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19-Sep-2005 -- It was exciting to discover an unindexed confluence point with land well in sight, but very disappointing to discover it too late to make it a succesful visit. We were heading to Norway from Bjørnøya (Bear Island, 179 sq km, 440 km N of Norway) with M/S Origo, a ship that offers passenger cruises around Svalbard during the summer. (I heard from the crew that another confluence hunter had visited with the same ship two confluences (79N11E and 80N17E) only two weeks earlier!) We joined the ship in the town of Longyearbyen in Spitsbergen to bring it to Sweden. The ice conditions in Svalbard don’t allow passenger cruises during winter. A storm threatened to hit us before getting to the shelter of the Norwegian archipelago, and by the time I realised that land would be well in sight in N74E19, it was too late to ask the captain (Jarkko Koivisto) to deviate from the planned route. Indeed, we did not make it to the shelter before the storm hit us, with force even higher than predicted (wind force 9 and wave force 10, according to the captain). At times the waves and winds were so high and powerful, that we were drifting backwards. Eventually we arrived in Tromsø 26 hours later than expected. Although we missed the confluence by 7130 metres, the island is certainly visible from the confluence as well, since the distance to the southern tip of Bjørnøya from the confluence is 39.1 km, whereas the picture was taken from 40.0 km from the island. Visibility in the area is generally very poor, so we were quite fortunate to get the picture. We were also lucky to have the chance to visit the island. It has no harbor or properly sheltered anchoring place, and the waves often make the island inaccessible.
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Our world today is connected by the internet. We have internet on our computers, tablets, and now, phones. Social media overwhelms our day with alerts and notifications, and along with social media is news media. When a story breaks it does not take long for everyone to get word. No one can deny that the media is in general, negatively toned. No one can also deny the fact that there are many more stories surfacing about gun violence today than in the past. So, should you own a gun? The media has hindered the way Americas should view guns. Guns are not bad, but rather, irresponsible people with guns are bad. The media has been able to enter the minds of Americas, convincing them that guns should be banned. Think with me for a second. When a gun is misused by a person we typically call them the bad guy. Bad guys will always have guns and misuse them, even if they are banned. Now on the contrary, what if everyone were to have a gun? What if more people obtained a conceal carry permit? If people realized that the odds of someone around them having a gun are greater than the odds of someone not having a gun, there would be fewer misuses of guns. I live in Kennesaw, Georgia, where a law was passed that the home owner is required to own a gun. Since the passing of this law the crime rate has decreased. Continue Reading at YoungPatriots.com
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Day finally winding down. About to punch internal time clock. Another important week next week. Well, every day and week has something of significance contained in it. “Act as if everything you do matters” (William James) The key word for me is “everything.” You can hurt someone with a work or a glance. You can uplift someone with a word or a glance. Doing chores, taking good care of the pets, getting the cars tuned up, making coffee for your spouse or significant other or friend, speaking kindly to a clerk who is obviously depressed, pulling the lever on election day, writing a poem, painting a picture, treating a child with love and respect always, seeking justice not only for yourself, but for others, even taking time to relax and just let go of worries and simply having fun…it is all significant and plays a part in shaping a complete life of service, creativity, love, respect, and responsibility…Life on this earth is short. No time to waste lifting yourself up by putting someone else down. And every time you speak the truth when to lie or distort the truth would be easier or more self-serving, every time, that is significant in terms of building healthy relationships and a healthy culture.
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Target: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Goal: To require explicit consent for medical students before performing invasive pelvic exams on anesthetized women Only four states in the U.S. currently mandate that in order for a medical student to perform a pelvic exam during a woman’s gynecological operation, the doctor must obtain specific consent prior to the procedure. In every other state, patients simply sign a tedious form indicating somewhere on it that they agree to allow medical students to be “involved in their care,” but without knowing specifically how they will be involved. This is also known as “implied consent,” but due to the extremely personal nature of the procedure, it should be mandatory for doctors to fully inform their patients of medical students’ participation and ask for clear consent beforehand. The reason why many doctors don’t already do this is because they’re eager to provide their students with the hands-on experience and many feel they face enough regulation as it is. When asked in a survey if women would consent to pelvic exams by medical students if their doctors asked them directly, approximately 75% of them said yes. When asked by the students themselves, only about half answered yes. These statistics are seen as deterrents by doctors and so they avoid the issue altogether if they can. It is a real problem, though, since clearly a significant number of women would not consent to a pelvic exam by a medical student if they knew it was happening. Tell the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services that we respect the concerns of women undergoing gynecological procedures under anesthesia and that ignoring them equals a blatant invasion needing to be addressed. We must require explicit consent for pelvic exams conducted by medical students in all 50 states, or else we allow the misinformation to spread and invasion to continue as a result. Dear U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, In all but 4 states, there is no law in place mandating doctors to ask for specific consent before allowing medical students to perform pelvic exams on anesthetized women during gynecological operations. This needs to change, due to the personal territory of the procedure and ethical obligation to tell the patient the extent of a medical student’s involvement. Implicit consent is not enough, and the vast majority of women have no idea that someone other than their doctor might have a very invasive role in their operation. They may not agree to this, and in that case it’s necessary to ask. Please require specific consent for pelvic exams done by medical students during gynecological surgeries. Guidelines are not enough. Regulation needs to implemented into the policies of teaching hospitals across the U.S., so that everyone can abide by the same ethical standard and we can continue to hold our hospitals in high esteem. [Your Name Here] Photo credit: Fotopedia
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In one of the most heartening indications that Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev’s promise of political openness in Russia was becoming a reality, committees in the Soviet legislature pass a bill allowing the publication of books, newspapers, and magazines without government approval. The law was a break with the Soviet past, in which government censorship of the press was a fact of life. Throughout the post-World War II period, censorship in the Soviet Union grew even stronger than during the pre-war years. Under the cloak of “protecting” the Russian citizenry from “decadent” Western ideas and “reactionary” ideologies, the Soviet government routinely censored the press. Newspapers were merely organs of the Soviet Communist Party. Books and magazine articles had to be approved prior to publication. Authors like Boris Pasternak, whose novel Dr. Zhivago was banned in 1956, found it impossible to publish in the Soviet Union. Censorship also extended to the arts and music. In 1985, however, Mikhail Gorbachev came to power in Russia, promising what he called “glasnost”–a freer political atmosphere in the Soviet Union. In the following years, he freed political prisoners and even permitted Pasternak to be posthumously readmitted to the Soviet writers’ union. In September 1989, a particularly important step was taken to restrict the government’s power of censorship. Important committees in the Soviet legislature approved a new law to which Gorbachev soon gave his own approval. It permitted Soviet citizens to publish books, newspapers, and magazines without prior government approval. Some restrictions still existed–all publishers had to register with the government, and their publications could be suspended if they were judged to “promote war or racism, advocate ethnic or religious intolerance, or appeal for the violent overthrow or change of the existing state and public order.” Despite the restrictions, the 1989 law was evidence that Gorbachev was intent on making good his promise to open up the Soviet political system. Soviet journalists and writers celebrated the act, but Gorbachev’s reforms to the Soviet system may have been too little, too late. In a little more than two years, economic and political turmoil in the Soviet Union destroyed his power base. In December 1991, he resigned as president and the Soviet Union ceased to exist as a nation.
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Among human rights activists, he’s often compared to Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr., but Archbishop Emeritus Desmond Tutu demurs at those comparisons. The South African cleric jokes that he won the 1984 Nobel Peace Prize mostly because the Nobel Committee was looking for an anti-apartheid figure whose last name was easy to pronounce. “What I am is a good captain,” he says. “I utilize the talents and brilliance of the people on the team, and when the team plays well and wins, I get the kudos.” Interview by Daniel McGinn You aspired to become a physician, but instead became a teacher and then a clergyman. Did you ever consider a career in business? No—I wouldn’t have been good at that. When I have a little money, I spend it. And in the South Africa in which I grew up, you knew there was always going to be a ceiling; they wouldn’t let a black person really prosper, and you’d be doing business under very serious constraints. Probably the only kind of businessperson a black person could be was a storekeeper, and the restrictions were so severe: You couldn’t have your store in the white part of town; you were restricted in what you could do; you were restricted in terms of the customers you could serve. There was no way in which you could really become a serious rival to the main white shops. You were on totally unequal footing, and I don’t think I’d have wanted to frustrate myself to that extent. Overcoming apartheid took a remarkably long time. How did you find the patience? For one thing, we didn’t walk around feeling sorry for ourselves. We lived in a deprived setup, but we were not chafing at the bit. We were not sitting in the corner and weeping all the time—we were playing. We had fun. Life, to the extent that it could be, was fun. We also weren’t as political as later generations were. But people can survive only so much repression—look at Libya, which lived that way for 40 years. Didn’t they look around and see other parts of Africa gaining freedom? How come they allowed it? But it’s an evolution. There’s a lovely phrase in one of Paul’s epistles: “In the fullness of time.” Things are happening. There must have been people in Egypt who stood up for human rights, and it looked like they’d failed. But nothing is ever lost. The apparent failure is not in fact a failure. It’s not something that dissipated into the ether. Would apartheid have fallen faster in the age of Twitter and Facebook? It might have. But actually people were able to communicate in spite of the Special Branch—a vicious security force that seemed to know everything about everything. Our community was riddled with informants. Someone who was suspected of being an informant would get a “burning necklace”—a tire around the neck that they’d light on fire. That’s how they executed you. We always tried to step in, but there’s no way to prove you’re not an informant. But despite the imprisonments and the leaders who were exiled, people were not deterred. It just made them more determined. Dictators always think they are going to be there forever. Look at the number of African leaders who claimed they’d be president for life. [Big laugh.] How did you build a coalition from such disparate groups? I was just building on what other people were doing. During the struggle we were noble. People were altruistic—they weren’t struggling against apartheid for what they could gain personally. Now, after apartheid, we’re shocked to discover that people can be corrupt, that they can be working for their own self-advancement. But that wasn’t the case during the struggle: It was really this incredible coalition. And it wasn’t just in South Africa. You could go to almost any country in the world and you would find an anti-apartheid group. It was an extraordinary phenomenon. How did you learn to use humor in leadership? I have a family that likes pulling people’s legs. They can be very funny. When you have to survive in that environment, you have to be pretty sharp yourself. In South Africa we became experts at conducting funerals, and people were angry and hurt over the mistreatment. But we also had this wonderful capacity to laugh. If we hadn’t, we would have gone crazy. You know the saying—if we didn’t laugh, we’d have to cry. I’m also aware that I was constantly being prayed for. There were times when I’d say something unrehearsed that surprised me, and I’d wonder, “Did I really say that? That was pretty smart.” But it couldn’t have just come spontaneously. Looking back, I have no doubt that some dear old ladies were kneeling down at Eucharist somewhere, praying to help the people struggling in South Africa. That prayer happened just at a time when I needed it. I believe that very firmly.
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Our parents started our farm in 1976 with a vision and passion for organic and sustainable agriculture that led them to become early pioneers in this movement. In 1992, our mother, Kathleen Barsotti, founded Farm Fresh To You, our Community-Supported Agriculture (CSA) service, delivering farm-fresh, local, organic produce to homes and offices in California. It was her belief that an important part of sustainable agriculture is connecting people to the land that grows their food. After a courageous nine-year battle with breast cancer, our mother passed away in 2000. As a way to honor her memory, the Kathleen Barsotti Non-Profit for Sustainable Agriculture (KBNP) was created in 2009. The goal of the non-profit is to promote the method of agriculture that Kathleen supported, a method that preserves the land for future generations, protects the people who work on the farm and contributes to the local economy. CONNECTING WITH OUR COMMUNITY In 2009, the Kathleen Barsotti Non-Profit began its activities by awarding a $500 scholarship to a young student planning to study agriculture and promote sustainable practices after graduation. This scholarship has been awarded to a new student every year since. As it was always very important to Kathleen to give back to the farm-worker community, one of the goals of KBNP is to increase the resources that are available to farm workers and their families. Our additional programs include providing backpacks filled with school supplies to children of farm workers, providing a yearly college scholarship to a young-adult with ambitions of working in sustainable agriculture, supporting English-as-a-second-language classes for farm workers, and educating the public on the importance of sustainable farms. BECAUSE OF YOU! Each year, the farm in Capay has three special events that bring our various communities together at the Capay Organic/Farm Fresh To You farm to enjoy live music, fantastic local food and an opportunity to meet their farmer and connect with the land that grows their food. Our events are another way that we raise awareness and support for KBNP. This year, we added Seasonal Farm-to-Fork Dinners to our line up of special events. These dinners have provided a unique experience to sit down with farmer and chef, enjoy a meal together and share about the mutual passion for sustainable and organic practices. |Seasonal Farm-to-Fork Dinner at Mulvaney's B&L Restaurant.| These events have allowed us to provide more education and support than ever before! But there's something else that happened this year that stole our hearts and show us that our mother's life work and dreams are taking root and growing! This year we promoted our annual backpack/school supplies drive in our newsletter and on our Farm Fresh To You Facebook page and you, our community reached back with an outpouring of over $3,800 from these efforts alone!
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Waste is a huge problem! It poisons everything – our air, our water and the soil. We buy, we use, we throw! How often do we think where does it go? What is our role in change? We send 220 trucks of garbage out every day and our landfill in Bhandwari is overflowing with 25,000 MT of waste! “Where does it go?” is an initiative by iamgurgaon with the Municipal Corporation of Gurugram, with the focus of building more awareness around the mounting problem of waste and how it impacts us. This time working together through the medium of art. Art is an alternative but effective medium to create awareness and has the potential to change mind-sets. Well-known artist ARUN KUMAR HG has agreed to lead this with a team of twelve local artists. They will buy xanax paypal together build an immersive installation of waste over 10 days that essentially epitomizes a city made of waste at the Wazirabad Bundh. We hope the looming structure makes us ask the question the critical question- Are we creating cities of waste? Over the last few weeks schools, RWAs and corporates have worked with us to collect recyclable, reusable waste to build greater awareness around the need to segregate while collecting the waste required for the installation. Where does it go is a great example of a partnership between government, civil society and corporates to bring attention to an important problem. Boston Scientific is supporting the program and organisations like SAAF, ArtPilgrim, eco green, NAMO, saahas have come together to make the initiative a success. This installation launches GIPA a project we are very excited.
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This step-by-step illustrated guide explains how to make group decisions using Sujjest, thoroughly detailing all the major actions you’re likely to take. Create a prompt In Sujjest, every group decision begins with a prompt. A prompt is a question or subject that participants respond to by suggesting options and voting. For example, “Where should we meet for dinner?”, “When to have the family reunion”, or “Next book for our book club”. A good prompt makes it clear what kind of options you’re calling for and will inspire participants to brainstorm and suggest attractive possibilities. To create a new prompt, tap the prompt composer, type in a prompt, then hit enter or the send arrow to begin the session. Every decision in Sujjest is a group decision. Everyone can invite others to help make the decision, so whoever initiates the session isn’t necessarily expected to invite everyone else to the group or “lead” the session. To open the invite panel, tap the big plus to the right of the participant list. If no contacts are listed in the invite panel yet or if you wish to invite a contact who is not listed you can type their email and then tap the plus icon to add them to the list of participants. If you signed up for Sujjest through Google, your contacts will appear in the invite panel. When you tap a contact that isn’t on Sujjest yet, they’ll be added to the participant list and will receive an invitation to participate by email. It’s a good idea to only invite people you think are likely to participate in the group decision, otherwise you may end up with too many unresponsive participants to decide effectively together. It’s sometimes best to invite a smaller group of engaged people, then invite the rest to join in once a plan is in motion. Suggest an option Anyone invited to help make a decision may add options—it’s not necessary for one person to make all the suggestions. To suggest an option, tap the option addition icon or the hint text “Suggest an option” beside it. Type a title for the option, then submit it by hitting enter or tapping the option addition icon again. Your option will show up under the prompt, on the race track where the option competition takes place. Vote on options With Sujjest, you can vote as many options as you like toward the finish line. Just tap the option’s icon to move it a step closer to the finish line. The option icons that face you are the options that you haven’t approved yet. When you approve an option, its icon will turn to face the finish line and it will move a step closer to it. You can see how many people have voted for an option by which step it’s on. If you tap an option that you’ve already approved, your vote will be removed and the option icon will move one step back from the finish line. Options you suggest start out with your vote. If you tap an option that no participant besides you has approved, a dialog will come up to confirm that you wish to delete the option. Move the finish line Just as the position of an option tells you how many people have voted for it, the position of the finish line shows how many votes are needed for an option to win, becoming the group decision. And just as everyone in the group has equal control over the position of each option, everyone in the group has equal control over the position of the finish line. The finish line always starts just below the rightmost step of the racetrack, meaning that everyone in the group would need to agree to get an option across it. Everyone may lower the finish line one step, which allows the group to decide with fewer of the participants in agreement on an option. When you tap the finish line, it moves a step closer to all the options and if you’ve already moved the finish line closer, tapping it again raises it a step. If there are multiple prompts and option races going on at the same time in a session, you’ll see that the number of votes for an option to win any prompt in that session is the same across all of its prompts, so that when you tap the finish line, you change its position for all the undecided prompts. Decide as a group A group decision may be made either by tapping an option over the finish line or by lowering the finish line over an option. If there are multiple prompts and option races going on in a session at the same time and the prompts each have options on the step just below the finish line, then tapping the finish line down may result in multiple group decisions made at once. Add a related prompt Sessions begin with one prompt, but participants can decide more than one prompt together during a session. For example, after deciding “Where to go for dinner” a group might want to decide “What time.” A related prompt can be added at any point, whether the first prompt has been decided or not. To add a related prompt, tap the menu control in the upper right corner and choose “Add related prompt”. An area for submitting a related prompt will appear where you can type in the related prompt’s title, then tap “Submit.” Agree to a decision the group made without you The prompts within a session are always logically related. For example, if you didn’t vote for the winning option in “Where to go for dinner”, then you’ll need to agree to the restaurant the group chose before you can help them decide “Meet when?” This keeps people on the same page, so your group won’t end up with some participants agreeing to one decided detail but not another, creating confusion about who’s really down with the whole plan. When the group decides on an option that you didn’t vote for, or if you’re invited to a group that’s already made one or more decisions already, you’ll see a check box beside the decision(s) that you may check if you agree. If you don’t agree, you’ll still be able to comment and view any related decisions that the group might be making. See which options a participant voted for Sometimes you’re curious what options a friend has approved. Knowing what they support may be relevant to which options you go with. You’ve already seen that when you vote on an option or move the finish line, the participants that have approved and moved it are highlighted and circled in the participant list. You can also directly see every option a participant voted for at once by tapping and holding your finger on their participant icon (or click and hold with the cursor on devices that do not have touch screens). This action will colorize all the options the participant has approved. Upload a profile picture When you first sign up for Sujjest, your participant icon will only have your initials displayed in it by default. To upload a profile picture, navigate to your profile page. If you are currently viewing a session, tap the back button to return to the index, then on the index, tap your participant icon in the prompt composer. On your profile page, on mobile you’ll see an “EDIT” button on top of your participant icon. To reveal the EDIT button on devices without touch screens, hover your cursor over your participant icon. Tap the EDIT button and you will be able to choose a photo from your device. While on your profile page, at the top right you’ll see a menu control (the 3 vertical dots ⋮ ) with additional actions you can take. These actions include the ability to update your name, change your highlight color, and log out. That concludes our how-to guide! If you have questions about these actions, navigation, or any other features of Sujjest, don’t hesitate to contact us on Twitter @sujjestion, or by email email@example.com. Now that you know all the ins and outs of making group decisions using Sujjest, you can sign up and start using it!
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I'm planning to sell a Canadian product (ice cider) in an overseas market. What should I do in preparation of launching my product in UK. I really need a detailed information about this, since im planning to do it in one month or so, I know that in UK they like cider and they have pear cider and apple but what they don't have is the ice cider. I'm willing to try. I think this is more about cross cultural comunication (I need to know what kind of blunders might encounter, traditions, how English people are in the sense of a new foreign product) and international business. The United Kingdom (UK) is comprised of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. It is important not only to be aware of these geographical distinctions but also the strong sense of identity and nationalism felt by the populations of these four countries. The terms 'English' and 'British' are not interchangeable. 'British' denotes someone who is from England, Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland. 'English' refers to people from England. People from Scotland are referred to as 'Scots'. People from England are not likely to take offence at being called "English", whereas a Welsh, Scots, or Northern Irish person will. Formerly a very homogenous society, since World War II, Britain has become increasingly diverse as it has accommodated large immigrant populations. The mixture of ethnic groups and cultures make it difficult to define British as looking or acting in one particular manner. People may sound British and retain the cultural heritage of their forefathers while others may become more British than someone who can trace his/her lineage to the 5th century. The British are rather formal. Many from the older generation still prefer to work with people and ... The solution contains information about the proper etiquette and cultural differences in the UK.
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Journal article Open Access Alejandro Suarez; Fran Real; Victor M. Vega; Guillermo Heredia; Angel Rodriguez Castaño; Anibal Ollero The ability of aerial manipulation robots to reach and operate in high altitude workspaces may result of interest in a wide variety of applications and scenarios that nowadays cannot be accessed easily by human operators. Consider for example the installation of sensors in polluted areas, the insulation of leaks in pipe structures, or the corrosion repair in power lines and wind turbines. This paper describes the application of a human-like dual arm aerial manipulator for the inspection of pipe structures, typical of chemical plants, involving the installation and retrieval of sensor devices. The goal is to reduce the time, cost, and risk with respect to conventional solutions conducted by human workers. Two configurations of the aerial robot are considered and compared: the standard, in which the arms are installed at the base of the multirotor, and the long reach configuration in passive pendulum, which extends the effective workspace of the manipulator and increases safety during the operation on flight. The kinematic and dynamic models of both configurations are derived, proposing a unified notation for the equations of motion, and a force/position control scheme that relies on the servo controller and the mechanical joint compliance. The paper also describes a simulation framework used for validating the execution of the aerial manipulation task before the realization of the real experiments, which contributes to reducing the probability of failure. The potential application of the standard and long reach configurations is evaluated in two sensor installation tasks carried out in an indoor testbed.
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New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Forest Rangers respond to search and rescue incidents in the Adirondacks. Working with other state agencies, local emergency response organizations and volunteer search and rescue groups, Forest Rangers locate and extract lost, injured or distressed people from the Adirondack backcountry. What follows is a report, prepared by DEC, of recent missions carried out by Forest Rangers in the Adirondacks. Town of Fort Anne Rescue: On March 30 at 4:15 pm three Forest Rangers responded to a call to DEC Ray Brook Dispatch reporting a 47-year-old female who had sustained an ankle injury on a trail in the Pilot Knob Preserve. The trail, located on Lake George Land Conservancy property, had become icy in recent days. The subject was given medical treatment in the field for her injury and carried out to an awaiting ATV, which took her to an ambulance. The subject was back at the trailhead by 6:11 pm, and transported to the nearest hospital for further care. Be Prepared: Properly prepare and plan before entering the backcountry. Visit DEC’s Hiking Safety webpage and Adirondack Trail Information webpage for more information about where you intend to travel. The Adirondack Almanack reports weekly Outdoor Conditions each Thursday afternoon.
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What To Expect After Surgery One of the most common questions patients will ask after we decide on the surgery, after we decide on their treatment plan: “What do I expect? What can I do? What can I not do?” Well, a lot of it has to do with the type of surgery that’s recommended between you and your surgeon. Patients who receive lumpectomy or partial mastectomy will usually have two incisions, sometimes one depending on the location of the tumor to the lymph node. Those are usually small incisions. Most surgeons will put sutures under the skin. They’ll use some type of dressing, whether it’s a surgical glue or a Steri-Strip or a combination of both. Those patients usually can go about their normal activity a day or two after surgery, not a whole lot of limitations. We do tell patients not to do any heavy lifting or really physical exertion like exercising or lifting weights for about a week or two, but you can do most things. Most patients can do sponge baths a day or two after surgery, and they can do a full shower usually after the second day. If we’re using glue or dressings, after a couple of days, those incisions are pretty much intact. Patients who have mastectomies, their recovery is a little bit longer. It’s a much bigger incision, especially if you had reconstruction done after that. Some of those patients will even have drains. These are little tubes that come out of the skin and have a little bubble in the end. And what those drains are for is to collect the fluid that builds up after we remove a large area of tissue, i.e. the breast, the body likes to fill that up with fluid, and that keeps that fluid from building up. Those patients, we usually say you can sponge bath and do showers after a couple of days, but not to do any really physical activity, heavy lifting, for at least two weeks or until the drains are out. So those patients have a little bit longer of a recovery time, but the same applies, just use good common sense. 1. Patients who receive lumpectomy or partial mastectomy usually can go about their normal activity a day or two after surgery. 2. Most patients can do sponge baths a day or two after surgery, and a full shower after the second day. 3. If glue or dressings are used, the incisions are pretty much intact after a couple of days. 4. Recovery is a bit longer for mastectomies, especially with reconstruction – some patients will have drains, which are little tubes that come out of the skin with a little bubble in the end. 5. Patients with drains can sponge bath and do showers after a couple of days, but not any real physical activity or heavy lifting for at least two weeks or until the drains are out.
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|Two methods of surveying were employed across the Wet Woodland Area. One looked at the ground level plants and employed a random sampling method. The other survey method covered all trees greater than 2m in height, recording the percentage of each species in an area, along with other data such as the maximum height attained by each species. Initial inspection of the Wet Woodland revealed six 1) Wet Seepage 2) Stony Area 4) Bluebell Area 5) The Mound 6) Non-native cherry Area Ground Level Plant Survey Method For our survey purposes, ground level plants were limited to all those up to and including 2 metres in height. Each of the six areas was treated separately for the purposes of the survey. To avoid a huge work load in data collection from the entire Wet Woodland area, a method of sampling was employed called Stratified Random Quadrat Sampling. Random Sampling. A square wooden frame with sides of 1m length known as a quadrat is placed on the ground at a position determined by random numbers. Plant species within the square are recorded, along with the percentage cover within the square and the maximum height to which the species is growing there.
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Burrup Peninsula, Pilbara Imagine wandering through an outdoor gallery filled with up to a million pieces of priceless Australian art! Murujuga National Park’s Burrup Peninsula and Dampier Archipelago showcases what is thought to be the highest concentration of rock engravings of any known site in the world. With Aboriginal people living there for more than 50,000 years the engravings, have been estimated to be as old as 37,000 years. The petroglyphs are diverse depicting a record of what was meaningful to the Aboriginal people of the Pilbara and beyond. From human figures and birds, to marine life and extinct creatures the art provides an insight into an ancient world. Deep Gorge situated on the Burrup Peninsula is a popular site for those wanting to see these traditional engravings. The heritage listed rock art is sacred for Aboriginal people and its traditional custodians the Ngarluma-Yindjibarndi, the Yaburara-Mardudhunera and the Woon-goo-tt-oo. How to get there: The Burrup Peninsula is situated about five kilometres north-east of the town of Dampier. When visiting the peninsula please take note of the signage which asks visitors not to climb onto the rocks and to abstain from taking photographs of humanoid rock art figures due to cultural restrictions. Take a guided tour with Clinton through the Murujuga National Park, which has the highest concentration of rock art in the world and rediscover the petroglyphs (rock art) created by the Yaburrara (Northern Ngarluma) people. More information and bookings. North West Shelf Visitor Centre Includes interactive displays that invite you to look, touch, feel and listen as you learn. Overlooking the Karratha Gas Plant, the visitors centre is situated on the Burrup Peninsula Road about 20km from Karratha. More information.
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Developing On Linux |These instructions are for Audacity 2.1.1 or earlier. Audacity 2.1.2 requires wxWidgets 3.x (at time of writing, preferably 3.0.2). This page will be updated in due course.| |Users on Linux and Unix systems often compile Audacity from source code to experiment with the latest version, or even the latest code in GitHub. This page describes the requirements for the latter case, i.e. compiling and making changes to development code that has not been released. Compiling Audacity, or any GNU/Linux application for that matter, is basically a six stage process. - Install build tools: the applications needed to create other applications. - Install dependencies: other software used by the application you are trying to compile - Download the source code into a local directory. - Configure the compile with options, if any. The first and second stages are crucial: lack of build tools and required dependencies are the cause of 99% of failed compiles. This page should help with that. The standard commands to compile a piece of software for stages 4, 5 and 6 are as follows, issued from within the local directory containing the source code. - CONFIGURE: $ ./configure --[options-list] - COMPILE: $ make - INSTALL: $ sudo make install Most Linux distributions come with the core set of development tools already installed, but if not you will need to install the following packages, probably from your distribution's package manager: - Shell. The configure script for Audacity is generated for a bourne-compatible shell. It is very unlikely that your system does not have one of these, but if in doubt, install the Bash shell. - GNU Make Other Makes may work, but may well not. Make on any Linux system will be GNU make. - CMake is required to build libsoxr which is the Audacity default resampling library. - GCC (at least the C and C++ compilers) from GNU Compiler Collection. The only other compiler actively maintained by the Audacity development team is Microsoft's Visual C++, although we welcome patches to make Audacity compile with other compilers, for example the OpenSolaris compiler. - Autoconf Application which writes configure scripts. Needed to modify the build system - Automake Application which writes Makefiles. Needed to modify the build system - Git Source code version control application - Patch Application for applying patches to files - GDB The GNU Debugger (for debugging crashes; see note below) - gettext. In order to build the translations for Audacity the tools are required. These are normally installed in order to be able to build wxWidgets (see below). Audacity requires relatively few libraries and tools to build a minimum working application. There are then a larger number of optional libraries that extend Audacity to enable more features and facilities. It's therefore up to you whether you install these or not. If you don't install them, then decide later you need the extra features, you will need to rebuild Audacity after installing the extra libraries. Note that some Linux distributions make a practice of splitting each library they package into two parts, those required for running applications using the library, and all the other files only needed when compiling applications using the library. The latter are often found in a package with a -dev suffix to the name. For the purposes of these instructions, whenever a library is listed as being needed, it means that both parts are needed in order to compile Audacity. These libraries are required to build Audacity. The main requirement to build Audacity is wxWidgets. WX 3.0 is required, preferably 3.0.2. Older wxGTK 3.0.x versions may have bugs or missing features which stop Audacity working. Audacity supports for Linux (and other Unices) requires the wxGTK implementation of wxWidgets. There is no support for wxQt, wxX11 or other wx variants, as they are incomplete in key areas. The GTK+ headers are also required as Audacity includes extensions to wxGTK which need the underlying toolkit headers to compile. Whilst building Audacity with a standard distribution-supplied wxGTK 3.0.2 package will work fine, it will be difficult to debug some features as wxWidgets will have been built in Release mode (even if the debugging symbols package has been installed). For Audacity development you will want to compile wxGTK from source in debug mode, thus obtaining both a full set of debug symbols and additional checking in the wxWidgets code. This copy of wxWidgets does not have to be installed as the system copy, provided that the WX_CONFIG environment variable is used to tell the configure script to use the debug build. For example if your debug build of wxWidgets is in /home/user/dev/wxbuild/ then run (by putting the environment variable after the configure script invocation, the setting will be cached by the configure script and you don't need to re-specify it when re-configuring Audacity as you would if it was placed before the invocation). We also have some notes on the libraries already supplied with different Linux Distributions. For example, Ubuntu tend to update to newer libraries sooner than Debian do. libsndfile is required to build Audacity. It is almost certainly already installed on your system, although you may have to install the development package (see above). It is rarely necessary to compile libsndfile from source, although a copy is also included in Audacity on GitHub. Packages and features options The configure script of Audacity gives the option to link in or not to link in a number of optional packages or features, and to link to a local or system version of the required libsndfile library. In the case of resampling libraries there is a choice of three packages but only one or none must be used. |audiounits||enable Audio Units plug-in support (Mac only) [default=auto]| |expat||which expat to use for XML file support: [local], [system]| |FFmpeg||use FFmpeg for import and export support| |GStreamer||include GStreamer import/export support| |ladspa||enable LADSPA plug-in support [default=yes]| |libflac||use libFLAC for FLAC support: [local], [system], [none]| |libid3tag||use libid3tag for MP3 ID3 tag support| |libmad||use libmad for mp3 decoding support| |libresample||Alternative sample rate conversion algorithm instead of the default, recommended libsoxr: [local], [system], [none]| |libsamplerate||Alternative sample rate conversion algorithm instead of the default, recommended libsoxr: [local], [system], [none]. Should not be used if VST plug-in support is enabled, due to licensing reasons.| |libsndfile||choose which libsndfile to use: [local], [system]| |libsoxr||Audacity's default sample rate conversion algorithm offering both high quality and high speed: [local], [system], [none]| |libtwolame||use libtwolame for MP2 export support| |libvamp||use libvamp for Vamp plug-in support [default=yes]| |libvorbis||use libvorbis for Ogg Vorbis support| |LV2||use lv2 for LV2 plug-in support| |midi||use portSMF for Midi support| |nyquist||enable Nyquist plug-in support [default=yes]| |portaudio||use portaudio v19| |portmixer||compile with PortMixer [default=yes]| |quicktime||enable QuickTime import support (Mac only) [default=auto]| |sbsms||use libsbsms for slower, more accurate pitch and tempo changing| |soundtouch||use SoundTouch for pitch and tempo changing [default=yes]| For development you will always want to obtain the GitHub HEAD version of Audacity so you can stay abreast of the latest changes. For more information, see our development code download page and GitHub. Configure possibilities for libraries range from whether to include them or not, and whether to use local or system versions. In almost all cases these are standard libraries, and only provided in GitHub for convenience, so if you have up-to-date versions installed as shared libraries you should select the external copies. The exceptions are Nyquist (which we have modified to integrate it with Audacity), and PortAudio (which has had to be patched to make it work). To enable support for ogg files: To use an external sndfile library (which you have previously built and installed): To disable Nyquist: Compiling on Unix To compile Audacity on Linux (or for that matter, Mac and most other Unix systems), use the standard "configure; make" sequence: However, you may want to start by running ./configure --help first to see the options, and possibly add special options. If you are compiling from Git HEAD you can re-generate the configure script by running |autoreconf --no-recursive -i| in the top level directory first. In order to use ALSA devices with PortAudio v19 it is necessary to have the ALSA development library installed before compiling Audacity. In Debian-based Linux including Ubuntu and Ubuntu Studio, for example, this can be installed by running: |sudo apt-get install libasound2-dev| On other distributions for example RHEL/CentOS, the required package is called "alsa-lib-devel". Modifying the source Applying and revering patches |patch -p0 < name of patch file being applied| To revert a patch: |patch -p0 -R < name of patch file being reverted| Useful rules when modifying the source If you modify a file or an #include in a file: If you modify configure.ac, Makefile.am, or any files in m4/ : - autoreconf --no-recursive -i; ./configure; make If you add or remove files: - ./configure; make Old example dependencies: Audacity 1.3.4/Ubuntu 7.10 gettext libasound2-dev libflac-dev libflac++-dev libgtk2.0-dev libgtk-dev libid3tag0-dev libjack0.100.0-dev libmad0-dev libogg-dev libtwolame0 libtwolame-dev libvorbis-dev libwxbase2.6-dev libwxgtk-dev libwxgtk2.6-dev twolame portaudio19-dev wx2.6-headers zlib1g-dev A suggested apt-get command to install the above dependencies: |$ sudo apt-get install gettext libasound2-dev libflac-dev libflac++-dev libgtk2.0-dev libgtk-dev libid3tag0-dev libjack0.100.0-dev libmad0-dev libogg-dev libtwolame0 libtwolame-dev libvorbis-dev libwxbase2.6-dev libwxgtk-dev libwxgtk2.6-dev twolame portaudio19-dev wx2.6-headers zlib1g-dev| A suggested ./configure command for full functionality: |$ ./configure --with-libvorbis --with-libflac --with-libid3tag --with-soundtouch| A more up-to-date set of steps on Ubuntu to obtain wxWidgets then use "sudo apt-get build-dep audacity" to build the Audacity dependencies is available in Compiling Audacity for Beginners. See also Compiling Audacity for Beginners. KDevelop is a free, open source and cross-platform Integrated Development Environment (IDE) produced by KDE. Although not officially supported by Audacity, KDevelop can in principle be used for building or developing Audacity on Linux using any desktop environment. There is some information on building Audacity on KDevelop here - note the link thereon to www.crotchett.com for a tutorial on Audacity and KDevelop is no longer retrievable. Problems with GDB and keyboard/mouse grabs Running GUI applications in GDB is tricky, because GDB doesn't understand keyboard/mouse grabbing. In most X11 applications when you're in a menu, dragging a slider, or similar, the application grabs control of the keyboard or mouse to prevent other applications from getting their events until the drag/menu action is over. If you hit a breakpoint with the keyboard or mouse grabbed you're really stuck. For this reason, people often debug in a nested X server like Xephyr (similar to the older Xnest). Here's how you do that: - Install the Xephyr package. On Ubuntu it's called xserver-xephyr... probably similar in other distros - Install a simple window manager to run in the nested X server... I usually use wm2, because it doesn't require any configuration. - Run Xephyr. To get a 1024x768 window with address :5 (usually your main X server is at :0, and sometimes if you have two monitors the second is at :1) run |$ Xephyr :5 -screen 1024x768| - Start up wm2 (or whatever you like for a simple window manager) in the Xephyr window: |$ DISPLAY=:5 wm2| - Pop open a new terminal for GDB. Set the shell variable DISPLAY to ":5" so that all X11 applications started from that shell will use the new server at :5: - cd to the source tree and run gdb as usual. The Audacity window should come up inside the xephyr window. If your keyboard map is messed up in the Audacity window you can run the following command, which copies the keyboard map from your main display to the new one |$ xkbcomp :0 :5| Alternately there's a way to force-ungrab the KB/mouse, but it requires some X configuration (I like Xephyr, but you might prefer this). AWD: The force-ungrab stuff has apparently been removed from recent versions of X.org. So you shouldn't rely on it unless you're specifically using an old version that still has this feature.
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The AGE Device is a memory system and the power source for the AGE System . It was given to Flit Asuno from his mother before she died from the UE attack on his colony. It is the Asuno family heirloom. Using data from it Flit uses it to build the "Gundam". In the manga series of Mobile Suit Gundam AGE: Treasure Star, Daiki has a replica of the AGE Device created by his father. It also has the same purpose as the original. The AGE Device has been the Asuno Family heirloom for many Generations. When it was passed on to Flit he made the Gundam which he used to fight against Vagan in 115 A.G. In 140 A.G, AGE Device were passed into Asemu Asuno's hand on his 17th birthday. However, in 151 A.G, Asemu were listed MIA after his mission with AGE Device were found during the search, the device was passed into his son, Kio Asuno in 164 A.G.
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Discussion Assignment #6 Due Saturday night at 2359 Our discussion question is as follows: Chapter 20: Inferential Analysis & Chapter 21: Analyzing qualitative data What type of analysis you are conducting in your research studies? What are the advantages and disadvantages of both inferential analysis and qualitative analysis? Hi.. attached is phase one of my research so you have an idea what type of research it is. Book: Publication Manual American Psychological Association (APA) (7th ed.). 2020. ISBN-13:978-1433832161. ISBN-10: 143383216X Ruth M. Tappen. (2015). Nursing Research. Advanced Nursing Research: From Theory to Practice. (2nd ed.). ISBN-13: 9781284048308. ISBN-10: 1284048306. Publisher: Jones & Bartlett Learning How to Reduce Heparin Drips Administration Errors Florida National University How to Reduce Heparin Drips Administration Errors Introduction and problem statement Heparin is an anticoagulant drug used for various uses, including thromboembolic prophylaxis and treatment and the management of central venous access. It comes in different concentrations (1000 units/mL or greater) for therapeutic and prophylactic usage and lower concentrations, that is 100 units/mL or less, used in heparin lock flushing solutions. Heparin administration is greatly associated with medical errors resulting in severe consequences on patients' health (Warnock & Huang, 2019, p. 49). Three high-profile occurrences involving this medicine at three prominent US institutions brought safety concerns about heparin use to the forefront. The Joint Commission's National Patient Safety Goal (NPSG) 03.05.01, "lower the chances of patient harm due to anticoagulant medication use," emphasizes the safe anticoagulant therapy use and monitoring. Despite a previous attempt in a large Midwestern hospital to develop standard heparin administration procedures using a computerized system, errors continued to occur at unacceptably high rates. Heparin Error Reduction Workgroup (HERW) was formed in 2002, by pharmacists, staff nurses, and cardiologists. The HERW hired consultants of human factors to conduct an analysis of the human factors process of heparin administration among the nursing staff (Treiber & Jones, 2018, p. 159). Between 1999 and 2003, heparin was the most commonly used medicine in 14,800 ED medication mistakes. Heparin is a medication that, if used wrongly, can result in serious hemorrhagic complications. Over five years, heparin dosing in large metropolitan hospitals with evolution has become more difficult. Heparin was formerly prescribed and monitored unevenly by physicians (Lee & Riley, 2021, p. 515). Heparin dose regimens were established and applied to ensure standardized dosing, optimized therapy, and reduced hazards. The dosing methods grew in number as heparin administration became more sophisticated and patient-specific. The protocols were originally only available on written paper. The benefits of computerized access in drug administration were exploited to improve protocol delivery and boost upgrade efficiency. Interactive computer software was developed to make protocol usage easier. Three premature newborns died due to drug errors in an Indiana hospital that drew national attention. The Heparin overdoses were accidentally given to newborns because the incorrect strength was utilized to prepare umbilical line flushing solutions. The mistake occurred when 1 mL vials were accidentally put in a unit-based automated dispensing cabinet (ADC) where heparin 10,000 units/ml, 1 ml vials were commonly kept (Lee & Riley, 2021, p. 519). Nothing can take away the families' pain in the aftermath of this unfortunate tragedy, and this keeps reminding us of the necessity to take precautions and closer examination of heparin use in our institutions. The use of heparin includes; · Prevention of enlargement of existing clots. · Treatment and prevention of pulmonary emboli and deep venous thrombosis (Warnock & Huang, 2019, p. 49). · Decreasing the risk of the development of blood clots. · Maintaining patency of indwelling venous catheters. The significance of Heparin administration errors administration to nursing. Medicine errors can happen during any stage of the process of medication administration, including prescribing, transcription, dispense, and administration. However, previous researches have shown that pharmaceutical errors are more frequent during the phase of drug administration. This is because nurses administer the majority of the drugs. Heparin, for instance, is commonly administered and monitored by nurses (Warnock & Huang, 2019, p. 49). The nurses receive the clients’ medication upon prescription and dispatch and administer. Nurses can ensure improved patient safety through interruption of medication errors before reaching the client through adhering with six drug delivery rights and reporting of the problem. Nurses confront problems in many facets of their work, particularly when safely providing and monitoring medications. General drug information and knowledge, formal nursing education, continuous education needs, clinical area experience, and nursing shortage nationwide are all recognized to impact client drug administration (Santomauro et al., 2021, p. 449). Other causes include technological advancements and quality-improvement programs. Patient safety is becoming more important, especially regarding medication therapies and high-alert drugs like unfractionated heparin (UFH). Specific UFH administration treatments can improve patient care management. Nurses are generally in a good position to spot pharmaceutical errors because they are on the front lines of patient care. On the other hand, nurses must work closely with other healthcare providers to achieve their goals. The nurses should countercheck the medication dosage and administer them in the correct dosage. The nurses may prepare the heparin with different strengths wrongly, thus resulting in various errors. In addition, the preparation and administration of heparin differ in different types of heparin strengths. The errors also occur due to storage of heparin with different strengths in one place, poor documentation of the prescribed heparin in the ED, lack of individual/ independent double-checking of the heparin administration dosage, and incorrect programming of the infusion pumps (Gray, 2018, p. 369). These errors often occur among the nursing staff. Therefore, nurses should consistently check and document the heparin before administering it to the client. They should also independently double-check the heparin to prevent medication dose calculation errors. They should also ensure that the infusion pumps are correctly programmed to prevent over coagulation of the client’s blood. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the causes of heparin drip administration errors and the ways through which these errors can be reduced. The heparin drips administration errors are very common and result in serious complications, at times, death of the clients. Despite the improvement in the majority of the errors that occur with heparin administration, such as the wrong client, several other errors have occurred with the administration of the heparin medication. 2.01 errors occur in 1000 heparin doses charged. The errors occur due to the incorrect handling of the heparin medication by different hospital personnel, such as pharmacists and physicians; however, most of the errors often occur from the nursing staff (Litman, 2018, p. 439). Therefore, the research paper aims to determine the causes of these errors and how to prevent them from occurring. The research purposes to answer the following research questions; 1. What is the prevalence of heparin drips administration errors? 2. What are the factors associated with heparin drip administration errors? 3. How can heparin drip administration errors be prevented? Intravenous heparin is used in the prevention of thrombosis in various clinical settings. It is considered a high-risk medication used in inpatient settings, commonly critical care units. The variation in the heparin administration protocols contributes to the majority of the drug errors associated with serious complications and mortalities. Some of these causes include drug dose calculation and preparation errors. Some of the prevention of heparin drip infusion errors include independent double-checking of the medication dose and preparation, correct programming of the infusion pumps, and clear documentation of the administered heparin dosage. However, there is a need to find out more about errors associated with heparin administration, their causes, and prevention to reduce the complications that occur with the errors. Gray, G. (2018). Commentary: Improving Care through Innovations in Infusion Systems. Biomedical Instrumentation & Technology, 52(5), 366-371. Lee, M. H., & Riley, W. (2021). Factors associated with errors in the heparin dose-response test: recommendations to improve individualized heparin management in cardiopulmonary bypass. Perfusion, 36(5), 513-523.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32909506/ Litman, R. S. (2018). How do we prevent medication errors in the operating room? Take away the human factor. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 120(3), 438-440. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29452799/ Santomauro, C., Powell, M., Davis, C., Liu, D., Aitken, L. M., & Sanderson, P. (2021). Interruptions to intensive care nurses and clinical errors and procedural failures: A controlled study of causal connection. Journal of Patient Safety, 17(8), e1433-e1440. 441-461. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30113425/ Treiber, L. A., & Jones, J. H. (2018). Making an infusion error. Journal of Infusion Nursing, 41(3), 156-163. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29659462/ Warnock, L. B., & Huang, D. (2019). Heparin. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30855835/ We are a professional custom writing website. If you have searched a question and bumped into our website just know you are in the right place to get help in your coursework. Yes. We have posted over our previous orders to display our experience. Since we have done this question before, we can also do it for you. To make sure we do it perfectly, please fill our Order Form. Filling the order form correctly will assist our team in referencing, specifications and future communication. 2. Fill in your paper’s requirements in the "PAPER INFORMATION" section and click “PRICE CALCULATION” at the bottom to calculate your order price. 3. Fill in your paper’s academic level, deadline and the required number of pages from the drop-down menus. 4. Click “FINAL STEP” to enter your registration details and get an account with us for record keeping and then, click on “PROCEED TO CHECKOUT” at the bottom of the page. 5. From there, the payment sections will show, follow the guided payment process and your order will be available for our writing team to work on it.
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Hib meningococcal vaccine groups A and C conjugate - Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Wuxi Royal BiologicalAlternative Names: A+C+hib Conjugate Vaccine; Group A, C polysaccharide meningococcal and type b haemophilus Influenzal Conjugate vaccine; Hib-MenAC; MenAC-Hib; Meninogococcal vaccine groups A and C Hib conjugate Latest Information Update: 24 Nov 2015 At a glance - Originator Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention - Developer Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Wuxi Royal Biological - Class Haemophilus vaccines; Meningococcal vaccines - Mechanism of Action Immunostimulants Orphan Drug Status Orphan designation is assigned by a regulatory body to encourage companies to develop drugs for rare diseases. On Fast track Fast track status is assigned by the US FDA so therapies with the potential to address unmet needs can move faster through development. - New Molecular Entity No Highest Development Phases - Phase III Haemophilus infections; Meningococcal group A infections; Meningococcal group C infections
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help with homoginisation Dr. Duncan Clark Duncan at nospam.demon.co.uk Thu Oct 5 09:18:28 EST 2000 In article <rh-0510001235150001 at a6-curtis.ibls.gla.ac.uk>, the eminent Robert Hartley from the Centre for Cell Engineering wrote >In article <wL4SHKAikE35UAzE at genesys.demon.co.uk>, Alisha Billington ><a_billington at genesys.demon.co.uk> wrote: >CC'd By Email also. >> Hi there, >> I was wondering if anybody could help, I am trying to grind up >> samples such as corn etc. to the consistency of flour. But a pestle and >> mortar introduces to much contamination and needs to be sterilised after >> every use. I saw somewhere a homogeniser that uses glass beads in an >> eppendorf tube and grinds up samples to a fine consistency. If anybody >> else has any information about this I would be grateful to hear from >> Thanks, Alisha >You may be interested in the beads that are used by the RiboLyser from >Hybaid (same machine as the Bio101.). Too expensive for the few uses we need it for. I was sure that I had seen an inexpensive one that you basically put a single eppendorf in with glass beads and shake vigorously. If not it looks like the home workshop again this weekend! >Anyway enough of the cheek :-) I'm assuming you want to extract nucleic >accids or protein and want a completely disrupted cell wall? >PS Genesys? Maybe Duncan can help. I basically forced our new sandwich student to post here, as I was stuck, as a means of encouraging her to make use of this superb >Bob; Calypso User from Sunny Scotland. Very Sunny :-) Cloudy and miserable South of England. The problem with being on the cutting edge is that you occasionally get sliced from time to time.... More information about the Methods
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Words related to verb "one of the indeclinable parts of speech, so called from being ordinarily joined to verbs for the purpose of limiting or extending their signification, but used also to qualify adjectives and other adverbs" [Century Dictionary], late 14c., from Late Latin adverbium "adverb," literally "that which is added to a verb" (to extend or limit its meaning), from ad "to" (see ad-) + verbum "verb, word" (from PIE root *were- (3) "to speak;" see verb). Coined by Flavius Sosipater Charisius as a translation of Greek epirrhema "adverb," from epi- "upon, on" + rhema "verb." For nuances of usage, see humor (n.). In early use often ironia. Figurative use for "condition opposite to what might be expected; contradictory circumstances; apparent mockery of natural or expected consequences" is from 1640s, sometimes distinguished as irony of fate or irony of circumstances. Related: Ironist. A verb ironize "speak ironically" is recorded from c. 1600. c. 1300, in boke of Prouerbyys, the Old Testament work, from Old French proverbe (12c.) and directly from Latin proverbium "a common saying, old adage, maxim," literally "words put forward," from pro "forth" (from PIE root *per- (1) "forward") + verbum "word" (see verb). Hence, in the Scriptural sense, "an enigmatical utterance; a mysterious or oracular saying that requires interpretation." Used generally from c. 1300 in reference to native sayings, "short pithy sentence, often repeated colloquially, expressing a well-known truth or a common fact ascertained by experience or observation; a popular saying which briefly and forcibly expresses some practical precept; an adage; a wise saw: often set forth in the guise of metaphor and in the form of rime, and sometimes alliterative" [Century Dictionary]. By late 14c. as "byword, reproach, object of scorn." The Book of Proverbs in Old English was cwidboc, from cwide "speech, saying, proverb, homily," related to cwiddian "to talk, speak, say, discuss;" cwiddung "speech, saying, report." early 14c., rethorike, "the art of eloquence and persuasiveness in language, the art of using language to influence others," from Old French retorike, rethorique (Modern French rhétorique) and directly from Latin rhetorice, from Greek rhētorikētekhnē "art of an orator," from rhētōr (genitive rhētoros) "speaker, master speaker, orator; artist of discourse; teacher of rhetoric," especially (in the Attic official language), "orator in public." This is related to rhesis "speech," rhema "word, phrase, verb," literally "that which is spoken" (from PIE *wre-tor-, from root *were- (3) "to speak;" see verb). Since classical times with a derogatory suggestion of "artificial oratory" as opposed to what is natural or unaffected, "ostentatious declamation."
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The Seven Sisters Oak resides in Lewisburg, LA (near Mandeville) at a private residence. The historic and beautiful live oak is the President of the Live Oak Society, a unique organization whose members are all trees, with the exception of the Secretary or Chairman (currently is Coleen Perilloux Landry), who registers live oaks that are submitted for new membership and maintains the now 75-year-old roster. The Seven Sisters Oak was elected in 1968 and is the current President and largest tree in the Society. Registration & Measurements: Originally registered as Doby’s Seven Sisters (#200), the live oak’s first sponsors were the Doby family, who then owned the property. The name was changed and the tree re-registered as the Seven Sisters Oak (#697). When the live oak was first registered (as Doby’s Seven Sisters), the girth was recorded as 36 feet, 1 inch. It is an enormous tree, measuring approximately 55 feet high, with a limb spread of more than 130 feet. Its circumference was 37 feet, 6 inches, when measured in 1986 and on the “Society’s Top 100″ list in 2003, the girth of the Seven Sisters Oak was recorded as 38 feet (a more recent measurement placed the girth at 39′ 11”) . The magnificent tree is a worthy successor to the Locke Breaux Oak, the first President of the Live Oak Society, deceased 1966-68 due to air and groundwater pollution. Titles: For years, the eligibility of the Seven Sisters Oak as a Live Oak Society member and principal officer was disputed because it was believed to be several separate trees growing together. In 1976, after inspection by federal foresters, the tree was proved to have a single root system; and its status as President was accepted without further contest, by virtue of its girth (the greatest measurement of all live oaks then registered with the Society). The confirmation of the single trunk system also granted the Seven Sisters Oak the undisputed title of National Champion Live Oak in the American Forestry Association’s National Register of Big Trees. History: The origin of the name, Seven Sisters, is lost in the obscurity of time and memory. One current story is that the name describes seven main trunks that comprise the single tree. Yet, the oak actually has more than seven trunks that split from its immense base in two clusters. Another speculation is that the name is a translation of an older Choctaw Indian name that’s now forgotten. The Choctaws were residents of this area for many years before white men arrived and a tree of this size would possibly have been well known and named by them. Many Choctaws of the Lewisburg/Mandeville area were converted to Christianity by Father Adrein-Emmanuel Rouquette who preached the Christian gospel to the Indians under the limbs of live oaks, quite probably under this tree. Father Rouquette was a French Creole from New Orleans, educated in Kentucky and Paris, France. He so loved the woods near his childhood home along Bayou St. John in New Orleans that after completing his formal education, he returned not to New Orleans, but to the north shore of Lake Pontchartrain and the company of the trees. There, preaching under the oaks, he felt more plainly God’s touch on the land and saw more clearly the light of His gospel reflected in the eyes and hearts of his congregation. Sept. 2010 update: Ms. Coleen Perilloux Landry says the Live Oak Society records reflect that “The Seven Sisters Oak was given its name because the owner at the time was one of seven sisters. It was Mrs. Doby who gave the oak its name. When it was named President of the Live Oak Society, the governor of Louisiana was present. The Marine Band played and a ballet troupe danced around its roots. Wooden doubloons with the tree’s name were given to everyone present.”
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Chujiro Hayashi 1879 – 1940 This weeks blog is in honor of Chujiro Hayashi and the contribution he made to the practice of Reiki. Often he is overlooked and yet it is his additions to the system of Reiki that have shaped Western practitioners more than any other. With the recent growth of Japanese systems like Jikiden that report to align themselves more closely with Usui’s original teachings, if you look more closely you find that in fact they are derived from Hayashi’s school in much the same way as Hawayo Takata’s ‘Usui Shiki Ryoho’ or more derogatorily labelled these days ‘The Western system of Reiki’ . History of Reiki Born in 1829 Hayashi came to Reiki at the reasonably late age of 47. An ex-Naval Captain in the Imperial Navy of Japan he enrolled in the 30th class of the Naval Academy in 1899 and began his Naval career. In 1940 this would cause him great moral and ethical conflict between his call to duty as Japan entered into the second World war and the healing principles learnt through his practice of Reiki. This eventually resulted in him taking his own life by ‘Seppuku’ (ritual suicide) in front of his wife and students including Hawayo Takata. Reiki training with Dr Usui Following his retirement from the Navy he trained with Dr Usui. According to some researchers achieving the level of Shichidan. (Other masters trained to Shinpiden part of a new grading system). Apparently, the only other person to reach this level was Toshihiro Eguchi and it is said that both Eguchi and Hayashi-Sensei continued teaching the original Usui-Do system along with their own healing systems for several years after Usui-Sensei’s death. Along with his wife Mrs Hayashi Chie and other Usui students , he was a member of Usui Reiki Ryoho Gakkai, an organisation formed in honour of Usui Sensei. After Usui’s Death he started a small clinic in Tokyo named “Hayashi Reiki Kenkyu-kai”. It was in this clinic that Hawayo Takata a Japanese- American born in Hawaii was to cure a serious gall bladder disease in just four months. His clinic offered Reiki using several practitioners to work on one client at the same time to maximise the energy flow. Unlike the Usui-Do system which was a more intuitive method of applying Reiki, only having set hand positions for the head, Hayashi Reiki introduced more complex hand positions for the whole body. These hand positions were more suitable for clinic use and are taught relatively unchanged to this day in Western Reiki. Hayashi encouraged practitioners to his clinic by offering to give empowerments in return for a three-month commitment as unpaid help. At the end of this stint he would offer the more accomplished students the next level in return for a further nine-month commitment. Those who completed this had the chance of receiving the Master symbol or third degree. After two years further commitment (which involved assisting Hayashi in the classroom), practitioners were taught the empowerments and were allowed to teach. No money exchanged hands in this training practitioners simply had to work an eight hour shift once a week for the duration of their commitment. Hayashi made 13 Shihans (Teachers) and two of them were women, his wife Mrs Hayashi Chie and Hawayo Takata. In 1938 Hayashi made his biggest contribution to the spread of Reiki worldwide when he visited Hawayo Takata in Hawaii and initiated her as a Master Teacher. Sensing the uncertain future of the World he felt it important to make Hawayo Takata a custodian of his teachings. In January 1940 it is said that Hawayo Takata had a vision of Hayashi. Sensing something was wrong she decided to set sail for Japan in March. Upon her arrival she made her way to Tokyo and things seemed normal. However in May Hayashi Sensei wired Hawayo Takata to come immediately to his summer Villa in Atami near Mt Fuji. In the presence of his wife, Hawayo Takata and his other students he committed Seppuku (Ritual Suicide). Hawayo Takata eventually made 22 Reiki Master Teachers before her passing in 1980 and at that point it was believed that Usui Shiki Ryoho was the only surviving lineage of Reiki in existence.
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The Spring 2012 edition of Emory's Public Health Magazine features an article on Keith Klugman and the first-ever drug resistance index (DRI). Much like a stock market or consumer price index, the DRI aggregates and weights available data to produce a single measure that can be examined over time - in this case the index represents the burden of resistance in a hospital or geographical area. Why create this This blog post originally appeared on Pioneering Ideas: A discussion about breakthrough ideas in health and health care from the Pioneer Portfolio of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. New Data Reveals High Death Rates From Clostridium Difficile (C. diff) ResistanceMap - an online tool for visualizing antibiotic resistance from Extending the Cure - launches a second edition today with more bacteria-antibiotic combinations, U.S.-Canada-Europe comparisons of resistance trends, and lots of opportunities to interact with the data. Read the press release below, and take a look at some initial coverage on The Scientist and the Washington Post's Extending the Cure's parent organization, the Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy (CDDEP), is pleased to congratulate board member Sir Richard Peto, who has been named the 2011 recipient of BMJ’s Lifetime Achievement Award for having “contributed much to the decrease in neoplastic, vascular, and respiratory mortality from smoking, both in the UK and elsewhere.” A week has passed since World Health Day launched a year-long focus on antimicrobial resistance as a global health issue. As a result of WHD 2011 activities, considerable attention has been brought to the issue of antibiotic resistance, in particular—both to the need for new antibiotics to treat resistant infections and to the need to implement antibiotic stewardship practices. The following post was originally published on the Pioneering Ideas blog - a discussion about breakthrough ideas in health and health care from the Pioneer Portfolio of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. The online tool ResistanceMap has released a new video that shows the spread of a deadly microbe able to survive treatment with the newest and most potent antibiotics in the current arsenal. Anticipating World Health Day on April 7th, The Economist has tackled the issue of antibiotic resistance, finding the urgency of the problem largely a result of a "tragedy of the commons" and a lack of sufficient incentives for individual actors to conserve antibiotic therapies. As in, patients looking for a quick fix do not have much of an incentive to think about the long-term consequences when they take antibiotic Last week, Extending the Cure’s ResistanceMap released new videos visualizing resistance trends in inpatient settings. The maps highlighted a number of concerning patterns, including a rise in resistance to commonly prescribed fluoroquinolone antibiotics, and an eight-fold increase in inpatient Acinetobacter baumannii A recap of recent coverage of Extending the Cure's work on antibiotic resistance:
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Honda has announced that its Walking Assist Device has begun a clinical research trial in the US. The trial is underway in Chicago at the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago. During the trial, physical therapists and other researchers will be performing a scientific assessment of the Honda Walking Assist Device or Stride Management Device. This will be the first large scale clinical research study on the Honda device in the US. Honda’s Walking Assist Device is designed to be worn over clothing. It looks like a bulky belt and hides compact motors inside that are driven by battery power. The rigid frame allows the device to help lit the legs of the user. Honda designed the device to help people walk that have limited or reduced mobility due to injury, illness, or other causes. The Honda Walking Assist Device is expected to help stroke victims regain their mobility. The Walking Assist Device has a control computer inside the housing that uses data gathered from hip angle sensors while walking. The data that is gathered allows the internal computer to help improve the timing of each leg lifting from the ground and extending forward or backward to give the user a longer stride, making walking easier. The device attaches to the body using belts allowing it to be worn by people of varied body size. The battery inside the device is good for over an hour of use per charge and the entire Walking Assist Device weighs 6 pounds. The Honda Walking Assist Device went into broad hospital trials in Japan in May.
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Bertram et al. (301.7), evaluated Alzheimer’s disease (AD) candidate genes and AD chromosomal regions of interest (`30 cM) from the whole genome scans available from the National Institutes of Mental Health-Alzheimer Disease ((NIMH-AD) Genetics Initiative Program. These NIMH population samples, consisting of about 500 sibling pairs, is one of the largest AD study populations collected to date. This rather large and well characterized sample has, therefore, sufficient statistical power to score genes potentially involved in the etiopathogenesis of aging, AD and other neurodegenerative disorders. The authors performed this genome scan analysis at three potential sites on 1000 subjects [obtained from 300 NMIH-AD participating families. In summary, these analyses revealed 16 novel, putative AD chromosomal regions of interest involving unlinked genetic loci on human chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 16, 21 and X. FASTLINK and the Sibship Disequilibrium Test (SDT; a family-based association test that can be used in the absence of parental data ) was also used to score for potential AD genetic loci in these analyses. To confirm that this approach was valid, results of LOD scoring, affected pedigree member analysis, and sib-pair analysis supported ApoE-4 as a strong risk factor for AD (previously known). A ~30 cM region on chromosome 10 showed linkage to AD with a log of the odds (LOD) score of 2-3. Interestingly, the newly discovered nicastrin gene and the gene for presenilin-2 (PS2) both lie in rather close proximity on the long arm of human chromosome 1, another potential AD locus. (See also Tanzi et al., Blacker et al).—Walter Lukiw References: Session 301.7. Bertram DL, Blacker J, Jones D, Keeney K, Mullin S, Basu S, Yhu R, Go M, McInnis RE, Tanzi. Testing for genetic association and linkage in Alzheimer disease: Results of the NIMH study. No Available Further Reading
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- Snow with a few to several inches of accumulation Tonight - Precipitation may start as an icy mix in Eastcentral Minnesota-Northwest Wisconsin This Evening - Strong winds arrive late Tonight and Sunday - Heavy lake effect snow Sunday PM-Monday along the South Shore of Lake Superior *Today marks the 15th day in a row (12/17-12/31) with an above normal high temperature at Duluth, Minnesota. *Back to back storms on New Year's Eve! Last year's storm dropped 1-2" of snow and some sleet accumulation in the Twin Ports with even some thunder! The storm last year also produced a severe weather outbreak with 195 severe weather reports including 66 tornadoes. Illinois, Missouri, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama were affected by the severe weather (SPC) January 2012 Climate Outlook Source: Climate Prediction Center For Duluth, Minnesota: 33-40% chance for above normal temperatures with equal chances for above normal, below normal or normal precipitation. January Climate Data for Duluth, Minnesota (Airport location) Average monthly temperature: 10.2 degrees Today's Weather Summary for Northeast Minnesota and Northwest Wisconsin A band of snow with accumulations ranging from 0.5-2.5" affected portions of Northern Minnesota Today, generally along and north of a line from Cass Lake to Ely into the Arrowhead. Mostly cloudy skies were found in our area Today with patchy fog and light freezing drizzle, especially before Noon. Highs were in the upper 20s to middle 30s with east winds under 15 mph. Today's Upper Level Analysis: A fairly complicated 500mb pattern Today. One disturbance was heading east into Manitoba Province...A 2nd disturbance was moving E-NE thru Northern Minnesota...A 3rd disturbance was moving E-NE thru portions of the Central Plains per water vapor satellite imagery. 100 knot mid level jet streak over Southern Colorado late This Afternoon was heading into the Western High Plains while a 120 knot upper level jet covered parts of the Northern-Central Rockies per RUC model analysis. Impressive height falls of 90-180 meters were occurring Today in parts of Kansas and Nebraska with that Central Plains system. 850mb temperatures as of 3pm ranged from -10 degrees C in Western Manitoba Province to -4 degrees C in Central Minnesota to +4 degrees C in far Southeast Minnesota. Note: Temperatures at 3pm Today ranged from 28 degrees at International Falls; 43 degrees in the Twin Cities; 54 degrees at Omaha, NE. Widespread 60s and 70s covered Missouri and Oklahoma with even some 80s in parts of Texas. Tonight (December 31st) A difficult forecast ahead since were dealing with phasing issues. How much snow accumulates, where the heaviest snow sets up and the duration of snowfall continues to be a little uncertain at this late hour. The Northern stream low remains well to our north in Manitoba Province while the Southern stream low which was currently in Southeast Nebraska moves toward Southern Lake Michigan by dawn. Two upper troughs will move into the region Tonight while the upper trough associated with the Central Plains low takes on a negative tilt Overnight. Snow will be ongoing This Evening in Northern Minnesota with total accumulations of 1-3" along and north of a line from Cass Lake to Ely to the Arrowhead...Light snow and flurries will continue in Northern Minnesota Overnight with additional accumulations of less than 1". Eastcentral Minnesota into Northwest Wisconsin will see precipitation develop between 5-8pm This Evening with snow, sleet, freezing rain and rain all a possibility, but any mixed precipitation should turn quickly to snow by mid or late Evening. Based on latest model data it appears that the greatest snowfall accumulations Tonight will occur in Northwest Wisconsin and possibly into far Eastern Minnesota (Pine County) The reason these areas should receive the greatest snowfall amounts is because the moderate to heavy snow should linger longer in this area compared to locations farther west. There should also be a quick burst of moderate to locally heavy snow for the Twin Ports, Aitkin and Brainerd Lakes region, most likely between 8-11pm Tonight. Mostly cloudy skies are forecast Tonight with lows in the teens and 20s. Winds will become northwest at 10 to 20 mph with gusts to 30 mph developing after Midnight, especially in Western parts of our area. The snow that does fall Tonight will blow around as winds increase after Midnight. Total snowfall accumulations by Sunday Morning: 3-6" in Northwest Wisconsin with locally higher amounts approaching 8". 1-4" in Northeast-Eastcentral Minnesota. 1-3" in Northern Minnesota. New Year's Day and Night (January 1st) Low pressure will deepen as it moves into the Eastern Great Lakes on Sunday and to Eastern Canada Sunday Night with arctic high pressure building into the Northern and Central Plains. Areas of light snow and flurries will be found in our area during this period with accumulations under 1". Mostly cloudy skies are expected with nearly steady temperatures in the teens and 20s on Sunday with lows Sunday Night in the single digits below to low teens above zero. Strong northwest winds are forecast during this period with wind speeds of 15 to 30 mph with gusts to around 40 mph. Areas of blowing and drifting snow will be possible Tomorrow into Tomorrow Night. Lake effect snow update: Heavy lake effect snow showers will develop Sunday Afternoon and will continue into Monday along the South Shore of Lake Superior in Bayfield, Ashland and Iron Counties Wisconsin. Additional snow accumulations of 5-8" are possible from Sunday Afternoon thru Monday with 12-18" possible in parts of the Bayfield Peninsula and the Gogebic Range from Mellen to Hurley. Strong winds developing on Sunday and continuing into Monday combined with the falling snow will result in very hazardous travel conditions with whiteout or near whiteout conditions at times especially in open areas near Lake Superior and along Highway 2. Extended Forecast (January 2nd-4th) Arctic high pressure will build into the Upper Midwest on Monday with dry conditions outside of the South Shore snowbelts where lake effect snow will persist. Highs on Monday will be in the single digits and teens with lows Monday Night ranging from around 20 below to zero. A clipper system is forecast to move into the Upper Midwest next Tuesday-Wednesday, some snow showers and flurries could occur in parts of our area with light accumulations. High temperatures on Tuesday will be in the teens with highs on Wednesday in the 20s. Low temperatures Tuesday Night will be in the single digits and teens. Long Range Forecast (January 5th-11th) A nice warmup is expected for late next week with high temperatures climbing back into the 30s in most of the Northland. Low pressure will pass to our north next Thursday-Saturday with a cold front moving through our area sometime on Friday. Doesn't look like will see any significant amounts of precipitation as that front comes through. Cooler temperatures should return to the Upper Midwest by next weekend into early the following week. 5 DAY FORECAST FOR DULUTH/SUPERIOR *WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY* until 10am CST Sunday .Tonight... Patchy fog and light freezing drizzle early. Snow developing between 6-8pm. Bursts of heavier snow possible between 8-11pm. Snow tapering to light snow and flurries after Midnight. Total snowfall accumulations of 1-3" possible. Low 15 to 20. Wind east around 10 mph...Becoming northwest and increasing to 15 to 30 mph late. Areas of blowing and drifting snow are possible Overnight. .New Year's Day... Windy. Snow showers and flurries. Accumulations less than 1". Considerable cloudiness. High 25 to 30 with falling temperatures. Wind northwest at 15 to 30 mph with occasional high gusts. Areas of blowing and drifting snow. .Sunday Night... Windy. Flurries. Variable cloudiness. Low zero to 5 above. Wind northwest at 15 to 30 mph. Wind chills of 10 below to around 20 below. .Monday... Cold. Partly cloudy. High 7 to 12. .Monday Night... Mostly clear. Low 5 below to 10 below. .Tuesday... Partly sunny. High 15 to 20. .Tuesday Night... Mostly cloudy. Flurries possible. Low 8 to 13. .Wednesday... Mostly cloudy. Flurries possible. High 25 to 30. Normal temperatures for Today High: 19 degrees Low: 3 degrees Sunrise Sunday: 7:54 AM CST Sunset Sunday: 4:31 PM CST
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One symptom of a cracked rib is pain every time the injured person inhales deeply, according to Mayo Clinic. Sometimes the pain occurs only when the patient takes a breath. In other cases, the pain is continual and becomes worse during exhalation.Continue Reading An individual with a broken rib also experiences pain when pressure is applied to the affected area, explains Mayo Clinic. In addition, bending or twisting the body causes discomfort. Doctors typically treat cracked ribs with pain medication, Mayo Clinic reports. If breathing becomes too painful, patients sometimes breathe shallowly, which can lead to pneumonia. Some patients do not experience enough relief with oral medications, so doctors inject anesthesia into the nerves around the broken bone.Learn more about Breaks & Sprains
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More than 200 species of moray eels, all classified within the Family Muraenidae, have been described. Like the familiar American eel, morays are considered to be true eels of the Order Anguilliformes. The Superorder to which all eels belong, Elapomorpha, contains over 800 species, including the decidedly “un-eel like” tarpon. Although usually associated with tropical and subtropical habitats, a number occur in temperate seas, and several enter brackish and fresh water on occasion. Ranging in size from the red-faced eel (Monopenchelys acuta), which reaches only 8 inches in length, to the 12.5 foot long giant green moray (Strophidon sathete), all share a similar body pattern and habits. The latterly flattened body allows them access to the narrow caves and crevices that form their home base. Many spend their entire lives within close proximity to a favored shelter, leaving only to mate and foraging nearby. Some Interesting Facts Morays can reach quite high densities in suitable habitats, accounting for nearly 50% of the carnivore biomass on some reefs off Hawaii. Although nowhere considered a delicacy, moray eels are eaten on occasion, and instances of fatal poisoning (ciguatera) have been reported in the Philippines. A number have unusual life histories…the leaf-nosed moray (Rhinomuraena quaesita) begins life as a dark blue-and-yellow colored male and later transforms into a black-and-yellow female. Diet and Feeding Moray eels are carnivorous, and in captivity will readily accept frozen silversides , sand eels , clams and other fish, crustaceans and mollusks. Local seafood markets are wonderful shopping grounds for the moray owner – be sure to try mussels, conch and various marine fishes. Well-fed eels will coexist with smaller fish, but there is always the possibility of predation. On the other hand, morays are not quick feeders, and indeed can be rather shy about this, so one must take care that they are getting enough food if they are housed with large, aggressive fishes. Moray eels are, like all their relatives, master escape artists. If this occurs, be sure to move the animal back and forth in the aquarium once it is replaced, so that water is forced through the gills, and treat it with Stress Coat Marine to help replace the skin’s slime coat. Even small morays are equipped with needle-sharp teeth, and they are not shy about using them in defense or if they mistake your finger for a tasty food item. The resulting wound almost always becomes infected, and large animals can cause permanent damage. These are definitely not fish for homes with children. Well cared for specimens can reach impressive ages in captivity. A huge green moray I worked with at the Staten Island Zoo is still going strong at age 30+. Snowflake Moray, Echidna nebulosa Brilliantly patterned in black and white, this Indo-Pacific native averages 24 (rarely to 40) inches in length and makes an ideal first choice for one new to keeping moray eels. Many individuals become quite tame, reaching out from their lairs to accept food offered on feeding tongs. They are, like other members of their family, slow feeders, and so are best individually-fed if kept in a community aquarium. Snowflakes readily accept all manner of frozen or fresh marine foods such as shrimp, clams and fish. Like all morays, they will not thrive unless provided with a secure retreat. Other Commonly-Available Moray Eels The girdled moray (Echidna polyzona) hails from the Red Sea and Indo-Pacific and its small size (to 35 inches) suits it well as an aquarium subject. It has a relatively small head ….food item size should be adjusted accordingly. The attractively patterned reticulated or leopard moray (Gymnothorax tesselatus) also appears in the pet trade. Pale reticulations on a dark background lend it a spectacular appearance, but it reaches 5 feet in length and is therefore suited only to large, very well-secured tanks. Please write in with your comments and questions. Thanks, until next time, Frank Indiviglio. You can learn more about moray eels at:
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- Citado por SciELO - Citado por Google - Similares en SciELO - Similares en Google International Journal of Morphology versión On-line ISSN 0717-9502 SANKAR K, Devi; BHANU P, Sharmila y SUSAN, P. J. Variant Anatomy of the Celiac Trunk and its Branches. Int. J. Morphol. [online]. 2011, vol.29, n.2, pp.581-584. ISSN 0717-9502. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95022011000200047. The knowledge of abdominal vascular anatomy is very important for surgeons and radiologists to perform many of the clinical diagnostic evaluations. The celiac trunk, one of the branches of the abdominal aorta shows numerous variations in its branching pattern and its branches. The present study is to demonstrate the rare branching pattern of celiac trunk, into hepatogastric and hepatosplenic trunks. The hepatogastric trunk divided into left gastric and accessory left hepatic arteries and the hepatosplenic into common hepatic and splenic artery. The inferior phrenic artery was arising from left gastric artery. The gastroduodenal artery divided into right gastroepiploic artery and a common trunk for right gastric and anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery. The posterior superior pancreatico-duodenal artery was arising directly from the gastroduodenal artery and supraduodenal from proper hepatic artery. The variant anatomy of the celiac trunk as found in the present case may be clinically significant during invasive procedures like angiography, chemotherapy, chemoembolization and other surgical conditions of the abdomen. Palabras clave : Celiac trunk; Hepatosplenic trunk; Hepatogastric trunk; Accessory hepatic artery.
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Anyone delving around in the PhotoArk archives will soon notice my love of the Olympus OM System film cameras and lenses. And anyone unfamiliar with the system may not realise that one of its core values was ease of transportation. Those last three words can be distilled into another word - portability. And there is a strong argument that states that in order to be truly portable, compactness is a fundamental requirement. One of the driving reasons for being a user of the OM System throughout my film photography years that that most OM camera bodies and lenses clearly demonstrated this quality in their design… two of the best examples of this in the lens line-up are the Zuiko 100mm f2.8 and 40mm f2, 48mm and 25mm long respectively, with both sharing a 49mm filter thread. A OM3Ti body and a three prime lenses takes up very little little space, which is why my OM system kit accompanied me on most journeys through my life. The purpose of this article is not to lament the passing of the once celebrated OM film system, but simply musings around how lens sizes and personal taste have changed over the decades. The OM system, like many Leica M lenses are great examples of how just how much a lens’ dimensions can be reduced when size becomes one of the key objectives. Any smaller than this would aggravate fundamental laws of physics causing the unwanted introduction of various lens aberrations. The 50mm lens can be found in abundance throughout the last century. Considered as a ‘normal’ or ‘kit’ lens, they have been produced by all major players in the photographic industry. Therefore it is reasonable to assume that this focal length has probably had more R&D poured into it than any other. As photographers, we have a choice of super bright f0.95 to more ‘sedentary’ f2 apertures, with a gaggle of intermediate apertures to boot depending on the system of choice. In the 1970’s and 80’s the 50mm f1.8 was one of the most widely sold lenses, often forming part of a kit along with the camera body. It is one of those kit lenses that rests on a shelf at home, attached to my original OM1n body. The Zuiko 50mm f1.8 was Olympus’ offering with OM1n and OM2n cameras at the time. At 31mm long and with just six elements, it weighs less than 200 grams. The results were always very consistent from my copy, even wide open. Bokeh is very nice and provides excellent subject separation from 1.8 to 2.8. I used the lens for more than 30 years and it never disappointed - not bad for a ‘kit’ lens. It still works perfectly today, although no longer gets used since I fully embraced digital technology. Last week I became the proud owner of a Leica Summilux SL 50mm 1.4 lens, a tour de force in lens design and one of the newer generations of 50mm’s designed with optimum optical quality in mind. When priority is given to optical quality over all other attributes, certain laws of physics mean that size becomes very much of secondary importance. I have owned several 50mm lenses over the years, some autofocus, some not. The fastest was f1.2 and the slowest f2.0. But nothing prepared me for the size of the Summilux. All reviews I had read commented on this, and videos I had watched gave me an idea of what is was like. But when I first took it out of the box, it seemed bigger - a bit like when you purchase a table that, in the showroom, looks reasonably sized. But upon getting it home, it swallows up an entire room. OK so the lens didn’t fill the room, but it did look darn large for a 50. After a little bit of fiddling about with it, I noticed my dinky Zuiko 50mm resting in quiet retirement, and it struck me as a bit odd that the mass of the Summilux was several times larger than the Zuiko, and I began wondering what happened to 1) lens evolution and 2) my own taste when it came to lens design. There are lots of things wrong attempting to compare these two 50mm’s. The maximum aperture and autofocus vs manual focus are probably the two most glaring points that stand out. But I had owned a f1.2 lens that was only 43mm long, albeit manual focus. And an autofocus f2 variant when I first started out in digital photography had been less that half the size of the Summilux. Both of these had delivered fantastic results, the latter like the Summilux, benefitting from weather sealing. Almost 50 years separates their technological blueprints, and they are very much products of their times. The OM System was all about moving away from large cameras and lenses that were the staple of press photography in the 1960’s and 70’s. Leica’s SL system is about a new generation of optical perfection and robustness. I think both achieved their goals. There is no doubt that, after the first outing with the Summilux, I owned something special. It has reawakened in me a fire to go out and shoot wide open and shallow, as I believe this is where the magic happens with fast Leica lenses. My own taste in photography equipment jumped tracks sometime in the past, and identifying that paradigm moment of change has been difficult. I think it happened just a few years ago, when I purchased my first Summicron L lens. I was dumfounded by the results it produced. So much so that any consideration about its size and weight were instantly forgotten. But I am sat here gazing at Beauty and the Beast, somewhat perplexed by the fact that I hadn’t realised this change had occurred until now. It took the purchase of a titan to wake me up to the thought that size (or lack of) was no longer important to me.
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Debian 4.0 Gets Security Update One of the most popular of the community Linuxes saw out the old year with a new security release.No operating system, no not even Linux, is ever completely secure. So it is that the Debian Project released on Dec. 27 its second update to Debian 4.0, Etch, with an eye to improved security. While not a new release as such, Debians core features and functionality remain unchanged, this new security rollup includes multiple fixes that have been released over the last few months. For example, this release includes numerous repairs to the Linux kernel. Almost all these kernel fixes were minor ones. While the problems that could result in denial-of-service or allowing possibly malicious programs to run-are serious, almost all of them would require root level access before they could be used in an attack. Still, the sooner such problems are fixed, the less chance anyone will find a clever way to exploit them.
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Merle in 1964 28 August 1908| Tébessa, French Algeria |Died||27 March 2004 Merle was born in 1908 in Tébessa, French Algeria. His father Félix, who was an interpreter "with a perfect knowledge of literary and spoken Arabic", was killed in 1916 in the Dardanelles. Young Merle and his mother moved to Paris, where he attended three lycées and the Sorbonne. A professor of English Literature at several universities, in 1939 during World War II Merle was conscripted in the French army and assigned as an interpreter to the British Expeditionary Force. In 1940 he was in the Dunkirk evacuation on the beach of Zuydcoote—which he called a "blind and abominable lottery"—and was captured by the Germans. Merle was taken prisoner to Stalag VID at Dortmund, and escaped, but was recaptured at Belgian customs. He was repatriated in July 1943, and after the war was awarded the Croix du Combattant. Merle used his experiences at Dunkirk in his 1949 novel Week-end at Zuydcoote, which became a "sensational success" and won the Prix Goncourt. A 1964 feature film adaptation, Weekend at Dunkirk, was directed by Henri Verneuil and starred Jean-Paul Belmondo. It was a box office hit and made both men famous. Merle's 1967 novel Un animal doué de raison (lit. A Sentient Animal), a stark Cold War satire inspired by John Lilly's studies of dolphins and the Caribbean Crisis, was translated into English and filmed as The Day of the Dolphin (1973) starring George C. Scott. Merle's post-apocalyptic novel Malevil (1972) was also adapted into a 1981 film. His 1952 novel La mort est mon métier was adapted into a 1977 film, his 1962 novel L'île was filmed as a 1987 miniseries and Le propre de l'homme (1989) was adapted into a 1996 TV movie. Among Merle's other works are the 1950 play Flamineo, based on John Webster's The White Devil, the 1948 biography Oscar Wilde (extended in 1955 as Oscar Wilde, or The Destiny of Homosexuality), and various translations including Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels. In 1965 Merle wrote Moncada: premier combat de Fidel Castro and Ahmed Ben Bella, and around this time translated the diaries of Che Guevara. Until the invasion of Afghanistan by the Red Army, Merle was briefly a member of the Communist Party. He said: I was just a minor militant, and my fellow Reds did not approve of what I wrote. As for the student riots of May 1968, I never believed in the reality of that revolution. The only thing of value that came out of it was the liberation of sexual relationships. Merle's "major achievement" was his 13-book series of historical novels, Fortune de France (1977–2003), which recreate 16th and 17th century France through the eyes of a fictitious Protestant doctor turned spy. A "genuine scholar of language", Merle wrote the novels using many of the appropriate French speech rhythms and idioms of the historical period. The series made Merle a household name in France, with the author repeatedly called the Alexandre Dumas of the 20th century. |French literary history| - Week-end à Zuydcoote (1949) - Published in US as Week-end at Zuydcoote (1950) - La mort est mon métier (1952) - Published in UK as Death is my Trade (1954) - L'île (1962) - Published in US as The Island (1964) - Moncada, premier combat de Fidel Castro (1965) - Un animal doué de raison (1967) - Published in US as The Day of the Dolphin (1967) - Derrière la vitre (1970) - Published in US as Behind the Glass (1972) - Malevil (1972) - Les hommes protégés (1974) - Published in US as The Virility Factor (1977) - Madrapour (1976) - L'idole (1987) - Published in US as The Idol - Le jour ne se lève pas pour nous (1987) - Le propre de l'homme (1989) Fortune de France series (1977-2003) - Fortune de France (1977) - En nos vertes années (1979) - Paris ma bonne ville (1980) - Le Prince que voilà (1982) - La violente amour (1983) - La Pique du jour (1985) - La Volte des vertugadins (1991) - L’Enfant-Roi (1993) - Les Roses de la vie (1995) - Le Lys et la Pourpre (1997) - La Gloire et les Périls (1999) - Complots et Cabales (2001) - Le Glaive et les amours (2003) (English: Love and the Sword) Kirkup called the Fortune de France series "spectacular" and dubbed it Merle's "major achievement". Douglas Johnson of The Guardian described the author as "a master of the historical novel". The series made Merle a household name in France, and he has been repeatedly called the Alexandre Dumas of the 20th century. Le Monde dubbed Merle "France's greatest popular novelist", and Le Figaro observed, "Robert Merle is one of the very few French writers who have attained both popular success and the admiration of critics." Writing for The Wall Street Journal, Allan Massie praised Merle's "thorough research, depth of understanding and popular touch", noting that "one of the strengths of Merle’s novels in his ability to evoke the feeling and texture of everyday life as well as high politics". Massie compared the first novel in Merle's series to Maurice Druon's The Accursed Kings (Les Rois maudits), another famed French historical novel series, writing "There is a philosophical depth to the novel absent from Druon, for the Brethren are attracted to the Reformed Protestant (or Huguenot) faith ... Though not as gripping as The Accursed Kings, The Brethren never strays, as Druon sometimes does, into the grotesque. It has a credibly human solidity." Toby Clements of The Telegraph wrote, "There are set-piece discussions on the dilemmas of faith that are informative if not the stuff of high drama, and passages on the history of France that can only be made sense of with the aid of a map and a memory for names. But elsewhere there is much colour, and, overall, The Brethren gives a salty and plausible idea of just how different, odd and parlous life might have been." As of 2014, Fortune de France had sold over five million copies in France. - Kirkup, James (2 April 2004). "Obituaries: Robert Merle". The Independent. Archived from the original on 8 August 2011. Retrieved 3 August 2015. - Johnson, Douglas (8 April 2004). "Obituary: Robert Merle". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 August 2015. - Massie, Allan (27 March 2015). "The Original Game of Thrones". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 5 July 2015. - Clements, Toby (10 December 2014). "The Brethren by Robert Merle, review: 'a lively adventure'". The Telegraph. Retrieved 4 August 2015. - Alberge, Dalya (16 August 2014). "Modern-day Dumas finally crosses Channel". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 August 2015.
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Switched packages.ubuntu.com to the newer codebase that also runs on packages.debian.org. The two most important changes for users are that most pages are now generated dynamically (which makes for faster updates and more flexibility) and that the search functions should be much faster now. May 06, 2020 · This tutorial have describes two methods to configure Apt repository on your Ubuntu & Debian systems. The first method uses the add-apt-repository command to configure the repository for you. You can also use symlink command apt-add-repository. In any case, the command doesn’t exists on your system. The tutorial add-apt-repository command not found will help you. […] Debian and Ubuntu based distributions. The easiest way to install Visual Studio Code for Debian/Ubuntu based distributions is to download and install the .deb package (64-bit), either through the graphical software center if it's available, or through the command line with: The sudo apt-add-repository command on Ubuntu, for example, can be used to add a repository. The --help option for the apt-add-repository command shows these command examples: Linux Software Repositories Overview Google’s Linux software packages will automatically configure the repository settings necessary to keep your Google Linux applications up-to-date. Jun 02, 2020 · The concept of repositories in Ubuntu. Okay, so you already know that to install software in Ubuntu, you can use the apt command.This is the same APT package manager that Ubuntu Software Center utilizes underneath. Dec 12, 2019 · Deadsnakes is a PPA with newer releases than the default Ubuntu repositories. Add the PPA by entering the following: sudo add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa. The system will prompt you to press enter to continue. Do so, and allow it to finish. Refresh the package lists again: sudo apt update Mar 26, 2019 · Using packages from supported Ubuntu repositories ensures you get the best assistance as this is the recommended method to install and use LibreOffice in Ubuntu. Full installation. Performing a full installation is the recommended way to install LibreOffice in Ubuntu. One would do this by installing the LibreOffice metapackage via a terminal: May 26, 2020 · The recommended way to remove PPA on Ubuntu 18.04 is by use of add-apt-repository command. Here is a simple add-apt-repository command syntax: sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:PPA_REPOSITORY_NAME/PPA Using the above add-apt-repository command syntax and the repository list, the following example will remove videolan PPA: Sources List Generator for Ubuntu, Xubuntu, Kubuntu, Edubuntu, Ubuntu Server and other Ubuntu-based distros. It features the official Canonical one repositories as well as other 3rd party repos. Dell OpenManage Ubuntu & Debian Repositories. This is the Dell OpenManage repository for Ubuntu Server LTS and select Debian releases. It is NOT officially supported by Dell and is provided as an unofficial build for customers not able to use our officially supported builds of OMSA for RHEL and SLES. Also, you can use an external hard drive to setup a portable repository. So, you can use the portable repository on multiple locations in your LAN. Method 1: APT-Mirror. In this method, we are going to pull all packages from the public repository (Ubuntu global server) and save them in our local Ubuntu server hard drive. First install Apache - comment ajouter des sources à kodi_ - puis-je utiliser hulu sur plusieurs appareils - comment jailbreaker kodi - navigateurs sécurisés - how to use any wifi - comment désinstaller kodi de firestick - top 5 best mobile phones - unotelly review australia - programme de télévision de football mexicain - kick ass 2 online free streaming - qui est le meilleur voip aux eau - manga bittorent
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2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 When does pollution policy work? The water quality and infant mortality impacts of Mehta vs. Union of India by Quy-Toan Do, Shareen Joshi, and Samuel Stolper (Let’s Talk Development, 13 October 2016) Do households use improved cook stoves? What are the benefits? An Ethiopian case study by Michael Toman (Let’s Talk Development, 7 October 2016) Getting more Bank for the Buck by Jon Strand (Let's Talk Development, April 27, 2016) Climate Change Poses Urgent Threat to Poor of Coastal Bangladesh July 2016: In this talk, Lead Environmental Economist Susmita Dasgupta presented new projections of the impact of climate change on the poor in coastal Bangladesh through 2050 from cyclonic inundation, river salinity, and soil salinity. RESEARCH DIGEST (Summer 2016) Land Market Restrictions and Rural Land Markets M. Shahe Emran and Forhad Shilpi Vulnerability to Climate Change in Coastal Bangladesh Susmita Dasgupta, Mainul Huq, Md. Golam Mustafa, and others Deforestation Prevention Programs and Community-Managed Forestry Sahan T. M. Dissanayake, Prakash Jha, Bhim Adhikari, and others Getting more Bank for the Buck by Jon Strand (Let's Talk Development blog, April 27, 2016) Understanding urban land markets in West Africa by Alain Durand-Lasserve, Maÿlis Durand-Lasserve, and Harris Selod (Africa Can End Poverty blog, December 10, 2015) How roads support development by Claudia Berg, Uwe Deichmann, and Harris Selod (Let’s Talk Development blog, December 8, 2015) RESEARCH DIGEST (Fall 2015) Effectiveness of Protected Areas Do protected areas have lower deforestation because of their protected status, or do other factors explain the difference? Brian Blankespoor, Susmita Dasgupta, and David Wheeler Climate Change and Rural Livelihoods in Bangladesh Climate change has serious implications for poverty, underscoring the imperative for policy planning to cope with its effects Susmita Dasgupta, Md. Moqbul Hossain, Mainul Huq, and David Wheeler The Need for Broader Information in Climate Change Assessment Complementing economic analysis with other types of information could increase its usefulness in assessing climate change Ten years from Katrina: How can countries defend themselves from the next big hurricane? Listen to the Nature podcast with Edward Barbier and Susmita Dasgupta, August 20, 2015 (6:58). Left unattended, 5.3 million of Bangladesh’s poor will be vulnerable to the effects of climate change in 2050 Susmita Dasgupta ,April 6, 2015 Salinity Intrusion in a Changing Climate Scenario will Hit Coastal Bangladesh Hard February 2015: Climate change is likely to increase river salinity, soil salinity, and create higher dependency ratios, poverty incidence and out-migration rate for working-age adults. Controlling Global Climate Change September 2014: In this research talk, Mike Toman described the task of mitigating global climate change as a "wicked problem." It presents great scientific and economic complexity, very deep uncertainties, profound ethical issues, and even lack of agreement on what the problem is. Valuing preservation of the Amazon rainforest Jon Strand, September 9, 2014 Internet or Toilets Uwe Deichmann, July 21, 2014 River Salinity in Coastal Bangladesh in a Changing Climate Susmita Dasgupta, March 31, 2014 Addressing Household Air Pollution: A Case Study in Rural Madagascar Susmita Dasgupta and Paul Martin, January 9, 2014 Power Line Projects Create Significant “Indirect” Jobs, Aug. 14, 2013 Biodiversity and National Accounting Kirk Hamilton, Summer 2013 Fuel charges in international Aviation and shipping: How high, how, and why? Jon Strand, April 17, 2013. What is the Bank’s principal mission on climate finance and mitigation? Jon Strand, March 22, 2013 Coastal Wetlands Highly Vulnerable to Sea-Level Rise March 1, 2013 Habitat Threats for Tigers (Slides) Susmita Dasgupta, January 28, 2013. Environment and Energy in Sub-Saharan Africa (2009-2012) September 2012: This roundup features research on unifying the regional economic space in East Africa, effective and efficient water policies, how increases in biofuels production will affect both land use and food supply, electricity reform needed to mitigate unsustainable groundwater use in agriculture, incentives to cooperate on bilateral water treaties, increasing access to electricity in Africa, climate change and agriculture adaptation strategies, how regionalizing African infrastructure can bring substantial economic gains, coastal risks from sea-level rise and storm surges Environment, Energy, and Sustainable Development (2008-2011) January 2012: The roundup features research on energy, environment, water, climate change, as well as cross-cutting issues like urban-regional development and infrastructure within the larger context of environmental sustainability and economic efficiency in advancing growth and poverty reduction. How Global Biofuel Expansion Could Affect the Economy, Environment and Food Supply June 27, 2011 Where is the Wealth of Nations? Kirk Hamilton, October 26, 2010 Paper on Country Stakes in Climate Change Wins a Prize Dec. 2010: The first annual prize for excellence was awarded by the journal Climate Policy with support from TerraCarbon, Joanneum Research, and Climate Strategies. In announcing the award of the inaugural 2010 Schlamadinger Prize the panel of judges cited the paper’s innovative focus on developing countries; construction of a comprehensive geo-referenced database of indicators; thorough analysis; and timeliness as an input for international negotiations on carbon emissions mitigation and adaptation assistance. The authors are donating the prize money (1,000 euros) to Solar Aid, an NGO that promotes rural solar power development in East and Southern Africa. Country Stakes in Climate Change Negotiations: Two Dimensions of Vulnerability Piet Buys, Uwe Deichmann, Craig Meisner (World Bank); Thao Ton That (UNEP/GRID Geneva): David Wheeler (Center for Global Development) Climate Change 9(3): 288-305 (2009). KNOWLEDGE IN DEVELOPMENT NOTES December 2009: Background on current development issues based on research from inside and outside the World Bank. Climate change & development Tropical deforestation & biodiversity More KinD Notes Toxic Waste from Obsolete Pesticides—A Growing Threat in Developing Countries November 2009: Abandoned pesticide stockpiles pose a growing threat to people and ecosystems in developing countries. A geo-referenced method developed for policy makers in Tunisia is also being presented to Mali and other African countries to prioritize stockpile clean-up as inventories become available. Climate Change: Likely Impacts on African Crops, Livestock & Farm Types June 2008: Setting the stage for climate change adaptation policies in Africa | Africa's future distribution of crops | How climate change can affect livestock decisions | Will the distribution of farm types change? | Future research directions WB Research on the Challenges of Adapting to Climate Change December 2007: The World Bank conducts rigorous research on climate change to guide its operational strategies and offer better advice to member countries. An important aspect of this research agenda is its focus on adaptation to climate change – an issue that has received increasing attention since Kyoto. For most UNFCCC parties with relatively low emissions, adaptation is the critical challenge in framing policies that respond to climate change. Country Stakes in Climate Change Negotiations October 2007: Using a comprehensive geo-referenced database of indicators relating to global change and energy, a set of composite measures were derived to gain insight into countries’ likely attitudes toward international treaties that regulate carbon emissions. When countries are classified according to source and impact vulnerability using these composite measures clear differences emerge in the factors that determine likely negotiating positions. Successful negotiation of a global protocol will likely require compensation and cross-subsidy mechanisms that reflect, at a minimum, the dimensions of vulnerability considered in this study. Climate Change: The Final Blow for Agriculture in Africa? August 2007: A recent cross-country study using the Ricardian approach shows that the effects of climate change on the African continent may force large regions of marginal agriculture out of production by the end of this century, while helping others. The study highlights the importance of equipping millions of agriculture-dependent and water-deprived Africans in the most vulnerable countries with the information, technologies, and supporting institutions they need to adapt to further climate deterioration. Will Markets Direct Investments under the Kyoto Protocol? Summer 2007: Political aims and cultural ties may influence the placement of emission reduction projects under the Kyoto Protocol. Climate Changes and Impact on Coastal Countries: Risk of Sea-Level Rise: High Stakes for Developing Countries February 2007: The impact of sea level rise from global warming could be catastrophic for many developing countries. The World Bank estimates that even a one meter rise would turn at least 60 million people in the developing world into environmental refugees. This is the finding of a new World Bank working paper, "The impact of sea level rise on developing countries: a comparative analysis." Road Upgrading and Trade Expansion in Sub-Saharan Africa December 2006: Improving transport infrastructure in the land-locked interior of Africa is a high priority of the World Bank’s Africa Action Plan. A new research study investigates the likely trade benefits of investing in upgrading and maintaining a trans-African highway network. The estimated benefits are significant. On the road from Bangui in the Central African Republic to Kisangani in Congo DR, for instance, the increase in trade volume is estimated at 793 percent. Toxic Pollution from Agriculture: Costs and Remedies November 2006: In recent decades, the indiscriminate use of agricultural pesticides has created very serious health and environmental problems in many developing countries. One to five million farm workers are estimated to suffer pesticide poisoning every year (WHO, UNEP) and at least 20,000 die annually from exposure, many of them in developing countries. Saving the Forests (Policy Research Report) October 2006: Preserving the world’s rapidly shrinking tropical forests and improving the economic prospects of millions of poor people requires an urgent strengthening of national forest governance. Globally, this calls for strong financial incentives, says a new World Bank policy research report, "At Loggerheads? Agricultural Expansion, Poverty Reduction and Environment in the Tropical Forests." Disclosing Emissions Information Helps Check Pollution in Asia April 2006: Public disclosure of emissions information has proved very useful in developing countries with obvious regulatory problems, as in joint program with EcoWatch in the Philippines where compliance has increased 50 percent in over 45 rated factories between 1997 and 1998. New research on environmental pollution and health, focusing on implications for people has become part of a broad research program for the World Bank. Do Roads Bring Jobs to People? Lessons in Economic Geography January 2006: Authorities need to better understand the factors that influence location decisions for manufacturing firms, and also need to view the outcomes of potential policy interventions, such as investment in transport infrastructure to imrpove market accessibility of lagging regions, in a new ‘economic geography’ context.
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Today was an exciting day for the Zoo’s Education Centre as we were able to talk to school students in Alaska about Tasmanian Devils and the Zoo’s participation in the regional conservation program via satellite video conferencing. Watching the ground-breaking Black Rhino research unfold last week, I was amazed at how the process of anesthetising a Rhino, moving her onto a makeshift table and then seeing the procedure take place to collect embryos was so seamlessly organised. The reptile keepers at Taronga Zoo’s Reptile World watched five little rhinoceros iguanas hatch from their eggs in late April. So far, all of them are thriving. The keepers have successfully hatched and reared over 100 of these iguanas in the past, so they’re well-versed in the breeding and raising of this species. Last week, frog specialists from Taronga Zoo, NSW National Parks, Melbourne Zoo and Healesville Sanctuary gathered in the frosty alpine region of Mount Kosciuszko to help ensure the survival of the Critically Endangered Corroboree Frog. Taronga Western Plains Zoo’s Veterinarian, Benn Bryant recently visited the Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary in Way Kambas National Park, Sumatra to provide veterinary assistance to an adult male Sumatran Rhino with health problems. As part of a 10 year Centenary Master Plan upgrade, Taronga has submitted plans to build an Australian Habitat Exhibit (phase 1) which includes an overnight conservation experience called the Taronga Wildlife Retreat.
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There are times when God takes things from us and other times when we pray for things we think we need and God does not give them to us. Nevertheless “…the Lord knows the way of the righteous” (Psalm 1:6). One day God’s action will prove to be for the benefit of us and for His kingdom! The truest satisfaction in life comes from being in the perfect will of God, doing His work, living according to His choosing. But most of us are convinced that only we know what we need in order to be fulfilled and happy. And, in most cases, what we believe is best for us actually would ruin us! Never in the history of mankind has God taken anything from one of His children without bringing in something better, more beautiful, more fulfilling. God’s best is not something to fear; He not only knows what is best for you, He wants you to have His best! If we truly believed this it would produce such rest, peace and joy in us! We would not grieve over letting go of things; we would know we’ve been set free from all bondage! We would say, “Lord, if You are taking this from me, it must mean You have something much better for me. So take it—You can have it!” Beloved, we need to rest in the loving hand of our Father! We need to come to the point of trust where we say, “I have a loving Father who wants the very best for me. He knows it all!” How did Job finally come to a place of rest? He persuaded himself that God knew what He was doing and that everything was under control! Job said “But He knows the way that I take; when He has tested me, I shall come forth as gold” (Job 23:10). Many Christians see God at work in their lives yet they still wonder, “What if I blow it? What if I do something wrong and God gets angry or impatient with me? Will all His promises fail me? Will I have to settle for something less than His best?” No—never! If your heart is right before God, if you keep returning to Him and seeking Him with all your heart, nothing will change His plans for you!
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What is prostatitis? Prostatitis is inflammation of the prostate gland and sometimes the area around it. It is not cancer. Only males have a prostate gland. It sits in front of the rectum and below the bladder. The gland wraps around the urethra, the tube that carries urine out of the body. The prostate makes the fluid part of semen. Types of prostatitis . This is the most common type of prostatitis. Symptoms may get better and then come back without warning. Healthcare providers do not know why this happens. There is no cure, but you can manage symptoms. Acute bacterial prostatitis . This is the least common type of prostatitis. It happens in men at any age. It often starts suddenly and has severe symptoms. It’s important to get treatment right away. You may find urination difficult and very painful. Other symptoms include fever, chills, lower back pain, pain in the genital area, frequent urination, burning during urination, or urinary urgency at night. You may also have aches and pains throughout your body. Chronic bacterial prostatitis . This type is fairly uncommon. It is an infection that comes back again and again, and is hard to treat. Symptoms are like a mild form of acute bacterial prostatitis. But they last longer. Often you have no fever. Asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis . This is prostatitis with no symptoms. Your healthcare provider often diagnoses it during an exam for another health problem. He or she may diagnose it if you have infection-fighting cells in your prostate fluid or semen. What causes prostatitis? Prostatitis is most often caused by bacteria. They spread from the rectum or from infected urine. You cannot get prostatitis from another person. It is not an STD. But it can result from several STDs. Who is at risk for prostatitis? You can get prostatitis at any age, but some things raise your risk: - Recent bladder or urinary tract infection, or other infection in the body - Injury to the area between the scrotum and the anus - Abnormal urinary tract anatomy - Enlarged prostate - Recent test where a catheter or scope was put into the urethra What are the symptoms of prostatitis? These are the most common symptoms of prostatitis: - Need to urinate often - Burning or stinging while urinating - Pain when urinating - Less urine when you urinate - Rectal pain or pressure - Fever and chills (often only with an acute infection) - Pain in your lower back or pelvis - Discharge through the urethra during bowel movements - Erectile dysfunction or loss of sex drive - Throbbing sensations in the rectal or genital area The symptoms of prostatitis may look like other medical conditions or problems. Always see your healthcare provider for a diagnosis. How is prostatitis diagnosed? Your healthcare provider will review your past health and sexual history. He or she will also do a physical exam. Other tests may include: Urine culture. This test collects prostatic fluid and urine. They are checked for white blood cells and bacteria. Digital rectal exam (DRE) . In this test, the healthcare provider puts a gloved finger into the rectum to check the part of the prostate next to the rectum. This is done to look for swelling or tenderness. . The healthcare provider massages your prostate gland to drain fluid into the urethra. This fluid is then checked under a microscope to look for inflammation or infection. This test is usually done during a digital rectal exam (DRE). Semen culture. A semen sample is tested in the lab for bacteria and white blood cells. . A thin, flexible tube and viewing device is put into the penis and through the urethra. Your healthcare provider uses the device to look at your bladder and urinary tract for structure changes or blockages. Transrectal ultrasound. A thin transducer is inserted into the rectum next to the prostate to show images of the prostate. - CT scan. This is an imaging test that uses X-rays and a computer to make detailed images of the body. A CT scan shows details of the bones, muscles, fat, and organs. How is prostatitis treated? Your healthcare provider will figure out the best treatment based on: - How old you are - Your overall health and health history - How sick you are - How well you can handle specific medicines, procedures, or therapies - How long the condition is expected to last - Your opinion or preference Treatment depends on what type of prostatitis you have. You may take antibiotics until infection can be ruled out. Depending on the symptoms, other treatments may include: - Medicines to help relax the muscles around the prostate and bladder, decrease inflammation, and ease pain - Prostate massage to release the fluid that is causing pressure in the prostate - Heat from hot baths or a heating pad to help ease discomfort Chronic bacterial prostatitis Treatment usually involves taking antibiotics for 4 to 12 weeks. This type of prostatitis is hard to treat and the infection may come back. If antibiotics don’t work in 4 to 12 weeks, you may need to take a low dose of antibiotics for a while. Rarely, you may need surgery to remove part or all of the prostate. This may be done if you have trouble emptying your bladder. Acute bacterial prostatitis For this type of prostatitis, you usually take antibiotics for 2 to 4 weeks. It’s important to take the full course of antibiotics, even when you don’t have symptoms. This is to stop the growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. You may also need pain medicines. You may be told to drink more fluids. In severe cases, you may need to stay in the hospital. Always see your healthcare provider for more information about the treatment of prostatitis. Key points about prostatitis - Prostatitis is inflammation of the prostate gland caused by infection. It can be one of several types. - Prostatitis is not contagious and is not an STD. - Any man can get prostatitis at any age. Symptoms of prostatitis may include urinating more often, burning or stinging during urination, pain during urination, and fever and chills. Your healthcare provider usually diagnoses prostatitis by your symptoms and by checking your urine and semen for signs of infection. - Antibiotics are used to treat prostatitis. In rare cases, you may need surgery. Next stepsTips to help you get the most from a visit to your healthcare provider: - Know the reason for your visit and what you want to happen. - Before your visit, write down questions you want answered. - Bring someone with you to help you ask questions and remember what your provider tells you. - At the visit, write down the name of a new diagnosis, and any new medicines, treatments, or tests. Also write down any new instructions your provider gives you. - Know why a new medicine or treatment is prescribed, and how it will help you. Also know what the side effects are. - Ask if your condition can be treated in other ways. - Know why a test or procedure is recommended and what the results could mean. - Know what to expect if you do not take the medicine or have the test or procedure. - If you have a follow-up appointment, write down the date, time, and purpose for that visit. - Know how you can contact your provider if you have questions.
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Digital Textbook Access pilot program frees students from heavy books, long lines It came as a bit of a surprise to Gabrielle Cardinal when she realized that her third year Exceptional Psychology course would be delivered with a fully digital textbook. The course had been selected to be part of the Digital Textbook Access pilot program. Although she admits she is not as tech-savvy as her peers, she made the effort to embrace change and was happy to be part of a new and exciting pilot. “My field of study, psychology, is an ever-changing and evolving subject,” said Cardinal. “Having a digital copy of what is typically a very large, heavy and expensive textbook, which is difficult to transport, was a welcome change.” In September 2015, Laurier launched its inaugural Digital Textbook Access pilot program for five courses spanning both the Waterloo and Brantford campuses. Over the 2015/16 academic year, more than 960 students and 12 faculty members participated in the program. The Digital Textbook Access pilot program came with some great tools to assist Cardinal with her studying, such as highlighting and the advanced search options. “Psychology is a subject where you learn about various research studies and experiments,” said Cardinal. “Having the search tool to look for specific topics, researchers and theories, was definitely a big help.” In addition to the search tool, and the ease of highlighting important text, Cardinal enjoyed the fact that no matter where she was, she could simply open up her laptop and have instant access to her book. “It’s impossible to carry all of your textbooks to school each day; there simply isn’t enough room in your bag, and it’s way too heavy.” Another advantage to going digital is having access to the textbook on the first day of class. Digital Textbook Access gives students immediate access to the textbook without having to wait in long lines at the Bookstore. Not only does this new and exciting initiative save money, it also saves time. “Laurier’s Bookstore is excited about this new initiative,” said Mary Andraza, manager, academic materials. “Improving access, affordability and academic achievement is an important part of our mandate.” Due to the pilot’s initial success, Laurier is offering the Digital Textbook Access program to more students during the fall and winter terms. To learn more about Laurier’s Digital Textbook Access, visit the Bookstore website.
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Connecting Communities and Commemorating the 10th Anniversary of the Inter-American Democratic Charter in Chile All Ministers that attended the OAS Conference. Children dancing a typical Chilean dance. Bilateral meeting with Chile's Under Secretary of Foreign Affairs, Fernando Schmidt. Minister Ablonczy and the Santiago wardens. Ambassador of Canada, Sarah Fountain Smith; Ms. Olga Díaz, Director of the afterschool center, receiving the Canada Fund contribution; Minister of State for the Americas and Consular Affairs, Diane Ablonczy. Minister Ablonczy with Canadian investors in Chile and the Ambassador of Canada, Sarah Fountain Smit. The Inter-American Democratic Charter seeks to strengthen and sustain democratic institutions in the Americas. Adopted on September 11, 2001, at a special session of the General Assembly of the Organization of American States, the Charter passes its tenth anniversary this year. On a recent visit to Chile, Minister of State of Foreign Affairs Diane Ablonczy, commemorated the 10th anniversary of the Inter-American Democratic Charter in Valparaíso, and went on to participate in discussions focussed on Canada-Chile relations the following day. “A decade after its signature in Lima, Peru, the Inter-American Democratic Charter continues to stand as one of the hemisphere’s most remarkable collective achievements,” said Minister of State Ablonczy. “Our commitment to the Charter and its principles is as strong today as it was 10 years ago.” Following the conference, the Minister participated in a one-day program in Santiago that included a meeting with Chile’s Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs, Fernando Schmidt, and also met with local communities and the private sector. The Minister visited an afterschool centre in a low income community called La Granja, which was funded by the Canada Fund for Local Initiatives in Chile (CFLI). Through the establishment of a computer club in the centre, this project helps vulnerable children to become functional digital citizens, improving their ability to access employment and academic opportunities. The afterschool centre not only makes learning fun, but also helps foster the growth of engaged and informed young people. “Canada welcomes the efforts of local communities to further their own development and is glad to support dynamic development projects, particularly those that seek to reduce inequalities, and that reaffirms Canada’s ongoing engagement with Chile in the priority area of education”, said Minister Ablonczy. Canada is the third-largest investor in Chile, and Canadian companies have distinguished themselves by implementing corporate social responsibility practices that not only grant Canadian companies a certain competitive advantage, but help ensure that the Canadian presence in Chile is a positive one, focussing on education, sustainable development and social responsibility. While in Santiago, Minister Ablonczy participated in a round-table discussion with leading Canadian investors active in Chile, in order to gain insights on challenges and opportunities for Canadian businesses moving forward. She also discussed the Government of Canada’s commercial priorities in the Americas, including expanding Canadian direct investment and diversifying trade relations. One of the ways Canadians living abroad can stay connected with each other is through the network of consular wardens. During her visit, Minister Ablonczy also took the opportunity to meet with wardens from the Santiago area and express her appreciation for their efforts. These volunteers provide an important service to Canadians living in Chile, assisting in sharing information and guidance from the Embassy with Canadians in their districts. Their efforts are especially valuable in the event of an emergency such as the devastating earthquake and tsunami of February 2010. The Minister’s visit to Chile was an excellent opportunity to strengthen Canada’s relationship with Chile through her meetings with local authorities, communities and businesspeople, and also to reaffirm Canada’s commitment to the OAS and the Inter-American Democratic Charter (IDAC). - Date Modified:
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Community Learning Partnership (CLP) The Office of Mission Engagement works with several projects which seek to further Barry’s mission in the community through mutually productive partnerships. These collaborations involve advocating for programming and resources that support Barry’s hometown community efforts to improve and enhance educational opportunities for local students and teachers. Community Learning Partnership The Community Learning Partnership of Greater Miami Shores (CLP) was established in 2008 by leaders from local businesses, organizations, and public and private educational institutions who seek to serve as a catalyst for community engagement and quality education to benefit all members of our community. Its purpose is to provide a forum for sharing community, school, and university educational opportunities and events in an effort to support each other’s activities, partner where possible, reduce costs, and highlight what each organization is offering. OME works with internal and external constituents to further the goals of the CLP related to three program components: - Student Leadership Development - Teacher Professional Development - Community Building Events and Projects
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Early this month, a six-year-old in Silver Spring, Maryland, was suspended from school after he pointed his finger like a gun and said, "pow." In a letter to his parents, school officials described the incident as one in which their son "threatened to shoot a student." In one way, this reaction is understandable. After the horrific events at Sandy Hook Elementary School, seeing any sort of gunplay at school would be, on a gut level, distressing. This sort of reaction certainly has historical precedent: in 1968, following the assassinations of Martin Luther King Jr. and Robert F. Kennedy, the Sears Roebuck Christmas catalog pulled all toy guns from its pages. But, beyond visceral reactions—exclamations of distaste at child behavior that uncomfortably resonates with tragedy—does pretend violence perpetuate real violence? Not necessarily. According to Stuart Brown, psychiatrist and the founder and director of the National Institutes of Play, "Play can act as a powerful deterrent, even an antidote to prevent violence. Play is a powerful catalyst for positive socialization." But parents and teachers—like the teachers in Silver Spring, Maryland—are often not inclined to see it that way."Teachers…often see normal rough and tumble play behavior such as hitting, diving, wrestling, (all done with a smile, between friends who stay friends), not as a state of play, but one of anarchy that must be controlled." In a study of adults who had committed violent crimes, including the Virginia Tech killer Seung-Hui Cho, Brown discovered that their childhoods had been marked not by violent play but, more strangely, by a lack of play: the very thing that helps ...1 Already a CT subscriber? Log in for full digital access. Subscribe to Christianity Today and get access to this article plus 65+ years of archives. - Home delivery of CT magazine - Complete access to articles on ChristianityToday.com - Over 120 years of magazine archives plus full access to all of CT’s online archives - Learn more
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EpiCor may help support and maintain a healthy immune system EpiCor is an all natural, novel immune-supportive compound that fits into the unique category of being a high metabolite immunogen. EpiCor is a nutritive dried yeast fermentate that may help support and maintain healthy cellular metabolism and a healthy immune system. EpiCor in focus EpiCor is a unique and novel dietary supplement used for support of immune health, with a fascinating history of discovery. In 1943, a company in the USA called Diamond V Mills, Inc. began manufacturing and selling a fermentation product from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the same yeast used in bread and beer making. The product was and still is used as an additive for animal feed to help support digestion as well as overall health in animals. It has been on the market for over 60 years. Interestingly, when the company became self-insured, they became aware of unusually high rates of good health in employees that worked in the manufacturing plant for this animal product. This led to very low increases in their insurance premiums over the years compared to other companies, saving them quite a lot of money. Hence they began to investigate what might be the cause of the “healthfulness” of the employees at the fermentation plant. This led to the formation of a new company called Embria Health Sciences, which now produces EpiCor® as a supplement for humans to support immune system health. bodykind is proud to now offer the benefits of EpiCor® to its customers.
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Is it healthy literally to "lick your wounds"? Is it healthy to literally "lick one's wounds"? Does human spit contain any chemicals that are anti-bacterial or antiseptic? Would you recommend the practice if, for example, a Bactine-less camper has the misfortune to be mauled by a bear? Cecil is of two minds about this. On the one hand, researchers at the University of Florida at Gainesville have discovered a protein called Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) in the saliva of mice. Wounds doused with NGF healed twice as fast as untreated, unlicked wounds. So in a few species, at least, spit does have some curative powers. NGF has not been found in human saliva, but researchers do note that human spit contains such antibacterial agents as secretory IgA, lactoferrin, and lactoperoxidase. It has not yet been shown that licking your wounds actually disinfects them, but on the other hand it probably won't do you any harm. At least I think it won't. See, the one problem is that your mouth also contains "anaerobic" bacteria, which thrive in airless environments such as the nooks and crannies of your teeth and gums. Normally these don't find their way into your saliva, but if they do, you'd be better off throwing yourself on a punji stake. So virulent are the anaerobic microbes that hospital emergency room personnel consider human bites to be among the most serious types of trauma. If not treated promptly this kind of wound can result in severe infection, sometimes so bad that the affected finger, or even the hand or arm, has to be amputated. The danger exists even if the spit in question is your own. Cecil knows of one case of a woman who managed to infect herself by chewing obsessively on her fingernails. So in other words, licking your wounds either isn't so bad or it'll kill you. If you're one of those types with a low tolerance for ambiguity, maybe you should just forget it and try the old Boy Scout method — namely, letting the wound bleed briefly before bandaging it, thus allowing any contaminants to be washed out of the damaged area.
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Saturday, February 28, 2009 The familiar words jolted my memory during the Ash Wednesday service this week. I am not a religious Christian, nor a religious Anglican. I hang loose to various rituals and customs in my denominational tradition. But neither do I shun them at times because I am confident that God can speak to me in any way He chooses, even in church. So this week I chose to attend this special service, confident also that there would be a great message, as there always is, from our gifted and wise female pastor/priest, Kelly. So I had the ashes imposed, and began the season of Lenten reflection with a black sign of the cross on my forehead. It didn't last long, so I didn't have to worry about parading my piety out in the world. I got what I came for - an opportunity to reflect quietly in a shared and sacred space. Dust was on my mind, and the phrase repeated by my dear Ugandan friend, Canon Marie. She used to say that the only D.D. she wanted was "Down in the Dust." The D.D. of course we were speaking of was the title of Doctor of Divinity, an honorary or earned degree. "Down in the dust", she said, "down in the dust with Jesus." Canon Marie's comment was typical of her honesty and her humility, two of the qualities which had drawn us into close friendship during my family's missionary years in Uganda. Together we began an English Bible Class which still operates more than ten years later, and eight years after our departure from that beautiful land. But it wasn't just a saying for my dear friend Marie. It was a reality she lived. Up before dawn every day she did heavy digging in her vegetable garden, eager to make a little extra money for her family at the local market. Then a full day doing ministry in the church and home to prepare an evening meal for her husband and family of boys. Her long years of service in the church had been recognized with the title and honour of Canon. However she was a woman, and she was a friend of "the whites". She was my friend, when people didn't understand us, when people didn't like us, when people told lies about us, when people told lies about her, and the supposed advantages she had gained through being my friend. When we suffered deeply from the prejudice that eventually turned to danger and sent us home to protect our family, I could do nothing about the suffering that came upon her. I often wondered, and said to her later, that if I had known what she would suffer for being my friend I wonder if I would have pursued that friendship which brought me so much comfort and opportunity for ministry. I believe Canon Marie has known and continues to know what it means to be "Down in the Dust". And she knows also, as I do, that it is the only safe place to be. It is not safe to be "special", to be in an important position, to be in special ministry or in any way "above" others. Soon enough something will happen to bring us down into the dust. And when we are we know for sure the joy of His presence with us, as He walks with us along roads of suffering and sacrifice, which eventually bring us into the resurrection freedom He has promised for us. I am glad I can remember these words and principles this Lent. And I shall never forget them. Friday, February 27, 2009 Isaiah 58:5-6 (New International Version) 5 Is this the kind of fast I have chosen, only a day for a man to humble himself? Is it only for bowing one's head like a reed and for lying on sackcloth and ashes? Is that what you call a fast, a day acceptable to the LORD ? 6 "Is not this the kind of fasting I have chosen: to loose the chains of injustice and untie the cords of the yoke, to set the oppressed free and break every yoke? It was the first day of Lent, the start of 40 days of repentance and reflection. How fitting that a group gathered in Toronto on that particular day, as guests of the Faith and Culture Inclusion Network, to learn about the challenges faced by the First Nations peoples of Canada. The speakers: Cindy Blackstock, C.E.O. of First Nations' Child and Youth Caring Society of Canada, and Jonathon Thompson, Director, Health and Social Development, Assembly of First Nations. The event had been organized in a very short time frame, but was a significant opportunity to learn about issues facing the First Nations. We were humbled and challenged as Cindy and Jonathon recited the facts of life for the First Nations peoples of Canada, opening our eyes and wiping away prejudice, ignorance and apathy as they did. Cindy spoke calmly about the inequity and humiliation that result in social problems and broken families. Photographer Liam Sharp shared his documentation of the plight of the children of Attawapiskat whose school should bring shame to all who see the photographs. He said that he felt it necessary to bring the story to Canadians. "Is this our Canada?" he asked. He said that it wasn't what he thought it was. Cindy spoke of her hero, Dr. Peter Henderson Bryce, who is buried in Beechwood cemetery in a humbly marked grave."Real heroes need not shout," she said. Dr. Bryce caused official embarrassment by condemning Native boarding schools as breeding grounds of tuberculosis. She said that when she visited his grave, she was, "listening in the wind," because she hasn't yet learned to speak into the silence that Bryce spoke into. There were only about 70 of us there on Ash Wednesday, 2009, but I couldn't help thinking of the Civil Rights movement in the United States and how Rosa Parks stood up to the wall of silence that sanctioned the humiliation of a people and how people heard about that and were challenged to stand with her. Could this day be such a turning point? Cindy challenged us to each consider, "What is my special gift? What can I contribute?" I believe that each person in that room was hand picked by God to be there. There were pastors, writers, newspaper editors, photographers, social workers, leaders and direct support staff who work with people with disabilities. What if each of us did what we could? Refuse to countenance prejudice when we hear it spoken Educate others on the issues we are aware of Not be okay with the fact that there is an Indian Act Not be okay with the fact that there are reserves Not be okay with the fact that "status" expires every five years Write to the premier and prime minister and say that in Canada equality matters Go to the website in support of Jordan’s Principle and add our support Dear Lord, forgive our ignorance. Thank you for opening our eyes and for an opportunity to work for justice. For this is the kind of fasting you choose that we engage in. Micah 6:8 (New International Version) 8 He has showed you, O man, what is good. And what does the LORD require of you? To act justly and to love mercy and to walk humbly with your God. Thursday, February 26, 2009 I have been reflecting on that verse for more than just a Lenten season or two. In particular I have been pondering it in relation to many events and concerns in my faith journey that I have the privilege of sharing with you on this blog. Knowing that you will be waiting for encouraging words on my day to write gives me reason to more intentionally reflect on ways that God speaks to me as I go through my days. It is an incredibly rewarding experience. Perhaps when we each have to pull together thoughts for others we come up with much that enriches our own lives and thinking. And what is really important is what the words do for us, for all that really matters is what is going on in our own hearts, and between us and God. Our constant inner chatter, surface voices or deep truths expressed in the riddles of our dreams, is known to God as well as to us. He knows and hears it all, and seeks to have His loving words break through the chatter, bring His voice of truth into the bedlam of our fears, hopes and dreams. And how else can we hear His voice than by being quiet? That doesn’t mean taking a vow of silence for the season of Lent, or not sharing our concerns with others. It might even mean finding our voices in new ways, as I have done through writing on a blog. Each of us will know what it means to be quiet, just as each of us will know what it means to have our confidence in God, and finding our strength there. Some of the other translations for Isaiah 30:15 use the word trust instead of confidence, making it very clear that it is our trust in God that gives us confidence. My prayer for each of us, and especially for myself, is that in this season of Lent, as we prepare ourselves for the commemoration of those great events which are the source of our confidence and trust, the death and resurrection of our mighty humble Saviour and King , Jesus Christ, is that we will find new ways to be quiet within our hearts and minds, and new ways to grow in confidence and trust in Him. Wednesday, February 25, 2009 This has been a whirlwind couple of days with little time for reflection. Yes, I confess, I even missed my Sacred Hour on Tuesday and it has been a Sacred Half Hour a couple of times in the past few days. I don't want to write meaningless words, but I wanted to still say hello and let you know that I carry the readership of Whatever He Says in my heart always. Blessings on you in this day as we start Lent and that sacred time of reflection and preparation for the joy of Easter. I hope to be back tomorrow, fully charged up and inspired with a fresh word--whatever "HE" says. :) Tuesday, February 24, 2009 22News of this reached the ears of the church at Jerusalem, and they sent Barnabas to Antioch. 23 When he arrived and saw the evidence of the grace of God, he was glad and encouraged them all to remain true to the Lord with all their hearts. "News of this reached the ears of the church." Those words trigger a shudder of recognition in me. Oh, not about news reaching the ears of the church, but about me, when certain things reach my ears. In this case, it was a rumour that the Cypriot and Cyrenian Christian Jews had shared the gospel with Greeks, of whom a great number believed and became Christians. The good news of the gospel was spreading more rapidly than butter on a pile of hot pancakes. I love that when the church got the news of what was happening, they sent a pair of eyes to see what was going on. And what a pair of eyes. Wise eyes. Godly eyes. Their response has the stamp of godliness. Don't react, but search out truth. I tend to search out truth while I am reacting. What a good lesson is hidden in these few short words. And oh, how I want to be a Barnabas; a peacemaker, path smoother and rock of reason. Monday, February 23, 2009 I pondered a train of thought that had started earlier in the day about the times that God did things that seemed counterintuitive. With the benefit of hindsight it is easy to see humour in people's responses. I read one of them this morning: A disciple named Ananias was told in a vision to go to a house on Straight Street, and pray for a man from Tarsus named Saul, who had lost his sight. I smile whenever I read Ananias's response. Acts 9:13-14 (New International Version) 13"Lord," Ananias answered, "I have heard many reports about this man and all the harm he has done to your saints in Jerusalem. 14 And he has come here with authority from the chief priests to arrest all who call on your name." The "pharisee of pharisees," the least likely to be chosen for the task of reaching the Gentiles, was the very one God chose. I also love the passage in Luke, describing two disciples walking to the town of Emmaus after the crucifixion. They are joined by Jesus, whom they do not immediately recognize. This is some of the interchange that took place. Luke 24:17-19 (New International Version) 17 He asked them, "What are you discussing together as you walk along?" They stood still, their faces downcast. 18 One of them, named Cleopas, asked him, "Are you only a visitor to Jerusalem and do not know the things that have happened there in these days?" 19"What things?" he asked. "Are you only a visitor to Jerusalem?" Can you imagine how Jesus must have been smiling? I thought too, of the account of Lazarus's death. How puzzling that Jesus took so much time to go to the bedside of his sick friend-- seemingly arriving too late. John 11:32 (New International Version) 32When Mary reached the place where Jesus was and saw him, she fell at his feet and said, "Lord, if you had been here, my brother would not have died." Jesus must have been anticipating what was to happen next--the raising from the dead of Lazarus. "Where have you put him?" he asked. And no one could have guessed why. As we drove back later, Paul mused out loud, "I often wonder if my dad felt cheated." "What?" I asked, surprised. "Well, he was only 62 when he died of cancer, 23 years ago. I'm nearly 62 and I wonder if he didn't feel like he had a lot more living to do." I didn't know what to say, but I wondered if those times--the times when we think God didn't hear, or got the answer wrong, aren't the times when God gave the best surprise of all... This morning we sang again, that beautiful song, by Chris Tomlin, I Will Rise: And I Will Rise when he calls my name No more sorrow, No more pain I Will Rise, on Eagle's wings Before my God fall on my kness, I Will Rise Sunday, February 22, 2009 "I don't mean to worry you, Belinda," he said, "but Mum has fallen a few times lately and she fell last night." He went on to tell me how Mum's legs have been failing her and on Friday morning, before the Helping Hands lady came to get Mum up, something prompted him to go down and check on her. He was shocked to find Mum on her back beside her bed. At first glance he thought that she was gone, but she was just badly shaken and hurt. We don't know how long she'd lain there, but her back was bruised and she was mentally disoriented because of the shock. She has an alarm to push in emergencies, to call for help, but the Helping Hands ladies said that many of their clients are too confused in an emergency, to remember to use them, or they are afraid that they'll have to go to hospital, so they don't. I thank God that in the little English village of Alvechurch, the doctor still makes house calls. He came and checked on her, prescribed steroids and antibiotics for a rumble on her chest and said that he would check in again on Saturday. I told Robert that I would call back that evening and see how she was. During the team meeting we had a prayer time but when I tried to pray for Mum I couldn't speak. Martha took over, placed her hand on my shoulder and covered Mum in prayer. The prayer support of this dear team of managers was a great comfort. That evening we celebrated Tiffany-Amber's 11th birthday, which is on Sunday, and in the midst of the children playing with their Playmobil, I called Robert. He said that she was safely tucked up in bed. He had gone down at 11.00 p.m. to check on her. She had not been herself all day though, and not really aware of things. Helping Hands had doubled up their ladies to help support her from her bed when she needed to get up. He said that her colour wasn't good and he had a feeling that maybe there was something more going on. We actually talked about her wishes about funeral arrangements and I said that I was ready to leave for England if I needed to be there. He said it was so good to hear the girls voices in the background as they played. This morning as I got ready for the day, she was on my mind, and I prayed that if she was sick, God would take her peacefully at home and that she wouldn't have to go into hospital or a nursing home. After breakfast I called and Robert answered the phone. He said, "I'm right beside Mum's bed Belinda. I'll give her the phone and go into the other room for the extension." Imagine how I felt when Mum's voice said, "Hello darling," with her familiar little laugh. She is herself today. Still in bed, but she enjoyed listening in to my conversation with Robert and laughed at all the jokes Robert made. At the end she fell silent as we talked, and Robert said, "I think that Mum may have dozed off." Quickly her voice came back, protesting firmly,"No. I heard everything you said." I am so grateful--for Robert's faithful care of Mum and for God's gift of another day of her being with us. Saturday, February 21, 2009 So here is this comforting truth, expressed for us all, in a song. No One Knows My Heart Better Than You Standing at my window, hidden by the night Harboring the private wounds, safe and out of sight There's an agony in living, but there's a comfort in the truth That no one knows my heart better than You. I can face a lot of people with this sanguine act of mine Guarded by the eloquence I sometimes hide behind But it's a veil of false pretenses that You can see right thru 'Cause no one knows my heart better than You. Part of me is reaching, and part of me holds back But when it comes to You I am a doorway You're free to walk into 'Cause no one knows my heart better than You. Words and music by Susan Ashton, Billy Sprague and Wayne Kirkpatrick Copywright 1991 Birdwing Music/Sking Horse Inc. ASCAP/Emily Boothe, Inc. (BMI) Friday, February 20, 2009 12For now we are looking in a mirror that gives only a dim (blurred) reflection [of reality as [a]in a riddle or enigma], but then [when perfection comes] we shall see in reality and face to face! Now I know in part (imperfectly), but then I shall know and understand [b]fully and clearly, even in the same manner as I have been [c]fully and clearly known and understood [[d]by God]. It was late afternoon as he stood at the upstairs window looking out at our big backyard and the girls of 10 and 11 down below, granddaughters, playing in the snow. He had been drawn to the window by the sound of their laughter. He loved them so much, and he took every opportunity to tell them so. Suddenly he thought, "What am I doing up here watching through a window?" A few seconds later he was putting on his coat and gloves and making his way outside to join them. He played outside with them for an hour, this husband of mine, almost 62 years old. But when he decided to try the ice slide they had made, the girls came running over with concern that he would get hurt. "I used to do this all the time when I was young," he said. "Yes, but now you are old, and you might hurt yourself," they said. Ah, the honesty of children! They leave you with no illusions. When Paul recounted the story, I saw the heart of our Father in his love for the girls. God didn't stand far away and watch us from a distance, but came to our world, to be with us. His love compelled him just as Paul's did. Had the girls looked up at the window, before he came downstairs, they would have seen his dim shadow, just like the description in 1 Corinthians 13:12 of the reflection in the mirror. A few days ago Paul shared a thought about that verse that was interesting. He connected it with the Jewish custom of covering mirrors during a seven day period of mourning; a ritualized period, called Shiva. When the days of mourning are over, the veil is removed. One day that will be true for us, the time of mourning, pain, sickness and troubles will be over, the veil will be removed and we will see clearly, face to face, a Father whose love for us is beyond compare. Thursday, February 19, 2009 6 For the LORD gives wisdom, and from his mouth come knowledge and understanding. Yesterday, on my post about teachers, there were some wonderful reflective comments and I loved them all. Two of them took the time to remember teachers too: Brave Raven with humour, and Susan with poignancy. I hope they don't mind, but I would like to share them for today's post. Brave Raven said... Aaah, teachers. I too have some unforgettable ones: Mrs. Foy and Mrs. Elliot who taught me to speak English; Mr. Blake who called me up after a poetry assignment and said, "You should do this for a living;" Mr. Finn, who told me no matter what I did, I'd be a success. Hmmmm. I hope I never run into these people. They would wonder what happened and probably blame themselves. HA HA. Then, there was a Grade Five. Horrific Grade Five. Her breasts were so pointy that we were convinced they were made of plastic. I'll never forget one boy Ed giving her a "compliment:" "Miss, I like your......shirt." Our entire class erupted in "inside joke" laughter. Pleased by his comedic success at the expense of this miserable lady (who should have chosen another profession that did not involve working with children,) he tried again the next day:"Miss, I like your....hair." Devastating silence followed by unfortunate consequences....for Ed! I talked to my uncle last week who is a teacher. I said, "I hope you guys know what a lasting negative effect your actions can have on the lives of the kids you teach when you handle things badly... "He answered that yes, he does understand and said, "It scares the hell out of me". It should.I had some horrendous teachers who just didn't "get" me. I also had a couple who were outstanding. Mrs. Street (Grade 4) made me feel like I could do ANYTHING - and for her I tried to! I did so well that year that they advanced me a Grade in the middle of February. When she took me down to the nurse's office to tell me that she would no longer be my teacher that year, I bawled! I went into Mrs. Abey's class, who made me feel just the opposite. That I couldn't do ANYTHING. And I didn't. In spite of being reasonably intelligent, and having just been accelerated a year, I then failed two grades in a row. I think part of that was just that they didn't know what to do with me for the most part and decided I was a "bad" kid. So I was. Then there was Mr. Reimer, a principal in public school, who I saw again in my forties. He remembered me vividly and said, while he rubbed his chin, and with a great twinkle in his eye, "Ah, I remember you! YOU were a CHALLENGE!" He said it like being a challenge was a gift or something. He used to help me control my behaviour by extending GRACE - he would give me jobs to do like ringing the bell for recess, or taking notes around for all the teachers to sign once they'd read it. It was entirely undeserved, but it made me feel important and responsible, and I did my best to live up to his expectations. I never wanted to let him down. I loved that man and can't wait to see him in heaven. He made SUCH a huge difference in my childhood. Just simple acceptance and instead of trying to change me, he chose to channel my energy into worthwhile activities and thereby gave me a goal to shoot for that was entirely unspoken, but very tangible. I wish all teachers knew what he did and realized that EVERY kid in their heart wants to do well. I know I did. I think the worst thing you can do to a kid is to take their behaviour personally... We, as adults, have the power to consolidate in a child either the positive or the negative. You are so right that we need to be incredibly careful and accepting and understanding of children... We need to respond to the BEHAVIOUR, without judgement, manipulation or control. I wish I'd done a better job as a parent. Thank God we get a second chance through our grandchildren and all the other kids in our lives. 1 Corinthians 1:25-27 (New International Version) 25For the foolishness of God is wiser than man's wisdom, and the weakness of God is stronger than man's strength. 26Brothers, think of what you were when you were called. Not many of you were wise by human standards; not many were influential; not many were of noble birth. 27But God chose the foolish things of the world to shame the wise; God chose the weak things of the world to shame the strong. Wednesday, February 18, 2009 I wonder if they ever imagined such immortality? It is a very long time ago--43 years since high school--and yet they are frozen in time in my mind, as real as they were then. I can see them and feel them vividly, both in appearance and personality. Maybe it's that the mind, eyes and heart of a child are like sponges that absorb impressions and hold onto them more easily than they do in later years. Each teacher in my memory has a sense of "caricature" about them, but perhaps that is because they were a little larger than life to us and their personalities extremely distinct. Teachers all seemed much older than we were, even those who I now realize must have been quite young. But one who didn't seem old at all was a white haired supply teacher who filled the gap when I was in my last year of elementary school. I can see now that inside this teacher, who must have been close to retirement age, lived a child with whom we instinctively connected. We didn't see the outer shell, we just saw her soul! She read to us from a book called, The Lion, The Witch and the Wardrobe, a wonderful book that I had never heard of before she introduced me to C.S. Lewis. She told us how she used to slide down a long, polished wooden bannister with a curved end when she was a child. Imagine! A grown up who loved to slide down bannisters. We loved her and I feel as if I will see her one day in heaven. The prize for worst tempered, goes, I think, to one of my art teachers. He had long, wild hair the colour of carrots and serious, broody-moody icy-blue eyes. He threw blackboard erasers, scattering chalk dust at us when he lost his patience, which was frequently. I still loved art, and loved it even more when a new teacher arrived who looked as though he had stepped right out of a French Impressionist painting. He was short, with pale skin and dark hair and a mustache. He taught us about Toulouse Lautrec, Manet, Monet and Degas and encouraged me to become an art teacher. I was so shy that I could not imagine standing in front of a class and teaching. "You think that now because you are 15," he said, "But you will not always feel that way." I did not believe him., but I joined the art club and stayed after school and thought that I would become a painter one day. My needle work teacher made a great impression on me and I learned much from her. She was gray haired and frowned intensely and seemed to always have an over watery mouth, for she sprayed as she spoke with a sputtery manner. I was not a natural needlewoman but I did try hard. I still can hear her voice saying "Gusset;" and feel the spray. At times I despaired of ever learning to sew. I learned to rip out seams that were not exactly right and to never settle for less than perfect. My sewing skills were inherited from my mother, who helped me with my homework one night with disastrous results. In class we had done two rows of gathering stitches on the sewing machines, around the shoulder edges of sleeves which were to be inserted into the armholes of a blouse. At home that night, I struggled ineptly to fit the sleeves into the armholes, and cried tears of frustration until Mum came to my assistance. She removed all hope of doing it by taking the messy loose threads of the gathering stitches and pulling them out. I still remember my gasp of horror as I helplessly watched the threads disappearing from the fabric, too swiftly to protest. It was worth the catastrophe for the many opportunities it gave us to laugh about it since. This reminds me that children are thinking, observing, absorbing and remembering much more than we might think. It makes me want to be more intentional in the way I relate to them, to think about how I want to be remembered, maybe not as a teacher, but as a Sunday School teacher, grandparent, aunt or just a friend. Mark 10:16 (Amplified Bible) 16And He took them [the children up one by one] in His arms and fervently invoked a] blessing, placing His hands upon them. Tuesday, February 17, 2009 I don't say that it wasn't deserved. I have broken more plates, cups and glasses than the average person. But where my reputation and reality met or ended I never was quite sure. It always felt to me as if a self fulfilling prophesy had been spoken over me. Along the way I resisted the rap and made up my mind that this Twinkling and Tripping was not me. I was really no more doomed to clumsiness than the next person. And, for the most part, I stopped dropping things. Now I have the perfect mother, but since she is only human, she is allowed a weakness or two. She will never let me forget that I am Twinkle Toes. I have only to drop one thing and in spite of the fact that she is 82, has had a stroke and is not quite as quick in thought or speech as she once was, she remembers this, and with a knowing look, she will say something like, "There goes my Belinda," which I know means--well, not, "Belinda the graceful." I quietly smile to myself (well, sometimes I smile) and determine to ignore the label, or else I know that I will be suffering from my own brand of dropsy in no time at all. I say all of this really, to encourage thought about the power of words spoken over a child and even those long past childhood. I count myself blessed with a stubborness that withstood--and understood too. But how tempting it is to spot a trend and name it, and, as we do, bending a sapling in a certain way, all too quickly. I am sure I have done it unwittingly myself. Lets say good words--prophesy signs of strength and good character as soon as we spot a glimmer of them: Gentleness, kindness, humility, generosity and compassion; unselfishness, persistence and patience; honesty. Children can grow up and into these qualities, as into shoes bought just a little too big, as mine always were. Ephesians 4:29 (New Century Version) 29 When you talk, do not say harmful things, but say what people need—words that will help others become stronger. Then what you say will do good to those who listen to you. Monday, February 16, 2009 I drove to church and sat among the people. I sat among the people and I sang. I stood and raised my hands to heaven in surrender and in praise. I worshipped him with heart and soul and mind. At home a pork roast filled the house with fragrance. And the long pine table decked in cranberry cloth lay waiting; waiting for family to gather all around it. And soon enough, three generations filled the places. And a child gave thanks in stumbling words for church and food and said "Amen." And dishes passed from hand to hand. Plates filled with mashed potatoes, corn and broccoli and peas. What bounty. And then the bargaining. "How many more bites?" "One each of mashed potatoes corn and meat!" Cups of tea and coffee. Sleepy parents and grandparents lolled in comfy chairs while children played. Conversation punctuated by sporadic peacemaking while the hours ticked away. And I was so grateful for the simple pleasures of this Sabbath day. Sunday, February 15, 2009 11...Shall I not drink the cup the Father has given me?" Whatever he says to me, Matthew 20:22-23 (New International Version) 22...Jesus said to them. "Can you drink the cup I am going to drink?" 23Jesus said to them, "You will indeed drink from my cup..." His footsteps lead on thorny paths; 5 LORD, you have assigned me my portion and my cup; 6 The boundary lines have fallen for me in pleasant places; Psalm 73:25-26 (New International Version) 25 Whom have I in heaven but you? And earth has nothing I desire besides you. 26 My flesh and my heart may fail, but God is the strength of my heart and my portion forever. Saturday, February 14, 2009 I go through my days, trying to sit back from myself and ask if I am being "moved". Now of course I believe that He wants us to be moved, to care deeply, about many people and situations, to weep with those who weep, to rejoice with those who are rejoicing. So I don't think He's talking about that. I believe He's talking about developing that quality of inner stillness that is not dismayed, that deep trust in God's faithfulness that holds on no matter what, that capacity of knowing and dwelling in the depths of His spirit, far beneath the ever changing forces moving all around us. I have to say that is the only way for me. That deep place of quietness is the only place to be, the only way to be truly at home in God and in myself. Otherwise I will always be pulled out of myself, tossed here and there, reacting to each stimulus,and often over-reacting. That deep balance comes only from His presence deep within my being. As I look back on my life, as I look within myself from the vantage point of many years of walking with God, I understand more fully why He gave me that life verse when I was only 11 years old, from my dear grandmother: "In quietness and confidence shall be your strength." (Isaiah 30:15) Friday, February 13, 2009 Brenda's eyes were shining as she said, "I'm not wearing black, I'm wearing Dad's favourite colour." She wore a beautiful jacket of kingfisher blue. "I can't be sad," she whispered. I understood. There was so much of God's hand in all that surrounded this man's passing. A little later as we began to file into the chapel for the service, I noticed a row of veterans in the back. Gray haired, faces lined, and no longer resembling the dashing young men who once went to war, they sat with a quiet dignity. Suddenly I felt very close to my own dad. I knew that many of them shared a brotherhood with him that only they could understand. Later, after the committal at the graveside, we came back for lunch at the Legion hall and I went over to chat with a couple of these gentlemen and shake their hands. I told them that my dad had been an old soldier too, and I asked them where they had been during the war. I wanted to show them honour, to pay attention to them. The respect and honour shown to the deceased person at a funeral is an important part of this final ritual. Susan's and Brenda's dad, Hugh Saunders, was honoured with a full colour ceremony at the Legion the night before the funeral. He was buried with a hundred poppies in his casket, placed there dozens of vets and his family. Susan pinned hers right on his lapel and then patted his chest, right over his heart and whispered, "Goodbye Dad--until I see you again." As the cavalcade of cars proceeded slowly through the heart of Windsor to the cemetery, I thought of the sombre progress, 6 years ago, along the streets of the village of Alvechurch as I rode in the funeral car with Mum and Robert. A man in top hat and tails walked slowly in front of the car, leading the way from the house, to St. Laurence Church, only a short walk really; not even a mile. The sense of dignity though, was immense, as it was when dad's coffin was wheeled in, draped in the Union Jack, and led by standard bearers. Today I wondered why we save so much honour for the end. I understand why we do it then, but why wait? Why not try to show honour and respect for each and every human being we meet, each and every day? Our world has become so casual in many ways that I think we have lost something precious. It is, after all, a demonstration of love to honour someone. What a wonderful thing it would be if each person we met felt incredibly cherished and attended to, loved and honoured. 1 John 4:7-12 (New International Version) 7 Dear friends, let us love one another, for love comes from God. Everyone who loves has been born of God and knows God. 8Whoever does not love does not know God, because God is love. 9This is how God showed his love among us: He sent his one and only Son into the world that we might live through him. 10This is love: not that we loved God, but that he loved us and sent his Son as an atoning sacrifice for our sins. 11Dear friends, since God so loved us, we also ought to love one another. 12No one has ever seen God; but if we love one another, God lives in us and his love is made complete in us. Thursday, February 12, 2009 After everyone else had left the funeral luncheon today, and I had delivered some of the flowers to my dad's wife, Peggy, and had another cup of tea with her, I went back to the cemetery alone in the rain. I cranked up my car stereo full blast, left the door wide open and as I listened to the strains of the same song Belinda posted on Sunday ( I will Rise ). I sloshed through puddles and mud and made my way over to the freshest grave there, my dad's and danced (yes, I danced) all around my mom and dad's side by side graves in the pouring rain. My hands were lifted high to heaven in gratitude to a King who brings all things to fruition in the fullness of time... I will see them again. I will see both of them again. I will see both of them together again. And I am in awe of God''s great plan. His heart must be SO BIG to be able to contain such plans! God is so good, people. GOD IS SO GOOD!!!! There is nothing he can't do. Absolutely nothing! Ask me how I know. :) My mom and dad. Together forever. Yeah, ask me how I know... Wednesday, February 11, 2009 4"Blessed are those who mourn, for they shall be comforted. I leave early this morning, for Windsor, to simply "be with" Susan and her family at the funeral of her father. With me I will carry the love of her co-workers and friends who couldn't make the long journey, but who wish they could. I know from experience, how much each token of caring means, whether prayer (I literally felt the prayers of others carry me when my father died), or a card, or the physical presence of the people who come to show their respect and love. Susan is giving the eulogy at the funeral, and I look forward to hearing the thoughts that she will share. When my father died I expected to speak on behalf of the family; I'm the oldest child and usually pretty comfortable speaking publicly. But when the local vicar came to visit and help plan the service, and began to ask questions about dad's qualities, I suddenly felt very fragile and helpless and was grateful to lean into his strength. He seemed to assume that he would take care of the whole service and I was happy to let him. Sitting with a total stranger at such a raw time, trying to make sure we conveyed everything that was important to say, was draining and exhausting. How do you sum up a person's life in a few short words? And yet it seemed so important to do so. He wasn't just anybody, he was my dad. After the vicar left, I felt as though I had failed miserably in describing him. But in my Daily Light, on the page for January 29th, is one of my little notes. It says: "The day after we met with the vicar to talk about who Dad was and I felt we had failed to describe him. 2003" The first verse of the day was this: Genesis 16: 13 You are the God who sees me As if that wasn't enough, the next verses were from Psalm 139: O Lord, you have searched me and known me! You know when I sit down and when I rise up; you discern my thoughts from afar. You search out my path and my lying down and are acquainted with all my ways. At the end came this verse: But Jesus . . . knew all people and needed no one to bear witness about man, for he himself knew what was in man.— “Lord, you know everything; you know that I love you.” God assured me through his Word, that it didn't matter whether I had described Dad well enough, or even how the vicar translated what I had said, because God knew who he was. What sweet comfort. What a sign of love. Blessed are those who mourn, for they shall be comforted. Tuesday, February 10, 2009 Man shot twice in two days Same man shot twice in two different weekend incidents. » What happened? I mean, who could resist finding out "what happened?" Well, most of the time, I could, because I try not to get distracted on the way to reading email, which I'm usually doing as a distraction to begin with. But this evening I did take the bait, and I must be feeling punchy after my stressful week last week, because when I read this: CALGARY (CBC) - A man who was shot on two separate occasions over the weekend is not co-operating with police. I started laughing. I'm sorry, but there is something very funny in that sentence. The story continues: The man was in a car that was hit in a drive-by shooting in the southwest on Friday night. "When police arrived they located a Dodge Stratus vehicle, unoccupied with motor running and lights on with the passenger door wide open," police said in a press release. A search of the area where the shooting took place failed to find a victim, but two hours later, a man showed up at hospital with wounds to his shoulder and chest. He was treated and released The story continues... On Saturday night the same man walked into a convenience store on Macleod Trail with a fresh bullet wound to his left shoulder. He was taken to hospital in serious but non-life-threatening condition. "We've asked our homicide investigators to actually help in the investigation only because he obviously is a targeted individual," said Insp. Rob Williams of the Calgary Police Service. "But he's not being co-operative with us at all and wants nothing to do with police or our assistance. "At this point he is a victim and we can't force him to follow any of our advice." I can't help it, I find so many of the lines in the story funny: "We've asked our homicide investigators to actually help in the investigation." I mean, as opposed to doing what? Well, now you know the truth, I have a warped sense of humour. It is prone to strike at odd moments like tonight, and it is a mercy when I am sitting quietly at home and not in a meeting when it happens. I have memories of standing in a washroom, having left a meeting to compose myself, only to burst into laughter again every time I caught sight of my eyes, wet with tears, in the mirror. And if I had to explain what struck me as so funny, I would expect eyes that pitied and thought I'd lost my marbles, which quite possibly I have. Meanwhile, I've been wondering if we couldn't use this tantalizing technique for church signs: "Man swallowed by giant fish--find out why." To those who don't know the story, it might just be enough to spark their curiosity. And I do feel sorry for the poor man in the newspaper story. That was a very bad weekend. Monday, February 09, 2009 Beside me trotted my faithful furry friend, Molson, his paws crunch-crunching as he trotted along, as happy as a child let out of school early. So many new scents to sniff--where to start? It was all too overwhelming. As we began our homeward jaunt, behind us in the west, the sky seemed to be awash with a river of pink molten lava, rippled in lavender. The pavement reflected back the pink light, stretching out behind us and pointing like an icy finger in the direction of the sky. Before us, like a luminous lantern guiding us home, hung a moon in the dusky twilight sky, as creamy white as a bowl of vanilla ice cream. It felt like a wonderful start to a new week after several very busy ones with some temporarily long hours put in to meet deadlines. Last week, at my peak of pressure, late on Wednesday, I came home frazzled and testy. It was worship practice night, but I had too much to do at home. At my personal worst, on a day when I should have worn a sign around my kneck saying, "Approach at your peril," I decided that maybe it was time to leave the worship team. Although I love to sing, my voice is not strong and I don't sing the beautiful harmonies that some of my team mates do. I felt quite dispensable, and hastily sent a quick email to the worship leaders sharing my decision. It felt like a relief at the time, although I knew that there was something amiss in the condition of my heart. The next day...well, a terrible and hollow feeling descended. What had I done? Every time I thought about Sunday, I felt a sense of loss. I hadn't heard back from anyone. Perhaps they hadn't opened their emails yet. It wasn't long before I was sending another one across cyberspace, saying something like, "If you'll still have me, can I stay?" Before too long, two emails arrived, relieved and gladly welcoming me back from my self imposed exile. They both also said something I hadn't expected, and which made me feel uncomfortable, "You are irreplaceable." In my reply to the first email I ignored that sentence, focusing on my own relief at still being part of the team and my happiness that sanity had returned. In my reply to the second, I said, "I know that no one is irreplaceable," which seemed right. But I felt a gentle Holy Spirit rebuke; a rebuke I recognize and take seriously when I feel it. I paid attention and considered what it meant. What I felt God saying to me was that we are all indeed irreplaceable, but not in the inflated sense we might think of it. In our zeal to avoid pride, we also avoid truth. God does not use cookie cutters. There will never be another person that can fit our place exactly. Like a puzzle piece that fits neatly into place, we belong somewhere in his plan, and what joy it is when we find that spot. Romans 12:3-5 (Amplified Bible) 3For by the grace (unmerited favor of God) given to me I warn everyone among you not to estimate and think of himself more highly than he ought [not to have an exaggerated opinion of his own importance], but to rate his ability with sober judgment, each according to the degree of faith apportioned by God to him. 4For as in one physical body we have many parts (organs, members) and all of these parts do not have the same function or use, 5So we, numerous as we are, are one body in Christ (the Messiah) and individually we are parts one of another [mutually dependent on one another]. Sunday, February 08, 2009 15 But you, O Lord, are a compassionate and gracious God, slow to anger, abounding in love and faithfulness. 16 Turn to me and have mercy on me; grant your strength to your servant and save the son of your maidservant. I closed my Daily Light after reading it on Friday morning, but before I did, I moved the bookmark to the next day's reading, February 7th. There was a note in the top left hand corner of the page in my handwriting. Not unusual, for I have written little notes throughout this dog eared, book that is very precious to me. Some notes remind me of a birthday, or a the day of some one's death. Some note a significant moment in my spiritual journey. A few are so enigmatic that I wonder whatever I meant at the time I wrote them. The one on February 7th, said, "Susan S. parent's 50th wedding anniversary '98." On October 5th another note says, "Susan S. Mom's home-going, 1987." She went to heaven 22 years ago in October, but February 7th would have been her 61st wedding anniversary. I don't know why I feel compelled to note these things, but I do. I was lying in bed this morning trying to will myself to get up when the phone rang downstairs. I knew that before I would get to it the answering machine would kick in, but it gave me the needed nudge to emerge from beneath the warm covers. I crept downstairs so as not to waken Paul, and listened to the message. It was from Susan. Her voice raw and trembling slightly. "My dad's gone; about 2 o'clock this morning. We were on the way, we're at Chatham." Susan's father, an old soldier, like my own dad, lived in Windsor. He was proud, stubborn and independent, but he had resigned himself to moving to a nursing home on Tuesday, something he had never wanted to do. I marvelled at how God weaves these things together, because when she called again a little later, to tell me he had died in the hospital, I was able to remind her of what day it was, and that perhaps he wasn't alone. I imagined a special visitor to that room, one at whose sight his eyes would have brightened as the veil between this world and the next was pulled aside. Tomorrow our worship team will sing the beautiful Chris Tomlin song, I will Rise for the first time. I've been longing to sing it, having listened to it over and over, loving the lyrics and music. Is it coincidence that we sing it tomorrow? There's a peace I've come to know Though my heart and flesh may fail There's an anchor for my soul I can say "It is well" Jesus has overcome And the grave is overwhelmed The victory is won He is risen from the dead And I will rise when He calls my name No more sorrow, no more pain I will rise on eagles' wings Before my God fall on my knees I will rise There's a day that's drawing near When this darkness breaks to light And the shadows disappear And my faith shall be my eyes Jesus has overcome And the grave is overwhelmed The victory is won He is risen from the dead And I will rise when He calls my name No more sorrow, no more pain I will rise on eagles' wings Before my God fall on my knees I will rise And I hear the voice of many angels sing, "Worthy is the Lamb" And I hear the cry of every longing heart, "Worthy is the Lamb" And I hear the voice of many angels sing, "Worthy is the Lamb" And I hear the cry of every longing heart, "Worthy is the Lamb" And I will rise when He calls my name No more sorrow, no more pain I will rise on eagles' wings Before my God fall on my knees I will rise Saturday, February 07, 2009 I share today some of those words that I read in a Daily Prayer each day, taken from the website of the ministry of John and Stasi Eldredge: www.ransomedheart.com. You can find the full two page text of this prayer under the section on their website called Going Deeper- Daily Prayer. Jesus, I also sincerely receive you as my life, my holiness, and strength, and I receive all the work and triumph of your resurrection, through which you have conquered sin and death and judgment. Death has no mastery over you, nor does any foul thing. And I have been raised with you to a new life, to live your life - dead to sin and alive to God. I now take my place in your resurrection and your life, through which I am saved by your life. I reign in life through your life. I receive your life - your humility, love and forgiveness, your integrity in all things, your wisdom, discernment and cunning, your strength, your joy, your union with the Father. Apply to me the fullness of your resurrection. I receive it with thanks and give it total claim to my spirit, soul and body, my heart, mind and will. My life is beyond this body, this hour, this day, this circumstance. I must never forget that, nor must you. Friday, February 06, 2009 4He brought me to the banqueting house, and his banner over me was love [for love waved as a protecting and comforting banner over my head when I was near him]. Calm returned to my heart as a big task at work was accomplished today. My shoulders grew lighter and laughter returned to my soul! That felt so good. I could relax and feel like a human being instead of that tense ninny who had to apologize to half a dozen people the next day. I noticed those in my immediate vicinity heaving sighs of relief. Was I really so grim and negative? Yes, I know the answer. Tonight five of us sat after dinner, discussing the questions in the study we've been doing on the armour of God as described in Ephesians 6. Our focus was the footwear; the shoes of the gospel of peace. One question was: How did God make peace with you? Paul's answer gave me much food for thought. He spoke of the symbolic custom of breaking bread in the middle east, and how those tricked into doing so by their enemies knew that once this had occurred, whether knowingly or not, there could be no further hostilities between the parties. He reminded us of Jesus, at the Last Supper, breaking the bread and saying, "This is my body, broken for you." The deep symbolism of that action and those words, sank in. Peace between man and God. What a banqueting table; what a love feast. Ephesians 6:15 (Amplified Bible) 15And having shod your feet in preparation [to face the enemy with the firm-footed stability, the promptness, and the readiness produced by the good news] of the Gospel of peace. Psalm 23:5 (Amplified Bible) 5 You prepare a table before me in the presence of my enemies. You anoint my head with [a]oil; my [brimming] cup runs over. Thursday, February 05, 2009 4 He has taken me to the banquet hall, and his banner over me is love. Writing a reply to an email I find myself harsh. I second guess myself; edit, reword, soften, remember...breathe. A sudden surge of anger at something catches me off guard, adding pressure to an already pressured day. A question asked once too often and I reply discourteously to someone who does not perhaps notice the subtle rudeness of my reply. But I know, and my heart is grieved. Who is this hot-head that lives in me still? If I make more room for Christ, surely what flows from me will naturally (or "by nature") be love. I will have no fear of harshness. No need to repent of sudden sharpness in my voice, in spoken or written word. The verse today says, "His banner over me is love." Self referentially I always thought that it pointed out how much he loves me; how much he loves us. I wonder if I have that wrong (not about his loving us, but what the banner means.) I wonder if the banner is meant to proclaim, "Here, look--this one is mine. She represents love." Surely if I am his child carrying his DNA; made of "God stuff;" I should resemble him more closely. Oh Lord, let love invade and possess the kingdom of my heart, and flow like life bloood through my thoughts, words and deeds. Wednesday, February 04, 2009 The anthem at church this Sunday was "Joy in the Morning". It spoke of the joy there would be "on that day", presumably the day when God would make everything right, and good and beautiful. I thought that what I really care about is the joy that I need, and try to find, and that indeed is available to all of us, every morning. I thought of my waking thoughts earlier that morning, and my ongoing reflections on joy versus happiness. It seems time to share them. My struggles often seem the worst in the middle of the night, and the very earliest waking hours of the morning. Sometimes I come to a place of peace before I rise; other times it comes when I am upright and moving forward, accomplishing some simple tasks, and settling down to speak and listen to the Lord, through prayer and His word. This morning he reminded me through this scripture verse of His power to give me the kind of joy that lasts, that sustains and satisfies, whatever else is going on in my life. It is His love that gives us the power to "sing for joy and be glad all our days." I remember the joy of singing His praises on Sunday evenings in the worship team I love so much. There I always truly know that God is present in His praises, that singing the words of His faithfulness indeed has power to change our minds and emotions. And that is one time where an external experience, of worship, can change what is going on in the inside. But in general what I believe we learn in the Christian life is that it is joy, not happiness, that sustains us. In the poem called "The Gift", that I quoted last week, there is the line "You have a breath without pain. It is called happiness." (William Stafford) And happiness is like that. It is not something lasting; it depends on circumstances. The insight for the day on January 29th in the Bible League's 2009 Devotional Planner highlighted this counterpoint: Joy is not the same thing as happiness. The word 'happy' comes from the word 'happenstance', which means "a chance happening." Happiness depends on happenings. Joy is a state of being. It flows from the inside out. Let God be the well from which your joy springs - no matter what the circumstances. Have you ever felt joy even when you weren't happy? This reminds me again of a principle that has become ingrained into my thinking through the words of a mentor. I was taught to recognize when I was looking to "happenings", events, improvements, relationships, changes in others and situations, to make me feel better about my life. The saying " If....were better I would be okay" has come to sum up a dependence on "happenstance" to bring me or others a sense of well being, okay-ness, safety or joy. Learning to let go of that dependence has opened me up more to the capacity to find true joy in living, even if I am not happy. I believe that is what God is calling us to when He says, through Paul, to "Be joyful always." (I Thessalonians 5:16), or through the psalmist reminding us of His capacity to empower us to do that through His unfailing love. Tuesday, February 03, 2009 A virgin heart each morning A blank page On which the Master's hand May write a loving lesson A love note I want to lay it down A sacrificial offering A pure heart And yet I come to him With heart already cluttered A half heart I want to live for him In action as in discourse A true life To really put him first And give to him unflinching A whole heart This poem birthed itself this morning as I was thinking about the fact that a whole month has gone by since I began my quest to develop three key habits: A daily Sacred Hour A good night's sleep each night A weekly Sabbath--celebrating it as a day of true rest Results? Well, not perfection, I am afraid, but I'm not giving up. My daily Sacred Hour has sometimes been a Sacred Half Hour, but I have had many whole hours and it has been so good. The hour goes by so fast, and I love to have unhurried time with God. I do struggle to get to bed on time, being by nature more of a night owl, but I am trying, because I want to become a lark. This weekend I did better. I have been getting more sleep, but if I don't get to bed in time, obviously my morning is shorter. Finally, the celebrating of Sabbath has been good on the one hand, because I have resisted doing any personal chores on it, but because it has been a very busy time at work, I have done some work that was necessary, on Sunday evenings. I won't be doing that next weekend, but I felt that I had to over the past couple of weekends. Is this the thin edge of the wedge? I sure hope not--I am committed to resting on Sundays. Other updates: On Saturday I got a lot of the decorations put away but our Christmas tree is still up! :) Ephesians 6:10 (New International Version) 10Finally, be strong in the Lord and in his mighty power. Monday, February 02, 2009 In a writers’ group online, one author told how her pastor’s mention of an Old Testament passage triggered the idea, “the right word for the right occasion.” She decided to add this phrase to her biographical details as her “tag line,” but didn’t know its source. Someone suggested Proverbs 25:11 NIV: "A word aptly spoken is like apples of gold in settings of silver." Another verse given was Eph. 4:29 NIV: "Do not let any unwholesome talk come out of your mouths, but only what is helpful for building others up according to their needs, that it may benefit those who listen." My mind went back to childhood years in West Vancouver, following WWII. A very precise and disciplined British surgeon, who founded a ministry in Aden and countries around the Red Sea, sometimes stayed in our home for a week. This tall statesman had to sleep on my brother’s bed, the width of a cot. On each furlough trip to Canada, this pioneering doctor tried to raise up potential missionaries for that hot and (then) thankless area – perhaps young marrieds, willing to have nothing, to live by faith, and to join a very difficult work. At that time, particularly in Yemen, many woman died in childbirth since fathers did not encourage daughters to leave to study nursing – and female patients were not allowed male medical assistance. Dr. Lionel Gurney , on his knees, gave my brothers camel rides on his back in front of the big stone fireplace made of round boulders. Still on his knees, he pointed out to me, a teenager, all the Red Sea countries on a large map on the floor, and inspired my prayer. He also gave me Isaiah 50:4 (and later verse 7). In the King James, the verse read The Lord GOD hath given me the tongue of the learned, that I should know how to speak a word in season to him that is weary: he wakeneth morning by morning, he wakeneth mine ear to hear as the learned. Today through the cyber world, these memories came flooding back. And with them came new insight, as I read the Psalter version Queen Victoria used. God says He will “learn” the meek – i.e., cause them to learn His way, as He teaches them (Ps. 25:9). All these years, I have thought these verses showed the wise tongue and ear were “learn-èd” in the old, two-syllable pronunciation. In contrast, I suddenly realize that the tongue and the pen belong to the “unlearnèd” one who listens – to the New Testament “disciple” – the follower, and the learner – the one willing to be taught. Today, I choose to put myself back into the role of the pupil, and to hear His voice – and maybe, as I listen, He will give me “A Word in Season” to share. Psalm 25:9 (New Living Translation) 9 He leads the humble in doing right, teaching them his way
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An operating theater (also known as an operating room, operating suite, operation theatre, operation room or operation suite) is a facility within a hospital where surgical operations are carried out in a sterile environment. Historically, the term "operating theatre" referred to a non-sterile, tiered theater or amphitheater in which students and other spectators could watch surgeons perform surgery. |This section does not cite any sources. (October 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)| Contemporary operating rooms are devoid of a theater setting (though some in teaching hospitals may have small galleries), making the term "operating theater" a misnomer for the modern facility. Operating rooms are spacious, easy to clean, and well-lit, typically with overhead surgical lights, and may have viewing screens and monitors. Operating rooms are generally windowless and feature controlled temperature and humidity. Special air handlers filter the air and maintain a slightly elevated pressure. Electricity support has backup systems in case of a black-out. Rooms are supplied with wall suction, oxygen, and possibly other anesthetic gases. Key equipment consists of the operating table and the anesthesia cart. In addition, there are tables to set up instruments. There is storage space for common surgical supplies. There are containers for disposables. Outside the operating room is a dedicated scrubbing area that is used by surgeons, anesthetists, ODPs (operating department practitioners), and nurses prior to surgery. An operating room will have a map to enable the terminal cleaner to realign the operating table and equipment to the desired layout during cleaning. Several operating rooms are part of the operating suite that forms a distinct section within a health-care facility. Besides the operating rooms and their wash rooms, it contains rooms for personnel to change, wash, and rest, preparation and recovery rooms(s), storage and cleaning facilities, offices, dedicated corridors, and possibly other supportive units. In larger facilities, the operating suite is climate- and air-controlled, and separated from other departments so that only authorized personnel have access. Operating room equipment - The operating table in the center of the room can be raised, lowered, and tilted in any direction. - The operating room lights are over the table to provide bright light, without shadows, during surgery. - The anesthesia machine is at the head of the operating table. This machine has tubes that connect to the patient to assist him or her in breathing during surgery, and built-in monitors that help control the mixture of gases in the breathing circuit. - The anesthesia cart is next to the anesthesia machine. It contains the medications, equipment, and other supplies that the anesthesiologist may need. - Sterile instruments to be used during surgery are arranged on a stainless steel table. - An electronic monitor (which records the heart rate and respiratory rate by adhesive patches that are placed on the patient's chest). - The pulse oximeter machine attaches to the patient's finger with an elastic band aid. It measures the amount of oxygen contained in the blood. - Automated blood pressure measuring machine that automatically inflates the blood pressure cuff on patient's arm. - An electrocautery machine uses high frequency electrical signals to cauterize or seal off blood vessels and may also be used to cut through tissue with a minimal amount of bleeding. - If surgery requires, a Heart-lung machine, or other specialized equipment, may be brought into the room. Heart lung machine takes the temporary control of the heart and lung during the surgery maintaining the circulation of blood and oxygen content of the body - Advances in technology now support Hybrid Operating Rooms, which integrate diagnostic imaging systems such as MRI and Cardiac Catheterization into the operating room to assist surgeons in specialized Neurological and Cardiac procedures. Surgeon and assistants equipment People in the operating room wear PPE (personal protective equipment) to help prevent germs from infecting the surgical incision. This PPE includes the following: - a protective cap covering their hair - masks over their lower face, covering their mouths and noses with minimal gaps to prevent inhalation of plume or airborne microbes - shades or glasses over their eyes, including specialized colored glasses for use with different lasers. a fiber-optic headlight may be attached for greater visibility - vinyl gloves on their hands; latex is used as well, but much less common due to latex sensitivity which affects some health care workers and patients - long gowns, with the bottom of the gown no closer than six inches to the ground. - protective covers on their shoes - if x-rays are expected to be used, lead aprons/neck covers are used to prevent overexposure to radiation The surgeon may also wear special glasses that help him/her to see more clearly. The circulating nurse and anesthesiologist will not wear a gown in the OR because they are not a part of the sterile team. They must keep a distance of 12-16 inches from any sterile object, person, or field. Operating theatres had a raised table or chair of some sort at the center for performing operations, and were surrounded by several rows of seats (operating theatres could be cramped or spacious) so students and other spectators could observe the case in progress. The surgeons wore street clothes with an apron to protect them from blood stains, and they operated bare-handed with unsterilized instruments and supplies (gut and silk sutures were sold as open strands with reusable, hand-threaded needles; packing gauze was made of sweepings from the floors of cotton mills). In contrast to today's concept of surgery as a profession that emphasizes cleanliness and conscientiousness, at the beginning of the 20th century the mark of a busy and successful surgeon was the profusion of blood and fluids on his clothes. In 1884 German surgeon Gustav Neuber implemented a comprehensive set of restrictions to ensure sterilization and aseptic operating conditions through the use of gowns, caps, and shoe covers, all of which were cleansed in his newly invented autoclave. In 1885 he designed and built a private hospital in the woods where the walls, floors and hands, arms and faces of staff were washed with mercuric chloride, instruments were made with flat surfaces and the shelving was easy-to-clean glass. Neuber also introduced separate operating theaters for infected and uninfected patients and the use of heated and filtered air in the theater to eliminate germs. In 1890 surgical gloves were introduced to the practice of medicine by William Halsted. Aseptic surgery was pioneered in the United States by Charles McBurney. Surviving operating theaters While operating theaters are no longer used for surgery, some still exist. One of the oldest surviving operating theaters is the Old Operating Theatre in London. Built in 1822, it is now a museum of surgical history. Another theater still exists at the University of Padua, in Italy, inside Palazzo Bo. It was commissioned by the anatomist Girolamo Fabrizio d'Acquapendente in 1594. Another famous operating theater is the Ether Dome in Boston. Built in 1824, it is now a conference room and tourist attraction. Pennsylvania Hospital in Philadelphia also boasts its own surviving operating theater, built in 1804. - In the "Homer's Triple Bypass" episode of The Simpsons, Homer Simpson has an operation performed on him in an operating theater. - In Lemony Snicket's The Hostile Hospital, Count Olaf disguises his henchmen as doctors and tries to perform a "cranioectomy" (decapitation) on Violet Baudelaire for a live audience in an operating theater. - In the Seinfeld episode The Junior Mint, Kramer accidentally drops a Junior Mint into the body of the patient Roy, Elaine's boyfriend, who is having a splenectomy. Miraculously, his condition improves and the doctor declares that, during the operation, something "staved off [the] infection; something beyond science...something, perhaps, from above."[relevant? ] - During a stand-up routine in "The Ex-Girlfriend", Jerry prefers operations in small rooms as opposed to operating theaters: "You don't want the doctors doing anything that'll make the other doctors go 'I have to see this!'" - Many scenes of the Cinemax series The Knick, set in the fictional Knickerbocker Hospital in New York City in 1900 and 1901, are set in the hospital's operating theatre, which has tiered seating surrounding the operating table from which other surgeons, students, or just interested spectators can watch the surgical procedures. - In the Grey's Anatomy episode "This Magic Moment," Dr. Meredith Grey refers to the OR as an operating theatre during the opening narration of the episode. - Deysine, M (2003). Hernia infections: pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, prevention. Informa Health Care. pp. 13. ISBN 0-8247-4612-0. - Bishop, WJ (1995). The Early history of surgery. Barnes & Noble. pp. 169. ISBN 1-56619-798-8. - Porter, R (2001). The Cambridge illustrated history of medicine. Cambridge University Press. pp. 376. ISBN 0-521-00252-4. - Gross, E (1990). This day in American history. Verlag für die Deutsche Wirtschaft. pp. 61. ISBN 1-55570-046-2.
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A Latin drinking song, associated with the goliardic culture. More palatino bibimus; ne gutta supersit unde suam possit musca levare sitem. Sic bibimus, sic vivimus We drink in palatial style; and not a drop should remain by which a fly could quench her thirst. Thus we drink, thus we live while we are students. Some linguistic notes supersit is an exhortative subjunctive form that expresses a wish for something to happen. In this case, it is negated by the ne. The following sentence is a relative one, tied to the previous by the unde pronoun form - here we can also appreciate the freedom in word order; suam modifies sitem, and it is quite separate from it. Literally the word ordering is "by which - his - could - a fly - quench - thirst". The only way to make sense of it is to watch the cases. In the last sentence, the first phrase omits the subject (it should be "nos") and the second omits the subject and the verb: the complete form would be "dum nos sumus academici".
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Sleep is an important factor in maintaining brain health, which means it is important to make sure you are taking steps to help improve the quality of sleep you are getting. This is especially true for survivors of stroke. Introduction (0:00 - 1:18) This video gives an overview of seven basic sleep hygiene guidelines, explains the reasoning behind them, and provides ideas for how you can incorporate some of these into your daily and nightly routine. Try to keep an open mind and identify at least one way you can change your sleep hygiene habits. Be Consistent (1:19 - 4:04) The first three guidelines are: Consistent sleep & wake times, even on weekends. Establish a bedtime routine. Use your bed for sleep, sickness, and sex only. Pay Attention to What You’re Putting into Your Body (4:05 - 6:11) Pay attention to what you’re putting into your body! Avoid: Caffeine within six hours of bedtime Stimulants, such as nicotine and sugar, prior to bed Alcohol late in the evening Other Good Habits to Adopt (6:12 - 7:59) The last three guidelines are: Exercise daily, just not within three hours of bedtime. Make sure you are taking your medication properly. Block blue light from electronics within three hours of bedtime. Accessing Blue Light Filter Settings (8:00 - 9:33) Many electronic devices have settings that enable the blue light filter to automatically turn on and off. You should be able to access them by entering the word “night” into the search bar in your device settings. Wrap-Up & References (9:34 - 10:42) Many, if not all, of the sleep hygiene habits discussed in this video come down to being consistent. It can be hard to change long-time habits, but quality sleep is vital to your well-being! Commit to taking even better care of yourself and find at least one way you will change your sleep hygiene habits for the better!
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We used carbon and nitrogen isotopes to investigate changes in the diet of California condors from the Pleistocene to the recent. During the Pleistocene, condors from California fed on both terrestrial megafauna and marine mammals. Early accounts reported condors feeding on the carcasses of marine mammals, but by the late 1700s, condor diets had shifted predominantly to terrestrial animals, following the commercial harvesting of marine mammals and the development of cattle ranching on land. At present, dairy calves provided by humans significantly augment condor diet, constituting an artificial support of the current population. Reestablishing a marine mammal component in the condor diet may be an effective strategy for fostering viable condor populations independent of direct human subsidies.
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Senate approves trial plan that would allow MD postdoctoral fellows to serve as principal investigators on federal grants Clinical fellows and MD postdoctoral scholars who win federal grants under the trial plan will be able to "hit the ground running" when they land their first faculty jobs. To help the career development of physician-scientists-in-training – MDs who plan careers conducting research and treating patients – the Faculty Senate last week approved a trial plan to allow them to serve as the lead scientists on federal grants. At its Dec. 2 meeting, the senate approved a four-year trial of a plan to allow clinical fellows and postdoctoral scholars holding MD or MD/PhD degrees to serve as principal investigators on grants awarded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). A principal investigator is the lead scientist or scholar with primary responsibility for the design and conduct of a well-defined research project, such as a laboratory study or a clinical trial. At Stanford, serving as the principal investigator on a federal grant is a privilege largely limited to members of the Academic Council and the Medical Center Line. Under the trial plan, up to 10 postdoctoral MD fellows a year will be able to submit grant applications – one time only – as principal investigators on projects. In his presentation to the senate last Thursday, Harry Greenberg, senior associate dean for research at the School of Medicine, emphasized that the plan was an experiment – one that would be closely watched and carefully evaluated. "What you have before you is a very limited proposal to evaluate whether we can provide certain exceptional postdoctoral MD fellows with the opportunity to get an R01 grant [Research Project Grant from the National Institutes of Health] that will help them in getting their first faculty position," said Greenberg, the Joseph D. Grant Professor in the School of Medicine. Greenberg said physician-scientists-in-training at Stanford who win federal grants under the plan would be able to "hit the ground running" in their first faculty job, because the grant would give them "protected time" to launch their research. He said physician-scientists who join the faculty of clinical departments in medical schools have two primary ways to earn money – clinical care and grants. Early in their careers, if they do not have independent grant support, they face tremendous economic pressure to shift more and more of their attention to patient care and away from research, due to financial constraints. "This plan would permit people to have protected time from the beginning to get their research going and to protect them from having to do that clinical work right at the get-go," Greenberg said. Given the low success rate – currently less than 10 percent of people who apply for NIH grants win funding – and the federal agency's shrinking budget, he said he doesn't expect many MD postdoctoral fellows at Stanford will win R01 grants. Under the plan, which is described in full in documents posted on the Faculty Senate's website, they would receive career development award waivers from Stanford's current policy, which is outlined in the university's Research Policy Handbook. During the 40-minute discussion, which included questions and answers, Peter Kao, an associate professor of medicine, suggested an amendment to the proposal. "I would propose to the senators and to your committee a refinement – that we allow them to win one award, not just to apply for an award, but to keep applying like you do in a career until you win one award," Kao said, adding that winning a grant would make MD postdoctoral trainees more competitive in the academic job market. "It's a great training experience," Kao said. "If you get permission just to hunt for an award and you get shot down once or twice, and then you're not permitted to hunt anymore, that really undermines your initiative to launch into an academic career." Greenberg said the Committee on Research discussed that idea, but didn't want to create a population of postdoctoral trainees who were continually trying to get awards while others did not have an opportunity to apply. The committee decided to limit the experiment to a one-time application (and to allow resubmissions of that application) to see how the plan works, what effect it has on the faculty, on space requirements and on postdoctoral scholars. If it is a success, it can be expanded and modified, Greenberg said. Eric Roberts, the Charles Simonyi Professor in the School of Engineering, said the most compelling reason for supporting the plan was the fact – outlined in the proposal – that the nation desperately needs more physician-scientists. "I couldn't agree more," Greenberg said. "Peter Kao expressed it in a heartfelt way: It is an ever increasingly tough row to hoe. The advancement of the biomedical sciences needs physician-scientists. PhDs are doing a terrific job and they're a key part of it. But you need some component of people who are actually also involved in providing care. That is a breed that is really endangered." Philip Pizzo, dean of the School of Medicine, agreed, saying the number of physician-scientists has been declining dramatically. "I was at a meeting with the NIH directors on Monday and it is clear that this is a continuing major source of concern," said Pizzo, a professor of pediatrics and of microbiology and immunology. Steering committee actions Before the regular meeting, the senate's steering committee met in administrative session and took the following actions: - Renewed degree-nominating authority for the PhD and MA degrees for the Interdisciplinary Program in Modern Thought and Literature for the five-year period of Sept. 1, 2011, through Aug. 31, 2016. - Extended and synchronized reporting and renewal periods of the joint degree programs in public policy (MPP degree and JD/MAPP degrees) by extending all current authority to Aug. 31, 2013. - Approved allowing a maximum of 60 crossover/double-counted units for students enrolled in the JD/MBA Joint Degree Program, as delineated by the School of Law and the Graduate School of Business, effective immediately, so that students may be granted degrees in the 2010-11 academic year. - Renewed degree-nominating authority for the BA degree, undergraduate minor and honors program for the Interdisciplinary Program in Feminist Studies for the three-year period of Sept. 1, 2011, through Aug. 31, 2014. - Renewed the degree-nominating authority for the BA degree, undergraduate minor and honors program for the Interdisciplinary Program in African and African American Studies, for a five-year period of Sept. 1, 2011, through Aug. 31, 2016. The full minutes of the meeting, including a presentation on the 2009/10 Annual Report of the Committee on Academic Computing and Information Systems, will be available on the senate's website this week. The next Faculty Senate meeting is scheduled for Jan. 20.
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Rehabilitation assessment and treatment services are offered: - in the clinic - in the pool: hydrotherapy treatment supervised by a Registered Physiotherapist and a Kinesiologist - in gyms – beginner or performance - progressive resisted exercise supervised by the Registered Physiotherapist and the Kinesologist To teams: individual team members or as a whole teams by prior arrangement Physiotherapy uses series of exercises, techniques, and machines to help minimize or eliminate pain. Physiotherapy helps you to feel better, but also maximizes recovery and helps return you back to a healthy lifestyle. Physiotherapy helps prevent problems from recurring and is an important part of recovery process after surgical procedures. Each patient undergoes an initial physical assessment to determine soft tissue injuries, orthopaedic injuries, neurological status and functional limitations by a qualified registered physiotherapist. This may take place in the outpatient clinic or in the home. These treatment plans are patient specific and are determined from the assessment and include long and short term goals. Continuous reassessment and ongoing physiotherapy treatment help to reduce pain and inflammation. Treatments are safe and effective. We use outcome measures and evidence based practice to continually improve our quality of care. To ensure the best for our patients, we educate you about your injury and we make sure you understand your specific treatment plan. Early mobilization of joints, postural correction, injury specific exercises and use of hydrotherapy (pool) therapy are all instrumental in progressing clients to return to full activity. An individual exercise program is formulated and progressed to encourage client improvement. When able, the client is progressed to resisted activity in the beginners’ gym and/or performance gym depending on the client’s ability and the level of activity required by the client’s work/school/sport. Hydrotherapy is used for clients unable to tolerate gravity-resisted exercise, for clients unable to weight bear, for seniors who need easier resisted exercise and for children who are injured and need a more stimulating environment to exercise in. Physiotherapy is beneficial for people who are suffering from sports injuries, soft tissue injuries resulting in pain, stiffness and weakness. Post-surgical cases following knee, shoulder, hip or any other orthopaedic surgeries are rehabilitated back to normal activities of daily living with the assistance of our registered physiotherapists. Clients who have been involved in Motor vehicle accidents or have back and neck pain, headaches, repetitive strain injuries, arthritis or fibromyalgia will find beneficial results from physiotherapy treatment. Massage Therapy is the assessment and treatment of the soft tissues and joints of the body by hands-on manipulation. Its purpose is to develop, maintain, rehabilitate or augment physical function and relieve pain. Massage therapy is the oldest form of treatment and one that is used in every culture. Today massage therapy is the fastest growing complimentary therapy. As consumers become more aware of their health and well being, their focus has begun to shift to include health prevention and maintenance. Along with primary care and rehabilitation, massage therapy now plays an integral part of this combined approach. Massage therapy provides an alternative health option to help with the soft tissue discomfort associated with every day and occupational stresses, muscular overuse and many chronic pain syndromes. It can also reduce the development of painful muscular patterning such as: constant low back pain or headaches associated with an accident, or another type of trauma or associated with poor positioning during the workday. Massage therapy is offered at the clinic and in the home. The Massage Therapists are registered with the Ontario College of Massage Therapists and are licensed under the Regulated Health Professionals Act. They provide rehabilitation massages for those patients suffering from whiplash (motor vehicle accidents), headaches, tension and migraines, back and neck pain, chronic stress disorders, sports injuries, fibromyalgia, arthritis and discomfort due to pregnancy. Massage produces decreased body tension and emotional stress, improved range of motion, decreased swelling and inflammation and decreased pain, stiffness, and muscular spasm. BENEFITS OF MASSAGE THERAPY Pain and Injury: - Promotes faster healing of strained muscles and sprained joints - Reduces pain and swelling - Reduces formation of excessive scar tissue - Rehabilitation after car accident or post-operation - Enhances athletic performance - Treats injuries caused during sport or work - Reduces muscle spasms and treats musculoskeletal problems - Provides greater joint flexibility and range of motion - Improves circulation of blood and lymph fluids - Promotes deeper and easier breathing - Reduces blood pressure - Helps reduce stress and promote relaxation - Helps relieve tension-related headaches and effects of eye-strain - Reduces blood pressure - Helps relieve mental and physical stress - Improves ability to monitor stress signals and respond appropriately Mental Health and Emotional Benefits: - Encourages peace of mind and a relaxed state of mental alertness - Enhances capacity for calm thinking and creativity - Fosters a feeling of well-being by reducing anxiety levels - Creates body awareness and reinforces mind-body connection - Alleviates discomfort during pregnancy - Enhances the health and nourishment of skin - Improves posture and strengthens the immune system - Satisfies need for caring, nurturing touch Acupuncture is a therapeutic method used to encourage natural healing, reduce or relieve pain and improve function of affected areas of the body. Acupuncture is safe and effective and is often successfully used as an alternative to medications or even surgery. Relief is often obtained when traditional medical therapy has failed. Acupuncture treatment is given by a Registered Physiotherapist who is qualified and has successfully completed the accredited course. Acupuncture is used for the treatment of soft tissue injuries, joint pain, chronic pain, relief of muscle spasm. Acupuncture assessment and treatment is carried on in the clinic, on an outpatient basis. Acupuncture combines traditional clinical information with bio medical sciences. Contemporary Medical Acupuncture is a precise peripheral nerve stimulation technique, in which fine solid needles are inserted into neuro-reactive anatomical loci and are stimulated manually. Many patients already use acupuncture and many more could potentially benefit from the use of this safe and versatile therapeutic discipline. Acupuncture focuses on holistic, energy-based approach to the patient rather than a disease-oriented diagnostic treatment mode. Acupuncture is thought to have a general homeostatic effect, facilitating the body’s natural healing mechanisms, thus returning the body to its normal functional state. Patients who are unable to tolerate ‘land exercise’ are introduced to pool therapy. In this milieu the client can experience success in exercise tolerance and pain relief from the soothing effects of the water. The client is able to exercise using the assistance of buoyancy and the resistance of the water. Hydrotherapy is beneficial to clients post surgery or post accident when weight bearing is not allowed as yet. Water therapy benefits seniors who find it very stimulating and yet relaxing or clients who are too weak to be able to exercise against gravity. accompanies the client in the pool and will modify the exercises as applicable with the supervision and assistance of the Physiotherapist. A hot tub is available for hot water exercise if needed. Clients who are advancing in their program and are able to tolerate more resisted exercise and are ready to use aerobic conditioning equipment such as treadmill, cross-trainer, elliptical, stepper and rowing machines are taken into the gym program. Here, in both gyms, there is a choice of 15-20 resisted exercise machines as well as the above mentioned conditioning equipment. Both a physiotherapist and kinesiologists will supervise the gym and the conditioning area. Pickering Sports Medicine and Wellness Centre has an agreement with the Pickering Recreation Complex to be able to contract their facilities for use for patients. A record of the clients’ progress is kept and documented on their charts as well as in progress reports. The structure of your foot supports your entire body. Any misalignment of muscles and structures of the foot can cause problems. Footmaxx orthotics are used in the treatment and prevention of many foot and related problems that can affect the ankle, knee, hip and lower back. Footmaxx orthotics are used in treating foot conditions such as Plantar Fasciitis, Bunions, medical conditions such as arthritis and diabetes or for correcting poor biomechanics and gait alignment. Footmaxx offers a line of Sportmaxx Orthotics specifically designed for professional athletes. Each design is uniquely crafted to meet the different requirements of the individual sport. Sportmaxx orthotics are used by the majority of teams in Major League Baseball, the National Football League, the National Basketball League and the National Hockey League and as well are endorsed by the Professional Baseball Athletic Trainers Society (PBATS). Traditional orthotics are generated from static molds of a person's feet, usually from plaster casts or Styrofoam molds. The mold cannot take into account gait, foot motion or foot pressure. Footmaxx's technology focuses on a dynamic approach through a computerized analysis that greatly increases the accuracy and effect of the orthotics. The procedure is simple, clean and can be done in under 5 minutes. A person walks across a forceplate. Each foot is scanned by 960 electronic measurement points capturing the foot in motion 30 times per second. Data from the scan is sent via modem to the Footmaxx diagnostic and manufacturing laboratory where it is analyzed by the proprietary software, Metascan. Metascan then determines how best to construct custom orthotics to meet the patient's needs. Pickering Sports Medicine and Wellness Center offers a variety of bracing for your needs. Before any brace is prescribed to you, a formal assessment is done and properly measured to best fit you. We offer braces such as: - braces for tennis and golfers elbow - for painful knees - carpal tunnel - ankle supports - shoulder support An Orthopeadic consultation is available during clinic hours once or twice a month. A Sports Medicine Doctor is available for consultation once weekly. All medical consultations require a referral from your family physician and need to be booked for an appointment. Your consultations are covered by OHIP. Active clinics focus on empowering individuals to take responsibility for their own recovery and to safely return them to their pre-accident functional status as soon as possible. Active clinics support the provision of treatment in the form of complete programs to allow for the flexibility that is necessary in meeting all of the needs of each patient. Active programs are somewhat flexible in order to allow for the provision of patient-specific treatment programs. Active programs take into account that patients do not progress in stages but in a continuum, and not all patients progress at the same rate. Active programs are NOT time-limited programs which, by nature, tend to set individuals individuals up for failure if, and when, they (the patients) do not happen to be “average”. Key Components: Pain Management, Movement, Education, and Exercise. Most also contain ongoing functional testing. Functional information through the assessment process is obtained in order to plan and provide a suitable treatment, with the goal of returning individuals to their re-accident function. The Kinesiologist at Pickering Sports Medicine & Wellness Centre is very active in the patient’s progression of exercise therapy. The Kinesiologist and the Physiotherapist decide, from initial assessment information, the best exercise program for the patient. They reassess on a continuous basis and progress the exercise program accordingly. The Kinesiologist accompanies the client into the gym and into the pool to better supervise the exercise program. In this way, clients perform their exercises with the best positioning and are given one on one supervision. Higher quality outcomes are achieved with this direct approach.
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[time-nuts] More Z3801/Tbolt comparisons holrum at hotmail.com Thu Sep 3 19:40:50 UTC 2009 The standard self-surveys in these units leaves MUCH to be desired. You need to do surveys for 24 hours to help mitigate satellite constellation and atmospheric effects. Note that due to periods of poor satellite geometry, you can't just survey for 24*60*60 fixes. You need the survey to be based upon absolute time. Altitude errors are typically at least three times as large as lat/lon errors, but can be very large. Luckily, altitude errors seem to have a much smaller effect on GPSDO performance than lat/lon errors. Be careful getting your altitude from topo maps. You need to make sure your map reference geoid matches the GPS WGS84 coordinate system. Geoid errors can be tens of meters. For instance the NGS OPUS system reports altitude as both ellipsoid height and orthometric height. The difference here is 25 meters. The next version of Lady Heather will have a very precise self-survey routine. It takes data for 48 hours (which has 24 overlapping 24 hour intervals) and statistically processes it to get a very precise location. Typically the error is around 1 foot lat/lon, 1 meter altitude (there he goes, mixing measurement systems again). With good antennas in good locations it can get to under 4 inches of error. Poor antennas in bad locations might be 2 feet off. Hotmail® is up to 70% faster. Now good news travels really fast. More information about the time-nuts
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Title:Confluence of AI,Machine,and Deep Learning in Cyber Forensics by:Chamundeswari Arumugam,Sanjay Misra,Saraswathi S.,Suresh Jaganathan pages 页数:248 pages Publisher Finelybook 出版社:IGI Global Release Finelybook 出版日期:2020-12-18 Developing a knowledge model helps to formalize the difficult task of analyzing crime incidents in addition to preserving and presenting the digital evidence for legal processing. The use of data analytics techniques to collect evidence assists forensic investigators in following the standard set of forensic procedures,techniques,and methods used for evidence collection and extraction. Varieties of data sources and information can be uniquely identified,physically isolated from the crime scene,protected,stored,and transmitted for investigation using AI techniques. With such large volumes of forensic data being processed,different deep learning techniques may be employed. Confluence of AI,Machine,and Deep Learning in Cyber Forensics contains cutting-edge research on the latest AI techniques being used to design and build solutions that address prevailing issues in cyber forensics and that will support efficient and effective investigations. This book seeks to understand the value of the deep learning algorithm to handle evidence data as well as the usage of neural networks to analyze investigation data. Other themes that are explored include machine learning algorithms that allow machines to interact with the evidence,deep learning algorithms that can handle evidence acquisition and preservation,and techniques in both fields that allow for the analysis of huge amounts of data collected during a forensic investigation. This book is ideally intended for forensics experts,forensic investigators,cyber forensic practitioners,researchers,academicians,and students interested in cyber forensics,computer science and engineering,information technology,and electronics and communication
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Imagine all the food produced each year and then consider that one third of it is either lost or goes to waste. At the same time, 870 million people go hungry each day. It’s a paradox found in both rich and poor countries and one that the EU is tackling head-on by deeming 2014 the European year against food waste. This week we head to the community of Herstal in Belgium to meet a mayor who has vowed to stop food being thrown out in his municipality. In 2012, Frédéric Daerdan implemented a regulation which obliged all supermarkets to donate their unsold, edible food to charitable associations. Despite pockets of resistance from stores which find the rule difficult to administer, there’s now talk of turning the idea into legislation which would apply to more than 5,000 supermarkets in the region of Wallonia. In most of the rest of Europe, the rules are more flexible. In France, supermarkets are encouraged but not obliged to donate their food. As a result, tons of edible food end up in supermarkets’ rubbish bins every day. We demonstrate the extent of this waste by taking part in a trend known as dumpster diving, which is led by people who prove it’s possible to live comfortably using only discarded food.
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Center for Innovation in Diabetes Education The Center for Innovation in Diabetes Education (CIDE) at Joslin was established in 2003 to develop cutting-edge educational programs, materials and methods for successful, long-term diabetes management and self-care. The CIDE also focuses on research and evaluation of new educational approaches, as well as providing these programs to educators and other Joslin staff. Education is a cornerstone of diabetes treatment, helping those with diabetes live better while controlling their disease. The CIDE team works closely with Joslin Clinic as well as the Behavioral and Mental Health Research Section to improve diabetes education. These programs and educational strategies involve innovative ways to deliver information and reinforce self-care behaviors and behavior changes. They are based on principles of adult learning, education, behavioral medicine and psychology. The programs allow individuals with diabetes and their families to work together with physicians and educators to achieve diabetes goals. Expansion of the Diabetes Today Curriculum The CarbChallenge is an interactive game, where participants can test their knowledge of carbohydrate containing foods. Participants are shown 10 food items in succession, and must decide if a particular food is low in carb/no carb, or has more carbs. If participants are not sure what the food is, or if they need help making a decision, a hint is provided. At the end of the activity, they receive a summary of their results, in addition to teaching tips listed next to each of the 10 foods, providing them with more information about that particular food item and its carbohydrate content. The FatChallenge is an interactive game, similar to the CarbChallenge. Participants can test their knowledge of the fat content in a variety of foods, deciding if a particular food contains healthy fats, unhealthy fats, or has no or low fat. Professional Education/ProgramsThe Center for Innovation in Diabetes Education is an accredited provider of continuing education units through the American Dietetic Association and is able to provide one unit for every contact hour of professional education programming. The Center for Innovation in Diabetes Education holds a monthly forum durng the academic year, in which educators, physicians, psychologists and other staff present seminars on new research and approaches for successful diabetes management. Discussion allows educators to understand how to incorporate innovative concepts into their clinical practice. Pediatric Nurse Educators Educator Use of Masked Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) in a Clinic Population of Youth with Type 1 Diabetes March 2011 Joslin Nutrition Staff 2010 USDA Dietary Guidelines- Progress Not Perfection April 2011 Ann Goebel-Fabbri, PhD Update on Eating Disorders and Type 1 Diabetes May 2011 Ellen Golden, RN, CDE and Gail Musen, PhD How Have the DCCT/EDIC Participants Been Thinking?: Effecs of Hypoglycemia on Cognition December 7, 2011 Jacqueline Shahar, MEd, CDE Resistance Training January 18, 2012 Aaron Cypess, MD Brown Fat and Leptin February 15, 2012 Bridget Stewart Business of Treating Diabetes March 21, 2012 Hilary Keenan, PhD Medalist Study April 18, 2012 Christopher Gibbons, MD Neurological Issues with Diabetes The Annual Harriet MacKay Lecture This annual event is named in honor of Harriet MacKay, a member of the well-known class of 1922 at the Deaconess School of Nursing. Ms. MacKay witness the arrival of insulin as a novel treatment for diabetes. At that time, Deaconess School of Nursing students were already receiving rigorous training in the care of many aspects of diabetes. Nurses handled a wide spectrum of duties from managing surgical cases for patients with diabetes to devising meal plans. Upon the advent of insulin treatment, Dr. Elliot Joslin expanded the role of the nurse to include caring for patients with diabetes and their families in the home, and he chose Ms. MacKay to be the first diabetic teaching nurse. For this prestigious lecture, internationally known leaders in diabetes education and diabetes management are invited to the Joslin Diabetes Center to discuss cutting-edge innovations in patient education and diabetes care with clinicians and researchers. Previous speakers and topics include: 2007: Carole' Mensing, MA, RN, CDE, FAADE; Manager, Clinical and Education Programs, Joslin Diabetes Center, Strategic Initiatives; Diabetes Education: Inside, Outside, Upside Down 2008: Linda Siminerio, PhD, RN, CDE; Executive Director, University of Pittsburg Diabetes Institute, Assosicate Professor, University of Pittsburg School of Medicine and School of Nursing; Diabetes Self-Management Education: Evolution/Revolution 2009: Ann Albright, PhD, RD; Directore, Division of Diabetes Translation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Improvements in Diabetes Control and Prevention: Two Steps Forward, One Step Back 2010: Margaret Grey, DrPH, RN, FAAN; Dean and Annie Goodrich Professor, Yale School of Nursing; Reaching Teens with Type 1 Diabetes 2011: Barbara Anderson, PhD; Professor of Pediatrics and Associate Head, Psychology Section, Baylor College of Medicine; Harnessing the Power of the Family to Optimize Diabetes Management ResearchAs part of the Behavioral Research Unit, several studies are being conducted that invesitage the impacts of diabetes education and other behavioral intervetions on diabetes outcomes. This research is paramount in influencing the creation of education programs that help patients successfuly manage their diabetes, such as those developed by the Center for Innovation in Diabetes Education. The Effect of Structured Behavioral Intervention on Poorly Controlled Diabetes. Archives of Internal Medicine; Published online October 10, 2011 Katie Weinger, EdD; Elizabeth A. Beverly PhD; Yishan Lee, MPS; Lilya Sitnokov, BA; Om P. Ganda, MD; A. Enrique Caballero, MD 222 adults with diabetes mellitus were randomly allocated to either five sessions of an educatior-led, highly structured, behavioral and educational group intervention over 6 weeks (structured behavioral arm), or to one of two control interventions: five sessions of a curriculum-based, standard group education program over 5 weeks (group control) or unlimited one-to-one education with certified diabetes educators (CDE) for 5 months (individual control). Participants allocated to group control were matched to the structured behavioral group with respect to exposure to health professionals and diabetes education content. Patients receiving the structure behavioral intervention showed the greatest improvements in glycemia over 1 year. Nevertheless, glycemic control improved in all three arms, which indicates that diabetes education in general is an important adjunct to medical therapy. Furthermore, Dr. Weinger and co-investigators demonstrated that modified psychological and behavioral strategies designed to support diabetes self-care can successfully be incorporated into clinical practice. *Funded by the National Institutes of Health-NIDDK RED Study (Reinforcing Education in Diabetes) This study will investigate whether the Conversation Maps program (a set of innovative, interactive diabetes education tools) can help reinforce healthy self-care and lifestyle behaviors and thus help with achieving and/or maintaining glycemic targets. Patients with type 2 diabetes were randomized to the Conversation Maps program or to an attention control education program addressing hypertension and dyslipidemia. Using a sample of type 2 daibetes patients who have not met ADA glycemic targets of A1c < 7%, the study will 1) systematically assess psychosocial status with validated instruments, 2) evaluate the efficacy of the Conversation Maps education program for reinforcing diabetes education and help patients struggling with glycemia improve self-care behaviors and glycemic control, and 3) identify characteristics of those pateints who respond favorably to this interactive group education intervention to provide clinicians with informatin on appropriate referral.*Funded by the American Diabetes Association Center for Innovation in Diabetes Education Staff: Katie Weinger, EdD, RN, Director Nicholas Hebert, BA, Project Manager and Assistant Curriculum Developer Jo-Anne Rizzotto, MEd, RD, CDE, Director of Educational Services Educators of the Joslin Clinic For more information, please contact Nicholas Hebert at 617-309-4131. Page last updated: October 28, 2016
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My App Review Worksheet Description: The children will need either their favourite app or an app they enjoy and will need to use the worksheet to analyse this and answer the questions. Activity Timeframe: 15 Minutes. Additional Tools Needed: A writing tool and access to a technological device. Learning outcomes and skills used:This activity introduces children to copy-writing as well as basic research skills. Documents come in PDF and PNG format.
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How US Destroyed Former Guantánamo Prisoner’s Life, ‘Slandered’ Him, And Left Him To Suffer In Moroccan Jail The case of Younous Chekkouri, a former prisoner who was released from Guantánamo only to find himself immediately detained by Moroccan authorities, is yet another disturbing example of how the United States government destroyed an innocent human being’s life. Chekkouri recalled in an interview with Associated Press reporters how he was “subject to all sorts of dark torture and sexual abuse in Guantánamo and Kandahar,” when he was captured. While recounting the horror he endured, tears streamed down his face. Yet, he also looked out at the Atlantic Ocean and acknowledged how good it was to finally taste freedom. After months of pressure by Reprieve, an international human rights organization which represented him, Chekkouri was finally freed from a Moroccan jail on February 11. But Morocco has not abandoned its prosecution of Chekkouri, and he has an upcoming hearing on February 23 to determine if he will be charged with “conspiring against national security.” The U.S. government claimed, as it does with all released detainees, that Chekkouri would not be charged or detained when he arrived in his home country of Morocco. It failed Chekkouri, or worse, the U.S. government possibly deceived Chekkouri because upon arrival he was imprisoned in Salé, a facility notorious for torture. Moroccan authorities also chose to pursue charges based on allegations against Chekkouri, which President Barack Obama’s administration concluded were bogus. As Morocco decides what to do with Chekkouri, it is important not to lose sight of the responsibility the U.S. government bears for everything that has happened to Chekkouri and whatever happens to him next in Morocco. Joe Pace, an attorney for Reprieve, told Shadowproof, “The process in Morocco has been frustratingly opaque, but we’re cautiously optimistic that Mr. Chekkouri’s provisional release indicates that the Moroccan investigating judge has already come to the conclusion that there is no basis to charge him.” In U.S. court and to the Moroccan government, Pace said the U.S. government “slandered” Chekkouri. They accused Chekkouri of being a member of the Moroccan Islamic Fighting Group (GICM). The detainee assessment brief for Chekkouri, released by U.S. Army whistleblower Chelsea Manning to WikiLeaks, shows the U.S. military once believed Chekkouri “oversaw GICM operations in Afghanistan, Syria, and Turkey.” The military thought he was a “close Osama Bin Laden associate who played a central role in coordinating mutual support between the GICM and al-Qaida, to include providing GICM fighters to support al-Qaida combat operations in Afghanistan and terrorist attacks Europe.” “Detainee is assessed to have engaged in hostilities against US and Coalition forces as the GICM senior commander on the Bagram front lines and at Tora Bora, and was captured with other extremist fighters fleeing Tora Bora,” the military additionally believed. Chekkouri “ran the Moroccan Training Camp at the Derunta Training Complex and trained militant fighters in explosive detonators, chemical weapons, and military tactics at the Algerian Guesthouse in [Jalalabad, Afghanistan], and at Derunta. Detainee has familial ties to the GICM and al-Qaida members, including former JTF-GTMO detainees who have attempted to reconstitute the GICM. Detainee is assessed to be a high risk who is likely to re-affiliate with the al-Qaida network as a senior commander and resume hostilities upon release.” All of the above information is false. Virtually all of the allegations against Chekkouri stemmed from torture and “unreliable witnesses” at Guantánamo, who habitually lied to interrogators about fellow prisoners—especially after being tortured themselves. As Chekkouri said to AP reporters, “a pathological liar” and another prisoner, who endured waterboarding several times, parroted “whatever his torturers wanted to hear.” Moroccan authorities are understandably perplexed about why the U.S. government suddenly acts as if Chekkouri is innocent after all the prior allegations against him. The U.S. government has been unwilling to aggressively advocate for Chekkouri so Morocco is reassured there is no reason to prosecute Chekkouri. “We fought tooth and nail to get the [Moroccan] Court to compel the U.S. government to deliver a simple message to the Moroccans: that the GICM evidence was garbage,” Pace recalled. “What we got instead was a cowardly, mealy-mouthed response from the Justice Department saying that they ultimately ‘took no position’ on Mr. Chekkouri’s involvement with GICM. What Pace is referring to is the Justice Department letter that Reprieve forced the U.S. government to release, which weakly conceded there was no case against Chekkouri. “Well, when you tell a foreign country for years that you’re firmly convinced that someone is a terrorist and then you say, ‘Eh, actually, we’re agnostic’—Of course the other country is going to feel compelled to investigate,” Pace suggested. Pace argued there was a lot the U.S. government could have done in September so that Chekkouri was not essentially in pretrial confinement for more than four months. “Everyone we spoke to in Morocco told us that a bit of pressure from the U.S. to enforce the diplomatic assurances would have been enough,” Pace recalled. “But it quickly became abundantly clear that the U.S. was content to wash their hands of the issue. According to Pace, attorneys for Chekkouri “had a meeting with the U.S. ambassador to Morocco in early October and the first thing he said when we sat down was, so what can you tell us about what’s happened?” “We were flabbergasted that the U.S. government was asking a tiny NGO about the breakdown of diplomatic assurances that the U.S. State Department had supposedly negotiated. Everything we asked for was shut down: we asked for clarity about the diplomatic assurances, we got none. We asked for the embassy to request that we be able to meet with Chekkouri. We were refused. We asked that the embassy request that we be admitted to the hearing. Nothing. And when we asked periodically for updates about U.S. efforts to enforce the assurances, we were met with a wall of silence.” Asked if attorneys for Chekkouri felt the U.S. government was putting some kind of pressure on them to ensure the Moroccan government would not imprison their client when he was returned home, Pace replied there’s really nothing an NGO can do to ensure that diplomatic assurances are respected, except for making “a lot of noise” and attempting to “embarrass the governments.” For now, Chekkouri faces chilling surveillance by the Moroccan government. Security officers in Morocco called Chekkouri to ask about the AP’s authorization to film him. Two plainclothes officers confronted Chekkouri directly. A uniformed officer demanded to see authorization from AP on recording him. All within twenty minutes of his meeting with reporters, according to the Associated Press. Chekkouri suffers from post-traumatic stress disorder and depression and has not been able to obtain proper medication. His Algerian wife will soon reunite with him, but one of the most difficult aspects of his release is dealing with the fact that the United States robbed him of a chance to be a father. In fact, while detained at Guantánamo, he wrote to an imaginary daughter he did not have and dreamed of having a daughter. “Ultimately, it’s unclear why the investigative judge granted provisional release when he did,” Pace acknowledged. “We did get a sense that the judge was under domestic pressure to hold Chekkouri; perhaps, the powers that be in Morocco decided that five months was enough to satisfy any optics concerns. Perhaps, someone in the State Department finally picked up the phone.” “We may never know. What we do know is that U.S. foot dragging cost an innocent man five more months of his life, in addition to the 14 years he lost to the travesty that is Guantánamo.”
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Rep: None (0) BiographyMy idol, SunTzu, meaningfully states and stresses the 5 laws of an army. The art of war, then, is governed by five constant factors, to be taken into account in one's deliberations, when seeking to determine the conditions obtaining in the field. These are: (1) The Moral Law; (2) Heaven; (3) Earth; (4) The Commander; (5) Method and discipline. Even in simple games like Chess and League of Legends, simple viable strategies and rules that are the foundations of battle are important, for the most part, to secure victory.
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NAIDOC Week returns for 2022 and will take place from July 3 – July 10. Celebrated every July, NAIDOC week is as chance for all Australians to reflect, celebrate, and learn about the history, culture, and achievements of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. This year's theme is ‘Get up! Stand up! Show up!’ which calls for systematic changes to improve the lives of Aboriginal and Torres Strait islanders. Those changes include proper environmental, cultural and heritage protections, Constitutional change, a comprehensive process of truth-telling and calling out racism. NAIDOC Week calls on all Australians, not just Indigenous communities to be part of making those changes. This year’s NAIDOC celebrations will see a return to many in person events which were COVID impacted in 2020 and 2021. The NAIDOC Week website has a calendar of events across all states and territories. There are colouring in posters to download, NAIDOC Week programs available on SBS/NITV and AVC, and music or podcasts to listen to as well. You can find out more by heading to https://www.naidoc.org.au Indigenous Australians face unique mental health challenges and at a rate higher than the general population. In 2019, the rate of Indigenous Australians reporting ‘high or very high’ levels of psychological distress was 2.3 times the rate for non-Indigenous Australians, based on age-standardised rates. All Flourish Australia services are culturally appropriate. We work in close consultation with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander organisations and service providers, so that we can connect people with the most suitable support services for their specific needs. Flourish Australia acknowledges the traditional custodians of the land, sea and waterways upon which we live and work. We pay our respects to their Elders past and present, and recognise their strong and continuing connection to land, culture and spirit. Find out more about our services here https://www.flourishaustralia.org.au/how-can-we-help/health-professionals/our-specialised-services Talk to us today Sun shines brightly as Flourish Foundation Australia launches On 13 July 2022, Flourish Australia's team and supporters gathered at Government House, Sydney to see ... Census data reveals Australia's mental health population, as Flourish Foundation Australia launches The new Flourish Foundation Australia will fund new supports for the some of the 2.2 million Australia...
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Census Bureau Releases Data On Thursday, the U.S. Census Bureau released demographic data that had been delayed as a result of the pandemic. In addition to using this data to redraw legislative districts, the population data from this report also plays a part in federal funding to states and local governments. To access the data and to see the changes in your community please visit the U.S. Census Bureau’s website. Contact: Paul Penna, Legislative Analyst, firstname.lastname@example.org, 609 695-3481, ext.110
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(22) Understanding Financial Statement: Types of Cash Understanding these cash types can help you, the business owner, avoid many pitfalls that sink so many businesses. Remember, the number one reason businesses fail is not Since cash is so vital to the health of a business, is all cash created equal? The answer is NO! There are three sources of cash for your business: - Operating Cash - cash generated by the operation of your business showing how well management converts profits into cash - Financing Cash - cash input from shareholders or borrowed/repaid to lenders - Investing Cash - cash outgo or income from buying or selling assets If cash is king, operating cash is supreme emperor. It is only through a positive generation of operating cash that you have a sustainable business model. If you can’t convert profits into operating cash, you will eventually fail. Ways to increase operating cash include increasing margins and stretching payables aging, as well as decreasing inventory and shortening receivables aging. Here are 4 tests for analyzing Operating cash flow. - Is OCF positive? If not you’re in trouble. - Is OCF greater than Net Income? If not, it means Net Income is not turning into cash but instead is being tied up in Receivables and/or Inventory. In a well runbusiness, OCF should be greater than Net Income due to depreciation, which is a non cashexpense. - Is OCF greater than Fixed Asset Investment (ICF)? If not, it usually means you have to borrow to buy Fixed Assets. OCF is insufficient to fund growth. Capital intensive businesses usually fall into this predicament. Financing needed = OCF – ICF. - Is OCF heading in the same direction as Net Income? If profits are trending up but OCF is trending down, you have a problem. Many times this is how fraud or embezzlement is detected. The balance sheet illustrates what a company owns and what it owes. It is a snapshot in time. The BS always has a single specific date. Every transaction within the business affects the BS. It shows if the company is solvent, if there is enough liquidity or cash to cover short-term obligations, the distribution of your assets (cash, receivables, inventory, PPE), how much the company owes, and any claims by others on company assets. The income statement (also known as Statement of Earnings, Profit Finally, the cash flow statement shows the real money – like the old Wendy’s commercial: “Where’s the beef?”. It represents the Settlement part of the transaction. Similar to the income statement, it is like a movie showing what happened to your cash over a specific period of time. The cash flow statement illustrates how effective you are at turning profits into cash. NET INCOME IS AN OPINION…..CASH IS A FACT! In any business, management makes decisions. These decisions are converted into activities, which are reflected in the financials. With the analytical skills and all three
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Irish inflation edges up to 0.3% but threat of deflation lingers Latest CSO data suggest education, alcohol and tobacco among the main drivers A period of deflation or negative price growth has been identified as a serious risk to Irish economic recovery. Photograph: Krisztian Bocsi/Bloomberg Inflation edged up to 0.3 per cent last month, with higher prices for education, alcohol and tobacco among the main drivers. However, the latest consumer price index, compiled by the Central Statistics Office (CSO), suggests inflationary pressure in the economy remains weak. The CSO figures indicated the average basket of consumer goods and services in April was 0.3 per cent higher than a year earlier, up from the 0.2 per cent rate recorded in March, but still below the euro zone average of 0.7 per cent. A period of deflation or negative price growth could hamper Ireland’s recovery, as it makes debt more difficult to service. A breakdown of the CSO’s index showed average education costs rose by 4.5 per cent year on year, mainly as a result of the recent hike in college fees. Alcohol and cigarette prices were also stronger, rising 3.7 per cent over the past 12 months, reflecting increases in excise duty announced in the last budget. Prices in the CSO’s miscellaneous goods and services section, which includes a range of items from hairdressing to financial services and insurance, rose by 3.2 per cent year on year. Restaurant and hotel prices also rose by 2 per cent. Conversely, the average cost of clothing and footwear fell by 3.7 per cent, while the cost of communications, which covers phone bills, dropped by 3.3 per cent. The figures also showed prices for household equipment and routine house maintenance fell by 3.1 per cent. In addition, the price of food and non-alcoholic beverages being sold in shops and supermarkets fell by 2.1 per cent year on year. The CSO said the divisions which caused the largest downward contribution to prices over the year were food and non-alcoholic beverages; clothing and footwear; and household furnishing and maintenance. This reflects the relatively weak level of consumer demand on the high street, and possibly discounting by retailers. Davy stockbrokers said headline inflation has been largely depressed by external factors, namely ECB rates and oil prices. It noted that energy prices were down 2.2 per cent in the year to April, while mortgage interest fell 11 per cent. If these factors were excluded inflation would put inflation at 1.3 per cent - the fastest rate of growth since January last year, the brokerage said. “We expect the inflation rate to gradually pick up in the near term as the economy recovers but to remain below 1 per cent for most of 2014.” “The bottom line is that demand in the economy is not quite as weak as the headline inflation rate suggests,” it said. At the moment, the local property tax is not included in the CSO’s consumer price index.
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Apparently Scientific American have been doing ‘online only’ specials for a while, but they completely passed me by until they just released one on the The Child’s Mind. It’s a collection of various articles that have been published in SciAm over the past few years on developmental psychology and neuroscience. The issue is not freely available, it costs $5 to download, but this seems good value for those (like me) not wanting to pay for a full online subscription for issues they might never read. I quite like the idea of a minimum payment for a one-stop collection of previously published special interest articles and I’m hoping other publishers will consider doing the same. The special has articles with both clinical and ‘pure research’ angles, including “Why Children Talk to Themselves”, “Scars That Won’t Heal: The Neurobiology of Child Abuse”, “Uncommon Talents: Gifted Children, Prodigies and Savants” and “Think Better: Learning to Focus”. Link to info on The Child’s Mind online special.
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President Trump reversed an executive order banning immigrants and visa holders from seven Muslim countries Sunday after a nation-wide falafel shortage brought protestors to the streets in several major cities. Just hours after the ban went into place, long lines had formed outside falafel shops across the country, as beleaguered halal vendors struggled to meet the demand for the deep-fried chickpea street food. By Saturday night, Americans from across the political spectrum had taken to the streets in anger after learning that the falafel shortage may only get worse. “I voted for Trump because he said he cared about people like me,” said one steel worker as he waited outside a Pittsburgh falafel shop. “So why is he taking away my lunch?” On Sunday, Trump retracted the executive order and acknowledged his error. According to sources close to the administration, the president is also reconsidering the construction of a border wall after learning that most Americans enjoy tacos.
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By John SaItford This paper, based mainly upon previously classified United Nations documents, will seek to re examine the events surrounding the Act of Free Choice which took place in West New Guinea in July and August 1969. In particular, I wish to look at the role of the United Nations and consider whether or not it fulfilled its responsibilities towards the Papuan people. The origins of UN involvement in West New Guinea begin with the formation in 1949 of the UN Commission on Indonesia. This set up the “Round Table Conference” at The Hague which resulted in the agreement to transfer sovereignty from the Dutch to an Indonesian federation led by President Sukarno. During the negotiations, the Netherlands had insisted on retaining sovereignty over West New Guinea, a position condemned by Indonesia as the continuance of Dutch colonialism and a “troublemaking anachronism.”1 The Hague argued the West Papuans had little or no connection with the Asians of Indonesia. They also claimed that they had only administered West New Guinea from Java because they did not consider it practical to appoint a separate governor and administration for a territory with only a small Dutch presence. Nonetheless, Jakarta claimed that West New Guinea was an integral part of the Dutch East Indies and should therefore be part of Indonesia. Further talks were held on the issue in December 1950, but no agreement was reached. By 1957, Indonesia had unsuccessfully submitted four resolutions on their claim to the UN General Assembly. They now turned to what John Reinhardt describes as the third and final phase of the West Irian dispute, a skillful mixture of diplomacy and threats of military force.2 In 1961 this campaign had become a matter of some concern to the newly elected President J. F. Kennedy. Although hostile to Sukarno, he was more prepared than his predecessor to seek a resolution to the dispute. Policy makers in Washington were concerned about Jakarta’s massive Soviet backed increase in military expenditure. Howard Jones, US Ambassador to Jakarta, later wrote: Sukarno understood the tactics of realpolitik. He was a master of painting himself into a comer and waiting for someone to rescue him. In this situation, with the help of the Russians, he created a real threat of war. It was not a bluff.3 Eventually Washington decided that the only way to avoid a Dutch / Indonesian war on a seemingly irrelevant issue was to persuade the Dutch to accept a compromise involving a transfer of sovereignty to Indonesia, linked to some form of self-determination. As one US official wrote in February 1962: I can’t blame Dutch for doubting that Indos have any intention of allowing genuine plebiscite five years or so from now. But the important thing is that some such Indo promise is the essential face-saving device Dutch have been seeking. We must get them to take it as best they can expect.4 Eventually, The Hague was persuaded to accept such a solution and on August 15, 1962, they signed the New York Agreement with Jakarta.5 In what was in effect a face saving measure for the Dutch, the territory was not directly transferred to Indonesia. Instead, under the Agreement, a temporary UN administration (UNTEA, United Nations Temporary Executive Authority) was established to run the territory for a minimum of seven months. There was no maximum limit set, but in fact the UN withdrew on May 1, 1963 as soon as the minimum period had been completed. At no point in the negotiations or the decision-making process were any West Papuans involved.6 Under the terms of the 1962 New York Agreement, this temporary UN administration was only the first part of a process that would ultimately lead to the Papuan people of West New Guinea exercising their right to self determination. Situation in 1968 In August 1968, a UN team returned to the territory, now renamed West Irian Led by the Bolivian diplomat Fernando Ortiz Sanz, its responsibility under the Agreement was to “assist, advise and participate” in the act of self-determination planned for the following year. By the time Ortiz Sanz’s UN team arrived, the territory had already experienced years of Indonesian rule and was facing serious economic and political problems. Peter Hastings, one of only two Australian journalists to be allowed to visit since 1963, gave a damning assessment, despite his support for continued Indonesia control: The simple fact is that, since the Dutch departure, the Indonesian Government has done little or nothing until this year to develop the country or to give the Papuans any substantial economic development projects or any real degree of political participation. Papuan feeling is running high.7 British Embassy communications from Jakarta reported that they were briefed by a US Consular official, Reynders, who also visited the territory in early 1968. Following his return to Jakarta at the end of March, Reynders reported that Indonesia simply did not have the economic resources necessary for the proper development of West Irian. Commenting on the enormity of the problem he wrote, “The sort of sum required for a proper development of the country is, and will remain, completely beyond Indonesia’s means.”8 He also believed that Indonesia did not have the economic or military resources necessary to deal with the security threat posed by “Free Papua” rebels of the OPM (Organisasi Papua Merdeka, Free Papua Movement): The Indonesians have tried everything from bombing them with B 26s, to shelling and mortaring them, but a continuous state of semi rebellion persists. Brutalities are undoubtedly perpetrated from time to time in a fruitless attempt at repression.9 Even the Indonesians admitted privately that the situation in West Irian was grave. In May 1968, an Indonesian Ministerial delegation led by the Sultan of Yogyakarta made a visit to assess the situation. On their return to Jakarta, the delegation briefed the press on their success in dealing with the various problems that they had identified in the territory. In reality, they were shocked at what they had seen. A British Embassy cablegram in July informed London that: … the visit was chiefly significant in providing members of the Cabinet with a first hand account of the immensity of the economic problems and a demonstration of the unpopularity of the military and civil authorities which rule the territory.10 Strength of Indonesia’s Position The New York Agreement referred to an opportunity to “exercise freedom of choice,”and of consultations with “representative councils” on procedures and methods to be adopted for “ascertaining the freely expressed will of the population.” At no point were the critical words “referendum” or “plebiscite” mentioned.11 Nonetheless, Article XVII of the Agreement states that all adults from the territory were eligible to participate in the act of self determination, “to be carried out in accordance with international practice.” Although no definition of what this meant was given, the phrase is of central importance when considering whether or not the terms of the agreement were ever legitimately fulfilled. Suharto was prepared to take full advantage of the deliberately vague terminology in the Agreement. He was also aware that, with the possible exception of China,12 no major power had any interest in opposing their position on West Irian. Since the signing of the Agreement in 1962, Washington had shown little interest in the issue and apparently rebuffed suggestions by both the Dutch and the Australians that they should “concern themselves rather more closely” in issues having to do with the Act.13 Further evidence of this US position was given by Edward D. Masters, at the US State Department. In a conversation with a British diplomat in June 1969, he commented that Washington saw little merit in getting involved in the “niceties of ascertainment,” which might lose them good will in Jakarta to no advantage. He then added “the State Department were themselves faced by some criticism from the Senate but it was unlikely to amount to very much.”14 Despite Suharto’s violent suppression of the Indonesian Communists, the Soviets were mainly uninterested in criticizing Jakarta for its dealings with the territory, particularly as they had been Indonesia’s key ally in its campaign for West Irian. There was some condemnation in Soviet publications of Suharto “cheating the Papuans who long for genuine independence”,15 but as one British official, David F. B. Le Breton, remarked: … there are signs that the Communist [states] would like to mend their fences with [Jakarta] and for that reason they may prefer not to do anything which would worsen their relations with Indonesia at the present time.16 Another British official, I. J. M. Sutherland, commented in April 1968: The strength of the Indonesian position lies in the fact that … they must know that, even if there are protests about the way they go through the motions of consultation, no other power is likely to conceive it as being in their interests to intervene. . . . I understand that the exiles may find support in the Australian press. But I cannot imagine the US, Japanese, Dutch, or Australian Governments putting at risk their economic and political relations with Indonesia on a matter of principle involving a relatively small number of very primitive peoples.17 Three months later these sentiments were echoed in a British Foreign Office communication: The plain fact is that there is no other solution than for Indonesia to keep West Irian; no one is thinking in different terms; and no Government is likely to complain so long as the decencies are carried out.18 Significantly, this attitude was shared by the Australian Government, the only Western power with any remaining direct interest in the issue (Australian New Guinea shared a border with West Irian). In late May 1968, a British diplomat, Donald Murray, reported that from Australia’s point of view, the more quietly the act of self determination passes off next year the better.”19 Under the terms of the Agreement, a number of UN experts were to have remained in the territory following the Indonesian takeover to “advise and assist the authorities in general preparations for the eventual act of self determination. These experts, with several years experience in the territory, would have been an invaluable asset to Ortiz Sanz on his arrival. Unfortunately for him, this part of the Agreement was never fulfilled and it was a point that he was to comment on in his report to the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) in November 1969.20 The reason for this was that Jakarta did not respond to Secretary General U Thant’s initial proposals for their deployment, and he in turn reportedly “did not intend to make too much of it.”21 Ortiz Sanz’s Arrival On August 23, Ortiz Sanz arrived in West Irian and embarked upon a ten day, three thousand mile tour of the territory by air. Accompanying him throughout was a team of eight Indonesian officials led by Sudjarwo Tjondronegoro, Jakarta’s representative for West Irian affairs. On his return, Ortiz Sanz wrote a report for Secretary General U Thant in which he praised the work of his Indonesian hosts: the Government, must be given credit for progress in elementary education, the process of assimilation through use of a common language [Indonesian], school integration and apparent efforts at fraternisation.22 He also added: We know in advance that the principle of “one man one vote” cannot be applied in all areas of the territory, both on account of the terrain and the lack of sophistication of vast segments of the population…. We also know that the Indonesian Government, which seems not to be very sure about the results of the consultation, will try, by all means at its disposal, to reduce the number of individuals, representatives, and institutions to be consulted.23 To counter this predictable move by Indonesia, Ortiz Sanz promised that he would endeavor to enlarge the number of Papuans engaged in deciding the issue so that, in his words, the UN could prove that they did indeed try “to provide as democratic a basis as was possible to ascertain the real will of the population.”24 Although Ortiz Sanz spent very little time in the territory during 1968, the Indonesians were still uncomfortable about his presence. In December, they complained to his superiors in New York that he had become a focus of attention to the Papuans and was causing a “certain excitement” which was obstructing the “smooth running” of the territory. It is true that, despite being constantly accompanied by Indonesian officials, Ortiz Sanz was approached by at least twenty six Papuans who managed to pass him petitions and letters, most of which condemned Indonesia and called for a genuine referendum in the territory. Importantly, Jakarta also objected to the UN’s intention to send up to fifty staff to West Irian. This number was later reduced to twenty five, but in the end only sixteen UN staff members were employed, and these included administrative personnel. Looking back, it seems incredible that the UN agreed to limit the number of its officials to such a small, token figure. By way of comparison, the UN mission to organize and monitor the August 1999 referendum in East Timor totaled upwards of one thousand individuals, including several hundred police and hundreds of electoral officials. While Ortiz Sanz’s team had the more limited responsibility of “advising, assisting and participating” in the Act of Self Determination, it operated in a territory many times the size of East Timor. Both territories were engaged in an act of self-determination, but the comparison demonstrates the immense difference between a genuine attempt to monitor a democratic referendum and one that was not genuine. In his initial discussions about the method to be used for the Act, Ortiz Sanz told the Indonesians that while officially he could only suggest the universally accepted system of “one man one vote,” he was quite prepared to agree to a “mixed” system. By this he meant that the electorate in certain urban areas would be allowed to vote directly, while people in the rural areas would rely on some form of “collective consultation.” On this issue he asked Jakarta to at least “meet him half way,” because, he declared, it would be the minimum requirement to satisfy world public opinion.25 It is not surprising that Indonesia ignored his suggestion, since there is evidence senior Dutch and UN officials had already agreed with Jakarta as early as 1963 to a method for self determination which, did not involve any direct voting by the population. In May 1963, Australia’s Washington Embassy forwarded information to Canberra which it had received from the Americans: The Dutch and Indonesians have apparently been sounding each other out on the question of the form of the self determination exercise. The Dutch apparently are prepared to agree to the exercise taking some form other than a plebiscite…. Narasimhan’s [U Thant’s Indian chef de cabinet] view is that the Act might take the form of consultation with local councils and village representatives.26 A year later, Jose Rolz Bennett, the Guatemalan Under Secretary General for Special Political Affairs, made a similar suggestion to the Indonesians during a visit to West Irian and Indonesia.27 On the issue of political freedoms, Indonesia was specifically obligated under Article XX of the Agreement to “guarantee fully the rights, including the rights of free speech, freedom of movement and of assembly, of the inhabitants of the area.” Commenting upon this, Ortiz Sanz warned Jakarta that without these rights and freedoms, the international community would not be satisfied that a “fair and truly democratic judgment had been made by the Papuans.”28 At the same time however, he assured Sudjarwo that Indonesia “has the absolute right to take all the measures it deems necessary to maintain internal order.”29 In fact, under the Agreement Indonesia did not have the absolute right to do as it chose, if, by its actions, it undermined the rights and freedoms of the Papuans. In reply, Sudjarwo thanked Ortiz Sanz for not questioning Indonesia’s security measures, adding that economic difficulties encouraged agitation and “Many simple minded people get easily affected by this kind of cheap propaganda and incitement. “30 Whether or not nationalism is an incorrect term to apply to the political aspirations of a predominantly traditional tribal society like West Irian, reports by various foreign visitors are consistent in their conclusions that the overwhelming majority of Papuans did not want to be ruled by Jakarta. In one example, a British journalist, Garth Alexander, visited the territory in early 1968 and briefed British officials on his return: Probably the most striking feature of Alexander’s report was the further confirmation of what we have been told before that the majority of the West Irianese … are very far from wishing to become integrated with the Republic of Indonesia. Of all the people he spoke to, and he met between three hundred and four hundred, none was in favour of such a solution. The impression he has is that the Papuans loathe the Indonesians, perhaps in the same degree and as a direct consequence of the way in which the Indonesians have despised and belittled the Papuans.31 A second example is contained in a July 1969 report by Jack W. Lydman of the US Embassy, who cited members of Ortiz Sanz’s UN team who had privately conceded that 95 percent of the Papuans supported the independence movement.32 At the end of 1968, Ortiz Sanz and a handful of his team members went on a second tour of West Irian lasting just over three weeks. On returning to Jakarta, he reported to his superiors that they had been followed everywhere by Indonesian officials, and as a consequence, had found it very difficult to have any free contact with the local population. Despite this, he was aware of anti Indonesian feelings, but his report shows that he wished to ignore Papuan opposition to Indonesia’s rule insofar as that was possible. Of course, when the moment arrives, it would be very difficult, indeed, to assess the real importance of such anti Indonesian sentiment since, as you are very well aware, only a very insignificant percentage of the population is capable of or has interest in engaging in any political actions or even thoughts.33 Concluding his report, he added: The tour has confirmed my initial impressions … that the implementation of the provisions of the New York Agreement relating to self determination “in accordance with international practice” is, indeed, impossible.34 In reply, Under Secretary General Rolz Bennett agreed and wrote that “the lack of development of the population, stood out all too clearly.”35 This willingness by the UN Secretariat to abandon the minimum safeguards contained in the Agreement was characteristic of its attitude towards the issue throughout its involvement with West Irian. In effect Washington had given the UN the awkward task of providing a veneer of respectability for what was simply the transfer of control of West Irian from one foreign power to another. As Terrence Markin comments: The Americans, who had repeatedly assured the Netherlands [before the settlement] . . . that they would “stand accountable to our principles” by insisting on a self determination process that was “a reality and not a mockery,” began shortly after the signing [of the New York Agreement] to argue that the responsibility for ensuring a fair exercise really lay with the UN and the Netherlands. Around the same time the Dutch were losing much of their will to press this issue…. And with neither the US nor the Netherlands pressing the issue, the UN had little incentive to do much.36 1969. Indonesia Rejects the “Mixed Method” The beginning of 1969 was marked by the surrender of the Mandatjan brothers, rebel leaders from the far west of the country who had been fighting the Indonesians for the past two years. By mid January, however, rebellion in the area erupted again as around two thousand Arfak tribesmen rose up under the new leadership of Frits Awom. In response, Jakarta was forced to transfer two additional infantry battalions to the region from South Sulawesi.37 Meanwhile, at a meeting in New York in late January, Sudjarwo informed the Secretary General that Jakarta had rejected Ortiz Sanz’s plan to adopt a “mixed system” for the Act.38 However, the UN Secretariat’s apparent prior agreement with Jakarta in 1963 to dispense with any direct voting suggests the plan might simply have been a public gesture to demonstrate UN efforts to ensure some democratic involvement in the Act. An alternative possibility is, that Ortiz Sanz was not fully briefed by the Secretariat and was not aware of its previous discussions with Jakarta. In this case his effort to introduce genuine Papuan participation might have been undertaken without proper consultation with U Thant. Evidence of this comes from an Indonesian newspaper in July 1969 which claimed that Sudjarwo had been angered to discover that the “mixed method” was Ortiz Sanz’s idea and had not originated in New York.39 This scenario would support the position of those who argue that Ortiz Sanz was more a victim of maneuverings in New York and Jakarta, rather than a cynical participant. As Sir Patrick Shaw, the Australian Ambassador to the UN, commented in April 1968 after meeting him, “Ortiz Sanz is a man of goodwill and integrity but I am not sure that he has much conception of the sort of environment in which he will find himself working in West Irian.”40 In meetings held between Ortiz Sanz and the Indonesians during February, Sudjarwo outlined the method which the authorities had decided to adopt. Their chosen option was to enlarge the eight regional councils, already existing in the territory, and create special Assemblies which would then each reach a collective decision on whether or not to remain with Indonesia.41 These existing regional councils had been set up by Jakarta when it took over in 1963, and their members were appointed by the authorities. Ortiz Sanz could do little but request that he be given information about all existing councilors to help him determine to what extent they truly represented the population. Sudjarwo agreed, but nothing was ever handed over.42 Soon afterwards, Sudjarwo gave Ortiz Sanz further information on the selection process to be used to appoint additional members for the planned assemblies. One group would be chosen by existing approved political, social, and cultural organizations. A second group would consist of “traditional” tribal chiefs selected by the existing council members, and a third group was to be elected by the people themselves.43 As a result of this, the only potential opportunity for genuine popular participation lay in the election of the third group. In practice however, this method of choosing additional members meant that the Indonesian authorities and the existing Indonesian appointed councils had tight control of the whole selection process for the final “consultative assemblies.” As Ortiz Sanz wrote in his final report, Sudjarwo had informed him, “Those few people -possibly existing not in favour of retaining ties with the Republic of Indonesia, are … not organised in legally existing political groups or parties in West Irian”.44 To justify this proposed method for determining the Papuan’s response to Indonesian rule, Jakarta consistently claimed that the vast majority of the Papuan population were in favor of staying with Indonesia and did not want the Act to take place. In their General Assembly report they wrote that this view was based upon hundreds of supporting statements which they had received from Papuans.45 In private however, Sudjarwo was unhappy about the number of anti Indonesian petitions which were being sent to Ortiz Sanz and then forwarded on to him. At one point he even complained to the Secretary General that these petitions were beginning to upset the Indonesian army.46 In his final report to the General Assembly, Ortiz Sanz wrote that he had received a total of 179 petitions during his time in the territory, both for and against Indonesia. With regard to the first group -petitions favoring Indonesian sovereignty over West Irian -he said that these came from the regional councils and various officially recognized organizations. They were, he said, written by politically minded and better educated people. At no point in the report did he question whether these were genuine views or simply the result of Indonesian pressure.47 In contrast, he was dismissive of the anti Indonesian petitions, describing them as being often barely intelligible and usually anonymous. More importantly, he asserted in his official report to the General Assembly that over half the petitions he received were pro Indonesian.48 One has to question why he wrote this because it was simply incorrect. In the UN archives in New York, details of 156 of the 179 petitions survive, recording all those received up until April 30, 1969. Of these, ninety five are anti Indonesian, fifty nine are pro, and two are neutral.49 Therefore, even if all the missing twenty three petitions were pro Indonesian, this would mean that over half would still be “anti .” In fact, Ortiz Sanz privately admitted that many of the petitions he received in the final weeks were against Indonesia, so it is reasonable to conclude that in total, at least 60 percent of the petitions delivered to the UN were against Indonesia and in favor of a referendum. It is not realistic to suggest that Ortiz Sanz simply made a mistake, since the descriptions of each petition are clearly typed and the list is easy to add up. Consequently, either Ortiz Sanz himself chose to mislead the UNGA deliberately, or he was told to do so by U Thant. Whoever was responsible, it is a clear illustration of the UN leadership’s collaboration with Indonesia to legitimize the Indonesian takeover of West Irian, at the expense of the Papuans, who thereby lost political rights guaranteed in the Agreement. Political Prisoners and Political Rights Further evidence of this collaboration comes from correspondence between Ortiz Sanz and Sudjarwo on the issue of political prisoners. While Ortiz Sanz acknowledged that the New York Agreement required the release of any political prisoners, he let Jakarta know that he accepted their right to deal differently with those he described as “anti state.” He even went so far as to suggest that it would be better to move such troublesome people out of the territory before the Act was put into effect.50 In March 1969, the Dutch privately urged U Thant to consider sending in a UN expeditionary force to ensure that the vote could take place without intimidation from the Indonesian military.51 The Secretary General, however, contested The Hague’s assertion that such a deployment was permitted by the Agreement and rejected the suggestion. Ortiz Sanz commented, probably correctly, that it was just a Dutch tactic to enable them to claim that they had at least attempted to protect the Papuans.52 Besides, Jakarta would have certainly refused to allow such a deployment. Nonetheless, Ortiz Sanz did continue to apply what little pressure he could on Indonesia to include some democratic content in the Act. On March 18, he issued a press release in which he declared that Indonesia’s chosen method would only be acceptable if it fulfilled three prerequisites: 1. The final consultative assemblies had to have a sufficiently large membership. 2. The assemblies should represent all sectors of the population. 3. The new members of the assemblies should be clearly elected by the people. He ended by stating that Jakarta had given him official assurances that these prerequisites would be complied with.53 Whether this declaration was made widely available to the Papuans is unknown, but if the authorities did not actively cooperate in disseminating the press release, then it is unlikely many Papuans were informed of these prerequisites. Papuan Protest and Continued Indonesian Preparations On April 11, the last of the regional councils met to accept officially Jakarta’s chosen method for the Act, although they loyally reasserted that the whole exercise was an unnecessary distraction and that West Irian would always be Indonesian. On the same day, another group of Papuans gathered outside Ortiz Sanz’s Jayapura residence to call for a genuine referendum. Ortiz Sanz addressed the crowd of several thousand and asked them to disperse, while assuring them that the UN would continue trying to ensure the rights and freedoms to which they were entitled. Immediately afterwards he contacted U Thant to tell him how he had successfully persuaded the Indonesian military not to intervene. He then added: The outcome of this incident has shown for the first time in West Irian the possibility of peaceful democratic demonstrations by the population and evident good will on the part of high ranking Indonesian military commanders. Everything is now quiet. Two months later, however, he was forced to revise this positive report and to inform the Secretary General that at least forty three people had been arrested and detained without his knowledge, following the demonstration.55 Meanwhile, it appeared that the UN’s efforts to influence Indonesia were continuing to fail. In mid April, Ortiz Sanz told Rolz Bennett that Jakarta had decided that new members of the regional Assemblies would simply be suggested by officially appointed ad hoc committees, rather than elected by the people. as previously promised. This was a clear snub to Ortiz Sanz, so soon after his public statement on the importance of elections for the assemblies. In reply, a rather exasperated Rolz Bennett wrote: Our initial reaction is that Indonesia may be going too far particularly by its decision to have the additional representatives suggested which means in fact appointed by an ad hoc committee. Our Indonesian friends should realise, as you have told them so many times, that the method for the act of free choice should not depart, so radically from generally accepted norms of political representation. It is surely not beyond human ingenuity to devise a method whereby the additional representatives would be elected or selected by their respective communities, thus giving an opportunity to the general population to be involved in the act of free choice.56 Unease at the developing situation was increased in mid April when widespread rebellions broke out in the Western Central Highlands. Airstrips were sabotaged and Indonesian officials and military fled the region. On April 23, ninety well armed Papuan policemen mutinied and joined the OPM.57 On April 27, a plane carrying General Sarwo Edhie, the territory’s Indonesian military Commander, was hit by gunfire as it flew over the area. Two passengers, including a police inspector, were wounded. In response, the General ordered planes, including at least one B 26 bomber, to strafe Enarotali, and on April 30, Indonesian paratroopers from West Java were flown in. The Indonesian counter attack resulted in around fourteen thousand people fleeing into the bush while skirmishes with the OPM continued.58 Elsewhere, nationalist demonstrations were held in Arso, Indonesian troops were attacked near Merauke, and on the Bird’s Head peninsula, the Arfak rebellion led by Fritz Awom continued. Ortiz Sanz’s initial reaction to the rebellions was to try and ignore them, and he instructed his staff to refrain from any involvement in the issue. He also informed the press that internal security was a matter for Jakarta and not his business.59 This response was not well received by his superiors, and Rolz Bennett immediately instructed him to obtain full information on the disturbances from Indonesia.60 Under pressure from New York, Ortiz Sanz also made a brief visit to the area. On his return to Jakarta he issued a statement to the press claiming that all was now quiet.61 In fact, he saw little during his inspection tour and sometimes never even went beyond the airstrip. Furthermore, he had actually written his press statement before his trip commenced.62 In private, however, he was sufficiently concerned about the general situation so that in mid May, he requested that U Thant ask to delay the Act by three to four months in order “to provide us with a last opportunity for improving the democratic conditions.”63 But the Secretariat had no enthusiasm for this idea, and Rolz Bennett replied by asking “whether it would in fact be possible to change significantly the conditions in the territory during the period of a suggested postponement.”64 UN Pressure on Indonesia While General Sarwo Edhie suppressed the rebellions, the UN continued to urge Jakarta to moderate its stance on the Act. A UN report in May of a meeting between U Thant and the Indonesian Ambassador states: …. the Secretary General emphasised the importance of electing the additional councilors in a way that would ensure that the new councilors would truly represent the people of their constituencies. This would be the touchstone in the judgment about the fairness and validity of the whole exercise which would be made by member States of the United Nations.65 But by the time U Thant made this plea, Indonesia had already begun appointing the new councilors without informing Ortiz Sanz and his team, who were supposed to be monitoring the whole exercise. It was a further embarrassment to the UN’s representative, especially as the situation was being reported by some of the foreign press. Ortiz Sanz again appealed to Sudjarwo saying: I stress, the importance of a properly implemented Act of Free Choice because I believe Indonesia wishes a final, and not a temporary, solution to the problem of West Irian. The Indonesian Government should take a calculated risk and allow the opposition the opportunity to express its views. This is the moment for the Indonesian authorities to adopt courageous and generous measures.66 Eventually, under pressure from Rolz Bennett, Ortiz Sanz reluctantly wrote to Sudjarwo urging him to re stage some of the elections, so that the UN could be there to monitor the process. To his surprise, Sudjarwo agreed,67 and between June 26 and, July 5, a selection of fresh elections took place in the presence of UN officials and, occasionally, the foreign press. Despite this, by the end, UN officials only actually managed to witness the election of 195 out of the 1,022 Assembly Representatives who eventually took part in the Act. Nonetheless, it was to be the only occasion in which UN pressure on Indonesia had any effect during the entire period, and Ortiz Sanz made much of it in his final General Assembly report. Absent from this report, however, is any description at all of the election meetings themselves, and the reason for this omission becomes clear from reading the accounts given afterwards by the few members of the foreign press present, and by the locals themselves. A typical example was described by the Australian journalist Hugh Lunn, who witnessed one election in Biak which was also attended Ortiz Sanz himself. The election, he said, consisted of a group of Indonesians walking into a silent crowd of Papuans and choosing six men that they themselves had selected. Hugh Lunn then described how Indonesian soldiers arrested three Papuans who displayed placards demanding a plebiscite. One journalist appealed to Ortiz Sanz to intervene, but he simply said that he was there just to observe.68 When one considers the importance attached by the UN to these elections, which were represented as the “touchstone” on which the democratic credentials of the whole Act would be judged, it is hard not to conclude that their efforts were completely unsuccessful. Even in those few elections witnessed by UN observers, it was obvious that genuine democracy had no perceivable part to play in the exercise. With the failure of his final attempt to create an appearance of democracy, Ortiz Sanz was to spend the remainder of his time in the territory collaborating with U Thant and Jakarta in their efforts to conclude the Act with as little controversy as the situation permitted. UN and Indonesian Collaboration The importance attached to this task, and the extent to which it became Ortiz Sanz’s only concern, is well illustrated in a letter which he wrote to Rolz Bennett on June 14. In this letter, Ortiz Sanz revealed that Sudjarwo was “not only concerned, but worried” about two particular points. The first was the attitude of the Netherlands Government towards Indonesia’s chosen method for the Act. The second was the contents of the final report which Ortiz Sanz would submit to the UNGA. With regard to the former, Ortiz Sanz declared: I advised him privately though emphatically that his Government should try to obtain assurances that the Netherlands’ Government would not cast any doubt on, or challenge, the Act of Free Choice. This would prevent a heated debate in the General Assembly. On the subject of his final report, Ortiz Sanz wrote: … as an expression of my continued co operation, I offered to show Sudjarwo, on a personal basis, those parts of the report that might be controversial or create discrepancies with the [Indonesian] report.69 This is a significant letter for two reasons. First of all, it reveals that Indonesia was genuinely concerned at possible international criticism of their intention to deny the Papuans any genuine self determination. More importantly, however, this letter provides unambiguous evidence of Ortiz Sanz’s direct involvement with Jakarta in measures aimed at, minimizing the impact of any international protest at these fundamental breaches of the Agreement. While this level of duplicity and cynicism might be expected from, a State in pursuit of its perceived “national interest,” it is a completely indefensible mode of action for a representative of the Secretary General of the United Nations. However, the Secretary General himself seems to have made similar suggestions to the Indonesians. At a private meeting held in New York on June 20, U Thant informed Sudjarwo that: The Indonesian Government would have to consult very diligently with the Members of the General Assembly for the purpose of preventing the submission of a draft resolution touching on the substance of the West Irian matter.70 In the last weeks before the Act began, Ortiz Sanz told Rolz Bennett that the human rights situation was actually getting worse, despite his constant appeals to Jakarta to show restraint. He even twice asked the Indonesians to arrange for him to meet with President Suharto so that he could express his concerns. But, as he had to concede in his final report, Suharto was too busy to see him.71 The Act of Free Choice On July 14, the Act finally began with a meeting of the 175 “consultative assembly” members for Merauke. In addition to Ortiz Sanz and his team, a large group of senior Indonesian politicians and soldiers were present. Also there were the Ambassadors of Australia, the Netherlands, and Thailand, accompanied by Indonesian journalists, officials, politicians, and a small number of foreign reporters.72 As was the case with all the other meetings, the assembly members had spent several weeks before the day under guard by the authorities and isolated from the rest of the community. Some assembly members claim that they were threatened and bribed by Brigadier General Ali Murtopo, Commander of the Army’s OPSUS (Special Operations Section), during those weeks when they were under guard. Murtopo had been selected by President Suharto to go to West Irian with a team of military students, and teachers in order to mount a “hearts and minds” campaign and “make a success” of the Act. According to the Reverend Hokujoku who was a member for Jayapura, Murtopo warned them that Indonesia was a great military and would not tolerate dissent. If they wanted their own country, he mockingly suggested that they could ask the Americans for a piece of the moon. Hokujoku also described how those Papuans chosen to speak at the meeting were given exact instructions about what to say and were forced by the Indonesians to rehearse their speeches.73 In Merauke and elsewhere, the task of the Assembly members, as decreed by Jakarta, was to come to some form of collective decision using a vaguely defined Indonesian method for reaching consensus, known as musjawarah (consultation / deliberation). What this meant in practice was that a number of senior Indonesian officials addressed the Merauke members telling them that they should, for a variety of reasons, remain with Indonesia. Then, Ortiz Sanz made a brief statement about the importance of their task and reminded them that they were speaking not only for themselves but for all Papuans. “Do not hesitate to speak the truth and be loyal to the wishes of your own people.” Following these speeches, twenty of the Assembly members stood up one after the other and made a series of almost identical statements. They proclaimed that they had considered themselves as part of Indonesia since 1945, they recognized only one country, one constitution, one flag, and one Government, that of Indonesia. After these statements the Chairman, a Government official, told the other 155 assembly members to stand up if they agreed with their colleagues position. All then stood up. The Indonesia Minister of Home Affairs then concluded the proceedings by thanking the members for their decision and pledging that Indonesia would fulfill its responsibility to develop the territory economically and in every other respect. West Irian, he promised, would be given autonomy in organizing, coordinating and carrying out this task.74 The following day, Ortiz Sanz gave a press conference in which he defended the Indonesian musjawarah system as “practical.” He later argued that the option of national independence for West Irian would not be feasible.75 The Sydney Morning Herald published an editorial on July 14 which was fiercely critical of the whole exercise and the behavior of its own Government in Canberra: The last stage in the betrayal of the people of West New Guinea is scheduled to begin today…. No amount of word twisting can change the ugly fact that an unsophisticated island people is being quite deliberately and openly cheated of its right, guaranteed by an international agreement reached under the aegis of the United Nations, to decide its own political future…. Where else in today’s world would the dictum be accepted that a people was too primitive ever to be free?76 Despite such criticism, the next assembly went ahead as planned in Wamena on July 16 with identical results.77 The third assembly meeting took place on July 19 in Nabire in the Western Central Highlands region. According to the journalist Brian May, a recent rebellion had emptied the area of local people to such an extent that the Indonesians had to ship in Papuans from other regions to play the part of Assembly members.78 Even so, another journalist Hugh Lunn, reported that one assembly member managed to contact him to ask whether he could guarantee that there would be no reprisals if one hundred members spoke out against Indonesia at the meeting. Lunn replied that he could not give such a pledge. Another member then slipped him a note to say that the assembly had all been bribed. At the same time, a third member attempted to pass a note to the UN team, but according to Lunn, they refused to accept it.79 Despite all this, Ortiz Sanz’s official report made no mention of the rebellion or allegations of bribery.80 The same day, Jakarta declared that the results so far meant that West Irian had already chosen to stay with Indonesia. The remaining meetings would therefore be nothing more than a confirmation of this result.81 The next two meetings in Fak Fak and Sorong also followed the same format as the others, with the same speeches and the same pledges love and loyalty to Jakarta delivered by the handful of Papuans selected to speak. In Manokwari, while the assembly voted, Papuan youths outside the meeting room chanted ” alone, alone.” In response, armed Indonesians threw them into the backs of lorries and drove them away. At one point, Hugh Lunn the only foreign journalist present, was threatened with a gun by an Indonesian while he took photos of the demonstration. He then ran inside to inform Ortiz Sanz, but Ortiz Sanz refused to intervene.82 On July 31, the Biak meeting followed the same pattern. Meanwhile scores of Papuans on the island were in detention, having been arrested shortly before as a precaution by the authorities in case they disrupted the event.83 On August 2, with food, drink and singing laid on, the final Assembly meeting took place in Jayapura.84 To celebrate, various Indonesian military officers and officials were then paraded shoulder high by groups of Papuans, in what could be described as a rather tasteless theatrical display of pre rehearsed jubilation.85 With the final part of the Act’s implementation complete, Jakarta solemnly announced that the legal and final result, in accordance with the New York Agreement, was that all the Papuans had elected to remain with Indonesia. On July 17,1969, a British diplomat with the UK Mission to the UN in New York summed up international opinion. He conceded that some African countries were unhappy about the Act, but concluded: Our strong impression is that the great majority of UN members want to see this question cleared out of the way with the minimum of fuss as soon as possible … The Arabs and the other Moslem states would certainly support Indonesia strongly. There is, moreover, general recognition, even, according to the Dutch, on the part of the moralistic Scandinavians, that there is no alternative to Indonesian rule. Finally the Secretariat, whose influence could be important, appear only too anxious to get shot of the problem as quickly and smoothly as possible.86 Three months later, in November 1969, Ortiz Sanz’s final report was presented to the UNGA. In his conclusions, he expressed concern that the political freedoms guaranteed by the Act had not been fulfilled. He also conceded that “certain elements” of the population favored independence. Nonetheless he declared that, “with the Guam limitations; imposed by the geographical characteristics of the territory and the general situation in the area, an act of free choice has taken place in West Irian in accordance with Indonesian practice, in which the representatives of the population have expressed their wish to remain with Indonesia.”87 Technically this was an accurate statement, if by “Indonesian practice” he meant an exercise totally devoid of any genuine democratic content. But the New York Agreement Specified that Papuan self determination had to be carried out in accordance with “international practice.” Ghana, and several other African countries at the November meeting, condemned the exercise for being undemocratic. They also called for a proper act of self determination to be held in the territory in 1975, on the grounds that the Agreement had not been properly fulfilled. However this amendment to the main resolution on Irian was defeated by sixty votes to fifteen, with thirty nine abstentions. In the end, the General Assembly voted by eighty four votes to none, with thirty abstentions, to simply “take note” of the Secretary General’s report, and the reports of and Ortiz Sanz.88 Whether the Papuans should have had the right to independence is an issue with arguments for and against. As Henderson noted in 1973, many newly independent states contain minorities which might have aspirations to independence themselves. But if such separatism were encouraged it could: … set in train the dissolution of innumerable ethnically complex states whose main claim to unity derives from the colonial mandate. The consequences of this for the stability of the international system could be incalculable.89 On the other hand, Mullerson, writing on multi ethnic states, comments: when minorities are discriminated against or their identity is threatened by majority policy … the minority is not participating together with the rest of the population in the ever continuing and ongoing process of self determination…. This means that the minority can realize its right to self determination not in the society as a whole, together with the rest of the population, but only separately.90 Finally in response to an inquiry by U Thant on the legal aspects of the Papuans’ right to self determination, the UN’s legal adviser replied in June 1962: … since President Wilson enunciated the principle of self determination in 1918, there appears to emerge a strong presumption in favour of self determination in situations such as that of Western New Guinea on the basis of the wishes of the peoples of the territory concerned, irrespective of the legal stands or interests of other parties to the question. While other factors may also be taken into account, there seems to be a growing practice of recognising that the wishes of the local population should be paramount.91 The purpose of this paper, though, was not to discuss the legitimacy of Papuan self determination because this right had already been explicitly acknowledged by the Netherlands and Indonesia when they signed the 1962 Agreement. Furthermore, by agreeing to participate in the implementation of this Agreement, the UN Secretariat undertook a responsibility to ensure that it was properly fulfilled. Instead, my intention has been to determine first of all whether the Agreement was properly implemented and second to assess the UN’s role in its implementation. I would contend that the first part of this does not require an in depth study of the subject to arrive at an accurate conclusion. A brief examination of the official November 1969 report is all that is needed to conclude that the Agreement was not fulfilled. Under its terms, the Netherlands Indonesia and the UN had an obligation to protect the political rights and freedoms of the Papuans, and to ensure that an act of self determination took place, in accordance with international practice. On both these points, the three parties failed, and they did so deliberately since genuine Papuan self determination was never seen as an option by any of them once the Agreement was signed. On the UN’s part in the Agreement’s implementation, it is clear that the Secretariat’s priority throughout was to ensure that West New Guinea became a recognized part of Indonesia with the minimum of controversy and disruption. This was the role assigned to the organization by the Americans in 1962, and U Thant saw no reason not to comply. It was Cold War politics, and the rights of the Papuans counted for nothing. Indeed it would have been extraordinary if things had turned out otherwise. To fulfill its task, the UN Secretariat tolerated Indonesian interference and intimidation of the population during the temporary UN administration of the territory. Shortly afterwards, it collaborated with the Dutch and Indonesians in agreeing privately to abandon the use of any direct voting system for Papuan self-determination. In the year leading up to the Act, the Secretariat’s objective was to minimize the potential for international criticism by ensuring the appearance of a sufficient level of genuine Papuan participation, while obtaining the desired result. To achieve this they made a number of suggestions to Jakarta. Ortiz Sanz’s “mixed method” was one example (as previously mentioned, there is some uncertainty as to The plan’s origin; it may or may not have been originally devised by Ortiz Sanz). Another was their attempt to make sure that some Papuans participated in the process of selecting additional representatives for the final assemblies. Both U Thant and Ortiz Sanz emphasized privately and publicly their concern that there be some democratic dimension to these selections. In the Secretary General’s final report, much was made of Jakarta’s agreement to hold fresh elections in a few of the many areas where no UN officials had been present. In reality, though, this was nothing more than token gesture, and one can conclude that there was no genuine participation by the people in these selection processes. In the end, the unanimous decision by 1,022 to remain with Indonesia made a mockery of the UN’s endeavors, despite an apparent final effort by Rolz Bennett who, according to Markin, had confidentially urged Jakarta to record some negative votes, “to give the outcome the appearance of legitimacy.”92 One can argue however that the lack of international interest in the Act made their failure largely irrelevant at the time. With the realization that Indonesia was going to ignore their recommendations on this issue, the UN chose to cooperate with Jakarta in its efforts to stifle any international criticism of the way the referendum in West Irian had been handled. In this effort they were assisted by other states including the Netherlands, Australia, the UK. These countries all privately lobbied other countries, particularly in which seemed most likely to condemn the result. Furthermore, Ortiz Sanz stated in his report to the UNGA that the majority of petitions he received from Papuans were pro-Indonesian; he made this assertion despite the fact that he must have known it to be false. In the end, one can say that Ortiz Sanz’s task was a thankless one, since he was condemned by the Indonesian press as a Papuan sympathizer, and criticized by a number of Western diplomats for his timidity in defending the Papuans. To this day however, he maintains that the method adopted was the most democratic possible under the circumstances and that the final result was “wise and sensible.”93 To conclude, the UN was an active participant in the systematic undermining of the New York Agreement, but its actions were initiated and supported by Washington, Jakarta, and the Hague. In acting as they did, U Thant and the UN Secretariat allowed the UN to involve itself in a dishonest process which deliberately denied the Papuans political and human rights. On December 10, 1999, Dutch Foreign Minister Van Aartson announced that he would initiate a historical re examination of the circumstances surrounding the Act. Van Middelkoop, the MP who was behind the proposal replied “….finally we can look the Papuans straight in the eyes.”94 It remains to be seen whether the UN will agree to join the Dutch in returning again to this particular episode from its past. 1Memo of a conversation in Washington between William Lacy (Assistant Chief of Staff Southeast Asian Affairs), Jacob Beam (American Consul General designate at Batavia), and Soedjatmoko (representative of the Indonesian Republic), September 14, 1949, in US Foreign Relations 1949, vol. VII, Indonesia (Washington, DO Department of State Printing Office). 2John Reinhardt, Foreign Policy and National Integration: The Case of Indonesia. Monograph Series no. 17, (New Haven: Yale University South East Asian Studies, 1971), p. 67. 3Howard P. Jones, Indonesia the Possible Dream (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1971), p. 203. 4Robert Komer, National Security Council Staff to C. Kaysen, presidential assistant for National Security Affairs, February 2, 1962, in US Foreign Relations 1961 1963, ed, Ed. Keefer, vol. XXIII, Southeast Asia (Washington, DC: Dept. of State Printing Office, 1994), p. 512. 5For a detailed analysis of US involvement in the Dutch/Indonesian negotiations of 1962, see Terrence Markin, ‘The West New Guinea Dispute. How the Kennedy Administration Resolved that ‘Other’ Southeast Asian Conflict” (PhD dissertation, Johns Hopkins University, 1966). 6For a brief description of the UN administration of west New Guinea (UNTEA) October 1, 1962 to May 1, 1963, see John Saltford, “Subjects of the Secretary-General West New Guinea 1962 t0 1963,” Pacific Islands Monthly (Fiji, January 2000): 48-49. 7Peter Hastings, “West Irian. A Ticking Time Bomb,” in Australian, August 5,1968. 8Report of a conversation between Reynders, US Embassy, Jakarta, and Ian Morgan, British Embassy, Jakarta, April 9, 1968. Public Record Office (hereafter PRO) UK. FCO 15/162. DH1/7. 10J. M. Sutherland, British Embassy, Jakarta, to Donald Murray, Foreign Office Southeast Asian Department (SEAD), July 2,1968. PRO: FCO 15/189 DH1/7. 11New York Agreement, August 15, 1962, Article XVIII 12US Jakarta consular official Reynders believed that the Free Papua Movement (OPM) could probably get arms from Communist China if necessary. Quoted in Morgan, April 9, 1968. PRO FCO 15/162; Peter Hastings referred to the belief by many Indonesian officials that the OPM was funded by China which he thought feasible. “The Money and Strength behind the Militant Groups” Australian, August 6,1968. 13Information given by La Porta, First Secretary US Embassy, Jakarta, to Alan Mason, British Embassy, Jakarta. Contained in a letter from mason to David F. B. Le Breton, South West Pacific Department (SWPD) of the British Foreign Office, June 10, 1969. PRO: FCO 24/448 (FWD 1/4). 14 P. R. Spendlove, British Embassy, Washington, to K. Hamylon Jones, SEAD Foreign Office, June 3,1969. PRO: FCO, 24/448. 15 V. Kremenyuk, “Referendum in West Irian,” International Affairs (Moscow, January 1969): 93. Quoted in Van der Kroef, “Indonesia and West New Guinea,” Orbis (Quarterly Journal of World Affairs. Foreign Policy Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA) XIV,2 Summer 1970): 386 16 D. F. B. Le Breton to Richard Neilson, British High Commission, Canberra, July 17, 1969. PRO: FCO 24/448; Sir Patrick Shaw, Australian Ambassador to the UN, New York, to Department of External Relations, Canberra, September 4, 1969. National Archives of Australia, Canberra (hereafter NAA). Extracts of early release documents kindly given to author by Anthony Balmain, SBS Television, Australia. 17 1. J. M. Sutherland to D. Murray, ‘Foreign Office Southeast Asian Department, April 30,1968. PRO: FCO 15/162 DH1/7. 18 D. Murray, Foreign Office Southeast Asian Department, July 26, 1968. PRO: FCO N/162 DH1/7. 19 D. J. Wyatt, British High Commission, Canberra, to D. Murray, Foreign Office Southeast Asian Department, May 25, 1968. PRO: FCO 15/162 DH1/7. 20 United Nations General Assembly Official Records. Agenda Item 98, Annexes, 24 Session; “Agreement Between the Republic of Indonesia and the Kingdom of the Netherlands concerning West New Guinea (West Irian)”: Report by the Secretary General regarding the Act of Self Determination in West Irian. Document 7723 (November 6,1969), Annex I, report by the Representative of the Secretary General in West Irian, paragraph 11. 21Memo from D. Hay, Australian Mission to the UN, to Department External Affairs, June 18,1964. NAA: A1838/280, 3036/6/1 pt. 83. 22Oritz Sanz to U Thant, September 7,1968. UN Archives, New York (hereafter UN), Series 100, Box 1, File 3. 25Ortiz Sanz to Indonesian Ambassador Sudjarwo Tjondronegoro, November 21,1968. UN: Series 100, Box 1, File 5. 26Australian Embassy, Washington, to Department of External Affairs, May 21,1963. NAA: A1838/280, 3036/6/1 pt. 83. 27Australian Embassy, Jakarta, to Department of External Affairs, June 12,1964; Memo from Australian Mission to the UN to Department of External Affairs, June 16,1964. NAA: A1838/280, 3036/6/1 pt. 83. 28United Nations General Assembly Official Records. Agenda Item 98, Annexes, 24 Session; “Agreement Between the Republic of Indonesia and the Kingdom of the Netherlands concerning West New Guinea (West Irian)”: Report by the Secretary General regarding the Act of Self Determination in West Irian. Document A/7723 (November 6,1969), Annex I report by the Representative of the Secretary General in West Irian, paragraph 57. 29Ortiz Sanz to Indonesian Ambassador Sudjarwo Tjondronegoro, November 21, 1968. UN: Series 100, Box 1, File 5. 30Indonesian Ambassador Sudjarwo Tjondronegoro to Ortiz Sanz, November 21, 1968. UN: Series 100, Box 1, File 4. 31Mason to D. F. B. Le Breton, April 3, 1969. PRO: FCO 24/447, 32Summary of Jack W. Lydman’s report, July 18, 1969 in NAA. Extracts given to author by Anthony Balmain. 33Ortiz Sanz to Rolz Bennett, December 18,1968. UN: Series 100, Box 1, File 3. 35Rolz Bennett to Ortiz Sanz, January 2, 1969. UN: Series 100, Box 1, File 3. 36Terrence Markin, The West New Guinea Dispute, pp. 479 480. 37Brian May, The Indonesian Tragedy (Boston: Routledge, and London: Keegan Paul Henry, 1978) p. 171; J. Van der Kroef, “Indonesia and West New Guinea: The New Dimensions of Conflict,” Orbis XIV, 2 (Summer 1970): 387. 38Rolz Bennett to Ortiz Sanz, January 30, 1969. UN: Series 100, Box 1, File 3. 39Quoted in a letter from I. J. M. Sutherland, British Embassy, Jakarta, to D. Aiers, SWPD Foreign Office. PRO: FCO 24/449 (FWD 1/4). 40Sir Patrick Shaw to Department of External Affairs, April 8, 1968. NAA: A452 T29, 68/2581. 41Decree of the Minister of Home Affairs, Chairman of the West Irian sector No. 31, 1969, on the establishment of the Consultative Assembly for the “Act of Free Choice”: Regency Merauke. UN: Series 100, Box 1, File 4. 42Ortiz Sanz to Rolz Bennett, February 14, 1969. UN: Series 100, Box 1, File 4; Interview with Ortiz Sanz by Dutch Journalist Stephane Alonso Casale, December 15,1999. Extracts kindly given to author by Casale. See also articles by Casale in NRC Handelsblad (Dutch national newspaper), March 4, 2000. 43Sudjarwo to Ortiz Sanz, February 18, 1969. UN: Series 100, Box 1, File 5. 44UNGA Official Records MM ex 1, para. 126. 45Ibid., Annex 2, para. 24. 46Rolz Bennett Note for the record of the meeting between himself, U Thant, Sudjarwo, and Indonesian Ambassador Abdulgani in New MM York, January 23,1969. UN DAG 1/223:9. 47UNGA Official Records, 1, para. 141. 48Ibid., paragraphs 142 and 145. 49Six lists of summaries of political communications from unidentified Papuans to Ortiz Sanz, August 1968 to April 1969 UN: Series 100, Box 1, File 5. 50Ortiz Sanz to Rolz Bennett, February 14, 1969, UN: Series 100, Box 1, File 4. 51Rolz Bennett to Ortiz Sanz (cable No. 125), March 18,1969. UN: Series 100, Box 1. 52Ortiz Sanz to Rolz Bennett (cable No. UNWRI SKU 22), March 29,1969. UN: Series 100, Box 1. 53Draft of UN press release, March 18,1969. UN: DAG 1/ 2.2.3: 9. 54Ortiz Sanz to Rolz Bennett (cable No. UNRWI SKU 24), April 12,1969. UN: DAG 1/ 2.2.3:9. 55Ortiz Sanz to Rolz Bennett, June 14, 1969. UN: Series 100, Box 1, File 4. 56Rolz Bennett to Ortiz Sanz, April 17, 1969. UN: Series 100, Box 1, File 2. 57Robin Osborne, Indonesia’s Secret War (Sydney, Australia: Allen & Unwin, 1985), p. 42. 58Brian May, The Indonesian Tragedy, p. 173; Carmel Budiardjo and Liem Soei Liong, West Papua: The Obliteration of a People (London: Tapol, 1985), p. 21. May specifically states that a Captain Harsono flying a B 26 Bomber (No. B267) had strafed the town of Enarotali. 59Ortiz Sanz to Rolz Bennett (cable No. UNRWI JKT 51), May 8, 1969. UN: DAG 1/ 2.23:9. 60Rolz Bennett to Ortiz Sanz (cable No. 244), May 7,1969. PIZ DAG 1/ 2.2.3: 9. 61UNGA Official Records, Annex 1, para. 157. 62Ortiz Sanz to Rolz Bennett (cable No. UNRWI JKT 55), May 12, 1969. UN: Series 100, Box 1, File 1. 64Rolz Bennett to Ortiz Sanz (cable No. 258), May 16, 1969. UN: DAG 1/2.2.3: 9. 65Rolz Bennett to Ortiz Sanz (cable No. 250), May 9, 1969. UN: DAG 1/ 2.2.3: 9. 66Ortiz Sanz to Sudjarwo, May 27,1969. UN: Series 100, Box 1, File 5. 67Sudjarwo to Ortiz Sanz, June 14, 1969. UN: Series 100, Box 1, File 5. 68Hugh Lunn, Australian, August 21,1999. 69Ortiz Sanz to Rolz Bennett, June 14, 1969. UN: Series 100, Box 1, File 4. 70Rolz Bennett to Ortiz Sanz (cable No. 337), June 21, 1969. UN: Series 100, Box 1. 71UNGA Official Records, Annex 1, para. 182. 72Ibid., Annex 1, paragraphs 189 200. 73Reverend Origenes Hokujoku quoted in Algemeen Dagblad (Netherlands), December 12,1988. 74UNGA Official Records, Annex 1, paragraphs 189 200. 75Australian Journal of Politics and History, vol. XVI (July to December 1969): 9. 76Sydney Morning Herald, editorial, July 14, 1969. 77UNGA Official Records, Annex 1, paragraphs 201 207. 78Brian May, The Indonesian Tragedy, p. 192. 79Hugh Lunn, Australian, August 21,1999. 80UNGA Official Records, Annex 1, paragraphs 208 213. 81Brian May, The Indonesian Tragedy, p. 192. 82Hugh Lunn, Australian, August 21,1999. 83UNGA Official Records, Annex 1, paragraphs 214 238. 84Ibid., paragraphs 329 244. 85Brian May, The Indonesian Tragedy, p. 193. 86D. Parson, UK Mission to the UN, to D. F. B. Le Breton, July 17, 1969. PRO: FCO 24/449, (FWD 1/4). 87UNGA Official Records, Annex 1, para. 253. 88United Nations Official Records: 1812th Plenary Meeting of the UN General Assembly, agenda item 98. A/L576. November 19, 1969. 89William Henderson, West New Guinea, the Dispute and its Settlement (South Orange, NJ: Seton Hall University Press, 1973), p. 252. 90Rein Mullerson, International Law, Rights and Politics (London. Routledge, 1994), pp. 77 78. 91C. Stavropoulos, UN Legal Adviser, to U Thant, June 29, 1962. Attached to back of memo from Stavropoulos to Rolz Bennett, July 17, 1969. UN: Series 100, Box 2, File 7. 92Interview by Terrence Markin with Johan B. P. Maramis, Indonesian Mission to UN in 1969, December 3,1990. Quoted in Markin, “The West New Guinea Dispute,” p. 480. 93Interview by Casale with Ortiz Sanz, December 15, 1999. 94Algemeen Dagblad (Netherlands), December 10, 1999.
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The table or bench saw is the most popular tool when it comes to the category of circular saws for the precision of cuts in large pieces. Choosing the ideal table saw will depend on some factors such as how it will be used, how often and how much budget you have. Reviewing product comparisons is essential to select the one that has the best value for money. You can check detailed reviews of each table saw at handyman.guide. It allows to make precise longitudinal or transversal cuts in panels, boards or laminated floors of PVC, wood, etc. Its power, size and cutting height are characteristics to take into account when making our choice. What is a table saw The table saw is a fixed circular saw, in essence, it is a circular saw installed on a table. It is possible to adjust the height of the saw blade so that it protrudes more or less from the table on its surface . This way, you can cut a good amount of planks, planks and other pieces of wood, pushing them along the table using always pushers. What are the characteristics of a table saw Installed under the table, the circular saw can cut panels (wood, pieces, etc.) and also cut soft metals depending on the type of saw blade. The saw blade is chosen according to the type of material we want to cut, and its height is adjustable according to the thickness of said material. The diameter of the blade varies, in general, between 190 and 315 mm, with carbide teeth . The saw blade is surrounded by a protective casing, which guarantees the safety of the user. The table saw of aluminium or cast steel , is not too large: a small model has dimensions of 60 x 30 cm, while the larger reach 80 x 70 per one meter. In any case, the work surface is not too large, therefore, there are various accessories such as table extensions, which allow to improve the comfort of use, increasing the useful surface. The power varies between 1000 and 3800 W and is related to the ability of the saw to cut pieces of wood. A thick, hard wood will need more power than a 30mm pine strip. Consequently, the machine can be single-phase or three-phase of higher power. The weight is variable and is related to the power, the dimensions and the material of the structure and the table. Typically weighing more than 30 kg, they can be equipped with a wheeled frame for easy handling. The function of the mitre saw is rare. It consists of adjusting the position of the saw to be able to use it above the table. This option is for miter cuts, that is, cuts at 45 ° to the piece of wood. To do this, the table has a graduated rotating platform and an articulated arm that allows to hold the piece of wood that we are going to cut. What table saw should we use It will depend on the work you are going to do and, of course, on the frequency of use. The three main criteria are: - Cutting height - work surface If you only want to install parquet in the living room, a small model of a basic range table saw, also known as a bench saw, will give us a good service. You can cut the ends of the boards with precision and finish the job quickly, comfortably and safely. A low power and cutting height will suffice. If you need to regularly trim panels, make cross cuts or even mitre cuts, you’d better opt for a larger model that combines optional accessories, as well as an angle cut of up to 45 °. A primary criterion should be power, determined by the thickness of the wood sections you are working with, as well as the cutting height. You should not neglect the weight and dimensions, especially if you do not have enough space or if you intend to move the table saw from one place to another. Handyman guide has covered also about dado blade, this article includes reviews guide. Some best table saws to buy - Dewalt DWE7485 Compact Table Saw - SawStop PCS31230 – Professional - SKILSAW SPT99T-01 Table Saw - Dewalt DWE7491RS - SawStop PCS175
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Transit Disorientation Syndrome Transit Disorientation Syndrome (TDS, also known as "jump sickness") is a medical condition. While all people suffer from (usually mild) symptoms of dizziness or nausea following a hyperspace jump, TDS describes a stronger reaction to the point of becoming violently ill and/or totally incapacitated. In February 2108 Raymond Bache became the first human to travel faster than light between Sol's jump points. Some mild concern was expressed when Bache reported experiencing dizziness and nausea immediately following the jump, but continued human testing concluded that such ill effects (symptoms including headaches, mild disorientation, vertigo, nausea and diarrhea) are not possible to mitigate and were deemed acceptable in comparison to the massive benefits of FTL travel. While this is true for the majority, there is however a number of people, reportedly averaging to between 9 and 15% of the general population, who suffer much more severe reactions to hyperspace jumps which is termed as Transit Disorientation Syndrome. Where normal people recover from a jump within minutes, for TDS sufferers this period may often last for several hours and they will be much more nauseated, irritable and disoriented throughout. Additionally, if a TDS suffer must endure a second jump while still recovering from the first, whether by Command Circuit or aboard a vessel equipped with Lithium-Fusion Battery, the duration of nausea and disorientation can last for days. Cases of heart arrhythmia and psychosis were documented, but are extremely rare. Studies reportedly show that 83% of all TDS cases with severe symptoms are in fact psychosomatic. A proactive treatment for TDS involves sedation of such strength that it incapacitates sufferers just as badly. In most cases treatment is reactive, with medical practitioners prescribing rest, hydration and a mild analgesic. Current medicine offers no reliable method of predicting whether an individual is susceptible to Transit Disorientation Syndrome. While the condition is tolerated in the ground forces, TDS has ended the career of many a promising spacer or fighter pilot. - Jihad Conspiracies: Interstellar Players 2, p. 54 "Mysteries of the Void" - DropShips and JumpShips, p. 10 "To Reach Tau Ceti" - The Hunters, p. 143 - A Time of War, p. 127 "Traits - Transit Disorientation Syndrome" - Explorer Corps, p. 39 "Life in Space - Hyperspace Procedures and Principles - Adverse Health Affects of Hyperspace Jumps"
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This unique book offers an original way of thinking about two of the most significant problems confronting modern theoretical physics: the unification of the forces of nature and the evolution of the universe. In bringing out the inadequacies of the prevailing approach to these questions, the author demonstrates the need for more than just a new theory. The meanings of space and time themselves must be radically rethought, which requires a whole new philosophical foundation. To this end, the book turns to the phenomenological writings of Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Martin Heidegger. Their insights into space and time bring the natural world to life in a manner well-suited to the dynamic phenomena of contemporary physics.In aligning continental thought with problems in physics and cosmology, the book makes use of topology. Phenomenological intuitions about space and time are systematically fleshed out via an unconventional and innovative approach to this qualitative branch of mathematics. The author's pioneering work in topological phenomenology is applied to such topics as quantum gravity, cosmogony, symmetry, spin, vorticity, dimension theory, Kaluza-Klein and string theories, fermion-boson interrelatedness, hypernumbers, and the mind-matter interface.
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Creator's Game: A Story of Baaga’adowe/Lacrosse Travis is ready to hang up his gear, but then his grandfather appears in a dream, explaining to him that lacrosse is a spiritual quest, just like a prayer, a song, or a dance. Mom doesn’t believe Travis’s story, but Grandma knows: she says dreamtime is just as real as awake time. Grandpa continues to visit Travis, sharing details about the different styles of play, the types of equipment, the various traditions among the tribes. Wearing his grandfather’s gear, Travis gains confidence as he practices with the team. When opportunity strikes at the big game, he carries the durable weight of tradition onto the field with him, celebrating skills handed down through generations. - By: Art Coulson with illustrations by Robert Desjarlait - Format: Paper, 48 pp., 6 x 8 1/2, 20 b&w illustrations - Publisher: MHS Press (November 2013) - Product ##: 9780873519090 Art Coulson (Cherokee) is an award-winning writer and editor. Art, co-owner of Redbird Media & Design, likes to play and watch lacrosse in his spare time. Robert DesJarlait (Anishinaabe, Red Lake), cofounder of Protect Our Manoomin, is an artist and activist who illustrated Meridel LeSueur’s Sparrow Hawk.
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Issue: How to fix Corsair mic not working on Windows? Hey. I get the issue with my headset. The Corsair one. It is not working on Windows for me. Sometimes sound fails me too, but the main issue is with the microphone that is not picking up any sounds while I play with my friends online. It works fine on my phone, so the issue is with Windows, I am sure. Help me. Corsair mic not working on Windows is the issue that people encounter when the headset stops working, and the repetition of the issue gets very annoying when the microphone is needed for online work or study. The common reports from users show that signal quality can affect the capability to record audio. System settings can also be incorrect, so the issue occurs. The problem can require reinstallation of the headset drivers when those are corrupted or affected otherwise. Driver issues and corrupted system files are commonly causing problems with the machine and common processes or third-party applications. Those can include Corsair mic not working on Windows. These problems can be triggered by the Windows operating system upgrade because there are issues caused by the missing system file or incorrect leading of the operating system. Software upgrades can also lead to issues with equipment and compatibility. Check for the more recent updates without bugs, for example. The quick way to fix the Corsair microphone not working on Windows would be unplugging and replugging the headset or the microphone, checking the enable option on the system and default settings. These problems can be related to previous malware infections and leftovers, so run ReimageMac Washing Machine X9 to take care of the affected files and programs if those are the root cause before moving on with manual solutions. 1. Make Corsair the default device - Open Control Panel. - Change View by to Large icons. - Select Sound. - Navigate to the Recording tab. - Left-click on Corsair Microphone and choose the Properties button. - Go to the Advanced tab in the Microphone Properties window and check the Default Format section. - Choose 2 channel, 16 bit, 44100 Hz (CD Quality). - Then go back to Sound window. - Right-click the device and choose Set as default. - Click Apply and Ok. - Open Settings. - Click System or Update & Security on Windows 10. - Hit Troubleshoot. - Other/ Additional troubleshooters. - Look for the Recording Audio troubleshooter. - Then click on the Run troubleshooter button. 3. Reinstall audio drivers - Open Device Manager. - Expand Sound, video and game controllers. - Right-click the Corsair audio driver and select Uninstall device from the menu. - Restart your computer. - Drivers should be installed automatically from scratch after the reboot. 4. Allow apps to access the microphone - Open the Settings app by hitting Windows and I keys. You can also search for it. - Go to the Privacy section. - At the left side of the window, you should see the App permissions section. - Scroll down until you reach Microphone and click that. - Check if the Microphone access for this device option is on. If it’s not, click on Change and set the slider to on. - Switch the slider under the Allow apps to access your microphone option to On. - Scroll down in the list of installed apps on your computer. Switch the slider next to the apps you wish to provide access. - Restart your computer. Repair your Errors automatically ugetfix.com team is trying to do its best to help users find the best solutions for eliminating their errors. If you don't want to struggle with manual repair techniques, please use the automatic software. All recommended products have been tested and approved by our professionals. Tools that you can use to fix your error are listed bellow: Protect your online privacy with a VPN client A VPN is crucial when it comes to user privacy. Online trackers such as cookies can not only be used by social media platforms and other websites but also your Internet Service Provider and the government. Even if you apply the most secure settings via your web browser, you can still be tracked via apps that are connected to the internet. Besides, privacy-focused browsers like Tor is are not an optimal choice due to diminished connection speeds. The best solution for your ultimate privacy is Private Internet Access – be anonymous and secure online. Data recovery tools can prevent permanent file loss Data recovery software is one of the options that could help you recover your files. Once you delete a file, it does not vanish into thin air – it remains on your system as long as no new data is written on top of it. Data Recovery Pro is recovery software that searchers for working copies of deleted files within your hard drive. By using the tool, you can prevent loss of valuable documents, school work, personal pictures, and other crucial files.
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In 2011, Russian astrologers predicted that WWIII would begin either during the Winter Olympics or 5 days after the Games end. “The participants of the meeting also unveiled the date for the beginning of Third World War. The new war is said to begin in March of 2014, during the Olympic Games in Sochi. It is also possible that the war may start five days after the Games end.” The first date has passed but the second one is tomorrow. Kind of makes you wonder. If you read the whole article below, there are some other predictions that have come true. Here is the full article from Pravda magazine: Third World War to begin during Winter Games in 2014 On March 24, well-known Russian astrologists, shamans and parapsychologists gathered to discuss forecasts for near and distant future. “The phenomenon that they call the world financial crisis, and which, as they believe, is now ending, was not the financial crisis per se. It was just an omen of the imminent crisis. The real financial crisis is going to take place in the future,” astrologist Aleksei Kolov said in the beginning of the meeting. The most impressive astrological forecast was made by Pavel Globa: “Many attack me now claiming that I was promising Russia a quiet year. What kind of quiet year is it if earthquakes rattle Japan. But Japan is not Russia. There will be wars in the world this year, but everything will be fine in our country, except for the summer. The summer is going to be tough: there will be three eclipses in a row in June-July. This year, there will be six eclipses in total. We had such a catastrophic year as this one 20 years ago, when the Soviet Union collapsed,” the astrologist said. Eclipses will cause a lot of trouble this year, Globa warned. By the moment of the latest one, which is going to take place on December 10, armed conflicts will occur on the Balkans. Terrorists will plant a bomb at the Nobel Prize award ceremony. According to Globa, this year can be compared to 1939 – the year preceding WWII, from the point of view of astrological data. The participants of the meeting also unveiled the date for the beginning of Third World War. The new war is said to begin in March of 2014, during the Olympic Games in Sochi. It is also possible that the war may start five days after the Games end. Globa did not say in which country exactly the war would begin. He only said that the African revolutions would slowly be moving towards Russia. Massive protests will eventually spark in Central Asia, the astrologist said. According to Globa, such events are happening because of the Black Moon. NATO attacked Libya the day when the Black Moon allied itself with the sun. When the Black Moon allied itself with Uranus, the Japanese earthquake occurred. In the nearest future, one shall expect revolutions in Syria and Yemen. The Yemeni leader will be toppled only in three years, though. Algeria will be the luckiest country among them all: the riots there will not last long. “I studied the horoscopes of the leaders of all countries of the region. The Algerian president is the only leader who has no charisma at all. By the way, his birthday is the same day with Gorbachev – March 2nd, 1931. He will leave peacefully. They’ll even give him a yacht and a villa. There will be no revolution in Algeria. As for Gaddafi’s fate, the problem is that no one knows his birth date – it’s either 1937 or 1940 or 1942. If he was born on June 7 indeed, he will die on his birthday – there is an eclipse just near that date. But I don’t believe that he is a Gemini. He acts like an Aquarius. Newspapers have recently written that he is a son of a French pilot, they even published a photo of the pilot. I saw the photo – they both look the same indeed,” Pavel Globa said. Parapsychologist Larisa Vais did not predict anything positive either. “It’s going to be a long spring, the summer will be hot, six-fingered children and beasts will be born. I saw it inside of me,” she said. The parapsychologists also saw (inside of her as well, apparently) that the “supreme commander-in-chief” is already looking for his successor. The successor’s name will start with a letter ‘K’. Larisa Vais said that such visions had never tricked her before. Back in 1996, Larisa saw a Ukrainian woman with a braid. The parapsychologist even mentioned that in one of her interviews to a well-known Russian journalist during those years. Now Larisa Vais can see a woman as well. This woman, Vais said, would be ruling Russia from behind the back of her husband, the president. Speaking about global problems, Larisa Vais said that Japan would suffer from other mammoth earthquakes. “A lot of people will die on the planet this year,” she said. Andrei Dondukov, a shaman from Tuva Republic, said that the year 2009 marked the beginning of the era of Yamaraj, the god of death. “Everyone will be held accountable for all they did. Death will be especially close on November 5,” shaman said. Dondukov confirmed Vais’s predictions. According to him, men lost their true power a long time ago. “We are living in the era of pseudo-patriarchate. This era will soon end and matriarchate will return,” he said. Russia will survive this change of trend easily. Dmitry Medvedev will remain the nation’s ruler. Medvedev is the man, whom Russian Buddhists recognized as the incarnation of female deity – White Tara. When asked about Putin’s role, Dondukov said that Putin is a fighter. “Putin is a military man, and Medvedev does yoga. There are two types of men in general. One of them is the horizontal type – this is where military men refer to. There’s also the vertical type of men – they aim for spiritual growth. Medvedev is a true czar, the Lord’s Anointed. Putin is just a duke,” shaman Dondukov said.
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Go to the main menu Skip to content Go to bottom REFERENCE LINKING PLATFORM OF KOREA S&T JOURNALS > Journal Vol & Issue Journal of Wetlands Research Journal Basic Information Journal DOI : Korean Wetlands Society Editor in Chief : Volume & Issues Volume 15, Issue 4 - Nov 2013 Volume 15, Issue 3 - Aug 2013 Volume 15, Issue 2 - May 2013 Volume 15, Issue 1 - Feb 2013 Selecting the target year Evaluation of Pilot scale Coagulation system Design for CSOs treatment Lee, Seung-Chul ; Ha, Sung-Ryong ; Journal of Wetlands Research, volume 15, issue 1, 2013, Pages 1~8 DOI : 10.17663/JWR.2013.15.1.001 A pilot scale coagulation system, which has a function of physicochemical treatment, was developed to treat Combined sewer overflows(CSOs). This coagulation system requires evaluation of optimum design factors whether it has reflected those of lab scale system, moreover, the pilot scale system can be evaluated differently according to the characteristics of influent CSOs even though it has reflected lab scale`s design factors. We conducted an experiment using lab scale system that could treat of CSOs in a day, and also pilot-scale system with CSOs flowed into the Cheongju sewage treatment plant. Therefore the aim of this study is to evaluate a hydraulic similarity between the design factors of pilot scale and those of lab scale coagulation system, and to evaluate feasibility of the coagulation system for the CSOs treatment with optimum operation conditions. From the result of pilot-test, we drew the optimum operation factors of in line mixer and flocculator having similarities with those of lab scale system as well as the optimum coagulant dose. Finally we confirmed that the coagulation system has feasibility to treat the CSOs with high removal efficiency. Relationship of Initial Density, Biomass and Tuber Productivity of Scirpus planiculmis in the Nakdong River Estuary Yi, Yong Min ; Yeo, Un Sang ; Sung, Kijune ; Journal of Wetlands Research, volume 15, issue 1, 2013, Pages 9~17 DOI : 10.17663/JWR.2013.15.1.009 Scirpus planiculmis dominated in Nakdong river estuary is known as food for birds visiting to Nakdong river estuary and plays an important role in material cycle and food web, while repeating growth and production, decomposition process in 1-year interval. Therefore, if it is able to predict effectively biomass or tuber production of Scirpus planiculmis which is food source for estuarine organisms or birds, it can provide very useful information on the Nakdong river estuary management. In this study, regression equation that can predict the tuber production, food for birds, was obtained using initial density of Scirpus planiculmis that can minimize the disturbance of ecosystem and is faster and easier. The correlation analysis results show that density, biomass and tuber production have liner relationship(p<0.001) with 0.6103~0.9950 of correlation coefficients. In addition, the regression equations have high coefficients of determination of 0.3696~0.7145 and it shows that it is able to predict biomass or tuber production while using the estimated regression equation obtained from relationship among the initial density, biomass and tuber production. The results of this study are expected to utilize effectively the management of estuary ecosystem such as management on food source for migratory birds visiting to Nakdong river estuary. A Study on the Ecosystem Service of Wetland -1. Effective Biological Control of the Mosquito Larvae using Native Fishes Jeong, Heon Mo ; Kim, Hae Ran ; You, Young Han ; Journal of Wetlands Research, volume 15, issue 1, 2013, Pages 19~24 DOI : 10.17663/JWR.2013.15.1.019 To assess on the biological control potential with the native fishes, Aphyocypris chinensis, Oryzias sinensis, Misgurnus mizolepis, Pseudorasbora parva, Carassius auratus, Odontobutis interrupta were tested in relation to optimal condition controling mosquitoes in Seosan region. As a result of larvivorous activity for predation rate and temperature difference along kinds of native fishes, predation rate of Aphyocypris chinensis was the highest and predation rate of Misgurnus mizolepis was the lowest under the . Contrastively, predation rate of Aphyocypris chinensis and Odontobutis interrupta was the highest in least time. Predation rate of Misgurnus mizolepis was the lowest under the all temperature among six species fishes. Aphyocypris chinensis and Pseudorasbora parva in low, Carassius auratus, Misgurnus mizolepis and Odontobutis interrupta in bottom appeared high predation rate along the water depth. And predation rate of Oryzias sinensis was high as 95% at surface. As a result of measuring time taken to predate 50 mosquito larvae by 3 species fishes, two Aphyocypris chinensis took 10minutes, two Oryzias sinensis took 21min., two Misgurnus mizolepis took 45min. But one Aphyocypris chinensis and Misgurnus mizolepis took 8min., one Misgurnus mizolepis and Oryzias sinensis took 17min. The Ecological Characteristics and Conservation Counterplan of Menyanthes trifoliata Habitat in Floating Mat in Korean East Coastal Lagoon, Sunyoodam Kim, Heung-Tae ; Lee, Gwang-Moon ; Kim, Jae Geun ; Journal of Wetlands Research, volume 15, issue 1, 2013, Pages 25~34 DOI : 10.17663/JWR.2013.15.1.025 The purpose of this study is to investigate the properties of Menyanthes trifoliata habitat in coastal lagoons. To characterize plant composition in the habitats in the lagoon, the plot sampling method was applied. The depths of water and floating mat were measured. Surface water quality factors including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), and total dissolved solids (TDS) were measured in the sites. Phosphate, nitrate, ammonium, and major cations were measured in laboratory. The wetland has 78 taxa of wetland plants. The average coverage and density of M. trifoliata was 62.6% and , respectively and Phragmites australis is important associate in Sunyoodam lagoon. The average depths of floating mats were 26.5cm in M. trifoliata and 68.9cm in the P. australis-M. trifoliata communities, and the water depth below the mat was 106.5cm and 17.7cm, respectively. The values of pH, DO, EC and TDS in the water were 5.06, 46.1%, 59.4 , and 29.3 mg/L, respectively. The concentrations of phosphate, nitrate, and ammonium showed 47.2, 9321, and 15.9 , respectively. The concentrations of Ca, K, Na, and Mg had 11.1, 1.5, 15.1, and 11.3 mg/L, respectively. The habitats of M. trifoliata in the lagoon corresponds to a kind of lowland communities in Hewett`s classification. To conserve the habitats of M. trifoliata in Sunyoodam lagoon, the supply of open water area, the construction of observation deck, and the block of inflow from the surrounding paddy fields are needed in the future. Cutting Efficiency Using Phragmites australis Culms According to Content and Timing of Indole-acetic Acid Treatment Hong, Mun-Gi ; Kim, Jae Geun ; Journal of Wetlands Research, volume 15, issue 1, 2013, Pages 35~41 DOI : 10.17663/JWR.2013.15.1.035 In this study, we tried to overcome a limit in cutting timing of reed culm by applying a plant hormone, indole-acetic acid (IAA) as a growth regulator with various contents ( M). 19 shoots emerged from 240 segments of hardened reed culm from montane fen and eight out of the 19 shoots emerged by M IAA treatment as the most in Sep. 2012. 50 shoots emerged from 60 segments of non-hardened reed culm from a population in Seoul National University transplanted from Mt. Odae by M IAA treatment despite the cutting was performed about two weeks later ( Sep.). Via third cutting experiment performed about 40 days later ( Oct.), only two shoots out of 60 segments were observed by the same experimental condition except atmospheric temperature. It seemed likely that it was too low temperature in third experiment ( ) than the former experiments (about ) to form adventitious buds from culm segment. We recommend to utilize the thick reed culm in culm cutting as possible because the thicker culm segment we used, the thicker emerged shoot we could observe (i.e., diameters of emerged shoots were about 20% of the planted segment`s diameters). Groundwater-surface water interaction of the upstream area of the dam composed of accumulated sediments and reservoir in the upstream area of Searsvill Dam Kim, Dongkyun ; Journal of Wetlands Research, volume 15, issue 1, 2013, Pages 43~50 DOI : 10.17663/JWR.2013.15.1.043 The groundwater-surface water interaction of Searsville Lake area, California, US was analyzed using 3-dimensional groundwater model. This study especially focuses on investigating the groundwater head drawdown near the lake when the abrupt decline of the lake water table occurs due to the implementation of the options to remove the accumulated sediments along the dam. The result of the investigation revealed that the groundwater head drawdown near the lake is not significant enough to adversely affect the wetland habitat of the area regardless of the hydrogeologic parameters of the aquifers. We expect this result provides useful information to the similar Korean case studies in which the surface water level abruptly changes due to the operation of the hydraulic gates of dams and wiers and the corresponding environmental impact should be considered. An Experimental Study on Dredging Efficiency for Cutter Head Type Park, Jae Hyeon ; Kim, Young Do ; Lee, Man Soo ; Journal of Wetlands Research, volume 15, issue 1, 2013, Pages 51~58 DOI : 10.17663/JWR.2013.15.1.051 In this study, the hydraulic experiments were conducted for the dredging efficiency of the cutter head type, which includes the open type and the close type cutter head. The dredging experimental instrument was installed in the large water tank which has the dimension of . The dredging experiments were performed for the various conditions of dredging depth, rotating speed, and suction speed of the cutter head. As the results, the dredging efficiency of the close-type cutter head is much higher than that of the open-type cutter head. The dredging efficiency of the same cutter head type was mainly influenced by the rotating speed of cutter head. Also the adequate suction speed of the cutter head is needed for more effective dredging. A Study on Mixing Behavior of Dredging Turbidity Plume Using Two-Dimensional Numerical Model Park, Jae Hyeon ; Kim, Young Do ; Lee, Man Soo ; Journal of Wetlands Research, volume 15, issue 1, 2013, Pages 59~69 DOI : 10.17663/JWR.2013.15.1.059 The numerical simulations were performed to analyze the advection-diffusion processes of dredging-induced turbidity plume using RMA2 and RMA4 models in Bunam reservoir, Seosan, Chungnam. Field survey was also performed to measure the turbidity using the multi water quality monitoring system (YSI6600EDS). In the field survey, the vertical and horizontal distributions of the turbidity were measured during the dredging operation in Bunam reservoir. RMA2 model was used to simulate the velocity distributions in both the whole domain and the 2nd part of Bunam reservoir. RMA4 model was also used to simulate the concentration distribution in only the 2nd part of Bunam reservoir, where the dredging work were conducted. The comparison of the simulation results with the field data for the advection-diffusion of the turbidity plume using the concentration ratio concepts shows that the numerical model can be applied to analyze the environmental impact of dredging works. Inhabitation Characteristics of Sphagnum palustre in Abandoned Paddy Terrace Wetland: a Case Report in Ansan Hong, Mun-Gi ; Kim, Jae Geun ; Journal of Wetlands Research, volume 15, issue 1, 2013, Pages 71~78 DOI : 10.17663/JWR.2013.15.1.071 An exceptional case of inhabitation of a Sphagnum sp. was firstly confirmed at abandoned paddy terrace (APT) wetland in Ansan. Water sampling for analyzing of physicochemical conditions including nutrients such as NP, was performed and the vegetation map for distribution of Sphagnum sp., topographical map, and flora list for companion species were made at field in June 2011. From the results, the Sphagnum sp. in the study site was identified as S. palustre and it covered about 8% of the wetland cover of 3,200 . Most distributions of S. palustre were observed at tussock structures as micro-topography by sedges and grasses within a wetland (74%) and the shaded slope area under Pinus densiflora`s canopy in wetland boundary (26%). Despite that APT in Ansan is relatively lower wetland in altitude than high moors, the contents of calcium ( ) and magnesium ( ) ion which are critical limiting factors for Sphagnum spp. were very low levels as well as NP ( ) and it could enable the inhabitation of S. palustre in lower APT. Reduction Efficiency of the Stormwater Wetland from Animal Feeding-Lot Park, Kisoo ; Niu, Siping ; Kim, Youngchul ; Journal of Wetlands Research, volume 15, issue 1, 2013, Pages 79~90 DOI : 10.17663/JWR.2013.15.1.079 Stormwater wetland targeted to treat the rainfall runoff from cow feeding-lot basin has been monitored from May 2010 to November 2011. Reduction efficiency estimated based on 20 rainfall event monitoring was 88%, 54%, 70%, 31%, and 64% for TSS, BOD, , TN, and TP, respectively. Theoretically, as rainfall depth increases, hydraulic exchange ratio has to be increased. When the exchange ratio approaches to 1 (usually design goal), TSS reduction efficiency was estimated about 55%. Uncertainty in reduction efficiency of the stormwater wetland is normally very high due to the continuous rainfall activity, its magnitude and intensity, antecedent dry days, and other natural variables which can not be controlled by experiment conductors. In this study, predominant affecting variables was found to be hydraulics caused by consecutive rainfall events having different intensity and algal growth during dry days. Analysis on Dimensional Stability of Porosity Soil Block for Vegetation Reinforcement Park, Sang Woo ; Ahn, Tae Jin ; Ahn, Sang Ho ; Kwon, Soon Hyun ; Journal of Wetlands Research, volume 15, issue 1, 2013, Pages 91~103 DOI : 10.17663/JWR.2013.15.1.091 In this Research, in order to improve problems of not enough technical validation and structural and hydraulic stability evaluation when nature-friendly revetment block is applied to field, hydraulic stability evaluation according to hydraulic behavior change of porosity soil block for vegetation reinforcement that secures ecological function was reviewed. By selecting object section, numerical analysis and hydraulic model experiments were performed; for numerical analysis, by using 1-dimensional numerical analysis model HEC-RAS and 2-dimensional numerical analysis RMA-2, one-dimensional(1D) and two-dimensional(2D) numerical analysis were performed; by applying Froude`s similarity law, reduced-scale hydraulic model experiments according to vegetation existence were performed. In hydraulic model experiment, for validity of experiment result, the result of velocity and tractive force of reduced-scale hydraulic model experiments was converted to prototype so that it can be compared and reviewed under the same condition of one-dimensional(1D) and two-dimensional(2D) numerical analysis result; as a result, it was confirmed that comparatively united result appeared, and by comparing prototype-converted tractive force result with revetment`s allowable tractive force coming from an existing research, block`s hydraulic stability was suggested. The Impact Assessment of Climate Change on Design Flood in Mihochen basin based on the Representative Concentration Pathway Climate Change Scenario Kim, Byung Sik ; Ha, Sung Ryong ; Journal of Wetlands Research, volume 15, issue 1, 2013, Pages 105~114 DOI : 10.17663/JWR.2013.15.1.105 Recently, Due to Climate change, extreme rainfall occurs frequently. In many preceding studies, Because of extreme hydrological events changes, it is expected that peak flood Magnitude and frequency of drainage infrastructures changes. However, at present, probability rainfall in the drainage facilities design is assumed to Stationary which are not effected from climate change and long-term fluctuation. In the future, flood control safety standard should be reconsidered about the valid viewpoint. In this paper, in order to assess impact of climate change on drainage system, Future climate change information has been extracted from RCP 8.5 Climate Change Scenario for IPCC AR5, then estimated the design rainfall for various durations at return periods. Finally, the design flood estimated through the HEC-HMS Model which is being widely used in the practices, estimated the effect of climate change on the Design Flood of Mihochen basin. The results suggested that the Design Flood increase by climate change. Due to this, the Flood risk of Mihochen basin can be identified to increase comparing the present status. Spatial Downscaling Method for Use of GCM Data in A Mountainous Area Kim, Soojun ; Kang, Na Rae ; Kim, Yon Soo ; Lee, Jong So ; Kim, Hung Soo ; Journal of Wetlands Research, volume 15, issue 1, 2013, Pages 115~125 DOI : 10.17663/JWR.2013.15.1.115 This study established a methodology for the application of downscaling technique in a mountainous area having large spatial variations of rainfall and tried to estimate the change of rainfall characteristics in the future under climate change using the established method. The Namhan river basin, which is in the mountainous area of the Korean peninsula, has been chosen as the study area. Artificial Neural Network - Simple Kriging with varying local means (ANN-SKlm) has been built by combining artificial neural network, which is one of the general downscaling techniques, and SKlm technique, which can reflect the geomorphologic characteristics like elevation of the study area. The evaluation of SKlm technique was done by using the monthly rainfalls at six weather stations which KMA(Korea Meteorological Administration) is managing in the basin. The ANN-SKlm technique was compared with the Thiessen technique and ordinary kriging(OK) technique. According to the evaluation result of each technique the SKlm technique showed the best result. Regional Frequency Analysis for Rainfall Under Climate Change Song, Chang Woo ; Kim, Yon Soo ; Kang, Na Rae ; Lee, Dong Ryul ; Kim, Hung Soo ; Journal of Wetlands Research, volume 15, issue 1, 2013, Pages 125~137 DOI : 10.17663/JWR.2013.15.1.125 Global warming and climate change have influence on abnormal weather pattern and the rainstorm has a localized and intensive tendency in Korea. IPCC(2007) also reported the rainstorm and typhoon will be more and more stronger due to temperature increase during the 21st century. Flood Estimation Handbook(Institute of Hydrology, 1999) published in United Kingdom, in the case that the data period is shorter than return period, recommends the regional frequency analysis rather than point frequency analysis. This study uses Regional Climate Model(RCM) of Korea Meteorological Administration(KMA) for obtaining the rainfall and for performing the regional frequency analysis. We used the rainfall data from 58 stations managed by KMA and used L-moment algorithm suggested by Hosking and wallis(1993) for the regional frequency analysis considering the climate change. As the results, in most stations, the rainfall amounts in frequencies have an increasing tendency except for some stations. According to the A1B scenario, design rainfall is increased by 7~10% compared with the reference period(1970-2010). A Study of Ecotourism Activated Gede Pangrango National Park in Indonesia Jeong, Kyongyeon ; Byun, Byungseol ; Journal of Wetlands Research, volume 15, issue 1, 2013, Pages 139~147 DOI : 10.17663/JWR.2013.15.1.139 This study is thing about eco-tourism activated Mt. Gede Pangrango National Park in Indonesia. Indonesia is full of eco-tourist resources with the possession of the tropical forest. Particularly, Gede Pangrango National Park on the west of Java island has so plenty of bio-diversity that the UNESCO designated this park as the World Biosphere Reserve. By virtue of this, various visitors all over the world are visiting Gede Pangrango Park for doing research, education, hiking and camping. However, Indonesia lags behind other countries in convenience facilities for visitors, so their visiting programs are actually insufficient. In order for eco-tourism to be revitalized, there should be physical improvement in visiting facilities, management of a variety of visit programs, and local residents` participation & projects to increase the income of local residents. This study is going to seek for the environment-friendly management plan suited for the properties of the park and improvement plan for eco-visiting facilities by closely grasping the actual condition of the eco-tourism of Gede Pangrango National Park. A Comparative Study on Hydraulic Jump and Specific Energy Losses at Downstream According to the Weir Discharge Types Park, Hyo-Seon ; Yoon, Geun-Ho ; Koo, Bon-Jin ; Choi, Gye-Woon ; Journal of Wetlands Research, volume 15, issue 1, 2013, Pages 149~157 DOI : 10.17663/JWR.2013.15.1.149 The weirs built so far are mainly overflow type weirs overflowing to the upstream. Main advantages of overflow type weirs are, effective water resources management and easy design, construction and maintenance due to many accumulated studies. However, due to the special feature of the overflow type weir where water overflows through the upstream of the weir, the silt coming from the upstream is not discharged to the downstream of the weir. This increases the river bed and reduces the reservoir capacity, and as a result, the weir loses its function. A underflow type weir with a water gate has been implemented in order to solve such sediment deposit and weir maintenance problems. However due to the design problem of recently constructed underflow type weirs, the river bed of the downstream of a weir has been scoured. And this leds to a structural problem. In this study, the flow characteristics of overflow type weirs and underflow type weir, hydraulic jump length analysis depending on change of water depth and the amount of specific energy loss generated per unit length depending on a weir type have been compared and analyzed, for the effective design and management of the weirs. The experiment results show that, when identical upstream conditions of underflow type weir and an overflow type weir were maintained, the hydraulic jump length was up to twice longer with Fr(Froude number) 3.5 of the hydraulic jump length at the underflow type weir, and the hydraulic jump length gradually decreased as the downstream water depth increased. The comparative analysis result of the amount of specific energy loss generated per unit length showed that the amount of energy loss per unit length was twice higher for an overlfow type weir than a underflow type weir. Therefore, in case of a underflow type facility, an additional energy reduction facility is determined to be necessary for safety of water construction structures.
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Using data provided by the Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 citizen science project, volunteers found a possible large planet or brown dwarf orbiting its star at a distance of more than 1,600 astronomical units. Plus, NASA launches the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer, and we review Ghostbusters: Afterlife. Sun-like star plasma lashes its solar system - NAOJ press release - “Probable detection of an eruptive filament from a superflare on a solar-type star,” Kosuke Namekata et al., 2021 December 9, Nature Astronomy The Milky Way’s black hole is a messy eater - Hubble press release - “Tracing the Milky Way’s Vestigial Nuclear Jet,” Gerald Cecil et al., 2021 December 6, The Astrophysical Journal Melting poles emit methane - “Characterizing methane emission hotspots from thawing permafrost,” C. D. Elder et al., 2021 December 2, Global Biogeochemical Cycles Falcon 9 takes left turn at equator for NASA - SpaceX media kit (via Archive Today) - PDF: IXPE Mission System Concept and Development Status (NASA) - X-ray Telescopes Introduction (NASA) Overlooked exoplanet found by citizen scientists - AMNH press release - “A Wide Planetary Mass Companion Discovered through the Citizen Science Project Backyard Worlds: Planet 9,” Jacqueline K. Faherty et al., 2021 December 9, The Astrophysical Journal Hello and welcome to the Daily Space. I am your host Dr. Pamela Gay. I am your host, Beth Johnson. And we will be joined by Erik Madaus to talk launches later in the show. Together, we are here to put science and rockets in your brain. A lot of times, our news stories make us think it would be good to exit our solar system and get as far away from Earth as possible. Not today’s first two stories. They make me kind of glad that we are right where we are. Astronomers studying the star EK Draconis recently observed it undergo a massive flare and emit a massive filament of plasma. The outburst was ten times larger than anything we’ve seen our Sun eject, and it was moving at a zippy 500 km/s. While massive flares are nothing new, especially for young red dwarf stars, this particular flare was of note because EK Draconis is a Sun-like star. It’s much younger than the Sun but is similar in mass. This leads to the uncomfortable realization that our Sun, when it was young, probably also had these occasional superflares. Superflares that could be very bad for planets like Earth. These results appear in Nature Astronomy and are published with lead author Kosuke Namekata. While our modern Sun shouldn’t still be capable of these kinds of wild outbursts, I have to admit that the part of my brain that is aware the Universe is more creative than we are holds onto a small amount of worry. Luckily, we have spacecraft between us and the Sun that can alert us if any plasma lashes are headed our way, which they shouldn’t be. “Shouldn’t be.” Well, that gives me so much confidence. And this brings us to one of the great and terrible things about science. It’s a process, and over time, we often learn that the things we assumed, well, we all know what they say about assumptions. Let’s take a moment to consider the fact that our galaxy, like all similar galaxies, has a supermassive black hole in its core. This black hole is smaller in volume than the planet-having parts of our solar system and packs in four million Suns’ worth of mass. As long as things are on stable orbits, there is no danger they’ll get sucked into that behemoth – we are in no danger, for instance – but instabilities happen. Sometimes a star gets too close to another star or two, and changed orbits can send things in to feed that black hole. It had been believed (assumed) that our galaxy wasn’t actively feeding and consumed its last large meal about 2-4 million years ago. In newly analyzed images from the Hubble Space Telescope, it turns out – surprise, surprise – our supermassive black hole is way more active than thought and is currently having a good meal of whatever gas, dust, or stars most recently crossed its event horizon. When it eats, the infalling material generates a powerful magnetic field as it circles in, and researchers can see the jets that the magnetic field is creating. According to coauthor Alex Wagner: The streams percolate out of the Milky Way’s dense gas disk. The jet diverges from a pencil beam into tendrils, like that of an octopus. These diverging jets are responsible for the soap bubble structure in the inner 500 light-years of our galaxy. While today’s jet is relatively small and very hard to find, the event that occurred 2-4 million years ago was a million-fold brighter. This implies that just when life emerged on Earth, the constellation Sagittarius glowed with the light – largely blocked by dust – of a feeding black hole. It kind of makes me hope it feeds again, just so we can watch from where we are, far far away. The accidental theme of this first segment is apparently “jets in places we didn’t expect them”. A Sun-like star whipped its solar system; the milky way’s supermassive black hole is spewing jets; the Earth’s melting permafrost is belching methane. We knew this last story to a certain extent, but the amount being emitted and expectations for future emissions all got turned up several notches thanks to new measurements. In a new paper appearing in Global Biogeochemical Cycles, researchers led by C.D. Elder found some regions of the Arctic are giving off as much as 24 grams of methane per square meter per day. Their study focused on the region near a thermokarst lake. The hotspots were associated with areas where the permafrost has recently melted. Using airborne detectors in combination with ground measurements, they determined: Hotspot emissions accounted for ∼40% of total diffusive CH4 emissions from the lake study site. Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas, and this points to the terrible feedback loop where the melting of some permafrost will release gases that potentially lead to the melting of more permafrost and the release of even more methane, and the paper predicts the emissions will increase non-linearly in our warming climate. All right, we found our way back to wanting to exit our planet. After eight and a half minutes, Booster 1061 landed on the droneship Just Read The Instructions, successfully completing its fifth flight into space. Back in orbit, the fairings separated, exposing the 300-kilogram satellite to space. Then the second stage shut down and began a 20-minute coast phase. At the second stage restart over the middle of Africa, the Falcon 9 did something remarkable: a 27-degree plane change to almost completely zero out its inclination and circularize the orbit at 600 kilometers. Although this required about 3.5 kilometers of delta velocity, because the second stage was nearly perpendicular to the direction of travel during the burn, the vehicle’s orbital speed hardly changed. Why go to all of this effort to launch a small satellite? Part of the answer is because of money, as many things are. The mission was originally designed to be launched on a much smaller rocket, a Northrop Grumman Pegasus rocket, from under a plane over the ocean at the equator. Ultimately Pegasus was not selected due to cost, and SpaceX was awarded the mission launching on a much bigger Falcon 9 rocket from Florida. The other part of the answer is because of the scientific data it is intended to collect: X-rays. The telescope needed to go into a low inclination orbit to avoid the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA), an area where the lower Van Allen radiation belts get closest to the Earth. Flying through the SAA would interfere with the sensitive detectors. In order to avoid contaminating the instruments, IXPE does not have any propulsion either for pointing or orbital maneuvering. IXPE will decay from orbit in less than 25 years, in compliance with orbital debris regulations. X-ray telescopes are pretty cool. Because of the high energy of an X-ray photon, it is much more difficult to collect and focus the energy to create an image as they go right through a typical mirror. The mirrors in an X-ray telescope, however, are nearly parallel to the oncoming light, using what is known as grazing incidence to direct the X-ray photons to a focal point behind the mirrors, like a Cassegrain-type telescope. The parallel mirrors don’t have a lot of surface area along the scope axis so instead of having one big flat(ish) mirror, an X-ray telescope has many nested rings of mirrors like an onion to collect as much light as possible. IXPE’s telescopes have 24 rectangular mirror segments each, arranged around a cylindrical support. IXPE brings a new way of observing X-rays to orbit. This new mission improves on Chandra by making it possible to measure the orientation – technically called polarization – of the X-ray photons. It also has the ability to simultaneously make spectral, spatial, and time-based measurements. This will allow it to accomplish tasks like determining how pulsars accelerate particles and to measure the magnetic field configuration in magnetars. With IXPE, we’ll have a whole new set of ways to see the higher energy parts of our universe. During a post-show Q&A the other day, we discussed how the only exoplanet stories we’re getting these days are about the wildest and weirdest planet discoveries. There’s a reason for that. We’ve found nearly 5,000 exoplanets, and the discoveries had gotten to the point where the press releases announcing them became so common that no one was really paying attention to them anymore. Once unusual and exciting, exoplanets are now pretty commonplace. Which has brought us to where the announcements are now about planets with strange orbits or unusual sizes, such as the ones that orbit in less than a day or are Mars-sized. Today’s press release is no different in that regard. A new paper published in The Astrophysical Journal details the discovery of a massive exoplanet that could be a brown dwarf, orbiting at a huge distance from its star: over 1,600 astronomical units away. Remember, an astronomical unit is the average distance from the Earth to the Sun, so this giant of a planet is 1,600 times farther away. We haven’t found a lot of planets at that type of distance from their host stars. Now, one of the coolest pieces of this story is that this particular exoplanet was discovered by a volunteer citizen scientist looking at data in the Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 project. Jörg Schümann noticed that a particular object was moving in tandem with a star. Other searches had missed the planet because of that huge distance between the planet and star. Lead author Jackie Faherty explains: This star had been looked at by more than one campaign searching for exoplanet companions. But previous teams looked really close to the star. Because citizen scientists really liked the project, they found an object that many of these direct imaging surveys would have loved to have found, but they didn’t look far enough away from its host. This project is not one of those “look at light curves and flag dips” projects where we are dealing with exoplanet transits. Backyard Worlds uses data from NASA’s Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) mission, and citizen scientists look through digital images for objects that seem to jump between one image and another. Those objects are then flagged for further analysis. So what do we know about this planet? It’s about ten to twenty times the mass of Jupiter. That’s kind of interesting considering the cutoff for becoming a brown dwarf is at about thirteen times the mass of Jupiter. This is either a really big gas giant or a brown dwarf. The main way we could tell the difference is if we knew how the object formed. Planets come from material gathering up in protoplanetary disks of dust and gas. Brown dwarfs form like stars, by a collapse of a giant cloud of gas. But we don’t have enough data to conclude, either way, so let’s just say there is a really big world out there. Citizen science is amazing, as most of our audience knows. We’re hoping to get a new project up and running next year, and we’re also hoping to have the lead author of this paper, Jackie Faherty, on for an interview in January as well. Make sure you’re following us on our social media platforms for announcements of both events. When it comes to finding things to review, we sometimes debate what works for our audience, and I admit, I hesitated a week or two before asking to review this movie for you. And then I had to justify my request, which I obviously did well since here we are. Ghostbusters: Afterlife is the latest installment in the Ghostbusters franchise that started nearly thirty years ago with the original film in 1984. That movie was written by Dan Akroyd and Harold Ramis and directed by Ivan Reitman. Unfortunately, we lost Harold Ramis in 2014, which dashed any hopes of a full reunion of the original cast for another sequel. And while the 2016 Ghostbusters was loosely linked to the original films, this latest movie is a direct sequel and follows the story straight into today. I’m going to do my best to not spoil certain aspects of Afterlife but be forewarned that there will still be spoilers in this review. We start the movie with a mysterious light and a truck racing away. The person is in shadow, and it turns out, is being chased by something supernatural. Look, the main conceit here is that ghosts are real, so you’ll just have to accept that part. I’m not going to criticize the movie for that. It’s on the tin. But this opening scene gives a hint at some of the science that will come up for the rest of the movie. The mysterious figure flips a switch, electrifying several grain silos, and then presses a pedal where… Nothing happens. The man slips inside the house, locks the door, and sits down, where he meets his supernatural demise. There’s some familiar-looking ghost detecting gear involved, which you’ll recognize from the original movies. Now we switch to a single mom and her two kids. The oldest, Trevor, played by Finn Wolfhard from Stranger Things, is sixteen. The younger, Phoebe, is a late pre-teen or early teenager. She’s played by McKenna Grace, who frankly steals the entire movie. What struck me about her character is that she is wicked smart, very introverted, and definitely neurodiverse. And they wrote the interactions in such a way that was respectful to her character — no easy jokes at her expense — but a lot of understanding between her and her mom. Phoebe doesn’t make friends easily, she tells jokes badly, and she looks vaguely familiar. The family is getting evicted from their apartment, and the timing is just right that the mysterious, shadowy figure from the first scene turns out to be the woman’s estranged father, and he’s left them the house and farm, so off they go to try and sell anything they can and move right back. Narrator: There is nothing really to sell, and they don’t move right back. From here, the movie goes into a supernatural adventure, with a weird mountain, a deserted mine, and a possible apocalypse level event in the making. It’s just like New York in 1984, and it turns out that the mysterious figure is Egon Spangler, played all shadowy since Harold Ramis passed away. We get absolutely zero mention of Trevor and Phoebe’s dad or Egon’s past love interest. Zero. So don’t expect any answers there. Trevor fixes up Ecto-1, which is in a dilapidated barn. Phoebe starts playing chess with the ghost of Egon. Paul Rudd shows up as the summer school teacher who has no interest in teaching a room full of reprobates, so he’s letting them watch classic horror movies while working on his geology research in the next room. Earthquakes have become commonplace in this small town in Oklahoma, and the science here was pretty decently explained. Yay for a geologist in a movie! Also, he becomes the love interest of the mom, which is important, and if you know the original film well, you may understand why without me explaining. I could give a whole lot away about this film for the sake of commenting on the science and technology. Let’s just say it’s good. It didn’t take me out of the film at all. Phoebe is really, really smart, and she works on some of the old ghost-busting tech. Egon is an invisible ghost, guiding as best he can. One of the big themes in this movie is how people don’t listen to scientists but also how sometimes, scientists don’t communicate well. Remember, Egon was the brains of the original group, and his poor communication skills are what led to him being alone in Oklahoma. Phoebe has difficulty making friends because science is what’s on her mind. She first makes friends with Paul Rudd, the scientist teacher in her world who is actually working on something cool. And she manages to find a friend who thinks her terrible jokes are hilarious. He’s a podcaster called, well, “Podcast”, and his show focuses on conspiracy theories and the supernatural. Of course. The dialog is smart. People communicate. There are a ton of callbacks to the first movie, including watching the original ad for the Ghostbusters on YouTube. Nice touches that will definitely bring the nostalgia. There are also great cameos, and I won’t spoil those. Overall, if you can suspend disbelief about ghosts and gods and weird apocalypse events, if you’re a fan of the original Ghostbusters franchise, then I highly recommend this movie. If you’ve never seen the original movies, which was the case with my kid, you’ll still enjoy it, but you might not get all the little references sprinkled everywhere. Oh, and make sure you stay all the way through the credits. There are two stingers on this one. This has been the Daily Space. You can find more information on all our stories, including images, at DailySpace.org. As always, we’re here thanks to the donations of people like you. If you like our content, please consider joining our Patreon at Patreon.com/CosmoQuestX. Written by Pamela Gay, Beth Johnson, and Erik Madaus Hosted by Pamela Gay, Beth Johnson, and Erik Madaus Audio and Video Editing by Ally Pelphrey Content Editing by Beth Johnson Intro and Outro music by Kevin MacLeod, https://incompetech.com/music/
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On the physical interpretation of statistical data from black-box systems In this paper we explore the physical interpretation of statistical data collected from complex black-box systems. Given the output statistics of a black-box system, and considering a class of relevant Markov dynamics which are physically meaningful, we reverse-engineer the Markov dynamics to obtain an equilibrium distribution that coincides with the output statistics observed. This reverse-engineering scheme provides us with a conceptual physical interpretation of the black-box system investigated. Five specific reverse-engineering methodologies are developed, based on the following dynamics: Langevin, geometric Langevin, diffusion, growth-collapse, and decay-surge. In turn, these methodologies yield physical interpretations of the black-box system in terms of conceptual intrinsic forces, temperatures, and instabilities. The application of these methodologies is exemplified in the context of the distribution of wealth and income in human societies, which are outputs of the complex black-box system called “the economy”. If you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view it first. In case of further problems read the IDEAS help page. Note that these files are not on the IDEAS site. Please be patient as the files may be large. As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to look for a different version under "Related research" (further below) or search for a different version of it. Volume (Year): 392 (2013) Issue (Month): 13 () |Contact details of provider:|| Web page: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/physica-a-statistical-mechpplications/| References listed on IDEAS Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.: - Irle, Albrecht & Milaković, Mishael & Alfarano, Simone & Kauschke, Jonas, 2008. "A Statistical Equilibrium Model of Competitive Firms," Economics Working Papers 2008,10, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Department of Economics. - Alfarano, Simone & Milaković, Mishael & Irle, Albrecht & Kauschke, Jonas, 2012. "A statistical equilibrium model of competitive firms," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 36(1), pages 136-149. - Alfarano, Simone & Milaković, Mishael, 2008. "Does Classical Competition Explain the Statistical Features of Firm Growth?," Economics Working Papers 2008,03, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Department of Economics. - Alfarano, Simone & Milakovic, Mishael, 2008. "Does classical competition explain the statistical features of firm growth?," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 101(3), pages 272-274, December. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:phsmap:v:392:y:2013:i:13:p:2924-2939. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc. For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: (Shamier, Wendy) If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about. If references are entirely missing, you can add them using this form. If the full references list an item that is present in RePEc, but the system did not link to it, you can help with this form. If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation. Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.
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Each year, millions of people in the U.S. keep away from making a needed visit to the dentist because of dental anxiety. If you get the jitters each time you think of a dentist, you are not alone. The Green Dental Care team in Parker, CO, understands your concerns, which is why they provide conscious sedation to ease any fear or pain that you may have. This article gives you an overview of what you need to know about conscious sedation dentistry in Parker, CO. What Is Conscious Sedation? Dr. Chris Green explains that conscious sedation refers to the ways through which a dental patient who panics or becomes anxious during a needed procedure can be helped to relax and go through that procedure comfortably. The technique is called conscious sedation because you remain responsive throughout the procedure. The medication simply helps you to relax. This is different from general anesthesia that makes you unconscious until the medication wears off, or its effects are reversed by your Parker, CO dentist at the end of the procedure. What Dental Procedures Can Conscious Sedation Be Used For? Green Dental Care can offer conscious sedation dentistry for patients who feel anxious or have a low pain threshold yet they need to undergo procedures like dental cleanings, cavity treatment, root canals and many other procedures. Discuss your dental fears with Dr. Chris Green, and he will determine your suitability for conscious sedation dentistry. How Are the Sedatives Administered? The drugs used during conscious sedation dentistry can be administered in a variety of ways depending on the specific circumstances of a patient. For example, you may simply inhale the sedative through a mask placed on your face. Alternatively, the dentist in Parker, CO, may give you a pill that you take before your appointment. Some sedatives can be administered by giving you a shot in your arm or butt. If the situation warrants, Dr. Chris Green can also administer the sedative intravenously (using an IV). How Long Do the Drugs Take to Kick In? The mode of administration used has a bearing on how long you will have to wait before you start feeling the effects of the conscious sedation drugs that you have been given. For example, sedatives administered orally could take anywhere between 30-60 minutes after ingestion while those given through an IV line kick in almost immediately. Dr. Chris Green will explain to you how long the sedative you receive will take to kick in before your procedure. Be assured that the professionals at Green Dental Care will not start the dental procedure until they are certain that the sedation is working as expected. How Quickly Does Conscious Sedation Wear Off? One key advantage of conscious sedation over general anesthesia is that conscious sedation wears off quickly. So, most people are able to go back home on their own. However, dentists in Parker, CO usually take the precaution of asking patients who undergo sedation dentistry to have a designated driver. The sedation usually wears off in an hour or so, but some side effects, such as feeling sluggish, could last the rest of the day. What Are the Stages of Conscious Sedation? Your Parker, CO dentist determine the degree to which you will be sedated after talking to you about your dental anxiety and other related factors. Three distinct stages of sedation exist. The first is mild conscious sedation. This minimal sedation is also called anxiolysis. When you are minimally sedated, you become relaxed but remain fully aware of your surroundings and are responsive. The second degree of sedation is moderate sedation. In this stage, you will be sleepy and may lose consciousness, but are still responsive to some extent. Deep conscious sedation is a stage of sedation in which you fall asleep once the medication kicks in, and you will be unresponsive most of the time. This stage of conscious sedation is suitable for people with intense dental phobias. Can I Develop Complications? Like any other medicine, conscious sedation also carries some risks, even if it is considered safe. To minimize these risks, Dr. Chris Green will conduct a detailed evaluation of your overall health before deciding to administer conscious sedation. It is therefore helpful for you to give the Parker, CO dentist your medical history as well as information about any medication and supplements that you are taking. This information will help Dr. Chris Green to design an appropriate plan for the sedation dentistry procedure. He may postpone the treatment if he discovers any circumstance, such as pregnancy, which elevates the risks of undergoing sedation. If you are afraid, apprehensive or anxious, let Dr. Chris Green know. Your Green Dental Care team will use conscious sedation to help you keep your attention focused on your dental health rather than on the discomfort that you experience each time you undergo a dental procedure.
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Efficiency and Productivity Growth in Indian Banking This paper attempts to examine technical efficiency and productivity performance of Indian scheduled commercial banks, for the period 1979-2008. A model is constructed using multiple output/multiple input technology production frontier using semiparametric estimation methods. The endogenity of multiple outputs is addressed by semi parametric estimates in part by introducing multivariate kernel estimators for the joint distribution of the multiple outputs and correlated random effects. Output is measured as the rupee value of total loans and total investments at the end of the year. The estimates provide robust inferences of the productivity and efficiency gains due to economic reforms. [Working Paper No.199]. URL:[http://www.cdedse.org/] References listed on IDEAS Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.: - Kumbhakar, Subal C & Sarkar, Subrata, 2003. " Deregulation, Ownership, and Productivity Growth in the Banking Industry: Evidence from India," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 35(3), pages 403-24, June. - George J. Benston & Gerald A. Hanweck & David B. Humphrey, 1981. "Scale economies in banking: a restructuring and reassessment," Research Papers in Banking and Financial Economics 53, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.). - Benston, George J & Hanweck, Gerald A & Humphrey, David B, 1982. "Scale Economies in Banking: A Restructuring and Reassessment," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 14(4), pages 435-56, November. - H.P. Mahesh & Shashanka Bhide, 2008. "Do Financial Sector Reforms Make Commercial Banks More Efficient? A Parametric Exploration of the Indian Case," Margin: The Journal of Applied Economic Research, National Council of Applied Economic Research, vol. 2(4), pages 415-441, November. - Abhiman Das & K. R. Sanmugam, 2004. "Efficiency of Indian commercial banks during the reform period," - K. R. Shanmugam & A. Das, 2004. "Efficiency of Indian commercial banks during the reform period," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 14(9), pages 681-686. - Sealey, Calvin W, Jr & Lindley, James T, 1977. "Inputs, Outputs, and a Theory of Production and Cost at Depository Financial Institutions," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 32(4), pages 1251-66, September. - Hancock, Diana, 1985. "The Financial Firm: Production with Monetary and Nonmonetary Goods," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 93(5), pages 859-80, October. - Allen N. Berger & Gerald A. Hanweck & David B. Humphrey, 1986. "Competitive viability in banking: scale, scope, and product mix economies," Research Papers in Banking and Financial Economics 82, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.). - Berger, Allen N. & Hanweck, Gerald A. & Humphrey, David B., 1987. "Competitive viability in banking : Scale, scope, and product mix economies," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 20(3), pages 501-520, December. - Schmidt, Peter & Sickles, Robin C, 1984. "Production Frontiers and Panel Data," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 2(4), pages 367-74, October. - Mamalakis, Markos J, 1987. "The Treatment of Interest and Financial Intermediaries in the National Accounts: The Old "Bundle" versus the New "Unbundle" Approach," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 33(2), pages 169-92, June. - Allen N. Berger & David B. Humphrey, 1990. "Measurement and efficiency issues in commercial banking," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 151, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.). - Allen N. Berger & David B. Humphrey, 1992. "Measurement and Efficiency Issues in Commercial Banking," NBER Chapters, in: Output Measurement in the Service Sectors, pages 245-300 National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. - Abhiman Das & Ashok Nag & Subhash Ray, 2004. "Liberalization, Ownership, and Efficiency in Indian Banking: A Nonparametric Approach," Working papers 2004-29, University of Connecticut, Department of Economics. - Bhattacharyya, Arunava & Lovell, C. A. K. & Sahay, Pankaj, 1997. "The impact of liberalization on the productive efficiency of Indian commercial banks," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 98(2), pages 332-345, April. - Pitt, Mark M. & Lee, Lung-Fei, 1981. "The measurement and sources of technical inefficiency in the Indonesian weaving industry," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 9(1), pages 43-64, August. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:4359. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc. For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: (Padma Prakash) If references are entirely missing, you can add them using this form.
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We are standing before the grave marker of Rabbi Isaac Luria. Rabbi Luria, who is better known as the Ari, is the illustrious founder of modern Kabalah. Ari, which means lion, is an acronym meaning the Master Rabbi Isaac. The Ari taught in Tzfat during the 16th century, the most notable paragon of a mystical tradition transplanted by Spanish Jews fleeing the Inquisition. These Jews brought with them the text and the study of the Zohar, a mystical text attributed by legend to Rabbi Shimon Bar Yochai of the 2nd century. Most contemporary scholars believe that the text was actually written by Rabbi Moshe de Leon who discovered it in the 15th century. The Ari was the most notable exponent and commentator on this obscure text, and his charisma and scholarship spurred the development of entirely new avenues of mystical exploration, often referred to today as Lurianic Kabbala in his honor. The Jewish community of Tzfat has been noted since the Middle Ages for its intellectual contributions, especially in the realm of Jewish mysticism where the influence of the residents of Tzfat is unparalleled. In fact, the first printing press in all of Asia was set up by the scholars of Tzfat in 1563. Tzfat has long attracted spiritual and artistic pilgrims due to its location and its general ambience, and this tradition continues to the present day. Upon his death, the Ari's body was purified in the mikve (ritual bath) which he had frequented in his life, (and which lies at the bottom of the metal staircase which you can see to your right), and interred in this very place. As you continue to look out over this ancient cemetery in which many great Jewish heroes and scholars were buried (including the prophet Hosea) you will notice the bright blue with which many of the markers have been painted. According to a tradition common to Muslims as well as Jews of Spanish extraction, this shade of blue is effective in warding off the evil eye and keeping evil spirits from plaguing the rest of the dead...or the lives of the living. Tzfat is one of the four holy cities of Israel according to the Jewish mystical tradition. The other three are Jerusalem, Tiberias and Hevron, which are associated with the primal elements fire, water and earth respectively. Tzfat is the city of air, which can be well understood given its position high in the hills of the Galil. In modern Israel, it is sometimes referred to as the capital of the Upper Galil, although this is somewhat misleading given Tzfat's relatively small size and easy-going lifestyle. Tzfat could certainly be considered a capital for famous graves. Most of the modern city is located over the hill behind the tomb of the Ari, and so it cannot be seen from this vantage point. Tzfat is one of the few cities in Israel that has seen continuous Jewish habitation for many hundreds of years. In fact, according to a local legend, the only Jewish family to have continuously inhabited the Land of Israel from the destruction of the second Temple until the establishment of the modern State of Israel made its home in the nearby village of Peki'in. Moving past the modern buildings, you can see a row of high mountains called the Mountains of Meron. The farthest peak to the right is Mount Meron, reputed to be the burial site of Rabbi Shimon Bar Yochai. Its proximity to Tzfat was one of the most compelling forces that drew the concentration of Spanish mystics and helped to give Tzfat its unique character.
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Oxfam has called for the public release of the transcript of Christine Lagarde’s interview with the IMF Board Oxfam’s Sarah Wynn-Williams said: “This farcical appointment process has damaged the IMF’s credibility. There were noises made about openness, but the decision was made before the candidates were interviewed. The hearings should have been transparent and public. Now, at the very least, the world needs to know what Lagarde was asked, and what she promised to do as head of this global institution.” In reaction to US backing of Lagarde, Oxfam America President Raymond C. Offenheiser said: “The process to replace Dominique Strauss Kahn as Managing Director of the IMF has been extremely disappointing. “The Obama Administration could have stepped up and welcomed emerging powers taking a leadership role in the IMF, as it has done in encouraging the G20 process, signaling a willingness to enter into partnerships in global governance. But it chose instead to be quiet about the disenfranchisement of emerging markets and developing countries in this process and jump on the European bandwagon at the very last minute. “The influential role of the First Deputy Managing Director of the IMF, traditionally filled by an American, will also be up for grabs in August. There’s a risk that this too will be a ritualistic rather than contestable appointment process unless the US seizes the opportunity to step up and address the democratic deficit in the IMF’s governance. “Going forward, the Obama Administration must use its voting share on the IMF Board and the power of veto to back reforms that reduce the Europe’s dominance, and give other member countries more of a voice. “Allowing emerging markets a say that accords with their rising global influence will only benefit the institution. If the US and EU continue to hold on to power through structures that reflect an obsolete economic and political world order of years past, the rising powers will inevitably turn away from the organization and toward institutions where they do have a voice.” + + + + + The IMF has had a 'governance reform' process underway for the last few years, just moving around tiny percentages of developing country Board quotas. They agreed to “adopt an open, merit-based and transparent process for the selection of IMF management.” http://www.imf.org/external/np/cm/2009/100409.htm This confirmed a 2008 G20 commitment made in Pittsburgh that “the heads and senior leadership of all international institutions should be appointed through an open, transparent and merit-based process.” http://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/g20/summit-sommet/g20/declaration_092509.aspx
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GRIME TIME: MC Crazy Titch who features on the cover of the book is currently serving a life sentence for murder MUSIC IS often more than the words of a song, or the notes in a score. It can be a movement or a way of life. In the early Noughties, the sound of inner city London clawed its way through the council estates of areas like Bow, east London, to slap the mainstream in the face. Grime music was the evolution of Garage – perhaps a coup d’etat is more fitting. Artists like Wiley, Dizzee Rascal, and Kano elbowed the Ayia Napa party boy MCs out of the way, hungry to have their time on the mic and in the spotlight. Photographer Simon Wheatley has recently published his first book Don’t Call Me Urban! The Time of Grime, a series of striking images spanning 12 years and features some of the genre’s key players. It captures the environment that gave birth to Britain’s "most significant and controversial musical expression since punk", according to the book’s blurb and has already sold more than 2,000 copies of its first print run. Wheatley said: "The book was something that grew as I went into it, originally as a social experiment in the late Nineties looking at inner city architecture like Lambeth Walk during a controversial regeneration scheme. "The more I got into that world the more fascinated I was by the social dynamic. I was drawn in by the music, the young people and their lives. They were living in a concrete jungle and were becoming animalistic, just running wild. "I chose the title because I think it works on several levels. There’s the urban identity that is pushed by advertisers: it’s all about being cool; a trend everyone wants to buy into. But not every black person is Dizzee Rascal and Tinie Tempah – to be born urban is a very difficult social reality. "I wanted to take a deeper look at the reality of being 'urban' on a council estate. The mainstream media can be inclined to a very shallow depiction, for example, a group of youths on a street corner become something negative, they could be a group of friends who are students. "The book is also an appeal to people within the book to take a look at themselves and say: 'What is this life we’re living? It’s madness.'"
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Too often we aren’t just busy with school, work, family and a social life, but overwhelmed and hardly have a second alone with ourselves during the waking hours and are weighed down by stress, anxiety and/or depression. When we aren’t working, studying, or surrounded by people, we are often thinking about work, studying or the people in our lives. Our minds are always busy and are often filled with thoughts that are either disturbing or distracting. I especially make this recommendation to people I see aren’t in touch with themselves. Often these people are fresh out of relationships are are anxious to jump right back into a new one without taking the time to evaluate themselves and their failed relationships so they make the same mistakes over and over again. If they are lucky they escape unscathed, but more often then not they leave one relationship and enter another with more emotional baggage, lower self-value, more desperation and often an extra child or two. Often when I suggest to people that they spend some time alone and not rush into another relationship (or surround themselves with people or bury themselves in work, or their family), it’s as if I asked them to do the impossible. Some will come right out and tell me “I can’t be alone”. Others will say that it’s depressing being alone and others will try it half-heartedly, but are so insecure and fearful that they are easily distracted by whatever takes them away from themselves. You see, there is a difference between loneliness and solitude. Not many people understand that and easily confuse the two. Loneliness is a sort of aching, emotional pain, while solitude refers to our relationship with ourselves. Loneliness is painful. Solitude is peaceful. Solitude is a place where our restless mind, spirit and body can come together and is essential for our spiritual lives. I at times find solitude difficult and have went through many extremes to avoid it, but I know that solitude can be peaceful, loving and rewarding. It is the place where if we allow it, by shutting out all the internal noise, we become closer to our true consciousnesses (some spiritual/religious people refer to this as God consciousness where they become closer to God). This is the place where our subconscious often brings into consciousness our unfinished business, people we should let go, goals we never accomplished, etc. Some people find it painful to analyze themselves and I get that, but it is essential for growth and internal peace. Many people don’t like to be alone because of this. It is impossible for someone to be at peace with others and their world if they aren’t at peace with themselves and that can only come from solitude. Like I said, many people go, go, go, and get into relationship after relationship to distract themselves from themselves in order to avoid some of the pain of having to analyze their true selves. I encourage you to learn to love solitude. Even when it’s involuntary. Aloneness can grow into solitude, it’s a conscious choice and it takes some practice, but it’s spiritually and emotionally rewarding. I don’t care if it’s only an hour, thirty minutes, a walk during your break time, but make time for yourself. Try to shut out all the internal noise and allow your mind, spirit and body to become one. You may be surprised at what you find. Time by yourself is always time well spent. “Solitude is the garden for our hearts which yearn for love. It is the place where our aloneness can bear fruit.” –Henri J. M. Nouwen; Michael Ford. The Dance of Life: Weaving Sorrows and Blessings Into One Joyful Step
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ABSTRACT. Postage stamps are a very political, territorially grounded and yet overlooked part of visual culture. We argue that the mundane omnipresence of stamps gives them considerable nation-building power and makes them exemplary tools of what Michael Billig calls ‘banal nationalism.’ By focusing on the socially constructed visual qualities of stamps, we argue that their ‘reading’ as political, socioculturally and territorially specific texts offers valuable insights into the evolution and outlook of the issuing state and the ‘imagined community’ within its boundaries. Our examination of 1 457 stamps issued in continental Finland between 1917 and 2000 shows how the desired visual representation of the Finnish state, nation and society has evolved over time, along with the changing outlook of the national elite, its relationship with ordinary citizens and the country's geopolitical context. The stamps illustrate how the state's focus shifted from war to peace, Finland's economy diversified and specialized, and the Finns reached a relatively high level of social welfare and equality. The myth of Finland's cultural homogeneity remained strikingly strong despite dramatic changes in Finland's cultural make-up, suggesting that not only presence but also absence of a narrative from a visual scene can be strongly meaningful. Over the course of the twentieth century, Finnish nationalism grew increasingly ‘banal’ and inclusive in character, but the stamps maintained their central role in citizenship education. Our findings promote the use of postage stamps in the teaching and research of political geography and identity-political iconographies.
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What if your work environment could detect your mood and support/change it? What if your computer could potentially warn you not to make big decisions when it senses you are not in the correct mood state? The goal of this project was to investigate the feasibility of such a system: an unobtrusive (i.e. users are not hooked up to heart rate or skin conductivity monitors) mood recognition system. While studying body postures in relation to mood is not a new concept, none of the studies had focused on natural postures in a natural environment over a long course of time. They had only focused on overexaggerated actor portrayals during short (2-3 second) intervals. We utilized mood inducing music and studied the effect on the naturalistic displays of certain body posture features over 8 minutes. The correlation data would then inform design decisions on building a device that would detect a user's mood via the display of body posture features. Breakdown of the total time in seconds for the head tapping/no tapping features were displayed during Negative Low (NL) and Positive High (PH) mood induction. Since this was a novel research arena, I first needed to understand 1) which body posture were relevant and 2) how I would measure them. I also had the added constraint of the video data: the angle and capture limited the features that could be included. After scouring previous mood/posture research papers, I developed and validated a coding system. The final group of postural data included ratings for head, shoulders, trunk, arms, head tapping, and hand tapping features. The total time each posture was displayed per minute for each video was exported and analyzed using my new best friend, SPSS. Understanding the data Now the fun part: the results showed that the majority of the postural features investigated were displayed at a statistically significant level during the two mood states (happy vs. sad). Furthermore, the head tapping feature was exclusively shown during the positive high energy mood state- which means that one could deduce the mood of the user solely by the display of this feature! A patent was filed in relation to this finding- informing the design of products that could detect the users mood through headbanging. There is still a lot to learn in relation to posture and unobtrusive mood detection. This study was the first step to understanding if we can detect natural postures in a natural environment and how we could combine these measures to provide a very powerful recognition accuracy. These exciting, groundbreaking results were published in the Affective Computing and Intelligent Interactions conference in 2011. Beyond that, I filed a patent and was granted the patent as main inventor/author. If you are interested in working with me or would just like to say hello, please get in touch. Looking forward to hearing from you!
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When US president Reagan entered office in 1981 he immediately believed that in order to achieve peace with the Soviets, he needed to 'talk tough' to the Russians, taking a firm anti-communist line in Central America and the Middle East, dramatically escalating the arms race and thus seeking a clear shift away from détente. A few years later when Mikhail Gorbachev was appointed as the Soviet leader in March 1985, Reagan immediately sought after good relations with the new and younger leader, but he made sure they would be on his terms, in order for him to re-assert America's dominance on a world stage. The United States, in the years before and during the Reagan presidency, underwent a revolution in high technology that the Soviets could not match. The Soviet system was under pressure from Reagan's defence build up and deployment of medium-range missiles in Europe, the CIA-backed Mujaheddin fighting Soviet forces in Afghanistan and Reagan's proposed missile defence system, the Strategic Defence Initiative. Reagan also challenged Soviet regional power in several conflicts from Nicaragua to Angola and lent support to the Polish dissident movement. These final battles of the Cold War shaped Reagan's foreign policy, including his determination to support rebels fighting Nicaragua's ruling Sandinistas, a Marxist group, in the 1980s. In Reagan's second term, it was disclosed that he had bypassed congressional restrictions on aiding the rebels, known as the contras, in part by diverting $3.8 million from the secret sale of 2,000 antitank missiles to Iran. Early in his presidency, when he called the Soviet Union the "focus of evil in the modern world," Reagan's actions generated suspicion and paranoia among the aging leaders in Moscow. As the U.S. military build up accelerated, the superpowers came closer to a confrontation than at any time since the...
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National Pathology Week (NPW) is our annual celebration of pathology, when we highlight the important contribution pathologists make to healthcare. Working in partnership with pathologists and laboratory scientists, our programme of events and activities aims to engage people of all ages, and improve public awareness and understanding of how pathologists and scientists diagnose disease. We welcome pathology-related events and activities of all sizes, and various formats (including online!), in our nationwide programme – we’ve got lots of ideas and free resources to help with planning and delivering great activities. National Pathology Week 2022 National Pathology Week 2022 ran from 20 – 26 June. We've moved the celebrations from November to June as part of the College's Diamond Jubilee. The theme was 'Pathology: past, present and future'. Find out about the free NPW College-led events using the links below. - Monday 20 June, 6.30-7.30pm BST - 'Pathology: past, present and future' panel discussion - Tuesday 21 June - the College's 60th birthday and Foundation lecture by Professor Jonathan Van-Tam - Wednesday 22 June, 6.30-8pm BST - virtual pub quiz for medical and biomedical undergraduates - Thursday 23 June, 5-6pm BST - RCPath Book Club featuring Stuck by Professor Heidi J. Larson - Friday 24 June, 5.30-7pm BST - virtual pub quiz for veterinary undergraduates - Saturday 25 June, 11am-12pm BST - Family pathology-inspired origami workshop with Dr Lizzie Burns Watch the recordings of our NPW 2022 events Organise your own NPW activities and events Here are some ideas of activities you can run during National Pathology Week. - Set up a stall in your hospital or university to showcase what your team does. You can order free RCPath promotional materials here. - Run a hands-on activity for your local community. Check out our free resources and activity packs here. - Give a careers talk to your local schools or universities. Have a look at our 'how to' guide for more details. - Run a lab tour Share your NPW photos with us on Twitter - tag us @RCPath and use the hashtags #RCPath60 and #PathologyWeek Download our 2022 NPW design assets A look back at National Pathology Week 2021 NPW 2021 ran from 1 to 7 November. We ran a virtual programme again this year and supported member-led events of all sizes and formats. Our theme for 2021: ‘All Together Now’ This National Pathology Week (NPW) our theme was ‘All Together Now’. We invited healthcare teams, medical students, schools, community groups and families to interpret our theme in creative ways with their events and activities - from the teamwork used by healthcare workers and communities in the fight against COVID-19, to the strength of the 17 pathology specialities working together to diagnose, prevent and treat diseases. There were many events around the UK and beyond and we'd like to thanks all those who were involved. Our online programme for NPW 2021 aimed to reach a range of audiences this November. - RCPath Book Club. Our popular Book Club panel-discussion series returned, with a special NPW event on 1 November. The event featured 'Ten Drugs: Plants, How Pills and Powders Have Shaped the History of Medicine' by Thomas Hager. We also worked with the Social Mobility Foundation and the Royal Veterinary College, along with some of our members to deliver events for both university and school students. Our popular Virtual Pathology Careers Talks for 13 to 18 year-olds featured interactive talks and Q&A sessions with some of our members who had attended public engagement training to develop their talks. We also held a special webinar event for RCPath members with the founder of Harvey's Gang, Malcolm Robinson and two 'Virtual Pub Quizzes' for medical, biomedical and veterinary students.
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Fishing on the Kenai River this weekend, area anglers have just as much of a chance of catching lawn furniture as they do a fish. The river, which has been subsiding from high water levels in late July and early August, shot back up over the past weekend. While river levels should be on their way back down by the weekend, the movement of silvers and sockeye in the river channels has again been changed. That may not be a bad thing though. Lynn Smith, a program technician with the Department of Fish and Game in Soldotna, said angler reports have indicated there's still good sockeye fishing in the upper Kenai. She also said the Russian River remains a good option as it has not been impacted by the high water levels. "Sockeye fishing in the upper Kenai and Russian River is excellent," she said. While silver fishing has been good to most anglers on the Kenai, the constant fluctuation of water levels means the fish are likely to be changing their travel lanes by the day in some places. The fish may be swimming in areas that are normally well above water this time of year. This means throwing hardware is a potentially good bet. Target areas were you see grassy banks, backwater sloughs and debris hanging out in the water. There's a good chance you'll fund a silver resting in areas like these, and with the right presentation, you may entice a strike. The increased water turbidity adds a challenge, as does the large amount of debris that's heading down river for those fishing from boats. Remember that silvers are skittish and should be fished for much as one might hunt. Stealth and surprise are perhaps the two best assets an angler has with silvers. Always approach suspected holes slowly and quietly to avoid spooking them. If dropping anchor, do so as discreetly as possible. Silvers are known to be very sensitive to noise. Last weekend's rain was good news on the Anchor River. Nicky Szarzi, the Department of Fish and Game management biologist in Homer, said a shot of fish went up the Anchor on Saturday after rainfall sent the river level up. Since the weekend, she said the fishing's fallen off some and only a few fish have been filtering in by the day. Another rise in water levels there will likely send more fish up the river though, so keep your eye on the weather. Szarzi said fishing on the Ninilchik River and Deep Creek has also been decent. Anglers have found less success on the Homer Spit. "It's slow on the spit, sadly," Szarzi said, of silver fishing in the Nick Dudiak Fishing Lagoon. She said the late run fish are expected to return anytime though, and are normally coming in thick this time of year. In Cook Inlet, silver fishing has been decent. "People are going way out and limiting out," Szarzi said. Anglers are running about 25 miles out into the central inlet, Szarzi reported. Trout fishermen and women should be starting to think about gearing up for the fall season. While the current water conditions on the Kenai may not be ideal yet, other area rivers are still good bets, as are the many area lakes and ponds. c c c Fish photos, tales, comments and recipes can be e-mailed to firstname.lastname@example.org, or submitted on the Tight Lines Web page by visitng www.peninsulaclarion.com and following the Tight Lines link. Look for a photo gallery and great fishing information on the Tight Lines page. © 2017. All Rights Reserved. | Contact Us
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The holidays can be tough if you’re trying to lose weight. Temptation is everywhere, and it’s hard to say no, especially when everyone around you is indulging. But with the right mentality, you can stay healthy and maintain a healthy weight during the holiday season. Even if you’re in good shape, the holidays are tricky for most people. Even those of us with the strongest will power can find eating right a challenge when surrounded by sugary and fatty foods everywhere you go. From huge holiday feasts, to office parties, there’s no shortage of tempting challenges to your diet this time of year! The trick to staying slim throughout the holiday season is two-fold: eat plenty of the right foods, and get plenty of the right exercise. According to this certified nutritionist, these veggies are 3 examples of good foods to include in your diet this month. I bet you didn’t know that there is a specific class of vegetables that contain very unique phytonutrients that actually help to fight against stubborn belly fat. Let me explain what these unique vegetables are and why they help to burn stomach fat… Chemicals that force your body to hold onto belly fat Something you may have never heard about is that certain chemicals in our food supply and our environment, such as pesticides, herbicides, and certain petrochemicals from air and water pollution, household cleaners, plastics, cosmetics, etc can react with your hormones and make your body store excess abdominal fat. These harmful chemicals are known as xenoestrogens. Xenoestrogens are chemicals that you are exposed to (and are hard to avoid in the modern world) that have an estrogenic effect in your body. Excess exposure to these can cause hormone balance disruptions for both men and women. So if you thought this article was just for the guys, these chemicals can wreak havoc in the body for both guys and gals. These estrogenic chemicals that we are exposed to on a daily basis can stimulate your body to store belly fat, along with many other problems (including cancer risks in the long term). So here’s where this specific class of vegetables comes in handy… One of those cool tricks that I teach my clients that hire me for nutritional counseling is the use of cruciferous vegetables to help fight against stomach fat. Read more here: http://holistichealthwire.com/fat-burning-veggies.html
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Category: How To Train Your Dragon Reviews Posted by: admin Bottom Line: A lively though disjointed 3D cartoon that never quite entices an audience to invest emotionally in its fantasy world. How to Train Your Dragon -- Film Review Article Date: March 11, 2010 | Publication: Hollywood Reporter | Author: Kirk Honeycutt Source: Hollywood Reporter "How to Train Your Dragon" pits dragons against Vikings with one small child standing between them crying, "Why can't we all just get along?" The Vikings are all brawn and matted, bushy hair -- and there's an implication of not much brains -- while the dragons are a menagerie of fierce flying, fire-belching, multitasking creatures that fear and are feared in equal measure. From this, DreamWorks Animation tries to fashion a 3D movie that will intrigue kids and adults alike but might play raggedly in both camps. Despite its jocular title, the film contains intense action scenes and violence, enough so that small children supplied a background of cries at one recent screening. Nonetheless, opening week should find long lines in front of cinemas. How favorably youngsters respond to the dragons might determine what kind of legs the cartoon eventually will achieve. The film is directed by Chris Sanders and Dean DeBlois, who did the marvelous "Lilo & Stitch." In many ways, it's the same movie: A child adopts, then tames a lethal creature. But the intimacy and pop culture references of the "Lilo & Stitch" story are jettisoned in favor of ancient warriors and mythical creatures that feel remote. It's hard to form a rooting interest in either Vikings or dragons. More curious from an animation standpoint are the dull human characters. They are plastic creatures that look like ads for children's dolls. Most of the male Vikings come off as no-neck athletes on steroids. The youngsters look closer to cartoon humans, and at least they come in different sizes, with our protagonist and a valiant young Viking girl who catches his eye being downright skinny. What are they eating that everyone else is not? The centerpiece of the movie is a developing friendship between a Viking boy, Hiccup (voiced by Jay Baruchel), and a dragon nicknamed Toothless. By befriending rather than killing a wounded dragon -- as tradition and genes should dictate -- Hiccup realizes that everything his elders know about dragons is wrong. Dragons are trainable, peaceable and affectionate. But try telling that to tribal elders or your father (Gerard Butler) -- who just happens to be the chief -- or even that friendly dragon master (Craig Ferguson, thickening that Scottish brogue even more if such a thing were possible). There are side issues here for the young protagonist, who tries to win over his dad and a young Viking girl (America Ferrera) while not embarrassing himself in front of other Viking teens. It's all standard-issue coming-of-age stuff. Recasting the formula in a Nordic neverland doesn't freshen things up much. The film's calling card is action. The extended battles and flying sequences -- Hiccup trains Toothless to allow the boy to ride him with a saddle -- provide plenty of thrills. Indeed, the directors and their animation team really seem to perk up during these bravado sequences. Otherwise, the visual element is disappointing. Beyond the plasticity of the humans, the world of the story feels sketchy at best. The cold, glum Norse Isle of Berk, where everyone lives -- borrowed from a book series by British author Cressida Cowell -- grows wearisome, and its other world, that of the dinosaurs, never comes to life. There is a wide array of dragons flying through the air, but the film introduces them so quickly that you never know one from the other. The film treats them with ambivalence as the animators can't decide between ferocity or cuddliness. Toothless has a kind of feline look, and the others look like they belong in a Chinatown parade. "Dragon" reps a solid effort from DreamWorks, but the audience perhaps feels the effort more than it should. Category: How To Train Your Dragon Reviews Posted by: admin Bottom Line: A lively though disjointed 3D cartoon that never quite entices an audience to invest emotionally in its fantasy world.
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Alternatives For Girls is always actively seeking motivated mentors, who are ready to make an impact and fully embrace the girls and young women we serve. Mentoring relationships are a shared opportunity for learning and growth. AFG aims to match all of its Asset Building program participants with a mentor. Asset Building is a program within the Prevention Program, and it helps girls and young women find self-esteem, improve grade-point average, reject drugs and alcohol, pregnancy prevention, and discover untapped talents. These are some of the experiences girls have as they build their character on a foundation of positive choices. Steps to becoming a mentor - Must be 18 years or older - Commit to at least one year - Complete various background checks Benefits of being a mentor - Have fun - Personal growth and development - Making a difference in the life of youth - Monthly mentor training and mentor-mentee events - Gain a better understanding of other cultures and develop a greater appreciation for diversity For more information regarding mentorship opportunities, please email Christina Ramsey at firstname.lastname@example.org.
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Mon, Jan 23, 2017 at noon: Decline of cash assistance and child well-being, Luke Shaefer Bailey, Martha J. 2013. "Fifty Years of Family Planning: New Evidence on the Long-Run Effects of Increasing Access to Contraception." PSC Research Report No. 13-806. 10 2013. This paper assembles new evidence on some of the longer-term consequences of U.S. family planning policies, defined in this paper as those increasing legal or financial access to modern contraceptives. The analysis leverages two large policy changes that occurred during the 1960s and 1970s: first, the interaction of the birth control pill's introduction with Comstock-era restrictions on the sale of contraceptives and the repeal of these laws after Griswold v. Connecticut in 1965; and second, the expansion of federal funding for local family planning programs from 1964 to 1973. Building on previous research that demonstrates both policies' effects on fertility rates, I find suggestive evidence that individuals' access to contraceptives increased their children's college completion, labor force participation, wages, and family incomes decades later. Country of focus: United States of America.
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Black Sea, but would still speed up contentious exploration in the Mediterranean that has pitted it against Greece and the EU. Turkey hopes the discovery can help wean it off imported energy, including from Russia, which comes at a high cost at a time when the local currency is weakening and the economy is more fragile because of the coronavirus. Erdogan said the 320-billion-cubic-metre deep sea find was made at a site Turkish vessel Fatih began exploring last month. He added that he hoped to see the first gas reach Turkish consumers in 2023, the 100th anniversary of the birth of the modern republic. “Turkey made the biggest discovery of natural gas in its history in the Black Sea,” a delighted Erdogan said during a speech in Istanbul’s Dolmabahce Palace. “My Lord has opened the door to unprecedented wealth for us,” he enthused. The Fatih, Turkey’s first drilling vessel, is named after Fatih Sultan Mehmet, the Ottoman Sultan who conquered Constantinople — current-day Istanbul — in 1453. The vessel made the discovery in the Tuna-1 field off the coast of Eregli town in the northern province of Zonguldak after beginning the search on July 20, Erdogan said. The Turkish lira gained value against the dollar on Erdogan’s promise on Wednesday to report “good news” on Friday, but fell after the size of the find was less than half of that suggested in initial reports. Analysts were also wary of overplaying the discovery’s significance, pointing out that deep sea drilling is expensive and takes time. “There are reasons to be cautious,” said Jason Tuvey, senior emerging markets economist at Capital Economics. “For one thing, it will take time for the necessary infrastructure to be put in place before the gas can be extracted,” he said in a research note. Tuvey added “the boost to Turkey’s external position may only be temporary.” Ozgur Unluhisarcikli, Ankara director of the German Marshall Fund, tweeted the discovery was “not bad at all (but) not a game changer either.” The volume of gas announced by Erdogan would cover Turkey’s total natural gas needs for six years, at current consumption rates. Turkish Finance Minister and Erdogan’s son-in-law, Berat Albayrak, speaking aboard the Fatih, said the discovery and future potential finds could reduce Turkey’s import-heavy trade balance by cutting its high energy import bill. Turkey’s energy import bill corresponded to two percent of total economic output last year, according to Capital Economics, with most purchases coming from Russia, Iran and Iraq. Turkey’s Energy Market Regulatory Authority said in January the country’s annual cost of energy imports was between $12 billion and $13 billion (10.2-11.1 billion euros). This month, Erdogan ordered the resumption of controversial energy exploration off the southern coast close to a Greek island in disputed eastern Mediterranean waters. The issue has put Turkey on a collision course with Greece, Cyprus and the European Union, and exacerbated tensions with France, which has stepped up its military presence in the region. But Erdogan showed no sign of yielding to the EU’s repeated call to immediately end the eastern Mediterranean search. “We will accelerate our activities in the Mediterranean with the deployment by the end of the year of (drilling ship) Kanuni, which is currently under maintenance,” he said. “God willing we expect similar good news,” Erdogan added. Turkey dispatched the seismic research ship Oruc Reis accompanied by warships to the region on August 10, angering Greece who said the move threatened peace.
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As fall athletic competitions heat up, most coaches have laid out the season’s training program to include a taper period, especially in endurance sports. Even taper before a 5K running race is recommended. The pre-tapering training and training during the period may vary by athlete and sport. Length of taper may vary from a period of a week or more. If you have been using PowerLung regularly in the 3 sets of 10 breaths 2 times a day program, along with warm up before and warm down after training, you can continue this training during your taper phase. This allows you to maintain, without overloading, your respiratory muscles. You can also continue the warm up and warm down routine. If you have taken advantage of PowerLung’s flexibility and added PowerLung sport specific training, then you will likely want to eliminate this during your taper phase. Examples of sport specific training can be found in the User Tips section under Community. Both the advanced breath holding and sprint laps training are examples of the type of additional training you would likely want to decrease during taper. During taper you may expect some decrease in the endurance fitness of your breathing muscles just as you normally do when working your other muscle groups, but your actual breathing endurance may increase. Studies show that when you resume your training phase, you may notice an increase in the endurance of your breathing muscles. However, you may want to resist the urge to try to increase your resistance, and instead stay with the same resistance levels and introduce some of the sport specific training back into your program. When you train with PowerLung, you are training muscles just as you do with the rest of your training program. The respiratory muscles need the same opportunity to rebuild as other muscle groups in your body. Taper period can be an important part of making sure your body is able to achieve optimum levels of important chemicals for your muscles to perform at their best.
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By JoAnn Greco Friday, February 19, 2010; WE21 Its distinctive, wisteria-like white flowers won't bloom until early summer, but the towering yellowwood at Philadelphia's Bartram's Garden is still a majestic sight. Planted more than 200 years ago, the tree holds pride of place just outside the stone house that naturalist John Bartram built with his own hands. The chance to walk through the garden's winter-hushed woods, which slope down to the Schuylkill River, is new this year. Usually closed until April, the garden will be open during much of the Philadelphia International Flower Show in celebration of its selection as the showcase exhibit of the city's park system. Coming on the heels of record snowstorms in Philly and Washington, the flower show, which opens Feb. 28, presents the perfect chance for the 250,000 who attend each year to start dreaming of spring. It also calls for a pilgrimage or two to a few of the 40-odd botanical gardens and arboretums that make the region one of the premier sites in the world for gardening enthusiasts. For many of them, horticultural tourism begins, quite literally, at Bartram's Garden. Bartram purchased this land -- originally about 300 acres -- in 1728 to establish what became America's first botanic garden. Traveling from Florida to Lake Ontario and as far west as the Mississippi River as King George III's royal botanist, Bartram brought back indigenous trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants. Today the site, which was visited by George Washington, Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin, is just 45 acres and is surrounded by rowhouses and power lines in a rundown, formerly industrial neighborhood three miles southwest of downtown. No matter: The historic trees (including the country's oldest ginkgo), plots of just-emerging bulbs and an old stone cider press next to the river easily overpower their urban setting. Bartram began a "long history of exploration that's intrinsic to why the Philadelphia region is so rich in public gardens," says Jane Pepper, president of the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, the flower show's presenter. This year, a special exhibit at the show, "An Explorer's Garden," examines that history. It's filled with the descendants of exotic plants brought back from expeditions conducted by early adventurers from Philadelphia. One of these is a five-foot-tall vessel fern, originally discovered in New Zealand in the late 1830s by U.S. Navy Lt. Charles Wilkes and later used to form the core of our national Botanic Garden. The area's best-known public garden, Longwood Gardens, has its own long research history. It has sponsored or embarked upon about 50 field trips, and visitors to the show can see the products of that labor, including the now-ubiquitous New Guinea impatiens, as well as the unusual blue poppy. The estate dates from the 1680s, but it was Pierre du Pont who in the early 1900s created the world-renowned network of formal gardens and fountains, as well as the massive conservatory. Through March, that structure will be enlivened with the hottest of hothouse blooms during an "Orchid Extravaganza," which sees dendrobiums and phalaenopsis, lady slippers and oncidium dancing their way out of pots, down walls and around columns. Less formal than Longwood, but not nearly as rustic as Bartram's Garden, Morris Arboretum offers stately lawns shaded by great cherry trees, magnolias and conifers. Because it's owned by the University of Pennsylvania, it, too, has conducted horticultural research around the world. The flower show's Explorer's Garden will include some of these recent finds, such as several varieties of rhododendrons. The arboretum's signature is its exquisitely restored Victorian fernery, the only remaining one of its kind in North America. In chilly weather, this curving glass conservatory offers a sultry haven of greenery. The Morris also maintains a collection of outdoor sculpture; its flock of Cor-ten steel "Cotswold Sheep" grazing in a meadow is particularly beloved. Visitors can seek them out while embarking on a treasure hunt for the arboretum's varied array of witch hazels, the vivid colors and heady scents of which are early harbingers of spring. If mere hints of warmth are too tame -- well, that's what the flower show, in all its forced-growth glory, is for. Not only does the addition of the word "international" to its official name emphasize that this is indeed the largest indoor flower show in the world, it shines a spotlight on some mighty hot climes. At the show, the bougainvillea is always in bloom and the sun always shines, but this year, a South African tableau glows with Zulu hues and textures; jasmine-scented vignettes re-create an Indian wedding; and a Brazilian rainforest comes alive with the caws of parrots from the Philadelphia Zoo. Shops and food stands, too, promise an international bent, as does the entertainment, which includes samba and a Bollywood extravaganza. Spring may be just a few weeks away, but in Philadelphia, the sizzle of summer is already in the air. Greco, a freelance writer in Philadelphia, is the editor of TheCityTraveler.com.
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The Real Problem Underlying the Global Nuclear Conundrum The nuclear threat has always been and continues to be a formidable and perplexing problem. Surrounding and intertwined in this debate is a set of complex and often opaque issues. The nuclear debate is about global and regional issues, as well as moral and technological factors. Domestic political considerations as well as geopolitical dynamics also are present. However, psychological factors, such as mutual mistrust and insecurity, lie at the foundation of it all (this is so with the U.S. and China, and is keenly on display in the nuclearized Indo-Pakistan conflict). The more recent nuclear weapons proliferators (notably, Pakistan, North Korea, and then nuclear aspirant Iran) tend to receive the lion’s share of attention in policy debates and the public discourse. Indeed, there is little disagreement that these newer nuclear powers are a major part of the problem of our global nuclear conundrum. But they are not the core issue. The real problem that keeps the world mired in a state of perpetual global nuclear insecurity is the intransigence of the earlier nuclear powers, namely, the United States and Russia. Until these two national actors, along with ascendant military power China, are pressed to disavow their goals of global nuclear hegemony, we shall remain mired in this nuclear dilemma. Confusion, conflict, and non-cooperation, which have come to define contemporary US domestic affairs, are increasingly the hallmarks of global affairs a quarter-century after the end of the Cold War. Our country, previously the guarantor of the post-WWII political and economic order, the world’s first nuclear weapons state, and then the leading actor in guiding post-Cold War affairs, is leading the way, especially during the Donald J. Trump era, in deconstructing whatever level of global governance that has been put in place. Observer Richard Haass writes of the “disarray” that has arisen from the unravelling of international agreements and alliances and the overall abdication of American leadership and regional and global engagement.1 This trend cannot be disputed. Since the end of the Cold War and under two Republican presidents, the United States has removed itself from important bilateral and multilateral accords -- the Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty, the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) Agreement, the Paris Climate Agreement, the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA, also known as the Iran nuclear agreement), and probably soon to come, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). These moves are being made while U.S. counterparts like China, Russia, other BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) countries as well as emerging powers like Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey, are establishing and furthering a host of multilateral initiatives. Domestically and globally, the Trump administration engages in politics and implements policies that are remarkably divisive, ill-considered, and unproductive. Indeed, the consequences of the ‘make America great again’ framework will have lasting impact. Many would like to believe that our leaders across the world would work hard to achieve lasting and genuine movement on a path toward global nuclear security. It is difficult to imagine that this will occur in the foreseeable future. Arguably, the JCPOA forestalled a war with Iran. But now, as the agreement unravels, how will Israel and Western powers respond as Iran takes steps that could again bring the country to the threshold of becoming a fledgling nuclear state? Some observers argued that the ABM Treaty had outlived its usefulness. But one wonders what will be the consequences for other nuclear agreements. What will ultimately become of the New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (New START), the bilateral agreement between the U.S. and Russia that deals with long-range nuclear weapons? Why is the United Nations (UN) nuclear treaty (Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons, also known as the Nuclear Ban Treaty) that was promulgated last year being disregarded by the established nuclear powers? And then there’s the North Korean nuclear conundrum, which is undoubtedly the most perplexing nuclear problem of all. To be sure, a summit between President Trump and his North Korean counterpart Kim Jong-un would be a positive development in international affairs. This is so even if such a meeting (assuming that it takes place) yielded no immediate concrete results. But as this meeting comes together, there are important areas of concern. Based on available information and the analyses of expert observers, both clarity and a framework are lacking, and this is on the eve of this meeting. In my own estimation, there are three critical questions for US-North Korean diplomacy and the upcoming meeting: What kind of, and how much “daylight” exists between whatever is the US operational definition of denuclearization and that of the North Korean counterparts? What is the American side willing to give up, especially on the military side, in an eventual bilateral or multilateral agreement? Are President Trump and his Chinese and Russian counterparts prepared to engage in the give-and-take that will be necessary for the success of any bilateral or multilateral agreement on Korean Peninsula security, or, will the trend of major power mistrust and non-cooperation persist? I don’t want to overstate this point, but the political and diplomatic theatre in the lead-up to the planned summit (even the announcement of a future meeting between Kim and his Syrian counterpart Bashar al-Assad) raises serious questions about what “success” would look like for US-North Korean diplomacy and its prospects. Then there are the well chronicled and obvious nuclear double standards and even unrealistic demands for denuclearization that are being made from the US side. Just this week, several leading Democrats in the US Senate sent a letter to President Trump that pointedly called for complete denuclearization of North Korea and “anytime,” “anywhere” inspections by outside observers. Much that was stated in this letter closely mirrored sentiments recently expressed by US National Security Advisor John Bolton, to which the North Korean leaders had strong negative reactions. As Jeffrey Sachs observes, and as writers like Joseph Gerson have chronicled through the years, the United States (and even its ally Israel) wants to have it both ways regarding nuclear security: other actors are expected to abide by the provisions of the global nuclear regime, notably, the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), which requires signers to take active steps to denuclearize, while the U.S. maintains global nuclear dominance. Is it reasonable to expect our country to maintain nuclear hegemony in the contemporary period? Is that what we want, and if so, how far are we willing to go to forcefully deny nuclear capability to undesirable actors? In my own estimation, the recent inter-Korean diplomacy is the only real bright spot on the Peninsula, and the major powers should bolster those efforts. If nuclear diplomacy on the Korean Peninsula breaks down yet again, it will be due principally to irreconcilable differences both of demands as well as expectations. To be sure, the forgoing is a bleak assessment of the current state of affairs and prospects for a breakthrough in the global nuclear conundrum. But all is not lost. People throughout the world deserve much better from our leaders. We need to press harder where we can, and especially at the ballot box, for accountability and for pathways toward achieving nuclear security and ultimately, phased disarmament. The established nuclear powers, led by the U.S., Russia, and China, can do much better to lead by example and demonstrate genuine commitments to nuclear disarmament. The established nuclear powers can work harder to temper the power-driven policies and hypocrisy that are gradually eroding the global nuclear security regime. Moreover, people can press leaders for broader national control over nuclear weapons and their use; that is to say, authorization beyond political executives and the military. In the case of the United States, the Congress can, and should, place greater scrutiny on the president’s use of executive agreements (this is a longstanding issue). Congress also needs to move forward with urgency on a new Authorization for Use of Military Force (AUMF) bill. The established nuclear powers and nuclear aspirants are bringing the world closer to the first use of such weapons in conflict since 1945. This is the epitome of global irresponsibility. In a recent article in the journal Survival, Paul Meyer and Tom Sauer reflected on the growing “global impatience” among members of the world community with the lack of progress on nuclear disarmament. It is time for a sincere and straightforward commitment to dealing with the issues that are hastening the erosion of the global nuclear security regime. 1On the other side of the coin, there is the gradual depletion of resources and personnel devoted to the US diplomatic mission, as examined in Ronan Farrow, War on Peace: The End of Diplomacy and the Decline of American Influence (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 2018). Farrow, Ronan, War on Peace: The End of Diplomacy and the Decline of American Influence (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 2018). Gerson, Joseph, Empire and the Bomb: How the U.S. Uses Nuclear Weapons to Dominate the World (Ann Arbor: Pluto Press, 2007). Haass, Richard, A World in Disarray: American Foreign Policy and the Crisis of the Old Order (New York: Penguin Books, 2018). Meyer, Paul, and Tom Sauer, “The Nuclear Ban Treaty: A Sign of Global Impatience,” Survival: Global Politics and Strategy, Volume 60, Edition 2, April-May 2018, 61-72. Sachs, Jeffrey D., “Denuclearization Means the US, Too,” Project Syndicate, 7 May 2018, https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/denuclearization-also-for-united-states-by-jeffrey-d-sachs-2018-05 Patterson School of Diplomacy and International Commerce University of Kentucky
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Pneumonia is a lung infection caused by the bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa and other small organisms. It leads to fever, pain in the chest, inflammation of the lungs and difficulty in breathing. This problem is diagnosed with the help of X-rays and sputum examination. The prevention of this disease is possible with the help of vaccines but if the pneumonia is caused by the bacteria then it has to be treated with the help of antibiotics. Herbal remedies can also be used for the treatment of the pneumonia. Herbal Remedies For Pneumonia This herb is used in several medicinal preparations and Astragalus is a botanical generic name and the English common name for the Chinese herb known as Huang-Qi. This herb helps to fight with the viral infections that leads to pneumonia. Astragalus contains astragalosides and other immunostimulant, polysaccharides, beta-sitosterol, flavonoids and selenium. You can take this herb in the form of tea, powdered extract or capsules. The powder form of this herb can be sprinkled on the food or shake as it is sweet in taste. It is a non-toxic herb but it should not be taken if you are taking warfarin or other high blood pressure medicines. The main constituents of this herb are humulene and caryophylene, glycoside, polysaccharide, polyacetylenes, resin, betaine, inulin, and sesquiterpene. They help to fight with the herpes simplex viruses and candida albicans that leads to pneumonia. It is recommended to take this herb in the form of tinctures or capsules. The tea is not advised as it tastes bad but can be used for external applications in compresses. Pleurisy root is an orange flowered herb that is used for the treatment of bronchitis’s and pneumonia. This herb has antispasmodic, diaphoretic and expectorant properties and it is a very good vasodilator that helps to increase the volume of the lungs. It contains glycosides including asclepiadin, cardiac Glyco-sides and small amount of volatile oils. It is acidic in nature so it is recommended to use it in the form of tea and extract. The encapsulated form of this herb is rarely used. However the use of this herb is not recommended for pregnant and nursing mothers as it contains alkaloids which are toxic to livestock. The bark of this herb is used for the treatment of bronchitis’s and pneumonia. The wild cherry belongs to the rose family and it has got sweet, bitter, astringent properties which help to heal the problem of pneumonia. It contains acetylcholine, kaempferol, p-coumaric acid, prunasin, quercetin, scopoletin and tannins. The p-coumaric acid should be in lesser quantity in the medicinal preparations as low in between 0.07% to 0.16 and if more than this percentage is used then it can be hazardous. It should be taken by making an infusion by adding one tablespoon of powdered bark to one cup of hot water. You can take this infusion thrice a day. It is also available in the form of syrup and that can be taken one tablespoon twice a day. The herb blood root is named after noticing the color of the reddish roots which secretes red juice. The roots contain phytochemical sanguinarine. It has antispasmodic, expectorant, diuretic properties and acts as a stimulant for the mucous membrane secretion. This herb is poisonous in nature and it is not advised for internal use. You can apply this herb on the chest in the form of tincture or salves. Caution: Please use Remedies after Proper Research and Guidance. You accept that you are following any advice at your own risk and will properly research or consult healthcare professional.
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Although veterinarians often participate in animal rehabilitation, most animal therapists are licensed physical therapists who choose to work with animals instead of people. Not only do the positions share the same education and licensing requirements, but the animal therapist's role is similar to the physical therapist's -- to help reduce chronic pain, speed up recovery from injury or surgery and improve quality of life for the patient. Animal physical therapists also use human therapy treatments -- exercise rehabilitation, massage, heat therapy, ultrasound therapy and neuromuscular stimulation. If you love four-legged friends and want to work in the medical field, animal physical therapy is an excellent option. Complete a bachelor's degree program. Although you don't need a specific degree major for undergraduate study, take courses in science and mathematics, such as anatomy, animal physiology, chemistry and physics. Maintain at least a 3.0 GPA to help ensure acceptance into a graduate program. Gain volunteer experience in an animal hospital or clinic to give yourself a competitive edge when applying for physical therapy graduate programs. Volunteer experience offers the opportunity for valuable training under the direction of professional animal therapists, and it's often a part of graduate program requirements. Complete a traditional physical therapy graduate program accredited by the Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education. Master's degree programs typically last two to three years, and doctoral programs run about three years. These programs also include clinical experience and education covering diagnostic processes, medical screening and therapeutic intervention. Get a license. You must pass the national physical therapy examination administered by the Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy to assess competency in physical therapy theory, practice and consultation. You must also meet individual state requirements for licensure and continuing education. Find employment. Stay in contact with veterinarians or animal physical therapists you've worked with in the past. They're valuable reference sources and possible employers. Check with veterinarians in your vicinity for possible openings. - The Bureau of Labor Statistics reported a $36.69 per hour median pay rate for physical therapists in 2010 and projects much faster than average growth for the occupation from 2010 to 2020. - Education Portal: Animal Physical Therapist: Job Description and Requirements - Education Portal: How to Become a Physical Therapist - United States Department of Labor: Bureau of Labor Statistics: Occupational Outlook Handbook: Physical Therapists - University of Tennessee: College of Veterinary Medicine: Physical Rehabilitation: The Veterinary Physical Rehab. Profession - Boston University: BU Today: Physical Therapy of the Four-Legged Variety - Photodisc/Photodisc/Getty Images
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Repair of food is almost always accompanied byhigh labor costs and complexity, and its cost is not usually of little ones. Surprisingly, the design of interior design in the room turned out to be the most challenging. Let's look at how to develop interior design in the kitchen. It may seem that this work is only forprofessional designers, but by applying a few tips from this article, you will be able on its own to achieve the desired result. Making the kitchen, try to pay attention to not only the aesthetic component, but also the comfort of work, because in the kitchen, you'll not only eat, but also to engage in its preparation. Therefore it is better to consider in detail the arrangement of the kitchen furniture so that it was in its place. For the development of the design need not so much: a desire, a piece of paper and a pencil. It draws not forget to pay attention to detail, because they are often more determined. Drawing up a design project It is important to consider the location of the three main areas: working, dining and travel. Next determined location of kitchen furniture. In the next phase it is important to think about the appearanceroom. Try to get in the kitchen the maximum comfort and relaxation, so it is important to try wholeheartedly. In the beginning, you need to decide which color will be drawn the room. Specialists are strongly advised to register the kitchen in warm bright colors, because with their help, you can create the right atmosphere and cheer up. Also important is the choice of finishing materials for walls and ceiling. Today mortar stores offer an incredibly wide range of the most diverse materials. When you are able to resolve these issues, you can think about what furniture will be in your kitchen. Try it to be done in the same style with the whole room. Well, when the furniture in perfect harmony with the color gamut of cuisines. At the end of the kitchen design, consider the finish decorating this room. Through the use of various accessories you can give the room a finished look. We have seen that develop the most interior design in the kitchen It is not difficult. So you can not only achieve considerable savings, but also to obtain registration, which will appeal to you and your family. Your efforts and diligence will pay off completely when your family will gather together and enjoy dinner together.
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Russian ambassador to Budapest Sergeyev Vladimir Nikolaevich said to "Napi Gazdaság" that Hungary could become a major gas distribution center of Europe in the near future. Hungary is very much interested in the prospect to become a regional gas distribution hub, as this would improve the country's gas supply and security. With almost six billion cubic meters of storage capacity Hungary has the fifth largest underground storage facility in the European Union. According to the ambassador, the storage reservoirs could be filled with Russian gas in the foreseeable future. The ambassador stressed that such a big project can't be realized without major political cooperation between the two countries, which would raise the level of strategic partnership between Russia and Hungary to an unprecedented level based on mutual benefits. The ambassador pointed out that according to an agreement between Gazprom and MVM the end of last year 700 million cubic meters of Russian gas stored in various storage facilities in Hungary, which guaranteed that Hungarian consumers receive enough gas supply during the winter season. The ramifications of the Turkish Stream The ambassador pointed out that due to the fact that the EU torpedoed the South Stream pipeline project that Gazprom planned to jointly develop with other countries of the region, the Turkish Stream received priority - the new pipeline will reach the Greek-Turkish border. The question, however, is how to get the gas to Hungary through other states in the region. When asked whether Gazprom would participate in the construction of a pipeline that could link Hungary with the Turkish Stream the ambassador replied: "If it finds the project profitable it may join the investors of the project, but it is not likely that Gazprom will play a leading role in the construction of the new pipeline." (mno.hu – hungarianambiance.com)
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News from the web: Here is some good news about the fight against Alzheimer. Scientist have declared a human trail successful. The new treatment involves active immunisation, using a type of vaccine designed to trigger the body’s immune defence against beta-amyloid. In this second clinical trial on humans, the vaccine was modified to affect only the harmful beta-amyloid. The researchers found that 80 per cent of the patients involved in the trials developed their own protective antibodies against beta-amyloid without suffering any side effects over the three years of the study. Read all about it HERE visit us at AlzheimerHeadlines.com
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Civil War Institute “Be careful what you wish for.” Had the volunteers of Dauphin County’s 127th Regiment heard the old adage before marching off to war in the summer of 1862? Undoubtedly. even if they had, it was far from their minds as they drilled and waited and guarded the perimeter of Washington. These men had enlisted to fight, but now they found themselves consigned to guard duty for their first three months in the Army. Their fortunes would soon change, however, for better or for worse; unbeknownst to them, the Battle of Fredericksburg lurked in their future. [excerpt] This is the author's version of the work. This publication appears in Gettysburg College's institutional repository by permission of the copyright owner for personal use, not for redistribution. Lavery, Kevin P., "War Beyond the Battlefield: From the Potomac to the Rappahannock" (2014). The Gettysburg Compiler: On the Front Lines of History. 41.
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A recall has been issued for 300-thousand Cuisinart food processors sold in Canada because of a laceration hazard. The recall covers a silver-coloured blade in certain models which is attached by four rivets. The riveted blade can crack over time and small metal pieces can break off into processed food. The recall involves food processors with the following model numbers: - CFP-9, CFP 11 - DFP-7, DFP-11, DFP-14 - DLC-5, DLC-7, DLC-8, DLC-10, DLC-XP, DLC-2007, DLC-2009, DLC-2011, DLC-2014, DLC-3011, DLC-3014 - EV-7, EV-10, EV-11, EV-14 Health Canada says there have been 10 reports of cracked or broken riveted blades in Canada, including two reports of mouth laceration or tooth injury. The affected products, sold in Canada from 1996 through last December, were made in China and distributed by Woodbridge, Ontario-based Conair Consumer Products. Consumers are advised to immediately stop using the riveted blade and contact Conair for a free replacement.
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