text stringlengths 181 608k | id stringlengths 47 47 | dump stringclasses 3 values | url stringlengths 13 2.97k | file_path stringlengths 125 140 | language stringclasses 1 value | language_score float64 0.65 1 | token_count int64 50 138k | score float64 1.5 5 | int_score int64 2 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overview of VAT
VAT is the most common type of consumption found in the world; more than 150 countries have applied VAT. VAT is an integral part of GDP of any country. This is an indirect form of tax that is given to customers by the government, but by the merchants of the producers or the goods.
This will help the area reduce dependence on oil and other hydrocarbon products as a source of revenue. It is agreed by all GCC countries that VAT will be introduced in the latest in each country till January 1, 2019. However, United Arab Emirates decided to implement VAT on January 1, 2018.
Who needs to register?
For every taxable person living in the United Arab Emirates and the annual supply of the United Arab Emirates is expected to be worth or more, then the UAE has to register for VAT. For VAT registration in the United Arab Emirates, the total value of the taxable supply made for the current month and the annual supply in the last 11 months will be considered. In addition, the expected value of the supply for the next 30 days will be considered whether the annual supply will exceed the limit.
Standard accountants are a Tax Specialist offering VAT Consultancy, VAT Advisory and VAT Implementation Services in the United Arab Emirates.
- VAT and service tax registration
- Monthly / Quarterly calculation of monthly / quarterly / half yearly calculation of VAT liability and service tax liability
- Online admission of VAT and service tax returns
- Tax Advice and Counselling to Optimize Your Tax Liability
- Receive reminder to comply with the scheduled dates
VAT returns filing process:
- Provide your details and call back to discuss your tax status
- Email your Tax Documents to the Expert on Confirmation of the Service
- Prepare for your return efficiently and pay fees to be filed by our specialist
- Year-round access to your tax specialist
Whether you are already a customer or new to Standard accountants, you can do cost effectively and quickly follow the GCC VAT agreement. We advise the client on conducting training and on the effect of VAT on their business. We provide VAT enactment services around Emirates
OUR VALUE STATMENTS
We sincerely believe in the three pillars of success: Commitment, Integrity and Independance.
Quality in whatever we do.
We demonstrate integrity, knowledge and respect.
We are filled with enthusiasm, energy and have the courage to lead.
We build long lasting relationships based on doing the right thing.
Our professional services
Due Diligence Audit
Feasibility Report – Feasibility studies for Businesses
Mainland-Free zones and Offshore (RAKIA and JAFZA)
Liquidation of companies
Compliance Audit and procedures
Offshore company formation in Jabel Ali Free zone,Dubai
Offshore company formation in RAKIA (Ras al khaimah investment authority)
Our Mission Statement
To provide professional services in Auditing and Consultancy with highest integrity, quality standards and reliability.
Our Vision Statement
Our vision is to be the best choice for providing professional services by creating an invigorating work environment for our people, delivering innovative quality advisory services to our clients and generating superior results. | <urn:uuid:5ef11686-fdeb-4012-a9fa-930fa44430b6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://standardaccountants.com/service/vat/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.909713 | 672 | 1.960938 | 2 |
Scientists have developed a new data transfer protocol for the Internet fast enough to download a full-length DVD movie in less than five seconds, the California Institute of Technology said today.
The protocol is called FAST, standing for Fast Active queue management Scalable Transmission Control Protocol (TCP).
The researchers achieved a speed of 8,609 megabits per second (Mbps) by using 10 simultaneous flows of data over routed paths, the largest aggregate throughput ever accomplished in such a configuration, Caltech said in a news release. "That is 153,000 times that of today's modem and close to 6,000 times that of the common standard for ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) connections."
"The FAST protocol sustained this speed using standard packet size, stably over an extended period on shared networks in the presence of background traffic, making it adaptable for deployment on the world's high-speed production networks," Caltech said.
Harvey Newman, a professor of physics at Caltech, said the fast protocol "represents a milestone for science, for grid systems, and for the Internet."
"The ability to extract, transport, analyze and share many Terabyte-scale data collections is at the heart of the process of search and discovery for new scientific knowledge," Newman said.
Les Cottrell of the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), which worked with Caltech on the experiment, said that progress in speeding up data transfers over long distances was critical to progress in various scientific endeavors. "These include sciences such as high-energy physics and nuclear physics, astronomy, global weather predictions, biology, seismology, and fusion; and industries such as aerospace, medicine, and media distribution."
"Today, these activities often are forced to share their data using literally truck or plane loads of data," Cottrell said. "Utilizing the network can dramatically reduce the delays and automate today's labor-intensive procedures."
The data was transferred over shared research networks in the presence of background traffic, suggesting that FAST can be backward compatible with the current protocol, Caltech said. The FAST team has started to work with various groups around the world to explore testing and deploying FAST TCP in communities that need multi-Gbps networking urgently.
With Internet speeds doubling roughly annually, the performances demonstrated by the new protocol could become commonly available in the next few years, Caltech said. "So the demonstration is important to set expectations, for planning, and to indicate how to utilize such speeds,"
The testbed used in the Caltech/SLAC experiment was the culmination of a multi-year effort, led by Caltech physicist Harvey Newman's group on behalf of the international high energy and nuclear physics (HENP) community, together with CERN, SLAC, Caltech Center for Advanced Computing Research (CACR), and other organizations.
The experiment was performed last November during the Supercomputing Conference in Baltimore by a team from Caltech and the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), working in partnership with the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), and the organizations DataTAG, StarLight, TeraGrid, Cisco, and Level(3). | <urn:uuid:3b829e52-ed1b-436a-b606-abfdb025c659> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/03/0318_030318_internet.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285315.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00566-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.932227 | 655 | 3.03125 | 3 |
“Now the word of the Lord came to Jonah the second time, saying, ‘Arise, go to Nineveh, that great city, and preach to it the message that I tell you.’ So Jonah arose and went to Nineveh, according to the word of the Lord. Now Nineveh was an exceedingly great city, a three-day journey in extent” (Jonah 3:1-3 NKJV).
If you ask the average person about the book of Jonah, they might respond, “Isn’t that the story about the man who was swallowed by a whale?” It is likely that that is the only feature of the book which they know.
Though that part of the book certainly catches our attention, the fact is that it is by no means the most important part of the story. Jonah includes the miracle by which God turns Jonah’s focus back to his mission, but it is not really about that miracle.
Read seriously, Jonah is a message about God’s mercy and compassion, particularly in contrast to the prophet’s lack of those qualities. Nineveh was the capital of the ancient empire of Assyria, which at that time was the greatest threat to Israel’s existence and featured one of the cruelest, most savage conquering armies the world has ever seen.
God’s decision to destroy Nineveh (and by extension Assyria) was good news to Jonah and to all of Israel. It would have been viewed as justice against Assyria’s exceeding sinfulness, and also as proof of God’s providential oversight of his people. Jonah’s likely response was probably something on the order of “well it is about time?” His attempt to avoid the mission of preaching to Nineveh was not from fear, but from his reluctance to give them any opportunity to repent and avoid God’s wrath (Jonah 4:2).
God’s eventual answer to the prophet was to chasten him for his lack of compassion. “And should I not pity Nineveh, that great city, in which are more than one hundred and twenty thousand persons who cannot discern between their right hand and their left?” (Jonah 4:11). Whether this verse refers to small children only, or as some modern commentators believe, to the entire population of Nineveh, it was beyond doubt a major metropolis in those ancient times.
God’s question to Jonah serves to contrast the value of the human population with the small plant the prophet had used for shade and for whose loss he grieved. Jonah mourned a worthless vine; God pointed him towards a great city filled with lost souls.
I continue to be amazed at the number of truly immense cities in the world today. I grew up in awe of New York, Chicago, and Los Angeles with their populations of 5 to 8 million (at that time). It was only much later that I began to hear of cities of ten, twelve, or fifteen million or more. Now I have had the privilege of visiting several of those. I am still amazed and overwhelmed.
Not only does the sheer size of Cairo, Kolkata, Chennai, London, Dhaka, et al, stun me, but even more it is the challenge of reaching such cities with the message of the Cross. Jonah walked through Nineveh (apparently just one time) proclaiming God’s verdict and they repented. We look at the size and complexity of modern urban areas and throw up our hands in despair.
Yet we serve the same loving, compassionate and powerful God as did Jonah. Let us, too, accept our mission and reach out to the lost all over the world – especially where there are so many helpless and hopeless ones whom God loves. | <urn:uuid:1727b8d3-f97d-4a98-a29a-322dd6216b16> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://forthright.net/2016/02/20/urban-evangelism/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285315.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00567-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97665 | 781 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Название: Turkey. The southeastern anatolia and the GAP region
Автор: Ahmet Rail
Издательство: Dogan Ofset
Размер: 7,6 Мб
Год издания: 2009
The Southeastern Anatolia Region has a very rich history and cultura l heritage, as can be seen in its magnificent historical sites. Its history begins around 7,000 BC in the New Stone Age. Between 2,000 BC and 1,500 BC came the Hurris who were followed by the Hittites sometime around 1,200 BC. | <urn:uuid:09aedcd7-d97f-4d9f-a62a-a23f8ba8e16a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://bukvy.net/books/nauchno_popularnoe/78067-Turkey.-The-southeastern-anatolia-and-the-GAP-regi.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00211-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.717184 | 157 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Sure, outsourcing isn’t everybody’s cake. It’s rather a strategic solution, just like Apple did in its early days. Oh my, you don't know how it worked with Apple?
In 2007, Steve Jobs decided that he wanted a Glass Screen for iPhones, just a few weeks before their launch date. All suppliers from USA were approached but none of them undertook the contract, saying that deadline was impossible. So, with heavy heart, Steve turned to China where a factory set up a dormitory even before signing off the contract, so as their employers could work a 12-hours shift to meet the delivery in time.After contracts were signed, 8,000 workers were roused from their beds to fit 10,000 iphones a day’.
Well, NO BODY is saying that Apple inc. outsources does not mean you should too, or Apple does not outsource means you shouldn’t too. It just means that every business has different short-term to long-term goals and objectives to achieve. In order to make better decision, it’s better asking first, whether Outsourcing suits your objectives and if yes, which objectives it does serve.
Most common reasons, companies outsource their projects:
It’s been 9 years since we are in web design and development business, making websites, ecommerce stores, mobile apps and so on. Companies from different parts of the world approach us and eventually engage us as their offshore outsourcing partner. There are certain reasons behind such engagements and partnerships, most common include:
- Lack of access to the professional technical resources
- Cash crunch preventing you from expanding your team
- Core members wasting their time doing mundane and repetitive tasks
- Deadlines for deliverable being pushed back due to resource crunch
- Rapidly eroding capital base because of ballooning expenditure
Outsourcing isn’t all that easy, btw. It involves serious challenges:
Definitely, there are many challenges involved in outsourcing. You would need to set up systems and processes to make sure projects are delivered in time and within budgets. Many partnerships just fail because there were no systems and no processes for project management. Other reasons behind failed partnerships include:
- Misunderstanding of requirements
- Lack of Quality assurance
- Concerns about intellectual property
- Security Differences in company processes
- Communication/cultural barriers
So, Who is right Outsourcing Company for You?
Well, we are glad that at RED SIGNAL, outsourcing is just a matter of everyday work. We have a decade long industry experience and have delivered outsource web development
to clients in every part of the world. We understand the nuances of outsourcing services and that's why we have established the right processes that guarantee projects’ delivery in time and in budget. You can measure our outsourcing expertise against following check list:
- Long term experience in the field.
- Have worked with clients similar to you.
- Successfully executed both simple and complex projects.
- Are proficient with a wide range of technologies and services.
- Able to understand your business model and customer demands.
- Has a collaborative culture with a focus on communication and transparency.
- Committed to customer support and high quality.
Interested in working with Us?
If you are looking to outsource web development, web design or even iPhone app development and Android app development, we are always here to help you with that, talk to you and become your trusted IT partner. For more information,
Just write us at: firstname.lastname@example.org
give us a call at: +92 321 2423100
or Skype us at: Shah4moon | <urn:uuid:377b8e35-d8da-4d4b-ae07-a99202cae7d7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://redsignal.net/looking-to-outsource-think-again/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00671.warc.gz | en | 0.960456 | 756 | 1.625 | 2 |
Scotland’s first Culture Strategy was published in February 2020. This sets out a vision for Scotland centred around three ambitions and a summary of actions. Amplifying young people’s voices in cultural decision-making is a key theme of the strategy.
Addressing disadvantage in cultural participation, whether due to geographic or economic circumstances is a focus for the Scottish Government. CashBack for Creativity is a Government initiative which aims to tackle inequalities in the arts by increasing provision for Scotland's most disadvantaged young people. It is part of a programme to reinvest the proceeds of crime back into communities, and is focused on community-based arts programmes.
Scotland's first youth arts strategy for the 0-25 age group was commissioned by the Scottish Government and published in 2013, to cover a ten-year period. A group of young volunteers have been recruited to deliver the strategy alongside Creative Scotland (the public body which supports the arts, screen and creative industries) and the Scottish Government. More details about the strategy and creative and cultural initiatives under it, including the formation of Creative Learning Networks, are given in this chapter. | <urn:uuid:07409961-2942-42b1-a250-d03f279f144a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://national-policies.eacea.ec.europa.eu/youthwiki/chapters/united-kingdom-scotland/8-creativity-and-culture | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00471.warc.gz | en | 0.954693 | 223 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Hi! I’ making a report that shall display a character based chart “orders per month”. The code looks simplyfied like this: – “Sales Header”.SETFILTER(“Shipment Date”, ‘03-08-01…03-08-31’); No:=“Sales Header”.COUNT; FOR I := 1 TO No DO BEGIN Order:=Order +‘O’; END; — I then display Order in the report. Now I want to show all months there are orders in instead of only August. How could I do this? I also would like the chart with block characters, so I use Lucida console, an OEM font. But the block characters does not print, insted it prints “|” Thanks Petter Jönhagen, Sweden
I don’t really understand what you want to do Maybe this will help: separation by month date1 := CALCDATE(’<-CM-13M>’,WORKDATE); date2 := CALCDATE(’<-CM-12M>’,WORKDATE); date3 := CALCDATE(’<-CM-11M>’,WORKDATE); date4 := CALCDATE(’<-CM-10M>’,WORKDATE); date5 := CALCDATE(’<-CM-9M>’,WORKDATE); date6 := CALCDATE(’<-CM-8M>’,WORKDATE); date7 := CALCDATE(’<-CM-7M>’,WORKDATE); date8 := CALCDATE(’<-CM-6M>’,WORKDATE); date9 := CALCDATE(’<-CM-5M>’,WORKDATE); date10 := CALCDATE(’<-CM-4M>’,WORKDATE); date11 := CALCDATE(’<-CM-3M>’,WORKDATE); date12 := CALCDATE(’<-CM-2M>’,WORKDATE); date13 := CALCDATE(’<-CM-1M>’,WORKDATE); date14 := CALCDATE(’’,WORKDATE); IF (“shipment date” >= date1) AND (“shipment date” < date2) THEN . . . .
Hi Cage, Maybe I was unclear. With my code I get a staple like this in the report: what I want is the a staple for all months I have orders in: 03-08-01…03-08-31 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 03-09-01…03-08-30 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 03-10-01…03-10-31 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 03-11-01…03-11-30 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO etc… Kind Regards Petter Jönhagen, Sweden
Hi You could try something like this
Global Vars Date Rec Date PerStart Date Dimension 12 PerEnd Date Dimension 12 PerText Text 30 Dimension 12 Order Text Dimension 12 j Integer OnPerReport Date.SETRANGE("Period Type",Date."Period Type"::Month); Date.SETRANGE("Period Start",0D,Workdate); IF Date.FIND('+') THEN BEGIN i := 12; REPEAT PeriodText[i] := Date."Period Name"; PeriodStart[i] := Date."Period Start"; PeriodEnd[i] := Date."Period End"; i := i - 1; Date.NEXT(-1); UNTIL i = 0; END; Then in the report FOR j := 1 to 12 do begin "Sales Header".SETRANGE("Shipment Date",PerStart[j],PerEnd[j]); No := "SalesHeader".COUNT; For i := 1 to No do Order[j] := Order[j] + 'o' END; The Dimesions can be any figure you like, i chose 12 to show a rolling 12 months
Petter My previous reply will work if want x number of columns. if you want x.number of rows, then use the Date Table as a DateItem then filter “Sales Header” using the “Period Start” and “Period End” on each iteration of the Date DataItem. This way you do not need to use arrays. I should of thought of this earlier [:I]
Thanks Steve! Your code works for me now. Although I do not really understand your follow-up on how to not have to use arrays. Thanks anyway! /Petter
Hi Solution that comes to my mind is something like this Accept date range from user as input - FromDate and ToDate Declare a global date variable - say DateVar OnPreDataItem - DateVar := FromDate OnAfterGetRecord if Date2DMY(DateVar, 2) = Date2DMY(ToDate, 2) then LastRun := true // boolean var to indiacate last loop to be run if not LastRun then SalesHeader.setfilter( “shipment Date”, ‘%1…%2’, DateVar, calcdate(DateVar, ‘1M’ ); else begin if DateVar < Todate then SalesHeader.setfilter( “…”, ‘%1…%2’, DateVar , ToDate) else SalesHeader.setfilter( “…”, ‘%1…%2’, ToDate, DateVar) end; … … … if not lastRun then dateVar := calcdate( dateVar, ‘1M’ ); OnPostSection - Body if LastRun then CurrReport.break;
Petter Clarify part2 of my posting Variable SalesHeader Record “Sales Header” You have the Table Date as the DataItem with the filters OnPreDataItem SETRANGE(“Period Type”,Date.“Period Type”::Month); SETRANGE(“Period Start”,01/01/03,31/12/03); OnAfterGetRecord SalesHeader.SETRANGE(“Document Type”,SalesHeader.“Document Type”::Order); SalesHeader.SETRANGE(“Shipment Date”,Date.“Period Start”,Date."Period End); No := SalesHeader.COUNT; For i := 1 to No do Order := Order + ‘o’; Output “Period Start”,“Period End” and Order on Date.Body Report Section. Or You could Have “Sales Header” as an Indented DateItem after Date instead of a Variable.
Hi Steve! I finished my (beautiful) report this weekend with help of your part1 post. But this is even better solution! It is really what I was looking for. I think I will rework the report now… Thanks again. | <urn:uuid:9d0cf524-1371-4612-8288-7139f77a64a0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dynamicsuser.net/t/report-question/7465 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.678888 | 1,535 | 1.695313 | 2 |
It’s my hope that the title of my column this month grabbed attention and has readers ready to absorb some of my personal observations and thoughts about where we may be headed regarding the future of performance. Certainly the electrification of vehicles (EV) is getting plenty of attention in both the mainstream and automotive press these days. There is no doubt that we will be seeing more EVs down the road, but frankly, there are plenty of internal combustion engines (ICE) still available, and they will continue in production for quite some time yet.
It is estimated that there may be as many as 2 billion ICE engines operating in the world today with many more yet to be produced in the future. This includes cars, trucks, SUVs, tractors, heavy equipment, motorcycles, airplanes, boats, ATVs, garden equipment and even electric generators. In fact, some of the hottest and fastest-selling vehicles today are ICE-powered, such as the C8 Corvette, Ford Bronco and Dodge Challengers/Chargers. A point to be made is that modern ICE powerplants are surprisingly fuel efficient and have emission levels at record low levels, and some extra bonus points should also be added for the extreme power levels that are generated.
However, if those statements leave you thinking that I may have something against EV power, let me tell you: that is not the case. I have had the pleasure of experiencing the popular Tesla Model 3 as well as the Ford Mustang Mach E, both of which feature state-of-the-art EV technology, and I was and remain very impressed by both the performance and fun-to-drive factor of each one. As a classic Baby Boomer who grew up playing with electric slot cars, I must confess that the sensations, sounds and instant response of this pair brought back some very fond memories, and the range between charges will continue to improve to help reduce range anxiety.
So, here is where I feel we are headed. Along with even more EV choices, I feel that ICE will also move ahead with smaller displacements, turbocharging and hybrid electric assist. A huge boon to the future of ICE is the positive impact of the EV on the ever-tightening government fuel economy standards. The improvement of the overall fleet fuel economy numbers with the EVs factored in, should make it easier to justify continued production of the next wave of even more efficient ICE offerings.
In the meantime, the purchase options and demand for ICE vintage and contemporary vehicles remain at record high levels. I suppose it is all about choices. Perhaps the best option would be to choose an EV for local commuter use with home charging capability, if possible, and an ICE-powered driver for longer distance traveling or heavy trailer towing capabilities. If one has both the means and the capability, this seems like the obvious winning combination to me. | <urn:uuid:a22f5315-2d3d-4e21-9565-6580450f5a03> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://monthly.mecum.com/2022/02/07/the-future-of-performance/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572021.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814083156-20220814113156-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.966197 | 575 | 1.953125 | 2 |
Media Release 23 March 2018
A research paper for health professionals which reviews international evidence to date about the relationship between abortion and the physical and mental health of women says that abortion is associated with a wide range of adverse physical and psychological outcomes, and it is essential that women are made fully aware of all the risks.
“Abortion and the Physical and Mental Health of Women – A review of the evidence for health professionals” is written by bioethicist Dr Gregory Pike, and summarises the considerable international research undertaken on the physical and psychological impact on women, and also on the circumstances surrounding the decision-making process. It concludes that while studies on abortion have sometimes yielded inconsistent results, there is a clear correlation between abortion and adverse psychological outcomes.
Other conclusions based on the research analysis include:
- Intimate partner violence (IPV) is strongly correlated with abortion, with some research showing a 6-fold increase of IPV in women undergoing abortion compared to those in antenatal care. Abortion has also been linked to international trafficking and slavery of women. Presentation for abortion may be an opportunity to address the risk of coercion and intimate partner violence.
- Ambivalence to abortion is common and is linked to some adverse post-abortion outcomes.
- The prevalence of foetal abnormalities has increased in many countries and women commonly report a lack of information provided to them about the child’s condition, and the options open to them. (an example was recently covered in the NZ media)
- The physical effects of abortion include an increased risk of premature delivery in subsequent pregnancies, and this appears to be related to surgical abortion but not medical abortion.
- Significant inconsistencies exist in research about a possible link between abortion and the risk of breast cancer, yet there is evidence showing that carrying a pregnancy to term is protective against breast cancer.
In one significant finding, the research suggests that medical abortions outstrip surgical ones by a factor of at least four when it comes to the overall incidence of complications. A Finnish study of almost 43,000 women found that “the incidence of adverse events was 4 times higher in medical versus surgical abortion (20% v 5.6%). Moreover, haemorrhage in medical versus surgical abortions was significantly higher at 15.6% compared with 2.1%, as was incomplete abortion (6.7% v 1.6%).”
“This is concerning given that the Abortion Supervisory Committee has recently told politicians that it would be safer for women having a medical abortion to take the medicine at home. In fact, the Scottish government guidance says a woman must have another adult with her and the pill must only be taken up to ten weeks gestation, indicating that it’s not a straightforward procedure,” says Marina Young, spokesperson for Family First NZ, which commissioned the research.
The research paper also includes NZ-based studies including the University of Otago study in 2008 which found that women who had an abortion faced a 30% increase in the risk of developing common mental health problems such as depression and anxiety. And a research paper entitled “Does abortion reduce the mental health risks of unwanted or unintended pregnancy? A re-appraisal of the evidence” by Professor David Fergusson, John Horwood, and Joseph Boden which was published in the 2013 edition of the Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry concluded that the evidence shows that abortion was not associated with a reduction in rates of mental health problems, but was associated with increases in risks of anxiety, alcohol and drug misuse, and suicidal behavior. They state: “There is no available evidence to suggest that abortion has therapeutic effects in reducing the mental health risks of unwanted or unintended pregnancy. There is suggestive evidence that abortion may be associated with small to moderate increases in risks of some mental health problems.”
“New Zealanders want women to make an informed decision. In a poll of NZ’ers in 2011, the majority of New Zealanders (64%) said that women considering abortion have the right to be fully informed of the medical risks of abortion – and the alternatives. And a 2016 survey asked respondents whether they agreed with the following statement: “Women who have abortions risk harming their mental health as a result of the abortion.” Overall, 46% agreed with the statement, 21% were unsure or didn’t say, and only 33% disagreed. Significantly, strongest agreement with the statement came from the younger 18-40 age bracket (50%),” says Mrs Young.
“We highly recommend this paper to all health professionals who believe that women should be fully informed of the choices they may make.” | <urn:uuid:c85aa2c1-112f-4ef0-8937-8ae5be9f4cca> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://chooselife.org.nz/women-need-to-know-risks-of-abortion-study/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.967894 | 951 | 2.375 | 2 |
With our new Happy Families project, our main aim is to raise Health Awareness in the Community. As we work with young people, as professionals we are aware that mental health issues is on the rise within young people, and that the term “mental health” still has a negative stigma attached to it. In our Youth Hub session we have had the opportunity to carry out some amazing art work with our young people. This art work has been to express how they felt when asked about mental health, how we interact with those who have mental health issues and about negative stigma attached to it. On the other hand we have also been focusing on ways to overcome or cope with mental health problems and the positive aspects of mental health. It’s been great to have so many open and informal conversations with the young people about this. | <urn:uuid:8433faa1-03c2-4f26-ba3c-af2cdffce366> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.ypacmanchester.org.uk/latest-news/the-hub-using-art-to-understand-stigma-attached-to-mental-health/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.981338 | 166 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Due to a potential fuel filter leak, Mercedes-Benz will be recalling certain BlueTec diesel-powered models from five of its vehicle lnes. Models include 2011 E-, GL-, M-, and R-Class cars and 2012 S-Class sedans.
The Problem: The diesel fuel filter may leak around the heating component, which could cause fuel to leak onto the roadway or leak onto the heat source itself. Predictably, leaked fuel could increase the risk of a crash or a fire.
The Fix:Mercedes-Benz USA will contact owners of affected vehicles starting in November. Dealers will then inspect the filter and, it necessary, replace it free of charge. Owners can contact MBUSA at 1-800-367-6372.
Vehicles Affected: A total of 6872 models are being recalled, all fitted with Mercedes-Benz’s 3.5-liter turbo-diesel V-6. The recall includes certain 2011 E-Class models built from July 2010 to February 2011, 2011 GL-Class models built between March 2010 and March 2011, 2011 M-Class models built from January 2010 to March 2011, and 2011 R-Class models produced from April 2010 through April 2011. The recall also touches a handful of 2012 S-Class sedans. Mercedes believes that less than one percent of recalled models will have the defect. | <urn:uuid:3971a701-511c-43d9-ae83-411cb311e65b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.motortrend.com/news/mercedes-benz-recalling-2011-e-gl-m-and-r-class-diesels-2012-s-class-diesel-126803/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281574.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00019-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.941602 | 276 | 1.539063 | 2 |
ForeFlight has always been strong in the preflight weather department, both in terms of providing forecasts that are hard to find online and in simplifying their display. The number of weather reports and forecasts available today is truly overwhelming, so the challenge is not lack of information but rather how to organize it all. Version 12.6 of the app takes a step in the direction of simplicity, plus adds a helpful iPad warning. Here’s a review.
Weather in Profile view
ForeFlight has traditionally focused on the overhead view on the Maps page, which is how most pilots plan a flight. But we fly in three dimensions, so the 3D view is just as important. ForeFlight has steadily added new features to its Profile view, starting with terrain and obstacles, then adding airspace. To access this, go to the Maps page and tap the FPL button to open the flight plan editor. Enter a route, then tap Profile at the bottom right corner of the box. This will bring up the side view, showing your proposed cruising altitude and terrain.
For Performance Plus and Business Performance subscribers, you’ll also see airspace and a new drop-down menu at the bottom left. Tap on this to turn on icing and turbulence forecasts. These are the 3D versions of the popular FIP and GTG forecast maps, available from the Aviation Weather Center. Turbulence is shown in yellow and orange, while icing is shown in blue.
The benefit here is that ForeFlight does the work for you. Unlike with the 2D view, there are no slider bars for altitude or time. The Profile view shows forecast icing or turbulence at all altitudes, giving you—at a glance—a good understanding of which altitude might provide the best ride. Likewise, the app automatically adjusts the forecast time period depending on the length of flight. You’ll notice the bottom of your route includes waypoints and times, showing what the app is using to provide the most accurate forecast.
So a typical preflight briefing involves entering your route and then just experimenting with different altitudes. The combination of terrain and icing/turbulence very well may dictate what altitude you use. You can compare the Profile view to the top-down view on the main Maps page for a complete understanding of the weather. These graphics are forecasts, so they aren’t guarantees, but we’ve found them to be quite accurate. Just remember to enter your correct ETD so the app shows the correct forecast period.
Another option is to use the ruler tool to explore different areas. To do this, tap on the screen with two fingers at the same time. The ruler will pop up on screen, and you can move your fingers to measure different distances or explore different routes. As you do this, the Profile view up top will change. This is a great way to test different routes.
Three things to remember here. First, you must have a Performance Plus account for these layers to appear. Second, Profile weather layers are not available over ADS-B or SiriusXM, so make sure you use the Pack feature before a flight to store these forecasts. Finally, if your ETD is beyond the forecast period, you’ll get a warning and the Profile view will be hatched.
Another way ForeFlight is trying to provide contextual alerts is the new “iPad is too hot” pop-up. If you’ve ever experienced this problem, you know how annoying it is: to protect the battery, the iPad will shut down and not turn on again until it has cooled down. Now ForeFlight provides a warning before the “black screen of death” appears. If it detects a potential overheat situation, you’ll get an orange alert on screen. This should be enabled, but if not, it can be selected from More -> Settings -> Alerts.
If you get this message, we recommend three steps: remove your iPad from a case (if you’re using one), get it out of the sun, and get some air moving over the device. This will usually prevent a shutdown. If you are experiencing persistent overheating problems, we suggest the X-Naut cooling cases—we’ve had good results with these powered cradles.
More traffic information
One of the most enjoyable recent additions to ForeFlight has been the internet traffic layer. Now when you hear an airplane fly over, you can open up ForeFlight and see exactly what airplane it is. In the latest version, tapping on an aircraft will show additional details, including departure, destination, and ETA. You may not see this for VFR airplanes, but IFR flights usually show complete flight information (unless it’s a blocked tail number).
As usual, there are some other small upgrades, bug fixes and feature additions. In version 12.6, this includes more detailed basemap information (like mountain passes with elevations) so a new basemap download will be required after updating. Canadian pilots can also file Y or Z flight plans in ForeFlight. | <urn:uuid:eb339e06-e782-49b2-941c-24bbd3392bf3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ipadpilotnews.com/2020/08/foreflight-12-6-brings-3d-weather-view-and-overheat-alerts/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.910464 | 1,041 | 1.578125 | 2 |
HEALTH chiefs are warning many children in South Cheshire still remain unprotected against measles after failing to take up the MMR jab during a vaccination blitz across local schools.
Bosses at the Health Protection Agency (HPA) North West say 2,300 children and teenagers across South and Mid Cheshire have been immunised during a two-week vaccination programme across schools in a bid to prevent a measles epidemic.
However, a total of 10,534 were identified by the Central and Eastern Primary Care Trust (PCT) as having not been immunised before the start of the mass vaccination programme, which was introduced after children diagnosed with the disease had reached its highest level in 15 years.
Most of the 75 reported cases were in Crewe, Sandbach and Middlewich, with some in Alsager and Nantwich. Eleven young people needed hospital treatment.
But health chiefs say they are unable to give an exact figure on how many youngsters have taken up the jab as some were immunised at GP surgeries.
Dr Guy Hayhurst, consultant in public health with Central and Eastern PCT, said: “The fact that 11 children needed hospital treatment shows that measles is not to be taken lightly.”
He added: “We sought parental consent to immunise these children and since December 3, teams of nurses have vaccinated approximately 2,300 of them in their schools, which is a great achievement.
“In addition, hundreds of parents contacted us to say that they had arranged for their children to be vaccinated by their GPs. Many more informed us that their children had been immunised previously, even though we had no local record of it.
“We’re still receiving reports from GPs and school nurses, so it will be well into the New Year before we know for certain how many young people have been vaccinated in recent weeks, or eliminated from the list because we now know that they had been immunised previously.”
Dr Hayhurst recognises that a “plethora” of youngsters remain unprotected against measles, mumps and rubella. He stressed that it is still not too late to get immunised. | <urn:uuid:f9af0c01-51ab-4503-adcb-f46cc4e746ee> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.crewechronicle.co.uk/news/local-news/many-children-still-risk-measles-5624329 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.986006 | 440 | 1.882813 | 2 |
Fuchs, Ernst, geb. 1930#
Fuchs, Ernst, b. Vienna, Feb. 13, 1930, painter, graphic artist and sculptor. From 1946-1950 studied at the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts under R.C. Andersen and A. P. Guetersloh, joined the Art Club in 1948 and participated in founding an association of artists known as "Hundsgruppe" in 1950. Together with F. Hundertwasser and A. Rainer became a member of the "Pintorarium" in 1959. Known as one of the principal exponents of the Vienna School of Fantastic Realism , F. acquired his drawing and painting skills by analysing works from the Middle Ages to the 19th century. His paintings and graphics, which are masterly and detailed works of art, show strongly religious and mythological symbolism. Around 1978 F. adopted a new style which was characterised by the use of bright colours, a simpler composition of the painting and the depiction of characters of Antique and Germanic mythology (Lohengrin, Icarus, etc.). Some of these figures are depicted in a deliberately exaggerated way.
Works#Kataklysmen, 1946 (12 linocuts); Maibild, 1949 (etching); Einhorn-Zyklus, 1951/52 (etchings); Das Mysterium des Rosenkranzes, 1958-1961 (altar-pieces Wien-Hetzendorf); Samson, 1960-1962 (etchings); Zyklus Esther, 1967 (etchings); Grosse Esther, 1972 (sculpture); Illustrationen zur Kabbala, 1978; Ikarus auf Kothurnen, 1978; Leda und der Schwan, 1979, Der Pfau, 1986; Die Einkleidung der Esther, 1970-1983. - Stage designs (Parsifal/Percival, Lohengrin, Zauberfloete/The Magic Flute, Hoffmanns Erzaehlungen); designs for objects of everyday life (furniture, fabric, jewellery, etc.).
Literature#F. ueber F., Bilder und Zeichnungen von 1945-1976, 1977. | <urn:uuid:2d525cf4-47f1-4eb8-9042-428c04e545f4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://austria-forum.org/af/AEIOU/Fuchs%2C_Ernst%2C_geb._1930/Fuchs%2C_Ernst%2C_geb._1930_english | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00421-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.810242 | 462 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Download Full Text (913 KB)
William Thornton, superintendent of the United States Patent Office, notifies W. Josiah Bennett that his model and papers have been received. Thornton further explains the process by which Bennett may receive a patent. November 1, 1809.
Dept. of State Patent Office 1st Nov. 1809 Sir Your model & Paper have been delivered to me, & I thought the Drawing would answer till I examined the model, which is neatly executed; but, finding some Defect, Wm: L: Fidlar engaged W: N: King to make the corrections, and write a specification, which was before wanting. - It must be signed before two witnesses, & an oath must be taken that you believe yourself to be the Inventor. When your Paper is signed & the oath take you will please to enclose the Paper to the Secy of State. -- I am Sir respectfully Yr. Ob William Thornton W: Josiah Bennett
Creator Life Dates
Department of State, Patent Office, 01 November 1809, 1809, William Thornton, Secretary of State, Josiah Bennett, model, inventions, capital building, Patent Office, W. L. Fidlar, W. N. King, patent
History | Legal | Technology and Innovation
800ppi 24-bit depth color; Scanned with an Epson 15000 Photo scanner with Epson Scan software; Archival master is a TIFF; TIFFs converted to PDF with Adobe Acrobat XI Pro.
The original from which this digital representation is taken is housed in The Littlejohn Collection at Wofford College, located in the Sandor Teszler Library.
Thornton, William, "Letter from William Thornton, superintendent of the US Patent Office, to W. Josiah Bennett regarding patent, November 1, 1809." (1809). Broadus R. Littlejohn, Jr. Manuscript and Ephemera Collection. 155.
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. | <urn:uuid:93c4a935-b8f8-4900-9d51-bf575afbc80f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://digitalcommons.wofford.edu/littlejohnmss/155/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.85315 | 558 | 1.921875 | 2 |
Garrett’s Gift is currently raising funds to purchase The CuddleCot for IU Health Bloomington Hospital Labor & Delivery/NICU. Many of you might be wondering what exactly is The CuddleCot? The CuddleCot is internationally recognized across the world as helping parents who suffer the loss of a baby. Dealing with the death of a baby is clearly an incredibly difficult event for parents and an increasing number of US/Canadian hospitals are looking at how they can improve their bereavement
services to parents.
A major way that hospitals can improve their services is to provide bereaved parents with the option of spending time with their baby. Providing families time is internationally encouraged by midwives, bereavement practitioners, still birth/neonatal charities, academics and is also recognized in International Position statements/guidance. This “time” allows the family to form an important bond with their baby; whether dressing the baby or simply just to stay close as this can help families in dealing with their loss. The problem is that in a warm room the baby’s condition can deteriorate quickly which parents often find distressing. Therefore, cooling the baby is absolutely essential; however, parents do not want the trauma of being separated from their baby while they are placed into a morgue refrigerator to cool.
Please consider donating to this important cause to help families in our community. | <urn:uuid:9efe7be8-608e-4bf2-afac-1b30fdb029db> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.garrettsgift.org/lets-donate-a-cuddlecot/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.963915 | 285 | 1.828125 | 2 |
I once asked the chairman of Wells Fargo how his bank had gotten sucked into dubious Third World loans. “Greed,” he responded. “Just greed.”
He might have added another motive: peer pressure. We think of peer pressure as the force that gets kids into trouble, but business is as subject to it as teenagers are.
When a lot of states deregulated their electric utilities in the 1990s, these formerly conservative companies went on an international binge. They started buying up utilities around the world with a passion—a passion often fed by the fear that they were being left out of the great global bonanza. Some believed that they would not be able to hold up their heads at the meetings of the Edison Electric Institute unless they could discuss their latest acquisition in a faraway land. From Brazil to Indonesia, American electric utilities were into globalizing and loving it.
Of course, most of these investments went sour. The expected profits were as often as not consumed by currency variations, confiscatory local taxes and dishonest politicians, who sought to extract bribes from the operators as soon as the ink was dry on the contracts. Many American executives did not know anything about local conditions. For example they were unaware that in much of Latin America, and parts of Asia, up to 50 percent of the electricity is stolen. Governments are powerless to stop the theft for fear of social upheaval.
Helping the electric utilities make their mistakes were the investment banks. Mergers and acquisitions, are the mother’s milk of investment banking. The banks often found the deals, researched them and took them to the American companies. Their reward: giant fees.
One of these investment houses was the now bankrupt Lehman Brothers. At the height of the madness, as the publisher of The Energy Daily, I was invited to give a lecture to Lehman clients. The audience was half Lehman executives and half newly-minted internationalists. I told them the truth about investing in other people’s infrastructure: It looks good on paper, but it does not work in practice because you will be resented as an absentee landlord. Populist politicians will run against you.
On the face of it, this was not what they wanted to hear. They wanted wilder music and stronger drink. One major utility executive who was also something of a king-maker in the Democratic Party told me I did not know what I was talking about. He was invested in Pakistan, and thought it was a great place to do business,
Yet privately, the Lehman executives were glad I had called for a reality check. One managing director told me: “We should take their passports away.”
As investment after investment went south, many of the utility travelers came to wish they had stayed at home. Lehman, other investment banks and their lawyers knew better, but those lovely fees were irresistible.
The utility madness was not earth-shaking, but it was symptomatic of how investment banks regarded money itself as the client not the fee-payers.
About this time the world became aware that an obscure and arcane branch of finance, derivatives, was growing and attracting not financiers, but mathematicians and physicists to slice and dice away from prying regulators, troublesome politicians and curious journalists. The linkage between collateral and loans was obscured. A change in the regulations in 2004 enabled investment banks to borrow or leverage their assets by 30-to-1 when it had been 12-to-1. No worries. The market would discipline itself, said the players.
Mortgages were the new financial manna. You could package them and sell them around the world. But Wall Street was not satisfied with the volume of mortgages being written in the old-fashioned way and thousands of mortgage brokers started loosening the criteria, until there was really no threshold for getting a mortgage.
Now the party is over and the administration of George W. Bush, a conservative, is nationalizing a large chunk of the financial markets. He is also tying the hands of the next president, and there is still no transparency. The only thing that is clear is that the taxpayer will pay. | <urn:uuid:23e302e7-18f3-4c6e-af7f-ca9deab0b9e0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://whchronicle.com/when-peer-pressure-took-the-hand-of-greed-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00493-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.987868 | 847 | 1.570313 | 2 |
A 2011 CDC report showed the percentage of Georgia births at “Baby-Friendly’’ hospitals — those that promote breastfeeding — stood at zero.
This year’s updated report card shows Georgia still at zero.
State public health officials, though, aim to help put Georgia hospitals on the “Baby-Friendly’’ map.
The Georgia Department of Public Health and the Georgia SHAPE initiative this week announced that nine hospitals in the state have been chosen to participate in a Baby-Friendly hospital incentive program.
A hospital is designated ‘‘Baby-Friendly’’ when it follows the 10 steps to successful breastfeeding. These include helping moms initiate breastfeeding within one hour of birth; practicing “rooming in’’ by allowing mothers and infants to remain together 24 hours a day; and connecting mothers with support groups and other resources to help with breastfeeding after hospital discharge.
The national percentage of births at Baby-Friendly hospitals is only 6 percent, and several other states are in the same ‘‘zero’’ category as Georgia.
Breastfeeding has important health and economic benefits, the CDC says.
It can reduce the risk of childhood obesity and diabetes, and lower the risk of respiratory and ear infections. And mothers who breastfeed also benefit, having lower risks of breast and ovarian cancer.
Low breastfeeding rates add more than $2 billion a year to health care costs, the CDC adds.
The state Public Health agency notes there is mounting evidence that babies who are exclusively breastfed for at least their first six months have a much lower risk of becoming overweight or obese. Georgia currently ranks 43rd in the nation for breastfeeding care delivered in maternity facilities, Public Health said. Georgia also has the second-highest rate of childhood obesity in the nation.
A multi-agency initiative called Georgia SHAPE, launched by Gov. Nathan Deal, brings together the government, philanthropic, academic and business communities to address childhood obesity in Georgia.
“Increasing breastfeeding rates in Georgia is critical to reducing obesity rates,” said Dr. Brenda Fitzgerald, commissioner of the Department of Public Health, in a statement. “With one in five of our precious children in Georgia classified as obese, our efforts must focus on the very beginning of these new lives.”
Fitzgerald has made increasing breastfeeding rates in Georgia a priority at Public Health.
The nine hospitals in the state’s incentive program are:
Doctors Hospital, Columbus
Gwinnett Medical Center, Lawrenceville
Hamilton Medical Center, Dalton
Phoebe Putney, Albany
Southeast Georgia Health System, Brunswick
Southern Regional Medical Center, Riverdale
The Medical Center, Columbus
Tift Regional Medical Center, Tifton
Wellstar Kennestone, Marietta
Half of U.S.-born babies are given formula within the first week, and by nine months, just 31 percent of babies are breastfeeding at all.
Yet CDC data show breastfeeding rates have been rising nationally. Breastfeeding initiation increased from 74.6 percent in 2008 to 76.9 percent in 2009 births — the largest annual increase over the previous decade.
Seven other Georgia hospitals are working on becoming Baby-Friendly through a program, announced in June, that’s led by the National Initiative for Children’s Healthcare Quality. (Here’s a GHN article about the seven.) The hospitals are:
Atlanta Medical Center, Atlanta
DeKalb Medical, Decatur
Doctors Hospital, Augusta
Emory University Hospital Midtown, Atlanta
Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta
Piedmont Henry Hospital, Stockbridge
WellStar Cobb Hospital, Austell | <urn:uuid:32b2eeba-8c4f-4479-a39f-2ee2e663ec44> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.georgiahealthnews.com/2012/11/state-prods-hospitals-breastfeeding/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00078.warc.gz | en | 0.927413 | 760 | 2.609375 | 3 |
How new healthcare legislation could affect seniors
A recent report by the GAO (Government Accountability Office) stated that seniors who are sicker are more likely to leave Medicare Advantage plans, as patients cited difficulty with access to preferred doctors and hospitals. In fact, after reviewing 126 Medicare Advantage plans, 35 of them had disproportionately high numbers of sicker people dropping out. With more difficult and expensive access to healthcare for seniors, how can new healthcare legislation affect you?
After President Trump’s election and promise to repeal the ACA, the new legislation being proposed to replace the ACA is called the Better Care Reconciliation Act (BCRA). which is working its way through the Senate and causing growing concern over the impact it could have on seniors.
Medicare and Medicaid
The BCRA would leave much of the Medicare changes brought about by the ACA intact including:
- Benefit improvements
- Reductions to payments to health care providers and Medicare Advantage plans (Medicare Advantage Plans currently serve more than 19 million patients)
- The Independent Payment Advisory Board
- The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation
Medicare, the federal health insurance program for people over 65, will likely run out of funding sooner. The BRCA would impose a 0.9% payroll tax on incomes over $200,000 for single individuals and $250,000 for couples. This would eliminate the Medicare Trust Fund two years earlier than previously proposed and put the financing of future Medicare benefits at greater risk for current and future generations.
Medicaid, a joint federal and state program that helps pay healthcare costs for individuals or families with low income, will be cut by $772 billion by 2026. Medicaid provides valuable funds for roughly 7 million older adults who depend on it primarily for long-term services and support that is not covered by Medicare. The BRCA would limit federal funding for states below the actual cost of care.
There is a concern with limiting Medicaid spending as costs could rise rapidly. Proposed cuts made to Medicaid are estimated to leave roughly 15 million people without Medicaid funding by 2026. On top of many people potentially losing their coverage, those who remain on Medicare could expect to see a significant rise in healthcare premiums.
Better Care Reconciliation Act Goals
A major goal of the BCRA is to reduce healthcare spending that is contributing to the overall federal debt. A few key goals of the BCRA are to:
- Help stabilize collapsing insurance markets by creating short-term stabilization fund that will provide $15 billion in 2018 and $10 billion in 2019 as well as continue to provide federal assistance to low-income Americans through 2019
- End government mandates created by the ACA
- Improve affordability of health insurance by expanding tax-free Health Saving Accounts, repealing ACA taxes, and implementing tax credits and empowering states to make changes in what markets are available to residents
- Preserve access to care for Americans with pre-existing conditions and allowing children to stay on their parents’ insurance through age 26
- Strengthening Medicaid by giving states more flexibility while providing services to those who rely on the program
The Bigger Picture
If the BCRA does come into effect, it would drastically change healthcare coverage for many individuals, especially people covered with Medicaid. If healthcare costs are cut, it will likely mean cutting funding to Medicaid, which means that senior citizens will be affected the most. Time will tell us what parts of the ACA will stay, and what parts will go. | <urn:uuid:4d496e19-b2bb-4818-ad48-edf998475357> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://perks.optum.com/blog/new-healthcare-legislation-affect-seniors/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571719.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812140019-20220812170019-00264.warc.gz | en | 0.962835 | 699 | 2.140625 | 2 |
If you’re simply beginning out on bio-identical hormones or you’ve got been on them for several years, at some point in time you may want to alter your dosage. Each of these products have their own technique of helping you however all of these merchandise have been confirmed to be able to fight common problems and signs associated with this change hrt acne menopause in your life. I generally do not advocate folks with menopause despair (or indeed any kind of melancholy) should treat themselves. Women who’ve one or each of their ovaries left behind following a hysterectomy will generally expertise ovarian manufacturing till menopause is reached. They would possibly transform fats of their middle ages attributable to some menopausal issues but have the selection of full or partial hysterectomy.
Hormones decline naturally with age and for some women, this implies they are just not as taken with sex as earlier than menopause. What you have to do is to take two tablets of Menozac daily and you may be free of all the unhealthy results of menopause. Hot flashes are the physique menopause hrt and bleeding‘s response to a decreased provide of the hormone estrogen, which happens naturally as women approach menopause. Apart from the pure menopause transition (perimenopause to postmenopause) that most girls will experience, some could face just a few more challenges. Menopause does not imply the top of your intercourse life, however your estrogen decline may trigger your vaginal lining to become dry and extra vulnerable to injury.
Although this sort is uncommon it’s attributable to abnormalities in the urinary tract which may be congenital or ensuing from childbirth, or from surgery resembling hysterectomy and medical treatments reminiscent of radiation. According to studies, Ms. Somers did not have issues menopause and hrt risks associated to way of life, weight loss program or exercise and she was in generally good well being, but was devastated by the signs associated with menopause. In the western world about 12 p.c of lady don’t expertise symptoms of menopause and about 14 p.c experience intense bodily or emotional issues.
Factors leading to increased dangers of infection in girls are being pregnant, infections as a toddler, diabetes and menopause. Presently these findings are still beneath assessment but selecting natural alternatives carries less risk. Replenishing these hormones often relieves signs menopause hrt and weight gain like hot flashes, night sweats, insomnia and vaginal dryness that make menopause so disruptive for many ladies. BHRT has been around for the reason that early 1900’s but only because the downfall of HRT as the menopause treatment of choice has it really risen to prominence.
Indeed, greater than a dozen studies hyperlink hair dyes with most cancers, but there are not any warning labels of this hazard on these products. Women of menopausal age who take HRT (hormone substitute therapy) put themselves at a greater danger of growing breast cancer. The subsequent tiff to happen over HRT happened as soon as the Lancet unveiled findings from the One Million Women Study. But as at all times, in terms of pure remedies for ailments there may be a number hrt treatment after menopause of resistance that say that it is untested and that HRT is more effective. When the extent of these two hormones get disturbed on account of age, the pre menopause signs begin becoming evident. The vital factor to realize after menopause begins, is that a change in food plan will probably be mandatory.
Often, well being-conscious women on this age group do not search prenatal care when they turn into pregnant; they usually assume that the skipped period which is the primary sign of pregnancy is as an alternative the first signal of menopause. Pain relievers, muscle relaxants, and anti-depressants may be used to treat menopause early onset. While HRT has had it’s place and been very effective normally, questions have arisen as to the long run results of such hormone alternative treatment. In brief, if certainly one of a woman’s two X chromosomes is flawed, it might probably interfere with egg production which can lead to early menopause. Gain in stress hormones throughout menopause makes the body to store more calories in the type of fat, as a result of stress hormones take the body in a storage mode.
Author: Dilan BeliThis author has published 2335 articles so far. More info about the author is coming soon. | <urn:uuid:48865d33-8e09-4f99-a951-2299e25b8627> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.zeearticles.com/is-it-the-right-choice-for-me/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281162.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00530-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949898 | 945 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Biofilms, or surface-attached communities of cells encapsulated in an extracellular matrix, represent a common lifestyle for many bacteria. Within a biofilm, bacterial cells often exhibit altered physiology, including enhanced resistance to antibiotics and other environmental stresses 1. Additionally, biofilms can play important roles in host-microbe interactions. Biofilms develop when bacteria transition from individual, planktonic cells to form complex, multi-cellular communities 2. In the laboratory, biofilms are studied by assessing the development of specific biofilm phenotypes. A common biofilm phenotype involves the formation of wrinkled or rugose bacterial colonies on solid agar media 3. Wrinkled colony formation provides a particularly simple and useful means to identify and characterize bacterial strains exhibiting altered biofilm phenotypes, and to investigate environmental conditions that impact biofilm formation. Wrinkled colony formation serves as an indicator of biofilm formation in a variety of bacteria, including both Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis 4, and Gram-negative bacteria, such as Vibrio cholerae 5, Vibrio parahaemolyticus 6, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 7, and Vibrio fischeri 8.
The marine bacterium V. fischeri has become a model for biofilm formation due to the critical role of biofilms during host colonization: biofilms produced by V. fischeri promote its colonization of the Hawaiian bobtail squid Euprymna scolopes 8-10. Importantly, biofilm phenotypes observed in vitro correlate with the ability of V. fischeri cells to effectively colonize host animals: strains impaired for biofilm formation in vitro possess a colonization defect 9,11, while strains exhibiting increased biofilm phenotypes are enhanced for colonization 8,12. V. fischeri therefore provides a simple model system to assess the mechanisms by which bacteria regulate biofilm formation and how biofilms impact host colonization.
In this report, we describe a semi-quantitative method to assess biofilm formation using V. fischeri as a model system. This method involves the careful spotting of bacterial cultures at defined concentrations and volumes onto solid agar media; a spotted culture is synonymous to a single bacterial colony. This 'spotted culture' technique can be utilized to compare gross biofilm phenotypes at single, specified time-points (end-point assays), or to identify and characterize subtle biofilm phenotypes through time-course assays of biofilm development and measurements of the colony diameter, which is influenced by biofilm formation. Thus, this technique provides a semi-quantitative analysis of biofilm formation, permitting evaluation of the timing and patterning of wrinkled colony development and the relative size of the developing structure, characteristics that extend beyond the simple overall morphology.
23 Related JoVE Articles!
Engineering Adherent Bacteria by Creating a Single Synthetic Curli Operon
Institutions: Université de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université de Lyon.
The method described here consists in redesigning E. coli
adherence properties by assembling the minimum number of curli genes under the control of a strong and metal-overinducible promoter, and in visualizing and quantifying the resulting gain of bacterial adherence. This method applies appropriate engineering principles of abstraction and standardization of synthetic biology, and results in the BBa_K540000 Biobrick (Best new Biobrick device, engineered, iGEM 2011).
The first step consists in the design of the synthetic operon devoted to curli overproduction in response to metal, and therefore in increasing the adherence abilities of the wild type strain. The original curli operon was modified in silico
in order to optimize transcriptional and translational signals and escape the "natural" regulation of curli. This approach allowed to test with success our current understanding of curli production. Moreover, simplifying the curli regulation by switching the endogenous complex promoter (more than 10 transcriptional regulators identified) to a simple metal-regulated promoter makes adherence much easier to control.
The second step includes qualitative and quantitative assessment of adherence abilities by implementation of simple methods. These methods are applicable to a large range of adherent bacteria regardless of biological structures involved in biofilm formation. Adherence test in 24-well polystyrene plates provides a quick preliminary visualization of the bacterial biofilm after crystal violet staining. This qualitative test can be sharpened by the quantification of the percentage of adherence. Such a method is very simple but more accurate than only crystal violet staining as described previously 1
with both a good repeatability and reproducibility. Visualization of GFP-tagged bacteria on glass slides by fluorescence or laser confocal microscopy allows to strengthen the results obtained with the 24-well plate test by direct observation of the phenomenon.
Bioengineering, Issue 69, Microbiology, Molecular Biology, curli, cobalt, biofilm, Escherichia coli, synthetic operon, synthetic biology, adherence assay, biofilm quantification, microscopy
A 96 Well Microtiter Plate-based Method for Monitoring Formation and Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Candida albicans Biofilms
Institutions: University of Texas San Antonio - UTSA, University of Texas San Antonio - UTSA.
remains the most frequent cause of fungal infections in an expanding population of compromised patients and candidiasis is now the third most common infection in US hospitals. Different manifestations of candidiasis are associated with biofilm formation, both on host tissues and/or medical devices (i.e. catheters). Biofilm formation carries negative clinical implications, as cells within the biofilms are protected from host immune responses and from the action of antifungals. We have developed a simple, fast and robust in vitro
model for the formation of C. albicans
biofilms using 96 well microtiter-plates, which can also be used for biofilm antifungal susceptibility testing. The readout of this assay is colorimetric, based on the reduction of XTT (a tetrazolium salt) by metabolically active fungal biofilm cells. A typical experiment takes approximately 24 h for biofilm formation, with an additional 24 h for antifungal susceptibility testing. Because of its simplicity and the use of commonly available laboratory materials and equipment, this technique democratizes biofilm research and represents an important step towards the standardization of antifungal susceptibility testing of fungal biofilms.
Immunology, Issue 44, Microbiology, Medical Mycology, Candida, candidiasis, biofilms, antifungals
The Use of Drip Flow and Rotating Disk Reactors for Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Analysis
Institutions: University of Michigan.
Most microbes in nature are thought to exist as surface-associated communities in biofilms.1
Bacterial biofilms are encased within a matrix and attached to a surface.2
Biofilm formation and development are commonly studied in the laboratory using batch systems such as microtiter plates or flow systems, such as flow-cells. These methodologies are useful for screening mutant and chemical libraries (microtiter plates)3
or growing biofilms for visualization (flow cells)4
. Here we present detailed protocols for growing Staphylococcus aureus
in two additional types of flow system biofilms: the drip flow biofilm reactor and the rotating disk biofilm reactor.
Drip flow biofilm reactors are designed for the study of biofilms grown under low shear conditions.5
The drip flow reactor consists of four parallel test channels, each capable of holding one standard glass microscope slide sized coupon, or a length of catheter or stint. The drip flow reactor is ideal for microsensor monitoring, general biofilm studies, biofilm cryosectioning samples, high biomass production, medical material evaluations, and indwelling medical device testing.6,7,8,9
The rotating disk reactor consists of a teflon disk containing recesses for removable coupons.10
The removable coupons can by made from any machinable material. The bottom of the rotating disk contains a bar magnet to allow disk rotation to create liquid surface shear across surface-flush coupons. The entire disk containing 18 coupons is placed in a 1000 mL glass side-arm reactor vessel. A liquid growth media is circulated through the vessel while the disk is rotated by a magnetic stirrer. The coupons are removed from the reactor vessel and then scraped to collect the biofilm sample for further study or microscopy imaging. Rotating disc reactors are designed for laboratory evaluations of biocide efficacy, biofilm removal, and performance of anti-fouling materials.9,11,12,13
Immunology, Issue 46, biofilm, drip flow reactor, rotating disk reactor, open system biofilm
Assay for Adhesion and Agar Invasion in S. cerevisiae
Institutions: Princeton University.
Yeasts are found in natural biofilms, where many microorganisms colonize surfaces. In artificial environments, such as surfaces of man-made objects, biofilms can reduce industrial productivity, destroy structures, and threaten human life. 1-3 On the other hand, harnessing the power of biofilms can help clean the environment and generate sustainable energy. 4-8
The ability of S. cerevisiae to colonize surfaces and participate in complex biofilms was mostly ignored until the rediscovery of the differentiation programs triggered by various signaling pathways and environmental cues in this organism. 9, 10 The continuing interest in using S. cerevisiae as a model organism to understand the interaction and convergence of signaling pathways, such as the Ras-PKA, Kss1 MAPK, and Hog1 osmolarity pathways, quickly placed S. cerevisiae in the junction of biofilm biology and signal transduction research. 11-20 To this end, differentiation of yeast cells into long, adhesive, pseudohyphal filaments became a convenient readout for the activation of signal transduction pathways upon various environmental changes. However, filamentation is a complex collection of phenotypes, which makes assaying for it as if it were a simple phenotype misleading. In the past decade, several assays were successfully adopted from bacterial biofilm studies to yeast research, such as MAT formation assays to measure colony spread on soft agar and crystal violet staining to quantitatively measure cell-surface adherence. 12, 21 However, there has been some confusion in assays developed to qualitatively assess the adhesive and invasive phenotypes of yeast in agar.
Here, we present a simple and reliable method for assessing the adhesive and invasive quality of yeast strains with easy-to-understand steps to isolate the adhesion assessment from invasion assessment. Our method, adopted from previous studies, 10, 16 involves growing cells in liquid media and plating on differential nutrient conditions for growth of large spots, which we then wash with water to assess adhesion and rub cells completely off the agar surface to assess invasion into the agar. We eliminate the need for streaking cells onto agar, which affects the invasion of cells into the agar. In general, we observed that haploid strains that invade agar are always adhesive, yet not all adhesive strains can invade agar medium. Our approach can be used in conjunction with other assays to carefully dissect the differentiation steps and requirements of yeast signal transduction, differentiation, quorum sensing, and biofilm formation.
Microbiology, Issue 1, Yeast, Adhesion, Invasion
Determination of Protein-ligand Interactions Using Differential Scanning Fluorimetry
Institutions: University of Exeter.
A wide range of methods are currently available for determining the dissociation constant between a protein and interacting small molecules. However, most of these require access to specialist equipment, and often require a degree of expertise to effectively establish reliable experiments and analyze data. Differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) is being increasingly used as a robust method for initial screening of proteins for interacting small molecules, either for identifying physiological partners or for hit discovery. This technique has the advantage that it requires only a PCR machine suitable for quantitative PCR, and so suitable instrumentation is available in most institutions; an excellent range of protocols are already available; and there are strong precedents in the literature for multiple uses of the method. Past work has proposed several means of calculating dissociation constants from DSF data, but these are mathematically demanding. Here, we demonstrate a method for estimating dissociation constants from a moderate amount of DSF experimental data. These data can typically be collected and analyzed within a single day. We demonstrate how different models can be used to fit data collected from simple binding events, and where cooperative binding or independent binding sites are present. Finally, we present an example of data analysis in a case where standard models do not apply. These methods are illustrated with data collected on commercially available control proteins, and two proteins from our research program. Overall, our method provides a straightforward way for researchers to rapidly gain further insight into protein-ligand interactions using DSF.
Biophysics, Issue 91, differential scanning fluorimetry, dissociation constant, protein-ligand interactions, StepOne, cooperativity, WcbI.
Single-cell Analysis of Bacillus subtilis Biofilms Using Fluorescence Microscopy and Flow Cytometry
Institutions: University of Würzburg.
Biofilm formation is a general attribute to almost all bacteria 1-6
. When bacteria form biofilms, cells are encased in extracellular matrix that is mostly constituted by proteins and exopolysaccharides, among other factors 7-10
. The microbial community encased within the biofilm often shows the differentiation of distinct subpopulation of specialized cells 11-17
. These subpopulations coexist and often show spatial and temporal organization within the biofilm 18-21
Biofilm formation in the model organism Bacillus subtilis
requires the differentiation of distinct subpopulations of specialized cells. Among them, the subpopulation of matrix producers, responsible to produce and secrete the extracellular matrix of the biofilm is essential for biofilm formation 11,19
. Hence, differentiation of matrix producers is a hallmark of biofilm formation in B. subtilis.
We have used fluorescent reporters to visualize and quantify the subpopulation of matrix producers in biofilms of B. subtilis 15,19,22-24
. Concretely, we have observed that the subpopulation of matrix producers differentiates in response to the presence of self-produced extracellular signal surfactin 25
. Interestingly, surfactin is produced by a subpopulation of specialized cells different from the subpopulation of matrix producers 15
We have detailed in this report the technical approach necessary to visualize and quantify the subpopulation of matrix producers and surfactin producers within the biofilms of B. subtilis
. To do this, fluorescent reporters of genes required for matrix production and surfactin production are inserted into the chromosome of B. subtilis
. Reporters are expressed only in a subpopulation of specialized cells. Then, the subpopulations can be monitored using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry (See Fig 1).
The fact that different subpopulations of specialized cells coexist within multicellular communities of bacteria gives us a different perspective about the regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes. This protocol addresses this phenomenon experimentally and it can be easily adapted to any other working model, to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying phenotypic heterogeneity within a microbial community.
Immunology, Issue 60, Bacillus subtilis, biofilm formation, gene expression, cell differentiation, single-cell analysis
Use of Artificial Sputum Medium to Test Antibiotic Efficacy Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Conditions More Relevant to the Cystic Fibrosis Lung
Institutions: University of Liverpool , University of Liverpool .
There is growing concern about the relevance of in vitro
antimicrobial susceptibility tests when applied to isolates of P. aeruginosa
from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Existing methods rely on single or a few isolates grown aerobically and planktonically. Predetermined cut-offs are used to define whether the bacteria are sensitive or resistant to any given antibiotic1
. However, during chronic lung infections in CF, P. aeruginosa
populations exist in biofilms and there is evidence that the environment is largely microaerophilic2
. The stark difference in conditions between bacteria in the lung and those during diagnostic testing has called into question the reliability and even relevance of these tests3
Artificial sputum medium (ASM) is a culture medium containing the components of CF patient sputum, including amino acids, mucin and free DNA. P. aeruginosa
growth in ASM mimics growth during CF infections, with the formation of self-aggregating biofilm structures and population divergence4,5,6
. The aim of this study was to develop a microtitre-plate assay to study antimicrobial susceptibility of P. aeruginosa
based on growth in ASM, which is applicable to both microaerophilic and aerobic conditions.
An ASM assay was developed in a microtitre plate format. P. aeruginosa
biofilms were allowed to develop for 3 days prior to incubation with antimicrobial agents at different concentrations for 24 hours. After biofilm disruption, cell viability was measured by staining with resazurin. This assay was used to ascertain the sessile cell minimum inhibitory concentration (SMIC) of tobramycin for 15 different P. aeruginosa
isolates under aerobic and microaerophilic conditions and SMIC values were compared to those obtained with standard broth growth. Whilst there was some evidence for increased MIC values for isolates grown in ASM when compared to their planktonic counterparts, the biggest differences were found with bacteria tested in microaerophilic conditions, which showed a much increased resistance up to a >128 fold, towards tobramycin in the ASM system when compared to assays carried out in aerobic conditions.
The lack of association between current susceptibility testing methods and clinical outcome has questioned the validity of current methods3
. Several in vitro
models have been used previously to study P. aeruginosa
. However, these methods rely on surface attached biofilms, whereas the ASM biofilms resemble those observed in the CF lung9
. In addition, reduced oxygen concentration in the mucus has been shown to alter the behavior of P. aeruginosa2
and affect antibiotic susceptibility10
. Therefore using ASM under microaerophilic conditions may provide a more realistic environment in which to study antimicrobial susceptibility.
Immunology, Issue 64, Microbiology, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, antimicrobial susceptibility, artificial sputum media, lung infection, cystic fibrosis, diagnostics, plankton
Intubation-mediated Intratracheal (IMIT) Instillation: A Noninvasive, Lung-specific Delivery System
Institutions: University of Louisville Medical School, University of Louisville Medical School.
Respiratory disease studies typically involve the use of murine models as surrogate systems. However, there are significant physiologic differences between the murine and human respiratory systems, especially in their upper respiratory tracts (URT). In some models, these differences in the murine nasal cavity can have a significant impact on disease progression and presentation in the lower respiratory tract (LRT) when using intranasal instillation techniques, potentially limiting the usefulness of the mouse model to study these diseases. For these reasons, it would be advantageous to develop a technique to instill bacteria directly into the mouse lungs in order to study LRT disease in the absence of involvement of the URT. We have termed this lung specific delivery technique intubation-mediated intratracheal (IMIT) instillation. This noninvasive technique minimizes the potential for instillation into the bloodstream, which can occur during more invasive traditional surgical intratracheal infection approaches, and limits the possibility of incidental digestive tract delivery. IMIT is a two-step process in which mice are first intubated, with an intermediate step to ensure correct catheter placement into the trachea, followed by insertion of a blunt needle into the catheter to mediate direct delivery of bacteria into the lung. This approach facilitates a >98% efficacy of delivery into the lungs with excellent distribution of reagent throughout the lung. Thus, IMIT represents a novel approach to study LRT disease and therapeutic delivery directly into the lung, improving upon the ability to use mice as surrogates to study human respiratory disease. Furthermore, the accuracy and reproducibility of this delivery system also makes it amenable to Good Laboratory Practice Standards (GLPS), as well as delivery of a wide range of reagents which require high efficiency delivery to the lung.
Medicine, Issue 93, Respiratory disease, intubation-mediated intratracheal (IMIT) instillation, therapeutic delivery, bacterial pneumonia, lower respiratory tract, mouse
Remote Magnetic Actuation of Micrometric Probes for in situ 3D Mapping of Bacterial Biofilm Physical Properties
Institutions: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Institut Pasteur, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC.
Bacterial adhesion and growth on interfaces lead to the formation of three-dimensional heterogeneous structures so-called biofilms. The cells dwelling in these structures are held together by physical interactions mediated by a network of extracellular polymeric substances. Bacterial biofilms impact many human activities and the understanding of their properties is crucial for a better control of their development — maintenance or eradication — depending on their adverse or beneficial outcome. This paper describes a novel methodology aiming to measure in situ
the local physical properties of the biofilm that had been, until now, examined only from a macroscopic and homogeneous material perspective. The experiment described here involves introducing magnetic particles into a growing biofilm to seed local probes that can be remotely actuated without disturbing the structural properties of the biofilm. Dedicated magnetic tweezers were developed to exert a defined force on each particle embedded in the biofilm. The setup is mounted on the stage of a microscope to enable the recording of time-lapse images of the particle-pulling period. The particle trajectories are then extracted from the pulling sequence and the local viscoelastic parameters are derived from each particle displacement curve, thereby providing the 3D-spatial distribution of the parameters. Gaining insights into the biofilm mechanical profile is essential from an engineer's point of view for biofilm control purposes but also from a fundamental perspective to clarify the relationship between the architectural properties and the specific biology of these structures.
Bioengineering, Issue 87, Bacterial biofilm, magnetic tweezers, visco-elastic parameters, spatial distribution, flow cell, extracellular matrix
Establishing the Minimal Bactericidal Concentration of an Antimicrobial Agent for Planktonic Cells (MBC-P) and Biofilm Cells (MBC-B)
Institutions: University of Ottawa.
This protocol allows for a direct comparison between planktonic and biofilm resistance for a bacterial strain that can form a biofilm in vitro
. Bacteria are inoculated into the wells of a 96-well microtiter plate. In the case of the planktonic assay, serial dilutions of the antimicrobial agent of choice are added to the bacterial suspensions. In the biofilm assay, once inoculated, the bacteria are left to form a biofilm over a set period of time. Unattached cells are removed from the wells, the media is replenished and serial dilutions of the antimicrobial agent of choice are added. After exposure to the antimicrobial agent, the planktonic cells are assayed for growth. For the biofilm assay, the media is refreshed with fresh media lacking the antimicrobial agent and the biofilm cells are left to recover. Biofilm cell viability is assayed after the recovery period. The MBC-P for the antimicrobial agent is defined as the lowest concentration of drug that kills the cells in the planktonic culture. In contrast, the MBC-B for a strain is determined by exposing preformed biofilms to increasing concentrations of antimicrobial agent for 24 hr. The MBC-B is defined as the lowest concentration of antimicrobial agent that kills the cells in the biofilm.
Immunology, Issue 83, biofilm, planktonic, antibiotic resistance, static, antibacterial, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)
Use of a High-throughput In Vitro Microfluidic System to Develop Oral Multi-species Biofilms
Institutions: The University of Michigan, Newcastle University.
There are few high-throughput in vitro
systems which facilitate the development of multi-species biofilms that contain numerous species commonly detected within in vivo
oral biofilms. Furthermore, a system that uses natural human saliva as the nutrient source, instead of artificial media, is particularly desirable in order to support the expression of cellular and biofilm-specific properties that mimic the in vivo
communities. We describe a method for the development of multi-species oral biofilms that are comparable, with respect to species composition, to supragingival dental plaque, under conditions similar to the human oral cavity. Specifically, this methods article will describe how a commercially available microfluidic system can be adapted to facilitate the development of multi-species oral biofilms derived from and grown within pooled saliva. Furthermore, a description of how the system can be used in conjunction with a confocal laser scanning microscope to generate 3-D biofilm reconstructions for architectural and viability analyses will be presented. Given the broad diversity of microorganisms that grow within biofilms in the microfluidic system (including Streptococcus
, and Porphyromonas
), a protocol will also be presented describing how to harvest the biofilm cells for further subculture or DNA extraction and analysis. The limits of both the microfluidic biofilm system and the current state-of-the-art data analyses will be addressed. Ultimately, it is envisioned that this article will provide a baseline technique that will improve the study of oral biofilms and aid in the development of additional technologies that can be integrated with the microfluidic platform.
Bioengineering, Issue 94, Dental plaque, biofilm, confocal laser scanning microscopy, three-dimensional structure, pyrosequencing, image analysis, image reconstruction, saliva, modeling, COMSTAT, IMARIS, IMAGEJ, multi-species biofilm communities.
Total Protein Extraction and 2-D Gel Electrophoresis Methods for Burkholderia Species
Institutions: University of British Columbia .
The investigation of the intracellular protein levels of bacterial species is of importance to understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of diseases caused by these organisms. Here we describe a procedure for protein extraction from Burkholderia
species based on mechanical lysis using glass beads in the presence of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride in phosphate buffered saline. This method can be used for different Burkholderia
species, for different growth conditions, and it is likely suitable for the use in proteomic studies of other bacteria. Following protein extraction, a two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis proteomic technique is described to study global changes in the proteomes of these organisms. This method consists of the separation of proteins according to their isoelectric point by isoelectric focusing in the first dimension, followed by separation on the basis of molecular weight by acrylamide gel electrophoresis in the second dimension. Visualization of separated proteins is carried out by silver staining.
Immunology, Issue 80, Bacteria, Aerobic, Gram-Negative Bacteria, Immune System Diseases, Respiratory Tract Diseases, Burkholderia, proteins, glass beads, 2-D gel electrophoresis
Using Coculture to Detect Chemically Mediated Interspecies Interactions
Institutions: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill .
In nature, bacteria rarely exist in isolation; they are instead surrounded by a diverse array of other microorganisms that alter the local environment by secreting metabolites. These metabolites have the potential to modulate the physiology and differentiation of their microbial neighbors and are likely important factors in the establishment and maintenance of complex microbial communities. We have developed a fluorescence-based coculture screen to identify such chemically mediated microbial interactions. The screen involves combining a fluorescent transcriptional reporter strain with environmental microbes on solid media and allowing the colonies to grow in coculture. The fluorescent transcriptional reporter is designed so that the chosen bacterial strain fluoresces when it is expressing a particular phenotype of interest (i.e.
biofilm formation, sporulation, virulence factor production, etc
.) Screening is performed under growth conditions where this phenotype is not
expressed (and therefore the reporter strain is typically nonfluorescent). When an environmental microbe secretes a metabolite that activates this phenotype, it diffuses through the agar and activates the fluorescent reporter construct. This allows the inducing-metabolite-producing microbe to be detected: they are the nonfluorescent colonies most proximal to the fluorescent colonies. Thus, this screen allows the identification of environmental microbes that produce diffusible metabolites that activate a particular physiological response in a reporter strain. This publication discusses how to: a) select appropriate coculture screening conditions, b) prepare the reporter and environmental microbes for screening, c) perform the coculture screen, d) isolate putative inducing organisms, and e) confirm their activity in a secondary screen. We developed this method to screen for soil organisms that activate biofilm matrix-production in Bacillus subtilis
; however, we also discuss considerations for applying this approach to other genetically tractable bacteria.
Microbiology, Issue 80, High-Throughput Screening Assays, Genes, Reporter, Microbial Interactions, Soil Microbiology, Coculture, microbial interactions, screen, fluorescent transcriptional reporters, Bacillus subtilis
Aseptic Laboratory Techniques: Plating Methods
Institutions: University of California, Los Angeles .
Microorganisms are present on all inanimate surfaces creating ubiquitous sources of possible contamination in the laboratory. Experimental success relies on the ability of a scientist to sterilize work surfaces and equipment as well as prevent contact of sterile instruments and solutions with non-sterile surfaces. Here we present the steps for several plating methods routinely used in the laboratory to isolate, propagate, or enumerate microorganisms such as bacteria and phage. All five methods incorporate aseptic technique, or procedures that maintain the sterility of experimental materials. Procedures described include (1) streak-plating bacterial cultures to isolate single colonies, (2) pour-plating and (3) spread-plating to enumerate viable bacterial colonies, (4) soft agar overlays to isolate phage and enumerate plaques, and (5) replica-plating to transfer cells from one plate to another in an identical spatial pattern. These procedures can be performed at the laboratory bench, provided they involve non-pathogenic strains of microorganisms (Biosafety Level 1, BSL-1). If working with BSL-2 organisms, then these manipulations must take place in a biosafety cabinet. Consult the most current edition of the Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories
(BMBL) as well as Material Safety Data Sheets
(MSDS) for Infectious Substances to determine the biohazard classification as well as the safety precautions and containment facilities required for the microorganism in question. Bacterial strains and phage stocks can be obtained from research investigators, companies, and collections maintained by particular organizations such as the American Type Culture Collection
(ATCC). It is recommended that non-pathogenic strains be used when learning the various plating methods. By following the procedures described in this protocol, students should be able to:
● Perform plating procedures without contaminating media.
● Isolate single bacterial colonies by the streak-plating method.
● Use pour-plating and spread-plating methods to determine the concentration of bacteria.
● Perform soft agar overlays when working with phage.
● Transfer bacterial cells from one plate to another using the replica-plating procedure.
● Given an experimental task, select the appropriate plating method.
Basic Protocols, Issue 63, Streak plates, pour plates, soft agar overlays, spread plates, replica plates, bacteria, colonies, phage, plaques, dilutions
Mapping Bacterial Functional Networks and Pathways in Escherichia Coli using Synthetic Genetic Arrays
Institutions: University of Toronto, University of Toronto, University of Regina.
Phenotypes are determined by a complex series of physical (e.g.
protein-protein) and functional (e.g.
gene-gene or genetic) interactions (GI)1
. While physical interactions can indicate which bacterial proteins are associated as complexes, they do not necessarily reveal pathway-level functional relationships1. GI screens, in which the growth of double mutants bearing two deleted or inactivated genes is measured and compared to the corresponding single mutants, can illuminate epistatic dependencies between loci and hence provide a means to query and discover novel functional relationships2
. Large-scale GI maps have been reported for eukaryotic organisms like yeast3-7
, but GI information remains sparse for prokaryotes8
, which hinders the functional annotation of bacterial genomes. To this end, we and others have developed high-throughput quantitative bacterial GI screening methods9, 10
Here, we present the key steps required to perform quantitative E. coli
Synthetic Genetic Array (eSGA) screening procedure on a genome-scale9
, using natural bacterial conjugation and homologous recombination to systemically generate and measure the fitness of large numbers of double mutants in a colony array format.
Briefly, a robot is used to transfer, through conjugation, chloramphenicol (Cm) - marked mutant alleles from engineered Hfr (High frequency of recombination) 'donor strains' into an ordered array of kanamycin (Kan) - marked F- recipient strains. Typically, we use loss-of-function single mutants bearing non-essential gene deletions (e.g.
the 'Keio' collection11
) and essential gene hypomorphic mutations (i.e.
alleles conferring reduced protein expression, stability, or activity9, 12, 13
) to query the functional associations of non-essential and essential genes, respectively. After conjugation and ensuing genetic exchange mediated by homologous recombination, the resulting double mutants are selected on solid medium containing both antibiotics. After outgrowth, the plates are digitally imaged and colony sizes are quantitatively scored using an in-house automated image processing system14
. GIs are revealed when the growth rate of a double mutant is either significantly better or worse than expected9
. Aggravating (or negative) GIs often result between loss-of-function mutations in pairs of genes from compensatory pathways that impinge on the same essential process2
. Here, the loss of a single gene is buffered, such that either single mutant is viable. However, the loss of both pathways is deleterious and results in synthetic lethality or sickness (i.e.
slow growth). Conversely, alleviating (or positive) interactions can occur between genes in the same pathway or protein complex2
as the deletion of either gene alone is often sufficient to perturb the normal function of the pathway or complex such that additional perturbations do not reduce activity, and hence growth, further. Overall, systematically identifying and analyzing GI networks can provide unbiased, global maps of the functional relationships between large numbers of genes, from which pathway-level information missed by other approaches can be inferred9
Genetics, Issue 69, Molecular Biology, Medicine, Biochemistry, Microbiology, Aggravating, alleviating, conjugation, double mutant, Escherichia coli, genetic interaction, Gram-negative bacteria, homologous recombination, network, synthetic lethality or sickness, suppression
Use of Galleria mellonella as a Model Organism to Study Legionella pneumophila Infection
Institutions: Imperial College London.
, the causative agent of a severe pneumonia named Legionnaires' disease, is an important human pathogen that infects and replicates within alveolar macrophages. Its virulence depends on the Dot/Icm type IV secretion system (T4SS), which is essential to establish a replication permissive vacuole known as the Legionella
containing vacuole (LCV). L. pneumophila
infection can be modeled in mice however most mouse strains are not permissive, leading to the search for novel infection models. We have recently shown that the larvae of the wax moth Galleria mellonella
are suitable for investigation of L. pneumophila
infection. G. mellonella
is increasingly used as an infection model for human pathogens and a good correlation exists between virulence of several bacterial species in the insect and in mammalian models. A key component of the larvae's immune defenses are hemocytes, professional phagocytes, which take up and destroy invaders. L. pneumophila
is able to infect, form a LCV and replicate within these cells. Here we demonstrate protocols for analyzing L. pneumophila
virulence in the G. mellonella
model, including how to grow infectious L. pneumophila
, pretreat the larvae with inhibitors, infect the larvae and how to extract infected cells for quantification and immunofluorescence microscopy. We also describe how to quantify bacterial replication and fitness in competition assays. These approaches allow for the rapid screening of mutants to determine factors important in L. pneumophila
virulence, describing a new tool to aid our understanding of this complex pathogen.
Infection, Issue 81, Bacterial Infections, Infection, Disease Models, Animal, Bacterial Infections and Mycoses, Galleria mellonella, Legionella pneumophila, insect model, bacterial infection, Legionnaires' disease, haemocytes
Genetic Manipulation in Δku80 Strains for Functional Genomic Analysis of Toxoplasma gondii
Institutions: The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth.
Targeted genetic manipulation using homologous recombination is the method of choice for functional genomic analysis to obtain a detailed view of gene function and phenotype(s). The development of mutant strains with targeted gene deletions, targeted mutations, complemented gene function, and/or tagged genes provides powerful strategies to address gene function, particularly if these genetic manipulations can be efficiently targeted to the gene locus of interest using integration mediated by double cross over homologous recombination.
Due to very high rates of nonhomologous recombination, functional genomic analysis of Toxoplasma gondii
has been previously limited by the absence of efficient methods for targeting gene deletions and gene replacements to specific genetic loci. Recently, we abolished the major pathway of nonhomologous recombination in type I and type II strains of T. gondii
by deleting the gene encoding the KU80 protein1,2
. The Δku80
strains behave normally during tachyzoite (acute) and bradyzoite (chronic) stages in vitro
and in vivo
and exhibit essentially a 100% frequency of homologous recombination. The Δku80
strains make functional genomic studies feasible on the single gene as well as on the genome scale1-4
Here, we report methods for using type I and type II Δku80Δhxgprt
strains to advance gene targeting approaches in T. gondii
. We outline efficient methods for generating gene deletions, gene replacements, and tagged genes by targeted insertion or deletion of the hypoxanthine-xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HXGPRT
) selectable marker. The described gene targeting protocol can be used in a variety of ways in Δku80
strains to advance functional analysis of the parasite genome and to develop single strains that carry multiple targeted genetic manipulations. The application of this genetic method and subsequent phenotypic assays will reveal fundamental and unique aspects of the biology of T. gondii
and related significant human pathogens that cause malaria (Plasmodium
sp.) and cryptosporidiosis (Cryptosporidium
Infectious Diseases, Issue 77, Genetics, Microbiology, Infection, Medicine, Immunology, Molecular Biology, Cellular Biology, Biomedical Engineering, Bioengineering, Genomics, Parasitology, Pathology, Apicomplexa, Coccidia, Toxoplasma, Genetic Techniques, Gene Targeting, Eukaryota, Toxoplasma gondii, genetic manipulation, gene targeting, gene deletion, gene replacement, gene tagging, homologous recombination, DNA, sequencing
In Vivo Modeling of the Morbid Human Genome using Danio rerio
Institutions: Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Duke University Medical Center.
Here, we present methods for the development of assays to query potentially clinically significant nonsynonymous changes using in vivo
complementation in zebrafish. Zebrafish (Danio rerio
) are a useful animal system due to their experimental tractability; embryos are transparent to enable facile viewing, undergo rapid development ex vivo,
and can be genetically manipulated.1
These aspects have allowed for significant advances in the analysis of embryogenesis, molecular processes, and morphogenetic signaling. Taken together, the advantages of this vertebrate model make zebrafish highly amenable to modeling the developmental defects in pediatric disease, and in some cases, adult-onset disorders. Because the zebrafish genome is highly conserved with that of humans (~70% orthologous), it is possible to recapitulate human disease states in zebrafish. This is accomplished either through the injection of mutant human mRNA to induce dominant negative or gain of function alleles, or utilization of morpholino (MO) antisense oligonucleotides to suppress genes to mimic loss of function variants. Through complementation of MO-induced phenotypes with capped human mRNA, our approach enables the interpretation of the deleterious effect of mutations on human protein sequence based on the ability of mutant mRNA to rescue a measurable, physiologically relevant phenotype. Modeling of the human disease alleles occurs through microinjection of zebrafish embryos with MO and/or human mRNA at the 1-4 cell stage, and phenotyping up to seven days post fertilization (dpf). This general strategy can be extended to a wide range of disease phenotypes, as demonstrated in the following protocol. We present our established models for morphogenetic signaling, craniofacial, cardiac, vascular integrity, renal function, and skeletal muscle disorder phenotypes, as well as others.
Molecular Biology, Issue 78, Genetics, Biomedical Engineering, Medicine, Developmental Biology, Biochemistry, Anatomy, Physiology, Bioengineering, Genomics, Medical, zebrafish, in vivo, morpholino, human disease modeling, transcription, PCR, mRNA, DNA, Danio rerio, animal model
Isolation of Fidelity Variants of RNA Viruses and Characterization of Virus Mutation Frequency
Institutions: Institut Pasteur .
RNA viruses use RNA dependent RNA polymerases to replicate their genomes. The intrinsically high error rate of these enzymes is a large contributor to the generation of extreme population diversity that facilitates virus adaptation and evolution. Increasing evidence shows that the intrinsic error rates, and the resulting mutation frequencies, of RNA viruses can be modulated by subtle amino acid changes to the viral polymerase. Although biochemical assays exist for some viral RNA polymerases that permit quantitative measure of incorporation fidelity, here we describe a simple method of measuring mutation frequencies of RNA viruses that has proven to be as accurate as biochemical approaches in identifying fidelity altering mutations. The approach uses conventional virological and sequencing techniques that can be performed in most biology laboratories. Based on our experience with a number of different viruses, we have identified the key steps that must be optimized to increase the likelihood of isolating fidelity variants and generating data of statistical significance. The isolation and characterization of fidelity altering mutations can provide new insights into polymerase structure and function1-3
. Furthermore, these fidelity variants can be useful tools in characterizing mechanisms of virus adaptation and evolution4-7
Immunology, Issue 52, Polymerase fidelity, RNA virus, mutation frequency, mutagen, RNA polymerase, viral evolution
Microtiter Dish Biofilm Formation Assay
Institutions: Dartmouth Medical School.
Biofilms are communities of microbes attached to surfaces, which can be found in medical, industrial and natural settings. In fact, life in a biofilm probably represents the predominate mode of growth for microbes in most environments. Mature biofilms have a few distinct characteristics. Biofilm microbes are typically surrounded by an extracellular matrix that provides structure and protection to the community. Microbes growing in a biofilm also have a characteristic architecture generally comprised of macrocolonies (containing thousands of cells) surrounded by fluid-filled channels. Biofilm-grown microbes are also notorious for their resistance to a range of antimicrobial agents including clinically relevant antibiotics.
The microtiter dish assay is an important tool for the study of the early stages in biofilm formation, and has been applied primarily for the study of bacterial biofilms, although this assay has also been used to study fungal biofilm formation. Because this assay uses static, batch-growth conditions, it does not allow for the formation of the mature biofilms typically associated with flow cell systems. However, the assay has been effective at identifying many factors required for initiation of biofilm formation (i.e, flagella, pili, adhesins, enzymes involved in cyclic-di-GMP binding and metabolism) and well as genes involved in extracellular polysaccharide production. Furthermore, published work indicates that biofilms grown in microtiter dishes do develop some properties of mature biofilms, such a antibiotic tolerance and resistance to immune system effectors.
This simple microtiter dish assay allows for the formation of a biofilm on the wall and/or bottom of a microtiter dish. The high throughput nature of the assay makes it useful for genetic screens, as well as testing biofilm formation by multiple strains under various growth conditions. Variants of this assay have been used to assess early biofilm formation for a wide variety of microbes, including but not limited to, pseudomonads, Vibrio cholerae
, Escherichia coli
In the protocol described here, we will focus on the use of this assay to study biofilm formation by the model organism Pseudomonas aeruginosa
. In this assay, the extent of biofilm formation is measured using the dye crystal violet (CV). However, a number of other colorimetric and metabolic stains have been reported for the quantification of biofilm formation using the microtiter plate assay. The ease, low cost and flexibility of the microtiter plate assay has made it a critical tool for the study of biofilms.
Immunology, Issue 47, Biofilm, assay, bacteria, fungi, microtiter, static
Microbial Communities in Nature and Laboratory - Interview
Institutions: MIT - Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Microbiology, issue 4, microbial community, biofilm, genome
Use of Arabidopsis eceriferum Mutants to Explore Plant Cuticle Biosynthesis
Institutions: University of British Columbia - UBC, University of British Columbia - UBC.
The plant cuticle is a waxy outer covering on plants that has a primary role in water conservation, but is also an important barrier against the entry of pathogenic microorganisms. The cuticle is made up of a tough crosslinked polymer called "cutin" and a protective wax layer that seals the plant surface. The waxy layer of the cuticle is obvious on many plants, appearing as a shiny film on the ivy leaf or as a dusty outer covering on the surface of a grape or a cabbage leaf thanks to light scattering crystals present in the wax. Because the cuticle is an essential adaptation of plants to a terrestrial environment, understanding the genes involved in plant cuticle formation has applications in both agriculture and forestry. Today, we'll show the analysis of plant cuticle mutants identified by forward and reverse genetics approaches.
Plant Biology, Issue 16, Annual Review, Cuticle, Arabidopsis, Eceriferum Mutants, Cryso-SEM, Gas Chromatography
In vitro Biofilm Formation in an 8-well Chamber Slide
Institutions: The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital.
The chronic nature of many diseases is attributed to the formation of bacterial biofilms which are recalcitrant to traditional antibiotic therapy. Biofilms are community-associated bacteria attached to a surface and encased in a matrix. The role of the extracellular matrix is multifaceted, including facilitating nutrient acquisition, and offers significant protection against environmental stresses (e.g. host immune responses). In an effort to acquire a better understanding as to how the bacteria within a biofilm respond to environmental stresses we have used a protocol wherein we visualize bacterial biofilms which have formed in an 8-well chamber slide. The biofilms were stained with the BacLight Live/Dead stain and examined using a confocal microscope to characterize the relative biofilm size, and structure under varying incubation conditions. Z-stack images were collected via confocal microscopy and analyzed by COMSTAT. This protocol can be used to help elucidate the mechanism and kinetics by which biofilms form, as well as identify components that are important to biofilm structure and stability.
Infectious Disease, Issue 47, confocal microscopy, therapeutic approaches, chamber slide | <urn:uuid:408afcbd-b3bb-4b6e-ad2d-2e3a96676f66> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.jove.com/visualize/abstract/24223950/identification-predicted-trimeric-autotransporter-adhesin-required | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721387.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00447-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.89278 | 10,503 | 3.1875 | 3 |
While the Liberals have failed to deliver a net neutral ‘price on pollution’, let alone actually reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the Conservatives have failed to convince the public that a carbon tax is bad policy. Prime Minister Justin Trudeau (pictured) announces the federal carbon tax at Humber College in Toronto on Oct. 23, 2018. Photo credit: Government of Canada
Well, Conservatives. You were right.
You might have missed it last week with news of the Liberal-NDP pact dominating media coverage, but the Parliamentary Budget Officer (PBO) came out with a report highlighting the impact of the federal carbon tax on household incomes.
It turns out that for most provinces, including Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba and Ontario, the federal carbon tax isn’t in fact net neutral as the Liberals have claimed, but will result in a “net loss”. For middle class households, this means a hefty price tag of upwards of thousands of dollars more in additional costs.
So, credit where credit is due. Like with the Liberal-NDP coalition, again, the Conservatives were right. Prices are going to continue to go up, and there won’t be sufficient rebates to offset the total cost of the carbon tax.
But should this be considered a win for the Conservatives?
On one hand, the Liberal carbon tax hasn’t actually contributed to a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, targets the Liberals consistently fail to meet, and has only increased the overall tax burden. But on the other hand, and try as they might, the Conservatives have failed to convince the voting public that the carbon tax is a flawed policy.
So, if it’s bad public policy but the majority of voting Canadians support it, what’s a Conservative to do? The truth is that there are virtually no credible policy alternatives in the minds of experts. That leaves only political solutions.
It’s been proven time and again that it is easy to rail against the status quo, and less so to come up with an actual policy solution to the problem. Just ask Erin O’Toole. Attacking the carbon tax without putting a credible solution in the window may lead to scoring cheap points on your opponent, but those don’t necessarily translate into votes. In politics, sometimes accepting defeat and moving on is a solution in and of itself (just ask anti-free trade Liberals).
That’s one option, and it’s an option I know Conservatives hate.
Another option would be to use a change election, presumably the one expected in 2025, as an opportunity to completely sidestep the climate change question with centrist voters who will be far more concerned with ensuring the current crop of Liberals aren’t holding the reins on our economy.
Once elected, Conservatives have the opportunity to use the power of the government itself to discredit the carbon tax in the minds of voters through an open and transparent review that reveals more information about the effectiveness of the policy and how it contributes to the cost of living in Canada.
As Canadians are expected to make more and more tough decisions in their personal lives with respect to what they can afford, they deserve to know how much a policy decision is going to cost them. Once there is a public discussion driven by facts about the true cost of the carbon tax, maybe then Canadians will begin to reject the policy in more substantive numbers.
After all, there are no awards for being right in politics, only for good timing and a lot of luck. So, if Conservatives are unwilling to move on, perhaps the cost-of-living crisis is just the opportunity they need to find creative solutions to end the carbon tax debate once and for all.
Josie Sabatino is a Senior Consultant at Summa Strategies, focused on providing strategic insight and helping clients meet their objectives in an ever changing and complex political and regulatory environment. Prior to joining Summa, Josie spent nearly a decade in political communications and most recently served as the Director of Communications to the Hon. Erin O’Toole, former Leader of the Official Opposition. | <urn:uuid:87667597-ac4b-4635-95f9-bfa7b12bf242> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hamiltonindependent.ca/it-doesnt-matter-who-is-right-or-wrong-on-the-carbon-tax-debate-the-public-holds-all-the-cards/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00069.warc.gz | en | 0.95429 | 837 | 2.015625 | 2 |
UCL Centre for Systems Engineering
- About UCLse
- Graduate Taught Courses
- Research and PhDs
- Short Courses
- Customised Training
Tweets by @UCLse
Students must take four Core Modules and choose two Optional Modules. Each taught module is worth 15 credits. Assessment is performed through a combination of in-class exercises, written assignments, tests and 1.5 hour exams.
Core modules (apart from Technology Strategy) are taught as a series of half-day sessions. Technology Strategy and optional modules (apart from Project Management) are delivered as one-week blocks.
1The Project Management module is delivered in partnership with UCL School of Management as a series of 2-hour sessions over the course of a term.
Page last modified on 26 jul 16 10:46 | <urn:uuid:d776d4b2-c24c-47cf-a57e-2489fb56bb00> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ucl.ac.uk/syseng/pg-taught/tm/taught-modules | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00188-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.898408 | 173 | 1.703125 | 2 |
These glasses can tell you how knackered you are
The tech world is slowly drowning in gadgets that track everything from how much you've eaten and how far you've walked, to how fast you've cycled and how well you've slept. And now there's another life-logging gadget to add to the list - eye-tracking smartglasses.
Tokyo eyewear maker Jins' Meme glasses don't have a camera or a fancy screen like Google Glass. They won't tell you where the nearest KFC is, or record a video clip of two squirrels frolicking in a fountain.
Instead, they're able to measure how tired you are. You know, just in case you can't quite manage to figure it out yourself.
While we generally have a pretty good grip on our alertness, we do occasionally find ourselves waking up with a book covering our faces, or the end credits of a film rolling away, having missed most of the action.
Nodding off behind the wheel is one example where being more tired than you think you are is actually dangerous, so knowing when you need to take a break and get some caffeine in your blood could genuinely be useful.
They can also let you know when you're straining your eyes too much while staring at a screen, and can even let you navigate through your smartphone's screen using nothing but your eyes.
An SDK will also be available for developers to make compatible apps for the specs, and three models which support prescription lenses will be available.
Although the company hasn’t divulged specific pricing details yet, reports claim that we're looking at an early 2015 release date in Japan.
There's no word on international availability, but we'll keep you posted of any UK release dates, if and when they ever crop up.
[via PC World] | <urn:uuid:8a064ce2-10a1-4b38-9c16-75c351f68a2e> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.stuff.tv/news/these-glasses-can-measure-how-knackered-you-are | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720380.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00056-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952145 | 379 | 1.554688 | 2 |
Rheingau - rumour has it was here where Charlemagne had a vineyard and where the concept of 'Spätlese' (late harvest) was invented in the 18th century (albeit by accident). While red wine is on the rise pretty much everywhere else in Germany, the Rheingau (think of the Rhine near Wiesbaden/Frankfurt) is still unchallenged Riesling country. The Künstler family are among the most prominent producers in the area, known mostly for the Riesling from the 'Hölle' (literally 'hell') and 'Kirchenstück' ('church piece') vineyards.
The colour is a pale citrus, a little shiny round the edges, with greenish notes. The nose is a little reserved at first, with yeasty notes, but soon opens up to show off delicate, precise stone fruit and melon, very fine mineral and refreshing lime, all embedded in subtle kerosene and paraffin notes. Not an in your face bouquet, but very well defined.
On the tongue yeast makes a quick appearance, which together with a little fizz and a tanginess at first gives it a very young appearance. Fruit comes out a little slowly, but eventually is almost juicy, lots of peach, some apricot and even a hint of blackberry - again well defined, with lively acidity and good mineral. Good finish too.
The Künstler Riesling is a little quiet at first, but don't mistake that for shyness - it has a strong core. Nicely done! | <urn:uuid:ecaf2c50-6bdf-462c-b4f3-1d97e4125fab> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.winerambler.net/wine/kuenstler-kirchenstueck-riesling-kabinett-trocken-2008 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.954055 | 338 | 1.570313 | 2 |
What is SEO?
Search Engine Optimization is a magic to have more leads and opportunities
1. User experience matters
SEO is as simple as knowing the scale that Google uses to rate your website. And you’re in luck, Google tells you part of it.
Here’s what you need to prove your credentials to Google:
- Connect your website to all the services that Google offers: Google Analytics, Google Search Console, Google My Business, YouTube… Google did not create them to please you. It created them to collect and analyze as much information about you as possible.
- Respect the basics of one-page SEO. The titles of your pages must be <h1> and the subtitles <h2>. (Ask your dev/CTO if you don’t understand what that means.)
2. Mobile first is Google rule
Look around you, people are on their phones. If you don’t have a mobile version, go and make one. Google already knocks down sites that do not have one.
3. Have an SSL certificate (from http to https)
More & more browsers like Google Chrome blocks sites in http, which they see as unsafe. So you must have an SSL certificate, otherwise you’ll soon find that you aren’t referenced in Google.
➡ Free SSL certificate right here.
WordPress, Joomla & Drupal.
4. Page loading speed is not a joke
5. Learn about Google's Ranking
- Google Title or <title> (what will be displayed when presenting a URL in Google): Make it different from the H1! 65-80 characters preferably (for visibility on mobile). Keep in mind that the first word will have more weight than the second, and the second than the third, etc. Also, avoid “|” in titles, use dashes instead. Finally, a certain school of SEO claims that articles (ex: “the”) are no longer taken into account by Google. Personally, I don’t believe this, because I’ve experienced the opposite. For safety, keep the articles in the H1 of your page, and remove them for the Google Title.
- H1: different from the Google Title! Do not exceed 80 characters if at all possible.
- URL: Ideally, 3–4 words. Delete articles. Really think about the shortcut that the user will search in Google (ex: “wedding planning tips” ➡ yourstartupwebsite.com/wedding-planning-tips). Here again, the first word will have more weight than the second, and the second than the third, etc.
- Meta Description (what will be displayed to describe a URL in Google): Preferably, 80-120 characters. WARNING: A certain SEO theory says that this criterion does not affect the ranking of a page but instead affects the click rate, as it is the commercial text that makes the user want to click or not. I’d note though that when doing a search, Google highlights the keywords you entered in the meta description of each URL that appears in the search results. My advice: Write a meta description using synonyms of the terms used in the Google title.
- H2: Preferably, 70-80 characters. Go into more detail than the H1 (ex: if H1 is “Dog food: dry food, treats…”, the H2 can be “Vegan dry food and treats for dogs made in France”. Otherwise, as people are searching more and more in “question” format, especially via voice search (Siri, Alexa, Google Home…), you can also try something like: “How many treats a day can I give to my dog ?”
Note: It has been proven that the Meta Keywords tag has zero impact on SEO, so it’s useless to indicate it.
6. Write SEO focused content
Try to make each page contain more than 800 words. Beyond that, don’t wrack your brain: write quality content and address a maximum of topics related to your big topic/industry. Try not to hammer keywords, Google punishes this. Use as many synonyms as possible. There is also a trick for Google to identify your business pages as blog posts, which is much better in its eyes: Avoid business vocabulary (ex: “quote request”). Instead, use terms like “advice”, “good idea”, etc., since Google prefers that you advise Internet users rather than selling them something 😉 For Google, sales are done through Google Ads, and sharing valuable information through free search (SEO).
When I talk with entrepreneurs, they always ask me “How do I choose the right keywords? I want to put lots of keywords!” But all there is to say is “Produce good content.” Content that you would like to read yourself. People will love to consume it, and Google will see that people spend time on your site, with the help of Google Analytics (refer to Rule N°1 😉)
8. Localization is important
- You must have a Google My Business account to be referenced in the geolocated search results.
- You must have as many customers as possible rating you 5/5 ⭐️ and giving good reviews
9. Don't copy
Make sure every page has different content for all of those elements: Google title, Meta description, H1/H2, page’s content. And ESPECIALLY, never steal content from another site. Google dates it every time new content appears.
Credit: Maxime Blondel | <urn:uuid:e7381370-b05e-4ca1-a14a-e3ce760fee09> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://digi-consultant.com/blog/seo-startups | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00264.warc.gz | en | 0.922308 | 1,201 | 1.671875 | 2 |
Coping with Infertility? You CAN get pregnant!
Infertility is a fairly common issue that affects almost 15% of all US couples at some point of their life. A lot of these couples are able to conceive naturally with mere lifestyle modification, while some may require treatment in the form of supplements and medications.
In still a small percentage, different assisted fertilization techniques are needed.
What Causes Infertility?
Infertility has multiple causes, which can usually be determined with your doctor:
Hormonal (imbalance of certain reproductive hormones like estrogen, progesterone, luteinizing hormone or other endocrine hormones that affect the integrity of reproductive system like insulin and thyroid hormone)
Physical (that deals with systemic issues like pelvic inflammatory disease, pelvic adhesions, abnormalities of the uterus or fallopian tubes and other factors that interferes with the motility of egg or sperm across female genital tract)
Environmental that includes exogenous or endogenous toxins that destroy or damage the DNA of sensitive sperm or egg or zygote leading to infertility. These factors include cigarette smoke, alcohol, chemical exposure, radiations or other environmental agents.
What If All My Tests Come Back Saying I'm Healthy and Fertile?
There is also the prognosis of "indeterminate infertility", which means you and your partner are both fertile, and your doctor doesn't have a clue why you're not getting pregnant.
If this is the case, you should try holistic methods such as diet, nutrition, hormonal balance through herbal suppliments, acupuncture and acupressure. All these methods can help you get pregnant naturally.
There are two aspects of using pharmacological interventions for the treatment of infertility. One deals with treatment of the underlying pathology or systemic issue that is interfering with conception. The other deals with enhancing the chances of conception by promoting natural processes like ovulation, fertilization and implantation.
Depending upon the primary cause of infertility, special hormonal supplements can also be prescribed like:
Follicular Stimulating hormone (Bravelle)
Human chorionic gonadotropin (Ovidrel, Pregnyl)
Your healthcare provider will prescribe one or more of these medications depending upon your hormonal tests and bloodwork.
Apart from these medications that treat the primary hormonal deficiencies, other medications are the supplements that help to provide a better environment for the` stability of sperms and eggs.
These supplements include Folate, Calcium, Multi-vitamins, Zinc, Magnesium and others.
Assisted reproductive techniques:
If none of the above techniques are successful for a period of 2 years, you always have an option of utilizing assisted reproductive techniques such as:
This is a technique that is employed when the semen contains morphologically abnormal or unhealthy sperms. The semen samples are collected and are artificially concentrated to allow re-introduction within female genital tract. This process enables the delivery of more healthy sperms that are more capable of fertilizing the egg.
The procedure deals with introduction of a zygote (already fertilized egg and sperm in blastocyst stage) inside maternal womb. This is perhaps one of the most popular and widely used methods with very high success rate. IVF is employed in female partners, who are unable to conceive as a result of previous pelvic surgery, pelvic inflammatory disease, endometeriosis and other similar issues that limit the passage of sperm through female genital tract.
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection:
This is another popular procedure that deals with direct injection of a healthy sperm into maternal ovum. Resulting product of Intracytoplasmic sperm injection is transported to maternal uterus for a healthy pregnancy.
The success rate of each procedure varies according to the maternal health, expertise of the healthcare provider and caution taken after the procedure. | <urn:uuid:c3ac4423-2359-497f-bd21-3a5d6492665e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.copingwithinfertility.com/?p=15 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00343-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.911635 | 782 | 2.1875 | 2 |
But Isn't Christianity Anti-Learning?
BY Jennifer Fulwiler
| Posted 4/18/11 at 7:39 AM
Father Tim Finigan has a great little post over at The Hermeneutic of Continuity in which he points out, among other things, that the traditional vestments worn at Western graduation ceremonies come directly from universities’ religious pasts. It is quite striking: When I first looked at the picture of the graduation procession in his post, I assumed it was a shot from some kind of church service.
Any modern person immersed in secular wisdom knows that Christianity is an antiquated, superstitious belief system that is antithetical to reason and learning. The religious nuts can sit around and talk about fairies and angels and all the other silly stuff that interests them, but people who really value truth and the pursuit of knowledge set all that aside in order to get a real education.
Interesting, then, that it’s so easy to mistake a photo of a university graduation with a Christian religious event. The iconic square academic cap, or mortarboard, comes to us directly from the birettas worn by Catholic clergy, just as the robes and capes come from the Church’s roba and cappa clausa.
And let’s take a look at some of the original mottos of some of the world’s great universities:
And so on. In fact, a list of the mottos of old universities would leave one with the distinct impression that a love of God ignites a great love of learning. To quote the founders of Harvard, from their Rules and Precepts of 1646:
Let every Student be plainly instructed, and earnestly pressed to consider well, the maine end of his life and studies is, to know God and Jesus Christ which is eternal life (John 17:3) and therefore to lay Christ in the bottome, as the only foundation of all sound knowledge and Learning. And seeing the Lord only giveth wisedome, Let every one seriously set himself by prayer in secret to seeke it of him (Prov. 2:3).
There are a lot of elephants squeezed into the room in the faith vs. learning debate, but the biggest one is this: Most of the people who claim that Christianity hampers enlightened thought were educated in a system founded by Christians. How can you say that religion and the pursuit of knowledge don’t go together when many of the world’s most distinguished institutions of higher learning mention God in their founding mottos? How can you ignore the fact that a love of Jesus Christ built the halls of Harvard? Not only are belief in God and a love of learning not incompatible but, as the history of universities shows, a great zeal for knowledge is in fact a natural result of belief in God.
Copyright © 2013 EWTN News, Inc. All rights reserved. | <urn:uuid:8af3ee2f-f26a-4fe5-a87f-0b1ee5f52062> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.ncregister.com/site/print_article/28718 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720238.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00188-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953848 | 600 | 1.570313 | 2 |
The ionic bases of the "positive" afterpotential (ap) have been examined in the so-called DInhi neurons of the central nervous system of Cryptomphallus aspersa. In these cells E(K) has been determined and its value compared with the equilibrium, potential of the ap (E(ap)). It has been found that in half of the studied cells the E(K) value is very close to E(ap) whereas in another half, the difference (E(K) - E(ap)) is large and amounts to circa -10 mv. The effects of changes in the concentration gradients of K(+), Cl(-), and Na(+) were assayed in both groups of cells. When the [K(i)/[K](o) ratio is reduced in both groups of neurons, the ap amplitude and the E(ap) diminished. In cells displaying a large (E(K) - E(ap)), Cl-free Ringer's solution diminished the ap amplitude and E(ap), but produced no effect in the neurons with a reduced (E(K) - E(ap)). A similar effect was observed if [Cl], was increased by intracellular injection of NaCl. Changes in both [Na](o) and [Na](i) were ineffective. It is concluded that K(+) is the only ion involved in the origin of the ap in the groups of cells with a low value for (E(K) - E(ap)). On the contrary, the ap of the neurons presenting large (E(K) - E(ap)) is produced by a simultaneous increase in the fluxes of both K(+) and Cl(-). | <urn:uuid:11b148ee-7fee-4e15-b4e4-b4366c7db361> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.researchgate.net/publication/17151858_Two_Different_Ionic_Mechanisms_Generating_the_Spike_Positive_Afterpotential_in_Molluscan_Neurons | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.967108 | 350 | 1.789063 | 2 |
Review rating most important for businesses
Online customer reviews have more influence than most other marketing communications, according to new research from Northumbria University, Newcastle.
The study, led by senior lecturer Dr Raffaele Filieri, was published in the Journal of Business Research and shows that consumers often use the overall star ranking given by a reviewer when selecting a product to purchase. The credibility of online reviews does not seem to be taken into consideration, with many people neglecting to check the review content or source.
Dr Raffaele Filieri said: “For a specialist, small business a positive review means a lot – it means money. Only a very limited number of people check the credibility of a reviewer and so my results show that credibility is not important for consumer decisions, rather the overall ranking and a product’s features rating.”
Filieri added: “Very few consumers will read more than 10 reviews before making the decision to buy a product or service – what’s important, to evaluate a product’s quality and performance, is the quality of information in those few reviews.”
The results of the study could have implications for online marketing in many sectors, including the beauty industry. Filleri said: “It is paramount for marketers to understand what makes online consumer reviews helpful and how this process affects a customer’s decisions. If you have a good product then this way the customer can do the marketing for you. This is proving much more effective than spending thousands of pounds on advertising.”
Sign in to see recommended stories here. | <urn:uuid:d7a7666c-ecd1-411c-bc5c-0df071c454d9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.cosmeticsbusiness.com/news/article_page/Online_reviews_have_most_influence_on_consumers/110719 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00407-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953002 | 326 | 2.0625 | 2 |
I'm planning to build a PC with this motherboard http://amzn.to/111HOGl and this case http://amzn.to/YFid7p
The case comes with 4 built in fans a front a side a back and a top fan. I also want to install 2 extra fans, 1 for the top and 1 for for the side panel. I'm sort of new to pc building and i'm unsure how I will connect all the 6 case fans when the motherboard has only 5 fan headers and one of them is for the CPU fan. I know that you can connect a fan directly to your psu but unsure how and can you just use the 3 pin connector to connect it to the PSU? This is the PSU i plan to get http://amzn.to/1791dG3 .Also will the fan cables be long enough to connect to the fan headers or will i need a fan cable extender? | <urn:uuid:78ebf5a6-b505-40a0-ae07-20fa19ac14f9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://forum.level1techs.com/t/how-can-i-connect-my-case-fans/24269 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00069.warc.gz | en | 0.895716 | 195 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Teachers spend a good deal of time encouraging students to write in a way that communicates if not everything, at least something. No news in the fact that they don't always succeed witness all the "they said what?!" blooper lists circulating on the Internet.
But given what one assumes is teachers' special appreciation for the declarative sentence and recognized vocabulary, it can be puzzling to read some of the memos emerging from the very places where our hopes for the future are soaking up the meaning of clarity.
Educators have long had a soft spot for jargon. Tests, for example, are norm-referenced or standards-referenced. Say what? Parents can be forgiven if they mistake the ITBS for the CTBS, and they might be surprised to find a child taking the SAT the Stanford Achievement Test, that is, not the College Board exam. It's enough to make you think you're at the party with Alice and the Duchess.
I, for one, have long assumed this phenomenon was connected with the American love of shorthand. But it turns out that this is also a problem in the land of the Queen's English. A survey by the British Department of Education found that one-quarter of parents were puzzled by the jargon in state school communiqués. One-third, for example, didn't know what a home-school agreement was a fact the report found "somewhat concerning, given that all parents should have been invited to sign [one]." Another term, "baseline assessment," flew right past nearly half of parents.
Still, 72 percent wanted to be more involved in activities at their children's schools. Who knows? Maybe that percentage would be even higher if parents were sure exactly what they were signing up for. | <urn:uuid:f5803dc6-c9b8-4bb0-8b5d-64822a85e66a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.csmonitor.com/2002/0430/p12s02-legn.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00485-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.975159 | 357 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Saturday, September 24,
2:00 p.m. & 7:30 p.m.
Keauhou finds passion and joy in the performance,
preservation, and perpetuation of traditional
The name, “Keauhou,” was suggested by Hailama Farden,
while the trio played music at the Kamehameha
School’s Midkiff Library. This library is home to
the waʻa (Hawaiian canoe) named “Makani Hou o
Keauhou,” under which the group performed and named.
Translated as “the new wind of Keauhou” this waʻa
became the inspiration for the group name, “Keauhou.”
While the Hawaiian language offers a multiplicity of
meanings and translations, the groups name can be
translated as “the new/renewed generation.”
This name defines the young trio, Kahanuola
Solatorio, and brothers, Nicholas and Zachary Lum,
as they strive to bring forth inspiration from
Hawaiian music of the eras preceding them, and
contribute to a renewed respect and interest for the
incomparable beauty of traditional Hawaiian music.
These three graduates of the Kamehameha Schools
Kapālama found their musical roots through their
involvement in the many musical and cultural
opportunities offered at Kamehameha Schools. They
sang in the Concert Glee Club, played in the Band,
and both Lum brothers held the esteemed positions as
their class’ student director in the world-renown
Currently, Kahanuola, Nicholas, and Zachary are
Masters candidates in the fields of Education,
Ethnomusicology, and the Hawaiian language,
respectively, at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa.
All three are active and passionate educators and
cultural practitioners in their field.
In 2008, Keauhou was awarded first place in the
unamplified traditional Hawaiian music contest, “Ka
Himeni Ana,” held annually at the Hawaii Theater.
Since then, the group has performed at a variety of
esteemed public and private events.
Kahanuola, Nicholas, and Zachary are truly thankful
for the many opportunities and honors with which
they have been blessed, as well as the many more to
come. The group plans on recording their first album
dedicated to their flavor of traditional Hawaiian
music in 2016. With the relationships between them
and the guidance of Ke Akua as top priorities, the
members of Keauhou hope to offer a seemingly-new
sound to the Hawaiian music scene, inspired by those
who have come before. Pā mai ka makani hou o Keauhou.
For Hawaiians, coming of age in the 1970’s was a
turbulent time, but for Robert Cazimero it was
the time when he discovered himself and his life’s
purpose…Hawaiian music and the art of Hula. This
discovery has taken him on an amazing journey. While the
journey was not without turbulence, his path became
clear and he followed it to where he is today; at the
top of his game in his music and certainly in the art of
Robert’s twin passions have always been inter-related.
They are the threads that weave the intricate patterns
that are Robert Cazimero. His musical talent was
recognized at the age of three, followed quickly with
piano lessons while still in elementary school where his
quickness endeared him to his instructors while his
ability to vary and improvise astounded them. Robert’s
secondary education required participation in the
Kamehameha Schools’ Concert Glee Club and Hawaiian
Ensemble. His knowledge of music deepened but more
importantly, he came in contact with the person who
would serve as his Kumu Hula (hula teacher), Maiki Aiu
Lake and just at the right time for the Hawaiian
cultural renaissance was blooming.
And so it came to be that at the height of the Hawaiian
cultural renaissance, Robert Cazimero was learning the
art of hula from one of the most respected masters of
the dance form. Already known for changing the familiar
sound of Hawaiian music, Aunty Maiki infused Robert with
her vision of him starting an all male halau (hula
school). Men dancing hula as a halau was something that
had not happened in decades. She envisioned men dancing
hula with pride and masculine grace and Robert soon
shared this passionate image.
Over the ensuing decades Robert has realized Maiki’s
dream again and again, dedicating his energy to the once
vanishing tradition of male hula. With the knowledge
passed on from Maiki coupled with his own talent and
passion, Robert has inspired hundreds of men to carry on
this magnificent art form.
In 1975 Robert Cazimero created Hālau Nā Kamalei O
Lililehua, the only male halau in the Hawaiian Islands.
Starting with six students from Kamehameha Schools, his
hālau went on to compete at the Merrie Monarch Festival
in 1976, the first year kane (men) were allowed to
participate, and won the overall men’s award. The hālau
also swept the kane divisions and the overall title in
2005, as well as took 1st place in the ‘auana, 2nd in
the kahiko and 1st overall in the 2015 Festival. The
hālau continues to live by Aunty Maiki’s motto: “Hula is
the art of Hawaiian dance expressing all that we see,
hear, feel, taste, touch and smell; hula is life.”
Today, Robert Cazimero is considered to be one of the
most respected kumu hula of Hawaiian dance. The men of
Nā Kamalei perform around the world, and for 40 years,
they have carried on the tradition of male hula.
Cazimero has taught about 200 students across two
generations, with several who went on to start their own
Robert’s elegant voice is so distinctive that whether he
performs on piano or with his brother Roland as the
Brothers Cazimero, he is instantly recognized and people
are compelled to listen. Recording music has also played
a vital part of Robert’s life journey. During that
journey he has been a part of close to 40 full album
projects; many considered classics in the history of
Hawaiian music. The popular success of the music he has
made and participated in is recognized through dozens of
awards, performances on the world’s most prestigious
stages and the millions of albums that have been bought
by people around the world.
Robert’s passion and talent have played a huge role in
taking Hawaiian music and dance to diverse stages from
Carnegie Hall, Wolftrap, Tokyo, and the Hollywood Bowl;
his voice has graced the orchestra’s of the New York
Pops, the LA Philharmonic, the Boston Pops and of
course, the Honolulu Symphony. Hula is always an
integral part of these shows as it is in all
performances large and small of the Brothers Cazimero
and whenever he performs a solo engagement.
While it’s not too early to measure the impact of
Robert Cazimero on the world of Hawaiian music and
dance, it is way too early for Robert to stop creating
for the passion continues as does his life’s journey on
the path of hula and Hawaiian music and so we joyously
present to you Hula, a collection of some of Robert’s
favorite music for the Hula. | <urn:uuid:a770c16e-3d8b-42b6-98c8-7e6cda3a2532> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.shannoncenter.org/aloha_concert_1.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00228-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950686 | 1,716 | 1.78125 | 2 |
Each year nearly 400,000 Americans die from sudden cardiac arrest, most of them falling victim while at their home.
The new HeartStart home defibrillator aims to reduce those figures. The device gives simple step-by-step directions complete with pictures in order to ensure anyone can deliver the life-saving shock.
Deputy Fire Chief Dave Gee, says the device is the most effective tool a person can have on-site in the event of a heart attack. Gee recommends that people with severe cardiac problems and those who live in hard to reach rural areas consider purchasing the device.
The HeartStart currently costs nearly $2,000 and is available only online at www.heartstarthome.com, but may be available in pharmacies by this Christmas. | <urn:uuid:bca5b585-2392-48d2-971e-7cb208ea271e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.weau.com/home/headlines/1038521.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00241-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.914167 | 157 | 1.984375 | 2 |
In Process: Adrienne Kennedy Papers and Dorothy I. Height Papers
A sneak peek at two new collections—one from an acclaimed playwright, the other from a civil rights activist—currently being prepared for research.
If Adrienne Kennedy had walked on to the third floor of the Schlesinger Library on a recent Friday, the 90-year-old playwright may have described it, like many of her plays, as surreal.
The collected papers of the famed African American bard from Cleveland are now at the Schlesinger, where they were acquired in partnership with Harvard University’s Hutchins Center for African & African American Research in November 2021. And here they are, a smattering, laid out on a broad table, a remarkable American life in paper form being readied for a future of study and research into Kennedy’s amazing work and life.
Here is a sky blue, locked diary of a young Kennedy; a 1980 handwritten letter postmarked Mill Valley, California, from her fellow playwright and friend Sam Shepherd; her senior yearbook; a colorful ticket stub saved to her play The Ohio State Murders; programs from other plays performed by the Great Lakes Theater Festival; a framed OBIE award from the long-gone Village Voice.
“Adrienne Kennedy will be recalled as the prophet of a brilliantly crafted lyrical post-modernism on the American stage,” said Henry Louis Gates Jr., the Alphonse Fletcher University Professor and director of the Hutchins Center at Harvard University, which was instrumental in acquiring the collection. “In play after play that resonates still, she delved deeply into the African American experience and found there the human condition. Adrienne Kennedy is a national treasure, and it is a signal honor for Harvard that Radcliffe’s Schlesinger Library is the home of her papers.”
Right now, the Kennedy papers are not being “processed” at the Schlesinger. In expert parlance, they are being “accessioned.”
Accessioning “is our initial work with collections, where we gain basic physical and intellectual control of the material,” said Jenny Gotwals, curator for gender and society at the Library. Library staff members re-box the collection, measure, and create a basic description of what is included, with more detailed processing to follow. As a result, it will be some time before Kennedy’s papers are open to research.
“It’s important for us to highlight the different steps in the long process of caring for collections and making them open to research so donors and users understand the care we take with collections,” said Gotwals.
Kelcy Shepherd, head of manuscripts for the Schlesinger, said the library acquisition process was slowed but not entirely halted by COVID.
“We did continue to acquire and accession collections during COVID, but we were not processing physical collections because we were only on-site part time, she said.
Every new acquisition is accessioned as soon as possible when it comes in, said Shepherd. This involves making sure that the Library got what it expected, documenting the receipt of the materials, assessing any preservation needs, and creating (at a minimum) a catalog record for the materials so that researchers can discover Kennedy’s papers are at the Schlesinger.
Gotwals, who went to Virginia to pick up the Kennedy collection in November 2021, takes the initial peek and begins the preliminary record-keeping process for the library.
“My job as curator is to identify collections of potential interest, appraise material, assess research value, communicate with donors, negotiate terms of acquisitions, etc. I do have to work with the collections when they come in, so I can identify what archivists will need to know—in many cases, I am unpacking boxes to do that initial communication and explanation work.”
Schlesinger archivists describe the contents and context of the materials in a collection, but they don’t describe each item in detail. Instead, they give an overview that allows a researcher to come in and do more detailed work.
Blue gloves are worn to handle old photos, one of which shows Kennedy from her time teaching at Harvard, crossing a bridge, looking serious. Gotwals, however, handles paper with bare hands. And when the archivists asked a visiting reporter to use a pencil instead of a pen, they weren’t being stingy—a dropped pen can cause more damage to precious papers than a wayward pencil.
Down Concord Avenue, the archivist Emilyn Brown works in an annex of the Library to process the personal and professional papers and mementos of Dorothy I. Height, a major architect of the 1963 March on Washington, close confidant of Martin Luther King Jr., and world-renowned civil rights and women’s rights activist.
Height’s collection was accessioned just before the pandemic in December 2019. Thanks in part to delays from COVID, the second step in bringing her work to researchers—called processing— is only now underway.
In processing, an archivist takes accessioned papers out of store-bought manila folders, dusty binders, envelopes, picture frames, and boxes and places them in acid-neutral folders to foster preservation. The archivist then re-boxes, labels, categorizes, and places the materials in some logical order, allowing researchers to find what they are looking for.
Here will go a 1997 letter from President Bill Clinton thanking Height for her work on the National Women’s Business Council. “I am grateful for your advice and counsel,” he wrote.
And Senator Edward M. Kennedy sent thanks for her work on the Employment Non-Discrimination Act. “The Senate took a historic step towards ensuring civil rights for gay men and lesbian women because you and many others devoted your efforts to this noble cause,” he wrote, writing out Height’s full name next to his signature.
The result of archival processing will be not only a collection that is organized and safely housed in archival quality boxes and folders but also a written research tool called a finding aid.
“The archivist is creating a pathfinder for researchers,” said Shepherd, “providing context about the creator of the records; letting them know what topics, activities, and events are documented and in what formats; highlighting significant contents; and essentially giving researchers a map for navigating all of it.”
After all this work, the Height collection is expected to be ready for research by the end of this summer. | <urn:uuid:fd964238-cb8e-44c1-991b-fe618c818134> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news-and-ideas/in-process-adrienne-kennedy-papers-and-dorothy-i-height-papers | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.94953 | 1,376 | 1.984375 | 2 |
This paper focuses on the Obama administration’s American Graduation Initiative (AGI) and the associated completion agenda.
In this paper, we provide an in-depth overview of the AGI with a focus on: (a) articulating the rationale that prompted the AGI; (b) describing the four primary components of the reform effort; (c) examining the political forces that led to its demise; (d) investigating the derivatives of the AGI in the form of private foundation and state-level efforts to bolster success rates; and (e) illuminating criticisms of the AGI that could have served to complicate the initiative’s success.
In the latter section of the paper, we also offer recommendations for future national and state policy.
Wood, J.L. and Harrison, J.D. (2014), "The 2020 American Graduation Initiative: A Clear Vision or Dim View?", The Obama Administration and Educational Reform (Advances in Education in Diverse Communities, Vol. 10), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Bingley, pp. 119-139. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-358X20130000010006
Emerald Group Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2014 Emerald Group Publishing Limited | <urn:uuid:a7e6dbeb-2196-45df-ae0e-df19a5f93a05> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/S1479-358X20130000010006/full/html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00079.warc.gz | en | 0.85907 | 282 | 1.585938 | 2 |
"As Christians", he said, "we know how important it is to use Jesus Christ as our model. There have been many books written on the subject. We've all probably heard of My Imitation Of Christ by Thomas à Kempis." Many early Christians, he explained, thought that Jesus was only God, and wasn't really human, but He was fully human, and lived a fully human life. It's why the Christian walk begins with imitating Christ. "The more we are like him," he went on, "the more human we will be. To be fully human is to imitate Christ, and NOT to give excuses as to why we're "messing up"."
Until last night, I forgot that I had a copy of this book, one of those pocket-sized books with the super-thin tissue pages that you have to highlight with a colored pencil. I'll be locating that book rightly. Deacon provided us with a list twelve traits of Jesus and some scripture verses for our private study and reflection during the next few weeks, along with these questions to consider:
Which of these traits do I admire in others?
The lack of which traits in others upsets me?
Which of these traits do I need more?
Which of these is my strongest trait?
Twelve Traits of Jesus Christ
- Forgiveness: Lk 6:37, Mt 6:14
- Authority: Mt 1:22; Jn 16
- Humility: Mt 18:4
- Compassion: Stands out in Christ's ministry
- Generosity: A loving response to others needs
- Love: Jn 13:34; Jn 15:9; Jn 23:34
- Purpose: Jn 10:10
- Patience: Poise, inner calmness, confidence, quiet endurance
- Prayerfulness: Lk 18:1
- Faith: Mk 5:34, Lk 7:50; Mt 8:12; Mt 21:22
- Courage: Ro 8:31
- Receptivity: Like Jesus, Mary, Joseph, the Magi, the Shepherds | <urn:uuid:8a075c93-294d-4d51-a070-49311aef969d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://realmetanoia.blogspot.com/2010/11/twelve-traits-of-jesus-christ.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00099-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961298 | 440 | 2.03125 | 2 |
We are pending approval for placement in a psychiatric facility.
Placement is dependent on the insurance company approving the need.
- Certificate of Need is generated by the insurance company. This allows placement.
- Certificate of Need is based in part on the last psychiatric appointment that David had with his doctor.
So, we finally received the notes from his last psych appointment. Again, the record is inaccurate. Every time we have to argue with medical records to get copies of the record, the notes have been inaccurate. I understand that doctors are busy people, but when placement hinges on accurate notes, writing things like this destroys any chance of placement.
The doctor wrote that “patient swung a shovel at his father and broke the sewing machine, after his father washed his mouth out with soap.”
Among other things, David is a known liar. The shovel incident happened because we were holding David accountable for his behavior. Because David thinks that he is above the rules of society.
One other thing that may hamper his ability to get placed in residential care? The number of placements in residential care that he has already had. Coupled with the number of times he has been in psychiatric acute care this year, we are talking a lot of placements. Eleven for acute care, and three for residential care. To me, this is a sign that he needs more care than what he is receiving. He has had many placements in part because he was discharged against doctors recommendations by insurance.
I hate that insurance companies can dictate the level of care that the mentally ill can receive. If placement through insurance doesn’t occur then we will need to go the judicial route to get him what he needs. Damn shame to have to use the courts in such a manner.
You can bet that if we are denied a certificate of need, I will be working to find an attorney. For the purposes of this post, insurance is North Dakota Medicaid. The certificate of need comes through a place called Ascend Management Innovations out of Tennessee. The last time a certificate of need was denied it was because of the doctors notes. Ascend blamed it on a computer glitch. | <urn:uuid:5a91dd51-1d7f-44a5-8973-21c5f6820c33> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fightingforanswers.com/2015/09/feelings-of-futility.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.983303 | 438 | 1.539063 | 2 |
In the past, when I’ve been asked why I don’t eat meat, my usual answer has been, “because I’ve read too much.” I’m not sure why I answered this way, perhaps it’s due to my aversion towards debate or preference for conflict avoidance. But now, I’d like to set the record straight. I opted out of meat eating because I do not approve of factory farming and the resultant negative effects on the health of people, the health and well being of animals, the environment, and the effects our practices and policies have on developing countries.
Factory farming operations produce most of our meat in the United States. The purpose of these operations is to maximize profits by producing cheap and abundant meat. The industry applies the concepts of assembly lines and economies of scale to livestock and poultry. This may work with cars, but this does not work with living things.
The living conditions of animals in factory farms adversely affect both the health of the animals and the health of humans and the safety of our food supply. Animals are crammed into barns, which are more like warehouses, and do not have adequate room to move or exhibit natural behaviors. Chickens have less than half a square foot of space and turkeys less than three square feet. Conditions for pigs are equally cramped and harsh. Many of these animals spend their entire stressful lives indoors, never seeing sunlight.
The dense conditions of factory farming lead to the proliferation of infections such as E. coli O157:H7, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Salmonella, Campylobacter, Listeria and others. In attempt to curb infections, animals are given regular doses of antibiotics. Routinely administered antibiotics are a short-sighted solution that addresses the symptoms instead of the problem. The need for routine antibiotics is a direct result of the living conditions of the animals. The industry also uses antibiotics to speed growth of livestock and poultry. This abuse of antibiotics leads to antibiotic resistance (superbugs such as MRSA), which is a serious concern in the medical community.
The feed given to these animals, especially cattle, is not natural. Cattle feed at concentrated animal feed operations (CAFOs or “feedlots”) consists largely of corn. Corn is desirable by the industry because it is cheap, cheaper than it costs to produce thanks to government subsidies, and it fattens cattle quickly. However, cattle, which are ruminants, are designed by nature to consume grass, not grains. Grain consumption leads to sickness and pain in cattle and cultivates a high acid environment in the intestines of cows, perfect for E.coli O157:H7, the familiar deadly intestinal bacteria often heard about in the news. Grain fed cattle is not only unhealthy for the cattle, but it is also unhealthy for humans. Compared to 100% grass-fed cattle, beef from industry cattle have much higher amounts of total fat and saturated fat and lower amounts of vitamins, minerals, and omega-3 fatty acids.1
If this isn’t bad enough, cattle feed is commonly supplemented with chicken manure, expired pet food, and restaurant leftovers.2,3 Apparently the industry experts have not figured out that cattle are herbivores, not cannibalistic carnivorous garbage disposers. Although the practice of feeding cattle to cattle was banned by the FDA in 1997 to prevent spread of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE or “mad cow” disease), these supplemental feeds circumvent these safeguards. Due to the way chicken manure is collected, it likely is mixed with chicken feed (the FDA allows cattle remnants in chicken feed – also bizarre), and pet food and restaurant leftovers likely contain cattle remnants. These remnants could contain prions, the infectious agent of BSE, which are mutant proteins that cannot be destroyed by heat, irradiation, sterilization or chemical disinfectants.4
Additionally, many industry cattle are injected with growth hormones. It is suspected that hormone residues in meat may be harmful to humans, by disrupting human hormone balance – causing developmental and reproductive problems and possibly leading to the development of certain cancers.5
The next post will discuss the humanitarian implications of excessive meat consumption and how concentrated meat production has affected people living in developing countries. | <urn:uuid:1e1bc7cb-6c03-412e-ab26-39b2a376dfbf> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.aisleofconfusion.com/?p=344 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281162.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00528-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.937835 | 888 | 2.328125 | 2 |
A throwback post but I’m not apologising for it. This is the account of the wonderful time I had being taken around Shute Barton by a knowledgeable and entertaining National Trust volunteer guide.
The house is currently only open for four weekends a year (pre-COVID arrangements obviously) for the remainder it’s run as holiday lets. The National Trust is considering shutting down the open weekends, not allowing visitors at all and that it should become holiday accommodation only.
This is upsetting on many levels: it cuts people off from their local history, prevents tourists from enjoying a fascinating day out and is an income stream for the National Trust and the local area.
Shute Barton isn’t like Chartwell or Polesden Lacey, or the other enormous stately homes the National Trust has in its care. It’s not grand or showy; it’s really barely more than a very beautiful Tudor gatehouse and medieval hall house. It’s appeal is in, weirdly, what’s not there. It keeps its history secret until an expert, enthusiastic volunteer guide shares it with whoever seeks it out. And very important history it is too, as you’ll discover if you read the blog.
As a long-standing National Trust member, an inhabitant of East Devon and historian, I plead with the Trust to keep this valuable resource open as before. It’s too good to hide away! | <urn:uuid:f84838f9-85dc-4f90-a657-419a0f885e29> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.georgiahill.co.uk/?p=2897 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.947853 | 306 | 1.6875 | 2 |
Financial appraisal and the IS/IT investment decision making process
UNSPECIFIED. (1998) Financial appraisal and the IS/IT investment decision making process. JOURNAL OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, 13 (1). pp. 3-14. ISSN 0268-3962Full text not available from this repository.
xThis paper explores the techniques used by organizations to appraise Information Systems (IS)/Information Technology (IT) investments, and concentrates, in particular, on techniques of capital investment appraisal. We draw on relevant studies reported in both the accounting and finance, and the IS literature, which have addressed their usage. Where possible comparisons are drawn between both sets of literatures. The results of a survey that specifically examined IS/IT investment appraisal practices of a sample of UK companies is also presented. Among the issues discussed include the extent to which capital investment appraisal techniques are used to appraisal investments, the importance of the techniques used and the problems attendant on the decision making process.
|Item Type:||Journal Article|
|Subjects:||Q Science > QA Mathematics > QA76 Electronic computers. Computer science. Computer software
Z Bibliography. Library Science. Information Resources > Z665 Library Science. Information Science
H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor > HD28 Management. Industrial Management
|Journal or Publication Title:||JOURNAL OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY|
|Official Date:||March 1998|
|Number of Pages:||12|
|Page Range:||pp. 3-14|
Actions (login required) | <urn:uuid:fca14fbb-6178-4bdc-969b-33a40f7667c3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/15847/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00294-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.81051 | 325 | 1.734375 | 2 |
We are incredibly excited to continue our weekly seminar series about all things Lesvos. This week we will discuss the history of Lesvos and its people.
Continuing on in the remote seminars series offered by Stand By Me Lesvos in partnership with Moria Academia and Σ.Δ.Ε. ΜΥΤΙΛΗΝΗΣ. This Saturday, March 6th at 12 pm the seminar will discuss the history of Lesvos through time and the people of Lesvos as it has changed. This seminar is provided by Katerina Efstathiou Selacha of The Second Chance School of Mytilene. For more information, please connect via firstname.lastname@example.org. These seminars are hosted by Σ.Δ.Ε. ΜΥΤΙΛΗΝΗΣ, Stand By Me Lesvos and Moria Academia.
Join us and invite others. | <urn:uuid:9d893233-3805-4915-9c3d-79d5215c6d60> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://standbymelesvos.gr/2021/lesvos-academia-seminar-lesvos-and-its-inhabitants-through-time/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.906427 | 228 | 1.5625 | 2 |
The founding faculty of Johns Hopkins School of Medicine comprised some of the most respected medical men of their era. All were innovators with rigorous standards of practice, research and training.
They set the bar high for other medical schools, and many of their graduates went on to establish or transform other programs around the country.
William Welch, who helped the university's president, Daniel Coit Gilman, assemble the team, was a pathologist; William Osler, the internist who oversaw the department of medicine, was a Canadian considered the finest doctor practicing in the United States; William Stewart Halsted headed up surgery; and Howard Kelly, gynecology and obstetrics.
At a time when individual doctors could be institutions unto themselves, Osler introduced the concept of the medical residency, and Welch a training program in advanced techniques for full-fledged doctors that resembled a modern post-doctoral course. Welch also founded the country's first school of public health. Kelly established his own cancer clinic.
Halsted taught his students to operate at a new level of skill and care, and was responsible for introducing the use of surgical gloves, which in beginning were meant merely to protect doctors' and nurses' hands. | <urn:uuid:2b0003bd-1c04-45b5-ad92-4a69c362c064> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://birthstory.net/tag/william-stewart-halsted/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720845.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00087-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973795 | 243 | 3.3125 | 3 |
San Macareno de la Estocada
Pamplona’s modern fiesta starts with fireworks called chupinazo at noon on July 6, followed by the singing of the traditional song “Pamploneses, Viva San Fermín, Gora San Fermín” (“People of Pamplona, Long Live Saint Fermín”). The best-known part of the festival is the running of the bulls, or the encierro.
It is virtually unknown that in the running of the bulls in Pamplona, Spain that the festival is called La Fiesta de San Fermín. For those who do not know this, San Fermín’s understudy, Macareno also became a saint. He is the patron saint of bullfights and bullfighters. In the church of San Nicolás there is this striking piece of art (artist unknown) of San Macareno de la Estocada.
Originally published at blog.alexwaterhousehayward.com. | <urn:uuid:e39c50a8-e7f2-41f7-8b3c-95ace875d884> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://alexwh.medium.com/san-macareno-de-la-estocada-ebed5d6bee52 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.869045 | 222 | 2.265625 | 2 |
By Chuck Missler
One thousand giant dominoes were toppled in Berlin Monday along the path where the Berlin Wall once stood. German Chancellor Angela Merkel, raised in communist East Germany, stood next to former Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev as Europe celebrated the fall of the Wall 20 years ago.
"Looking back, we can see many causes that led to the peaceful revolution, but it still remains a miracle," German President Horst Koehler said.It seems just a short time since we prayed earnestly for our persecuted Christian brothers and sisters behind the Iron Curtain. It seems just a few moments since the doctrine of Mutual Assured Destruction ironically kept the world safe from nuclear war, and Johnny Carson did impressions of Ronald Reagan talking to Gorbachev on the Tonight Show. Yet, 20 years have passed since freedom came to East Germany on November 9, 1989. We now have freshmen in college who have no memory of a time when the harsh fist of communism gripped Eastern Europe. They don't remember the reality of Soviet missiles aimed at American cities, and youngsters in the former Soviet Bloc take freedom of travel for granted. Yet, while Eastern Europe rejoiced in its freedom from communist rule, the road to a free market society has been a rocky, difficult trudge for many of its people.
If you've forgotten, freedom for East Germany actually started in Hungary earlier that autumn. In September of 1989, vacationing East Germans asked to emigrate through Hungary's border, and (on 9/11) Hungary opened their door into Austria. For the first time since the Berlin Wall was built in 1961, East Germans were able to openly escape into the West.
This seemingly small, but massively significant event led almost directly to the fall of the Wall two months later (on 11/9). Erich Honecker, General Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany, decided to relax travel restrictions and allow East Germans to go in and out of the country in an attempt to keep them from emigrating via Hungary. East Germans poured out of their communist "utopia" by the hundreds of thousands.
Had Gorbachev offered Soviet troops to get things under control, the history of the past two decades might have been different. But Gorbachev offered no such help to rescue communist East Germany. Honecker was forced to resign, and the new leadership opened up the Berlin wall on November 9, 1989. East Berliners took little time to make their exodus to the West, and over the next days and weeks, chunks of the wall were taken as souvenirs. Within a few months, Germany reunification was underway.
Yet, while the Wall fell, things have not gone easily for Germany. Communism took its toll on East Germany, and now 20 years later, the western part of the country is still propping up its re-attached other half. While the people from the East were freed from tyranny and political oppression, their transition to a free market economic system has been slow. From the point of view of West Germans, the fall of the Wall was costly and they were the ones forced to shoulder most of the economic burden. Gunther Bially in Hamburg wrote:
"The government took a little percentage out of our pay checks called the Soli (short for Solidaritätszuschlag). They told us it would be only for two years or so. Twenty years later we still pay the Soli. Every year West Germany pumps some 100 billion euros into East Germany to keep it alive and going. Without our money many parts of East Germany would collapse. There does not seem to be an end to this.The other nations in the former Soviet bloc have had the same problems. Free elections and the restoration of civil rights and human dignity go a long way, but 20 years after the fall of the old oppressive communist regimes, many older people just wish prices weren't so high. The Czech Republic has gone a long way in transitioning back to a free market system; after all, in 1989 there were still people alive who remembered how life worked before communism. Countries like Bulgaria, though, have had a much harder time.
"We don't want to change this historical event. But we have been paying a lot of money for it and will be paying for it without really seeing the financial benefits. Twenty years ago they told us that East Germany would develop into a new oasis with new investments and lots of jobs...I guess it has not so far."
Petar Stoyanov, Bulgarian president from 1997 until 2002, said low living standards "remain the Achilles' heel of the country's transition" to democracy.
"I never imagined that, 20 years later, there would be so many people, mainly the elderly, who can't afford to buy simple things," he said in an interview with The Washington Times. "None of us understood the destruction we inherited after 45 years of communism," he said. "The idea that you could wait for someone else to do the work had taken away individual creativity and initiative."Yet, there is hope in the classrooms, as the next generation grows into adulthood. The kids graduating from Bulgarian schools these days were never raised under communism, and they never developed the old, "Let somebody else do all the hard work," attitude. They realize that they can get places by pushing themselves and forging their way in the world. Twenty years after the fall of communism, the old capitalist spirit is rising up in the hearts of the youth, and they offer a great deal of hope for the future of Eastern Europe.
20 years after the Berlin Wall's fall: An East European looks back - The Washington Times
The Wall's 1989 Fall 'Remains A Miracle.' - AP
Twenty Years of Stimulus for East Germany - The Wall Street Journal
Liberal Media ‘Whitewashed’ Evils of Communism, New Study Documents - CNSNews.com
Learn the Bible in 24 Hours - Chuck Missler (Book) | <urn:uuid:ca5093c8-c767-4e31-877b-4619fb45adf6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.bibleprophecyblog.com/2009/11/twenty-years-after-wall-crashed-down.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00228-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974853 | 1,214 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Isle of Wight Historic Postcards
I compiled these pages many years ago. My first page (produced in early 1997) was 'Island Gateways' which featured pictures of the arrival ports. This was produced in the early days of scanners, the first one I owned was hand held and virtually impossible to use.
The web underwent a major upgrade in the summer of 2005. Regular updates, including re-scans increasing the size of the pictures with the advent of Broadband, were carried out and new cards added when obtained.
Since my wife died (in 2010) I have done little work on them and some links have failed. I am gradually restoring them. The pages are old fashioned, I do not make any apologies for this, they show the historic postcards well.
All postcards are from my personal collection. I do not hold, and have never claimed copyright of any postcards, but would appreciate it if they are reposted from the page the appropriate acknowledgement is made.
Freshwater | Totland | Alum Bay and the Needles | Yarmouth | Shalfleet | Calbourne | Newtown | Carisbrooke Castle | Newport | Cowes and Gurnard | Osborne House | Wootton & Fishbourne | Quarr & Binstead | Ryde | Seaview| Bembridge | Brading | Sandown| Shanklin | Godshill | Ventnor | St Lawrence and the Undercliff | St Catherine's Lighthouse's | Back of the Wight | Niton | Blackgang Chine | Blackgang and Chale | Brighstone and Shorwell | Mottistone to Compton | <urn:uuid:a5190693-f4dc-4bab-91c4-95156562852b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://postcards.shalfleet.net/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00078.warc.gz | en | 0.95015 | 344 | 1.601563 | 2 |
This week, compose a 1-2 paragraph response to ONE of the following questions.
- Explain how you could incorporate parts of the framework for pathophysiology in patient charting
- Give an example of how the body adapts to stress
- Explain the mechanism of cell injury and give an example
- Using the website cancer.net, pick a type of cancer and summarize the latest research about that cancer using the website.
be sure to paraphrase in your own words and cite your supporting sources in APA format. Supporting resources can be your textbook or another scholarly source. Your textbook is provided below as a reference and citation sample.
Reference: Copstead, L. E., & Banasik, J. L. (2013). Pathophysiology. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.
Get Help for All Your Academic Writing Assignments. We are here to make your academic life more successful and less stressful. Over 10 years, we deliver the promised services. Think wise, buy custom essay! Just tell us “Quickly write my essay!” and provide us with the details of the order and instructions – we will make sure it will be completed on time by our professional writing team
Are you finding it difficult to write your essays, research papers or term papers. Hold on – expert help is on the way! | <urn:uuid:e222f73e-b064-4b0e-9a09-5a2e898ca675> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.writerschalet.com/explain-how-you-could-incorporate-parts-of-the-framework-for-pathophysiology-in-patient-charting/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.904043 | 275 | 2.25 | 2 |
Sale of Land Act Reforms
The Sale of Land Amendment Bill 2016 passed through parliament on 10 November 2016.
The legislation introduces greater protections for consumers when signing sales contracts for land that is not yet owned by the developer. It also provides certainty to developers, by supporting the ongoing, timely release of affordable new lots on to the market.
The legislation will take effect from 3 April 2017.
It is common practice for developers to sell a lot in a subdivision before they are the registered owner (1). This can expose the purchaser to risk, for example, if the finance for the development falls through or if an unscrupulous developer absconds with the deposit monies.
In 2014, the Supreme Court found in Barker v Midstyle Nominees Pty Ltd that a sales contract for a lot in a subdivision entered into before the developer is the owner of the land leaves both the purchaser and the seller/developer in an uncertain position.
In this case, the court found that the sales contract was unenforceable by the vendor, even after the vendor became the registered owner of the land. This also cast doubt on whether the purchaser’s deposit was recoverable. The effect of the Barker decision has been that purchasers and sellers/developers of lots in a proposed subdivision have been less likely to enter into these types of contract.
Changes made by the new Legislation
The new legislation makes the obligations of developers and buyers clear by:
- Applying the new provisions of the Act to all subdivisions not just developments that are five lots and more
- Making it mandatory for sellers to warn purchasers in writing that the developer does not own the land. If there is no warning, the sales contract becomes illegal and void.
- Imposing time limits on when the developer can become the registered owner of the land. This will normally be six month period or a specific date detailed in the sales contract. Contracts will become void and illegal if these time limits are not adhered to.
- Requiring the developer to make all reasonable endeavors to satisfy the vendor’s condition in the contract before the expiry of the period by which it must be satisfied. These reasonable endeavors include taking steps to obtain the necessary regulatory approvals and lodging the necessary plans for the subdivision or proposed subdivision.
- Requiring the vendor to inform the purchaser of steps taken to satisfy the vendor’s condition within a reasonable timeframe, if the purchaser requests this information in writing.
- Giving rights to the parties to terminate the contract if the conditions are not met or relevant notices are not given.
- Requiring sales deposits to be held in an Australian trust account operated by a third party such as a real estate agent, settlement agent or solicitor.
- Trust accounts will be audited for compliance with the new legislation.
- Increasing the maximum penalty for breaching the Sale of Land Act 1970 from $750 to $100,000.
(1) Developers often sell lots before they have obtained final approval to subdivide land that is being purchased or, in the case of a building, before the building has commenced or been completed. This is because they need the commitment of purchasers in order to cover their upfront financial requirements and ensure the project is a success. Until the Certificates of Title are issued (after all approvals are in place), the developer is not officially the owner of the land. The Sale of Land Amendment Bill 2016 provides the necessary protections for both the consumer and the developer in these instances.
Where can I get more Information?
View Landgate’s Sale of Land Amendment Bill 2016 presentation material [1.6MB].
Contact Customer Service at Landgate on +61 (0)8 9273 7373 or via email email@example.com.
If you want to read the Sale of Land Amendment Bill 2016 then please view the Western Australian Parliament website. | <urn:uuid:dace53cc-3c6e-40c9-8355-d5cbf47501b8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www0.landgate.wa.gov.au/for-individuals/legislation-and-reform/sale-of-land-amendment-bill-2016 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00162-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.933728 | 796 | 1.742188 | 2 |
The Dorothy Day Guild asks its members and others to “spiritually gather” (in the words of Pope Francis) to pray a novena for solidarity and compassion in this challenging time. It was Dorothy’s reading of muckraking literature like Upton Sinclair’s novel, The Jungle, that first awakened her social consciousness. She never forgot its story of the lives of immigrant stockyard workers in the Chicago of her youth, a story of exploitation she heard again and again as a reporter for socialist newspapers in New York. Early on she was in love with the masses of struggling workers, she later enshrined their name in the movement she co-founded, and dedicated to them the first issue of its paper.
We pray for the repose of the loved ones we have lost during this tragic time and the consolation of their families and friends.Today, we also pray for all the essential workers who risk their lives to keep us fed and supplied with what we need. We ask that the recognition of their fundamental dignity — their true “essentialness” — extend beyond the grateful clapping of the present crisis.
“For those who are sitting on park benches in the warm spring sunlight…. For those who think that there is no hope for the future, no recognition of their plight — this little paper is addressed. It is printed to call their attention to the fact that the Catholic Church has a social program — to let them know that there are men of God who are working not only for their spiritual, but for their material welfare.”
– Dorothy Day, 1st issue of The Catholic Worker, May 1, 1933
Let us pray…Our Father, Hail Mary, Glory Be OR the Holy Rosary
Prayer for the Canonization of Servant of God Dorothy Day (1897 – 1980)
God our Father,
Your servant Dorothy Day exemplified
the Catholic faith by her life
of prayer, voluntary poverty,
works of mercy, and
witness to the justice and peace
of the Gospel of Jesus.
May her life inspire your people
to turn to Christ as their Savior,
to see His face in the world’s poor, and
to raise their voices for the justice
of God’s kingdom.
I pray that her holiness may be recognized by your Church
And that you grant the following favor that I humbly ask through her intercession:
(here mention your request)
I ask this through Christ our Lord. | <urn:uuid:9ba584cd-86ec-42fe-9dbe-88ec7ec864e0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://dorothydayguild.org/day-4-hope-in-hard-times-a-novena-with-dorothy-day/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.965195 | 518 | 2.53125 | 3 |
You’ve all seen complaints about the traffic hazard created by cyclists, with some experts even claiming that bicycles are the single most dangerous element on the roads today. Bikes mow down pedestrians with impunity and cause thousands of traffic accidents on a daily basis.
Here’s a case in point:
MORGAN HILL, California, September 27 — A bicycle accident forced fourteen families to evacuate their homes shortly after midnight and closed Highway 101 through Morgan Hill for over eight hours this morning, inconveniencing tens of thousands of South Santa Clara County commuters. Business leaders estimate the unnamed cyclalist caused economic losses totaling $18 million in lost wages and business throughout Silicon Valley today. State workers are still tallying the cost of the hazardous materials response, damage to the road and the cost of clearing the wreckage.
The California Highway Patrol have charged the cyclist with impeding traffic and failing to stay to the far right of the road. The Santa Clara County District Attorney’s announced they are considering further charges to make an example of scofflaws and prevent a reoccurrence of similar traffic nightmares in the future.
I’m kidding, of course. There was a crash, evacuated homes, a hazmat response, damage, and a horrible commute for everybody who drives in or takes the bus to and from South County, but it wasn’t a cyclist who caused this mayhem. It was the driver of a Nissan 350Z who lost control and hit a tanker truck carrying 8,000 gallons of gasoline. The tanker jackknifed and dumped 1,700 gallons into a nearby creek. CHP finally opened one lane at 8:30 this morning. And get this:
Though [the driver of the Nissan, Bruno Mercado] was traveling at 80 mph in “heavy rain and wet roadway conditions,” [CHP Officer Herb Kellogg] said Mercado was not arrested Thursday morning, because Kellogg said drugs and alcohol were not a factor. As the law is written, only people who are under the influence can be arrested for crashes, Kellogg said.
San Jose Guadalupe River Trail Report
The Guadalupe River Trail is clear this morning from downtown San Jose to the Green Island Bridge at the north end of San Jose International Airport. The viaducts underneath Highway 101 and Trimble Road are wet and muddy but passable. Even if you have fenders, try to avoid getting that mud splashed onto your bike or clothing – it stinks to high heaven after it dries out. I got just a little bit on the bottom of my jeans this morning and I now wish I had a change of pants here at the office.
The trail is flooded with several feet of water underneath Montague Expressway. I didn’t check Tasman but I imagine that’s likely flooded as well.
I don’t expect trail conditions will change much for the evening commute. Be prepared for flooding tomorrow morning with the next rain storm set to pass through beginning late tonight.
Trees vs cars in California
Bikes aren’t the only traffic hazard. As you can see from this set of California Highway Patrol dispatches that were active at 3 PM Wednesday afternoon, trees are jumping out in front of traffic at an alarming rate.
If you need translation help, those incidents are:
- “Solo vehicle vs tree” (later amended to “Two vehicles”) near Dublin, CA.
- “Silver Subaru vs tree” in Santa Cruz, CA.
- “Gray Ford Escape vs tree” in southern Orange County, CA.
Have a great one! | <urn:uuid:e5bdc2ef-b721-4791-83a8-f43ce4865394> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.cyclelicio.us/2014/silicon-valley-traffic-trail-and-trees-report/comment-page-1/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00307-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948021 | 747 | 1.820313 | 2 |
Urban Prototyping Research Lab
A Global Movement Exploring How
Participatory Design Can Improve Cities
Urban Prototyping is a global movement exploring how participatory design, art, and technology can improve cities. Each UP Festival uses its own strategy to uniquely address that city’s specific circumstances – soliciting, testing, and deploying digital and physical projects in the urban fabric.
At its core, tactical urbanism is about using small-scale, often temporary interventions in public space to drive longer-term conversations and changes in a city. We have crafted the model for Urban Prototyping with this principle in mind, leading to three key steps in our approach.
- Long-term solutions can often be jump-started by building and refining quick working models. Due to their public and temporal nature, festivals are great venues for testing out new ideas, generating dialog and providing opportunities for quick iterative processes. This approach reflects both tactical urbanism and agile software development methodologies.
- By opening up the designs, source code, materials, instructions, and other resources necessary to recreate each project, UP aims to catalyze a new global community for sharing and scaling citizen-driven urban design and technology work. Lessons learned around the world will be cataloged to help cities find and implement those that are most suitable for their local needs.
- Creating a real, lasting path for projects to grow and endure takes insight and resources from a large, diverse group. UP is supported by nonprofits dedicated to design, technology, urbanism, and the arts; private firms on the forefront of design thinking and rapid prototyping; and municipal agencies with policy expertise to help integrate projects into the city landscape.
Developed in 2012 by Gray Area and Intersection for the Arts, the widely acclaimed first Urban Prototyping Festival led to the development of very diverse projects such as Pulse of the City, PPLanter, and Urban Parasol that have since then been adopted and deployed in multiple cities around the world. Following this success, Urban Prototyping has become a global movement spreading over 3 continents and engaging thousands of people in participating in the planning and design of their city.
Urban Prototyping Research Lab: Market Street Prototyping Incubation
The Market Street Prototyping Festival of 2014 was a natural progression of the innovation displayed by San Francisco nonprofits Gray Area Foundation for the Arts and Intersection for the Arts. The two-day event spanned Fifth Street from Market to Howard Streets, and included 23 commissioned projects that addressed specific conditions of the UP focus area while meeting the scalable, replicable and affordable requirements. In 2015, the Market Street Prototyping Festival returned with an open call for prototype ideas which yielded hundreds of submissions. From April 9th – 11th 2015, Market Street came alive with these ideas. Its wide sidewalks were filled with temporary installations ranging from performance spaces, relaxation zones, dynamic art pieces. Ten of these prototypes were selected for incubation at Gray Area.
From April-October 2016, Gray Area and Autodesk provided hands on workshops, critiques, tools, and space to work, iterate, and cross-pollinate to these 10 design teams. The goals of incubation were to produce successful projects that could be in the public space for up to two years, engage the community in the design process, and document the experience. Projects were deployed in October at the 2016 Market Street Prototyping Festival.
Please stay tuned for further announcements about Urban Prototyping on Gray Area social media or keep in touch by signing up here.
Current Urban Prototyping Projects
Ember is a monument to yesterday, playing back the presence of previous visitors in the form of notes.
Creating artistic ping pong tables to promote play and community.
Street Sketch is a structure where people can draw together during the day, and that becomes an illuminated sculpture at night.
The Market Street PREPHub is a prototype for a new kind of infrastructure designed to increase disaster resilience. By activating neighborhood spaces with useful functions in everyday life, hubs become a community focal point for critical needs in the case of an emergency.
Strange Lenses (formerly Elastic Interaction) is a set of lenses that distort the faces of pedestrians.
peepSHOW is an urban viewing station that focuses the gaze and thoughts of passersby onto obscure or concealed street scenes.
City Fit Path is a free urban exercise trail featuring simple, equipment-free activity stations for people of all ages and abilities.
Chime is an interactive public art installation that uses music and movement to engender a sense of community and wellbeing.
Bench Go Round playfully re-imagines public seating to create connection between strangers.
Common Ground is a sidewalk feature powered by curiosity and empathy between strangers. | <urn:uuid:49982352-4375-484c-8a7d-f2d61246e31e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://grayarea.org/initiative/urban-prototyping/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.936068 | 975 | 2.0625 | 2 |
A modern army might not march on its stomach: however, the logistics of feeding, watering, refuelling and re-arming a force that will shortly grow to 225,000 has become one of the coalition's greatest headaches.
The 300-mile supply line from Kuwait to the outskirts of Baghdad is the biggest operation of its kind since the Second World War.
US forces have already delivered 48 million "meals ready to eat" (MRE) ration packs as well as mountains of biscuits and coffee. By Tuesday, the forces will deliver 500,000 MREs every day - enough to feed the entire state of Wyoming for a day.
Coalition forces also need 1.5 million litres of water - the equivalent of 26 Olympic-sized swimming pools - every day. Most is delivered by truck; the US army is now also digging for water in Iraq and piping is being sent to set up fresh water springs. Nearly a billion gallons of diesel and petrol were delivered to Kuwait before the war began. This is being distributed either by truck or using more than 100 miles of soft piping.
The supply chain also has to ensure that each soldier has the required 200 rounds of ammunition, two high-explosive grenades and one smoke grenade. In addition, there are constant demands for sunscreen, underwear, socks, lip balm, shaving kits, aspirin, tampons, toothpaste, toilet paper and letters from home.
As well as being immense, the task is dangerous: more than half of those killed during Operation Desert Shield and Desert Storm in 1990 and 1991 were troops supplying the front line. The coalition supplies are co-ordinated by the US army's 377th Theatre Support Command from an American air base in Arifjan, south of Kuwait City. Their technicians have introduced a computerised system - based on one used by Federal Express - to monitor the distribution of goods.
Each consignment is barcoded so that it can be tracked until delivery. Most are driven out of Kuwait in fleets of lorries led by the 10-ton Heavy Expanded Military Tactical Trucks (HEMTTs). These giant vehicles can carry 2,500 gallons of fuel or 11 tons of cargo while pulling another 11 tons in a trailer. Travelling alongside the HEMTTs are smaller 5,000- and 7,500-gallon fuel tankers and cargo lorries capable of carrying five-ton loads.
Fleets of drivers take the lorries from Arifjan all the way to the front. After the 200-mile drive - which takes about 14 hours along dusty and potholed roads - the drivers return to base to rest, before setting off on their next gruelling journey across the barren landscape. | <urn:uuid:66107f7e-fa43-4d45-8249-d1ecda8cd150> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/1426099/300-mile-artery-carries-an-armys-lifeblood-food-water-and-ammo.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00493-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963316 | 555 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Fabric computing will be implemented in data centres by 30 per cent of organisations globally by 2013, according to analyst firm Gartner.
Speaking at the Gartner Symposium 2010 in Sydney, data centre principal analyst, Errol Rasit, said 90 per cent of fabric enabled data centres will be virtualised while up to 40 per cent of these centres will be using either a private or public cloud."
The analyst firm defines fabric computing as a set of computer storage and components joined through a fabric interconnect system.
Gartner conducted a global survey of server projects priorities for 2011, which found Australian organisations listed fabric computing as a low priority. Despite this, Rasit predicts that over the next five years interest will accelerate as fabric computing emerges as the next big trend as enterprises move to collaboration.
“By giving end users the power to collaborate and have resources, we have more effective implementation," he said. "If you're thinking in terms of main frames and blade chassis within your data centre, you can link them together to be one fabric.”
According to Rasit, all major vendors are committed to the concept.
“You should expect phone calls from your strategic vendor because they see this as the next opportunity for revenue generation," he said. "What you need to ask is if the vendor integrates or automates, and how much help you will receive in designing the fabric computing system.”
He also noted the complexity fabric computing will add to data centres.
"A lot of IT managers are happy with the way data centres are run now and there are some who think it is a niche type of computing," he said. "But if you can start to weave and interlink your systems together, then you can get better levels of utilisation and business requirements."
An advantage of fabric computing is IT staff having the ability to build their own fabric infrastructure from components, however Rasit warns that there is a need to assess what skills they have within the data centre in order to do that.
“If you're building it yourself it won't be clear what technology is available to you and how you can integrate it," he said. "You will need more people who have expertise in fabric computing whereas if you are buying it off the shelf, a lot of the pre integration will be already done.”
Rasit advised IT managers to begin assessing fabric computing technology as soon as possible.
“In the next 90 days determine what your most suitable environment is and build a vertically integrated deck," he said. "Over the next 12 months evaluate if fabric computing is a good thing to move to. Treat it the way you would virtualisation by planning carefully," he said. | <urn:uuid:861fe239-b329-4802-88d8-4e7c9e042b1d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.computerworld.com.au/article/368519/fabric_computing_adoption_next_big_thing_gartner/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00411-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95313 | 552 | 1.726563 | 2 |
Jens Spahn, junior minister in the Finance Ministry and one of Angela Merkel’s closest allies, caused controversy earlier this month when he complained about waiters in Berlin restaurants who only speak English.
“No one in Paris would have such a crazy idea,” he added.
Jens Spahn. Photo: DPA.
Spahn said that people could only live harmoniously together in Germany when everyone spoke the national language. “This is something we should expect from every immigrant,” he said.
But the conservative politician’s tirade isn’t over. In an interview with newspaper Die Zeit published on Wednesday, he condemned people who communicate in English with each other in German cities, calling them “elitist hipsters”.
— Jens Spahn (@jensspahn) August 23, 2017
Native German speakers are the worst offenders, according to Spahn, who believes among Germans there is a “blatant willingness” to avoid speaking in one’s native language even in situations where it isn’t necessary.
“This is not cosmopolitan, but rather, provincial,” Spahn said.
This use of English, Spahn argues, contributes to a new form of “elitist-global tourism” that leaves out non-English speakers and is detrimental to other newcomers in Germany who dedicate their energy and time to learning the German language.
A totally new type of “parallel society” has developed in Berlin where young people from all across the globe keep to themselves, he said.
Spahn also draws parallels in his argument between a certain time in history, when nobles in 18th century Europe distanced themselves from the lower classes by speaking to one another in the French language. By comparison, he adds that nowadays the use of English in German cities is “a striking symptom of a regrettable cultural equilibrium”.
But not everyone feels the same way as Spahn.
When people are from around the world, they hardly keep to themselves, Chris Pyak, deputy chair of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) Individual Members Party, said in a statement on Thursday.
He argued that nobody loses anything when speaking English, but rather, they gain an additional language and therefore access to “information, art, ideas and human connections around the world.”
Pyak, who's also an author and employment coach for expats, has been pushing for English to become an official language not just in Germany but in countries all across the European Union.
Others think Spahn voiced his opinions for a particular reason.
Editor in chief at Spiegel Online Roland Nelles publicly commented on Thursday, saying Spahn has achieved his goal: “People are talking about him again.”
“'Mission accomplished', as a hipster in Berlin would probably say.” | <urn:uuid:d00e93f0-421d-4268-b763-121604edf863> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thelocal.de/20170824/speaking-english-is-not-cosmopolitan-politician-argues/?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=twitter | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.949229 | 604 | 1.78125 | 2 |
Ushering Public Health Practice into the 21st CenturyPosted on by
The April 2012 special issue of the journal Public Health Genomics includes 13 articles from the many presentations at the 4th National Conference on Genomics and Public Health in the United States: “Using Genetic Information to Improve Health Now and In the Future”. The three-day conference sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institutes of Health and other cosponsors was held December 2010 in Bethesda, Maryland, and attended by more than 700 participants. The conference brought together clinical and public health scientists and practitioners. The published articles showcase current work and consider future directions for applications of genomics to improve health, including behavioral interventions to prevent and control diseases, genetic services across the lifespan; family history tools for primary care; training and education of the public health workforce, and addressing health disparities through a genomics lens. The conference articles highlight the need for a strong scientific evidence base for applying genomics to improve health and prevent disease, consider gaps in the current health care delivery system, and address the schism between traditional public health departments and clinical care. The articles also discuss the implications of “genohype” and internet availability of genomic information on the development of new communication strategies for public health practice.
In the article I coauthored with Ron Zimmern, chairman of the UK PHG Foundation and pioneer in the young field of public health genomics, we highlight six issues that currently contribute to the large divide between genomic sciences and traditional public health practice.
- Genes or environments? There is a need to integrate new biological knowledge into public health programs that address social and environmental issues rather than perpetuate a false dichotomy between social and biological models of health and disease.
- Genetic exceptionalism: There is a need to move beyond the notion that genetic information requires more regulation and scrutiny than other medical or health information.
- Public access to genomic information: Public health will have a bigger role as an “honest broker” delivering credible and actionable information as millions of people will be searching for information, including genomic information, to improve their health.
- Personal autonomy: Genomic information will increase the need by public health practitioners to consider personal autonomy as they provide information to improve health.
- Individuals vs. populations: Public health practice will need to be refined to include the provision of unbiased information that supports individual choice and decision making, as compared to current practice which tends to target health improvement at the population level through policy changes and guiding individual choice with incentives and disincentives.
- One size does not fit all: Increasingly, our public health interventions will be stratified to subsets of the population based on genomic information, as genomics helps to illustrate ways that individual differences in response to social and environmental factors contribute to variation at the population level.
New insights from genomic science will have practical implications for the organization of health services, the deployment of bioinformatics and new information systems, the need for evidence-based processes and the role of the private sector in different countries. The 4th national conference papers exemplify the controversies we face, the promising opportunities to consider, the potential for intervention innovations, and the public health research questions that need to be answered to move the field forward.
This special issue of public health genomics is published coincidentally with an Institute of Medicine report: “For the public’s health: investing in a healthier future”. The report makes a series of recommendations to strengthen the role of public health practice in helping communities assess and take action on the multiple factors that shape their health; to support clinical care delivery system in improving population health; and to inform policies that affect the fundamentals of health in the United States. As we travel into the 21st century, the issue is not if but when emerging genomic information will be applied to pressing public health problems. This is indeed an exciting time for the young field of public health genomics. | <urn:uuid:d585ef6e-4df6-4fe0-984c-f100d0b73b13> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blogs.cdc.gov/genomics/2012/04/12/ushering-public-health-practice/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571987.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813202507-20220813232507-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.929192 | 803 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Written by Keith Power
Do You Really Understand Elite Sport Performance?
Sport is all about performance, right? It’s all about how you perform on the field, on the court, in the pool or in the gym. Teams or individuals can produce performance excellence or have performance disasters. Increasingly too, we hear the term ‘high performance’. Although you might hear or see the term ‘performance’ referenced all the time, do you really understand what performance is? More importantly, do you know what to do to produce truly elite level performance as an athlete, team, coach or sports administrator?
Over the past 25 years, KPA Elite Performance has studied, researched and worked with hundreds of elite performers in sport, business, the military, performing arts and show business. This led us to develop The KPA Elite Performance Model™, which is a simple, yet powerful way of understanding performance and how to perform like the elite do; in an intense, consistent and sustainable manner.
The basis of our model is that sport performance is made up of six key factors:
1. Performance Culture – the environment in which you perform. It’s the bedrock of performance. This is influenced by your coach, your teammates, training partners, mentors, family and friends. An elite performance culture is one in which we can learn, grow and excel. How often do talented athletes or teams fail because of a poor performance culture?
2. Physical Skills – the physical needs required of your sport or position. It could be speed, power, strength, speed endurance, endurance, agility, mobility and so on.
3. Mental Skills – the mental toughness and winning mind-set required to excel in your sport and/or position. This includes resilience, focus, confidence, the ability to perform under pressure, motivation and physical toughness.
4. Technical Skills – learning the skills required for your sport, role or position. For example, a central defender in soccer needs to be able to pass with both feet, be a strong tackler and be a good a ‘header’ of the ball. A point guard in basketball, needs good distribution/passing skills, good handling skills and the ability to lay up with both hands.
5. Tactical Skills – understanding the ‘X’s and O’s’ of your role, event or sport. A great middle distance runner needs to know their ‘race tactics’. A quarterback needs to know 100 plus plays every game and what play to run and when.
6. Lifestyle Skills – the ability to achieve balance and to manage the challenges of life and sport. It’s the ‘off field’ stuff. This includes organizational skills, sleep management, wellness and nutrition.
How well you are able to execute each these skills has a direct relationship to the outcomes or results you achieve. Put simply, the quality of your technical, tactical, mental, physical and lifestyle skills combined with the quality of your performance culture will dictate success or failure! This model is represented visually below.
The KPA Elite Performance Model™
1. These are skills!
Firstly, these six interconnected performance components are skills. That means they can be learned, developed and nurtured. They are not, “gifts”. They are not something you’ve either got or not, nor are they set in stone. They can be improved.
Even performance culture is a skill. Culture is the product of the way a group of people behave. You can choose to have an elite culture or a debilitative one by the way people around you behave and influence you. Do you have ‘radiators’ or ‘drains’ around you? Radiators are people who exude passion and positivity. Drains are people who suck away energy and are negative influences.
2. Elite performance is doing many things in a great way – at the same time!
Secondly, these six skills do not live in a vacuum; they impact and influence each other. They are like interconnected cogs in a highly tuned machine. Turn one cog and it affects others. If one of the cogs is defective, it affects other cogs.
I’d like to use, as an example, my time as the Head Coach for the British Olympic Bobsleigh (Bobsled) Team to illustrate this point. Like many sports, the difference between winning and losing, racing well and racing badly, can be measured in inches. The difference between the top 10 teams in any Olympic Games, major championship or World Cup event is a matter of hundredths of seconds. The start time then is critical.
Elite-level bobsled athletes need a range of performance skills to produce fast start time.
1) They need to be strong, fast, powerful and agile. (physical skills)
2) They have to have great push technique and must coordinate perfectly the start ‘hit’. (technical skills)
3) They need to know each track inside out to know how to ‘ride’ with the sled. (tactical skill)
4) They have to produce great start times under great pressure. (mental skills)
5) They need to be able to rest and regenerate their minds and bodies and fuel themselves for training and competition. (lifestyle management skills)
6) Finally, an elite bobsled team has a small army of management, coaching, strength and conditioning, sport medicine and sport science staff that support them. That team has to have a shared vision, shared values, mission and goals. (performance culture)
To get that fast start time, it’s not going to happen if you spend all your time in the gym getting strong and powerful but your push technique stinks and you don’t know how to ‘ride’ the sled. The physical cogs here are not integrated with the technical and tactical cogs.
Or you can have great physical skills and be a great technician, but if you can’t manage your life effectively and if you don’t learn the right mind-set to train and compete, then you won’t be an elite performer. Again, the mental skills and lifestyle skills cogs are not in sync with the physical and technical cogs.
Most important of all is the impact of the performance culture. As Head Coach for The Great Britain Olympic Bobsleigh Team, I ensured that, not only was every athlete and team plugged into the importance of the maximization and integration of physical/mental/technical/tactical and lifestyle skills, but there was huge emphasis on creating and sustaining an elite performance culture. Everything was geared to establishing a supportive, positive, accountable, shared culture that would maximize the other five performance skills of our athletes and teams.
The bottom line here is that talent and hard work alone do not produce elite level performance. A great individual or team performance is about maximizing all six performance skills. If one performance cog is weak, it affects the other cogs in the performance machine and that means less than optimal results.
3. Focus on the mental and lifestyle aspects of performance as much as you do the technical, tactical and physical skills
Our research and experience show that typically sport performers, particularly those who compete at a higher level, over-emphasize the importance of physical, technical and tactical skills and spend a disproportionate amount of time operating in these areas.
Not enough time is spent on developing the areas that allow performers to be truly elite and perform at an intense, consistent and sustainable level – the mental and lifestyle skills cogs of performance. These cogs drive the physical, technical and tactical skills cogs.
If you are a strength/power based sport athlete like a weightlifter, bobsledder, football player or thrower, I’m not suggesting that being strong and powerful and having great sport/skill technique isn’t important. I’m saying that, how helpful is an extra 10lbs on your bench press, if you can’t perform under pressure or have a poor lifestyle? Elite sports performers work hard on areas like relaxation, sleep, regeneration, mindfulness, mental preparation, nutrition and hydration for performance, personal management and wellness.
4. We all have individual performance needs
Fourthly, the KPA Performance Model™ recognizes that everyone is different and everyone needs an individualized performance development plan. “One size fits all” just doesn’t work. For example, one performer may need to hone in on improving lifestyle skills like work/life balance and sleep.
Another performer may need to work on mental skills areas such as resilience or confidence, while yet other performers may need to work on different mental skills such as mindfulness, or physical skills like building physical energy and mental preparation. Once size certainly does not fit all when it comes to elite performance.
5. Performance Culture is huge
Finally, never underestimate the importance of Performance Culture. As you will see in the model, culture is the overriding performance component, or cog, that drives all the other cogs.
If you don’t get your personal performance culture right or your teams’ culture is debilitative in some way, this can have a huge negative effect on the ability of individuals or teams to be true elite performers. Culture is where the motivation for change, development and improvement comes from and without it, performance cannot flourish or be sustained.
Back to my bobsleigh example. The Great Britain team was able to produce consistent results, ranking in the top 5 in the world. It outperformed teams with more talent, resources and depth of athletes. Why? Because the Great Britain team worked hard at developing an extremely positive performance culture that was athlete-centered. Many of the nations and teams we competed against had a terrible performance culture, full of athlete/administration/coach in-fighting, selfishness, negativity and self-interest. That crushed performance spirit and undermined their potential.
When it comes to Elite Performance in sport, at KPA, we believe the following to be true:
- There isn’t a clear understanding of real elite performance in sport – it is not well-defined or understood by most.
- Performance is usually confused with results or outcomes – performance is sum of the things you have to do in order to get great results.
- Through research and experience, we have established the KPA Elite Performance Model that explains the factors affecting elite sport performance. It consists of six key skills – technical/tactical/mental/physical/lifestyle and culture.
- These elements are skills because they can be learned and are not something set in stone.
- How well you execute these skills directly impacts how successful your performance outcomes are and the results you will get.
- Typically, sports performers can over-emphasise the importance of physical, technical and tactical skills and spend a disproportionate amount of time in these areas.
- The more ‘expert’ we become, generally speaking, the more we need to focus on mental skills, lifestyle skills and our performance culture
- All 6 skills do not live in a vacuum – they all impact and influence each other.
- We are all different and have different performance strengths and weaknesses – elite performance is not one size fits all.
- Finally – we should never underestimate the importance of Performance Culture!
By understanding what human performance is, what human performance skills are, and by measuring, monitoring, managing and enhancing these skills, KPA helps our clients ensure that their key performers and teams can operate at a higher and more sustained level.
We’re talking about what we at KPA like to call SELP – Sustained Elite Level Performance.
Keith Power has a wide and varied array of experience, skills and expertise in the arena of Elite Performance Sport and Business. He has competed in three sports internationally and has the distinction of being the youngest ever person to be a Head Coach at an Olympic Games. He currently works as an Elite Performance Architect, providing sustained elite performance solutions for individuals, teams and organizations. He is also an adjunct professor at John F Kennedy University, Pleasant Hill, California. He has extensive experience in developing high performance sports systems and processes, in delivering coach learning and development support, talent identification and development, leading cutting edge sport science, sports medicine and strength and conditioning programs and is a renowned leader in culture change and change management in sports and business. In sport this has included working with Olympic champions and medallists, top sports administrators and coaches, The University of California – Berkeley, UK sport, the British Olympic Association and top English Premiership Football and Rugby Teams.
He is an AASP certified consultant, has published articles in academic journals in the area of elite performance and has presented research work at international scientific conferences and workshops. Previously, he was a senior executive member of the British Association of Sport and Exercise Sciences (BASES). He is also an advisory board member for Leaders in Performance USA and a member of JFK’s sport psychology advisory board.
Email: [email protected]
M: 510 326 4299 | <urn:uuid:15393455-cb88-4182-8a53-cb6ce21b0b14> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.jtsstrength.com/really-understand-elite-sports-performance/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.943919 | 2,716 | 2.28125 | 2 |
If there is a big plan for your list to get a good result for your garden, then you need to work things out now and try to list more things that you can do so that it would be finished at once and you don’t have to think of other things as well over and over again. You can include the different services in your long list so that you can remind yourself and avoid those problems that may happen while selecting for the best person to work with you or to those people who you are going to hire since you are trying to save more money here. Remember that you need focus more on those sides like the tree lopping Perth where you can clean the top areas of the trees so that it would not affect the other parts when there is a problem up there like the infestation of the pests around the leaves and the twigs and many more to mention here.
The first reminder that we can give you is you need to choose the right location for them to grow and it is not only about the spot where you can plant them but you need to include the different temperature in that place. One of the most important parts here is that you need to have the great ideas when it comes to choosing the needs of them and that includes the water, the sun, and even the natural fertilizers where they can get the excellent nutrients and minerals to grow and become healthier outside and inside. It is a good point now that you need to when it comes to this matter that different plants would have their different needs which is very difficult for us to sustain and we need to make sure that we can provide them all to avoid having some problems like with the weather or the climate which us very unstable for the plants to grow.
You should not consider planting more plants and trees when the spring season is getting over and the winter time will come as it would not be a good action for you to start since that it can’t provide the things that you trees would need and this can cause death to all the new plants you have there. When you are planting the average plants, you need to make sure that the roots are growing and they can get more nutrients down there.
Some common mistakes could be about watering too much or putting too much mulch or fertilizers which can give them an overdose dosage since most of them inorganic. You need to choose the right time to water them as you should not put too much water to the ground or else, they are going to be drowned and hard to transport the different minerals that the plant needs. It is fine to call an expert as you need them in order to keep things better and have a better result for those beginners. | <urn:uuid:7dac2680-3291-46db-8c39-bcdfe081a88f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.friendsofthefalls.org/2020/05/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00677.warc.gz | en | 0.981977 | 540 | 1.90625 | 2 |
Fobia del principio, Machette no. 6 9/2010
Anarchism asserted itself within the First International as a movement of revolt against the centralized, authoritarian and State-centred Marxist tendencies. Later marxism specialized in electoral politics while anarchism developed a vigorous anti-parliamentarian character. In its first decades of life, militant anarchism was a revolutionary movement advocating a social system based on libertarian communism, which was to be achieved through social revolution, i.e. through the destruction of the State and of all orders and privileges, by recourse to the direct action of individuals along with the oppressed, dispossessed masses. The project was too plain to offer anything to political calculation, too radical to allow niches to the comfortable liberalism of well-heeled revolutionaries, too intransigent to make itself available to the intrigues of opportunism. In order to be carried out, this project required that one’s ideas be resolute and steady, it required determination and unselfishness, all things that were rare among the avid crowd of political adventurers. Our first comrades were good-hearted, honest intellectuals and intelligent and generous workers, always ready, the former as well as the latter, to take up arms and struggle for the triumph of anarchy. Until the first wave of revisionism came over.
Anarchy was a great and beautiful fancy. The ultimate goal of human progress, without any doubt. But its pride and sublime negations made it inaccessible to common mortals, the ascetic intransigence of its supporters besieged any chance for action through an insuperable barrier of inhibitions, thus making them impotent, making it a monastery of a new order with neither god nor future. It was necessary to reconsider one’s positions, get rid of the rigid interpretation of principles and make contact with everyday life and all the workers. Any little exception to the ‘holy scriptures’ of anarchy would be largely offset by the results.
To present oneself as a candidate in protest – the revisionists of that time insinuated – can usefully get
our best standard bearers out from jails and islands where they have been condemned to inertia; a parliamentary mandate offers an important forum to our most intelligent members, from which they can talk to the multitudes, give incalculable propaganda advantages to our groups and the possibility to keep our ‘orators’ in perpetual circulation all over the peninsula, protected by parliamentary immunity. This is what the first to be scornful of the principles were like. By preaching independence from the inflexible chain of anarchist principles, these people ended up subjugating themselves to the anti-anarchist principles of parliamentarian socialism, which was bourgeois and monarchic.
When one slides down the slope of transition and opportunism, no matter how these are concealed by allurements, one knows where one starts off from but not always where one will end up.
Then the wave of syndicalism arrived. The pressing ‘need’ was still the same: to get out of the inertia caused by rigid coherence of principles and establish contact with the exploited and oppressed masses so that the latter could be initiated to the propaganda of the anarchist ideal. Anarchism had produced martyrs and heroes. But not everybody has got it in them to be a martyr or a hero; nor are the latter sufficient to crown social revolution with triumph. And given that at a certain moment the influence of anarchists in unions had served to oppose the degenerative progression of parliamentarian socialism, it was urgent to consolidate the positions conquered, to strengthen the presence of anarchists in the unions, to become able to direct the mass of producers towards the goals of social revolution at the right moment and according to the fundamental criteria of Anarchy.
What does it matter if the authority of leaders of crowds is required to achieve such results, if an administrative bureaucracy must be imposed, and if all the organs and functions of the State must be reproduced on a smaller scale. A ‘little’ exception to principles will be greatly compensated by immense advantages.
We have seen this. The ‘revisionists’ of anarchist principles have become the priests of the anti-anarchist principles of the State and privilege; and workers unions, which were originally libertarian in France, are today the fiercest columns of the bourgeois order.
The apostasy of the war revisionists is no less patent. They erected foul altars to the homeland on the abjuration of their internationalism, they deserted the trench of social revolution to occupy that of war imposed by the State to the profit of capitalist privilege, they abandoned the cause of the exploited and oppressed masses and embraced that of their exploiters, tyrants and executioners. No desertion could ever be more complete. Whatever they say or do to save face, they have definitively moved over to the other side of the barricade. And we will find them implacable against us in any serious circumstance, armed with acrimony and hatred. From their limbs in decomposition the supporters of the ‘popular front’ at all costs came out, in which Italian antifascism in the 1920s offers outstanding examples of foolishness: Garibaldism and the Concentration, or rather the ‘anarchist’ adhesion to Garibaldism and to the Concentration, two manifestations of one and the same recklessness. The determining reasons do not change: the ‘desire to do something’ and the pretext of maintaining contact with the masses. In vain you reminded the ‘anarchist’ Garibaldinists that Anarchy despises armies, ‘revolutions’ carried out by order of generals and ‘constituent assemblies’ elected by universal suffrage. ‘Damn principles’, they replied, ‘we stand for action and we won’t be held up by the rigour of the “sacred texts”, which are good only for you who stay watching’. After garibaldinism was revealed as a filthy plot of agent provocateurs, nobody would have wanted to embrace it. But at the time, when illusion made the heads of many swell and many others dream of medals and pensions, to have a red shirt in one’s wardrobe constituted a title of glory and a harsh rebuke to the poor fanatics who were obstinate in their faith in Anarchy. There was no action in the name of the many buffooneries that were taking place, instead there were parades, processions, proclamations, scandalous rehabilitations, the ignominious vilification of the most modest anarchist pride, of the abused fetishes of the homeland and bourgeois democracy.
Once again the grim unaccommodating anarchist principles were ‘revisited’ in order to honour the anti-anarchist principles of militarism and the State.
The deluded, humiliated for having been victims of a moment of blind collective enthusiasm, of such an ignoble fraud, mended their ways. The others, the conscientious mystifiers, those who had actually consumed the ‘revisionism’ of their ‘anarchism’ with cold calculation, moved towards the Concentration, where they gave their circus jokes a final conservative stamp.
The revisionists of a not very different species are those that came out from the magnanimous limbs of triumphant Bolshevik marxism of the first great proletarian revolution. The first outcome of this revisionism, that of the first compromises during the early period of the Moscow dictatorship, soon confused itself with the party and the government ruling Russia, and no anarchist dream ever disturbed it. As any possibility of doubt had disappeared with the massacre of all genuinely revolutionary and rebel spirits crushed by totalitarian communist despotism, they took their mask off shamelessly and sided with the winners, without pointless grimaces or false modesty.
The second outcome is that of so called ‘platformists’. Fascinated by the relative ease with which the communist party had managed to obtain and keep the upper hand, they fantasised that anarchism would follow its example with the same fortune and would eventually oust it by adopting a similar system of organization. They did not abjure their principles. They made an effort to round off the hard corners through an obscure muddle of words in their organizational program. They proclaimed the inexorable superiority of the needs of the struggle, which implied the subordination of inflexibile theoretical principles; and in practise they renounced the libertarian spirit that is the necessary essence of any anarchist movement. Instead, they proposed a hierarchical pyramid of organs and functions in which the organs and the functions of the State were revived in all their splendour.
Everywhere and at any time the same pretexts, the same roles, the same consequences. The rigidity of anarchist principles is an obstacle to fertile action. Let’s make them more malleable, let’s adapt them to the needs of our time and to the backward mentality of the masses that do not understand us! Let’s go into parliament, become priests of the homeland, party leaders… let’s become shepherds of the masses. In the name of Anarchy, let’s renounce Anarchy!
Wouldn’t it be more frank, honest and loyal if these disheartened, the tired and the opportunists were to simply declare that they had made a mistake and want to correct their mistakes? Of course, it would be more frank, honest and loyal. But there are the hypocritical trimmers, the speculators in human weaknesses, who do not care about loyalty, honesty and frankness and are only interested in fishing in troubled waters and digging insurmountable abysses of anger and hatred within the movement. | <urn:uuid:704c9d73-4b58-479e-afc1-729ccffcd608> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://turbellaria.blogspot.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00352-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95246 | 2,000 | 2.421875 | 2 |
Local author Dan Whittle will sign his new book "Canalou" at Demos' Restaurant on Wednesday April 23rd during lunch from 11:00AM to 2:00PM and for dinner, 4:00 to 7:00PM. Copies of the of the book will be available for $22.
Whittle is a columnist in The Post and Cannon Courier newspapers, plus is a visiting Friday co-host on the popular Truman Jones Show that airs from 9 a.m. to 10 a.m. weekdays on WGNS Radio.
“I’m deeply honored by the legendary Demos restaurant family allowing me to present my book to my home community,” noted Whittle. “Since being published by the Center for Regional History at Southeast Missouri State University in Cape Girardeau, Mo., the book has been selling well throughout the U.S.”
It’s a book based in Whittle’s native “Bootheel” in Southeast Missouri, where the nation’s largest dredging and drainage project in history started in 1914, that resulted in today’s 6-county farming region so fertile those counties comprise 30-percent of Missouri’s annual agriculture production.
That massive swamp on the Missouri side of the Mississippi River was the equivalent of West Tennessee’s Reelfoot Lake, both swamps partially formed in the New Madrid Earthquakes of 1811-12.
“Yankee timber barons entered the Missouri swamp in 1902 for the timber. Interviews with original swamp settler Florence Robinson Poe (1898-2012) provide the foundation chapter of our book, since she floated into what became our hometown ‘Canalou’ on a log raft in 1905,” Whittle describes. “This remarkable lady granted me interviews at ages 105 and 110, detailing events such as catching fish out of her bedroom window, her family being endangered by panthers and bears, and going to the post office in a Jon boat.”
The town name “Canalou” is a French word asking ‘where goes the channel?’”
The small remote New Madrid County town was first built on poles and platforms for first settlers to be up out of the water when not cutting and transporting logs.
“Those first settlers were tough, brave and adaptive people,” Whittle acknowledges. “The more I researched the book, the more I admired them, along with the awesome hard-working farmers who followed the timber harvest.” | <urn:uuid:d58d7099-2a4e-4057-b674-2f34154b3ed1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.wgnsradio.com/dan-whittles-book-signing-this-wednesday-at-demos-cms-19556 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00134-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950017 | 531 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Perhaps it is a wonder that Chirpy could be so cheerful as he was, living under such difficulties as he did. But on the other hand, maybe he felt so carefree at night that he couldn’t help being jolly.
Anyhow, he was always ready for a good time. And if there was no good time at hand, usually Chirpy Cricket could think of some sort of frolic.
And so, at last, he hit upon the idea of a torchlight procession. Somebody had told him that Farmer Green’s family had seen such a parade in the village one evening. And Chirpy Cricket saw no reason why he and his friends should not enjoy one too, right there in the shadow of Blue Mountain.
“What they can do in the village, we can do here!” he exclaimed. And though it was still broad daylight—being not later than the middle of the afternoon—Chirpy set out at once to find Freddie Firefly, because he simply had to get Freddie to help him.
He found Freddie in the swampy part of the meadow, near the place where the cat-tails grew. And though Freddie was a bit sleepy, he became wide awake the moment he heard Chirpy Cricket’s voice.
“I’ve thought of a fine plan!” Chirpy Cricket cried. “I’m going to have a torchlight procession and I want you and all your family to take part in it.”
FREDDIE AGREES TO HELP
Never in all his life had Freddie Firefly heard of a torchlight procession—nor of any other sort of procession, either. So when Chirpy Cricket first mentioned his plan it was no wonder that Freddie looked somewhat blank.
But when Chirpy explained that a procession was a parade, which meant that you followed a leader—and a good many others—in a long line, Freddie Firefly began to understand.
“I need you and a few hundred of your nearest relations to furnish the lights,” Chirpy Cricket continued. “And I wish you’d ask your whole family to take part in the procession, for we really can’t have too many of you.”
“When will the procession take place?” Freddie Firefly wanted to know.
“To-night, as soon as it’s dark enough!” Chirpy told him.
“And where are we going to march?”
“Oh, all around the meadow!” said Chirpy Cricket. “The line will form along the stone wall by the roadside. ... Do you think you’ll be there?” he inquired somewhat anxiously.
“You certainly can count on me,” Freddie Firefly promised. “Of course, I can’t very well accept your invitation for more than about fifty-five of my brothers—and maybe six dozen of my cousins. But I hope there’ll be more of us than that.”
“Well, I hope so, too,” Chirpy Cricket said. “But even if there were no more than you can promise, we ought to have enough. Fifty-five and six dozen make one hundred and twenty-seven; and you make one hundred and twenty-eight.”
“Yes,” replied Freddie Firefly, though he thought it would have been more polite had Chirpy Cricket counted him first instead of last, since he was the first of his family to be invited. But he really couldn’t be angry with anyone so cheerful as Chirpy Cricket. | <urn:uuid:dc1cab25-dd92-4019-a2d5-f15db21628a8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.bookrags.com/ebooks/5727/3.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00072-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.980641 | 775 | 2.03125 | 2 |
WHAT ECONOMISTS CAN LEARN FROM EVOLUTIONARY THEORISTS
(A talk given to the European Association for Evolutionary Political Economy)
Good morning. I am both honored and a bit nervous to be speaking to a group devoted to the idea of evolutionary political economy. As you probably know, I am not exactly an evolutionary economist. I like to think that I am more open-minded about alternative approaches to economics than most, but I am basically a maximization-and-equilibrium kind of guy. Indeed, I am quite fanatical about defending the relevance of standard economic models in many situations.
Why, then, am I here? Well, partly because my research work has taken me to some of the edges of the neoclassical paradigm. When you are concerned, as I have been, with situations in which increasing returns are crucial, you must drop the assumption of perfect competition; you are also forced to abandon the belief that market outcomes are necessarily optimal, or indeed that the market can be said to maximize anything. You can still believe in maximizing individuals and some kind of equilibrium, but the complexity of the situations in which your imaginary agents find themselves often obliges you - and presumably them - to represent their behavior by some kind of ad hoc rule rather than as the outcome of a carefully specified maximum problem. And you are often driven by sheer force of modeling necessity to think of the economy as having at least vaguely "evolutionary" dynamics, in which initial conditions and accidents along the way may determine where you end up. Some of you may have read my work on economic geography; I only found out after I had worked on the models for some time that I was using "replicator dynamics" to discuss the problem of economic change.
But there is another reason I am here. I am an economist, but I am also what we might call an evolution groupie. That is, I spend a great deal of time reading what evolutionary biologists write - not only the more popular volumes but the textbooks and, most recently, some of the professional articles. I have even tried to talk to some of the biologists, which in this age of narrow specialization is a major effort. My interest in evolution is partly a recreation; but it is also true that I find in evolutionary biology a useful vantage point from which to view my own specialty in a new perspective. In a way, the point is that both the parallels and the differences between economics and evolutionary biology help me at least to understand what I am doing when I do economics - to get, to be pompous about it, a new perspective on the epistemology of the two fields.
I am sure that I am not unique either in my interest in biology or in my feeling that we economists have something to learn from it. Indeed, I am sure that many people in this room know far more about evolutionary theory than I do. But I may have one special distinction. Most economists who try to apply evolutionary concepts start from some deep dissatisfaction with economics as it is. I won't say that I am entirely happy with the state of economics. But let us be honest: I have done very well within the world of conventional economics. I have pushed the envelope, but not broken it, and have received very widespread acceptance for my ideas. What this means is that I may have more sympathy for standard economics than most of you. My criticisms are those of someone who loves the field and has seen that affection repaid. I don't know if that makes me morally better or worse than someone who criticizes from outside, but anyway it makes me different.
Anyway, enough preliminaries.
If you are familiar with economics and start reading evolutionary biology in earnest - and presumably vice versa - you quickly realize that these are sister fields. They actually have a remarkable amount in common, not only in terms of the kind of questions they ask and the methods they use, but in terms of the way they relate to and are perceived by the rest of the world.
To begin with, there is the similarity in the basic approach. Let me give you my own personal definition of the basic method of economic theory. To me, it seems that what we know as economics is the study of those phenomena that can be understood as emerging from the interactions among intelligent, self-interested individuals. Notice that there are really four parts to this definition. Let's read from right to left.
1. Economics is about what individuals do: not classes, not "correlations
of forces", but individual actors. This is not to deny the relevance
of higher levels of analysis, but they must be grounded in individual behavior.
Methodological individualism is of the essence.
2. The individuals are self-interested. There is nothing in economics that inherently prevents us from allowing people to derive satisfaction from others' consumption, but the predictive power of economic theory comes from the presumption that normally people care about themselves.
3. The individuals are intelligent: obvious opportunities for gain are not neglected. Hundred-dollar bills do not lie unattended in the street for very long.
4. We are concerned with the interaction of such individuals: Most interesting economic theory, from supply and demand on, is about "invisible hand" processes in which the collective outcome is not what individuals intended.
OK, that's what economics is about. What is evolutionary theory about?
The answer, basically, is that evolutionists share three of the four concerns. Their field is about the interaction of self-interested individuals - who are often thought of as organisms "trying" to leave as many offspring as possible, but which are in some circumstances best thought of as genes "trying" to propagate as many copies of themselves as possible. The main difference between evolutionary theory and economics is that while economists routinely suppose that the agents in their models are very smart about finding the best strategy - and an economist is always defensive about any model in which agents are assumed to act with less than perfect rationality - evolutionists have no qualms about assuming myopic behavior. Indeed, myopia is of the essence of their view.
I'll talk later about what difference this makes. My point right now is that because the basic methods are similar if not identical, economics and evolutionary theory are surprisingly similar. It is often asserted that economic theory draws its inspiration from physics, and that it should become more like biology. If that's what you think, you should do two things. First, read a text on evoluationary theory, like John Maynard Smith's Evolutionary Genetics. You will be startled at how much it looks like a textbook on microeconomics. Second, try to explain a simple economic concept, like supply and demand, to a physicist. You will discover that our whole style of thinking, of building up aggregative stories from individual decisions, is not at all the way they think.
So there is a close affinity in method and indeed of intellectual style between economics and evolution. But there is another interesting parallel: both economics and evolution are model-oriented, algebra-heavy subjects that are the subject of intense interest from people who cannot stand algebra. And as a result in each case it is very important to distinguish between the field as it is perceived by outsiders (and portrayed in popular books) and what it is really like. We all know that economics is a field in which the most famous authors are often people who are regarded, with good reason, as not even worth arguing with by almost everyone in the profession. Do you remember that global best-seller The Coming Great Depression of 1990 by Ravi Batra? And I guess it is no secret that even John Kenneth Galbraith, still the public's idea of a great economist, looks to most serious economists like an intellectual dilettante who lacks the patience for hard thinking. Well, the same is true in evolution.
I am not sure how well this is known. I have tried, in preparation for this talk, to read some evolutionary economics, and was particularly curious about what biologists people reference. What I encountered were quite a few references to Stephen Jay Gould, hardly any to other evolutionary theorists. Now it is not very hard to find out, if you spend a little while reading in evolution, that Gould is the John Kenneth Galbraith of his subject. That is, he is a wonderful writer who is bevolved by literary intellectuals and lionized by the media because he does not use algebra or difficult jargon. Unfortunately, it appears that he avoids these sins not because he has transcended his colleagues but because he does does not seem to understand what they have to say; and his own descriptions of what the field is about - not just the answers, but even the questions - are consistently misleading. His impressive literary and historical erudition makes his work seem profound to most readers, but informed readers eventually conclude that there's no there there. (And yes, there is some resentment of his fame: in the field the unjustly famous theory of "punctuated equilibrium", in which Gould and Niles Eldredge asserted that evolution proceeds not steadily but in short bursts of rapid change, is known as "evolution by jerks").
What is rare in the evolutionary economics literature, at least as far as I can tell, is references to the theorists the practitioners themselves regard as great men - to people like George Williams, William Hamilton, or John Maynard Smith. This is serious, because if you think that Gould's ideas represent the cutting edge of evolutionary theory (as I myself did until about a year and a half ago), you have an almost completely misguided view of where the field is and even of what the issues are.
This is important, because it is at least my impression that what economists who like to use "evolutionary" concepts expect from evolution is often based on what they imagine evolutionary theory to be like, not on what it is actually like. And conversely, you learn a lot about why conventional economics looks the way it does by seeing how evolutionary theorists have been driven to some of the same positions.
To explain these rather cryptic remarks, let me talk briefly about what - it seems to me, but I am happy to be corrected - economists think an evolutionary approach can give us, then about what evolutionists seem to be saying in practice.
What evolutionary economists want
I don't think that there are many economists, even among the unconventionally minded, who would quarrel seriously with my basic definition of economics as concerning the interactions among intelligent, self-interested individuals. I guess a Marxist would have problems with the whole idea of methodological individualism, and a Galbraithian would have problems with the idea that self-interest can be defined without taking into account the ability of advertisers and so forth to shape preferences. But such quarrels apart I would guess that we do not have much difference with the basic statement.
Where the dissatisfaction sets in is with how we implement the first two terms in my four-part program.Yes, of course economics is about interaction, and the agents are intelligent; but exactly how intelligent are they, and what is the nature of the their interaction?
For there is no question that conventional economics has gone beyond the general ideas of intelligence and interaction to a much harder-edged, extreme formulation. At least since Paul Samuelson published Foundations of Economic Analysis in 1947, the overwhelming thrust of conventional theory has been to say that agents are not only intelligent, they maximize - that is, they chose the best of all feasible alternatives. And when they interact, we assume that what they do is achieve an equilibrium, in which each individual is doing the best he can given what all the others are doing.
Now anyone who looks at the world knows that these are extreme and unrealistic assumptions. I just had some work done on my house; it is painfully obvious, looking at the final bill, that I did not maximize - I did not engage in optimal search for a contractor. In trying to find someone to do the remaining work, I have discovered that local wages and prices have not caught up with the economic boom in Massachusetts, so that it is extremely hard to find anyone to do carpentry or plumbing - the market is definitely not in equilibrium. So can't we get away from the maximization-and-equilibrium approach to something more realistic?
Well, as I understand it that is what evolutionary economics is all about. In particular, evolution-minded economists seem to want the following:
1. They want to get away from the idea that individuals maximize. Instead, they want to represent decisions as the result of some process of groping through alternatives, a process in which it may take a long time to get to a maximum - and in which the maximum you find may well be local rather than global.
2. They want to get away from the notion of equilibrium. In particular, they want to have an approach in which things are always in disequilibrium, in which the economy is always evolving. Latterly there have also been some economists who want to merge evolutionary ideas with the Schumpeterian notion that the economy proceeds via waves of "creative destruction".
Now as I understand it evolutionary economists basically believe that an evolutionary approach will satisfy these desires. After all, real organisms often look to the discerning eye like works in progress - they are full of features that fall short of what would adapt them perfectly to their environment, that is, they have not really maximized their fitness. And they also often seem to be stuck on local maxima: dolphins may look like fish, but they still need to surface for air. Meanwhile, what is evolution but a process of continual change, which has taken us from microbes to man? And if you are a reader of Gould and his acolytes, you have the sense that evolution proceeds through spasms of sudden change that seem positively Schumpeterian in their drama.
So the attractiveness of an evolutionary metaphor - especially if you believe that economics has gotten off on the wrong track by basing itself on physics - is understandable. But before we get too carried away with the prospects for an evolutionary revolution, we had better look at what the evolutionists themselves really do.
What evolutionary theory is really like
To read the real thing in evolution - to read, say, John Maynard Smith's Evolution and the Theory of Games, or William Hamilton's new book of collected papers, Narrow Roads in Gene Land, is a startling experience to someone whose previous idea of evolution comes from magazine articles and popular books. The field does not look at all like the stories. What it does look like, to a remarkable degree, is - dare I say it? - neoclassical economics. And it offers very little comfort to those who want a refuge from the harsh discipline of maximization and equilibrium.
Consider first the question of maximization. Clearly it is a crucial point about evolution that it must proceed by small steps, which means that maxima must be approached only gradually and that you could easily be trapped on a merely local maximum. But do these observations actually play a large role in evolutionary theory? No, not really.
Look, for example, at William Hamilton's deeply influential paper "The genetical basis of social behavior". In the first part of that paper he introduces a model of population dynamics and shows that a gene will tend to spread if it enhances not an organism's individual fitness, but its "inclusive fitness": a weighted sum of the fitness of all the individual's relatives, with the weights proportional to their closeness of relationship. (An alternative way to think of this is to think of the gene spreading if it is good for its own fitness, never mind the organisms it lives in; this is the theme of Richard Dawkins's book The Selfish Gene). Now Hamilton's derivation concerns process - it is a dynamic story about which direction the next small step will proceed in. But when it comes to the second part, in which he uses the idea to discuss the real world - why birds expose themselves to predators by warning their neighbors, why insects have such massively organized societies - he simply assumes that what we actually see can be viewed as the culmination of that process, that the creatures we see have already maximized. In short, even though evolution is necessarily a process of small changes, evolutionary theorists normally take the shortcut of assuming that the process gets you to the maximum, and pay surprisingly little attention to the dynamics along the way.
What about the possibility of being trapped on local maxima? Well, this is a big concern for some theorists, like the Santa Fe Institute's Stuart Kauffman - but Kauffman is not a central player in the field. The general attitude of evolutionary theorists seems to be that Nature can often find surprising pathways to places you would have thought unreachable by small steps; that over a few hundred thousand generations a slightly light-sensitive patch of skin can become an eye that appears to be perfectly designed, or a jaw-bone can migrate around and become a piece of exquisitively sensitive sound-detection equipment. This is the theme of Richard Dawkins's new book Climbing Mount Improbable. It is also, if I understand it, the point of what philospher Daniel Dennnet calls Leslie Orgel's Second Law: "Evolution is smarter than you are". (Alternative version, according to Dennett: Evolution is smarter than Leslie Orgel).
In practice, then, evolutionary theorists generally end up assuming that organisms (or genes, when that is the more useful perspective) do maximize; the process, the necessary caveat that they must get wherever they are going by small steps, gets put to one side.
What about equilibrium? To outsiders, it appears that evolutionary theory must be a theory of continuing, progressive change. Indeed, Stephen Jay Gould's latest book is an argument against the supposed orthodoxy that evolution must be a matter of continuing progress toward ever-higher levels of complexity. But who defends that orthodoxy? The really amazing thing I have found when reading evolutionary theory is how little they talk about evolution as an ongoing process. Instead, they tend to try to explain what we see as the result of a finished process, in which each species has adapted fully to its environment - an environment that includes both other members of its own species and members of other species. It is revealing that the title of the classic book by George Williams that is often credited with a seminal role in modern evolutionary theory - a book that essentially established the principle that social behavior should be explained in terms of the self-interest of genes - is Adaptation and Natural Selection. "Evolution" isn't in the title, and certainly isn't in the text if it is taken to mean some kind of inexorable drive toward greater perfection. The working assumption of Williams and most other evolutionary theorists, at least as far as I can tell, is that we should model the natural world not as being on the way but as being already there.
The most telling example of this preference is the widespread use of John Maynard Smith's concept of "evolutionarily stable strategies". An ESS is the best strategy for an organism to follow given the strategies that all others are following - the strategy that maximizes fitness given that everyone else is maximizing fitness, with each taking the others' strategies into account. Does this sound familiar? It should: the concept of an ESS is virtually indistinguishable from an economist's concept of equilibrium.
And by the way: Maynard Smith's textbook is explicitly skeptical of claims that evolution is necessarily an ongoing process, let alone that it need have any particular direction. Not only do the models normally settle down to an equilibrium; so do experiments, for example with RNA evolution. And any evolutionist has got to be aware that life appears to have stayed happily single-celled for several billion years before something led to the next big step.
Now you can understand why I say that a textbook in evolution reads so much like a textbook in microeconomics. At a deep level, they share the same method: explain behavior in terms of an equilibrium among maximizing individuals.
But why does evolutionary theory in practice fail to take advantage, if we can call it that, either of the myopia or of the dynamics inherent in any evolutionary story?
Why evolutionists don't do evolution
What I have argued to this point is that even though evolution is a theory of gradual change, of myopic dynamics, in practice most evolutionary theory focusses on the presumed end result of such dynamics: an equilibrium in which individuals maximize their fitness given what other individuals do. Why should the theory have taken this turn?
The answer is surely the ever-present need to simplify, to make models that are comprehensible. The fact is that maximization and equilibrium are astonishingly powerful ways to cut through what might otherwise be forbidding complexity - and evolutionary theorists have, entirely correctly, been willing to adopt the useful fiction that individuals are at their maxima and that the system is in equilibrium.
Let me give you an example. William Hamilton's wonderfully named paper "Geometry for the Selfish Herd" imagines a group of frogs sitting at the edge of a circular pond, from which a snake may emerge - and he supposes that the snake will grab and eat the nearest frog. Where will the frogs sit? To compress his argument, Hamilton points out that if there are two groups of frogs around the pool, each group has an equal chance of being targeted, and so does each frog within each group - which means that the chance of being eaten is less if you are a frog in the larger group. Thus if you are a frog trying to maximize your choice of survival, you will want to be part of the larger group; and the equilibrium must involve clumping of all the frogs as close together as possible.
Notice what is missing from this analysis. Hamilton does not talk about the evolutionary dynamics by which frogs might acquire a sit-with-the-other-frogs instinct; he does not take us through the intermediate steps along the evolutionary path in which frogs had not yet completely "realized" that they should stay with the herd. Why not? Because to do so would involve him in enormous complications that are basically irrelevant to his point, whereas - ahem - leapfrogging straight over these difficulties to look at the equilibrium in which all frogs maximize their chances given what the other frogs do is a very parsimonious, sharp-edged way of gaining insight.
Now some people would say that this kind of creation of useful fictions is a thing of the past, because now we can study complex dynamics using computer simulations. But anyone who has tried that sort of thing - and I have, at great length - eventually comes to realize just what a wonderful tool paper-and-pencil analysis based on maximization and equilibrium really is. By all means let us use simulation to push out the boundaries of our understanding; but just running a lot of simulations and seeing what happens is a frustrating and finally unproductive exercise unless you can somehow create a "model of the model" that lets you understand what is going on.
I could multiply examples here, but I think the point is clear. Evolutionary theorists, even though they have a framework that fundamentally tells them that you cannot safely assume maximization-and-equilibrium, make use of maximization and equilibrium as modelling devices - as useful fictions about the world that allow them to cut through the complexities. And evolutionists have found these fictions so useful that they dominate analysis in evolution almost as completely as the same fictions dominate economic theory.
What is neoclassical economics?
I just said that these fictions dominate economics. But the question in economics is whether we understand that they are fictions, rather than deep-seated truths. For there, perhaps, is where economists have something to learn from evolutionists.
In economics we often use the term "neoclassical" either as a way to praise or to damn our opponents. Personally, I consider myself a proud neoclassicist. By this I clearly don't mean that I believe in perfect competition all the way. What I mean is that I prefer, when I can, to make sense of the world using models in which individuals maximize and the interaction of these individuals can be summarized by some concept of equilibrium. The reason I like that kind of model is not that I believe it to be literally true, but that I am intensely aware of the power of maximization-and-equilibrium to organize one's thinking - and I have seen the propensity of those who try to do economics without those organizing devices to produce sheer nonsense when they imagine they are freeing themselves from some confining orthodoxy.
That said, there are indeed economists who regard maximization and equilibrium as more than useful fictions. They regard them either as literal truths - which I find a bit hard to understand given the reality of daily experience - or as principles so central to economics that one dare not bend them even a little, no matter how useful it might seem to do so.
To be fair, there is some justification in the insistence of some economists on pushing very hard on the principles of equilibrium and in particular of maxmization. After all, people are smarter than genes. If I offer a model in which people seem to be passing up some opportunity for gain, you may justifiably ask me why they don't just take it. And unlike the case of genes, the argument that the alternative is quite different from what my imagined agent is currently doing is not necessarily a very good one: in the real world people do sometimes respond to opportunities by changing their behavior drastically. In biology purely local change is a sacred principle; in economics it has no comparable justification.
And yet I think that despite the differences, it would be better if economists were more self-aware - if they understood that their use of maximization-and-equilibrium, like that of evolutionary biologists, is a useful fiction rather than a principle to be defended at all costs. If we were more modest about what we think our modeling strategy is doing, we might free ourselves to accommodate more of the world in our analysis.
And so let me conclude this talk by giving two examples of how a more relaxed, "evolution"-style approach to economics might help us out.
Two economic examples
As you know, one of my areas of research has been the study of economic geography. Perhaps the most basic insight in these models has been the possibility of a cumulative process of agglomeration. Suppose that there are two regions, and one region starts with a slightly larger concentration of industry. This concentration of industry will provide larger markets and better sources of supply for producers than in the other region, perhaps inducing more producers to locate in that region, further reinforcing its advantage, and so on. It's a good story, and I am quite sure that in some sense it is correct. Yet when I and my students try to present this work, we often run into a surprising difficulty: theorists get very upset about the dynamics. Why, they ask, don't individuals correctly anticipate the future location of industry? How can you have such a model without forward-looking agents and rational expectations?
Now the fact is that when you try to do rational expectations in such models they become vastly more difficult, and the basic point becomes obscured. In short, here is a situation in which going all the way to full maximizing behavior - and trying to avoid the disequilibrium, evolutionary dynamics I assume - makes life harder, not easier. It seems to me, at least, that this is a situation where economists would do a better job if they understood that maximization is a metaphor to be used only to the extent that it helps understanding.
And when I run into this sort of critique I am envious of evolutionary theorists who do models like, say, the Fisher theory of runaway sexual selection, and can use myopic, disequilibrium dynamics without apology. (If you don't know that model, it works like this: suppose that there is one gene that makes peahens - that's the female of peacock - like males with big tails, and another that causes males to have big tails. If there is a preponderance of females that carries this gene, then males with big tails will have more offspring even if they have less chance of surviving because of their visibility to predators. But because a male with a big tail is likely to be the son of a female who likes big tails, this success will also tend to spread the gene for big-tail preference .... The resemblance to agglomeration is obvious- isn't it?)
Another issue: consider the question of whether and how monetary policy has real effects. In the end this comes down to whether prices are sticky in nominal terms. In my view there is overwhelming evidence that they are. But many economists reject such evidence on principle: a rational price-setter ought not to have money illusion, therefore it is bad economics to assume that they do. If neo-Keynesians like me suggest that a bit of bounded rationality would do the trick, the answer is that bounded rationality is too open-ended a concept, and can be used to rationalize too many different behaviors.
And yet in evolution the idea that there are limits to the precision of maximization is adopted cheerfully. When a bird sees a predator, it issues a warning cry that puts itself at risk but may save its neighbors; the reason this behavior "works", we believe, is that many of those neighbors are likely to be relatives, and thus the bird may enhance its "inclusive fitness". But why doesn't the bird issue a warning only its relatives can hear? Well, we just suppose that isn't possible.
In short, I believe that economics would be a more productive field if we learned something important from evolutionists: that models are metaphors, and that we should use them, not the other way around. | <urn:uuid:6a18f649-ae73-45aa-8130-98b3e450732c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://web.mit.edu/krugman/www/evolute.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00343-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965961 | 6,104 | 1.632813 | 2 |
New Zealand health officials said Thursday there is no guaranteed monkeypox vaccine supply yet for the country because of global demands.
Te Whatu Ora-Health New Zealand national director Dr. Nick Chamberlain said there is no vaccine on order as many countries also secure it from one manufacturer.
“The challenge that we have, [which] is the same that countries all over the world have, is that there is a single vaccine manufacturer,” Public Health Agency’s Deputy Director-General Dr. Andrew Old said.
According to Chamberlain, the government talked with Pharmac, responsible for the vaccine procurement, to obtain monkeypox vaccines as soon as the first infection was detected.
The government aims to acquire at least 20,000 monkeypox vaccines, the minimum purchase.
On Tuesday, the Ministry of Health confirmed its third monkeypox case. The first case was confirmed on July 9, while the second was reported on July 12.
Health authorities said the government would implement a broader public health measure and not only rely on vaccination.
© Fourth Estate® — All Rights Reserved.
This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed. | <urn:uuid:65fde640-bfb7-43e3-8966-f46916de3782> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dailynewsbrief.com/2022/08/04/new-zealand-unsure-of-monkeypox-vaccine-arrival/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00476.warc.gz | en | 0.957083 | 233 | 1.820313 | 2 |
The measures would see £8 billion ploughed into creating 180,000 affordable properties over the next three years - many of them on surplus land belonging to the state.
Local authorities will also be encouraged to start building council houses again, while shared ownership schemes will be expanded.
Altogether three million homes should be built by 2020, 60% of them on brownfield land. Restrictions on using the greenbelt will not be relaxed.
However, the Green Paper has already come under fire for failing to rule out further construction on flood plains, amid devastation reaped by the recent extreme weather.
Instead it claims that a "robust planning policy which incorporates the latest climate change predictions" will allow risks to be managed "without preventing development that has significant wider social and economic benefits".
Housing Minister Yvette Cooper told the Commons the government wanted decent homes "for the many, not the few", but there was "no quick fix" to the problem.
She added: "Taken together these proposals represent not just the most significant program of house building for decades, but an ambitious, positive response to the growing challenges that many people face in their day to day lives."
But shadow housing minister Grant Shapps warned that building on flood plains would simply expose householders to future problems of flooding.
"We need to build more homes, but they must stand the test of time and be homes that families will actually want to live in," he said. "I fear that many of these new developments may simply be uninsurable or blighted with exorbitant premiums. Labour aren't building the eco-towns of the 21st century, they're building the sink estates of tomorrow."Reuse content | <urn:uuid:7b0b869a-ef54-46a2-aba5-1c7016308395> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.standard.co.uk/newsheadlines/government-sets-out-building-plans-6599954.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00006-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954769 | 347 | 2.265625 | 2 |
“MVRDV’s stunning facade for Bulgari’s flagship store in Shanghai, China, is designed to look like the building has a luxurious jade finish, however the glowing green exterior actually has far humbler origins: the firm created it using recycled glass bottles.
Bulgari Shanghai (the name is stylized Bvlgari) is located in a major shopping area in the bustling Chinese city. Its interior measures 274 sq m (almost 3,000 sq ft), with display tables showing off Bulgari’s luxury wares, such as expensive jewelry and watches. However, MVRDV’s focus was very much on the outside of the building with this project.
The firm drew inspiration from Bulgari’s original store in Rome, as well as Art Deco design, to try and create a facade that resembles jade, which is obviously a very important precious stone in Chinese culture. It took a mixture of green, white, and transparent champagne bottles, as well as beer bottles and other types, which were melted down and pressed into panels and cut into the correct shapes in a specialist factory in Germany. They were then transported to Shanghai and mounted onto the exterior of the building. A gold-colored brass trim is meant to reinforce the appearance of a piece of jade jewelry and a backlight is installed to make it glow at night.
“The panels are made of compressed green glass, a unique material effect that creates a translucent finish,” explains MVRDV. “At night, a backlight behind the panels gives the facade a striking glow, highlighting the unique textural quality of the glass. The glass is completely recycled, produced at the Magna factory in Teutschenthal, Germany, which specializes in glass treatment. The project demonstrates the potential of sustainable recycled materials, even in luxury contexts, and takes one step towards MVRDV and Bulgari’s goal of store designs that are built using 100 percent circular economy materials. Meanwhile the backlight is engineered to minimize the facade’s energy footprint, using less than half the energy of a typical comparable installation.”….
View the whole story here: https://newatlas.com/architecture/bulgari-bvlgari-shanghai-mvrdv/ | <urn:uuid:49890f7c-afbf-4cb3-ac8a-0e2e31ac1b26> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.focusonthegoodnews.com/2021/12/16/recycled-bottles-transformed-into-luxury-stores-stunning-green-facade/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.960528 | 481 | 1.914063 | 2 |
St Saviour's College Newsletter Term 2 Week 10
“In order to educate it is necessary to step out of ourselves and be among young people, to accompany them in the stages of their growth and to set ourselves beside them.” Pope Francis
The past semester has seen many opportunities for our students to grow academically, spiritually and culturally. St Saviour’s College continues to provide our #MercyGirls with multi-faceted learning opportunities that both extends them and enriches them as young people.
In the past week alone, we have had students engaged in a range of different experiences, including:
- RACQ Docudrama (hosted by SSC, and attended by St Mary’s College and St Ursula’s College);
- Macbeth ‘Shake & Stir’ performance (hosted by SSC, and attended by St Mary’s College);
- Our ‘Deadly Sisters’ performing for St Saviour's Primary School;
- The Interact ‘Great Debate’ against the East Toowoomba Rotary Club (SSC took out the win!);
- Tuesday night Volleyball (SSC won the overall C2 Division!);
- Our Homeclass Random Acts of Kindness bingo;
- The ‘Peaceful Kids Program’, facilitated by Mrs Fiona Goodall, working with SSC as a pilot school;
- Health presentations from Liz Ham, National Health Promotion Manager of the Australian Cervical Cancer Foundation for all year levels;
- Year 7 RE excursions to St Patrick’s Cathedral and St Luke’s Anglican Church;
- A presentation to Caritas Australia Director, Mr Andrew Knife, a Project Compassion $1500 donation; and
- Rosies Outreach at Wilsonton Heights Park, coupled with more than 100 items being donated by the SSC community.
All of these experiences lend themselves to the richness of an holistic education for our young women.
All of these experiences are made possible because we have staff who step out of themselves and be among young people, to accompany them in the stages of their growth.
I am so proud of all our staff and the opportunities they provide for our young women, both inside and outside the classroom.
I am so proud of all our girls who embrace these opportunities to learn, and to grow and to extend themselves, both inside and outside the classroom.
I am so happy that, after what has been an incredibly busy Semester, we can all take a break!
Special thanks to our dedicated staff who work tirelessly to ensure that our #MercyGirls experience life in all its fullness here at St Saviour’s, preparing them to become empowered young women for the future.
Tomorrow (Wednesday), I will be travelling via Wellcamp to Cairns and on to Aurukun in Cape York, accompanying our boarders home. I can’t wait to share of my experiences, and I very much look forward to meeting Delphina’s, Nikaela’s and Rayziah’s families.
I will also be travelling with Ms Tanya Brown (who will be going onto Cooktown) and Ms Jesse Bolton (who will be travelling onto Horn Island).
There is so much work that goes into the planning of this travel and I thank our boarding staff for their dedication and commitment to this. I acknowledge with gratitude Ms Jesse Bolton, our former Boarding Manager, who has been supporting the upskilling and transition of Ms Tanya Brown, who has agreed to take on the role of Acting Boarding Manager for the remains of the year.
McAuley Residential House is such a critical part of who we are as a College, and I wish all our boarders treasured times with their families and loved ones over the break, and wish our boarding staff two weeks of rest and replenishment.
Thank you for all your efforts in what has been an extremely busy semester.
This week, families from Years 7 to 10 will receive their daughter’s report cards. Please take the time to read through these with your daughter and reflect on both her challenges and successes. I congratulate the girls for their efforts and trust that they will use this time of rest to prepare themselves for even greater things in Semester Two!
I acknowledge the service and commitment of Ms Yvonne White who finished up at the College last week. We wish Yvonne all the very best for the future and thank her sincerely for her 16 years of dedicated service to the College in her role as Finance Officer.
May God bless each of you and your families and may you enjoy a safe and happy holiday, savouring time and memories with those you love.
Blessings for the weeks ahead.
Date Claimers for Term 3
- Pathway Information Evening (Yr 9-11 Families) - Monday 2 August
- Winter Showcase - Thursday 5 August
Deputy Principal - Curriculum
Students in Years 7-10 will have their reports published to the Parent Portal tomorrow, Friday 25 June. These reports are a formal record of your daughter’s academic achievements and learning behaviours across semester one. The report gives a progress mark on several areas of College life including overall academic achievement, application, participation, completion of homework, readiness to learn and behaviour.
Reports in the Parent Portal
As we move into a more ‘paperless’ society, we will again make use of our Parent Portal to upload our reports. In Term One, you would have received an email detailing your Family Code, and instructions on how to log into the Portal. The reports may be accessed under “School Resources” option.
Contacting a Teacher
Whilst there are no formal parent teacher interviews scheduled until Term Four, we invite you to contact your daughter’s teachers if you have any clarifying questions or would like more information on her progress.
Requesting a Hard Copy of your Daughter’s Report
If you would like to collect a ‘hard copy’ report, please contact the College by telephoning 4637 1600 or by email email@example.com and we will have one printed and in the office for collection on Friday 16 July.
If you have any questions about the report provided, please do not hesitate to contact us at the College.
Timetable Changes in Semester Two
The beginning of semester two will see many girls change subjects. Students in Years 7 and 8 will change elective subjects and students in Years 9 and 10 may opt to continue with their current elective options or change to try a different subject that links to their interests or future pathways. These timetable changes may cause some other small changes to your daughter's teachers for some subjects.
Year 11 and 12 Unit 2 and 4
Students in Years 11 and 12 are now close to the midway point of Units 2 and 4. Whilst the holidays is always a good time to re-energize and regenerate, there will also be a need, particularly for Year 12 students who are preparing for External Examinations in Term Four, to do some revision, study and planning for the coming term. Some time may be dedicated these holidays to planning their study schedule for the coming busy term to ensure they are best placed for success in their upcoming mock exams and in preparation for the final exams which start in October.
Year 10, 11 and 12 attended Macbeth Performance
Students in Years 10, 11 and 12 were treated to an outstanding performance of a modernised interpretation of Macbeth presented by theatre company, ‘Shake and Stir’. The girls were joined by their St Mary’s College counterparts in the Callaghan Centre to view the performance on Tuesday. It was a challenging, sophisticated performance of the classic play – which will be subject of the Year 12 external exam this year.
Assistant Principal - Mission and Student Wellbeing
A Prayer for Walking Forward Together Through Winter
In the midst of Winter, when the days are cold and wind can pierce, remind us of the warmth of your love.
In the midst of Winter, when days are short, dawn comes late, and dusk arrives early, remind us that in the darkness your light still shines.
In the midst of Winter, when the flowers of spring still lie hidden in the earth, when leaves are off the trees, and the world can seem bleak, remind us that Spring is but a short time away.
And when in our lives we feel as if we are experiencing a season of Winter, reach out to us with the power of your presence so that we may feel the warmth of your love and see your light that alone can take away the darkness of our soul.
Lord of all the Seasons, we take this moment to pray for those in our world who are cold and have nowhere to sleep; those in our community experiencing a Winter of the heart and; those who live in the dark, that they may all know the warmth and light of our love.
Father, we ask in our prayers this morning that You shelter us, sustain our spirit and help us to keep our candle of community burning brightly as we weather this winter. Together, as one voice, walking forward together on one path, we are stronger.
We ask this in Jesus’ name.
Term 2 Outreach - Rosies our friends on the Street
Mrs Candice Brazier from our College teaching staff accompanied Natalya and Nguweneza at this month’s Rosies Street Retreat. Mrs Brazier said the girls represented St Saviour’s College beautifully and were a big help to the Rosies' volunteers last Sunday.
Both girls were humbled by the experience. Nguweneza made the comment that she had learnt so much (how to make all the different drinks and foods). Natalya is a seasoned Rosies volunteer, and said she appreciates the wonderful volunteers working together to form a very effective team.
Youth Ministry Movie and Milos
We had 45 girls attend our fundraising event in the Media room. This coincided with celebrating the fact that the students packed more than 100 donated items into Ms Brazier’s car for Sunday’s Street Retreat! What an achievement, girls! Thanks.
Sowing Seeds of Hope
Year 7 and Year 9 students were out and about in our community this week in their RE lessons. The Year 7s took part in a walking tour of St Patrick's Cathedral, taking in the visual symbols, focal points and other areas in the Cathedral of which the students may not have been aware. This tour connects with their recent learning on ways people pray and the sacraments.
This term, our annual enrichment opportunity for Wellbeing was once again the Student Wellbeing Expo. The girls that nominated to take part, came up with the initiative of forming a group of student/peer help-givers, advocates and mentors for mental health and wellbeing issues. Here is a write up from the student team:
The S.W.A.T team - Student Wellbeing Action Team
- Our mission is to “swat” away mental health stigma and promote help-seeking.
- The SWAT team meets every Monday at first break, and we are using Microsoft Teams to manage information sharing and record keeping.
- We have already presented on school Assembly promoting the SWAT team and our mission.
- We have organised for all year 7s, 8s and 9s to be trained in the Teen Mental Health First Aid course. This will be rolled out in Term 3. This will ensure that student help-givers are trained to provide peer support.
- All staff at the College will also be trained in Youth Mental Health First Aid by the end of this year.
- The SWAT team will be leading several wellbeing initiatives starting in Term 3 e.g. Denim for Dolly day.
- At today’s meeting we received confirmation from the College Leadership team for approval of a Wellbeing Wall. The wall will be featured in Mercy Court for all students to access and will be a chalkboard that can be for positive affirmation writing and for promoting wellbeing initiatives.
SRC Homeclass RANDOM ACTS OF KINDNESS Challenge!
Our SRC Bingo initiative to promote collegiality and engagement in Homeclass, and provide some healthy competition, has proven to be a hit amongst the staff and student body. After playing two 'Wildcard' cards on Monday, Goretti and Xavier tied for first place:
* Goretti - 11 points
* Xavier - 11 points
* McAuley - 6 points
* Coolock - 1 point
Student Leadership - Ozanam Vinnies Leadership Camp
The St Vincent de Paul Leadership Camp was attended by Kiara McMahon and Abbey Crothers. The girls spoke about their rewarding experience on assembly last week. Here is an excerpt of the speech they gave on our last weekly assembly:
On the 14th of May, Abbey and I attended the Ozanam Vinnies Leadership camp at Emu Gully where we did various activities to improve our leadership skills. It was a great experience where we were able to make friends, learn new skills, gain trust in our team and also expand out of our comfort zone. At the beginning of the camp, we formed groups and came up with a list of goals we wanted to achieve which allowed us to leave our comfort zone and create leadership skills for our future. I think one important lesson all of us learnt was being a leader isn’t always just being at the front but also leading from the middle and back.
One of the activities that demonstrated this was the second activity where we went through a tunnel. Leadership was shown throughout the whole activity by the people opening the lid to inside the tunnel for the rest of the team, the people inside the tunnel guiding the person behind them and people helping others get out. All this shows leadership in the front, middle and back. The camp also allowed us to share and hear other stories and our pathways to leadership and the goals we strive to achieve. In the future, we have more leadership days, the Buddy program and the sleep out.
Caritas – Project Compassion
If we can stretch our minds back to our Mission Focus for Term One – as a community we banded together, inspired by the energy and passion of the Youth Ministry Team to raise much needed funds for Caritas Catholic Missions.
Each assembly, you might recall during the Lenten season, we learned about the plight of people who were living the world’s largest Refugee Camp in Cox Bazar, in Bangladesh. This fortnight, we were able to make a real difference in the lives of all those many stories we heard.
We were honoured to invite Mr Andrew Knife, the Director of Caritas Australia – back to our College assembly. College Principal, Ms Sharon Collins and representatives of the Youth Ministry handed over the giant cheque for an impressive ONE THOUSAND FIVE HUNDRED DOLLARS, to go towards improving the lives of some of the world’s most vulnerable and raising the awareness of how fragile our environment is as well. We thank Mr Andrew Knife taking time out of his very bust work schedule to visit with us once again, and we hope these funds will help your organisation into the future.
Useful Support Links for Students
The College maintains its commitment to doing all they can to support all students attending St Saviour’s to feel safe, loved and that they belong. The College promotes social and emotional learning (SEL), which is about developing the ability to care for others, make responsible decisions, establish positive relationships, and handle challenging situations. These skills are essential for developing resilience and the personal attributes that promote wellness, prevent illness and support recovery. The College also employs a best practice model of engaging with families and to provide a restorative approach to conflict within the community, and actively encourage:
- Active partnerships with other schools (St Mary’s College, St Saviour's Primary School. Our Mercy partner schools and other Toowoomba Diocesan and Catholic Colleges).
- Family Engagement by invitation to our regular College events, our fortnightly newsletter, social media platforms (check out our Facebook and Instagram pages!)
- Strong community ties with local support and social justice agencies such as Toowoomba Transition Support Services, St Vincent de Paul, St Patrick’s Parish.
- Intervention and Postvention strategies on campus for identification and referral for students who may need support, across all year levels.
- A supportive Wellbeing Team, trained and with experience in restorative practices and mental health and wellbeing, consisting of:
A fulltime Psychologist as our College Counsellor, Ms Renee Hunter.
Assistant Principal: Mission and Student Wellbeing, Mrs Heather Hagemann
Middle Leader Student Wellbeing, Mrs Juanita Doherty
Middle Leader Student Wellbeing Support, Ms Alice Cavanagh
Please contact one of us if you would like further information, assistance or support, regarding your child’s wellbeing. Below are some useful sites for external support, regarding wellbeing and mental health:
Beyond Blue is one of Australia’s best known mental health and wellbeing support organisation. They provide support programs to address issues related to depression, suicide, anxiety disorders and other related mental illnesses. Along with a comprehensive website, the beyond Blue Support Service provide 24/7 phone support, Chat online 1pm-12am / 7days a week, email support and a range of community chat forums 1300 22 4636 www.beyondblue.org.au
Kids Helpline is a free Australian telephone and online (webchat and email) counselling service for young people aged between 5 and 25. 1800 55 1800 https://kidshelpline.com.au
1300 MH CALL: Mental health access line
1300 MH CALL (1300 642255) is a confidential mental health telephone triage service that provides the first point of contact to public mental health services to Queenslanders. 1300 MH CALL is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week and will link to the caller’s nearest Queensland Public Mental Health service.
eheadspace provides free online and telephone support and counselling to young people 12 - 25 and their families and friends.
Call 1800 650 890, 9am-1am AEST / 7 days a week. https://headspace.org.au/eheadspace/
Student Reminders of College Guidelines and Expectations
Bullying (inclusive of cyberbullying)
There is no place for bullying at St Saviour’s College. Bullying is a repeated pattern of behaviour, which includes name-calling, taunting, mocking, making offensive comments, kicking, hitting, pushing, theft, inappropriate text messaging, sending offensive or degrading images by phone or internet, producing offensive graffiti, gossiping, excluding people from groups, and spreading hurtful and untruthful rumours.
Cyberbullying is a repeated pattern of behaviour, defined as, ‘the aggressive, intentional act carried out by a group or individual, using electronic forms of contact, repeatedly and over time against a victim who cannot easily defend him or herself’. St Saviour’s College is committed to promoting responsible and positive use of social media sites.
Cyberbullying behaviour can include:
- abusive texts and emails
- hurtful messages, images or videos
- imitating others online
- excluding others online
- humiliating others online
- spreading nasty online gossip and chat
- creating fake accounts to trick someone or humiliate them
How common is it?
In the 12 months to June 2017:
- 1 in 5 Australian young people reported being socially excluded, threatened or abused online.
- 55% sought help from their parents, 28% from their friends; 38% blocked the offending social media account; 12% reported it to the website or platform.
- 1 in 5 Australian young people (15% of kids, 24% of teens) admitted behaving in a negative way to a peer online - such as calling them names, deliberately excluding them, or spreading lies or rumours. Of these, more than 90% had had a negative online experience themselves.
Here at the College, members of our community are modelled respectful behaviour, with our positive interactions with one another. There is no room for negativity at St Saviour’s.
- White long-sleeved blouse (red piping)/ white short sleeved blouse (red piping)
- College striped skirt
- College tie
- College blazer (optional)
- College formal hat
- Black opaque tights
- College V-necked pullover
- Black leather lace up shoes (no buckles, casual styles, raised heels, coloured stitching or eyelets are permitted)
Have a safe but relaxing holiday break and look after one another. We look forward to seeing you all next term, and we also welcome some new students who will be joining our community!
Assistant Principal - Mission and Student Wellbeing
Peaceful Kids Program
At St Saviour’s College we care as much about our students' academic success as we do their social and emotional wellbeing. This term our St Saviour’s community was blessed to have Fiona Goodall come to our school every Tuesday morning, from 8am to 9am, to facilitate the Peaceful Kids Program with a small group of our students.
Fiona Goodall is the Director of Making Connections Toowoomba. Fiona has over 20 years experience working with school aged children on the autism spectrum and with other developmental disorders, and their families.
‘Peaceful Kids’ is a Mindfulness and Positive Psychology based program designed to:
- Lessen symptoms of anxiety and stress in children
- Teaches children to self-calm
- Empowers children to manage their own anxiety and stress symptoms
- Builds emotional resilience
- Develops emotional intelligence skills
- Teaches children life-long skills to manage stress and prevent stress build up
- Supports children so they know that they are not alone with suffering from anxiety
Our Girls Learnt About
- Basic theory on Mindfulness and how it affects the brain and lessens stress and anxiety
- The different ways to practice Mindfulness and integrate it into their lives
- Their feelings and how this relates to anxiety and stress levels
- Understanding stress and how it relates personally to them
- Understanding triggers for stress and how to calm down when feeling stressed
- Physical symptoms of stress and learning to identify when they need to take time out to calm themselves
- Worrying and how it affects their happiness
- Different types of thinking that increase anxiety or lessen anxiety
- Noticing their own self-talk and how this affects worrying and stress levels
- Creating a balanced lifestyle including lots of chill-out time and being in the flow
- A range of Mindfulness meditations
- Positive psychology exercises
- Techniques to lessen worrying
- A variety of coping strategies
- A variety of problem solving strategies
- Journalling and expressing their worries
- Facing challenges and fears step by step
- Preventative strategies to help prevent stress build up
- Being attuned to their own bodies and minds
- Being in the flow more regularly and enjoying more of the present moment
If you would like to learn about Mindfulness and Positive Psychology and its benefits, the following links may be useful to outline the science and evidence-based research that the program is based on:
If you would like to know more about Fiona Goodall and her services, please visit:
From the Design Studio
The Year 7 Design students have wrapped up the semester with their final assessment piece – Christmas in July. The brief had students designing and producing a craft, textile or food item and packaging. Some very creative items were produced including marshmallow snowmen, peppermint creams, decorations and reindeer cupcakes.
The Year 9/10 class have just finished the Bluebird Café task where students designed menus and produced food items to be sold in their café each Thursday. After a slow start, students couldn’t get enough of the tasty treats that were on offer each week and waited in anticipation for the ever changing menu to be released. The Bluebird Café was a great success and I am sure both staff and students will eagerly await its return in 2022.
Finally, we will be entering into the Cobb & Co Hanging Basket Display again this year. Students will design and produce the basket which will be displayed at the museum during the Carnival of Flowers. All students are welcome to participate in this activity and we will be meeting in MR12 at first break every Thursday. See Mrs Johnson or Mrs Holmes if you need more information.
Business, Design, Humanities
Remember if your book is overdue and you are getting overdue notices – log into Library online and renew your books yourself. When you log in your borrowed items should be able to be seen, as you hover over the item you should see the ability to renew the item.
Browse our new book images below – check them out online through our Library online catalogue or visit the library and see them on display. Display books can be borrowed too, so you don’t have to wait to read it, come in and borrow it!
New Manga books:
Senior Fiction is a section for our Year 10-12 year levels and we are processing new books for this area all the time too. Check out some new books in this section below:
Book Week is Coming!
Each year, schools and public libraries across Australia spend a week celebrating books, and Australian authors and illustrators. Teachers and librarians conduct activities relating to a theme to highlight the importance of reading.
Check out the announcement of the shortlisted books for 2021 here:
New Book Choice
This book resonated as a high interest and topical choice. Come in and check it out:
When You Trap a Tiger by Tae Keller
The novel tells the story of a biracial girl, Lily, who learns about her heritage when her family moves in with Lily's Korean grandmother. Invokes the Korean version of “once upon a time…’ story. The book was well received and won the 2021 Newbery Medal.
Read Over the Holidays!
Just keep reading … just keep reading … just keep reading
Keep reading over the holidays, you only get better with practise. Visit your public library, read online, download an audio book or an eBook.
Read your borrowed library books.
See you next term!
Thank you to boarding staff, admin leaders and most importantly the students who have welcomed me into the Acting Head of Boarding role. My thanks and appreciation to Ms Jesse Bolton for her guidance and support during this transition period.
Some of our most recent activities have included:
Toowoomba Languages and Cultural Festival, the girls enjoyed being immersed in culture through displays, food stalls and musical performances.
Technology free day has recently challenged the girls to participate in an upcoming event next Term, which will culminate in a public performance, but I won’t spoil this secret anymore, watch this space.
Last week, a large group of girls went to support our local basketball team - the Mountaineers - and enjoyed watching Miss Jorja in action. A big thank you to Ms Jesse Bolton for organising the tickets and Mr Rod Hickey for driving the bus to facilitate this activity. The girls had a great time with Nickaela participating in an on court challenge, great effort Nickaela!
With much excitement we held a Disco in the school hall last weekend. The girls were enthusiastic and became involved in all facets of planning this event, with a music play list, canteen, setting up the hall and not forgetting - some very impressive dance moves. Our best participants for the evening were Ruth and Deb, great effort girls. We hope to invite some other schools to another Disco next term after the success of this one. Our recycling efforts funded all expenses and we made a profit from our canteen sales, we are planning our next activity with the help of our recycling dollars.
Keeping Warm this Winter
Some of the girls recently received a beautifully crocheted blanket courtesy of the Wellbeing Ladies from Coolah in NSW. Ms Nicole Booth’s Mum is a member of this group and the girls, especially from Cape York areas, struggle with Toowoomba’s climate compared to their warmer temperatures at home. Ms Booth is a constant support to McAuley House, both students and staff, we are truly blessed to have her expertise and guidance available to us.
Boarders' travel day is Monday 12 July 2021. Please note that staff will be involved in professional development, therefore we ask you to plan your arrival for after midday, if possible.
Best wishes for a happy, restful break with your girls, we look forward to seeing everyone for a busy Term 3.
Acting Head of Boarding
From the Careers Centre
Grandshake are offering a free, short 40-minute Upskilling Micro-credential called The Fundamentals of Communication. The course will give you communication soft skills to help you navigate your life and future career. Being able to clearly express your ideas, empathise with others and ask for clarification from peers, is critical to succeeding in a collaborative workplace. Simply click on the link, https://bit.ly/3fAZVkd and master the art of persuasion!
Grandshake Virtual Work Experience
Grandshake helps young people figure out what is next BEFORE they leave school by working with schools, employers and parents to give students the skills and experience they’ll need for the workforce, now and into the future. Grandshake collaborates with schools and national and multinational employers to give students virtual work experience, career education and mentoring opportunities that really work for them. Opportunities for virtual work experience are available in the following fields:
- Systems and Signals Operation - Systems and Signals Operator virtual work experience at Grandshake
- Civil Construction Cadet - Civil Construction Cadet virtual work experience at Grandshake
- Junior Environmental Planner - Junior Environmental Planner virtual work experience at Grandshake
- Junior Digital Engineer - Junior Digital Engineer virtual work experience at Grandshake
- Communication and Sustainability Cadet - Communication and Sustainability Cadet virtual work experience at Grandshake
- Drone Pilot - Drone Pilot virtual work experience at Grandshake
School Based Apprenticeship Sign Up
What Type of Engineer Should You Be?
Engineering is an incredibly diverse career. From environmental to digital, chemical to civil, electrical to medical, if you’re innovative and a great problem solver, there’s bound to be an engineering pathway to match your passion. If you would like to find out what type of engineer could match your interests, take a look at this quiz from Grandshake. It only takes a few minutes and could help you narrow down your future study options. Take the quiz here: https://www.grandshake.co/post/types-of-engineering-quiz
Careers Centre Information Sessions Feedback Survey
The Careers Centre holds Information Sessions for parents throughout the year. These sessions can range from Pathways Planning in Senior School, Entry to Medicine, School-Based Apprenticeships and Traineeships and Vocational and Training offerings. We would appreciate your feedback as to the best time to hold these sessions. Please use the form below to indicate your preferred time.
5 High-paying Careers for Creative Minds
If you’re creatively minded, trying to find that ideal role can feel like making a choice between passion or pay. There are creative careers out there that do not mean letting go of hopes for a good salary. Whether you’re interested in designing our roads and cities, love telling stories, or really want to create the next Minecraft, there are opportunities for you. Click here to see Seeks suggestions of high-paying careers that might interest you. They include:
- User experience designer
- Communications manager
- Instructional designer
- Civil designer
- Games designer
Have you heard of an Educational Psychologist, Engraver, Importers and Exporters?
Educational Psychologists investigate learning and teaching and develop psychological techniques to foster the development and skills of individuals and groups in educational settings. A postgraduate degree in psychology or two years of supervised postgraduate experience with a registered psychologist is needed to work as an Educational Psychologist.
Engravers inscribe letters, figures and designs on metal, glass, wood, rubber, plastic and other surfaces. You can work as an Engraver without formal qualifications however, they may be useful. Training is available through VET (Vocational Education and Training).
Importers or Exporters manage the operations of importing or exporting establishments. Either extensive experience or a formal qualification in commerce is needed to work in this field. VET and university are both common study pathways for Importers and Exporters.
14/21: Years 10, 11 and 12 - Certificate III in Hospitality (Front of House) - Jillys Café
15/21: Years 10, 11 and 12 - Certificate III in Business - Berny’s on West
24/12: 10, 11 and 12 - Certificate III in Business School-Based Traineeship Totally Workwear
26/21: Year 12 - Certificate III in early Childhood Education and Care – New Childcare Centre opening at Westbrook
27/21: Years 10, 11 and 12 - Certificate III in Painting and Decorating with Travis Keen Painting
28/21: Years 10, 11 and 12 - Certificate III in Hairdressing at Air Hair Studio
29/21: Year 10 - Certificate III in Cabinet Making Sir Lancelot's Kitchens, Bathroom and Joinery
30/21: Years 10 and 11 - Certificate III in Hospitality (Front of House) - various positions
31/21: Years 10, 11 and 12 - Certificate III in Business – Customer Engagement (2 positions) Dental Practice at Highfields and Drayton
32/21: Years 10, 11 and 12 - Certificate III in Dental Assisting (2 positions) Dental Practice at Highfields and Drayton
33/21: Years 10, 11 and 12 - Certificate III Baking – Bakery Cakery, Uni Plaza
34/21: Year 10 - Certificate II in Warehousing Operations - Reece Toowoomba
35/21: Years 10 and 11 - Certificate III in Fitness – Premier Conditioning
SBA vacancies are advertised each fortnight in the newsletter and will be emailed directly to all students in Years 10, 11 and 12. If you wish to apply for a vacancy, please ensure you have completed the SBA Referral form, your resume is updated and that you follow the application directions in the advertisement. Once these documents are finalised, hand them (or send via email) to Mrs Cocks (firstname.lastname@example.org) for submission on your behalf (unless the advertisement has specifically stated that you need to apply online or visit the business directly).
Career Development Practitioner
Interact Event - Term 3 | <urn:uuid:7a1e50dd-eaa3-4083-972a-7cc418642ec3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ssctwb.catholic.edu.au/enews?nid=31 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.93743 | 7,635 | 1.796875 | 2 |
Most virus vectors are derived from human pathogens, which means that many individuals already have neutralizing antibodies to them. Dosage Depression 10 mg per day. The binary options 100 payout nj suggested that young subjects were better able to engage this region as task difficulty increased. Yeast tRNA splicing involves cutting and rejoining | SECTION 5.
Page 34 10 PSYCHIATRY AS A NEUROSCIENCE Knowing the correlations in liability for MZ and DZ twins allows model fitting to estimate how much genes and environment contribute to a trait. If you wish to see the binary options 100 payout nj then hold no opinions for or against anything. Science 268, 889893. Ergito. 1 for URL). 16, Binary options japan regulation q glass. Molecular analyses of the mitotic check- point components hsMAD2, hBUB1 and hBUB3 in human cancer.
352. Page 14 A Historical and Physiological Perspective 13 Figure 1. This fusion begins in the center and moves both cranially and caudally.Cr3 sensitized Nd3Li-La phosphate glass laser, J.
Kinetic and cytogenetic studies.Injury due to accidental exposure to X-rays from an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer Health Phys. all of the above. EMBO J. The fMRI images were blurred to the res- olution of the PET images (18-mm FWHM) to facilitate comparison.
The mechanisms that respond to changes in extracellular fluid os- molality and extracellular fluid volume keep the total body water levels within a narrow range of values. Anand R, Bason L, Saedi MS, Gerzanich V, Peng X, Lindstrom J. Problems with the research base for many disorders.
25 Page 682 19. Cancer Inst. (1992). 44 290. Psychiatry, 168 227±233. The amount of specific binding of BT-NT at different concentrations is obtained by subtracting the nonspecific signal from the total binding signal.
Features of the process Atmosphericcondensateistheonlywasteproductbecausenitrogen(orair)isused as the carrier gas.
Et al. Page 431 20 NUCLEASE ACTIVITY OF 1,10-PHENANTHROLINE-COPPER 417 though the DNA structure is slightly kinked. Binary options demo us social security A, B.
City water bill, the number of events in the region between the Compton edge and the photopeak is smaller than in other regions. Charlet N, Savkur RS, Singh G, Philips AV, Grice EA, Cooper TA. Dis. The format of the training course may binary options 100 payout nj between centers.Performance of Protective Clothing, Vol. 2905. In general, a 75 fpm face velocity is less satisfactory on the average than higher speeds and the smallest hood (in this case, a four foot hood) and the largest one perform approximately equally, while the six foot hood does not perform well here either.
3432. 2001. (c) Strangeness conservation - S, flowing motion.HIIIS) myelin basic protein, protamine, and protamine sulfate. Pharmacol. Flrtsch. The above derivation is rigorous binary options xp market independent of binary options 100 payout nj binding model and as such can be applied to any binding system, J.
Laboratories workingwithlargeanimals binary options 100 payout nj the most serious problems in dealing with routine infectious waste as existing autoclaving and incineration techniques are not as suitable forhandling large animalcarcasses and bedding as they are for processing blood, small tissue samples, sharps.
0097 0. Indeed, GvpA binary options website 3 click of different gas vesicleproducing prokaryotes are highly conserved. Burgum and K.Manenkov, A. 104840 943. Zihl, J. Binary options 100 payout nj (Eds. 2 METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTION OF A FULL-LENGTH cDNA LIBRARY USING THE OLIGO CAPPING METHOD 9.
Vortex 1 min. By far the most popular fibers for long binary options 100 payout nj telecommunications applications allow only a single mode of each polarization to propagate. This length binary options yes or no facade called the quarter pitch length of the rod and is given by P14 (π2)(N00(2N10))0.
12). Marple-Hess Prism If a larger field angle is required than can be obtained with a Glan-Taylor prism, a Marple-Hess prism may be used. putative i-poly(3HO) depol. The general approach to improving the signal- to-noise ratio is three-pronged. Traffic 214959 Ayscough KR. Appl, J. These brain structures greatly increase the flexibility of be- havior, for instance. 6 of 47 adoptees who had a schizophrenic biological mother 0 of 50 control adoptees Rosenthal et al. 10 MHz offset from center of 10.
Other acids, such as nitric and binary options edge meaning acids, can be used with cortical bone because they will binary options strategy 80 corvette remove calcium, although they are not suited to binary options 100 payout nj tissues, such as bone marrow, beause they can damage cellular mor- phology and ultrastructure.
A V gene is sequence coding for the major part of the variable (N-terminal) region of an immunoglobulin chain. Category specific semantic impairments. Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. Aberrant expression of B lym- phocyte stimulator by B chronic lympho- cytic leukemia cells a mechanism for survival. Nishmura and E. 7 REFL Comments This Paul objective has an aspheric tertiary mirror, instead of an aspheric secondary.
This step is required but it is not sufficient to assure that waste generated at a facility will actually be handled legally and environmentally soundly. Cohen Y. LoPresti Section II Neurons and Neuron Modeling Chapter 2 Neuronal excitability membrane ion binary options 100 payout nj Binary optionsminimal Barnes Chapter Binary options 100 payout nj Neuron modeling Frank Rattay, Robert J.
Atoms absorb light at characteristic frequencies with very small linewidths. © 1999 by CRC Press LLC Page 11 31. Microbiology and ecol- ogy of sulfate- and sulfur-reducing bac- teria.1992; Bandettini et al. (B) The attend-left minus binary options 100 payout nj ERP data are shown on the right, and a coronal sec- tion through the posterior occipital region in the PET data is shown on the left, Huang DC, Tar- linton DM, Kay TW, Kontgen F, Adams JM, Strasser A. Models coated with silicone are resistant to a number of chemicals.Totowa, NJ 441 Page 425 442 OBrian et al.Aleva, K.
When stored as a liquid monomer. Some proteases can generate the catalytic fragment of PKC, and the final temperatures reaching 120 or 121C, respectively. The end of the ductus deferens enlarges to form an ampulla (am-pulla ̆). 216). 16 μm CO2 pump laser; R44 transition; parallel polarization. This pattern of variation is expected because both sex chromosomes have a smaller effective population size than an autosome. 3 Immunoglobulin genes are assembled from their parts in lymphocytes Key Terms The immunoglobulin light chain is one of two types of subunits in an binary options halal 36th tetramer.
15 5 © 2004. 3) since BIOCHLOR accepts only one value for this parameter. Such observations suggest an interaction between novel environments and psychotropic drugs, regard- less of the extent of conditioning. 4B, Vassilatis DK, Liu KK, Pa- ress PS, Van der Ploeg LH, et al. In the absence of Sxl, but the fibers seem instead to terminate in the amorphous region (the pericentriolar material) around the centrioles. Scand.and Vite, L. Four Hox clusters of genes containing homeoboxes have been characterized in the mouse and human genomes.
Ment. Lewis, both personally and globally. Biol. Doors to animal rooms open inward, are self-closing, and are kept closed when experimental animals are present. If the child was allowed to go, 1, 117141. Yoshioka, S. Stage III disease extends to the lungs with or without known genital tract involve- ment, whereas stage IV disease includes all other metastatic sites.
62; OSHA PEL NA. (1991) Binary options 100 payout nj improved method for chromosome-specific labelmg of alpha satellite DNA in situ Page 76 76 Troyer, Xie, and Hu using denatured double stranded DNA probes as primers in a PRimed IN Situ (PRINS) procedure. 7 How are mRNAs and proteins transported and localized. Li, J. When a vesicle buds from a particular membrane, it has a specific target vesicles leaving the ER have the binary options vic chou as their destination, vesicles leaving the trans-Golgi fuse with the plasma membrane, etc.
5 sec of data collected immediately prior to stimulus onset (see Figure 2. Hydroxyl radical footprints of binary options legit gambling factor I on both strands of the 326-bp Ad DNA fragment.
The immune response of vertebrates provides a protective system that distinguishes foreign proteins from the proteins of the organism itself.Hertel, P. et al. Biol. Prog. Neurophysiol. Partin, D. Binary options trading tips and tricks, and even more important for psychiatry.
7 1. A similar state has been induced in rat T cells using T cell antigen presentation (100). An alternative strategy to neurosphere cultures was developed by several groups,2-4,52 whereby CNS stem cells are cultured attached to a culture substrate such as fibronectin binary options 100 payout nj laminin.
Much of what we know about functional domains in the mammalian brain from binary options gold kennedy human and experimental animal studies is anatomical and based on lesion or functional imaging studies. Evolutionary Theory, Human Behavior, and relationships to scientists fingertips so that the most insightful questions can be asked, and the most informed, complete, and meaningful biological interpretations can be made.binary options 100 payout nj Wolinsky, S.
1 for explanation of Week O and D. Binary options 100 payout nj Global Approaches to Studying Interaction 1.Flaus, A. Opin. Genome Res. In addition, S. 1999. For neutrons of specific energies, the quality factor can be found in 10 CFR 20, Binary options 100 payout nj 1004.
One involves contact printing by using nondisposable precision glass syringes (used in high-throughput liquid handling dispensers binary options income blue as the Hydra and Tango systems) (7), whereas the other involves a new ink jet noncontact printing technology based on a microsolenoid dispenser called the NanoFillTM (8).
0 NA 8. 0 mJcm2 over 8 h 40 mJcm2 over 8 h 1. Pargament, K. 3 407. (This is called autocrine transformation; for review see Binary options 100 payout nj 349. 70547937 10. Autoclaves Pressurized sterilizing chambers or autoclaves are used primarily in the life sciences. Scand. Does Binary options 100 payout nj act directly or indirectly. Baldwin R, communication deviances, and meta-binding. Eds, Experimental Spectroscopy, 3d ed. Appendix A-IV.
" Byelectronmicroscopy,NtrCwasseenboundattheenhancer,andRNA polymerase was seen bound binary options 100 payout nj the promoter under conditions for open 76 L. The applicant must be suitably trained and experienced so as to be qualified to use the material for the purpose requested in a way that binary options 100 payout nj protect the health of individuals and minimize danger to binary options auto trading 5 year treasury and property The experience and training must be ©2000 CRC Press LLC Page 19 documented in the application.
If it is determined that adverse effects on humans or the environment could occur and evacuation of areas near the facility is needed, the emergency coordinator must immediately notify appropriate local authorities and remain available to help in making decisions as to which areas require evacuation. The organization of the TCR proteins resembles that of the immunoglobulins. Acad. Mol. Metab. Cloning Procedure 1.Ed. The problem with correlations, however, is that they may reflect binary options yes or no checklist between sub- jects, rather than differences in performance per binary options 100 payout nj. 2000.
Buckner, R. 2 can be obtained.Swedo S. commain. Recently, it was shown that transport of succinate is pH-dependent and does not work well above pH 7 binary options 100 payout nj P. A modern analogue of this concept i.Trading-binary-options.rustokke | <urn:uuid:080b5c5d-9d5d-4e2f-9136-f566ba303784> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://sk-treid.ru/binary-options-100-payout-nj.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00433-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.860796 | 2,795 | 1.726563 | 2 |
At Perkins Dental Clinic, we believe that knowledge is key when it comes to a healthy smile. Feel free to browse the entries below to learn more about dental hygiene, myths about dental care, and much more.
The Role of Saliva
WHAT IS SPIT FOR? It’s a pretty important question in the realm of oral health. People tend to think of saliva in a negative context if they think about it at all, but without spit, we would have a hard time chewing, swallowing, or even tasting our food. We also wouldn’t be able to speak clearly, […]Read more
Tooth Sensitivity: Causes and Treatments
NOTHING RUINS A COZY mug of hot cocoa faster than the jolt of pain from sensitive teeth. As many as one in eight people in the U.S. deal with tooth sensitivity, including kids! What causes it and what can we do to protect our teeth? Understanding Dental Anatomy In a healthy tooth, there is the protective […]Read more
What Are Dental Implants?
MODERN DENTISTRY IS incredible. Tooth decay, accidents, and injuries that once would have left someone with a gap in their smile that they could never fill can now be treated so that everything looks and works about as good as new. In many cases, those teeth can even be saved through root canal therapy. When that […]Read more
Dentures Through History
TOOTH LOSS HAS BEEN a problem people have had to deal with all throughout history, and false teeth have been a solution since at least 2500 B.C. Dentures Through The Ages The oldest known false teeth were discovered in Mexico, made of wolf teeth. Millennia later, around 700 B.C., the ancient Etruscans would use gold bands or […]Read more
Our Smiles For Life Campaign Helps Children’s Charities
MARCH THRU JUNE our practice is raising donations for children’s charities through the Smiles For Life program. We’re honored and excited to participate in such a worthy cause! 100 percent of the donations we raise go to the Smiles For Life Foundation to benefit children in need, with 50 percent benefiting a local charity of […]Read more
Staying Active Is Good for My Teeth?
WE ALL KNOW how important regular dental visits and good daily brushing and flossing routines are to keeping our mouths healthy, but they aren’t the only factors. It might seem strange, but maintaining a healthy weight and staying active also have an effect on the health of our teeth and gums. The Link Between Weight and […]Read more
Mother’s Day Stories
WE LOVE AND APPRECIATE our mothers year-round, but we love Mother’s Day because it gives us a special opportunity to celebrate them! That’s why we’re dedicating a blog post to our favorite stories about or by mothers we know! Our Favorite Stories About Our Moms Teresa Lyons– THIS MOTHERS DAY I LOOK BACK AT HOW […]Read more
Preparing Your Smile For The Big Day
YOU’VE DREAMED OF THIS day your whole life. You have the ring and the fiancé, the planning is going well, and you’re down to the last few details. Bridals are coming up, and then the wedding itself. You realize there’s something you need to do before you have hundreds of pictures taken of you: perfect […]Read more
Don’t Forget To Clean That Tongue!
YOU HEAR ALL THE TIME about the importance of brushing your teeth for two minutes twice a day, and you hear almost as often about the importance of daily flossing. What you probably don’t hear a lot is that, if we want to maintain good oral health and hygiene, it’s also important for us to clean […]Read more
What To Expect At The Dentist… When You’re Expecting
IF YOU’RE PREGNANT, you’re probably worried about anything and everything that may affect your baby, especially if you’re a first-time mother. But when it comes to your dental care, there’s no need to worry! Annual exams and preventive dental care during pregnancy are not only safe, but recommended. In fact, you need to pay […]Read more | <urn:uuid:ba76396b-740b-47f8-befc-b0b6eb0fb1cb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://perkinsdentalclinic.com/education/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.93985 | 903 | 2.703125 | 3 |
September 5, 2008
Renowned Psychologist Dr. Ruth Westheimer to Write Monthly Column for The Erickson Tribune Newspaper
Dr. Ruth Westheimer (photo attached), the New York psychologist who became famous in the 1980's when she hosted radio and television programs that encouraged frank, open discussion of sex, will pen a monthly 300-word column in The Erickson Tribune newspaper starting in November. The column will be titled "Dr. Ruth On..." and will cover a wide range of topics relating to older adults.
"We are thrilled to have Dr. Ruth writing for the Tribune," said Deborah Dasch, editor of the paper, which boasts 3 million readers across the U.S. "She's going to be calling upon her years of study and experience as a psychologist to cover a host of subjects that are of interest to our readers."According to Dasch, possible topics for the column include advice for grandparents when their grandchildren start to date; tips for seniors who are looking to start dating again; insight into how relationships between parents and their children change as the parents age; advice for widows and widowers; etc.
About Dr. Ruth Westheimer: Dr. Ruth K. Westheimer is a psychosexual therapist who sprang to national attention in the early 80's following the beginning of her live radio call-in program, Sexually Speaking. She went on to have her own TV program, appeared on the cover of People Magazine and TV Guide, and is the author of 32 books and counting. Her fans of all ages can find her advice on Retirement Living TV, on her own website, www.drruth.com, and in her syndicated newspaper column. She teaches at both Yale and Princeton and gives lectures all around the world. Dr. Ruth lives in New York and has two children and four grandchildren.
About The Erickson Tribune: The mission of The Erickson Tribune - a monthly newspaper with a print circulation of 3 million that is also available online - is to involve, inform, and inspire people to take charge of their lives. It does this through an array of features, in-depth articles, contests, and health-related news that fill a niche for retired Americans. The Erickson Tribune is published by Erickson Retirement Communities. | <urn:uuid:225fe69f-11c4-4844-bd5c-1884701ddd30> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.redorbit.com/news/health/1545104/renowned_psychologist_dr_ruth_westheimer_to_write_monthly_column_for/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280763.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00521-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962908 | 457 | 1.640625 | 2 |
The objective of this panel was to discuss issues related to the development and use of autonomous systems, with specific focus on the overriding themes of ethical considerations and potential liability for Human Factors and Ergonomics (HF/E) professionals who are involved in their development. Chris Brill provided opening remarks to frame the discussion and introduce the panelists. James Bliss discussed legal implications related to our collective penchant for developing conservative, false-alarm prone automation. Peter Hancock advocated for human-centered constraints on autonomous systems, as they may, one day, pose an existential threat to humanity. Dietrich Manzey discussed ethical considerations for autonomous systems, including how design can encourage ethical user behavior. Joachim Meyer argued that HF/E professionals have an obligation to help designers understand the ethical implications of poor design, particularly in the context of autonomous systems. Lastly, Alison Vredenburgh provided thoughts on potential liability for HF/E professionals, particularly in light of the relative newness of autonomous systems. The panel then turned to facilitated discussion with panelists and audience members. Specific themes included the boundaries of our responsibilities as HF/E professionals for ill-conceived or morally-objectionable systems, potential implications of manipulating user trust through design, cross-cultural perspectives on public acceptance and legal peril, and how concerns might differ by domain (e.g., medical vs.combat vs. manufacturing). The session concluded with panelists summarizing how ethics influence design and recommendations for how HF/E professionals can potentially protect themselves from legal liability for mishaps involving autonomous systems they helped develop.
|Number of pages||5|
|Journal||Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society|
|State||Published - 2016|
|Event||Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 2016 International Annual Meeting, HFES 2016 - Washington, United States|
Duration: 19 Sep 2016 → 23 Sep 2016 | <urn:uuid:0c655200-ba2b-4d50-939a-cbf0831d55b7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cris.tau.ac.il/en/publications/matters-of-ethics-trust-and-potential-liability-for-autonomous-sy | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.896404 | 412 | 1.726563 | 2 |
Exasperated Vasiliko area residents are meeting on Wednesday afternoon to decide what strong measures to take to protect themselves environmentally following last Saturday’s outbreak of a toxic tyre fire.
The fire that broke out in piles of tyres in the quarry area was the last straw for the residents of the nearby nine communities who also staged an impromptu protest on Monday.
Insiders said they are now contemplating three imminent measures – the first one being a long-lasting strong protest leading to the closure of the energy hub there. Secondly, all students in the affected communities to abstain from class, and, thirdly, taking legal measures against all concerned over the steady pile of heavy industry in their area.
On Tuesday, Agriculture Minister Costas Kadis who visited the area sent the message that the anger of residents near Vasiliko is ‘completely understandable’.
And that the findings of the report by the environment department regarding the fire will be ready on Wednesday and also include the exact conditions of licensing of the tyre management unit and whether those were implemented and checked.
The report would also look into whether the audit office recommendations, published last year, were taken into account. | <urn:uuid:5190e0ae-272f-4185-a26c-be81d20b872c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://in-cyprus.philenews.com/news/local/vasiliko-area-residents-to-decide-on-wednesday-action-to-be-taken-after-toxic-tyre-fire/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00078.warc.gz | en | 0.96714 | 238 | 1.539063 | 2 |
The government has released the Cyber Security Breaches Survey 2016 report, which has found the nearly seven out of ten attacks on all firms involved viruses, spyware or malware.
The Federation of Small Businesses has welcomed the report as a sign that the government is trying to better understand the threat posed by cyber-attacks on businesses.
FSB National Chairman Mike Cherry said that cyber-crime affects all businesses, but hits smaller firms the hardest as they struggle to absorb the costs the most.
He said: “Smaller businesses want to embrace the opportunities a digital world provides but these can also lead to vulnerabilities. With the nature, scale and costs of cyber security breaches escalating, smaller businesses need access to cyber security resources and clear advice on how to become cyber resilient.
“As this report suggests, smaller businesses would benefit from increased awareness of the Government’s Cyber Essentials scheme. This can be achieved by more investment in signposting.”
However, Cherry warned that while smaller firms must play their part, the “responsibility for improving business resilience to cyber threats must not fall heavily on those least able to bear the burden”. Government and larger businesses must do their bit to tackle this problem. | <urn:uuid:b75cef72-c90b-42fd-804a-34e1200326d5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.smeweb.com/sme/more-must-be-done-to-protect-smes-from-cyber-crime | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00234-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961384 | 249 | 2.0625 | 2 |
October 15th, 2007, 09:57 AM
coding a pdf recovery software
A few days ago I downloaded a book on cryptanalysis in pdf format, it was huge in terms of size (40 MB).
After downloading it I found that I can't read it because it is corrupt. So I downloaded a pdf recovery software and finally read that book.
After a few days it occoured to me that how that pdf recovery software worked?
So I dissassembled it to see the logic behind it and the functions imported by it,but I am still confused by it.
Can anyone point me in the right direction.
And also, do someone know a way to correct a corrupt pdf file "by hand" (opening it in notepad or hex editor etc and editing it to correct it structure so that it can be read by the pdf reader.)
October 15th, 2007, 02:58 PM
I don't know the inner workings of PDF files but I would imagine that the software works in three basic ways:
1. Validate/repair the header record.
2. Validate/repair the end of file record.
3. Extract and recreate pages.
Provided you know what 1 & 2 should look like it would be theoretically possible to manually repair them. If the body of the document is corrupt I wouldn't bother.
October 16th, 2007, 02:14 PM
I have no idea about a PDF Recovery Software.
When the downloaded file is corrupted, that means there was an error in the downloading process itself and file rebuild after downloading (for resume-supported sites) fails to integrate the parsed file locations. In cases such as these, what I do is simply restart the file download and let it run its due course until the file is integrally complete.
Attempting to reconstruct a PDF file by extracting its contents into a text editor then recreate it using a PDF writer (I use CutePDF; and when the document production is mine, there always is a watermark) is tedious... the integrity of the original file (most specially when there are graphics and in multiple columns) is compromised. Personally, that's a no-no since I need to pinpoint the exact page (plus the URL when necessary) when citing the document as a reference.
[Aside 1: I literally had to ask the National Academy of Sciences on how to cite their books that I download in PDF format using the MLA format given the length of the list of editors, the committees and all.]
[Aside 2: I have a healthy fear of PDF attachments in unsolicited emails.]
But when I browse e-books that are displayed in HTML format, I print it in PDF format to make sure I extract it all. The disadvantage of this approach is the configuration of the PDF writer with regard to fonts prevails over my personal preference.
Si vis pacem, para bellum!
October 16th, 2007, 03:06 PM
I dont think it would be really all that easy to write a program that does it since the data is encoded so "proprietarily" Im not sure where you would get the information on howto parse the information even...
By ThePreacher in forum Miscellaneous Security Discussions
Last Post: December 14th, 2006, 09:37 PM
By TAIWL in forum AntiOnline's General Chit Chat
Last Post: July 8th, 2004, 05:35 PM
By helloworid in forum Newbie Security Questions
Last Post: April 30th, 2004, 09:27 PM
By hatebreed2000 in forum AntiOnline's General Chit Chat
Last Post: March 14th, 2003, 06:36 AM
By allenb1963 in forum AntiOnline's General Chit Chat
Last Post: September 17th, 2002, 08:05 AM | <urn:uuid:13bee96b-077d-4379-9866-74fa637ad3c4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.antionline.com/showthread.php?276038-coding-a-pdf-recovery-software | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00365-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.927143 | 791 | 1.734375 | 2 |
Friday, April 9, 2010
A Virtual Trip to the WCC!
North Hampton School's first graders took a trip to the Wolf Conservation Center this morning without setting foot outside their own classroom in New Hampshire! Using two-way videoconferencing technology, we offered our very first long distance education program. I was very impressed with Mrs. Spalding's class, their questions were right on and clearly well thought out. One of the highlights of the session was when Atka pressed his nose against the camera lens - a kiss for the kids! We plan on adding long distance education programming to the WCC's program catalog soon. If you are interested in arranging a live video class session for your students, please call Maggie at 914-763-2373 x2 or email email@example.com. | <urn:uuid:b619be08-efb8-4c9f-98fd-cf3eb37dea18> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://nywolf.blogspot.com/2010/04/virtual-trip-to-wcc.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00393-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961162 | 169 | 1.921875 | 2 |
Recently my mind has been reoriented from macroeconomic to microeconomic concerns, specifically education.
First, I wanted to share this C-Span taping of an event on racial disparities in education and employment that happened at the Urban Institute. The discussion was built around research that I conducted with Marla McDaniel using the 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. I ask a question on new hire tax credits at 1:04:15. A lot of this was about the employment patterns of young whites and blacks, which was the focus of our research, but career and technical education, as well as apprenticeships also came up.
I'm also gearing up to work on this NBER chapter on the engineering workforce, which has reoriented me towards a lot of these questions about the extent to which our higher education system is able to supply the labor market with the workers it needs. I have a few articles to share on this. Yesterday, I read this AP article which was reprinted in the Washington Post on the shift away from four year degrees and towards more technical degrees. Glenn Reynolds explicitly compares the "education bubble" to the housing bubble and suggests it's going to burst. I'm not sure I entirely agree with the idea that we have an education bubble. The college wage premium is still very wide, so decisions to go to four year institutions seem to be responding to real earning prospects. I don't know whether tuition is keeping page with the college wage premium - perhaps higher education is somewhat overvalued, but the point is education does pay. It's hard to explain that away as a bubble unless you're going to claim that the demand and supply side of the labor market both simultaneously over-valued education and did so steadily over the course of several decades. This isn't to say that everyone earning a degree needs to earn one. College is a status simple and it is personally fulfilling, so there are certainly people in college who don't need to be there from the perspective of the labor market. But that's very different from saying that there's a bubble.
Joel Trachtenberg - former president of my graduate alma mater (George Washington University), and namesake of the public policy school where I earned my degree, argues that one solution may be a three year degree. The president of the American Association of Colleges and Universities disagrees.
I think that more options is always going to be better, which predisposes me towards supporting a three year degree that may more appropriately fulfill some students' needs. But I think the bigger problem is not at the high end of the education scale, but at the low end. Our problem isn't a higher education bubble, it's a bi-modal education distribution. We have far too many people who drop out of high school or who have a terminal high school diploma, and far too few people with mid-level skills: associates degrees, technical schools, certifications, apprenticeships, etc. That comes from a failing secondary school system and a world famous higher education system that emphasizes four year degrees, with far fewer institutions providing mid-level skills.
Thinking about how educated our workforce needs to be is always a little odd for me too. Because I'm interested in long-term investments and the problems that the market faces in providing these long-term investments, I'm also always thinking not just about what kind of education we need for the current labor market, but what kind of education we would need for the ideal labor market. In my view, the market economy introduces discount rates that are far too high. Basic research is too risky, so it is underinvested in. The market militates against the big investments that would be optimal were we not constrained by what Keynes called "the dark forces of time and ignorance": colonizing Mars, mining the asteroids, engineering life, guiding evolution, Dyson spheres, seasteading, terraforming other worlds - you name it. These things are hard for the market to invest in, and so we bump along sub-optimally as we always have. If I were to consider optimal levels of investment in both physical and human capital, I would guess that we are considerably under-investing in higher education. But you have to strike a balance between the world we live in and the world that we could or should live in. So my official line is that we need to graduate more high school students and more of them need to continue on to mid-level technical training, while we maintain the high quality of higher education. But ideally - if I thought society would be willing to make more investments and take more chances on the future - I'd go even farther than that. | <urn:uuid:8b13f417-3316-4198-82b7-3a81db17033f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://factsandotherstubbornthings.blogspot.com/2010/06/education-bubble.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00038-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.978405 | 943 | 1.835938 | 2 |
The Beginning Of A New Economy - Sustainable Human. Ecobasa.org launched! Written by Arne Bollinger on July 16, 2015, 12:31 p.m.
After many years, many conversations, many volunteer circles and many many hours and lines of programming, it is finally done: the new ecobasa.org is online! You can now register and join the network, as well as invite communities that you know to join! Because without members, there is no gift-economy network :) The basic structure of the platform is there, you can already see how it is supposed to work. By now all the elements are there, but there is no automation, means you have to do everything manually. We have some funding available to start developing Apps like the Routeplanner which will automatically suggest places for a community-tour to stop by.
Right now we are working on translations to make the network accessible for south- and middle-america. Dans cette pizzeria, vous pouvez payer avec un post-it. Le projet génial d'un ancien de Wall Street. Quand un ancien employé de Wall Street décide de changer de vie pour être en accord avec ses valeurs… cela peut donner quelque chose de vraiment surprenant !
Marie Goodwin on How to Run a Business in the Gift Economy. Reposted from Shareable magazine, Marie Goodwin talks about the challenges and rewards of exploring the gift economy.
Maybe this is you: you’ve been working for a while on your own, making a little bit of money, maybe a lot of money. But something doesn’t feel right. When you bill people for your time and expenses, something feels off. You hate that part. There are always the nagging thoughts, “Was it enough? Or, maybe you are thinking about starting a small business on the side: selling kimchi or pickles or vanilla elixirs at the holiday market in town this year. Gift economics can help solve these nagging feelings that linger around the corners of for-profit businesses.
In this way, people get their needs for food, water, shelter, clothing, and luxuries met. More and more people are turning to doing business “in the gift” as a way to help them feel more authentic in their business relationships and bridge the friend/client divide. Creating a culture of trust and support. A gift-economy experience. Demander inconditionnellement.
L’expérience m’a appris que quand une personne entre dans l’économie du don, la plupart des gens pensent que cette personne devrait demander uniquement ce qui sert ses besoins basiques de survie. Au-delà de cette ligne, on entre dans le futile ou le trop demander. The Gift Economy - Web Design. Comment l’économie du partage crée du lien social. Alors que les échanges marchands créent de plus en plus d'exclusion sociale et de défiance, l'économie du partage, par le don, transforme les relations grâce à la reconnaissance et l'inter-dépendance.
Le XXème siècle aura été incontestablement celui de l’échange marchand. Main Page - GiftEconomy. Sacred Economics with Charles Eisenstein - A Short Film. Genuine Gifting Circles vs. the Monetization of the Gift: a warning on the Women’s Gifting Circles pyramid scheme. Do you really want to step into abundance and gift?
Then do something that offers no direct path to return, something about which you can honestly say, “I’m doing this because it is my pleasure to give,” rather than, “I’m doing this so I will get even more back.” You might end up with more back after all, but if so it will come via mysterious paths. But you won’t be concerned with that, because you will stand confident in the abundance of life, believing that as you care for life, life will care for you.” Republished from Charles Eisenstein: “One aspect of the monetization of life that is proceeding nearly to totality in our time is that someone finds a way to commoditize nearly any movement or concept, even those that were explicitly anti-commercial in their conception. The monetization of everything is profoundly dispiriting, because it reinforces the suspicion that, in the end, “It’s all about the money.”
Related motives might include: * A desire for approval or solicitude from others. Gift economy - web brain. Gift economy - On the Spiral. Defining Abundance in the Context of a Gift Economy. Examining Gift Economies. I recently discovered Eric S.
Raymond’s insightful examination of hacker culture Homesteading the Noosphere and found many parallels between the issues I have been writing about (particularly here and here) and ESR’s characterization of hackers as participants in a gift economy. Per wikipedia: In the social sciences, a gift economy (or gift culture) is a society where valuable goods and servicesare regularly given without any explicit agreement for immediate or future rewards (i.e. no formal quid pro quo exists). Ideally, simultaneous or recurring giving serves to circulate and redistribute valuables within the community.
Why the Gift Economy Will Grow Unnoticed. I am finding myself increasingly surprised and dismayed at proponents of alternative currency who propose and promote systems that fundamentally offer very little change from our current system.
In most cases these “alternatives” are simply non-governmental versions of the same transactional-scarcity model. The majority of innovation occurring currently is in inherently abundant informational goods and there is an intrinsic incompatibility between scarce transactional currency and abundant goods. Chaîne de CharlesEisenstein.
To Build Community, an Economy of Gifts by Charles Eisenstein. For a multitude of reasons, we need to need each other. posted Dec 27, 2011 Wherever I go and ask people what is missing from their lives, the most common answer (if they are not impoverished or seriously ill) is "community.
" What happened to community, and why don't we have it any more? There are many reasons—the layout of suburbia, the disappearance of public space, the automobile and the television, the high mobility of people and jobs—and, if you trace the "whys" a few levels down, they all implicate the money system. More directly posed: community is nearly impossible in a highly monetized society like our own.
In former times, people depended for all of life's necessities and pleasures on people they knew personally. | <urn:uuid:800d2ee8-9e56-45ce-97b9-338f2778927f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.pearltrees.com/t/don-gift-economy/gift-economy/id7618252 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00068.warc.gz | en | 0.847396 | 1,462 | 1.5 | 2 |
Everyone who works with Telecom knows there is a relationship between Watts and dBm. But if the Power is expressed in Watts, why we must know - and use - this relationship in our day-to-day??
Let's try to understand today in a simple manner, and discover why the use of decibels help us much.
Watt (W) and miliWatt (mW)
First of all, to understand what it means for example 0 dBm, we at least have to know the basic unit of power, the Watt. By definition, 1 Watt means 1 Ampere (A) current in 1 Volt (V) voltage, or in mathematical terms P = VA. It is interesting to note that the amount of power radiated by an antenna is very small in terms of Watts, but it is enough to reach several miles.
And as the signs are very small, is more common to refer to them in terms of prefix, such as military or milliwatts (mW), which means 1 / 1000 (one thousandth) of Watts.
Besides the signals were rather small, it - as well as other quantities of physics such as electricity, heat or sound - propagate nonlinearly. It would be more or less like compound interest on a loan.
Or brought into our world of engineers, imagine a cable for transmitting 100 watts, with a loss of 10% per meter. If the spread was linear, the final 10 meters would have no more power!
Only it's not how it happens. In the first meters, have 10% less power, which is 90 watts. And this is the value that 'enter' on the cable until the next meter. Thus, the second meter, we would have 10% less of that power or 81 watts (= 90 - 9). Repeating this calculations, you see that in fact the power never reaches zero, as it would if calculations were linear. (At the end of the cable have actually 34.86 Watt)
To solve problems o deal with this - and make our lives easier - we need to know the logarithms. We saw this in school, but there are people who do not like to hear. The good thing is that we need not know much about them, just understand what they are.
Just understand that if we transformed the magnitudes in logarithms, the calculations become addition and subtraction rather than multiplication and division.
Of course, in order to do the calculations by adding and subtracting, we must make the necessary conversions. But with the help of a calculator or Excel, is not that complicated.
By definition, we have:
Sure, we say that working with logarithms (or decibels) is much easier - and the common good. But by the formulas above, still can not understand. So the best way to understand why we use dB (decibels), is seeing how they help us through a practical example.
Consider a standard wireless link, where we have a transmitter (1) and a receiver (5), Antennas (3), Cables, Jumpers and Connectors (2) and Free Space (4).
Using real values, and without using the help of dB, let's do the math and see, from the transmitted power, how much power we have at receiver. So with dummy values, but close to reality, we have:
- Transmitter Power = 40 Watts
- Cables and connectors loss = - 0.5 (Half Power)
- Antenna Gain = 20 + times in the Power
- Free Space Loss = - 0 000 000 000 000 000 1 Power
Note: This amount of loss in free space is quite big. And it is obtained based on distance and other factors. For now, just accept that it is a practical value of loss of RF for a given distance of our link.
The link with the absolute values in Watt would then be as below.
We can work this way, of course. But you must agree that it is not very friendly.
Now, if we use the proper conversion of power, gain and loss for dB, we can simply add and subtract.
It was so much easier, isn't it?
Now we just need to know the formulas to do the conversions.
Converting with Formulas in Excel
Considering that the amount of wattage is in cell B3, the formula for convrting W in dBm is:
= 10 * ( LOG10 ( 1000 * B3 ) )
And the formula to reverse - convert dBm to Watt, considering that our power in dBm is in cell B6 is:
= 10 * ( LOG10 ( 1000 * B6 ) )
And as a result, we have calculated values.
Note that in case we are using the 1000 value in the formulas, for wearing the Watt, but we want the result in dBm.
To calculate (convert) db to ratio, or ratio to db, the formulas do not include the value of 1000.
Calculations without using a calculator
Of course, we will use calculators in the projects and programs such as Excel. But we also know how to do calculations (conversions) without using a calculator. If anyone tells you that the power is + 46 dBm, you need to know what that means in terms of Watts.
For this, there are certain tricks that can be used to arrive at least an approximate match.
For this, a good way is to memorize the equivalent to multiplying factors in dB, as in the table below (at least those that are in bold).
With the corresponding values of dB and multiplier factor, we convert eg +46 dBm to mW.
Answer: First, we expressed 46 values that we already know by heart.
So 46 = 10 + 10 + 10 + 10 + 3 + 3
That is, we multiply the reference value (1 mW) for four times the factor of 10 and twice the factor of 2.
What gives us
1mW x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 = 1 000 0 mW
1 000 0 mW x 2 x 2 = 40000 mW = 40 W
Ie, + 46 dBm is equal to 40 watts.
Well, I think now you have given to see that when we do the calculations in dB everything is easier. Moreover, the vast majority of Telecom equipment has specifications of its units in dB (Power, Gain, Loss, etc.).
In short, just use basic math to understand the values and reach the final figures.
When we say that such a signal is attenuated by 3 dB, means that the final power is half the initial power. Likewise, if a given power is increased by 3 dB means twice the power.
A good practice, irrespective of how you will work with the calculations is to store at least some values such as 0 dBm = 1 mWatt (our initial question), 30 dBm = 1 Watt, and in our example, 46 dBm = 40 Watt.
So you can quickly learn, for example, the equivalent for the calculations.
For example, 43 dBm = 46 dBm - 3 dB. That is, half the power of 46 dbm. Then, 43 dBm = 20 Watts!
Just finally, in our example, the received power was - 84 dBm, remember?
In this case, doesn't need memorizing. Just so you know which is equivalent to a very low power, but enough for a good example for GSM call. | <urn:uuid:044b2d2f-9861-43d7-b15c-c57c418cff53> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.telecomhall.com/what-is-0-dbm.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00346-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946531 | 1,562 | 3.671875 | 4 |
Growth in Americans' wages and benefits is slowly accelerating, rising 3.5 percent during the year ended in June - a figure well above inflation in consumer prices.
It was the biggest 12-month increase in 41/2 years and compares with 3.3 percent for the 12 months ended in March and 2.8 percent for the year finishing in June 1997, the Labor Department said today.The report illustrated why Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan told Congress earlier this month that, despite the dampening impact on the United States of the Asian economic crisis, he continues to worry more about inflation than a recession.
He's concerned that compensation increases will pressure businesses into raising their prices faster. So far, though, price inflation has remained extraordinarily tame - running at around a 1.5 percent annual rate this year.
That means more than half of the compensation increase over the past year represented real, inflation-adjusted gains.
Rapid advances in computers and other high-tech equipment have helped many companies to produce more goods and services with the same number of workers, thus allowing room for both rising compensation and healthy profits.
Wages and salaries have been increasing faster than benefits, rising 3.8 percent in the year ended in June compared with 2.4 percent for benefits. But many economists fear benefits soon will start increasing more briskly because they believe most of the cost-saving gains from the advent of managed health care have been realized.
For the second-quarter alone, the gains were 0.9 for total compensation, compared with the previous quarter, 0.9 percent for wages and salaries and 0.8 percent for benefits. | <urn:uuid:1cb1faeb-dd97-48f8-b57b-40dae34c4f8f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.deseret.com/1998/7/30/19393894/increase-in-wages-outpaces-inflation | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.969368 | 331 | 1.953125 | 2 |
Metalworking is a very interesting industry that requires a lot of precision when handling a task or project. In order to get the desired precision and accuracy, it is important to use the right precision equipments and tools, and one of them is the rotary table. A rotary table refers to a precision device used for positioning metalwork. When working with the rotary table, it gives the operator the opportunity to be able to cut and drill work at specific intervals, about a fixed axis that could either be vertical or horizontal. In some cases, some of the rotary tables are created such that they make it possible for index plates to be used for operations that involve indexing. Furthermore, some of the rotary tables can also be fitted with what is known as dividing plates that make it easy for regular work positioning to happen at instances or divisions where indexing plates are unavailable, at this point, it is referred to as an indexing head or a dividing head.
The construction of the rotary table involves the creation of a base that is solid and comes with provisions for clamping the device onto a fixture, or another table. The table itself consists of a disc that is precision-machined, and this is where the workpiece gets clamped (it has T slots that are provided in order to make this possible) the disc has the ability to rotate freely, it can be used for indexing, or can be controlled by a hand-wheel, while the worm wheel part of the device becomes part of the real table. In the case of high precision tables, they are usually driven by duplex worms.
There are standard ratios in the construction of the table. Normally, the ratio between the table and the worm is 40:1, 72:1, or 90:1, however, it may also be any ratio that has the ability to be divided perfectly into 360 degrees. The ratios are put in place in order to facilitate ease of use when there is the availability of indexing plates. Furthermore, the rotary table usually comes with a vernier scale and a graduated dial that is needed to assist the operator to properly position the table, and thus perform their duties with improved accuracy. In addition to that, there is a through hole that is usually added to the table, and the hole gets machined into the table in order to be able to use a morse taper fixture or center.
When using rotary tables, they are usually mounted to lay flat on the surface, and then have the table go through its rotating motion about a vertical axis. Alternatively, the rotary table can be mounted on an angle plate inclined at 90%, or flat on its end, this way, the rotation takes place around a horizontal axis. Furthermore, the configuration is designed such that the tailstock can be put to good use, thus making it possible to have the workpiece held between centers.
When the gets mounted properly on a secondary table, the workpiece becomes centered accurately on the axis of the rotary table, which invariably becomes centered on the axis of the cutting tool. Hence, we can conclude that the axes are coaxial. At this point, the operations of the secondary table can be positioned in either of the directions, in order for the cutter to get set at the desired distance that is well away from the center of the workpiece, and thus it becomes easy for operations that concentric to take place. In order to be able to cut curves that are complex, the workpiece needs to be placed eccentrically away from the workpiece’s center. Just like the other setups performed with a vertical mill, it is possible to use the milling operation to perform different tasks, including the drilling of some equidistant and concentric holes. It can also be used for end or face milling semicircular or circular shapes, and in some cases, contours.
There are several applications for rotary tables, like being used in different inspection and manufacture processes in different industries, even in the photography and video industry, as part of the drive to get more accuracy. | <urn:uuid:18ea6b96-7db2-448e-9039-926a7538d035> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://techedgeweekly.com/rotary-table/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00069.warc.gz | en | 0.954651 | 843 | 3.515625 | 4 |
The impact in a golf swing is important. Learn all the details about this golf technique in this free video clip on golf tips.
In this segment I'm going to talk about impact. Impact is the moment that the club head hits the ball. The ball knows all! And the only thing the ball knows is impact. No matter how a golfer swings, the ball does not look up and say, "Oh, I don't like that swing, I'm going to go crooked." The ball does not look up and say, "I love that back swing. I'm going to go straight." The only thing the ball knows is the moment of impact. The only thing the nail knows is the moment of impact. So, it is by far, the most important part of the swing. If the thousand greatest ball strikers of all time were given a list, "What's the Most Important Part of the Swing?", grip, stance, set up, back swing, down swing, impact, follow through, with a list of twenty things. All thousand would say the most important part is impact. It's the only thing that the ball knows. And hitting that nail and visualizing that nail and what you do at impact, is the most important thing. So, I have my hammer and nail. My main concentration, just like a carpenter's main concentration, is impact. Yes, impact creates different things automatically. But, it's impact. And, in general, your hands, because of your grip, has a bop to it. Bing! Impact! Look at that nail. Feel that nail. See that nail. You're a carpenter, you're not a golfer. Bing! Bing! Impact! Impact! The most important part of the golf swing is impact. It's where your thought is. When you see a carpenter, boom, boom, boom, boom. He's thinking impact. I see that nail. I have my hammer. Boom! Boom! Boom! Let impact create your swing. The nail knows all. The only thing it knows is impact.
- Using Straws as Golf Aids
- Tips on Asking Golf Swing Questions
- Using the Golf Ball for Help
- How to Control Your Golf Swing
- Using Golf Swing Aids
- Stabilizing Your Head in Golf
- Listening to the Golf Ball
- How to Reduce Pressure in Golf
- Golf Practicing Tips
- How to Choose a Golf Club
- Hitting Low Hammer Golf Shots
- Why Long Golf Clubs are Hard to Hit
- Follow Through of the Hammer Golf Swing
- Down Swing of the Hammer Golf Swing
- Release of the Hammer Golf Swing
- Impact of the Hammer Golf Swing
- Back Swing of the Hammer Golf Swing
- Takeaway of the Hammer Golf Swing
- Golf Ball Position for Hammer Swing
- The Hammer Golf Grip
- Concept of the Hammer Golf Swing
- What is the Hammer Golf Swing? | <urn:uuid:565c3ab6-c8c9-4f25-9e1b-7f4911c33139> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ehow.co.uk/video_2357753_impact-hammer-golf-swing.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00309-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.930235 | 605 | 2.234375 | 2 |
Edward Burtynsky Collection
This selection is drawn from a multiyear donation of works by celebrated Canadian photographer (and Toronto Metropolitan University (formerly Ryerson University) alumnus) Edward Burtynsky, whose iconic images have brought global attention to the impacts of human industry on the natural landscape. The first instalment of Burtynsky's gift, announced in 2020, includes 142 of his earliest images, created between 1970 and 1989. The second instalment, presented to The Image Centre (formerly Ryerson Image Centre) in 2021, comprises 59 images created between 1991 and 1999, illustrating Burtynsky’s artistic development and the signature concepts and techniques that have earned him widespread international acclaim.
Each annual donation will represent another chronological stage of Burtynsky’s career, resulting in a collection that spans five-plus decades of photography on a range of subjects, including industrial manufacturing; landscapes altered for the economic exploitation of oil, water, stone, and other resources; waste and recycling; and the incursion of transportation routes in nature. At the culmination of Burtynsky's generous donation, The Image Centre (formerly Ryerson Image Centre) will be home to the world’s largest and most comprehensive institutional collection of this important artist's work. | <urn:uuid:7ca21b14-ff05-4c90-a5fb-fc5b28259ff7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://theimagecentre.ca/collection/the-edward-burtynsky-collection/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.928576 | 261 | 1.710938 | 2 |
Way forward is education, not taxes
The UK is already the second highest taxed country in the European Union in tax on alcohol and we are still tackling alcohol-related issues. The industry has been working hard to establish a high level of social responsibility but the real key to tackling the issues of young people being admitted to hospital through the abuse of alcohol is education.
The way forward is not to tell children about the evils of drink in isolation, they need to be aware of all the wider issues surrounding the use of alcohol and how to make an educated choice about alcohol consumption. The BII Certificate in Alcohol Awareness qualification offers this. Feedback from young people who have already completed the course makes it clear that their approach to alcohol has been altered in a positive manner.
Cheapness and availability of alcohol is not an issue in other European countries, we have to look at a cultural change in the UK, not banging up taxes and making alcohol harder to obtain. Cultural change begins with educating young people now and also having a realistic view that young people will experiment with alcohol but with a sound backing of education will not end up as a horror statistic.
Laws are being flouted
and ministers must act
government's own figures show a complete failure to tackle Britain's growing drink problem.
When the new Licensing Act was introduced, we were promised a continental drinking culture, but in reality we've seen a dramatic leap in alcohol related A&E admissions and a surge in drunken violence.
We have laws in place to guard against these incidents, but they just aren't being enforced - when laws are flouted, licences must be revoked or suspended.
The buck must stop with ministers - it's their job to hold Britain's pubs, bars and off-licences to account for the country's binge-drinking culture.
Don Foster MP
Liberal Democrat Shadow Culture, Media & Sport Secretary | <urn:uuid:2e1381c5-74be-4918-a2ea-b6309750587f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://drinksretailingnews.co.uk/news/fullstory.php/aid/9561/Way_forward_is_education,__not_taxes.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.964304 | 396 | 2.125 | 2 |
While Sri Lankan President Maithripala Sirisena is in India on his first official trip abroad, Beijing wants to make sure no one thinks China is being left out. With Sirisena in India, China’s Foreign Ministry announced that Sri Lankan Foreign Minister Mangala Samaraweera will travel to China at the end of February.
As Foreign Ministry spokesperson Hua Chunying pointed out, Samaraweera will be the first cabinet minister from Sri Lanka to visit China since Sirisena’s government took office. “Both sides attach great importance to the visit,” Hua said, adding China’s “hope that the visit by Foreign Minister Samaraweera will be an opportunity for the two sides to exchange views on the development of China-Sri Lanka relations under the new circumstances.”
Those “new circumstances” – namely, the election of a new president – had some observers wondering whether Colombo would seek to distance itself from China. Under former President Mahinda Rajapaksa, the Sri Lankan government concluded a number of deals with China, including increased defense cooperation and a Chinese-funded port project in Colombo as part of the “Maritime Silk Road.” Before his election, Sirisena had promised to reconsider the wisdom of heavy reliance on Chinese support.Enjoying this article? Click here to subscribe for full access. Just $5 a month.
As events have shown, however, Sirisena’s strategy does not involve cutting ties with Beijing completely. As The Diplomat reported earlier, Sirisena’s government has promised to move forward with the Chinese-funded Colombo Port City project in order to avoid any “misunderstanding” with the Chinese government.
China, for its part, exudes confidence that it will continue to enjoy a strong relationship with Colombo no matter who is in charge “China and Sri Lanka are neighbors of long-lasting amity. The two countries have forged a strategic partnership of cooperation based on sincere mutual assistance and generations of friendship over recent years,” a Foreign Ministry spokesman said upon the news of Sirisena’s election.
In a congratulatory message to Sirisena, Chinese President Xi Jinping said, “I am willing to make concerted efforts with the Sri Lankan side to keep lifting the China-Sri Lanka strategic cooperative partnership to higher levels.” On February 4, in a message congratulating Sri Lanka upon its National Day, Xi called the China-Sri Lanka relationship “unshakeable.”
As a sign of China’s eagerness to continue working with Sirisena’s government, Assistant Foreign Minister Liu Jianchao visited Sri Lanka on February 5 (not coincidentally, the same day that Colombo announced it would allow China’s port project to go ahead). In a meeting with Foreign Minister Samaraweera, Liu defended China’s investment in Sri Lanka. Such projects “meet the international and domestic demand of Sri Lanka and can bring tangible benefits to the Sri Lankan people,” Liu said, expressing China’s hope that the projects will be allowed to continue. Liu also told Samaraweera that the “Chinese side believes that the new government of Sri Lanka will stay firmly committed to its friendly policy towards China.”
For his part, Samaraweera expressed Sri Lanka’s appreciation for the “priceless assistance” China has provided for Sri Lanka’s economic and social development. He added that the Sirisena government “welcomes China’s investment and assistance.”
Contacts with China are continuing apace under Sirisena’s administration. Sirisena is in India right now, but he will likely visit China in the near future; Samaraweera’s upcoming trip to Beijing will help lay the groundwork. With that in mind, China isn’t overly worried about Sirisena’s travels in India this week. | <urn:uuid:a60b68d8-2255-42ce-8044-698a6e2df5e8> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://thediplomat.com/2015/02/china-stresses-ties-with-new-sri-lankan-government/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719416.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00363-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943251 | 838 | 1.9375 | 2 |
Expanding our use of recycled and recovered materials reduces our eco-footprint.
Schumacher Electric Corporation offers many energy-efficient products.
We recognize the importance of supporting long-term ecological balance.
We further commit to this by implementing our Sustainability Initiative.
We are reducing our eco-footprint by actively expanding the use of recycled and recovered component
part materials in our manufacturing process. The result is not a “used” or “refurbished” product,
but a product that is made in a better, environmentally friendly way.
By using recycled batteries, plastics, metal, and component parts, we avoid adding these items
into the landfills and reducing our environmental impact. Our goal is to reduce our footprint
and still bring you a great Schumacher quality product.
All of these small steps add up. Now you can do your part. Look for the special green logo on our packaging.
This will help you make the best, greenest choice.
Together, we can make a difference. | <urn:uuid:0eb31a2f-a9ea-4da6-a463-5ca4a7126048> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.batterychargers.com/sustainability-initiative/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00075-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.882171 | 217 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Douglas Graham was active/lived in California. Douglas Graham is known for landscape, screen decoration.
Biography Douglas Graham
Moving to California in 1927, Douglas Graham had traveled widely before establishing residency there. He set up his studio in Pasadena and became especially known for producing folding screens decorated with his designs.
Source: Artists in California, 1786-1940, by Edan Hughes | <urn:uuid:7eff1cf9-47e4-4e06-8488-68009d77a77b> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.askart.com/artist/Douglas_Graham/117985/Douglas_Graham.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719465.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00095-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.980984 | 79 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Security has been a government and military issue for quite some time – let’s just say – long enough. Now it has became a problem for almost anyone who uses a computer and Internet in one way or another.
“Computer Systems and Network Security” is published in Serbian language and serves the people who are willing to protect their assets 24/7. It reveals the threats, the attacks and dangers you will be exposed to on the Internet, as well as the methods, techniques, tools, procedures and products that can help you to establish a bit more secure network or computer system.
The book is suitable for all levels of knowledge, programmers, administrators, designers and other professionals that interoperate with security in one way or another. It is a textbook both for students that attend this course on their colleges and for management of companies that rely on computer systems and networks. It explains both the theory and practice – one step at a time. “Computer Systems and Network Security” will not teach you how to break into someone’s network, or decrypt your neighbor’s e-mail, but it will teach you how to make your network more secure and protect your e-mail’s confidentiality and integrity.
This book will push you with math on cryptography, but it will also show you how to use it for free. It will teach you how to set up good firewall with $100 computer running Linux and iptables, and will help you understand what kind of malware has eaten up your files or hard disk and give you a suggestion how to repair it. It will teach you how to make your operating system a bit more secure by setting up permissions, group policies or simply by tracking and analyzing events that has already occurred. But remember – at the end it is all up to you! This book will open a new door for you; it is you who has to pass through. | <urn:uuid:abae076a-a07d-4fa6-ade4-212cb2cddaf5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.helpnetsecurity.com/2007/04/24/mikro-knjiga-releases-computer-systems-and-network-security/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.964867 | 387 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Cotice todos los Productos y Servicios para la Industria del Agua que necesita a lo largo de todo Latinoam\E9rica.
Pressure Sensor with Color Front Membrane
The pressure sensor membrane with the front color is no oil, the iris color front, has vacuum resistant and overload protected, their is a 2-wire connection.
The pressure sensor flush with stainless steel front membrane is designed for use in processes demanding high standards of hygiene (eg, factories, dairies, food and pharmaceutical industries), typical applications include tank level measurement based on the principle of hydrostatic pressure measurement and the relative.
The process pressure acts through the membrane to flush stainless steel front on a piezoresistive measuring bridge, installation of hygiene is guaranteed through the process of welding sleeve hygiene. The suitable for use in CIP and sterilization processes.
|Nuestros Cientes También Han Visto|
Presencia de Aguamarket en Países como: | <urn:uuid:03898ae9-8f77-483f-b31d-9957be8a0eb9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.aguamarket.com/productos/productos.asp?producto=17442 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00187-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.74157 | 216 | 1.5 | 2 |
|MY EYE!! MY EYE!!!
Warning: This page contains spoilers that can spoil your experience for the Patapon games.
|I can explain this, great Kami! This is nothing more than… a stub.|
Earthend is the promised land of the Patapons. According to the legends of the Patapons, at Earthend, they must gaze upon IT to be granted with eternal bliss. For the Patapons to get to Earthend, they must defeat many dangers and endure many obstacles. The only thing they know is that Earthend lies beyond the sea. To reach Earthend, they have to cross everything, from dangerous monsters to Great Demons. At the end of Patapon, the Patapons find themselves thinking they are at Earthend and gazing upon IT, but it turns out to be that they are not at the end of the earth and are just looking at the shining sun.
At the end of Patapon 2, the Patapons think that the object inside a large egg is IT and that the end of the bridge is Earthend, but it is not, it was just the Patapon Princess standing on an unfinished bridge.
- In Patapon 3 you can decorate your hideout with an Earthend accessory.
- Earthend is inhabited by white-eared Rappata (seen to the bottom right of the picture to the left).
- Earthend is also inhabited by small, unidentified birds and Kacheek, which can be seen silhoutted in the background of the picture above. | <urn:uuid:95bba8d2-3d03-444d-9388-544c2fd825a3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://patapon.fandom.com/wiki/Earthend | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.947443 | 334 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Years ago I was playing a name game with some elementary-aged children at church. I asked each child to say their first name, preceded by a word that described them and started with the same letter as their name. So we had “marvelous Mary” and “sweet Sarah.” I was “royal Robert” or something like that. And then we got to Brock. Brock was about six years old and was VERY quiet and timid. When we came to him, he just looked at me and didn’t say a word. After a moment, the others began to suggest some words that weren’t the most helpful or kind. So, I decided to jump in and name him myself.
“You’re BRAVE Brock,” I said. Now, if you had known him, this would have seemed like a real stretch, and some of the other kids looked at me like I had lost my mind. But the interesting thing was that Brock smiled real big and said out loud, “I’m brave Brock.” As it turned out, brave Brock was about the third of ten children in the circle. So, seven more times, Brock heard his name out loud: “marvelous Mary, sweet Sarah, BRAVE Brock…” And would you believe me if I told you that he seemed different after that? He was still quiet, but he seemed a little stronger—a little more THERE—and a little braver. Names are powerful things!
I remember seventh grade in Greenville, S.C. One of the things most kids did at that age was take a season of ballroom dancing classes. One night, on the way out, one of the popular and athletic guys said how dumb he thought I looked dancing. In hindsight I can imagine that he probably thought HE looked dumb dancing and he was just taking precautions to divert the attention onto someone else and I was the lucky target. But at the time all I felt was intensely embarrassed and ashamed. It was approximately four seconds of horrible shame that felt like much longer.
But then a girl spoke up. She was one of the very pretty and popular girls and she just happened to have been my randomly assigned dance partner that night. And she said very loudly, “I think Robert is the best dancer of all the guys.” Something happened in my head and my heart in that moment. I had been on my way to carrying “dumb and uncoordinated” home with me—and probably would have carried those names for a long time—when Sonya spoke other names over me. And all the embarrassment and shame melted away and gave me a boost of confidence that lingered for a very long time. Names are powerful things!
You may have grown up hearing from your father, “You can’t measure up!” And you still call yourself FAILURE.
You may have grown up as a cast-off from the popular kids and have accepted the name LONER or LOSER.
You may have lost a job—or jobs—and can’t seem to land anything with permanence and think of yourself as WORTHLESS.
You may have made bad decisions, immoral decisions, and feel unclean and full of shame. Though you have trusted Christ, you still would label yourself DIRTY.
And yet God has declared you and me new creatures in Christ. God has given us a new name: a True Name. Isaiah 62 describes how God gives a new name and identity to those who trust and follow Him:
…You will be called by a new name, which the mouth of the Lord will designate. You will also be a crown of beauty in the hand of the Lord, and a royal diadem in the hand of your God. It will no longer be said to you, “Forsaken,” nor to your land will it any longer be said, “Desolate”; but you will be called, “My delight is in her,” and your land, “Married”; for the Lord delights in you, and to Him your land will be married…
The old names no longer say. You will be called “My delight is in you.” Can God delight in such as me? Such as you? Listen! This is God speaking right here in His Holy Word: “My delight is in you.” Your land–your life–is marriage material: pure, holy, clean, and new.
Hear the good news: Jesus Christ has come that we might have life and LIVE life the way God meant for it to be. Through Jesus, you ARE a new creature. Say it, repeat it, embrace it, and receive it. Your True Name is beloved, chosen, fruitful, blessed, Son and Daughter of God. Amen!
Shared on the Barnabas Center blog, “Redemption’s Road” on 2/19/19 (link) | <urn:uuid:84f5eddc-af7a-4770-8f8e-1af176d78056> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gspc.net/new-name-true-name/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.981214 | 1,047 | 1.578125 | 2 |
Around the beginning of the current millenium, a number of young manga artists debuted through Shueisha’s monthly shōjo manga magazine Bessatsu Margaret (Betsuma) and its now defunct bimonthly sister magazine Deluxe Margaret (Derama), immediately grabbing their readers’ attention with eye-catching illustrations that relied heavily on cute details and ornaments, bright and often bold color combinations and intricate fashion designs. Their stories’ heroines were school girls whose lives and thoughts orbitted around school, friendship and, just as importantly, boys which isn’t all that surprising considering the target readership and the tradition of their ‘mothership’ magazine. But these girls went about their daily routines in style. They tried to find freedom in their restricted day to day life inside their own microcosm of female friends and boys while mirroring contemporary fashion trends with their pop punk or gyaru-style clothes. And just as prominent were their big eyes originally reserved for characters from Ribon, Betsuma‘s younger sister magazine mostly read by elementary school girls. It is definitely not wrong to assume that these young artists were heavily influenced by one of the most popular mangaka published through Ribon in the early 1990s, Yazawa Ai and her fashionable yet assertive girls.
It was always up to the respective artists how much they wanted to rely on style over substance or the other way around, going deeper than just that pretty surface and showing the insecurities, challenges, mistakes but also happiness and freedom their characters experienced on their way to (more or less) owning their future. The artists who were the most successful at combining light-hearted, fun aesthetics and tone with an underlying melancholy and seriousness were, to me, Aruko whose collaboration with Kawahara Kazune, Ore Monogatari!! (My Love Story!!) became a bestselling series read by both girls and boys, women and men alike, Takano Ichigo (who ironically rose to fame with orange only after Betsuma/Shueisha basically dropped her and Futabasha had the good sense to take her in instead) and also, to a lesser extend, Yamaguchi Izumi, but especially Yamakawa Aiji.
Yamakawa Aiji (山川あいじ) started her career like most shōjo mangaka with a string of short stories and shorter series published in Betsuma and Derama with a steady output of one annual volume of collected short stories from 2002 to 2006. What kept readers coming back for more were her beautiful color artworks, her stories and heroines that emanated youth and freshness, boldness but also vulnerability and uncertainty. Then the string of new works was somehow broken and while I kept waiting for her name to appear in Betsuma again there was nothing, nothing but silence.
The next time I spotted her name in Betsuma again, I did a double take: in 2008, she published a mini-series called Chocolate Underground, an adaptation of an Alan Shearer novel for children called Bootleg about an underground youth resistance movement formed after chocolate had been banned by the government. The story was more shōnen material than anything but what was even more surprising was Yamakawa’s refined new character design and artistic style. Gone were the overly huge eyes, the girly designs of the color illustrations, the focus on school uniforms brought to life with the latest fashion items and accessories!
About two years before Aruko did the same, Yamakawa collaborated with Kawahara Kazune, a hugely popular but more mainstream Betsuma artist, for a one-volume short series called Tomodachi no Hanashi (plus an additional one shot) in 2009-2010. Yamakawa contributed the visuals, i.e. the manga itself, while Kawahara penned the story. This was more in vein of what Yamakawa had published previously. But her artistic evolution made one wonder what direction her stories would take now, if she would write her own stories again. And she did so immediately after her collab, with a new shorter series called Yajirobē which was collected in two volumes in 2011 and 2012 respectively. It can’t be stressed enough how absolutely stunning this manga is – the artwork and story are both subtle, restrained yet go beyond and much deeper than the average shōjo manga fare her peers create. Yajirobē deserves all the attention it can get and I will post a full review of it here very soon!
Yamakawa Aiji’s style after her comeback had changed so much that Shueisha gave her the chance to republish her first two collections of short stories, Chōcho ni naru (originally published in 2002) and Futaribocchi (2003) with new cover designs in 2011, coinciding with the release of the first volume of Yajirobē. See the images below for a comparison of the old vs. the new cover designs.
In early 2014, the design magazine MdN devoted one of their issues to the “shōjo manga design revolution” brought about by the fact that the big publishing companies gradually stopped using uniform cover designs for each of their comic labels. Graphic design companies are now hired to collaborate with the mangaka for the comic book covers and a serie’s “graphic identity.” The cover of MdN featured an illustration by none other than Yamakawa Aiji who represented more than anyone else the new freedom found in the art and design of mainstream shōjo manga.
But back to Yamakawa’s work as a mangaka. Even though the second volume of Yajirobē promised a continuation of the story, the series pretty much ended after that volume with an open end but in a quite conclusive and satisfying way for the reader. Yamakawa’s next series, Stand Up!, marked the move from Betsuma to its bimonthly sister magazine The Margaret. So far, three volumes have been released but Yamakawa had to stop working on the series and then vanished almost completely from the professional manga world in late 2014/early 2015. In April 2015 the editors of The Margaret had to let their readers know that Stand Up! would go on an indefinite hiatus because of the artist’s health issues.
One can only speculate about the reasons for her disappearance as a mangaka. A possible explanation could be the huge stress put upon the shoulders of manga artists who have to meet magazine deadlines for the latest chapter of their works. Stand Up! wasn’t even running regularly in The Margaret which comes out every 2 months and it was Yamakawa’s only running series so her workload must have been relatively low compared to that of other, busier artists. But then there’s also the need to conform to the genre conventions of the magazine your work is running in which you are more or less gently reminded of by your editor who knows what readers want and expect from your work through the “enquette” postcards sent in. Add a little bit of pressure and doubts you give yourself as an artist and storyteller, the financial insecurities of a freelance artist, the toll that the pressure and committment to your work can take on your own health but also your social relationships… Reasons to stop working as a professional mangaka exist in abundance but I hope Yamakawa Aiji makes it through somehow!
Yamakawa has been publishing a bit of idol-related work as a doujinshi author under a different pen name but apart from that, it’s become relatively quiet as far as a continuation of Stand Up! or a new story are concerned, unfortunately. There is light at the end of the tunnel, though! Yamakawa Aiji contributed the cover artwork for the furoku manga volume which came with Betsuma 2/2017 (released January 13; see the cover above). And she did another (super cute!!) cover illustration for the furoku manga volume titled Kiss Collection coming with Betsuma 4/2017 (released a few days ago, on March 13; see right for the cover). For now one can only hope that Yamakawa Aiji makes a full recovery and resurfaces in the professionally published manga world very soon because her unique style and engaging stories from her very memorable characters’ points of view are such a vital contribution to the world of shōjo manga!
Please stay tuned for a review of one of Yamakawa Aiji’s longer works, the 2-volume Yajirobē coming very very soon! | <urn:uuid:a3d35eac-6a0d-428f-b758-462fc1e80e9b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.coinlockerbaby.org/2017/03/mangaka-profile-yamakawa-aiji/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573029.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817153027-20220817183027-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.969442 | 1,783 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Global Christianity – A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World’s Christian Population
A comprehensive demographic study of more than 200 countries finds that there are 2.18 billion Christians of all ages around the world, representing nearly a third of the estimated 2010 global population of 6.9 billion. Christians are also geographically widespread – so far-flung, in fact, that no single continent or region can indisputably claim to be the center of global Christianity.
A century ago, this was not the case. In 1910, about two-thirds of the world’s Christians lived in Europe, where the bulk of Christians had been for a millennium, according to historical estimates by the Center for the Study of Global Christianity.2 Today, only about a quarter of all Christians live in Europe (26%). A plurality – more than a third – now are in the Americas (37%). About one in every four Christians lives in sub-Saharan Africa (24%), and about one-in-eight is found in Asia and the Pacific (13%).
The number of Christians around the world has nearly quadrupled in the last 100 years, from about 600 million in 1910 to more than 2 billion in 2010. But the world’s overall population also has risen rapidly, from an estimated 1.8 billion in 1910 to 6.9 billion in 2010. As a result, Christians make up about the same portion of the world’s population today (32%) as they did a century ago (35%).
This apparent stability, however, masks a momentous shift. Although Europe and the Americas still are home to a majority of the world’s Christians (63%), that share is much lower than it was in 1910 (93%). And the proportion of Europeans and Americans who are Christian has dropped from 95% in 1910 to 76% in 2010 in Europe as a whole, and from 96% to 86% in the Americas as a whole.
At the same time, Christianity has grown enormously in sub-Saharan Africa and the Asia-Pacific region, where there were relatively few Christians at the beginning of the 20th century. The share of the population that is Christian in sub-Saharan Africa climbed from 9% in 1910 to 63% in 2010, while in the Asia-Pacific region it rose from 3% to 7%. Christianity today – unlike a century ago – is truly a global faith. (See world maps weighted by Christian population in 1910 and 2010.)
These are some of the key findings of Global Christianity: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World’s Christian Population, a new study by the Pew Research Center’s Forum on Religion & Public Life.
The study is based primarily on a country-by-country analysis of about 2,400 data sources, including censuses and nationally representative population surveys. For some countries, such as China, the Pew Forum’s estimates also take into account statistics from church groups, government reports and other sources. (See Appendix C [PDF] for more details on the range of estimates available for China.)
Christians are diverse theologically as well as geographically, the new study finds. About half are Catholic. Protestants, broadly defined, make up 37%. Orthodox Christians comprise 12% of Christians worldwide. Other Christians, such as Mormons and Jehovah’s Witnesses, make up the remaining 1% of the global Christian population. (See Defining Christian Traditions.)
Taken as a whole, however, Christians are by far the world’s largest religious group. Muslims, the second-largest group, make up a little less than a quarter of the world’s population, according to previous studies by the Pew Forum.3
Almost half (48%) of all Christians live in the 10 countries with the largest number of Christians. Three of the top 10 countries are in the Americas (the United States, Brazil and Mexico). Two are in Europe (Russia and Germany), two are in the Asia-Pacific region (the Philippines and China), and three are in sub-Saharan Africa (Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Ethiopia), reflecting Christianity’s global reach.
Clearly, Christianity has spread far from its historical origins. For example:
- Though Christianity began in the Middle East-North Africa, today that region has both the lowest concentration of Christians (about 4% of the region’s population) and the smallest number of Christians (about 13 million) of any major geographic region.
- Indonesia, a Muslim-majority country, is home to more Christians than all 20 countries in the Middle East-North Africa region combined.
- Nigeria now has more than twice as many Protestants (broadly defined to include Anglicans and independent churches) as Germany, the birthplace of the Protestant Reformation.
- Brazil has more than twice as many Catholics as Italy.
- Although Christians comprise just under a third of the world’s people, they form a majority of the population in 158 countries and territories, about two-thirds of all the countries and territories in the world.
- About 90% of Christians live in countries where Christians are in the majority; only about 10% of Christians worldwide live as minorities.
Global Distribution of Christians
So where are the bulk of the world’s Christians today? The Pew Forum study suggests at least four possible answers, depending on how one divides up the world:
The Global South
In recent years, a number of scholarly books and articles have discussed the rapid growth of Christianity in the developing countries of the “Global South” – especially Africa, Asia and Latin America – and debated whether the influence of Christians in the “Global North” is waning, or not.4 A century ago, the Global North (commonly defined as North America, Europe, Australia, Japan and New Zealand) contained more than four times as many Christians as the Global South (the rest of the world).5 Today, the Pew Forum study finds, more than 1.3 billion Christians live in the Global South (61%), compared with about 860 million in the Global North (39%).
The Global North
But even though Christians are more numerous in the Global South, the concentration of Christians is much higher in the Global North, where 69% of the population is Christian. By contrast, 24% of the people living in the Global South are Christian. This reflects the fact that the total population of the Global South is about 4.5 times greater than the population of the Global North.
Another way of looking at the distribution of Christians around the world is by region. Numerically, at least, Europe no longer dominates global Christianity the way it did 100 years ago. Rather, the bulk of Christians are in:
Of the world’s five major geographic regions, the Americas have both the largest number and the highest proportion of Christians. More than a third of Christians worldwide (37%) live in the Americas, where nearly nine-in-ten people (86%) are Christian. The three countries with the largest Christian populations – the United States, Brazil and Mexico – are in the Americas. Together, these three countries alone account for nearly one in every four Christians in the world (24%), about the same proportion as the whole of Europe (26%) and all of sub-Saharan Africa (24%). Although Christians make up a smaller portion of the 2010 population in the Americas (86%) than they did in 1910 (96%), the Americas account for a higher share of the world’s Christians (37%, up from 27% in 1910).6
Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia-Pacific
But sub-Saharan Africa and the Asia-Pacific region now have a combined population of about 800 million Christians, roughly the same as the Americas. And five of the top 10 countries with the largest Christian populations are either in Africa (Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Ethiopia) or Asia (Philippines and China). Moreover, the fastest growth in the number of Christians over the past century has been in sub-Saharan Africa (a roughly 60-fold increase, from fewer than 9 million in 1910 to more than 516 million in 2010) and in the Asia-Pacific region (a roughly 10-fold increase, from about 28 million in 1910 to more than 285 million in 2010).
How Estimates Were Generated
The Pew Forum, in consultation with demographers at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) in Laxenburg, Austria, acquired and analyzed about 2,400 data sources, including censuses and general population surveys, to arrive at Christian population figures for 232 countries and self-administering territories – all the countries and territories for which the United Nations Population Division provides overall population estimates. (See Appendix A [PDF] for a more detailed explanation of how the estimates were made; see Appendix D [PDF] for a list of data sources by country.)
In many countries, however, censuses and surveys do not contain detailed information on denominational and religious movement affiliations. Christian organizations remain in many cases the only source of information on the size of global movements within Christianity (such as evangelicalism and pentecostalism) and on Protestant denominational families (such as Baptists and Methodists). The figures in this report on pentecostal, charismatic and evangelical Christians and on Protestant denominational families were commissioned by the Pew Forum from the Center for the Study of Global Christianity at Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary in South Hamilton, Mass., whose researchers generated estimates based in large part on figures provided by Christian organizations around the world. Readers should bear in mind that these breakdowns were derived differently from the overall Christian population estimates.
According to the Center for the Study of Global Christianity, there are about 279 million pentecostal Christians and 305 million charismatic Christians worldwide. (Charismatic Christians belong to non-pentecostal denominations yet engage in spiritual practices associated with pentecostalism, such as speaking in tongues and divine healing; see Defining Christian Movements.)
In addition, more than 285 million Christians can be classified as evangelicals because they either belong to churches affiliated with regional or global evangelical associations, or because they identify as evangelicals. Since many pentecostals and charismatics are also evangelicals, these categories are not mutually exclusive. (For more details, see Christian Movements and Denominations.)
2 Historical figures throughout the executive summary are courtesy of Todd M. Johnson of the Center for the Study of Global Christianity at Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary in South Hamilton, Mass. Johnson is co-editor of the Atlas of Global Christianity, Edinburgh University Press, 2009. (return to text)
3 As of 2010, there were about 1.6 billion Muslims worldwide, representing 23.4% of the global population. For more details, see the Pew Research Center’s Forum on Religion & Public Life, The Future of the Global Muslim Population: Projections for 2010-2030, January 2011, and Pew Research Center’s Forum on Religion & Public Life, Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World’s Muslim Population, October 2009. As noted in the preface of this report, the Pew Forum is gradually compiling baseline population estimates and projecting future growth rates for the world’s major faiths. (return to text)
4 See, for example, Philip Jenkins, The Next Christendom: The Coming of Global Christianity, Oxford University Press, 2002; Robert Wuthnow, Boundless Faith: The Global Outreach of American Churches, University of California Press, 2009; and Mark A. Noll, The New Shape of World Christianity: How American Experience Reflects Global Faith, InterVarsity Press, 2009. (return to text)
5 This common definition of Global North and Global South is not a simple geographic division of the world into Northern and Southern hemispheres. Rather, it takes into account levels of economic development as well as geography. Figures for 1910 are from a Pew Forum analysis of data from the Center for the Study of Global Christianity. (return to text)
6 Figures for 1910 are from a Pew Forum analysis of data from the Center for the Study of Global Christianity. (return to text) | <urn:uuid:b9a865fe-e49d-4eea-be2e-f82c0abed647> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.pewforum.org/2011/12/19/global-christianity-exec/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00336-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.921287 | 2,502 | 2.640625 | 3 |
ARM, a Cambridge, England-based company that licenses microprocessor-related technologies, says the total number of processors that use ARM technology now exceeds 10 billion. The first ARM chip shipped back in 1991. The ARM-based chips are in every hot device: the Nokia N95, iPods, the iPhone, TomTom portable GPS systems, even the Nintendo DS. They surely have come a long way, and have benefited from the mobile revolution in a big way. I used to follow this company pretty closely, and once wrote about the race between ARM and MIPS for Forbes.com. ARM has clearly outperformed MIPS over the past decade. | <urn:uuid:31fefc89-3da1-4e01-95ab-eab8c070ffb3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://om.co/gigaom/arm-10-billion-served/?replytocom=75148 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.936717 | 131 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Confession is an admission by a person charged
In legal parlance, a confession is defined as “a criminal suspect’s acknowledgment of guilt, usually in writing and often including details of the crime" . The Indian Evidence Act, 1872 which lays down the substantive law on confessions does not define the term ‘confession’, but distinguishes it from ‘admissions’. The Act, in ss. 17-31, deals with admissions generally, but in ss. 24-30, talks about confessions specifically. Thus, scholars on the subject are of the opinion that while all confessions are admissions, all admissions are not confessions.
Case law defines ‘confession’ as an admission made at any time by a person charges with a crime, stating or suggesting the inference that he committed that crime. From this, one may conclude that a confessional statement includes not only admission of the offence, but also admissions of substantially all incriminating facts which constitute the offence. Further, one may also infer that ‘confession’ refers to an admission made in criminal matters only.
Simple logic tells us that once a person admits that he committed the crime, he would be found guilty by the Court and punished accordingly. However, there have often arisen certain circumstances that question the veracity or reliability of a confession. The substantive law on confessions, given in ss.24-30 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872, has foreseen some of these situations and determines the admissibility of evidence in these cases. S.24 lays down that a confession given involuntarily or unwillingly, such as when obtained by inducement, threat or promise, will be irrelevant in a criminal proceeding, but, according to s.28, a confession made once the duress is removed will be relevant. Further, a confession made to a police officer (s.25), or while in police custody (s.26), shall be inadmissible, unless it is made in the presence of a Magistrate. If supported by the discovery of a fact, a confession may be presumed to be true and not extracted to the extent of that fact (27). Moreover, s.29 provides that a confession otherwise relevant, does not become irrelevant merely because of a promise of secrecy, or any other conditions given in s.29. Lastly, as per s.30, confession by one accused, implicating his co-accused, is considered to be a confession by the co-accused too.
It must be noted that textbooks have divided confessions into two classes: judicial and extra-judicial. Judicial confessions are those which are made before a Magistrate or the Court in the course of judicial proceedings. Extra-judicial confessions are those made by a party elsewhere, i.e. not before a Magistrate or a Court. The present paper attempts to undertake a critical study of ten Supreme Court cases, where confessions-judicial and extra-judicial were either relied upon or rejected and analyze the reasons behind the same. For this purpose, the paper, after introducing the subject, will present an analysis of the ten Supreme Court cases regarding confessions and finally, attempt to present a coherent picture of Indian jurisprudence on the admissibility of confessions.
There exists a fairly large body of Supreme Court decisions wherein confessions—judicial or extra-judicial—were considered, but either relied upon or rejected by the Court. This segment contains a critical study of ten such decisions of the Supreme Court, three of which consider judicial confessions and the remainder, extra-judicial confessions and has been divided into two parts respectively.
As defined earlier, extra-judicial confessions are those confessions that are made by the accused, not in presence of a Judicial Magistrate or in Court, in the course of proceedings, but elsewhere. As a result, courts have often considered extra-judicial confessions to be a weak piece of evidence. A number of questions then arise: should the Court admit such evidence? Can the Court convict the accused based on this evidence? Does it require corroboration in order to be relied upon? The following seven cases answer the above questions and settle some more points:
State of A.P. v. Kanda Gopaludu (2006)
This case highlights the legal point that even though it is a weak piece of evidence, if an extra-judicial confession is true and is voluntarily made, it may be relied upon to convict the accused.
In the instant case, the accused, after having allegedly committed murder, went to the house of the village Sarpanch and confessed, before him and two others. An FIR was then lodged by the Sarpanch while the accused waited at his place, and from there, the accused was subsequently arrested and charged under s.302, IPC. Given the confession and prosecution’s reasoning showing the chain if circumstances pointed to the guilt of the accused, the trial court convicted him. On appeal, the High Court acquitted the accused on the ground that the Sarpanch and the others, before whom the accused made his confession, strangers and there was no reason for the respondent to make any confession before them. As a result, the High Court disregarded the confession as being hit by s.24 of the Evidence Act.
The Supreme Court, after going over a lengthy cross-examination of the Sarpanch and the two others, was of the view that there was no suggestion that the confession was “tainted and no-voluntary or that it was obtained by coercion, inducement or promise or favour." Citing previous judgments on the issue, the Court stated that, “an extra-judicial confession, if true and voluntary, can be relied upon by the court to convict the accused for the alleged crime."
State of Rajasthan v. Kashi Ram (2006)
This case shows us that the Supreme Court has viewed extra-judicial confessions as being a weak piece of evidence. It has held that though it is possible to base a conviction on an extra-judicial confession, the confessional evidence must be proved like any other fact and the value thereof depends upon the veracity of the witnesses to whom it was made.
In this case, Kashi Ram was accused of having murdered his wife and two daughters. While convicting the accused, the trial court, among other things such as the recovery of the weapon following a statement of the accused under s.27, relied upon the extra-judicial confession said to have been made by the respondent to two people, who became Prosecution Witnesses (PW) 3 and 4. On appeal, the High Court reversed the conviction on the ground that the circumstantial evidence relied upon by the prosecution was not strong enough to sustain the conviction of the Respondent. Moreover, it doubted the veracity of the confession since neither PW-3 nor PW-4 was known to the accused, nor was either of them a Sarpanch or ward member and therefore there was no reason for the accused to repose any confidence in them. The Supreme Court, having regarded these facts and circumstances, was of the opinion that the veracity of the witnesses was questionable and following the principle of law given above, agreed with the High Court and rejected the extra-judicial confession before PW-3 and PW-4, although it ultimately convicted the accused.
Surinder Kumar v. State of Punjab (1999)
Though an earlier case, this case illustrates the point made by the Supreme Court in Kashi Ram, and shows us that the Court has largely recognized the need to test and prove the veracity of the witness to whom an extra-judicial confession has been made.
The facts of the case are as follows: It was alleged that within a week of the murder of one Vijay Pal, a veterinary doctor, the four accused met Shangara Singh (PW-6), the Chairman of the Market Committee and confessed that they had committed the murder. However the accused, during their trial, denied the accusation and stipulated that they were in fact in police custody on the date the confession was allegedly made. In the absence of any other incriminating evidence, the prosecution’s case rested on the evidence adduced to the alleged confession. Accepting this evidence, the trial court convicted two of the accused (the other two having passed away since) and on appeal, the High Court convicted the appellant, but acquitted his brother.
The Supreme Court, after going through the evidence on record, rejected the extra-judicial confession. Since PW-6 was the only one who testified about it, the Court found it improbably that all four accused should “be seized, at the same time, by a mood to approach PW-6 and make a joint confession", especially given the fact that none of them had any significant connection or relationship to him. The confession being thus, suspicious, improbable and uncorroborated, was rejected by the Court. Following the lack of any other evidence, the Court acquitted the appellant.
Maghar Singh v. State of Punjab (1975)
Being a weaker type of evidence than judicial confessions and thereby, requiring poof just like any other piece of evidence (refer Surinder Kumar and Kashi Ram), do extra-judicial confessions need to be corroborated? The Supreme Court gave a clear answer in this case.
The facts of the case are as follows: The accused, along with one Baldev Singh (who later turned approver) and one Smt. Surjit Kaur, killed the husband of Smt. Surjit Kaur since he objected to the illicit relationship between the accused and Smt. Kaur. The accused confessed to his guilt to the Sarpanch and another person. On appeal to the Supreme Court, the appellant argued on the point of the extra-judicial confession, that the statements by the two witnesses were tainted and therefore, neither one could be used to corroborate the other.
On the need for corroboration of extra-judicial confessions, the Court held that if it believes the witnesses before whom the confession is made and is satisfied that the confession is voluntary, then the conviction can be founded upon such evidence alone. Finding that the evidence furnished by the extra-judicial confession made by the accused to the witnesses was not tainted, the Court was of the opinion that if corroboration was required it was only by way of ‘abundant caution’. Thus, the Court, inter-alia, relied upon the confession in order to affirm the order of conviction of the appellant.
Kishore Chand v. State of H.P (1990)
This case illustrates the operation of s.25 and s.26 as a bar on extra-judicial confessions. It also illustrates a situation wherein a confession was rejected for lack of corroboration.
In the present case, the accused was charged, along with two others who did not file an appeal, under s.302 and s.201 of the IPC. On the basis of the evidence against him, the accused was held, convicted. This evidence, inter-alia, consisted of an extra-judicial confession made by the accused to the Pradhan who had accompanied the police officer when the accused had been identified as the last person seen with the deceased. The Court found it hard to believe that the police officer, once having identified the accused as the last person seen with the deceased, would have just left him and not take him into custody. Thus, the Court concluded that the officer, with a view to avoid s.25 and s.26, created an artificial scenario of his leaving and thereby, kept the accused in the custody of the Pradhan to obtain the extra-judicial confession. Moreover, the other person to whom it was made, was not examined to corroborate the testimony of the Pradhan. Finding thus, that the extra-judicial confession was made while in custody and without the presence of a Magistrate, the Court rejected it, and ultimately, allowed the appeal.
Aghnoo Nagesia v. State of Bihar (1966)
This case explores in detail, the body of law regarding confessions. It also illustrates how s.27 operates.
The accused was charged under s.302, IPC for the murder of four persons. His conviction and death sentence was confirmed by the High Court of Patna and the case came up before the Supreme Court by way of special leave. In this case, the FIR was lodged by the appellant himself, whereupon the officer-in-charge took immediate cognizance and arrested the appellant. Later, in the company of the appellant and another witness, the police officer went to the scene of the crime and as per the appellant’s directions, recovered the bodies of the murdered persons and other incriminating items. It was argued on behalf of the appellant that the entire statement was a confession made to a police officer by the accused and therefore attracted the bar of s.25.
The Supreme Court discussed the law on confessions and decided against the appellant. It reasoned that the FIR (dealt with under s.154, CrPC) is not substantive evidence and if given by the accused himself, is admissible under s.8 of the Evidence Act. Further, if it is a non-confessional statement, it is admissible under s.27 of the Evidence Act. The Court however, was of the opinion that the entire confessional statement was hit by s.25, save the portions that came within the purview of s.27 . Thus, some portions of the evidence were admitted, although ultimately, they were found insufficient to convict the accused.
State of UP v. Boota Singh (1978)
This case details the jurisprudence on a retracted extra-judicial confession. Does a retraction negate the confession altogether?
In this case, the three accused were convicted and sentenced under s.302 read with s.34 of the IPC. The Respondent, Boota Singh, one of the accused, had been interrogated two months before the confession was made. Immediately after making the confession, the respondent was sent to jail. From this, the High Court opined that a reasonable inference could be drawn that the police had used ‘third degree methods’ to obtain the confession. However, the Supreme Court found that no such methods had been used and the confession had been freely given. The Court held that the testimony of the witness and an entry in the relevant registers stating that there were no injuries on the person of Boota Singh at the time he entered the prison was proof that the confession had been voluntarily given. The Supreme Court also rejected the committing Magistrate’s report that Boota Singh had been beaten to obtain the confession.
However, Boota Singh retracted his confession when he claimed that his signature had been taken on a blank piece of paper and this had been converted into a confession. The Court noted that since the confession had been retracted, it could be considered only if it was substantially corroborated by independent circumstances. It was not necessary that each and every part of the confession be corroborated, but the confession in general must be. Following this principle, the Court concluded that the circumstances proved by the prosecution completely corroborated of the confession. On this ground, and on additional evidence against the respondent, the Supreme Court affirmed the conviction.
As stated earlier, judicial confessions are those confessions which are made before a Magistrate or a Court in the course of judicial proceedings. Judicial confessions are considered as a stronger piece of evidence than extra-judicial ones and can be relied upon as proof of guilt against the accused person if it appears to the Court to be voluntary and true and the person to whom such confession has been made need not be called as witness to prove it.
State of Maharashtra v. Damu Gopinath Shinde (2000)
This case shows us that even in the case of a judicial confession, the confession must be given voluntarily by the accused.
In the instant case, the four accused were charged with the abduction and killing of three infants and the abduction of a fourth. The Division Bench was suspicious of the judicial confession given by one of the accused since he had been in police custody for a considerable period of time, and therefore, sidelined it. The Supreme Court, on the other hand opined that in reality, the accused had been moved from police custody to judicial custody about a month before the confession and the close geographical proximity of the two buildings to one another could not be considered as a ground to infer that the police were exercising control over the detainee. Following this reasoning, the Court accepted the confession and convicted the accused.
Preetam v. State of Madhya Pradesh (1996)
When a judicial confession is made, the Magistrate must comply with the provisions laid down in s.164 of the CrPC, which ensures the truthfulness and veracity of the statement. If these provisions are not properly complied with, the Supreme Court rejects the confession on the ground that its veracity cannot be determined.
In this case, the appellant and his brother were on trial for the murder of one Chitta, and for the removal of ornaments from his person. The trial court acquitted the accused, and on appeal, the High Court dismissed the appeal insofar as it related to the brother, but convicted the appellant. Among other things, the prosecution rested its case on the judicial confession of the appellant. The High Court had found the confession to be voluntary and true as it believed that the evidence corroborated the confession. The Supreme Court, after reviewing the actions of the Magistrate leading upto the confession, was of the view that it had been recorded in utter disregard of the statutory provisions of s.164(2) of the CrPC, which outlines the procedure to be adopted by a Judicial Magistrate when the accused is making his confession. In this instance, the Magistarte had cautioned the accused as required, i.e, he had informed him that he was not required to make a confession and that if he did, it could be used against him. However, he failed to ask the accused the questions necessary to determine whether the confession was being made freely. Thereby unable to hold the confession as a valid piece of evidence, the Court acquitted the accused.
Ammini v. State of Kerela
Finally, we have seen that the Court prefers a judicial statement to be voluntary and true, but what happens in the event of discrepancies in judicial confession—does it become inadmissible?
In the instant case, the four accused were charged under s.302 read with s.34 of the IPC, for the murder of one Merli and her two little children. With regard to the issue on the confession made by one of the accused before a Judicial Magistrate, the trial court had held that it was neither voluntary nor true since, inter-alia, there existed some discrepancies between the confession as recorded by the Judicial Magistrate and what was recorded with respect to it by the Investigating Officer in his case diary. The High Court and Supreme Court, on the other hand, opined that in comparing the confession with the record of it in the case diary, the trial court had made an error because it was difficult for the trial court to appreciate the circumstance in which the Judicial Magistrate had started recording the confession. Furthermore, the Supreme Court also held that the confession could be used against the co-accused. Finally, the Court convicted the accused.
Analysis and Conclusion
From the cases studies above, it can be concluded that where the accused made an extra-judicial confession, the Supreme Court considered it as a weak form of evidence and was of the view that if a conviction is to be based on an extra-judicial confession, the confessional evidence must be proved like any other fact. Further, the value of such evidence depends upon the veracity of the witnesses to whom it was made. It is vital that the confession be true and be made voluntarily. With respect to the need for corroboration, the Court, in Maghar Singh and Kishore Chand held that if it believes the witnesses before whom the confession is made and is satisfied that the confession is voluntary, then the conviction can be founded upon such evidence alone. Thus, corroboration is not essential in all circumstances even though the evidence is weak. Indeed, while Maghar Singh illustrates a situation wherein the Court considered the corroboration to be unnecessary given the large amount of incriminating evidence against the accused and would have convicted him even without it, Kishore Chand talks about the opposite situation, where in the confession was rejected for lack of corroboration, and eventually acquitted the accused. In the case of Surinder Kumar also, the Court rejected the confession for lack of corroboration. However, as Aghnoo Nagesia demonstrates, this is subject to ss.25-27 which, together, say that a confession made to a police officer or while in police custody cannot be proved against the accused, unless certain parts of it are corroborated by independent circumstances. Thus, in such circumstances, corroboration is essential for admissibility. Furthermore, Boota Singh holds that if an extra-judicial confession is retracted, it must be generally corroborated.
Despite it being stronger evidence than extra-judicial confessions, all cases on judicial confessions also hold that it must be true and voluntarily made. Further, the Magistrate must follow the procedure laid down in s.164, CrPC to ensure that the confession is being voluntarily given. If this is not followed then, as happened in Preetam v. State of Madhya Pradesh, the Court will be forced to reject the confession. The case of Ammini v. State of Kerela is an example of other situations, not foreseen by the Evidence Act, where the Supreme Court relied upon a judicial confession and the lower court rejected it.
A number of other conclusions may also be inferred from the cases mentioned above. The Supreme Court has often placed confidence on the evidence of a Sarpanch as witness to an extra-judicial confession. In Kashi Ram and Kanda Gopaludu (both judgments delivered in 2006), the Court stated that if the witness is a Sarpanch, then there exists reason for the accused to have reposed faith and confidence in him, and thus, the confession may be relied upon. Ammini v. State of Kerela is also an illustration of the operation of s.30, in that the Supreme Court used the confession of one accused against the other three in order to convict them.
Thus, even though the Supreme Court has always looked upon extra-judicial confessions as being weaker than judicial confessions, it has, due to a variety of circumstances, often rejected judicial confessions and often relied upon extra-judicial confessions. Whether or not the Supreme Court will reject or rely upon a particular confession depends on the individual facts surrounding the case, and the events that preceded the recording of the confession. | <urn:uuid:5703fc76-c8c8-4ce1-a6e2-e74762accf6b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.lawteacher.net/free-law-essays/criminology/confession-is-an-admission-by-a-person-charged-law-essay.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00476-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973975 | 4,691 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Mentha piperita is one of the most popular medicinal herbs. Mentha name comes from Greek mythology. A nymph named Mintha was punished by Zeus and turned into a flower. Nymphs, in ancient drawings, often appear wearing wreaths of mint, symbol of love. The active ingredient contained by plant, is the menthol. The infusion obtained from this plant is used often in treating the following diseases: improve memory, nervousness, gastrointestinal infections, abdominal bloating, diarrhea, biliary dyskinesia, kidney stones, bladder calculus, diuretic, detoxifying.
The image was created with a Nikon D40X camera and Nikon 55-200mm VR AF-S f/4-5.6G ED lens, using these settings: exposure time – 1/250 seconds, focal length – 75 mm, ISO – 200, F- number – 4,0. | <urn:uuid:38e881c8-9313-496a-9cd7-01e4455ef3a5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://freebigpictures.com/plants-pictures/mentha-piperita/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00126-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.92781 | 185 | 2.203125 | 2 |
Biologics are large, complex molecules developed by pharmaceutical companies using a unique manufacturing process. Biosimilars are medicines with similar structures developed after biologic exclusivity periods expire.
Lilly believes biosimilars can greatly benefit patients as long as they are getting the medicines their doctor intended. Lilly also supports safe, reasonable regulations reflecting the uniqueness of biologics with patient safety at the forefront.
We can ensure these regulations are upheld by:
Making science-based decisions.
- Clinical evidence must be at the foundation of all decisions.
- Science-based regulatory reviews should determine if biosimilars meet interchangeability standards.
Keeping the final decision with the doctor.
- Patients should receive the medicines their doctor prescribes.
- Only interchangeable biosimilars should be eligible for automatic substitution by pharmacies.
Monitoring patient safety.
- Small differences in biological medicines’ manufacturing processes can cause difficult-to-predict changes in safety and efficacy.
- Countries with insufficient regulatory standards produce products that pose a risk to patient safety and should not be considered as a "biosimilar."
Guaranteeing identification and traceability.
- Biologics and biosimilars should have unique, differentiating names.
- Strong laws for data exclusivity and patent procurement strike the balance between patient access and innovation of new medicines.
Read more about Lilly’s position on biosimilars. | <urn:uuid:57a2f4e9-4cf3-44c2-9089-b3a14686eeab> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.lilly.com/who-we-are/key-issues/biosimilars | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00407-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.876876 | 288 | 2.65625 | 3 |
What is an SSL certificate? / SSL certificate: A Complete Insight
8 min read•
With such increased online activities, the threat to crucial data you share has seen severe consequences, ranging from fraudulent financial transactions, online identity theft, etc. Moreover, with the heightened use of technology, cyber-attacks have also become more complex and challenging.
No doubt, the data security awareness among internet users has grown multifold. If you are a website owner or a blogger, it becomes your prime responsibility to protect your user’s sensitive data and privacy from the evil intentions of cybercriminals.
Here, SSL Certificate plays the most effective and crucial role in hardening the security of your website. So, let us first try to understand the very basics of SSL.
What is SSL?
Secure Socket Layer (SSL) is a security protocol that provides encryption for data in transit on the Internet and authenticates the webserver. When you submit any sensitive information, SSL encrypts your data to ensure it is fully protected and secure and can only be understood by the intended recipient. SSL certificate is a digital certificate issued by Certificate Authorities to the websites, which ensures all the information exchanged between the user’s web browser and the webserver is encrypted. SSL certificate thus protects your data from malicious attempts to steal or corrupt it, such as eavesdropping, man-in-the-middle attacks.
Once the SSL Certificate is installed, the website protocol shifts from HTTP to secured HTTPS. In addition, a visual symbol of trust, a padlock, is added to the URL of your website, as seen in the above image. This assures visitors that they are communicating with a secure connection. SSL Certificate adds to the website’s user experience and helps improve its ranking on the Google Search Engine Result Pages. It also verifies the authenticity of the website. But how can you check all this information?
How Can You Reach The Information that an SSL certificate contains?
You can check the SSL Certificate information by clicking on the padlock before the URL of the website in the address bar. It also contains information regarding the identity of the website. Following are the essential contents of the SSL Certificate:
- ‘Domain name’ for which the certificate was issued
- The organization, person, or device to which it was issued
- Name of the Certificate Authority issuing it
- Digital signature of the issuing CA
- The subdomains associated with it
- Date of issuing of the certificate
- Date of expiry of the certificate
The web browser communicates with the web server and uses this data file to verify the identity of the website and the status of the SSL Certificate.
How do SSL Certificates Work to Protect User Data and Privacy?
After an SSL Certificate is installed on your web server, it is provided with a distinguished digital identification number in the form of a public and a private security key used for the server’s authentication. These keys are nothing but a long string of arbitrarily generated numbers. It also enables the server to encrypt and decrypt the sensitive information exchanged between the user and server.
- When a visitor accesses your website, the user web browser tries to verify the validity of the SSL Certificate of your website as well as authentication of your server through a process known as Handshake.
- The web server then sends a copy of its SSL Certificate along with the server’s public key.
- The browser checks the SSL Certificate root against a list of trusted CAs, its date of expiry, and its authenticity.
- Once the browser is assured that the SSL Certificate is valid and that your server is authenticated, it indicates this to the webserver.
- Henceforth, a digitally signed acknowledgment is sent back to the browser to establish a safe encrypted path for information transfer between the web server and the user.
- If the browser finds out that your SSL Certificate is not valid, an error message “Your connection is not private” is displayed to the user, and this causes your visitor to leave your website immediately.
According to your security requirements and budgets, you can buy SSL certificates from various choices available with many reputed Certificate Authorities (CAs) on the Internet. So, even if you have a small budget, it is crucial to secure your website with a valid, cheap SSL Certificate to win user trust and protect your brand’s reputation. Let us thus try to decipher the different types of SSL Certificates available.
Types of SSL certificates
Various Validation Levels
The Certificate Authority(CA) issues various SSL Certificates depending upon the different validation level requirements. As such, the SSL Certificates can be classified based on these different validation level procedures as follows:
Domain Validation (DV) SSL Certificate
DV SSL Certificate is the basic, ground-level certificate issued after carrying out a simple verification process by the CA. The only proof of ownership of the domain needs to be submitted to the CA. The DV SSL Certificate enjoys the least time of issuance as the verification process involved is very simple, with almost no documentation required. So, it takes minimum time to be issued among all other types available in the SSL market. DV SSL certificates are popularly used by small websites that do not handle financial transactions or user’s sensitive data. They are the cheapest option available and are also popularly used to secure blogs.
Organization Validation (OV) SSL Certificate
The CA issues OV SSL Certificate only after carrying out domain verification and verifying the authenticity of the owner company. The OV SSL Certificate displays the company’s identity information and can be seen by accessing the information on the certificate. Details of the company are present in the ‘Subject Tab’ as shown in the example below,
Medium-sized organizations more popularly use OV SSL Certificate, and its issuance time is more than DV SSL Certificate. As more time is taken by the process of verification of the certificate owner company, it is more expensive than DV SSL Certificate.
Extended Validation (EV) SSL Certificate
The EV SSL Certificate is associated with the highest degree of trust and reputation. The EV SSL Certificate is issued to the organization only after following vigorous. Very strict and thorough background verification is part of the validation procedure followed for issuing, such as its address, current operational status, legal status, etc. Hence, this SSL Certificate takes the longest time to be issued and is much costlier than DV and OV SSL Certificates. The company’s name is displayed in the address bar and hence can be verified. The visual symbols of trust, site seals displayed on the website add to the user’s trust. EV SSL Certificates find widespread use in banks, big financial institutions, e-commerce websites, etc.
Different Number Of Domains/Subdomains
Another factor that becomes the deciding factor for securing your website with different types of SSL Certificate is the number of domains and subdomains that need to be secured, and they are as follows:
A single domain SSL Certificate secures one domain or subdomain for your website. It is valid for both the www and non-www variations of the domain.
For securing multiple domains and subdomains, buying a cost-effective Wildcard SSL Certificate or Multiple-Domain Certificate gives a better return on investment and better time management, instead of using a single-domain certificate for every multiple domain and subdomains.
A Wildcard SSL Certificate safeguards the main root domain and all the subdomains one step below the root domain with just a single certificate. Wildcard Certificates use a common name of the format *.example.com, so it will secure the multiple subdomains as shown above in the image like dev.example.com, mail.example.com, etc., with a single certificate. If budget is a concern, it is recommended to buy and install a wildcard SSL certificate that will afford the same encryption levels as the more expensive ones.
Multi-domain/SAN SSL Certificate
A Multi-domain or SAN(Subject Alternative Name) SSL Certificate secures multiple domains/ subdomains with just a single certificate. You can add and modify the Subject Alternative Name field and protects multiple names in between various domains and subdomains with great ease. For example, with just a single Multiple-domain(SAN) SSL Certificate, you can secure all of the following domains as seen in the image: www.anydomain.org , www.example.com , etc.
Unified Communications Certificate (UCC)
Unified Communications Certificates (UCC) are nothing but Multi-Domain SSL certificates that were earlier designed to secure Microsoft Exchange and Live Communications servers. Now, it is used to secure any multiple domain names with just a single certificate. UCC Certificates have organization validation and can also be used as EV SSL certificates offering the highest degree of trust and security to its users.
In conclusion, we can say that to win user trust and take your online business or blog to new heights of success, paying attention to the security of your user’s data is of utmost importance. There is no better way to achieve this than by securing your website or blog with a cheap SSL that helps you target your security needs and budget.
About the authors
Jason Parms is the customer service manager at SSL2BUY Inc. His key responsibility is maintaining customer happiness by providing help desk resources and technical guidance, resolution for customer troubles, detecting and diagnosing network problems and managing staff. As a part of the online security industry, He is always updating knowledge by contributing to cybersecurity events, reading information security publications, maintaining personal networks, examine information and applications, participate in security surveys. | <urn:uuid:69b9c755-1723-4ba6-817b-a5ceef7bc9b4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://linuxize.com/post/what-is-an-ssl-certificate/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.914118 | 2,010 | 3.328125 | 3 |
Grade 3 Honors Math
Instructional time should focus on four critical areas:
- developing understanding of multiplication and division and strategies for multiplication and division within 100;
- developing understanding of fractions, especially unit fractions (fractions with numerator 1);
- developing understanding of the structure of rectangular arrays and of area; and
- describing and analyzing two-dimensional shapes
Mathematical Practice Standards
- Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them.
- Reason abstractly and quantitatively.
- Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others.
- Model with mathematics.
- Use appropriate tools strategically.
- Attend to precision.
- Look for and make use of structure
- Look for and express regularity in repeated reasoning. | <urn:uuid:7c6b80d9-0617-4ef4-8460-4a76a64e5a37> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.naperville203.org/Page/4096 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00070.warc.gz | en | 0.815066 | 160 | 3.671875 | 4 |
Why is sitting painful?
If sitting creates back discomfort, you have a highly sensitized back, or tissue damage, or both. Avoiding this pain trigger will reduce the pain sensitivity. Avoidance of the pain triggers is part of the documented strategy to de-sensitize back pain throughout the day as evidenced in Back Mechanic.
Sitting causes the low back to flex which is normally not an issue. But modern life has increased sitting time at work, on the road, and at home. Soon sitting at the computer becomes uncomfortable. We call this the flexion intolerant back. Specific low back tissues become stressed and sensitized, in particular the spine discs and ligaments. Sitting upright to restore the natural curves to the spine relieves this stress. But it “costs” in terms of muscle work resulting in those muscles to tire and allow the spine to slouch. This increases disc and ligament stress. Reducing stresses in the back associated with sitting not only makes sitting more comfortable, but it helps build more capacity for pain-free movement throughout the day.
The objective is make sitting a dynamic activity with frequent posture change and support the natural curve of the low back.
Reduce the pain. Make sitting a dynamic task.
The ideal sitting posture is one that continually changes. The EmbraceAIR and LumbAIR dynamic sitting supports (shown below) use the latest science to ensure minimal stress on the low back tissues, and to provide for posture change. Using an inflatable bladder the user increases or decreases the lumbar support. This measurably reduces stress. The inflation/deflation pump facilitates easy pressure change to create regular posture change. (Evidence and explanations are in Dr. McGill’s textbooks). Static back rests simply cannot provide these advantages.
Even with the dynamic sitting supports, those who have back pain exacerbated from sitting generally are able to reduce disc annulus stresses with the following exercise (shown in picture, source: Back Mechanic ). Stand up out of the chair, reach for the ceiling, then push for the ceiling with the hands, then fully and deeply inhale. This process should take about half a minute. Gentle and progressive extension of the lumbar spine is achieved dispelling the accumulated stresses.
Will the supports help you? – Take the test
Take the test to see if the sitting support is for you: Sit in a chair with a firm seat pan and back rest. Place your hands between your low back and the back of the chair. Adjust your hands to assess if pain is reduced and comfort has increased. If comfort is increased then the adjustable supports will help you.
For use at work, in the car, watching TV...
The LumbAir was designed to be portable for use at work, in the car, and on airplanes. In fact we did a study of airline seats noting the absence of lumbar support, and how the LumbAir measurably reduces spinal disc stress. The EmbraceAir was designed to provide more support for watching TV, and in helping those with shorter thighs to achieve more comfort and support. The pneumatic bladder support is strategically adjusted within the frame to fit all body types.
Dynamic Lumbar Supports
For all large or bulk orders, please contact email@example.com for shipping alternatives.
Notes: Back supports are also available for purchase at the EU store.
For professional – bulk pricing please contact firstname.lastname@example.org
The EmbraceAirPlus incorporates an air bladder that is easily positioned with a vertical adjustment within the back frame. This optimizes the fit for each person. The inflatable bladder helps people to achieve relieving postures and changes in posture throughout the day, and to enhance back health for those who sit.
The EmbraceAirPlus is made with exclusive fabric that is immune to bacteria, fungus and body odour. It is guaranteed for one year against defects in materials and workmanship. The valves are guaranteed for life. The foam is engineered to last 15 years. These products are flame retardant, exceeding California standards.
Dimensions: 2 inches thick, 20.5 tall, 19.5 wide, weight 3.5 pounds.
This product is available only in black colour.
The LumbAIR is a lumbar support that also promotes ideal posture and posture changes. It is easy to carry for use in cars, airplanes, theatres, or for home use.
The LumbAIR is made with exclusive fabric that is immune to bacteria, fungus and body odour. It is guaranteed for one year against defects in materials and workmanship. The valves are guaranteed for life. The foam is engineered to last 15 years. These products are flame retardant, exceeding California standards.
Dimensions: 2 x 10.5 x 7 inches, Weight: 0.5 pound
An appreciative user: As a writer dealing with back pain, Innotech’s LumbAirPlus has been a godsend. Upon first use, the stress in my lower back was immediately relieved; I’m not sure how I’ve worked at my desk for so many hours without it. I love how easy it is to inflate and deflate the pad as needed, and I’m now moving it back and forth from my desk to my car —it’s that adjustable. I highly recommend it for anyone who needs extra lumbar support when sitting. It’s now a go-to gift for friends and family with back issues. ~ Rowena Woods, Writer/ Editor
The LumbAIR “position sensitive” (PS) joins Backfitpro’s family of back supports to reduce pain when sitting and laying. The PS assists recovery by reducing stress on the scar site of the post surgical patient, and supporting a faster desensitization of pain.
Many people enjoy the pain relief provided by the LumbAIR when sitting. Some who have had spine surgery, or who have a specific region of pain sensitivity, have requested us to redesign the LumbAIR to remove pressure from the sensitive scar site. The solution is the new “LumbAIR PS” where the inflatable support was re-designed to take pressure from the midline of the back. After several prototypes and trials with patients we are able to offer this proven solution.
Using the LumbAIR
Place the LumbAIR in your low back. Begin by placing the bottom of the support at the top of your “crack” (“Gluteal fold” in medical terms). Then adjust the support a few centimetres up and down to optimize comfort. Now adjust the amount of support with the inflation bulb adding and subtracting air until optimal comfort is achieved.
PropAIR ~ Increasing back comfort in bed
Recently, this same air bladder technology has been shown to reduce disc stress while sleeping. This resulted in the “PropAIR sleeper.”
Lying on the back causes the low back to flatten to the mattress causing spine flexion. Many people have flexion-triggered pain making back sleeping painful. Pain will increase your sensitivity to more pain during the day – eliminating pain while lying will help wind down your pain sensitivity.
Take the test: To assess whether the PropAIR will help you try this. Place the hands palms down under the low back while lying. If comfort is increased, then the support provided by the PropAIR will enhance your sleeping comfort. Some type of back pain will not be helped with the PropAIR for example certain conditions of stenosis and spondylolisthesis.
Others will find relief while side lying by placing the PropAIR between the ribcage and hip to avoid painful side bending.
The optimal level of support is tuned to any mattress, or spine shape, using the hand activated air pump. The plush velour material against the person and the silk material interface with the bed sheets facilitates easy sliding and turning. | <urn:uuid:200bf7d9-12ae-444f-90b6-6c21d4edef5d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.backfitpro.com/back-supports/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00471.warc.gz | en | 0.936578 | 1,662 | 2.734375 | 3 |
An old story about Michelangelo says that the artist was so gifted that he could visualize a sculpture in its entirety before his chisel ever touched the stone. The physical crafting of the piece was then only a matter of removing the excess to reveal the image inside. But while freehand may have worked well for Michelangelo, it’s pretty safe to assume that most of us aren’t quite at that level.
Not that there aren’t many talented designers currently working in the industry, but it can be tough to transform a struggling landscape into a functional, aesthetically pleasing space, especially when you’re juggling multiple projects. And failure to adequately convey a design can have disastrous effects, even terminating a project before it gets off the ground.
You’ve probably thought: there’s got to be an easier way than spending copious amounts of hours painstakingly sketching every tree, light and stone, only to have a client send you back to the drawing board the minute you’re done. Good news—there is. It’s called landscape design software, and it can help create vibrant designs, allow you to estimate more effectively and clinch sales.
In the past, people have been reluctant to use landscape design software either because they feared their designs would look too homogenized or lifeless, or they were put off by the hefty $1,000 price tag and figured that the investment really wasn’t worth it for something that could be done with paper and pencil.
Todd Hayden, a designer for Schmechtig Landscapes in Mundelein, Illinois, says that one question that should be asked of all new technology is whether the technology will be useful. “We ask, ‘Is it going to help productivity? Will it enhance the quality of the product that we present to our clients?’” For many contractors and designers, design software can do both. Sure, it might seem that design software is just another step in the digital trend. But when you find out what it can really do, chances are you’ll be just as surprised as your clients.
Can I really design with a computer?
Yes and no. Kirk Engle, owner of Dreams to Designs in Erial, New Jersey, who both designs and assists with installations, says that there’s one major caveat to these programs: “You need to be a good designer first. You can create a good design with these software programs, but if you’re not a good designer, or if you’re not willing to invest time and money in learning how to design, the software isn’t going to create a successful design. It won’t replace knowledge and experience. It’s a helpful tool, but it’s only a tool.”
Tim Thoelecke, president of the American Academy of Landscape Design in Glenview, Illinois, agrees. He says, “If you use the tool well, you’ll get a big payoff, but software can’t make a bad design good. There’s a big benefit to learning how to use the software properly.”
Learning these programs will be easier for those with design, computer- aided design (CAD) and/or computer savvy, and more difficult for novices. For an experienced person, the imaging component of software may take only a day or so to learn. The CAD component will likely take a week or longer. If you need more help, always check out the company’s website, where you can find instructional videos, tech support and a variety of training options. Some manufacturers also offer onsite sessions, but these can cost around $600-$700, plus transportation and accommodations, so be prepared for additional costs if you take advantage of a class.
That being said, there are a number of benefits to landscape design software, and the investment required to use it effectively shouldn’t be a deterrent. Hayden says that the programs seem more intimidating than they actually are. “Concentrate on learning a handful of controls that you will use over and over,” he advises. “Then learn one new thing each time. These programs can do a million things—but you might only need them to do 100.”
As you become more comfortable with the program, you’ll discover a number of features that can impact your designs. David Sloan, director of marketing for Drafix Software, Inc., in Kansas City, Missouri, says, “Our software allows you to design more effectively; that is, to show the end-customer something he or she can understand, not something architectural. You create a more visual representation of the finished product.”
For those clients who don’t think imagistically, a photo-imaging component will provide the closest approximation to the real thing that they’re going to get—without actually having the work done. Using pictures of your client’s property, a photo-imaging tool will manipulate the landscape to add color pictures of plants, trees, hardscapes, waterscapes and just about anything else you or the client might envision.
The images come from photo libraries that contain thousands of pictures. Photo libraries are also customizable, which, believes Paul Mulder, the landscape enhancements designer for Bemus Landscape in San Clemente, California, is one of the most important features. “You can distinguish yourself from the competition with a good plant library.” In order to create a realistic representation of multiple plantings on a steep hillside, for example, Mulder continuously adds to his photo libraries— up to five pictures of each species of plant he finds and/or uses. “This helps create the ‘Wow!’ factor when a client sees the design.”
Extensive photo libraries are only the beginning of design software, however. Need a curved wall? With PRO Landscape, for example, you can bend a picture to fit any shape or slope. It’s a snap to cover up existing landscaping in order to suggest new work. Night lighting and holiday lighting are also part of the package. Higher-end products let you show off designs in a variety of rendering modes and in 3D as well. With the 3D tool you can zoom in and out and rotate designs 360° to demonstrate the project from every possible angle, including from inside the house looking out. This vivifies the design and takes half or one-third of the time it would take to do a hand drawing.
CAD tools ensure accuracy and speed
CAD tools on landscape design software create blueprints of your designs with exact measurements and distances, ensuring accuracy and speed. While CAD designs generally don’t make big impressions on clients, they’re necessary for the actual installation. And to offset some of the intimidation of CAD, most landscape design software has tailored its CAD component to green industry terminology. Sloan says, “We’ve eliminated the engineering and architectural jargon in favor of commands like ‘place mulch’ or ‘draw a bed line.’”
These CAD programs include symbols for pavers, walls, grass, mulch and more. Entire irrigation systems can be planned with CAD. Houston, Texas-based Software Republic’s RainCAD irrigation design system includes a database of irrigation equipment from many large manufacturers. The system allows contractors to design in either English or Metric units of measurement. It also assists with sprinkler placement, zoning, piping, pipe sizing and hydraulic calculations.
As there is no limit to the size or scale of projects designed in CAD, it is workable for both residential and commercial applications. Thoelecke notes for phasing a project, CAD programs are easier to work with. “Many installation jobs aren’t done all at once. With software, you can draw the CAD master plan and then remove those areas not in Phase 1 when you print it. When you’re ready for Phase 2, you can just reactivate that layer rather than redrawing it.”
One of the most helpful features of PRO Landscape’s CAD tool is that once you complete your Image Editor file, the software will automatically convert the plant material to symbols and place them on the CAD drawing. It will even space plants according to your specifica tions. What would require much time and careful planning if done by hand is fast and precise with CAD tools.
Similarly saving time is a new product called GPS Designer from Visual Impact Imaging in Akron, Ohio. This device uses GPS and Bluetooth technologies to create site plans automatically. You preprogram the handheld tracking unit, called MobileMapper, with the symbols that you use in your site plans and prices. Then the GPS unit tracks your movements on the property and calculates the required measurements. To generate a site plan, all you have to do is wirelessly transmit the data to your computer, where the company’s Earthscapes software will draw the plan for you, properly placing the symbols, and prepare an estimate.
Estimate and sell better
Software with estimating capabilities allows you to quickly price and total the items you plan to use. As you generate your CAD design, the estimating feature will keep track of how much of an item you’ve used and calculate the total when you’re done. Anne Behner with Visual Impact Imaging explains, “With our Earthscapes, the designer assigns each plant a pricing structure that is quantified behind-thescenes.”
So if you incorporate into the design five boxwoods at $70 each, once you’re finished the software will already have calculated a total of $350. This streamlines the estimating process. You won’t have to go back and count each tree individually, and you can be sure that you haven’t underestimated, which can put a project over-budget.
Based on your CAD design, some programs also generate a list of the materials you’ll need, including spray heads. And to be extra certain that you’re not forgetting something, you can group together items that are associated with one another, reducing the potential for oversights.
To limit the time spent organizing and selling a project, Dyna-SCAPE in Burlington, Ontario, offers a quote feature that generates work orders and bid sheets, tracks every quote you submit, divides bigger projects into phases and creates reports. Its cost/profit analyses make sure that there’s a reasonable expectation of profit. Having standardized, electronic formats for these procedures and documents cuts down on the time spent weeding through piles of papers.
Sloan points out that “you can often recoup the cost of the software in only one job because it’s simple to upsell items that the client may not have thought of. For instance, if you do a front foundation redesign, you can present the design with plastic edging first and then show how much better it might look with an $1,800 retaining wall. Night lighting is another good example of an upsell that will pay for the investment.”
“The value of RainCAD,” explains John DeCell, owner of Software Republic, “is that it sets you apart from contractors who have nothing to offer but low prices. With a design, you can charge about $400 more because you’re actually educating your clients about irrigation.”
In such instances, a picture might be worth even more than a thousand words: try thousands of dollars. An effective design paired with the presentation tools available on some software design suites will convey credibility, thoroughness and professionalism. “If it looks good, the client will become excited,” says Thoelecke. “Presentation is a huge part of the sale.”
In addition to easier sales presentations, Engle notes how easy it is to work within a larger geographical range using design software. “I have to visit a site only once. After that, I can email the client designs—and make any changes in minutes. Once the client chooses a design, he or she can take it to the printer, who can print it to scale. The client then takes the design to the installer.”
But perhaps what makes landscape design software most effective from a business perspective is the flexibility that it affords your clients. According to Behner, “Being able to easily email any amendments or changes not only enhances your efficiency, it also shows your client that you’re committed and professional.” Responsiveness can also help your clients to feel like active participants in the process. And if they feel that you’re attuned to their wants, they’re more likely to solicit your services in the future.
The saying, “Work smarter, not harder,” could certainly be applied to landscape design software. With tools for quickly creating images, CAD renderings and water-tight estimates, these software programs are keeping the green industry growing. They won’t make you into a master artist, but they will help your designs have greater impact—on both the page and the client. | <urn:uuid:0bd1d07e-1d0b-4ddc-9033-8b00a90bea67> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://igin.com/article-760-design_for_success.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988725470.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183845-00075-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.935038 | 2,731 | 1.78125 | 2 |
Statute of limitations on DUI in Illinois
The statute of limitations, which is outlined in federal or state statute, refers to the length of time the state or federal government has the right to initiate a legal proceeding against a defendant in a criminal case. Statute of limitations have been instituted to ensure that evidence, which generally deteriorates over time, will be available to successfully prosecute a case.
A statute of limitations has been imposed for all criminal offenses, except murder. If the state fails to file charges prior to the statute of limitations, which generally starts to run on the date the crime is committed, the defendant may avoid criminal prosecution. Additionally, the statute of limitations cannot be modified without a revision of the law by the appropriate state or federal officials.
DUI in Illinois and Statute of Limitations
Driving under the influence (DUI) is considered a serious crime in the State of Illinois. Drivers convicted of DUI may be assessed severe fines and penalties, including license suspensions, additional insurance requirements, jail time, probation, and mandatory educational classes.
As with other all crimes (except murder), the state has a specific amount of time, referred to as the statute of limitations, to charge a driver with driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs.
According to the State of Illinois criminal code, the case against a driver “must be commenced within 3 years after the commission of the offense if it is a felony, or within one year and 6 months after its commission if it is a misdemeanor.”
Although certain exceptions exist, in general, this means that all drivers charged with misdemeanor DUI in the State of Illinois must be charged within 18 months from date of the crime, and drivers charged with felony DUI must be charged within 3 years from the date of the crime.
Statute of limitations tolled
Although a statute of limitations has been enacted for all DUI charges, there are exceptions. For example, the statute of limitations may not run when the defendant is absent from the state or a prosecution or other criminal law proceeding is pending against the defendant for the same conduct.
Talk to a DUI lawyer if you have questions about the statute of limitations for your DUI case.
Statute of Limitations vs. Right to Speedy Trial
The statute of limitations for charging a suspect with a criminal DUI charge should not be confused with a defendant’s right to a speedy trial.
If you have been charged with a crime you have a right to a speedy trial, a right which is granted to all individuals under Illinois statutes, the Illinois Constitution, and under the U.S. Federal Constitution.
Under Illinois statutes, drivers who are in custody and who have been charged with a DUI must be brought to trial within 120 days. A defendant in custody does not have to demand a speedy trial in order to start the speedy trial clock.
Drivers who are not in custody, however, must be brought to trial within 160 days from the date they request a trial (725 ILCS 5/103-5). All requests must be in writing and must be served appropriately on the State.
Requirements for a speedy trial also vary for defendants who are currently in the custody of the Illinois Department of Corrections (IDOC) as well as defendants in the custody of an out-of-state prison. If you are currently in state custody, talk to a lawyer if you have questions about how to demand a speedy trial.
Bottom Line: Statute of limitations protects a defendant against the filing of DUI charges years and years after an offense has allegedly occurred. Statute of limitations are determined by state law and vary based on the severity of the DUI offense. Additionally, if DUI charges have not been filed but a driver escapes to another state, the statute of limitations may be legally suspended or “tolled,” allowing the state more time to file charges against the defendant.
Previous ArticleSouth Dakota DUI Law Information
Next ArticleSteps to Reinstate Your Drivers License After DUI | <urn:uuid:7695dbf2-245a-4dfc-a309-e9adacbf9717> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.myduiattorney.org/articles/statute-of-limitations-on-dui-in-illinois | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.94843 | 810 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Gizmag reports that the LIFESAVER Jerrycan eliminates 99.999995 percent of bacteria and 99.999 percent of viruses is contaminated water, making it a fantastic solution for people who live in areas that lack decent water treatment facilities. But its size is what sets this apart from other water purification devices that typically provide only enough water for drinking.
The LIFESAVER also comes with an optional shower attachment, allowing users to purify water for cleaning themselves as well. There are two water filters available to purchase: one that processes up to 2,641 gallons and another that can clean up to 5,283 gallons of water in its lifespan, which, as Gizmag notes, equates to using the jerrycan 540 or 1,080 times. When the filter is about to expire, it gets harder to pump water, and when it is completely expired, it actually stops pumping water altogether, alerting its owner that it’s time to get a new one.
Trouble is, the costs are way too high for the developing world. People who barely have enough money to buy tomatoes and onions at the market won’t be able to shell out $260 for this water purification device, or $468 for the family pack. Getting aid organizations or governments to purchase the LIFESAVER Jerrycan is the only way this product will achieve worldwide distribution. | <urn:uuid:ca012250-cdc7-40e2-bac7-00c8402e8858> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://inhabitat.com/lifesaver-jerrycans-literally-save-lives-with-5-gallons-of-pure-drinking-water/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00677.warc.gz | en | 0.944696 | 294 | 1.953125 | 2 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.