different classes are pushed far apart (especially if using all training samples as RBFs centers). Thus, they are easily separated by with a big margin (so the nearest neighbor classifier would do very well here). Thus, the overall classifier is capable of solving linearly non-separable problems given sufficient BFs. (3) To achieve a perfect classification, we need only a few basis functions ( more than suffice here). (4) The projections approximately form a line, implying that is enough to separate two classes.
Relation between the latent dimensionality and the number of classes
We now study the role of the latent dimension , the number of classes and the geometric configuration of the latent projections. We vary in the spirals dataset from to , with samples in each spiral, and run our algorithm with being nonparametric RBFs and , fixing other hyperparameters at reasonable values. Fig. 3 shows the classification results and projections. We find we do not always obtain a perfect classification using only dimensions for the one-vs-all SVMs. Instead, we find a common behavior for different : the classification performance improves drastically as increases in the beginning, and then stabilizes after some critical , by which time the training samples are perfectly separated. This is because once the classes are separable in , they can also be (more easily) separable in higher dimensions with more degrees of freedom to arrange them. We observe in this experiment that, typically with dimensions, the classes all form a point-like cluster and approximately lie on vertices of a regular simplex, with zero classification error (decision boundaries shown in the first column). This gives a recipe to choose : starting from , increase until the classification error does not improve. It also gives a recipe to initialize , namely to the ideal configuration of centroids located in the corners of a simplex, so all the from the same class are set to the centroid of that class. Comparing this experimentally with random initial , we observe that the simplex-based leads to much faster convergence (usually 1 iteration), although interestingly the quality of the minimum found is similar to that of the random initial .
In summary, these results are in approximate agreement with our ideal prediction, although in practice, the extent to which collapses classes depends on the number of basis functions. The more BFs, the more flexible is and the closer the latent projections are to centroids in a maximally linearly separable arrangement as described above, and this behavior arises from the joint optimization of DR and classifier. Note that finding an that maps a set of points to the same point is trivial: it is constant. But what we seek is an that maps each class’ points to the class centroid. This is a piecewise constant mapping which is much harder to learn.
: mean test error rate over 10 splits (standard deviation in parenthesis).Right: projections by different algorithms.
3.2 Comparison with other classifiers
We compare with directly applying a nearest neighbor classifier (NN) and linear (LSVM) or Gaussian kernel SVMs (GSVM) on the original inputs, with unsupervised DR methods PCA/Gaussian Kernel PCA (KPCA) followed by nearest neighbor, and with filter approaches such as LDA/KLDA (Gaussian kernel) followed by nearest neighbor. Hyperparameters for these algorithms (kernel width for kernel SVM, KPCA, and KLDA, penalty parameter for SVMs) are chosen by grid search on a separate validation set. In our algorithm, we initialize randomly.
Document binary classification
We pick two classes from the newsgroup dataset (comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware and comp.sys.mac.hardware), remove words appearing in or fewer documents, reduce the dimension to , and then extract the TFIDF features. We further reduce the input dimension to with PCA (keeping
of the variance). For evaluation purposes, we createdifferent / splits of the training items into training and validation set. For each split, we let all algorithms pick the optimal hyperparameters based on validation error, and evaluate the optimal models on the test set. Due to the high dimensionality and scarcity of samples, we use linear for this problem (we did try RBFs for and obtained similar results). We also run Large Margin Nearest Neighbor (LMNN; Weinberger and Saul, 2009), a metric learning algorithm, with the recommended number of target neighbors . We report the mean and standard deviation of test error rates over 10 splits for all methods in fig. 4(left).
Our classification performance is quite robust to the choice of , although in general more dimensions may bring a little improvement in the error rate at higher computational cost. We thus fix the latent dimensions to be for other methods. The results show that using class information in dimensionality reduction is superior to not using it (e.g. PCA), and we outperform others consistently with different . Fig. 4(right) shows the 2D projections of several algorithms, where supervised DR algorithms manage to separate the classes and PCA does not.
MNIST odd/even classification
We perform a binary classification task of discriminating odd digits () from the even digits () on the MNIST benchmark. We vary the training set size to be , , , , , , , and , including equal number of images randomly sampled for each digit. We use in all cases a balanced validation set of images from which we pick optimal hyperparameters for all methods. The MNIST test set ( samples) is used for evaluating the classification performance. Since this dataset is likely not linearly separable (as can be inferred from the error rate of the linear SVM), we fix the dimension of our latent space to be , and use nonparametric RBFs for . We compare our algorithm with nonlinear DR algorithms KPCA () and KLDA (). We also explore a two-step approach of using linear DR (PCA/LDA) followed by a Gaussian SVM. We cross-validate for PCA, while LDA uses .
Figure 5 (top) shows the test errors of all methods over different training set sizes. On the original inputs, our algorithm and KLDA (given very fine grid search for optimal kernel width) perform the best. Their clear advantage over KPCA demonstrates again that class information should be incorporated in DR. We expect our model to have a regularization effect and improve generalization more in smaller training sets. Indeed, we find that we improve over the nearest neighbor classifier (known to achieve near optimal error for large training sets; Duda et al., 2001) most for - training samples. Fig. 5(bottom) shows the 2D projection of the training set of samples obtained by KPCA and our algorithm. The classes are perfectly separated by our algorithm but not by KPCA, which uses no label information.
Due to the limited power of its DR mapping, LDA+Gaussian SVM performs poorly. PCA+Gaussian SVM performs well (slightly better than our algorithm on original inputs), though only at a much larger (around 40). We hypothesize this is because PCA is able to remove some noise that is not learned by us from the inputs. We then trained our algorithm on the PCA projection, further reducing the dimension to , and obtained consistently better accuracy (shown in fig. 5 as PCA+Ours).
error[b]error rate (%)
size[B]training set size ()
We now consider the problem of classifying the digit classes of MNIST. We randomly sample images for training and for validation. The original test set is used for evaluating different algorithms. We were not able to run KPCA and KLDA because the naive implementation of these algorithms requires a huge memory space to store the kernel matrix of
and solve a dense eigenvalue problem. Our algorithm usesBFs with centers chosen by -means.
We searched hyperparameters as follows in order to avoid unnecessary regions of the hyperparameter space. We first do a careful grid search for the kernel width and penalty parameter for the Gaussian SVM. The optimal kernel width () is also used as the RBF kernel width of . Then
centers are chosen by K-means as RBF basis centers. The regularization parameterof is fixed to based on experiments on a much smaller training set (there exists a wide range of for which our method works well). Thus we only search for the penalty parameter of , which is common to all SVMs, chosen from .
We again explored the approach of PCA/LDA+Gaussian SVM as in the other MNIST experiment and obtained a similar result: LDA ()+Gaussian SVM performs poorly; PCA+Gaussian SVM performs well at a relatively larger . We trained our model on the PCA projection, further reduced the dimension to , and obtained similar performance with much fewer basis functions.
As happened in the case of binary classification, starting from a random initialization, the projections reorganize quickly in the latent space and are well classified after a few iterations.
Fig. 6(top left) shows the test error rates and the total number of support vectors (from the Gaussian SVMs)/basis functions used in each algorithm. Our accuracy is similar to that of the kernel SVM but with times fewer basis functions, obtaining a large speedup in testing time. We have again explored the approach of PCA/LDA+Gaussian SVM as in the previous experiment and obtained a similar result: LDA ()+Gaussian SVM performs poorly; PCA+Gaussian SVM performs well at a relatively larger . We train our model on the PCA projection, further reduce the dimension to , and obtain similar performance with much fewer basis.
Fig. 6(bottom left) shows the performance of our algorithm using different values of the latent dimension . Our error rates decrease quickly as increases at first. After , it already does pretty well, and the performance does not change much for . We conjectured previously that the optimal latent configuration would be to arrange different classes on the vertices of a regular simplex. The projections achieved by our algorithm in fig. 6(bottom right) agree with that. Since we use PCA to visualize in 2D the latent representations lying in dimensions, some classes appear to overlap, but they are all completely separated, as can be seen by using other 2D views.
3.3 Training runtime: comparison with alternating optimization without
We compared our three-step alternating optimization scheme with a two-step alternating optimization scheme over only and , which optimizes the original problem (1) directly, where is a RBF network and a linear SVM. We are much faster in terms of both progress in objective function and actual runtime. The following experiment shows this in the MNIST odd/even classification problem for the case of training samples. To minimize the nested objective function in eq. (1), the two-step algorithm alternates a -step which solves a linear SVM on and an -step that optimizes over the weights of by solving a quadratic program. Since the latent dimensionality is set to , there are weight parameters in the quadratic program, which we solve by calling the interior point solver of the CVX package (Grant and Boyd, 2012). Fig. 6(middle) shows the nested objective function value versus iteration number during training. The time spent per iteration for our algorithm is about of that of alternating minimization. Therefore, the combined runtime of our and steps is significantly lower than that of the step of alternating minimization, and besides our step has a closed-form solution. Further, a few iterations of our algorithm suffice to find a near-optimal solution (with a small bias that continues to be eliminated as the penalty parameter is increased), while the progress of alternating minimization is hopelessly slow.
If instead of a RBF network, which is linear in the parameters of , we used a model which is nonlinear in the parameters (such as neural net), the gains of our algorithm would be even larger. The reason is that, in our algorithm, the nonlinearity over is confined to the -step in the form of a standard least-squares regression problem (section 2.2), thanks to the use of the auxiliary coordinates . Regression problems are well-studied and can be solved with efficient algorithms for many classes of functions . In the direct optimization over , this nonlinearity is embedded in the constraints of (1), which is harder to deal with.
3.4 Parallel processing
We also ran a simple parallel version of our algorithm in the MNIST 10-classes problem. This solves in parallel for the SVMs in the -step, and for the coordinates of all training points in the -step (within each respective step, all these problems are independent). Given that our code is in Matlab, we used the Matlab Parallel Processing Toolbox. The programming effort is insignificant: all we do is replace the “for” loop over SVMs (in the -step) or over data points (in the -step) with a “parfor” loop. Matlab then sends each iteration of the loop to a different processor. We ran this in a shared-memory multiprocessor machine111An Aberdeen Stirling 148 computer having 4 physical CPUs (Intel Xeon CPU L7555@ 1.87GHz), each with 8 individual processing cores (thus a total of 32 actual processors), and a total RAM size of 64 GB., using up to 12 processors (a limit imposed by our Matlab license). We obtain an impressive speedup of up to times, as shown in fig. 6(bottom right). Even larger speedups may be possible if using other parallel computation models, since the Matlab Parallel Processing Toolbox is quite inefficient.
Our algorithm illuminates the behavior of filter approaches. Such approaches optimize a proxy objective function constructed from over and then learn the classifier by optimizing the classification error constructed from over . This is like our - and -steps, but, firstly, it uses the “wrong” objective for , and, secondly, without the coordination through the variables, the process cannot be iterated to converge to a minimum of the joint problem. We can then view our algorithm as a corrected, iterated filter approach. Since in practice it converges in a few iterations, its cost is just a little larger, but one need not introduce a proxy objective and yet obtains a true (local) minimum. Thus, we learn the following two lessons: (1) if we want to use a filter , the ideal filter would consist of mapping the inputs to class centroids located on the corners of a simplex in latent space; (2) we do not really need a filter approach, because we can train the optimal, wrapper approach nearly as efficiently and simply.
The role of dimensionality reduction in linear classification
Being able to find true optima of the classification error allowed us to study the role of nonlinear DR as a preprocessing step for linear classification. With an ideally flexible DR mapping , the best possible preprocessing is precisely to remove all variation that is unrelated to the class label, including variation within a manifold—an extreme form of denoising. The input domains are “denoised” so they collapse to nearly zero-dimensional regions. In practice, belongs to a certain function class (given by the choice of model and number of parameters), and the ideal where classes collapse is only approached, but is clearly there. Using a latent space of dimensions is theoretically sufficient but, with a limited , using up to helps to improve the separation. Note that collapsing classes requires a genuinely nonlinear DR. The problem formulation of eq. (1) does not explicitly seek to collapse classes, but this behavior emerges anyway from the assumption of low-dimensional representation, if trained jointly with the classifier. Thus, rather than making the classifier work hard to approximate a possibly complex decision boundary, we help it by moving the data around in latent space so the boundary is simpler.
This clashes with the widely held view that a good supervised DR method should produce representations (often visualized in 2D) where the manifold structure of each class is displayed. In fact, with an optimal DR the entire manifold will collapse. This is different from unsupervised DR, where we do want to extract informative features that tell us something about the data variability; and from supervised regression, where only some of the input dimensions should be collapsed (those which do not alter the output).
SVMs and kernel learning
Our method and kernel SVMs can be seen as constructing a classifier as an expansion in basis functions , with BFs in our case and support vectors for the SVM. The SVMs do this nonparametrically, at the cost of constructing an kernel matrix and solving the corresponding problem, which is expensive—although much research work has sought to approximate this (Schölkopf and Smola, 2001) and reduce the number of SVs (Bi et al., 2003). The basis functions are given by the kernel, which is selected by the user, and the space they implicitly map to is typically infinite-dimensional. The number of SVs is not set by the user but comes out automatically and can be quite large in practice. Our method is a parametric approach, where the user can set the number of BFs , and the mapping (in this paper, an RBF mapping) maps to a low-dimensional space. The result is a competitive nonlinear classifier, with scalable training and efficient at test time. Having as a user parameter also allows a simple, direct way for the user to trade off test runtime for accuracy, which is crucial in real-time problems, such as embedded systems, where a typical SVM classifier is too computationally demanding in both memory required to store the SVs and in runtime. As shown in our experiments, we can obtain a classification error comparable to the kernel SVM with , thus much faster.
It is possible to train a linear SVM by learning and directly given fixed basis functions , but this achieves a worse classification error, and does not do DR, as we seek. Our low-dimensional classifier can be seen as a special regularization structure on the classifier’s weights , where and are regularized separately. This effect is more pronounced in the multiclass case since each one-vs-all SVM interacts with the same DR mapping . If using a different functional form for (e.g. deep nets), this resemblance with kernel SVMs disappears.
Our model can also be seen as learning a “low-dimensional kernel”, since we pass a pair of latent vectors to the linear SVM kernel, rather than applying a kernel directly to the high-dimensional inputs. If is a linear DR mapping (no need for bias in latent space) then this becomes a form of metric learning with SVMs, using a low-rank metric .
5 Related work
Filter approaches typically learn a DR mapping using the inputs and label information first, and then fit a classifier to the latent projections and labels . They are quite popular due to the ease of optimization, but they rely on the choice of objective function for the filter. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA; Belhumeur et al., 1997) and its kernel version KLDA (Mika et al., 1999) look for a transformation of the inputs such that, in the latent space, the within-class scatter is minimized while the between-class scatter is maximized. The solution for can be obtained by solving an eigenvalue problem. These two algorithms can only produce up to latent dimensions for a -class problem, due to the singularity of the between-class scatter matrix. Among other variations, Sugiyama (2007) modify LDA to work for manifold data, but the projection mapping is linear, and Urtasun and Darrell (2007)
derive a prior distribution from LDA in latent space and use it for a GPLVM to achieve DR, and the latent representation is then fed to a Gaussian process classifier. A clear disadvantage of filter approaches is the heuristic nature of the objective for DR, which acts as a proxy for classification, and is therefore not optimal for the classifier learned afterwards. As we showed, a good filter objective would be to collapse all classes and place them in the corners of a simplex.
are closely related to DR for classification. Their goal is to find a Mahalanobis metric (or equivalently a linear transform) in input space such that samples in the same class are projected nearby in latent space while samples from different classes are pushed far apart. One achieves DR if the metric is low-rank. However, most metric learning algorithms first solve a positive semidefinite program without rank constraints, and then do a low-rank approximation of the learned Mahalanobis matrix to enforce dimensional reduction, thus the optimality of the projection is no longer guaranteed.
There also exist several wrapper approaches that train the DR mapping jointly with a classifier in a unified objective function. Pereira and Gordon (2006) (further generalized by Rish et al., 2008) use an objective function that combines the approximation error of the inputs using SVD and the hinge loss from applying a linear SVM to the coordinates, so that the representation extracted this way will be good for classification. This is closely related to supervised dictionary learning (Yang et al., 2012), only that the bias (approximation error) always exists in the model. Also, in this model the latent projections are an implicit function of the inputs, i.e., to project a new input, one needs to solve a optimization problem using learned basis. In contrast, our is an explicit mapping, directly applicable to test samples. Ji and Ye (2009) directly minimize the hinge loss of a SVM that operates on linearly transformed inputs (therefore it is a nested error, similar to us). They apply alternating optimization over both mappings. Due to the linearity of and , they are able to solve for in the dual and solve for using SVD. This would not be possible in general if has a different nonlinear form, unlike in our algorithm. Also, the SVD solution of limits the maximum meaningful latent dimension to the number of classes. In contrast with these approaches, our algorithm is bias free, works with any , and trains a nonlinear DR mapping fast.
Auxiliary variables were used previously for unsupervised dimensionality reduction (Carreira-Perpiñán and Lu, 2008, 2010) and regression (Wang and Carreira-Perpiñán, 2012). But the unconstrained objective function defined there, while jointly optimized over a dimension reduction mapping and a regressor , differs from a true wrapper objective function, and results in optima for the combined mapping that are biased.
We have proposed an efficient algorithm to train a nonlinear low-dimensional classifier jointly over the nonlinear DR mapping and the classifier (a wrapper approach). The algorithm is easy to implement, reuses existing regression and SVM procedures, and parallelizes well. The resulting classifier achieves state-of-the-art classification error with a small number of basis functions, which can be tuned by the user. The algorithm can be seen as an iterated filter approach with provable convergence to a local minimum of the joint objective. This justifies filter approaches that use a secondary criterion over the DR mapping such as class separability or intra-class scatter in an effort to construct a good classifier, but also obviates them, since one can ensure to get the best low-dimensional classifier (under the model assumptions) with just a little more computation.
Our experiments illuminate the role of nonlinear DR in linear classification. If we optimize the classification error—the figure of merit one really cares about—jointly over the projection mapping and the classifier, the best DR in fact erases all structure (manifold and otherwise) in the input other than class membership, and uses the latent space to place collapsed classes in such a way that they are maximally linearly separable. Future work should analyze the role of DR with nonlinear classifiers.
Our algorithm generalizes beyond the specific forms of DR mapping and classifier used here, and we are exploring other combinations. In particular, one can replace the DR mapping with a complex feature-extraction mapping that can handle invariances, such as convolutional neural nets, and jointly optimize this and the classifier.
Work funded in part by NSF CAREER award IIS–0754089.
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- Yang et al. (2012) J. Yang, Z. Wang, Z. Lin, X. Shu, and T. Huang. Bilevel sparse coding for coupled feature spaces. In Proc. of the 2012 IEEE Computer Society Conf. Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR’12), pages 2360–2367, Providence, RI, June 16–21 2012. | <urn:uuid:fa84ff56-d15b-4e44-a6ef-8ba9a6d90e07> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://deepai.org/publication/the-role-of-dimensionality-reduction-in-linear-classification | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.887918 | 10,455 | 2.609375 | 3 |
The Getty Presents The Art of David Tudor: Indeterminacy and Performance in Postwar Culture
Free symposium and performances on May 17, 18, 19. Sponsored by the Getty Research Institute in collaboration with the California Institute of the Arts School of Music.
May 7, 2001
Los Angeles--The Art of David Tudor: Indeterminacy and Performance in Postwar Culture, a collaboration of the Getty Research Institute and the California Institute of the Arts (CalArts) School of Music, is the first international symposium to celebrate American musical pioneer David Tudor (1926-1996). Commemorating the 75th anniversary of Tudor's birth, the symposium includes opening events and the re-creation of Tudor's Rainforest IV sound sculpture installation at CalArts on May 17. The Getty Research Institute, which holds extensive Tudor archives, sponsors the symposium and related concerts on May 18 and 19. All events are free and open to the public, but advance reservations are required for those taking place at the Getty.
Known as a pianist and experimental composer of live electronic music, Tudor worked closely with John Cage, Merce Cunningham, Morton Feldman, Bill Viola, and Christian Wolff. His work was the catalyst for some of the most significant artistic innovations of the postwar period: indeterminacy (compositions with notational symbols rather than specific notes and sounds to guide performance); graphic notation (symbols to create a suggestive visualization of sound for the performer); and live electronic music performance.
The Tudor symposium is the culminating event in a series of three Getty Research Institute conferences this spring that focused on American avant-garde artists of the 1960s. David Tudor, like Andy Warhol, Harry Smith, and other artists whose pioneering work was addressed in the Getty's highly popular and critically acclaimed "Media Pop" and "Harry Smith" symposia, broke through artistic barriers to influence many aspects of contemporary art and music. Together, these conferences--featuring artists, scholars, authors, filmmakers, critics, and musicians--offer Los Angeles a dynamic forum for discussion and performance.
The Getty Research Institute is the repository of David Tudor's complete archives, including rare and unknown piano scores, performance materials, correspondence, and audiotapes that provide the departure point for the collaborative symposium and performances. "Scholars and artists can draw on our collections as the centerpiece for new interpretations of Tudor's art and explore its influence on contemporary directions in virtuosity, mixed media, and performance installation," says Nancy Perloff, collections curator of manuscripts and archives at the Research Institute.
During the symposium, an international group of scholars, composers, and art historians will use the Getty collections to analyze Tudor's methods of interpretation and composition, his collaboration with visual artists and composers, and his relation to the postwar American and European avant-gardes.
As part of the Tudor collaboration, the opening events at the CalArts School of Music on Thursday, May 17, 7-10:30 p.m., will feature the installation of Rainforest IV, an electroacoustic environment/sound sculpture that was conceived by Tudor in 1973. The CalArts presentation is realized through the cooperation of two performing groups: Composers Inside Electronics which includes John D.S. Adams, Paul DeMarinis, John Driscoll, Ralph Jones, Ron Kuivila, Matt Rogalsky, and Bill Viola; and a collective of CalArts composers and performers directed by Mark Trayle. From 8 to 9:30 p.m., a "Panel of David Tudor's Friends and Collaborators" will include composers Gordon Mumma, Pauline Oliveros, and Christian Wolff; visual artist Jackie Monnier; and electrical engineer Billy Klüver, in a conversation moderated by Jean Rigg.
On Friday and Saturday, May 18-19, from 9:30 a.m. to 5 p.m., the symposium moves to the Getty Museum Lecture Hall for the presentation of papers and discussion. On continuous display in the Harold M. Williams Auditorium lobby will be filmmaker Molly Davies' six-channel DVD installation of David Tudor performing his Soundings: Ocean Diary with the Merce Cunningham Dance Company in Amsterdam in 1994.
On each day of the symposium, a free evening concert featuring music composed by Tudor or written for him will be held in the Harold M. Williams Auditorium. The programs will highlight little-known piano pieces in Tudor's oeuvre and two live electronics works in performances by CalArts music faculty Vicki Ray, David Rosenboom, and Mark Trayle, joined by composer Ron Kuivila.
"We are excited to be collaborating with CalArts on the David Tudor symposium," comments Tom Crow, director of the Getty Research Institute. "As we work together to break down boundaries and advance artistic understanding, the combination of the Tudor archives at the Getty and the creative resources of CalArts offers an invaluable opportunity to explore Tudor's art, interpret its impact, and share these discoveries."
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About the Getty:
The J. Paul Getty Trust is an international cultural and philanthropic institution devoted to the visual arts that features the Getty Conservation Institute, the Getty Foundation, the J. Paul Getty Museum, and the Getty Research Institute. The J. Paul Getty Trust and Getty programs serve a varied audience from two locations: the Getty Center in Los Angeles and the Getty Villa in Malibu.
Sign up for e-Getty at www.getty.edu/subscribe to receive free monthly highlights of events at the Getty Center and the Getty Villa via e-mail, or visit our event calendar for a complete calendar of public programs. | <urn:uuid:216eb021-0d6b-42d5-b3f4-6a435a94d24d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://getty.edu/news/press/public/tudor.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00284-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.913833 | 1,188 | 1.804688 | 2 |
By Nicoletta Pappas
After a three and a half hour drive, our shaky, red coach bus pulls into the compound of the North Florida Evaluation and Treatment Center (NFETC). Members of Dr. Krahl’s abnormal behavior in criminology class groggily wake from their slumber, realizing they have finally arrived at their destination. Wiping the sleep from my eyes, I exit the bus. I did not know what to expect entering one of Florida’s secure mental health facilities. Run by the Department of Children and Families, the NFETC is only one of the state-run treatment centers that focuses on helping men who are deemed legally insane or not fit to stand trial regain competency. A tremendous amount of therapy, manpower and counseling goes into returning these men to competency. During our visit, the NFETC staff explained to us that due to continuing budget cuts, mental health center employees have found their jobs to be increasingly difficult. The centers do not have access to up-to-date resources, while other states do. More budgeting should be allocated by Florida legislators to increase staff, update technology and improve employee pay and benefits. Without this, safety of the staff, the patients, and even the community could be at risk.
Individuals with mental disorders require an increased amount of care and therapy. They are occasionally difficult to reason with, something that is made nearly impossible when they do not take their medication. Because of America’s deinstitutionalization in the 1960s, long-term mental health institutions were defunded and the mental health population was thrown out onto the street, causing the homeless population to skyrocket. Long-term facilities were replaced with small state-run treatment centers, but these treatment centers were sparsely available to the majority of people that needed it. Without homes, money, and treatment, these individuals are unable to properly follow laws and, as a result, are getting into trouble. They are locked up after repeated offenses and according to the Department of Justice, represent 15-20% of the jail and prison population.
The problem in Florida is that every year, the legislature continually cuts the budget for these state-run facilities, but increases the requirements of the staff. The NFETC staff informed me that in 2011, the NFETC had a 19% decrease in their budget, causing them to decrease their staff from more than 20%. While these cuts were taking place, the central office was requiring treatment teams to establish competency in individuals in less and less time. This means that each person had to speed up the competency process and decrease the amount of adequate treatment each patient was receiving. In the matter of a few years, the central office for NFETC decreased its time to restore competency by 20 days. It may not seem a lot to us, but to those who are dealing with a major disorder like schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, every day of treatment and required medications makes a world of difference.
Forensic mental health services are like turning tables in a popular restaurant that is short staffed. Because of the budget cuts, staff at mental health facilities are so overwhelmed they can only focus on how to get the patient back into the community as quickly as possible.
Staff members at the NFETC find themselves putting on “four hats” when it comes to doing different jobs. NFETC can house around 200 people, but is only running on about two-thirds of their capacity level because it does not have enough staff to maintain the men. One treatment team made up of counsellors, psychologists, psychiatrists and nurses is responsible for up to 45 men. Doctors are short-staffed and there are not enough nurses for the needs that must be met. This is a disadvantage for the patient and Florida communities because patients are not able to receive all the treatment they need, heightening their risk of reoffending.
Last week the Tampa Bay Times released a three-part exposé on the increase in violence and decaying conditions in Florida mental health facilities. They described how staff is becoming careless in their treatment, leading to increased deaths of patients and loss of important treatment information. They based their research on staff and past patient interviews, along with facility incident reports. What the Times fails to notice are extraneous variables that affect the staff’s ability to work. Members of the NFETC team explained that it is difficult writing and organizing reports. They have no centralized electronic record system and do most of their reports by hand. Written reports become a problem when other clinicians can’t read previous staff’s handwriting, which results in loss of important information. Mental health facilities like NFETC are also at a disadvantage when it comes to recruiting. When a vacancy opens in their staff, they do not have the funds to hire a qualified psychology or public health major because their yearly salary is too low, and students need to pay off loans. This leads to less experienced staff members dealing with mentally ill patients having no hands-on knowledge on how to care for them.
What Florida needs is a change. The state is 49th out of 50 states for quality of mental health treatment, spending a whopping thirty-six dollars per person on mental health treatment, according to the National Association of State Mental Health Program Directors Research Institute. Florida is the only American state that does not have an electronic mental health system along with the American territory of Guam. Members of the Florida legislature need to step up and realize the problem. Allowing state-run mental health facilities like NFETC to hire more qualified staff members and possibly give a grant to pay back student loans would increase the quality of care. More staff members would allow them to focus on actual treatment instead of a constant time constraint. The mental health community would benefit as well as the regular community. If all the other 48 states can do it, why can’t we? | <urn:uuid:c62e151d-30cd-43f1-844a-c7821890e0b3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://theminaretonline.com/2015/11/11/floridas-mental-health-facilities-need-more-funding/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00474-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972545 | 1,199 | 2.0625 | 2 |
THE Penang Institute has revealed that approximately 76.5% of Penangites consider themselves happy under its latest happiness index.
The Happiness in Penang (HIP) Index 2020/2021 is a survey carried out by the state think tank every two to three years to measure the wellbeing of the people of Penang.
The survey, which is the first of its kind in the state, involved 3,011 respondents that took place from October 2020 until April 2021.
The data collected from the survey focusing on the sentiments and life satisfaction of Penang citizens. The results were then used for calculating the HIP Index.
Penang Institute chief operating officer Ong Siou Woon said the entire survey was done by senior analysts under Penang Institute’s Socio Economics and Statistics programme, namely Yeong Pey Jung and Dr Negin Vaghefi.
Dr Negin said the HIP Index comprises four domains, namely Freedom and Governance, Economic Wellbeing, Environmental Sustainability, Liveability and Social Wellbeing.
She said each domain also has its own indicators.
“For the domain of Freedom and Governance, the indicators are political freedom, community and civic participation, religious/cultural/spiritual freedom, freedom of speech, fundamentals human rights and governance.
“Economic Wellbeing domain consists of income and salaries, household expenditure, financial security, asset ownership, employment opportunities, social and economic mobility.
“Meanwhile for Environmental Sustainability, the indicators are environmental conservation, environmental issues and awareness, environmental policies and eco-friendly behaviours.
“Lastly for Liveability and Social Wellbeing, the indicators are housing, family and community wellbeing, culture and heritage, safety and security, cleanliness, urban connectivity, digital connectivity, health, wellbeing and quality of life,” said Dr Negin during the report presentation of HIP Index at Penang Institute today.
According to Dr Negin, while 76.5% of Penang citizens consider themselves happy, the remaining 23.5% are seen as not-yet-happy.
“Of the not-yet-happy people, 13.5% are narrowly happy while nearly 10% are unhappy.
“To break it down per domain, for Freedom and Governance, about 78.2% of people in Penang are happy. The remaining 8.6% are narrowly happy and 13.2% are unhappy.
“However, the percentage is higher for the domain of Economic Wellbeing, with 79.1% respondents identified as happy, 11.5% narrowly happy and 9.4% are unhappy.
“Meanwhile, the domain of Environmental Sustainability saw the lowest percentage of happiness, at 76.1%, 14.6% narrowly happy and 9.3% unhappy.
“And the highest percentage goes to the domain of Liveability and Social Wellbeing that recorded 79.3%, 7.7% narrowly happy and 13.0% unhappy.
“Each domain and its respective indicators also make different contributions to the overall happiness of Penangites, illustrating that happiness, satisfaction and sufficiency are subjective to each individual, and not clearly based on material factors alone.
“In that sense, the HIP Index provides a nuanced picture and reflects experienced life satisfaction in Penang,” she added.
Ong said the HIP Index would be used for comparison with future similar surveys to be carried out by Penang Institute.
“The next survey in this series will begin in the first quarter of next year.
“Meanwhile, the final report, including the details on the HIP Index, will be made available in December next month on the Penang Institute website.
“However, the public can view the booklet about the report at https://penanginstitute.org/publications/reports-and-papers/reports/happiness-in-penang-index/ ,” she added.
Story and pix by Riadz Akmal | <urn:uuid:ca268d2e-9d35-448a-bcd4-79f613a8949d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.buletinmutiara.com/76-5-of-penangites-happy-says-think-tank-survey-on-happiness-index/?fbclid=IwAR39bN5WVNxdlJcegNkz-Niy6tvvyIfYpWoaXS_JPvzS_aCcrg9XK_mSMnc | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.939147 | 819 | 1.953125 | 2 |
Caleb Plummer and his Blind Daughter lived all alone by themselves, as the Story-books say — and my blessing, with yours to back it I hope, on the Story-books, for saying anything in this workaday world! — Caleb Plummer and his Blind Daughter lived all alone by themselves, in a little cracked nutshell of a wooden house, which was, in truth, no better than a pimple on the prominent red-brick nose of Gruff and Tackleton. The premises of Gruff and Tackleton were the great feature of the street; but you might have knocked down Caleb Plummer’s dwelling with a hammer or two, and carried off the pieces in a cart.
If any one had done the dwelling-house of Caleb Plummer the honour to miss it after such an inroad, it would have been, no doubt, to commend its demolition as a vast improvement. It stuck to the premises of Gruff and Tackleton, like a barnacle to a ship’s keel, or a snail to a door, or a little bunch of toadstools to the stem of a tree.
But, it was the germ from which the full-grown trunk of Gruff and Tackleton had sprung; and, under its crazy roof, the Gruff before last, had, in a small way, made toys for a generation of old boys and girls, who had played with them, and found them out, and broken them, and gone to sleep.
I have said that Caleb and his poor Blind Daughter lived here. I should have said that Caleb lived here, and his poor Blind Daughter somewhere else — in an enchanted home of Caleb’s furnishing, where scarcity and shabbiness were not, and trouble never entered. Caleb was no sorcerer, but in the only magic art that still remains to us, the magic of devoted, deathless love, Nature had been the mistress of his study; and from her teaching, all the wonder came.
The Blind Girl never knew that ceilings were discoloured, walls blotched and bare of plaster here and there, high crevices unstopped and widening every day, beams mouldering and tending downward. The Blind Girl never knew that iron was rusting, wood rotting, paper peeling off; the size, and shape, and true proportion of the dwelling, withering away. The Blind Girl never knew that ugly shapes of delf and earthenware were on the board; that sorrow and faintheartedness were in the house; that Caleb’s scanty hairs were turning greyer and more grey, before her sightless face. The Blind Girl never knew they had a master, cold, exacting, and uninterested — never knew that Tackleton was Tackleton in short; but lived in the belief of an eccentric humourist who loved to have his jest with them, and who, while he was the Guardian Angel of their lives, disdained to hear one word of thankfulness.
And all was Caleb’s doing; all the doing of her simple father! But he too had a Cricket on his Hearth; and listening sadly to its music when the motherless Blind Child was very young, that Spirit had inspired him with the thought that even her great deprivation might be almost changed into a blessing, and the girl made happy by these little means. For all the Cricket tribe are potent Spirits, even though the people who hold converse with them do not know it (which is frequently the case); and there are not in the unseen world, voices more gentle and more true, that may be so implicitly relied on, or that are so certain to give none but tenderest counsel, as the Voices in which the Spirits of the Fireside and the Hearth address themselves to human kind.
Caleb and his daughter were at work together in their usual working-room, which served them for their ordinary living-room as well; and a strange place it was. There were houses in it, finished and unfinished, for Dolls of all stations in life. Suburban tenements for Dolls of moderate means; kitchens and single apartments for Dolls of the lower classes; capital town residences for Dolls of high estate. Some of these establishments were already furnished according to estimate, with a view to the convenience of Dolls of limited income; others could be fitted on the most expensive scale, at a moment’s notice, from whole shelves of chairs and tables, sofas, bedsteads, and upholstery. The nobility and gentry, and public in general, for whose accommodation these tenements were designed, lay, here and there, in baskets, staring straight up at the ceiling; but, in denoting their degrees in society, and confining them to their respective stations (which experience shows to be lamentably difficult in real life), the makers of these Dolls had far improved on Nature, who is often froward and perverse; for, they, not resting on such arbitrary marks as satin, cotton-print, and bits of rag, had superadded striking personal differences which allowed of no mistake. Thus, the Doll-lady of distinction had wax limbs of perfect symmetry; but only she and her compeers. The next grade in the social scale being made of leather, and the next of coarse linen stuff. As to the common-people, they had just so many matches out of tinder-boxes, for their arms and legs, and there they were — established in their sphere at once, beyond the possibility of getting out of it.
There were various other samples of his handicraft, besides Dolls, in Caleb Plummer’s room. There were Noah’s Arks, in which the Birds and Beasts were an uncommonly tight fit, I assure you; though they could be crammed in, anyhow, at the roof, and rattled and shaken into the smallest compass. By a bold poetical licence, most of these Noah’s Arks had knockers on the doors; inconsistent appendages, perhaps, as suggestive of morning callers and a Postman, yet a pleasant finish to the outside of the building. There were scores of melancholy little carts, which, when the wheels went round, performed most doleful music. Many small fiddles, drums, and other instruments of torture; no end of cannon, shields, swords, spears, and guns. There were little tumblers in red breeches, incessantly swarming up high obstacles of red-tape, and coming down, head first, on the other side; and there were innumerable old gentlemen of respectable, not to say venerable, appearance, insanely flying over horizontal pegs, inserted, for the purpose, in their own street doors. There were beasts of all sorts; horses, in particular, of every breed, from the spotted barrel on four pegs, with a small tippet for a mane, to the thoroughbred rocker on his highest mettle. As it would have been hard to count the dozens upon dozens of grotesque figures that were ever ready to commit all sorts of absurdities on the turning of a handle, so it would have been no easy task to mention any human folly, vice, or weakness, that had not its type, immediate or remote, in Caleb Plummer’s room. And not in an exaggerated form, for very little handles will move men and women to as strange performances, as any Toy was ever made to undertake.
In the midst of all these objects, Caleb and his daughter sat at work. The Blind Girl busy as a Doll’s dressmaker; Caleb painting and glazing the four-pair front of a desirable family mansion.
The care imprinted in the lines of Caleb’s face, and his absorbed and dreamy manner, which would have sat well on some alchemist or abstruse student, were at first sight an odd contrast to his occupation, and the trivialities about him. But, trivial things, invented and pursued for bread, become very serious matters of fact; and, apart from this consideration, I am not at all prepared to say, myself, that if Caleb had been a Lord Chamberlain, or a Member of Parliament, or a lawyer, or even a great speculator, he would have dealt in toys one whit less whimsical, while I have a very great doubt whether they would have been as harmless.
‘So you were out in the rain last night, father, in your beautiful new great-coat,’ said Caleb’s daughter.
‘In my beautiful new great-coat,’ answered Caleb, glancing towards a clothes-line in the room, on which the sack-cloth garment previously described, was carefully hung up to dry.
‘How glad I am you bought it, father!’
‘And of such a tailor, too,’ said Caleb. ‘Quite a fashionable tailor. It’s too good for me.’
The Blind Girl rested from her work, and laughed with delight.
‘Too good, father! What can be too good for you?’
‘I’m half-ashamed to wear it though,’ said Caleb, watching the effect of what he said, upon her brightening face; ‘upon my word! When I hear the boys and people say behind me, “Hal-loa! Here’s a swell!” I don’t know which way to look. And when the beggar wouldn’t go away last night; and when I said I was a very common man, said “No, your Honour! Bless your Honour, don’t say that!” I was quite ashamed. I really felt as if I hadn’t a right to wear it.’
Happy Blind Girl! How merry she was, in her exultation!
‘I see you, father,’ she said, clasping her hands, ‘as plainly, as if I had the eyes I never want when you are with me. A blue coat —‘
‘Bright blue,’ said Caleb.
‘Yes, yes! Bright blue!’ exclaimed the girl, turning up her radiant face; ‘the colour I can just remember in the blessed sky! You told me it was blue before! A bright blue coat —’
‘Made loose to the figure,’ suggested Caleb.
‘Made loose to the figure!’ cried the Blind Girl, laughing heartily; ‘and in it, you, dear father, with your merry eye, your smiling face, your free step, and your dark hair — looking so young and handsome!’
‘Halloa! Halloa!’ said Caleb. ‘I shall be vain, presently!’
‘I think you are, already,’ cried the Blind Girl, pointing at him, in her glee. ‘I know you, father! Ha, ha, ha! I’ve found you out, you see!’
How different the picture in her mind, from Caleb, as he sat observing her! She had spoken of his free step. She was right in that. For years and years, he had never once crossed that threshold at his own slow pace, but with a footfall counterfeited for her ear; and never had he, when his heart was heaviest, forgotten the light tread that was to render hers so cheerful and courageous!
Heaven knows! But I think Caleb’s vague bewilderment of manner may have half originated in his having confused himself about himself and everything around him, for the love of his Blind Daughter. How could the little man be otherwise than bewildered, after labouring for so many years to destroy his own identity, and that of all the objects that had any bearing on it!
‘There we are,’ said Caleb, falling back a pace or two to form the better judgment of his work; ‘as near the real thing as sixpenn’orth of halfpence is to sixpence. What a pity that the whole front of the house opens at once! If there was only a staircase in it, now, and regular doors to the rooms to go in at! But that’s the worst of my calling, I’m always deluding myself, and swindling myself.’
‘You are speaking quite softly. You are not tired, father?’
‘Tired!’ echoed Caleb, with a great burst of animation, ‘what should tire me, Bertha? I was never tired. What does it mean?’
To give the greater force to his words, he checked himself in an involuntary imitation of two half-length stretching and yawning figures on the mantel-shelf, who were represented as in one eternal state of weariness from the waist upwards; and hummed a fragment of a song. It was a Bacchanalian song, something about a Sparkling Bowl. He sang it with an assumption of a Devil-may-care voice, that made his face a thousand times more meagre and more thoughtful than ever.
‘What! You’re singing, are you?’ said Tackleton, putting his head in at the door. ‘Go it! I can’t sing.’
Nobody would have suspected him of it. He hadn’t what is generally termed a singing face, by any means.
‘I can’t afford to sing,’ said Tackleton. ‘I’m glad YOU CAN. I hope you can afford to work too. Hardly time for both, I should think?’
‘If you could only see him, Bertha, how he’s winking at me!’ whispered Caleb. ‘Such a man to joke! you’d think, if you didn’t know him, he was in earnest — wouldn’t you now?’
The Blind Girl smiled and nodded.
‘The bird that can sing and won’t sing, must be made to sing, they say,’ grumbled Tackleton. ‘What about the owl that can’t sing, and oughtn’t to sing, and will sing; is there anything that HE should be made to do?’
‘The extent to which he’s winking at this moment!’ whispered Caleb to his daughter. ‘O, my gracious!’
‘Always merry and light-hearted with us!’ cried the smiling Bertha.
‘O, you’re there, are you?’ answered Tackleton. ‘Poor Idiot!’
He really did believe she was an Idiot; and he founded the belief, I can’t say whether consciously or not, upon her being fond of him.
‘Well! and being there — how are you?’ said Tackleton, in his grudging way.
‘Oh! well; quite well. And as happy as even you can wish me to be. As happy as you would make the whole world, if you could!’
‘Poor Idiot!’ muttered Tackleton. ‘No gleam of reason. Not a gleam!’
The Blind Girl took his hand and kissed it; held it for a moment in her own two hands; and laid her cheek against it tenderly, before releasing it. There was such unspeakable affection and such fervent gratitude in the act, that Tackleton himself was moved to say, in a milder growl than usual:
‘What’s the matter now?’
‘I stood it close beside my pillow when I went to sleep last night, and remembered it in my dreams. And when the day broke, and the glorious red sun — the RED sun, father?’
‘Red in the mornings and the evenings, Bertha,’ said poor Caleb, with a woeful glance at his employer.
‘When it rose, and the bright light I almost fear to strike myself against in walking, came into the room, I turned the little tree towards it, and blessed Heaven for making things so precious, and blessed you for sending them to cheer me!’
‘Bedlam broke loose!’ said Tackleton under his breath. ‘We shall arrive at the strait-waistcoat and mufflers soon. We’re getting on!’
Caleb, with his hands hooked loosely in each other, stared vacantly before him while his daughter spoke, as if he really were uncertain (I believe he was) whether Tackleton had done anything to deserve her thanks, or not. If he could have been a perfectly free agent, at that moment, required, on pain of death, to kick the Toy-merchant, or fall at his feet, according to his merits, I believe it would have been an even chance which course he would have taken. Yet, Caleb knew that with his own hands he had brought the little rose-tree home for her, so carefully, and that with his own lips he had forged the innocent deception which should help to keep her from suspecting how much, how very much, he every day, denied himself, that she might be the happier.
‘Bertha!’ said Tackleton, assuming, for the nonce, a little cordiality. ‘Come here.’
‘Oh! I can come straight to you! You needn’t guide me!’ she rejoined.
‘Shall I tell you a secret, Bertha?’
‘If you will!’ she answered, eagerly.
How bright the darkened face! How adorned with light, the listening head!
‘This is the day on which little what’s-her-name, the spoilt child, Peerybingle’s wife, pays her regular visit to you — makes her fantastic Pic-Nic here; an’t it?’ said Tackleton, with a strong expression of distaste for the whole concern.
‘Yes,’ replied Bertha. ‘This is the day.’
‘I thought so,’ said Tackleton. ‘I should like to join the party.’
‘Do you hear that, father!’ cried the Blind Girl in an ecstasy.
‘Yes, yes, I hear it,’ murmured Caleb, with the fixed look of a sleep-walker; ‘but I don’t believe it. It’s one of my lies, I’ve no doubt.’
‘You see I— I want to bring the Peerybingles a little more into company with May Fielding,’ said Tackleton. ‘I am going to be married to May.’
‘Married!’ cried the Blind Girl, starting from him.
‘She’s such a con-founded Idiot,’ muttered Tackleton, ‘that I was afraid she’d never comprehend me. Ah, Bertha! Married! Church, parson, clerk, beadle, glass-coach, bells, breakfast, bride-cake, favours, marrow-bones, cleavers, and all the rest of the tomfoolery. A wedding, you know; a wedding. Don’t you know what a wedding is?’
‘I know,’ replied the Blind Girl, in a gentle tone. ‘I understand!’
‘Do you?’ muttered Tackleton. ‘It’s more than I expected. Well! On that account I want to join the party, and to bring May and her mother. I’ll send in a little something or other, before the afternoon. A cold leg of mutton, or some comfortable trifle of that sort. You’ll expect me?’
‘Yes,’ she answered.
She had drooped her head, and turned away; and so stood, with her hands crossed, musing.
‘I don’t think you will,’ muttered Tackleton, looking at her; ‘for you seem to have forgotten all about it, already. Caleb!’
‘I may venture to say I’m here, I suppose,’ thought Caleb. ‘Sir!’
‘Take care she don’t forget what I’ve been saying to her.’
‘SHE never forgets,’ returned Caleb. ‘It’s one of the few things she an’t clever in.’
‘Every man thinks his own geese swans,’ observed the Toy-merchant, with a shrug. ‘Poor devil!’
Having delivered himself of which remark, with infinite contempt, old Gruff and Tackleton withdrew.
Bertha remained where he had left her, lost in meditation. The gaiety had vanished from her downcast face, and it was very sad. Three or four times she shook her head, as if bewailing some remembrance or some loss; but her sorrowful reflections found no vent in words.
It was not until Caleb had been occupied, some time, in yoking a team of horses to a waggon by the summary process of nailing the harness to the vital parts of their bodies, that she drew near to his working-stool, and sitting down beside him, said:
‘Father, I am lonely in the dark. I want my eyes, my patient, willing eyes.’
‘Here they are,’ said Caleb. ‘Always ready. They are more yours than mine, Bertha, any hour in the four-and-twenty. What shall your eyes do for you, dear?’
‘Look round the room, father.’
‘All right,’ said Caleb. ‘No sooner said than done, Bertha.’
‘Tell me about it.’
‘It’s much the same as usual,’ said Caleb. ‘Homely, but very snug. The gay colours on the walls; the bright flowers on the plates and dishes; the shining wood, where there are beams or panels; the general cheerfulness and neatness of the building; make it very pretty.’
Cheerful and neat it was wherever Bertha’s hands could busy themselves. But nowhere else, were cheerfulness and neatness possible, in the old crazy shed which Caleb’s fancy so transformed.
‘You have your working dress on, and are not so gallant as when you wear the handsome coat?’ said Bertha, touching him.
‘Not quite so gallant,’ answered Caleb. ‘Pretty brisk though.’
‘Father,’ said the Blind Girl, drawing close to his side, and stealing one arm round his neck, ‘tell me something about May. She is very fair?’
‘She is indeed,’ said Caleb. And she was indeed. It was quite a rare thing to Caleb, not to have to draw on his invention.
‘Her hair is dark,’ said Bertha, pensively, ‘darker than mine. Her voice is sweet and musical, I know. I have often loved to hear it. Her shape —’
‘There’s not a Doll’s in all the room to equal it,’ said Caleb. ‘And her eyes! —’
He stopped; for Bertha had drawn closer round his neck, and from the arm that clung about him, came a warning pressure which he understood too well.
He coughed a moment, hammered for a moment, and then fell back upon the song about the sparkling bowl; his infallible resource in all such difficulties.
‘Our friend, father, our benefactor. I am never tired, you know, of hearing about him. — Now, was I ever?’ she said, hastily.
‘Of course not,’ answered Caleb, ‘and with reason.’
‘Ah! With how much reason!’ cried the Blind Girl. With such fervency, that Caleb, though his motives were so pure, could not endure to meet her face; but dropped his eyes, as if she could have read in them his innocent deceit.
‘Then, tell me again about him, dear father,’ said Bertha. ‘Many times again! His face is benevolent, kind, and tender. Honest and true, I am sure it is. The manly heart that tries to cloak all favours with a show of roughness and unwillingness, beats in its every look and glance.’
‘And makes it noble!’ added Caleb, in his quiet desperation.
‘And makes it noble!’ cried the Blind Girl. ‘He is older than May, father.’
‘Ye-es,’ said Caleb, reluctantly. ‘He’s a little older than May. But that don’t signify.’
‘Oh father, yes! To be his patient companion in infirmity and age; to be his gentle nurse in sickness, and his constant friend in suffering and sorrow; to know no weariness in working for his sake; to watch him, tend him, sit beside his bed and talk to him awake, and pray for him asleep; what privileges these would be! What opportunities for proving all her truth and devotion to him! Would she do all this, dear father?
‘No doubt of it,’ said Caleb.
‘I love her, father; I can love her from my soul!’ exclaimed the Blind Girl. And saying so, she laid her poor blind face on Caleb’s shoulder, and so wept and wept, that he was almost sorry to have brought that tearful happiness upon her.
In the mean time, there had been a pretty sharp commotion at John Peerybingle’s, for little Mrs. Peerybingle naturally couldn’t think of going anywhere without the Baby; and to get the Baby under weigh took time. Not that there was much of the Baby, speaking of it as a thing of weight and measure, but there was a vast deal to do about and about it, and it all had to be done by easy stages. For instance, when the Baby was got, by hook and by crook, to a certain point of dressing, and you might have rationally supposed that another touch or two would finish him off, and turn him out a tip-top Baby challenging the world, he was unexpectedly extinguished in a flannel cap, and hustled off to bed; where he simmered (so to speak) between two blankets for the best part of an hour. From this state of inaction he was then recalled, shining very much and roaring violently, to partake of — well? I would rather say, if you’ll permit me to speak generally — of a slight repast. After which, he went to sleep again. Mrs. Peerybingle took advantage of this interval, to make herself as smart in a small way as ever you saw anybody in all your life; and, during the same short truce, Miss Slowboy insinuated herself into a spencer of a fashion so surprising and ingenious, that it had no connection with herself, or anything else in the universe, but was a shrunken, dog’s-eared, independent fact, pursuing its lonely course without the least regard to anybody. By this time, the Baby, being all alive again, was invested, by the united efforts of Mrs. Peerybingle and Miss Slowboy, with a cream-coloured mantle for its body, and a sort of nankeen raised-pie for its head; and so in course of time they all three got down to the door, where the old horse had already taken more than the full value of his day’s toll out of the Turnpike Trust, by tearing up the road with his impatient autographs; and whence Boxer might be dimly seen in the remote perspective, standing looking back, and tempting him to come on without orders.
As to a chair, or anything of that kind for helping Mrs. Peerybingle into the cart, you know very little of John, if you think THAT was necessary. Before you could have seen him lift her from the ground, there she was in her place, fresh and rosy, saying, ‘John! How CAN you! Think of Tilly!’
If I might be allowed to mention a young lady’s legs, on any terms, I would observe of Miss Slowboy’s that there was a fatality about them which rendered them singularly liable to be grazed; and that she never effected the smallest ascent or descent, without recording the circumstance upon them with a notch, as Robinson Crusoe marked the days upon his wooden calendar. But as this might be considered ungenteel, I’ll think of it.
‘John? You’ve got the Basket with the Veal and Ham-Pie and things, and the bottles of Beer?’ said Dot. ‘If you haven’t, you must turn round again, this very minute.’
‘You’re a nice little article,’ returned the Carrier, ‘to be talking about turning round, after keeping me a full quarter of an hour behind my time.’
‘I am sorry for it, John,’ said Dot in a great bustle, ‘but I really could not think of going to Bertha’s — I would not do it, John, on any account — without the Veal and Ham-Pie and things, and the bottles of Beer. Way!’
This monosyllable was addressed to the horse, who didn’t mind it at all.
‘Oh DO way, John!’ said Mrs. Peerybingle. ‘Please!’
‘It’ll be time enough to do that,’ returned John, ‘when I begin to leave things behind me. The basket’s here, safe enough.’
‘What a hard-hearted monster you must be, John, not to have said so, at once, and save me such a turn! I declared I wouldn’t go to Bertha’s without the Veal and Ham-Pie and things, and the bottles of Beer, for any money. Regularly once a fortnight ever since we have been married, John, have we made our little Pic-Nic there. If anything was to go wrong with it, I should almost think we were never to be lucky again.’
‘It was a kind thought in the first instance,’ said the Carrier: ‘and I honour you for it, little woman.’
‘My dear John,’ replied Dot, turning very red, ‘don’t talk about honouring ME. Good Gracious!’
‘By the bye —’ observed the Carrier. ‘That old gentleman —’
Again so visibly, and instantly embarrassed!
‘He’s an odd fish,’ said the Carrier, looking straight along the road before them. ‘I can’t make him out. I don’t believe there’s any harm in him.’
‘None at all. I’m — I’m sure there’s none at all.’
‘Yes,’ said the Carrier, with his eyes attracted to her face by the great earnestness of her manner. ‘I am glad you feel so certain of it, because it’s a confirmation to me. It’s curious that he should have taken it into his head to ask leave to go on lodging with us; an’t it? Things come about so strangely.’
‘So very strangely,’ she rejoined in a low voice, scarcely audible.
‘However, he’s a good-natured old gentleman,’ said John, ‘and pays as a gentleman, and I think his word is to be relied upon, like a gentleman’s. I had quite a long talk with him this morning: he can hear me better already, he says, as he gets more used to my voice. He told me a great deal about himself, and I told him a great deal about myself, and a rare lot of questions he asked me. I gave him information about my having two beats, you know, in my business; one day to the right from our house and back again; another day to the left from our house and back again (for he’s a stranger and don’t know the names of places about here); and he seemed quite pleased. “Why, then I shall be returning home to-night your way,” he says, “when I thought you’d be coming in an exactly opposite direction. That’s capital! I may trouble you for another lift perhaps, but I’ll engage not to fall so sound asleep again.” He WAS sound asleep, sure-ly! — Dot! what are you thinking of?’
‘Thinking of, John? I— I was listening to you.’
‘O! That’s all right!’ said the honest Carrier. ‘I was afraid, from the look of your face, that I had gone rambling on so long, as to set you thinking about something else. I was very near it, I’ll be bound.’
Dot making no reply, they jogged on, for some little time, in silence. But, it was not easy to remain silent very long in John Peerybingle’s cart, for everybody on the road had something to say. Though it might only be ‘How are you!’ and indeed it was very often nothing else, still, to give that back again in the right spirit of cordiality, required, not merely a nod and a smile, but as wholesome an action of the lungs withal, as a long-winded Parliamentary speech. Sometimes, passengers on foot, or horseback, plodded on a little way beside the cart, for the express purpose of having a chat; and then there was a great deal to be said, on both sides.
Then, Boxer gave occasion to more good-natured recognitions of, and by, the Carrier, than half-a-dozen Christians could have done! Everybody knew him, all along the road — especially the fowls and pigs, who when they saw him approaching, with his body all on one side, and his ears pricked up inquisitively, and that knob of a tail making the most of itself in the air, immediately withdrew into remote back settlements, without waiting for the honour of a nearer acquaintance. He had business everywhere; going down all the turnings, looking into all the wells, bolting in and out of all the cottages, dashing into the midst of all the Dame-Schools, fluttering all the pigeons, magnifying the tails of all the cats, and trotting into the public-houses like a regular customer. Wherever he went, somebody or other might have been heard to cry, ‘Halloa! Here’s Boxer!’ and out came that somebody forthwith, accompanied by at least two or three other somebodies, to give John Peerybingle and his pretty wife, Good Day.
The packages and parcels for the errand cart, were numerous; and there were many stoppages to take them in and give them out, which were not by any means the worst parts of the journey. Some people were so full of expectation about their parcels, and other people were so full of wonder about their parcels, and other people were so full of inexhaustible directions about their parcels, and John had such a lively interest in all the parcels, that it was as good as a play. Likewise, there were articles to carry, which required to be considered and discussed, and in reference to the adjustment and disposition of which, councils had to be holden by the Carrier and the senders: at which Boxer usually assisted, in short fits of the closest attention, and long fits of tearing round and round the assembled sages and barking himself hoarse. Of all these little incidents, Dot was the amused and open-eyed spectatress from her chair in the cart; and as she sat there, looking on — a charming little portrait framed to admiration by the tilt — there was no lack of nudgings and glancings and whisperings and envyings among the younger men. And this delighted John the Carrier, beyond measure; for he was proud to have his little wife admired, knowing that she didn’t mind it — that, if anything, she rather liked it perhaps.
The trip was a little foggy, to be sure, in the January weather; and was raw and cold. But who cared for such trifles? Not Dot, decidedly. Not Tilly Slowboy, for she deemed sitting in a cart, on any terms, to be the highest point of human joys; the crowning circumstance of earthly hopes. Not the Baby, I’ll be sworn; for it’s not in Baby nature to be warmer or more sound asleep, though its capacity is great in both respects, than that blessed young Peerybingle was, all the way.
You couldn’t see very far in the fog, of course; but you could see a great deal! It’s astonishing how much you may see, in a thicker fog than that, if you will only take the trouble to look for it. Why, even to sit watching for the Fairy-rings in the fields, and for the patches of hoar-frost still lingering in the shade, near hedges and by trees, was a pleasant occupation: to make no mention of the unexpected shapes in which the trees themselves came starting out of the mist, and glided into it again. The hedges were tangled and bare, and waved a multitude of blighted garlands in the wind; but there was no discouragement in this. It was agreeable to contemplate; for it made the fireside warmer in possession, and the summer greener in expectancy. The river looked chilly; but it was in motion, and moving at a good pace — which was a great point. The canal was rather slow and torpid; that must be admitted. Never mind. It would freeze the sooner when the frost set fairly in, and then there would be skating, and sliding; and the heavy old barges, frozen up somewhere near a wharf, would smoke their rusty iron chimney pipes all day, and have a lazy time of it.
In one place, there was a great mound of weeds or stubble burning; and they watched the fire, so white in the daytime, flaring through the fog, with only here and there a dash of red in it, until, in consequence, as she observed, of the smoke ‘getting up her nose,’ Miss Slowboy choked — she could do anything of that sort, on the smallest provocation — and woke the Baby, who wouldn’t go to sleep again. But, Boxer, who was in advance some quarter of a mile or so, had already passed the outposts of the town, and gained the corner of the street where Caleb and his daughter lived; and long before they had reached the door, he and the Blind Girl were on the pavement waiting to receive them.
Boxer, by the way, made certain delicate distinctions of his own, in his communication with Bertha, which persuade me fully that he knew her to be blind. He never sought to attract her attention by looking at her, as he often did with other people, but touched her invariably. What experience he could ever have had of blind people or blind dogs, I don’t know. He had never lived with a blind master; nor had Mr. Boxer the elder, nor Mrs. Boxer, nor any of his respectable family on either side, ever been visited with blindness, that I am aware of. He may have found it out for himself, perhaps, but he had got hold of it somehow; and therefore he had hold of Bertha too, by the skirt, and kept hold, until Mrs. Peerybingle and the Baby, and Miss Slowboy, and the basket, were all got safely within doors.
May Fielding was already come; and so was her mother — a little querulous chip of an old lady with a peevish face, who, in right of having preserved a waist like a bedpost, was supposed to be a most transcendent figure; and who, in consequence of having once been better off, or of labouring under an impression that she might have been, if something had happened which never did happen, and seemed to have never been particularly likely to come to pass — but it’s all the same — was very genteel and patronising indeed. Gruff and Tackleton was also there, doing the agreeable, with the evident sensation of being as perfectly at home, and as unquestionably in his own element, as a fresh young salmon on the top of the Great Pyramid.
‘May! My dear old friend!’ cried Dot, running up to meet her. ‘What a happiness to see you.’
Her old friend was, to the full, as hearty and as glad as she; and it really was, if you’ll believe me, quite a pleasant sight to see them embrace. Tackleton was a man of taste beyond all question. May was very pretty.
You know sometimes, when you are used to a pretty face, how, when it comes into contact and comparison with another pretty face, it seems for the moment to be homely and faded, and hardly to deserve the high opinion you have had of it. Now, this was not at all the case, either with Dot or May; for May’s face set off Dot’s, and Dot’s face set off May’s, so naturally and agreeably, that, as John Peerybingle was very near saying when he came into the room, they ought to have been born sisters — which was the only improvement you could have suggested.
Tackleton had brought his leg of mutton, and, wonderful to relate, a tart besides — but we don’t mind a little dissipation when our brides are in the case. we don’t get married every day — and in addition to these dainties, there were the Veal and Ham-Pie, and ‘things,’ as Mrs. Peerybingle called them; which were chiefly nuts and oranges, and cakes, and such small deer. When the repast was set forth on the board, flanked by Caleb’s contribution, which was a great wooden bowl of smoking potatoes (he was prohibited, by solemn compact, from producing any other viands), Tackleton led his intended mother-in-law to the post of honour. For the better gracing of this place at the high festival, the majestic old soul had adorned herself with a cap, calculated to inspire the thoughtless with sentiments of awe. She also wore her gloves. But let us be genteel, or die!
Caleb sat next his daughter; Dot and her old schoolfellow were side by side; the good Carrier took care of the bottom of the table. Miss Slowboy was isolated, for the time being, from every article of furniture but the chair she sat on, that she might have nothing else to knock the Baby’s head against.
As Tilly stared about her at the dolls and toys, they stared at her and at the company. The venerable old gentlemen at the street doors (who were all in full action) showed especial interest in the party, pausing occasionally before leaping, as if they were listening to the conversation, and then plunging wildly over and over, a great many times, without halting for breath — as in a frantic state of delight with the whole proceedings.
Certainly, if these old gentlemen were inclined to have a fiendish joy in the contemplation of Tackleton’s discomfiture, they had good reason to be satisfied. Tackleton couldn’t get on at all; and the more cheerful his intended bride became in Dot’s society, the less he liked it, though he had brought them together for that purpose. For he was a regular dog in the manger, was Tackleton; and when they laughed and he couldn’t, he took it into his head, immediately, that they must be laughing at him.
‘Ah, May!’ said Dot. ‘Dear dear, what changes! To talk of those merry school-days makes one young again.’
‘Why, you an’t particularly old, at any time; are you?’ said Tackleton.
‘Look at my sober plodding husband there,’ returned Dot. ‘He adds twenty years to my age at least. Don’t you, John?’
‘Forty,’ John replied.
‘How many YOU’ll add to May’s, I am sure I don’t know,’ said Dot, laughing. ‘But she can’t be much less than a hundred years of age on her next birthday.’
‘Ha ha!’ laughed Tackleton. Hollow as a drum, that laugh though. And he looked as if he could have twisted Dot’s neck, comfortably.
‘Dear dear!’ said Dot. ‘Only to remember how we used to talk, at school, about the husbands we would choose. I don’t know how young, and how handsome, and how gay, and how lively, mine was not to be! And as to May’s! — Ah dear! I don’t know whether to laugh or cry, when I think what silly girls we were.’
May seemed to know which to do; for the colour flushed into her face, and tears stood in her eyes.
‘Even the very persons themselves — real live young men — were fixed on sometimes,’ said Dot. ‘We little thought how things would come about. I never fixed on John I’m sure; I never so much as thought of him. And if I had told you, you were ever to be married to Mr. Tackleton, why you’d have slapped me. Wouldn’t you, May?’
Though May didn’t say yes, she certainly didn’t say no, or express no, by any means.
Tackleton laughed — quite shouted, he laughed so loud. John Peerybingle laughed too, in his ordinary good-natured and contented manner; but his was a mere whisper of a laugh, to Tackleton’s.
‘You couldn’t help yourselves, for all that. You couldn’t resist us, you see,’ said Tackleton. ‘Here we are! Here we are!’
‘Where are your gay young bridegrooms now!’
‘Some of them are dead,’ said Dot; ‘and some of them forgotten. Some of them, if they could stand among us at this moment, would not believe we were the same creatures; would not believe that what they saw and heard was real, and we COULD forget them so. No! they would not believe one word of it!’
‘Why, Dot!’ exclaimed the Carrier. ‘Little woman!’
She had spoken with such earnestness and fire, that she stood in need of some recalling to herself, without doubt. Her husband’s check was very gentle, for he merely interfered, as he supposed, to shield old Tackleton; but it proved effectual, for she stopped, and said no more. There was an uncommon agitation, even in her silence, which the wary Tackleton, who had brought his half-shut eye to bear upon her, noted closely, and remembered to some purpose too.
May uttered no word, good or bad, but sat quite still, with her eyes cast down, and made no sign of interest in what had passed. The good lady her mother now interposed, observing, in the first instance, that girls were girls, and byegones byegones, and that so long as young people were young and thoughtless, they would probably conduct themselves like young and thoughtless persons: with two or three other positions of a no less sound and incontrovertible character. She then remarked, in a devout spirit, that she thanked Heaven she had always found in her daughter May, a dutiful and obedient child; for which she took no credit to herself, though she had every reason to believe it was entirely owing to herself. With regard to Mr. Tackleton she said, That he was in a moral point of view an undeniable individual, and That he was in an eligible point of view a son-in-law to be desired, no one in their senses could doubt. (She was very emphatic here.) With regard to the family into which he was so soon about, after some solicitation, to be admitted, she believed Mr. Tackleton knew that, although reduced in purse, it had some pretensions to gentility; and if certain circumstances, not wholly unconnected, she would go so far as to say, with the Indigo Trade, but to which she would not more particularly refer, had happened differently, it might perhaps have been in possession of wealth. She then remarked that she would not allude to the past, and would not mention that her daughter had for some time rejected the suit of Mr. Tackleton; and that she would not say a great many other things which she did say, at great length. Finally, she delivered it as the general result of her observation and experience, that those marriages in which there was least of what was romantically and sillily called love, were always the happiest; and that she anticipated the greatest possible amount of bliss — not rapturous bliss; but the solid, steady-going article — from the approaching nuptials. She concluded by informing the company that to-morrow was the day she had lived for, expressly; and that when it was over, she would desire nothing better than to be packed up and disposed of, in any genteel place of burial.
As these remarks were quite unanswerable — which is the happy property of all remarks that are sufficiently wide of the purpose — they changed the current of the conversation, and diverted the general attention to the Veal and Ham-Pie, the cold mutton, the potatoes, and the tart. In order that the bottled beer might not be slighted, John Peerybingle proposed To-morrow: the Wedding-Day; and called upon them to drink a bumper to it, before he proceeded on his journey.
For you ought to know that he only rested there, and gave the old horse a bait. He had to go some four of five miles farther on; and when he returned in the evening, he called for Dot, and took another rest on his way home. This was the order of the day on all the Pic-Nic occasions, had been, ever since their institution.
There were two persons present, besides the bride and bridegroom elect, who did but indifferent honour to the toast. One of these was Dot, too flushed and discomposed to adapt herself to any small occurrence of the moment; the other, Bertha, who rose up hurriedly, before the rest, and left the table.
‘Good bye!’ said stout John Peerybingle, pulling on his dreadnought coat. ‘I shall be back at the old time. Good bye all!’
‘Good bye, John,’ returned Caleb.
He seemed to say it by rote, and to wave his hand in the same unconscious manner; for he stood observing Bertha with an anxious wondering face, that never altered its expression.
‘Good bye, young shaver!’ said the jolly Carrier, bending down to kiss the child; which Tilly Slowboy, now intent upon her knife and fork, had deposited asleep (and strange to say, without damage) in a little cot of Bertha’s furnishing; ‘good bye! Time will come, I suppose, when YOU’LL turn out into the cold, my little friend, and leave your old father to enjoy his pipe and his rheumatics in the chimney-corner; eh? Where’s Dot?’
‘I’m here, John!’ she said, starting.
‘Come, come!’ returned the Carrier, clapping his sounding hands. ‘Where’s the pipe?’
‘I quite forgot the pipe, John.’
Forgot the pipe! Was such a wonder ever heard of! She! Forgot the pipe!
‘I’ll — I’ll fill it directly. It’s soon done.’
But it was not so soon done, either. It lay in the usual place — the Carrier’s dreadnought pocket — with the little pouch, her own work, from which she was used to fill it, but her hand shook so, that she entangled it (and yet her hand was small enough to have come out easily, I am sure), and bungled terribly. The filling of the pipe and lighting it, those little offices in which I have commended her discretion, were vilely done, from first to last. During the whole process, Tackleton stood looking on maliciously with the half-closed eye; which, whenever it met hers — or caught it, for it can hardly be said to have ever met another eye: rather being a kind of trap to snatch it up — augmented her confusion in a most remarkable degree.
‘Why, what a clumsy Dot you are, this afternoon!’ said John. ‘I could have done it better myself, I verify believe!’
With these good-natured words, he strode away, and presently was heard, in company with Boxer, and the old horse, and the cart, making lively music down the road. What time the dreamy Caleb still stood, watching his blind daughter, with the same expression on his face.
‘Bertha!’ said Caleb, softly. ‘What has happened? How changed you are, my darling, in a few hours — since this morning. YOU silent and dull all day! What is it? Tell me!’
‘Oh father, father!’ cried the Blind Girl, bursting into tears. ‘Oh my hard, hard fate!’
Caleb drew his hand across his eyes before he answered her.
‘But think how cheerful and how happy you have been, Bertha! How good, and how much loved, by many people.’
‘That strikes me to the heart, dear father! Always so mindful of me! Always so kind to me!’
Caleb was very much perplexed to understand her.
‘To be — to be blind, Bertha, my poor dear,’ he faltered, ‘is a great affliction; but —’
‘I have never felt it!’ cried the Blind Girl. ‘I have never felt it, in its fulness. Never! I have sometimes wished that I could see you, or could see him — only once, dear father, only for one little minute — that I might know what it is I treasure up,’ she laid her hands upon her breast, ‘and hold here! That I might be sure and have it right! And sometimes (but then I was a child) I have wept in my prayers at night, to think that when your images ascended from my heart to Heaven, they might not be the true resemblance of yourselves. But I have never had these feelings long. They have passed away and left me tranquil and contented.’
‘And they will again,’ said Caleb.
‘But, father! Oh my good, gentle father, bear with me, if I am wicked!’ said the Blind Girl. ‘This is not the sorrow that so weighs me down!’
Her father could not choose but let his moist eyes overflow; she was so earnest and pathetic, but he did not understand her, yet.
‘Bring her to me,’ said Bertha. ‘I cannot hold it closed and shut within myself. Bring her to me, father!’
She knew he hesitated, and said, ‘May. Bring May!’
May heard the mention of her name, and coming quietly towards her, touched her on the arm. The Blind Girl turned immediately, and held her by both hands.
‘Look into my face, Dear heart, Sweet heart!’ said Bertha. ‘Read it with your beautiful eyes, and tell me if the truth is written on it.’
‘Dear Bertha, Yes!’
The Blind Girl still, upturning the blank sightless face, down which the tears were coursing fast, addressed her in these words:
‘There is not, in my soul, a wish or thought that is not for your good, bright May! There is not, in my soul, a grateful recollection stronger than the deep remembrance which is stored there, of the many many times when, in the full pride of sight and beauty, you have had consideration for Blind Bertha, even when we two were children, or when Bertha was as much a child as ever blindness can be! Every blessing on your head! Light upon your happy course! Not the less, my dear May;’ and she drew towards her, in a closer grasp; ‘not the less, my bird, because, to-day, the knowledge that you are to be His wife has wrung my heart almost to breaking! Father, May, Mary! oh forgive me that it is so, for the sake of all he has done to relieve the weariness of my dark life: and for the sake of the belief you have in me, when I call Heaven to witness that I could not wish him married to a wife more worthy of his goodness!’
While speaking, she had released May Fielding’s hands, and clasped her garments in an attitude of mingled supplication and love. Sinking lower and lower down, as she proceeded in her strange confession, she dropped at last at the feet of her friend, and hid her blind face in the folds of her dress.
‘Great Power!’ exclaimed her father, smitten at one blow with the truth, ‘have I deceived her from the cradle, but to break her heart at last!’
It was well for all of them that Dot, that beaming, useful, busy little Dot — for such she was, whatever faults she had, and however you may learn to hate her, in good time — it was well for all of them, I say, that she was there: or where this would have ended, it were hard to tell. But Dot, recovering her self-possession, interposed, before May could reply, or Caleb say another word.
‘Come, come, dear Bertha! come away with me! Give her your arm, May. So! How composed she is, you see, already; and how good it is of her to mind us,’ said the cheery little woman, kissing her upon the forehead. ‘Come away, dear Bertha. Come! and here’s her good father will come with her; won’t you, Caleb? To — be — sure!’
Well, well! she was a noble little Dot in such things, and it must have been an obdurate nature that could have withstood her influence. When she had got poor Caleb and his Bertha away, that they might comfort and console each other, as she knew they only could, she presently came bouncing back — the saying is, as fresh as any daisy; I say fresher — to mount guard over that bridling little piece of consequence in the cap and gloves, and prevent the dear old creature from making discoveries.
‘So bring me the precious Baby, Tilly,’ said she, drawing a chair to the fire; ‘and while I have it in my lap, here’s Mrs. Fielding, Tilly, will tell me all about the management of Babies, and put me right in twenty points where I’m as wrong as can be. Won’t you, Mrs. Fielding?’
Not even the Welsh Giant, who, according to the popular expression, was so ‘slow’ as to perform a fatal surgical operation upon himself, in emulation of a juggling-trick achieved by his arch-enemy at breakfast-time; not even he fell half so readily into the snare prepared for him, as the old lady did into this artful pitfall. The fact of Tackleton having walked out; and furthermore, of two or three people having been talking together at a distance, for two minutes, leaving her to her own resources; was quite enough to have put her on her dignity, and the bewailment of that mysterious convulsion in the Indigo trade, for four-and-twenty hours. But this becoming deference to her experience, on the part of the young mother, was so irresistible, that after a short affectation of humility, she began to enlighten her with the best grace in the world; and sitting bolt upright before the wicked Dot, she did, in half an hour, deliver more infallible domestic recipes and precepts, than would (if acted on) have utterly destroyed and done up that Young Peerybingle, though he had been an Infant Samson.
To change the theme, Dot did a little needlework — she carried the contents of a whole workbox in her pocket; however she contrived it, I don’t know — then did a little nursing; then a little more needlework; then had a little whispering chat with May, while the old lady dozed; and so in little bits of bustle, which was quite her manner always, found it a very short afternoon. Then, as it grew dark, and as it was a solemn part of this Institution of the Pic-Nic that she should perform all Bertha’s household tasks, she trimmed the fire, and swept the hearth, and set the tea-board out, and drew the curtain, and lighted a candle. Then she played an air or two on a rude kind of harp, which Caleb had contrived for Bertha, and played them very well; for Nature had made her delicate little ear as choice a one for music as it would have been for jewels, if she had had any to wear. By this time it was the established hour for having tea; and Tackleton came back again, to share the meal, and spend the evening.
Caleb and Bertha had returned some time before, and Caleb had sat down to his afternoon’s work. But he couldn’t settle to it, poor fellow, being anxious and remorseful for his daughter. It was touching to see him sitting idle on his working-stool, regarding her so wistfully, and always saying in his face, ‘Have I deceived her from her cradle, but to break her heart!’
When it was night, and tea was done, and Dot had nothing more to do in washing up the cups and saucers; in a word — for I must come to it, and there is no use in putting it off — when the time drew nigh for expecting the Carrier’s return in every sound of distant wheels, her manner changed again, her colour came and went, and she was very restless. Not as good wives are, when listening for their husbands. No, no, no. It was another sort of restlessness from that.
Wheels heard. A horse’s feet. The barking of a dog. The gradual approach of all the sounds. The scratching paw of Boxer at the door!
‘Whose step is that!’ cried Bertha, starting up.
‘Whose step?’ returned the Carrier, standing in the portal, with his brown face ruddy as a winter berry from the keen night air. ‘Why, mine.’
‘The other step,’ said Bertha. ‘The man’s tread behind you!’
‘She is not to be deceived,’ observed the Carrier, laughing. ‘Come along, sir. You’ll be welcome, never fear!’
He spoke in a loud tone; and as he spoke, the deaf old gentleman entered.
‘He’s not so much a stranger, that you haven’t seen him once, Caleb,’ said the Carrier. ‘You’ll give him house-room till we go?’
‘Oh surely, John, and take it as an honour.’
‘He’s the best company on earth, to talk secrets in,’ said John. ‘I have reasonable good lungs, but he tries ’em, I can tell you. Sit down, sir. All friends here, and glad to see you!’
When he had imparted this assurance, in a voice that amply corroborated what he had said about his lungs, he added in his natural tone, ‘A chair in the chimney-corner, and leave to sit quite silent and look pleasantly about him, is all he cares for. He’s easily pleased.’
Bertha had been listening intently. She called Caleb to her side, when he had set the chair, and asked him, in a low voice, to describe their visitor. When he had done so (truly now; with scrupulous fidelity), she moved, for the first time since he had come in, and sighed, and seemed to have no further interest concerning him.
The Carrier was in high spirits, good fellow that he was, and fonder of his little wife than ever.
‘A clumsy Dot she was, this afternoon!’ he said, encircling her with his rough arm, as she stood, removed from the rest; ‘and yet I like her somehow. See yonder, Dot!’
He pointed to the old man. She looked down. I think she trembled.
‘He’s — ha ha ha! — he’s full of admiration for you!’ said the Carrier. ‘Talked of nothing else, the whole way here. Why, he’s a brave old boy. I like him for it!’
‘I wish he had had a better subject, John,’ she said, with an uneasy glance about the room. At Tackleton especially.
‘A better subject!’ cried the jovial John. ‘There’s no such thing. Come, off with the great-coat, off with the thick shawl, off with the heavy wrappers! and a cosy half-hour by the fire! My humble service, Mistress. A game at cribbage, you and I? That’s hearty. The cards and board, Dot. And a glass of beer here, if there’s any left, small wife!’
His challenge was addressed to the old lady, who accepting it with gracious readiness, they were soon engaged upon the game. At first, the Carrier looked about him sometimes, with a smile, or now and then called Dot to peep over his shoulder at his hand, and advise him on some knotty point. But his adversary being a rigid disciplinarian, and subject to an occasional weakness in respect of pegging more than she was entitled to, required such vigilance on his part, as left him neither eyes nor ears to spare. Thus, his whole attention gradually became absorbed upon the cards; and he thought of nothing else, until a hand upon his shoulder restored him to a consciousness of Tackleton.
‘I am sorry to disturb you — but a word, directly.’
‘I’m going to deal,’ returned the Carrier. ‘It’s a crisis.’
‘It is,’ said Tackleton. ‘Come here, man!’
There was that in his pale face which made the other rise immediately, and ask him, in a hurry, what the matter was.
‘Hush! John Peerybingle,’ said Tackleton. ‘I am sorry for this. I am indeed. I have been afraid of it. I have suspected it from the first.’
‘What is it?’ asked the Carrier, with a frightened aspect.
‘Hush! I’ll show you, if you’ll come with me.’
The Carrier accompanied him, without another word. They went across a yard, where the stars were shining, and by a little side-door, into Tackleton’s own counting-house, where there was a glass window, commanding the ware-room, which was closed for the night. There was no light in the counting-house itself, but there were lamps in the long narrow ware-room; and consequently the window was bright.
‘A moment!’ said Tackleton. ‘Can you bear to look through that window, do you think?’
‘Why not?’ returned the Carrier.
‘A moment more,’ said Tackleton. ‘Don’t commit any violence. It’s of no use. It’s dangerous too. You’re a strong-made man; and you might do murder before you know it.’
The Carrier looked him in the face, and recoiled a step as if he had been struck. In one stride he was at the window, and he saw —
Oh Shadow on the Hearth! Oh truthful Cricket! Oh perfidious Wife!
He saw her, with the old man — old no longer, but erect and gallant — bearing in his hand the false white hair that had won his way into their desolate and miserable home. He saw her listening to him, as he bent his head to whisper in her ear; and suffering him to clasp her round the waist, as they moved slowly down the dim wooden gallery towards the door by which they had entered it. He saw them stop, and saw her turn — to have the face, the face he loved so, so presented to his view! — and saw her, with her own hands, adjust the lie upon his head, laughing, as she did it, at his unsuspicious nature!
He clenched his strong right hand at first, as if it would have beaten down a lion. But opening it immediately again, he spread it out before the eyes of Tackleton (for he was tender of her, even then), and so, as they passed out, fell down upon a desk, and was as weak as any infant.
He was wrapped up to the chin, and busy with his horse and parcels, when she came into the room, prepared for going home.
‘Now, John, dear! Good night, May! Good night, Bertha!’
Could she kiss them? Could she be blithe and cheerful in her parting? Could she venture to reveal her face to them without a blush? Yes. Tackleton observed her closely, and she did all this.
Tilly was hushing the Baby, and she crossed and re-crossed Tackleton, a dozen times, repeating drowsily:
‘Did the knowledge that it was to be its wifes, then, wring its hearts almost to breaking; and did its fathers deceive it from its cradles but to break its hearts at last!’
‘Now, Tilly, give me the Baby! Good night, Mr. Tackleton. Where’s John, for goodness’ sake?’
‘He’s going to walk beside the horse’s head,’ said Tackleton; who helped her to her seat.
‘My dear John. Walk? To-night?’
The muffled figure of her husband made a hasty sign in the affirmative; and the false stranger and the little nurse being in their places, the old horse moved off. Boxer, the unconscious Boxer, running on before, running back, running round and round the cart, and barking as triumphantly and merrily as ever.
When Tackleton had gone off likewise, escorting May and her mother home, poor Caleb sat down by the fire beside his daughter; anxious and remorseful at the core; and still saying in his wistful contemplation of her, ‘Have I deceived her from her cradle, but to break her heart at last!’
The toys that had been set in motion for the Baby, had all stopped, and run down, long ago. In the faint light and silence, the imperturbably calm dolls, the agitated rocking-horses with distended eyes and nostrils, the old gentlemen at the street-doors, standing half doubled up upon their failing knees and ankles, the wry-faced nut-crackers, the very Beasts upon their way into the Ark, in twos, like a Boarding School out walking, might have been imagined to be stricken motionless with fantastic wonder, at Dot being false, or Tackleton beloved, under any combination of circumstances.
Last updated Sunday, March 27, 2016 at 11:53 | <urn:uuid:b24fca9e-a56b-45e8-9c4c-b3f17ac7f155> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/d/dickens/charles/d54cr/chapter2.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279410.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00166-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.98288 | 15,805 | 1.984375 | 2 |
There is no prehistoric or historic archaeological resources in the soil at the former Packerton Yards.
During the Carbon County Commissioners' meeting on Thursday, Commissioner William O'Gurek, chairman, said that the county received the results of a geomorphological evaluation at the 59-acre site in Mahoning Township and Lehighton.
"The good news is that there is no potential that the soil contains any prehistoric or archaeological resources," O'Gurek said. "There is nothing down there that would be a hindrance to any development and the bottom line from McCormick and Taylor, (the company hired to complete the study), which they will be reporting to the state is that no additional work is needed."
A report of the findings have been sent to the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission for review. Carbon County can now move forward with the development of the land.
Carbon County was forced to spend $21,891.89 to complete the study as a result of a 2006 court action filed by Thomas Zimmerman IV of Nesquehoning against the county. Zimmerman told the court about the archaeological and historical significance of the property.
The state historic preservation office then sent a letter to Carbon in March 2010, stating that a phase 1 archaeological investigation must be completed on the site.
In June, the county moved forward on hiring McCormick and Taylor to complete the study.
At that time, O'Gurek and Commissioner Charles Getz spoke out about how they felt the study was just costing the county money that it shouldn't have to spend.
The industrialization of the former Packerton Yards site has been in the works since 2002, when Getz and O'Gurek included the project as part of their campaign.
On Feb. 25, 2005, the county purchased the site from Joseph and Betty Zaprazny at a cost of $350,000.
Since then, the board has worked with state and federal officials to secure millions of dollars in funding to use for developing the site.
In a related matter, four members of the Carbon County Constitutionalists submitted a letter asking O'Gurek to provide information and case law that states that the county's decision to develop Packerton Yards into a business park is constitutional. | <urn:uuid:080b9b45-a641-4745-81f1-30afd5d0f50c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.tnonline.com/2010/sep/24/study-nothing-soil-hinder-packerton-yards-development | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285315.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00567-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960409 | 458 | 2.234375 | 2 |
ROME – The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Food Programme (WFP) have launched a project to improve the diet of school-aged children, with support from the German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL).
In many countries school meals represent a significant portion of children’s daily diets, and it is vital that these directly contribute to their nutrition needs. The initiative — “School food nutrition guidelines and standards for safeguarding children and adolescents’ right to food” — will produce a new methodology, to aid government stakeholders and institutions develop and implement nutrition standards for healthier and higher quality school meals for children of all ages.
The project will also produce guidance for schools to implement hands-on food education strategies, including how to use school meal menus as learning materials in the classroom or how adolescents can use the standards to come up with nutritious meals. Interventions to further improve the school food environment, such as restricting the marketing of sugary beverages in school premises, will also be promoted.
A key part of the project will focus on supporting national actors to integrate the new nutrition standards into legislation, by conducting legislative studies and providing capacity development. Lastly, community ownership will be promoted at all stages of the process by strengthening, for example, school-level mechanisms where students and parents can report non-compliance with the nutrition standards.
“Through this comprehensive toolkit and technical support to improve school meals, the broader school food environments and procurement processes from local food systems, FAO aims to support governments and institutions in providing healthier school food to children and adolescents, therefore marking a step forward towards ensuring their Right to Food,” explains Nancy Aburto, FAO’s Deputy Director of the Food and Nutrition Division.
“We have a global consensus now around the need for school meals and its benefits to various sectors. School meals go far beyond the plate of food — they can impact education, nutrition, health, agriculture and food systems,” says Carmen Burbano, Director of the School-based Programmes Division at WFP. “For these programmes to unfold their full potential we need to work on a next generation of school meal programmes — programmes that contribute to sustainable food systems and ensure that children receive healthy and nutritious meals.”
The methodology and guidance package will be piloted in two countries, Cambodia and Ghana, to gather direct feedback on their usefulness. Both will be then adjusted and finalised through regional and global workshops.
The project is in line with with the commitment of support that five United Nations agencies have made towards the global School Meals Coalition and its aim to ensure that every child gets a daily, healthy meal in school by 2030.
It also contributes to the achievement of several Sustainable Development Goals, particularly SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), 3 (Good Health and Well-Being) and 4 (Quality Education). | <urn:uuid:d884b4fa-0bbe-4251-a57e-5105cd2d2740> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://green-reporter.com/fao-and-wfp-join-forces-to-boost-childrens-right-to-food-in-schools-world/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572021.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814083156-20220814113156-00078.warc.gz | en | 0.948945 | 592 | 3.328125 | 3 |
Art lovers will enjoy the recent work by the Tuesday Night Inkers currently showing in the West Gallery at the Tippecanoe Arts Federation.
The majority of this exhibit is made up of small works of art that were produced as the result of a printing process. These woodcuts, linocuts, color reductions and mono-prints are nice examples of the art of producing a numbered edition of an original work of art.
The art of printmaking allows an artist to create numerous copies of a single composition. Each print is considered original because each image may have slightly different characteristics.
The Tuesday Night Inkers meet monthly at the Frankfort Community Public Library; these gatherings are sponsored by the Friends of the Frankfort Library. As with every community-wide art group, there will be varying degrees of technical as well as artistic expertise.
The colored Plexiglas and reduction prints by Flo Caddell are beautifully quiet in their subject matter, yet are joyfully colorful in their presentation. These little gems could easily be overlooked, so viewers should get up close and enjoy the hushed beauty of these works.
Several outstanding prints were produced by an artist whose work I have commented on before. Elias Garza’s imagery is fresh and stimulating, yet simple and straightforward.
In his colored block print titled “Dolores,” the artist shows us the face of a young woman. She looks straight ahead in a concentrated stare as her right hand rests comfortably against the side of her face. There is a Matisse quality to the gentle pose and coloration of this lovely piece.
Garza’s block print titled “Time To Share” is colorfully emotional and direct. The artist’s cuts are precise and not labored. A young woman holds an empty fork near her mouth as she stares at an unseen person across from her. Her eyes seem cold and angry as if lost in a staring contest, neither blinking nor backing down.
During the last couple of years I have run across this artist’s work on several occasions and I must admit that I have never been disappointed. I generally do not give advice to artists that I write about, but I will make an exception in this case:
Mr. Garza, in the future, please print larger editions for your work so that more art lovers may purchase your prints and enjoy them in their homes!
Tom Shafer provides insight about art exhibits in Greater Lafayette. Email him at orieshafer@ hotmail.com.
If you go
What: Tuesday Night Inkers, “A Pressing Matter and Other Challenges”
Where: West Gallery, Tippecanoe Arts Federation, 638 North St.
Hours: 9 a.m.-5 p.m. Monday-Friday
For more information: Call 765-423-2787 or visit tippecanoearts.org. | <urn:uuid:c4f42c7c-a9dc-4822-af41-ac26510bd336> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.jconline.com/story/entertainment/arts/2014/07/17/tom-shafer-review/12690963/?from=global | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283008.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00079-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957791 | 595 | 1.640625 | 2 |
As technology improved, in parallel with the intent to remedy defects, silicone filled implants have progressed through a number of “generations.”
- 1st generation was 1963 with a silicone rubber shell filled with a silicone gel.
- 2nd generation was a thinner shell which ruptured and/or leaked and gave rise to many law suits against Dow Corning and other manufacturers.
- 3rd generation was a hybrid of silicone surrounded by saline and by nature of its complicated structure inevitably had more failures.
- 4th generation saw the introduction of different shapes of prosthesis, different but similar materials in the shell and the gel, and a textured surface to which it was thought the human tissues would adhere and restrict displacement of the prosthesis.
- 5th generation is filled with a denser form of gel.
There was a wave of medico-legal suits in the 90’s and later from women who claimed the silicone gel had reduced life expectancy, caused cancer, auto-immune diseases, fibromyalgia and other conditions. These claims were never substantiated by actuarial or public health studies, in fact they were essentially refuted.
Studies in the US commenced in 1997 under the National Academy of Sciences reported no causal relationship between implants and any disease or other condition, so in 1998 the FDA approved the implant for breast reconstruction and revision. After the National Academy in 1999 reported no associated conditions (other than local) caused by saline or gel implants, the FDA approved saline implants in 2000 for breast augmentation, but not until 2006 did they give conditional approval for the gel-filled model. The equivalent European agencies have been much less cautious.
This 37 year old woman reached her plateau weight after losing 91 pounds following bariatric surgery. She had a breast lift or mastopexy using a technique which leaves behind scars in the shape of an “anchor.”
A breast lift or mastopexy is an operation which rearranges breast tissue so that the new breast shape is typically shorter and rounder. Unfortunately, patients who have lost a large amount of weight often do not have enough breast tissue remaining to rearrange into a naturally appearing breast. This woman was fortunate to have enough breast tissue after a 90 pound weight loss to achieve the breast shape that is visible in her post surgery photographs.
While an implant can provide the volume that is lacking after massive weight loss, the weight of the implant can also be very taxing on compromised skin, such as that which is typical after massive weight loss. Commercially available skin substitutes can provide the strength needed for successful use of implants in such cases.
This 30 year old woman underwent breast augmentation using 180 cc silicone filled breast implants placed partially beneath the pectoralis muscle through an incision along the lower fold of the breast that measured 3 centimeters in length.
Implants can also be inserted through an incision on the edge of the areola, which is the dark colored skin surrounding the nipple. However, when an individual has very small areolas, such as this patient has, this is not possible.
On the other hand, if the areolas are too large or irregularly shaped, they can be resized and reshaped at the same time as a breast augmentation and/or a breast lift is performed. This will, however, result in a scar around the periphery of the new areola. Often, these scars can heal quite well and are less objectionable in their appearance than overly large or irreguarly shaped areolas.
This 39 year old woman had a breast lift or mastopexy using a short scar technique which leaves behind scars in the shape of a “lollipop.” This technique, which I prefer to use, avoids any scars in the cleavage or on the side of the body beneath the arm. This makes swimsuit selection much easier if avoiding visible scars while wearing the swimsuit is a goal.
Candidates for a breast lift or mastopexy must have enough breast tissue to rearrange into a new breast shape that is typically shorter and rounder. If there is not enough breast tissue to rearrange and only excess skin, a situation that can occur when breasts involute following pregnancy, then an implant will be necessary to achieve a natural breast shape following surgery.
These photographs depict a 41 year old woman whose goals after surgery were to have more shapely but not overly large breasts, as her frame was small. She underwent breast augmentation with 158 cc smooth, round, silicone implants.
The implants were placed beneath her pectoralis muscles through an incision in the lower fold of the breast. The post-operative photographs depict her at just under 2 months after surgery. She wears a small B cup bra after surgery.
I apply the same criteria to patients who have had their surgery elsewhere as I do to my own patients. I am typically reluctant to re-operate on a breast augmentation patient for minor issues, because each time one undergoes revision, many of the risks of surgery tend to be multiplied. This is why I spend a great deal of time discussing size preferences and the likely outcome of surgery with my patients pre-operatively. It is said frequently that the most common reason for re-operation of the breasts in women who have had breast augmentation surgery is that they wish to “go bigger.” Ultimately, I feel that this is a poor reason to undergo repeated surgical procedures that can only result in more scar tissue, which is unpredictable, and thinning of the native tissues, which are necessary to cover the implant and provide a natural looking result. I encourage patients to think carefully about the risks of revision in cases where there is not a major problem.More >>
When it comes to deciding what approximate breast size you wish to achieve, the best advice I can give you is that you should be guided by your physical frame. Indeed, you may in fact be limited by it. In my practice, I select implants based upon your chest measurements, the quality of your breast skin and the size of your breasts prior to surgery.
I perform breast augmentation through a peri-areolar or inframammary approach and I place that vast majority of implants at least partially beneath the pectoralis muscle. My patients are welcome to select either saline or silicone filled breast implants. Silicone filled implants can in some cases achieve a more natural feel and may be a particularly attractive option for women with less breast tissue prior to surgery.More >> | <urn:uuid:d725a7df-147f-4235-9601-572895e3ec45> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.drbelsley.com/related-terms/silicone-implants | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.962679 | 1,324 | 2.46875 | 2 |
"The Guilty and the Innocent"
The indictment against humanity is universal, save one.
"Now we know that what things soever the law saith, it saith to them who are under the law: that every mouth may be stopped, and all the world may become guilty before God" (Romans 3:19).
"Christ… through the eternal Spirit offered Himself without spot to God" (Hebrews 9:14).
The Lord Jesus Christ could die for our sins because He had none of His own. He experienced temptation to a degree beyond all others - "in all points tempted like as we are" - but never once did He succumb to His enemies' attempts to mar the necessary perfection of His character and way - "yet without sin" (Hebrews 9:14). Conversely, those born of Adam's race experience temptation to a far lesser measure and degree. We nevertheless have disbelieved and distrusted our Heavenly Father in more ways than any of us can remember or want to acknowledge. Left to ourselves, we are all "guilty before God," whose standard of pristine perfection condemns us to His rejection and wrath against the sin that would destroy His creation if allowed to continue. Thankfully, God does not leave us to ourselves. He rather sent the Lord Jesus to bear His judgment for us, again, the One who could justly die for our sins because He had none of His own. He suffered as "the Just for the unjust" declared the Apostle Peter, whose declaration resounds with the most fundamental truth of the Gospel, the wonder of which we will never fully comprehend (I Peter 3:18).
It is a good idea to frequently return to the altar where we remember the Lord's innocence and our guilt. Upon this acknowledgement, we then affirm that He bore our guilt so that now we bear His innocence. Indeed, on the cross of Calvary, God gave to His Son all that we deserve so that He might give to us all that the Lord Jesus deserves. The "Lamb without blemish and without spot" became our sin-bearer, and even more, was "made to be sin for us" (I Peter 3:19; II Corinthians 5:21). Thereby God made a way to freely impute His righteousness to believers as a free gift. He absolves our guilt on the basis of having applied our guilt to His innocent Son. Again, no more fundamental truth of God's way with humanity exists. And no more fundamental truth must be remembered and reaffirmed with grateful praise. Certainly in eternity we will gaze upon the nail prints on our Savior's glorified hands and feet to over and over again consider the price of our pardon, the sacrifice that secured our salvation, and the Lamb's innocence that became our innocence because He made our guilt His own.
"And they sung a new song, saying, Thou art worthy to take the book, and to open the seals thereof: for thou wast slain, and hast redeemed us to God by thy blood out of every kindred, and tongue, and people, and nation."
"He hath made Him to be sin for us who knew no sin, that we might be made the righteousness of God in Him."
(II Corinthians 5:21)
Weekly Memory Verse
Nevertheless we, according to His promise, look for new heavens and a new earth, wherein dwelleth righteousness.
(II Peter 3:13) | <urn:uuid:e22f0b56-e00a-4f05-a18c-1f4221ff39b0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.orangemooncafe.com/2017/09/the-guilty-and-innocent.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.945758 | 712 | 1.5 | 2 |
This essay has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work written by our professional essay writers.
Focus Question: How do financial statement auditors prepare themselves to audit complex enterprise resource planning systems in order to issue opinions in PCAOB regulated public company audits?
Brazel, Joseph F. "A Measure of Perceived Auditor ERP Systems Expertise: Development, Assessment, and Uses." Managerial Auditing Journal 20.6 (2005): 619-31. ABI/INFORM. Web. 2 Feb. 2011.
This paper studies financial statement auditors' perceived expertise in evaluating ERP systems. The study asked financial statement auditors to evaluate their expertise relative to their peers. Results of the study tended to argue that those auditors with higher perceived expertise in ERP tended to perform better risk assessments and created better substantive audit tests. The study also noted that there was not a strong correlation between ERP expertise and general audit experience. The article concluded that although results were gathered from the study, more studies are necessary to substantiate its findings.
Brody, Richard G., and Grover Kearns. "IT Audit Approaches for Enterprise Resource Planning Systems." Icfai University Journal of Audit Practice 6.2 (2009): 7-26. ABI/INFORM. Web. 28 Jan. 2011.
This paper discusses implementation issues of ERP systems, and the challenges faced by auditors during ERP systems audit. The paper also gives an overview of the audit risk, and discusses certain statements, including the COSO, that provide guidance for ERP audits. The need for ERP auditor expertise, as it relates to ERP audit risk assessment is emphasized, and the paper discusses the use of bull's-eye model in prioritizing complex changes, as a means of decreasing IT audit burden. Certain auditing techniques - useful in ERP system audit - were discussed. The paper concludes that audits of firms with ERP systems should incorporate the use of auditing "through the computer", and "with the computer" techniques.
Esteves, Jose. "A Benefits Realisation Road-map Framework for ERP Usage in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises." Journal of Enterprise Information Management 2nd ser. 22.1 (2009): 25-35. ABI/INFORM. Web. 28 Jan. 2011.
This paper attempts to formulate an implementation framework for implementing ERP systems and ERP system upgrades. Dr. Esteves evaluates the ERP benefits model and the benefits of implementing ERP systems into organizations then breaks down where and when benefits occur during an ERP implementation. He divides ERP benefits into a preparation stage, realization stage, achievement stage, and finally, ERP auditing stage. His ERP auditing discussion debates the necessity of continuously auditing the ERP system and including internal auditors and management in implementation.
Goldberg, Stephen R., and Joseph H. Godwin. "Operational Reviews and Auditing ERP." Journal of Corporate Accounting & Finance 14.4 (2003): 63-65. ABI/INFORM. Web. 28 Jan. 2011.
This article is a review of two books - which includes Integrated Auditing of ERP Systems, by Musaji Yusufali. The article points out the notoriety of ERP systems for being extraordinarily complex, and having numerous implementation risks. The article further explains the concept of integrated auditing in an ERP system.
Hsu, Ko, Jeanne Sylvestre, and Ellen N. Sayed. "Avoiding ERP Pitfalls." Journal of Corporate Accounting & Finance 17.4 (2006): 67-74. ABI/INFORM. Web. 28 Jan. 2011.
This paper evaluates the potential risks associated with ERP systems through various COBIT, COSO, and Sarbanes-Oxley frameworks. It discusses the recent consolidation of the ERP-development industry, the increased demand for ERP systems, and the increased demand for ERP consulting services. It uses some of these developments to discuss emerging issue or "pitfalls" that seem to be developing in business and then evaluates various remedies to mitigate these risks.
Hunton, James E., Arnold M. Wright, and Sally Wright. "Are Financial Auditors Overconfident in Their Ability to Assess Risks Associated with Enterprise Resource Planning Systems?" Journal of Information Systems 18.2 (2004): 7-28. ABI/INFORM. Web. 2 Feb. 2011.
This paper attempts to determine if financial auditors are overconfident in their abilities to audit ERP systems. It references SAS No. 94 to determine if auditors and IT auditors recognize the increased risks of ERP systems compared with legacy systems then goes on to explain the differences in risks amongst the two types of systems. The paper focuses on a study where Big 4 CPE training sessions were developed and carried out with lack of regard for ERP systems despite the fact that significant numbers of clients at those firms utilized ERP systems. It also identifies a lack of communication between financial statement auditors and the IT auditors. There seems to be various reasons why financial statement auditors do not consult the IT auditors for advice and guidance and why financial auditors may have overestimated their skills in auditing ERP systems. These rationales include plain overconfidence in ability to audit complex ERP systems, economic pressures from audit fees, and continually changing dynamics in the audit workspace due to increased technological developments and new regulatory requirements following the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Nevertheless, the general focus of the paper is on the perceived overconfidence of financial statement auditors in their abilities to comprehend and understand complex ERP systems.
Kuhn, John R., and Steve G. Sutton. "Continuous Auditing in ERP System Environments: The Current State and Future Directions." Journal of Information Systems 24.1 (2010): 91-112. ABI/INFORM. Web. 2 Feb. 2011.
This paper states that there is the push for continuous auditing technique in auditing, and provides an overview of continuous auditing in an ERP system environment. The characteristics of continuous auditing through traditional EAM, MCL and modified EAM were discussed. The paper further discusses the challenges and concerns - including from an audit perspective - of implementing EAM into an ERP environment, and explores the limitations of alternative continuous auditing approaches, such as MCL, and EAM ghosting. The paper concludes that it appears that MCL methodology offers the most used alternative. | <urn:uuid:06a67323-377a-4776-aa6c-5919bd1600b6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.ukessays.com/essays/accounting/auditing-complex-enterprise-resource-planning-systems-accounting-essay.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00436-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.907637 | 1,345 | 1.703125 | 2 |
FET file extension - Free Timetabling Software data
What is fet file? How to open fet files?
File type specification:
File extension fet seems to be mainly associated with FET - Free Timetabling Software for Microsoft Windows, a software that allows users to create timetables for a school, high-school or university.
A typical .fet file stores various data used for internal purposes of the FET.
The default software associated to fet file type:
Company or developer:
FET - Free Timetabling Software is free open source utility used for automatically scheduling the timetable of a school, high-school or university.
List of software applications associated to the .fet file extension
Recommended software programs are sorted by OS platform (Windows, Mac OS X etc.) and possible program actions
that can be done with the file: like open fet file, edit fet file, convert fet file, view fet file, play fet file etc. (if exist software for corresponding action in File-Extensions.org's database).
Click on the tab below to simply browse between the application actions, to quickly get a list of recommended software, which is able to perform the specified software action, such as opening, editing or converting of the fet files.
- Import fet file
- Others fet file
Software that import fet file - Free Timetabling Software data
Click on the link to get more information about Free Timetabling Software for import fet file action. | <urn:uuid:20d6b97f-a3e3-41b7-b54e-1efd5b1b19ec> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.file-extensions.org/fet-file-extension | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00013-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.772875 | 302 | 2.203125 | 2 |
An experimental drug co-developed by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. REGN, +1.02% and Sanofi SA (SAN.FR) reduced levels of so-called "bad" cholesterol by 40% to 72% in patients resistant to traditional drugs, according to results from a study released Monday.
The injectable drug, code-named REGN727/SAR236553, binds to a protein called PCSK9. The class of PCSK9 drugs, which includes one being developed by Amgen Inc. AMGN, +0.49% is considered to have big market potential if the drugs are successful in further clinical studies and clear regulatory hurdles. The data, to be presented Monday at the American College of Cardiology's annual conference in Chicago, is from a Phase II trial, and the Sanofi drug is still years away from gaining approval in the U.S.
Traditional statin drugs are used by millions of Americans to lower levels of low-density lipoprotein, the so-called "bad" cholesterol which leads to plaque build-up in the arteries and heart disease. About one in five people with high low-density lipoprotein or LDL levels are resistant to the drugs. The Sanofi drug is designed to add to the effectiveness of statins.
The multicenter trial, funded by Regeneron and Sanofi, randomized 183 patients already taking statins to six groups: a placebo group; three groups who received injections of the Sanofi drug every two weeks at doses of either 50 milligrams, 100 milligrams or 150 milligrams; and two groups who got injections at 200 milligrams and 300 milligrams every four weeks.
LDL cholesterol was lowered by 40% in patients taking 50 milligrams, 64% at 100 milligrams and 72% at 150 milligrams. Meanwhile, LDL was reduced by 43% for patients receiving 200 milligrams and 48% at 300 milligram doses. The placebo group reported a 5% reduction.
James McKenney, chief executive officer of National Clinical Research and the study's lead investigator, called the results "a very hopeful step in the treatment of heart disease in this country."
"Statins are good medicines, and getting a 70% reduction on top of them is remarkable," Dr. McKenney said. He works for a research company that has received funding from Regeneron and Sanofi. | <urn:uuid:96cd300d-94de-4580-93d8-548c3004efc8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.marketwatch.com/story/sanofi-drug-lowered-cholesterol-levels-in-study-2012-03-26 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00321-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955493 | 493 | 2.140625 | 2 |
The City of Aspen envisions a future with drastically reduced greenhouse gas emissions and improved air quality.
As of 2017, 24% of Aspen’s community greenhouse gas emissions are attributable to on-road vehicular transportation. The Climate Action Team recommends in the 2017 Electric Vehicle Readiness Plan to increase the ratio of electric vehicles (EVs) in Aspen to help reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
While we encourage you to walk, bike, take public transit, and carpool before using a personal vehicle, when driving a car is required, EVs are the best option to support Aspen’s environmental sustainability. This is especially true when EVs are charged on a low-carbon electric grid, such as the 100% renewably sourced Aspen Electric.
Our hope is to support you in your journey towards increased sustainability by providing you access to free EV charging stations and resources to keep and maintain electric vehicles. | <urn:uuid:70ef3d94-52ed-4501-8f99-96431397883f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cityofaspen.com/541/Electric-Vehicles | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572215.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815235954-20220816025954-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.929733 | 185 | 2.4375 | 2 |
Visit our ClinicSuite 404
14 Lexington Drive
Bella Vista, NSW, Australia
Traditional Acupuncture can treat a wide variety of conditions and issues. Many people are surprised that acupuncture can treat internal organs and related issues, but it has been used successfully for centuries.
More information about Acupuncture and Chinese medicine in Australia can be found at AACMA (Australian Acupuncture & Chinese Medicine Association).
Based on your individual circumstances and history, our experienced staff will combine an array of techniques into a cohesive treatment plan tailored just for you!
It is extremely important that before any treatment the acupuncturist performs an accurate diagnosis of the patient's condition.
We use Classical Chinese Medicine theories to diagnose sources of disharmony. To make a diagnosis, we gather information from:
These techniques give the practitioner enough information to diagnose problems, interpret stagnant or excessive Qi and blood flow deficiencies with their corresponding five-element and yin-yang imbalances.
The therapist then makes a treatment plan based on the information gathered and their knowledge of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
Apart from Acupuncture, Chinese Herbal Medicine is perhaps the most widely used Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) treatment modality. Used together, acupuncture and Herbal medicine can be extremely effective for the treatment of illness and in the optimization of health and prevention of disease.
Different herbs have different properties and can balance particular parts of the body. Some of the herbs, such as ginger, garlic and cinnamon you may find in your kitchen, while others such as chrysanthemum are more likely to be found in your garden. There are also many you will might not recognise.
We can prescribe a herbal formula that is precisely designed for your condition at any given time. We supply herbs in pill form, granules and raw, which can then be cooked and prepared at home.
Chinese Herbal Medicine won't build up in your body or produce harmful side effects like many prescription drugs and synthetic supplements.
Chinese Herbal Medicine are less likely to build up harmful side effects associated with many prescription drugs or synthetic supplements.
Cupping is a lesser-known treatment (outside of Asia) that is also part of Traditional Chinese Medicine. It can be used by itself or in conjunction with an acupuncture treatment.
Suction is created in small glass cups by placing them over a small flame, then placing the cup on the skin. Flames are never used near the skin, but rather are a means to create the heat that creates a vacuum within the cup.
The cups are left in place for about five to ten minutes whilte the patient relaxes. After removing the cups, you may see some red or purple circular markings on your skin. The colour normally fades away after 3 to 6 days.
We use different cupping techniques for different treatment purposes.
Our mission is to continually improve and hone our skills in traditional Chinese medicine in order to better service the diverse health needs we encounter throughout our communities.
I feel lucky to be an acupuncturist. I must have been born for it. I didn't know this until I became mature aged.
I had graduated as a pharmacist and worked in hospitals for many years. When I was young, my mother always encouraged me to study Chinese medicine and acupuncture, but I ignored her advice. When she passed away from cancer, I still ignored her wishes.
But my mother’s wish would years later have a lasting impact on my life — one day I woke up and wanted to study Chinese medicine. And I did. I eventually became an acupuncturist, a good acupuncturist. I never thought I would be so happy in my career as this. It is not just a career. It is my interest and my hobby. I want to help other people resolve their medical problems in a simple and effective way. I love sharing this ancient medical art with everyone.
Life is simple and full of reflections of universal beauty. My interest and skill is the observation of the body and feeling the different pulses to diagnose and treat patients.
Our clinic is located in Norwest Business Park, Bella Vista.Address and contact
Our treatments are covered by all major health funds.
For acute conditions, normally between two (2) to five (5) treatments.
For chronic conditions, it depends on your condition, lifestyle, and constitution. It will normally require more than six (6) sessions.
We recommend that after you complete your treatments that you continue look after yourself. Just like you service your car, you should regularly service your body. Acupuncture is best way to balance your mind and body as well as a preventive method for your general health and ageing.
The initial consultation will take between 1 and 1.5 hours.
Subsequent treatments should take bewteen 45 minutes and 1 hour.
The most important thing to do first is to diagnose your condition according to Chinese Medicine principles. We will ask you questions and observe your general presentation. This is usually followed by observation of your tongue, body shape and facial complexion. Finally we will feel your pulse to measure your constitution and current condition.
This will form the basis for the proposed acupuncture treatment and/or herbal formula.
Before you come in for treatment should not have a too full or too empty stomach. After treatment you should drink a small amount of warm tea or water to help detoxify your body. If you feel the need to go to toilet, it is a good sign that the body is detoxifying.
On the evening after treatment you should have an early night sleep (before 10.30pm) to gain maximum treatment effects.
We have a reminder system. You will receive a text message the day before your appointment. If you need reschedule your appointment please call us as soon as you receive the reminder.
If you need cancel your appointment you should give us at less 2 hours notice as your appointment time is reserved for you. Otherwise you will be charged a $50 cancellation fee. | <urn:uuid:52e5e00a-74af-4cc2-a703-0d450556513c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://weiling.clinic/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.947859 | 1,225 | 1.757813 | 2 |
1 Sitio(s) de ejecución
Borkovichy is located on the banks of the Drissa River, about 40km northwest of Polotsk. Historically, Borkovichy was known as a trading center because of its famous trading fairs that took place regularly. The proximity of the town to the railway played a significant role in the establishment of trade, and Jews were predominant in the trade industry. Most of the shops in Borkovichy were located on the central street, Sovetskaya Street today. The cemetery of the local Jewish community has since been destroyed. According to the testimonies of Tevel, a local Jewish man who immigrated before the Second World War, there was a yeshiva, but not all Jewish children attended it as they were not very religious. In the 1920s, as a result of persecutions against the wealthy inhabitants of Borkovichy, many Jews fled, moving to larger cities, like Polotsk or Riga.
The Germans occupied Borkovichy in July 1941. The majority of the Jews managed to flee or were evacuated before the Germans’ arrival. Approximately 100 Jews remained in the village and continued to live in their homes until they were rounded up. In the fall of 1941, the remainder of Borkovichy Jews were rounded up, taken outside the village, and shot. More than likely, the executions took place in the ditches alongside the road. According to the ‘myshtetl’ website, based on the testimony of survivors, the head of the Borkovichy military police carried out the execution.
¿Tiene información adicional con respecto a un pueblo que le gustaría compartir con Yahad?
Por favor contáctenos a email@example.com
o llamando a Yahad – In Unum at +33 (0) 1 53 20 13 17 | <urn:uuid:b9b220b2-9782-4787-9c40-be62e6df24cd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.yahadmap.org/es/borkovichy-borkavicy-vitebsk-bielorrusia/village-1818 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00467.warc.gz | en | 0.973526 | 402 | 2.953125 | 3 |
America's longest war isn't taking place in Afghanistan.
It's being waged across urban cities and rural hamlets here.
And it has been a catastrophic failure.
That's the premise of a seminal documentary that PBS will air Monday night. It's hard to disagree.
"The House I Live In" chronicles the 40-year-old "War on Drugs." The price has been devastating, financially and socially.
The assault that began during the Nixon administration has cost more than $1 trillion and led to an astounding 45 million arrests. Yet drug use has remained virtually unchanged in the United States, narcotics are purer than before, and the ages of sellers has lurched downward.
I watched a copy of the film this week. It's aired in community settings and at select theaters around the country. The PBS broadcast will make it available to a larger audience.
Powerful and discomfiting, the film doesn't pretend solutions will be easy.
Eugene Jarecki wrote, directed and co-produced it. His exhaustive account takes to the streets with police officers on drug raids, interviews prisoners in fortress-like penitentiaries, and dissects misguided social policies with academics.
A federal judge laments the mandatory minimum sentences that have locked up so many drug users and dealers, but only a few kingpins.
A top prison guard in Lexington, Okla., acknowledges the war's shortcomings. He also cites the jail-industrial complex that demands beds be filled.
Prisoners admit their crimes. But they question why their nonviolent offenses merit such long stretches.
Professors point out that many adults have turned to the illegal drug trade after the loss of so many blue-collar jobs.
The disappearance of men from so many families has made it tougher for the women and children left behind.
It's impossible to come away thinking the mantra of "lock-'em-all-up" is sustainable - or even wise. It costs nearly $79 a day to keep an inmate behind bars - 20 times the daily cost of probation.
"It's absolutely true that drugs have destroyed lives," says David Simon in the film. Simon is the journalist who created "The Wire," an uncompromising HBO series. "But... what drugs haven't destroyed, the war against them has."
This too must be said:
The war has been a naked assault on blacks, Latinos and poor whites. That may not have been the intent, but it's surely been the result.
For example, blacks comprise just 13 percent of the population and 14 percent of drug users. They are 37 percent of the people arrested for drug offenses - and 56 percent of those behind bars for drug crimes.
How is that justice?
Criminals are a menace to their communities. Many shouldn't be allowed to roam the streets.
But where do you draw the line? Haven't we gone too far, especially in sentencing, especially for nonviolent crimes?
Four out of five drug arrests in 2007 were for possession, not sale or manufacture.
Chesapeake police Chief Kelvin Wright told me he's going to enforce the laws on the books. Yet, the 31-year veteran thinks there are better options when handling drug offenses.
"We should... look at drug abuse as a public health issue instead of a crime," he said.
I have no simple, glib answers. We as a nation should, however, admit it's crazy to continue on this course. With just 5 percent of the world's people, we have 25 percent of the prison population.
"It would be one thing if it were draconian and it worked," Simon notes. "But it's draconian, and it doesn't work."
That's a damning indictment.
Roger Chesley, 757-446-2329, email@example.com, pilotonline.com/chesley, www.facebook. com/RogerChesley | <urn:uuid:f6415851-5bd3-439b-9b5e-8570ba0c81bb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.pilotonline.com/news/columns/article_48e108a0-5e7d-5bff-9057-7f39869cf90f.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00470.warc.gz | en | 0.961754 | 810 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Chem Demo Team
The Chem Demo Team consists of a group of Notre Dame students who demonstrate hands-on activities for Indiana school-children to encourage and develop their interest in science. They share significant research, conduct experiments for them to observe, and oversee the children's participation in their chemistry activities.
Celebrate Science Indiana
DNA Learning Center
A hands-on science center devoted to modern biology education, the DNA Learning Center will prepare local elementary through high school students to thrive in the gene age. This advanced science education center will be the ideal teaching tool to inspire young students to pursue careers in science and to build a knowledge base that will extend into their educational and post-educational careers. As a licensee of the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory DNA Learning Center in New York, the Notre Dame DNA Learning Center utilizes teaching methods, Internet technology and intellectual property of DNALC such as specialized DNA learning kits that include reagents, supplies, equipment checklists, lab instructions and manuals for learning modern biology.
Digital Visualization Theater
The Digital Visualization Theater in the Jordan Hall of Science is a state-of-the-art projection facility in a 50-foot-tall dome that is used for instruction across the University. Throughout the year, there are also presentations for the campus community and for the public, including a Christmas star program in December.
Rare Disease Day Symposium
The Center for Rare & Neglected Diseases hosts an annual public forum on providing emerging experimental therapies led by local rare disease patients and their physicians. Updates from Notre Dame faculty and visiting researchers/clinicians on the latest research in lysosomal storage disorders, rare cancers and more broadly in rare inherited syndromes is presented and there is a poster session featuring Notre Dame student and faculty research in rare diseases.
The St. Joseph County Public Library’s Science Alive! program is going into the 23rd year in spring 2014. The event attracts STEM exhibitors from around the county for a day of hands-on learning open to the entire community. The University of Notre Dame has been consistently represented by individual faculty as well as groups from the College of Science. The Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Quarknet Center, and CHEM Demo teams are regular contributors.
Science Café offers a monthly casual gathering in downtown South Bend to promote scientific interest and literacy in the community. The events introduce new topics in science and engineering and invite audience participation.
The Experiencing Technology and Hands on Science (ETHOS) Center in Elkhart, Ind. holds an annual STEM outreach event where exhibitors provide hands-on activities geared toward kids grades K-12 and open to the general public. The Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Quarknet Center, and CHEM Demo teams are regular contributors. For current event information visits | <urn:uuid:ac4f618d-b567-4a8a-a313-1bcc14decd19> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://science.nd.edu/outreach/generalpublic/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.922281 | 580 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Art is one of the things that makes life enjoyable. Rare indeed is the person who derives no pleasure from any music, painting, theatre, literature, poetry or other art form. Great art is more than just a diversion from our everyday travails; it can uplift our spirits and deepen our thoughts.
Artists, of course, cannot produce or perform without financial sustenance. Individuals who appreciate their efforts provide that support, by purchasing works, buying tickets and making donations to organizations. There is a market for art and those artists who succeed the best in providing others with the kind of art they desire will thrive; those who produce art that satisfies very few will of necessity soon find something else to do. In this respect, art is no different from any other occupation.
A free market in art is just as important and beneficial as a free market in other goods and services. Free markets provide people with the optimal amounts of the vast assortment of goods and services by balancing the demand for each against the demand for the others. Art is important, but so is food, clothing, housing, vacations, cars, insurance, personal hygiene and grooming, etc. What keeps us from having too much of any of these things? Our ability to determine and change our spending. If a person feels that he is spending too much on "A" and would benefit from more of "B" instead, he will simply adjust his spending pattern. The free market allows each person to make his own decisions according to his own values and circumstances.
Alas, in art as in many other fields, some people want to override or at least supplement the personal decision making of the market with political decision making. A proposal currently in the state legislature would allow for the establishment of "cultural districts." The board of a "cultural district" would be empowered to submit to the voters of the district a proposal for a tax upon all non-exempt real tangible personal property of up to 1.5 mills. If approved, such a tax could remain in place for up to 10 years. The board would then allocate the funds raised by this "arts tax" to any "cultural organization" (the definition of which is extremely broad) that is located within the district.
The "arts tax" envisioned by the supporters of this idea would mean that a majority of those who vote would impose their wishes on not only the minority who voted against the tax, but also the always large number of people who did not vote. People wouldn't just be "taxing themselves" for something they wanted; they would also be imposing taxes on everyone else for things they may not want at all, or want less than something else.
The only way to ensure that we get the right amount of art and the kinds of art that people really want is to allow individuals to decide how to spend their own money for it. If you think that a certain artist or group merits greater support, you can "tax" yourself by increasing your support; you can also try to convince others to do the same. But just as you wouldn't want your preferences forcibly overridden if other people could take away some of your money and have the government dole it out to their favorite uses, you shouldn't think that you are entitled to have the government subsidize your favorite things, no matter how important you regard them to be, by taking money away from others.
Throughout most of our history, we left arts funding entirely to individual choices. America has a great history of artists, musicians, poets, writers and dancers who succeeded without ever obtaining a dime from government and would have been shocked at the suggestion that they were entitled to one. Recently, as government funding for the arts has been reduced, numerous organizations have found that they were able to make up the loss of funds by going to individuals and private organizations and making the case that they should increase their support. In 1980, WKAR-TV (Lansing's public TV station) raised $811,000 from non-governmental sources. In 1995, the station raised $2,119,000 from nongovernmental sources--more than two and a half times as much. The Detroit Institute of Arts has raised $105 million from contributors in just the last five years.
Are private contributions "enough" to sustain the arts, though? Asking the question that way implies that there is some absolute level of need for art to which "adequate" revenues must be obtained, if not from contributions then from taxation. But there is no more an absolute level of need for art than there is an absolute level of need for, say, sports. Instead, the level of arts, sports, and everything else must and will adjust to the amount that people desire to spend on them.
Just because something is "good" doesn't mean that it must be supported by government. The arts are very important, but they belong within the domain of voluntary individual and social action, not the domain of politics. Indeed, the arts are far too important to be dependent upon government. | <urn:uuid:fcee4315-af0c-4d0a-b438-387aef25d904> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.mackinac.org/V1996-18 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00299-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.978168 | 1,022 | 2.203125 | 2 |
Northgate Surgery Online
Accessible Information Standard
All organisations that provide NHS or adult social care must follow the Accessible Information Standard by law. The Accesible Information Standard aims to make sure that disabled people have access to information that they can understand and any communication support that they might need.
If you or your carer(s) have any communication/information needs relating to a disability, impairment or sensory loss. we will try to respond to those needs.
We want to get better at communicating with our patients. We want to make sure you can read and understand the information that we send you. If you find it hard to read our letters or if you need someone to support you at appointments, please let us know. We want to know if you need information in braille, large print or easy read. We want to know if you need a British Sign Language interpreter or advocate. We want to know if we can support you to lipread or use a hearing aid or communication tool. Please tell the receptionist when you arrive for your next appointment, or call us on 01889 562010.
As part of the Accessible Information Standard, we will do five things:
1. Ask you if you have any information or communication needs, and find out how to meet them.
2. Record these needs in a set way.
3. Highlight these needs in your file and clearly explain how they should be met.
4. Share information about your needs with other NHS and social care providers if we have consent to do so.
5. Make sure that you get information in an accessible way and can access any communication support if you need it.
For more information on the Accessible Information Standard please visit the NHS England website.
Friends and Family Test
Would you recommend this service to friends and family?
The NHS friends and family test (FFT) is an important opportunity for you to provide feedback on the services that provide your care and treatment. Your feedback will help NHS England to improve services for everyone.
How does it work?
After your appointment you will be asked to answer the following question: "How likely are you to recommend our GP practice to friends and family if they needed similar care or treatment? You will be invited to respond to the question by choosing one of six options, ranging from "extremely likely" to "extremely unlikely". You will also have the opportunity to explain why you have given your answer, so please answer any follow-up questions.
You may answer the question by completing one of the postcards in the surgery, or online via our webiste when you get home. Click here to complete the online FFT surgery.
Click here for all the ways you are able to submit your repeat prescription request.
Click here to find out about the chemists who may supply you with the appropriate medication for your condition under the Pharmacy Minor Ailments Scheme.
Northgate Surgery serves Uttoxeter town and the surrounding villages. Our team includes three full time GPs, two practice nurses, one health care assistant and three dispensers, as well as our practice manager, administration and reception staff.
At your Service
We offer a full general practice service and run specialist clinics for travel advice, childhood immunisations, contraception, pregnant women, heart disease, diabetes and asthma care. We perform some minor surgery and see minor injuries. We offer an on-site dispensing service for those living more than one mile from the town pharmacies.
We aim to treat all our patients promptly, courteously and in complete confidence.
As well as a source of information about our practice, the staff and the services we provide, we hope you will use this website as a useful resource for other health-related information. Please have a look around and do send us some feedback if you like. We can use your ideas to improve our online services and further develop the content of this site.
Notice to Patients - Extended Hours
We now offer an extended hours session on Monday evenings between 18:30 and 19:30 for patients unable to attend during normal opening hours.
(Site updated 04/01/2017) | <urn:uuid:08c28f9a-7dff-4b12-bad5-41e2d342397c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.thenorthgatesurgery.co.uk/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00239-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.924476 | 845 | 1.640625 | 2 |
@Sharrona - Early in his ministry, the Savior told the apostles to only go to
the tribes of Israel. As I indicated, He later revised His instructions when He
deemed it was the right time.
The article says North Korea's Constitution guarantees freedom of religion.
The U.S. Constitution does also, I pray we stop heading down the the road that
leads to North Korea's definition of "freedom of religion".
Thanks for the history lesson, but weren't we discussing the future? How
else could we read ironclay's gloomy forecast?
RE:Mark B, Where does he get this stuff? i.e…,Matthew was in
Parthia, and Ethiopia, in which latter country he suffered martyrdom, being
slain with a halberd in the city of Nadabah, A.D. 60. .Andrew the
brother of Peter. He preached the gospel to many Asiatic nations. at Edessa he
was crucified on a cross, the two ends of which were fixed transversely in the
ground. Hence the derivation of the term, St. Andrew's CrossThomas preached the Gospel in Parthia and India, pagan priests, killed him
with a spear.Zelotes, preached the Gospel in Mauritania, Africa, and even
in Britain, where he was crucified, A.D. 74.the Church daily
increased, deeply rooted in the doctrine of the apostles and of men apostolical,
and was watered with the blood of saints.RE: Gmlewis The Savior
told his apostles to only teach the Israelites? Wrong, (Mt 28:19 )
Go ye therefore, and teach=(make disciples, mathēteuō,G.3100)all
nations, baptizing=(baptize,G.907) them in the name of the Father, and of the
Son, and of the Holy Spirit=(pneuma).
I can't agree with brokenclay that believers are about to be subject to
jail and/or execution in this country. Where does he get this stuff?
The Savior told his apostles to only teach the Israelites.Peter
received a revelation that the time had now come to baptize the GentilesPaul and his companions went to synogogs first, and when they were
rejected they then went to the Gentiles.The Lord is capable of
forming His own strategy, and He reveals that strategy to his servants the
prophets.Our Savior knows the best course to take to get the nations
to voluntarily open their doors to His authorized servants. He will tell the
prophet when the time is right for each nation.I'm glad the LDS
Church is patient enough to do it His way.
RE: Californian#1@94131. Go ye therefore, and teach “all nations”,
baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost
(Mt 28:19). A command not a suggestion. i.e.. Peter, James, John,
Paul… did not play it safe,or .Dietrich Bonhoeffer a German
Lutheran pastor, theologian, anti-Nazi, and was a staunch in his resistance to
the Nazi dictatorship. He strongly opposed Hitler's euthanasia program and
genocidal persecution of the Jews. His writings on
Christianity's role in the secular world have become widely influential,
and many have labelled his book The Cost of Discipleship a modern classic.“I cannot make that choice from security." He returned to
Germany from the safety of the U.S. on the last scheduled steamer to cross the
Atlantic.He was arrested in April 1943 by the Gestapo and executed
by hanging in April 1945. just 23 days before the German surrender.
** "... it's the traditional Christians who are the ones sticking
their necks out for the sake of the message." **Two LDS
missionaries were just robbed at knifepoint in Russia by someone were teaching
the gospel. They aren't the first to be victimized; others have been
robbed, beaten, raped, even killed. A movie you can currently see in theatres is
about two elders kidnapped in Russia in 1998. They didn't stick their necks
out?** "... even though, according to the LDS prophets, we are
all corrupted and our preachers only do what they do for the money." **Wow, this is either a misunderstanding or a distortion. I'm not the
one to decide which.Back-door evangelizing makes the path rougher
for future church activities. There is value in following the laws of the lands
and maintaining good relations with governments as we advance the Kingdom. That
is institutional policy in the LDS Church. As a result, there are temples in
East Germany and Russia, another being built in Rome, where we are delighted to
be neighbors with another great Christian church, and the BYU center in
Jerusalem. In other words, as brokenclay says---** "The proof
is in the pudding." **
It is amazing to me how threatened atheists are by one Christian missionary. And
they should be. You can only tell people chairs don't have chair makers for
so long, and that irreligious oppression is preferable to freedom in Christ.Ranch-- as noted in the article, both the missionary and his wife knew
full well what the consequences could be for his actions, and they have both
accepted those consequences, for as the apostle says, it is better to obey God
than men. And when the secular agenda for power does gain the upperhand in
America and is finally able to enforce its beliefs, and it will in my
generation, then they will have to imprison or execute us, for might does not
make right, and conviction will stand without convenience.It's
also of note that it's the traditional Christians who are the ones sticking
their necks out for the sake of the message, even though, according to the LDS
prophets, we are all corrupted and our preachers only do what they do for the
money. The proof is in the pudding.
If you are going to break the law in a country like North Korea, you should
expect to pay the penalties of breaking the law as defined by North Korea. You
reap what you sow.
Like Coots, he knew what they were before he picked them up! | <urn:uuid:27296216-5263-4f25-b3eb-59ab3bdd0cee> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.deseretnews.com/user/comments/765648018/Family-Australian-missionary-held-in-North-Korea.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00254-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965395 | 1,363 | 1.578125 | 2 |
Archery is one of the oldest sports of all, and many prehistoric societies around the world developed the bow and arrow for hunting and warfare, from Native Americans to African hunters to tribes in the Pacific, and today, while farms have largely replaced the need for game hunting, archery still stands today as a popular recreational sport and a means of hunting legal game for an outdoor adventure. Modern bows are much different than the simple wooden bows used in ages past; today’s bows come in a variety of shapes and features to fit archers of different strength and for different purposes, and accessories such as sights can be fixed onto them for better shooting. Those looking to get into recreational archery for the first time can get an archery training bow to help them learn the basics, and archery training may also include using an archery app on a smart phone to keep track of scores and maintain a training schedule. Archery is more popular today than some may realize, and archery rehab devices are also available for those needing physical therapy.
This time-honored sport is practiced by many Americans today, from kids to seasoned adults. Archers are a part of the larger body of outdoors and hunting enthusiasts, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Survey found that 101.6 million Americans take part in hunting, fishing, and wildlife activities in the year 2016, which is 40% of the entire American population. For archery in particular, as of 2016, nearly 7.9 million people aged six and up took part in this sport, and more women are getting involved, too, showing archery’s increasing diversity. U.S. Census Bureau information shows that more women are starting to hunt over the last 10 years, and they make up 11% of all American hunters today. Similarly, studies done for the Archery Trade Association show that nearly four million women take part in archery, either for target shooting or game hunting. This sport even appears in the Olympics, and those interested in the outdoors can hunt game such as turkeys or deer with archery, or else simply take part in target practice, and there are plenty of leagues and tournaments where target archers can compete.
Getting Into Archery
Archery is something that everyone is familiar with, since a bows and arrows are a universal idea, and crude models can be made out of nearly anything when a flexible bow, a string, and an arrow are fashioned. For proper archery today with real equipment, a beginner can bet an archery training app to log their efforts, such as their scores (to see if they are improving their aim), set up a schedule for training, and share this and other information with their trainer or league to keep everyone updated (and get updates from other trainees in return). Trainer bows will probably have a lower draw weight, meaning that less strength is needed to fully draw the string back, and as a person trains with archery, they will develop certain muscles and can move on to heavier bows that shoot arrows further and with greater force. This gets an archer ready for either hunting or target practice or even tournaments, and once their skills are developed, they can compete with many other archers.
Archery rehab devices, meanwhile, are often low-weight bows wi9th rubber strings that are easy to draw back, and archery rehab devices can be useful as a part of a person’s physical rehab and therapy. No actual arrows are launched, and the archery rehab devices have rubber strings that are easy to draw, so this is different than real shooting. Archery rehab devices can be useful for those who hurt themselves with real archery, such as harming a joint or pulling a muscle, so when they are ready, they can use archery rehab devices to ease their bodies back into the effort of drawing a bow without the strain of using a real one. Archery rehab devices might also be useful for those who want to maintain their draw muscles in between hunting seasons or archery events, but without the risk of pulling a muscle or straining a joint and thus ruining their ability to shoot. | <urn:uuid:1c14f266-cbdc-4782-a5d1-63272223b68f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://seadhin.org/archery-accessories-for-training-and-rehab/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.964899 | 838 | 2.71875 | 3 |
for Health Care Providers
The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Veterans Health Administration (VHA) is the largest single provider of HIV care in the United States. To date, nearly 64,000 Veterans with HIV have received care in VHA. In 2008, over 23,000 HIV infected Veterans were seen by VHA clinicians; their care was delivered in every one of VHA's 21 Veterans Integrated Service Networks (VISNs) across the United States. Overall, 5.6 million Veterans were treated by VHA in 2008, thus about one of every 250 Veterans in care at VHA is living with HIV/AIDS. The number of HIV-infected Veterans in care has been relatively stable over the past 5 years with approximately 9% entering VHA care and approximately 9% leaving (including deaths) VHA care in a given year. VISN caseloads range from 354 to 3,100 HIV infected Veterans while local healthcare systems care for between 2 and 1,200 such Veterans. The typical Veteran with HIV/AIDS is male (97%), 53 years old, and is receiving antiviral medications to treat HIV (80%). VHA is at the forefront of managing persons with HIV/AIDS who have conditions associated with advancing age including heart disease, diabetes and cancers. The most common co-morbidities in Veterans with HIV/AIDS in 2008 were depression (51%), hypertension (49%), and dyslipidemias (43%). One out of four had chronic hepatitis C virus infection and 7% had chronic hepatitis B virus infection.
Nationally, Veterans with HIV/AIDS receive high quality care at the VHA as reflected in rates of guideline-concordant HIV-specific care, recommended prophylaxis, vaccination, and screening for conditions important to public health, although room for improvement exists. National rates of adherence to specific recommendations for care in VHA for Veterans with HIV/AIDS receiving care in 2008 include: hepatitis C screening 96%, Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) prophylaxis 86%, routine CD4+ lymphocyte count and HIV viral load testing 79%, hepatitis B screening and vaccination 77%, Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) prophylaxis 75%, pneumococcal vaccination 72%, influenza vaccination 59%, tuberculosis screening 59%, and annual syphilis screening 48%. Geographic variability (across VISNs and local healthcare systems) is limited for most of these rates; however enough variation exists for some rates to merit further investigation.
This document provides a descriptive report; it is not meant to be exhaustive nor provide the type of statistical analyses that allow inferences to be drawn. The VA's Public Health Strategic Healthcare Group (PHSHG) uses this data to understand care regionally and locally in order to design targeted interventions and identify topics requiring additional investigation about care delivery, thus assisting to improve care for our nation's Veterans. | <urn:uuid:c66a111a-52c1-4d1a-9384-364cdfdcf136> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.hiv.va.gov/provider/policy/state-of-care/summary.asp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00388-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945912 | 592 | 2.703125 | 3 |
9 Well being Advantages of Massage
9 Well being Advantages of Massage
When you've got overall health disorders, which include high blood pressure, most cancers, diabetic issues or panic, you might take advantage of massage. Massage offers a enormous amount of Added benefits. It boosts your blood circulation, pores and skin health and fitness and the operation of your digestive and urinary methods. Apart from this, it improves the rest, development and immunity of an infant. Like a issue of simple fact, standard periods of therapeutic massage guarantee your Bodily and psychological overall health. Read more to understand much more.
Well being Benefits Of Massage
Some great benefits of therapeutic massage can transform your Life style. Due to this fact, you should be able to delight in your life much more. Offered below are some of the outstanding wellness advantages of it:
There is not any require to explain that anxiousness as well as other psychological issues are all the rage these days. If you wish to lower your stress, obtaining a massage is a good idea. Kids and Older people can cut down their strain likewise.
Medical professionals from all worldwide propose that infants should also get massage. The key reason why is the fact it can help the infants obtain excess weight, especially the untimely babies. Besides this, it strengthens the muscle tissues of the new child infants.
Aside from anxiety, it can help you Regulate your blood sugar degree. That's why experts 출장마사지 endorse therapeutic massage periods to prevent diabetic issues in Young children.
The immune method of your body is robust ample to battle bacterial infections and viruses. And to make your immunity more powerful, you need to receive a therapeutic massage frequently. As being a make any difference of actuality, it's going to Develop your protecting cells for neutralizing viruses that will result in cancer. What's more, a robust immune method performs an important function in keeping you in fantastic form.
Therapeutic massage periods can lessen the suffering and nervousness in cancer clients. The fact of your subject is that it's a present for cancer sufferers.
If you cannot snooze, you will get a therapeutic massage for a few relief and leisure. Because of this, you will be able to get well rest during the night time, particularly if you have a slumber problem. At the end of a occupied day, you can find oneself massaged to get rid of the exhaustion and also to recharge your batteries.
When you've got a malfunctioning cardiac technique, you can get a therapeutic massage to return your heart to its exceptional operational degree.
Soon after surgical procedure, information might help people minimize their feelings of soreness. Aside from this, it might also Provide you with aid from reduced again ache and migraine ache. A person weekly session is enough to make a substantial reduction within your agony and suffering.
Therapeutic massage enhances the blood circulation in Your whole body. Your heart receives adequate oxygen and you simply are more unlikely to possess a heart assault.
Do you've neck suffering or reduce again discomfort? If that is so, you may be hunting for a good expert. Perfectly, you'll be able to unquestionably see a physician, but prior to deciding to do that, we advise that you simply provide a visit a concept therapy. These therapies happen to be known to operate for Many individuals and they may work for you far too. | <urn:uuid:917ec3c5-f9fb-42a0-a080-85c8564fb232> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://judahhwjsd.theblogfairy.com/14591905/9-well-being-advantages-of-massage | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.934589 | 736 | 1.65625 | 2 |
There are two ways to create an Agenda:
1. Within the Agenda Module
Enter your Agenda module by clicking on the parent Agenda menu* which should appear along the top of your screen, or within a dropdown in that top section.
Once you're in the Agenda module, you can click on the Add Agenda icon on the top right of your screen to start creating an agenda.
2. Within the Resources module
If you're within a Resources folder, you can also create an Agenda directly from this page. At the top right of your screen will be a small icon with 3 dots (the More icon). Clicking this will prompt a number of actions for you to choose from, select Create Agenda to open a new one in the Agenda module.
The Agenda Builder
The Agenda Builder has a split screen view. The left side of the agenda builder is for creating and selecting content.
The right side of the screen is a preview of the Agenda - which also gives you the ability to re-order Agenda items and add times and descriptions to each item. Folders and files from the left side of the screen can be dragged and dropped to the desired location in the right side.
On the left-hand-side you must add an Agenda Name - where you can title your agenda. You may want to include dates in the title to easily distinguish them if you have a lot of Agendas.
You can also Link Calendar Events - linking the meeting to an existing event in your Calendar module where an address and map are also displayed.
You can add a Custom Agenda Item, or select an item from your Resources to add as an agenda item.
On the right-hand-side you can also add an Item Description, times/duration for each item, and also add Presenter information by clicking the edit icon next to each item.
At the bottom of the left side is Agenda Settings whereby you can select to use Automatic Numbering for your agenda items, select a custom icon for your agenda, and also add Permissions.
Once you have finished you will need to Save your agenda.
* Depending on the customisation of your platform, the Agenda menu item might not always be in the parent menu but may be located under another parent menu item. | <urn:uuid:06175be1-56e1-40b7-a006-f4d2bb968c58> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://help.intelligencebank.com/hc/en-us/articles/206287373 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.86255 | 467 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Stop Tossing Your Banana Peel on the Trail
That "organic litter" you just threw? It'll still be around in a year.
Get full access to Outside Learn, our online education hub featuring in-depth fitness, nutrition, and adventure courses and more than 2,000 instructional videos when you sign up for Outside+.
Pop quiz: You’re biking with a friend, zipping along a semi-rural road, when your buddy pulls a banana from his jersey, peels it with his teeth, and flings the skin into the ditch. What do you say?
a. “Dude! That’s littering.”
b. “Dude! What the fuck?”
c. Nothing, because I don’t want to make waves.
d. Nothing, because I don’t see the problem.
A lot of people, I think, would opt for C or D. Well, I’m here to make a case for A. Or, if you don’t shy from strong language, B. The old hikers’ maxim “Take nothing but pictures, leave nothing but footprints” doesn’t make an exception for food scraps—and it shouldn’t.
“But it’s just a banana peel,” I imagine some of you saying. “It’s organic, it’ll decompose!” That’s a common justification for tossing banana peels, apple cores, and so on out a car window or along a trail. The hypothetical cyclist from our quiz would almost certainly reach for that defense.
It’s true, technically, that apple cores and banana peels are natural. But natural litter is still litter. And this stuff doesn’t disappear nearly as fast as you might think. (Incidentally, I have a friend who swears it’s OK to dispose of his gum by spitting it out on the ground, because—wait for it—“it will decompose.” This friend is wrong. And gross.)
Some folks seem to assume that fruits and vegetables left outside will shrivel, turn black, and disintegrate in a matter of hours, like a time-lapse video from middle school biology. In fact, an apple core can take two months to decompose; a banana skin or orange peel, two years, leaving plenty of time for animals who shouldn’t eat it to come along and eat it. Plus, while nature does its thing, that trash—and let’s not mince words, that’s what it is—is an eyesore. It’s also a visual cue to other passers-by that tossing their own trash isn’t a big deal. In other words: Litter begets litter.
The next time you witness such casual tossage, then, ask the perpetrator: Would you be cool with a stranger flinging a “natural” banana peel into your front yard? No? Why, then, do you think it’s acceptable to chuck one in the woods? Probably he’ll say, “Because the woods are huge and I don’t live there and, well…” OK. He’ll be right.
But, dammit, he’ll also be missing the larger point—forest for the trees, as it were—which is that outdoor spaces constitute a sort of yard that belongs to all of us. Can’t we all agree to do our parts to keep it free of garbage? Even the kind that, eventually, will rot? Are we really so lazy that we can’t hang on to a lousy apple core until we find a trash can or compost bin? Isn’t it just as easy to tuck that banana peel back into the jersey pocket whence it came?
These are the questions I would encourage all of us to keep in mind.
By the way: That hypothetical cyclist? I know where he’s coming from. Back when I was a dedicated roadie, I regularly discarded banana peels along the side of rural roads, using the old “it’ll decompose” excuse. Gradually, I wised up—and my little corner of the world got a little bit cleaner, a little bit more pleasant. | <urn:uuid:6a2e4bf9-7405-4688-b600-fe5811846fb8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.outsideonline.com/outdoor-adventure/environment/organic-litter-still-litter/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.932517 | 915 | 2.15625 | 2 |
- Learn about organic farming and the citrus history in Israel.
- Learn about the Moshav and Kibbutz ways of life. How does it work now compared to 50 years ago.
- Hear the stories of the 1940’s when the south of Gush Dan was a frontier area.
- Visit the Iris Hill national park in spring time.
- Visit the ruins of the Nebi Rubin grave- believed by some to be Reuven, son of Jacob’s burial site.
- Learn about wildlife and plants in the coastal area and about sand dunes in Israel.
- Visit a beautiful local beach.
- Enjoy a scenic and adventurous Jeep drive hosted by myself in my own jeep.
- Enjoy complimentary homemade organic tea from my garden and delicious cake.
In this Agricultural tour in my family’s organic farm in Moshav Netaim, we will learn about the history of the citrus plantations in Israel and the special characteristics of these trees.
We will enjoy some herb tea from herbs that grow in the farm and we will learn about the different orchard species that grow in the farm and some exotic species as well. We will also enjoy solving riddles by the information available on the signs of the different plants in the farm, and we will learn about the differences between a Moshav and a Kibbutz. In the Jeep trip we will drive along the Soreq River and in the dunes of Palmahim, and we will visit “Nebi Rubin”- the burial site of Reuben of the twelve tribes by some traditions.
We will continue on driving in one of the last areas in the center of Israel where the agriculture still flourishes. In the blossoming seasons we will also visit the beautiful small national park- hill of Irises.
- Transportation by Jeep
- Entrance to organic farm
- You will be accompanied at all times by a bilingual licensed tour guide who speaks fluent English (Me)
- Complimentary tea and cake
- Departs upon request.
- More than one Jeep can be arranged for large groups.
- Trip length: 4 hours.
- Recommended season: All year round, especially recommended during spring time.
Drop Off Location
Netaim farm (south of Rishon le Zion).
- Price $350.00 U.S.D. per jeep.
- 1-6 people in a jeep, more than 1 jeep can be arranged for large groups.
- Note: Sunscreen, hat and closed shoes are advisable. | <urn:uuid:8b580335-471c-48ff-9c42-8a0e20b31dae> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://israel-travel-secrets.com/orchard-trails-farm/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.908077 | 551 | 1.671875 | 2 |
The frequency of attacks that distribute fake antivirus software, a long-time pillar of the underground economy, has decreased considerably in recent months. However, security researchers warn that the industry is not yet dead and new versions of attacks continue to be released.
According to a new report from antivirus vendor Kaspersky Lab, the rate of fake antivirus attacks in June was somewhere between 50,000 and 60,000 per day, but their frequency has dropped to under 10,000 a day.
The impressive drop is the result of several factors, including law enforcement efforts, improvements in search engine filtering algorithms, and actions undertaken by the security community to disrupt cybercriminal distribution networks.
“This decline is related to some good job done by the law enforcement and security industry in this field, shutting down some of the networks they were using,” said Luis Corrons, technical director of Panda Security’s threat research laboratory.
His opinion is shared by Sean Sullivan, a senior security advisor at Finnish antivirus vendor F-Secure. “They were shut down and an investigation was launched,” he said referring to recent international law enforcement actions that targeted major scareware operations.
Back in June, authorities in Russia arrested Pavel Vrublevsky, the co-founder of Russian payment processor ChronoPay, who has long been suspected of running one of the biggest fake antivirus affiliate programs.
At around the same time, authorities in the U.S., Ukraine and several other countries seized computer servers and other equipment used for scareware distribution, some believed to be linked to the infamous Conficker worm.
However, according to Bogdan Botezatu, a researcher with antivirus company BitDefender, this is not the only reason for the changes seen on the scareware market. “The decline in Fake AV attacks is probably related to the fact that search engines have improved their filtering algorithms in order to prevent poisoned search results from showing on top,” he said.
“We have been closely monitoring this issue in intervals where specific searches spiked (such as the death of Gaddafi or the alleged death or President Barrack Obama) and we didn’t see any attacks involving rogue AV,” the researcher added.
Black hat search engine optimization (BHSEO), or search-result poisoning attacks, leverage the page rank of legitimate, but compromised, websites to push malicious links at the top of search results. This has been one of the primary methods of getting users to fake antivirus websites for a long time.
Botezatu believes that some scareware gangs have already moved to something else, like the Facebook survey scams, which require less investment and are easier to maintain. However, Botezatu and Corrons agree that this fortunate turn of events is only temporary.
In fact, Kaspersky Lab’s Vyacheslav Zakorzhevsky warns that new scareware variants and even new affiliate programs have already appeared. “New versions of this type of malware continue to emerge. […] We discovered an affiliate program called ‘Money Racing AV’,” he announced Thursday in a post on the company’s blog.
Even if the risk of encountering such threats is now lower and the methods of distribution are limited, users should continue to scrutinize unexpected security alerts for legitimacy. “Don’t pay for any solution arriving unannounced over the Internet and make sure you install a genuine security product,” Zakorzhevsky stressed. | <urn:uuid:27173c70-90da-4202-b9bf-a0971d026f93> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.pcworld.com/article/477782/number_of_fake_antivirus_attacks_has_decreased_considerably_researchers_say.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.950826 | 720 | 2.078125 | 2 |
A solar inverter functions to convert the direct current (DC) generated by solar panels into the alternating current (AC) which is used by families. So, it is the soul of electricity processing. From this perspective, choosing the best solar inverter for you is extremely important if you are planning to go solar or buy it for your solar power plant. However, facing a plethora of modules and brands online and offline, you may feel difficult in choosing the best one for you. Out of this concern, you need to read the instruction below to learn how.
1Learn about the commonly used solar inverters. Generally speaking, there are three major types of solar inverters on the market, including grid-tie, off-grid and hybrid inverters.
- Grid-tie inverter: It functions to convert DC to AC, with an ability to synchronize to interface with a utility line. This inverter is designed to transmit your unused electricity to the grid and has no battery. MTTP technology may be equipped in its input circuitry.
- Off-grid (Stand-alone) inverter: It works to convert DC to AC from a storage battery. These inverters are used to provide electricity to a number of residential and commercial projects. These lower watt ones are mainly used to power the appliances in each family.
- Hybrid inverter: This product also functions to convert DC to AC and its difference is that it can be used in both a grid-tie PV system and an off-grid PV system.
2Compare the efficiency of different types of solar inverters.
- Since efficiency is the soul of every solar inverter, it is necessary to stress this point when you choose your inverter. So far, the highest conversion efficiency is over 98% from SMA, and the highest micro inverter’s highest efficiency has already reached up to 96.5% from Omnik. However, not all high efficiency inverters are suitable for your personal conditions, and so please be careful when making your final decision.
3Take notice of the important parameter of each solar inverter.
- A solar inverter doesn’t generate electricity but it needs a certain series of parameter to make sure it works effectively. The important elements you should pay attention to are its input DC voltage, output AC voltage, frequency, and the circuitry that suits it. For example, for a typical residential solar power system, the input voltage is 24 and 48 VDC.
4Check whether a solar inverter has tracking devices and offers optional accessories or not.
- A solar inverter is installed in your home, but it doesn’t mean you are clear about whether it works well. Out of this concern, some inverter manufacturers have designed chips or other tiny devices that are set inside each inverter for malfunction tracking purposes. Once something troublesome happens, relevant information will be sent back to the installing company which can help deal with the problems in time. Besides this, you should also check whether the inverter offers your optional monitoring accessories that can help you monitor your system. For example, by using a monitoring device, a home PV system user can learn how much electricity the system generates each day, month or year.
5Make sure the inverter you choose has stout features.
- Solar inverters are often installed outside a building. If so, they must be strong enough to protect themselves from different weather conditions. In this case you need to check weather the inverter has a hard shell or some technology that guarantees it can work well even in unexpected conditions. You know, high temperature raises the PV system’s voltage, and low temperature makes its voltage decrease. If the maximum voltage specification is exceeded, the inverter may get damaged or become even worse. When the system’s voltage is too low, the inverter might stop working. IP65 tech is a method that makes sure the inverter will seldom be affected by terrible weather conditions.
6Examine the inverter’s cooling system.
- A cooling system is needed for any electrical devices. For a solar inverter which might be installed outside a house or in the open air, it can produce lots of heat from sunlight and working. Due to this concern, you must choose an inverter equipped with a cooling system which works efficiently.
7Read its instruction and parameter carefully.
- An instruction tells you the basic information about the inverter. By doing so, you will learn the tips and warnings about how to wisely use this product. By reading its parameter, you will learn its size and basic structure. No matter weather you choose it for your home or power station, you need easy-to-install products. Some suppliers also tell you where its inverter is suitable to be installed. So, this process is important too.
8Search the web to learn the supplier’s reputation.
- Some world famous brands must be always known by everybody in this industry, but not all of them. You may meet some brands unknown to you, and so you need to search the web and check their rankings in Google or any other giant search engine. At the same time you also need to read others’ news, blogs, forums, comments, reviews and other forms of words about them. If they are generally spoken of well, you can learn more information about them and even decide to buy them. If not, you need to be careful.
9Inquire the warranties and services the supplier offers for its products.
- In common conditions a solar inverter supplier will show the warranties of his products online. However, these warranties may not be so accurate for every of his products. In fact, companies often display a general description of their warranties for the save of simplicity and convenience. Although major services are clearly displayed, they might have some differences from what you think. Therefore, please contact them and inquire the exact information you need for the specific product you choose.
- According to the output voltage wave type, solar inverters can be divided into sine wave, modified sine wave, and square wave inverters; and according to an inverter’s output voltage, solar inverters can be divided into single phase, three phase and multiple inverters.
Sources and Citations
- http://www.omnik-solar.com/products/micro_inverter original source, shared with permission. | <urn:uuid:4add817e-73de-4bf1-b083-427745bb1561> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.wikihow.com/Choose-a-Solar-Inverter | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279933.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00123-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.929177 | 1,303 | 2.5625 | 3 |
is an ultra-effective, non-opioid, wearable, FDA-cleared device created to block pain at the source — without a prescription. BioWaveGO’s patented pain-blocking technology delivers therapeutic electrical impulses through the skin to prevent pain signals from reaching the brain.
We partnered with the BioWave engineering team to create BioWaveGO, an iOS
- and Android
-compatible mobile app. The BioWaveGO app allows patients to control their BioWaveGO device and track key session data such as the level of intensity, the date/time/duration of their session, and pre- and post-treatment pain levels.
In addition to the development of the BioWaveGO app, we created a streamlined content management system that allows BioWave system administrators to customize and edit content on the app, without requiring any coding knowledge. We also created a secure, HIPAA-compliant hosting environment in our Cloud to safely store all of our client’s sensitive data.
We are proud to collaborate with a company that is leading the way to the future of pain management solutions with a safe, non-opioid alternative. | <urn:uuid:3d14dfe1-1985-4c4d-abb0-4b172734bf0a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mysticmediasoft.com/work/biowave.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572215.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815235954-20220816025954-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.872889 | 237 | 1.828125 | 2 |
I RECALL feeling despair at a time of war, with its aftermath of joblessness and homelessness. Many were left stranded in a hopeless sense that peace would never be attainable on earth. I faintly remember searching for a glimpse of hope when I read in the Bible of the Prince of Peace, of the arrival of the one who would teach the true basis of peace and brotherhood. Shepherds heard the angelic message telling of the coming of the promised Messiah and proceeded to Bethlehem with joy. Is the Biblical promise of peace of any consequence today? Many people pray for peace in the world, yet there is still so much conflict. It would seem that persistent prayer is needed -- deep, daily prayer, affirming that the divine order must come to light in the meeting of human needs.
I couldn't always see the value of prayer, but I often thought about it as perhaps a way to listen to God and to help bring peace to mankind. That message to the shepherds so long ago, ``Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace, good will toward men,''1 was a promise from God that He will keep. Certainly one way of praying is to trust that God keeps His promise as a loving parent does.
The more I thought about the deep joy the shepherds must have felt that night of Jesus' birth, the more I saw that my joy comes from searching for the deeper things of existence as found in the Holy Scriptures, especially in the life and works of Christ Jesus.
About that time a dear friend handed me a magazine called The Herald of Christian Science. This marked the beginning of a journey into a land of peace that began with me. I discovered that the vital message of peace which Jesus brought to the world was that God's kingdom is at hand. Jesus said, ``Seek ye first the kingdom of God, and his righteousness; and all these things shall be added unto you.''2
I was to seek first the understanding of man's indestructible relationship to his Maker, God, and to express the divine nature more fully in my own life if I was to contribute my share of ``on earth peace, good will toward men.'' This realization made my heart sing, because I no longer felt helpless. I could teach with my life as I was meek, merciful, pure of heart, and forgiving. Living that spirit of the Christ, conforming more closely to man's true nature as the image of God, enables one to become a better world-citizen, a more deeply praying one.
Since then, years of studying the Bible along with Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures by Mary Baker Eddy3 have enlarged my concept of my role in the world as a peacemaker and strengthened my understanding of man's true selfhood. Mrs. Eddy writes, ``The conceptions of mortal, erring thought must give way to the ideal of all that is perfect and eternal.''4
Many years in the business world have furnished ample opportunities to demonstrate what I have learned of man's real nature in God -- and to do so with a singing heart. At one point a manager made things very difficult for the department in which I worked. He was irritable, short-tempered, unreasonably demanding, and this made working conditions horrible. It seemed to crowd out prayer and peaceful spiritual listening. ``How can I constantly think about God under such tensions,'' I thought. My first response was ``It's impossible.'' Then I concluded that I could hardly afford such an attitude if I was to be a peacemaker. Who or what could disturb my communion with God, divine Spirit, deeply felt within me? That's where the kingdom was and must be sought.
I saw that instead of reacting to situations indignantly, impatiently, critically, I could keep my thought filled with peace, joy, gentleness, mercifulness, love -- with divine qualities. I could realize that the true identity of everyone, including this manager, was totally spiritual, perfect, holy, the image of the one perfect creator, no matter how impressive the evidence to the contrary. I could set a standard by practicing the Golden Rule, by working and praying to see only good as reality, as the very substance of all that God creates. When we are sincere in our love for God and man and turn solely to God for help, healing comes about. In this instance there was a total turnabout in the manager's disposition.
Exercising patience is not weakness but strength. It leads to the calm perception of God's allness. Our receptivity to God, good, through meekness, purity, and love, will enable us to hear the Christly message of peace and to see it expressed in our lives. We are never really helpless when we pray with a singing heart.
1Luke 2:14. 2Matthew 6:33. 3The Discoverer and Founder of Christian Science. 4Science and Health, p. 260. DAILY BIBLE VERSE: Let the peace of God rule in your hearts. Colossians 3:15 | <urn:uuid:bb381504-1d34-4a34-b10d-7fb06170caa8> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.csmonitor.com/1988/0201/mrc930.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719041.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00167-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966553 | 1,039 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Board of Directors
Rosalind O’Neal, Founder and CEO
Hon. Ernestine Washington
Joyce Samber, Emeritus
As Board Members of the African-American/Caribbean Education Association Inc we recognize the importance of making known to this entity, the community that we serve, and the general public, the ethical principles that guide the work of the Board of Directors. We adhere to Code of Ethics policy. The Code of Ethics is expressed in broad statements to guide ethical decision-making and provides a framework.
The Code of Ethics envelops governance for the following areas of concern.
1. Professional standards to administer and implement programs, endeavors, and projects
2. Pledges commitment, integrity, and performance of duties
3. Purports partnerships with stakeholders entrusted to the well-being of African-American and Caribbean children
4. Purports education, politics, and cultural advocacy for the enrichment of the community and our mission “to better the education of our children”
Rosalind O’Neal—is the Founder of the AACEAINC organization and serves as President and Chief Executive Officer. She is an affiliate of various organizations that advocate education empowerment and directs, “Moving Thoughts to Action”, a forum for organizational capacity building. A proponent of education options, she works diligently with parent and education advocacy groups to achieve objectives. Actively working toward accomplishing successful outcomes, she has been privileged to interface and collaborate with various community entities to empower and to create policy. She has performed professional leadership as a Charter School Board Chair, community Education Chair to a State Senator of New York, and she was a premiere School Leadership Team Chair when New York City schools were mandated to be in compliance with the New York State Education Regulations Re-Authorization Act of 1998. Her “passion” for the betterment of the community has attracted favorable media, press, and community attention; and in her quest to make a difference, she has experienced the following defining moments: Running as a candidate for City Council in 2001; leading the way in successfully bringing the “U.S. Department of Education Smaller Learning Communities Grant” to Southeast Queens; and being nominated in 2004 for Governor George Pataki’s, “New York State Martin L. King Jr. Humanitarian Award”. She has appeared on television and radio talk shows, and as a panelist at various workshops and conferences. She is the recipient of public service awards from the Community, the US Congress, the New York City Council, and New York State Senate. She was the proud recipient of two outstanding awards from the National Association of Negro Business and Professional Women’s Clubs, Inc. In 2008 she received their ” Distinguished Education Leadership” award at the United Nations, presented by the International Division, an NGO of the UN; and their National “Sojourner Truth” award in 2011. She was also the recipient of the National Association of University Women (Queens Branch) Community Service Award. In addition to spearheading AACEAINC, she provides services as an education and business consultant and directs Moving Thoughts to Action. In October 2009, she was proud to be honored by her alma mater, Dowling College, receiving their “Top 40 in 40” award that recognized outstanding alumni in celebration of their 40th anniversary. Her organizational and leadership skills have steadfastly brought the AACEAINC organization into its 24th year of service with a bang, by implementing a new accomplishment for AACEAINC – its celebrated Speech and Debate Series. As Founder and CEO, her commitment to the AACEAINC mission is to ensure total quality management. Ms. O’Neal holds a Baccalaureate degree from Hunter College; a Master of the Arts degree from New York University; and a Master of Business Administration degree from Dowling College.
Shawneequa L. Callier- is an attorney in Bioethics and Health Law, presently working as an associate professor at George Washington University. Her practice, and biomedical research, includes analyzing federal, state, and international laws related to stem cell research and egg donor compensation, the ethical, legal and social issues in genetics, and advance directives. She is also the author of several articles germane to Health Law, Bioethics and Biotechnology. Her background extends to teaching medical ethics at Monash University, in Melbourne, Australia, interning at the World Health Organization in Geneva, Switzerland and the Nuffield Council on Bioethics in London, England. She was a part of the team advocating for human rights in Swaziland with the Georgetown University Law Center’s “International Women’s Human Rights Clinic”. Committed to student and parent empowerment, she is an active volunteer working with at-risk high school students and a strong proponent of the Arts and Youth leadership. She is firmly committed to supporting the mission of the AACEAINC organization and plans to recruit an outstanding network of corporate stakeholders that will embellish the organization’s efforts in strategic planning and capacitybuilding. Ms. Callier holds a Baccalaureate degree in Political Science with the academic honor, Certificate in Political Theory, from Princeton University; a Master of Arts degree in Bioethics with High Distinction from Monash University, Melbourne Victoria, Australia; and J.D. Law degree from Georgetown University.
Shirley Phipps- is a retired Correction Officer extraordinaire. Prior to leaving the New York State Department of Correctional Services, she orchestrated the founding of the New York State Guardians Association of the New York State Corrections and Law Enforcement Officers, Inc. She presently serves as Public Relations Director to the organization, whose primary role is to provide service to the community. A woman of courage and integrity, she served for 16 years as a Labor Union Activist and achieved the prominence and honor to be elected to the Union’s State-Wide Executive Board Council 82, which is the collective bargaining unit for New York State Security Services Employees. Ms. Phipps is a proactive community leader; a Licensed Real Estate Salesperson; a commissioned Notary Public/NYS Department of State; a Security Ministry Volunteer at the Greater Allen Cathedral Church; a member of various community based organizations; and former President/CEO of the National Women’s Political Caucus-Queens. To be able to live in this society with dignity and respect, she believes “Education is Key”. In her quest for excellence in education, her commitment to the AACEAINC mission is to advocate Justice for parents whose children attend public school –Such action can ensure children a quality education. Ms. Phipps is a graduate of the School of Industrial and Labor Relations, Cornell University.
Judith Tyler- has served the New York City community, both in the public and private sector, for over thirty-five years. She is most known for her service as an education administrator within the New York City Department of Education and has enjoyed a powerfully long-standing reputation as an advocate of education. Her career has serviced students with special needs, in the capacity as a special education specialist. Her equally impressive credentials have serviced students as a math teacher and has extended beyond the classroom, in the capacity of Assistant Principal, Principal, Professional Development Specialist, College Board Trainer for the SAT Exam, Teacher Recruiter in Charter School Education, Talent Coach for the NYCDOE’s Office of Teacher Effectiveness, and Director of the Bright Horizons Children’s Center at Sloan Kettering Hospital. Moreover, Judith has had a compelling background working with district leaders, numerous elected officials and community leaders. She is exceedingly proud of the work she has performed earlier in her career, as well as that of the later years. To her credit: Being one of New York City’s youngest day care directors at the Jamaica Family Day Care Center; serving as a member of the NYC Director’s Alliance with the late, at that time, NYS Senator Major Robert Odell Owens securing high quality day care services and the effective prevention of removing kindergarten services; joining in the successful campaign to stop the Multiplex Theater planned for the Springfield Gardens community; and her ongoing collaboration as a member of the Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority and member of the AACEAINC, where she has supported and participated in many youth-targeted community service initiatives—day care facilities, schools, colleges, hospitals and psychiatrics. Her mission with AACEAINC is to ensure parent empowerment-supporting the em and the significant resources that can enhance our children’s successful outcomes and academic achievements. Judith Tyler holds a BS degree in Psychology from Virginia State University, a Masters degree in Special Education from Adelphi University and a Masters degree in Supervision and Administration from Bank Street College.
Hon. Ernestine Washington—in addition to the duties she performs for AACEAINC, she serves as the current chairperson of the Social Concern Community Development Corporation. She is an Officer on the board of the Top Ladies of Distinction, Queens Empire Chapter; and the St. Albans Human Resource Center Headstart. Ms. Washington is a retired Librarian who served the New York State Public Library System and the New York City Board of Education. However, she is known for the work she performed as an elected member of the Community School Board District 29, where she earned the title, Honorable. As a proactive community activist serving the Queens community, she was a past president of the Queens Women’s Political Caucus. A woman of excellence, Ms. Washington has inspired to “Greatness” many leaders, organizations, and children! She attributes her warm and caring demeanor to her background, rooted in the rural Gullah village of the famous Sol Legare, James Island of the County of Charleston, South Carolina; a place where everyone was family and everyone practiced loving and caring for each other. The community applauds her caring and accomplishments in these involvements: Co -Founder of the Black Librarians Caucus of New York; Co-Founder of the Laurelton Theatre of Performing Arts; and membership in numerous community based organizations for the betterment of the community. She is the recipient of numerous honors and awards in recognition of community service; among them the U.S. Olympic Committee Award presented by Dr. Leroy T. Walker, President of the U.S. Olympic Committee 1996. The AACEAINC organization established the Library Science/English Language Arts Scholarship in her honor. She is committed to providing the organization with a state of the art Literacy Program as her contribution to the AACEAINC mission. Ms. Washington holds a BS degree in Education from South Carolina State College, Orangeburg, S.C.; and a Master of Science degree in Library Science from Columbia University. | <urn:uuid:655538cd-fefa-4e3b-ae00-c3b0fff2bf2a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://aaceainc.com/board/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.959092 | 2,230 | 1.625 | 2 |
"Faye's Daily Words Of Encouragement # 186 Today's Word Is : Gladness"
"Faye's Daily Words Of Encouragement # 186 Today's Word Is: Gladness"
Definition of the word Gladness: To be happy, to be pleased, experiencing or causing p;easure, joy or delight.
Deuteronomy chapter 28 - 47 : Because thou servesteth not the Lord thy God with joyfulness, and with gladness of heart, for the abundance of all things.
Nehemiah chapter 8 - 17 :and all the congregation of them that were come again out of the captivity made booths, and sat under the booths ; for since the days of Joshua the son of Nun unto that day .
Psalms chapter 4 - 7 : Thou hast put gladness in my heart, more than in the time that their corn and their wine increased.
Psalms chapter 45 - 7 : Thou loveth righteousness, and hatest wickedness, therefore God, thy God, hath anointed thee with the oil of gladness above the fellows.
Psalms chapter 97 -11 Lights is sown for the righteous, and gladness for the upright in heart.
Isaiah chapter 35 - 10 " And the Ransom of the Lord shall return, and come to Zion with songs and everlasting joy upon their heads: they shall obtain joy and gladness, and sorrow and sightings shall fall away.
Acts chapter 2 - 46 : and they continuingdaily with one accord in the temple, and breaking bread from house to house, did eat their meat with gladness and singleness of heart.
Psalms chapter 100 - 2 : Serve the Lord with gladness : come before his presence with singing.
Proverbs chapter 10 - 28 : The hope of the righteous shall be gladness: but the expectations of the wicked shall perish.
Today's daily words of encouragement word is Gladness: Gladness is being happy or joyful. The children of God is suppose to reflect the word of God, which is gladness of heart. We are suppose to be filled with gladness when we're doing the will of God. Our happy appearance will show our gladness of our heart in all our godly deeds and actions.
The work of God is not a chore to be looked upon as something we dread doing.On the contrary, it's a joyful and glorious effort on the part of God's children, to bring the word , having gladness of heart. a joyful heart will go along way in helping us give the bread of life to those that seek it. So, we should diligent, joyful and faithful about the work of God.
Benny Faye Douglass
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Dussek, Jan Ladislav Composers Composition Music
Biography from Here Of A Sunday Morning the radio program with related composer links and background material from the Austria of his day.
Top: Arts: Music: Composition: Composers: D: Dussek, Jan Ladislav
- Top/Arts/Music/Composition/Composers/By Region/Europe/Czech
- Top/Arts/Music/Composition/Composers/L/Louis Ferdinand, Prince of Prussia
- Dussek, Jan Ladislav - Biography mentioning his musical family and his abilities composers as pianist dussek, jan ladislav and composer whose works are called composers unjustly forgotten. From the dussek, jan ladislav Grove Concise Dictionary of composers Music entry at WQXR radio.
- Jan Ladislav Dussek (Johann Ludwig Dusik) - Biography from Here Of A Sunday Morning the radio dussek, jan ladislav program with related composer links and background material from the dussek, jan ladislav Austria of his day.
- Jan Ladislav Dusík (Dussek) - Music and life from the Classical composers Database.
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To combat drunk driving as New Year’s approaches, Nassau County police will be out in force this weekend, stepping up its enforcement of DWI (driving while intoxicated) laws with the “STOP-DWI” program.
County Executive Ed Mangano spotlighted the initiative funded by DWI fines collected in Nassau at a morning press conference on Dec. 27, which included Police Commissioner Thomas Dale and representatives from Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD), Restaurants Against Drink Driving and All Island Transportation.
The number of police officers out on patrol wthis weekend will be increased. The county's Highway Patrol Bureau will coordinate the additional patrols.There were 55 DWI arrests in Nassau over last year’s New Year’s holiday.
“New Year’s Eve is typically one of the biggest party nights of the year. We will be targeting drunk drivers and looking to prevent the kind of senseless alcohol-related accidents that, unfortunately, often occur during a holiday. There will be additional police patrols all around Nassau County and chances are if you drive drunk at any point over New Year’s Eve, you will be arrested,” Mangano said.
Tips to avoid driving after drinking.
• If you plan to drink, choose a designated driver before going out.
• Take mass transit, a cab, or ask a sober friend to drive you home.
• Spend the night where the activity is being held.
• Always buckle up – it’s your best defense against a drunk driver.
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Illustrated Drills for Soccer That You Can Print Out and Use During Your Practice SessionsAfter creating this site I felt that adding a free drills section could be a good idea but I wasn't really sure about whether visitors would find it valuable or not.
However, after receiving several e-mails from different people asking me where to find free drills I decided to create this page.
To create the drills I was in need of some fresh ideas. After working on it for a while it came up to me that users may like to post their own drills and on that way help others.
So, I created a form that you can use to post your own drills and ideas. So, if you have a drill that you think will add value to this section please post it.
Different Soccer Skills
Once a player learns a skill he or she will also need to maintain it. The best way for doing that is to participate in various drills.
The fundamental thing a soccer player need to know about soccer drills is that he really needs to work hard during them in order to develop his skills.
I know by experience that many soccer players do not actually focus on the drills. Instead, they see them as something that needs to be done during the practice and then forget about them.
The danger with this behavior is that the players will become less focused during the real games which will impact negatively on their performance.
You see, it is not enough to practice on various drills if you never reflect over how you can use them in real game situations.
Every time you participate in a drill, you need to imagine how this drill could help you during your actual games.
Don't just perform the drill, activate your creativity and start to think outside of the box.
Real World Example
To state an example let's discuss how a simple shooting drill can make you think outside the box.
During a shooting drill, you will, in most cases, kick the ball with the maximum power possible because you probably think that the harder the shot is the bigger the chance for scoring a goal.
However, you should be aware of that getting that ball on the goal is much more important than kicking the ball with tremendous power.
So, by actually reflecting over the drill, you have discovered that a hard shot is not a guarantee for scoring more goals.
If you start to reflect over the drills you will soon notice that you are actually using what you've learned during the drills in real soccer games.
Learn the Benefits
So, don't just perform the drills, be sure to know the benefits of them. Several of drills in this section are pretty general, like passing (which is the most basic skill in soccer) or shooting (you will not score any goals if you don't know how to shoot).
Other drills are more specific, like how to dribble past an opponent successfully or how to play 2 vs. 1. You are free to print out the drills presented here and take them to your soccer sessions.
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WORLD FUTURE FUND
Like totalitarianism, eugenics and euthanasia have very deep roots in world history. Drawing on the example of the Spartans in his time, Plato specifically endorsed murdering "weak" children in favor of the "strong". Similarly, he advocated that only men and women with superior characteristics be allowed to mate and bear children. Plato's student Aristotle made similar arguments. The religious world of ancient India was built around the caste system.
What a lot of people do not know is the support for these ideas by people on the political "left" as well as the right in modern times. Note the stunning statements below by people like Bertrand Russell and George Bernard Shaw or those by Margaret Sanger, the founder of Planned Parenthood.
We have placed certain parts of these quotations in bold so that the reader can have no illusions about the very specific statements being made by some of these people. Not much is left to the imagination.
NOTE: BRIEF STATEMENT OF PUBLICATIONS PRINCIPLES
The World Future Fund serves as a source of documentary material, reading lists and internet links from different points of view that we believe have historical significance. The publication of this material is in no way whatsoever an endorsement of these viewpoints by the World Future Fund, unless explicitly stated by us. As our web site makes very clear, we are totally opposed to ideas such as racism, religious intolerance and communism. However, in order to combat such evils, it is necessary to understand them by means of the study of key documentary material. For a more detailed statement of our publications standards click here.
AGREEMENT WITH FRANCIS GALTON'S EUGENIC IDEAS
"My Dear Galton, I have only read about 50 pages of your book (to the Judges), but I must exhale myself, else something will go wrong in my inside. I do not think I ever in all my life read anything more interesting and original--and how well and clearly you put every point! George, who has finished the book, and who expressed himself in just the same terms, tells me that the earlier chapters are nothing in interest to the later ones! It will take me some time to get to these latter chapters, as it is read aloud to me by my wife, who is also much interested. You have made a convert of an opponent in one sense, for I have always maintained that, excepting fools, men did not differ much in intellect, only in zeal and hard work, and I still think this is an eminently important difference. I congratulate you on producing what I am convinced will prove a memorable work. I look forward with intense interest to each reading, but it sets me thinking so much that I find it very hard work; but that is wholly the fault of my brain and not of your beautifully clear style. Yours most sincerely, (Signed) "CH. DARWIN"
"I have been greatly interested by your article (i.e., 'Hereditary Improvement,' Jan 1873). The idea of castes being spontaneously formed and leading to intermarriage ... is quite new to me, and I should suppose to others. I am not, however, so hopeful as you. Your proposed Society 'enquiring into the facts of human heredity' would have awfully laborious work ... As it is, there is much concealment of insanity and wickedness in families; and there would be more if there was a register. But the greatest difficulty, I think, would be in deciding who deserved to be on the register. How few are above mediocrity in health, strength, morals and intellect; and how difficult to judge on these latter heads. ... Though I see so much difficulty, the object seems a grand one; and you have pointed out the sole feasible, yet I fear utopian, plan of procedure in improving the human race."
ON BREEDING IMPERFECTIONS IN MANKIND
"With savages, the weak in body or mind are soon eliminated; and those that survive commonly exhibit a vigorous state of health. We civilised men, on the other hand, do our utmost to check the process of elimination; we build asylums for the imbecile, the maimed, and the sick; we institute poor-laws; and our medical men exert their utmost skill to save the life of every one to the last moment. There is reason to believe that vaccination has preserved thousands, who from a weak constitution would formerly have succumbed to small-pox. Thus the weak members of civilised societies propagate their kind. No one who has attended to the breeding of domestic animals will doubt that this must be highly injurious to the race of man. It is surprising how soon a want of care, or care wrongly directed, leads to the degeneration of a domestic race; but excepting in the case of man itself, hardly any one is so ignorant as to allow his worst animals to breed.
The aid which we feel impelled to give to the helpless is mainly an incidental result of the instinct of sympathy, which was originally acquired as part of the instincts, but subsequently rendered, in the manner previously indicated, more tender and more widely diffused. Nor could we check our sympathy, even at the urging of hard reason, without deterioration in the noblest part of our nature. The surgeon may harden him self whilst performing an operation, for he knows that he is acting for the good of his patient; but if we were intentionally to neglect the weak and helpless, it could only be for a contingent benefit, with an overwhelming present evil. We must therefore bear the undoubtedly bad effects of the weak surviving and propagating their kind; but there appears to be at least one check in steady action, namely that the weaker and inferior members of society do not marry so freely as the sound; and this check might be indefinitely increased by the weak in body or mind refraining from marriage."
"A most important obstacle in civilised countries to an increase in the number of men of a superior class has been strongly insisted on by Mr. Greg and Mr. Galton, namely, the fact that the very poor and reckless, who are often degraded by vice, almost invariably marry early, whilst the careful and frugal, who are generally otherwise virtuous, marry late in life, so that they may be able to support themselves and their children in comfort. Those who marry early produce within a given period not only a greater number of generations, but, as shewn by Dr. Duncan, they produce many more children. The children, moreover, that are borne by mothers during the prime of life are heavier and larger, and therefore probably more vigorous, than those born at other periods. Thus the reckless, degraded, and often vicious members of society, tend to increase at a quicker rate than the provident and generally virtuous members. ... In the eternal 'struggle for existence,' it would be the inferior and less favoured race that prevailed—and prevailed by virtue not of its good qualities but of its faults."
SUPERIOR TRAITS CAN BE BRED
"It deserves notice that, as soon as the progenitors of man became social (and this probably occurred at a very early period), the principle of imitation, and reason, and experience would have increased, and much modified the intellectual powers in a way, of which we see only traces in the lower animals. Apes are much given to imitation, as are the lowest savages; and the simple fact previously referred to, that after a time no animal can be caught in the same place by the same sort of trap, shows that animals learn by experience, and imitate the caution of others. Now, if some one man in a tribe, more sagacious than the others, invented a new snare or weapon, or other means of attack or defence, the plainest self-interest, without the assistance of much reasoning power, would prompt the other members to imitate him; and all would thus profit. The habitual practice of each new art must likewise in some slight degree strengthen the intellect. If the new invention were an important one, the tribe would increase in number, spread, and supplant other tribes. In a tribe thus rendered more numerous there would always be a rather greater chance of the birth of other superior and inventive members. If such men left children to inherit their mental superiority, the chance of the birth of still more ingenious members would be somewhat better, and in a very small tribe decidedly better."
ELIMINATION OF THE POORLY ENDOWED ADVANCES SOCIETY
"Great lawgivers, the founders of beneficent religions, great philosophers and discoverers in science, aid the progress of mankind in a far higher degree by their works than by leaving a numerous progeny. In the case of corporeal structures, it is the selection of the slightly better-endowed and the elimination of the slightly less well-endowed individuals, and not the preservation of strongly-marked and rare anomalies, that leads to the advancement of a species. So it will be with the intellectual faculties, since the somewhat abler men in each grade of society succeed rather better than the less able, and consequently increase in number, if not otherwise prevented. When in any nation the standard of intellect and the number of intellectual men have increased, we may expect from the law of the deviation from an average, that prodigies of genius will, as shewn by Mr. Galton, appear somewhat more frequently than before."
"If the various checks specified ... do not prevent the reckless, the vicious and otherwise inferior members of society from increasing at a quicker rate than the better class of men, the nation will retrograde, as has too often occurred in the history of the world."
NATURAL SELECTION IS NECESSARY FOR MAN'S ADVANCEMENT
"Natural selection follows from the struggle for existence; and this from a rapid rate of increase. It is impossible not to regret bitterly, but whether wisely is another question, the rate at which man tends to increase; for this leads in barbarous tribes to infanticide and many other evils, and in civilised nations to abject poverty, celibacy, and to the late marriages of the prudent. But as man suffers from the same physical evils as the lower animals, he has no right to expect an immunity from the evils consequent on the struggle for existence. Had he not been subjected during primeval times to natural selection, assuredly he would never have attained to his present rank."
MARGARET SANGER (Founder of Planned Parenthood)
THE DANGER OF UNCONTROLLED BREEDING
"We should not minimize the great outstanding service of Eugenics for critical and diagnostic investigations. It demonstrates ... that uncontrolled fertility is universally correlated with disease, poverty, overcrowding and the transmission of hereditable traits."
"We are paying for and even submitting to the dictates of an ever increasing, unceasingly spawning class of human beings who never should have been born at all—that the wealth of individuals and of state is being diverted from the development and the progress of human expression and civilization."
"Every single case of inherited defect, every malformed child, every congenitally tainted human being brought into this world is of infinite importance to that poor individual; but it is of scarcely less importance to the rest of us and to all of our children who must pay in one way or another for these biological and racial mistakes."
PRAISE FOR EUGENICS
"... Degeneration has already begun. Eugenists demonstrate that two-thirds of our manhood of military age are physically too unfit to shoulder a rifle; that the feeble-minded, the syphilitic, the irresponsible and the defective breed unhindered; ... that the vicious circle of mental and physical defect, delinquency and beggary is encouraged, by the unseeing and unthinking sentimentality of our age, to populate asylum, hospital and prison. All these things the Eugenist sees and points out with a courage entirely admirable"
THE NEED FOR STERILIZATION
BIRTH CONTROL AS A EUGENIC MEASURE
"Birth Control is thus the entering wedge for the educator. In answering the needs of these thousands upon thousands of submerged mothers, it is possible to use their interest as the foundation for education in prophylaxis, hygiene and infant welfare. The potential mother can then be shown that maternity need not be slavery but may be the most effective avenue to self-development and self-realization. Upon this basis only may we improve the quality of the race."
CHARITY IS A SOCIAL EVIL
"Even if we accept organized charity at its own valuation, and grant that it does the best it can, it is exposed to a more profound criticism. It reveals a fundamental and irremediable defect. Its very success, its very efficiency, its very necessity to the social order, are themselves the most unanswerable indictment. Organized charity itself is the symptom of a malignant social disease. Those vast, complex, interrelated organizations aiming to control and to diminish the spread of misery and destitution and all the menacing evils that spring out of this sinisterly fertile soil, are the surest sign that our civilization has bred, is breeding and is perpetuating constantly increasing numbers of defectives, delinquents and dependents. My criticism, therefore, is not directed at the «failure» of philanthropy, but rather at its success."
OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES
SUPPORT FOR EUGENICS
"It is better for all the world, if instead of waiting to execute degenerate offspring for crime or to let them starve for their imbecility, society can prevent those who are manifestly unfit from continuing their kind. ... Three generations of imbeciles are enough."
SUPPORT FOR EUGENICS
"Just as in cancer the best treatment is to eradicate the parasitic growth as quickly as possible, the eugenic defense against the dysgenic social effects of afflicted subpopulations is of necessity limited to equally drastic measures …. When these inferior elements are not effectively eliminated from a [healthy] population, then — just as when the cells of a malignant tumor are allowed to proliferate throughout the human body — they destroy the host body as well as themselves."
Source: A. Chase, The Legacy of Malthus: The Social Costs of the New Scientific Racism (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1980), p. 349.
BIRTH CONTROL & RACE
It must be admitted, however, that there are certain dangers. Before long the population may actually diminish. This is already happening in the most intelligent sections of the most intelligent nations; government opposition to birth-control propaganda gives a biological advantage to stupidity, since it is chiefly stupid people who governments succeed in keeping in ignorance. Before long, birth-control may become nearly universal among the white races; it will then not deteriorate their quality, but only diminish their numbers, at a time when uncivilized races are still prolific and are preserved from a high death-rate by white science.
This situation will lead to a tendency --- already shown by the French --- to employ more prolific races as mercenaries. Governments will oppose the teaching of birth-control among Africans, for fear of losing recruits. The result will be an immense numerical inferiority of the white races, leading probably to their extermination in a mutiny of mercenaries."
"Thee might observe incidentally that if the state paid for child-bearing it might and ought to require a medical certificate that the parents were such as to give a reasonable result of a healthy child -- this would afford a very good inducement to some sort of care for the race, and gradually as public opinion became educated by the law, it might react on the law and make that more stringent, until one got to some state of things in which there would be a little genuine care for the race, instead of the present haphazard higgledy-piggledy ways."
"We may perhaps assume that, if people grow less superstitious, government will acquire the right to sterilize those who are not considered desirable as parents. This power will be used, at first, to diminish imbecility, a most desirable object. But probably, in time, opposition to the government will be taken to prove imbecility, so that rebels of all kinds will be sterilized. Epileptics, consumptives, dipsomaniacs and so on will gradually be included; in the end, there will be a tendency to include all who fail to pass the usual school examinations. The result will be to increase the average intelligence; in the long run, it may be greatly increased. But probably the effect upon really exceptional intelligence will be bad.
Eugenics has, of course, more ambitious possibilities in a more distant future. It may aim not only at eliminating undesired types, but at increasing desired types. Moral standards may alter so as to make it possible for one man to be the sire of a vast progeny by many different mothers. ... If eugenics reached the point where it could increase desired types, it would not be the types desired by present-day Eugenists that would be increased, but rather the type desired by the average official. Prime Ministers, Bishops, and others whom the State considers desirable might become the fathers of half the next generation. Whether this would be an improvement it is not for me to say, as I have no hope of ever becoming either a Bishop or a Prime Minister.
If we knew enough about heredity to determine, within limits, what sort of population we would have, the matter would of course be in the hands of State officials, presumably elderly medical men. Whether they would really be preferable to Nature I do not feel sure. I suspect that they would breed a subservient population, convenient to rulers but incapable of initiative."
AGREEMENT WITH GALTON
"I believe that if a canvass of the entire civilized world were put to the vote in this matter, the proposition that it is desirable that the better sort of people should intermarry and have plentiful children, and that the inferior sort of people should abstain from multiplication, would be carried by an overwhelming majority. They might disagree with Plato's methods, but they would certainly agree to his principle. And that this is not a popular error Mr. Francis Galton has shown. He has devoted a very large amount of energy and capacity to the vivid and convincing presentation of this idea, and to its courageous propagation. ... Indeed, Mr. Galton has drawn up certain definite proposals. He has suggested that "noble families" should collect "fine specimens of humanity" around them, employing these fine specimens in menial occupations of a light and comfortable sort, that will leave a sufficient portion of their energies free for the multiplication of their superior type."
CALL FOR STERILIZATION
"I believe that now and always the conscious selection of the best for reproduction will be impossible; that to propose it is to display a fundamental misunderstanding of what individuality implies. The way of nature has always been to slay the hindmost, and there is still no other way, unless we can prevent those who would become the hindmost being born. It is in the sterilization of failure, and not in the selection of successes for breeding, that the possibility of an improvement of the human stock lies."
Source: H.G. Wells in American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 10 (1904), p. 11.
SPECULATION ABOUT A FUTURE EUGENIC STATE
"The dominant men of the new time ... will find in themselves - it must be remembered I am speaking of a class that has naturally segregated, and not of men as a whole - a desire, a passion almost, to create and organize, to put in order, to get the maximum result from certain possibilities. They will be artists in reality, with a passion for simplicity and directness and an impatience of confusion and inefficiency. The determining frame of their ethics ... will be the elaboration of that future world state to which all things are pointing. ... It is manifest that a reconstructed ethical system ... will give very different values from those given by the existing system ... the ethical system of these men of the New Republic, the ethical system which will dominate the world state, will be shaped primarily to favour the procreation of what is fine and efficient and beautiful in humanity - beautiful and strong bodies, clear and powerful minds, and a growing body of knowledge - and to check the procreation of base and servile types, of fear-driven and cowardly souls, of all that is mean and ugly and bestial in the souls, bodies, or habits of men. To do the latter is to do the former; the two things are inseparable.
In the new vision death is no inexplicable horror, no pointless terminal terror to the miseries of life, it is the end of all pain of life, the end of the bitterness of failure, the merciful obliteration of the weak and silly and pointless things. The new ethics will hold life to be a privilege and a responsibility ... and the alternative in right conduct between living fully, beautifully, and efficiently will be to die. For a multitude of contemptible and silly creatures, fear-driven and helpless and useless, unhappy or hatefully happy in the midst of squalid dishonour, feeble, ugly, inefficient, born of unrestrained lusts, and increasing and multiplying through sheer incontinence and stupidity, the men of the New Republic will have little pity and less benevolence.
The men of the New Republic will not be squeamish, either, in facing or inflicting death, because they will have a fuller sense of the possibilities of life than we possess. They will have an ideal that will make killing worth while.
The pre-eminent value of sexual questions in morality lies in the fact that the lives which will constitute the future are involved. If they are not involved, if we can dissociate this relationship from this issue, then sexual questions become of no more importance than the morality of one's deportment at chess, or the general morality of outdoor games. ... The men of the New Republic ... will rout out and illuminate urban rookeries and all places where the base can drift to multiply; they will contrive a land legislation that will keep the black, or yellow, or mean-white squatter on the move; ... so that childbearing shall cease to be a hopeful speculation for the unemployed poor; ... This thing, this euthanasia of the weak and sensual, is possible. On the principles that will probably animate the predominant classes of the new time, it will be permissible, and I have little or no doubt that in the future it will be planned and achieved."
Source: H.G. Wells, Anticipations of the Reaction of Mechanical and Scientific Progress Upon Human Life and Thought, Final Chapter "The Faith of the New Republic", (1902)
EXTERMINATION OF THE "SOCIALLY INCOMPATIBLE"
"The notion that persons should be safe from extermination as long as they do not commit willful murder, or levy war against the Crown, or kidnap, or throw vitriol, is not only to limit social responsibility unnecessarily, and to privilege the large range of intolerable misconduct that lies outside them, but to divert attention from the essential justification for extermination, which is always incorrigible social incompatibility and nothing else."
Source: George Bernard Shaw, "On the Rocks" (1933), Preface.
USE OF GAS CHAMBERS
"We should find ourselves committed to killing a great many people whom we now leave living, and to leave living a great many people whom we at present kill. We should have to get rid of all ideas about capital punishment …
A part of eugenic politics would finally land us in an extensive use of the lethal chamber. A great many people would have to be put out of existence simply because it wastes other people's time to look after them."
Source: George Bernard Shaw, Lecture to the Eugenics Education Society, Reported in The Daily Express, March 4, 1910.
KILLING THOSE "UNFIT TO LIVE"
"The moment we face it frankly we are driven to the conclusion that the community has a right to put a price on the right to live in it … If people are fit to live, let them live under decent human conditions. If they are not fit to live, kill them in a decent human way. Is it any wonder that some of us are driven to prescribe the lethal chamber as the solution for the hard cases which are at present made the excuse for dragging all the other cases down to their level, and the only solution that will create a sense of full social responsibility in modern populations?"
Source: George Bernard Shaw, Prefaces (London: Constable and Co., 1934), p. 296.
THOMAS R. MALTHUS
THE MALTHUSIAN PRINCIPLE
"The power of population is indefinitely greater than the power in the earth to produce subsistence for man. Population, when unchecked, increases in a geometrical ratio. Subsistence increases only in an arithmetical ratio. A slight acquaintance with numbers will shew the immensity of the first power in comparison of the second. By that law of our nature which makes food necessary to the life of man, the effects of these two unequal powers must be kept equal. This implies a strong and constantly operating check on population from the difficulty of subsistence. This difficulty must fall somewhere and must necessarily be severely felt by a large portion of mankind. Through the animal and vegetable kingdoms, nature has scattered the seeds of life abroad with the most profuse and liberal hand. She has been comparatively sparing in the room and the nourishment necessary to rear them. The germs of existence contained in this spot of earth, with ample food, and ample room to expand in, would fill millions of worlds in the course of a few thousand years. Necessity, that imperious all pervading law of nature, restrains them within the prescribed bounds. The race of plants and the race of animals shrink under this great restrictive law. And the race of man cannot, by any efforts of reason, escape from it. Among plants and animals its effects are waste of seed, sickness, and premature death. Among mankind, misery and vice. ... This natural inequality of the two powers of population and of production in the earth, and that great law of our nature which must constantly keep their effects equal, form the great difficulty that to me appears insurmountable in the way to the perfectibility of society."
LARGE FAMILIES AND NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES FOR THE POOR
"Impelled to the increase of his species by an equally powerful instinct, reason interrupts his (i.e. man's) career and asks him whether he may not bring beings into the world for whom he cannot provide the means of subsistence. In a state of equality, this would be the simple question. In the present state of society, other considerations occur. Will he not lower his rank in life? Will he not subject himself to greater difficulties than he at present feels? Will he not be obliged to labour harder? and if he has a large family, will his utmost exertions enable him to support them? May he not see his offspring in rags and misery, and clamoring for bread that he cannot give them? And may he not be reduced to the grating necessity of forfeiting his independence, and of being obliged to the sparing hand of charity for support?"
"No state has hitherto existed (at least that we have any account of) ... that no check whatever has existed to early marriages, among the lower classes, from a fear of not providing well for their families, or among the higher classes, from a fear of lowering their condition in life."
POPULATION LIMITATIONS: FAMINE AND EUTHANASIA
"The redundant population, necessarily occasioned by the prevalence of early marriages, must be repressed by occasional famines, and by the custom of exposing children, which, in times of distress, is probably more frequent than is ever acknowledged to Europeans."
THE NEED FOR FAMILY PLANNING
"But as from the laws of our nature some check to population must exist, it is better that it should be checked from a foresight of the difficulties attending a family and the fear of dependent poverty than that it should be encouraged, only to be repressed afterwards by want and sickness."
NATURAL RESOURCES ARE LIMITED
"Where there are few people, and a great quantity of fertile land, the power of the earth to afford a yearly increase of food may be compared to a great reservoir of water, supplied by a moderate stream. The faster population increases, the more help will be got to draw off the water, and consequently an increasing quantity will be taken every year. But the sooner, undoubtedly, will the reservoir be exhausted, and the streams only remain." | <urn:uuid:83205539-3a75-4e4a-a739-8c69e5862cd6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.worldfuturefund.org/wffmaster/Reading/Biology/Eugenics.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00218-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957647 | 5,987 | 2.328125 | 2 |
NEW YORK — The FBI tracked the late Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist and author David Halberstam for more than two decades, newly released documents show.
Students at the City University of New York's Graduate School of Journalism obtained the FBI documents on Halberstam by filing a Freedom of Information Act request. The university posted the documents on its website Thursday.
The FBI monitored Halberstam's reporting, and at times his personal life, from at least the mid-1960s until at least the late '80s, the documents show. The agency released only 62 pages of a 98-page dossier on the writer, citing security, privacy and other reasons.
Halberstam won a Pulitzer in 1964 for his coverage of the Vietnam War while working as a reporter for the New York Times. In 1972, he wrote "The Best and the Brightest," a best-selling book critical of U.S. involvement in Southeast Asia.
It's unclear when the FBI began monitoring Halberstam. The first documents made public are from 1965, when he was a Times correspondent in Poland during the Cold War.
The agency kept tabs on Halberstam's reporting there and kept tabs on his first marriage, to Polish actress Elzbieta Czyzewska, the documents show.
In 1971, FBI agents considered interviewing Halberstam, according to the documents. They don't say why agents wanted to talk to him or whether they ever did. The last document released is dated 1987.
The FBI declined to comment Friday on why it tracked the writer.
"The FOIA speaks for itself," spokesman Rich Kolko said.
Halberstam's widow, Jean, said he was never certain federal agents were watching him but assumed it was possible.
She called the agency's monitoring of the writer "a terrible waste" of time and taxpayer money.
"David's life was very much an open book," she said. "He did not much care about what people who disagreed with him thought about him."
Halberstam was killed in an April 2007 car crash. He was 73. | <urn:uuid:44728f85-3363-4eac-8468-747e92b19575> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://articles.latimes.com/2008/nov/08/nation/na-halberstam8 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00388-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.979314 | 435 | 1.726563 | 2 |
NUSA DUA, INDONESIA – Prime Minister Shinzo Abe and Russian President Vladimir Putin met Monday in Indonesia on the sidelines of a summit of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum to apparently discuss a range of issues, including a bilateral territorial dispute.
The talks in Bali are the fourth direct contact between the Abe and Putin over the past seven months. In past meetings, the two leaders built mutual trust on resolving the dispute, which has prevented the two countries from signing a peace treaty to end World War II, a Japanese official said.
On Bali, they are expected to agree to improve security relations via dialogue involving their foreign and defense ministers.
At their meeting last month in St. Petersburg, Russia, on the margins of the Group of 20 summit of major economies, Abe and Putin agreed to hold the countries’ first “two-plus-two” security talks in November in Japan.
That will bring Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov and Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu to Tokyo next month to chat with Foreign Minister Fumio Kishida and Defense Minister Itsunori Onodera.
Japan holds similar dialogues with other partners, including the United States and Australia.
Abe and Putin are also expected to confirm that their governments will continue the territorial talks, which were held most recently in August, at senior official levels.
Tokyo and Moscow have been at odds over the sovereignty of Russian-administered islands off Hokkaido, called the Northern Territories in Japan and the Southern Kurils in Russia, which were seized by the Soviet Union in 1945 shortly after Japan’s surrender in World War II.
After holding a summit in April in Moscow, the leaders said in a joint statement that Japan and Russia will proceed with economic cooperation, with Tokyo apparently trying to strengthen bilateral ties through various aid packages for Russian development projects before injecting momentum into the territorial talks.
Also among the goals of such cooperation is the deepening of business ties between the countries. Russia is likely to accept further Japanese investment to develop its Far East, a region known for abundant oil and gas reserves that are a major attraction to resource-poor Japan.
On Monday, Abe and Putin are also likely to exchange views on the civil war in Syria, a Russian ally, and agree that the regime of President Bashar al-Assad should respect a recent U.N. resolution calling for the dismantling of all of Syria’s chemical weapons. | <urn:uuid:bb468703-53d8-4f52-b0d0-569b5dbd00c6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2013/10/07/national/abe-putin-hold-chat-on-apec-sidelines/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00265-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956678 | 494 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Why Use a Collaboration Tool?
Collaboration tools can help project managers and teams manage change, communicate, collaborate and save time while remaining effective. Let’s look at these change management benefits in more detail.
Communication and Collaboration
Communication and collaboration are two sides of the same coin. Timely communication is key when it comes to effective project management. To enhance communication among the project team, use a visual project management tool that allows all members of the team to easily see the work before, during and after it appears in a workflow.
The ability to see the work in all its stages is good for individual productivity because it helps people anticipate, prioritize and coordinate their work:
- Anticipating what is coming up next allows people to feel more comfortable with what’s expected of them.
- Prioritizing work based on a holistic view of all the work needing to be done helps people focus on the right tasks at the right times.
- Coordinating your work with the work of others prevents team members from working in relative isolation.
Seeing the work as it happens is great for project managers because it helps to streamline communication. Good communication helps project managers:
- Manage stakeholder inquiries and expectations
- Keep the team marching to the beat of the same drum
- Coordinate dependencies and contingencies
Once a rhythm has been established in communication, the team can become truly collaborative. Collaboration software helps teams reveal their true priorities and work together on tackling the most important things first. As a project manager, you can’t ask for a bigger win.
Project Managers cringe when they imagine missing critical milestones due to communication issues. As a Project Manager, you can mitigate this risk by using visual project management software.
What is the next milestone? Are there impediments that are getting in the way of reaching that milestone? With visual project management, everyone can see a clear picture of the priorities and status of work. Plus, updates can be viewed in real time, so the project manager can easily adapt the project plan as new information becomes available.
Stay on Budget
Being over budget is something that project managers try to avoid. However; if a project must go over budget, it is the project manager’s job to anticipate the overage as soon as possible and inform the stakeholder(s) that an overage is imminent.
Confusion, a common root-cause of delay in projects, causes team members to focus on the wrong work items. This leads to wasted work, which translates into more cost. Using project management software, project managers can identify the potential for overages when critical milestones are in danger of being met.
Similarly, project managers who can identify risks early on can re-allocate resources to where they are needed most, mitigating the risk of delay and keeping a project on track. The ability to visually track the history and/or progress of projects helps project managers allocate resources better, a feat that helps estimate future work and avoid over-or-under-estimating a project.
Reduce Work-Related Stress
As a project manager, what are the things that keep you up at night? Not knowing if the critical path will be met in time? Uncertainty that a particular person will follow through? Fear of missing something that was right under your nose?
You have all the information you need in your project documentation, but tracking that information is another thing entirely. Project managers must take the time each and every day to check up on status, ensure communication is taking place where it needs to and manage the expectations of stakeholders. These three things consume so much of a project manager’s time that most project managers have turned to visual project management software as a solution.
Managing projects will never be easy, but project managers can take some of the complexity out of project management by choosing a visual, versus list-based, project management software tool that will facilitate collaboration, empower accountability and reduce the burden on you as the project manager to continually make sense of it all.
Try LeanKit’s Online Collaboration Tool for Visual Process Management Free. | <urn:uuid:3f19db05-f793-4320-abe3-b277ec3183f9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://leankit.com/learn/project-management/collaboration-tool/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281151.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00118-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.93003 | 843 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Woven belt, using traditional Latvian patterns from the Lielvarde region. Woven by Anna Apinis, circa 1960s on a belt loom using the pick-up technique. Anna was born in 1913 in Latvia. She attended weaving lessons in Liepaja in Latvia from 1930 to 1933 and spent hours at the nearby Liepaja Ethnographic Museum, recording traditional fabric designs in her notebooks. She had a loom constructed for her by fellow survivors of the World War II in at Memmingen a displaced persons camp in Germany.
In 1950 Anna migrated to Australia with her father Ernest, husband Ervins and son Eriks. She became one of the few suppliers of fabric for Latvian national costumes in Australia in the 1950s and 1960s, and exhibited her weaving nationally, at exhibitions and Latvian cultural festivals. She fulfilled her dream to keep her cultural traditions alive through her daughter Anita who continues to weave to this day.
Long woven belt with red and white geometric patterns. Long fringed red and white edgings.
Significance: These items form part of the Apinis Latvian weaving collection, a collection of Latvian weavings, tools (including a countermarch floor loom), weaving notebooks, costume items and audio visual interviews. Its historical and cultural significance lies in the comprehensive documentation of the story through artefacts and narratives, the quality of the weavings and the rarity of particular items such as the loom created in a German displaced persons' camp after World War II and notebooks kept from the 1930s to preserve traditional Latvian weaving techniques. The collection documents the maintenance and transportation of cultural traditions.
Donation from Ms Anita Apinis-Herman, 2/2/2011
Other Association (See Comments)
Type of item
1490 mm (Length), 70 mm (Width) | <urn:uuid:e5b26d07-0f5a-4504-a5a9-cad0a66dec40> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://collections.museumvictoria.com.au/items/1557415 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719041.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00168-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.936049 | 382 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Review the patterns of implementation of a sepsis bundle and identify the characteristics associated with incomplete implementation.
Data was prospectively obtained from MediQual databases as well as a retrospective chart review of a sample of patients with a principle discharge diagnosis of severe sepsis or septic shock (IDC-9 78522, 99592). The mortality rate was compared before (2004–2005) and after (2007–2008) implementation of a sepsis bundle. Implementation of the sepsis bundle was assessed by bundle orders used, >20ml/kg fluid bolus in first hour, serum lactate measured, central line placed, volume status after 6 hours, ScvO2 measured, timely first dose of antibiotics, assessment for drotrecogin alfa (activated), and lung protective ventilation.
There was a decrease in the mortality rate (69/155) 44.5% (2004–2005) to (202/540) 37.4% (2007–2008) which was not statistically significant (p=0.06). Thirty-two charts were reviewed. Discharge diagnosis was severe sepsis (62%) and septic shock (38%). Septic sources: lung (53%), urine (38%), GI (9%), wound (3%) and other (9%). Bundle order forms were used in 28%. A fluid bolus of >20ml/kg in the first hour was given in 28%. A serum lactate was not done in 50%. Central line was placed in 63%. Central venous pressures were not >8 mmHg 6 hours after identification in 22%. ScvO2 was not checked in 88%. The first antibiotic dose was given within the first 4 hours in 64% and >7 hours after identification of sepsis in 35%. 87% of the patients were not assessed for use of drotrecogin alfa (activated). Lung protective ventilation was not used in 22% identified with ALI/ARDS. There was lack of implementation of all sepsis bundle orders in 84%. Delays in identifying sepsis occurred in 64%.
Variability in the degree of implementation of bundle practices is the most significant barrier. Delays in diagnosis and implementation, in particular with antibiotic use and resuscitation, also impact overall care quality.
Sepsis bundle implementation that fails to improve outcome may be related to delays and implementation of all bundle components.
Benjamin Mosher, No Financial Disclosure Information; No Product/Research Disclosure Information | <urn:uuid:26206ad2-a84b-4166-b4bf-cb01dfb6ee9d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://journal.publications.chestnet.org/article.aspx?articleid=1095886 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00330-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.924439 | 505 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Книгу можно купить в интернет-магазинах:
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ISBN: 1598634143Издательство: Course Technology
Год издания: 2007
How safe is your network? Intrusion Alert: an Ethical Hacking Guide to Intrusion Detection provides an in-depth look at the intrusion detection systems that are currently available to help protect your networks from cyber criminals. The book begins by explaining various security concepts and the basics of security attacks, and then goes on to provide an introduction intrusion detection systems (IDS), how these systems work, and principles of IDS and the IDS architecture. The second section of the book deals with the installation and configuration of various IDS tools including tcpdump, ISA Server 2004 and Snort. Readers learn to implement these products, understand essential administration and maintenance tasks, and fine tune and use the data they provide appropriately. | <urn:uuid:589b9207-0402-476e-92b1-71e5f0b4c374> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.libring.ru/books/147075 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721008.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00118-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.791799 | 265 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Footnote(s): (a) Annual average.
Source(s): ABS Labour Force, Australia (cat. no. 6202.0)
Source(s): ABS data available on request, Australian Census of Population and Housing.
Employment opportunities vary across different parts of Australia along with the nature and strength of the economic base, the industry profile and the relative growth of industries within the region. Differences in regional employment opportunities may reflect the fact that some areas have been more affected than others by restructuring within the economy, including the move away from traditional manufacturing to service industries. Other factors, including the population's age composition and growth, and the skill base of residents, can influence regional differences in employment (ABS 2001).
In 2009, the lowest unemployment rate was in the ACT (3.3%) followed by the Northern Territory (3.8%), while the highest unemployment rate was in NSW (6.1%). Unemployment fell significantly across most states and territories over the past decade, with the largest fall in Tasmania (from 9.3% to 5.0%). One of the exceptions was NSW, where the unemployment rate between 1999 and 2009 dropped 0.1 percentage points (from 6.2% to 6.1%).
Unemployment also varies depending on the remoteness of the region. While unemployment fell across all remoteness areas over the five years to 2006, the pattern of unemployment across remoteness classification remained similar. People living in remote and very remote parts of Australia had the lowest unemployment rates (4.1% and 4.8%, respectively, in 2006), while those living in inner regional Australia had the highest (5.9% in 2006).
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Dubbing the scene “Relevant” from Birdman into Spanish
The following post is a proof-of-concept project for Middlebury Institute of International Studies, I do not own the rights to the video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tn48hUyFrKQ or the movie.
The Art of Dubbing
According to ©2022 Encyclopedia Britannica, dubbing, in filmmaking is the process of adding new dialogue or other sounds to the soundtrack of a motion picture that has already been shot. Dubbing is most familiar to audiences as a means of translating foreign-language films into the audience’s language.
However, as a localization professional It’s not every day that we get to work on a dubbing project from the perspective of the dubbing supervisor, voice actors/actresses, and video editors, all at once. For that reason I decided to dub one monologue of one of my favorite movies of all times: Birdman, the unexpected virtue of ignorance and see what challenged I could face by doing so.
But once I started thinking about the best workflow for the project, I had only a glimpse of the challenges that were coming.
- Preparing the Script (English / Spanish)
- Recording voiceover (two voices)
- Editing video to match lips from the original in Audition
- Importing into Premiere Pro and creating a final file.
Things that I knew before going into the project
- Its widely know that Spanish expands when translating from English most of the time, for that reason I knew that I had to count the words to match that into the translation. I had to be brief in Spanish, while trying to convey the same meaning.
- I knew that I had to use the razor tool in Audition to match the lip from the dubbed
audio with the original file.
- I knew that there were any distractions where I could put some audio over because the lips were not there, the lips where ALWAYS there in this clip.
But… It was “1:35” min clip so I should be fine right?
The unexpected virtue of ignorance – Why?
First, I am not a professional actress, keep in mind that Emma Stone got an Academy Award nomination for her role on this movie. I had to really imprint my voice with frustration, anger, sadness, and think about all the emotions that I couldn’t convey. But besides that, I didn’t realize that the recording was even more crucial than I anticipated.
Second, I am not a professional video editor, although I feel pretty confident now about my skills in Audition and Premiere Pro, I know that there are some high-level skills that professionals use that I don’t know about, so I watched a lot of tutorials to get things right.
Third, in Dubbing, Each second counts.
This last challenge was the most difficult one for this project because I realize that if not only how many words are in a script that count. Its also the pacing of the voice actor/actress while speaking. A sentence with only 8 words can turn into a long audio frame in Audition. So, I had to record myself multiple times to achieve that “matching” of the lips of the original clip.
The final product
After many recordings, editing sessions and a lot of patience, a 1:35 clip turned into 6 hours of work. At the end, I got a final cut that it doesn’t make me feel completely bad about it, but it can be improved by real voice actors/actresses and video editors. However, this experience allowed me to understand a bit more what it’s behind the effort of dubbing. I can say that after my Project Showcase, I have even more admiration for all the voice actors/actresses, video editors, dubbing supervisors and project managers who work to make the movies and the TV shows that people who doesn’t speak the original language can enjoy.
My recommendation to whoever is looking into getting into the Entertainment Industry is to try it yourself, there are many tutorials online and programs that you can learn, and even if you don’t achieve professional level in your first project, you will learn more about it that if you were just watching it from afar. | <urn:uuid:11fa1c67-48da-410e-9847-3d3c42b730b2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://arcaniam.com/dubbing-the-scene-relevant-from-birdman-into-spanish/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.968118 | 897 | 2.015625 | 2 |
COCA-COLA CO. v. KOKE CO. OF AMERICA et al.
254 U.S. 143 (41 S.Ct. 113, 65 L.Ed. 189)
COCA-COLA CO. v. KOKE CO. OF AMERICA et al.
Argued: Nov. 18 & 19, 1920.
Decided: Dec. 6, 1920.
- opinion, HOLMES [HTML]
Messrs. Frederick W. Lehmann, of St. Louis, Mo., Frank F. Reed and Edward S. Rogers, both of Chicago, Ill., and Harold Hirsch, of Atlanta, Ga., for petitioner.
Messrs. Richard E. Sloan, of Phoenix, Ariz., and Joseph W. Bailey, of Washington, D. C., for respondents.
Mr. Justice HOLMES delivered the opinion of the Court.
This is a bill in equity brought by the Coca-Cola Company to prevent the infringement of its trade-mark Coca-Cola and unfair competition with it in its business of making and selling the beverage for which the trade-mark is used. The District Court gave the plaintiff a decree. 235 Fed. 408. This was reversed by the Circuit Court of Appeals. Koke Co. v. Coca-Cola Co., 255 Fed. 894, 167 C. C. A. 214. Subsequently a writ of certiorari was granted by this Court. 250 U. S. 637, 39 Sup. Ct. 493, 63 L. Ed. 1183.
It appears that after the plaintiff's predecessors in title had used the mark for some years it was registered under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1881 ( 21 Stat. 502), and again under the Act of February 20, 1905, c. 592, 33 Stat. 724 (Comp. St. § 9485 et seq.). Both the Courts below agree that subject to the one question to be considered the plaintiff has a right to equitable relief. Whatever may have been its original weakness, the mark for years has acquired a secondary significance and has indicated the plaintiff's product alone. It is found that defendant's mixture is made and sold in imitation of the plaintiff's and that the word 'Koke' was chosen for the purpose of reaping the benefit of the advertising done by the plaintiff and of selling the imitation as and for the plaintiff's goods. The only obstacle found by the Circuit Court of Appeals in the way of continuing the injunction granted below was its opinion that the trade-mark in itself and the advertisements accompanying it made such fraudulent representations to the public that the plaintiff had lost its claim to any help from the Court. That is the question upon which the writ of certiorari was granted and the main one that we shall discuss.
Of course a man is not to be protected in the use of a device the very purpose and effect of which is to swindle the public. But the defects of a plaintiff do not offer a very broad ground for allowing another to swindle him. The defence relied on here should be scrutinized with a critical eye. The main point is this: Before 1900 the beginning of the good will was more or less helped by the presence of cocaine, a drug that, like alcohol of caffein or opium, may be described as a deadly poison or as a valuable item of the pharmacopoeia according to the rhetorical purposes in view. The amount seems to have been very small, but it may have been enough to begin a bad habit and after the Food and Drug Act of June 30, 1906, c. 3915 (Comp. St. §§ 8717-8728), if not earlier, long before this suit was brought, it was eliminated from the plaintiff's compound. Coca leaves still are used, to be sure, but after they have been subjected to a drastic process that removes from them every characteristic substance except a little tannin and still less chlorophyl. The cola nut, at best, on its side furnishes but a small portion of the caffein, which now is the only element that has appreciable effect. That comes mainly from other sources. It is argued that the continued use of the name imports a representation that has ceased to be true and that the representation is reinforced by a picture of coca leaves and cola nuts upon the label and by advertisements, which however were many years before this suit was brought, that the drink is an 'ideal nerve tonic and stimulant,' etc., and that thus the very thing sought to be protected is used as a fraud.
The agrument does not satisfy us. We are dealing here with a popular drink not with a medicine, and although what has been said might suggest that its attraction lay in producing the expectation of a toxic effect the facts point to a different conclusion. Since 1900 the sales have increased at a very great rate corresponding to a like increase in advertising. The name now characterizes a beverage to be had at almost any soda fountain. It means a single thing coming from a single source, and well known to the community. It hardly would be too much to say that the drink characterizes the name as much as the name the drink. In other words 'Coca-Cola' probably means to most persons the plaintiff's familiar product to be had everywhere rather than a compound of particular substances. Although the fact did not appear in United States v. Coca-Cola Co., 241 U. S. 265, 289, 36 Sup. Ct. 573, 60 L. Ed. 995, Ann. Cas. 1917C, 487, we see no reason to doubt that, as we have said, it has acquired a secondary meaning in which perhaps the product is more emphasized than the producer but to which the producer is entitled. The coca leaves and whatever of cola nut is employed may be used to justify the continuance of the name or they may affect the flavor as the plaintiff contends, but before this suit was brought the plaintiff had advertised to the public that it must not expect and would not find cocaine, and had eliminated everything tending to suggest cocaine effects except the name and the picture of the leaves and nuts, which probably conveyed little or nothing to most who saw it. It appears to us that it would be going too far to deny the plaintiff relief against a palpable fraud because possibly here and there an ignorant person might call for the drink with the hope for incipient cocaine intoxication. The plaintiff's position must be judged by the facts as they were when the suit was begun, not by the facts of a different condition and an earlier time.
The decree of the District Court restrains the defendant from using the word 'Dope.' The plaintiff illustrated in a very striking way the fact that the word is one of the most featureless known even to the language of those who are incapable of discriminating speech. In some places it would be used to call for Coca-Cola. It equally would have been used to call for anything else having about it a faint aureole of poison. It does not suggest Coca-Cola by similarity and whatever objections there may be to its use, objections which the plaintiff equally makes to its application to Coca-Cola, we see no ground on which the plaintiff can claim a personal right to exclude the defendant from using it.
The product including the coloring matter is free to all who can make it if no extrinsic deceiving element is present. The injunction should be modified also in this respect.
Decree of District Court modified and affirmed.
CC∅ | Transformed by Public.Resource.Org | <urn:uuid:6e3629d7-aa82-4875-84b1-4e5296d1bdb9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/254/143 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279410.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00174-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.9737 | 1,553 | 1.648438 | 2 |
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