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Sports Current affairs are one of the most important sections when it comes to competitive exams such as the bank/SSC/Railways/State exam, as every year nearly 4-5 questions are asked from this section. In this pdf, you can find 45 top practice questions for the bank/SSC/Railways/State and other competitive exams.
Sports Current Affairs Questions
Here are some sample questions from the PDF:
Question 1: Who has won the player of the month award by ICC in April 2021?
- Virat Kohli
- M.S Dhoni
- Bhubneshwar Kumar
- Hardik Pandeya
The correct answer is Bhubneshwar Kumar
Question 2: Who has clinched the Miami Open Men’s tennis title recently?
- Hubert Hurkacz
- J. Sinner
- Ashleigh Barty
- None of the above
The correct answer is Hubert Hurkacz
Question 3: Who among the following has become the first Indian woman cricketer to complete 10000 international runs?
- Smriti Mandhana
- Mithali Raj
- Shafali Verma
- Harmanpreet Kaur
The correct answer is Mithali raj
How To Download The Free e-book?
- Click on the link given above
- Register or Login to your Oliveboard Dashboard
- Click on “click here” as shown in the image below to download file.
You can download 200+ ebooks important for SSC, Banking, Railway, Insurance, and other government exams here.
Oliveboard Bolt series E-books:
- Oliveboard Bolt – General Awareness
- Bolt – Monthly Current Affairs PDF
- Banking Bolt – Free E-book for Banking Awareness
- Economy Bolt – Free E-book for Economy | <urn:uuid:30886591-7abf-45cb-ace4-a65d69cfe265> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.oliveboard.in/blog/sports-current-affairs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.902069 | 395 | 1.960938 | 2 |
Knowing where to start in the area of home improvement can be overwhelming, but it is quite rewarding once you get started. Patience and knowledge are critical to beginning a job the right way. This article will present you with tips on how to succeed in your remodeling projects.
You can make a room in your home feel fresh and new by updating the floor covering. You can choose to do the work yourself, or most flooring companies can install the flooring of your choice (either carpet, tile, hardwoods, or other) in a short amount of time, generally about one day.
Plan out what you intend to do before you start on your home improvement project. A concrete plan is essential if you want your project to be within your budget and completed on time. You also know how much more adding in different things to your project might cost you. Contractors will also be happier if you already have a good idea of what it is you want.
Before buying “quality” supplies, see to it that you shop around for the best deals possible. Replacing the flooring in your home, for example, can be very expensive, so it pays to shop around. Between the discount outlets you can find and the bargain-hunting resources available to you, you may be able to save significant amounts of money.
Insulate the attic to save money on heating costs. Heat will rise and you lose a lot of it out of your roof if it is not insualted. This insulation can be bought at most home improvement stores and is fairly easy to install.
Putting on a new roof is one of the major expenses of home ownership. Be sure to get the best price by gathering estimates from a minimum of three roofing companies. Be certain to check references on each company. There are many different styles of roofing materials available today, from lightweight tiles to traditional shingles. Have your contractor help you make a decision.
Chair cushions begin to flatten out over time with heavy use. Place your cushions outside in the sun once in a while. The sun will help remove some of the moisture in the cushions and give them new bounce. Flip the cushions and don’t leave them out in the sun too long, since they may become faded.
Prepare for DIY projects by purchasing quality supplies and tools. It can be expensive, but the expense is worth the value of doing things right. In general, quality products are better suited to daily wear and tear. Tools, while expensive, won’t have to be replaced often.
If the front of your home is a bit drab and boring, a pergola can spice it right up. Pergolas have become very popular among homeowners who wish to give their yards a natural, shaded look. With a few friends to help, you can buy a kit and have the pergola completed over the weekend.
Now you know how to start your own renovation. If you’re organized and dedicated, any home improvement project you have should be successful. | <urn:uuid:16246c15-63b1-4a06-a96a-4d343ac65f0c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://eastmanscaffolds.com/avoid-hassle-with-this-great-home-improvement-advice/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.956632 | 625 | 1.796875 | 2 |
In the Presidential election of 1800, Thomas Jefferson runs for President and Aaron Burr for Vice President on the Democratic-Republican ticket. Both get 73 votes in the Electoral College. This forces the election into the House of Representatives, where the Federalist Party holds the majority. Opposition to Jefferson causes many Federalists to vote for Burr. Repeatedly casting ballots, the House is unable to reach a majority for any candidate until former treasury secretary Alexander Hamilton intervenes with Federalists and persuades them to vote for Jefferson on the thirty-seventh ballot. This event spurs demand for the Twelfth Amendment. | <urn:uuid:72218340-2e35-4d1e-a987-f460a5654665> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.annenbergclassroom.org/timeline_event/house-of-representatives-votes-to-break-an-electoral-tie/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.932528 | 120 | 3.328125 | 3 |
A US Navy veteran is returning home after being freed from detention in Iran.
Michael White was sentenced to prison last year on unspecified charges, but was released temporarily on medical grounds to the Swiss embassy in March.
He was arrested in 2018 after travelling to meet his girlfriend in the city of Mashhad.
The news comes days after an Iranian scientist detained in the US was deported.
Sirous Asgari, a materials science professor from Tehran, had been charged in 2016 with trying to trade secret research from an American university, but was acquitted in November.
The twin releases appear to be a rare example of co-operation between Iran and the US – although Washington has denied so far that it was a straight prisoner swap.
US President Donald Trump confirmed Mr White’s release on Thursday and said the Swiss plane he was travelling on had left Iranian airspace.
“I will never stop working to secure the release of all Americans held hostage overseas,” he said.
“For the past 683 days my son, Michael, has been held hostage in Iran by the IRGC and I have been living a nightmare,” Mr White’s mother said in a statement.
“I am blessed to announce that the nightmare is over, and my son is safely on his way home.”
Mr White was one of at least six US citizens either imprisoned in Iran or out on bail.
He was granted medical furlough to the Swiss embassy in March amid the release of large numbers of prisoners due to the spread of coronavirus in Iran.
His family said he had visited the country a number of times before he was detained.
In December, the US and Iran conducted a prisoner swap in a rare sign of co-operation. Chinese-American researcher Xiyue Wang and Iranian scientist Massoud Soleimani were freed.
Relations between the two countries have been increasingly hostile since the US abandoned the Iran nuclear deal in 2018.
But tensions escalated further this year when the US assassinated top Iranian commander Gen Qasem Soleimani in a drone strike in Iraq in January. Iran retaliated by launching ballistic missiles at Iraqi military bases hosting US forces. | <urn:uuid:6741659e-08b0-4f7a-a95c-21b9dd2c2be8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://factualcast.com/2020/06/04/us-veteran-on-way-home-from-iran-after-detention/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00679.warc.gz | en | 0.978163 | 447 | 1.789063 | 2 |
3 reasons to bother about great sound quality?
The Vienna Opera house is home ot one of the best orchestras in the world and hosts world famous performers like Placido Domingo. Seats to attend are not exactly cheap so what makes this place special? The opera house is not the biggest in the world - in fact when it was rebuilt, they made it smaller for one reason which was to improve the acoustics. The fact is that people recognise sound quality to be very important at a conscious or sub-conscious level.
Music has the ability to change our mood, it can also bring back memories and life experiences.
Good for the brain
Music releases feel good chemicals into the brain and increases focus and clarity. When sound quality is poor, the brain knows what it wants to hear and "fills in for reality". The problem is that this is work for the brain that detracts from enjoyment.
Music is one of the greatest gifts in life. The truth is that most never get to hear it reproduced in it's fullness. Our goal is to remedy this and enable you enjoy it the way it should bel.
Finding a sound that allows you to really connect with the emotion of an original performance, is probably what you are looking for. This is said in various ways such as
"It was so real theat you felt you were at the concert"
"I thought the singers were in the room with me"
"I was no longer listening to Hi Fi but just became immersed in the music"
We have found that to achieve this goal means reproducing music with extraordinary accuracy. The ear can hear air movement down to one tenth of the diameter of a hydrogen atom - in other words you can't get more sensitive. Our designs focus on reproducing the original event so that music actually sounds like real instruments and real voices.
Key elements that you must have to create realism
This level of accuracy is not easy to achieve as there are severe technical challenges which are listed in the side menu item "Auditioning".
Many designs end up compromising the most difficult aspects and the effect is like looking through rose tinted glasses, notes all sound slightly softened or there is a lot of detail in the music but no warmth and bass. At Origin Live we have 3 aspects that we believe make for the most enjoyable sound possible.
- Powerfull dynamics & very high transient speed approaching that of live music makes music exciting and invigorating to hear.
- Transparency - This is the opposite of a "wall of sound" often created by impressive multi-driver speakers. Clarity and the ability to hear each strand of the music in it's correct position on the soundstage is paramount.
- Correct tonal balance - music must not only be transparent but have warmth, body and weight
Judging by the incredibly positive feedback we receive, these values are shared by the vast majority which is a great indicator that you too will get on well with our products. | <urn:uuid:b9f70277-afe1-4bf8-919b-16522462dd2b> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.originlive.com/sound-quality.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720000.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00025-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968683 | 606 | 1.835938 | 2 |
Education comes in many different forms. For many it is a journey from elementary school that culminates in a college degree. For others it is a trade school that prepares them for an occupation. In either case the education one chooses is the key to a future that will meet personal and professional goals.
As time passes personal goals may change. This is when the wise person once again returns to the values of education to re-invent themselves and perhaps begin a new journey, a journey that will lead them to a new and challenging career. How hard you work in school, how much effort you put into your education will live with you for the rest of your life. If you don’t, you will not do well and most likely not be able to get a very good job, a job you enjoy. Many people have a job they don’t really enjoy, that doesn’t challenge them, but because of a lack of education have no choice. Education allows you to have choices. The ones who applied themselves in school will be the ones who can do anything with their lives and pick from many careers. They have the choice that if they take a job they end up not liking or does not allow them a future, they can change. Those who did not pursue their education are more limited in what they can do and can offer to an employer.
Education allows for more opportunities to be successful financially which benefits our economy. Also those that are more educated are more likely to invent new things that are useful to others, or they will be the ones who find the cure to cancer or Aids. They will be the ones who will saves thousands of lives all over the world. They will be remembered for their accomplishments. It has been proven that those with a poor or little education are more likely to commit crimes and end up in prison. They usually are not very happy with their lives and have to deal with the stress of not have much money and not being able to provide for their families. Unfortunately, this affects their children and unless the parents stress the importance of a good education or they listen to their teachers and apply themselves they will end up living the same life as their parents. Education truly is the key that unlocks many doors, its up to you to use it.
If you enjoyed this essay, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to This I Believe, Inc. | <urn:uuid:138326bb-919c-4ad8-afdc-0ea4563202d4> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://thisibelieve.org/essay/39892/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718866.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00003-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.98234 | 485 | 2.53125 | 3 |
iOS iPhone Utilities
Server downtime has always been a major concern with IT administrators. But when it comes time to present the IT budget for improved datacenter resiliency, it’s sometimes difficult to justify the case to departmental decision makers. This is especially concerning in a time when data storage requirements are increasing rapidly.
Today, companies have less free cash available to clean up after a major disaster.
As a means of helping with this issue, Storagepipe has produced a simple widget which clearly illustrates the urgent need for effective business continuity planning and implementation.
The Downtime Cost Calculator is easy-to-use, and can provide relevant downtime cost calculations within only a few seconds. The estimations are based on a number of key business factors such as employee size and annual revenue.
Performing cost/benefit analysis using a tool like this can present an attractive alternative to building complicated spreadsheet simulations.
This tool illustrates the value presented by Storagepipe’s line of cloud-based data protection technologies which can help businesses minimize the costly effects of server downtime.
Amongst Storagepipe’s service offerings are Online Backup, Data Archiving, High Availability, Business Continuity, and more.
This app does not ask for any personally identifying information, and does not store any of the information used in its calculations. | <urn:uuid:6d9ab9f7-d56b-4944-ac87-e27b55de4ab1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://appshopper.com/utilities/downtime-calculator | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00064-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.921021 | 270 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Confidently erase data in active environments and from used IT assets.
Boost services throughout the device lifecycle—from first sale to end-of-life.
Expedite processes, recover more marketable product, and increase services.
Home » News & Press » Encryption and Reformatting Drives Might Seem Convenient & Reliable, But They’re Not Fail…
Blancco Technology Group Study Finds 70 Percent of Organizations Rely on Encryption to Protect Valuable Data on Solid State Drives and 35 Percent Reformat Drives
Atlanta and London, January 31, 2017 – In recent years, a growing number of data breaches have resulted from the improper data removal and insecure storage of drives. To educate businesses on the importance of proper data management and security, Blancco Technology Group (AIM: BLTG) today released the findings of the Security Limitations of SSDs research study, which revealed that organizations face a myriad of internal and external challenges with preventing sensitive personal and corporate information from being accessed or breached from solid state drives (SSDs).
According to over 300 IT professionals surveyed in the United States, Canada, Mexico, United Kingdom, France, Germany, India, Japan and China, 62 percent of organizations believe encryption is sufficient to protect data from being accessed or breached. On top of this, 70 percent said they rely on encryption to prevent data loss/theft from SSDs and 35 percent reformat the drives. Moreover, when IT assets containing SSDs hit their end-of-life and are ready to be disposed of, recycled or resold, over half (56 percent) of organizations either send them to IT asset disposition vendors/recyclers to erase the data or outsource the task to an IT security consultant.
Key findings from the study include:
“Our study’s findings underscore the difficulty many organizations face with managing, storing and protecting data on SSDs and are symptomatic of a larger data security problem,” said Richard Stiennon, Chief Strategy Officer of Blancco Technology Group. “Many organizations and individuals place a great deal of their trust and reliance in encryption and reformatting to prevent data loss/theft from SSDs and minimize their exposure to a potential data breach. But there are certain data security challenges with encryption that are often overlooked when it comes to protecting data stored on SSDs. And we know from our own analysis of 200 used drives purchased from eBay and Craigslist that reformatting of SSDs could result in various types and amounts of personal and corporate information being left exposed and recovered. Organizations cannot afford to be lax in how they manage and erase SSDs – or they could find themselves hit by a data breach.”
One such example is the recent data breach that hit health insurer Centene. In January 2016, the health insurer lost six hard drives that were part of a data project using laboratory results to improve the health outcomes of members. The missing drives contained the health information for 950,000 beneficiaries and included individuals’ names, dates of birth, social security numbers and member ID numbers.
The purpose of the study is to understand the data security challenges and limitations organizations face with data storage and management of solid state drives (SSDs). Over 300 IT professionals in the United States, Canada, Mexico, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Indian, Japan and China completed the survey in December 2016.
About Blancco Technology Group
Blancco Technology Group (AIM: BLTG) is the de facto standard in data erasure and mobile device diagnostics. The Blancco Data Eraser solutions provide thousands of organizations with an absolute line of defense against costly security breaches, as well as verification of regulatory compliance through a 100% tamper-proof audit trail. Our data erasure solutions have been tested, certified, approved and recommended by 18 governing bodies around the world. No other security firm can boast this level of compliance with the most rigorous requirements set by government agencies, legal authorities and independent testing laboratories.
The Blancco Mobile Diagnostics solutions enable mobile network operators, retailers and insurers to easily, quickly and accurately identify and resolve performance issues on their customers’ mobile devices. As a result, mobile service providers can spend less time dealing with technical issues and, in turn, reduce the quantity of NTF returns, save on operational costs and increase customer satisfaction.
For more information, visit our website at www.blancco.com.
CCgroup for Blancco Technology Group (UK)Abbie Godward / Josh CobbT: +44 (0) 20 3824 9214E: firstname.lastname@example.org
CCgroup for Blancco Technology Group (US)Lori ScribnerT: +1 619 798 0043E: email@example.com
Blancco Technology GroupLiz Adams, Global Marketing DirectorT: +44 (0) 7725 010 412E: firstname.lastname@example.org | <urn:uuid:e6b0d3f2-9cc3-46a9-a746-64b7abbff98b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.blancco.com/encryption-reformatting-drives-might-seem-convenient-reliable-theyre-not-fail-safe-data-protection-measures/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.909865 | 1,050 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Wednesday, February 18, 2009
A good friend sent me an article on "Appalachian Dialect" which really made me think!!!! SO---I did some research and alot more reading. A dialect is a variety of languages spoken by a group of people from the same regional or cultural background. Each dialect has its own pronunciations, sentence structures, and vocabulary. There are several dialects across the USA, but ours (Appalachian Dialect) is one of the most distinct. People (LIKE ME) who live/lived in the Appalachian Mountain region of the eastern United States are known for their distinct dialect and the strong accent that comes with it.
Above is a great picture looking down toward my hometown, Big Stone Gap, VA. What I love about the picture is knowing that my wonderful little hometown is down there nestled between the mountains. I always knew that I grew up in the mountains ---but I certainly took it for granted while growing up, and didn't appreciate it UNTIL after I left the area. Big Stone Gap is truly in a GAP---and is in a beautiful area of the country in the southwest corner of Virginia. I haven't gone 'home' much since 1960---but when I have gone, I am totally in 'awe' of the beauty there. That drive up in and around Powell Valley is absolutely tremendous! I have great memories of my hometown.
The early settlers to this area were mostly Scottish, Irish, German and English. The merging of all of these dialects combined with the isolation of the area has caused the Appalachian dialect to be labeled in many phonetics and language studies as "Virgin English" --a form of English that some say has changed very little since the settlers first came. Yet--if you study it, you'll find that it does change, continually!!!
SO--how do "I" feel about the 'language' in the area where I was 'raised up' (as they say)????? I guess my answer would be that I was CONFUSED!!! Here's a little background that makes a difference in my reactions and responses. I was raised in a family of school teachers. Even with our Scotch-Irish background, my family 'tried' to speak "proper" English (whatever that is!!!).. The way we talked was a 'touchy' subject--especially when 'outsiders' said something!!!! I remember when my sister-in-law first came to Big Stone Gap from her home in California, she said to me, "Betsy, you have an ACCENT." WELL----that offended me BIGTIME. ME???? An ACCENT???? NEVER!!!! ha ha
I used to think that 'outsiders' thought of us as stupid because of our accent. And I agree about some of the usage.. It's embarrassing to hear someone say "I knowed it" or "I seen it." Can't they learn the proper way to use verbs????? BUT---if you dig a little deeper and study our special language and southern drawl, you'll find some of the most interesting and vivid descriptions of any language. Our language is liberally sprinkled with such gems as: "That man is so contrary, if you throwed him in a river he'd float upstream!" OR--"She walks so slow they have to set stakes to see if she's a-movin!"
In another upcoming blog, I will be talking more about OUR language ---and many of the things we say (or the way we say them). It's amazing-- when I did research I found that even though I've been gone from southwest Virginia for 50 years, I still use much of that language... And I truly am PROUD of it now. From my upbringing, I learned so many important values: religion, families, individualism, self-reliance and pride, love of place, being oneself, sense of beauty, sense of humor, neighborliness, patriotism--and most of all, special friendships which have lasted a lifetime.
Yes, being born and raised in the small town of Big Stone Gap, Virginia --in the southwest corner, in the Appalachian Mountains, made me a BETTER person. I am proud of my heritage!!!! "Hidy, hidy, furriner! You went traveled a fur piece to get hwar, and it's rainin' like a big dog. Pull up a cheer and set a spell." | <urn:uuid:88da7ce2-5912-494b-92f5-dde19a955915> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://betsyfromtennessee.blogspot.com/2009_02_18_archive.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719843.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00293-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969665 | 908 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Indigenous Research Protection Act
WHEREAS, pursuant to the ________ Treaty, [or Executive Order or Agreement] the _________ Tribe reserved the ______
Reservation (hereinafter "Reservation") for present and future generations of the _________ people, and
the _______ Tribal Council (or Executive Committee) has a duty and responsibility to protect the Reservation and
traditional aboriginal homelands of the _______ people; and
WHEREAS the Reservation forms a sizeable geographic area for the exercise of Tribal jurisdiction, supports a residing
population, is the basis for the Tribal economy, and provides an irreplaceable forum for cultural vitality based
on religious and cultural traditions premised on the sacredness of land; and
WHEREAS the original territory of the Tribe, including land off-Reservation, contain significant cultural and religious
sites which continue to be utilized by Tribal members; and
WHEREAS the ______ Tribe, by and through the _________ Council, has the inherent sovereign authority to regulate
the conduct and activities on all lands within the jurisdiction of the Tribe, and as expressly established in the
Constitution of the _____ Tribe, to promulgate, adopt, and enact laws for the control and regulation on all lands
within the jurisdiction of the Tribe, and to protect the health, economic security, and general welfare of the
Tribe and its members
NOW THEREFORE BE IT ENACTED BY THE COUNCIL OF THE _______________ TRIBE an Ordinance to be known as the "Indigenous
Research Protection Act."
SECTION 1. FINDINGS AND POLICY.
1.1 The natural and cultural landscapes, including wildlife, flora, fauna, waters, and biogenetics, among others,
located on aboriginal and present day Tribal lands are owned by the Tribe and the disposition, development, and
utilization thereof are under the Tribe's full control and supervision.
1.2 The integrity and orientation of past, present, and future generations of the _______ people is founded upon
a unique and invaluable cultural, historical and environmental ethic. This Tribal ethic defines and perpetuates
a communal identity, language, history, and value system which involves an irrevocable cultural attachment to the
native landscape ecology, and the human inseparability and interdependence with species and biological diversity.
1.3 The Tribe has the right of self-determination and in exercising that right must be recognized as the exclusive
owner of indigenous traditional knowledge.
1.4 Indigenous knowledge, cultural and biogenetic resources, and intellectual property rights have been, and continue
to be, damaged, destroyed, stolen, misappropriated, both on and off the Reservation and Tribal members have been
the subjects of research for decades, with virtually no benefits returning back to the community from the research.
1.5 The Tribe finds that it is in the best interest of the Tribal community to establish a research review mechanism
to prevent the continued abuses, to protect the people's traditional knowledge and properties, and thereby to ensure
our rights to continue to practice traditional lifeways and long term survival thereof.
1.6 The established research review process is developed as a mechanism to improve relations between the Tribe
and scientists/researchers, and to promote collaboration within the framework of mutual respect, equity, and empowerment,
and to identify benefits and risks to the Tribal community.
SECTION 2. PURPOSE.
2.1 The purposes of this Ordinance are to:
a. protect the people, culture and natural resources of the Tribe and the Tribe's future generations from unauthorized
scientific research; and
b. to reduce the adverse effects of research and related activities on the Tribal community; and
c. to ensure that researchers recognize Tribal control of research activities and that the Tribe owns all data
and information generated or produced by such research; and
d. to establish and provide a statutory basis for a process to review and govern any research, collection, database,
or publication undertaken on the Reservation.
2.2 All research activities conducted on the Reservation must comply with this ordinance.
2.3 The Tribe reserves its right, through its inherent sovereign authority and its police power, to exclude individuals
from the Reservation and to deny permission and access for any research activities whatsoever.
SECTION 3. DEFINITIONS.
For purposes of this Act:
3.1 "__________ Tribal Community" includes Tribal members, their descendants and ancestors, and other
individuals, families, clans, governments and people residing within the exterior boundaries of the Reservation.
3.2 "Academic Research" means research carried out to obtain
educational qualifications or as part of their academic career at a university or affiliated institutions.
3.3 "Biodiversity" means the total variety of life in all its forms. It includes many levels that range
from the level of alleles to the biosphere. The major elements of biodiversity include alleles, genes, populations,
species, ecosystems, landscapes, and the ecological processes of which they are a part.
3.4 "Biogenetic Resources" means biological and genetic resources, including plant material, animals,
microorganisms, cells, and genes.
3.5 "Biological Samples" means, but is not limited to: bacteria and other microorganisms, bacteria, plant,
animal, or any human biological materials, genetic samples, any copies of the original genetic samples, any cell
lines containing copies of the original genetic samples, and data derived from these samples.
3.6 "Commercial Purposes" means to sell, purchase, barter, trade, delayed compensation for profit, exchange,
transport, or offer to sell, purchase, barter, trade, delay compensation for profit, exchange, or transport.
3.7 "Cultural Research" means any endeavor, by means of critical investigation and study of a subject,
to discover new or collate old facts or hypotheses on a cultural subject, the latter being defined as any ethnographic
or anthropological study, including basic data collection, studies of or incorporating traditional knowledge or
classifications systems (e.g. studies of medicinal properties of plants), documentary films, archaeology, linguistics
and ethno-historical accounts.
3.8 "Indigenous" means native, originating or growing naturally in a specific landscape. Also refers
to people descending from the original inhabitants of the Western Hemisphere who have maintained distinct languages,
culture, or religion from time immemorial.
3.9 "Products of Research" means publications (including but not limited to reports, studies, articles,
theses, books, manuscripts, sound recordings, film and video, media interviews, computer databases), field notes,
illustrations, photographs, sound recordings, collected material artifacts, replicas, and specimens, including
any derivative forms they may take such as translations, and communications through the electronic media, including
the internet and world wide web.
3.10 "Research" includes identification, description, classification, collection, database, recordation,
analysis, and publication in fields including, but not limited to: agronomy, archaeology, astronomy, biology, ethnobotany,
ecology, ethnography, history, linguistics, paleontology, medicine, photography, psychology, remote sensing, sociology,
theology, videography, and other investigative disciplines or approaches as identified by the Tribe.
3.11 "Reservation" means all lands outside or inside the exterior boundaries of the ________ Reservation
which are under the jurisdiction of the Tribe, and such lands as may hereafter be obtained or added to the jurisdiction
of the Tribe.
3.12 "RRC" means the five member Research Review Committee established under this Act.
3.13 "Taboo/Sacred" means subject to which access is restricted to any degree. Such subjects can include
places, names, knowledge, oral traditions, objects, and practices.
3.14 "Traditional Indigenous Intellectual Property" means the indigenous cultural information, knowledge,
uses, and practices unique to the Tribe's ways of life maintained and established over tribal homelands and aboriginal
areas since time immemorial. This knowledge is based upon millennia of observation, habitation, and experience,
and is a communal right held by the Tribe, and in some instances by individuals. This property includes, but is
not limited to, the following:
a. knowledge of remembered histories and traditions;
b. details of cultural landscapes and particularly sites of cultural significance;
c. records of contemporary events of historical and cultural significance;
d. sacred property (images, sounds, knowledge, material, culture or anything that is deemed sacred by the community);
e. knowledge of current use, previous use, and/or potential use of plant and animal species, soils, minerals, objects;
f. knowledge of preparation, processing, or storage of useful species;
g. knowledge of formulations involving more than one ingredient;
h. knowledge of individual species (planting methods, care for, selection criteria, etc.);
i. knowledge of ecosystem conservation (methods of protecting or preserving a resource);
j. biogenetic resources that originate (or originated) on indigenous lands and territories;
k. tissues, cells, biogenetic molecules including DNA, RNA, and proteins, and all other substances originating
in the bodies of Tribal members, in addition to genetic and other information derived therefrom;
l. cultural property (images, sounds, crafts, art, symbols, motifs, names, performances); and
m. knowledge of systems of taxonomy of plants, animals, and insects.
3.12 "Traditional Knowledge Right" means the traditional right of individuals to control the ways the
information they provide is used and accessed. The issue of traditional knowledge rights arises when individuals
either own or are the custodians of specialized (or usually taboo/sacred) knowledge and its communication. This
knowledge can include names, ceremonies, designs or forms, oral traditions, practices and skills.
3.13 "Tribal Member" means an individual Indian who is enrolled in the ________ Tribe.
3.14 "Tribe" means the _________ Tribe.
SECTION 4. RESEARCH REVIEW COMMITTEE ESTABLISHED.
4.1 There is hereby established a Research Review Committee, which shall be comprised of five (5) Tribal members
who shall be appointed to serve on this committee by the Tribal governing body.
4.2 The RRC shall have the following duties and responsibilities:
a. to examine and comment on all proposals for research to be conducted within the Reservation.
b. to develop and propose to the Tribal governing body rules under which the RRC shall operate.
c. to coordinate and insure that affected Tribal programs', departments', and members' interests are protected
d. submit recommendations regarding proposals to the Tribal governing body for final approval.
e. coordinate and interact with the researcher(s) in order to ensure Tribal control of the research process and
Tribal ownership of data and information generated by such research.
f. negotiate the terms and conditions of a research agreement, and submit such agreement for execution by the Tribal
SECTION 5. GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR RRC.
5.1 The RRC, in examining proposals, shall be guided by the following principles:
a. Principle of Fully Informed Consent After Full Disclosure and Consultation
Research should not be conducted until there has been full consultation with all potentially affected Tribal communities
and individuals, and each such community and individual has approved the research after full disclosure. Full disclosure
is of: the full range of potential benefits and harms of the research, all relevant affiliations of the person(s)
or organization(s) seeking to undertake the research, and all sponsors of the researcher(s).
b. Principle of Immediate Risks and Benefits to the Tribal Community
The research should be of immediate benefit to the Tribal community, and the risks associated with the research
should be less significant than the benefits to be gained.
c. Principle of Confidentiality
This principle recognizes that the Tribe and local communities, at their sole discretion, have the right to exclude
from publication and/or to have kept confidential any information concerning their culture, traditions, mythologies,
or spiritual beliefs. Furthermore, researchers and other potential users shall guarantee such confidentiality.
d. Principle of Respect
This principle recognizes the necessity for researchers to respect the integrity, morality, and spirituality of
the culture, traditions, and relationships of Tribal members with the world, and to avoid the imposition of external
conceptions and standards.
e. Principle of Communication
This principle recognizes that communications should be carried out in the local language, using translators as
f. Principle of Empowerment
This principle recognizes that empowerment is the sharing of power and is premised on mutual respect. Empowerment
means that each affected party feels that their needs are being met through a fair and equitable manner. Empowerment
also means that research authorship must be shared between the Tribal community and the researcher.
g. Principle of Equity
This principle recognizes that equity is a sharing of resources. Both the researchers and the Tribe must bring
equity to any research contract, agreement or understanding. Each of the participants in a good research agreement
must evaluate such equity in relation to the research. Finance or money is only one form of equity. Community knowledge,
networks, personnel and political or social power are other forms of equity useful to the project. Each of these
commodities has value and must be shared between the researchers and the Tribe if a good agreement is to be formulated.
The parties must continuously review equity over the duration of a research agreement.
h. Principle of Mutual Respect
This principle recognizes that in order to develop a good research agreement, the researchers and the Tribe must
generate respect for each other. Respect is generated by understanding the social, political and cultural structures
of the other party. The researchers and the Tribes can not assume that they believe in the same things or share
the same goals and expectations. Good communication is required if a proper research agreement is to be generated.
Cultural sensitivity training for the researchers and Tribal awareness presentations will help develop a mutual
understanding in conducting the research project. Definitions and assumptions must be clarified and questioned
by each side and set forth in an agreement. The Tribes and the researchers must listen to each other with open
i. Principle of Prior Rights
This principle recognizes that indigenous peoples, traditional societies, and local communities have prior, proprietary
rights and interests over all air, land, and waterways, and the natural resources within them that these peoples
have traditionally inhabited or used, together with all knowledge and intellectual property and traditional resource
rights associated with such resources and their use.
j. Principle of Self-Determination
This principle recognizes that indigenous peoples, traditional societies and local communities have a right to
self determination and that researchers and associated organizations will acknowledge and respect such rights in
their dealings with these peoples and their communities.
k. Principle of Inalienability
This principle recognizes the inalienable rights of indigenous peoples in relation to their traditional territories
and the natural resources within them and associated traditional knowledge. These rights are collective by nature
but can include individual rights. It shall be for indigenous peoples to determine for themselves the nature and
scope of their resource rights regimes.
l. Principle of Traditional Guardianship
This principle recognizes the holistic interconnectedness of humanity with the ecosystems of our Sacred Earth and
the obligation and responsibility of indigenous peoples to preserve and maintain their role as traditional guardians
of these ecosystems through the maintenance of their cultures, mythologies, spiritual beliefs and customary practices.
SECTION 6. RESEARCH PROPOSAL REQUIREMENTS.
6.1 Time Frame:
As a cooperative venture, research requires an appropriate time frame for Tribal review and approval. Researchers
must begin working with the RRC in the earliest stages of planning their proposals. Depending on the nature of
the proposed project, researchers are advised to allow sufficient time for the RRC to thoroughly review and understand
all aspects of the study, ask questions and resolve differences. Even the simplest of proposals must be submitted
at least three months prior to the anticipated project start date. The RRC reserves the right to reject last minute
A short (a maximum five (5) pages, single sided) synopsis of the project shall be submitted to the RRC. A full
length proposal should be submitted as a supplement, but the requested summary must contain sufficient information
to allow the RRC to make an informed decision. The following information must be included in any request for approval
of a research project:
a) Statement of the Issue/Problem/Research Question:
The research applicant shall briefly describe the issue/problem the applicant is addressing by the proposed research.
Specific questions related to this issue/problem and the theoretical rationale behind the questions shall be set
forth. If the applicant has a specific hypothesis, the applicant shall briefly set forth such hypotheses.
b) Intent/Benefit to the Tribe:
The research applicant must clearly outline and discuss the intent of the research project and the benefit(s) that
the project, research or activity will have to the Tribal community. Some questions to be answered are: 1)what
are the anticipated consequences or results/outcomes of the project; 2) what groups will be affected and what groups
will benefit; and 3)in what ways will these groups and the Tribe's benefit?
As a part of the application process, the applicant shall briefly describe the procedure for the collection of
all data to be used in your study. Included shall be a description of subjects, settings, proposed procedure and
the nature of the data to be collected.
A very important part of the application process is a description on how confidentiality will be protected. The
applicant shall identify the circumstances under which the obligations of the researcher may constitute a breach
of confidentiality. A description shall be given on how individual participants will be informed of the degree
of confidentiality that will be maintained throughout the study. The Tribe maintains that unless otherwise specified,
only aggregate data, not individual data, shall be published or released to the general public. All individual
identifiers such as names, addresses and phone numbers must be kept confidential and no sale or transfer of databases
outside the specific research project shall be allowed. The applicant must state in their application summary whether
the Tribal community will be identified in any data released to the general public.
e) Disposition of Data and Samples
A portion of the application process shall describe how individual participants will be informed of how data and
samples will be used. Both the Tribal community and the participants must clearly understand what the researcher
plans to do with the information and samples that are collected. A description of the plans to provide individual
participants with their own personal results must be provided. In addition, the research applicant shall describe
how the community at large will be educated or empowered by this study. A description of the frequency and manner
by which the aggregate data and progress reports will be shared with the RRC must be set forth. Furthermore, communication
strategies to present aggregate data to the community at large shall be described.
The applicant must describe any potential legal, financial, social, physical or psychological risks that are anticipated
in the research. Any risks of deleterious impact on the cultural, social, economic or political well-being of the
Tribe or Tribal members shall be assessed. The assessment of risk will also address the steps that will be taken
to minimize, ameliorate or repair any actual harm caused to the Tribal community by the research. Explanation
shall also be given on how potential risks will be explained to participants and how the risks are justified by
the potential benefits of the research.
If the study is funded by any public or private sources, the applicant shall provide a full reference of this funding
source and explanation of any limits on the confidentiality of research results. If the researcher is currently
seeking funding, the researcher shall list all funding agencies for which proposals are being sought. Researchers
shall budget funding to cover cultural sensitivity training, to provide adequate resources to cover community education
and outreach efforts as a part of the research, and finally, to rectify any harm to, or exploitation of, Tribal
property resulting from the research.
h) Cultural Sensitivity Training:
All principal investigators, researchers, graduate students and any other people involved in the research will
be required to undergo cultural sensitivity training to be provided at the researcher's expense. Costs will be
determined based on the scope of the project. The training shall be provided by _______
The proposal must demonstrate how the participants and the Tribe will be given a fair and appropriate return for
cooperation in the research. Just compensation or fair return includes but is not limited to: obtaining copies
of the research findings, authorship, co-authorship or acknowledgment, royalties, fair monetary compensation, copyright,
patent, trademark, compensation for expenses incurred in reviewing/advising researchers, coverage of training/education
or outreach expenses or other forms of compensation.
The proposal must address mechanisms for informed consent, which may be required from individual participants,
families, clans or the Tribal Government. The applicant shall list all the agencies, professionals, government
representatives or individuals within the Tribal community with which the applicant has previously discussed the
proposed research and whether or not these people have given their informed consent, or other support, to the research.
The applicant shall describe how individuals and Tribal members will be empowered by the research process through
employment, training or outreach efforts. Native American preference must be given in employment and training in
all phases of the project or activity, especially where the research is occurring on the Reservation. The Tribal
preference laws shall govern the order of priorities in hiring.
l) Intellectual Property Rights:
The application shall address the plans (pre, during and post-project) for publication or commercialization of
the research findings. If such publication or commercialization is contemplated, the applicant shall address how
the Tribal community shall share in the authorship of publications or commercialization of the research findings.
The Tribe also needs to know how the Tribal community will have access to the project, research data or findings
for the Tribe's own use. Researchers must inform the RRC of journals, publishing houses or conferences that they
plan to print or present the results of their studies before papers are submitted or presented. The proposal must
demonstrate a process whereby the RRC and the Tribe will have an opportunity to review, critique and approve the
results of all studies before any publication, presentation, news conferences or release of data to the general
public occurs. Researchers shall be responsible for addressing, correcting and satisfying the concerns of the Tribe
in both drafts and final reports, papers or data summaries before they are released to the general public.
m) Data Ownership/Archive:
The Tribe reserves the right to require the deposit of raw materials or data, working papers or product in a tribally
designated repository, with specific safeguards to preserve confidentiality. Duplicates of data or split samples
may be required to be stored in such a local archive.
6.3 Administrative Fee:
The researcher shall remit with the research proposal an administrative fee in the amount of $______ to cover administrative
costs associated with review of the proposal and permitting.
SECTION 7. REVIEW OF RESEARCH PROPOSALS AND REVIEW PROCESS.
7.1 All research proposals must be complete before the RRC is required to consider the proposal. A proposal is
complete when it contains the fee and all of the information required in Section 6 that is necessary for the RRC
to decide whether or not the proposal should be considered.
7.2 Any research summaries and support documents requested by the RRC pursuant to the proposal process should be
7.3 The RRC shall review the application materials that are submitted and either:
a) Return the proposal to the researcher with requests for additional information or with suggestions for clarification
or change; or
b) Forward the proposal and request to the Tribal governing body with a recommendation for approval or disapproval;
c) Consult with other Tribal members, Tribal elders, professionals, technical experts or specialists for a second
evaluation before sending recommendations to the Tribal governing body.
7.4 The review process and approval of the research is complete when the researcher receives a letter of notification
from the RRC and enters into a binding Research Agreement (see Appendix) that contains the obligations and responsibilities
of the parties. Upon approval, principal investigators, researchers, graduate students and any others involved
in the research shall undergo cultural sensitivity training at the researcher's expense before any project begins
within the Reservation. The RRC expects periodic progress reports and will use these reports to update the Tribal
governing body on the status of the project.
7.5 The RRC may specify a Compliance Fee in an amount appropriate to ensure the researcher's compliance with the
conditions of the research. Upon completion of the research, the compliance deposit may be refundable.
7.6 Following approval of the research, the researcher shall secure all permits and licenses that may be required
by Tribal law, including but not limited to a permit as provided under Section 9.
SECTION 8. RESEARCH AGREEMENTS.
8.1 An agreement specific to the research shall be developed so that studies proceed in a manner that is both culturally
sensitive and relevant to the participants and the Tribal community.
8.2 Where any of the products of the research are to be used for commercial purposes, a separate agreement will
be made specifying the bases on which sales are to be made and the proceeds of sales are to be distributed. Where
research is engaged in for commercial purposes, it is the responsibility of the researcher to make all informants
and suppliers of information aware of this fact, and to come to an agreement with them on the amount of compensation
to be paid. There must be a limit on samples that the researcher may obtain and take off the Reservation, and
the approved list and amount of samples to be taken must be followed strictly.
8.3 A sworn notarized declaration of noncommercial use of research products and/or traditional and indigenous knowledge
is required in conjunction with an Academic Research Agreement. This declaration may be included in the body of
the Research Agreement.
8.4 If a research project receives approval by the Tribe, the approval remains in effect for the period of time
specified in the research agreement unless substantial changes are made in the research protocol. At the end of
the period approved for the research project, the researcher must submit a letter in writing which summarizes the
status of the project (complete, incomplete, discontinued), any unanticipated problems that occurred during the
data collection phase of the project, and a time schedule for completion of all work, including community education/outreach,
related to the project. If the project is incomplete, the researcher must also request in writing an additional
period for the data collection phase of the project.
SECTION 9. PERMITS.
9.1 The RRC shall develop standard application forms for Research Permit applicants and set forth the type of information
that must be submitted.
9.2 The RRC shall develop a standard permit form, which at a minimum shall include the name(s) of the researcher(s)
covered, name and/or brief description of the study approved, location(s) of research to be conducted, and effective
start and ending dates of the permit.
9.3 Upon execution of a Research Agreement, all persons conducting research on the Reservation shall obtain from
the Office of the Tribal Secretary a Research Permit in accordance with the terms of this Section.
9.4 An application form for a Research Permit may be obtained from the RRC or from the Office of the Tribal Secretary.
9.5 All persons covered by a Research Permit shall have such Permit in their possession at all times while conducting
research. The Research Permit must be produced for inspection or surrendered upon demand by authorized Tribal
9.6 A Research Permit issued under this Section may be suspended or revoked at any time by the Tribal Chairperson,
Tribal Council, or the RRC, if a permit holder is engaged in activities not allowed by the permit, fails to abide
by a permit term or condition, has committed fraud or misrepresentation or provided incorrect statements in the
application or permitting process, or is engaged in or has engaged in activities prohibited by this Act or any
other Tribal law or resolution.
9.7 A revocation or suspension of a permit issued pursuant to this Section is final and not subject to appeal.
SECTION 10. MODIFICATIONS OF AN APPROVED PROJECT.
10.1 If the researcher wishes to make substantial changes in his or her research project after receiving approval
from the Tribe, he or she must submit a summary of the proposed modifications to the RRC.
10.2 Modifications in the data collection procedures must be reviewed by the RRC and approved by the Tribal governing
body. Modifications to the research project shall not be implemented until the researcher and the RRC have amended
the research agreement and permits, and the researcher receives written approval from the RRC.
SECTION 11. REGULATION OF BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES
11.1 Any researcher who seeks to collect, acquire, or analyze any biological samples must agree and abide by the
following conditions with regard to research with biological materials.
11.2 The Tribe may, at any time, decide to withdraw from the research project or any portion thereof, and request
the return of all biological samples. The researcher, and any other parties, must comply.
11.3 Upon completion of the research project, or termination or cancellation of the project at any time prior to
completion, the biological samples must be completely and fully returned to the possession of the Tribe.
11.4 No biological samples from this study may be released to, or used by, any other researcher(s), research institution,
or any other entity, whether public or private, without the prior and fully-informed written approval of the Tribe.
11.5 If the Tribe permits any biological samples to be stored in any other locations, the researcher shall maintain
at all times a complete list thereof. The list shall include a description of the sample or data, source, specific
use or purpose of each item, responsible person(s) at the
location, and where the item is housed (e.g., in a "gene bank" or on a specific computer), and any relevant
time lines with regard to use of, disposition, return, or destruction of the samples or data. The researcher
shall provide an updated copy of the list to the Tribe whenever changes are made. The updated list shall include
identification of changes made since the last copy of the list was provided to the Tribe.
11.6 Any situation where biological samples will leave the possession or control of the researcher will require
a separate agreement between the Tribe and the external party in accordance with this Act.
11.7 No entity may seek to patent or commercialize any biological materials obtained from the Tribe, from the Tribe's
jurisdiction, or under the authority of the Tribe. This
includes genetic samples, any copies of the original genetic samples, any cell lines containing copies of the original
genetic samples, and data derived from these samples.
SECTION 12. RESERVATIONS AND TERMINATION.
12.1 The Tribe reserves the right to:
a) Withdraw consent to use or release information and/or prevent the publication of data which is unauthorized,
insensitive, misrepresents or stereotypes Tribal people or will harm the health, safety or welfare of the Tribe
or the Tribal environment.
b) Deny researchers the opportunity to conduct research in any Tribal community within Tribal jurisdiction. In
addition, other researchers or scientists from the same research institution may be denied any future access to
c) Withdraw approval for projects. Should this occur, the Tribe will explain the rationale for withdrawing approval
and explain why this project or the release of data is deemed to be harmful to individuals or the Tribal community
at large. In the case of withdrawal of approval by the Tribe, all information and copies of data must be returned
to the Tribe.
d) Exclude individuals from the Reservation
e) Seek injunctive relief, including an order restraining a person from continuing to enter onto the Reservation.
12.2 If a project is terminated, the research entity or individual must provide just compensation to any field
staff or member of the Tribe for their time and efforts spent related to the research project.
12.3 This ordinance does not apply to Tribal members or communities conducting research within their own community
for their own use, provided, however, that this ordinance shall apply if a Tribal member is conducting research
for, or is affiliated with, an outside institution.
SECTION 13. PROHIBITED CONDUCT.
13.1 No person shall conduct any academic research or cultural research without first obtaining approval by the
RRC pursuant to Section 7 of this ordinance;
13.2 No person shall conduct any academic research or cultural research without obtaining a fully executed research
agreement pursuant to Section 8 of this ordinance;
13.3 No person shall conduct any academic research or cultural research without maintaining in their possession
a permit issued pursuant to Section 9 of this ordinance;
13.4 No person shall collect, acquire, or analyze any biological samples without abiding by the provisions of Section
11 of this Ordinance;
13.5 No person shall alter, damage, disturb, excavate, removed, or desecrate and biodiversity related resources,
biogenetic resources, or traditional indigenous intellectual property on or of the Reservation or Tribe;
13.6 No person shall, while on the Reservation, conduct any visitation, inventory, collection, research, or filming
related to any biodiversity related resources, biogenetic resources, or traditional indigenous intellectual property,
or disturb any animals, vegetation, or landscapes of the Reservation or Tribe;
13.7 No person shall sell, purchase, exchange, transport, receive, or offer to sell, purchase, exchange, transport,
or possess any biodiversity related resources, biogenetic resources, biological samples, or traditional indigenous
intellectual property if such resource or property was obtained in violation of this Ordinance or any permits.
SECTION 14. PENALTIES.
14.1 CRIMINAL PENALTIES
Any person over whom the Tribe may assert criminal jurisdiction, who knowingly violates or counsels, solicits,
or employs any other person to violate any section of this ordinance, or any condition of limitation of a permit
issued under this ordinance, shall be guilty of a criminal offense. Each criminal offense shall be punishable
by restitution, community service, a fine not to exceed $10,000, imprisonment in the tribal jail for not more than
one year, or any combination of these penalties. Criminal offenders may also be subject to civil penalties and
damages set forth in this ordinance.
14.2 CIVIL PENALTIES
a) Any person who violates any section of this ordinance, or any permit issued under this ordinance, shall be assessed
a civil penalty not to exceed $10,000 per violation, or if applicable, any civil penalty provided for under Federal
b) No civil penalty shall be assessed unless such person is given notice and an opportunity for a hearing with
respect to such violation. Each violation shall be a separate offense. The trial of any such violation shall
be by the Tribal Court and the prosecution shall have the burden of proving the alleged violation by a preponderance
of the evidence.
c) Any person who violates this ordinance, or any permit issued under this ordinance, may lose the privilege of
doing business or conducting research on the ________ Reservation.
d) Any nonmember of the Tribe who violates this ordinance or any permit issued under this ordinance may be excluded
from the Reservation.
14.3 CIVIL DAMAGES
a) Assessment of Actual Damages: Any person who violates any section of this Ordinance or any permit issue under
this Ordinance shall be liable to the Tribe for civil damages to be assessed by the __________ Tribal Court after
a hearing. "Civil Damages" shall be interpreted liberally by the _______ Tribal Court to include, but
not be limited to, the following:
1. Cost of restoration and repair; and
2. Enforcement costs associated with the enforcement of this Ordinance; and
3. Costs associated with the culturally appropriate disposition of resources, including conservation, curation,
b) Assessment of Treble Damages: In addition to actual damages, the __________ Tribal Court, in its discretion,
may assess damages of up to three times the amount of actual damages.
a) All objects or property in the possession of any person, and obtained in violation of this Ordinance or in violation
of a term or condition of a permit obtained thereunder, shall be seized by law enforcement agents and forfeited
to the Tribe for disposition.
b) A person may recover all such property incapacitated by paying to the Tribe the costs incurred by the Tribe
in carrying out legal proceedings, and by paying all fines due for violations of Tribal law.
14.5 SEIZURE OF SECURITY
The citing law enforcement agent shall:
a) Seize such property in the possession of the alleged perpetrator, including vehicles, or equipment involved
in the violation, as the enforcement program or agent deems reasonably necessary to secure payment of any fine
or civil damages which may be levied upon the defendant upon conviction of the infraction or crime.
b) The property seized shall be released to the owner upon timely payment of any related civil assessments.
c) Any seized property shall be forfeited to the _________ Tribe if the assessment has not been paid within 15
days of the hearing at which the civil assessment was levied or 15 days from the final determination of any appeal
taken pursuant to this Ordinance, whichever is later.
SECTION 15. PERSONAL JURISDICTION.
15.1 As to a cause of action arising under this ordinance, a court may exercise jurisdiction over a non-domiciliary
on any basis consistent with and on the broadest basis permissible under the Constitutions of the United States
and the _______ Tribe.
SECTION 16. SEVERABILITY.
16.1 If any provision of this ordinance or the application thereof to any person, court, or circumstance is held
invalid by a Tribal Court or another court having competent jurisdiction, the invalidity shall not affect other
provisions of this ordinance which can be given effect without the invalid provision or application and to this
end, the provisions of this ordinance are severable.
SECTION 17. REPEAL OF CONFLICTING LAWS OR REGULATIONS
17.1 Any ordinance, resolution, act, or rules and regulations in conflict with the provisions of this Ordinance
shall be superceded and repealed to the extent of such conflict.
SECTION 18. WAIVER
18.1 No individual person, Tribal official, or Tribal employee is authorized to waive any part of this Ordinance.
SECTION 19. SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY
19.1 The Tribe and all its constituent parts, subordinate organizations, boards, committees, including the RRC,
are immune from suit in any jurisdiction except to the extent that such immunity has been expressly and unequivocally
waived by the Tribe.
SECTION 20. AMENDMENTS
20.1 This Ordinance may be amended following public hearings by Resolution by the ________ Tribal Council in accordance
with the ____________ Constitution.
SECTION 21. EFFECTIVE DATE.
21.1 This Act is effective upon the date of passage by the ________ Tribal Council.
Back to Policy Index | <urn:uuid:c0effa39-2c32-450f-a459-9e7959d9e1a2> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.ipcb.org/publications/policy/files/irpa.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988722951.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183842-00211-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.900141 | 8,376 | 2.25 | 2 |
24 July 2012
24 July 2012 – The Leopard of North Yorkshire
|Leopard Moth (Zeuzera pyrina)|
After clearing out all the Caddis flies and midges, we made some great discoveries: five new species! Current Count: 218.
The Leopard Moth (Zeuzera pyrina) was resting on the sheet nearby the trap. This is typical of its behavior as it’s a nocturnal moth but can often be found out in the open during the daytime. It doesn’t seem very safe for such a conspicuously colored moth. Zuezera is a misspelling for ‘zanzara’ (Italian for gnat) in respect of its larva’s bite. The larvae mine into the wood of living trees, an impressive feat for such small mouths. Pyrina(pear) is one of the types of trees that the larvae eat.
|White Satin Moth (Leucoma salicis)|
The White Satin Moth (Leucoma salicis) was strikingly white and had a furry head. With its clean and soft appearance, it could be the poster child for luxurious living… if only such establishments were more welcoming of insects. Leucoma means ‘white hair’ and salicis comes from Salix, the larvae’s foodplant.
We were thankful to find the Agapeta zoegana because we prematurely released one earlier in the week, thinking it was just the Agapeta hamana with a more saturated yellow coloring. Agapeta (beloved or desirable) comes from its attractive appearance. Zoegana is derived from J. Zoega, a Swiss entomologist who trapped the moth while he was staying at Carl Linnaeus’ residence. Linnaeus, as you may know, was an eighteenth century scientist responsible for the binomial nomenclature system. Some people have all the connections!
Next we found the Aspilapteryx tringipennella. Patrick pointed this micro-moth out to me, because I’d overlooked it. Aspilapteryx means ‘spotted wing’ and tringipennella means ‘Tringa wing’ for the wing of the sandpiper bird’s genus which it was thought to resemble.
|Red-barred Tortrix (Ditula angustiorana)|
Finally, we come to the Red-barred Tortrix (Ditula angustiorana). It only stayed for a moment, so the photograph is not the best quality. Ditulos means ‘with two humps’ because of the two sections made by the crest marking on its thorax. Angustior means ‘more narrow’ because it is narrow in comparison to similar species.
There were a few other beautiful moths this morning. They were not new, but I couldn’t resist posting their photographs. The Mother of Pearl looked like a macro-moth but it is actually classified as a micro. The Lesser Broad-bordered Yellow Underwing has a green head, yellow underwings, and a pinkish underside. Its incredibly colorful for a moth that just looks dark black at first glance.
|Mother of Pearl (Pleuroptya ruralis)|
|Lesser Broad-bordered Yellow Underwing (Noctua janthe)|
-Post by Helen Levins
*may be Metzneria metzneriella – Jane Wu | <urn:uuid:0920a13e-5815-44ba-9e7d-8a78fb70a88f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.laurencesternetrust.org.uk/moth/24-july-2012-the-leopard-of-north-yorkshire/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571987.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813202507-20220813232507-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.953966 | 762 | 3.03125 | 3 |
I find that the majority of dentists under utilize e-services. For the most part I believe this is simply because they are not aware of the service and how easy it is to use. As a general rule an e-service is online, uses digital information and is automatic. That is once you set up the service it runs automatically by itself, no humans involved.
This is possible because the service uses digital information. We gather this digital information as a byproduct of doing business with a computer. For example; the patient’s name, their insurance carrier and there next appointment. Once this is gathered in a digital format it is accessible to a computer and can be used automatically with no additional involvement of a human being.
A good example is the Dentrix eligibility checker which is part of the Insurane Manager linked below. In the recent past and sadly the here and now in many offices checking on a patient’s insurance coverage and eligibility started with a phone call to an 800 number. After negotiating a press one for this and two for that maze the caller settled in to a long wait listening to on hold muzak. After twenty to thirty minutes a human from the insurance provider finally talked to the human in your office, some information was exchanged scribbled onto a chart then typed into the insurance record.
The same thing can be done as an e-service. Your office computer has the digital information. That is a patient name, an appointment date, a scheduled treatment, the insurer and plan number. The e-service extracts the pertinent information from your local computer, contacts the appropriate insurance computer through the Internet and extracts the pertinent data from the insurance computer. That is; is this patient covered for this treatment and what is the coverage?
The e-service will then go back to your local office computer and download the information sometimes even going so far as to insert the data in the proper charts and appointments. So every day you can look ahead to the next day and know who and what is covered with no staff time, 800 numbers or muzak.
And you can do it all for a small monthly fee that is usually less than two hours of staff time. You just need to do two things to make this possible. Gather digital data and sign up for the service.
The Insurance Manager can automatically collect insurance eligibilities in advance of an entire day’s worth of appointments. | <urn:uuid:d0f8a6f1-4860-4032-be14-802cd22f8cf6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://emmottontechnology.com/management/e-service-eligibility/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00362-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.937044 | 491 | 1.851563 | 2 |
The first time the British golf course designer Mackenzie Ross visited Gran Canaria, he was taken aback by the island's unique landscapes and climate. He was utterly convinced that this would be the perfect site for Spain's first golf course. Bandama, an imposing feature on the Gran Canarian landscape (sitting over the ancient volcanic crater of the same name), allows visitors to experience and enjoy nature first-hand. Bandama is ideally positioned for visiting the numerous tourist attractions that Gran Canaria has to offer. Ranging from the sand dunes of Maspaloma to the Tamadaba pine forest, taking in the Roque Nublo monolith and the island s summit on the way, visitors will truly marvel at this miniature continent, which includes one of Spain s major cities, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria.0209 FG
The VIK Hotel Bandama Golf is located at a height of 400 meters in a protected area, the Natural Monument of Bandama: a place where the lush green of the native vegetation seems to melt into the blue of the sky. VIK Hotel Bandama Golf is 15 km away from Las Palmas de Gran Canaria surrounded by beautiful gardens full of native plats, it is just 10 meters from the 1st tee. Just 20 minutes away from Las Palmas de Gran Canaria and 25 minutes from the airport. This hotel in Gran Canaria is the perfect place to relax playing golf.
Medium in size. | <urn:uuid:54d024fa-ecc6-4b0f-9ab0-7004e3efb0ff> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.flyin.com/property/spain/gran-canaria/vik-hotel-bandama-golf.en.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281151.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00107-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.925956 | 296 | 1.585938 | 2 |
In order to have a vibrant recovery in housing you must have a confident consumer that is employed, with stable to growing income, decent disposable income, and reasonable costs of necessities. We have none of those at this time.
The heavy price of central government is beginning to take a toll on all sectors of the economy, especially the largest pool of potential home buyers, the middle class.
Let’s start with jobs. Since April a paltry 155,000 jobs have been added per month, barely more than the 591,000 people who left the workforce in August alone, not enough jobs to meet population growth or put a dent in the perpetually high unemployment rate since the end of the Great Recession fifty-one months ago.
The biggest killer of jobs is unfolding with the implementation of Obamacare. HHS released initial insurance premium costs this week for the vaunted health care exchanges. It was more spin than fact putting the best case scenario forward.
Although rosy sounding prices were quoted that does not belie the fact that people are now mandated to purchase insurance that must comply with the ACA or be fined. Millions of these people who ironically have been reduced to part time work due to the law itself won’t be able to afford the insurance and those who can will receive a hit to their disposable income.
In a nutshell Obamacare harms the economy in more ways than just job creation. The uncertainty remains for millions who still don’t know what their costs will be, but we do know those costs are rising.
The Census figures for 2012 were released and household income adjusting for inflation is now back to levels last seen in 1989. The workforce participation rate fell to levels last seen in 1978. The 90.5 million working age adults out of the workforce is a record.
Consumer confidence fell to 79.7 in September following declines in both the Consumer Sentiment Index and the Gallup confidence poll. All are trending down with future expectations pointed down.
Interest rates retreated when the Federal Reserve decided to continue its bond buying program, however It doesn’t matter what interest rates are when there is no job creation, incomes are falling, and the consumer has lost confidence. All Bernanke did was add fuel to the inflationary pile of the trillions he has injected into the economy. It will catch fire one day.
Families disposable incomes are not only under attack from Obamacare, the EPA has joined in the onslaught. The new rules on carbon emissions for new coal fired power plants effectively puts coal on the road to elimination. Rules for existing plants are to follow.
The economic impact is unknown, costs unknown just as Obamacare, however there is no doubt the cost for electricity in the coming years will, as candidate Obama predicted ‘necessarily skyrocket’. This will increase costs across the entire economic spectrum from industry, to business, to households.
The Case Schiller home price report came out this past week and was up over 12% again but this is not the good news as it appears. Schiller is concerned we have entered a price bubble, the rate of price increase has surpassed that of the last housing bubble, and hedge funds that entered the buy to rent market are slowing their purchases, or starting to liquidate inventory.
New home sales were reported up 7.9% in August from July at 421,000, but that is anemic at best. Around 700,000 is considered healthy. The median sale price of a new home declined to $254,600 from $257,200 but remains at near record highs.
The cost to meet new EPA green building mandates and OSHA safety standards have raised the price of a new home by around 8% to 12% dependent upon location. This has placed home builders at a severe competitive disadvantage with existing homes.
The grand scheme for nationalizing health care, environmental extremist laws, artificially manipulating interest rates and money supply have all failed miserably except for the 1%. That doesn’t help the housing market much because they are after all, just 1%.
All too predictable. Big government smothers the private sector and dims the light of hope for the American family. Sad, avoidable, and unacceptable. Elections do have consequences.
The opinions expressed here are solely those of Fritz Pfister or identified sources, and not necessarily those of RE/MAX Professionals of Springfield or RE/MAX International | <urn:uuid:db067190-b7fc-492e-b633-adb38bc010d2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://townhall.com/columnists/fritzpfister/2013/09/27/economic-fundamentals-dont-add-up-to-a-housing-recovery-n1710945 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00494-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965236 | 887 | 1.703125 | 2 |
TBR Reports on William Bass’ Pale Ale
File Date: 2.9.14
File Name: Titanic size snow piles.
The Beer: Bass Pale Ale
Type: English Pale Ale
Stats: 5.0% ABV
Brewer: Bass Brewers Ltd.
Web Site: www.bass.com
State/Country of Origin: United Kingdom (England)
Brewer Brand Hype: Bass is a full-flavored English-style ale that is still brewed according to its original
Brewer Info: The Bass Brewery was founded in 1777 by William Bass in Burton upon Trent,
England. The main brand was Bass Pale Ale, once the highest selling beer in the UK. By 1877,
Bass had become the largest brewery in the world, with an annual output of one million barrels.
Its pale ale was exported throughout the British Empire, and the company’s distinctive red triangle
became the UK’s first registered trademark.
recipe. Select malts, aromatic hops and water rich in essential salts and minerals combine to give Bass its
slight burnt roast aroma and high-quality, full-bodied flavor. The original English Pale Ale and England’s
first trademark, Bass has been embraced by trail-blazers since 1777. The brand has been painted by Manet,
fought over by Napoleon and was served on the Titanic.
Label: The World’s Finest Pale Ale. Iconography – As Bass Pale Ale’s popularity grew, unscrupulous imitators
tried to pass off inferior products as Bass by copying the unique red triangle logo. In 1875, concerned for
the reputation of their beloved brew, Bass brewers applied for and were granted England’s first registered
trademark. This fine pale ale has been brewed in the great British tradition using the finest two-row
The Brewski Review: Served on the Titanic? Interesting. I think I have a snowpile as big as the iceberg that
sank the Titanic sitting next to my driveway. I believe my patience with winter has reached a high point –
I’ve had enough. It’s snowing every couple of days and I’ve officially run out of places to throw it.
This winter has been brutal. If it’s not snowing it’s subzero weather. I’ve had to replace a battery in one car,
my pickup truck won’t start (it also needs a new battery) and my Explorer has a leaking power steering pump
(or hose): the fluid drains out within a couple of hours. So, I’ve not been a happy camper this bitterly
cold season. Not even a good beer makes me feel better these days. This beer comes close. It’s a wonderful
tasting pale ale in my humble opinion. It pours as a amber/copper color and has a quick dissipating head that
leaves just a trace of lace on the glass. There is a nice mild, almost sweet taste that is smooth on the way
down and leaves no bitter aftertaste. Just the way I like it.
Drinkability: Will definitely drink again.
Appearance: Light amber/copper color.
The Buds: Nice and smooth.
TBR Cap Rating: 4.5 out of 5 caps. | <urn:uuid:15690d1a-e154-480d-9004-61693026eba5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.thebrewskireport.com/tag/snow/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00253-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947177 | 706 | 1.679688 | 2 |
In an age of flat supply, the function of the oil market is to kill discretionary demand...
SPRING 2011. Libyan oil production — over 1 million barrels a day (mpd) — is suddenly taken offline. And the world receives its first real-time test of the global pricing system for oil since the crash lows of 2009, writes Gregor Macdonald.
Oil prices, already at the $85 level for WTIC, bolted above $100, and eventually hit a high near $115 over the following two months.
More importantly, however, is that — save for a brief eight week period in the autumn — oil prices have stubbornly remained over the $85 pre-Libya level ever since. Even as the debt crisis in Europe has flared.
As usual, the mainstream view on the world's ability to make up for the loss has been wrong. How could the removal of "only" 1.3% of total global production affect the oil price in any prolonged way?, was the universal view of "experts."
Answering that question requires that we modernize, effectively, our understanding of how oil's numerous price discovery mechanisms now operate. The past decade has seen a number of enormous shifts, not only in supply and demand, but in market perceptions about spare capacity. All these were very much at play last year.
And, they are at play right now as oil prices rise once again as the global economy tries to strengthen.
Through the dominant force of its own demand, the US economy largely controlled the oil price for many decades. For years, it was common practice therefore to gauge world demand through the weekly updates to oil storage at Cushing, Oklahoma as well as total oil storage in the United States. If the US was demanding more oil from the global market, and thus either not adding to oil inventories or drawing them down, then a signal was given, pointing to future oil price strength.
But this dynamic began to break down coming into 2005-2007. That was the period when US oil demand — because of rising prices — began its current decline. Now that US oil demand is down over 12% from its mid-decade peak, the fluctuation of oil inventories in the US no longer drive prices.
The chart below shows that US inventories have been on an upward trend since 2005, and are now near decadal highs above 300 million barrels even though oil prices are back above $100:
What we're now seeing is that US inventories and US demand are now subordinate to numerous other factors, ranging from emerging market demand, to market perception of spare capacity.
A useful fact learned during last year's Libyan civil war is that Saudi Arabia does not necessarily possess the 2-3 mbpd of spare capacity which most have assumed for years. Moreover, Saudi Arabia ceded the position of top world oil producer to Russia over 5 years ago in 2006. Indeed, Saudi Arabia made no production response to the loss of Libyan oil last spring. Producing near 9 mbpd, it was only by June that Saudi production was lifted by 600 thousand barrels a day (kbpd). That is a hefty production increase to be sure, but it raised questions as to how quickly spare capacity in the world can be brought online.
By the time Saudi Arabia had lifted production, the OECD countries led by the IEA in Paris had already decided to release oil from official inventories. But this, too, did little to calm oil prices — and as I pointed out last June, only created further problems. In The Dark Side of the OECD Oil Inventory Release, I explained that, by lowering OECD inventories, the market would correctly deduce that safety buffers had been reduced further. Combined with the Saudi increase in production, this only reduced spare capacity further.
The result was even stronger prices as WTIC ran back to $100 (until all global markets floundered on a flare-up in the EU financial crisis). Indeed, it is no longer US inventories of crude oil but the fluctuations in the emergency cushion of all inventories in the OECD (of which the US is part) that is now the more important factor in oil prices:
The loss of Libyan production caused a dramatic drawdown of OECD total oil stocks, which were already in a downward trend starting the previous summer in 2010. OECD inventories fell on both an absolute basis and on a comparative basis to the trailing 5 Year Average as the above chart shows. Taking these inventories from a high of 2800 mb to 2600 mb only 6 months later, combined with unrest across the entire Middle East, was more than enough support to boost WTIC oil prices from $85 to above $100 last spring. Additionally, as we can see in the chart, the decline in OECD oil inventories was maintained into the end of 2011.
These are important conditions to consider when trying to understand how oil prices now, in early 2012, are once again on the rise.
The latest global production data shows that Saudi Arabia was producing 9.4 mbpd on average during 2011, an increase of 500 kbpd over 2010. To accomplish this, The Saudis had to increase production from 9 mbpd in 1H 2011 to 9.8 mbpd during 2H of 2011. But paradoxically, this production increase has only made the global oil market even tighter, as spare capacity shrinks further.
Let's recall that nearly 60% of global oil supply comes from outside of OPEC from countries like the US, Canada, Brazil, Mexico, China, Australia, and the big producer—Russia. There is no spare capacity in this non-OPEC grouping and there hasn't been for years. Sure, there is oil to be developed in non-OPEC countries; but that is not production capacity (meaning it is not supply that can be brought online quickly).
Moreover, Russia, the country that single-handedly saved non-OPEC production from going into steep decline, massively increased its contribution to world supply in 2002. But in the past two years, it has seen its production growth taper off and flatten, to just shy of 10 mbpd.
That leaves the oil market, tasked with the job of pricing, to figure out the ongoing mystery that is the "true" spare production capacity in OPEC. That it took 4-5 months for Saudi Arabia to increase production is a concern. Such delays should seriously give pause to those analysts who've regurgitated the belief over years that Saudi has 2-3 mbpd that can be brought on quickly.
Although EIA Washington currently judges OPEC spare capacity to be higher than during the lows of 2003-2008, its historic figures show that spare capacity has been declining since a 2009 high.
Moreover, the failure of non-OPEC production to increase within last decade counts as a true surprise to the global oil market. The faith in non-OPEC supply over the last decade helped to keep prices subdued, until that faith was shattered by 2007?s wild spike.
The problem now is that the oil market has been re-educated. Faith in the non-OPEC countries' ability to increase supply is no more. Meanwhile, the great deceleration in Russian oil supply growth, has spooked the market. Combined, a market with 74 mbpd of production and a theoretical spare capacity of 3 mbpd simply creates too much uncertainty.
And consider this: the amount of total spare capacity is now equal to the 3 mbpd of demand that's been taken offline in Europe, Japan, and the United States over the past 7 years, as oil prices have risen from $40 to the $100 level. Thus the oil market has quite correctly rationed supply, at higher prices. If prices were to fall to $50 or $60, the world's lost demand could be rebuilt rather quickly.
Killing discretionary demand is now the proper function of the oil market in an age of flat supply growth.
We should also remember that the global economy would be mired in a textbook deflationary depression were it not for the continual and gargantuan US$ trillions that have been provided by central banks since 2008.
Early 2009 saw oil prices slip briefly below $40. But, of course, that's the price level appropriate to a world during an industrial crash — with reduced shipping, halted economies, and dislocated consumer demand. The world can have those prices again, if it chooses. But it must also be willing to accept a global recession to achieve such low oil prices.
Thus, there is a misconception that currency debasement is the main driver of oil prices. However, given the new supply realities, that simply isn't true any longer.
The chart below is helpful in explaining why. There is no question that coming out of 2000, the decline of the US Dollar as expressed by the USD Index was a true component of the rising oil price. During that period, as the USD was falling, global oil supply was still increasing. The descent of the US Dollar was unquestionably part of the repricing process, as the USD Index fell from a high of 120.00 in 2002 to 80.00 in 2005:
But see how the most ferocious part of oil's price advance started to unfold after 2005, when, as the USD continued falling, the global supply of oil stopped growing.
If we think of this comprehensively, we have to conclude that the debasement of currencies is no longer the primary factor in the price of oil on a valuation basis. Rather, it is that quantitative easing prevents a deflationary industrial collapse, thus keeping the global economy alive and able to consume more energy.
We can therefore say that in our post-credit bubble collapse era, and with global oil supply now flat, that quantitative easing Granger causes higher oil prices. It keeps economies from collapsing (for now) and thus brings demand up against very tight supply. As we can see from the chart above, the USD Index has for three years now been bouncing off the bottom it first reached in 2008. In a way, this is helpful because it brings to light the new dominant factor in global oil prices: supply.
Supply, and the recognition of supply, are now the dominant factor in the oil price. A point so obvious, it hardly seems worth making. However, the developed world is still largely operating on the classical economic view that higher prices will make new oil resources available.
That is true. But, it's just not true in the way most anticipate.
While higher prices have brought on new supply, these resources have been slow to develop, are more difficult to extract, and generally flow at lower rates of production. As the older oil fields of the world decline, the price of oil must reflect the economics of this new tranche of oil resources. There are no vast, new supplies of oil that will come online in 2013, 2014, and 2015 at the scale to negate existing global declines.
During the entire time that global oil supply has been held at a ceiling of 74 mbpd, since 2005, a lot of new production in the Americas and Africa especially has come online. But it has not not enough to increase total world supply. And the price of oil has finally started to price in that new reality.
The pricing dynamic discussed above is accentuated by the crisis cycle: the repetitive oscillation between acute and chronic phases of the ongoing debt crisis, mitigated by central bank reflationary policies.
Generally, it appears that the oil price is making its move too early in the year — which will likely serve as a sucker punch to the fragile world economy — thus making spectacularly high prices before year end less likely, and a sharp market correction and return to economic recession more so.
Investors will be wise to take prudent precautions before this nasty wake-up call arrives.
Looking to make a Gold Investment? Find out how BullionVault can save you money... | <urn:uuid:597a0ac7-e1cb-4d64-9745-32d63e9017cc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bullionvault.com/gold-news/oil-prices-031920128 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.968286 | 2,438 | 2.1875 | 2 |
At Breast Cancer Now we’re steered by our world-class research. By funding over 360 of the brightest minds in breast cancer research across the UK and Ireland, we’re discovering how we can prevent breast cancer, save lives and live well with the disease. Giving us the power to drive forward progress on a global stage.
Find out more about our research and how it could change the future.
Knowledge is hope
Every day spent researching breast cancer is an opportunity to find new ways to prevent, diagnose, treat and help people to live well with the disease. We all rely on the hope that our research brings; hope that there can be a better future for people diagnosed with breast cancer. | <urn:uuid:7471e7cd-4a04-4304-8f7e-64ec8c693adc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://breastcancernow.org/breast-cancer-research | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.926286 | 144 | 1.992188 | 2 |
1. When I ask a question and don’t get a prompt response, I:
a. Ask the question again.
b. Ignore the question and move on.
c. Ask a different question.
d. Wait 10 seconds for an answer.
2. I make eye contact with speakers:
a. When I want them to realize
b. All the time.
c. To intimidate them.
d. Sometimes; I don’t really know.
3. When I don’t understand something, I’ll:
a. Keep quiet and try to understand it
b. Politely ask, “Can you rephrase that?”
c. Nod as if I understand.
d. Disregard it.
4. When I start to get bored with a speaker, I’ll:
a. Tune out while pretending to listen.
b. Interrupt to steer the conversation on a more lively path.
c. Prompt him to wrap up by summarizing his remarks or asking for a
d. Paraphrase what I hear to be polite.
5. You can tell I’m listening well if:
a. I’m nodding or smiling.
b. I prompt a speaker often (examples: “Go on” or “You don’t say”).
c. I keep quiet.
d. I align myself physically with the speaker.
Correct answers: 1. d; 2. b; 3. b; 4. c; 5. d. | <urn:uuid:4c43f7d6-dce6-4327-a114-cd2fd0f981fc> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.businessmanagementdaily.com/25831/a-listening-test | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719843.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00291-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.831804 | 333 | 2.3125 | 2 |
Creating Autonomous Vehicles and Travel Advisors That Are Risk-Aware
Brian C. Williams, PhD
Bisplinghoff Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
From flying taxis to delivery robots to micromobility—think shared bikes and scooters—transportation is evolving fast. How people and goods move will look starkly different in just a few years. American ingenuity is once again transforming how we travel and how we connect commerce. Our New Mobility Future will explore the promise and pitfalls of our new mobility future—and to discuss how we’re going to get there.
Brian C. Williams, PhD: Bisplinghoff Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, delivered a talk as part of Our New Mobility Future on Thursday, June 13, 2019, at 12 p.m. (ET).
About the Speaker
Brian Williams, PhD, is the Bisplinghoff Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he directs the Model-based Embedded and Robotic Systems group. He is also a member of the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab and a Visiting Researcher at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute. At NASA Ames he formed the Autonomous Systems area, co-invented the Remote Agent autonomous control system, and co-led the flight demonstration of the Livingstone fault management and Remote Agent systems on NASA’s Deep Space One Asteroid/Comet flyby mission. He was a member of the Tom Young Blue-Ribbon Team in 2000, assessing future Mars missions in light of the Mars Climate Orbiter and Polar Lander incidents, and a member of the Advisory Council of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory at Caltech. He also served as President of the Executive Council of the International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling and as an Executive Councilor for the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence.
Williams' research concentrates on model-based autonomy—the creation of long-lived autonomous systems that are able to explore, command, diagnose and repair themselves using fast, online reasoning. Deployments include deep sea and deep space explorers, risk-aware autonomous cars, manufacturing robots, connected sustainable homes and network security. Current research focuses on risk-aware systems, whose actions are guaranteed to operate within user specified risk bounds, model-based programming languages for guiding autonomous systems in terms of goals, and multi-robot and human / robot collaboration, including dialogue-based systems that enable humans and robots to refine goals and cooperate on tasks. | <urn:uuid:ee7d4fe1-5c50-4530-9937-fe310058f045> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.volpe.dot.gov/event/brian-williams-new-mobility | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00070.warc.gz | en | 0.917656 | 529 | 2.1875 | 2 |
A preposition shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and another noun or pronoun. In the following examples, the italicized words are prepositions and the underlined words are objects of the prepositions.
When the object is a pronoun, remember that the pronoun should be in the objective case.
Prepositions aren't as obvious as nouns and verbs, so they are not always easy to recognize. Look for a word that establishes a relationship with another word. For example, in the previous phrases, how is cat related to fence? The cat is under the fence. How is Everyone related to the girl? The girl is left out of the group Everyone. How is girl related to dress? She is in it. Table 1 shows several words commonly used as prepositions.
Some prepositions, called compound prepositions, are made up of more than one word, such as according to, because of, in front of, instead of, in spite of, and next to.
Confusing use of prepositions
The unnecessary use of prepositions is a common error. Be careful not to use a preposition where it isn't needed.
Also, don't use two prepositions when you need only one.
Ending a sentence with a preposition can cause problems. The rule that a sentence should never end with a preposition is no longer strictly enforced. Still, many writers avoid ending sentences with prepositions. If you feel ending with a preposition makes a sentence sound more natural, do so and don't worry about it. | <urn:uuid:f35f9ccb-cd47-4001-8cfe-1fd98a05fda8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/english/connecting-words-and-phrases/prepositions | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.957912 | 331 | 4.0625 | 4 |
I'll introduce the Cheeger inequality, a fundamental theoretical result
relating the spectrum of a graph to the cost of various quotient cuts.
Then I'll quickly introduce a few worst case examples and use similar
technology to explain the behavior of spectral image segmentation
algorithms. Finally, I'll introduce a family of partitioning methods,
spectral rounding, and apply them to image segmentation tasks. Spectral
rounding produces edge separators of a graph by iteratively reweighting
the edges until the graph disconnects into the prescribed number of
components. By directly producing discrete solutions we avoid the use
of heuristic geometric separators (e.g. k-means) in obtaining the cut.
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Pradeep Ravikumar Last modified: Mon Dec 4 10:15:44 EST 2006 | <urn:uuid:269e72ee-d930-4da2-98b4-ddb1a5b3c0a8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.cs.cmu.edu/Groups/reinforcement/mosaic/talks-2006-fall/2006-12-04.dave.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.835958 | 187 | 2.125 | 2 |
Sovereignty, Allegiance And Secession: An Essay On The Constitution And Government Of The United States, by William Hunter
If this book is not particularly famous, it certainly presents an astonishing perspective from a writer of the time who is well worth reading and thinking about to this day. Published in 1868, during the Reconstruction, the author was a judge in the criminal court system of Tennessee at the time based in Memphis. To some extent, the level of disagreement during the period of the Reconstruction between those who held to early versions of the Lost Cause myth and those who maintained the proper and Lincolnian view of constitutional theory has been muted but this book provides a somewhat short (roughly 50 pages or so) account of the contradictions between the Southern Confederate approach and the proper American nationalist approach in a way that powerfully condemns the views of secession and supposed “state’s rights” as being contradictory to the allegiance that has always been owed by American citizens to the national government regardless of the identity of those who have been in the office of president, something contemporary readers would do well to remember.
This particular short essay has two parts. The essay begins with an introduction that posits that the spirit of Secession is entirely contrary to the principles of American Republicanism, precisely what was argued in Lincoln’s inaugural, for example. The first part of the book discusses the relationship of sovereignty and secession, pointing out that from the very beginning of the American Republic during the Revolutionary War that the federal government had sovereignty even under the Articles of Confederation with perpetuity and there was no intent on the part of the states even under that weak government to argue that they were sovereign except with regards to reserved local powers and not including those matters where the states were forbidden to act as free agents with regards to military and diplomatic matters . The second part of the book then discusses the question of the allegiance that was (and is) owed to the national government and the way that secession contradicted this allegiance and demonstrated secessionists to be traitors and oathbreakers, something that is often forgotten when people try to behave as if Confederate leaders were loyal and honorable men when they betrayed the oaths they had made to the government of the United States by making contradictory oaths in rebellion.
As is frequently the case, this is a book that is not only intensely relevant as a look at sound constitutional thinking in the period just after the Civil War in a way that demonstrated that not everyone was snowed by the self-justifications of former rebels and traitors that sought to regain their elite status within the United States after their effort to rebel and separate from the United States failed spectacularly, but also for nowadays. After all, we still live in an age where those states whose corrupt political leadership is hostile to legitimate national government leaders and principles seeks to form their own confederations as a way of preserving their local power and avoid having to follow the example set by a national government whom they hold in contempt. And if the horrors of the Civil War have not convinced these states that this is a dangerous policy to follow, it will perhaps be necessary for a virtuous government to repeat the remedy of warfare in defense of American unity against those who would ruin a nation that they were not able to rule. Let us hope it will not have to happen, but prepare for it all the same in rhetoric as well as in more concrete preparations.
See, for example: | <urn:uuid:c694a6ea-bcc4-4d27-a176-93f70b1c7e0e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://edgeinducedcohesion.blog/2020/04/27/book-review-sovereignty-allegiance-and-secession/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571502.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811194507-20220811224507-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.976361 | 694 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Because of A School for Unusual Girls, which is set in the Regency era, I finally found out what the Regency era in the United Kingdom is. The Regency is the period from 1811 to 1820, when King George III was deemed unfit to rule, and his son ruled as his proxy instead. (Thanks, Wikipedia!) However, aside from causing me to learn a historical term, A School for Unusual Girls evoked no emotions. What could’ve turned out as an enjoyable, smart, and slick piece of historical fiction turned out to be far-fetched, unrelentingly cheesy work closer to a pointless romance than to a marvelous adventure.
In 1814, Napoleon has been exiled on Elba, and Europe–Britain especially–is in shambles. And Stranje House, a School for Unusual Girls, has become one of Regency England’s dark little secrets. After all, girls who don’t fit high society’s constrictive mold are banished to Stranje House to be reformed into marriageable young ladies. At least, that is what the girls’ parents are told. In truth, Headmistress Emma Stranje has plans for the young ladies. Miss Georgiana Fitzwilliam is one such young lady. Having no intention to be turned into a marriageable miss, she plans to escape. That is, until she meets Lord Sebastian Wyatt. Thrust together in a desperate mission to invent a new invisible ink for the English war effort, Georgie and Sebastian must find a way to work together without losing their heads or their hearts.
Like countless other young adult books, A School for Unusual Girls ends up being exactly what it tries not to be, a simpering romance. Though A School for Unusual Girls masquerades as a feminist historical masterpiece, the incredibly instant insta-love, the lack of historical accuracy, and the ridiculously far-fetched behaviors of the characters reveal the truth that A School for Unusual Girls falls short of what the novel could or should be. For instance, Georgiana’s remarkable chemistry ability is more of a plot device gifted by the author rather than a believable advancement of the novel.
As for Georgiana herself, she’s simply not a compelling character. Her immature personality reeks of an author who doesn’t quite understand how to portray sixteen year-olds. Most teenagers–even ones from the Regency era–don’t pride themselves on being smart but then act clueless and naive the rest of the time. Though it’s been a few months since I read the book, I’m still peeved at Georgiana and her “I hate my red hair” attitude. Anne Shirley might have had that mindset at age twelve, but that doesn’t mean that a sixteen year-old would think about it for half a novel.
Usually when I write an unfavorable review, I’m also able to find a redeeming quality, but in the case of A School for Unusual Girls, I can’t find a thing. There are better novels to read, but feel free to spend your time with Georgiana and her red hair if you wish.
Rating: 3 out of 10
Publisher: Tor Teen (May 19th, 2015)
Length: 352 pages (Hardcover)
ISBN #: 9780765376008 | <urn:uuid:5b0dd37d-7617-4935-8039-602921a986c2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://theyoungfolks.com/review/book-review-a-school-for-unusual-girls-by-kathleen-baldwin/62600 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00299-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945601 | 701 | 2.125 | 2 |
Browser fingerprinting was first identified by Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) in 2010. Most people may not know what browser fingerprinting is. To describe what browser fingerprinting is in a single line, it is a technique that collects information about your computer when you connect your device online. Whenever you connect from any of your devices can be anything such as computers, mobiles, and tablets online; your device’s information is shared with the target server to identify your device. The primary use of browser fingerprinting is for identification. In the upcoming block, we will discuss browser fingerprinting in detail and why you should take measures against it.
Browser fingerprinting is a process of tracking your online transactions for identification. Browser fingerprinting uses algorithms such as the Rabin fingerprint algorithm to convert a large computer file into a short string of characters. When you connect your devices online, your browser will take information from requests and serve them to the target server about the website you visit.
There is a saying, “Everything is marketing, and marketing is everything.” If you have a revolutionary product or service without an effective advertisement online, it is impossible to deliver it to the target market. Organizations want to know your interest and devise an iron-clad strategy to improve their product or service. What is a better way to collect your online information?
This is where fingerprinting comes into the picture. Especially, browser fingerprinting is information specifically collected with your browser’s help whenever you connect online. Browser fingerprinting gathers information such as your browser details, versions, type, what kind of operating system (OS) you currently use, your local timezone, the plugins you add to your browser, and language. It mainly checks whether you are using any adblockers on your browser or not and sometimes minute details such as your computer specifications.
Browser fingerprinting gives enough information about your device and settings so that the target website can identify you with an accuracy of 90 to 99%. You might think it is impossible to locate a single person among millions of active people online. But there is a good chance that someone on the internet has 100% fingerprint as you, meaning that another user has the same browser configuration as you.
Most of this data helps to create a personalized experience for you. For example, you may wonder how you saw a product in a specific e-commerce site appearing in your online search, and this is the result of browser fingerprinting. When you leave a website, you leave behind a certain amount of your information which is a treasure for data brokers as they sell this information to third parties such as e-commerce companies to tailor your personal experience whenever you visit their e-commerce website or another website advertisement.
As said, fingerprinting allows data brokers to get information about your online transactions. How does it work? You start a programming script in your browser when you visit a website. Current web browsers such as Firefox, Chrome, and Safari have their API, which gathers information from your website if we block APIs to avoid fingerprinting.
However, APIs are a core part of your browser, so without them, they may act erratically. Also, since the scripts are running in the background, there is no way to know when websites collect information about your online transactions and device. Fingerprinting scripts are similar to any other programming scripts embedded into the browser’s function, so there is no way to determine the script by just seeing it.
These scripts collect information such as your device’s OS, specifications, plugins you integrate with your browser, timezone, location, language, and ad-blockers. It converts the raw information into a digital format known as “fingerprints.”
Data brokers get the data and sell it to third parties, so the third party may formulate a plan to reach the potential customer. That is one way to enhance your digital marketing; the other is by “cross-site tracking.”
Nowadays, many website owners have a direct tie-up with the ad agency, meaning that owners of websites have direct access to your web traffic information such as your web browsing history, online purchasing history, online experience preferences, and news preference.
There are predominantly three fingerprinting techniques that gather your online traffic information:
Once your ad agency composes enough information, they will create a profile and directly share it with the website owner or sell it to data brokers. They will do the rest of the process by selling the information to third-party service providers.
Cookies are another method to track your internet transactions. They are small packets of information that a website stores within your browser. Whenever you visit the same website, the website loads the information already stored within the browser instead of loading the original data. The primary objective of cookies is to provide a faster online experience to the visitor who is revisiting the website. When you revisit a website, cookies are the communicating medium that tells the website server that the particular visitor has returned.
Cookies store information such as your shopping history, cart details, login information, and user preferences. Ad agencies and advertisers place their ads in well-positioned areas where they gain a lot of traffic to their sites and capture their target audience according to their shopping history. Still, many view them as an invasion of privacy.
Browser fingerprinting is legal in almost every country around the world. As per General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the primary thing to be aware of is that all websites must get consent from the user before they begin to track information by using cookies or any other technique.
There is no dedicated software to prevent browser fingerprinting completely, but you can take the first step to fight against browser fingerprinting, which is using a proxy server
A proxy server is an intermediary server that sits between you and the target server. When you connect online, your IP address ties to your physical location, meaning you cannot access the content restricted to your region.
A proxy server helps you to reroute your internet traffic through its server and deliver the requests to target servers. The rerouting process helps mask your IP address deeply and makes it difficult for target servers to check whether you are using a proxy server or not.
First, you need a proxy server that can bypass the security filters in the websites to access geo-restricted content. The second feature, the IP address, should resemble the IP address that an internet service provider would assign, making it difficult for the target server to deny your request. These two crucial features are a part of a residential proxy server.
ProxyScrape is one of the best proxy providers. ProxyScrape’s residential proxy server meets the requirements. It is much more than that, as it has a rotating feature, a technique that provides you with new IP addresses whenever you connect to the proxy provider network, or in our case, ProxyScrape’s network. Since your IP address is dynamic, it is difficult for the target server to track all those IP addresses and identify your location. Your original IP address is masked deeply with the help of a rotating proxy. Apart from that, other features that the ProxyScrape provides include:
Browser fingerprinting is a process of tracking your online transactions for identification. When you connect your devices online, your browser will take information from requests and serve them to the target server about the website you visit.
Data brokers and ad agencies often use browser fingerprinting to gather information about the visitors online and sell it to third parties organizations such as e-commerce websites and the medical sector to give personalized information to their customers.
The significant difference is that cookies are computer files that store visitors’ information on their computer once the user gives consent. But in fingerprinting, ad agencies and websites build a unique profile for every customer with the help of data brokers to provide a more personalized online experience.
Imagine this scenario: what if some stranger comes to your home, takes your things, and leaves without telling you what is happening? You will be furious. That is the same thing happening in browser fingerprinting. There is no exact solution to avoid browser fingerprinting completely, but a proxy server can help to fight browser fingerprinting. ProxyScrape provides an excellent residential proxy for various high-bandwidth demanding tasks such as web scraping, SEO monitoring, and browser fingerprinting.
Comments are closed. | <urn:uuid:2ed370e1-c2f5-4ab9-acf4-5b8efdd8dd79> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://proxyscrape.com/blog/browser-fingerprinting/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.932745 | 1,696 | 3.09375 | 3 |
In many of India’s poorest areas, especially its forests, the Maoists have established parallel administrations, collecting taxes, running crude court systems and dispensing rough justice, often through the barrel of a gun.
Naxalite guerrillas have been in an almost constant state of war with government police, special army units and official armed vigilantes for over 20 years. Thousands of people have died in those decades and nearly 600 people have been killed in over 1,400 incidents this year alone.
But despite the sustained anti-insurgent campaign by government forces, the Maoist grip on poor, rural India has been growing year-by-year.
They now operate "People’s Governments" in a swathe of territory across central India sometimes called the "Compact Revolutionary Zone" or the "Naxal Belt."
There are somewhat startling estimates with which many officials agree that the Maoists control a much higher percentage of India than the 11 per cent of neighbouring Pakistan said to be controlled by the Taliban.
Last week Prime Minister Manmohan Singh said the government is losing the battle against the Maoists.
"I have constantly held that in many ways, left-wing extremism poses perhaps the gravest internal security threat our country faces," Singh told a conference of police chiefs in New Delhi.
Singh said the Maoists appear to have a growing appeal among many segments of Indian society, especially the rural poor, but also tribal communities and left-leaning urban intelligentsia.
The state of the insurrection rapidly became a South Asian regional issue last week when Home Affairs Minister Palaniappan Chidambaram, who is responsible for internal security forces, added that the Maoists have safe havens in neighbouring states and easy access to sophisticated weapons in Southeast Asia.
There were immediate expressions of outrage from neighbouring Nepal, where local Maoists have become part of government after waging a successful civil war.
Chidambaram undoubtedly included Nepal in his comments, but he was also pointing to India’s troubled northeastern region where dozens of separatist groups operate and where many people have close ethnic ties to Tibet, China and Burma.
In many ways the rise of Maoism in India echoes unrest in China where last year there were over 70,000 "mass incidents" involving over 1,000 people.
In both India and China these acts of rebellion are by the legion of the poor who have not benefited from their nations’ economic advances and whose scant resources are being pillaged by those with power.
The difference is that in China the Communist Party has expended every effort to ensure that no nationwide or even regional organization that could marshal and direct the unrest is allowed to come into being.
But India is a democracy with a long tradition of left-wing and communist parties.
The Maoists have purposefully operated outside the broad church of India’s parliamentary politics and in some states they have been declared terrorist organizations.
Maoist leaders deny they are terrorists. "We’re fighting a people’s war," one Naxalite leader told a local journalist recently. "We want the proletariat to rule, not imperialistic governments."
While few analysts believe the Maoists could attract enough support to overthrow the government as they did in Nepal, there are many who see justice in their cause.
Even Singh, during his speech last week, acknowledged that the problem is as much about poverty as it is security.
Writing in a Catholic newspaper last week, Jesuit priest Ambrose Pinto said that at the heart of the problem is a battle between two models of development. Prime Minister Singh and mainstream national and state administrations are pursuing a "neo-liberal" model which encourages foreign investment and welcomes multi-national corporations. This approach, says Pinto, has seen tens of thousands of local and tribal people displaced to make way for such things as steel mills, power plants, mine developments and special economic zones. The global recession has caused havoc with this approach, spurred unemployment, misery and impoverishment, and provided recruits for the Maoists, he said.
"It is this model that the Naxals and Maoists are opposing," wrote Pinto. "They are asking for a local model of development that would not destroy the life and livelihood of the people."
Pinto says the Maoists and Naxalites have a legitimate claim to a share of the profits from the resources of their land.
The first step towards meeting this just cause and ending the insurrection, Pinto says, is to reform the Forest Land Act to give tribal peoples clear ownership of the land on which they live and a real claim to a proper share of profits from enterprises in those areas.
This, he says, should be a prelude to a broader program of land reform that would give local people protection against the looting of their legitimate resources by multinational and influential Indian corporations.
Photo of Fr. Ambrose Pinto, S.J. in yellow | <urn:uuid:a0489f63-855e-4c43-a7d1-54a63ac32569> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://goodjesuitbadjesuit.blogspot.com/2009/09/jesuit-liberation-theology-maoists.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719027.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00301-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97337 | 1,009 | 2.34375 | 2 |
WHAT GRANDMASTERS DON'T SEE - Protected Squares - Maurice Ashley - VOLUME 1Product Code: WIN0304CB
Many times when a top player blunders, it is routinely described by the esoteric term "chess blindness." In the series What Grandmasters Don't See, chess trainer and world-class commentator Maurice Ashley strips away the myth, and for the first time explains why the root of these mistakes is more often based on the psychology of human learning.In Volume 1 of the series, Ashley coins a new term Protected Squares, and shows how many errors occur on squares that seem invulnerable because they are clearly guarded by pawns. In example after example and in his trademark style, Ashley will teach you how to avoid this kind of mistake and how to look for moves that will shock and amaze your opponents.
In the first 19 videos on the DVD Ashley demonstrates both well-known and little known games in which a move on to a protected square plays an important part. In the second half of the DVD you are tested on what you have learned about protected squares with a series of exercises of increasing difficulty. This material is also drawn both from classics and from recent games. Video running time: 4 hours 18 minutes
System requirements: Pentium-Processor at 300 Mhz or higher, 64 MB RAM, Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, DVD drive, mouse, soundcard
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Returns & Exchanges
Computer Software and DVDs that come on Physical Media (such as CD-ROMs and DVD-ROMS) can only be returned or exchanged if the product is in its original, shrinkwrapped packaging and has not been installed or used in any way. Once you open the packaging of a Computer Software or DVD title, it can only be exchanged for a new copy of the same title and only if the original media is defective. There are NO exceptions to this rule.
Pentium III 1 GHz, 2 GB RAM, Windows (Supports XP (Service pack 3), Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 10), DirectX9, 256 MB graphics card, DVD-ROM drive, Windows Media Player 9 and Internet access for program activation.
Media Mail Eligible
Media Mail® shipping from the US Postal Service is the cost-effective way to ship Books, Software and DVDs. With shipping rates starting at only 4.00, it's the most affordable shipping method available. | <urn:uuid:291a5fc1-56c3-45b7-9c62-80fe3c008ea0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.houseofstaunton.com/chess/terms/chess-strategy/trainer-protected-squares-maurice-ashley-what-grandmasters-don-t-see-volume-1.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00236-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.91136 | 610 | 1.648438 | 2 |
The UN Security Council has unanimously adopted a resolution aimed at weakening Islamists in Iraq and Syria with measures to choke off funding and the flow of foreign fighters.
Friday's move represents the most wide-ranging response yet by the top United Nations body to the jihadists, who now control large swaths of territory in both countries and have been accused of atrocities.
The British-drafted measure also placed six Islamist leaders - from Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and other nations - on the al-Qaeda sanctions list, which provides for a travel ban and assets freeze.
The six include senior Al-Qaeda leaders who have provided financing to the Al-Nusra Front in Syria and Abu Mohammad al-Adnani, the spokesman for the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), now renamed Islamic State (IS).
British Ambassador Mark Lyall Grant noted that the 15-member council had shown "strong unity" in adopting the resolution.
"We have watched with horror their brutal actions - attempts to wipe out entire communities on the basis of their religion or belief, indiscriminate killing, illegal and savage executions, deliberate targeting of civilians and appalling levels of sexual violence, especially against women and children," he said.
The resolution won the backing of all 15 council members, including Russia, whose backing for Syrian President Bashar al-Assad partly stems from concerns that his downfall could lead to Islamists ruling Damascus.
The resolution demands IS fighters in Iraq and Syria, rebels from the Al-Nusra Front in Syria and other al-Qaeda-linked groups "disarm and disband with immediate effect".
It "calls on all member states to take national measures to suppress the flow of foreign terrorist fighters" to the extremist groups and threatens to slap sanctions on those involved in recruitment.
It also warns governments and entities that trade with the jihadists "could constitute financial support" that may lead to sanctions. | <urn:uuid:52ad0b94-2e32-45f2-9529-6033dade52dc> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.theage.com.au/world/un-security-council-resolution-targets-jihadists-in-iraq-and-syria-20140815-104sfc | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00372-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957481 | 378 | 1.9375 | 2 |
Conference paper Open Access
Alvanides, Seraphim; Buchstaller, Isabelle; Griese, Frauke
We present the results of an interdisciplinary project exploring street name changes in Leipzig (Germany), over the past 102 years. Our analysis focuses on the ways in which semantic choices in the streetscape express the national past and support the hegemonic socio-political order by visualising waves of street (re)naming during a century of political turmoil. Drawing on historical archival data allows us to interpret spatial and temporal patterns as the public embodiment of subsequent political state ideologies, demonstrating that the indexing of officially sanctioned identity and ideology as well as the appropriation of urban space are performed by and in turn index state- hegemonic politics of memory. | <urn:uuid:7aeed303-aa48-475e-a19a-c1ff42e57943> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://zenodo.org/record/4670121 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.907556 | 158 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Updated National Osteoporosis Society guideline on vitamin D
A guideline on which patients to test and who to treat for vitamin D deficiency
Vitamin D helps regulate levels of the body’s calcium and phosphate, nutrients that are essential for healthy bones, teeth and muscles.
There is also a potential role for vitamin D in the prevention of non-skeletal disorders, such as autoimmune disease, cancer, mental health problems and cardiovascular disease.
The body creates vitamin D during exposure of the skin to direct sunlight. From late March to the end of September, therefore, most people should produce enough vitamin D.
However, from October to early March, people do not get enough vitamin D from sunlight.
A lack of vitamin D can lead to bone pain caused by osteomalacia in adults.
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- Personalised newsletters tailored to your interests | <urn:uuid:746fe468-6c54-45c9-9809-61e588a897f6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://rcni.com/nursing-older-people/newsroom/clinical-update/updated-national-osteoporosis-society-guideline-vitamin-d-143561 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.905078 | 264 | 3.71875 | 4 |
THE BOOK OF WILL
Without William Shakespeare, we wouldn't have literary masterpieces like Romeo and Juliet. But without Henry Condell and John Heminges, we would have lost half of Shakespeare's plays forever! After the death of their friend and mentor, the two actors are determined to compile the first Folio and preserve the words that shaped their lives. They'll just have to borrow, beg and band together to get it done. Shakespeare lover Lauren Gunderson weaves a hilarious and heartfelt story of the characters behind the collected stories we know so well. | <urn:uuid:1c8d4826-85e7-466f-a39d-e0e99e2e7859> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.denver.org/includes/calendar-of-events/THE-BOOK-OF-WILL/34042/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721355.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00014-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955739 | 111 | 1.554688 | 2 |
We’re two years into the sesquicentennial of the Civil War and, I don’t know about you, but it seems to me there hasn’t been a whole lot said about it. The anniversary of Antietam—the bloodiest day in American history—passed on 9/17 without much of a mention.
Maybe it’s the not-often-celebrated nature of a 150th anniversary, or that people are tired of our current blue vs. red state struggle (compared with the 1860s—or even the 1960s—it’s more of a spat). Or maybe we’re just waiting for Spielberg’s Lincoln to come out on November 16.
Whatever the reason, I’m bothered by the national amnesia about a war that took 600,000 lives. As a percentage of today’s population, that would be 6 million dead. The figure is from a PBS American Experience special Death and the Civil War based on a fascinating book by Drew Gilpin-Faust, This Republic of Suffering.
You can make an argument that although bluegrass dates from the 1940s, most of the sensibility of its lyrics comes directly from a late 19th century culture deeply affected by the constant presence of death.
Even the bluegrass fascination with mother songs can be traced back to the Civil War—songs like Be My Mother Till I Die and Just Before the Battle, Mother. In fact, according to Gilpin-Faust, there were so many mother songs that people began to write satires of them. One answer song to Mother Would Comfort Me was called Mother Would Wallop Me. You can look it up.
Songs sung during the Civil War are still some of the most beautiful melodies ever created: Aura Lee, Battle Cry of Freedom, and anything by Stephen Foster. A lot of these sings were written during the war, but a few come from just before it.
One of the most beautiful is Lorena, written in 1856 by Henry Webster and put to music the next year by Joseph Webster. It was taken up by both sides during the war as a song about a missed loved one. My favorite version is by John Hartford.
And, of course, songs about the Civil War continue to be written. Like the Bible, it’s a deep well of topics and characters. Mark Simos and IBMA Songwriter of the Year Jon Weisberger co-wrote Three Days in July, recorded by the Infamous Stringdusters.
Songwriter and producer Thomm Jutz has recently released a beautifully done two-volume collection of songs about the war called The 1861 Project, which is well worth checking out.
Tim O’Brien has a great song on his Traveler album called Restless Spirit Wandering about a union soldier wandering the earth. And the Gibson Brothers have touched on the war with Sam Smith and Safe Passage.
Perhaps the most well-known bluegrass jam song written about the Civil War is Rebel Soldier, recorded by the Country Gentlemen and sung by Charlie Waller.
The first song about the Civil War I remember hearing by a bluegrass band was Claire Lynch’s version of Don Oja-Dunaway’s beautiful Kennesaw Line, which I’ve always thought of as a template for a well written song.
I better not start listing songs here (see list below) because I’m sure to forget a lot of them.
I wrote a song called 13 Steps about Mary Surratt, who was hanged for her role—a dubious one—in the Lincoln assassination conspiracy. Bluegrass content: Mary is a distant relative of Ben Surratt, bluegrass recording engineer extraordinaire.
And Bobby Osborne recorded my song Shenandoah Wind, originally recorded by Eric Uglum (with Alison Krauss singing harmony) on his album of the same name, about the last thoughts of a confederate soldier. Eric also has a beautiful instrumental solo guitar version of Battle Cry of Freedom on the album. He generously agreed to make both available, so if you click on these links you can stream them in full:
I—like many of you, I’m guessing—want to know more songs from or about the Civil War, so I asked my closest Facebook friends for their favorites. I got a big response and have listed the songs below along with a modest attempt at artist or songwriter.
If you know of any that are not listed here (or if I need to correct something), please feel free to add yours in the comment section.
If there’s one thing all these songs show, it’s that we have a common heritage and a common humanity that transcend our differences. It’s a lesson we apparently have to learn over and over again.
Luckily, we have the songs to help us.
Songs from or about the Civil War:
- The 1861 Project, Vols. 1 and 2
- Cold Mountain Soundtrack
- Songs of the Civil War, Columbia Records, 1991
- Songs of the Civil War (Leroy Troy, Johnny Gimble, and others)
- White Mansions (Paul Kennerly)
Category: Opinion and commentary
If you enjoyed this article, subscribe to receive more just like it. | <urn:uuid:84dc4982-4729-4561-ae74-28a0546dd62a> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://bluegrasstoday.com/blue-yodel-48-blue-and-grey-states/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719416.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00365-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962711 | 1,102 | 2.4375 | 2 |
Turing Test: Artificial Intelligence Vs Human, who wins?
Comparative evaluation of autocontouring in clinical practice: A practical method using the Turing test
Quantitative measures of geometric agreement are popular but may not predict the level of clinical acceptance for the contouring method. The purpose of this study is to propose a method (inspired by the Turing Test) for providing contour quality measures that directly draw upon practitioners’ assessments of manual and automatic contours. Read more here: https://aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/mp.13200 | <urn:uuid:37cc226e-743a-46b4-bf6d-3b37242e70d6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mirada-medical.com/knowledge-center/resources/turing-test-artificial-intelligence-vs-human-who-wins/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.852627 | 127 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Hosts are the most basic unit of resource within Rancher and is represented as any Linux server, virtual or physical, with the following minimum requirements:
Rancher also supports Docker Machine and allows you to add your host via any of its supported drivers.
From the Infrastructure -> Hosts tab, click on Add Host.
||Not yet (planned for Rancher 1.5)|
A host gets connected to Rancher server when the Rancher agent container is started on the host. The registration token, which is the long URL in the Add Host -> Custom screen, is used by the Rancher agent to connect to the server for the first time. Upon connection, it generates an agent account and API key pair in Rancher server. The key pair is then used for all subsequent communication using the same authentication and authorization logic as there is for other kinds of accounts, like environment API keys.
The design is that the agent is untrusted because it is running on the outside and potentially hostile (to the server) hardware. The agent accounts have access to only the resources they need in the API, replies to events are checked that the event was actually sent to that agent, etc. There is not as much in the opposite direction for the agent to verify the host, so you can also set up TLS and the certificate will be verified.
The registration token is per environment. It is generated on the server, stored in the database, and sent to the host as part of the agent registration with the API key pair. The connections are point to point between hosts and AES encrypted, which is accelerated by most modern CPUs.
The first time that you add a host, you may be required to set up the Host Registration URL. This setup determines what DNS name or IP address, and port that your hosts will be connected to the Rancher API. By default, we have selected the management server IP and port
8080. If you choose to change the address, please make sure to specify the port that should be used to connect to the Rancher API. At any time, you can update the Host Registration. After setting up your host registration, click on Save.
We support adding hosts directly from cloud providers or adding a host that’s already been provisioned. For cloud providers, we provision using
docker-machine and support any images that
Select which host type you want to add:
When a host is added to Rancher, a rancher agent container is launched on the host. Rancher will automatically pull the correct image version tag for the
rancher/agent and run the required version. The agent version is tagged specifically to each Rancher server version.
With each host, you have the ability to add labels to help you organize your hosts. The labels are added as an environment variable when launching the rancher/agent container. The host label in the UI will be a key/value pair and the keys must be unique identifiers. If you added two keys with different values, we’ll take the last inputted value to use as the key/value pair.
If you are planning to use an external DNS service and will require to program the DNS records using an IP other than the host IP, then you will need to include the label
io.rancher.host.external_dns_ip=<IP_TO_BE_USED_FOR_EXTERNAL_DNS> on the host. The host label can be added when registering the host or after the host has been added to Rancher, but it should be added to the host before the external DNS service starts. The value of this label will be used when programming rules for external DNS services.
When using the UI to add hosts with the different cloud providers, the rancher/agent command is automatically launched for you with the host labels that are added in the UI.
When adding a custom host, you can add the labels using the UI and it will automatically add the environment variable (
CATTLE_HOST_LABELS) with the key/value pair into the command on the UI screen.
# Adding one host label to the rancher/agent command $ sudo docker run -e CATTLE_HOST_LABELS='foo=bar' -d --privileged \ -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock rancher/agent:v0.8.2 \ http://<rancher-server-ip>:8080/v1/projects/1a5/scripts/<registrationToken> # Adding more than one host label requires joining the additional host labels with an `&` $ sudo docker run -e CATTLE_HOST_LABELS='foo=bar&hello=world' -d --privileged \ -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock rancher/agent:v0.8.2 \ http://<rancher-server-ip>:8080/v1/projects/1a5/scripts/<registrationToken>
rancher/agentversion is correlated to the Rancher server version. You will need to check the custom command to get the appropriate tag for the version to use.
Rancher automatically creates host labels related to linux kernel version and Docker Engine version of the host.
||Linux Kernel Version on Host (e.g,
||Version of the Linux kernel running on the host|
||Docker Version on the host (e.g.
||Docker Engine Version on the host|
If you are behind an HTTP proxy, in order to add hosts to Rancher server, you will need to edit the Docker daemon of the host to point to the proxy. The detailed instructions are listed within our adding custom host page.
If you choose to select to launch a host through Rancher, Rancher is making a Docker Machine call to lauch in the cloud provider. We provide all the certificates generated when launching the machine in an easy to download file. Click on Machine Config in the host’s dropdown menu. It will download a tar.gz file that has all the certificates.
To SSH into your host, go to your terminal/command prompt. Navigate to the folder of all the certificates and ssh in using the
$ ssh -i id_rsa root@<IP_OF_HOST>
Since launching hosts on cloud providers requires using an access key, you might want to easily create another host without needing to input all the credentials again. Rancher provides the ability to clone these credentials to spin up a new host. Select Clone from the host’s drop down menu. It will bring up an Add Host page with the credentials of the cloned host populated.
The options for what can be done to a host are located in the host’s dropdown. From the Infrastructure -> Hosts page, the dropdown icon will appear when you hover over the host. If you click on the host name to view more details of a host, the dropdown icon is located in the upper right corner of the page. It’s located next to the State of the host.
If you select Edit, you can update the name, description or labels on the host.
Deactivating the host will put the host into an Inactive state. In this state, no new containers can be deployed. Any active containers on the host will continue to be active and you will still have the ability to perform actions on these containers (start/stop/restart). The host will still be connected to the Rancher server. Select Deactivate from the host’s dropdown menu.
When a host is in the Inactive state, you can bring the host back into an Active state by clicking on Activate from the host’s dropdown menu.
Note: If a host is down in Rancher (i.e. in
inactivestate), you will need to implement a health check in order for Rancher to launch the containers on your service on to a different host.
In order to remove a host from the server, you will need to do a couple of steps from the dropdown menu.
Select Deactivate. When the host has completed the deactivation, the host will display an Inactive state. Select Delete. The server will start the removal process of the host from the Rancher server instance. The first state that it will display after it’s finished deleting it will be Removed. It will continue to finalize the removal process and move to a Purged state before immediately disappearing from the UI.
If the host was created on a cloud provider using Rancher, the host will be deleted from the cloud provider. If the host was added by using the custom command, the host will remain on the cloud provider.
Notes: For custom hosts, all containers including the Rancher agent will continue to remain on the host.
If your host is deleted outside of Rancher, then Rancher server will continue to show the host until it’s removed. Eventually, these hosts will show up in a Reconnecting state and never be able to reconnect. You will be able to Delete these hosts to remove them from the UI. | <urn:uuid:4c492727-da62-4e47-883f-0aae549e7c2f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://docs.rancher.com/rancher/v1.3/en/hosts/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00354-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.884557 | 1,940 | 1.695313 | 2 |
New Zealand National Commission for UNESCO
New Zealand National Commission for UNESCO
United Nations Day For Cultural Heritage Wed 4 December 2002
The proclamation of 2002 as the Year for Cultural Heritage follows a resolution adopted by UNESCO’s General Conference last year in response to the destruction of the ancient Bamiyan Buddhas in Afghanistan.
It reflects a concept that UNESCO has been advocating since its establishment in 1948, which is that of a common heritage of humanity in which we all have a stake, regardless of geographic location. UNESCO (United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organisation) is the United Nations organisation in charge of protecting, safeguarding and enhancing the world’s heritage.
UNESCO Director-General Koichiro Matsuura said the Year For Cultural Heritage aims to make people all over the world aware of the importance of cherishing our varied heritage, both the treasures of our physical cultural heritage and the intangible heritage of traditions and cultural practices.
“In learning to appreciate and value our own heritage, we can learn to appreciate the heritage of other cultures. This is an essential step towards ensuring peaceful dialogue and mutual understanding,” he said.
Activities in New Zealand
The Day for Cultural Heritage will be marked in a variety of ways around the country. The capital city, where the National Commission for UNESCO is based, is the focus for national activities. Local authorities around the country have been fully informed about the events taking place in Wellington and the development of the cultural heritage trail and associated website (see below) is seen as a model/prototype for development elsewhere. Already several authorities including the New Plymouth District Council, the Invercargill City Council and the Auckland City Council have responded enthusiastically to this invitation to mark the Day for Cultural Heritage.
Dawn Ceremony with Keynote Address by Race Relations Conciliator Joris de Bres The day will begin with a dawn ceremony in Wellington’s Civic Square led by tangata whenua from the local iwi. A media release on the speech will be distributed on Tuesday 3 December.
Mayoral Reception, Wellington In the middle of the day, Mayor Kerry Prendergast will host a mayoral reception involving representatives from many different ethnic communities living in Wellington.
Launch of the Wellington City Cultural Heritage Trail Website The Mayor will also launch this website created by the New Zealand National Commission for UNESCO as a gift to the city of Wellington to celebrate the cultural diversity of Wellington and to mark the UN Year for Cultural Heritage. The purpose of the project is to identify and acknowledge sites, which are, or have been, of significance to some ethnic communities who have made their home in Wellington. A website containing material on these different cultural groups is being developed and is to be gifted to Wellington from the New Zealand National Commission for UNESCO.
Local Cultural Heritage Activities Honoured Awards recognising individuals and organisations who have raised awareness of cultural heritage and who have worked to reflect the community in which they operate. UNESCO will award Certificates of Endorsement at the Mayoral reception to:
• Chloe Groser – Dominion Post reporter Throughout 2002, Chloe has produced a series of articles covering a huge array of the diverse ethnic groups living in Wellington. She has put a human face on the issue of immigration, letting people tell their stories of migration and speak of their culture and cultural heritage. These stories operate to foster attitudes of tolerance towards different cultures which is the ultimate goal of the UN Year for Cultural Heritage.
• Darcy Nicholas and the Pataka Porirua Museum of Arts and Cultures Even the name of this institution reflects its recognition of the multiple cultures in Porirua City. As a community art institution, Pataka has led the way in celebrating the diverse arts and heritage of its community, in a manner that is friendly, accessible and culturally appropriate. Pataka’s current exhibitions perfectly represent its approach - covering, for example, contemporary Maori art, Samoan women’s art, the work of local arts graduates as well as an exhibition about Samoan history.
• Tui Tararo - Community Development Advisor, Wellington City Council Tui and her team have made a huge contribution to the wellbeing of different ethnic communities living in Wellington and this Certificate of Endorsement recognises that contribution. Tui’s formal designation, ‘Community Development Advisor, Pacific People, Refugees and Migrants and Southern Ward’, gives an indication of the breadth of her role. She is involved in a huge array of projects from developing the governance and organisational capacity of community groups, to facilitating Internet training and access for Pacific communities in Wellington, to organising community festivals.
Photo Opportunities, Wednesday, 4 December • Dawn ceremony – speakers, performances from children in a very scenic setting on Wellington’s City to Sea bridge
• Children from Mt Cook School on the Wellington City Cultural Heritage Trail. The children are being taken around some of the sites - including Pipitea Marae, the Greek Orthodox Church in Hania St, Bharat Bhavan, the Wellington Indian Association in Kemp St Kilbirnie and the Ataturk Memorial at Tarakina Bay - between 9am and midday. We will provide details of locations and times of arrival on Tuesday 3 December.
• At the Mayoral Reception: • Launch of the website • Launch of a beautifully designed flier promoting the website and celebrating Wellington’s ethnic diversity with photos of real Wellingtonians. • Performances by children • Presentation of Certificates of Endorsement to Dominion Post reporter Chloe Groser, the WCC and Pataka Museum of Arts and Culture, Porirua – for the efforts to reflect the cultural diversity of the communities in which they operate
If you would like more information, please
contact Alison Bartley Communications Advisor New Zealand
National Commission for UNESCO TEL: 0274 436 123 | <urn:uuid:d86a1381-cb8e-45b6-aeb4-f803415f1c1a> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/PO0211/S00219.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988717963.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183837-00374-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.923418 | 1,185 | 2.484375 | 2 |
Wildfires in five Russian regions have been almost completely extinguished, Emergencies Minister Sergei Shoigu said on Monday.
"Regarding the number of fires, I would say that the situation is, without a doubt, much better," Shoigu said at a government meeting.
Wildfires, sparked by weeks of abnormally high temperatures in central Russia, are raging in 22 Russian regions.
Shoigu said the fires in the Tula, Tambov, Belgorod, Lipetsk and Ivanovo regions had been "almost completely" extinguished.
However, he said conditions were still bad in the Ryazan, Nizhny Novgorod and Moscow regions.
He added that the emergencies ministry aircraft would extinguish all the wildfires in the Moscow region "in one day" as soon as the visibility improves.
The NASA Terra and Aqua satellites registered 377 hotspots from wildfires across Russia on Monday, down 65 from Sunday.
Thousands of personnel are working round the clock to fight the fires, which have so far killed more than 50 people and left some 2,000 homeless.
Moscow and a dozen other cities have been shrouded in a thick layer of smog. Health experts say pollution levels are so high that breathing has become as dangerous as smoking several packs of cigarettes a day.
MOSCOW, August 9 (RIA Novosti) | <urn:uuid:e7ae161a-3831-4838-879a-eec9c7cfce98> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sputniknews.com/20100809/160132436.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.969043 | 279 | 1.710938 | 2 |
The future of NavCoin governance.
When NavCoin initially launched in 2014, its core concepts were clear. One such core commitment is, and always will be, that decentralisation isn’t just a buzzword. With each protocol upgrade the innovative network has seen, they have stayed true to this promise, and with the imminent release of the NavCoin DAO upon us, the ecosystem looks to make another massive stride toward its goals.
Before we dive more into the details of the NavCoin DAO, let’s take a quick look at what exactly a ‘Decentralised Autonomous Organisation’ is. A DAO can be described as:
“…an organisation represented by rules encoded as a computer program that is transparent, controlled by shareholders and not influenced by a central government”
This concept has long been heralded as a potential holy grail of achievement, both within the cryptocurrency sphere and also the wider world of business and investment. With proper implementation, DAO’s can provide legitimate solutions to many real-world problems. In principle, there is no central authority, such as a development team or Foundation, holding the reins of control. DAO’s return the power of governance to the community who ultimately are most affected by these decisions.
To this effect, there is no one entity that can produce a unilateral decision. Users, miners and development teams all have equal weighting in their ability to exert their personal will without agreement from others. Ultimately, this also makes a DAO entirely incorruptible to human persuasion. It cannot be bought, bribed or banned by shady enterprises or enforcement agency. Even John Wick himself, could not excommunicate a perfectly programmed DAO!
While this idea, in theory, is seemingly flawless, in practice DAO’s have been the source of much controversy. Most famously of all such cases, 3.6 million Ether was stolen in 2016 by hackers exploiting a vulnerability in the Etheruem DAO. This resulted in a hard fork event for the network, something which everyone involved with NavCoin are obviously keen to avoid!
And so, what improvements does the NavCoin DAO make upon its predecessors, and, importantly, why are these tools so vital going forward?
Essentially, there are three key prongs to the NavCoin DAO trident. Let’s break them down.
With the world entering a period of unprecedented uncertainty, now, more than ever, questions regarding the parameters controlling the financial markets are coming to the forefront. In the convoluted spectrum of fiat finance, these answers are usually somewhat elusive, to say the least.
Conversely to this, in cryptocurrency, the principles of “code as law” are deep- rooted, bringing with it a sense of transparency of certainty. In the wake of the 2008 financial crisis, Bitcoin was born, and with it, the novel notion that currency supply needn’t be an infinitely inflationary model.
Rigidity brings its own constraints however, as many crypto-communities have sadly found out the hard way. Without flexible parameters, vulnerabilities or outdated concepts can bring entire blockchains to their knees. For this very reason, unlike other DAO projects, NavCoin DAO allows for parameter updates. In fact, it allows any community member, regardless of coding ability, to bring a proposal forward, on any parameter whatsoever. The community are able to fund, guide and alter their networks rules without the involvement of developers.
Take, for example, the “money printer go brr” meme we’re sadly all too familiar with. While NavCoin, much like Bitcoin, has scheduled emission (2.5 NAV per block), thanks to the NavCoin DAO, users can bring about a consensus to adjust block emission rates.
In times of uncertainty this is a powerful feature, and, of course, is not limited to block emission rates. Any parameter whatsoever affecting the blockchain can be adjusted via this mechanism! The process in place guarantees that any NavCoin user, regardless of technical know-how, can have their voice heard and bring forward proposals to ultimately be decided upon by the community.
While consensus mechanisms are, generally speaking, the best tool for governing such decisions, they too, have been known to cause issues. Lower voter numbers on smaller topics can, and have, resulted in bad actors receiving payment for work never intended to be completed. To ensure that illegitimate proposals do not receive funding via loopholes in voting procedures, NavCoin DAO works hand-in- hand with a multi-consensus community funding system. This unique way of working means that, at no point, can bad-actors receive funding for shoddy or incomplete work, protecting the community.
While of course, protecting the interests of the network are vital, it is important too, to empower developers wishing to build using NavCoin. It is for this very reason, that the DAO brings with it a unique consultation system. With this system, developers can gauge the mood of the community before committing their time and resources to developing a full-blown proposal. This feature could also be used in a number of other novel ways. Say, creating a NavCoin community poll on their feelings toward privacy features.
And speaking of privacy features, in addition to work being done upon NavCoin DAO, the next core upgrade will implement an entirely new privacy protocol. With much controversy surrounding the use of privacy features in the current climate of contact tracing, it will be interesting to explore the implications of this as governments look to phase out the use of cash and paper money in the wake of an international pandemic.
For now, however, as traditionally rational markets show signs of instability, it is no surprise that the spotlight shines upon cryptocurrency once again for viable solutions. With the release of NavCoin DAO, NavCoin equips itself with the vital tools necessary in recognising and enacting the will of its users. More so than this, it does so without constraining them through predefined parameters, and at the same time, protects the network from censorship and malice. | <urn:uuid:04d211b1-ce01-4a8f-9296-eb58d02337cb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://medium.com/nav-coin/the-future-of-navcoin-governance-b42a97748de4?source=post_internal_links---------3---------------------------- | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00277.warc.gz | en | 0.938648 | 1,258 | 1.53125 | 2 |
N.H. Group Says People, Not Taxes, Should Help Needy
This is the time of year when people all over the country are coming together and getting food to needy families, but for one community in Manchester, N.H., private acts of charity aren't just a holiday tradition — they are a display of anarchist and libertarian principles.
On a recent day, about 50 people gathered in a converted office space with $6,000 worth of food and a list of needy families. Mike Ruff, with help from a couple of kids, filled shopping bags with food for the hungry.
Ruff, a 40-year-old mediator and blacksmith, helped organize the event. He carries an M1911 pistol strapped to his waist because he says he doesn't trust tax-funded policemen to protect him. For all the same reasons, he doesn't trust the government to help the needy either.
Ruff is a member of New Hampshire's growing Free State movement, which means he moved from somewhere else to New Hampshire for the state's low tax burden, its "Live Free or Die" mentality and to agitate for smaller government.
Ruff isn't the only person here who thinks this kind of private charity should replace all tax-funded social services.
"We all agree that privately funded, voluntary charity is superior to the welfare system," says Amanda Bouldin, the event's coordinator. Bouldin is humbled by the $6,000 that was donated to buy food, and it's her job to make sure her volunteers get suitable meals to needy refugees and diabetics.
Like Ruff, Bouldin moved to New Hampshire to join the Free State Project. She says she doesn't blame anyone who uses food stamps or public housing, and she knows her $6,000 is just a drop in the bucket when it comes to ending hunger. But, she says, forcing the public to pay taxes to solve social problems is immoral.
"If you stick a gun to somebody's head and say, 'Give me $20 to feed this guy that's dying of starvation on the street right now, or I'll kill you,' have you done something charitable? No," she says. "You've committed a crime."
Not everybody here sees taxation in such strict terms.
Merav Yaakov, an Israeli who recently moved her family from Colorado to New Hampshire to join the Free State Project, says she's not comfortable in big organizations.
"There's research out there that says people function best in groups of 150 people, and I would like to organize my life in this kind of terms," Yaakov says. She says big organizations – like the government – just don't work for her.
"I don't know who runs them, I don't know their interests ... [and] it's hard for me to be part of big things like this that I don't have personal contact," she says.
Yaakov says the people at this event are some of the most creative people she's ever met, and the strength of their relationships is striking.
Caitlin Appell moved a year ago with her fiancée, Elizabeth, to join the Free State Project. The 24-year-old says they didn't expect to make so many friends so fast.
"It was like this whole wider community that we didn't know and over this last year we've just been completely like embraced by them it's kind of amazing," she says.
Appell is not the only one. Almost everyone at the event moved to New Hampshire in the last three years – many in the last six months. In that short time, they'll tell you emphatically, they have come to love each other and their community, perhaps even more than they dislike taxes.
Copyright 2020 New Hampshire Public Radio. To see more, visit New Hampshire Public Radio. | <urn:uuid:e98f4cb4-f1ff-4e22-9f65-ad40344c43c7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wfit.org/2012-11-25/n-h-group-says-people-not-taxes-should-help-needy | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.98021 | 791 | 1.929688 | 2 |
Action Alert: Nurses urge Prime Minister Harper and President Obama to show strong leadership on climate change
U.S. President Barack Obama has put climate change and green energy high on his agenda, and his visit this week to Ottawa presents an opportunity for registered nurses to press this crucial health issue. Please take several minutes right now to send President Obama and Prime Minister Stephen Harper a message calling for more urgent action on climate change. Below, we show you how to do that easily.
There is no more debate. Climate change experts broadly agree that the planet is warming, and that the primary cause of observed warming since the mid 19th century is human activity, including emissions of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide (CO2). The result is increased threats to human and environmental health, due to more extreme weather events and heat waves, poorer air quality, and the spread of certain vector-, rodent-, food- and water -borne diseases.
President Obama has made major green energy commitments (about $50 billion over 12 to 18 months, or about four times as much per capita as Prime Minister Harper promised). However, the President’s 2020 emission target is even less ambitious than the Prime Minister’s: reduce emissions to 1990 levels, and not 25 per cent below.
It’s time for leadership on climate change.
Today’s the day to send a message for action on climate change. President Obama and Prime Minister Harper are together on the same stage. Please send a letter now to ask the Prime Minister and President to show leadership on climate change by committing to much deeper cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. You may edit the letter or send it as is. Please remember to insert your name at the bottom of the letter.
This letter will be copied to Michael Ignatieff (Leader of the Liberal Party) and Jack Layton (Leader of the NDP).
Should you have any questions, please contact
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2007). Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report: Summary for
Romm, J. (2009). "The United States Needs a Tougher Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Target for 2020," January 13, Centre for American Progress. To view the document, please go to this link | <urn:uuid:acc64752-ae5c-4d28-8487-5cf23d830ab1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://rnao.ca/fr/policy/action-alerts/action-alert-nurses-urge-prime-minister-harper-and-president-obama-show-strong- | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00539-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.929361 | 455 | 2.25 | 2 |
Around the world, Google employees protested inequality and sexual harassment by walking off their jobs at 11:10 A.M. on Nov. 1.
The protest was widely viewed as a response to reports of Google executives engaging in sexual misconduct. A recent article in the New York Times named Andy Rubin, who ran Google’s Android division before leaving in 2014, and Google X head Richard DeVaul as executives who behaved inappropriately with employees and job candidates. (In a Tweet, Rubin denied the Times report, saying it was riddled with “numerous inaccuracies”; DeVaul resigned.)
As listed in an essay in The Cut, the organizers of the Google walkout itemized their demands to Google’s leadership:
- An end to forced arbitration in cases of harassment and discrimination.
- A commitment to end pay and opportunity inequality.
- The issuing of a publicly disclosed sexual harassment transparency report.
- A clear, uniform process for reporting sexual misconduct.
- A restructuring to make the Chief Diversity Officer report to the CEO.
- The appointment of an Employee Representative to Google’s Board.
“A company is nothing without its workers. From the moment we start at Google we’re told that we aren’t just employees; we’re owners,” the essay concluded. “Every person who walked out today is an owner, and the owners say: Time’s up.”
Were Google to agree to these demands, the presence of a powerful Chief Diversity Officer and Employee Representative would (theoretically) make high-level management more aware of ongoing cultural issues. If Google issued a “sexual harassment transparency report,” it would likely resemble the annual report that the company already issues for employee diversity.
Google has pledged to listen, and its executives have reportedly apologized to employees during internal meetings. “Employees have raised constructive ideas for how we can improve our policies and our processes going forward,” Google CEO Sundar Pichai wrote in a statement emailed to the media. “We are taking in all their feedback so we can turn these ideas into action.”
The big question is whether Google will translate those walkout-related assurances into real, lasting policy—and if other companies will follow its lead. If they do, it could radically change the culture within the tech industry. | <urn:uuid:aee19589-14c8-43b2-a17b-16134c28a1c9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://insights.dice.com/2018/11/02/what-the-google-employee-walkout-could-mean-for-tech/?ads_kw=Google+walkout | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.949481 | 487 | 1.9375 | 2 |
January 18, 2014
Taking photographs to help share beautiful images of the natural world. Conservation photography might also include taking pictures of areas of concern perhaps where human neglect or intervention has resulted in habitat destruction. Images can help to raise awareness and great appreciation.
I love taking pictures while hiking of birds, plants, insects and other wildlife.
I used to work in a black and white photo lab. Now I'm a biology teacher. I continue to take pictures. | <urn:uuid:9d40fd03-1d82-42fb-9c9d-a45ba2fde2bd> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.meetup.com/EcoSee/members/14391489/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280587.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00556-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942779 | 93 | 1.929688 | 2 |
There were no special researchers on marine mammals on board of Norwegian vessels during ecosystem survey. However, the Norwegian observers of seabirds on boards «Eros», «Johan Hjort», and «Helmer Hansen», as far as possible in parallel also did observations of marine mammals.
8 species of marine mammals were observed during the observation period in the research area, reaching a total of 899 individuals.
The most observed species was white-beaked dolphin (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) (68.4% of all recordings). This species had a wide distribution in the research area (Figure 3.8.1). The most frequent observations of this dolphins were in areas close to obser ations of capelin, polar cod and Northeast Arctic cod aggregations with different densities, and this were in the western, central and eastern parts of the Barents Sea between 74°–80°N.
Other observations toothed whales, besides white-beaked dolphin, consisted of two groups of Atlantic white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus acutus) to the south of Spitsbergen. Previous years, this dolphin was not recorded in the Barents Sea during the research period. Also, one killer whale (Orcinus orca) and two harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) were observed.
Out of the baleen whales of research area, minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata), humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) and fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) (in total about 28.5% of all animals) were observed (Figure3.8.1). Minke whale were recorded mainly in the western, northern and southeastern parts of the research area. The densest concentrations of this species was seen on the southern ridge of Novaya Zemlya Archipelago coast in the herring aggregations that were observed, as well as on the southern tip of Spitsbergen and in the Great Bank area in capelin aggregations. In the northeastern parts of the Barents Sea minke whale were found in aggregations of juvenile polar cod and capelin, and in the southeast part of the Barents Sea it was in aggregations of juvenile cod, herring and other fish.
Recordings of the main groups of humpback whale were in the areas adjacent to the southern tip of Spitsbergen and in the Great Bank area, in capelin aggregations. Fin whale observed in the northern and western regions of the research area together with humpback whale and minke whale.
As a result of conducted study, main points of marine mammal research during Barents Sea ecosystem survey in August-September 2016 can be condensed to following:
- the main groups of humpback and fin whales were feeding at concentrations of capelin, primarily in areas south of Spitsbergen and on the Great Bank;
- other marine mammals in the Barents Sea were observed at concentrations of polar cod, capelin, herring, and cod fish;
- when compared with the last year, there was a decrease in the number of registered humpback whales by almost sevenfold;
- the Russian vessel «Fridtjof Nansen» did not fully cover the southern regions of the Barents Sea, and thus, data on the occurrence of the harbour porpoise was not received;
- total expert estimate of the number of main species of cetaceans in the whole area of the Barents Sea in August-September 2016 was estimated at 82.5 thousand individuals. | <urn:uuid:a44ed439-84f4-440d-83aa-1db5cfd4f4ad> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.barentsportal.com/barentsportal/index.php/en/status-2017/246-biotic-ecosystem-components-data-from-2016/marine-mammals-2016/890-marine-mammals | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572870.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817062258-20220817092258-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.956118 | 761 | 2.78125 | 3 |
For buddhahood, the goal to be achieved,
The supreme instrument is bodhichitta,
Gained through four unbounded attitudes.
And as this wondrous chariot makes its way
In aspiration and in action, it causes the inferior view, the wish for one’s own peace, to wane.
from the book Treasury of Precious Qualities
Read a random quote or see all quotes by Jigme Lingpa. | <urn:uuid:de706af2-5ce1-402d-ada0-b54d9bc410f5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://justdharma.org/bodhicitta-jigme-lingpa/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00069.warc.gz | en | 0.869236 | 101 | 1.554688 | 2 |
America's #1 flute specialty house since 1983.
Composer, conductor, teacher and flutist, Taffanel is considered one of the founders of the French Flute School that has dominated much of the flute compositions and performances. He also is credited for re-introducing into required repertoire at the Paris Conservatory the music of JS Bach and other composers of the 18th century. Founding the Society of Chamber Music for Wind Instruments in 1879, he revived the chamber music of Beethoven and Mozart, along with encouraging new works for this ensemble. This quintette is considered one of the standard repertoire for wind quintets, and has three movements: Allegro con moto, Andante and Vivace. | <urn:uuid:4defee63-bfb7-4e8a-a7f9-55dbba08bf91> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.fluteworld.com/Quintette-Pour-Instruments-a-Vent-sc-and-pts-.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00200-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954962 | 151 | 1.90625 | 2 |
What are dental bridges used for?
It is vital to replace missing teeth in the smile as soon as possible. This can help you avoid issues such as shifting teeth or the poor function of the smile. However, some patients may not be sure how they want to replace these teeth. Dental bridges are one of several options that patients should consider when thinking about replacing missing teeth. Dr. Cheng Zhu and his team at Pleasant Hill Dental in Pleasant Hill, California, can educate you on the benefits of dental bridges and determine if you are a good fit for this restoration.
What is a bridge, and how does it work?
Dr. Cheng Zhu describes the dental bridge as a prosthetic tooth, or several teeth used to fill in the space created by a missing tooth or teeth. Dental bridges are usually made of porcelain or ceramic materials and are supported by natural teeth, implants, or a combination of both.
Our team at Pleasant Hill Dental offers the following advice for patients considering dental bridges:
- Talk to Dr. Zhu and his team about whether dental bridges are suitable for you. Our dentist can assist you in weighing the pros and cons of dental bridges and other treatment options.
- Get a complete oral examination and have your teeth cleaned before doing any type of bridgework. That will help ensure that your mouth is healthy and ready for the procedure.
- Be sure to ask Dr. Zhu about the different types of dental bridges and which one would be best for you. There are many options available, and he can help you choose the right one for your needs.
- Be prepared to have dental bridges for a long time. With proper care, they can last for many years before being replaced.
Connect with Dr. Cheng Zhu of Pleasant Hill Dental today
If you are thinking about your options for tooth replacement, talking with a restorative dentist in the Pleasant Hill, CA area is your first step towards repair. Call our practice at (925) 692-2010 to request an appointment at 1894 Contra Costa Boulevard and speak with our friendly front office team. We welcome both new and returning patients into our general dentistry practice.
A bridge is a non-surgical way to replace one or many teeth. A bridge uses the adjacent teeth as anchors to support the missing tooth or teeth. With today’s dental advancements, a bridge can be fabricated in a fairly short period of time, using a metal or nonmetal foundation. Don’t let that missing tooth affect the way you speak, eat, and smile. Bridges yield immediate results that last a lifetime. Ask your dentist what type of bridge may be right for you. | <urn:uuid:5c98a114-aeef-4e93-83d0-b777794862a6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.pleasanthilldental.com/dental-bridges/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571719.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812140019-20220812170019-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.939318 | 542 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Roasting Brussels sprouts is fabulous, but using them raw in a salad provides a fantastic crunch and works especially well in a kale salad. Cut off the woody finishes and get rid of the difficult outside leaves. Slice them super thinly with a knife or on a mandolin. Every Brussels sprout goes a really long way. For this salad, including just 4 thinly sliced ones will make a large impact.
Fragrance oil tends to make candles smell lovely. However, when you add the oil can make a large difference in the way that it smells. Most wax melts at about one hundred twenty five to one hundred thirty five levels Fahrenheit (that is fifty two to fifty seven Celsius). Nevertheless, numerous people discover that a much greater temperature leads to better aroma displacement. 180 degrees Fahrenheit or eighty two Celsius allows the oil to absorb better.
There are a hundred and 1 methods of beautifying a backyard. Other people will go the additional mile in buying fixtures and additions that will improve the elegance of their own tranquil abode. In the meantime, there are these who would rather beautify it on their personal.
Rule number 1, tuck your left thumb powering your left fingers at all times. The thumb could be cut badly, if you forget to do this. Visualize a half inch, hunk of thumb rolling throughout your visit the site and counter!
Some people think that the dressing has to be massaged into the raw kale to soften it. I DO mix the dressing in by hand, just to get it in all the nooks and crannies, but I’ve never found that actually massaging it in tends to make a difference.
All uncooked vegetables or fruits should be scrubbed prior to they are eaten. Berries and other foods that cannot be washed nicely need to be averted. Melons and other fruits or veggies that have a tough skin must be scrubbed utilizing a clean vegetable brush prior to acacia stakes cutting.
Alternately you can reduce the 2nd crust dough in slim strips. Lay fifty percent of the strips more than the pie filling in one direction and then lay the other half crossing them, to make a lattice type crust.
Boiling and other lengthy cooking procedures remove some of the vital vitamins contained in vegetables. Quick cooking methods should be used when cooking vegetables so that their nutritional value can stay in-tacked.
I adore the colour and 1 of my favorite shops, Crate and Barrel now has a line of eco-friendly tableware products. I lately bought stemless glassware in a very pretty green for entertaining. They cost $4.ninety five per glass but just look beautiful at cocktail parties. They are made of 100%25 recycled glass and are dishwasher safe.
Raiders of the Lost Ark was a thrilling film, but what Indiana Jones kind-of discovered was not the Ark of the Covenant. Right here are some clues that might assist you resolve the best historical thriller of all occasions.
We depend upon Jesus for everything acacia stakes – for bread – for forgiveness – for mercy. We rely on Jesus Christ for every thing – and when He taught his chosen men to pray, He taught them to pray for sufficient bread for the subsequent 24 hrs.
On this same note, clean as you go. If you need to chop vegetables and then boil them, use the time you have while waiting around for the water to wipe down the visit the site. Maintaining your function surface thoroughly clean and orderly will permit you to save time.
“Mush” the bag about so that the marinade gets thoroughly more than the steak. Put the bag into the bowl, making acacia poles certain the steak is submerged, and leave for at minimum eight hours or overnight. Flip the steak more than at minimum once.
At 1 time, the Israelites waged war towards the Philistines, but were slaughtered. The Ark was brought up to inspire a second attempt. Again, the Israelites had been defeated; and the Ark carried absent by the Philistines.
It’s essential to keep some resources of meals in your car. Of course, you require to be aware of shelf life issues, especially if its during the hotter months. I recommend some of the emergency meals ration bars or MRE’s. Dehydrated meals or jerky is also a fantastic option. I also maintain a couple of army issue mess kits with utensils and a small visit the site in my pack.
If you are creating a pie from scratch why purchase prepackaged industrial pie crust? Pie crust can be a little tricky but it’s affordable to make. With a small practice you can be turning out great pie crusts and conserving your self some large bucks. Most pie crust recipes are good for fruit or meat pies this kind of as chicken pot pie. It’s the filling that decides whether or not you consume them for dessert or supper.
The second station is at the sink. Following the corn has been cooked for 5 minutes, take it out and place it in awesome water so that it will awesome down a little bit. This is sort of a double station simply because after it’s cooled for a couple of minutes, it can be taken out of the drinking water and place in a strainer or on a paper towel to dry off a small. | <urn:uuid:deef7c33-fb7b-4433-8a77-8df932e52836> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.britishbusinessblog.co.uk/how-to-use-lemon-juice-to-thoroughly-clean-about-the-kitchen-area-30/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00070.warc.gz | en | 0.945065 | 1,094 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Mairi MacArthur looks at two place-names – one on land, one at sea – and wonders if, and how, they may be related.
Our December Name of the Month featured Brown’s Rock on which a schooner, The Guy Mannering, foundered on the last day of 1865. Seven islanders were recognised by the Royal Humane Society for their bravery in rescuing crew and passengers. John Campbell, awarded a bronze medal, lived closer than anyone to the scene of the tragedy. Then in his 30s, he was the shepherd for the West End grazings and lived above the shore at the southern end of the Machair, in a house named Culdamh. (NM 26827 23342)
This was one of 30 crofts created around 1802, to provide tenants with individual holdings. In 1836 Iona’s parish minister recorded the name of Malcolm MacInnes, crofter at ‘Cultaimph’ when registering the marriages of two offspring. He was the first tenant but left the island in the 1840s. In 1851 a baptism was registered at ‘Cultaimph’ for Colin Cameron, whose father then held a half-share in the croft along with Colin Campbell, who had moved from nearby Culbhuirg around 1847. The Camerons emigrated a few years later but the Campbells stayed and the house has remained in that family’s hands to this day. The Census for 1851 gave the name as ‘Cultaimh’ and from 1861-1911 as ‘Culdamph’. The 1881 and 1900 OS 6 inch maps spelled the name ‘Culdamh’, which is the form now used on the island.
I had long assumed that the first tenants of Culdamh followed the local practice of naming their holding after a nearby land or coastal feature – in this case the broad stretch of water in full view of the house, recorded in the 1928 Ritchie map Appendix as: ‘Camus Cul an taibh. The bay at the back of the ocean,…’ Gaelic ‘cùl’ means ‘the back of something’ and ‘taibh’ in the nominative is ‘tabh’, thought to derive from the Norse ‘haf’ for ‘open sea’. So this entry appears to give us a perfect translation. But there is more. After ‘ocean,’ D.Munro Fraser added ‘…or ?Cuildamh bay.’ The question mark implies an alternative interpretation: that the bay was named after the croft house, and not the other way around.
Also in the 1928 Appendix, D.Munro Fraser gave ‘Cuil-damh. Ox-shelter or -nook’ for the name of the house, taking the first part to be not ‘cùl’ but ‘cùil’ which is a different word meaning ‘nook or corner or recess’. The mention of ‘ox’ brings to mind another spot on Iona’s north-west coast: ‘Carraig an daimh. Rock of the ox’, where a large stony outcrop does resemble a hefty animal. Could today’s Culdamh have started out as ‘Cùil an Daimh’, after some large shape in the hillocks behind the house? But we know that the word ‘cùil’ was in use on the island for other place-names, with the sense of ‘nook or recess’. So a simpler explanation is more likely, given the agricultural importance of the Machair plain over many centuries: a corner of the rocks might well have served as a stall for oxen, ideal beasts for ploughing and drawing heavy loads. This meaning raises yet another question. Was ‘Cuil-damh’ already a field name, in use before the crofts were created? The area is clearly marked as ‘arable’ on the estate map drawn by William Douglas in 1769. And we know of another example: the field name ‘Clachanach’, found on a 1762 document and subsequently used for the nearest croft. (See blog ‘Stones and Stories’, August 2021).
So, turning again to the bay, more tangles emerge as to where and when this was named, or not named, in print. In Antiquities of Iona, published in 1850, Henry D. Graham drew a supremely simple map: the island’s outline plus a few nearby islets and he annotated the sketch with a scant 30 place-names. One of those he listed as ‘Cul Taimh (the Back of the Ocean)–a farm shut in by the hills and sea.’ The farm was correctly placed. But for the sea, bordering it on one side, Graham noted no name at all. From 1848-1854 he lodged in the Free Church Manse, as guest of the Revd Donald McVean and family. McVean had good local knowledge of the island’s history and topography, which he also shared with scholar Dr William Reeves of Dublin whose edition of Adomnan’s Life of Columba was published in 1857. This had a much more detailed map of Iona plus a list of place-names which included, clearly sited on the south-west corner of the Machair, ‘Cultaimh’ and, along the shore-line, a string of named ports, coves and skerries. But again the big bay itself was not named.
However, the first Admiralty Chart for the Sound of Iona was surveyed in 1859. This did the opposite of Reeves: it named none of the small ports along the Machair rim but, out on the water, gave two names: ‘Camus chuil ant Saimh’ and, just north of that, ‘Bogha ant Saimh’ – a bay and a reef both described as ‘of the ocean’. The reef name recurred on chart revisions up until 1933 but disappeared from 1957 onward. Up until that date also, charts recorded ‘Cultaimh’ on the south end of the Machair. On the 1957 version is the note: ‘The topography is taken generally from the Ordnance Survey’. On early charts the surveyors’ names are given but one wonders who they talked to and just how they gathered local information about the myriad inlets and islands, channels and coves all around our seaboard.
Today, ‘The Bay at the Back of the Ocean’ is a widely used English name for the Machair’s broad curve of sand, rock and surf. When it became so popular is harder to pinpoint: the official report of the 1865 shipwreck noted that the captain chose to run the vessel into ‘Machair Bay’; Ellen Murray, in her book Peace and Adventure in 1935, referred to ‘the Camus (Shore)’. The name does not appear at all in the copious antiquarian literature from the 18th to the early 20th centuries, but it has become very common in more recent descriptive or meditative writing about Iona. People like the idea that this great bite out of Iona’s western side lies at the end of a sea stretching from the shores of Labrador. ‘The Bay at the Back of the Ocean’ is an evocative phrase and has become firmly adopted by many as a place-name in its own right. ‘The Bay of the Ox-shelter’ may not have quite the same appeal.
Writers have come up with a curious range of interpretations for this popular Iona beauty spot, for example:
‘The Bay of the Ocean Nook’: (E.C. Trenholme, The Story of Iona, David Douglas, 1909); also in M.E.M. Donaldson, Wanderings in the Western Highlands and Islands, 1920).
‘The bay of the twin’s hiding-place’: (Hamish Haswell-Smith, The Scottish Islands, Canongate Books, 1996).
‘The Bay at the back of the Breaking Waves or The Bay of the Nook of Peace’: (John Murray, Reading the Gaelic Landscape, Whittles Publishing, 2014).
The source of these may lie in Dwelly’s dictionary, where a masculine noun ‘samh’ is defined as ‘surge, crest of white billows’, a feminine noun ‘saimh’ as ‘peace, stillness’, and an obsolete plural noun ‘saimh’ as ‘twins, pair’. And Dwelly also has another masculine noun ‘samh’ meaning ‘stink, odour (e.g. of fish)’ which echoes yet another contender, an entry in the Ordnance Survey Name Book:
Camas Cùil an t-Saimh
Applies to a large bay on the west side of Iona, extending from the Spouting Cave to Eilean Didil; signification: ‘Bay of the nook of the suffocating smell’ (OSNB 1868-1878/argyll-volume-37/26)
These surveyors’ notebooks provided valuable local background for the huge task of mapping Scotland, which began in the mid-19th century. In each area the collectors consulted an ‘Authority’ of inhabitants with knowledge of local features and buildings. The ‘Authority’ for Iona comprised five islanders: Archibald MacDonald, postmaster; John MacDonald, Argyll Hotel; Dugald MacCormick, farmer; James MacArthur, farmer; John McLucas, fisherman, Baile Mòr. Three lived in the village and two were crofters in the west end of the island. They will all have been familiar with the regular task of gathering seaweed to fertilise fields and village potato plots. Rights of access to particular shores were jealously guarded. Blows may even have been exchanged as 19th century bard Angus Lamont implied in Oran do’n Chladach Fheamuin, his poem about arguments on the ‘seaweed shore’ –specifically at Ceann Anndraidh at the north end of the Camus. Seaware piled up for any length of time in the several gullies along that bay may well have produced ‘a suffocating smell’. Or perhaps it was the local fellows’ nick-name for the place. Either way, I rather like this down-to-earth explanation.
The above discussion shows that this is a difficult pair of names for our Iona survey to deal with, unless further research yields more clues for one or both places: eg a written form for Culdamh from the 18th century or earlier since, at present, it is hard to be absolutely certain how the original name was spelled and, therefore, what it meant. Or, if a name for the bay prior to 1859 comes to light, that would also be helpful. Perhaps, we should also explore whether the Admiralty used the term ‘an t-saimh’ for ‘ocean’ elsewhere and if, with only an oral source on Iona, they assumed that this was the word they were hearing after ‘camus’.
If the names are linked, the case for which came first appears stronger for Culdamh, a place of many spellings in the past but which has clear links with agriculture and thus with generations of people who lived on Iona. The big bay gave the inhabitants access to fish, driftwood and seaweed and so, for it to be called after the nearest holding to landward also makes sense.
Or, do the two names not actually relate to each other after all?
Many thanks for comments, photos and additional information to members of the project team and to Fiona Kyle and Kirsty Hinks, of the Campbell family. And in affectionate memory of Sheila McRae, Anna Campbell and Johnnie Campbell, the Culdamh bard. | <urn:uuid:59a782a1-b41a-47f5-a69b-a80be8ab961a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://iona-placenames.glasgow.ac.uk/culdamh-and-the-camus-which-came-first/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.953104 | 2,625 | 2.984375 | 3 |
March 11, 2014
MADISON - The 2014 Wisconsin Fishing Report, a fishing calendar, and regulations for hook and line and inland trout fishing are now available online to help anglers start planning their fishing trips. Fishing licenses for the 2014-15 season went on sale March 5.
"Wisconsin's a great place to fish and we hope these pieces can help make your fishing a little easier," says Karl Scheidegger, a Department of Natural Resources fisheries biologist who leads DNR fisheries outreach efforts.
The annual 16-page 2014 Fishing Report compiles fishing forecasts submitted by DNR fisheries biologists and shares information about the number and sizes of fish they found during population surveys on a wide range of waters across the state. The forecasts are organized by species and alphabetically by county name.
The 2014 Fishing Report is also available in print at DNR Service Centers and will be inserted into the April issue of Wisconsin Natural Resources magazine.
Subscribe to the magazine any time in the next six weeks to get that issue and the report delivered to your mailbox. The magazine is $8.97 for one year, six issues; $15.97 for two years and 12 issues, and $21.97 for three years.)
Again this year anglers can download and print off a color Making Fishing Better calendar with important fishing dates; moon phases; game fish identification tips; and monthly forecasts.
The calendar highlights the work of fisheries biologists as they continue to make fishing better for state anglers.
Also now online: the Guide to Wisconsin Hook and Line Fishing Regulations 2014-2015 and the Guide to Wisconsin Trout Fishing Regulations 2014-2015.
New this year: the largemouth bass harvest season opens statewide in Wisconsin on May 3, with anglers now able to keep largemouth 14 inches and over in what's long been known as the northern bass zone. Smallmouth bass are still catch and release from May 3 through June 20 in that zone, with the harvest season on smallies opening June 21.
FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT: Karl Scheidegger (608) 267-9426 | <urn:uuid:19760ceb-f922-4b90-992b-a7b03b88fea3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dnr.wi.gov/news/Weekly/article/?id=2858 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.941816 | 420 | 1.773438 | 2 |
According to the 2018 NYC Volunteers Count report an estimated 600,000 people volunteered their time to uplift a fellow New Yorker. Of those, 65% chose to directly impact their neighborhoods by volunteering for a local community-based organization.
Every day, we witness the power of volunteers who have identified community-wide concerns and are taking actions. These actions make our work possible and helps us service over 14,000 clients annually.
Read below for an update on the milestones you’ve helped us accomplish, a celebration of an unlikely partnership, and why volunteering your time can lead to new relationships, understanding of barriers, and more importantly – can support someone’s empowerment. On this Martin Luther King Jr.’s day, we reflect on the power of community action.
Honoring MLK Day of Service
In 1983, legistation was signed to honor the life of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and designate a national day of service. The day’s slogan is “Make it a day on, not a day off.” During these challenging times, the work must continue.
Soon, it will be a year since the pandemic began impacting our lives. As we reflect on a year filled with challenges and grief, we are reminded of the positive effect that strong community-wide efforts have. In 2020, you helped NMIC fight food insecurity by giving almost 700 hours of service. Of those who volunteered during our food pantry, more than half are recurring – volunteering two or more times. You distributed over 77,000 pounds of food to local families in need.
We were flooded with requests from local community members and businesses who wanted to help. High-skilled volunteers donated their expertise to bring awareness to the unique experiences of our clients. We are truly grateful to everyone who took the time to share our content, volunteer their time, give advice, send a donation, and make a connection.
Our community is resilient. There is more to be done and we know you will meet this moment. If you are interested in getting involved, email us at firstname.lastname@example.org.
Volunteer Spotlight – Meet Caleb
Even as a freshman in high school, Caleb finds the time to volunteer – all while completing his school assigned reading.
“I came to NMIC when Fort Washington Collegiate Church put out the call for volunteers. I keep coming back to NMIC, because I realized that it’s easy to make a difference right in my neighborhood. Especially during COVID, people need help more than ever. And I am proud to do this.” Caleb, we are proud of you!
The Hungry Pet Project
We have seen images of, or personally experienced, extensive blocks-long lines of people waiting to pick up food at their local pantry. What is not often shown is how food insecurity is affecting our furry friends: family pets. A few months ago, we were approached by The Hungry Pet Project, Partnership for Shelter Animals NYC to distribute cat and dog food to families facing insecurity. A one-time donation evolved into a partnership that has now allowed us to provide a source of dependable pet food to our clients.
The partnership’s goal is to help keep pets in their homes. According to The Hungry Pet Project, “No one should have to choose between feeding themselves or feeding their pets.” And what might a dog say before eating? Bone Appetite!
If you’d like to help, you can purchase items from the Amazon Wish List curated by The Hungry Pet Project.
Yours in Community, | <urn:uuid:07528d00-afaa-4a49-a837-6b9e27acd516> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nmic.org/es/januarys-notes-from-nmic/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.960582 | 747 | 1.671875 | 2 |
An estimated 18,000 people lost their lives in the double disaster which struck Japan on 11 March (11).
The Wall Street legend, who recently overcame a battle with cancer, joined U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon at the United Nations headquarters in New York on Thursday (24Mar11) and offered his heartfelt thoughts to those affected by the tragedies.
Douglas’ appearance coincided with the launch of a new exhibit of petitions calling on world leaders to ban the use of nuclear weapons as a result of Japan’s nuclear crisis following the Asian disasters.
He said, “Our hearts go out to the Japanese people as they deal with this catastrophe. The Japanese have a history of rebuilding their country after natural and man-made catastrophes.” | <urn:uuid:b9bc0946-e13b-4955-91e3-67bc21eaa60a> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.hollywood.com/general/douglas-sends-condolences-to-japanese-survivors-57271055/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718866.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00003-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965053 | 159 | 1.804688 | 2 |
NewsLion Fall 2016
NewsLion Fall 2016
Fall Fair coming Saturday October 15th, 2016 from 10:00 AM to 4:00PM
The theme for this year’s Community, Culture, and Technology Fair for people who are blind, visually impaired or physically disabled is “Hands On! Exploration, Creation, and Education.” We’re taking over both floors this time, and are proud to be offering a round of creative workshops as well as speakers, and tablers are bringing hands-on elements and activities.
We’re expecting around 15 new community organizations, accessible recreation groups, and cultural institutions to be here for the first time this year, in addition we usually have around 25 fabulous repeat tablers sharing their newest events, activities, services, and tech. Major local museums will talk about their accessible tours, programs, and exhibits, and IDNYC will show you how to get free memberships to many of NYC’s premier cultural institutions. Some of our new presenters include the Whitney Museum, Queens Museum, and American Museum of Natural History, Historic House Trust, Google, TDF, Bob Paradiso (on creating your own accessibility), Accessible Gaming (From Brooklyn Public Library with help from Able Gamers), and Hadley Institute for the Blind and Visually Impaired
Come to the workshop and speaker sessions to try out basic electronics building on an Arduino and see if you’d like to learn to code. Draw with our 3D plastic creation pen to build touchable objects, or check out some relaxing, accessible origami. Hear celebrated local author Lloyd Burlingame speak about his newly recorded third book “A Blessing Well Disguised” or try out brand new, accessible, high and low technology, home living aides, and apps from equipment vendors. Meet the Hadley Institute and learn about their suite of online audio courses and webinars, including their entrepreneurship and small business center, family education, and low-vision focus webinars.
We’ll have free library totebags, snacks, and new surprises while they last. No registration is necessary for this free fair open to the public. Hope to see you there.
Do You Know About All Our Many Library Service Options?
To order books, you can go to our website talkingbooks.nypl.org to access the PAWS catalog and search, browse, and order books for yourself. Call us to get a password the first time you sign in. You can also always call 212-206-5400, or email us at firstname.lastname@example.org with requests or reference questions.
You should be getting our catalog of new books every two months either in large print or audio and can use the order forms that come with them to request new titles. If you don’t want to wait for specific titles, we’re happy to set you up with automatic service and continually send you books in your favorite genres or subject areas.
You can also download books directly from the BARD website onto a flashdrive to play in our book player, or use our free app BARD Mobile to download and listen to titles directly on your mobile device or tablet.
Also remember that many magazines - including The New York Times Book Review, People, Martha Stewart Living, National Baseball League, Poetry, Rolling Stone, and National Geographic - are available from us in audio or braille and can be found in the back of our catalog, or call us for information.
Lastly, if there’s a title you want that we do not have at the library, check Bookshare.org, as we offer free memberships to their library of over 400,000 titles.
Opera Concert Series:
Select Monthly Saturdays, 1:00 PM – 4:00 PM
The New York Opera Forum performs complete concert versions of operas with piano accompaniment. Programs with act-by-act plot summaries will be provided in large print and braille.
Saturday, October 29 : Lucrezia Borgia. By Donizetti. A melodrama of royalty in 16th century Venice.
Saturday November 19: Don Carlo. By Verdi. Secret identities, love triangles, and politics. (Will run to 4:30)
Saturday, December 17: Alcina. By Handel. A heroic knight, rescued damsels, sorcery, and flying horses.
Book Discussion Group:
Select Saturdays at 10:30 AM
Our book discussion meetings are always lively, entertaining, and “a must” for book lovers! If you can’t make it to the meetings, ask about participating by phone or Skype. Saturday, October 22: The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time by Mark Haddon, DB56893. Saturday, December 10: “The Martian: A Novel” by Andy Weir, DB78389.
Creative Writing Workshop:
Our workshops in partnership with the New York Writers Coalition (NYWC) are ongoing. Transcribers can be requested. Registration is required. For a list of the upcoming class dates and to register please call 212-621-0624 and leave your name and telephone number. Or email@example.com.
Braille Study Group
Saturdays, 10:00 AM- 12:00 Noon
Join staff, peers and volunteers who can help you with your braille study plan and assignments and recommend strategies for taking your braille proficiency to the next level. Braille games and activities will help you put your skills into practice. This study group welcomes blind and sighted learners alike. If you’re not sure how to begin learning braille, we can help you get started. To register, please call212-621-0627 or email firstname.lastname@example.org.
Citizens’ Advisory Council
Saturday November 5, 11:00 AM – 12:00 PM
We can’t serve you as best as possible without your feedback! Run by you, our patrons, this group meets quarterly to discuss issues, make suggestions, hear news first, and meet staff. All ideas are welcome and refreshments will be served.
Stargardt's Neworking Group
Saturday October 1, 2016, 10:30 AM – 12:00 PM
Saturday December 3, 2016, 10:30 AM – 12:00 PM
Share coping skills, gain new friends, offer emotional support and exchange resources.
Individual Technology Coaching
Want to explore accessible online books and magazines, or use your regular telephone to hear newspapers and magazines read out loud? Would you like to sign up for our Braille and Audio and Reading Download service (BARD), the NFB-Newsline newspaper and magazine program, Bookshare’s digital library of over 400,000 accessible titles, the Learning Ally collection of textbooks, or an NYPL library card? We can help! Volunteer tech coaches are available to assist with email, blogging, learning accessible computer games, using the web, using accessibility software, and more. The coaches read with braille and print, use text-to-speech technology, and speak a variety of languages. To make an appointment, call 212-621-0627 or email ChanceyFleet@nypl.org.
We offer group workshops on a range of technology and information literacy topics. Call 212-621-0627 or email email@example.com to register. Workshops are always free, and you may arrange to participate remotely if you are unable to attend in person. We can also arrange customized workshops on assistive technology, information literacy, and library skills with your school, community group, or organization.
Web Searching for Screen Reader Users
Tuesday October 11, 5:00 PM – 6:45 PM
Learn how to use Google, Bing, or other search engines to find information online. This workshop will focus on how to craft an effective search and navigate the results with your screen reader. We’ll also talk about specialized searches for recipes, news and videos.
What’s New in Windows 10
Tuesday October 25, 5:00 PM – 6:45 PM
Find out about the new look, feel and features in Windows 10. We’ll cover compatibility with popular assistive technology as well as using the Cortana voice assistant, working with Microsoft Edge and understanding changes to menus and file management.
Academic Research Tools at NYPL
Tuesday November 1, 5:00 PM – 6:45 PM
Our accessible databases can help you find, read and cite the sources you need, from historical documents to peer-reviewed journals and contemporary publications. Join us and find out how you can access a world of knowledge.
Voiceover and IOS for Beginners Short Course with Ed Plumacher
Tuesdays, 5:00 - 6:45 PM. Call for dates.
Please sign up for the entire series, which will orient you to your IOS device, from unboxing to getting online, communicating, and organizing your schedule and notes. When registering please let us know if you’ll be bringing your own device or borrowing one of ours.
NVDA: a Free Screen Reader for Windows
Saturday November 5, 12:00 noon – 2:00 PM
Are you curious about how you could use a Windows computer with low or no vision? Do you wish your computer would read long articles and books out loud for you? Learn about a program, created by a team of blind programmers and freely available to anyone in the world, that will make any Windows PC talk. We’ll cover installation, set-up, basic commands for reading, getting online, and getting help.
On the Move: Apps and Strategies for Getting Around and Getting Involved
Thursday November 10, 5:00-6:45 PM
Learn how to use your mobile device or computer to get directions, discover local businesses along with their products and menus, find out which museums and other cultural attractions have accessible programs, and more. See how your mobile phone or tablet can help you figure out which direction you’re traveling in, what intersections and streets are near you, and what’s printed on signs and information in your environment. Make the most of your city!
Introduction to Programming with Arduino
Saturday November 12, 11:00 AM – 4:00 PM
Learn nonvisual techniques for programming a small, affordable computer to do things in the physical world. Arduino can be used for robotics, controlling home appliances, taking environmental measurements, and much more.
What’s New in iOS 10?
Tuesday November 15, 5:00 PM – 6:45 PM
Learn about the fall release of the operating system that runs iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch. We’ll cover mainstream features as well as changes and improvements to accessibility features such as Voiceover, Siri and Zoom.
What’s New in Mac OS Sierra
Tuesday November 22, 5:00 PM – 6:45 PM
Learn about the fall release of the operating system that runs Mac. We’ll cover mainstream features as well as changes and improvements to accessibility features such as Voiceover, Siri and Zoom.
iOS and Anroid Apps for Independence
Tuesday November 29, 5:00 PM – 6:45 PM
Learn about apps on your smartphone or tablet that can help you read text, identify objects, organize paper money, find out what businesses and streets are nearby, and more.
Online Shopping with Accessibility in Mind
Thursday December 1, 5:00 PM – 6:45 PM
Online shopping can be a challenge when you use assistive technology, but it can also be accessible and convenient. Learn about shopping sites and apps that work well with screen readers, including options for household products, accessible tools and gifts, and grocery delivery.
Get to Know Vinux
Saturday December 3, 12:00 PM – 2:00 PM
Have you heard of Linux, but never had the chance to check it out for yourself? Come join us as we take a look at Vinux, a Linux distribution that includes the Orca screen reader and is designed with accessibility in mind. We’ll go over the advantages of working with Vinux, how to install it and use its basic commands.
The AT Crowd: a Place to Talk About and Test New Ideas in Accessible Technology
Saturday December 17, 1:00 PM – 4:00 PM
This quarterly gathering is a chance for designers, developers and students of accessible technology to network with assistive technology users. Come try out accessible apps and services, share your ideas and help shape the future of inclusive technology.
Wednesdays October 12, November 9, December 14, at 3:00 PM. On the second Wednesday of every month join us for a Sensory Storytime! This program uses multiple elements including music, tactile play, fidgets, and relaxed rules. Limited to 12 per session. Call the first of the month to register for that month.
Storytimes with Anthony
Fridays, 11:15 AM. For ages 0-5.
Join us for real aloud storybooks promoting early literacy skills, while having fun and meeting other families.
ON READING: STAFF PICKS FOR THE FALL
Looking for a good book? Here are some that we liked:
Possession by A.S. Byatt. DB 31987 While doing research in London for his dissertation on a Victorian poet, Roland Michell discovers letters that hint at a secret connection with another. He and another scholar explore the mysterious link, and their own burgeoning connection. (Booker Prize winner)
The Spellman Files by Lisa Lutz. DB 78403. Humorous 28-year-old PI Izzy Spellman has worked for her parents' PI firm for sixteen years. Fed up with her eccentric family's prying ways, Izzy agrees to work one last job--an unsolved missing-person case.
An Anthropologist on Mars: Seven Paradoxical Tales by Oliver Sacks. DB 40439. Case histories of people with neurological disorders who reconstruct the world according to their needs. Comfortable with his forty-five years of blindness, one man is confused by the sudden restoration of his sight. An autistic zoology professor is at ease with animals but cannot bear human contact.
Rosemary: The Hidden Kennedy Daughter by Kate Clifford Larson. DB 83946. Historian profiles the little-known older sister of President John F. Kennedy, whose intellectual disabilities were kept secret.
The Scarlet Gospels by Clive Barker. DB 83531. Former cop Harry D’Amour faces off with the demonic Pinhead (famous from the Hellraiser films), after he kidnaps Harry’s friend Norma.
Robert Ludlum's the Bourne Enigma. DB 84632. Russian general Boris Karpov has betrayed his sovereign to warn Bourne of a crippling disaster about to be visited on the world.
HOLIDAYS AND CLOSINGS
The library will be closed for the following holidays:
· Columbus Day, Monday October 10
· Veterans Day, Friday November 11
· Thanksgiving Day, Thursday November 24
· Christmas Eve, Saturday December 24
On days we are closed, you may still leave a telephone message or email us and someone will get back to you as soon as possible after the holidays.
This season we’d like to thank you for using our service and being so lovely to talk to. You make us happy by reading.
Please tell us your general level of satisfaction with our phone and email assistance, reference, and book ordering service, any problems you encounter, and how we can make it better. Please email, write, or call to answer. | <urn:uuid:b323670c-b35b-4bc9-b6fe-a59078b454da> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.nypl.org/about/locations/heiskell/newsletter | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988722951.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183842-00211-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.917344 | 3,243 | 1.6875 | 2 |
- Research article
- Open Access
Two pathways act in an additive rather than obligatorily synergistic fashion to induce systemic acquired resistance and PRgene expression
BMC Plant Biology volume 2, Article number: 9 (2002)
Local infection with necrotizing pathogens induces whole plant immunity to secondary challenge. Pathogenesis-related genes are induced in parallel with this systemic acquired resistance response and thought to be co-regulated. The hypothesis of co-regulation has been challenged by induction of Arabidopsis PR-1 but not systemic acquired resistance in npr1 mutant plants responding to Pseudomonas syringae carrying the avirulence gene avrRpt2. However, experiments with ndr1 mutant plants have revealed major differences between avirulence genes. The ndr1-1 mutation prevents hypersensitive cell death, systemic acquired resistance and PR-1 induction elicited by bacteria carrying avrRpt2. This mutation does not prevent these responses to bacteria carrying avrB.
Systemic acquired resistance, PR-1 induction and PR-5 induction were assessed in comparisons of npr1-2 and ndr1-1 mutant plants, double mutant plants, and wild-type plants. Systemic acquired resistance was displayed by all four plant lines in response to Pseudomonas syringae bacteria carrying avrB. PR-1 induction was partially impaired by either single mutation in response to either bacterial strain, but only fully impaired in the double mutant in response to avrRpt2. PR-5 induction was not fully impaired in any of the mutants in response to either avirulence gene.
Two pathways act additively, rather than in an obligatorily synergistic fashion, to induce systemic acquired resistance, PR-1 and PR-5. One of these pathways is NPR1-independent and depends on signals associated with hypersensitive cell death. The other pathway is dependent on salicylic acid accumulation and acts through NPR1. At least two other pathways also contribute additively to PR-5 induction.
In response to local infection with necrotizing pathogen, plants display a whole plant enhanced immunity to secondary challenge (systemic acquired resistance or SAR) . A characteristic set of genes termed pathogenesis-related (PR) is induced both locally and in distal tissues in parallel with SAR induction . Accumulation of salicylic acid (SA) has been shown to be necessary for induction of SAR .
The Arabidopsis ndr1-1 mutant showed drastically impaired induction of SAR and PR-1 gene expression in response to infection with Pseudomonas syringae bacteria carrying the avirulence (avr) gene avrRpt2. This mutant is also incapable of showing a hypersensitive response (HR) to these bacteria [5, 6] except at very high levels of inoculum . The HR is a macroscopic leaf collapse. The HR occurs in response to infection with avirulent bacteria at levels of inoculum that cause a large percentage of leaf cells to undergo programmed cell death (PCD) . In contrast to results with avrRpt2, P. syringae bacteria carrying the avirulence genes avrB, avrRpm1, avrPphB or avrRps4 elicit an exaggerated HR relative to that on the wild-type Columbia parent [5, 7]. In a study in which bacteria carrying avrB were chosen as a representative member of this class, in further contrast to results with avrRpt2, these bacteria were capable of eliciting SAR and PR-1 induction on ndr1-1 mutant plants .
However, induction of SA accumulation by ndr1-1 mutant plants was impaired at early time points to a similar extent in response to bacteria carrying either avr gene . These results suggested that at least two pathways control SAR and PR-1 gene expression. One pathway is directly dependent on SA accumulation. The second pathway is not directly dependent on SA levels. The correlation between ability to elicit the HR and to elicit SAR and PR-1 induction led to the model that the second pathway was caused by signals associated with hypersensitive cell death. Despite the severe impairment in SA accumulation within the first 12 hours post-inoculation of ndr1 plants, bacteria carrying avrB could nonetheless induce PR gene expression and SAR because of the HR-associated pathway. Bacteria carrying avrRpt2 could not because both pathways were impaired by the ndr1 mutation. This study could not address the question as to whether the HR-associated pathway alone was sufficient to induce SAR and PR-1 because SA accumulation did occur late in the response.
Induction of SAR has been reported to be dependent upon the NPR1 gene [9–11]. In these studies, neither SA/SA analogs nor avirulent bacteria were able to induce SAR on npr1 mutant plants. The biological inducer of SAR tested in these experiments was P. syringae bacteria carrying avrRpt2. In contrast to ndr1 plants, npr1 plants do show the HR in response to P. syringae carrying avrRpt2 (data not shown). These results could be taken to suggest that the HR-associated pathway is not sufficient to induce SAR in the absence of the NPR1-dependent, SA-associated pathway (but see below for why this conclusion is not correct).
In contrast to SAR induction, induction of PR-1 by avirulent bacteria has been shown to occur in npr1 mutants . It is, however, reduced in extent and delayed. If npr1 mutants are indeed fully blocked in SAR induction, then the pathways leading to PR-1 induction can not be the same as those leading to SAR. However, we have argued on the basis of results with ndr1 mutant plants that HR "triggering" in response to the avrRpt2/RPS2 combination is weaker than that in response to avrB/RPM1. Weaker "triggering" results in a lower probability of individual cells undergoing PCD early in the HR, prior to the onset of potentiation caused by increased SA levels [4, 12]. Signaling elicited by avrRpt2 clearly differs in many respects from that directed by the other avr genes. Use of bacteria carrying avrB to elicit SAR would allow a more rigorous test of whether the NPR1-dependent pathway is essential for SAR induction.
To clarify the signaling circuitry governing SAR and PR gene induction, we have constructed a ndr1/npr1 double mutant. This line was compared with wild-type Columbia Arabidopsis and both single mutant lines for the ability to display biological induction of SAR and PR gene expression. We conclude that SAR, PR-1 induction and PR-5 induction are regulated in parallel by the two pathways we have previously delineated , but the effects of these pathways are additive rather than obligatorily synergistic. Moreover, additional pathways also contribute additively to PR-5 induction.
Systemic acquired resistance elicited by DC3000•avrB
If NPR1 is truly essential for SAR , npr1 mutant plants should not be able to undergo SAR in response to P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (hereafter DC3000) carrying avrB. Alternatively, if HR-associated signals leading to SAR act independently of NPR1, DC3000•avrB might be able to elicit SAR on npr1 plants. The results of this experiment are presented in Figure 1. Columbia, wild type plants showed a three order of magnitude reduction in growth of virulent bacteria in plants that had received a prior inoculation with DC3000•avrB. SAR was also displayed by ndr1-1 mutant plants. These results are comparable to those published previously . Clear SAR was also displayed by the npr1-2 mutant. The SAR response was statistically significant (Student's t test, P < 0.05) for all three lines in this experiment and in a replicate experiment. This assay is not sufficiently sensitive to quantitate small differences in SAR between the lines. However, it is clear that all three lines did display SAR. As it is likely that both mutant lines are null alleles (previously established for ndr1-1 and argued below for npr1-2), the hypothesis that NPR1 is essential for SAR is thus rejected.
To test epistasis relationships between these mutants, a double mutant was constructed (see Methods). The double mutant was also tested for SAR in response to DC3000•avrB (Figure 1). Statistically significant SAR was seen at the two day time point but not at the four day time point (Student's t test, P < 0.05). In a replicate experiment, SAR was statistically significant only at the four day time point. The combination of the two mutations was thus sufficient to abolish most of the SAR response. Residual SAR may have been due to HR-associated signals in that the double mutant did display a HR to DC3000•avrB. The macroscopic HR phenotype was exaggerated, like that of the ndr1-1 single mutant (data not shown).
Induction of PR-1 gene expression in response to DC3000•avrB and DC3000•avrRpt2
We have previously argued that PR-1 gene expression is controlled by two separate pathways . One pathway results from SA accumulation and is dependent upon the NPR1 gene product. The second pathway results from signals correlated with the HR and is NPR1-independent. The ndr1-1/npr1-2 double mutant was used to further test this hypothesis.
The double mutant, each single mutant and Columbia wild-type plants were infected with 1 × 106 bacteria mL-1. At this level of inoculum, most leaf cells did not undergo PCD (data not shown). Macroscopic tissue collapse was therefore not seen, allowing PR-1 gene expression to be quantitated using Northern blots. The data is presented in Figure 2. Columbia wild-type Arabidopsis showed high levels of PR-1 induction in response to either DC3000•avrB or DC3000•avrRpt2. The level of PR-1 induction shown by either single mutant line in response to either bacterial strain was greatly reduced relative to that shown by Columbia. However, both single mutants still showed PR-1 induction at the two day time point in response to either bacterial strain. The level of PR-1 induction shown by the double mutant in response to DC3000•avrRpt2 was not significantly different from that shown in response to either DC3000•empty vector or the MgCl2 blank (Student's t test, P > 0.05). In this experiment, when there was no PCD and NPR1 activity was blocked by mutation, no induction of PR-1 resulted. By contrast, DC3000•avrB did elicit highly significant PR-1 induction (Student's t test, P < 0.01 for comparison to DC3000•empty vector or blank). As NPR1 activity was blocked by mutation, PCD-associated signals likely explain the residual PR-1 induction. These results confirm the original model that the two pathways for PR-1 induction are additive.
Induction of PR-5 gene expression in response to DC3000•avrB and DC3000•avrRpt2
The two postulated pathways acting in an additive fashion sufficed to explain bacterial induction of SAR and PR-1 gene expression. Experiments were next undertaken to extend the model to the control of PR-5 induction. DC3000•avrRpt2 or DC3000•avrB were inoculated into ndr1-1/npr1-2 double mutant plants, the single mutants, or the Columbia wild type plants. PR-5 gene expression was quantitated by Northern blots. The data is presented in Figure 3. At the one day time point, the double mutant showed significant impairment in PR-5 induction relative to wild type in response to either avirulent bacterial strain (Student's t test, P < 0.05). However, at the two day time point, only the impairment in response to DC3000•avrRpt2 was statistically significant at this level. If the criteria for statistically significant differences was relaxed to P < 0.1, then the same qualitative picture was shown as with PR-1 in comparison of single mutants to wild type Columbia. Columbia plants showed differences at this level of significance from ndr1-1 or npr1-2 plants in induction of PR-5 in response to DC3000•avrRpt2 at both time points. These results are consistent with contributions to PR-5 induction coming from both the HR-associated pathway and the SA/NPR1-dependent pathway. However, PR-5 gene expression occurred in spite of blockade of both pathways in experiments with DC3000•avrRpt2 and the double mutant. This result was very different from what was seen with PR-1 induction or SAR. Clearly, the two pathways we have delineated do not constitute a complete picture of signaling leading to PR-5 gene expression.
PR genes are thought to be tightly associated with SAR because they are co-regulated with SAR [13, 14] and because many PR gene products have been shown to have antimicrobial activity . The complete impairment of npr1 plants in SAR induction as contrasted with a partial impairment in PR-1 induction in response to P. syringae carrying avrRpt2 challenged the hypothesis of co-regulation. However, avrRpt2 was shown to differ markedly from the other characterized P. syringae avr genes in the responses it elicited on ndr1 mutant plants [4, 5, 7]. The apparent challenge to the hypothesis of co-regulation could have been because of the choice of an atypical avr gene. Therefore, SAR and PR gene expression of npr1 mutant plants were assessed in response to a second avr gene (avrB). Markedly different results were obtained. Mutant npr1 plants were not fully impaired in induction of SAR, PR-1 gene expression or PR-5 gene expression in response to P. syringae carrying avrB. These results are consistent with the hypothesis of co-regulation. The apparent NPR1-dependence of SAR induction in response to bacteria carrying avrRpt2 is likely quantitative rather than qualitative.
A potential alternative explanation for these results might be residual function of mutant gene products in the plant lines used. The ndr1-1 mutant is an unambiguous null mutant in that a deletion removes most of the coding region and the proximal promoter region . However, none of the characterized npr1 mutants have a large deletion [15, 16]. As such, attempts to define allelic series have relied upon the level of residual function associated with these mutants in assays of gene expression or fungal disease resistance [15, 16]. However, the complexity of signaling leading to these outputs complicates analyses of these phenotypes. A "null" mutant might still show gene expression or disease resistance caused by pathways that do not require the corresponding gene product.
What is required is an assay where the output is due solely to an NPR1-dependent pathway. The experiment presented in Figure 2 provided such data. The combination of npr1-2 with ndr1-1 in a double mutant prevented the avrRpt2-elicited HR under the conditions used. Under these conditions, DC3000•avrRpt2 failed to elicit any PR-1 gene expression (the level was statistically indistinguishable from that seen with inoculation of a MgCl2 blank). Impairment of SA accumulation in the double mutant (Zhang, Gutsche and Shapiro, manuscript in preparation) resembled that in the ndr1 single mutant at early time points prior to the onset of NPR1-dependent negative feedback on SA accumulation [10, 11]. Nonetheless, SA accumulation likely occurred by the time points taken in SAR and PR gene expression experiments reported herein.
This assay depends solely on NPR1 function. The complete lack of PR-1 induction supports our contention that npr1-2 is indeed a null mutant or perhaps a severe hypomorph. This contention is further supported by published data showing that the npr1-2 allele failed to interact with putative target TGA transcription factor genes in a two-hybrid assay or in an in vivo, reporter gene-based assay . The treatment of npr1-2 seedlings with exogenous SA failed to induce increases in PR-1 gene expression under some experimental conditions albeit not under all conditions . The potential alternative explanation that results presented herein were caused by residual gene product function in the mutant lines used is thus not correct.
The idea that SAR and PR gene expression are co-regulated has also been challenged by experiments with the eds5 and sid2 mutants . These mutants have been implicated in SA biosynthesis. They showed impairments in PR-1 induction in response to bacteria that were very similar to those displayed by ndr1 plants but marginal if any impairment in PR-2 or PR-5 induction. Direct comparison with results presented here required addressing an issue with the potential to affect interpretation of that study. In that study, PR gene expression was quantitated from uninfected parts of leaves that had been infected with 1 × 108 mL-1 DC3000•avrRpt2. This level of inoculum was sufficiently high to cause "false positive" spurious HR-like responses to DC3000•empty vector . Indeed, when sid2 mutant plants were inoculated with 2 × 107 mL-1 DC3000•avrRpt2, no HR was seen (data not shown).
The high levels of inoculum used in the cited study can only be used without causing "false positive" HRs if a bacterial strain that is not a pathogen of Arabidopsis is used to deliver the avr gene product [5, 7]. When sid2 plants were inoculated with 1 × 108 mL-1 of a nonpathogen strain (P. syringae pv. glycinea Race 5) carrying avrRpt2, HRs were seen (data not shown). The identical results with the two bacterial strain backgrounds imply that the cited results with sid2 mutant plants were obtained under conditions in which high levels of bacterial inoculum overcame some effects of the mutation. The ndr1-1 mutation can also be overcome at high levels of inoculum. However, the level at which ndr1-1 phenotypes are overcome is higher than that for sid2 phenotypes in that 1 × 109 mL-1 of a nonpathogen strain carrying avrRpt2 is required to yield reproducible HRs on ndr1-1 plants .
Clearly, the interpretation of results with PR-5 induction depends critically on the experimental design. The relatively unimpaired PR-2 and PR-5 induction in sid2 plants might imply that the HR-associated signals were quantitatively more important than the SA-associated signals. The same two pathways invoked to explain SAR and PR-1 induction could potentially account for PR-2 and PR-5 induction if this assumption were correct.
The results presented herein, however, argue strongly that PR-5 induction is indeed regulated differently than SAR or PR-1 induction. The two pathways identified as making the major contributions to PR-1 and SAR induction were shown to contribute to PR-5 induction. However, significant PR-5 induction occurred in the double mutant in response to DC3000•avrRpt2 (Figure 3). DC3000•avrRpt2 elicited HRs on Columbia or npr1-2 plants but not on ndr1-1 plants or double mutant plants (data not shown). As such, these results can not be explained by HR-associated signals or SA-associated, NPR1-dependent signals. There must be additional pathways contributing to PR-5 induction. This conclusion is consistent with the original interpretation of PR gene expression data in eds5 and sid2 mutants that PR-1 and PR-5 are regulated differently .
The data presented in Figures 2 and 3 suggest that there must be at least two additional pathways contributing to PR-5 induction. DC3000•empty vector did not elicit significant PR-1 induction on the double mutant at either time point (Student's t test, P > 0.05). However, the analogous experiment with PR-5 induction gave the opposite results. Moreover, at both time points, the PR-5 induction elicited by infection with DC3000•empty vector was to a similar extent regardless of allele status at the NDR1 or NPR1 loci (no statistically significant differences, Student's t test, P > 0.05). These bacteria elicited PR-5 gene expression in spite of the absence of a functional avr gene, the absence of PCD, and mutations in both the NPR1 and NDR1 genes. As even E. coli has been shown to induce plant defense-related gene expression , it should not be surprising that bacteria can elicit changes in plant gene expression via many different signaling pathways. Indeed, conserved features of bacteria can act as elicitors of gene expression through pathways distinct from those associated with gene-for-gene disease resistance .
However, an additional pathway leading to PR-5 gene expression that stems from avrRpt2 function must also exist. DC3000•avrRpt2 elicited no statistically significant induction of PR-1 by the double mutant at either time point (Student's t test, P > 0.05). However, clear induction of PR-5 was seen in the analogous experiment. The level of PR-5 induction was higher than in response to DC3000•empty vector (Student's t test, P < 0.05). As the double mutant was susceptible to disease caused by this bacterial strain (data not shown), perhaps this residual gene induction was due to the virulence function of avrRpt2. Mutant npr1 plants have previously been shown to be impaired in induction of PR-1 but not PR-5 in response to virulent bacterial pathogen .
These details are presented in a model of the signaling network for induction of SAR, PR-1 gene expression and PR-5 gene expression by avirulent P. syringae bacteria (Figure 4). We have used a representation scheme proposed recently for plant signal transduction networks that is based on Boolean formalisms used in engineering and computer science . Either of two "generators" shown can elicit signaling. One generator is infection of plants carrying a functional RPS2 allele with bacteria carrying avrRpt2. The second generator is infection of plants carrying a functional RPM1 allele with bacteria carrying avrB. An "or" gate is used to show that either way of eliciting signaling resulted in accumulation of SA. The NDR1 allele status was represented with a "switch". The ndr1-1 allele was pictured as analogous to an electrical switch where the contact is in an open position, impairing early SA accumulation.
The HR progresses more slowly in response to avrRpt2 than in response to avrB[4, 25, 26]. Evidence has been presented, however, that differences between HRs are not merely differences in kinetics . As such, the avrRpt2-elicited HR and the avrB-elicited HR were pictured as two separate components. When assayed under standard conditions, ndr1-1 mutant plants did not show the avrRpt2-elicited HR. An "and" gate was used to show that both infection with bacteria carrying avrRpt2 and early accumulation of SA were needed to give the characteristic, "slow HR". By contrast, ndr1-1 mutant plants did show the HR to bacteria carrying avrB. A straight line that is not connected via a gate to SA accumulation thus leads to "Fast HR-associated signals".
SAR is gated by an "or" gate with three possible inputs. As DC3000•avrB elicited SAR on the ndr1-1/npr1-2 double mutant, neither of these gene products was essential for SAR induction. The early SA accumulation was not likely to have been essential either, because that was markedly impaired by the ndr1-1 mutation. However, the characteristic avrB-elicited, "fast HR" did occur in the double mutant. As such, a straight line deriving from "Fast HR-associated signals" is one of the inputs to this "or" gate. Another input is an "and" gate. The evidence requiring this gate is that SAR elicited by DC3000•avrRpt2 was prevented by either a npr1 mutation or a ndr1 mutation . We conclude that the characteristic avrRpt2-elicited "slow HR" can only contribute to SAR in combination with NPR1-dependent, early SA-elicited signaling, necessitating the "and" gate. The final input is SA-elicited, NPR1-dependent signaling acting alone .
PR-1 induction is also gated by an "or" gate with three alternative inputs. The "Fast HR" alone (this study), the "slow HR" alone , or SA-elicited, NPR1-dependent signaling [9–11] were each sufficient by themselves to give PR-1 induction. Induction of PR-5 gene expression can also be via any of these three inputs acting independently. However, we (this study) and others [19, 20] have presented evidence that other pathways can also contribute to PR-5 induction. As such, PR-5 is gated by an "or" gate. One input is a branch point from the "or" gate leading to PR-1 induction. The second input is pictured as a question mark. Evidence has been presented herein that this second input represents at least two pathways. However, the details of these pathways are not known and are thus not pictured.
No attempt has been made to represent the kinetics of signaling events in Figure 4. Boolean formalism can incorporate kinetic information through use of gating delays. Differential equations-based kinetic modeling is an alternative means of capturing the rich dynamics of signaling networks [28, 29]. As time-resolved data sets become available and feedback loops are delineated, it may be necessary to use these methods to understand system dynamics and control . However, the authors agree with Genoud et. al. (2001) that the scheme used in that work and in Figure 4 of this paper has advantages for representing the topology of signaling networks. This formalism allows clear differentiation of additive from obligatorily synergistic signaling interactions through use of "or" and "and" gates, respectively.
In conclusion, the additive effects of two pathways explain most if not all induction of SAR and PR-1 gene expression by the avirulent bacteria examined. One of these pathways stems from signals associated with hypersensitive cell death and is NPR1-independent. The other pathway stems from SA accumulation and signals through NPR1. By contrast, PR-5 induction by avirulent bacteria involves at least two additional pathways that also act in an additive fashion.
Bacteria and plant growth
Pseudomonas syringae was cultured according to published methods . Arabidopsis was grown in a HTPC walk-in chamber (Conviron, Winnipeg, MN) or a MTR-30 reach-in chamber (Conviron, Winnipeg, MN) as previously described . Columbia, ndr1-1 and ndr1-1/gl-1 seed used were previously described [4, 5]. Seeds of npr1-2 and sid2-1 mutants were generously provided by Dr. Jane Glazebrook (Torrey Mesa Research Institute) and Dr. Christiane Nawrath (University of Fribourg), respectively.
Isolation and validation of the ndr1-1/npr1-2double mutant line
The ndr1-1/npr1-2 double mutant was generated using pollen from a npr1-2 plant to fertilize flowers of a ndr1-1/gl-1 plant. The success of the cross was validated by the hairy (non-glabrous) phenotype of leaves of the F1 plant. DNA was prepared from leaves of 5-week old F2 progeny from this cross for npr1-2 detection or cultured roots grown from F3 seeds for ndr1-1 detection.
The ndr1-1 deletion was detected by Southern blotting done essentially as previously described . To make a radiolabeled probe, part of the NDR1 locus was amplified using ndr1-1 genomic DNA as template. The primers used in the amplification were as follows: 5'-TCCTAAGGTTTCGTTTTGGGTC-3' and 5'-GGGACGGTTTCAATTCTGTGATAG-3'. The resulting PCR product was gel purified. This PCR product was subsequently used as template DNA in a labeling reaction using the Radprime DNA labeling system (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA).
The npr1-2 point mutation was detected using a CAPS (cleaved co-dominant amplified polymorphic sequence) marker . The primers used in PCR were as follows: 5'-CCTGATGTATCTGCTCT-3' and 5'-GCTTAATGCAGATGGTG-3'. The amplified products were cut with FspI to yield a 330 bp fragment and a 134 bp fragment if wild type (NPR1) DNA was used as the template. FspI does not cut DNA amplified from npr1-2 mutant plants.
Systemic acquired resistance experiments
SAR experiments were performed as previously described except that hand inoculation using a syringe was used instead of vacuum infiltration to introduce the challenge pathogen. Triplicate samples of four leaf disks each were used on Day 0, and quintuplicate samples were used on Days 2 and 4. Error bars represent standard deviations of data means. Significance of differences between means at a given time point were determined using Student's t tests. Values of P were read from a t table. A replicate experiment gave comparable results. In accordance with established practice in the field , data was not combined between the two replicate experiments.
Plant growth and inoculations were as described for SAR experiments. Leaf tissue samples were collected at indicated time points. Samples were flash frozen in liquid nitrogen and total RNA was isolated according to Nawrath and Métraux . RNA concentration was determined spectrophotometrically. 25 μg of total RNA was used per lane. Gene specific probes were made from gel-purified DNA fragments using the Radprime DNA labeling system (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). The template DNA used for making probes to detect expression of PR-1, PR-5 and ROC1 (cyclophilin, used to normalize for RNA loading) were PR-1 and PR-5 cDNAs and an EcoRI fragment of pCG22 , respectively. AGI numbers corresponding to the genes used as probes are AT2G19990, AT1G75040 and AT4G38740, respectively. Northern Blots were performed using standard procedures . Quantitation used a Storm PhosphorImager (Amersham Biosciences, Sunnyvale, CA).
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We thank Dr. Jane Glazebrook (Torrey Mesa Research Institute) for seeds of npr1-2, Dr. Christiane Nawrath (University of Fribourg) for seeds of sid2-1, Dr. Charles Gasser (University of California, Davis) for pCG22, Dr. John Ryals (Paradigm Genetics) for the PR-1 and PR-5 cDNAs, Dr. Hui Cao and Dr. Xinnian Dong (Duke University) for developing and suggesting the CAPS marker used to detect the npr1-2 allele and Vikas Agrawal (University of Delaware) for suggestions on the Boolean model of signaling. CZ was supported in part by a predoctoral research assistantship from the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Delaware. This is paper no. 1725 in the Journal Series of the Delaware Agricultural Experiment Station.
CZ isolated the ndr1-1/npr1-2 line used, established homogeneity of both mutations, carried out the PR gene expression studies, and contributed to preparation of the manuscript. AS conceived of the study, performed the genetic cross to make the ndr1-1/npr1-2 line, carried out the SAR experiments, developed the Boolean model of the signaling pathway, and contributed to preparation of the manuscript. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Cite this article
Zhang, C., Shapiro, A.D. Two pathways act in an additive rather than obligatorily synergistic fashion to induce systemic acquired resistance and PRgene expression. BMC Plant Biol 2, 9 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2229-2-9
- Salicylic Acid
- Double Mutant
- Hypersensitive Response
- Mutant Plant
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Rembrandt van Rijn’s paintings made him the star of the seventeenth-century Dutch golden age, but he was also an extraordinarily productive and original printmaker. In more than 300 known etchings, he covered the full range of subjects and styles for which he is celebrated, including self-portraits, scenes from the Bible, landscapes, vignettes of everyday life and character studies. Each of his prints is both a beautiful work in itself and an X-ray of the strategies of composition and scene-setting that went into his paintings. Rembrandt as Printmaker presents 69 of Rembrandt’s finest prints from The British Museum, which is widely considered to hold the world’s broadest collection. It is published on the occasion of the four-hundred-year anniversary of the artist’s birth. | <urn:uuid:3033ab2b-7b3d-4d77-93cb-1ac45efffb4f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.libring.ru/books/3247 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00546-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.906995 | 294 | 1.9375 | 2 |
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The emergence of the Jain community in Bengal has its roots in Murshidabad of the eighteenth century when two distinct waves of migration between 1700 and 1765 marked their settlement and coming to prominence as important actors in the political, economic and social landscape of Bengal. Even though not homogenous in character, the Jains of Murshidabad had one thing in common—a strong sense of community harnessed on religious lines. For the Jains, religion and art cannot be separated as both are profoundly connected with the quest for the ultimate expression of one’s humanity in spiritual liberation.
From the early modern period till now, Murshidabad and the adjoining locations of Azimganj and Jiaganj have served as significant sites of Jain settlement that has contributed to the formation of a ‘religio-aesthetic’ presence of the community in the visual culture of Bengal. Manifesting itself in a conglomerate of temples clustered around these locations, this module does a mapping and a detailed survey of the Jain temples, the Jina figures, and the architecture and material histories of the community in this Azimganj-Jiaganj-Murshidabad complex to further engage with questions of the identity formation of the Jains in Bengal.
Understanding the Jain temple institution of ‘jnan bhandar’ or traditional knowledge warehouses, this module will further explore the temples’ repository of archival and documentary sources to reflect on reconstruction of Jain history on society, religion, philosophy and art from these traditional temple libraries. | <urn:uuid:03c0692c-bf26-4dbc-924f-7ad84c77395f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sahapedia.org/visual-landscape-jainism-early-modern-bengal | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00070.warc.gz | en | 0.929181 | 318 | 3.578125 | 4 |
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Why I Am a Federationist
by Carlos Serván
From the Editor: The following story is reprinted from News from Blind Nebraskans, 2001, Issue 1, a publication of the NFB of Nebraska. Carlos Serván is the President of the NFB of Nebraska and Deputy Director of Vocational Rehabilitation at the Nebraska Commission for the Blind and Visually Impaired. He is a native of Peru and immigrated to the United States several years ago. On Saturday, October 7, 2000, he addressed the NFB of Nebraska convention, relating the moving story of the way he came to terms with his blindness and the way he joined our Federation family. Here is his story:
What we believe about ourselves determines the way we act. What society believes about blindness determines the manner in which people are likely to treat us. In order for the blind to be successful we need first to believe in the philosophy of the National Federation of the Blind. Second we must be able to put this philosophy into practice by learning and mastering the skills of blindness. Finally we must be aware of the general public's misunderstanding about blindness. We cannot permit it to interfere with our journey to success.
In April of 1986, while I was in military training in Peru, a grenade exploded in my right hand. I lost that hand and was blinded immediately. I suddenly learned how differently people treat you when you are blind. I was not included in social events; I was not included in my family's decisions. People felt sorry for me, and my girlfriend left me.
My family started to overprotect me. My brother wanted to help me go up and down stairs, shave me, change my clothes, and give me a bath. I did not even have a chance to try to do things by myself. Furthermore, neighbors and colleagues started to talk to me in a different way as if I had lost my brain along with my eyesight. After I realized that I could not see, I tried to get a job in the police department in communications. I was told that a blind person could not work for the police. People suggested that I become a wine taster or taste chips to determine whether or not they had enough salt. The way in which society thought about blind people was the way they started treating me.
Because I was part of society, I also had misunderstandings about blindness. I lost my dignity, my expectations, and my self-esteem. I thought the only way to get them back was to have my sight restored. In an effort to get my vision back, the Peruvian government sent me to the Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland. I arrived in the USA in April of 1989, had surgery the same month, and was immediately given the negative results. I knew that back in my country I would not be able to find training, nor were there any opportunities for the blind. So I searched for help.
Being in a new country and not knowing much about it (only what I saw on TV, including the way blind people were treated), not speaking any English other than saying "good morning," "good afternoon," and "goodbye," I went to church and prayed. I prayed that I could get some help, prayed that I could have the desire to start all over again, prayed that I could work in a sheltered workshop, that I could stay in a residential home for the blind, where people would take care of me.
My self-esteem was down, and I did not have high expectations at all. I thought that all I could do was to work for a sheltered workshop, maybe making just enough to survive. I did not want to go back to my country because I was ashamed that I could not make anything of my life or do anything for myself because of my blindness. I had already experienced the altered treatment.
After some research my church discovered an organization called the National Federation of the Blind, and a volunteer took me to the National Center. Once I was there, a lady approached me and talked to me. I didn't have any idea what she was saying. Just picture this conversation in your mind. I did not speak any English, and she did not speak any Spanish. This was Mrs. Maurer, and after several attempts to communicate, she gave up and gave me a long white cane and a tape with some literature in Spanish. I thought to myself, "Is this what I get from the most powerful country in the world? Is this what I get for praying--a long white cane and a tape?"
When I went back to the apartment, I borrowed a tape recorder and started to listen to the tape. It contained a couple of articles by Dr. Jernigan, "A Definition of Blindness" and "A Left-Handed Dissertation." Can you imagine what I felt? I started to read and pay attention to every word and sentence. The information that I was processing made me think, and I did not want to miss any of it. It was another blind person telling me that blindness can be reduced to the level of a nuisance, that with proper training and opportunity we can compete on terms of equality, that the real problem was the public's misunderstanding about blindness. He was talking about regular jobs and not just sheltered workshops.
I started to regain dignity. I learned that it is respectable to be blind, that collectively we can change what it means to be blind. Finally, after three years of uncertainty and misleading information, I heard the truth about blindness. Indeed I was making the first step toward success by starting to believe in the philosophy of the NFB. I thanked God for answering my prayers.
I also learned that the National Federation of the Blind is a great family that supports us. Next I was introduced to Eileen Rivera, an NFB member fluent in Spanish, who called me to tell me that Mrs. Maurer had asked her to assist me and inform me that I would be going to New Mexico for training. After all, in New Mexico most people speak Spanish. Each time Eileen called, she gave me more information. I started to wonder how I was going to get to New Mexico. How could I get the money? She told me that she had talked to the Baltimore chapter and that they had collected money from the members to buy me a plane ticket. Also arrangements had been made for me in New Mexico. She told me that the NFB is like a family, and it was conducting itself like one. Even though I never went to a chapter meeting in Baltimore, I felt that I was part of a family.
Once I was in New Mexico, the NFB of New Mexico also collected some money from its members to give to me so that I could attend the National Convention in Denver, Colorado. I did not understand why they wanted to invest time and money in me to take me to the convention. When I arrived in Denver, I understood why. The power of success starts when we care about others.
The convention was full of excitement and things to learn. I met many successful and interesting blind people. I said to myself, "What a great family, and what a powerful and organized collective movement." At the time I did not understand the speeches, but I could feel everything else. As the convention progressed, I noticed the harmonious and enthusiastic feelings and knew that this organization was not passive; a driving force in the movement makes it unstoppable.
Now was the time to put into practice the philosophy, to learn the skills of blindness. I started my training in New Mexico in July of 1989, still not knowing English. I decided to work very hard. I disciplined myself and was determined to learn, worked hard, and had only a few hours of sleep every day. I had to learn English; I had to learn Braille, cane travel and personal independence. I did learn and was ready to start an independent life in America.
In January of 1990 I started an intensive English program at a community college in Albuquerque. During an interview at the college with the office of special services to determine how they could help me, I told them that I wanted to become an administrator and that I wanted to have my law degree. The counselor told me that I would not be able to get my law degree, that it was very difficult to become a lawyer, and that I should think about taking on only a short career. She said that she was from America, English was her first language, and she didn't even think about going to law school. She also said that I seemed intelligent, but I needed to remember also that I was blind. She said, "For a blind person you are doing great, but you have to be realistic." What she meant was that I could not compete with my sighted colleagues, implying that blind people should be measured by different standards, and that I was inferior because I was blind. But this time I was prepared to welcome this challenge and had the tools to deal with it.
Now I knew that it was my choice to determine what would happen with the rest of my life. Once again I worked harder and studied from 8:00 to 1:00 a.m., 10:30 a.m. to 12:30 p.m., 1:30 to 3:30, and 7:00 to 9:00 p.m. Every day I was reading and practicing. By July of that year I learned enough English to pass the English exam for international students and was ready to start college. So I attended college, and my grades were good. Let me tell you, though, during this period I confronted many adversities and obstacles.
However, each time I went to a state or national convention I learned a great deal and recharged my batteries. I became more determined and always tried to remember that "Freedom cannot be given; it must be taken." I became President of the New Mexico Student Division in 1990, and I didn't understand why I was elected. I was ready to decline, but I was told to sit down and shut up. I was honored and privileged to be elected President. This position had a great deal of responsibility, which I was eagerly ready to face. Some leaders told me that the best place to make mistakes was in the student division.
I told Dr. Maurer once, "I was lucky to find the Federation." His reply was, "Carlos, do you know what luck means?" Knowing that he was ready to teach me a lesson, I responded with the usual definition from the dictionary, "Luck means something good that happens to you when you have not planned it or by accident." He paused and said, "Luck is the corner where preparation and opportunity meet."
As an active member of the NFB I was determined to make a difference in my life and the lives of other blind people. In 1990 the University of New Mexico did not permit blind students to choose their own readers, and the recorded books were on two tracks and normal speed. When I asked the counselors about this, they told me that, if I wanted readers, I should take what they gave me. By this time, as you can imagine, I was not prepared to accept this as an answer. The student division organized student seminars to empower our members and educate university officials. We invited the director and counselors of the University of New Mexico Special Services office to discuss issues regarding blind students. They were persuaded, and we were permitted to choose our own readers.
The problem we faced now was that they did not have enough money to buy APH tape recorders and asked us to assist them with many issues regarding blind students. I was a candidate for the Student Senate and was elected. This position enabled me to have more influence with the administration. We approached the president of the university and received the funds to purchase the recorders. Then we approached the other institutions of higher education across the state and accomplished similar outcomes. Needless to say, blind students in New Mexico can now choose their own readers, and university officials are educated about blindness.
However, throughout this time I always remembered that "Freedom cannot be given; it must be taken." As you can see, we can determine our own future. I am a Federationist because of who I am and what I have accomplished. I started out with little or no expectations and absolutely no self-esteem and became aggressively determined and assertive. I completed my bachelor's degree, my master's in administration, and a law degree within seven years and graduated with distinction and honors. In addition, while attending school, I also worked for the Center for the Blind and was active in my community and my family. We of the NFB are seeking complete integration of the blind into society, and in order for us to accomplish this objective, the general public must become aware of the capabilities of the blind.
"The only limit to our realization of tomorrow will be our doubts of today," said Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Have you made your campaign pledge yet? We need everyone's help. The construction cost of our projected National Research and Training Institute for the Blind is eighteen million dollars. Please take this opportunity to complete your pledge form. Without you our job will be just that much harder.
The Campaign To Change What It Means To Be Blind
Capital Campaign Pledge Intention
City, State, and Zip:_______________________
Home Phone: ________________________________
City, State, Zip:___________________________
To support the priorities of the Campaign, I (we) pledge the sum of $___________.
My (our) pledge will be payable in installments of $ __________ over the next ____ years (we encourage pledges paid over five years), beginning _____________, on the following schedule (check one): __ annually, __ semi-annually, __ quarterly, __ monthly
I (we) have enclosed a down payment of $ ________________
___ Gift of stock: _____________________ shares of _____________
___ My employer will match my gift.
Please list (my) our names in all Campaign Reports and on the Campaign Wall of Honor in the appropriate Giving Circle as follows:
__ I (We) wish to remain anonymous.
Signed: ________________________________ Date: __________________
(back) (next) (contents) | <urn:uuid:d73e8c76-8c69-4706-9d52-ecf5444c2bc9> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://nfb.org/Images/nfb/Publications/bm/bm02/bm0201/bm020114.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720238.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00188-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.985921 | 2,918 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Madison, Wisc. (NEWS RELEASE) -- Heat can kill. That's why Chippewa County Emergency Management, Wisconsin Emergency Management, the Wisconsin Department of Health Services and the National Weather Service are reminding people of the dangers associated with extreme heat and to promote community safety and health.
In 2013, Wisconsin had 11 confirmed heat related deaths. Many of those victims were socially isolated maintaining little contact with family and friends. This is why it is vitally important to check in on family, friends, and neighbors during extreme heat, especially those who are particularly vulnerable, like families with very young children, the elderly, and people who are on medications that could make them more susceptible to injury from extreme heat.
In 2012, Wisconsin had confirmed 24 heat related deaths, most occurred during five days of Excessive Heat Warnings from July 2-6. The heat index rose to 105 F degrees for 48 hours with night time lows of 75 F. It was the second hottest and third longest heat wave in Wisconsin. None of the victims had air conditioning and they did not seek shelter at one of the many cooling centers which opened around the state.
In 2011, excessive heat claimed five lives and injured more than 100 people in Wisconsin during the July 17-21 heat wave. Once again none of those victims had air conditioning. The combination of the warm temperatures and high humidity caused the heat index to rise between 100 F and 117 F degrees.
In 1995, two major killer heat waves affected most of Wisconsin resulting in 154 heat-related deaths and over 300 heat-related illnesses.
Summer heat waves have been the biggest weather-related killers in Wisconsin for the past 50 years, far exceeding tornadoes, severe storms and floods combined. Heat is the number one weather-related killer in the United States. People at higher risk of a heat-related illness include:
Infants and young children
People with chronic heart or lung problems
People with disabilities
Those who work outdoors or in hot settings
Users of some medications, especially those taken for mental disorders, movement disorder, allergies, depression, and heart or circulatory problems
People who are socially isolated and don't know when or how to cool off - or when to call for help
Tips to keep safe in hot weather:
1. Never leave children, disabled persons, or pets in a parked car - even briefly. Temperatures in a car can become life threatening within minutes. On an 80-degree day with sunshine, the temperature inside a car even with the windows cracked slightly can rise 20 to 30 degrees above the outside temperature in 10 to 20 minutes. There have been cases where the inside temperature rose 40 degrees!
2. Keep your living space cool. If you have an air conditioner, use it. Cover windows to keep the sun from shining in. If you don't have an air conditioner you should consider going to a community cooling center. If you stay at home, open windows to let air circulate. At extreme high temperatures, a fan loses its ability to effectively reduce heat-related illness. When it's hotter than 95 degrees use fans to blow hot air out of the window rather than to blow hot air on your body.
3. Slow down and limit physical activity. Plan outings or exertion for the early morning or after dark when temperatures are cooler.
4. Drink plenty of water and eat lightly. Don't wait for thirst, but instead drink plenty of water throughout the day. Avoid alcohol or caffeine and stay away from hot, heavy meals.
5. Wear lightweight, loose-fitting, light-colored clothing. Add a hat or umbrella to keep your head cool…and don't forget sunscreen!
6. Don't stop taking medication unless your doctor says you should. Take extra care to stay cool and ask your doctor or pharmacist for any special heat advice.
7. Taking a cool shower or bath will cool you down. A shower or bath will actually work faster than an air conditioner. Applying cold wet rags to the neck, head and limbs also cools down the body quickly. | <urn:uuid:63de6dac-3426-4b9f-8efb-a45aa0e2d0b1> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.weau.com/home/headlines/Wisconsin-Heat-Awareness-Day-262880341.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720000.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00023-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947741 | 827 | 2.703125 | 3 |
ICCSPL provides innovative solutions
for development and impact
Partner to Enterprising People
In order to have a wider outreach and be more effective, we build on and establish new strategic partnerships that go beyond a funding or sub-contracting relation. They involve preferential treatment for joint implementation, conceptual discussion of approaches and joint learning
One of ICCSPL’s core strengths is to co-implement programs. The model works on three factors primarily: The first is the thematic intervention area. ICCSPL broadly takes up initiatives under three core areas, these are: i) Economic empowerment ii) Food & Nutrition Security iii) Responsible business.
ICCSPL offers services in designing of livelihood models based on the Market System Development, Corporate Social Responsibility programme design along with implementation and financial management training. ICCSPL also provides services through the Akvo flow and Really Simple Reporting
Innovative Change Collaborative Services Private Limited (ICCSPL) is a value driven social consulting firm providing technical and knowledge support to individual and organizations to ensure lasting social impact. Through our basket of services, we enable foundations, non-profits, corporates, governments, and social enterprises in India to achieve sustainable development in a just and dignified manner.
ICCSPL specializes in baseline assessment, managing CSR portfolio, carbon neutral value chain analysis, impact assessment, capacity building, community mobilization, market research & analysis, due diligence, and vendor selection & procurement process.
Areas Of Expertise
Program development and management
We co-develop inclusive innovative solutions and inclusive business models to upgrade the agriculture value chains and Clean Energy enterprises. We also assist with program formulation, selection of stakeholders, capacity building and needs assessment for better implementation.
CSR program execution
We co-develop and co-implement CSR programs through innovation and collaboration with multiple stakeholders. Under the CSR initiative, ICCSPL partnered with ONGC and successfully implemented the installation of solar heating system and pumping system along with RO water purifier in three schools of Assam.
Monitoring & Evaluation
We bring in our global expertise of Monitoring and Evaluation, undertake evidence based reporting, develop tracking mechanisms, and set up monitoring information systems to ensure a comprehensive monitoring and evaluation process. For more information please follow the link: https://akvo.org/
Through our globally recognized training tools, we have mastered the art of creating effective tailor-made capacity building modules. ICCSPL strengthens the in-house capacities of NGOs, Government, Corporates and other agencies, helping them add quality and value to their diverse intervention areas. | <urn:uuid:079d0e76-6a86-49fd-969e-440c6c46e52b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://iccspl.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00070.warc.gz | en | 0.901536 | 573 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Africa marks one year today, August 11, 2015, without wild polio. On July 24, 2015, it was one year since the last case of wild poliovirus was found in Nigeria, the only remaining country in Africa where polio had never been stopped. This achievement could signal that the world will soon see a polio-free Africa, a major milestone in global public health. The Rotary Club of Cincinnati has long supported efforts to end this crippling disease, through donations and fundraising efforts.
Rotary — the global organization composed of more than 34,000 community-based Rotary clubs — has been a leader in the fight to eradicate polio since 1985, when it launched PolioPlus, the first global initiative to immunize children against polio. The organization has contributed more than $1.4 billion to efforts to end the disease.
Nigeria’s last polio case occurred on July 24, 2014, in southern Kano state. As a result, the World Health Organization (WHO) may soon remove Nigeria from the list of polio-endemic countries. Africa hasn’t seen a new case since August 11, 2014. When Nigeria and the entire African region go three years without a case of polio, WHO will certify them as polio-free. In 2014, WHO declared India and its Southeast Asia region polio-free.
Despite today’s milestone, experts caution that the world must remain vigilant. The next two years will be critical to ensuring that Nigeria remains on track and keeps polio from returning. The support of donors, governments, and partners like Rotary is needed more than ever to ensure there is no recurrence of the disease.
Beyond Nigeria, Pakistan and Afghanistan are the only countries left where polio has never been stopped. According to experts, eradication efforts will be most challenging in Pakistan, which accounted for nearly 90 percent of the world’s polio cases in 2014. But there has been recent progress. In June, Pakistan reported a decline of more than 70 percent in polio cases in 2015, compared with the same time period last year. Also, Rotary and its partners are implementing innovative new strategies to address the challenges there.
In 1988, there were 350,000 cases of polio annually, in 125 countries — about 1,000 cases per day. Rotary and its partners have reduced that figure by more than 99.9 percent, and in 2014, there were fewer than 400 cases in the entire world.
We encourage you to support Rotary’s efforts to end polio by visiting endpolio.org to learn more. | <urn:uuid:35a65c15-56d5-4e1b-b998-0cb5910b48da> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cincinnatirotary.org/nigeria-goes-one-year-without-a-case-of-polio/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00068.warc.gz | en | 0.960142 | 523 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Make The National Park Our National Park
Sometime this summer, the National Park Service will issue its ten-year management plan for Gateway National Recreation Area, what we all euphemistically know as “Gateway.” There will be public hearings on the plan and locals will have a chance to comment on all the social media outlets. However, the bottom line is that, in the past few years, the park has become less “our park” and more “their park.” We understand that the NPS is under financial pressures and that they can’t just throw money away, but the money issue has placed a wedge between the park and the community in which it is largely located. First, it was the Rockaway Music and Arts Council, a volunteer organization that once provided a Fall Festival and a series of free summer concerts. All those are gone, put out of business by the demand for draconian amounts of money from a nonprofit that ran on a shoestring and is now no more. Then, there was the demand to the Rockaway Little League that it pay a per-square-foot usage fee for its Fort Tilden fields. Those fees are still under negotiation and the issue is in doubt. Perhaps the management plan will clear up the issue, perhaps it will lead to a ban on all organized sports at the park. There is no way of knowing because park officials are tight-lipped on the issue of community involvement in a national park setting. The Rockaway Artists Alliance recently signed a five-year agreement, but only the two parties know what the contract contains, and they are not talking. Now, comes George Kourupis, a Belle Harbor resident who was a youth soccer coach of some note in South Africa. He wants to start a program for kids from St. Francis de Sales, but has no place to play. He asked the NPS for permission to use their unused fields for an hour or two a week and was told that it would cost him $50 an hour for the use of the fields – in a national park that we all support with our tax money. What is that about? It’s about Fort Tilden being treated the same as Grand Canyon or Yellowstone. Once we questioned an NPS official in Washington, D.C. about Fort Tilden and the little league. “Would you want a little league ball field on the rim of the Grand Canyon,” we were asked. When we pointed out that Fort Tilden and the Grand Canyon have little in common, we were told that the views of Manhattan and the Atlantic Ocean from the ball fields was magnificent, we laughed. When we told the official that all you could see from the Fort Tilden ball fields was the Marine Parkway Bridge, she said that we were wrong. The fact is, she was wrong and so are the officials who want to charge Kourupis $50 an hour for a youth soccer program for which he volunteers his own time and money. It is our national park, not those who haven’t any idea of what the park or its surrounding community is all about. | <urn:uuid:aeb50949-66b7-42a7-9e3d-e0fe0aa841d0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.rockawave.com/news/2012-05-11/Editorial%7COpinion/Make_The_National_Park_Our_National_Park.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00483-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.980453 | 640 | 1.757813 | 2 |
"Who is it that this dark night
Underneath my window plaineth?"
It is one who from thy sight
Being, ah, exil'd, disdaineth
Every other vulgar light.
"Why, alas, and are you he?
Be not yet those fancies changed?"
Dear, when you find change in me,
Though from me you be estranged,
Let my change to ruin be.
"Well, in absence this will die;
Leave to see, and leave to wonder."
Absence sure will help, if I
Can learn how myself to sunder
From what in my heart doth lie.
"But time will these thoughts remove;
Time doth work what no man knoweth."
Time doth as the subject prove;
With time still the affection groweth
In the faithful turtle-dove.
"What if you new beauties see?
Will not they stir new affection?"
I will think they pictures be,
Image-like, of saints' perfection,
Poorly counterfeiting thee.
"But your reason's purest light
Bids you leave such minds to nourish."
Dear, do reason no such spite;
Never doth thy beauty flourish
More than in my reason's sight.
"But the wrongs love bears will make
Love at length leave undertaking."
No, the more fools it do shake,
In a ground of so firm making
Deeper still they drive the stake.
"Peace, I think that some give ear!
Come no more, lest I get anger!"
Bliss, I will my bliss forbear;
Fearing, sweet, you to endanger;
But my soul shall harbour there.
"Well, begone; begone, I say,
Lest that Argus' eyes perceive you!"
Oh, unjust Fortune's sway,
Which can make me thus to leave you;
And from louts to run away. | <urn:uuid:05b401fa-1aaa-4f8d-ab94-6e326813148c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://englishliterature.net/sir-philip-sidney/eleventh-song | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.890576 | 413 | 1.765625 | 2 |
For the study, researchers analyzed the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, a national database of 20 percent of all hospital admissions for cardiac arrest to U.S. hospitals from 1990 to 2004. The analysis included 67,554 admissions. Cardiac arrest is when the heart slows or stops working. Brain death can occur in just four to six minutes after cardiac arrest.
The study found people admitted to the hospital on a weekend after an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest were 13.4 percent more likely to die than those people admitted on a weekday. The result remained the same after controlling for hospital size, teaching status, rural hospital compared to urban hospital, region, age, gender and other illnesses.
"A higher death rate among patients admitted on weekends may be due to lack of resources for treating cardiac arrest," said study author Richard M. Dubinsky, MD, MPH, with the University of Kansas Medical Center in Kansas City, and Fellow of the American Academy of Neurology. "It's probable that improved resuscitation efforts in the emergency department and outside of hospitals, such as automatic defibrillators, allow more patients to survive until hospital admission, explaining the increased risk of death from 2000-2004 compared to 1990-1999."
The study also found men were less likely to die after being admitted to the hospital for cardiac arrest than women, and cardiac arrest patients are getting younger. "The average age of a patient admitted to the hospital for cardiac arrest in the early 1990s was 68. The average age dropped to 66.5 years old ten years later," said Dubinsky.
Dubinsky says hospitals need to make more resources available on weekends to improve the likelihood people with cardiac arrest who are admitted on the weekend will survive.
This research was presented at the American Academy of Neurology 60th Anniversary Annual Meeting in Chicago, April 16, 2008.
Adapted from materials provided by American Academy of Neurology. | <urn:uuid:8aa289e3-1894-4b8a-94ef-156f7e2b9081> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://healthmanagement.org/c/icu/news/people-with-cardiac-arrest-less-likely-to-survive-if-admitted-on-weekend-study-shows | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00282-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953222 | 385 | 2.796875 | 3 |
It’s that time of year again—the time when every schoolkid is cherishing those last hours of summer freedom. That’s right. Back to school time is just around the corner. So, before it’s too late, recruit your teens and their neighborhood friends for one last backyard project. There is plenty of outdoor planting to do and the time to do it is now—before fall arrives!
What’s that? You thought spring was the ideal planting season? Most people do. But the truth is, all those April showers can make planting challenging— especially when areas aren’t properly drained. In addition, sudden hot weather often follows the spring rains—and this type of heat and accompanying dry spells can damage new growth. So, mid-August through early October is really the best time for planting in Basking Ridge, NJ since temperatures and moisture levels are more stable (which helps promote root growth). Here are some of the best things to plant in late summer or early fall:
Shrubs and trees. If you’re looking to plant trees, choose conifers or deciduous trees or shrubs. Even those sold at garden centers in burlap or container grown balls do well with early fall planting. Why? Typically, these types have well-developed root systems that can still grow when soil temperatures start to dip. And as always, keep your newly planted saplings well watered!
Vegetables. If you’re looking to plant some veggies that can tolerate the upcoming cooler weather, you’ll do well if you choose the B’s and C’s! Beets, broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower and carrots all do well with fall planting. Leafy greens such as lettuce, kale and spinach are also good “cool season” veggies.
Flowers. Choose perennials such as peonies, pansies and hostas. You can also plant bulbs in the fall designed to bloom in springtime. Spring-blooming bulbs need a cold dormant season prior to blooming.
Aside from planting, there are other tasks that can be accomplished before those back-to-school days arrive. Follow the tips below and you’ll have a thriving, lovely garden to enjoy season after season. If you need assistance, feel free to call our landscape experts!
Need some early fall planting done? Or perhaps you want to add some outdoor lighting to your patio? No problem! From lawn care to landscape design and lighting—whatever your outdoor needs may be, Castle Point Landscape Design is always available to help. Feel free to contact us using our online form! | <urn:uuid:7145ea59-80b3-4b08-bfe8-2aaa34d4c749> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.castlepointlandscape.com/2018/08/13/the-best-time-for-planting-is-now/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572870.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817062258-20220817092258-00667.warc.gz | en | 0.951965 | 542 | 2.015625 | 2 |
is looking to bring its flight and aircraft maintenance training capabilities closer to Russian airlines, with a new training campus scheduled to open in the region in 2015, the airframe manufacturer said Monday, Dec. 16.
Pilot training in a full 777 simulator. Photo, courtesy of Boeing.
Working with Boeing on the project will be the Industrial Investors Group and their subsidiary Transas. Initially, the campus will feature flight, maintenance and specialty training with four simulator bays for Next-Generation 737 and 777 training.
"Airlines in the region will benefit from a technologically advanced training campus staffed by the industry's best qualified and most experienced pilots and instructors," said Sherry Carbary, vice president of Boeing Flight Services.
Boeing's 2013 pilot and technician outlook projects the Commonwealth of Independent States, including Russia, will require 15,200 new airline pilots and 18,000 new technicians over the next 20 years to support an influx of 1,530 new commercial aircraft by 2032.
Groundbreaking on the new facility is scheduled for spring 2014. | <urn:uuid:79c91ebe-c772-4004-990b-887af9113578> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.aviationtoday.com/the-checklist/Boeing-to-Expand-Russian-Aviation-Training_80878.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719273.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00064-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.922309 | 213 | 1.617188 | 2 |
This evening (May 13, 2013) the Vermont House of Representatives passed the worst assisted suicide bill ever by a vote of 75 to 65 making it the third US state to legalize assisted suicide.
Bill S-77 is expected to be signed into law by Governor Peter Shumlim, a long-time assisted suicide campaigner.
Bill S-77 started out as an "Oregon Style" assisted suicide bill with the typical false safeguards. S-77 experienced a bumpy road in the Vermont Senate and was amended, making it a very confusing bill.
The original version of S-77 was then introduced into the Vermont House where it passed.
Since there were two versions of S-77, the original version went back to the Senate where, once again, it experienced a bumpy road. A compromise was then struck creating the current version of S-77, which is the worst assisted suicide bill ever. The compromise bill passed by a vote of 17 to 13.
Thank you to all of the caring people who worked hard to protect Vermont citizens from assisted suicide.
For more information go to the following links:
* Vermont assisted suicide bill is a "bait and switch."
* Vermont assisted suicide bill lacks oversight, is not safe.
* Vermont assisted suicide bill allows a Third Party to speak for an Elder or Disabled Person.
* Vermont assisted suicide bill like a Trojan Horse. | <urn:uuid:77257ad6-8fa4-4066-8a7c-df7f03c2001e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://alexschadenberg.blogspot.com/2013/05/vermont-house-passes-worst-assisted.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00394-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957282 | 282 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Maharashtra Value Added Tax Act, 2002.
.- In exercise of the powers conferred by sub-section (3)(C) of section 8 of the Maharashtra Value Added Tax Act, 2002 [Mah. IX of 2005], the Government of Maharashtra hereby, amends the Government Order, Finance Department No.VAT-1507/CR-70/Taxation-1, dated the 21st February 2008, as follows, namely:-
In the Schedule appended to the said Order in column (2), after condition number (2), the following conditions shall be added, namely:-
(3) The set-off admissible for the period starting from the 1st April 2005 to the dealer,-
(i) In respect of goods referred to in column No.(1) and consumables and packing materials used for the said processing or packing, shall be of tax in excess of the amount calculated at the rate notified, from time to time by the Central Government for the purposes of sub-section (1) of section 8 of the Central Sales Tax Act, 1956 on the said purchase price.
(ii) In respect of capital assets used exclusively for the processing of textiles, set-off shall be as per rule 52.
(4) If the tax has been paid or otherwise recovered in part or full during the period starting on the 1st April 2005 and ending on the 21st February 2008, on the transfer of property in the said goods then the exemption shall be subject to the following conditions:-
(a) where tax is paid or recovered in full, then no exemption shall be granted; or
(b) where tax is paid or recovered in part, then the exemption shall be restricted to the extent of unpaid tax; or
(c) in case the taxes are collected partly and the said taxes are not paid then in such cases, the taxes so collected, shall be required to be deposited within 30 days from the date of issue of this order and the exemption shall be admissible to the extent of taxes not collected subject to payment as aforesaid.
(5) If because of condition (4) exemption is not available in full or part, then set-off in respect of the
purchases of goods shall be granted in full or, as the case may be, in part to the extent to which
exemption is not available.
By order and in the name of the Governor of Maharashtra.
Officer on Special Duty to Government. | <urn:uuid:bd911d58-d960-4044-826a-6467f47dee5e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.knowledgebible.com/forum/showthread.php/8034-Maharashtra-Vat-Notifications-Year-2008/page3 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00365-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.934379 | 504 | 1.554688 | 2 |
JEFFERSON CITY - The timely coordination of an impaired driving campaign and a new law to help memorialize drunk driving victims will urge drivers to think about their choices this August and in the months ahead.
The annual You Drink & Drive. You Lose. campaign will kickoff Aug. 19 with the unveiling of a new roadside memorial sign for impaired driving victims.
"Drinking and then choosing to drive is a choice that tragically takes lives," said Don Hillis, MoDOT Director of System Management. "The new signs offer a memorial to victim's families, while raising awareness of the dangers of impaired driving."
The signs are part of legislation that goes into effect Aug. 28 called David's Law. The law is named after David Poenicke, a victim of impaired driving. Poenicke's sister, Gail Rehme, was a leading force in getting the legislation passed. Representative Bill Deeken of Jefferson City sponsored the bill.
The blue memorial signs read "Drunk Driving Victim!" and include the person's initials and the month and year they were killed. At the bottom it reads "Think About It!" The signs can be requested and paid for by the family of a drunk driving victim.
Impaired driving continues to be a problem among motorists, many of whom don't realize how little of a substance it actually takes to affect driving skills and put themselves and others at risk.
In 2008, 262 people were killed, 1,113 seriously injured and 3,398 received minor injuries in crashes involving an impaired driver.
The You Drink & Drive. You Lose. campaign is an annual campaign that includes paid media advertising and statewide sobriety checkpoints from Aug. 21 to Sept. 7 aimed at deterring impaired drivers.
To learn more, visit saveMOlives.com. | <urn:uuid:61b28472-6059-455d-94b3-4e1fa7e29b9f> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.modot.org/newsandinfo/District0News.shtml?action=displaySSI&newsId=36800 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719566.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00261-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959066 | 368 | 1.539063 | 2 |
The mid-nineteenth century was a fascinating period of industrial expansion, technical innovation, and exuberant fashion. As machines began to replace traditional hand sewing and the first synthetic dye was invented (in 1856), women’s fashions in particular represented a confluence of style and technology with their ever-expanding skirts and elaborate trimmings and accessories. “High Style and Hoop Skirts: 1850s Fashion” draws from the MFA’s rich holdings of mid-nineteenth-century dress to focus on this innovative but often overlooked decade.
The “artificial crinoline,” or steel hoop skirt, was introduced in the mid-1850s as a revolutionary way to support the enormous skirts of the time, which were made of yards of specialized fabrics (often woven to shape), and embellished with lace, fringe, and ribbon. The prodigious yardage, lavish trimmings, and ornate accessories of women’s dress functioned as the outward manifestation of mid-nineteenth-century prosperity and ingenuity.
Visit the Loring Gallery to see the elaborate daywear and fanciful evening dress - complemented by hats, gloves, shoes, fans, and jewelry - of the high-style 1850s. | <urn:uuid:13d84448-7ba1-4101-9ed8-13fbd450d5d2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.mfa.org/exhibitions/high-style-and-hoop-skirts | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281450.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00174-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963931 | 260 | 2.828125 | 3 |
If you’ve read some of my other articles, you know that I believe that the best code is no code at all. But what if you actually have to write some code? What then? This article deals with that question and shows the importance of simplicity.
It is true that no tools are necessary to apply good software engineering techniques, but they can often be a big help. The third and last session of “By the Books: Software Engineering in the Games Industry” concentrated exclusively on languages and tools, and participants shared their favorite tools and warned others about potential duds.
The second session of the GDC 2004 roundtable “By The Books: Software Engineering in the Games Industry” concentrated on processes and methodologies. In particular, we had a good look at agile development and how it can be applied to game development.
This is the summary of the first session of my GDC 2004 roundtable: By the Books: Software Engineering in the Games Industry. Unlike other years, each session focused on different topics. This one starts with a general discussion of what we need software engineering for in the games industry and then looks into specific techniques that teams can adopt as part of their development process right away.
For small projects, we can blissfully code away without paying any attention to physical structure and we won’t be any worse off for it. However, as a project grows, it reaches a critical point where build times become unbearably slow. This article looks into the reasons for such slow build times and explores some techniques to speed things up. | <urn:uuid:a5a555d8-2284-464b-a240-dac60e0a7f7f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://gamesfromwithin.com/category/software-engineering/page/2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00406-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942155 | 321 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Music and its abilities
Music is a central part of my life. Without music, the world would seem naked, cold, and quiet. Music can set the rhythm for a long day of work, the mood for a date, a party or even one’s entire life. It can comfort you when you feel nothing else can. It has the ability to make you dream bigger dreams then you have ever imagined. It can also remind you of the happiest moments in your life or the saddest. Music is a vehicle for expressing love, telling a story or showing happiness. My love for music has grown throughout the past few years and continues to do so today. Playing the violin for six years has deepened my appreciation for the sounds. However, I would consider the level of music I listen at is on the sensuous plane.
As Copland points out, the appeal of music on the sensuous plane is self-evident. I listen to music in the simplest way possible. I listen for the sheer pleasure of the musical sound itself. I am vaguely aware of the music because my mind wanders so much. I’m not saying that I don’t hear it and feel the beats, but I rarely concentrate on the details of songs. It is a kind of brainless state of mind that is engendered by the mere sound appeal of the music. It is the plane on which we hear music without thinking, without considering it in any way. I use music as a consolation or as an escape of reality.
My mood affects the type of music I listen to, and the type of music I listen to affects my awareness to it. For example, if I am listening to rap I am listening to it for the beat and the ability it has to pump me up. Chances are that I am not analyzing the song in any way. I am not listening to it for the lyrics; I am listening to it on a run to get myself mentally prepared. However, classical, folk, rock, country, or Broadway has a different affect. I am more in tune with the words and my level of awareness is higher. If the song is powerful, like Bui Doi from Miss Saigon, or Both Sides now by Joni Mitchell, I... | <urn:uuid:604853dc-1d37-4e1c-947e-27903cdcbfd6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.brainia.com/essays/Music-And-It's-Abilities/3974.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00506-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96108 | 463 | 2.234375 | 2 |
KNOXVILLE, Tenn. – Knoxville is now the No. 1 city in the Southeast and one of the top cities in the nation for solar power investment, thanks to the Knoxville Utilities Board and Tennessee Valley Authority.
“KUB is delivering on its promise to make Knoxville a renewable energy leader, and TVA is helping KUB make the community one of the top cities in America to go green,” said Chris Hansen, TVA vice president, Origination & Renewables.
TVA announced Tuesday the selection of Origis Energy to develop a 200-megawatt solar farm in Clay County, Mississippi, to support Knoxville’s renewable energy needs. KUB's investment in the project helped enable 50 megawatts of new battery storage technology that will increase power grid resiliency.
“We take our commitment of being good stewards of our environment seriously, and we are thrilled to work with TVA to put our community on the map for renewable energy,” said Gabriel Bolas, KUB president and CEO. “This endeavor benefits residential and business customers who can know that their daily lives include green energy resources, leading the way to a sustainable future.”
Last November, KUB announced that 20% of Knoxville’s electricity will be generated from renewable sources. KUB’s investment in more than 500 megawatts of solar will help Knoxville meet its goal to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 80% by 2050, compared with 2005 levels. In total, KUB will secure enough solar energy to power about 83,000 homes – a commitment that stands out on a national scale.
“Knoxville is serious about addressing climate change, and this investment by TVA and KUB positions us as a national leader. This partnership not only helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions – it gives our city a competitive advantage,” said Knoxville Mayor Indya Kincannon. “The solar power generated by this solar farm can fuel economic growth in Knoxville while creating jobs and opportunities for rural communities within the Tennessee Valley.”
Origis Energy will supply solar energy through a long-term power purchase agreement via TVA’s nationally recognized Green Invest program. Origis will develop, build, own and operate the plant using industry-leading land stewardship techniques. The project will create significant short- and long-term investments in the local community, including more than 250 peak construction jobs, with additional employment for three to five full-time operations and maintenance staff. Origis will complete the facility in late 2023, pending environmental reviews.
“This is our third utility-scale solar facility in Mississippi with TVA, and it demonstrates the success of Green Invest to connect local communities, private business and public power through renewable energy,” said Johan Vanhee, Origis Energy chief commercial officer and chief procurement officer. “We are excited to use TVA’s innovative program to contribute to economic activity in Clay County while helping the city of Knoxville achieve its carbon reduction goals.”
TVA sees a bright future for solar fueling the region’s economy. Since 2018, Green Invest has attracted nearly $2.7 billion in solar investment and procured over 2,100 megawatts of solar on behalf of its customers – maintaining TVA’s green energy leadership as the energy provider with the greatest amount of renewable generation in the Southeast.
The Tennessee Valley Authority is a corporate agency of the United States that provides electricity for business customers and local power companies serving nearly 10 million people in parts of seven southeastern states. TVA receives no taxpayer funding, deriving virtually all of its revenues from sales of electricity. In addition to operating and investing its revenues in its electric system, TVA provides flood control, navigation and land management for the Tennessee River system, and assists local power companies and state and local governments with economic development and job creation.
KUB is a municipal utility serving Knox and parts of seven adjacent counties and provides electric, gas, water, and wastewater services to more than 468,000 customers.
Origis Energy is bringing clean and cost-effective solar and energy storage solutions within reach for utility, commercial and industrial, as well as public sector, clients. The Origis team has worked to ensure the interests of all stakeholders are upheld in over 150 projects worldwide, totaling nearly 3 gigawatts to date of developed solar and energy storage capacity. Headquartered in Miami, Florida, Origis Energy delivers excellence in solar and energy storage development, financing, engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) and operations, maintenance and asset management for investors and clean energy consumers in the U.S.
Knoxville Utilities Board
Communications & External Affairs
Glenna Wiseman, 909-553-3141
Origis Energy, Miami 786-693-2624
Origis Project Page: https://origisenergy.com/projects/ms-solar-7-optimist-solar-storage/
KUB’s more than 500 megawatt solar investment is the Southeast’s largest municipal solar energy investment announced to date. | <urn:uuid:e2310604-b3a7-43f3-9497-8d78e0c9483d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tva.com/newsroom/press-releases/tva-kub-origis-energy-make-knoxville-no.-1-in-southeast-for-solar-investment | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00078.warc.gz | en | 0.917991 | 1,072 | 1.835938 | 2 |
The Maine Campus
The Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) has released a report that the number of hate groups in the United States has risen for the fourth year in a row. The United States is now home to 1,020 hate groups, including neo-Nazis, white supremacists, black nationalists, neo-confederates and the Ku Klux Klan. Proliferation of racist, xenophobic and generally violent political rhetoric from specific leaders of our country and the ability to recruit members, organize events and raise money on online platforms have contributed to the violent attitudes of the United States that fail to reject and even fosters the rise of hate groups.
Racial Justice_Maine Campus_2021_01_17o
Theriault, Liz, "Hateful rhetoric and online platforms foster environments where hate can grow in the United States" (2019). Social Justice: Diversity, Equity, & Inclusion. 58.
publisher's version of the published document
Rights and Access Note
This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). | <urn:uuid:ecdd8a88-c8d5-4936-ba6b-451784ff9674> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/social_justice/58/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.88625 | 330 | 2.40625 | 2 |
Volunteer firefighters in Northwest Ohio got a taste of some simulated action on Saturday during a training session in Bowling Green.
About 25 volunteer firefighters from nearly 20 local departments participated in several drills that simulated conditions during a real fire. Those who attended the free Regional Fire School training learned how to suit up, use their breathing apparatuses and effective communications strategies.
â??Stuff like this is great, the next time Iâ??m in a fire maybe I can maybe relate back to something I learned today,â?? said Kailen Starkweather, a three-year volunteer firefighter with the Wauseon Fire Dept. He continued, â??Working with other departments, Iâ??m learning how to work with someone Iâ??ve never worked with before which makes it nice too.â??
The training also employed the use of human dummies to teach volunteers how to pull a body from a fire in a search and rescue mission. | <urn:uuid:dd4d77a8-7997-4298-81c9-9eb3c2375a3c> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://nbc24.com/news/local/volunteer-firefighters-sharpen-skills-at-regional-fire-school?id=1019422 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720238.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00189-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968898 | 193 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Australian researchers have developed a technique that will vaccinate plants against viruses that cause millions of dollars in lost production.
The breakthrough is of such importance to agriculture that hundreds of laboratories around the world have contacted the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization seeking details.
The CSIRO researchers found a natural genetic mechanism that can change the way plants protect themselves against virus attack. The technique is called post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS with intron-spliced `hairpin RNA').
By inserting a seed with a small part of a gene from a specific virus, the plant becomes immunized. This works as vaccines do for humans.
When the plant is invaded, it destroys the virus before it can do any damage. This is expected to increase food production and also benefit the environment.
The CSIRO team has already developed potatoes resistant to potato leaf roll virus using this technique. These plants have been tested in the laboratory, greenhouses, land have under gone field trials.
It is expected that the hpRNA technique will provide a simple approach for producing reliable virus immunity that can be passed down through plant generations. | <urn:uuid:884c3dc7-acfc-47c8-a1aa-70ae01ab11fc> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.sugarproducer.com/2001/07/aussies-perfect-plant-protection | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00235-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.93468 | 226 | 3.859375 | 4 |
Articles Tagged: gas x
Abdominal gas is the byproduct of regular digestion and occurs in every single person, and typically is present many times throughout the day. Swallowing excess amounts of air can also contribute to a buildup of gas in the abdomen, and symptoms can include varying levels of pain from sharp an intense to mild and dull, along with bloating and a feeling of fullness.
Activated charcoal powder is processed carbon that is made from various materials such as wood, peat, nutshells, and coal. It contains an enormous number of microscopic pores which make it incredibly absorptive. While used in modern times for a whole host of commercial applications including metal finishing and water purification, activated charcoal uses still include medicinal applications as has been the case for centuries.
Gas-X is a well known brand of remedy for gassy symptoms including bloating, a pressure sensation and burping. Most often, the medication is taken in the form of a capsule or pill, however the manufacturers of Gas-X have a full line of products to make taking the simethicone based gas remedy easy for anyone.
Gas-X is one of the most well known brands of over the counter medicine indicated for the relief of stomach gas. The Gas-X product line contains a wide variety of medications suitable for just about everyone experiencing stomach gas pain and discomfort. Gas-X Softgels are convenient and easy to take, and chewables afford the same relief for those who can not swallow pills. The liquid product is considered the fastest acting form, outdone only by their fast dissolving strips that make gas relief on the go practical and expedient.
Abdominal gas is simply gas that resides in the digestive system. Stomach gas causes include both a natural result of digestive processes, and swallowing too much air, according to Mayo Clinic. Abdominal gas is normal and experienced by everyone. Most often, it is released from the body in the form of flatulence or burping | <urn:uuid:3d99e503-cf9d-406e-b221-39d13b9ccd4c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://stomachbloating.net/tag/gas-x/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00270-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966951 | 405 | 1.523438 | 2 |
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Lower Ability- Creation myths
Transcript of Lower Ability- Creation myths
To Understand the Ultimate Question: How was the universe created? (L4)
To analyse the use of creation myths in cultures (L5)
To evaluate the importance of creation myths (L6)
How did life in the universe begin?
What are creation myths?
How would you view the world if you had no scientific knowledge ? What was before the Universe? Using 5 lines- tell me the story of Pan Ku Which bit did you like the best? Why did the Chinese believe in this Myth? How would you explain the sky? How would you view the world if you had no scientific knowledge? How would you explain the rain? How would you explain night and day? Who would you blame or thank for making the sun rise everyday? How would you view the world? Ocean Do we have any modern day myths or are they obsolete in a world of science? Religion What is the role of 'myths' in cultures? What is a myth? Creation Myths- Life before scientific knowledge A myth is a traditional story that tries to explain the unexplainable. It gives an answer to phenomenons which science cannot explain A creation myth is a traditional story which tries to explain the beginning of the world as that particular culture knew it. Pan Ku Produce an A4 drawing of your view of how the world might look without scientific knowledge How would science explain creation? For a higher level link to 'Ultimate Questions' Ultimate Q's Early religious beliefs ways to please the gods? Role of Witch Doctor What is a creation myth? Meditation Complete individual task sheets 15mins Have you achieved your objective? I.e. Early Tribes People | <urn:uuid:35cdda94-04f5-4924-93bc-b591ddbad046> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://prezi.com/5abvnzpozwqd/lower-ability-creation-myths/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00279-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942926 | 498 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Jesse was relieved, and so was Walt—he had already concealed the real ricin capsule behind an electrical outlet in his bedroom.
My mom was relieved to find out that it was a medically inspected place used mostly by government officials.
She was unable to get him to stop, so she was relieved when another male friend came and pulled Markoff away.
On the anniversary of Sept. 11, workers talked about feeling haunted, relieved and, most of all, proud.
Paterno reportedly received a call from the chairman of the PSU board informing him he was relieved of his duties.
He weighed his anchors and withdrew, and the queen and her party were relieved.
Hester relieved her torment of mind with reproaches of Margaret.
She relieved the situation of its cold-toned strain in adding: 'He is a host.'
Breakfast was ready for those who came off watch as soon as they were relieved.
But Polly was relieved when they had said good-night and were gone.
late 14c., "alleviate (pain, etc.), mitigate; afford comfort; allow respite; diminish the pressure of," also "give alms to, provide for;" also figuratively, "take heart, cheer up;" from Old French relever "to raise, relieve" (11c.) and directly from Latin relevare "to raise, alleviate, lift up, free from a burden," from re-, intensive prefix (see re-), + levare "to lift up, lighten," from levis "not heavy" (see lever).
The notion is "to raise (someone) out of trouble." From c.1400 as "advance to the rescue in battle;" also "return from battle; recall (troops)." Meaning "release from duty" is from early 15c. Related: relieved; relieving.
relieve re·lieve (rĭ-lēv')
v. re·lieved, re·liev·ing, re·lieves
To cause a lessening or alleviation of something, such as pain, tension, or a symptom.
To free an individual from pain, anxiety, or distress. | <urn:uuid:6d73f34f-2c47-445b-91ad-deb9ff95f944> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.dictionary.com/browse/relieved?qsrc=2446 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279410.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00174-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.98317 | 453 | 1.921875 | 2 |
Member - Island East Tourism Group
Community: Milltown Cross
St. Paul's was designed by the renowned Island architect William Critchlow Harris and is Harris' first Church of French Gothic design. The church is built out of Island sandstone and Nova Scotia granite. The Island sandstone was quaried in the area and hauled to the site by the joint effort of Catholics and Protestants. The grey Nova Scotia granite was transported to the Island by boat. A unique aspect of this church is that the size of the block diminishes with the height of the walls. The spire towers two hundred feet high. A large iron cross, made by parishoner Mick McCarron in his forge, was placed on top of the spire, however the cross was removed in 1970 and now stands in the church cemetery. The cemetery is located approximately three-quarters of a mile south of the church. Construction began in 1873 and was completed in 1888. A date can be found above the front entrance to the church.
© 2017 Island East Tourism Group, All Rights Reserved | <urn:uuid:4d3972f6-6152-480a-b34c-3474e2220627> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.pointseastcoastaldrive.com/things-to-do/entry/st.-pauls-roman-catholic-church/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.982835 | 218 | 1.96875 | 2 |
The author Gloria Hendrix Chance was raised in Browns, Alabama, which is a small community close to Selma. Some of the stories in this book are based on her experiences as a child living in the country in the South. Gloria received her Masters Degree in Elementary and early childhood Education from the University of west Alabama. Then she taught Kindergarten for Selma city Schools for thirty years and retired in 2004. While teaching she realized her love for writing songs and rhymes for children.
Gloria understands the power of rhymes in the educational development of young children. She knows how rhymes can help develop excellent reading skills. During her career she composed many funny, short, rhyming stories.
Because of her love for children and her enthusiasm for their educational success, Miss Gloria has now selected her best and most loved rhyming stories, and combined them with beautiful illustrations in this Rhyming Coloring Book. She remarks, “That is why I wrote this book Rhymes for Children. I hope your child will giggle to the stories, and it will instill in them a life-long love for reading. “ | <urn:uuid:2136ee85-e580-49e8-a3f5-c09cc45675ed> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.authorhouse.com/en-gb/bookstore/bookdetails/845416-rhymes-for-children | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00470.warc.gz | en | 0.972573 | 231 | 1.921875 | 2 |
Businesses, charities and other organisations that care for our woodlands and forests have today joined Environment Secretary Owen Paterson …
Businesses, charities and other organisations that care for our woodlands and forests have today joined Environment Secretary Owen Paterson at a tree health summit to generate ideas on how to tackle pests and diseases attacking the country’s trees, including ash dieback.
Around 100 people including scientists, campaigners and representatives from charitable groups and government agencies attended the summit where the findings of the mass survey of forests and woodlands were reported. A report on the very latest scientific information was also presented.
The top ideas to tackle Chalara identified at the summit, include:
• Better awareness raising and information gathering, such as on leaf litter management;
• Keep surveying - develop partnerships to continue surveillance for disease and resistance and making use of volunteers; and
• Focus action on newly planted trees - don’t cut down mature trees.
A wide range of other ideas for action were identified, which will be examined in further detail.
These and other ideas will now be considered for possible inclusion in a Chalara action plan to be published on Friday 9 November.
Speaking after the summit, Environment Secretary Owen Paterson said:
“We called this summit to bring together the best ideas from experts and all who care for our forests so we can urgently prepare an action plan on how to tackle Chalara and better protect our trees for the future.
“Many of the ideas discussed today are extremely interesting, and our scientists and plant health experts will examine them urgently and include the most effective ones in an action plan by the end of the week.”
The tree health summit follows on from a number of actions the Government has taken to discover the extent of ash dieback and contain its spread. Over the last few days hundreds of people from government agencies and stakeholder groups have urgently surveyed over 2,500 thousand sections of land across the country; the largest operation of its kind ever undertaken.
Owen Paterson also chaired a COBR meeting on Friday 2 November to coordinate cross-government action in tackling the disease.
For further information on ash dieback and for the scientific paper presented to the meeting visit www.forestry.gov.uk/chalara | <urn:uuid:9d5bb241-4808-4f50-8774-0ad45ba5a63a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.gov.uk/government/news/summit-identifies-ideas-for-action-on-ash-disease | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281649.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00444-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948384 | 463 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Brightly coloured houses lined up against tall mountains and above them a clear blue sky? An abstract configuration of squares, triangles and circles? Whatever we see in The Rock, its vibrancy inspires exuberance and delight, its wonderful simplicity conveying happiness and optimism. The use of colours and the loose brushstrokes draw associations to folk art, as the indefinable green, red and white shapes allude to the imaginary worlds of children's drawings. Seen against the backdrop of Tal R's larger oeuvre, however, we can almost expect there to be more than one level to this initial reading. For a start, the presence of square and circular forms, hard and soft, is likely to be an illusion to the duality between male and female, and the triangular peaks towards the top of the painting are reminiscent of many works by Wassily Kandinsky and his Blaue Reiter group in the early twentieth century, who used this shape as a sign of spirituality. Tal R has frequently made clear his fascination for the abject and the Freudian, and it seems likely that such inspirations are reflected in his paintings.
'... under their apparent simplicity and flamboyance, their seeming willingness to embrace everything great and small, worthy and ignoble, is a sense of darkness and betrayal. You don't really notice this at first: all that is perceptible is a slight unease, as if things aren't quite what they're supposed to be.' (J. Hutchinson and Douglas Hyde Gallery, Tal R: House of Prince, exh. cat., 2005) | <urn:uuid:7c4bd835-ba49-44c8-8ab6-35085055099e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.christies.com/lotfinder/lot/tal-r-the-rock-5079590-details.aspx?intObjectID=5079590 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00141-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96479 | 321 | 1.9375 | 2 |
An image circulated on Twitter in support of the Jokowi-Ahok duo
As the first round of the Jakarta gubernatorial elections in July showed, the Twittersphere can sometimes provide a better sense for who is going to win than the nation’s leading pollsters. Prior to polling day, micro bloggers talked about Joko Widodo and Ahok Basuki as frequently as they tweeted about the incumbent Fauzi Bowo and his running mate Nachrowi Ramli. But a sentiment index showed that the Jokowi-Ahok duo came up in conversations that used more positive language than their competitors. In fact, the difference in sentiment was so stark that a politicawave.com observer declared that it was obvious who was going to win well before the election even took place. The quick count only confirmed that prediction.
Using social media to gauge public opinion is certainly the beginning of something quite new in Indonesia. Politicians themselves have been quick to recognise its capacity to spread information and shape public opinion. Some have taken the bull by the horns. Others have steered clear, partly because they are yet to learn how it works, but also because a misplaced word here or there can come back to haunt them. The ease with which the public can openly express their opinions via social media complicates matters for Indonesia’s political elite, many of whom, among other things, have a reputation for the way in which they handle public complaints – ranging from defensiveness to outright petulance. Nonetheless, with all its opportunities and traps, social media has reshaped the playing field in Indonesian political life for those with their sights set on power.
Twitter savvy politicians
Indonesia’s politicians have employed social media, and Twitter in particular, for a wider range of purposes than to simply net more votes. Savvy politicians encourage public servants to use Twitter to disseminate information about government programs but avoid interacting with it themselves. The Minister for Education, Mohammad Nuh, requires the notoriously corrupt Directorate-General for Higher Education to tweet information about foreign-funded scholarships for study overseas. This directive was made to stop those with connections inside the Ministry hearing about opportunities too far in advance or cutting out the competition by not passing on the information to the public at all. The state-owned enterprise that produces electricity – affectionately referred to as the government’s candle company – is also a fan of Twitter, which uses it to warn followers of power outages due to damaged infrastructure. Some of the public utility’s most popular tweets were promises to guarantee a stable flow of electricity in Bali, Java and Aceh during the 2010 World Cup in recognition of the fact that (they and other) Indonesians love their football.
Head of the National Agency for the Placement and Protection of Overseas Indonesian Workers, Mohammad Jumhur Hidayat, also uses Twitter to keep the public informed about his daily activities. More often than not he posts an update about visiting this or that office. But between 2008 and 2010 he tweeted criticisms of the Minister for Manpower, Erman Suparno, for taking away his authority. Hidayat’s messages were read by followers who then re-tweeted them to their subscribers. Twitter complemented Hidayat’s other networks, such as the team of reporters who worked hard to build up his credentials and expose the Ministry’s grim track record on migrant workers. Suparno may have won the battle for control, but, in the eyes of the public, he certainly lost the war for legitimacy in the contest between the two agencies.
Politicians loved the good old days when it was only word-of-mouth and the odd news report that spread details about their misdemeanours have a lot to adjust to. These days, anyone in the right place with a mobile phone and a data connection can be a reporter. And the fact that Twitter and other social media allow users to embed images, voice and video recordings into their micro blogs helps to broadcast the misbehaving politicians’ faux pas far and wide.
It was just another day in the office for the Welfare Minister, Salim Segaf Aljufrie, in 2010 when he ploughed along the dedicated laneway of the TransJakarta Busway between Mampang Prapatan and Buncit Indah en route to the Presidential Palace for a meeting. But, that morning, an annoyed commuter sitting in bumper-to-bumper traffic snapped a shot of his car. Only a week had passed since the police announced that only fire engines and other emergency vehicles could enter the bus lane. The commuter tweeted the image to her followers with a tongue-in-cheek message praising the Minister for the fantastic example he was setting for Jakarta’s millions. The post did the rounds of the micro blogging network and within hours Indonesia’s online media had picked the story up. The National Police resisted pressure to investigate, at first claiming that an officer had to witness the infringement. But the very next day a fine was delivered to the Minister’s office and his chauffeur was told to be in court the following day. It was a symbolic act, but one that showed how Twitter could be used to force the government’s hand.
Social media has also put officials who waste public money under the spotlight. Early in 2012 the Indonesian Students Association tailed lawmakers on a shopping spree in Berlin with their families, buying up goods in elite fashion stores. The pictures the students shared through Facebook and Twitter gained traction in Indonesia almost immediately. In places like Jakarta, viewers expressed their disgust at yet more evidence that the people’s so-called representatives used state business overseas as a junket and an opportunity to have an all-expenses paid holiday for the family.
Lawmakers on another such study trip in 2011 to Melbourne were supposed to be studying poverty and welfare. When the Indonesian Students Association asked why Australia was chosen over more comparable countries for the study, the spokesperson avoided providing an answer by promising to continue the conversation after returning to Jakarta. But when asked for an email address, not one of the lawmakers could provide one. A staffer eventually chimed in with a yahoo address, which someone tested and found to be either defunct or fake. The panic and flurry of activity as the lawmakers attempted to salvage the situation by offering their personal contact details was recorded, uploaded to YouTube and broadcast through social media. Indonesian Facebook and Twitter users sighed collectively in disappointment, with one user sarcastically adopting a Ministry of Finance slogan designed to shame the public into paying income tax: ‘In this day and age? What will the world say?’
The Transjakarta Busway lane that the Welfare Minister was photographed driving in illegally
In other cases, politicians who use social media become victims of their own actions. Information and Technology Minister, Titaful Sembiring, was one of the first to seize the opportunity Twitter offered to raise his public profile. After the normal wheeling and dealing for appointments were over, this foresight scored him the techiest portfolio in the President’s cabinet. But he progressively sullied his reputation as Indonesia’s social media sweetheart with policy directions that alienated millions, blocking up to one million websites that he thought contained pornographic content, including Indiana University’s Kinsey Institute’s website about research on sexual health. In another controversy, Titaful tweeted that the American First Lady, Michelle Obama, forced him to shake her hand during President Obama’s first state visit to Indonesia. No one was truly surprised because the Minister has the PKS (the Islamic Prosperous Justice Party) and its voters to thank for his career. But most Indonesians who could see no problem with such a ceremonial duty harnessed the tweet to have their say, leaving Titaful reeling at how Indonesian Twitter users transformed a simple tweet into public criticisms against him.
Social media in mainstream politics
Since the rise of Twitter, political leaders in Indonesia have watched social media besiege public figures over and over again. Major parties like Golkar have announced plans to integrate the technology into future campaign strategies. The President’s own Democratic Party admits that they and their candidates must verse themselves in the language and ways of social media if they want victory. Looking back on their electoral defeat in July, Democratic Party strategists now understand the formidable role Twitter played in organising public opinion against incumbent governor Bowo and his running mate. The experience has left a bad taste in their mouth, with Ramli going as far as to describe Twitter as a battlefield in the war of information. It is here that they planned to invest resources in the lead up to the final round of elections in September. They certainly tried, but public opinion proved hard to shift and the duo was decisively defeated by their more social media savvy opponents.
Social media has made an indelible print on Indonesian political life. Yet the technology remains out of reach for the majority. It is hard to imagine the urban poor in a provincial capital like Pontianak having the resources to have their say on Facebook or Twitter. It is even harder to imagine social media picking up the opinions of people living in areas of West Papua that have no electricity or roads. This harsh reality certainly blunts any claim that observers may make about the degree to which political conversations online represent popular sentiment in Indonesia.
Having said that, though, social media does at least give an indication of what better-off Indonesians think about the current state of affairs. And, though politicians may not be happy about it, the ‘likes’ and tweets of the Indonesian middle class are increasingly having an effect.
Wayne Palmer (firstname.lastname@example.org) is a Postgraduate Teaching Fellow in the Department of Indonesian Studies at the University of Sydney. | <urn:uuid:d72ecac5-08e1-41bb-820c-0595d11bfc85> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.insideindonesia.org/tweeting-about-politics | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00372-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966659 | 2,010 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Did you know?
Wildlife immobilisation drugs were first used in South Africa to capture white rhinos in the 1960s.
It’s late afternoon and the stage is set. Suddenly, the outraged squeals of a warthog rend the bushveld air.
Enter a quartet of lions who stride up as if summoned by a dinner bell in a boarding school. Their ears are pricked forward, their eyes are alight and focused, and their noses lifted to pick up the scent of a surprise evening snack.
The audience, a dozen foreign businessmen on a bush break, sit in their vehicles, cameras poised. The wildlife veterinarian with the dart gun waits for the right moment.
Everyone is here for a wildlife conservation safari.
Visitors on wildlife conservation safaris are funding essential work (blood tests, for example, or the removal of a radio collar, insertion of transmitters into rhino horns, or a dozen other tasks that are costly but necessary for conservation work).
In return, they are privy to a look behind the scenes. Wildlife conservation safaris are thus a win-win situation.
The park ecologist hits the stop button on the tape recorder, and two large speakers that had filled the plains with the unmistakable squeals of a hog in distress go silent.
The wildlife vet shoots a dart with pink feathering into the rump of the first unsuspecting lioness. After a few minutes, she sits down suddenly, in the manner of one who has overindulged somewhat in tequila, her eyes stargazing.
Once the lions are all completely under the influence of veterinary drugs, the work starts.
The businessmen, all equipped with rubber gloves to guard against any parasites, are following orders.
After the blood tests, they help load the lions onto a small truck via tarpaulins, and the predators are taken back out onto the open plains before the antidote is administered.
Everyone watches from a safe distance as the lions come to, and weave gently off into the sunset.
It might equally well have been an elephant that needed dental work, or a collar removed, or contraceptives to be administered. In that case, the wildlife veterinarian will be up in a helicopter to administer the dart from above while everyone waits for the OK to move on the ground.
To be close to a sleeping elephant is a marvel. You can hear it breathing in great, slow gusts through its trunk. You can feel its 20kg heart thumping in a steady drumroll.
Rhinos often need work, much of it related to anti-poaching measures. Visitors watch as vets work on the sleeping rhino, its eyes covered with cloth, its lips trembling in deep sleep.
Generally they are immobilised so that horns can be measured and microchipped, then ears are notched for easy identification.
Once the conservation work is done, the visitors return with cameras full of pictures and heads full of unforgettable memories.
As a wildlife vet put it: 'Not a lot of guys do this, but I see this as being helpful all round. It’s good for people to experience what happens behind the scenes in conservation. And game reserves benefit from the funding.'
Travel tips & Planning info
Who to contact
The following operators offer wildlife conservation experiences:
Tel: +27 (0)82 990 1168
Dr Peter Brothers
Tel: +27 (0)46 622 7633
Cell: +27 (0)82 756 3503
Wildcon Safaris and Events
Tel: +27 (0)31 762 3017
Cell: +27 (0)83 560 0555
How to get here
Wildlife conservation safaris can take place anywhere in the country. Generally, they are only feasible for groups of between 10 and 20 people. Contact the operators to enquire about opportunities.
Best time to visit
Most conservation work is done during the cool winter months (May to September) to minimise heat stress to the animals.
Once at the reserve you're staying at, you will be driven around in a game-viewing vehicle.
What will it cost
Costs depend on the conservation work that needs to be done, the size of the group, and the game reserve itself.
Length of stay
Two nights or more are ideal. Sometimes several tasks need to be done.
What to pack
Bring a hat, warm clothing for chilly night air, camera, and binoculars for game viewing.
Where to stay
Wildlife conservation safaris generally take place where there is decent accommodation. | <urn:uuid:4ff61047-b8c3-4d58-bdbb-dee694851153> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.southafrica.net/za/en/articles/entry/article-southafrica.net-wildlife-conservation-safaris | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00032-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.917972 | 945 | 2.84375 | 3 |
An 11 by 15 meter free span, gutter connected, double polyethylene clad greenhouse was equipped with a porous concrete warm floor heating system. The warm floor heating system consisted of a 30 cm deep, vinyl swimming pool liner, filled with 20 cm of bluestone and capped with a 10 cm layer of porous concrete. It was filled with water to a depth of 20 cm and heated by a hot water boiler through a network of 1. 3 cm diameter pipes embedded within the bluestone. Supplemental heating was supplied by a water to air heat exchanger connected to the boiler. Cooling was achieved by forced air ventilation. There were three stages of ventilation with a maximum capacity of one air change per minute. This paper discusses tests conducted in the greenhouse, along with instrumentation hardware, the software program, and system operation. | <urn:uuid:34cd42d1-36e6-4673-a9b7-97304f4176aa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://experts.arizona.edu/en/publications/microcomputer-control-of-warm-floor-heated-greenhouse | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.959483 | 164 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Students need to understand other cultures. Many of them may not know much about the Vietnam War or the country of Vietnam. Spend time in the library researching the Vietnamese culture. What are the people like? What are the major cities? Historical events? Historical figures? What is the food like? What is everyday life like in Vietnam? How did the war affect the country? The people?
War Correspondent for a Day
Assign students the role of posing as a war correspondent for the day. Their mission should be to locate a specific teacher, student, or other staff member and asking them questions about a particular event. The teacher should be sure to discuss the project with other staff to advise them of proper questions and answers. Some staff should also be recommended to avoid answering questions as not every soldier or military official would have been...
This section contains 1,058 words
(approx. 4 pages at 300 words per page) | <urn:uuid:b03ca040-7055-4ad8-a7b2-8da2178f2870> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.bookrags.com/lessonplan/dispatches/funactivities.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718426.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00138-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94997 | 189 | 3.875 | 4 |
COVID-19: Number of Britons vaccinated hits 45 million - as daily cases fall slightly to 27,125
Health Secretary Sajid Javid says the vaccine rollout is a "phenomenal achievement" which has saved "more than 27,000 lives".
Friday 2 July 2021 16:58, UK
The number of people vaccinated against COVID-19 in the UK has hit 45 million, while the number of daily cases reported has dipped slightly.
Friday's total is well up on this time last week, however, when there were 15,810 new cases. Another 27 deaths have also been reported - compared to 22 yesterday and 18 last Friday.
On the vaccination front, 45,013,503 people across the UK have now had their first jab - 85.5% of all adults.
There were 152,525 first doses administered on Thursday and 193,066 second doses, meaning 33,241,265 people are now fully vaccinated against coronavirus (63.1% of adults).
Health Secretary Sajid Javid said the rollout was a "phenomenal achievement", saving "more than 27,000 lives", and praised young people for "coming forward so quickly for their jabs" during the final stage of the campaign.
Despite this week having seen the highest daily number of new cases in some five months, latest estimates suggest England's R number has fallen slightly to between 1.1 and 1.3.
Last week it was listed as between 1.2 and 1.4.
An R value - or reproduction number - between 1.1 and 1.3 means that, on average, every 10 people infected with COVID-19 will go on to infect between 11 and 13 other people.
But one expert has warned that the UK remains under threat from its "own form of a COVID Mexican wave", as infections move from the west to the east.
Professor Tim Spector, co-founder of the ZOE COVID symptom study, said areas in the west which have been worst affected are now seeing lower rates, suggesting they have reached the peak of infections.
However, London, the South East, East Anglia and eastern parts of the country are seeing cases increase, with UK holiday destinations partly to blame for the wave.
Following reports that Ms Merkel had been hoping to encourage EU countries to ban British travellers from the bloc regardless of whether or not they have had a vaccine, due to the rise of the Delta variant, there were concerns that Britons hoping for a European holiday this summer would have to look elsewhere for a break.
But after talks with Mr Johnson at the prime minister's official country retreat of Chequers, Ms Merkel said: "We are reviewing continuously our travel restrictions - and we think that in the foreseeable future, those who have received double jabs will then be able to travel again without going into quarantine." | <urn:uuid:71dd5b9b-058d-41a3-9400-064bc9520f93> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://news.sky.com/story/covid-19-number-of-britons-vaccinated-hits-45-million-as-daily-cases-fall-slightly-to-27-125-12347302 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571502.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811194507-20220811224507-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.976921 | 588 | 2.109375 | 2 |
1 / 2 = 0.5 1 / 3 = 0.3333... 2 / 3 = 0.6666... 1 / 4 = 0.25 3 / 4 = 0.75 1 / 5 = 0.2 2 / 5 = 0.4 3 / 5 = 0.6 4 / 5 = 0.8 1 / 6 = 0.1666... 5 / 6 = 0.8333... 1 / 7 = 0.142857142857... 2 / 7 = 0.285714285714... 3 / 7 = 0.428571428571... 4 / 7 = 0.571428571428... 5 / 7 = 0.714285714285... 6 / 7 = 0.8571428571428... 1 / 8 = 0.125 3 / 8 = 0.375 5 / 8 = 0.625 7 / 8 = 0.875 1 / 9 = 0.111... 2 / 9 = 0.222... 4 / 9 = 0.444... 5 / 9 = 0.555... 7 / 9 = 0.777... 8 / 9 = 0.888...
Move the decimal point 2 places to the right and add a percent (%) sign. If you need to, add a zero on the back to get the second decimal place. .123 = 12.3% Move the decimal point 2 places to the left. If you need to, put a zero on the front. 5% = .05 , using your calculator. 1/8 = .125 First turn the number into a decimal. Then turn the number into a fraction by putting it over 10, 100, 1000, or whatever number is big enough to have enough zeroes for each place after the decimal. 18% = .18 = 18/100 = 9/50 .25 .5 .25 .75 .375 37.5% .5 .33333 .625 62.5% .66666 .75 .875 87.5% .1 .2 1.0 .3 2.0. Step 1: Write down the percent divided by 100.Step 2: If the percent is not a whole number, then multiply both top and bottom by 10 for every number after the decimal point.
Do you want to play fun and interactive math fraction games? Click on the following links or pictures to play these exciting games about fractions.Before adding and subtracting fractions, students must understand basic facts about factors and divisibility. This fun game can be used to reinforce these important math concepts. In this interactive jeopardy game, students will practice finding the greatest common factor (GCF) and the least common multiple (LCM) of two or more numbers.In this fun soccer game,students will practice reducing fractions to the simplest form.This is a fun baseball math game about game about simplifying fractions. Students will have to first hit a homerun to be able to see and answer a math problem.click on two cards to match equivalent fractions. If there is a match, the problems remain on the page; if not, the cards are turned over. In this game, students will practice adding and subtracting fractions with common and different denominators.Young students can use this fun millionaire game to practice changing decimals and fractions to percents.
bbc.co.uk navigationPractical, common-sense maths for adults. Choose a topic area.Work with area, scale drawings and 3-D shapes.The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Read more. This page is best viewed in an up-to-date web browser with style sheets (CSS) enabled. While you will be able to view the content of this page in your current browser, you will not be able to get the full visual experience. Please consider upgrading your browser software or enabling style sheets (CSS) if you are able to do so. This blog is intended to share what we are learning in 5th grade through reflections, pictures, videos, and more! Comments are encouraged and welcome, so if you have a positive comment about anything you see, please feel free to share.
- Photo Credit handheld image by Alexander Kataytsev fromdodge 440 industrial motor
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. Decimals Addition: 0.0 to 9.0Decimals Subtraction: 0.0 to 9.0Primes Vs. CompositesUse the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems.Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities.Graph points on the coordinate plane to solve real-world and mathematical problems.Classify two-dimensional figures into categories based on their properties.Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving area, surface area, and volume.Geometric measurement: understand concepts of angle and measure angles.Geometric measurement: understand concepts of volume and relate volume to multiplication and to addition.Develop understanding of statistical variability.Summarize and describe distributions.Investigate chance processes and develop, use, and evaluate probability models.Mr.
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. One team won 18 out of every 25 games, and another team won 72% of all games played. Which team has a better winning record? We know from previous lessons that a percent is a ratio whose second term is 100.
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Common Percents as Decimals... to post comments.After login, we will forward you back to this flashcard.Copyright © 2005-2011 ProProfs.com - .
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Finance & Econ. ⇐ Use this menu to view and help create subtitles for this video in many different languages. You'll probably want to hide YouTube's captions if using these subtitles.
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and in search results.To change your location filter, please use the links in the footer at the bottom of the page.Click "OK" to accept this setting, or click "Cancel" to set your location filter to "Worldwide".
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. Here is a graphic preview for all of the Percent Worksheets . You can select different variables to customize these Percent Worksheets for your needs. The Percent Worksheets are randomly created and will never repeat so you have an endless supply of quality Percent Worksheets to use in the classroom or at home.
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This conversion starts the same as the previous one, but the final answer can come in a couple different formats sometimes. You always start by doing the division (fractions are division, remember!), and then (usually) you move the decimal point two places to the right.
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56%=56/100=23/50=0.56 Converting to decimals is always easier. Just move the decimal point 2 places to the left. 1%=.001 83.7%=0.837 238.67%=2.38671) Remove the percent sign. | <urn:uuid:58deacd3-dd74-4f6c-b649-ac5fa26e59e6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://ecujohecy.site90.net/common-percents-and-fractions.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00336-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.854315 | 1,517 | 2.65625 | 3 |
There’s more evidence of parks positive affect on property values from New York City. A new report issued today by the Friends of Hudson River Park found that the $75 million the public invested in a section of the park in Greenwich Village sprouted into an additional $200 million in property values in a two-block area from 2002 to 2005 According to he New York Times City Room:
The study found that about a fifth of the value of properties within two blocks of the Greenwich Village section of the park can be attributed to the park, and that real estate prices near the park began to rise only when its construction began in 1997. And the park had a significant effect on nearby condo sales, as their prices increased by 80 percent once the Greenwich Village section of the park was completed in 2003.
The study was conducted by the Regional Plan Association. The findings offer more real numbers that park development is economic development. | <urn:uuid:2a85ca52-9a5e-4f8b-bba1-3fb50f20dc8a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://cityparksblog.org/2008/09/25/build-parks-see-investment/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00479-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968504 | 184 | 1.78125 | 2 |
Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi met Austrian Chancellor Sebastian Kurz on Monday, discussing Egypt’s role in the ongoing refugee crisis, as well as ties between the two countries in research, education and investment.
In a joint press conference, the president restated Egypt’s commitment to aiding the 5 million refugees and migrants living in the country.
These migrants enjoy the same job opportunities and the services that the country has offered to the Egyptians, Sisi declared.
He added that “no boat carrying refugees has left Egypt to Europe,” until now, and that the Mediterranean country would not allow refugees to exit on boats that could be drowned in the sea.
Sisi and Chancellor Kurz agreed to resume the work of the joint Egyptian-Austrian committee in 2020, after it was suspended in 2010.
The committee will enhance cooperation in small and medium-sized industries, and scientific research.
The two heads of state signed 10 Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs) and cooperation agreements in fields of higher education, investment, entrepreneurship and technology.
As part of his visit to Austria, Sisi participated in the EU-African forum on Sunday, aiming to reinforce the partnership between African and European countries, and giving a speech on Egypt’s vision concerning development efforts in Africa.
Edited translation from Al-Masry Al-Youm. | <urn:uuid:46eac4ac-eba4-44c4-9e74-8a2e46b94836> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cloudflare.egyptindependent.com/egypts-sisi-discusses-refugees-cooperation-with-austrias-kurz/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572021.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814083156-20220814113156-00071.warc.gz | en | 0.94956 | 282 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Through a partnership between the Independent Game Developers of RI (IGDA) and the United States Air Force (USAF), a presentation was held on February 26, 2013, at the New England Tech East Greenwich campus, to discuss the steps needed to produce a transitional game project for the Air Force.
New England Tech game development students, some acting as independent developers and others as co-op interns, will be working alongside more experienced independent game developers from the IGDA. The best description of the project team is a “distributed agile development team”.
The result of this work will be a variety of software prototypes that the USAF will use to test transitional games as a training platform for US Airmen worldwide.
Three USAF personnel, Major Michael Bliss, Sargent Chris Kocinski, and Sargent Kyle Stackpole were on-hand to work with the IGDA workshop team. Future meetings are scheduled given the large role our students are playing in this project. Three Quarter 11 students from NEIT’s Game Development and Simulation Programming Technology have registered to complete a co-op on this project for the next two quarters.
Special thanks to Assistant Professor David Johnson, Game Development and Simulation Programming Technology, for his efforts in coordinating this all-important program. | <urn:uuid:86bb299b-c5dc-4e27-8f72-3a6fd986c7b9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.neit.edu/blog/index.php/2013/04/gaming-students-collaborate-with-the-u-s-air-force/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281151.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00115-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938225 | 259 | 1.617188 | 2 |
What goes down must come up
It is a crime. Numerous factories deliberately inject untreated effluents directly into the ground, contaminating underground aquifers. Down …
Only plans, no integration
Shrouded in controversy
A mountaineering expedition into the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve revives the debate on ecotourism and people's rights over forests.
Phulmai's walk - a day in the life of a headloader
Headloaders - collectors of fuelwood in India's woodlands. On the one hand, seen as forest destroyers, on the other, they are the sole support of …
How did it go wrong?
The corrupt and inefficient among pollution control authorities have surrendered India's groundwater to unscrupulous industrial units
Disasters in the making?
Groundwater contamination in India is verging on disastrous proportions, especially with regard to mercury
Going off course
As the Cauvery river dispute between Karnataka and Tamil Nadu gets reduced to a politico-legal wrangle, focal issues remain unaddressed
Battle zone: Humans vs elephants
Afterwards, an eerie silence envelops the field. There is only the crop -- no longer standing -- and the heavy tread gouged in the mud. This is …
Tipaimukh Dam in Manipur driving a wedge?
Imphal, Manipur's capital, came to a grinding halt on August 28, with a strike being called. Imphal's people are habituated to bandhs, and most …
India not on course for clean air target
It is a crime. Numerous factories deliberately inject untreated effluents directly into the ground, contaminating underground aquifers. Down To …
If no action is taken soon, a major ecological disaster is waiting to strike Panipat
The CNG sabotage
To clean up Delhi's air, the Supreme Court ruled in July 1998 that all public transport should move away from diesel and towards compressed …
Bioprocessing - the Indian leather industry braces itself for an environmental facelift
A report by the National Institute of Occupational Health nails endosulfan. Is that why the pesticide establishment wants to keep it under wraps?
Secretive. Exploitative. Is the market in Minor Forest Produce unmanageable? sopan joshi finds out
Asbestos, agribusiness get a leg up
India must focus on rainfed farming
There was a time when it was said that the Indian budget was a gamble on the monsoons. That is not the case any more, with industrial production …
Unrealistic approach killing rural sanitation programme
The traditional forest dweller has had very few entitlements down centuries. Guardian of the forest, he has been regarded as encroacher by the …
The civil spring
Have an aggressive government and an overreaching judiciary curbed dissent?
Collapse of the former Soviet market and an indifferent attitude to quality clips Nilgiris tea industry
In early December 2007, the country prided itself on providing the world with a road map to check the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5NI.…
Tryst with rain
Following the monsoon failure of 1999-2000, two states - Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh - launched crash programmes to encourage water harvesting. An …
A Renewable Crisis
The last time there was a major push for renewable energy alternatives to polluting fossil fuels was in the aftermath of 1970s oil shock. And then,… | <urn:uuid:ea3f7c54-05e2-4506-b3c8-c73290ca33ae> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.downtoearth.org.in/tag/goi?page=3&page=12&page=17&page=26&page=29&page=27&page=29&page=31&page=31&page=29&page=30&sort=desc&sort=desc | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.912323 | 743 | 1.84375 | 2 |
In this beautiful film clip and interview on YouTube, courtesy of the people at Global Oneness Project, His Holiness the 17th Karmapa reflects upon the meaning of 'oneness' in the world today.
"The power of oneness begins as an internal experience," His Holiness teaches. "It comes from the mind’s way of thinking or discerning. We have studied and meditated a great deal on ultimate truth. This kind of study and meditation contributes to an ability to conceptualize oneness, sustain a holistic way of thinking, and foster an all-inclusive and broad universal vision." | <urn:uuid:9e2561cb-1443-4b99-b4e5-03dace28e37b> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://karmapavisit.blogspot.com/2008/05/his-holiness-karmapa-on-oneness-and.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988717954.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183837-00508-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.941984 | 125 | 1.953125 | 2 |
We know that from the age of 40 gaining muscle is complicated for men due to sarcopenia. We are also aware that after two decades flexibility barely has a certain margin of profit. However, can we know if we are fit? A study established that if you are able to complete 40 push-ups, you are in good heart, but the expert Carlos Balsalobre has established “a stupid tradition” for himself that could be a good reference for the rest.
Carlos Balsalobre is researcher in Sports Sciences at the Autonomous University of Madrid and trainer of several professional athletes. In addition, he is one of those athletes who likes to combine the joy of physical exercise with some challenges beyond laboratory measures. And while he endorses the My Jump Lab, a suite of scientific performance-measuring apps, he also understands that there are other, less academic options for how fit you are.
For his birthday, Carlos Balsalobre has shared with his Twitter followers what he considers “a stupid tradition” although it is a good challenge. For each year you have completed you must complete the same number of squats, chest dips and pull-ups. You can rest in the series, as you can see in the video that you have shared on social networks, but you are able to complete it because you have the necessary resistance and strength. It is a good thermometer of the moment in which each one is in the present.
This content is imported from Twitter. You may be able to find the same content in another format, or you may be able to find more information, at their web site.
Of course, the great difficulty comes when they are old, as the expert has recognized. “That’s where the fun is. It’s my special aging test“, the researcher pointed out to someone who asked him if he will be able to complete it with 60 years. “The moment I can’t do it I’ll officially be an old man.. It’s my special aging test. I will have to validate it”, Carlos Balsalobre joked in one of the answers, although with a certain truth.
This content is created and maintained by a third party, and imported onto this page to help users provide their email addresses. You may be able to find more information about this and similar content at piano.io | <urn:uuid:0e1107fc-3ca8-405c-b3d2-5cbfac92b0ea> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dailynewsday.com/2022/08/03/fit-try-the-exercises-of-the-birthday-test/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.964542 | 497 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Use this statement to establish a savepoint within the current transaction.
SAVEPOINT [ savepoint-name ]
Establish a savepoint within the current transaction. The savepoint-name is an identifier that can be used in a RELEASE SAVEPOINT or ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT statement. All savepoints are automatically released when a transaction ends. See Savepoints within transactions.
Savepoints that are established while a trigger or atomic compound statement is executing are automatically released when the atomic operation ends.
You cannot modify data in a proxy table from within a savepoint.
SQL/2003 SQL/foundation feature outside of core SQL. | <urn:uuid:369da179-96bd-4211-9b6a-f53390082c2e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://dcx.sap.com/1001/en/dbrfen10/rf-savepoint-statement.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00049-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.861318 | 134 | 1.539063 | 2 |
We performed this audit to determine whether VBA’s Veterans Retraining Assistance Program (VRAP) was administered to maximize veterans’ use of the program. Congress passed the Veterans Opportunity to Work to Hire Heroes Act authorizing VRAP, in November 2011. As implemented by VA, VRAP offers training assistance to unemployed veterans who are not eligible for any other VA education benefits program. Enrollment for this program expires in March 2014. Early in our audit, we issued an interim report stating that VRAP would not achieve the participant levels authorized by Congress. The Under Secretary for Benefits agreed with our recommendations to accept applications until VBA reached the enrollment limit for this program. This report identifies additional issues since the interim report. We found weak administration of the program allowed veterans to enroll without complying with the program’s full-time attendance requirements, and over half of those veterans inaccurately certified their status as full-time students. We also identified situations where some school officials did not adequately monitor veterans’ academic progress or accurately report enrollment information. In addition, VBA could have better described the penalties for false certifications. VBA also approved one of the schools that did not have appropriate procedures as a training institution. We projected that VBA paid about $12 million to just over 2,300 veterans who were not complying with VRAP attendance requirements. Without increased oversight and controls, VBA risks continuing inappropriate payments to veterans who do not meet full time attendance requirements. We recommended the Under Secretary for Benefits reinforce the schools requirement to monitor veterans’ progress and accurately report enrollments, clarify and establish procedures to manage VRAP, and warn veterans of the penalty for incorrect certifications. If extended beyond March 2014, VBA needs stronger controls to ensure the long-term integrity of the program. The Under Secretary for Benefits concurred with our recommendations and provided plans for corrective actions. | <urn:uuid:3e52d11c-f8cb-43eb-bd66-7009dfca5c83> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.va.gov/oig/publications/report-summary.asp?id=2983 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00008-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948404 | 377 | 1.546875 | 2 |
LAPOP, the Latin American Public Opinion Project, is an annual public opinion survey that involves over 40,000 respondents in 26 countries in Latin America, as well as the United States and other countries in the region such as Jamaica. Questions deal with political and social attitudes, as well as demographic and economic characteristics. The countries represented are Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Chile, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, United, States, Uruguay, and Venezuela.
Questionnaires, codebooks, and other supporting material are downloadable along with each data file.
User tools and features
Users can download complete annual data files from the "Datasets" tab in Stata or SPSS format.
From 2004 to the present.
LAPOP conducts the AmericasBarometer, a regularly conducted, multi-country, survey of democratic values and behaviors in the Americas, organized by a consortium of academic and think-tank partners in the hemisphere. LAPOP prides itself in employing rigorous methodology, employing carefully designed stratified and clustered national samples, dozens of pretests for each new questionnaire module introduced, the widespread use of handheld computers to collect the data, extensive training of interviewers by LAPOP faculty and staff, and free on-line access to all of our data.
Type of coverage
Print counterpart or
Vendor/electronic presentation provider | <urn:uuid:51142b2f-1cab-401e-b30c-a34514b67f40> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.libraries.rutgers.edu/indexes/lapop | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00375-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.863151 | 314 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Ever since the days of the IBM PC Jr., many users have insisted on wireless input devices. The demand has increased with PC presentations because it is much more difficult to run a live presentation from a notebook computer than it is to switch slides or transparencies. Some wireless mice have gyroscopes to broadcast position information. This is cool, but use them in the midst of a presentation, and you might look like you are
Ever since the days of the IBM PC Jr., many users have insisted on wireless input
devices. The demand has increased with PC presentations because it is much more difficult
to run a live presentation from a notebook computer than it is to switch slides or
Some wireless mice have gyroscopes to broadcast position information. This is cool, but
use them in the midst of a presentation, and you might look like you are swatting at
Wireless Computing Inc.s SurfMouse is not really a mouse but rather a simple
two-button touchpad. You run a presentation holding the device in one hand, which leaves
the other free to hold notes or gesture in emphasis.
I found several ergonomic problems with the SurfMouse. Its a little large for
small or medium-sized hands, and it works upside down. The buttons are above the touchpad
rather than below it.
The SurfMouses antenna, properly oriented, should point back at the user. But
when I went around the office and asked co-workers how they would hold the device, nine
out of 10 chose a position with the buttons below the touchpad and the antenna pointing
away. In front of an audience, I wouldnt like to have to keep reminding myself how
to hold the pointing device.
Another problem: The SurfMouses cursor control is sluggish, so be prepared to
accelerate it with the standard mouse driver.
The SurfMouse takes four AAA batteries, which are included. Maybe it needs twice as
many batteries as a set of 180-foot wireless headphones because it has no off switch. Or
perhaps the designers did not keep power consumption in mind.
The Wireless SurfBoard works a little better. It has a standard-size keyboard with a
touchpad in place of a numeric keypadone device to do wireless keyboarding as well
as mousing. This is useful for presenters, trainers, software demonstrators and, as I
discovered, product testers.
A trainer could walk around a classroom to check students progress while still
transmitting commands, for example.
On a whim, I connected the SurfBoard to a keyboard-video-mouse switch that serves a
number of computers being reviewed in the GCN Lab. A KVM switch is an efficient way to run
multiple boxes from a single monitor, keyboard and mouse, but I was constantly having to
leave the keyboard to go pop in a new software CD-ROM or open a chassis. Once I had the
Wireless SurfBoard, I could carry the keyboard and mouse around with me.
The SurfBoard would be a special boon to cramped offices where users must compromise on
their PC placements because of short keyboard or mouse cords.
Like the SurfMouse, the SurfBoard requires four batteries, but of the AA type. The
SurfBoard has a MIDI-out port and a PS/2 mouse port. If you dont like the touchpad,
you can connect a mouse to the keyboard.
The SurfBoard keys have no real key-click and feel mushy. If the designers had added an
eraser-tip pointing device like the ones on IBM Corp. and Toshiba America Information
Systems Inc. notebooks, they could have kept the numeric keypad.
But the underlying technology of the devices is sound. Both give the option of four
separate RF channels, so using more than one wireless device in an office should not cause
interference. I found the response excellentno difference in normal use from the
The ergonomic aspects are below par, however, and the SurfMouse is by far the worst.
For presentations or training, I would choose the SurfBoard. You might not plan on needing
a keyboard for presentations, but would you want to be stuck without one?
NEXT STORY: Data warehousing and the Web | <urn:uuid:e142e736-dcb3-4c93-8fa1-38f9e7abf658> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gcn.com/1999/03/wireless-presentation-tools-not-ready-for-the-stage/309239/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.936698 | 893 | 2.34375 | 2 |
Making a Difference
So, why does anyone think a registry could make a difference? The best you could hope from a registry is a new bunch of civil suits wasting court resources to go after spammers who wont be found anyway. But once we have a generally accepted SMTP authentication system in place, things change. You can imagine a lot of CAN-SPAM being a lot more enforceable. As a side effect, I would expect almost all of the big spammers to move operations offshore, but its possible that they would then become more filterable. Clearly, we would be in a better position than we are now, and filtering software would be able to work much better than it does.Schumer also makes the inevitable and naive analogy to the do-not-call registry. But the phone system doesnt allow for identity spoofing as readily as does the e-mail system. And Im not so enthusiastic about how well the do-not-call registry is working either. The law is riddled with exceptions for charities, for people doing phony surveys and for any vendor with whom you already do business. I get lots of calls, and Ive been on the registry since day one. Of course, a politician doesnt really need a functioning system, just a system they can take credit for. And registry proponents seem oblivious to the potential for ironic abuse in the system; that the list would become available to spammers and turn into a "Please Spam Me" list. Face it, folks, were dealing with a completely amoral bunch, and they would abuse it if possible. Penalties for such abuse are just closing the barn door after the horse is long gone. The proposals coming out of MARID are not perfect by any means, and it would be better if they were not controversial in the industry. But they have a much better chance of improving things on the ground for e-mail users than any phony global opt-out list. Security Center Editor Larry Seltzer has worked in and written about the computer industry since 1983. Check out eWEEK.coms Security Center at http://security.eweek.com for the latest security news, reviews and analysis.
For insights on security coverage around the Web, check out eWEEK.com Security Center Editor Larry Seltzers Weblog. | <urn:uuid:064c6df4-0644-40a0-afeb-4e4f0c3ad92b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.eweek.com/c/a/Security/FTC-Shows-Common-Sense-with-No-on-Spam-List/1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00335-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968024 | 467 | 1.867188 | 2 |
There are many resources available for people who have dedicated their careers to helping. The specific utility of these tools, will be related to the nature of the helping enterprise in which an individual works. However, the broad categories of resources include:
- Best practices for understanding people’s stories including how to ask difficult questions
- Models for developing an action plan (or treatment plan, permanency plan, individual education plan or plan of care) using communimetric tools
- Strategies for using data obtained from communimetric tools for monitoring individual progress, supervision, programs and agency performance, and system improvement.
You can find many of these resources either on our collaborative distance learning platform at tcomtraining.com or on the blog of the international TCOM collaborative at tcomconversations.org. If you cannot find what you are looking for, please send us an email and we will send you the requested materials or perhaps link you with colleagues in the international collaborative who are working on the same topic. | <urn:uuid:d8af01ee-4cb8-457e-a41e-c48b7715d219> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://praedfoundation.org/resources/helpers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.926285 | 206 | 1.890625 | 2 |
Symbiota Collections of Arthropods Network (SCAN): A Data Portal Built to Visualize, Manipulate, and Export Species Occurrences
The Symbiota Collections of Arthropods Network (SCAN) grew from the Southwest Collections of Arthropods Network TCN (Thematic Collections Network), which focuses on ground-dwelling arthropods. SCAN will continue to add data for all arthropod taxa with a focus on North America. SCAN is built on Symbiota, a web-based collections database system that is used for other taxonomic data portals, including (Symbiota Portals). SCAN is the primary repository for occurrence data produced by the Lepidoptera of North America Network TCN (LepNet). We also serve arthropod data produced by InvertEBAse TCN and encourage museums to serve mollusk records on their data portal.
Important features of all Symbiota databases include:
The key organizational feature is that each museum or project is listed as a separate collection, so that one database group does not interfere with another. End users can select all "collections", or just a subset. This website is the central data portal for SCAN; all other project information can be found here, including How-To-Guides and network updates.
SCAN currently serves over 8.8 million records and 380,000 images.
This project made possible by National Science Foundation Award EF 1207371 | <urn:uuid:6de85864-62f2-4bfd-9c41-e9e91adb86be> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://symbiota4.acis.ufl.edu/scan/portal/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719465.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00097-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.900837 | 305 | 3.171875 | 3 |
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