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The public are being asked their views on how new powers to tackle problems associated with late night drinking can best be targeted in towns and communities around the country.
The consultation, ‘dealing with the problems of late night drinking’, launched today by minister for crime prevention and antisocial behaviour reduction Lord Henley, looks at the implementation of two new powers contained in the police reform and social responsibility act 2011.
The measures, due to be implemented in the autumn, will empower local communities by:
allowing local authorities to charge a levy for late-night licences to contribute to the cost of extra policing;
extending Early Morning Restriction Orders (EMROs), a power that will allow licensing authorities to restrict the sale of alcohol in all or part of their areas, to any time between midnight and 6am.
The 12-week consultation seeks to identify the types of premises, for example hotels, cinemas and community venues, which could be exempted or eligible for a reduction in levy charges if they are viewed as having a minimal effect on alcohol-related crime and disorder.
The public, licensing authorities, the licensed trade and police are all encouraged to contribute their views.
Lord Henley said:
‘Alcohol-related crime and disorder is a problem for many of our communities. These new measures give power back to local areas so they can respond to their individual needs.
‘But we also recognise that some types of premises that open late to serve alcohol do not contribute to late night drinking problems and should not be unduly penalised. That is why we are seeking views on whether they should be exempt or see a reduction in fees.
‘We are keen to hear from anyone who is affected by these new powers to help inform our plans to ensure the premises we have proposed are the right ones.”
Notes to editors
1. The consultation, ‘dealing with the problems of late night drinking - a consultation on secondary legislation for the late night levy and early morning restriction orders’ can be found on the Home Office website at: http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/publications/about-us/consultations/late-night-drinking/
2. An EMRO is a power introduced by the previous government that was not commenced. An EMRO enables licensing authorities to restrict the sale of alcohol in the whole or part of their areas between 3am and 6am on all or some days. The police reform & social responsibility act 2011 amends this to allow EMROs to be applied more flexibly to problem areas between midnight and 6am.
3. The late night levy will allow local authorities that choose to adopt it to charge for late night licences to pay for the cost of extra policing. At least 70 per cent of the levy will go directly to the police, with the remainder retained by the local authority. Local areas will also decide which of the available categories of exemptions and reductions will apply.
4. The government is also consulting on the process that areas would need to follow when adopting these new measures, as well as the type of services local authorities may fund from their portion of the levy and whether to allow exemptions for new year’s eve.
5. The two powers were consulted on as part of the ‘rebalancing the licensing act’ consultation (summer 2010) http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/drugs/alcohol/rebalancing-consultation/, and introduced in the police reform and social responsibility act (september 2011) http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2011/13/introduction/enacted
For more information contact the Home Office press office on 020 7035 3535. | <urn:uuid:7ba78f21-1f09-4bb1-af3d-77bb96f7b949> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.gov.uk/government/news/have-your-say-on-late-night-drinking-venues--6 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719027.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00302-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938129 | 772 | 1.742188 | 2 |
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A new study shows that dementia rates among people over 65 have declined from 11.6 percent in 2000 to 8.8 percent in 2012—a 24 percent drop. This means one million fewer people than expected suffer from the condition. Researchers say the declines seem to be associated with healthier life styles and higher levels of education. The news is decidedly welcome, but the overall public health challenge remains daunting. Five million Americans are diagnosed with dementia today and that number is expected to triple by 2050. Please join us for an update on new efforts to prevent, diagnose, and treat Alzheimer’s and other kinds of dementia.
- Dr. Kenneth Langa Professor, internal medicine, University of Michigan
- John Haaga Director, division of behavioral and social research National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health
- Dr. Nancy Donovan Associate psychiatrist, Brigham and Women's Hospital instructor in psychiatry, Harvard Medical School
MS. DIANE REHMThanks for joining us. I'm Diane Rehm. At last, a little bit of good news. A new study indicates that the rate of dementia among those over age 65 has declined. The research which tracks data from 2000 to 2012 shows a 24 percent decline. Here to talk about this study and other news in the efforts to diagnose, treat and prevent Alzheimer's and other forms of dementia, John Haaga of the National Institutes of health.
MS. DIANE REHMJoining us from a studio at WUOM in Ann Arbor, Dr. Kenneth Langa of the University of Michigan. And from a studio at Harvard, Dr. Nancy Donovan of Brigham and Women's Hospital and the Harvard Medical School. I know many of you will want to join us with your questions and comments. Give us a call at 800-433-8850. Send your email to firstname.lastname@example.org. Follow us on Facebook or send us a tweet. And thank you all for joining us.
DR. JOHN HAAGAThank you, Diane.
DR. KENNETH LANGAThanks, Diane.
DR. NANCY DONOVANGood to be here.
REHMDr. Langa, I'll start with you. Tell us about the study. You are one of the coauthors. How many people were involved?
LANGAWell, we used data from a large study that's been going on since 1992 called the Health and Retirement Study. It's funded by the National Institute on aging. And we looked at about 10,000 people who were 65 and older in 2000 and then again about -- a similar number, about 10,000 across the United States in 2012. And this Health and Retirement Study collects lots of detailed data on how people are thinking, their cognitive function and other things, other aspects of their health and incomes and social networks and things like that.
LANGASo we had a lot of information to try to understand this trend.
REHMSo the average age of the people you studied would've been what?
LANGAThe average age, probably in the late 70s or so for the full sample of the 10,000 in each year. It was from 65 up through 100.
REHMI see. So apparently, these results show a significant decline and I gather you've had these studies replicated elsewhere. My question is, is this just for this one period in time, from 2000 to 2012, because of the specific group you chose to focus on?
LANGAYeah. I think that's a great question, Diane. Our study is one of, actually, increasing number of studies from both the United States and other mainly high income countries around the world that have shown this kind of optimistic trend actually going back probably into the 1990s so about 25 years or so, I think. And, again, but your question's a good one because there were -- one of the really important things, we think, that was going on during this time period, excuse me, is that the level of education among people who were 65 and older was increasing significantly during this time, especially in the United States.
LANGAPart of that was sort of due to post World War II focus on increasing education access. So, again, we think that the level of education that one has has an important long term risk on -- or long term effect on dementia risk later in life. So, again, it could be that this education effect is what's driving much of this. We think there's other things going on, but actually in the United States, this -- education level is actually leveling off now over the next sort of in the cohorts coming, the baby boomers coming. So it could be that we did -- that his positive trend was going on for the last 20 years because of this big increase in education and it might not continue into the future.
LANGAThat's -- we're going to continue collecting data. We think, obviously, it's important to keep tracking this.
REHMDr. Haaga, at the National Institute on Aging, how importantly do you view this study?
HAAGAOh, it's very important. As Ken mentioned, there have been some previous studies, usually of smaller populations, you know, very important give us important clues, but nothing like this that's nationwide have we seen before. So this is very important news both for clues to what research we should be doing next and also for forecasting what the needs are going to be in the future.
REHMBut as the education level goes down in this country, doesn't that sort of reflect back and indicate that perhaps is kind of reduction in the level, as you're seeing, will, as Dr. Langa suggests, not be a permanent one?
HAAGAYeah. That's the big dark cloud above this silver lining. The education level isn't going down, but when we look at people in their late 20s, they've got pretty much the same education distribution as people in their late 60s. So the big expansion is kind of happened in this country. In other countries, the expansion of education happened later and they can expect continued improvement so that's good news for them. We need continued progress on other fronts, clearly, in this country.
REHMAnd to, Dr. Nancy Donovan, I have been wondering for a long time how the brain looks when one is diagnosed with Alzheimer's and how the brain may look somewhat different when one is diagnosed with dementia. What's the difference?
DONOVANOh, that's a great question and people often ask that. Alzheimer's disease is one cause of dementia. It accounts for about 65 or 70 percent of dementias. Another 10 or 15 percent dementias are attributable to vascular causes or a combination of Alzheimer's disease and vascular pathology. We know a great deal about how Alzheimer's disease affects the brain, just based on research that's been conducted over the last five or ten years. We've known what Alzheimer's disease looks like at autopsy, but just within the last five to ten years, we've been able to image the proteins that accumulate in the brains of people who are at risk of developing Alzheimer's disease.
DONOVANWe know that the first stage of Alzheimer's is characterized by the accumulation of a protein called amyloid in the brain and that accumulates for 15 or 20 years before people develop actual symptoms of dementia or cognitive impairment. And then, much closer to the time that people have symptoms, another protein called tau begins to accumulate and propagate across the brain and we think that that is most linked to neural dysfunction and loss of neural tissue of the cortex and other regions of the brain.
DONOVANAnd so it's been a really exciting time over the last several years to really be able to track these changes in living human beings.
REHMBut once again, the differences that you might see on images between vascular problems and full blown Alzheimer's, do they actually look different?
DONOVANOh, absolutely. However, we're also taking a broader view of vascular cognitive impairment and vascular dementia right now. We used to think that vascular dementia was mainly attributable to strokes or strategic infarcts or loss of tissue, often in the subcortex or in the cortex in either of the inner or outer layers of the brain. But now, we're really interested as well in vascular changes that occur in a very small blood vessels. And this can cause a thinning of the inner or sub cortex of the brain, which can affect speed of processing or efficiency of processing.
DONOVANSo there are quite distinct differences between what you see in Alzheimer's disease and in vascular cognitive impairment. But they also coexist in many people.
REHMSo then the question becomes how early, through imaging techniques that we have available today, a physician, a diagnostician could actually see the beginnings of Alzheimer's, Dr. Donovan.
DONOVANWell, we can actually do that right now. We can certainly do that in our research studies and here, we have an observational study of close to 300 people who we're following, who are age 65 and older and cognitively normal and we have been able to track the accumulation of amyloid and actually tau as well in these people.
REHMAll right. Dr. Nancy Donovan of the Harvard Medical School. Short break here. We'll be right back.
REHMAnd welcome back. As you can imagine, there are a great many questions out there about Alzheimer's and various forms of dementia, including one mentioned by our guest, Dr. Nancy Donovan who is at the Harvard Medical School. She's on the line with us. Also Dr. Kenneth Langa , professor of internal medicine at the University of Michigan. He was one of the coauthors of a new study we're talking about, which indicates that the rate of dementia among those over age 65 has declined.
REHMHere in the studio is John Haaga, director in the division of behavioral and social research at the National Institute on Aging. One question that has been put to us by Twitter from Cathy, says her mother suffered from dementia. Her father is bipolar. What are the genetics and how vulnerable is she, Dr. Donovan?
DONOVANWell, there are familial forms of Alzheimer's disease, inherited forms which usually have a early onset in people and those are -- those pose a much greater risk than more sporadic forms. For instance, if the caller, the questioner is at some increased risk, maybe a 10 percent increased risk as a result of having a parent with having had Alzheimer's disease or dementia. But less so than the early onset or familial forms.
REHMDr. Langa, what is it that you feel is key to your study and what are you saying to people about the long term implications of your study? It's my understanding that people who develop Alzheimer's or forms of dementia do so later on in life. And your group, you said the average was about 65. Might that indicate that later on in life, this same group might actually have the rate of dementia that's already been disclosed in this country?
LANGAWell, the -- in our study, actually, the average was about in the last 70s for each group. It was 65 and older. But it's, again, a great question in terms of what's coming in the future. Actually, we can -- what Dr. Donovan talked about in terms of the pathology in the brain, we can link that back to this key factor of education, I think. I think one of the interesting and fascinating things we're still trying to figure out about this education/dementia link is that it seems as though people with more education are able to compensate for more of that pathology that Dr. Donovan was talking about.
LANGASo they can continue to think normally and function independently with the same or even more of these problems related to the Alzheimer's protein or the vascular problems. So that's why we're hoping or we think maybe that that's one link to why education decreases risk. And as people have had more education over time, it could be that that's what's either putting off dementia to very later in life or even preventing it entirely when people die of something else before dementia.
LANGASo again, there's some optimistic evidence that, as you said, Diane, that even when people get dementia now in the United States and some other high income countries, they're getting it later in life or closer to the time of death, which is obviously -- it's not just how many people have dementia, it's how much time people are living with it that is going to determine the total burden on families and the country as a whole. So, again, we're optimistic that this -- the jargon we use is compression of morbidity or compression of illness later toward the end of life, that's one thing that his education process might be leading to.
REHMWhat you're also indicating, however, is that there may be a wealth gap, that those who are in jobs like bricklaying or like construction of some sort or services jobs may not have the education, may not have the resources for education and therefore be possibly more likely to contract Alzheimer's. Is that true, Dr. Langa?
LANGAWe do think there's sort of a unfortunate -- it seems as though, you know, disparity in risk, not related to both education and wealth in our country, actually which seems to be growing over time that there's actually been increases in life expectancy among -- pretty significant increases in life expectancy over the last 20 years or so among people with more education and more wealth, that has not been matched or even gone in the other direction among people with lower levels of education and lower wealth.
LANGATo me, that's one of the key issues that our study brings out a bit more, that trying to do the best we can to focus in on making sure people have access to education both early in life and then, again, as you're saying, Diane, I think it's -- we use the number of years of education really as a marker. It's much more likely that what you're doing with your brain throughout life really is what effects your risk, meaning are you staying engaged with the world, are you thinking about things, are you -- is your occupation something that's, you know, exciting to you and keeping you interested?
LANGAAll of those things, we think, are important.
REHMEducation would also lead to better choices in terms of diet and lifestyle, Dr. Haaga?
HAAGAYeah, I think what Ken said is very important, that we've actually seen a widening of the educational disparities in health at older ages. Not just for dementia, but for really the whole range of chronic illnesses. And it's a worrisome trend and one that we can't fully explain. There's an activary of research now on what we can, you know, what's the magic ingredient. It can't purely be knowing calculus at age 18 or something.
REHMI don't know calculus for sure.
HAAGAWell, there's good news for you and there's some very promising research when the effects of cognitive training at older ages. There's a big study going on now lead by our colleagues at AHRQ, the Agency For Health Research and Quality, being done at the University of Minnesota, reviewing all the evidence on what you can do to prevent Alzheimer's altogether, to delay.
HAAGASuch as my money is on physical activity. There's promising results, but really need more research on cognitive training. Anything you can do that improves your cardiovascular health is going to have an impact on vascular dementia and the mixed form that Nancy Donovan referred to of dementia.
REHMAnd what about these so-called games or learning devices that we hear so much about? Is there any indication that they help to postpone the onset or even reduce the number of people who have Alzheimer's?
HAAGAThere's a very important study that was mounted over 15 years ago now, but they're pursuing the long term implications, the acronym was ACTIVE and it was particular types of targeted brain training on things like improving your recall, executive function, which is the ability to handle several things. And just last year, we had a report on long term follow up of active participants. Now, it's very difficult to keep -- you lose people and the rest over the years, but there was an indication of lower dementia in the treatment group there.
HAAGAHowever, there's an awful lot of things out there. There's an awful lot of claims. There's an awful lot of advertisements. I, personally, do the New York Times crossword puzzle, but I don't fool myself into thinking that's a huge deal for me mental health or cognitive health.
REHMNevertheless, it's fun to do.
HAAGAYeah, that's the reason for doing it.
REHMAbsolutely. Here's an email from Ann. "What are the benefits of early detection of Alzheimer's disease or dementia? Dr. Donovan.
DONOVANThat's a great question and I think that as time goes on, the benefits are only going to be greater. Right now, we are trying to diagnose people early and there are clinical trials that people can participate in. More importantly, I think that paying greater attention to some of these modifiable risk factors that we talked about, exercise, I think, is really important, diet, managing cardiovascular risk factors. One of the things that we didn't mention as well is mental health. There's quite a bit of evidence the people with depression are at elevated risk of prodromal forms of Alzheimer's disease as well as dementia.
DONOVANWe don't understand why that's the case. We're actively researching that. But I think, in addition to modifying lifestyle factors, planning is important and making decisions about, you know, quality of life in the years that one has.
REHMBut if one does have early diagnosis, having gone through clinical exams and imaging, there is no medication to reverse the situation, is there, Dr. Donovan?
DONOVANCurrently, there are not medications that attack the direct pathologies in the brain, medications that are FDA approved. We do have a couple of medications available that appear to slow the progression of the disease, at least in some people. So -- but this is an extremely active area of research now. In fact, not only are we actively engaged in clinical trials to remove this protein called amyloid from people's brains, people who are in symptomatic stages, but we've also initiated studies using these same agents in people who do not yet have cognitive impairment, but have evidence of amyloid in the brain.
DONOVANSo we're really targeting people farther and farther upstream in the disease process.
REHMAnd you're listening to "The Diane Rehm Show." We do have a question asking how people can participate in a clinical trial. Are there trials going on at the National Institute on Aging?
HAAGAFor the most part, we're funding trials being done all around the country and that's a great question. I’m delighted to hear it. If you go to our website, there's a prominent link -- that's National Institute on Aging, very prominent link to Alzheimer's information and there's a place there where people can get connected to studies. There's also a very important one that the Alzheimer's Association, which is very large and active and forward-thinking group working on this, they also connect people. I actually signed up through theirs so that's a good place to get connected to the research.
REHMYou signed up for what?
HAAGATo be contacted for studies that I, you know, am an eligible subject for. So I get -- periodically, I get emails. And there's a choice. I mean, there are things that, you know, might be nearby, more convenient to where someone lives. So it's a good thing to do. It's a good way to participate.
REHMSo Dr. Donovan, the question so many people have about dementia, Alzheimer's and other non curable diseases is do I really want to know.
DONOVANWell, I think it's an individual choice. I think that one has to consider that it's important not only for the individual who's suffering from the disease, but also the family who very much want to support, you know, the patient or that individual with dementia or cognitive impairment. And another thing to consider is that in Alzheimer's disease, unfortunately, as people progress, they can lose their awareness of their illness and they make very poor judgments about whether or not they can drive or whether or not they can live independently because they've last that ability to self observe.
DONOVANSo I think it's really in the interest of the person themselves, but also in the interest of the family to work together and to process this diagnosis and, you know, comes to terms with it and to do everything possible to try and attenuate the disease process and to live with the disease. People live for a very long time with this disease. They can live, you know, 8, 10, 12 years after the time of diagnosis and there can be a lot of quality of life. So it's not universally as bad as it sounds.
HAAGAThat’s especially important to give people a chance for advanced care planning. The one thing we sometimes worry about with screening tests is that people will over -- have too much confidence in a negative result and, you know, get -- find out that they don't have dementia or Alzheimer's disease or the early signs of any other chronic disease and then relax, not prepare, not purchase long term care insurance or otherwise get ready. It's really not an infallible guide.
REHMJohn Haaga is director in the division of behavioral and social research at the National Institute on Aging. When we come back, we'll open the phones, take you calls, your emails, your comments. I look forward to hearing from you.
REHMAnd welcome back. Time to open the phones. First to Tyler in Lakeland, Florida. You're on the air.
TYLERThank you, Miss Rehm. You will be sorely missed.
TYLERAs the story will bear out.
TYLERAbout five years ago, my wife, who is now 73, was put on a regimen of statins. And about a year after that, you have some people on your show that discussed statins and the effect of -- on people that were taking them. And them showing some forms of memory loss, which my wife began to show. So I took her off the statins, but her memory loss began to be worse. Now, she's got a Master's Degree, so she's in the educated class. We then went to a neurologist and he tested her, and basically said, yes, she has some form of memory loss, dementia.
TYLERBut her never told us what it was. The next year we went back, she performed much better than she had the first year. So, I questioned her, and what I think was is my son, as soon as he heard that she was having these problems, had her enroll in Lumosity and go through the testing procedures on that. And apparently, the testing procedures and question procedures used on that particular program mirrored what was used to test her for her loss in memory loss.
TYLERSo it kind of goes to the statements that your people were saying earlier about some correlation between A, intelligence, which, my wife is very intelligent. And is coping real well, and also the testing regime in the person that's being tested is not fighting the testing regime but is actually being able to answer the questions without worrying about what the heck does this -- how this testing goes on.
REHMInteresting. Dr. Langa, you can speak to both those issues, I think.
LANGAYes, I mean, the, I think one thing the caller's questions -- or description of what's gone on with his wife makes clear is that, you know, dementia and how people are thinking and trying to track that over time is an extremely complicated process. This is not a straightforward process. The brain, this sounds trite, but the brain's a really complicated place and lots of, lots of factors are gonna go into how one performs on a test in any specific day. And then also over time.
LANGAAnd it can be difficult to sort through exactly is this person declining? Are -- what's the cause? Is it because of that statin that they just started or is something else going on? And it -- again, just because of the complexity of the brain and the complexity of trying to understand and measure how people are functioning, you can certainly make mistakes and it's not entirely a clear cut process. The statins are an interesting issue. A bit complicated on the one hand, as we talked about and both Dr. Haaga and Dr. Donovan talked about.
LANGAWe think that controlling your cardiovascular risks is important in preventing dementia long term. But there are some studies that suggest that taking a statin, which again, in general we think does reduce cardiovascular risk. In some people might cause thinking problems. So again, part of this complexity that I'm talking about -- that we're talking about.
REHMAnd to you, Dr. Donovan, lots of people have turned to programs like Lumosity. In your view, how successful are those programs?
DONOVANI agree that the research is still out on the value of doing these particular cognitive training programs. I tend to recommend exercise more than cognitive training. And I also recommend activities and, you know, social engagement. And, you know, activities in daily life that are cognitively stimulating. I also think that rather than doing the same, you know, cognitive test and type of test, really trying to broaden and develop kind of new, new interests. And new, you know, cognitive activities can be more beneficial than some of these programs.
DONOVANI think -- and...
REHMI'm sorry. I didn't mean to interrupt. You wanted to say something else.
DONOVANNo, I just was mentioning that the caller mentioned that his wife's performance on the tests improved and that can also be because the tests that we're using to assess people are similar to the tests that they're practicing at home. And does that really reflect an overall improvement in their condition or just improvement on those specific tests?
REHMI see. All right, let's go to Raleigh, North Carolina. Rini, you're on the air.
RINIOh, Diane, it's such an honor to speak to you today.
RINICertain states have higher populations of Alzheimer's, like Arizona in particular. And has this been studied, or have you looked at that? Because, you know, they have a sunnier climate, people are exercising more than other parts of the country. A lot of people speak more than one language, which I understand is also a factor in prevention or the likelihood of having dementia or Alzheimer's. Can you speak to that?
REHMAll right. Dr. Haaga.
HAAGAWe don't have good state level estimates that, that is an important additional dimension that we'd like to work on is better geographic studies. The -- all the other chronic diseases, stroke, for example, that we would also expect to share some of the risk factors, those, those vary quite a lot by region. So that's part of the reason I was so excited that this was a nationwide study.
REHMAnd at the same time, I would wonder, Dr. Langa, whether older people tend to congregate in warmer climates. So going -- moving to Arizona, you might have an older population that might be more susceptible to Alzheimer's or some dementia.
LANGARight. Absolutely. That's a great point, Diane, that age is still the biggest risk factor for dementia. So, as you're saying, if there are, you know, movement of people to Florida or to Arizona, it's likely that -- it's likely that just the older age, on average, of the population, is, might be part of what's going on. If there is a higher rate of dementia, so you'd want to try to adjust for that age. But I think Rini does bring up an interesting point. And as John said too, trying to better understand these geographic variations is something we're looking forward to trying to do going forward.
LANGABecause it -- my hunch is that there certainly are things that affect you throughout life, things like, say, pollution or I think, as Rini was saying, the -- just the environment that allows you to get out and do exercise.
LANGAAnd get physical activity. It seems to me very highly likely that that's going to affect long term dementia risk. We're also looking, again, part, well, thanks to Dr. Haaga and his -- and the National Institute on Aging, we're now trying to compare these rates of dementia actually in countries around the world. The National Institute on Aging has funded similar studies to the one that we are doing here in the United States, this health and retirement study in places like England and Mexico and India and China. So we'll be trying to understand the rates of dementia there, the risk factors there.
LANGAAnd trying to get at some of these potential geographic differences by collecting this information from other countries around the world.
HAAGAAnd just to, as a reminder, that most older people don't move and those who move very far, like to Arizona or to south Florida, tend to be the more educated. The parts of the country that really have the high percentages of older people are the ones where younger people have moved away. Appalachia, the Mississippi Delta, and we really have to -- and those also are, are showing up badly in a lot of the health statistics. So I think it's really important to remember the rural areas, the more isolated populations, and the less visible older population that is in those areas.
REHMDr. Donovan, a number of people are asking us about Lewy Body Dementia. Usually, I gather, related to Parkinson's Disease.
DONOVANThat's right. That's -- can co-occur with Alzheimer's disease or it can occur -- or it is related to Parkinson's. It's a different kind of protein accumulation. And has a different set of symptoms that progress. People with Lewy Body can have less memory problems, but other problems with reasoning or executive function. They also are more prone to have visual hallucinations, actually. And they usually do have some evidence of motor changes, motor symptoms similar to what you see in Parkinson's disease. We understand a lot less about that than we do about Alzheimer's disease.
DONOVANAnd vascular dementia at this point.
HAAGAIt's a nice reminder. We, we're usually working on Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. There is a National Alzheimer's Plan of Action, which does cover Alzheimer's and related dementias. And that's guiding our efforts, not just in developing the research, but also in programs. So while we're working on finding the cure, there's an awful lot that can be done to improve life for persons living with dementia and for their caregivers. And this National Alzheimer's Plan of Action is ambitious, but thanks to the efforts of a lot of people working through organizations outside government, it's -- there's increase funding for research and development and we're really optimistic.
REHMIncluding the organization Us Against Alzheimer's, which is also working toward a cure, finding a cure by 2050. Is that a reasonable achievable goal in your mind?
HAAGAIt's a stretch goal, to use the jargon from performance review. The -- I'm not the right one to answer about the work on pharmaceutical developments. I think the situation might be like what we've seen in heart disease, which has been a fantastic success, medically, for the last 30, 40 years. Where it's not one thing. There are some excellent treatments. There's a variety of treatments, pharmacologic and surgical. We've also made progress on primary prevention.
HAAGAStopping people ever getting the disease. On secondary prevention, stopping the progression of a disease after someone's got something.
REHMNow, you're talking about heart disease?
HAAGAHeart -- about heart disease.
HAAGAYeah, and so I think, I think that's the optimistic future for Alzheimer's disease. There's, there's not going to be a single magic bullet. If there is, I'd be the first one dancing in the aisles. But that we might have a significant success in stopping the disease or delaying onset through a variety of fronts.
REHMAnd you're listening to The Diane Rehm Show. Dr. Haaga, is there any history of Alzheimer's or dementia in your own family?
HAAGAOh yes. Like most Americans, I have been touched. My mother had dementia for the last 12 years of her life. And my father was one of the now 12 million caregivers, unpaid, of course, and very active in that. It was a, I know from talking to him before his death that it was one of the things in his life that he was most proud of. That and the Normandy invasion were kind of right up there, so, yeah, millions of American families are dealing with this, and even if the science goes the way we all really want it to, we're still going to have a problem for years to come.
HAAGAWe have a very rapidly increasing population of -- at the oldest ages where the incidence is greatest.
REHMAnd to Laura in St. Louis, Missouri. You're on the air.
LAURAHi, Diane. I'm so excited to be on your show and I just love you so much.
LAURAI am -- this is striking a -- it's difficult, because I've been taking -- I took care of my grandmother for four years. 24/7, toilet, bathed her, fed her, she had dementia. She took care of her mother and now, I'm in the beginning of starting to take care of my dad. And I'm petrified of -- that this is going to happen to me. And just the realization of the disease has just gotten me, you know, day by day, right? And I just am appreciative of you having this show.
LAURAAnd having people hear the devastation that this is causing people and the lack of understanding when people hear that I have family members who have dementia. I almost feel like I have to hide it because they'll think that something's wrong with me or something's going to be wrong with me. So it's like there's a shame part, factor to it that is difficult. One people don't understand. But the one thing, the one, the one beautiful thing that I can say that I've learned about this is that life is not about the past or the future. It is about right now.
LAURAAnd I've learned that beautiful lesson from my dad and from my grandmother. And that is probably the shining star out of this whole horrible event, that it is right now that is so precious. And hi, Dad, I know you're listening to Diane. He listens to you every day. So, I'll get off the phone. Thanks so much, Diane, for talking about this.
REHMThank you, Laura. And good luck to you.
DONOVANI'd like to make a comment about that.
REHMJust to remind you, Laura, it's not inevitable. Dr. Donovan, go right ahead.
DONOVANWell, I just wanted to make the point that this is a very optimistic study that Dr. Langa and his colleagues have published. One of the things that I find really optimistic about it is that we don't quite understand why it is that rates have gone down. We know that improved cardiovascular health is a factor. We know cognitive reserve or higher education is probably a factor. But this is really a huge decrease in dementia rates and it just suggests that there are factors out there which we haven't really identified, which we haven't nailed yet.
DONOVANAnd I think that those of us who work in this field are really going to be motivated to try and understand what is that 25 percent decrease? You know, what is it attributable to? What have we not -- what do we not yet -- what have we not figured out yet?
REHMAll right. Well, I'm glad to end on that optimistic note, Dr. Donovan. Thanks so much for joining us. Dr. Nancy Donovan, Dr. John Haaga, and Dr. Kenneth Langa. And thanks to all of you for listening. I'm Diane Rehm.
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Wireless Digital Rain Gauge
Rain gauges tend not to be the most technical of devices. However, this latest one ads a bit more geeky-ness to your garden. The Digital Rain Gauge has been created and it’s wireless too (but not in a wi-fi type of way). What it allows you to do is track the rain which is then displayed on a small LCD screen which can be read up to 10 feet away. The only reason it gets the “wireless” added to it’s name is due to it being powered by an AA battery. Surely it should have been named a “Battery Powered Digital Rain Gauge”. Not to worry!
The digital rain gauge is designed for farmers who need to know how much rain there has been so they can best look after their crops. Accuracy of the gauge can see it measure to within 1000th of an inch which is not too shabby at all. The rain gauge also does not collect and store the water. The rain water just merely passes through the device and the amount of water is measured by counting as the rain falls through it. Resetting the device can be done at the touch of a button.
The digital rain gauge costs $60.
Guest Post by Matthew of Gadget Venue. | <urn:uuid:5115017c-61c5-4c79-b83b-4b8e05fb3cb4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.coolest-gadgets.com/20080424/wireless-digital-rain-gauge/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00329-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969756 | 267 | 1.734375 | 2 |
Did you know that the history of pottery is mostly prehistoric? Pottery making began in pre-literate cultures, and it has since become a popular artistic activity. Before beginning to make pottery, however, it is important to obtain all the correct pottery tools and supplies. By doing so, your pottery making experience will be more rewarding.
1. Clay. The first thing you need to acquire in order to make pottery is clay. Ceramic pottery is generally made using either stoneware, earthenware, or porcelain. By obtaining the right type of clay, you will be able to make the exact type of pottery you want.
2. Pottery wheel. Although clay can be formed by hand, pottery wheels produce smooth designs more quickly. The process of using a pottery wheel is called “throwing,” which is when the potter rotates the clay on the center of the turntable with a stick. Although pottery wheels are not always necessary, they will allow you to create designs more efficiently.
3. Kiln. A pottery kiln is used to “fire” the clay, which is the process of removing all moisture from it in order to permanently harden it. The earliest forms of pottery were fired at low temperatures in open bonfires, but pottery today is typically fired using electric, wood-burning, coal, or gas kilns. The pottery can then be decorated after it is fired, but clay can sometimes be decorated before the firing process, as well.
Although pottery making can be rewarding, it is important to obtain all the proper tools and supplies before beginning your artistic venture. A pottery wheel, kiln, and clay are all needed to start the pottery making process. By acquiring them, your experience will be more efficient and rewarding. More: www.bigceramicstore.com | <urn:uuid:0dbcdcdb-9370-4281-828d-adca4c6139cd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://home-grownventures.com/2013/11/three-tools-and-supplies-needed-to-begin-making-pottery/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.964488 | 393 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Condominium and Cooperative Law in Massachusetts
Cooperatives and condominiums are types of "common interest" communities.
These are communities in which each resident rents or owns a residential unit. The residential units are part of a larger building, or complex of buildings, which are owned by another entity, such as a corporation or association. The residents are responsible for the upkeep of common areas, such as lawns and walkways. Rather than personally tending to these things, residents normally pay a fee that covers these necessities.
Merely viewing one of these communities from the outside (or inside) will not let you know whether it's a cooperative or condominium community.
This is because there are no physical characteristics that can clearly distinguish one from the other. The basic difference lies in the legal ownership arrangement. In a condominium community, the units are actually owned by the residents. The residents also collectively own the common areas, holding joint title to it. In a cooperative community, the buildings and land which make up the houses are owned by a single entity, and the individual units are often rented rather than owned by the residents.
Laws and Regulations Concerning Common Interest Communities in Hingham, Massachusetts
Hingham, Massachusetts likely has several laws and regulations concerning common interest communities. However, these are mostly limited to the laws and regulations (zoning, land use, etc.) that concern all real estate owners.
Your daily life in a cooperative or condominium community is more likely to be affected by the rules set by the owners or managers of the property, rather than the laws of your state or city.
The land that common interest communities occupy is normally private property. Therefore, the owners of the property are free to make certain rules governing what is and isn't allowed on it. A good manager or owner will normally make every effort to strike a balance between residents' freedom to do what they want in their homes, and the rights of their neighbors to a safe, clean, and reasonably quiet living space.
Some rules set by property owners or managers may not be enforceable, however. For example, in Hingham, Massachusetts, any rule which purports to exclude residents based on race, color, national origin, or religion will not be valid. There are likely some others, as well.
Can a Hingham, Massachusetts Attorney Help?
If you have problems with your landlord, your homeowners association, or a neighbor, a brilliant Hingham, Massachusetts real estate lawyer may prove invaluable. | <urn:uuid:699a7cab-4b8c-4afd-9256-1328cab1e0ac> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://realestatelawyers.legalmatch.com/MA/Hingham/condominiums-cooperatives.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.967948 | 507 | 1.8125 | 2 |
Why It’s Time We Moved to a Post-Woke Culture and Politics
On the limitations of Woke vs Anti-Woke, and why we need to change course now.
Welcome to TaraElla Report Post Woke, a new series where we consciously aim to move beyond the woke vs anti-woke culture wars, and towards a post-woke model of culture and politics.
In recent years, much has been said about there being a ‘woke vs anti-woke’ divide in Western culture and politics. It all started about a decade ago, when, due to a combination of factors, ideas from postmodernism and critical theory began to increasingly influence parts of the progressive side of politics. Over the course of just a few years, practices that challenged traditional liberal values, like deplatforming speakers, cancel culture, oppressor vs oppressed models of identity politics, thinking of people as pieces in a system rather than equal individuals, and skepticism towards science and objectivity, began to influence progressive movements like feminism, environmentalism, and LGBT equality. These ideas also found their way into progressive-adjacent cultures like atheism and veganism. They have been received controversially in all of these areas, dividing people in these communities into being for them or against them, which later came to be known as woke and anti-woke respectively.
I guess there was a time when having an ‘anti-woke coalition’, as it was originally understood, actually made sense. Back when postmodernism and critical theory were poorly understood by most, it was probably the most effective way to push back against this rise of illiberalism on the Left that seemed to have come out of nowhere. If anything, having a strong coalition aligned against these ideas was an effective method of raising awareness, and we needed to do so quickly, because of the rapid rise of this new illiberal faction in the Left. Besides, in those days, it was mainly progressive, liberal and moderate people involved in the coalition, which meant the reactionary faction wasn’t dominant.
However, we are now in a different place. There is now plenty of awareness and resistance towards postmodernism, critical theory, and their associated ideas and methods. I mean, critical race theory has gone from obscurity to a widely discussed topic in just two years, and I think it is great that we are discussing these ideas and their faults so openly and so frequently. However, we also need to realize that the so-called ‘woke’ ideas aren’t entirely going away anytime soon. For those hoping for a complete victory, I need to burst your bubble. These ideas have been established in parts of academia and activism for so long that they would be here in some form for the foreseeable future, and we will just have to live with it while not letting it take over, until perhaps one or two more generations down the line, when the intellectual landscape of the West would have had enough time to organically evolve away from these ideas. Therefore, I believe we need to think in terms of the long term, as to what we should do next.
The problem I see with the ‘woke vs anti-woke’ model right now is that it is evolving rapidly into an ‘us vs them’ game, and likely a successor to the old-school left vs right culture wars. As many of us already know, the left vs right culture wars were pretty unhealthy, because it divided people into opposing camps in an unsound way, thus encouraging tribalism. If we are to seriously sort people out by their political views, we would need at least three axes, namely economic, capitalist vs socialist; social, progressive vs conservative; and governmental, libertarian vs authoritarian. Given the issues of particular importance in contemporary Western politics, we might also need pro-globalization vs nationalist, pro-peace vs hawkish, and pro-establishment vs anti-establishment, since the three basic axes don’t capture these views very well. In other words, any simplistic dichotomous model would just be encouraging tribalism while not being actually useful. This applies equally to the old-school left vs right and the new woke vs anti-woke.
And we are already seeing the unhealthy and counterproductive results of the ‘woke vs anti-woke’ model’s evolution into a tribalist politics. People are already using the word ‘woke’ to describe things they don’t like which have nothing to do with postmodernism or critical theory. As I previously said, ‘woke’ now effectively means whatever you don’t like. Hence the old-school liberals can call the criticalists ‘woke’, but the hardline conservatives can also call the old-school liberals ‘woke’. The problem with this is that ‘woke’ effectively becomes a lazy insult, and this is not good for independent thinking and pursuit of the objective truth. Moreover, if ‘woke’ means nothing solid, its meaning becomes vulnerable to constant change, essentially defined by the prevailing political fashions and alliances of the moment. This, in turn, can cause anti-woke culture to become a backdoor for authoritarian elements to take over pro-liberty movements, as some members and supporters of the US Libertarian party have recently begun to worry about.
To sum up, the ‘anti-woke coalition’ of the 2010s have already achieved their purpose, and that was to shine a spotlight on the faulty ideas of postmodernism and critical theory, and put this issue into the mainstream of Western political discourse. However, the ‘woke vs anti-woke’ model of politics has also inevitably become tribal and is rapidly losing its original meaning, and could even be vulnerable to takeover by authoritarian forces, which means that we must question its utility going forward. This is an important question because postmodernism and critical theory are not going to disappear any time soon, and we will need to live with these ideas while continuing to argue against them for the foreseeable future. The question then becomes, firstly, is the ‘woke vs anti-woke’ model a good model for the long term, and if not, what model should we choose instead. Given that effective arguments against postmodernism and critical theory must be philosophically sound and rooted in a commitment to the objective reality to be successful, a tribalist model like ‘woke vs anti-woke’ is probably not the best choice for making those arguments, especially in the longer term.
Therefore, I think it’s time we start actively moving to a ‘post woke’ mode, where we remain very conscious of the faulty ideas of postmodernism and critical theory, and their adverse influence on contemporary Western culture and politics, but instead of just being negative about these ideas, we should start being more constructive, and more thoughtful about building alternatives that actually fulfill the yearning for progress and inclusion, and still reinforce the heritage of the liberalism rooted in the Western Enlightenment. The awareness that the anti-woke moment brought has been essential to getting us to where we are, and will be essential to ensure that whatever we come up with in the future isn’t contaminated by postmodernism and critical theory. However, I believe we need to change course now, and go more positive rather than negative, to actually stand for something rather than just against something.
The other thing that differentiates post-woke from anti-woke is that, having learned from how postmodernism and critical theory misdirect the desire for social justice, the post-woke mind is much more alert to other movements that could try to misdirect our inherent impulse towards good things like individualism, fairness, compassion and so on. The post-woke continues to oppose wokeism, as originally defined, but they also turn the same critical analysis on other political factions and movements, including those which claim to be anti-woke, because they are aware that bad ideas, the lure of authoritarianism, and politics with an intent to manipulate people emotionally, don’t just come in one flavor.
She is also the author of the Moral Libertarian Horizon books, which argue that liberalism is still the most moral and effective value system for Western democracies in the 21st century. | <urn:uuid:80241815-4930-41e3-bc35-efe9161c56a4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://medium.com/taraellas-liberal-conversation/why-its-time-we-moved-to-a-post-woke-culture-and-politics-a55cae7a7467?source=user_profile---------2---------------------------- | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571719.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812140019-20220812170019-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.970749 | 1,725 | 1.726563 | 2 |
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Research Reveals a Surprising Way to LowerCrime
an editorial from the Charlotte, N.C., Observer
For years, researchers have tried to pinpoint the factors behind why the U.S. homicide rate had fallen so swiftly for so long that it was cut in half between the early 1990s and 2015. They recently found a missing piece of the puzzle: Everyday citizens who decided to improve their communities, without much fanfare, are among the nation’s most effective crime fighters.
As high-profile solutions – more cops, stop-and-frisk, and increase in the prison population – were being hotly debated, neighborhood-level non-profits were quietly going about their work. While many of those programs were not specifically designed to combat crime, they were doing so anyway. That’s the intriguing new finding from Patrick Sharkey and a team of researchers at New York University. For every 10 community programs created in a city of 100,000 residents, researchers found a 6 percent drop in property crime – and a 9 percent drop in the murder rate.
None of those everyday residents and volunteers and founders of unsung small nonprofits had to don a Batman suit to fight crime; all they had to do was establish mentorship and after-school reading programs and erect playgrounds and provide young men returning from prison second chances and kids a place to appreciate the arts or participate in sports. Even unorganized, spontaneous efforts to improve communities suffering from high-crime rated proved valuable.
One of the primary criticisms of community-level groups and everyday residents who have spent the past few years protesting police brutality was that they weren’t doing enough in their own communities to combat crime. Supposedly, they spent all their time being angered by police killing people but not caring much about residents killed by other residents in the community. That criticism was never based on reality, given the numerous prayer groups, candlelight vigils and groups of men and women who canvass their own neighborhoods to prevent or report crime – even at personal risk. The importance of their daily presence in high-crime areas either goes unnoticed by those who judge those communities from afar or is underestimated every time an awful thing happens and generates negative headlines.
While more research must be done to more finely pinpoint which of the programs are most effective and efficient, we now know that efforts at the local level are making a difference, often in ways that have gone unappreciated. That progress is being accomplished without alienating long-time resident of those communities or creating more distrust between police and those they serve the way aggressive policing, such as stop-and- frisk, does. (Since a judge outlawed stop-and-frisk in New York, the crime rate there has continued to improve.) A doubling-down on such efforts – with more investment from philanthropists and guidance from experts in the business and educational fields – could even help police departments by eliminating the unrealistic expectation that a badge and gun and are the best tools to combat society’s most pressing issues.
The Journal Times
“Opinion & Letters,” page A7
November 30, 2017
RACINE NEIGHBORHOOD WATCH, INC. IS GRATEFUL FOR THE GENEROUS SUPPORT OF | <urn:uuid:aab7fe62-5d16-439e-8644-4ea080d01451> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://racinenw.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00471.warc.gz | en | 0.965364 | 743 | 1.710938 | 2 |
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Parental beliefs about child psychopathology: The relation with child gender and symptomatology
Keenan and Shaw (1997) suggested that gender differences in child and adolescent psychopathology might be related to the socializing of internalizing behaviors in girls. Some studies have suggested that parents respond differentially to some child behaviors depending on the sex of the child. Additionally, other studies support the notion that parents consider male-stereotypic behaviors more problematic in girls. However, past studies have not directly examined parental beliefs about symptoms in girls versus boys or examined how these beliefs relate to actual child symptoms in preschool children. The present study extends existing research by examining whether parents have different beliefs about internalizing and externalizing symptomatology depending on the sex of the child in which the symptom occurs and if these parental beliefs are related to parent and teacher report of child symptoms. The present study found gender differences in parental concern about hypothetical symptoms in girls versus boys in a sample of higher income, European American parents, but found no significant gender differences in a sample of lower income parents from racial and ethnic minority groups. The present study did not obtain significant findings with regard to the relation of these beliefs with parent and teacher report of child symptoms. The importance of conducting such research with diverse participants is discussed. ^
Psychology, Clinical|Sociology, Individual and Family Studies
Stowe, Rebecca M, "Parental beliefs about child psychopathology: The relation with child gender and symptomatology" (1999). Doctoral Dissertations Available from Proquest. AAI9950214. | <urn:uuid:5d3d1e8d-8c93-45a7-89bf-b64f66c361bd> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI9950214/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280825.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00200-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.89643 | 410 | 1.789063 | 2 |
The following questions are commonly asked about tortillas.
What are tortillas used for? Tortillas are a basic part to many Mexican and Latin American recipes. They are circular pieces of dough that are traditionally baked on a stove. Once they harden, they are used to wrap tacos, burritos, and enchiladas. Tortillas can even be used to make a vegetable-based tortilla soup. They are the centerpiece of many Spanish meals.
What is the difference between flour and corn tortillas? The difference lies in dough base and the taste. Traditionally, tortillas were made from corn dough that was created by pounding maize kernels with stones and mixing them until they became a thick, pasty dough. Authentic Mexican and Latin American restaurants usually serve corn tortillas. However, to people who do not grow up eating tortillas, many prefer the taste of flour tortillas. These tortillas are derived from whet dough, just like bread. Their taste is not as strong as that of corn tortillas.
Can I make tortillas? Yes. It is remarkably easy to make tortillas at home as long as you use a tortilla press. This handy little machine costs less than 20 dollars and can usually be found in cooking and international food stores. Simply by a package of tortilla mix, either corn or flour depending on your preference. Add water to the powdered mix and then stir it with your hands until the dough becomes soft. Roll a ball of dough in your hands and then place it on the tortilla press. This press flattens the dough into a tortilla shape, which can then be quickly cooked on the stove.
Tortillas are great for restaurants and stores that sell food items such as fajitas, tacos, burritos, enchiladas, and more. There are flour, corn, and wheat varieties to choose from. Many stores will have low carb, reduced calorie, and fat free options, as well as those that have a hint of spinach and tomato flavor. If you're looking for press machines or other equipment to make your own, you can find stores that will give you a discount by shopping around. Many Mexican recipes will include food to be wrapped in a warm tortilla. Packs will have tortillas in different sizes depending on what you want to use them with. Flower, wheat, and corn tortillas can make excellent chips, which is what many restaurants serve to customers. Tortilla makers, whether it's for chips or tacos, or burritos, can find a factory that sells their product at discount prices. If you want to buy in bulk, you will find that this is a great way to save money on a product that will definitely be used. Look online or in a phone book to find local factories or stores that sell tortillas. Some may require you own a Mexican restaurant or grocery stores while others will sell to the general public. You can call and ask who they're open to and what they're daily hours are. You can make sure they have a selection of flour, wheat, and corn products to see if they will have the exact type of product you're looking for. | <urn:uuid:93d7581c-1967-43c7-be9d-ae7dcebbf817> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.magicyellow.com/category/tortillas/brighton_co.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00342-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95853 | 642 | 2.53125 | 3 |
If I ask a class to produce a presentation on a topic we are covering then students will on mass create slides with the following traps.
- Too many words on the slide which they will probably read as the feel supported.
- Many, many bullet points all aligned vertically which again the students will proceed to read through.
- A link to a youtube clip which will probably not load due to a slow network or a software compatibility glitch.
- Slides will contain writing pasted directly from internet sites.
- Diagrams and images often unrelated to the main message of the topic.
This list could go on and on……….. and all of these make for very dull presentations.
After hitting the inspired button on the TED ipad app I came across a lecturer at Penn state university that gave a talk titled “talk nerdy to me” by Melissa Marshall. Meilssa describes herself a ‘crusader against bullet points’ and an evangelist for effective slide design.
Basically she suggests that the most effective slides are ones that the title is a single sentence displaying the key idea and the rest of the slide contains images, key diagrams and equations etc that provide visual evidence.
In the words of Melissa,
‘A small, but growing, revolution is occurring in the way that engineers and scientists design their presentation slides. This revolution advocates alternatives (based on multimedia learning principles) that challenge PowerPoint’s default structure of a topic-phrase headline supported by a bullet list of subtopics. One such alternative is the assertion-evidence structure, in which a sentence headline states the main message of the slide. That message assertion is then supported not by a bullet list, but by visual evidence: photos, drawings, diagrams, graphs, films, or equations’
Slides created this way follow a assertion-evidence structure.
So next time you are creating a presentation for you class or you want your class to do some presentation work then think about this structure. I have had had a go here. Please take a look.
- Top 5 PowerPoint Tips for Student Presentations in School (missvenecia.wordpress.com)
- Say Goodbye to Boring Presentations (slideshare.net)
- Presentation creation tip: unpacking bullets (christianheilmann.com)
- Slide Makeover: Before and After PowerPoint Slides (alexrister1.wordpress.com) | <urn:uuid:6e4c7f0c-2ac3-41c3-bbe0-0abeee1c3d71> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://classroomsandstaffrooms.wordpress.com/2013/09/22/no-48-make-better-powerpoint-slides-using-an-assertion-evidence-structure/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.89948 | 503 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Indian-origin pupils racing ahead of white classmates in UKNovember 28th, 2007 - 4:57 pm ICT by admin
London, Nov 28(ANI): Students of Indian and Chinese descent have raced ahead and grabbed record grades in GCSE English and Math, outperforming their white mates.
They are the highest performing, with 70.2 per cent reaching the three Rs benchmark reading, writing and arithmetic.
And those hailing from African, Pakistani, Bangladeshi and Caribbean backgrounds are still narrowing the gap behind white pupils.
Government figures showed how white British boys are being left behind in the three Rs by pupils from ‘other white backgrounds’ - including new arrivals from Eastern Europe.
Many of those outperforming white British children are unlikely to speak English at home.
White boys whose mother tongue is English achieved significantly lower standards in the three Rs than girls who speak English as their second language.
The figures revealed 47.8 per cent of Asian pupils have achieved five GCSEs at grades A* to C, including English-and Math as against 45.8 per cent of white British youngsters, Daily Mail reported.
It also found that 61.6 per cent of Indian pupils reached the benchmark five grades - up 2.5 points on last year.
Pakistani youngsters improved 2.2 points to 36.8 per cent while Bangladeshi pupils went up two points to 41 per cent.
The group with Irish and Romany backgrounds scored the lowest.
Mixed white and Asian pupils recorded above-average grades, with 58.4 per cent hitting the benchmark.
Schools Minister Lord Adonis admitted that this is yet another year of GCSE success for minority ethnic pupils.
He also said that the rate of improvement in black pupils’ results was more than twice the average. (ANI)
Tags: achieved, adonis, benchmark, british children, chinese descent, classmates, english at home, gap, gcse english, government figures, indian origin, mail, math, minority ethnic, mother tongue, pupils, record grades, romany, youngsters | <urn:uuid:876d3b17-15cf-4463-9cc3-840ac71f2c06> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/world-news/indian-origin-pupils-racing-ahead-of-white-classmates-in-uk_1006965.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00431-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.941723 | 430 | 2.125 | 2 |
savages. It further appears, mysterious as is the fact, that the first meeting of distinct and separated people generates disease. Mr. Sproat, who in Vancouver Island closely attended to the subject of extinction, believed that changed habits of life, consequent on the advent of Europeans, induces much ill health. He lays, also, great stress on the apparently trifling cause that the natives become "bewildered and dull by the new life around them; they lose the motives for exertion, and get no new ones in their place."
The grade of their civilisation seems to be a most important element in the success of competing nations. A few centuries ago Europe feared the inroads of Eastern barbarians; now any such fear would be ridiculous. It is a more curious fact, as Mr. Bagehot has remarked, that savages did not formerly waste away before the classical nations, as they now do before modern civilised nations; had they done so, the old moralists would have mused over the event; but there is no lament in any writer of that period over the perishing barbarians. The most potent of all the causes of extinction, appears in many cases to be lessened fertility and ill-health, especially amongst the children, arising from changed conditions of life, notwithstanding that the new conditions may not be injurious in themselves. I am much indebted to Mr. H. H. Howorth for having called my attention to this subject, and for having given me information respecting it. I have collected the following cases.
When Tasmania was first colonised the natives were roughly estimated by some at 7000 and by others at 20,000. Their number was soon greatly reduced, chiefly by fighting with the English and with each other. After the famous hunt by all the colonists, when the remaining natives delivered themselves up to the government, they consisted only of 120 individuals, who were in 1832 transported to Flinders Island. This island, situated between Tasmania and Australia, is forty miles long, and from twelve to eighteen miles broad: it seems healthy, and the natives were well treated. Nevertheless, they suffered greatly in health. In 1834 they consisted (Bonwick, p. 250) of forty-seven adult males, forty-eight adult females, and sixteen children, or in all of 111 souls. In 1835 only one hundred were left.
- I have collected ('Journal of Researches, Voyage of the "Beagle,"' p. 435) a good many cases bearing on this subject; see also Gerland, ibid., s. 8. Poeppig speaks of the "breath of civilisation as poisonous to savages."
- Sproat, 'Scenes and Studies of Savage Life,' 1868, p. 284.
- Bagehot, 'Physics and Politics,' 'Fortnightly Review,' April 1, 1868, p. 455.
- All the statements here given are taken from 'The Last of the Tasmanians,' by J. Bonwick, 1870. | <urn:uuid:9238ed3d-a4a7-4770-8586-32485247b877> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Page:Descent_of_Man_1875.djvu/199 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720845.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00085-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968083 | 620 | 2.46875 | 2 |
Revolving Events in Our Time
In this article, I will briefly bring in https://northcentralrotary.org/2020/08/10/action-participants-by-board-room-is-a-book-about-work-that-everyone-should-read/ the thought of rotating occurrences in our time. What are these rotating occasions? And what makes them important for us? Let’s understand! Hopefully, you’ll enjoy this article as much as I did. Please remember, there are many other stuff that happen in our period. You’ll be astonished by how much our daily lives revolve around spinning events. Hopefully, this article will open your eyes to the possibilities of new ways to think about the world. | <urn:uuid:73c9becb-1c61-4825-ac43-b7a62c23d5ba> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fzconstrucoes.com.br/revolving-events-in-our-time/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.957361 | 156 | 1.523438 | 2 |
One of the first step to help you better understand and improve your credit is to get your credit reports. Your reports give you a better understanding of what’s going on, and offer you the opportunity to spot mistakes that you may want to dispute.
A credit report is a record of your borrowing and debt repayment activities. There are three main reporting agencies in the United States, i.e., Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion; and each keeps their own record about you.
Your report lists credit accounts such as your mortgages, student loans, car loans, personal loans, and credit card accounts; the balances; and history of payments. It also contains major credit activities such as bankruptcy and tax lein.
Financial institutions, such as lenders and credit card companies, use the information in your credit report as the main reference point when you apply for a loan or a credit card.
The best and absolutely free way to get your credit reports from all three reporting agencies is through AnnualCreditReport.com. To get your report:
Although the credit reports are free, you can only get one report per year from each credit bureau. A strategy to help you monitor your credit more evenly is to order only one credit report at a time, wait 4 months, then order a new credit report from another bureau. For example, you can use the following pattern:
That was easy wasn’t it? Now you can sit down and review your credit report at your own pace. Additionally, you can also check your credit score for free and take actions to improve your credit score.
If you want an easier method of accessing your credit report, you could get an Experian credit report from Quizzle.com. Quizzle is an absolutely free way to access your Experian credit score and report. Below is a screenshot of what you’d see after you join Quizzle.
Another method is to get credit report card from Credit Karma. Note that this is not an official credit report, but the information provide by Credit Karma gives you a good indication of what contains in your credit reports and they provide a lot of good information to help you better understand your credit.
|700 - 750||Good|
|640 - 700||Average|
|580 - 640||Poor| | <urn:uuid:31d820e6-f588-4967-93de-e95cb35dd13a> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.moolanomy.com/1715/how-to-get-free-credit-reports/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718866.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00004-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953541 | 466 | 2.078125 | 2 |
The BeetleCam is back! And this time, it’s lion proof.
The new, improved, and heavily armored version of the remote controlled, four-wheel camera buggy that met an untimely death in the jaws of a curious lioness in Tanzania in 2009 headed to the African savannah and captured stunning images of lions in Masai Mara, Kenya.
Originally conceived and built from scratch by brothers Will and Matt Burrard-Lucas in 2009, BeetleCam offers wildlife photographers a safe, original, and often interactive perspective of African wildlife. But during its original test run in Tanzania, the contraption proved too flimsy for the likes of lions, which destroyed the car and the camera on their first encounter. Over the next 2 years, the brothers made a few improvements to the model’s carapace to make it sturdier, and deployed two new BeetleCams in Masai Mara last year, both of which survived 2 weeks of scratching, biting, and tearing.
By the end of the expedition, “our armoured BeetleCam was scarred and battered; the screws that held it together were losing their thread and the carapace was covered in scratches and bite marks,” the duo wrote on their website. “However, we could breathe a sigh of relief because we had reached the end of our trip and we hadn’t lost a camera this time!”
The Burrard-Lucas brothers have already published some photographs of the 2011 expedition to their website, and are expected to publish more as well as a documentary of the project.
See the full slideshow[gallery] | <urn:uuid:7cff3571-efed-4e44-85b6-2dc82b8b2cd6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/31851/title/Lions-Up-Close/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280763.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00511-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968475 | 333 | 1.867188 | 2 |
Ottawa Hills High School
A U.S. News & World Report ranking of the best high schools around the country listed Ottawa Hills High School at 18th in the state and included numerous other Toledo suburban schools as well as regional area schools.
The report, released this week by the magazine, analyzed 31,242 public high schools across the United States.
The magazine partnered with American Institutes for Research, a Washington research organization. to compile the rankings, according U.S. News’ Web site. The schools were measured using performance on state-mandated tests, how well economically disadvantaged and minority students performed, and college-readiness.
Ottawa Hills ranked the highest among schools from this region, coming in at No. 18 within Ohio and No. 424 nationally.
Other area schools to appear in the Ohio rankings include Kalida High School at No. 19, Hicksville High School at No. 22, Van Wert High School at No. 44, Perrysburg High School at No. 63, Shawnee High School in Lima at No. 65, Antwerp Local High School at No. 72, Sylvania Southview High School at No. 75, and Sylvania Northview High School at No. 100. | <urn:uuid:3e4fef51-f78f-441b-8f1d-658df38e1163> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.toledoblade.com/local/2014/04/22/Ottawa-Hills-18th-in-state-in-U-S-News-World-Report.print | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719677.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00561-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96585 | 251 | 1.507813 | 2 |
For most of you, at least some of these terms are familiar. Some of you may know all of them and, for others, I may have well been writing in Farsi. All this month we’re going to be focusing on the marketing of your organization, primarily by marketing your website. I deal with these things all day, every day, but I realize some of you have a life 😉 and may not be as familiar with the various forms of marketing, their terminology, or even be sure what marketing is or why it is important. So, I thought I’d start there.
Marketing is a business term. Since I’m not a business marketing isn’t important for me. Right?
Yes, marketing is a business term, but, “No!” not being a business doesn’t mean that you don’t have to market your organization or website. When you boil it all down…
Marketing is simply letting other people know your organization exists and telling them why they should connect with you.
That is something every organization needs to do. If you are a business, you need to tell people why they should purchase your products/services. If you are a church, you need to reach people with the Gospel and tell people why they should attend your church. If you are a school, you need to attract new students. If you are a ministry, you need to tell people why they should be a part of your ministry, support your ministry, or why they need the help of your ministry. Every organization needs to market itself.
You need marketing to succeed!
OK. I need to market my organization. So, how do I do that?
There are many ways to market an organization, everything from commercials to search engines to a guy spinning a sign on a street corner. Because at OurChurch.Com our mission is to help you achieve your goals online, we’re going to focus on online forms of marketing. Below are some of the ways you can market your organization online:
- Search Engine Optimization (SEO): This is doing what it takes to get your website to show up at the top of the search results for keywords (search terms) related to your organization. The most common things you can do for SEO are making sure the search engines can read your site, optimizing your web pages for specific keywords, and getting other websites to link to your site. For local organizations, SEO also includes setting up listings in local search engines, getting reviews, and creating citations.
- Pay Per Click Search Advertising (PPC): SEO (above) can take time and for certain keywords it can be very difficult to rank well. So, the major search engines like Google, Bing, and Yahoo provide a way for you to pay to show up in the search results. You bid a certain amount of money to show up in the search results. Then every time someone clicks on your advertisement you pay the search engine that bid amount. It’s a way to get into the search results immediately and show up for keywords for which you would not otherwise be able to rank well.
- Social Marketing: Social networks like Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, and Google+ provide a great way to reach a lot of people with your message. You can make announcements and provide videos, pictures, articles, quotes, coupons and other forms of interesting content for people to enjoy and share. As people share your content, more and more people become aware of your organization and learn about who you are and what you do and you can draw people into your website.
- Online Advertising: Many websites have ads on their site. For a price you can put an ad on their site and get your brand and message in front of all their website’s visitors.
- Affiliate Marketing: This is when you offer people (called affiliates) a commission to either sell your products/services or send you leads (people who are interested in your products/services). Unlike online advertising where you pay up front for the ad space, with affiliate marketing you don’t pay until a sale has been made.
This is just a basic overview of some of the more common ways people market their organizations online. I believe marketing is crucial to every organization and online marketing is crucial for every website. Without online marketing, your website is like a building in the middle of the dessert with no roads leading to it.
As we continue on through this month, we’ll discuss how you can be using these forms of marketing to grow your organization and achieve your goals.
Are you doing any marketing right now?
If so, what are you doing and what kind of marketing have you found to work best for you? | <urn:uuid:043b08bd-5294-4c82-9476-bd68d9bee8d8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://blog.ourchurch.com/2012/03/06/what-is-marketing-and-why-is-it-important-for-your-website/comment-page-1/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281574.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00017-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959271 | 972 | 1.601563 | 2 |
English with One Thousand Words
This is the story of how it was discovered that you can speak 92% of English with one thousand words.
More than 50 years ago, educators in the United States were concerned over the poor spelling of their students. They thought the problem could be lessened if they taught them how to correctly write at least the one thousand words most often used in English. They sought and found those one thousand words by analyzing books, newspapers, letters, and even passages from the Bible, written by more than 2,500 people. They were very surprised to find that those one thousand words made up over 92% of the English language! This discovery was so significant that today those thousand words are still being used to test spelling in the United States.
Unfortunately, the American educators did not think of using that discovery to teach English to people from other countries. No one thought that if 92% of English is made up of only one thousand words, a person learning them would speak English 92% correctly.
Based on this reasoning, the teachers of the Maurer Institute spent years of work to find the thousand words that are essential to modern English and to design a method to teach their use. The method was tested on three thousand people, many of whom were Latino workers in the United States, and the result was that those three thousand people were soon watching television in English, reading newspapers in English, speaking on the phone in English… in short; they were functioning well in English.
The method is very simple, it consists of 20 notebooks. In each notebook, you will learn to use 50 new words. If you learn only 50 words a week, in 20 weeks, you will have mastered the thousand words needed to speak English well.
The method was designed for adults, not for children. The notebooks are very slim – you can study each one in a few hours – as they do not contain drawings, photographs, or other unnecessary distractions that will interfere with your learning quickly. We adults know what a chair, a plane or a highway look like; and we don’t need pictures, as children do, to know what things are.
With the recordings that go with each notebook, you will learn to pronounce the words and the sentences in which they are used. You will not need a computer or video player. Since it is completely portable, you can learn anywhere at any time, without neglecting your other activities; even while you are going from one place to another.
Although the method also includes the grammar of the language, we ask that you not memorize it. You will speak English well without having to memorize English grammar for the same reason you speak Spanish well without having memorized Spanish grammar. That is why, in addition to being fast, this method is also amazingly simple.
When you finish each lesson, you will take a test that you will send to your teachers. They will correct it and send it back to you with their comments.
If you have any doubts, you can clarify them directly with your teachers either by telephone or by email. The method includes a virtual classroom on Internet in which you can have live conversations both with teaches and other students, if you want to practice. You will never study alone, your teachers will be by your side leading you.
Our experience of over 50 years in teaching English will not only save you a lot of money, but also a lot of unnecessary frustration in your efforts to learn to speak English correctly. This is the quickest, safest, most economical and simple method there is. If you have any doubts, search for the words “Professor Maurer English” on internet and you will see that it’s true!
Written learning guarantee
The method is so well proven with so many thousands of people who have studied it, and we are so sure of its efficacy, that we will guarantee in writing that with the one thousand essential words, you will learn 92% of English, or we will give you your money back, even if you don’t speak any English now. No other method offers this guarantee.
Once you have finished the course, you will receive a Diploma certifying that you have successfully completed it. But the best accreditation will be your ability to communicate in English without trouble.
The European Council of Personal Assistants accredits The Maurer Method ® for learning English.
See Course Contents >>
The alphabet and vowels: Correct pronunciation. The sentence: Formulation and comprehension. The personal pronouns. The word ‘the’: Meaning and applications. The verb. Endings depending on the person. Rules and applications.
The plural. Its formation and exceptions. Possessive pronouns. Frequently used indefinite articles: Singular and plural forms. Definite articles: Meaning and applications, singular and plural forms. The verb ‘to be’. Importance, meaning and applications.
Present tense interrogative sentences. The use of ‘do’ and ‘does’. The words needed to form interrogative sentences. Present tense negative sentences. The use of the word ‘not’.
The verb ‘to have’. Meaning and applications. Cardinal numbers. Forming quantities. Ordinal numbers. Forming dates. Forming sentences indicating time, both affirmative and negative.
Simple past tense. Forming verb endings according to their nature. The interrogative form in the past tense. The use of the word ‘did’. The negative form in the past tense. The use of the word ‘not’. Contractions. Applications.
The future tense. The use of the word ‘will’. The negative form of the future tense. The interrogative form of the future tense.
The participle in simple present tense. The negative form of the present participle. The interrogative form of the present participle.
Comparative adjectives. Forming comparatives: as-as, more-than, the-most and their exceptions.
How to give orders. The possessive using an apostrophe. Objective pronouns.
Sentences with two verbs I. Idiomatic expressions I.
Sentences with two verbs II. Idiomatic expressions II.
Conditional sentences. Idiomatic expressions III.
Verbs of manner, place and time. Irregular adverbs. Idiomatic expressions IV.
The word ‘would’. Affirmative, negative and interrogative conditional sentences. II Idiomatic expressions V.
The present perfect tense. Irregular verbs I.
The negative and interrogative present perfect tense. Irregular verbs II.
The affirmative, negative and interrogative past perfect tense.
The affirmative, negative and interrogative continuous past tense.
The verbs ‘may’ and ‘might’. Tag endings. Indefinite pronouns.
The word ‘say’ and its derivatives. The words ‘either’ and ‘neither’. Words derived from ‘no’: nobody, no one, none, and nowhere.
Our students express their views:
I am currently finishing the English course, I am about to start lesson 18 out of 20. Although it sounds like a radio commercial, during my life (I am now 39 years old) I have tried several English courses without succeeding. I had thrown in the towel and reached the conclusion that it was clear that I would never learn English in this life, and I promised myself I would not spend any more money on English courses. But a little over a year ago, I realized that I had to make another effort to learn English for professional reasons, and I finally selected your method. Even with the last three lessons yet to be concluded, I can’t believe how much I have learned. Recently, I was traveling and the only way I could communicate was in English, and I was surprised to find that everything I wanted to say, communicate or ask, etc., I was able to do with no problem. I was surprised how other people understood me, and the best and hardest part, I understood their answers. I was dying to get back home to continue the course. I sincerely still cannot believe the level of my English. I never imagined that with a correspondence course in English I would be able to learn English when I never even managed to do so while attending schools. That is why I want to thank you for your professionalism and I authorize you to use my name as a testimonial that The Maurer Method is really a course that allows you to learn to speak English in an easy and pleasant way. I send you all a hug.
Manuel Torné Bueso, student 2308045
The course I am taking with you has helped me to understand English and realize that it is not as hard as I thought. This is a step that will help me later on with the career I studied and will give me greater opportunities to talk to new people and get a good job.
Mitzi Solares Acevedo
On April 11, I went to Las Vegas and stayed there though the 13th and then went on to Los Angeles. My siblings could not believe that I had only finished two lessons of the English course. It was surprising to me that in so short a time I was able to communicate in English with people who already master the language and with the residents of those places. I was even more amazed that, thanks to the vocabulary I have learned, I could understand what people said to me, that is to say, I understood the conversations in airports, markets and stores. I invite all of the people studying for a career or profession to join me in renewing our efforts and not stopping until we achieve our goals.
Emilio Guzmán Sánchez | <urn:uuid:5f4a6489-21ab-435b-8ffc-bef5d6b0ea9c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.institutomaurer.com.mx/cursos/inglesconmilpalabras/ingles_pg.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00448-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965515 | 2,008 | 3.265625 | 3 |
Foreign Minister Bob Carr today announced up to $24 million over five years to put an end to violence against women in Cambodia.
Senator Carr said one-in-three women worldwide is beaten, coerced into sex, or otherwise abused in her lifetime.
"Women who have experienced violence in Cambodia often lack access to critical services including counselling and legal support and many do not have access to safe shelter," Senator Carr said.
"This funding for the Ending Violence Against Women program will deliver emergency medical treatment, counselling, safe places to stay, and legal services."
In Cambodia, violence against women is often accepted as normal behaviour.
Due to financial and attitudinal barriers in the law and justice sector, few women seek legal help after experiencing violence.
When women seek assistance through the health system there are limited response services and no protocol for violence against women identification and response, such as HIV testing.
Australia will work with the Cambodian Government, UN Women and civil society organisations to change attitudes and prevent violence so that women can feel safer in their communities.
Senator Carr said violence against women is unacceptable which is why Australia's aid program is also starting new programs to promote gender equality and tackle violence against women in Afghanistan, Indonesia and the Pacific.
"Our regional neighbours continue to have some of the highest levels of violence in the world," Senator Carr said.
"In some Pacific countries more than 60 per cent of women and girls have experienced violence at the hands of their partners at some time in their lives."
Over the next 10 years, the $320 million Pacific Women Shaping Pacific Development initiative, announced by Prime Minister Gillard at the Pacific Islands Forum last year, will include support for more than 150,000 women who have experienced violence.
This will provide access to services such as counselling, medical assistance and safe shelters for women who experience violence. It will also support male advocates and Pacific leadership networks to drive social change.
Australia has been helping Pacific island countries respond to violence against women and provide services for survivors for many years.
The Vanuatu Family Protection Act came into effect in 2009 after 11 years of advocacy by women's rights activists supported by Australia.
Australia has supported the Fiji Women's Crisis Centre since 1989. In 2012, the Centre provided counselling to more than 4,400 women survivors of violence.
- Minister's office: (02) 6277 7584
- DFAT Media Liaison: (02) 6261 1555 | <urn:uuid:1aebb839-778d-45d8-af7c-a8d3106c381f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://foreignminister.gov.au/releases/2013/bc_mr_130308a.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00506-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961927 | 497 | 1.890625 | 2 |
WASHINGTON - The United States Tuesday brushed aside a call by a Republican lawmaker for creating an independent Balochistan, saying Washington respects Pakistan's territorial integrity and does not support independence for the restive province."The United States respects the territorial integrity of Pakistan. It is not the policy of the administration to support independence for Balochistan," the State Department said in a written response to a question raised during its daily press briefing.The State Department said it is aware of the comments of Texas Congressman Louie Gohmert in an interview to an American media outlet in which the lawmaker said that the best solution to the Afghan problem would be to carve a separate and independent Balochistan out of Pakistan."Members of Congress express a wide range of views. Such comments do not in any way imply US government endorsement," the State Department added.QAEDA IS 'MORPHING', NOT ON THE RUN: US SPY CHIEFSTwo top US intelligence officials told Congress that Al-Qaeda is no longer “on the run”’ as leaders have been saying for years, and that Pakistan's Federally Administered Tribal Areas remain the militant movement's ideological, but not operational, centre.“Is Al-Qaeda on the run and on the path to defeat?” Senator Jim Inhofe, a Republican, asked in a Senate Armed Services Committee hearing Tuesday.Director of National Intelligence James Clapper responded, “No, it is morphing and - and franchising itself and not only here but other areas of the world.”Lt General Michael Flynn, director of the Defence Intelligence Agency, added, “They are not.” Former president George W Bush asserted that that Al-Qaeda network was “on the run” as early as October 2001. President Obama adopted the phrase and used it repeatedly on the campaign trail in 2012. Touting his foreign policy record, Obama often said, “Al-Qaeda is on the run and Osama bin Laden is dead.”In the past year, however, Obama has used more nuanced language to clarify that Al-Qaeda affiliates remain an evolving threat. “While we put Al-Qaeda’s core leadership on a path to defeat, the threat has evolved as Al-Qaeda affiliates and other extremists take root in different parts of the world,” he said last month in his State of the Union address.Clapper said although Al-Qaeda has been “profoundly degraded, [but] not eliminated by any stretch” in FATA, which remains the movement's ideological centre."My definition of core Al-Qaeda is the leadership group that has been essentially in the FATA in Pakistan. Clearly, they have been profoundly degraded, not eliminated by any stretch," he said. "So that area, in my view, remains the ideological centre for Al-Qaeda, but not operational centre any longer," Clapper said responding to questions on the presence of core of the terrorist organisation in Pakistan. Al-Qaeda's chief Osama bin Laden was killed in a covert US raid in Abbottabad. The whereabouts of his successor Aiyman al-Zawahiri remains unknown, but it's believed that he is hiding in Pakistan, it was pointed out. "I think an organisation like Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula, AQAP, poses a much greater sort of tactical, near-term operational threat to the homeland than does the ideological centre of core Al-Qaeda in the FATA in Pakistan," he said. Clapper said that some of the Al-Qaeda leaders might have moved to Syria. "Probably of greater concern, as I mentioned in my opening statement, are some Al-Qaeda veterans from the Afghanistan-Pakistan area, a small nucleus of them who have also moved to Syria, which has served as a magnet for many of these extremists," he said. "They do harbour designs on attacks in Europe and the homeland," the official added. He explained that “core Al-Qaeda - the central leadership - picks and chooses who is among the wannabes or are actually knighted, if you will, so designated as an Al-Qaeda organisation.”This news was published in The Nation newspaper. Read complete newspaper of 13-Feb-2014 here. | <urn:uuid:e0aca587-6b18-40d8-b1a1-eff85475eb4e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://nation.com.pk/national/13-Feb-2014/us-says-doesn-t-support-balochistan-independence | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00351-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970816 | 863 | 1.742188 | 2 |
Brahma Kamal: The Himalayan Beauty
Brahma Kamal and few other related species of the thistletribe of plants are native to the Himalayas. Their flowersbloom during mid-monsoon months amongst the rocks andgrasses of alpine meadows and gorges. These extremely rareplants are not only famous for their beautiful flowers, but alsofor their significant importance in traditional medicine. Inthis article, an attempt has been made to document the diversity,distribution, endemism, status, and indigenous usesof these valuable plants.
Volume 27 | Issue 8 | <urn:uuid:b5ad627e-2994-4c9a-8675-d197c73a27e9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ias.ac.in/describe/article/reso/022/04/0377-0387 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00667.warc.gz | en | 0.900814 | 163 | 2.625 | 3 |
Recently, the Supreme Court, through a 4-4 vote, affirmed a federal judge’s ruling and effectively killed President Obama’s suspension of the law requiring deportation of millions of illegal immigrants to instead grant them work visas. It’s obvious the court can’t fix our immigration system, however. Congress has to take up the task. If the recent Brexit vote is an indication, any further delay in addressing our immigration policy will have serious political and economic consequences.
Legal immigrants, who constitute the vast majority of the immigrant community, face long delays and high financial costs from the United States’ very complex and confusing immigration laws. Most legal immigrants come to the United States through one of five main channels: family-based, employment-based, political asylum, refugees, and the diversity lottery program. But within some channels are many sub-categories catering to specific groups, and each is subject to different rules.
In addition to the normal immigration channels, politicians have piled on many special immigration programs. Currently, there are more than two dozen immigration visa categories through which people outside of the United States can obtain green cards without going through the normal legal immigration channels. It’s often said that the U.S. immigration laws are more complex than our tax code. Most applicants cannot navigate the process without legal counsel, which adds to the cost and time required of this process. Their experiences offer no motivation for illegal immigrants to immigrate legally. The United States will never fix its illegal immigration problem unless policy makers fix legal immigration first.
Our existing immigration also gives overwhelming preference to family reunions with citizens and immigrants who are already here. This approach doesn’t serve our nation’s economic needs because (a) the quota for family reunion is not based on labor-market demand; and (b) the visa preference hierarchy favors the old (parents of U.S. citizens and permanent residents) and the young (children younger than 21 years of age) but discriminates against the most likely productive applicants: people who don’t have family connections, but do have knowledge, skills, and experiences and can contribute to our economy.
Trash Our Mess, and Start Clean
The way forward for America is to establish a simple, merit-based immigration system.
We need to keep our immigration system simple by eliminating ineffective and unfair programs. We need only three immigration channels: skilled worker, family reunion, and humanitarian-based. This simplified system should emphasize merit-based immigration, which gives higher preference to people who have skills and experiences to contribute, and to entrepreneurs who want to invest in America and create job opportunities for Americans. In other words, a majority of our immigrants should come through the skilled-worker channel.
This means we should eliminate ineffective and non-merit-based visa programs such as the visa lottery program and the more than two dozen special programs. The 50,000-plus annual immigration visa quotas we save from eliminating these programs should be allocated to the skilled workers category. If we replace the 50,000 visa lottery winners with 50,000 investment-based visa holders, we’ll see a $50-billion direct investment in the United States or 500,000 new jobs (because current law requires each investment-based visa holder to invest $1 million or create 10 jobs in America).
Even those applicants who have family members in the United States should be encouraged to apply as skilled immigrants. Family reunion should be limited to elderly or young relatives of U.S. citizens who currently are not employable. In such cases, the U.S. citizen who acts as a sponsor should demonstrate the financial capacity to support his or her relatives for at least five years (current immigration law stipulates that legal immigrants who have no criminal records can apply for U.S. citizenship after being in the United States for five years).
Now for Revamping Temporary Permits
For non-immigration visas, we need to do three things.
First, consolidate the more than 40 current visa categories into three: temporary workers, students/scholars, and visitors. There is no earthly reason we need a separate visa category for “certain ‘specialty occupation’ professionals from Australia” (E-3 visa), or “fashion models of distinguished merit and ability” (H-1B3). Each special category represents an added layer of complexity.
We need only one work visa category; let the market decide if our country needs more engineers, professional athletes, or fruit pickers. A temporary worker should be able to travel freely in and out of the United States as long as he or she has no criminal record and is currently employed by an American employer. All nonimmigrants should receive an identity card with a smart chip containing their biometric and sponsor-contact info.
Second, get rid of work visa quotas. This is imperative to cut the backlogs and greatly reduce wait times. The quotas are arbitrary, unrealistic, and no representation of any economic reality. They are more a result of special-interest lobbying and political horse-trading. They discourage people from coming to America through legal channels and incentivize illegal immigration. Let the free-market system tell us how many immigrants it can absorb.
We should issue a work visa to anyone who is interested in temporarily working in the United States as a nonimmigrant, as long as he or she has a proven job offer from a U.S. employer. It doesn’t matter whether this person is applying to be a seasonal farm worker or a nuclear physicist. The duration of the visa is either the duration of the employment contract or three years, whichever is greater. If the person is still employed when the visa is three months from expiration, the visa can be renewed again for either the duration of the employment contract or three years. The renewal process can repeat itself as long as the applicant is employed.
Third, temporary workers should receive tax IDs that allow them to pay income, Social Security, and Medicare taxes, just like an employed U.S. citizen would. However, since work visas are not immigration visas, work visa holders will not be entitled to any welfare benefits. If, later, work visa holders apply and become legal U.S. residents, they will be eligible for governmental welfare benefits after five years. Their Social Security benefits calculation will include the years they spent as temporary work visa holders. This shouldn’t be too difficult to do, because they have been paying taxes while being temporary workers, so there will be a track record of work history.
You Can’t Stop Immigration, But You Can Define It
A simple and merit based immigration system will benefit both immigrants and our national interests. It engenders self-reliance. It will make it easy for potential immigrants to understand what category they are eligible for and should apply for and will speed up the processing time and reduce the cost (e.g., allow immigrants to save money on legal counsel).
This will help reduce wait times and backlogs. It will make illegal border crossing a much less attractive option. It will discourage U.S. employers from hiring illegal migrant workers since they can now easily find legal workers. Not to mention it will free up government resources for vetting potential national security threats.
As long as there are different economic and political conditions around the world, people will migrate. It’s human nature to move to a place where a better life is possible. It’s the destiny of America to be a beacon of hope for people around the world. Historian Richard Hofstadter said, “It has been our fate as a nation not to have ideologies but to be one.”
The only way forward, the only way to make immigrants and native-born Americans one people again, is to find our way back: back to our founding principles; back to being the country where rugged individualism, liberty, and free-market economics enable freedom-lovers who are ready to roll up their sleeves to better their lives through their hard work and cleverness. If we stand firmly on our principles and apply common-sense, incremental policy changes that reaffirm these beliefs and bring tangible benefits, America can again offer the right kind of open door and a true welcome mat. | <urn:uuid:045c1d0c-06ef-4e7a-a597-f4c67f5150a8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thefederalist.com/2016/08/08/how-to-fix-our-messed-up-immigration-system-so-it-boosts-the-economy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.948642 | 1,686 | 2.125 | 2 |
Movies today provide millions of people an experience that stimulates emotion as well as intellect. Film on screen can capture an audience and provide an escape from reality. Many people can actually get so involved in the film that they see themselves as a character in the show and feel the joy and sorrow of the character. There are many different ways that the screenwriters can tell a story on film. The content of the film can range from a feel good love story to a very controversial political topic. Many films have been created on the subject of modern day warfare. I find this particular subject as a means to express opinions on war that may conflict with that of the government. This is where the constitution and freedom of speech can become a part of the movie. Many films have been written to directly challenge the actions of the government and provide the public with information that is not published in any other form of media. On the other end of the spectrum, movies allow the government to also boost the moral of the nation by telling a story that inspires patriotism and commitment to freedom. The movie theaters, at one point in time provided the nation with newsreels that were shown before the feature film. This was one of the only means of broadcasting information to the public before the television. Prior to this point in time, the radio was used for reporting news and for broadcasting entertainment programs. With the radio, the audience was only exposed to one of the major senses, the sense of sound. With the movie experience, the audience could be exposed to two senses, sight and sound. This new experience was totally captivating and quickly became a popular part of American culture. Movies are more than just entertainment; they can often influence the viewpoint and moral of the nation on controversial topics. | <urn:uuid:87e2c398-82f2-4104-86f2-02f936260799> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.studymode.com/essays/Movies-937382.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988725470.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183845-00076-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972591 | 350 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Spanish street artist David de la Mano just finished working on his latest mural in Torrent, Valencia. His work entitled “The Calm” depicts a great whale with a silhouette of people riding on its back in David de la Mano’s signature monochromatic imagery. The mural was painted in collaboration with artist Pablo S. Herrero.
“The great whale carries a human group on it. Its passengers don’t know where they are going. Some of them trust the wisdom of an ancient being who knows the territory, others travel with the suspicion that the whale doesn’t know what her path is either. Some of them believe that the environment in which they are in can be deciphered, perhaps by others. They intuit that there were those who interpreted it before. One part of the group only distinguishes a bitter feeling of loss. They all carry something important in their hands. Everyone keep calm.”
David de la Mano is known for his large dystopian murals featuring human and animal silhouettes and minimalist style. He creates distinctive artworks which are symbolic reflections on humankind and reminiscent of dark fairytales. The single anthropomorphic figures of the artist gather together and unite in an eternal and recurring movement; the individuals become the mass and vice versa, and they are driven by their dreams, ambitions, fears, vices, hopes, and internal conflicts.
Take a look below for more photos of “The Calm” and stay tuned with us for more updates on David de la Mano and the international street art scene. | <urn:uuid:8087c829-87e7-48f1-86a5-5ab45aa53cc1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://artmarketstv.uk/the-calm-by-david-de-la-mano-in-valencia-spain-streetartnews/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.960892 | 321 | 1.648438 | 2 |
The Chicago Board of Trade is the world's oldest futures and options exchange. There, commodities and other financial instruments are traded daily. As the clock ticks towards a deadline to raise the U.S. debt ceiling, traders believe a default on that debt is still highly unlikely, and are more concerned about the consequences of a potential downgrade of the U.S. credit rating.
In the debate about raising the limit on government borrowing in the United States, lawmakers acknowledge that failure could bring a default on the debts owed by the United States government.
But Scott Shellady, who watches investments for ICAP Energy in Chicago, says a true default is highly unlikely.
“I think the downgrade is what we should be talking about rather than default. We’re not going to default. We’ve got enough receipts that are coming in to meet our obligations. We’re using that word to get something done sooner rather than later,” Shellady said.
The United States has had the best possible credit rating, triple-A, since 1917. The main credit rating agencies say they are reviewing the U.S. government debt situation for a potential downgrade. The consequences of a downgrade would be far-reaching.
“We are going to have to attract buyers for our bonds to continue to pay our debts and run our government. The only way we can really do that is to give them a higher return. So our interest rates are going to have to go up to attract outside investors, and in doing so it’s going to drive everyone else’s interest rates up all the way down the line,” Shellady said.
Northwestern University Economics Professor Paola Sapienza says any savings from budget cuts could become irrelevant, if the U.S. defaults on its debt, or receives a credit rating downgrade.
“The irony of this is that if the yield [interest rate] goes up, some of the consequences would be spending to service the debt would go up, potentially by a large amount, affecting other types of services that need to be cut,” Sapienza said.
As the debate continues in Washington, traders on the floor of the Chicago Board of Trade are watching closely.
“The mood on the trading floor is subdued,” said Matthew Pierce, who analyzes commodity prices for GrainAnalyst.com.
“We would be extremely bullish right now based on the fundamentals alone, but because of the currency and debt issue, we have to keep that bullishness in check until we found out further information of whether we’re going to reach a deal or not,” he said.
August 2 is the deadline to reach an agreement. That’s when the U.S. Treasury says it will no longer have the money needed to meet all of its financial obligations.
“The closer we get to that date of having to have something done, it’s going to be a worse deal, and we’re going to have to either go through this in six months time, or eight months time, eighteen months time, or five years time, but we’re going to have to go through this again unless we have something significant as far as the cutting part goes,” Shellady said.
Even if lawmakers do reach an agreement to raise the debt ceiling and avoid default, credit rating agencies say the threat of a downgrade still exists without a long-term plan to fix the federal deficit. | <urn:uuid:4fcff550-e192-4bad-b4b9-852f9d3b0519> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.voanews.com/a/traders-economists-concerned-about-us-debt-downgrade-126214578/169235.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720153.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00324-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955986 | 718 | 2.171875 | 2 |
Special Issue on Selected Papers from ROBOMEC’04 (Part 2)
Kiyoshi Komoriya*, and Akihito Sano**
*Co-editor, Dr. Eng. ISRI, AIST Tsukuba East, 1-2-1 Namiki Tsukuba 305-8564, Japan
**Program Chair of ROBOMEC'04 and Co-editor, Professor, Dr. Eng., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
The 2004 JSME Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (ROBOMEC’04) was held at Meijo University in Nagoya, Japan, on June 18-20, 2004, sponsored by the Robotics and Mechatronics Division of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. Prof. Takeo Oomichi of Meijo University served as general chair and Prof. Sano of the Nagoya Institute of Technology as program chair. The conference, whose theme was “Super Fabrication for a Safe, Secure Environment,” was to help establish new industries using advanced robotics and mechatronics technologies. Organized sessions numbered 67 and papers 813 – a record for the conference. The program committee selected 91 outstanding presentations – some 10% of the total – for the special issues. Out of submitted 43 papers Part 2 (Vol.17, No.3) presents 16 papers through the regular review process. Two papers have already been published in Vol.17, No.1, and 15 papers in Vol.17, No.2. We thank the authors for their invaluable contributions to this issue and the reviewers for their time and effort. We also thank Editor-in-Chief Makoto Kaneko of Hiroshima University for organizing this special issue.
This article is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationa License.
Copyright© 2005 by Fuji Technology Press Ltd. and Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. All right reserved. | <urn:uuid:8c2caf14-97ee-41bf-92a2-f0f37fbaa677> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fujipress.jp/jrm/rb/robot001700030235/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572215.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815235954-20220816025954-00676.warc.gz | en | 0.892528 | 423 | 1.742188 | 2 |
Here’s another good example of junk science being used to sell newspapers and stoke anti-radiation fear:
Using normal doses of radiation for the procedure, about one in 270 women who receive it at age 40 and one in 600 men will develop cancer as a result, Dr. Rebecca Smith-Bindman of UC San Francisco and her colleagues found. For a routine head scan, one in 8,100 women and one in 11,080 men will develop a tumor.
Bull. I know how they generated this number, and it’s based on using the “linear, no-threshold” hypothesis for radiation exposure. It’s based on the simplifying (and wrong) assumption that small cumulative doses of radiation have a fractional effect of one large dose. It was formulated fifty years ago (in the absence of evidence for its truth) to be EXTRA CONSERVATIVE when it comes to radiation exposure.
But it has been used to generate all kinds of unintended, and wrong risk assessments. LNT is roughly analogous to saying that if 50% of people who fall from 50 feet die, and 100% of people who fall from 100 feet die, then falling 1 foot gives you a 1% chance of dying, and falling 1 foot 100 times means you’ll die too.
And since, by the terms of the hypothesis, it would be unethical to expose large populations to low-doses of radiation and to see if the supposed cancer cases turn up, no one will ever attempt to disprove LNT clinically. Pretty convenient to have a theory that makes a prediction that makes it unethical to ever attempt to disprove the theory.
But nature is a test laboratory for LNT all the time, because there’s lot of places in the world where people get background doses of radiation 10, 50, even 100 times higher than what people commonly get. Do we see larger numbers of cancers in those places? No, we don’t. Some places we see even less cancer occurence.
Here’s the simple fact–the body can repair radiation damage. It does it all the time. But LNT assumes that this doesn’t happen. It’s like working out–you “break down” your muscles and they build up stronger than before.
But the Chicago Tribune has published this article with a SCARY headline intended to sell newspapers–but the real cost will come from people who do not seek medical treatment out of an imaginary fear of radiation that then leads to serious medical conditions going undiagnosed that WILL kill them. But I’m sure the scaremongers who wrote this article will rest easy knowing that at least they didn’t die from TERRIBLE SCARY RADIATION!!!
(thanks to Eric McErlain for the heads-up on the article…) | <urn:uuid:f4c7a687-0590-4140-a3ce-9c3462fda7f9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://energyfromthorium.com/2009/12/15/more-garbage-predictions-based-on-lnt/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.935494 | 589 | 2.375 | 2 |
The Union flag might not appear prominently on many space missions, but British expertise plays a major role in space, with a large number of commercial communications satellites, payloads for Earth observation, planetary science and deep space discovery spacecraft and propulsion systems all being made by British experts and at UK facilities.
With this in mind, we asked our readers their thoughts about the UK in space. We received 462 responses, of which half believe that the UK public does not know or appreciate enough about the British contribution to space science. Almost a third, however, thought that the UK’s contribution outweighed what could be expected of a country and economy of this size, with 29 per cent stating that the country should and does punch above its weight in space. A further 12 per cent said that space was just one industry among many and does not deserve special consideration, while nine per cent declined to pick an option.
The comment section was lively, with 33 contributions. One voice of experience came from Another Steve, who said that he had ambitions to work in the space sector from early childhood, but had become disillusioned. “After many decades of working in the UK space sector, military and civil, I’ve been left with a deep sense of frustration and a degree of cynicism,” he said. “Every project was always a fight to get adequate funding to support real engineering whilst a substantial portion of UK funds appeared to go towards the bureaucrats in government departments. I looked with envy at my international colleagues and their generous budgets.” Reader David Anderson put it down to typical British reticence. “Is it just the British ‘way’ that we don’t blow our own trumpet. All too often credit for expertise and invention seem to go to others rather than us. We should be rightly proud of the rich engineering and technical abilities of our nation and shout them from the rooftops. As mentioned earlier this is how you get the interest of the next generation of technicians.”
Several readers mentioned the recent news that the UK may pull out of the EU’s global positioning satellite project Galileo as a result of Brexit. “However I have a deep fear that the Brexit process will wreck these great works and undo the efforts of out world class engineers and scientists,” said Michael Reid. “I applaud the government for taking action to construct a satellite system once we are shut out of the Galileo system which we contribute to, once we leave the EU,” said David Searle.
The evocatively named Evil Villain added: “Whatever space industry we have now will be decimated after we leave the EU – anything that was placed that can be pulled out is being pulled out and nothing else is going to come our way.” Another Steve thought that the Galileo issue might have a long lasting effect: “I can’t help thinking this current government fascination with the space sector will fade away as budgets increase. The recent news concerning the EU/ESA political machinations over the Galileo project may very well be the start of the inevitable decline.”
John Hartley raised an important point. “People forget that every Pound/Dollar/Euro/Rouble you spend on a space project is spent here on Earth, creating jobs, building factories/launch sites, developing new materials & technologies. The spin off benefits are huge, but completely lost on the short term mindset of HM Treasury.”
Please continue to send us your thoughts on this subject. | <urn:uuid:3bfd9e8f-54f3-41cb-950a-171dc55a93e7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.theengineer.co.uk/content/news/last-week-s-poll-the-uk-in-space | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.961246 | 717 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Hello and welcome to Hedgehogs' class! We are a Reception, Year 1 and 2 class. We have lots of grown-ups to help and look after us whilst we are having fun learning. Miss Booth is class our teacher. We are lucky to have Mrs Pinkerton, Mrs Gill and Mrs Daley to help us too.
Our teachers make sure that our classroom is always inviting and colourful. We are proud of the work that we do and the teachers display our work for everyone to see!
We are also very lucky to have such a wonderful outdoor area and we do a lot of our learning outside. We make the most of it, even when it’s raining because we have a big shelter to keep us dry! We also have an amazing wildlife area where we make dens, look for mini-beasts, and explore Our teachers and helpers have an exciting plan to make this area even better!
Our Summer Topic is 'Green Fingers'
This term, PE is on a Wednesday, and Happy Hooves on a Monday. So our teacher asks if we could wear our PE kits in school on those days. Also, our teachers say that it is important that we have our names in our PE kits and school uniform. We must have our hair tied back and earrings removed.
Year 1 and 2 -
Spelling homework will be set on a Friday to practice at home ready for our spelling quiz on the following Friday morning.
Year 1 and 2- Weekly homework set on a Wednesday.
Year 1 children will have weekly homework.
Reading Raffle!! Children are also encouraged to read to an adult at least 4 times a week at home.
(Don't forget, if you read 4 times or more you, will receive a raffle ticket on a Friday and will be in with a chance of winning a brand new book!)
If you have any questions please do not hesitate to come and see me.
Thank you for your continued support, | <urn:uuid:b005f771-6857-4cd8-8283-e7c4e7cd3e32> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lowther.cumbria.sch.uk/hedgehogs-recyr1/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.965896 | 418 | 1.703125 | 2 |
In Malay, we often find calques ('loan translations') from English. Examples include: kenderaan pacuan empat roda ('four wheel drive vehicle'), mengambil peperiksaan ('take an exam'), sestiausaha tetap ('permanent secretary'), and many, many more.
But sometimes calques come from other languages. In this respect, I was interested in the following headline from page 1 of the Media Permata of 9 November 2011, at the top of a news report about a buffalo that declined to participate in the Hari Raya Aidiladha sacrifice and ran wild instead, causing all kinds of mayhem.Literally, it says 'Buffalo increases oil', but the naik minyak part looks suspiciously like it comes from the Chinese expression 加油 (jiā-yóu, 'add oil'), which is used to refer to a sudden increase in energy, for example for a team that needs an extra spurt of effort in order to win a game.
I don't know if naik minyak really does come from the Chinese expression; but it looks rather likely.
Après Babel in Marseilles
6 hours ago | <urn:uuid:c4114efb-0539-44bc-b27a-a6d091438285> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://brunei-linguistics.blogspot.com/2011/11/naik-minyak.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279410.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00171-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.912392 | 254 | 2 | 2 |
Globalization is the trend toward greater economic, cultural, ________, and ________ interdependence among national institutions and economies. regional; national temporary; mutual domestic; international political; technological
political; technological However, probably the most dangerous thing about globalization is that because most countries would operate a free market, then the bigger nations are able to kill off the smaller nations that are third world countries. Since the bigger nations have more manpower and more resources, they can provide better products. This in turn would mean big competition for the third world countries in a global market. This would be very harmful to those developing countries. | <urn:uuid:de37a873-1403-46c1-af2f-eb640856918d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://iuee.eu/en/globalization-is-the-trend-toward-greater-economic-cultural-and-interdependence.57665.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.938057 | 124 | 2.875 | 3 |
Students' poor grades will hit university bank balances under sweeping Government changesEasy answer to getting lots of money, give everybody an A+! Grade inflation on speed.
Tertiary Education Minister Anne Tolley yesterday released the Tertiary Education Strategy 2010-2015.
Tertiary institution funding will be linked to performance, the strategy says.
Initially, this will focus on student results.
Update: Eric Crampton notes that the only answer to the grade inflation he can think of is moving back to the old system of purely external assessment, with all papers being (set and) graded offshore. Imagine the cost! But even this may not be perfect, if we get to pick the external examiners then we will pick a few mates who will give the grades we want. Eric also points out that,
The Press article notes that while funding will initially be linked to student results, it'll eventually move to being linked to graduates' eventual jobs. I wonder how they'll track that. We don't even know where most of our undergrads wind up. What do they do with the large chunk of students who head overseas for their OE after finishing University?
This could all prove interesting. If it's the simple "first grades, then whether employed (or salary on employment)", the equilibrium is grade inflation plus refusing admission to anyone with a poor statistical chance of achieving decent employment outcomes. | <urn:uuid:359f7c70-71e4-433b-8959-6671bae65ad1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://antidismal.blogspot.com/2009/12/incentives-matter-education-file.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280587.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00567-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949935 | 283 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Wednesday, 19 March 2014
Adair Turner says “QE the entire government debt”
Turner made the above point in this article. Or at least he got near to saying the above. Nice to see someone in power getting to grips with Modern Monetary Theory.
Warren Mosler, a leading MMTer argued some time ago that government debt is a nonsense, and that the only liability issued by the government / central bank machine should be money, or more accurately, monetary base. See second last paragraph here.
I argued the same in 2010 here.
Of course, if the entire debt WERE MONETISED, that would probably be inflationary, thus it would be necessary to take countervailing anti-inflationary measures. I favour raised taxes. Turner has other ideas there. But the important point is that IN PRINCIPLE there is no difficulty in monetising the debt.
As distinct from “principle”, there might well be POLITICAL difficulties, but then there are always political difficulties in raising taxes – even when there is absolutely no resulting effect on GDP, employment or unemployment levels, as would be the case in the debt was monetised in a competent manner.
Also, in saying that there are no difficulties in principle in monetising the debt, I’m not saying that doing so is necessarily a good idea. That is, there are some arguments for debt as long as the interest paid on it is around zero in real or inflation adjusted terms. Personally I’d aim for a small negative rate: that way the country rips off its creditors, and I’m all for ripping people off..:-)
As to the world’s leading debt-phobes, Kenneth Rogoff and Carmen Reinhart, they’ll be completely baffled, and probably won’t know what to think about all this till the day they die.
(h/t to Mike Norman.) | <urn:uuid:1696667e-ef3c-4242-a39a-1fec17a141e9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ralphanomics.blogspot.com/2014/03/adair-turner-says-qe-entire-government.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.958884 | 404 | 1.625 | 2 |
| Mahesh Bhatt with Udit Raj at the ceremony. Picture by Ramakant Kushwaha
Gurgaon, Oct. 27: Over a hundred Dalits today embraced other religions in a “conversion mela” organised by a clutch of Dalit organisations to protest the lynching of five backward caste youths for skinning a cow for hide at Jhajjar near here.
Veer Shankar Lal Kharalia started the exodus from Hinduism, by choosing Islam. Mohammad Rafiq Azad read out the kalma — the mandatory declaration for embracing Islam — and rechristened him Saddam Hussein. Chandra Bhan Mehra followed. He embraced Christianity.
After the short ceremony, Saddam sounded as fiery and defiant as his famous namesake. “I challenge the VHP to reconvert me. Even if my life is in danger, I don’t care.”
Another tonsured youth, Satya Prakash, said: “Giriraj Kishore (the Vishwa Hindu Parishad leader) is responsible for my conversion, not Christian or Muslim leaders.” Asked why he converted, 23-year-old Harsh Kumar Kadipur, who became a Buddhist, said: “I want to take revenge for the Duleena (Jhajjar) killings.”
Among those who embraced Buddhism were about 20 relations of the lynched Dalits. Five-year-old Vipin, whose uncle Dayachand was one of the hapless victims, was among the first to become a Buddhist.
As the barber shaved his head after soaking his hair with bottles of mineral water, Dalit activists scribbled “Jai Bhim” — as Babasaheb Ambedkar was fondly called — on his scalp with a ballpoint pen.
Little Vipin, who could not have made much of the ceremony, sat through the diksha with moist eyes. The monk read out 22 pledges for the neo-converts to repeat, but he did not utter a word.
Although the numbers that converted today fell far short of the expectations of the organisers, outrage against “Manuvadi” Hindus and the VHP for according more value to the life of a cow than a Dalit was palpable in the gathering.
Ridiculing the VHP for according “mother status to cow”, Dalit leader Udit Raj said: “Cows are left uncared for, starving and forced to feed on garbage and polythene bags, and when they grow old and useless (are) sold to slaughter houses. No one sells his mother. Why do they wear shoes made of cow’s hide'”
Raj, chairman of the Confederation of SC/ST Organisations, criticised VHP leader Praveen Togadia for calling Sonia Gandhi a “dog” and called him names.
The organisers said today’s ceremony was only symbolic, and threatened to convert en masse at the block and district levels later.
But some in the gathering did not agree with the exercise. “What is the use of this conversion' Will a Muslim girl marry us if we convert' They are emotional,” said a youth watching the ceremony. Nand Lal, another Dalit, said: “I spit on them (the converted).”
Alleging “politics” behind the conversion, Kishore Kumar Kullu said: “I am a chamar, I will continue to be a chamar.”
Speaker after speaker addressed these sections, exhorting them to quit a religion and a social system that gives more importance to a cow than a human being.
To hammer home the point, a cow covered with placards, reading “Cow is more important than Dalits: Giriraj Kishore”, “You burn us according to Manu rites”, “Don’t wear footwear made of mother’s (cow) skin”, “Don’t sell holy mother” was paraded around the dais.
Dalit organisations, including the Confederation of SC/ST Organisations, Lord Buddha Club and Valmiki Maha Sangh have decided not to celebrate Diwali in Haryana on November 4 and threatened more conversions.
Rubbing shoulders with leaders of Dalits, Muslims and Christians was director Mahesh Bhatt. “I am a concerned citizen. I feel outraged. I came to express outrage, to deepen that sense of outrage,” he said.
“I belong to a dream world. More often we don’t see things. We close our eyes. Salman Khan got more media coverage than the Dalit killings. The fire should not be stoked, it should not be allowed to spread. We should ask those we vote for, how long it will continue'” he told the gathering.
He felt there was no need for a god or religion to treat humans as humans. “Solution does not lie in conversion. It is a tool of protest,” Bhatt said.
When Catherine Philips of the London Times asked Raj if he was “trying to exploit the sentiments of Dalits by converting them”, a stern-looking Bhatt butted in: “Has not George (W.) Bush exploited the WTC (World Trade Center) attack'” | <urn:uuid:359b7347-cf00-4a82-ad6b-1f474116c1e9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.telegraphindia.com/1021028/asp/nation/story_1331720.asp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00383-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951165 | 1,135 | 1.84375 | 2 |
Methylphenidate normalizes frontocingulate underactivation during error processing in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
ABSTRACT: Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have deficits in performance monitoring often improved with the indirect catecholamine agonist methylphenidate (MPH). We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the effects of single-dose MPH on activation of error processing brain areas in medication-naive boys with ADHD during a stop task that elicits 50% error rates.Twelve medication-naive boys with ADHD were scanned twice, under either a single clinical dose of MPH or placebo, in a randomized, double-blind design while they performed an individually adjusted tracking stop task, designed to elicit 50% failures. Brain activation was compared within patients under either drug condition. To test for potential normalization effects of MPH, brain activation in ADHD patients under either drug condition was compared with that of 13 healthy age-matched boys.During failed inhibition, boys with ADHD under placebo relative to control subjects showed reduced brain activation in performance monitoring areas of dorsomedial and left ventrolateral prefrontal cortices, thalamus, cingulate, and parietal regions. MPH, relative to placebo, upregulated activation in these brain regions within patients and normalized all activation differences between patients and control subjects. During successful inhibition, MPH normalized reduced activation observed in patients under placebo compared with control subjects in parietotemporal and cerebellar regions.MPH normalized brain dysfunction in medication-naive ADHD boys relative to control subjects in typical brain areas of performance monitoring, comprising left ventrolateral and dorsomedial frontal and parietal cortices. This could underlie the amelioration of MPH of attention and academic performance in ADHD.
Project description:The stimulant methylphenidate (MPX) and the nonstimulant atomoxetine (ATX) are the most commonly prescribed medications for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, no functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study has as yet investigated the effects of ATX on inhibitory or any other brain function in ADHD patients or compared its effects with those of MPX. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover pharmacological design was used to compare the neurofunctional effects of single doses of MPX, ATX, and placebo during a stop task, combined with fMRI within 19 medication-naive ADHD boys, and their potential normalization effects relative to 29 age-matched healthy boys. Compared with controls, ADHD boys under placebo showed bilateral ventrolateral prefrontal, middle temporal, and cerebellar underactivation. Within patients, MPX relative to ATX and placebo significantly upregulated right ventrolateral prefrontal activation, which correlated with enhanced inhibitory capacity. Relative to controls, both drugs significantly normalized the left ventrolateral prefrontal underactivation observed under placebo, while MPX had a drug-specific effect of normalizing right ventrolateral prefrontal and cerebellar underactivation observed under both placebo and ATX. The findings show shared and drug-specific effects of MPX and ATX on performance and brain activation during inhibitory control in ADHD patients with superior upregulation and normalization effects of MPX.
Project description:Youth with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have deficits in interference inhibition, which can be improved with the indirect catecholamine agonist methylphenidate (MPH). Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to investigate the effects of a single dose of MPH on brain activation during interference inhibition in medication-naïve ADHD boys. Medication-naïve boys with ADHD were scanned twice, in a randomized, double-blind design, under either a single clinical dose of MPH or placebo, while performing a Simon task that measures interference inhibition and controls for the oddball effect of low-frequency appearance of incongruent trials. Brain activation was compared within patients under either drug condition. To test for potential normalization effects of MPH, brain activation in ADHD patients under either drug condition was compared with that of healthy age-matched comparison boys. During incongruent trials compared with congruent-oddball trials, boys with ADHD under placebo relative to controls showed reduced brain activation in typical areas of interference inhibition, including right inferior prefrontal cortex, left striatum and thalamus, mid-cingulate/supplementary motor area, and left superior temporal lobe. MPH relative to placebo upregulated brain activation in right inferior prefrontal and premotor cortices. Under the MPH condition, patients relative to controls no longer showed the reduced activation in right inferior prefrontal and striato-thalamic regions. Effect size comparison, furthermore, showed that these normalization effects were significant. MPH significantly normalized the fronto-striatal underfunctioning in ADHD patients relative to controls during interference inhibition, but did not affect medial frontal or temporal dysfunction. MPH therefore appears to have a region-specific upregulation effect on fronto-striatal activation.
Project description:We used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) to investigate the acute effects of methylphenidate hydrochloride (MPH) on spontaneous brain activity in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In all, 23 boys with ADHD were scanned twice, under either 10?mg dose of MPH or placebo, in a randomized, cross-over, counterbalanced placebo-controlled design. 32 Matched healthy controls were scanned once for comparison. Seven of the 23 ADHD boys participated in a follow-up 8-week MPH treatment. A regional homogeneity (ReHo) method was applied to characterize the local synchronization of spontaneous brain activity. ADHD boys under placebo compared with controls showed decreased ReHo in bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortices and increased ReHo in bilateral sensorimotor and parieto-visual cortices. Relative to placebo, MPH upregulated ReHo in bilateral ventral prefrontal cortices and cerebellar vermis, and downregulated ReHo in right parietal and visual areas that overlapped with the abnormally enhanced activities. When under MPH, ReHo differences between patients and controls were no longer observed. The preliminary prediction analysis revealed that the decreased ReHo in right parietal cortex after the acute MPH was positively correlated with the decreased symptom scores after the 8-week MPH treatment in the seven patients. We show that an acute dose of MPH normalized all fronto-parieto-cerebellar dysfunctions in boys with ADHD during the resting state. Preliminary findings furthermore suggest the potential of RS-fMRI as a prognostic imaging tool to identify response to MPH treatment.
Project description:Methylphenidate (MPH) improves behavioral symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Its effects on sleep, however, are insufficiently known, as trials with MPH in medication-naive children were so far restricted to relatively short trial durations. Here, we assessed effects of prolonged MPH treatment on sleep in medication-naive boys in a 16-weeks double-blind, placebo controlled, multicenter clinical trial with immediate-release MPH (ePOD-MPH trial, NTR3103). Seventy-five medication-naive boys, aged 10-12 years, were screened for eligibility using ADHD DSM-IV criteria. Sleep was assessed using actigraphy, diaries and questionnaires prior to randomization, in week 8, and 1 week after trial end. Fifty boys (mean age 11.4y, SD 0.9) were randomized to MPH or placebo. Linear mixed model analysis demonstrated a significant time-by-treatment interaction effect (p = 0.007) on sleep efficiency. Post-hoc analyses demonstrated that the two groups did not differ from each other (p = 0.94) during treatment (week 8), but that sleep efficiency was significantly improved in the MPH (p = 0.005), but not placebo group (p = 0.87) 1 week after trial end. The lack of MPH's negative effects on sleep during treatment differ from most previous studies and could be explained by the relatively long trial duration in our study and the medication-naive status of our sample; suggesting that evaluating sleep problems only shortly after treatment onset presents an incomplete picture, because it might not be representative for sleep quality after longer treatment periods. Our findings of improved sleep after trial end could be due to rebound effects or longer-term effects of MPH treatment and therefore require replication. Clinical Trial Registration:Central Committee on Research Involving Human Subjects (an independent registry, identifier NL34509.000.10) before enrollment of the first subject and The Netherlands National Trial Register, identifier NTR3103.
Project description:An objective biomarker is a compelling need for the early diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as well as for the monitoring of pharmacological treatment effectiveness. The advent of fNIRS, which is relatively robust to the body movements of ADHD children, raised the possibility of introducing functional neuroimaging diagnosis in younger ADHD children. Using fNIRS, we monitored the oxy-hemoglobin signal changes of 16 ADHD children (6 to 13 years old) performing a go/no-go task before and 1.5 h after MPH or placebo administration, in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. 16 age- and gender-matched normal controls without MPH administration were also monitored. Relative to control subjects, unmedicated ADHD children exhibited reduced activation in the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and middle frontal gyrus (MFG) during go/no-go tasks. The reduced right IFG/MFG activation was acutely normalized after MPH administration, but not after placebo administration. The MPH-induced right IFG/MFG activation was significantly larger than the placebo-induced activation. Post-scan exclusion rate was 0% among 16 right-handed ADHD children with IQ > 70. We revealed that the right IFG/MFG activation could serve as a neuro-functional biomarker for monitoring the acute effects of methylphenidate in ADHD children. fNIRS-based examinations were applicable to ADHD children as young as 6 years old, and thus would contribute to early clinical diagnosis and treatment of ADHD children.
Project description:Although methylphenidate hydrochloride (MPH) is a first-line treatment for children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the non-response rate is 30%. Our aim was to develop a supplementary neuroimaging biomarker for predicting the clinical effect of continuous MPH administration by using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). After baseline assessment, we performed a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial with a single dose of MPH, followed by a prospective 4-to-8-week open trial with continuous MPH administration, and an ancillary 1-year follow-up. Twenty-two drug-naïve and eight previously treated children with ADHD (NAÏVE and NON-NAÏVE) were compared with 20 healthy controls (HCs) who underwent multiple NIRS measurements without intervention. We tested whether NIRS signals at the baseline assessment or ?NIRS (single dose of MPH minus baseline assessment) predict the Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S) score after 4-to-8-week or 1-year MPH administration. The secondary outcomes were the effect of MPH on NIRS signals after single-dose, 4-to-8-week, and 1-year administration. ?NIRS significantly predicted CGI-S after 4-to-8-week MPH administration. The leave-one-out classification algorithm had 81% accuracy using the NIRS signal. ?NIRS also significantly predicted CGI-S scores after 1 year of MPH administration. For secondary analyses, NAÏVE exhibited significantly lower prefrontal activation than HCs at the baseline assessment, whereas NON-NAÏVE and HCs showed similar activation. A single dose of MPH significantly increased activation compared with the placebo in NAÏVE. After 4-to-8-week administration, and even after MPH washout following 1-year administration, NAÏVE demonstrated normalized prefrontal activation. Supplementary NIRS measurements may serve as an objective biomarker for clinical decisions and monitoring concerning continuous MPH treatment in children with ADHD.
Project description:Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been frequently reported as co-occurring with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, ASD-comorbid ADHD is difficult to diagnose since clinically significant symptoms are similar in both disorders. Therefore, we propose a classification method of differentially recognizing the ASD-comorbid condition in ADHD children. The classification method was investigated based on functional brain imaging measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during a go/no-go task. Optimization and cross-validation of the classification method was carried out in medicated-naïve and methylphenidate (MPH) administered ADHD and ASD-comorbid ADHD children (randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and crossover design) to select robust parameters and cut-off thresholds. The parameters could be defined as either single or averaged multi-channel task-evoked activations under an administration condition (i.e., pre-medication, post-MPH, and post-placebo). The ADHD children were distinguished by significantly high MPH-evoked activation in the right hemisphere near the midline vertex. The ASD-comorbid ADHD children tended to have low activation responses in all regions. High specificity (86 ± 4.1%; mean ± SD), sensitivity (93 ± 7.3%), and accuracy (82 ± 1.6%) were obtained using the activation of oxygenated-hemoglobin concentration change in right middle frontal, angular, and precentral gyri under MPH medication. Therefore, the significantly differing MPH-evoked responses are potentially effective features and as supporting differential diagnostic tools.
Project description:Smoking withdrawal negatively impacts inhibitory control, and these effects are greater for smokers with preexisting attention problems, such as attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The current study preliminarily evaluated changes in inhibitory control-related behavior and brain activation during smoking withdrawal among smokers with ADHD. Moreover, we investigated the role of catecholamine transmission in these changes by examining the effects of 40 mg methylphenidate (MPH) administration. Adult daily smokers with (n=17) and without (n=20) ADHD completed fMRI scanning under each of three conditions: (a) smoking as usual+placebo; (b) 24 h smoking abstinence+placebo and (c) 24 h smoking abstinence+MPH. Scan order was randomized and counterbalanced. Participants completed a modified Go/No-Go task to assess both sustained and transient inhibitory control. Voxelwise analysis of task-related BOLD signal revealed a significant group-by-abstinence interaction in occipital/parietal cortex during sustained inhibition, with greater abstinence-induced decreases in activation observed among ADHD smokers compared with non-ADHD smokers. Changes in behavioral performance during abstinence were associated with changes in activation in regions of occipital and parietal cortex and bilateral insula during sustained inhibition in both groups. MPH administration improved behavioral performance and increased sustained inhibitory control-related activation for both groups. During transient inhibition, MPH increased prefrontal activation for both groups and increased striatal activation only among ADHD smokers. These preliminary findings suggest that abstinence-induced changes in catecholamine transmission in visual attention areas (eg, occipital and superior parietal cortex) may be associated with inhibitory control deficits and contribute to smoking vulnerability among individuals with ADHD.
Project description:Methylphenidate (MPH) is a first line treatment for ADHD and is also misused as a purported cognitive enhancer, yet its effects on brain function are still poorly understood. Recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies showed that MPH altered cortico-striatal resting functional connectivity (RFC). Here we investigated the effects of MPH in thalamic connectivity since the thalamus modulates striato-cortical signaling. We hypothesized that MPH would increase thalamic connectivity and metabolism, and that this response would be blunted in cannabis abusers. For this purpose, we measured RFC in seven thalamic nuclei using fMRI and brain glucose metabolism using positron emission tomography (PET) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in sixteen healthy controls and thirteen participants with cannabis use disorder (CUD) twice after placebo and after MPH (0.5?mg/kg, iv). MPH significantly increased thalamo-cerebellar connectivity and cerebellar metabolism to the same extent in both groups. Group comparisons revealed that in CUD compared to controls, metabolism in nucleus accumbens was lower for the placebo and MPH measures, that MPH-induced increases in thalamic metabolism were blunted, and that enhanced negative connectivity between thalamus and accumbens in CUD was normalized by MPH (reducing negative connectivity). Our findings identify the thalamus as a target of MPH, which increased its metabolism and connectivity. The reduced metabolism in nucleus accumbens and the disrupted thalamo-accumbens connectivity (enhanced negative connectivity) in CUD is consistent with impaired reactivity of the brain reward's circuit. MPH's normalization of thalamo-accumbens connectivity (reduced negative connectivity) brings forth its potential therapeutic value in CUD, which merits investigation.
Project description:This study examined the degree to which reinforcement, stimulant medication, and their combination impact response inhibition in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Across three studies, participants with ADHD (n = 111, 25 girls) and typically-developing (TD) controls (n = 33, 6 girls) completed a standard version of the stop signal task (SST) and/or a reinforcement-manipulation SST with performance-contingent points. In two of these studies, these tasks were performed under placebo or 0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg methylphenidate (MPH) conditions. Cross-study comparisons were conducted to test hypotheses regarding the separate and combined effects of reinforcement and methylphenidate on response inhibition among children with ADHD relative to TD controls. Baseline response inhibition was worse among children with ADHD compared to controls. MPH produced dose-related improvements in response inhibition in children with ADHD; compared to non-medicated TD controls, 0.3 mg/kg MPH normalized deficient response inhibition, and 0.6 mg/kg MPH resulted in better inhibition in children with ADHD. Reinforcement improved response inhibition to a greater extent for children with ADHD than for TD children, normalizing response inhibition. The combination of MPH and reinforcement improved response inhibition among children with ADHD compared to reinforcement alone and MPH alone, also resulting in normalization of response inhibition despite repeated task exposure. Deficient response inhibition commonly observed in children with ADHD is significantly improved with MPH and/or reinforcement, normalizing inhibition relative to TD children tested under standard conditions. | <urn:uuid:52e40a84-916c-4553-8c31-657a98e5b555> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.omicsdi.org/dataset/biostudies/S-EPMC3139835 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00674.warc.gz | en | 0.932256 | 3,925 | 1.703125 | 2 |
Thursday, April 2, 2009
The number of new jobless claims in the United States rose more than expected last week to a 26-year high as employers slashed payrolls amid a recession, government data showed Thursday.
The Labor Department said initial claims for unemployment benefits rose to a seasonally adjusted 669,000 in the week ending March 28, a 1.8 percent increase from the previous week and the highest level since early October 1982.
The department said claims filed in the week ending March 21 were revised higher to 657,000 from 652,000. Most analysts had forecast jobless claims would fall to 650,000 last week.
(ARTICLE CONTINUES BELOW)
The four-week moving average of initial claims, a more reliable indicator of unemployment trends, was 656,750, the highest level since mid-October 1982. The rolling indicator marked an increase of 6,500 from the preceding week’s revised average of 650,250.
During the week ending March 21, the insured unemployment rate rose to 4.3 percent, a 0.1 percentage point gain from the previous week’s unrevised 4.2 percent. The jobless rate was the highest since late May 1983.
In the same week, the number of people claiming unemployment insurance benefits leapt by 161,000 to 5.728 million, an all-time high for the data that has been tracked since 1967.
This article was posted: Thursday, April 2, 2009 at 12:55 pm | <urn:uuid:f6e6252c-11c8-4df5-b73e-dd0ba820520b> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.prisonplanet.com/new-us-jobless-claims-hit-669000-in-week.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719465.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00096-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963422 | 307 | 1.695313 | 2 |
Not seeing results from your strength-training routine?
Exercise equipment manufacturer Life Fitness offers these tips to make sure you’re not just wasting time on weights:
Use good form To build muscle and prevent injuries, make sure you’re doing every move correctly. Stand up straight, keep your abs tight and chest up, retract your shoulder blades and keep your arms naturally at your sides. If you’re at a gym, ask a trainer about proper form. If you’re working out at home and unsure how to correctly perform strength exercises, hire a personal trainer for a session or two.
Don’t rely on momentum Lift and lower weights carefully through the entire range of motion, which will make your muscles do more work. Don’t swing the weights.
Choose proper weight Lifting too little or too much weight can be ineffective and, at worse, unsafe. Lift enough weight that your muscles become tired at the end of the set of 12-15 muscles. If you’re not feeling anything, you’re lifting too light.
Use compound exercises. Work more than one group of muscles at a time to streamline your workout. Do walking lunges (which use several lower body muscles) while doing biceps curls, for example. | <urn:uuid:83d2e11a-9449-4b5d-b503-415c89131abd> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://blog.mysanantonio.com/getfit/2010/06/making-every-rep-count/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00328-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.899479 | 263 | 1.984375 | 2 |
This documentation contains procedural and conceptual information about FirstPAGE Client. It was written to help server administrators install and maintain FirstPAGE Client and also to provide them with a general knowledge of how the product works.
FirstPAGE Client provides you with a simple, easy to use interface for creating and sending pages to remote users. It provides full access to a detailed address book of all users accessible by name, alias or locator.
While it is not required that the user have any prior programming, or communications experience, the user should understand basic Windows concepts.
While this guide exists primarily as a user guide, it also contains detailed information regarding the installation of FirstPAGE Client. The installation section takes you through installation procedures, setup instructions and general requirements.
The terminology used in this manual is defined in the glossary end of this manual. | <urn:uuid:699413d5-f853-47df-a23f-21731c09eef7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://proscada.ru/cimplicity/fpclient/fpclient_v8/getting_started.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00468-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.901021 | 171 | 1.59375 | 2 |
| Author William L. Wolcott|
Bill Wolcott is the world's leading authority on Metabolic Typing, a revolutionary dietary technology that enables people to optimize their health and fitness by identifying their own highly individualized nutritional needs, and tailoring their diets accordingly.
As a nutritional expert, Bill has a very unique background. For over 20 years he has provided technical consulting services to health professionals throughout the United States and Europe - including MDs, nutritionists, naturopaths and chiropractors. In this capacity, Bill has personally developed computer-based, customized "metabolic profiles" on tens of thousands of patients.
Practitioners throughout the world use Bill's nutritional profiles as the basis of tailor-made therapeutic regimes for people with many different types of chronic health problems. Over the years these customized metabolic protocols have proven to be remarkably effective in helping to prevent and reverse all kinds of chronic ailments.
Although the traditional health care system excels in the treatment of medical emergencies, traumatic injuries and acute health problems of short duration, it's never been oriented toward effective management of chronic, long-term health disorders.
As many people are aware, chronic health problems do not typically respond to conventional medical treatments such as drug and surgical intervention. Instead, they most often require lifestyle modification, especially in the area of diet and nutrition.
For many years, scientists and health practitioners worldwide have recognized the critical importance of nutritional therapy. Clinicians have been intensely interested in offering effective nutritional guidance to patients, yet they've been frustrated by the inability to find nutritional solutions that work well for everyone.
However, as far back as the 1930s, scientists and researchers began to identify specific ways in which human beings differ from one another on a biochemical or metabolic level, due largely to genetic inheritance. Based on this information, researchers also began to discover that many kinds of chronic ailments could be resolved when people adopted dietary and nutritional regimes compatible with their own unique body chemistry. They began to differentiate people from one another on the basis of their "metabolic type."
Over the course of the 20th century, many leading scientists and clinicians contributed to the field that has come to be known as "Metabolic Typing." It is actually the culmination of 70 years of pioneering research on the part of many of the 20th century's most significant nutritional researchers - including Francis Pottenger, M.D., Weston Price, D.D.S., Royal Lee, D.D.S., Emmanuel Revici, M.D., William Donald Kelley, D.D.S., George Watson, Ph.D., and Roger Williams, Ph.D.
Beginning in the late 1970s, Bill Wolcott joined this cadre of researchers and over the last two decades has played a pivotal role in advancing the field of Metabolic Typing into a very sophisticated nutritional discipline. For example, in 1983 he discovered critical new dimensions of the way in which human metabolism is controlled by the Oxidative System and the Autonomic Nervous System. Bill published a paper on this topic and over the course of the 1980s and 1990s made many additional discoveries that continued to transform Metabolic Typing into a multi-dimensional clinical and academic discipline.
Unlike other current dietary approaches which distinguish people from one another on the basis of single variables - such as body typing and blood typing - Metabolic Typing utilizes many different aspects of a person's physiological makeup in order to specify a diet appropriate for that person. Metabolic Typing uses multiple biochemical or metabolic indicators and seeks to identify patterns among these variables - patterns that reveal how a person's system is genetically designed to digest or utilize or "process" specific foods and nutrients.
In 1986, Bill and his wife Suzi Wolcott founded Healthexcel, a unique technical consulting organization based in Winthrop, Washington. Bill's highly specialized expertise in the area of nutritional biochemistry - combined with his prodigious abilities in the realm of computer science - have made Healthexcel a leading edge provider of customized nutrition products and services. | <urn:uuid:027f768a-1b11-40dd-b8fe-570678de0e69> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://metabolictypingdiet.com/_Lauthor1.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719136.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00468-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949372 | 820 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Q: How do you hide something from a Black Man? A: Put it in a book.
Q: Why did they invent white chocolate? A: So all black kids could get their faces messy too.
Why do niggers stink? So blind people can hate them too.
What’s the difference between a dead skunk in the road and a dead black person in the road? There’s skid marks in front of the skunk.
Q: Why do police dogs lick their balls? A: To get the taste of negro out of thier mouths
Q: Why do more niggers get hit by cars in the winter? A: They're easier to spot.
Black Jokes are not funny I have a black guy in my family way up in my family tree. He's been hanging there for quite a while.
Only if they had more mosquito nets in Africa. We would be able to save millions of mosquitos from dying horribly from HIV.
Q: How do you know Noah was a White man? A: No nigger could stay on a boat for 40 days without eating the chickens!
Q: What do u do when your sitting in the dark and your tv starts to float? A: You turn on the lights and shoot the black people. | <urn:uuid:f004c81c-34e8-4d87-8b4f-b2be9a43b011> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://unijokes.com/black-people-jokes/13/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.957388 | 267 | 1.585938 | 2 |
He malware and the smartphones They have always had a close relationship. Especially if we talk about certain models of Chinese manufacturers that carry out unorthodox activities. Now Kaspersky reveals that many Android phones continue to host malware inside them, which is also almost impossible to remove from the system.
One of the main reasons why we should install a good antivirus on our mobile phones is to fight against infected infected apps that we can download from the Play Store or, most logically, from third-party markets that are not closely watched. What is not so logical is that these infected files are that they come standard with the smartphone and, even less, that it is impossible to uninstall them.
Mobile phones with pre-installed malware
Now security researchers have warned that a large number of phones running Android may be storing ‘unrecoverable’ files and applications. Apparently these smartphones could house malicious files or elements without the user’s knowledge. Overall, the company found that 14.8% of all users attacked by malware or adware in the last year they suffered an infection of the system partition, which means that the files were embedded in applications and system libraries not recoverable at the code level. That is to say, they were not in downloaded applications but they already came with the phone.
One of the examples cited by the security company is he CookieStealer malware, which started showing up on affected models in March 2020 and installing apps on victims’ devices to earn money for advertising. Of course, all of this without your consent. According to the report, this malware, which is only the example of many others, may have infected more than a quarter of the devices offered by some low-cost Android providers, that is, the famous Chinese mobile phones of strange brands that are still clones of the big top of the range of 2020.
In MovilZona we have already talked about how unreliable these mobiles are, quite easy to locate on Wish or Aliexpress. These are usually the main hooks to host malware in your guts. However,. there are better known brands, like Meizu, who was already accused of reaching stores with a pre-installed application that launches adware hidden that can run in invisible windows, increasing data usage and putting battery life at risk.
Impossible to erase?
Worst of all, Kaspersky cautions that the most likely scenario is that for many users it will be impossible to completely remove all adware and the malware of their devices, and that they may have to learn to live with it. | <urn:uuid:18033ec1-9ef1-4e27-be79-02994aa4aa73> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://2yb.org/millions-of-mobiles-have-malware-hidden-in-the-system/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00476.warc.gz | en | 0.965216 | 530 | 1.773438 | 2 |
Treatment of the primary tumor reportedly improves survival in several types of metastatic cancer. We herein evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of radiotherapy for the primary tumor in prostate cancer with metastasis.
The study cohort included 140 men with metastatic prostate cancer at initial diagnosis. Metastatic sites were divided into 4 groups as follows: solitary bone, 2–4 bones, ≥5 bones, and visceral organs. Patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics, and clinical outcomes were compared between patients treated with (prostate radiotherapy [PRT] group) or without radiotherapy to the primary tumor.
Patients in PRT group presented with a statistically significantly younger age (p = .02), whereas other characteristics showed no significant difference. Overall survival (OS) and biochemical failure-free survival (BCFFS) were improved in PRT patients (3-year OS: 69% vs. 43%, p = 0.004; 3-year BCFFS: 52% vs. 16%, p = 0.002). Multivariate analysis identified PRT as a significant predictor of both OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.43, p = 0.015). None of the 38 PRT patients experienced severe (grade ≥3) genitourinary or gastrointestinal toxicity.
Our data suggest that radiotherapy to the primary tumor was associated with improved OS and BCFFS in metastatic prostate cancer. The results of this study warrant prospective controlled clinical trials of this approach in stage IV prostate cancer patients with limited extent of bone metastasis and good performance status.
Citation: Cho Y, Chang JS, Rha KH, Hong SJ, Choi YD, Ham WS, et al. (2016) Does Radiotherapy for the Primary Tumor Benefit Prostate Cancer Patients with Distant Metastasis at Initial Diagnosis? PLoS ONE 11(1): e0147191. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0147191
Editor: Nils Cordes, Dresden University of Technology, GERMANY
Received: July 16, 2015; Accepted: December 30, 2015; Published: January 25, 2016
Copyright: © 2016 Cho et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Data Availability: Data available upon request due to ethical restrictions regarding patient confidentiality. Interested researchers may submit requests for data to Jaeho Cho, MD, PhD, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, 03722 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, S.Korea.
Funding: This work was supported by a faculty research grant from Yonsei University College of Medicine in 2014 (6-2014-0031).
Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Aggressive treatment of the primary tumor is usually not recommended for patients with stage IV metastatic cancers. However, in certain types of malignancy, local treatment of the primary site with systemic therapy reportedly improves overall survival (OS) or enhances the efficacy of other therapeutics for the metastatic disease. In 1989, the Southwest Oncology Group initiated a randomized trial of nephrectomy in metastatic renal-cell cancer [1,2]. This study demonstrated that nephrectomy followed by interferon therapy resulted in longer survival among patients with metastatic renal-cell cancer than interferon therapy alone. In another trial, nephrectomy significantly improved the median OS from 7 to 17 months . In 2004, Temple et al. reported that metastatic colon cancer patients undergoing primary tumor resection had a better response to chemotherapy . Recent retrospective studies have shown that radiotherapy (RT) to or surgical excision of the primary tumor is associated with a better prognosis in patients with metastatic breast cancer [5,6]. Furthermore, the prognosis of stage IV metastatic diseases is relatively good in the above-mentioned cancer types. Even in advanced cancer, local treatment becomes more important as patient survival time increases because it can prevent subsequent distant seeding and relieve local symptoms due to progression of the primary site.
Similarly, prostate cancer patients with stage IV metastatic diseases also have a relatively good survival . Hormonal therapy is the most commonly used first-line therapy for metastatic prostate cancer . However, systemic therapy alone has resulted in a median survival of no more than 36 months in metastatic prostate cancer patients [9–11]. An intuitive argument is that in potentially metastatic cancer, the longer the primary tumor remains, the more metastatic events will occur . Cytoreductive treatment via primary tumor radiotherapy may have a role in the management of metastatic prostate cancer.
Moreover, the systemic effect of RT, called the abscopal effect, has been explored in several studies [13,14]. The local inflammatory reactions generated by RT activate several immunological signals and contribute to better antigen cross-presentation leading to CD8+cytotoxic T-cell activation. In other words, the signals induced by RT could convert the irradiated tumor into an immunogenic antigen and the host’s immune system response to the tumor can contribute both to the local response to RT and to a systemic rejection of metastasis .
In general, local treatment for the primary tumor includes surgery and radiotherapy. For prostate cancer, radiation therapy is less invasive with newly developed techniques to minimize side effects . If the therapy is well tolerated with minimal side effects, more aggressive treatment to the primary tumor can be applied in metastatic diseases.
In the present study, we aimed to investigate the role of radiotherapy to the primary tumor in patients with prostate cancer presenting as M1 diseases, with an assumption that the natural course of the diseases could be improved if the primary tumors are treated locally together with systemic therapy.
Materials and Methods
We identified 3,578 consecutive men who were diagnosed with prostate cancer between 2003 and 2011 at our institution. All men presented with metastatic disease at initial diagnosis or within 1 month from the initial diagnosis were included. Patients with other primary malignancies or those who underwent prostatectomy before radiotherapy were excluded. The final study cohort of this study included 140 men. The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage was used to classify metastatic disease. Metastases to the pelvic lymph node (LN), including the obturator, iliac, sacral, and hypogastric LN were defined to be regional LN metastases, and metastases beyond the pelvic cavity were classified as distant metastases, clinically M1 disease.
This study was approved by Institutional review board (IRB) of Yonsei University Health System (IRB protocol number 4-2014-0842). All data were collected by analyzing medical reports and information in our institutional medical records. However, due to the retrospective aspect of this study, patient informed consent was not provided for this study. But all subjects had provided written permission for their medical records to be used for research purposes as provided for.
Treatment type and indication
Of 140 eligible men in this study, 63 (45%) did not receive any radiotherapy. Among 77 patients (55%) who received radiotherapy, local radiotherapy to the primary tumor was performed in 38 patients (27%) (Fig 1A). In the present study, local treatment to the primary tumor was confined to radiotherapy delivered to the prostate, but not surgery. Radiotherapy was delivered to the prostate with pre-defined margins according to European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) guideline , and metastatic lesions were treated to include gross tumor volume and appropriate margins (Fig 1B). Indication for radiotherapy to the prostate was decided based on the needs of patients with urinary symptoms and personalized at the discretion of the treating radiation oncologist. Systemic therapy, as indicated by the treating urologist or oncologist, might be given before radiotherapy and immediately after diagnosis. Indications for radiotherapy to metastatic lesions included pain, risk of fracture, and neurologic complications or disease control without any symptom. Most patients (96%) started androgen deprivation therapy at the time of initial diagnosis.
Outcome and toxicity analysis
In this study, the primary endpoint was OS, and the secondary endpoints included biochemical failure-free survival (BCFFS). The Phoenix definition (nadir + 2 ng/mL) is commonly used due to several limitations of the previous ASTRO definition. However, the Phoenix definition also has limitations and a controversy still exists. We defined BCFFS as three consecutive increases in the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level after nadir (ASTRO definition) for the following reasons. First, our patients had metastatic disease with more extensive lesions and their baseline PSA level was relatively higher (median 190 ng/mL, range 3.1–17800 ng/mL) than those without metastasis. Second, unless all tumors are cured, there are still residual tumors and the nadir PSA levels do not fall to subclinical levels (<4 ng/ml) in many patients. Third, patients treated with ADT frequently show PSA bounces and a nadir + 2 ng/mL definition could result in more false-positive incidents in metastatic patients. In addition, the definition of castration-resistant prostate cancer is rising PSA levels or progressive disease in the setting of serum testosterone levels within the castrate range (< 50 ng/dl) . Overall, considering these reasons, we thought the ASTRO definition is more applicable in metastatic cancer and we used the ASTRO definition in our study.
Toxicity monitoring was performed on patients receiving radiotherapy during all follow-up visits. Gastrointestinal (GI) or genitourinary (GU) toxicity was scored according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group and EORTC criteria. Hematologic toxicity was scored according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0. Each patient who received radiotherapy underwent weekly hematologic evaluation. The parameters included all hematologic abnormalities, GI or GU symptoms, and other adverse events reported by patients.
Two groups of patients were analyzed in this study: those whose primary tumor was treated with radiotherapy (the prostate radiotherapy [PRT] group) and those who did not received radiotherapy to their primary tumor. Comparisons of patient and treatment characteristics between the two groups were performed using the chi-square and Fisher exact tests. The rates of OS and BCFFS were calculated by the Kaplan–Meier method. Statistical significance of survival differences was examined using the log-rank test. Cox’s regression model was used for multivariate analysis of OS. All significance was established at p < 0.05. All statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS software package, version 20.0.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
Patient and radiotherapy characteristics
Table 1 summarizes the clinical characteristics of the entire cohort and comparison between patients who received prostate radiotherapy and those who did not. The median age was 69 years, and 55% of the patients were ≥70 years. The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status was 0–1 in 79% of patients; 74% had a Gleason score ≥8; and the initial PSA levels were ≥100 ng/mL in 61% of patients. The number of metastatic lesions on initial presentation was 1 in 13% of patients, 2–4 in 30%, and ≥5 in 40%, with 78% of the cases being bone metastases. Age was the only factor with significant distribution difference between PRT and non-PRT patients, whereas no significant differences in the distribution of performance status, Gleason score at diagnosis, initial PSA level, disease extent, metastatic site, and the use and duration of androgen deprivation therapy were observed between the two groups.
All patients received conventional or hypo-fractionated radiotherapy with a median dose of 60 Gy in 24 fractions (fx) (varying from 30 Gy/10 fx-72.6 Gy/33 fx) to the prostate (1.8–4 Gy per fraction). Common radiation schedules were 70 Gy/28fx (BED3 = 128.3 Gy) in 11 patients (29%) and 55 Gy/20fx (BED3 = 105.4 Gy) in 10 patients (26%). No patients received stereotactic body radiotherapy. Metastatic lesions received a median dose of 40 Gy in 10 fractions (range 22.5–54 Gy). Fifty-five (71%) patients were treated with tomotherapy, while others received conventional 3D-conformal radiotherapy. The extent and site of radiotherapy in the PRT and palliative radiotherapy groups are described in Fig 2.
Non spine*: site of bone metastasis except in the pelvic bone and spine (C-T-L spine).Pelvis**: bone metastasis, including metastasis to the pubic, ischial, and iliac bones and the sacrum and proximal femur.
The median nadir PSA level was relatively lower in the PRT group (1.12 vs. 0.61 ng/mL, p = 0.042) and more patients in the PRT group showed subclinical PSA levels (nadir PSA <4 ng/mL) than those in the non-PRT group (87% vs.55%, p = 0.002) (Table 1).
The median follow-up time was 34.0 months (range, 1.7–108.8 months) in the entire cohort. The 3-year OS of all patients was 48.2%, and BCFFS was 25%. The 3-year OS rate was higher in men receiving PRT than in those who did not (3-year OS: 69% vs. 43%, p = 0.004). Significantly prolonged BCFFS was also observed in the PRT group (3-year BCFFS: 52% vs. 16%, p = 0.002) (Fig 3A). Subgroup analysis was performed for the non-PRT patients. Of these, 39 patients received palliative radiotherapy to the metastatic sites with androgen deprivation treatment, whereas the others (n = 63) received systemic therapy only. No significant differences in OS (3-year: 50% vs. 40%, p = 0.441) and BCFFS (3-year 10% vs. 20%, p = 0.293) were observed between patients receiving palliative radiotherapy and those who did not (Fig 3B).
Univariate analysis revealed that ECOG performance status, metastatic site, disease extent, and PRT were significant factors for OS. Furthermore, multivariate analysis confirmed irradiation to the prostate as a significant predictor of both OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.5, p = 0.046) (Table 2). For BCFFS, site of metastasis (bone vs. non-bone) and ECOG performance status scores (0–1 vs. 2–3), Gleason score and extent of disease did not show any significance (all p > 0.05), except PRT (p < 0.001) in univariate analysis.
Toxicities in PRT group
None of the 38 patients in the PRT group experienced severe (grade ≥3) GU or GI toxicity. In this group, 4 patients (11%) had grade 3 thrombocytopenia, and 3 (8%) had grade 3 leukocytopenia. Several patients received transfusion to prevent more severe adverse events, and most of the side effects were tolerable.
Our results from this study indicated that radiotherapy for the primary tumor improved prognosis of patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Men who received radiotherapy to the primary tumor had a favorable OS compared to those who did not (3-year OS: 69% vs. 43%, p = 0.004). Such improvement of prognosis was observed not only in OS but also in BCFFS (3-year BCFFS: 52% vs. 16%, p = 0.002). The effect of treatment was not significantly different among patients with various extent of metastasis. However, results of a stratified analysis suggested a greater effect among patients with only bone metastases at diagnosis and with good performance status.
Currently, radiotherapy for prostate cancer patients with distant metastasis is limited to palliative treatment to relieve local symptoms such as pain or urinary problems. Treatment of the primary tumor is often regarded inappropriate if metastasis is present. Moreover, Camphausen et al. revealed that the use of radiation to primary tumor resulted in the progression of previously dormant lung metastases by an imbalance of proangiogenic over antiangiogenic fartors in mice model . However, in our study, radiotherapy to the primary prostate tumor did not impair survival but improved overall survival. This finding is consistent with previously reported findings of other malignancies, such as renal cell cancer, colorectal cancer, and breast cancer, for which a local treatment of primary tumor is effective in improving patients survival [2–5].
There is biologic evidence to support our proposal to treat primary tumor in patients with distant metastasis. Extensive experimental models had confirmed Paget’s original ‘‘seed and soil” theory that hypothesize the organ-preference of metastasis formation is the result of interactions between circulating tumor cells (the ‘‘seed”) and organ microenvironment (the ‘‘soil”). Not only supplying the “seed,” the primary tumor also has a major role to prepare the “soil”. Kaplan et al. reported that the initial event at a metastatic site is not the arrival of circulating tumor cells, but the recruitment of bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) at the metastatic site. These BMDCs make the microenvironment of the metastatic organ more acceptable to colonization of tumor cells forming ‘pre-metastatic niche’ . Such a finding implicates that therapy directed toward the primary tumor, by inhibiting the endocrine molecules secreted by primary tumor, could delay the formation and growth of distant metastases. Weckermann et al. also evaluated the disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) before and after prostatectomy by analyzing the cytokeratin-positive (CK+) cells in bone marrow since CK+ cells were regarded as indicators of disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) . They reported that DTCs before prostatectomy were significantly associated with an increased risk of metastases, but DTCs after surgery were not. This result suggested that the increased risk of metastasis manifested by DTCs was associated with an intact primary tumor and is consistent with the hypothesis that factors from the primary tumor are required to stimulate DTCs to colonize and grow.
A recent large-scale retrospective analysis also reports interesting findings. Positive pelvic lymph node is deemed to be a risk factor for distant metastasis and local therapy is in general omitted in favor of androgen-deprivation therapy. A study of the Munich Cancer Registry analyzed treatment outcomes in 938 prostate cancer patients with nodal metastases at the time of pelvic lymph node dissection . Patients who underwent radical prostatectomy showed much favorable outcome compared to those who did not (10-year OS 64% vs. 28%). Although the group with radical prostatectomy had more favorable features, these findings showed at least a possible benefit from aggressive local treatment in patients with metastatic disease.
A possible hypothesis for treatment of the primary tumor could be the abscopal effect. However, this is less likely to happen after conventional fractionated RT alone, which may be insufficient to generate a systemic and robust antitumor effect. As initial treatment for metastatic prostate cancer or castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), other systemic treatments as well as ADT could be administered. Docetaxel-based systemic chemotherapy has been generally used to treat metastatic prostate cancer after the approval of docetaxel in 2004 . In addition, sipuleucel-T, an autologous prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) directed cell-based immunotherapy product manufactured using patients’ own antigen-presenting cells, showed a survival benefit in a randomized phase III trial, and is recommended with category 1 evidence for patients who have a life expectancy of at least 3 months with a good performance status . Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) blockade via the monoclonal antibody ipilimumab also has attracted attention due to positive results in patients with metastatic melanoma and renal cell carcinoma, as well as several other malignancies . Ipilimumab is also currently being evaluated in the prechemotherapy and postchemotherapy settings in men with metastatic CRPC. Further evidence of the efficacy of combined modalities for metastatic prostate cancer is needed so that systemic control and a radiation-induced immune response can be amplified sufficiently.
Another practical reason for us to suggest primary tumor radiotherapy for stage IV prostate cancer is that recently developed techniques have significantly reduced treatment-related side effects. In other words, addition of the primary tumor in the radiotherapy field does not cause patient discomfort. In this study, 71% of patients in the PRT group received intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) using helical tomotherapy and no patient experienced severe (grade ≥3) GI or GU toxicity. The IMRT is a newer radiotherapy technique that uses intensity-modulated beams to provide multiple intensities, allowing more concave dose distribution than conventional techniques. Furthermore, the chronic and acute toxicities associated with radiotherapy for prostate cancer are well documented . In the era of IMRT, several studies have demonstrated the feasibility and efficacy of IMRT for prostate cancer in a large number of patients. Acute and late GI and GU toxicities seem to be significantly lower than those observed with conventional 3D-conformal radiotherapy techniques . Moreover, IMRT using helical tomotherapy makes it possible to treat a wide range of lesions including the prostate and metastatic sites simultaneously. Compared to other local treatment such as prostatectomy. Based on a risk versus benefit analysis, radiotherapy with this less invasive and more effective treatment technique is suitable for prostate cancer patients with distant metastases, compared to other local treatments such as prostatectomy.
However, IMRT using helical tomotherapy could treat a wide range of metastatic lesion which is spreading vertical axes and most common acute side effect in PRT group was thrombocytopenia and leukocytopenia. Previous report in our institution suggested that the tolerance cutoff point of red marrow was 26.8% to avoid severe leukocytopenia (grade ≥3) . With this finding, we have taken into account for the proportion of bone marrow when we treat wide range of bone metastasis.
In this study, good performance status, bone only metastasis and limited disease extent were identified as prognostic factors for OS (ECOG PS 0–1 vs. 2–3, 3-yr OS 65% vs. 23%, p = 0.004; bone only metastasis vs. others, 3-yr OS 52% vs. 3%, p = 0.005; disease extent, single metastasis vs. 2–4 metastases vs. ≥5 metastases 3-yr OS 57% vs. 41% vs. 28%, respectively, p = 0.007). Our results showing a better prognosis in patients with bone-only metastasis are consistent with observations from a recent study of patients from the SEER database. This study reported that men with visceral metastasis showed inferior OS to that of men with bone-only metastasis . These findings suggested that prostate may have several phenotypes that predispose to different natural histories when survival represents the end point. While the underlying mechanism of different survival outcome according to the metastatic site observed between studies unclear, we emphasize that retrospective studies should be cautiously interpreted within their limitations.
The association with limited disease extent and survival benefit in metastatic disease has been studied in other tumors including breast cancer, renal cell carcinoma and colorectal cancer [4,30,31]. Nguyen et al. revealed that limited metastatic disease, defined as <5 metastatic lesions is a favorable prognostic factor in stage IV breast cancer (5-yr OS 29.7% vs. 13.1%, p <0.001). They also found that locoregional treatment for breast cancer improved overall survival (5-yr OS 35.5% vs. 20.4%, p = 0.01). These results are in accordance with our study. Prognostic factors defined in this study could help the clinicians identify reasonable candidates for radiotherapy to primary tumor and evaluate appropriate treatment strategies. Selected patients with limited extent of bone metastasis in good performance status could obtain the maximum benefit from this treatment strategy.
As the present investigation is not a randomized study, it is important to consider the possibility of selection bias due to unrecorded factors. In such a case, the differences in mortality risk observed between patients receiving PRT and those who did not could reflect the lower utilization of PRT in men with putative poorer disease prognosis. In addition, further evaluations including metastatic markers or immunohistochemical staining results for understanding the biologic behavior of tumors and metastatic sites are needed. Therefore the results of this pilot study warrant a subsequent prospective randomized control trial to find out the effectiveness of aggressive treatment to primary prostate gland in patients with stage IV prostate cancer. The STAMPEDE (the Systemic Therapy in Advancing or Metastatic Prostate Cancer: Evaluation of Drug Efficacy) trial from Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit (MRC CTU) was initiated in 2013 and result from this trial could prove the benefit of PRT .
Radiotherapy including treatment of the primary tumor for prostate cancer patients with distant metastasis resulted in improved biochemical control and long-term survival. The results of this study warrant a randomized controlled clinical trial to confirm these.
Conceived and designed the experiments: YC JSC KHR SJH YDC WSH JWK JC. Performed the experiments: YC JSC JWK JC. Analyzed the data: YC JSC JC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: YC JSC KHR SJH YDC WSH. Wrote the paper: YC JSC KHR JC.
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- 27. Zelefsky MJ, Fuks Z, Hunt M, Yamada Y, Marion C, Ling CC, et al. High-dose intensity modulated radiation therapy for prostate cancer: early toxicity and biochemical outcome in 772 patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2002;53: 1111–1116. pmid:12128109
- 28. Lee IJ, Seong J, Lee CG, Kim YB, Keum KC, Suh CO, et al. Early clinical experience and outcome of helical tomotherapy for multiple metastatic lesions. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2009;73: 1517–1524. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.07.035. pmid:19084348
- 29. Gandaglia G, Karakiewicz PI, Briganti A, Passoni NM, Schiffmann J, Trudeau V, et al. Impact of the Site of Metastases on Survival in Patients with Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol. 2015;68: 325–334. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2014.07.020. pmid:25108577
- 30. Staehler MD, Kruse J, Haseke N, Stadler T, Roosen A, Karl A, et al. Liver resection for metastatic disease prolongs survival in renal cell carcinoma: 12-year results from a retrospective comparative analysis. World J Urol. 2010;28: 543–547. doi: 10.1007/s00345-010-0560-4. pmid:20440505
- 31. Nguyen DH, Truong PT, Walter CV, Hayashi E, Christie JL, Alexander C. Limited M1 disease: a significant prognostic factor for stage IV breast cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2012;19: 3028–3034. doi: 10.1245/s10434-012-2333-3. pmid:22476751
- 32. Parker CC, Sydes MR, Mason MD, Clarke NW, Aebersold D, de Bono JS, et al. Prostate radiotherapy for men with metastatic disease: a new comparison in the Systemic Therapy in Advancing or Metastatic Prostate Cancer: Evaluation of Drug Efficacy (STAMPEDE) trial. BJU Int. 2013;111: 697–699. doi: 10.1111/bju.12087. pmid:23578233 | <urn:uuid:06fdd402-cc18-4c9e-9541-ba5a30cbad08> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0147191 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00330-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.903001 | 8,048 | 1.570313 | 2 |
I began my Torah Ecology project with this pair of Torah portions a year ago shortly after and because of the election of Donald Trump to the presidency. I mention that because today is one day after Trump once again showed us his deformed values in a particularly vulgar way with his comments about Nigeria and Haiti.
In my opinion, this pair of portions speaks directly to the Sitz im Leben in which we find ourselves in the United States today, inching toward destruction of the planet, of ourselves as a nation, of our neighbors and of other creatures who share the planet with us. The root of that destruction is our own failure to create a just and compassionate society, and for me, this president, while not wholly responsible for that failure, symbolizes it.
My project focuses on relationships — between ha-Aretz (the land), ha-Shamayim (the heavens) and ha-Yamim (the seas), that is, the environment, and all that lives in the environment. It also deals with relationships between human beings, bein Adam l’havero — and with how those relationships impact both the environment and other life in it.
In a sense, in the biblical story, these earthly relationships come to take precedence over the connection bein Adam la-Makom (between human beings and G-d) — if only because failed relationships within creation indicate a failed relationship with Transcendence.
The biblical story looks toward the creation of a just and compassionate society. To the extent that is not effected, rain will not fall, and crops will not grow. Ultimately the land will “vomit out” its inhabitants. Other life on the planet succeeds and fails as human beings succeed and fail, and success and failure is measured by the extent to which human societies establish justice and are compassionate toward their most vulnerable.
The Torah develops the theme of the intimate relationship between how human beings act in the world and with each other in society and how those relationships impact the environment and the animal world. It explores these relationships with a repeating motif of creation, destruction/rollbacks of creation, new creation. Human beings, according to the biblical text, have always had the ability to create a fertile, beautiful world with enough for all — or to bring about a catastrophic destruction to the society filled with violence and corruption. The destruction drags all with it, the innocent, including the animals, and the righteous. The theme of creation, destruction/rollbacks of creation, new creation repeats throughout the biblical text.
This pair of Torah portions captures that motif in the Ten Plagues, which stretch across two portions, Vaera and Bo. I engaged in an initial probe into the structure and the meaning of these portions when I worked them through last year. I made progress but wasn’t fully satisfied. I made more progress this year but am still not fully satisfied. I did add some thoughts, though, after I tested out different structuring mechanisms and focused more closely on what I’m calling the “Animals’ Story.”
Because there are so many references to animals in the course of the 10 Plagues story, I won’t recount them here. I charted them for my own reference while I continue to consider the details of my chart. Here’s an abridged version below. In Part II of this post, “The Animals’ Story,” I’ll list any additional animal references in Bo that follow the 10 Plagues account.
PROLOGUE (Ex 7:1-13) – snake
- (Ex 7:14-24) – blood pollutes rivers, fish die
- (Ex 7:25-8:11) – frogs pollute land until karet, cut off from the land
- (Ex 8:12-15) – dust of earth turns to lice; affects “man and beast”
- (Ex 8:16-28) – insect swarms ruin the land; affect people
- (Ex 9:1-7) – pestilence kills domesticated animals
- (Ex 9:8-12) – soot from kiln becomes dust, causes boils; affects “man and beast”
- (Ex 9:13-35) – Hail destroys land, “man and beast” die, herbs of field, trees killed
- (Ex 10:1-20) – Locusts kill every remaining green thing, herbs, fruit of trees, trees; cannot see the land
- (Ex 10:21-29) – Darkness so deep it can be touched; one person can’t see another next to him for three days; when Pharaoh prevaricates, Moses says “not one hoof” will remain behind
- (Ex 11:1-10, 12:29-42) – Death of firstborn of Egyptians, specifically includes their animals – even the Egyptian gods are destroyed. Blood on doorposts & lintel of Israelite homes protects and preserves life
EPILOGUE (Ex 12:1-28) – Eat unleavened bread for seven days (lest they are karet, cut off from their community)
Here are the things that seem suggestive to me so far:
- The 10 Plagues segment is filled with allusions to the creation story in Genesis, Chapter 1. Secondarily, it assumes the Flood story of Genesis, Chapters 6-9 with its motif of creation, destruction/rollbacks of creation, new creation from a saving remnant.
- The Prologue and Epilogue set the creation story backdrop with the reference to the snake at one end and to seven days at the other end.
- The first plague and the tenth plague bracket the story with references to blood, with the paradoxical dual valence it usually has in the biblical text: it pollutes (the Nile and kills the fish), and it protects and preserves life (when it is spread on the doorposts and lintel of Israelite homes).
- The 10 Plagues represent a sequential rollback of creation, beginning from the water, moving on to the land, from there to the vegetation and life on the land. The land is hidden from view by the locusts as it was hidden from view by the waters before G-d gathered them into seas. Then people are no longer visible to one another as a primordial darkness settles over them, a darkness so thick they could touch it. The story returns the world of the Egyptians to the tohu va-vohu (darkness and emptiness) of the second verse of Genesis. Finally, the Egyptian future is erased in the death of the firstborn. Even their gods are destroyed in the Epilogue (Ex 12:12).
- As one cosmos dissolves, one creation rolls back, another is created. As the plagues roll back the world of the Egyptians to a primordial darkness and emptiness, the Israelites emerge in a new creation passing through a seven-day event (parallel to creation), the feast of unleavened bread.
The 10 Plagues is a structured and allusive story, and the dual-valenced blood framing of the prologue and epilogue points to the structure.
In my last analysis of these portions, I tried dividing the plagues into groups of three, capped with the 10th and final plague. This time the bracket suggested by the blood imagery persuaded me to look for a chiastic structure. I’m not sure that I can demonstrate that — yet. I’m also intrigued with pairs — #2 and #5, #3 and #6, #4 and #7, #5 and #8, #6 and #9. It was the “man and beast” of the third and sixth plagues that raised this possibility for me. The fourth and seventh plagues are also suggestive, with land destroyed in the fourth and everything on it (vegetation, and again, “man and beast”) in the seventh, similar to the creation story in which land is created then filled with vegetation.
Whatever details continue to reveal themselves as I study, the creation, destruction/rollbacks of creation, new creation motif is critical for my own understanding of the text and its application to our time.
The idea that one sphere impacts other spheres so catastrophically resonates with me, the idea that an absence of justice and compassion in human society creates deformities in the environment and ultimately brings destruction to all living creatures describes what I see today. This interpretation allows me to identify with another time and another culture, giving me a glimpse of the universality of human experience, of the interconnectedness of all being and of the imperative for justice in all our interconnected relationships.
THE ANIMALS’ STORY
In the course of the 10 Plagues, the human story is linked most closely to the land animals’ story. Whereas water creatures like fish and frogs pollute the land after their environment is disrupted, and insects and locusts and lice attack “both man and beast,” the livestock (behemah, beast) don’t turn on their human masters (ish, man), nor do the human masters do any damage to their livestock unless disbelief causes them (the Egyptians) not to protect their animals when they are warned. In fact, the land animals suffer with their humans (the Egyptians – Ex. 12:29) and are saved with their humans (the Israelites – Ex. 12:32, 38). While they may no longer have a “seat at the spiritual table,” they are, at least, in the room.
This special connection between human beings and other land animals is consistent with the rest of the biblical presentation. In Gen. 1:29, we read: “29 And God said: ‘Behold, I have given you every herb yielding seed, which is upon the face of all the earth, and every tree, in which is the fruit of a tree yielding seed–to you it shall be for food…30 and to every beast of the earth, and to every fowl of the air, and to every thing that creepeth upon the earth, wherein there is a living soul, [I have given] every green herb for food.'” Beasts of the earth are second to humans in the list of those who receive the vegan dietary prescription. Fish are missing. Humans converse with the snake in the Garden, not with fowl of the air or creeping things. When the whale swallows Jonah, the fish and the human don’t have a conversation.
Humans and land animals intimately share a habitat and a spiritual destiny.
There are only three remaining animal references in the Vaera-Bo portions, in Ex 12:43-13:16. The first two relate to the Law of the Passover offering:
Ex. 13:1 – “The Lord spoke further to Moses, saying, ‘Consecrate to Me every first-born; man and beast, the first issue of every womb among the Israelites is Mine.'”
Ex. 13:12-13 “…you shall set apart for the Lord every first issue of the womb; every male firstling that your cattle drop shall be the Lord’s. But every firstling ass you shall redeem with a sheep; if you do not redeem it, you must break its neck. And you must redeem every first-born male among your children.”
Ex. 13:15 -“When, in time to come, your son asks you, saying, ‘What does this mean?’ you shall say to him, ‘When Pharaoh stubbornly refused to let us go, the Lord slew every firstborn in the land of Egypt, the first-born of both man and beast. Therefore I sacrifice to the Lord every first male issue of the womb, but redeem every first-born among my sons.'”
We see two themes of relationship in these verses: the intimate connection between human beings and other land animals, the way they share both habitat and spiritual destiny, and the priority of human beings in the economy of creation that exacts a price for life. An animal forfeits its life for the sake of human beings. This, too, like the creation-destruction/rollback of creation/new creation motif is a universal experience with which we can all connect. Animals dying so humans can live returns me to the Starting Thought of my blog:
“This thought occurs to me about meals: as we gather raw ingredients, prepare food and eat, we embrace the central moral paradox of human existence, that it requires taking life to sustain life. How we respond to that paradox defines us as human beings.
“As we journey through our lives, we both eat and nourish, destroy and enrich. The great gift we have as human beings is that we can make conscious decisions about the balance of eating and nourishing, taking and giving, in our own lives. The challenge is to remain fully aware, making conscious choices on each step of our journey.” | <urn:uuid:6231286c-95c4-41f3-846e-70e97ee1a7c8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://vegetatingwithleslie.org/?p=3438 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00677.warc.gz | en | 0.937752 | 2,718 | 2.265625 | 2 |
According to Global Liveability Index of a survey survey conducted by The Economist Intelligence Unit, Lagos state, the commercial center of Nigeria, is the third worst city to live in.
Lagos placed 138th out of the 140 cities ranked in the latest liveability survey, just above war-ravaged Tripoli and Damascus.
The liveability survey conducted by the data team of The Economist, took into cognizance the best and worst living conditions in major cities across the world across five broad categories, including stability, healthcare, culture and environment, education and infrastructure.
“Of the poorer-scoring cities, 13 continue to occupy the very bottom tier of liveability, where ratings fall below 50 per cent and most aspects of living are severely restricted. Continued threats from groups like Boko Haram acts as a constraint to improving stability in Lagos,” the report stated.
The top five best countries to live in, according to the report, remain unchanged from last year and they include Melbourne, Australian; Vienna, Austria; Vancouver, Canada; Toronto, Canada; and Calgary, Canada.
Ads - Advertise Here | <urn:uuid:381d7ded-2d5c-427f-840d-364a224b92ec> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ngtrends.com/2016/08/lagos-ranked-third-worst-city-live-world/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00509-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.924403 | 228 | 1.984375 | 2 |
Online assessment has been an option for a while, but it’s only in recent years that the practice really took hold. The pandemic forced many institutions online and, with them, their assessment strategies. However, some aspects of the eAssessment format still cause concern for assessors and students alike, and one of these is the prospect of remote invigilation. For assessors, the lack of a physical presence can suggest reduced accuracy and examination integrity, whereas students often find the process of being watched online intrusive. But there is more than one option when it comes to remote proctoring, and it’s important to understand the key factors before you choose your service. Read on to find out five things you should know before committing to a remote invigilation service, from the types available to the individual features to look out for.
1: Understanding your options
The first thing you should consider when choosing a remote invigilation provider is the type of service it offers. Remote invigilation generally falls under two categories – live and automated. But what sets them apart, and how can you work out the best option for you?
Live invigilation is the closest alternative to a traditional exam setting. An actual proctor watches the candidate complete their test via webcam, with the opportunity to interact with the student during the assessment and intervene if required. This method helps some assessors to feel more comfortable with the switch to digital assessment, and the presence of a professional invigilator can support the integrity of the exam. However, this option requires a proctor to be available at the same time as the candidate, lessening the exam’s flexibility. Plus, some students have commented that they found live invigilation off putting during their exam, which could potentially influence their performance.
On the other hand, automated invigilation is an option which can reduce this intrusive feeling. Also known as AI invigilation, this method uses software to detect any prohibited behaviour during an assessment, such as speech, unauthorised movement or the opening of any unapproved computer software or web pages. This method doesn’t require a live invigilator, so offers more flexibility as well as a less invasive experience for the individual. However, it can be seen as less effective than live proctoring as it relies on the algorithm, rather than human intelligence.
Although these are the two main forms of remote invigilation, it is possible to combine the two and create a more bespoke experience. For example, the two could run in tandem to add an extra security element for assessors. Alternatively, the option of a ‘live pop-in’ format could be beneficial for some. This involves utilising automated invigilation generally, and keeping live proctors on hand in addition. This way, if the AI detects something, the live proctor can access the assessment in question and further investigate in real time. This helps maintain the assessment’s integrity with accurate detection, while also easing stress for candidates – the physical presence of an invigilator won’t be felt unless you are flagged as suspicious.
2: Maintaining exam integrity
Although the proctoring format can impact the integrity of the assessment, there are other features which can affect the invigilation’s accuracy. Different platforms offer a combination of features, so it’s up to you to choose the most appropriate. Some of these could include ID verification, video monitoring, sound detection and browser lockdown software, all of which offer increased assurance that a candidate is completing their assessment honestly. And these features can go even further – some sound detection, for example, can differentiate between ambient noise and meaningful language, including another voice in the room or learned commands like ‘hey, Siri’. This can streamline the number of flags raised by the technology, meaning that the assessors spend less time investigating false claims of suspicious behaviour.
3: Question protection
Ensuring a fair and secure examination environment is crucial for all assessors, so it’s incredibly frustrating when you find your exam questions have been copied and uploaded to popular study websites like Quizlet. Requesting their removal is a time consuming process and their presence can render the whole exam redundant if the questions have been posted during the examination window. However, some remote invigilation platforms include inbuilt protection against question theft, with the added benefit of automatically scanning the web for your questions and beginning the removal request process as quickly as possible. This helps to keep your assessment as secure as possible, and should be a key consideration when choosing an invigilation platform.
4: Cost confusion
It can be tricky to compare prices for different remote invigilation platforms, especially when they offer costs based on different parameters. Some of the ways a platform might charge could be per student, per exam, or per hour – meaning that different requirements could cost a lot more or a lot less on different platforms. For example, compare an assessor looking to invigilate one three-hour exam with 50 students, with someone looking for three one-hour long exams for 15 students each. The first assessor would pay more if they used a cost-per-student program, but the second would pay more with a cost-per-exam set up. If they used a per-hour framework, both would pay the same. Working out the best payment plan for you can save considerable amounts of money when done correctly.
5: Get integrated
Online assessment can require a wide range of platforms to enable optimal performance from both students and assessors. Learning management systems (LMS) need to work in tandem with the remote invigilation software in order to ensure a streamlined experience and minimise the risk of malfunctions and errors. It’s important, therefore, that your chosen remote proctoring platform can be integrated with your existing LMS software. Alternatively, platforms like Rogo offer a complete eAssessment and eLearning platform with built-in online invigilation, taking the guesswork out of your decision and offering assurance that your software will be as streamlined as possible.
Maintaining assessment standards as we move to online examination can be difficult, but Rogo is here to make the transition as swift as possible. If you have any questions about remote invigilation, or any of Rogo’s other bespoke features, get in touch here. | <urn:uuid:e04069a1-7ab4-48b1-8436-5fa2a29f6e13> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://getrogo.com/5-things-you-should-know-about-remote-proctoring/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00476.warc.gz | en | 0.946402 | 1,323 | 1.9375 | 2 |
There are two types of criminals. The ones who dedicate their entire lives to minor crimes just to get by and the ones who want to strike big just this one time.
Charles Ray Fuller was the second type. The 21-year-old man from North Texas decided to forge a check and attempt to trick the bank system into giving him a fortune. However, Fuller made a huge mistake by forging a check for the staggering $360 billion. He had previously obtained the check from his girlfriend’s mother. Fuller lied to the woman saying he wanted to start a record business and needed the money for investment.
When the bank employees saw the 10 zeros on a personal account check they immediately became suspicious and called the police authorities. When asked the account’s owner said the she had given no permission to Fuller to withdraw any money from her bank account. Fuller was arrested on the spot on a forgery charge. To make the situation even worse he was also carrying an unlicensed handgun.
The 21-year-old was released after posting a $4,000 bail. | <urn:uuid:74d48389-88f1-46fd-8743-872ef26d6f10> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.tydknow.com/did-you-know-that-texas-cops-busted-a-man-trying-to-cash-a-360-billion/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720026.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00456-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.986455 | 219 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Iran holds world’s largest gas reserves
Iran said on Saturday the latest official figures show it still has the world’s second largest conventional reserves of natural gas.
The National Iranian Gas Company (NIGC) in an announcement said the recoverable reserves of natural gas in Iran have increased to above 34 trillion cubic meters (tcm).
NIGC said this is about 1.4 tcm more than the reserves of Russia. The figure, which the company said had been provided by BP in its 2015 Statistical Review of World Energy, puts Iran ahead of Russia whose reserves stand at about 32.6 tcm for a second consecutive year.
Based on the BP report, Qatar with 24.5 tcm follows Iran and Russian in the third place in terms of collective gas reserves.
The report further adds that Iran’s gas production saw an increase of 5.2 percent in 2014 to reach a total of 172.6 bcm.
Iran is presently the world’s fourth largest producer of natural gas after the United States (758 bcm), Russia (578 bcm), and Qatar (177 bcm).
Iran’s exports of natural gas in 2014 stood at a total of 9.6 bcm of which about 8.9 bcm were exported to Turkey and some 0.7 bcm were delivered to Armenia and the Nakhchivan Republic through a gas-for-electricity swap scheme, NIGC added quoting BP figures.
Also, Iran’s imports for 2014 stood at 6.9 bcm from Turkmenistan and about 0.3 bcm from Azerbaijan. | <urn:uuid:6f4806d9-2ba1-4f4d-84e5-59fb4d0a747b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.islamicinvitationturkey.com/2015/06/27/iran-holds-worlds-largest-gas-reserves/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284411.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00464-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950653 | 333 | 2.234375 | 2 |
Coal Prospects in Eastern Europe
AUTHOR: Gordon Couch, Matthias Hessling, Anna-Karin Hjalmarsson, Eric Jamieson, Tim Jones
DATE: December 1990
In 1989-90, the countries of Eastern Europe entered a new political era. The individual economies are now faced with an awesome challenge: to make the transition to a market system after more than forty years of central planning, while at the same time attempting to minimise the social costs.
The first part of this report provides a broad overview of the political and economic situation in Eastern Europe. In particular, the position of coal within the overall energy scene is assessed. Coal production and utilisation and future prospects for coal are addressed. Emphasis is given to the changing environmental scene, highlighting opportunities for investment.
The second part of the report looks in detail at the energy and economic situation in the eight countries covered by this report:
- German Democratic Republic | <urn:uuid:c2c09a26-49a2-40d7-a05d-40616aa79f96> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.caer.uky.edu/iea/ieacr31.shtml | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00027-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.886003 | 195 | 2.421875 | 2 |
St. Saba (Sava), First Archbishop of Serbia, was born in 1169, a son of the Serbian King Stephen and Anna, daughter of the Byzantine Emperor Romanus. Against the will of his father, St. Saba received monastic tonsure and sought to persuade his powerful parents to accept monasticism. His father became a monk and his mother a nun. The father and son founded Hilandar Monastery on Mount Athos. St. Saba became the first Archbishop of Serbia and successfully petitioned the Byzantine Emperor to grant permission for Serbian bishops to elect their own Archbishop in the future. St. Saba crowned his brother, Stefan, as the first king of Serbia. Sent to negotiate with the King of Hungary who had declared war on Serbia, St. Saba not only brought about peace but brought the Hungarian King to Orthodoxy. St. Saba’s work in organizing the Serbian Church was accompanied by numerous signs and miracles. The Turks disinterred his body and burned it to ashes, which are now in the Serbian Church of Milshevo, and bestow healing on the faithful. St. Saba is commemorated January 14(27).
- Mother of God and the Women Saints
- Christ and the Men Saints
- The Martyrs, Archangels and Evangelists | <urn:uuid:0c76c550-4152-4182-940a-42159c15628e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://stnicholasla.org/stsabasava | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.981661 | 268 | 3.03125 | 3 |
Peanut butter and chocolate are the two things that I love, but rarely put them together. Why? I have no idea, because they are so good together!
A few years, I would have cringed over the thought. I didn’t grow up with peanut butter cups or anything of the sort. I liked peanut butter and I liked chocolate, but I’d never had them together. The closest thing I came to that was a Snickers bar.
So why this fudge? I wanted to something different. I have made dark chocolate fudge already, so why not add a new dimension to it? Although I had thought this up for some time, I had put off making it because I thought A wouldn’t like it. He told me he liked chocolate and peanut butter, but not together. The compromise was that I’d make a batch of dark chocolate fudge and this batch. Guess which one disappeared first? Yup, the choc/pb version.
DARK CHOCOLATE AND PEANUT BUTTER FUDGE
Makes 1 – 20 x 20 cm (8 x 8 in) tin, at least 64 squares
For the chocolate fudge
- ½ (397 g, 13.92 oz) tin (can) sweetened condensed milk
- 225 g (8 oz) dark chocolate, at least 70% cocoa solids, broken into chunks
- 1 pinch of salt
- 1 dash vanilla extract
For the peanut butter fudge
- 140 g (½ c) smooth peanut butter
- 115 g (½ c) unsalted butter, cut into pieces
- 1 small pinch salt (optional)
- ½ teaspoon vanilla extract
- 220 g (1 3/4 c) icing (powdered) sugar, sifted
1. Line one 20 x 20 cm (8 x 8 inch) square tin with parchment paper.
2. For the chocolate fudge, place all the ingredients into a microwave-safe bowl. Pop into the microwave and “cook” for 2-3 minutes, then stir until the mixture is smooth and creamy. Pour into prepared tin, smooth out the surface with the back of a spoon and chill until set, about 1 hour.
3. For the peanut butter fudge, place the peanut butter, butter, salt, and vanilla extract into a clean microwave-safe bowl. Pop in the microwave and “cook” for 1-2 minutes, or until melted. Stir, then beat in the sugar until well mixed, and then spread over the chocolate fudge. Smooth off the fudge with the back of a spoon.
4. Chill until set, about 1-2 hours. Turn out, and cut into 1 inch pieces. Enjoy! | <urn:uuid:fdd2bf37-f82b-46fc-86f9-fa1c60c25608> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://honeyandspice.wordpress.com/2013/01/08/chocolate-peanut-butter-fudge/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00227-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.939147 | 570 | 1.789063 | 2 |
Planning a corporate conference can be a stressful job, especially if you are new to event planning or if it is not your primary job. While making sure you have all of the details of your event under control is key, so is avoiding these common conference mistakes:
Lack of temperature control. There is nothing more distracting or uncomfortable for conference attendees than being hot or cold. Make sure you keep all areas of your conference venue comfortable. If you cannot control the temperature yourself, talk with your venue host ahead of time about your preferred temperature settings.
Disorganized registration. How well you handle registration online and at the event itself sets the tone of your corporate conference. Make sure the experience is a good one! Your online process should be tested beforehand and your in-person registration process should be friendly and welcoming.
A scattered schedule. While your attendees may need to move from room to room or to different areas of your venue, having them backtrack across a vast conference venue is a poor plan. In addition, keep your activity schedule paced comfortably. No one wants to kill large amounts of time between speakers or other events. Likewise, factor in enough time for people to move to their next conference stop and some breaks to keep everyone happy.
Leaving attendees hungry or thirsty. Even if every other aspect of your corporate conference is amazing, iff he food and beverages served can be a highlight or downfall of an event. Having an understanding of your audience will help you determine the type and amount of food and drinks required. Let your vendor know ahead of time if you have a group of heavy eaters, for example. Or if possible, have your vendor at the ready to prepare more food quickly, if needed. Assign someone to make sure buffets and drink tables are replenished when they’re running low.
If you have the above conference planning missteps taken care of, now’s the time to head off another potential disaster—lack of a solid seating plan! The Guest Table digital seating tool makes it simple to create your conference seating plan in minutes.
Author: The Guest Table | <urn:uuid:4e3e5880-ca31-4e19-8428-2da0a9a17cfe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://theguesttable.com/blogs/f2cf05d5-f721-4515-b0e0-a39d2b4164b4 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00670.warc.gz | en | 0.941657 | 426 | 1.5 | 2 |
There’s a lot we do to prepare our classrooms and schools for the end of the school year so that we can start the next one organized and ready for a fresh start. Naturally, there’s some obvious tasks we do to prepare our physical spaces leading into summer. We also offer some organization and clean-up skills to our students to prepare them in closing out the academic year. Some consideration should go into what organization and tidying we do in our virtual spaces as well.
Here are 7 tips for getting your Google Drive and Google Classroom ready for summer:
Close your virtual classrooms
When the school year ends, students lose access to the classrooms that they’ve walked into throughout the academic year. In physical spaces, that’s easy to do: the door’s locked. In a virtual classroom, that responsibility is up to the teacher. Moodle, D2L and Office 365 Class Sites can be scheduled to be closed down so that students automatically lose access to the course or virtual classroom. With Google Classroom, those steps need to be initiated manually by the teacher.
To close a Google Classroom,
- Access Google Classroom;
- Click the three dots for each class you’re ready to close down;
- Click Archive;
- Confirm the step by clicking Archive again.
Archived classes will be accessible to you in the “Archived Classes” section of Google Classroom, but they are no longer available to students. Even with classes archived, you can use Google Classroom’s “Reuse Post” option to re-post great tasks from this school year into next year’s classes.
The files that students had access to and created while they were a member of that Classroom will continue to be accessible to them in their Google Drive.
Return all student work
Before students submit Google Classroom files (Docs, Sheets, Slides, Drawings), their work can be edited by them and you. Once they submit their work, only the teacher has edit access to the file. Returning the work gives edit rights back to the school. It also clears out your virtual “hand in” bin.
To view any student submissions that still need your attention, click the hamburger menu, then click the “To-do” button. As your return work, it goes into the “Reviewed” tab of the “To-do” section. Ending the year with an empty “To Review” tab will make sure you’re only seeing assignments from the current school year when classes resume in the Fall.
Clean up your Google Drive
If you’re using Google Classroom, there’s a good chance you’ve been making regular use of Google Drive too. The nature of how G Suite works means that everything that you create is going to end up in Google Drive, and unless you’re working regularly to stay organized, the home folder of your My Drive can become a mess of Google Docs, Sheets, Slides, Drawings, Sites, and anything else you’ve uploaded to that space.
Routinely cleaning up the space throughout the year goes a long way to staying organized. It’s a great idea to do a deep clean of your Google Drive at the end of the year.
If you’re not doing so already, create folders! Create a folder for everything you plan to keep. Even better, create folders, and then create folder inside of those folders. Having too many folders at the top-level of your My Drive makes for lots of scrolling, so know that you can nest folders as deep as you need.
To create a folder,
- Click the New button;
- Click Folder;
- Give it a name;
- Click Create.
Consider creating folders for the grade, courses, subjects, units and assignments, and move files into those folders. That will keep files organized and easy to find later. Files and folders with good names also makes them easier to find in the Google Drive search.
Move files efficiently by dragging and dropping
Moving files into folders in Google Drive can be little difficult if you have lots of folders because not everything fits on the screen. To make that more efficient, expand the My Drive on the right-side of Google Drive to view all your folders in a list down the side of the screen. Then drag files into the appropriate folders.
Don’t try to clean-up the Classroom folder or Shared with me
If you use Google Classroom, things get messy in Google Drive. Joining or creating a Google Classroom automatically creates a folder called “Classroom” in your Google Drive. Inside that folder, there will be a folder for every Google Classroom you’ve ever joined or created. Inside those class folders, there will also be a folder for every assignment. It’s a mess. Leave it alone. Organizing yourself in the “Classroom” folder is also a bad idea.
The other section of your Google Drive that becomes messy when using Google Classroom is the “Shared with me” section of your Google Drive. Every file as part of every assignment submitted by students is listed in “Shared with me.” You can try and clean it up by removing these files (you can’t delete them, because they’re not your files — they belong to your students), so it’s a losing battle and again, you’re best to leave it alone.
Instead, when someone shares something with you that you really need to get access to later, such as a file or folder shared by a teaching partner, click the “Add to Drive” icon and sort it into your own folders as mentioned above.
Get your students organized too!
G Suite was new to teachers this year. It was new to students too. For many of our students this is the first year of many that they’ll use G Suite. If students have been consistently using G Suite throughout the school year but haven’t given thought to organizing their files in Google Drive, it’s probably a good time to encourage them to start!
Consider showing students how to create folders and have them move everything into a folder labelled with their current grade or the current school year. Archiving everything from the current school year is a great way to clean out all the lingering files that are in their My Drive. When the next year starts, they’ll start with a clean home folder and can start fresh with new folders for the school year or semester. | <urn:uuid:5c4cb610-e68b-4a72-bb67-aa619f65174e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://innovativeed.ca/2018/06/05/7-tips-for-cleaning-up-your-google-drive-google-classroom-before-the-end-of-the-year/?like_comment=68&_wpnonce=227d88248d | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.950846 | 1,385 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Black Death Burial Ground in London — Go Here
A mass grave containing the remains of nearly 50,000 people killed by the “Black Death” plague some 650 years ago was discovered earlier this week in the vicinity of Farringdon in central London.
Historical records indicate that this area was once deemed a veritable “no man’s land”, as it was used as a makeshift burial ground for many of those who perished at the fate of the bubonic plague, following its savage outbreak in 1348.
The Black Death pandemic is without a doubt the most fierce and gruesome pandemic to ever lash out against humankind, and is responsible for the untimely deaths of nearly 200 million people, In fact, at the time the plague peaked in Europe around 1350, nearly a third of the London population had been eliminated by this unsympathetic disease.
It is believed that the Black Death originated somewhere in central Asia and then likely crept into other areas via the Afro-Eurasia trade routes that had been established to conduct import and export efforts between Asia, Europe and Africa. It wasn’t until the disease reached the Crimea Peninsula of the Ukraine that it is theorized to have become more widespread; being carried by the parasitic Oriental rat flea on the backs of a common merchant ship stowaway – the black rat.
While the cause of the bubonic plague was not clear at the time, many theories began to surface, including one by a medical facility in Paris that reported that the alignment of three planets in 1345 was the culprit for what many referred to as a “great pestilence in the air.” In fact, the theory that the plague was the result of “bad air” quickly became the most widely accepted scapegoat for the cause of the plague, since the importance of hygiene did not become understood until around the nineteenth century.
The bubonic plague killed quickly, usually within a matter of days. The symptoms began with the swelling of the lymph nodes in the groin, neck and armpits, which opened up and discharged a sickening mixture of puss and blood. Some people’s lymph nodes reportedly swelled up to the size of apples. Once black spots began to appear, it meant curtains for the person who had them.
While it may be difficult to believe that vermin and parasites had the capacity to take over the world, that is exactly what they did; spawning religious, social and economic upheavals that took nearly 150 years to mend the European population. In the 14th century, everyone from Jews to Lepers were being burned alive, as a means for trying to control ravenous nature of the plague – even people with simple skin disorders like acne and psoriasis were murdered, as a precautionary measure.
In the historic London neighborhood of Farringdon, records indicate that close to 50,000 people were buried during the time that the plague consumed the capital. Scientists hope that their most recent discovery of human remains there will help enlighten them on the complex DNA signature of the Black Death and perhaps even confirm burial dates.
Luckily for us, the bubonic plague became virtually non-existent somewhere around the 19th century. However, the Black Death is still responsible for killing a handful of people all over the world each year. | <urn:uuid:2aa2a628-1728-4e02-9bf2-a914c48ead6b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://guyspeed.com/go-here-black-plague-mass-grave/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282926.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00397-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.977114 | 682 | 3.296875 | 3 |
Northrop Grumman and the state Department of Environmental Conservation are one step closer to agreeing to a decades-old cleanup plan for part of a Bethpage plume that has spread more than four miles.
Environmental Protection Agency Regional Administrator Judith Enck sent a letter Friday to Sen. Charles Schumer, saying an agreement on the cleanup plan should be final by the end of April.
In February, Schumer asked the EPA to intervene in the cleanup process, which is part of a Superfund program managed by the state.StorySchumer: EPA must pressure Grumman on Bethpage toxinsstoryDistrict: Include new toxic discoveries in suitStoryToxic plume spreads, new wells to monitor
Encompassing more than 600 acres, the Bethpage site was home to aviation manufacturing facilities between 1936 and 1996 run by the Navy and what is now Northrop Grumman. A shallow plume coming from the site was discovered in 1986 and another, deeper one was verified in 2005.
Northrop Grumman had refused to sign a 2001 cleanup plan. But after the Navy revealed high levels of the degreaser and carcinogen trichloroethylene, or TCE, at the site, the DEC in November requested the defense contractor sign on or risk EPA intervention.
"We agree that this is a matter of great importance, and that progress in addressing the full scope of contamination has been slow," Enck wrote to Schumer. "It is essential that this toxic plume be addressed in a timely and effective fashion to ensure that the people of Long Island can continue to have clean drinking water."
Schumer (D-N.Y.) Tuesday said he's pleased by the progress.
"Bringing EPA in tells Grumman how serious we are and we expect they will sign a serious agreement," he said. "We will stay on Grumman until they do the right thing."
Northrop Grumman spokeswoman Christine Restani confirmed an agreement was in the works but referred questions to the DEC. The DEC said it is pressing for aggressive action to address the plumes and the negotiations are ongoing but declined to comment further.
Also last week, the Bethpage Water District amended a lawsuit filed against Northrop Grumman in 2013 seeking damages to cover the cost of past and future water treatment involving the groundwater plume.
A federal judge ruled Feb. 27 that the district could update its lawsuit to include details about TCE found in 2014 by the Navy. Those tests found levels of TCE as high as 4,600 parts per billion about 2,100 feet from a Bethpage well. The drinking water standard is 5 parts per billion.
"This data indicates that the containment systems on-site are inadequate to prevent migration of additional contaminants off-site," the amended lawsuit states. "Moreover, the substantial increase in TCE levels . . . may indicate a new plume from another [Northrop Grumman] source within the site."
Tuesday, the district announced that construction of a $3 million well outside the plume boundaries was completed. The district began drilling the well off South Park Drive in Bethpage State Park in 2013.
The site is two miles from the district's other eight wells and should not require costly treatment to remove contaminants, the district said. | <urn:uuid:d2df53bd-afe7-4851-aa59-1728a7f76d18> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.newsday.com/long-island/nassau/epa-official-northrop-grumman-dec-near-agreement-on-bethpage-groundwater-cleanup-1.10116165 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00016-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955071 | 667 | 1.8125 | 2 |
The Liberal government will look to ease some of the conditions imposed on Canadians looking to sponsor their children and spouses living overseas making family reunification a priority, says Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Minister John McCallum.
McCallum was in Toronto on Tuesday where he announced the government’s plan to admit up to 305,000 new immigrants by increasing spaces available for family reunification and refugee resettlement.
“The government of Canada will make family reunification an important priority because when families are able to stay together, their integration to Canada and ability to work and grow their communities all improve,” McCallum said in a much-anticipated report tabled in Parliament on Tuesday.
Family reunification is the most costly immigrant category.
We are heading into a major recession but the Liberals need more party members so open the floodgates…
We need a Trump not a Rona. | <urn:uuid:61883600-4f87-4f9f-a91c-38b02e20798b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.blazingcatfur.ca/2016/03/08/liberal-government-to-up-immigration-intake-to-305000-for-2016/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00348-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953264 | 182 | 1.75 | 2 |
One important component of Emotional Intelligence (EQ) is perseverance, the consistent, sustained and focused application of talent and effort over time, University of Pennsylvania’s Angela Duckworth.
She refers to this perseverance and passion for long-term goals as “grit” in her research with West Point cadets and Scripps National Spelling Bee contestants, in collaboration with University of Michigan’ Christopher Peterson and Michael Matthews and Dennis Kelly of United States Military Academy, West Point.
Grit was not related to IQ but was highly correlated with “Conscientiousness,” a personality trait described in the Five Factor Model of Personality.
It was also a better predictor of “success” as measured by retention at West Point, and advancement in the National Spelling Bee.
In addition, “grittier” participants:
- Achieved higher levels of education
- Had fewer job switches and career changes
- Earned higher school grades than their peers, despite having lower standardized test scores measuring intelligence and achievement
- Devoted more hours to deliberate practice (defined as individual word study and memorization for spelling bee contestants).
The most effective deliberate practice was rated as the least pleasurable, and “grittier” individuals did more of this effort in Duckworth’s expanded study with Teri Kirby, Eli Tsukayama, Heather Berstein, then of Penn with K. Anders Ericsson of Florida State University.
Practice activities rated as more pleasurable and less effortful, like reading for pleasure, being quizzed by their parents, contributed less to spelling performance.
Parents and educators found responded enthusiastically to Paul Tough’s popularized summary of “grit” research in his book advising parents and teachers how to help young people develop grit, curiosity, conscientiousness, and optimism.
He “gritty” attributes highly correlated with successful academic and career performance.
Duckworth expanded the investigation of grit to include “explanatory style”, seen in individuals’ propensity to explain events from optimistic or pessimistic perspectives.
Explanatory style is evaluated according to whether the individual considers event causes as:
- Personal (Internal vs. External cause or influence)
- Permanent (Stable vs. Unstable)
- Pervasive (Global vs. Local/Specific)
Optimistic explanatory style is characterized by external, unstable, local / specific explanations, whereas pessimistic styles include internal, stable, global attributions.
Duckwork and team found that novice teachers with more optimistic explanatory styles rated themselves higher in both grit and life satisfaction, and these high ratings were associated with better work effectiveness, as evaluated at the end of the school year.
Her students, Katherine Von Culin and Eli Tsukayama “unpacked” grit and found different difference in motivation and beliefs for grit’s two components: perseverance vs passion.
Among more than 300 volunteers, they found that perseverance and passion had different meaning, pleasure, and engagement orientations to happiness and implicit beliefs about willpower.
The research team is evaluating the relationship between “grit” and “growth mindset,” introduced by Stanford’s Carol Dweck to signify viewing failures and setbacks as opportunities to learn and improve, rather than a permanent lack of ability.
Dweck, with Lisa Blackwell, then of Columbia and University of Western Ontario’s Kali Trzesniewski demonstrated the impact of growth mindset and positive explanatory style on school motivation and achievement.
More grit may not always lead to greater accomplishment.
Duckworth and team speculate that grittier individuals may be:
- More vulnerable to the “sunk-cost fallacy”
- Less open to information that contradicts their present beliefs
- Handicapped by judgment and decision-making biases
- Likely to new opportunities because they are tenaciously focused on the original goal.
Assess your “grittiness” with the research team’s survey.
-*How accurately does your score reflect your view of your grittiness, perseverance?
-*How do you develop grit in yourself and others?
- Perseverance Increases Skill Increases Luck: “The Harder I Work, The Luckier I Get”
- Working toward Goals with “Implementation Intentions”
- Practice Outweighs Talent in Developing Expert Performance
- Performance Excellence linked to Recognizing, Preventing, Correcting Failures — and Coaching
- Developing a SMARTER Mindset for Resilience, Emotional Intelligence – Part 2
- Self Compassion, not Self-Esteem, Enhances Performance | <urn:uuid:dea85dd1-723c-45e2-b46c-fd4f9199206d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://kathrynwelds.com/2013/06/30/grit-rivals-iq-and-eq-to-achieve-goals/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00320-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.932197 | 978 | 3.109375 | 3 |
FOOD STORAGE/SUPPLY AREA PROTOCOL:
• Food Bagging area must be thoroughly wiped with CDC-approved disinfectant and a disposable towel at the beginning and end of every shift and once every hour while in continuous use.
• Wear masks at all times in the supply area, put masks on before entering supply area.
• After putting on mask, wash hands with soap and water immediately before entering supply area.
• Put on fresh, sterile gloves once inside supply area.
• Do not touch anything that could be cross-contaminated by people who have not washed hands with your supply area gloves on, including doors, light switches, fridge/freezer doors, etc. If you touch anything, dispose of gloves, wash hands again, and get a fresh pair of gloves.
• When volunteers are ready to take deliveries, place the bags in their car or bike without touching anything but the bags. Let them open the doors for you. | <urn:uuid:636ede6f-dcf4-47d0-916d-dc6f4dd0e2d0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://kinlanimutualaid.org/food-storage-supply-area-protocol/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00277.warc.gz | en | 0.933715 | 199 | 2 | 2 |
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VSI Stone Crusher. VSI series impact crusher adopts the latest internation technology, with high stable and high capacity production. This series crusher has three function crushing, making sand and shaping, widely used in the sand making plant. Product Advantage. 1. | <urn:uuid:08698b70-4456-4679-bffa-3e99f3e0a3bc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kominkiskandynawskie.pl/for-sale/Mar-09_33728.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.878769 | 2,327 | 1.507813 | 2 |
炭素鋼へのクロム基合金のレーザ肉盛り特性 Laser Beam Cladding Characteristics of Chromium-Based Alloy on Carbon Steel
CO<sub>2</sub> laser beam was applied to the cladding of chromium alloy using a beam scanner. The hardness and microstructure of the clad layer were investigated by changing the laser power, number of clad layers and overlapped width of the laser beam. The average hardness of the clad layer obtained was 550∼600 HV 0.1, when the conditions were; laser power of 2500 W to 2900 W, clad number of one layer to two layers (thickness of clad layer ; 0.85∼1.90 mm), overlapped width of 0.5 mm, cladding speed of 400 mm/min, defocusing distance of 30 mm, oscillated width of 7 mm and argon as the shielding gas. The microstructure of clad layer was completely transformed into a fine dendritic structure (secondary dendrite arm spacing ; 3∼5 μm) and eutectic structure by the rapid solidification conditions. A heat affected zone was produced on the surface of the carbon steel (base metal) and a martensitic structure could be observed. The heat affected zone was then heat treated also with CO<sub>2</sub> laser beam. The martensitic structure (700 HV 0.1) of the heat affected zone transformed into troostite. EPMA line analysis indicated that an alloyed layer (thickness ; 20∼30 μm) exists between the clad layer and base metal. These results show that CO<sub>2</sub> laser beam cladding of chromium-based alloy serves as a new surface treatment process for carbon steel.
- 鋳造工学 = Journal of Japan Foundry Engineering Society
鋳造工学 = Journal of Japan Foundry Engineering Society 71(3), 159-164, 1999-03
Japan Foundry Engineering Society | <urn:uuid:01aaee82-a8dc-4897-b80b-2b6a6c82e8ce> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/10002554881 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00029-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.859181 | 442 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Vision of a future that never was
Archive / County of London Plan
This radical, well designed plan sought to turn grimy war-torn London into a Modernist Utopia
This small publication, published by Penguin in 1945, is a pocket version of the 1941 County of London Plan. The original plan was commissioned by the London County Council (LCC) from Mr J. H. Forshaw (LCC Architect) & Patrick Abercrombie (Professor of Planning at University College London) on the instructions of the then Minster of Works and Planning, Lord Reith. England was at war, with no end in sight, but there was sufficient intelligence to realise that a bombed city might offer an opportunity to create ‘. . . order and efficiency and beauty and spaciousness . . .’
The aim of the Penguin edition was to explain the ‘big book’. For this delicate task Penguin commissioned E. J. Carter, librarian at the Royal Institute of British Architects, and Ernö Goldfinger, the Hungarian Marxist architect with the snakeskin shoes, now best remembered for his pioneering Modernist house at Willow Road and his iconic tower block, Trellick Tower, in west London. The Plan is printed on cheap, shiny wartime paper and cost 3 / 6. It includes photographs by Bill Brandt and drawings by Gordon Cullen. A full colour, folded plan of London is pasted into the back cover and there can found a glossary of useful terms such as ‘Architect’ (‘. . . traditionally makes his buildings not merely efficient but also beautiful’), ‘Period Planning’ (‘. . . a “plan” without attention to the process of its achievement is just a “good idea”; period planning is not something extra to “the plan”, it is a fundamental element of the plan itself’), and ‘Civic Centre’ (‘the town centre in which the chief community and public buildings are grouped together in a planned order for the convenience and delight of the people.’) The Penguin logo is in dancing mode on the front cover: heady days indeed.
Beautifully written and slightly patronising – the book appeals to readers to pay attention and think – as this will affect their lives. The authors were clearly proud of the fact that the Plan was being published and not kept secret, and that its ears were open to comment. There is certainly a refreshing faith what planning might achieve: ‘every move in the planning business is to be reckoned in terms of human use, convenience and happiness’, though it is important to remember the appalling squalor of much of prewar London with industry and the railways belching out chemicals, smoke and stink. Much of the emphasis is on public health.
The London County Plan identified four major defects in the capital: traffic congestion, depressed housing, the inadequacy and maldistribution of open spaces and the undesirable jumble of houses and factories. These, together with ‘sprawl and suburbanising’, ‘an absence of coherent architectural treatment of recent building’ and unplanned development of the (then still private) railways, all made for a city in crisis. The LCC planners saw London as a ‘vast and terrific affair, large and largely out of control . . . and only sick, not dead.’ The core of the Plan therefore suggests ways in which each of these could be tackled.
The proposals are radical: big arterial roads to keep the traffic separated and moving, relocating people out into new towns to release more open space, adjusting of densities, applying ‘order’. For us, with hindsight, it is easy to be amazed at the faith in this vision of the ‘ordered’ city – ‘There is a clean and tidy loveliness in a great new road which if we capture it for London will help to make London a city with some of the character of a new and modern metropolis’ – even if we remember the grey, chaotic, frightening and unpredictable environment within which this was written.
And it makes for a convincing read until we are shown what this vision might look like. Photographs of the diagrammatic model makes one grateful that, in the end, financial and legal pressures – and straightforward bungling – prevented the wholesale flattening and ‘ordering’ of Shoreditch, for example. Reading the Plan is a useful reminder of how delicate this kind of thinking is. You miss a couple of factors such as insufficient funds, mass car ownership, human selfishness, China, global warming – and suddenly the vision falls apart. City motorways do not work and are not lovely; bleak unloved ‘open spaces’ do not work; and architects, for many reasons, are rarely able to deliver buildings that are beautiful.
But these ideas underpinned the 1947 Town and Country Planning Act that formed our cities and towns until 1987. Most of the New Towns designed around these principles were and are successful, which suggests that the layering of big visions on to an old, battered, fabric is dangerous: unless you can do it properly the results can be cruel.
The brief for the book was for the thinking, or the ‘science’, behind the ideas to be explained. There are beautiful maps of every sort, and stunning photographs. There are several pictograms showing how calculations are made, for example, for the number of rooms needed per family unit, the space required between different building types, how to project urban densities and the consequences of that, the rate of accidents set against the growth in car ownership. These anticipate the work of Edward Tufte and are far more than charming period pieces. They are layered with subtleties that offer more information as you dig for it, while the main message remains clear. And what makes the maps so beautiful?
They are hand drawn, the colours are delicate and careful, and each has atmosphere of its own. The dark cloud defining London on those showing population growth celebrates the city itself, somehow encouraging the idea that living within its boundaries is a privilege and one that all Londoners should sign up to. Tough, of course, if you are one of the families about to be relocated. | <urn:uuid:0d07a2e0-96fc-4a7e-b45e-46f7ea141464> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.eyemagazine.com/feature/article/vision-of-a-future-that-never-was | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00316-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951139 | 1,293 | 2.53125 | 3 |
The Federal Communications Commission plans to boost the unlicensed spectrum allocated to Wi-Fi by 35 percent to support speeds in the gigabit range, roughly double today’s standards, FCC Chairman Julius Genachowski said.
Speaking at the annual International Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas on Wednesday, Genachowski said the Commission will take the first steps next month to allocate up to 195 percent of spectrum in the 5 GHz band for Wi-Fi use.
“As this spectrum comes on line, we expect it to relieve congested Wi-Fi networks at major hubs like convention centers and airports. It will also help in homes as tablets and smartphones proliferate and video use rises,” he said.
Wi-Fi operates in both the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands and the latest, widely used industry standard, 802.11n, supports throughput at speeds up to 600 megabits per second.
Multiple Wi-Fi chipset manufacturers have embraced a new standard, 802.11 ac, to support gigabit speeds. Channels for this new standard require at least 80 MHz of spectrum each (four times the size of channels in 2.4 GHz and double the width of channels of 5 GHz used for 802.11n). As a result, it can only operate in the 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum, which runs from 5.1 GHz to 5.8 GHz. (Not all contiguous channes are used for Wi-Fi in this slice of 5 GHz spectrum.)
Commissioner Ajit Pai said the 802.11ac standard “requires large, contiguous swaths of spectrum for high-speed, high-capacity data transfers. Spectrum in the 5 GHz spectrum is tailor-made for this innovative standard.”
Genachowski’s proposal would add enough spectrum for at least two 80 MHz channels to the six currently available, but he did not identify specific frequencies.
FCC first approved Wi-Fi use 30 years ago in a move followed by other countries. Today, 61 percent of Americans use the technology compared to 80 percent penetration in Korea and 73 percent in the United Kingdom, research firm Strategy Analytics reported in April 2012. At the end of 2011, 439 million households worldwide used Wi-Fi. Strategy Analytics predicted usage would nearly double to 800 million by 2016. | <urn:uuid:d3521441-8962-44f7-9f6a-ae189d04e8a6> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.nextgov.com/mobile/2013/01/mobile-users-rejoice-superfast-wi-fi-coming/60618/?oref=ng-relatedstories | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718866.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00004-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.907144 | 468 | 2.46875 | 2 |
It is possibly the biggest planning decision Lancashire will ever take. And probably the most controversial.
But shale gas exploration – or fracking – is coming to a field near you soon, if councillors approve it by October.
The first of two huge applications has landed on the table at County Hall with a thud. It is thousands of pages thick and reveals for the first time the full extent of what explorers Cuadrilla intend to do with the green pastures between Preston and Blackpool and, more importantly, beneath them.
The planning application for drilling up to four exploratory wells on land off Preston New Road at Little Plumpton, to the west of Kirkham, will be considered over the next 16 weeks. A similar one, in size and content, is due to arrive soon for another site at Roseacre Wood near Inskip.
Cuadrilla want the go-ahead to start drilling and testing for natural gas in both locations using a process which has already been blamed for causing earth tremors on the Fylde Coast in May 2011.
Even if they decide there are insufficient reserves under Lancashire to warrant long-term extraction, the timescale from drilling to returning the sites to their original form is five years, according to one of 90 separate reports in the Preston New Road submission.
Cuadrilla say they have listened hard to locals before submitting their plans. But opponents Friends of the Earth in the North West say the consultation process has been “little more than a public relations exercise to hype up the supposed benefits of fracking to a very wary community.”
Responding to the mammoth application Helen Rimmer said: “They can’t hide the fact that fracking is a highly risky operation that would see drilling and flaring 24 hours a day in rural Fylde, produce vast amounts of toxic wastewater and create only eleven jobs while risking the farming and tourism economies.
“If this application is granted it could pave the way for thousands of fracking wells in Lancashire. Instead of fracking we should be harnessing clean renewable energy sources.”
Cuadrilla’s submissions for the Preston New Road site would involve:
l The construction of a drilling pad for four wells just 500-metres west of the village of Little Plumpton.
l Round-the-clock 24/7 drilling for around two years.
l Fracking of all four wells – taking two months each – but only during daylight hours.
l Removal of waste water, containing low levels of natural radioactive material, from the site by road to a Government treatment facility.
l Burning of gas in two giant flare stacks for as long as two years per well.
l Increased traffic on local roads due to wagons travelling to and from the site.
The company says that, even if the supplies of gas are not sufficient to warrant full scale extraction, the whole process from building the drilling platform to returning the site to its original condition will take almost five years.
“We’ve been working hard to take on board feedback received during our extensive consultation with local residents, community groups and broader stakeholders,” said Cuadrilla’s chief executive Francis Egan. “I am very grateful to those people who gave us their comments. Where it has been reasonably practical to do so, we have amended our plans to incorporate feedback and suggestions.” | <urn:uuid:80947bb1-4cf7-46f6-a92e-078444dbaa33> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.lep.co.uk/news/revealed-how-fracking-will-affect-us-1-6668173 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00181-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950446 | 693 | 2.078125 | 2 |
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Human Rights Consultant (Action plan development) – Ref No.: IC/SEI/2022/40 for Sri Lankans only
|Location :||Colombo, SRI LANKA|
|Application Deadline :||15-Aug-22 (Midnight New York, USA)|
|Type of Contract :||Individual Contract|
|Post Level :||National Consultant|
|Languages Required :||English|
|Duration of Initial Contract :||12 Months|
UNDP is committed to achieving workforce diversity in terms of gender, nationality and culture. Individuals from minority groups, indigenous groups and persons with disabilities are equally encouraged to apply. All applications will be treated with the strictest confidence.
UNDP does not tolerate sexual exploitation and abuse, any kind of harassment, including sexual harassment, and discrimination. All selected candidates will, therefore, undergo rigorous reference and background checks.
UNDP Sri Lanka’s Flagship Portfolio on SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions brings together inclusive governance and peacebuilding work under one umbrella. The Portfolio is implemented by UNDP as part of its Country Programme and the United Nations Sustainable Development Framework and enables the provision of cohesive and integrated support to the Government of Sri Lanka.
This includes improving the effectiveness, responsiveness, and accountability of key institutions to deliver people-centered services; promoting inclusive, and participatory decision-making processes; and strengthening peace and reconciliation. Specifically, the portfolio contributes to the achievement of SDG 16+ targets, thus also enabling achievement of all SDGs. The portfolio intervenes across four inter-related thematic pillars: Voice and Representation, Rights and Justice, Strong and Efficient Institutions, and Social Cohesion.
Background to the initiative
The Sri Lankan Government has an obligation to take all possible steps to promote and protect human rights and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs continues its efforts to promote compliance with Sri Lanka's treaty body obligations through legislative and policy reform. The MOFA is vested with the responsibility to steer the Universal Periodic Review (UPR) mechanism set up under the Human Rights Council.
Complying with Sri Lanka’s treaty body obligations is an important component in this endeavour, and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) is in the process of promoting such compliance through various initiative including legislative and policy reform, including the designing and formulation of the National Human Rights Action Plan (NHRAP) which needs to be developed for the year 2023. A fresh consultative process is therefore required to inform and enable the formulation of a new NHRAP for the next five-year period. In formulating a new NHRAP, the MOFA is keen to not only draw upon Government inputs through the respective line ministries and institutions, but to also draw on external expertise and consultation with relevant UN agencies, CSOs and development partners.
SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES
Against the above background, UNDP is looking to recruit a Human Rights consultant to support the MFA.
He/she will be responsible for the below:
a) To work with relevant officials of the UN & HR Division of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, coordinate with stakeholders to undertake a review of the National Human Rights Action Plan (NHRAP) for 2017-2022, assess its implementation with a view to developing a multi-sectoral National Human Rights Action Plan for the next term (2022 -2027) in promotion and protection of all human rights, in line with the international treaty body obligations to which Sri Lanka is a party to.
b) Review the primary documentation related to the assignment in order to identify the areas of intervention and the key players to be involved in the process of developing the National Human Right Action Plan.
c) Conduct a comprehensive consultative process with the relevant Government institutions and officials of as well as the wider human rights community including civil society and other vulnerable groups on human rights concerns and priorities.
d) As part of the consultative process, carry out field visits targeting institutions and communities to have a firsthand understanding of the human rights situation and in recommending how the plan will factor the human rights concern of different locations and interests.
e) To consult with relevant Government and other stakeholders in developing immediate, short-term and long-term objectives for the duration of the NHRAP.
f) Develop and submit a draft NHRAP (2022- 2027) which will be subjected to technical reviews and stakeholder’s consideration in a validation workshop, and incorporate comments emerging for the reviews and stakeholder’s consultations and finalize assessment report.
g) To develop a comprehensive costing plan and budget for the National Human Rights Action Plan indicating anticipated sources of funding for the NHRAP from government and development partners as well as highlight funding the deficit gap that requires that mobilization of resources.
h) To develop mechanisms to support and monitor the implementation of the NHRAP by outlining clear results and outcomes milestones, targets and specific interventions that will be carried out in the role out of the NHRAP. This also needs to include a detailed monitoring framework with specificity on types of monitoring activities, the frequency of monitoring, officials or institutions responsible for each monitoring activities and reporting.
i) Regularly update Ministry of Foreign Affairs and UNDP on progress in the development of the action plan.
Duties and Responsibilities
EXPECTED OUTPUTS AND DELIVERABLES
The Consultant is responsible for the below:
The assignment should be completed within 12 months of the assumption of duties.
The prospective consultant should have the following competencies and qualifications.
Required Skills and Experience
Master’s Degree in Law, social science or other related fields of study with a strong link with human rights
A Bachelor’s Degree in Law, social science or other related fields of study coupled with 5 years relevant experience.
Selection of an Individual Consultant
Evaluation Method and Criteria
The award of the contract shall be made to the individual consultant whose offer has been evaluated and determined as a) responsive/compliant/acceptable; and b) having received the highest score out of set of weighted technical criteria (70%). and financial criteria (30%). Financial score shall be computed as a ratio of the proposal being evaluated and the lowest priced proposal received by UNDP for the assignment.
Technical Criteria for Evaluation (Maximum 700 points)
Overall technical evaluation criteria:
Details of evaluation criteria and marking scheme:
Part 1: Relevance of education:
Part 2: Relevance of experience in area of specialization:
Part 3: Special skills
Only candidates obtaining a minimum of 490 points (70% of the total technical points) would be considered for the Financial Evaluation.
The application should contain:
All Inclusive Lump Sum amount: LKR (_____________________________________)
Amount in words: (Rs._______________________________________________________________)
Note: Payments will be based on invoices on achievement of agreed milestones i.e., upon delivery of the services specified in the TOR and certification of acceptance by the UNDP. The applicant must factor in all possible costs in his/her “All Inclusive Lump Sum Fee” including his/her consultancy and professional fee, board and lodging, and any other foreseeable costs in this exercise. No costs other than what has been indicated in the financial proposal will be paid or reimbursed to the consultant. UNDP will only pay for any unplanned travel outside of this TOR and Duty Station on actual basis and on submission of original bills/invoices and on prior agreement with UNDP officials. Daily per diem and costs for accommodation/meals/incidental expenses for such travel shall not exceed established local UNDP DSA rates.
For an Individual Contractor who is 65 years of age or older, and on an assignment requiring travel, be it for the purpose of arriving at the duty station or as an integral duty required to travel under the TOR, a full medical examination and statement of fitness to work must be provided. Such medical examination costs must be factored into the financial proposal above.
PAYMENT FOR SERVICES
Payments will be based on work completed/ progress certified by the Senior Technical Specialist, of the JURE Project. The consultant would need to attach a progress report when requesting payment.
Payments will be based on the submission of written reports specifying the tasks accomplished towards achieving the deliverables outlined above.
UNDP is committed to achieving diversity within its workplace, and encourages all qualified applicants, irrespective of gender, nationality, disabilities, sexual orientation, culture, religious and ethnic backgrounds to apply. All applications will be treated in the strictest confidence. | <urn:uuid:be5e795e-c335-4399-a077-ead5082bc233> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jobs.undp.org/cj_view_job.cfm?cur_job_id=108253 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00676.warc.gz | en | 0.878166 | 2,495 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Diversity & Inclusion Policy
Promoting Diversity and Inclusion in a Genealogical Society
Prepared by Brenda Leyndyke, President Michigan Genealogical Council
Some ways to make members feel safe, comfortable, and welcome at your meetings and events:
- Create diversity and inclusion policies.
- Be welcoming to all-welcome all interested parties to your meetings, including nonmembers.
- Accept people for who they are.
- Make meeting spaces accessible to all.
- Publish your policies and statements in newsletters, and on your website, and social media channels.
- Reach out to your community by diversifying your monthly programs -feature speakers that have broad cultural perspectives.
- Have a mini class and spend time each month learning about different cultural traditions.
- Partner with diverse community organizations on meetings and activities- for example, have an LBGT program. Coordinate with your local LBGT organization.
- Be mindful and open to communication where issues can be discussed and improved upon.
- Recruit diverse board members.
- Treat people the way they want to be treated.
- Mirror the community you serve.
- Reevaluate the images you use in your newsletters and website. Do they feature a mixture of races, genders, and religions?
- Keep language gender neutral. For example, use the words “friends” or “people” instead of “ladies and gentlemen” or “guys”.
- Host a cultural fair, ethnic food festival, or cultural art exhibition.
- Recognize heritage holidays and occasions.
- Evaluate yourselves or ask attendees to evaluate the diversity of your organization. Seek their ideas.
- Check in with your members, ask them, “how are you are doing today?”
- Use diverse vendors-actively seek out businesses owned by minorities.
- Hold your meeting at diverse venues -African American churches, mosques, or cultural centers in your area.
For more information
- National Council for Nonprofits: Why Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Matters in Nonprofits. https://www.councilofnonprofits.org/tools-resources/why-diversity-equity-and-inclusion-matter-nonprofits
- W.K. Kellogg Foundation: Racial Equity Resource Guide Glossary. http://www.racialequityresourceguide.org/about/glossary
- Board Source: Beyond Political Correctness-Building a Diverse and Inclusive Board. https://boardsource.org/resources/building-diverse-inclusive-board/ | <urn:uuid:db29c472-504b-4bc0-a403-a10806ce3eef> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mimgc.org/diversity-inclusion/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.838749 | 538 | 1.992188 | 2 |
You are currently browsing the monthly archive for May 2007.
I gave a non-technical talk today to the local chapter of the Pi Mu Epsilon society here at UCLA. I chose to talk on the cosmic distance ladder – the hierarchy of rather clever (yet surprisingly elementary) mathematical methods that astronomers use to indirectly measure very large distances, such as the distance to planets, nearby stars, or distant stars. This ladder was really started by the ancient Greeks, who used it to measure the size and relative locations of the Earth, Sun and Moon to reasonable accuracy, and then continued by Copernicus, Brahe and Kepler who then measured distances to the planets, and in the modern era to stars, galaxies, and (very recently) to the scale of the universe itself. It’s a great testament to the power of indirect measurement, and to the use of mathematics to cleverly augment observation.
For this (rather graphics-intensive) talk, I used Powerpoint for the first time; the slides (which are rather large – 3 megabytes) – can be downloaded here. [I gave an earlier version of this talk in Australia last year in a plainer PDF format, and had to get someone to convert it for me.]
[Update, May 31: In case the powerpoint file is too large or unreadable, I also have my older PDF version of the talk, which omits all the graphics.]
The Skolem-Mahler-Lech theorem in algebraic number theory is a significant generalisation of the obvious statement that a polynomial either has finitely many zeroes (in particular, the set of zeroes is bounded), or it vanishes identically. It appeals to me (despite not really being within my areas of expertise) because it is one of the simplest (non-artificial) results I know of which (currently) comes with an ineffective bound – a bound which is provably finite, but which cannot be computed! It appears that to obtain an effective result, one may need a rather different proof. (I thank Kousha Etessami and Tom Lenagan for drawing this problem to my attention.)
Ineffective bounds seem to arise particularly often in number theory. I am aware of at least three ways in which they come in:
- By using methods from soft (infinitary) analysis.
- By using the fact that any finite set in a metric space is bounded (i.e. is contained in a ball of finite radius centred at a designated origin).
- By using the fact that any set of finite diameter in a metric space is bounded.
Regarding #1, there are often ways to make these arguments quantitative and effective, as discussed in my previous post. But #2 and #3 seem to be irreducibly ineffective: if you know that a set A has finite cardinality or finite diameter, you know it has finite distance to the origin, but an upper bound on the cardinality or diameter does not translate to an effective bound on the radius of the ball centred at the origin needed to contain the set. [In the spirit of the preceding post, one can conclude an effective “meta-bound” on such a set, establishing a large annulus in which the set has no presence, but this is not particularly satisfactory.] The problem with the Skolem-Mahler-Lech theorem is that all the known proofs use #2 at some point.
In the field of analysis, it is common to make a distinction between “hard”, “quantitative”, or “finitary” analysis on one hand, and “soft”, “qualitative”, or “infinitary” analysis on the other. “Hard analysis” is mostly concerned with finite quantities (e.g. the cardinality of finite sets, the measure of bounded sets, the value of convergent integrals, the norm of finite-dimensional vectors, etc.) and their quantitative properties (in particular, upper and lower bounds). “Soft analysis”, on the other hand, tends to deal with more infinitary objects (e.g. sequences, measurable sets and functions, -algebras, Banach spaces, etc.) and their qualitative properties (convergence, boundedness, integrability, completeness, compactness, etc.). To put it more symbolically, hard analysis is the mathematics of , , , and ; soft analysis is the mathematics of 0, , , and .
At first glance, the two types of analysis look very different; they deal with different types of objects, ask different types of questions, and seem to use different techniques in their proofs. They even use different axioms of mathematics; the axiom of infinity, the axiom of choice, and the Dedekind completeness axiom for the real numbers are often invoked in soft analysis, but rarely in hard analysis. (As a consequence, there are occasionally some finitary results that can be proven easily by soft analysis but are in fact impossible to prove via hard analysis methods; the Paris-Harrington theorem gives a famous example.) Because of all these differences, it is common for analysts to specialise in only one of the two types of analysis. For instance, as a general rule (and with notable exceptions), discrete mathematicians, computer scientists, real-variable harmonic analysts, and analytic number theorists tend to rely on “hard analysis” tools, whereas functional analysts, operator algebraists, abstract harmonic analysts, and ergodic theorists tend to rely on “soft analysis” tools. (PDE is an interesting intermediate case in which both types of analysis are popular and useful, though many practitioners of PDE still prefer to primarily use just one of the two types. Another interesting transition occurs on the interface between point-set topology, which largely uses soft analysis, and metric geometry, which largely uses hard analysis. Also, the ineffective bounds which crop up from time to time in analytic number theory are a sort of hybrid of hard and soft analysis. Finally, there are examples of evolution of a field from soft analysis to hard (e.g. Banach space geometry) or vice versa (e.g. recent developments in extremal combinatorics, particularly in relation to the regularity lemma).)
On Friday, Yau concluded his lecture series by discussing the PDE approach to constructing geometric structures, particularly Einstein metrics, and their applications to many questions in low-dimensional topology (yes, this includes the Poincaré conjecture). Yau also discussed the situation in high-dimensional topology, which appears to be completely different (and much less well understood).
Yau’s slides for this talk are available here.
On Thursday, Yau continued his lecture series on geometric structures, focusing a bit more on the tools and philosophy that goes into actually building these structures. Much of the philosophy, in its full generality, is still rather vague and not properly formalised, but is nevertheless supported by a large number of rigorously worked out examples and results in special cases. A dominant theme in this talk was the interaction between geometry and physics, in particular general relativity and string theory.
As usual, there are likely to be some inaccuracies in my presentation of Yau’s talk (I am not really an expert in this subject), and corrections are welcome. Yau’s slides for this talk are available here.
Read the rest of this entry »
The final Distinguished Lecture Series for this academic year at UCLA was started on Tuesday by Shing-Tung Yau. (We’ve had a remarkably high-quality array of visitors this year; for instance, in addition to those already mentioned in this blog, mathematicians such as Peter Lax and Michael Freedman have come here and given lectures earlier this year.) Yau’s chosen topic is “Geometric Structures on Manifolds”, and the first talk was an introduction and overview of his later two, titled “What is a Geometric Structure.” Once again, I found this a great opportunity to learn about a field adjacent to my own areas of expertise, in this case geometric analysis (which is adjacent to nonlinear PDE).
This is a well-known problem in multilinear harmonic analysis; it is fascinating to me because it lies barely beyond the reach of the best technology we have for these problems (namely, multiscale time-frequency analysis), and because the most recent developments in quadratic Fourier analysis seem likely to shed some light on this problem.
Recall that the Hilbert transform is defined on test functions (up to irrelevant constants) as
where the integral is evaluated in the principal value sense (removing the region to ensure integrability, and then taking the limit as .)
On Thursday Shou-wu Zhang concluded his lecture series by talking about the higher genus case , and in particular focusing on some recent work of his which is related to the effective Mordell conjecture and the abc conjecture. The higher genus case is substantially more difficult than the genus 0 or genus 1 cases, and one often needs to use techniques from many different areas of mathematics (together with one or two unproven conjectures) to get somewhere.
This is perhaps the most technical of all the talks, but also the closest to recent developments, in particular the modern attacks on the abc conjecture. (Shou-wu made the point that one sometimes needs to move away from naive formulations of problems to obtain deeper formulations which are more difficult to understand, but can be easier to prove due to the availability of tools, structures, and intuition that were difficult to access in a naive setting, as well as the ability to precisely formulate and quantify what would otherwise be very fuzzy analogies.)
On Wednesday, Shou-wu Zhang continued his lecture series. Whereas the first lecture was a general overview of the rational points on curves problem, the second talk focused entirely on the genus 1 case – i.e. the problem of finding rational points on elliptic curves. This is already a very deep and important problem in number theory – for instance, this theory is decisive in Wiles’ proof of Fermat’s last theorem. It was also somewhat more technical than the previous talk, and I had more difficulty following all the details, but in any case here is my attempt to reconstruct the talk from my notes. Once again, the inevitable inaccuracies here are my fault and not Shou-wu’s, and corrections or comments are greatly appreciated.
NB: the talk here seems to be loosely based in part on Shou-wu’s “Current developments in Mathematics” article from 2001.
[This lecture is also doubling as this week’s “open problem of the week”, as it discusses the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture and the effective Mordell conjecture.]
Like many other maths departments, UCLA has a distinguished lecture series for eminent mathematicians to present recent developments in a field of mathematics, both to a broad audience and to specialists. Unlike most departments, though, our lecture series goes by the descriptive (but unimaginative) name of “Distinguished Lecture Series“, supported by the Gill Foundation. This week the lecture series is given by Shou-wu Zhang from Columbia, and revolves around the topic of rational points on curves, a key subject of interest in arithmetic geometry and number theory. The first of three talks, which was on Tuesday, was a very accessible and enjoyable overview talk, which I am reproducing here (to use this opportunity to learn this stuff myself, and also to continue the diversification of subject matter here on this blog). As before, I do not vouch for 100% accuracy, and all errors are my responsibility rather than Shou-wu’s. | <urn:uuid:95fd1d68-3644-43ba-bbce-1b43fabb64bf> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://terrytao.wordpress.com/2007/05/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00345-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957211 | 2,455 | 2.203125 | 2 |
International Garden Photographer of the Year 2009 Competition
The competition is Entries are welcome from any country in the world. There are no restrictions on the type of camera you use, or the techniques you use to produce your final image.
The categories of the Competition are:
(a) Plant Portraits;
(b) Wildlife in the Garden;
(c) Garden Views;
(d) People in the Garden;
(f) World Botanic Gardens;
(g) The Edible Garden;
The judges will select around 100 finalists whose photographs will be printed to exhibition standard and planned to be shown at a major exhibition at Kew Gardens, London in the summer of 2009, with substantial press coverage. All finalists will receive an invitation to the private view. Details of this will be announced later in the year.
One finalist will win the title ‘Garden Photographer of the Year’ and an under 16 finalist will win ‘Young Garden Photographer of the Year’.
Each category will have a winner and two runner-up prizes. An additional prize will be awarded for the best portfolio and there will be two portfolio runners-up prizes.
Best overall Single Image*: £5,000 cash and the title “Garden Photographer of the Year”
Best overall Portfolio: £3,000 cash, £2,000 Calumet Photographic Vouchers, plus more than £1,000 worth of vouchers from Manfrotto, Kata and Visible Dust
Best in Category (eg ‘Plant Portraits’): £700 cash, plus more than £700 in Kata, Manfrotto and Visible Dust vouchers
The competition costs £10 to enter. You can pay in British Pounds, Euros, or US Dollars.
As at 26.03.08 – £10 = €13 approx
As at 26.03.08 – £10 = $20 approx
(Note that the exchange rate applied will be that defined by the banking system; we do not have any control over this.)
First, you must choose which category fits your image best.
For £10 you can enter up to 4 photographs in one of the categories. If you wish to enter another category, then this costs an additional £10 for up to 4 photographs . You can enter as many photographs in as many categories as you like.
So you can, for example, buy 4 entries for ‘Plant Portraits’. You can then, if you wish, buy 4 more entries for ‘Plant Portraits’, or 4 more entries for a different category- it is entirely your decision.
Or you may choose to enter a portfolio of 6 themed photographs . This costs £20 per category entered. You can enter as many portfolios as you like.
So you can, for example, buy a portfolio entry for ‘Plant Portraits’. You can then, if you wish, buy a second portfolio entry for ‘Plant Portraits’, or a portfolio entry for a different category- it is entirely your decision.
As at 26.03.08 – £20 = €26 approx
As at 26.03.08 – £20 = $40 approx
Note that portflio photographs will not be judged as single images. They will only be judged as one of six themed photographs.
Preparing your Images
We recommend that you make your final decision on which photographs you are going to enter before you upload them to the competition.
You must have taken the picture on a camera that will enable good prints to be made from them for
the exhibition at Kew .This means that if your photograph is shortlisted, you will need to supply high quality jpeg images of around 1 megabyte as a minimum. More advanced users should aim to supply image files in 8bit TIFF format, with a filesize between 20-50 mb – this size would enable us to make larger prints if desired.
You can still be a winner with a small camera – commended pictures will also be shown in a special online gallery during 2009.
Digital manipulation by software such as Photoshop is allowed.
More information is here: | <urn:uuid:ff7c4fb4-ad0d-433a-9f1e-b557f3d01c1e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.photocompete.com/2008/07/22/international-garden-photographer-of-the-year-2009-competition/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.924214 | 900 | 1.5 | 2 |
Pirelli Motorsport has named the three F1 compounds to be used during the Spanish GP and the Canadian GP.
The compounds for the first four races of the 2019 F1 season has already been released with the choices of the drivers and teams for Australian GP revealed as well, as only a week remains for the new season to kick-off in Melbourne.
With the rule of finalising and revealing the compounds eight weeks in advance for the European races, Pirelli has fixed upon the three hardest compounds for the Spanish GP at Circuit de Catalunya, as they will bring C1, C2 and C3.
The same combination will already be seen in the race in Bahrain. As for the Canadian GP, they have opted for the three softest compound with C3, C4 and C5 named – which for now will be the first time, the combination will be used in the 2019 F1 season.
The rule for flyaway races’ announcement is 14 weeks in advance. While the new name sounds confusing at this juncture – even to Mercedes’ Lewis Hamilton – the races will see only three colours in use with white, yellow and red denoting hard, medium and soft.
The sub-names like C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5 is only for the die-hard or nerd fanatics along with the media, who fancy little details about the sport. The wet and intermediate compounds though stay the same in marking as blue and green respectively.
Pirelli compounds nomination chart:
Australia – C2, C3, C4
Bahrain – C1, C2, C3
China – C2, C3, C4
Azerbaijan – C2, C3, C4
Spain – C1, C2, C3
Canada – C3, C4, C5 | <urn:uuid:40e2a33c-b7ed-47ec-92cc-ed6644396619> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://formularapida.net/pirelli-reveals-the-three-f1-compounds-for-spanish-gp-and-canadian-gp/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.944994 | 385 | 1.710938 | 2 |
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About Adidas adidas a name that stands for competence in all sectors of sport around the globe. The vision of company founder Adolf Dassler has long become reality and his corporate philosophy the guiding principle for successor generations. The idea was as simple as it was brilliant. Adi Dasslers aim was to provide every athlete with the best possible equipment. It all began in 1920 when Adi Dassler made his first shoes using the few materials available after the First World War. Today the adidas product range extends from shoes apparel and accessories for basketball soccer fitness and training to adventure trail and golf. | <urn:uuid:24573940-a918-409a-9d95-cb0d07cfc919> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.essentialapparel.com/b/adidas?subcats=Y&features_hash=V850 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00012-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968155 | 131 | 1.65625 | 2 |
This plant is a member of the lily family and native to tropical and temperate parts of the world and comprises about 350 species worldwide. It is native to South America, Jamaica, the Caribbean, Mexico (species ornate is native to Mexico), Honduras, and the West Indies. The name sarsaparilla is not surprisingly a derivation of the Spanish words that describe the plant; zarza (bramble or bush), parra (vine), and illa (small)—a small, brambled vine. It is a well known component of traditional Root Beer; though it is likely that the plant was used to produce the characteristic foam (saponins form soapy bubbles in solution), rather than as a flavoring agent. Root Beer was flavored with Sassafras.
Sarsaparilla contains saponins, specifically sarsapogenin saponins. These chemicals can be synthetically altered in a lab into steroidal comp0unds, but this does not occur in the human body. Curiously, the sarsapogenins have been shown to bind to endotoxins in the alimentary canal. This lowers the general complement level, and encourages a healthy inflammatory response in the body as a whole. This is a possible explanation of why almost every traditional culture that has used the plant found it helpful for the skin, joints, liver, reproductive function and blood.
Uses of Sarsaparilla
This information in our Herbal Reference Guide is intended only as a general reference for further exploration, and is not a replacement for professional health advice. This content does not provide dosage information, format recommendations, toxicity levels, or possible interactions with prescription drugs. Accordingly, this information should be used only under the direct supervision of a qualified health practitioner such as a naturopathic physician. | <urn:uuid:82a4723f-98f8-4965-8bf8-943b7c33ec91> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.gaiaherbs.com/products/ingredient/308/Sarsaparilla | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279410.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00164-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.932189 | 371 | 3.03125 | 3 |
Homeopathy Treatment for Skin Diseases (Rashes, Allergies, Etc)
Having a healthy skin means have the tension gone. But all are not fortunate enough to have beautiful skin naturally. So, we have to find ways to make our skin healthy and beautiful. People suffer from various skin problems, some of which are common while others are not so common. Some go away with topical application of medicines, whereas others need internal treatments as well.
Homoeopathy is a system of medicine in which the medicines attack and cure the root cause of the issue, without any side effects. It is needed in very small doses and made with natural substances. Instead of treating only the symptoms, it goes deep into the body and destroys the root cause of the symptoms.
Homoeopathy is very effective for curing various skin issues like eczema, allergy, rashes, uriticaria, psoriasis, lichen planus and so on.
Best Homeopathic Treatment for Skin Disorders:
Arsenicum is a good remedy for various problems of the skin, especially where the skin gets thickened as in chronic uriticaria, psoriasis and chronic eczema. When you suffer from such skin diseases, you experience swelling of the skin as well as well as a sensation of itching and burning on the skin. This medicine can also help in curing nettle rash. If you have pimples on your skin, Arsenicum can help you get rid of them.
Cantharis is great for treating burns and also skin conditions that resemble burns. It is a good cure for sunburns, skin eruptions, blisters and insect bites. Symptoms like blister formations and searing pain are well treated with Cantharis. It can relive pains that are caused by second or third degree burns. If your skin gets burnt but is unbroken, then applying it on the burnt area provides you instant relief and may even prevent vesication. If the skin is broken, then you can apply it externally with boiled or distilled water.
This can treat various skin problems. Moist scruffy eruptions on the scalp, joints, face, between the fingers and behind the ears are best treated by this medicine. It is also effective for treating cracked corners of the eyes and the mouth, bleeding and the honey-like gluey and thick discharge, etc. Dry and itchy skin, brittle hair that falls off easily and other such symptoms can also be treated with Graphite.
This can also treat eczema. In addition to treating eczema, it is also a good remedy for those who suffer from mental disturbances as a result of grief and disappointment. Those who are resentful, fearful of rejection and keep thinking about the unhappy instances of the past, also get relief by having this medicine.
This medicine is very effective for treating ulcers with symptoms like excessive granulations, ragged, zigzag and raised edges, blisters, vascular bleeding and as well as ulcers in the mouth, tongue, genitals etc. Some of the other symptoms for which Natricum Acidium or nitric acid is beneficial are pain during the movement of bowel, fissures, intense physical irritability and so on.
Pusatilla is very beneficial for females. It can treat rashes caused due to profuse menses or scanty menses and also rashes that appear due to gastric or uterine issues. Sometimes these rashes are accompanied with diarrhea. Nettle rash is a skin issue that becomes worse when winter starts and it causes itching when your skin is exposed to the air. Pusatilla can treat this condition very effectively. It is also a good remedy for acne.
This is an excellent remedy for curing eczema. Eczema causes numerous vesicular eruptions on your skin. Itching, swelling, tingling etc are the symptoms of this disease. It becomes worse at night and also in winter and in damp weather. Cold air can make things worse. Warmth and moisture offer temporary relief to people suffering from eczema. If you do not treat it on time, it can become uriticaria and herpes. Rhus-Tox can treat eczema very effectively.
If you are susceptible to herpes, then Sepia is the right medicine for you. It is very effective for treating symptoms of this disease that are found on the bends of the joints, ankles, knees, behind the ears etc. The skin is dry at the beginning of herpes and then it may turn moist, releasing a discharge. Some other symptoms of this disease are brownish spots, liver spots and yellow spots on the skin. It is also good for treating eczema that occurs on the hands as well as dry and chapped skin. Psoriasis can also be treated with Sepia.
Another name for sulphur is ‘skin remedy’. The powerful centrifugal action of sulphur helps in bringing the symptoms to the surface and providing you relief from such symptoms. The burning aggravation due to washing is well treated by sulphur. It is also very effective for treating soreness and itching in the folds of the skin, as well as the roughness and coarseness of the skin. It is good for combating hair problems like itchiness on the scalp and hair fall. If your nails are not growing properly, sulphur can make it grow well. Skin diseases like psoriasis and eczema are also treated by sulphur. You can get rid of acne with the help of sulphur.
This is good for treating skin problems like warts, age spots, acne and so on. it can help you get rid of brown age spots, scaly patches and itchy skin. It is also a good remedy for papulo-vesiculo-pustulur eruptions on the skin. It can also cure tubercles, epithelioma, warts, naevi, carbuncles, freckles, ulcers etc.
Thuja acts mainly on the skin and genito-urinal organs. The anti-bacterial property of this medicine makes it great for treating blackheads, acne, whiteheads and so on.
Homoeopathy can treat a variety of skin problems. The homoeopath first understands the mind, habit, genetics and other problems of the patient and then prescribes the medicine. However, it takes time to get the expected results. But the wait is worth the results you get. It repairs your body from within. | <urn:uuid:33d0e932-b0e5-43c3-a6e0-d7bf08a8562e> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.stylishwalks.com/homeopathy-treatment-skin-diseases-rashes-allergies/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721141.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00416-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.944321 | 1,328 | 2.125 | 2 |
as indicated before : the nickname is a shadow of a real table
the columns can not be changed, only the datatype mapping
drop nickname-create nickname will reflect changes to base table
ALL doc is in the infocenter
Best Regards, Guy Przytula
Database Software Consultant
Good DBAs are not formed in a week or a month. They are created little by little, day by day. Protracted and patient effort is needed to develop good DBAs.
Spoon feeding : To treat (another) in a way that discourages independent thought or action, as by overindulgence.
DB2 UDB LUW Certified V7-V8-V9-V9.7-V10.1-V10.5 DB Admin - Advanced DBA -Dprop..
Information Server Datastage Certified http://www.infocura.be
I am trying to handle this. I have lots of tables in my database.I am working on a single table.
I embedded this in a procedure. When i am running this I am getting the below error.
can u please let me know what I have to do for this error.
DB2 SQL Error: SQLCODE=-1822, SQLSTATE=560BD, SQLERRMC=07001;SAMPLE;func="SQLExecute" msg=" CLI0100E Wrong number of paramet, DRIVER=4.17.30
Run of routine failed. | <urn:uuid:bd24f892-f093-4704-bf6e-af61b62c6293> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.dbforums.com/showthread.php?1704227-Alter-statement-on-a-NICKNAME-of-an-object | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00325-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.833596 | 311 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Muskegon is a place where we can learn a lot. One of the things we can learn about is a subject that not everyone is all excited about and some, are not even aware of. Muskegon has a long history with incarceration. There has been a generational effect on our population with people going to jail and the disruption that comes with that occurrence with the other parts of the family that might be forgotten when the gavel comes down. There's not really a thought here about shirking responsibility for actions, let's face it...if you're doing the crime, there's responsibility attached, but the collateral damage that can happen over a repeating cycle is something that's an on going, and ever increasing thought world wide.
If a parent goes to jail, it breaks up the family unit and quite often leads to a cycle that continues to spin out of control through more than one generation. On the ground here in Muskegon we've got groups like the Fresh Coast Alliance working to stop recidivism and address breaking that repeating pattern. Recidivism is the term used to define the cycle of going back to jail or prison over and over because the tools needed to make effective life change once released are not there. Be it that generational influence that's missing from parents incarcerated or people returning to their old stomping grounds and finding their ways back to what didn't work before. It's a big, big problem and an entire industry of private prisons has sparked up around it. Profit is made in some places by how many are locked up, for any circumstances. Getting out of that cycle is almost impossible for some.
Awareness is what is hoped will come as Cinergy3 is setting up to begin filming in Muskegon. They are Muskegon native women who met in film school. Ari Jacobs, Shelinda Knight Davenport and Alyiah Mitchell could be taking on things like making commercials for people or trying to be the next YouTube sensation. Instead, they are far more inspired to use their talents to share the stories of so many, right here in our community that have been directly effected by this cycle or repetitive incarceration. It's something that we can continue to bury our heads in the sand over, or it's something we can take a realistic look at and see if there are other answers that might help stop the cycle of the insane behavior of this kind of trauma breaking up so many families.
These three film makers have some incredible plans on how they are going to be telling this story here in Muskegon. It's not going to be a finger pointing portrayal I am told at all, but rather a way to show real people and the effects of a generation or two who have had elements missing as they have grown up. Take a listen.
It's a deep discussion. It's a problem on more than one level. It's also something that we have seen here locally for a while now and it's led to some of the issues we face today. Is it easy to talk about? No, it's not. It's it a way to make crime "permissible" absolutely not. It is a step toward a better understanding of what has worked and what has not and what the consequences have been from the 1000 foot view as opposed to the easy answer of "Lock 'em up" and being done with it. Stay tuned to learn more as filming progresses and then the premiere of "Road to Life" makes it's way here and then on to a world stage. Our thanks to the team at Cinergy3 for joining us today. | <urn:uuid:08a94549-33a3-43bf-b3a7-3aae3a1bc3e1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://muskegonchannel.com/muskegon-metro-area/1946-road-to-life-film-on-the-impact-of-incarceration-to-take-place-in-muskegon | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.97851 | 726 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Who is Web.com
Web.com market themselves as a one stop store where services can develop attractive internet sites that will provide an excellent first impression to their clients, and even keep them coming back again and again. They supply you with whatever you require to produce your very own customized internet site, or a totally free internet site structure solution for those who want everything provided for them.
Whichever option you pick, you’ll have accessibility to a complete suite of devices and attributes that will help ensure your site looks and functions exactly the method you desire it to. Web.com has been helping people and also organizations to build, host, promote and also manage their sites for many years, providing the experience to fulfill your every requirement.
Costs, Strategies, as well as Options
Lots of internet site home builders supply totally free options, yet several others do not. Among our Editors’ Choice choices, only Wix has a cost-free alternative. Web.com additionally does not have a complimentary alternative, so you need to pay for the service despite which tier you choose. The good news is, the rates are reasonable. Your very first month’s charge is greatly discounted, going as reduced as $1.95 each month, and also typical prices remain in line with what we have actually seen in other places.
The $10-per-month Starter plan gives you the site builder, plus more than 150 templates and thousands of supply images. For $15 each month, the marketing strategy submits your website right into company directories and internet search engine, such as Bing, Google, and also Yahoo. To open all the online shop alternatives, you need to subscribe to the $20-per-month Ecommerce plan. Every site building contractor plan offers you five e-mail addresses for your domain name with 2GB of storage space each. For more, take into consideration Web.com’s shared hosting plans outlined later on in this evaluation.
Those are the conventional strategies, yet Web.com uses various other add-ons functions, as well. Starting at $7.99 each month, the WordPress site building strategies let you incorporate Web.com devices with the popular material management system. Go with a much more costly strategy to obtain more storage, even more e-mail boxes, and also more WordPress sites to handle. Hire website design and also SEO specialists to construct your site for you.
To guard your website, Web.com provides spam defense by means of CatchGuard, in addition to email virus protection as well as removal. You can get a Secure Outlet Layer (SSL) certificate starting at $24 annually, which ought to be considered a crucial purchase if you intend to market products. Note, nonetheless, that Gator (HostGator’s site contractor) offers a free SSL certification with several of its strategies. For $50 per year, the Cyber Protection Remedy plan includes much more benefits, such as 24/7 support, gadget and identification tracking, as well as a mobile VPN client.
+ Sophisticated user interface
+ Easy to use
+ Wonderful customisability
+ Advanced inventory management capacities
– No totally free trial
– Bare bones blogging tools
Aid as well as Technical Support
If you require assistance making your website, you can obtain unlimited support from Web.com’s Internet site Coaches via live conversation or telephone.
How to Reach Web.com Tech Support
You can get technological support by calling them toll-free. You can likewise open a ticket through their customer portal (which is accessible using credentials sent out to you in the Welcome email you obtain when purchasing a service).
We were not able to identify from the info on Web.com’s site what their assistance hrs are, or what their assurances are with concerns to their consumers getting help.
No Live Chat for Tech Support
While you can reach client support by phone, there’s no live chat. Online some consumers report unfavorable experiences, consisting of delays in responding to queries and also slow-moving company email organizing.
Web.com keeps accounts on the complying with social media systems: Facebook, Google+, and Twitter. The company is most active on Facebook and twitter, so if you pick to connect to them, these would certainly be the platforms to use.
Web.com review verdict: Is Web.com the appropriate device for you?
The Web.com DIY site home builder is a great device for constructing a basic internet site with some interesting attributes, like the capability to toggle between desktop computer, mobile, and tablet computer view. I additionally valued that it utilized blocks instead of areas, as this offers the individual a lot more control over where content takes place their page.
This makes the Web.com site contractor suitable in a few scenarios:
You intend to produce a one-page portfolio or organization site
You’re developing a site for your ecommerce organization and also you do not want to use plugins
You’re creating a company website where the blog will just be made use of for service updates
The screening I did for this Web.com review made it clear that the system has its constraints, particularly in regards to blog arrangement. If your main priority is to produce a terrific blog, I recommend using something like the Bluehost website builder or producing a self-hosted WordPress website rather. | <urn:uuid:9dfc4375-582f-4a5e-b2ec-16366b442ee9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cafealpha.org/squarespace-add/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.945481 | 1,105 | 1.625 | 2 |
Nablus will celebrate its heritage with a festival showcasing traditional produce on Nov. 24.
The "Kanafeh and Soap" festival will take place in Nablus' historic Old City, which will be divided into areas representing trades the city is famous for.
Nablus Governor Jibrin al-Bakri said he hoped the event would embody and revive Palestinian heritage in the northern West Bank city, at a planning meeting on Wednesday.
The city's soap, made of olive oil, and Kanafeh - a traditional Palestinian desert made with soft cheese and syrup -- will be showcased, as well as different types of coffee and silverware.
The ancient city of Nablus has been an important commercial, cultural and economic center throughout the ages. | <urn:uuid:62357fea-f7d8-474c-ae25-a995e96cf616> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.arabtoday.net/culture-69/nablus-plans-kanafeh-and-soap-festival | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721595.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00477-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956643 | 158 | 1.921875 | 2 |
Intelligent headlight with a high IQ.
We often experience feelings of uncertainty when driving through thick fog or on dark nights. For some of us, the fear is even more pronounced, and they just leave their cars at home. The fear of colliding with an oncoming vehicle because a driver on the other side of the road is driving on full beam and dazzles them is too great. In a purely reflex action, the driver either screws up his eyes, or averts them from the road.
This brief moment of inattention can have disastrous consequences. It was time for someone to address this problem. With EDAG's support, the Audi engineers have succeeded in bringing light into the darkness – and in the process have given the headlight of the future a generous portion of intelligence.
LED Matrix Beam headlight for intelligent light
Demon eyes with a look that triggers every emotion from fascination to fearful trembling – the people who developed the Audi A8 designs got it completely right. Design, equipment, quality and innovation - everything comes together perfectly. The Audi impresses in every respect. The headlights shine. High-precision, bright, crystal clear. Everything ahead of you, around you and behind you is illuminated. The only thing is, you don't seem to notice this light beam yourself. Is this deliberate?
Yes, absolutely. The innovative development that has been installed in this Audi A8 is the LED Matrix Beam headlight. These are the first LED headlights to be put to use in a car. They provide optimum road illumination and glare-free full beam light. But how is this safety plus achieved? Why is oncoming traffic not dazzled? How is the headlight able to blank out certain objects? How does it know what to do?
What it boils down to is a small control unit, a camera and numerous individual light-emitting diodes. A signal is sent to the control unit when the camera detects oncoming traffic, for instance. The unit controls the various individual diodes in the headlight, switching them on or off, depending on the situation. Sometimes the brightness of the diodes is dimmed, which helps to prevent other road users from being dazzled. For the driver, the result is remarkable: it seems as though the headlights are on full beam all the time. The only difference is that objects that need to be protected from the glare are blanked out. And this works with amazing precision - the outline of any vehicle detected is "cut out" of the headlight beam area to within a centimetre.
Facing the challenges
Norbert Fürnrieder, team leader in EDAG's Complete Vehicle Electric/Electronic department in Ingolstadt, explains exactly why this is so brilliant. More than anything else, he is keen to see his pioneering work change things, set new standards, and show what you can do if you really want to. For seven years now, he has been working on the subject of "car lights". He has set himself the task of improving the driver's visual range without compromising the safety of other road users. No easy task, as it is not always possible to unite these two disciplines just like that. Norbert Fürnrieder is one of those enthusiastic engineers who like nothing more than feverishly searching for solutions. Taxing his brain. Looking for unusual ways and means. Especially where others have already run out of ideas. For him, development means creating ideas in his head, letting them grow and mature, and then using them to work out concepts that are at least as brilliant as the LED Matrix Beam headlight.
"We always come up with a solution, no matter how long it takes us to mull a problem over. Nothing deters us not even if, to begin with, it looks as though it will be impossible to find a solution. We do something that others don't do: we give an issue our full attention. We don't dismiss a task just because it seems tricky. No, we roll up our sleeves and try to work out a suitable solution as quickly as possible – and this is our great strength. This is what sets us apart!" is his enthusiastic conviction.
From the light bulb to laser light – it all began with Thomas Edison
Let's take a journey back in time. Inventors in the past did not have an easy time. Research was a difficult undertaking and if they did have a breakthrough, they were often hampered by a lack of funds. Thomas Edison brought light into the darkness when he invented the light bulb. It was inevitable that this invention should also be put to use in the automobile industry. Even so, the first light source in vehicles were candles, oil lamps and acetylene burners. The first electric headlights appeared in 1906, and halogen lamps made their advent in the mid 1960s. In 1991, the xenon headlight was invented. Due to the compulsory assistance systems such as automatic headlight range control, however, xenon technology is both complex and expensive. And yet it was this invention that sparked the research and development into automotive light technology. Better and more efficient concepts were worked out and realised. And now the LED has taken the place of the xenon lamp. A further contemporary variant is the organic LED (OLED). These are flatter and slimmer than standard LEDs. Unlike LEDs, it is the surfaces themselves that are illuminated with the OLED technology. This gives the designer even greater freedom.
The latest revolution. Only good if it can also be put to practical use.
As we know, there is a world of difference between theory and practice. Not only in the automotive sector. To prove that practice delivers what theory promises and that the LED Matrix Beam lives up to the claims of the developers, there was no alternative than to fit it into a test vehicle. And so the EDAG team set about integrating the invention in the "casing", the headlight. Norbert Fürnrieder's team were responsible for the development of the boards, the control modules, but also for the definition der LEDs themselves. The power modules, too, were integrated in the vehicle and cooled. They also had a hand in the software development. In this way, the customer's product specifications developed step by step into a full, serial solution-standard integration.
The final test was a complete success: the light frequency changes, adjustment of the individual LEDs, dimming – none of which the driver even noticed. The point was not to allow the "work" of the headlight to distract the driver. He enjoys a perfectly illuminated road situation and can concentrate fully on his driving. Mission accomplished!
Next stop: laser and Car2X
Everyone is delighted. And some of us will marvel at this technology for quite some time to come. However, the system has not yet been fully perfected, it still has its difficulties. For example, the car has to be able to detect its surroundings and other road users by means of a camera. But what happens if one of the headlights of an oncoming car is defective? Will the car then be "recognised" as a motorcycle instead? Will it then not mask out the light distribution around the car properly? There is already a potential solution to this problem, but it is still in its infancy: Car2X.
To this end, the EDAG team have already set up a further test vehicle which, instead of LEDs, features state-of-the-art laser technology. An alternative to the LED method, but still extremely high-priced. The Car2X will no longer need to rely on a camera for communication, as it will be replaced by the direct communication of the vehicle with its surroundings. Objects on the road will "speak" to one another. One example of this might be reducing the force of headlight beam at a traffic light, when the driver is waiting for it to turn green. Or the rear lights could be dimmed so that the driver of the car behind is not disturbed by unnecessarily bright lights.
The advantages of laser light and Car2X are obvious: they save energy and allow the headlights to be adjusted more effectively. As with so many aspects of automobile technology, this variant is still a long way off. Whether the LED variant will prevail, or the OLED will have its breakthrough remains to be seen. There are, however, some things that are certain: EDAG will continue to be involved in the latest developments. And Norbert Fürnrieder will continue to roll up his sleeves and apply himself to devising practicable future light solutions.
The next exhibition:
22nd-23rd, November 2016
Stand No. 3 | <urn:uuid:5dc0dd26-2d7b-4d89-ac09-7055876c9709> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.edag.de/en/edag/stories/intelligent-light-matrix-led-headlight.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720000.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00025-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965906 | 1,768 | 1.773438 | 2 |
National Stimulus Packages – Steps toward Recovery or Pathways to Progress?
On 5 May 2009, an Ecologic International Riverside Chat brought Michael Kohlhaas and Nils Meyer-Ohlendorf together to discuss the opportunities of the current economic crisis for creating a more sustainable economy. Michael Kohlhaas is a Research Associate at the Department of Energy, Transportation and Environment at the German Institute for Economic Research and Dr. Nils Meyer-Ohlendorf is a Senior Fellow and Coordinator of International Governance at Ecologic Institute, Berlin.
Michael Kohlhaas started his initial remarks with a set of fundamental questions regarding the nature and the principal purpose of stimulus programmes on the one hand and green investment on the other hand. He pointed out that although the idea of a “green new deal” is clearly appealing, long lead times of green investment and the limited production capacity of sustainable goods and services can ran counter the purpose of stimulus programmes. That is because the stimulus packages mainly aim at ramping up demand for existing production capacity as fast as possible. Michael Kohlhaas therefore called for a cautious approach that mainly focuses on identifying available capacity for green investment in order to avoid public money being used to merely push up prices for sustainable goods. He also called for best practice exchange on “wise spending” between different government agencies at both the national and the regional level.
The second speaker of the evening, Nils Meyer-Ohlendorf, stressed the importance of structural changes often neglected in the current discussion on green stimulus spending. First, he illustrated how difficult it is to actually determine the green component of any stimulus package, mainly because a certain share of the spending is often handed down to regional or local governments. Secondly, he argued that many economic and environmental problems are a result of economic structure which stimulus packages do not attempt to alter. As an example he cited the housing bubble that created both financial turmoil and environmental problems by increasing urban sprawl. In his closing remarks, Nils Meyer-Ohlendorf concluded that although stimulus packages provide a huge opportunity for kick-starting the low-carbon economy, they will need to be accompanied by comprehensive structural reform, including a new regulatory framework for financial markets, and green tax reform to change the incentive structure for energy use.
In the subsequent discussion, Martin Rosenberg, Editor-in-Chief of EnergyBiz Magazine, commented on the speakers’ opening remarks from an US perspective. Stressing people’s exceptional confidence in President Obama, he expressed his optimism that with its new style of governance, the new Administration could achieve a short-term stimulus and long-term change at the same time. Other participants contributed insights on their countries’ energy policy. Common issues emerged, such as the importance of the private sector in implementing low-carbon investments and the difficulty of coordinating action from different levels of government.
The Riverside Chat was held as part of a thematic visitors programme entitled “Climate Protection – International Cooperation on Climate and Energy”, sponsored by the German Federal Foreign Office. As part of the program, international journalists and decision makers from Chile, China and Hongkong, Latvia, India, the Philippines, the United States and Vietnam were invited by the German government to partake in a week-long exploration of the German and international dimensions of climate and energy policies. | <urn:uuid:1c09ac0e-f40b-4044-a1bb-27b8675f2f21> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://ecologic.eu/2840 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284411.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00465-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.937445 | 679 | 1.75 | 2 |
Around the second weekend in June, a parade of perky little cars on trailers sputters along bucolic Line 11 North, just outside of Barrie, Ontario. They’re headed to MicroCar North, an annual event hosted by Ralph and Wendy Hough on their lush green homestead.
Soon, the lawn is covered with the bright little cars in lively shades of blue, red, yellow, green, and orange. Like sparkling baubles on diminutive wheels, they’re oddly evocative of another time, right after the Second World War, when gas was scarce – but imagination and hope were rampant. With engines of 500 cc and under, and a curb weight less than 1,000 pounds, it seems impossible that grown adults could use these for legitimate transportation.
But in post-war Europe, microcars came to the salvation of a population struggling to get back on the road. It’s how you got to work, got your groceries and toured around town.
Nowadays, microcars – and minicars – are popular with car nerds that favour rarefied design over horsepower. They’re not so much a hobby as they are an addiction. And it requires a partnership to keep the little lovelies in pristine condition.
Wendy Hough knows all about it. She’s been co-hosting MicroCar North since 1992 with her retired policeman husband, Ralph, proud co-owner of a stable of Messerschmitts, Isettas, and other vehicular wonders. Every year, she opens up her beautifully turned out home to visitors from all over North America, and the talk flows easily from plant cuttings to microcar specs, over to her purse – which features a hand-pained Schmitt, with wallet to match. Wendy fondly remembers schlepping around England in a Schmitt back in the early 1960s, and she still harbours a soft spot for the elliptical cuties.
Nan Meyers from Ohio is partial to the 1984 Dominos Pizza Tritan A-2 delivery car she owns with her husband. “There were only 10 built as delivery vehicles,” she says. “There was an oven in the back seat to keep the pizzas warm, but they still got 80 miles per gallon. Its unique shape boasts one of the lowest drag co-efficients in the industry – and there are only eight in existence today.”
At around noon, a flotilla of amphicars comes rolling in, decked out with fishing nets, beach umbrellas and periscopes. Sheila de la Porte, who has also come from Ohio, says her turquoise 1962 Amphicar originally came from Michigan, and she loves taking it into the water. “You have to be in a dead stop to take it into the water,” she explains. “Then you start the propellers and gently drive it into the water. You put the car in neutral and steer with the steering wheel. It’s a remarkably fun thing to do.” The Amphicars have a rear engine, standard marine lights and bilge pump.
Marybeth Abramson from Niagara Falls, New York, has made a fleet of microcar cookies out of Snickers bars, teddy grahams and Smarties that are simply delicious. Outside, she talks about the 1957 Isetta she and her husband bought from Germany. “It was such a nuisance to register it with the DOT,” Marybeth recalls. “The serial number was too short, the weight was too light, and they didn’t have a classification for a one-door vehicle.” Her husband originally wanted a “wow” car like Mustang, but fell in love with the Isetta, which gets its share of attention.
Perhaps that’s why the microcar crowd differs from other car clubs. It’s not horsepower that makes their cars special, rather, it’s an attitude. Because a car should move you on a physical plane and an emotional plane, as well.
Charlene Hough, Ralph and Wendy’s daughter-in-law, steps inside a 1959 Isetta to get out of the sun. “They just make you smile,” she says, and flashes a grin to prove her point. | <urn:uuid:17fb2a58-efb1-493e-8f3c-e3c2601a6c19> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.drivelikeagirl.ca/meet-the-women-of-microcar-north-2013/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00540-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968093 | 904 | 1.523438 | 2 |
The initial title for this article was "Why the Apache model sucks". It would have been a catchier title but would taint my arguments with triviality. But it was the first title that came to my mind and you should be aware of that.
I have written about Apache in the past past and the present post is a rehash with a slightly different emphasis. Before laying further criticism at the altar of the "Apache Way", it must be mentioned that Apache is one of the most open and transparent organizations I know of. Transparency comes at a price. If one is allowed or even encouraged to voice criticism, the voices of the critics may drown the successes of the organization so that the state of affairs may seem bleaker than it is really is.
On the other hand, an organization can be wildly successful even if some of its governing rules prove to be counter-productive on the long run. As a very extreme example, in the Ottoman-empire, one of the most successful and relatively recent empires in history, whenever a new sultan acceded to power he would proceed to kill all his brothers. Not only fratricide was authorized, in the absence of clear succession rules other than the survival of the fittest, the people actually expected the new ruler to kill all his brothers so that the strongest ruler could emerge. The rulers who chose to spare the lives of their brethren were accused of not getting the Ottoman-way. Suleiman the Magnificent went as far as killing his own son Mustafa after bogusly charging him of treason.
One of the the core tenets of Apache is meritocracy. If Apache is a meritocracy, it is a lousy one and this has consequences. If some developer, say David, shows interest in some Apache project, say Prokayotae, and contributes by submitting patches, or by responding to users on the mailing list for a period of time, usually three months or more, then he will be awarded committership. As Prokayotae committer, David can veto decisions of the project – yes, that is veto with a 'v'. After a few years of good behavior, David could even be co-opted to become a member of the Apache Software Foundation. Being a member is a nice honorary title but does not carry further entitlements at the project level. As a member David can indeed vote for the Apache Board during elections but that is mostly inconsequential at the project level.
Coming back to Prokayotae, the newly elected committer David wields the same voting power as Carol, who has been actively contributing to Prokayotae over several years. In most cases David will be a reasonable individual who play nice and will naturally defer to Carol's and other committers' opinions by virtue of common decency and their past involvement in Prokayotae. However, while most new developers are reasonable individuals and make every effort to play nice, some people are less reasonable. Even a modestly successful project will have over a dozen committers elected over its lifetime. Thus, the probability of electing an "unreasonable" individual increases over time, and I'd venture to say, approaches certainty.
Let Ursula be such an unreasonable person elected as a Prokayotae committer. Ursula maybe otherwise a nice person overall and a valuable member of the community she lives in. But, as a fervent believer in Thor, one night Ursula has a dream where Thor ordains her to oppose the pernicious influence of Carol over the Prokayotae project. Of course, the motivations for Ursula's opposition to Carol may have origins other than Thor appearing to her in a dream. The potential reasons are innumerable. It may be as simple as a design principle lambda that Ursula reveres but which Carol reveres less.
Invested with this new mission in life, Ursula begins to challenge Carol by vetoing her commits or merely intimating that she will veto them based on the lofty lambda design principle. Were Ursula's objections patently silly, she will be revealed as a fool. For example, invoking Thor's appearing in her dreams as a justification for her opposition will expose her to ridicule. However, any reason which is based on some apparently reasonable pretext, often adherence to a lofty principle, provides sufficient cover for long-term disruption. Every developer knows that the IT industry can claim more than its fair share of high and often contradictory principles. Ursula will make convoluted arguments, misrepresent facts and argue endlessly. Given that each new commit takes ages in endless arguments, further development in Prokayotae will be severely disrupted and may even cease.
Carol who has invested heavily in Prokayotae and got along well with the other developers may be shocked and ill-prepared to deal with Ursula's disruptive interventions. Carol may be further shocked to see other committers sitting on the fence with respect to Ursala's arguments cloaked under an important design principle such as lambda. At this stage, Carol must tread with utmost care because she formally has the same voting rights as any other committer, including Ursula. If Carol dares to claim that her arguments should carry more weight in light of the volume of her past contributions, she will immediately lose her credibility.
The Apache culture aggressively enforces its egalitarian model. Carol, even if she effectively led the project for several years, is not allowed the title of project leader or project manager. Author tags in source code are also frowned upon with the Apache board having formulated a statement discouraging their use. Hints at unequal merit are met with condescension and/or alarm.
As a result, if Carol tries to explain the injustices of the Apache way she will be branded as clueless and subsequently ignored. Being ignored is Apache's equivalent to being ostracized in the pre-Internet age.
As most people who face injustice and have a choice, Carol will leave Prokayotae as I have left log4j to start the SLF4J and logback projects. Leaving log4j was one of the most traumatic experiences of my life. Trustin Lee, of Netty and Mina fame, had an analogous experience. He apparently could not bear to see his work being vetoed over a triviality.
Those favoring the current voting system, while recognizing its lopsidedness, argue that letting everyone having an equal voice fosters communication between developers. Admittedly, the current set up is conducive to collaboration as progress can only be achieved after reaching consensus. As a corollary to this line of reasoning, letting all arguments be heard and all objections raised at every step of the development process must surely lead to best possible software.
Unfortunately, in the absence of a fair conflict resolution mechanism, having lots of ideas floating around emanating from different people does not lead to the emergence of the best software design insofar as it promotes bickering and political paralysis. In such a system where development can be easily disrupted, it is not the best ideas that win but the ideas advocated by those possessing the most stamina.
Instead of trying to learn from past failures which open discussion is supposed to encourage, Apache forges on in the path of egalitarianism. As time passes, I see attempts at institutionalizing egalitarianism instead of recognizing its inherent injustice. For the sake of a bogus ideal, the Apache-way expects selflessness on the part of the developer in the same way that the catholic church expects celibacy from its priests. If egalitarianism is really at the core of the Apache way as an absolute value, then the Apache way sucks. Yay!
While the one person one vote principle applies to a democracy in order to run a country for the benefit of all, the one committer one veto principle is ill-suited in a purported meritocracy such as Apache. If it must be "one committer one veto", then the word meritocracy cannot be honestly ascribed to Apache. It it would be most appropriate for the ASF to stop misrepresenting itself as a meritocracy, at least not without clearly defining the meaning of merit.
The Apache culture fails to recognize that project participants may have drastically different investments in a project. Allowing a person with near-zero involvement in a project to hold the same weight as a person with 10'000 hours of investment is to date an essential part of the Apache-way. According to the prevailing Apache culture, if you don't completely agree with this premise, body and soul, then you just don't get it.
I hope that this blog entry will incite OSS organizations, including the ASF, to adopt fairer decision making procedures. If that does not happen, before joining such an organization, developers should at least be aware of the inconveniences associated with lack of fair and orderly decision making mechanisms at the project level. If knowing these inconveniences, a developer decides to join anyway, then it will be the result of an informed decision. | <urn:uuid:87529e0a-b5dc-4b57-b647-9e11f2fd8388> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://ceki.blogspot.com/2010/05/forces-and-vulnerabilites-of-apache.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.958912 | 1,815 | 1.546875 | 2 |
The Visual DataFlex ElfProef API allows users to perform ElfProef tests. This is a CRC (cyclic redundancy check) technique used as a test in Dutch electronic payments to determine if a bank account number is valid. It does so by adding the given number's digits and dividing by 11. Valid numbers will return an integer. This API can be accessed via SOAP calls using the XML data format. | <urn:uuid:2336439f-ac24-485c-85a3-d6d6ee788e4a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.programmableweb.com/api/visual-dataflex-elfproef/comments | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00338-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.76699 | 84 | 1.664063 | 2 |
U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry held brief talks with Egypt’s President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi in Cairo on Wednesday, a day after the Egyptian leader proposed new efforts to try to end the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
Kerry had already been scheduled to meet with Sisi to discuss a series of meetings on the Libya and Syria conflicts that took place earlier this week in Vienna.
A U.S. official said Kerry would explore in more detail Sisi’s proposal, made on Tuesday during a speech, to mediate a reconciliation between rival Palestinian factions to pave the way toward a lasting peace accord with the Israelis.
In a statement after the meeting, State Department spokesman Mark Toner said they had discussed a “range of bilateral and regional issues, including recent developments on Libya and Syria.”
During the meeting, Kerry “stressed the importance of Egypt’s role as a regional partner,” Toner said.
Egypt was the first of a handful of Arab countries to recognize Israel with a U.S.-sponsored peace accord in 1979, but Egyptian attitudes toward their neighbor remain chilly.
Sisi’s proposal, made during an impromptu speech at an economic conference, came as France pushes for an international conference to launch peace talks between the Palestinians and Israelis.
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu told France’s foreign minister on Sunday that his country remained opposed to Paris’ initiative, which was born of French frustration over the absence of movement toward a two-state solution since U.S.-brokered talks collapsed in 2014.
Kerry spoke by phone with Netanyahu on Tuesday and with Palestinian leader Mahmoud Abbas earlier in the week, the U.S. official said, without elaborating.
During the meetings in Vienna on Monday and Tuesday, world powers said they were ready to consider demands from Libya’s new unity government for exemptions from a U.N. arms embargo to help take control of the lawless country.
The West is counting on the U.N.-backed unity government to tackle the Islamic State group in Libya and to stop new flows of migrants heading across the Mediterranean, though the newly instated leaders are still not in control of the capital city, Tripoli. | <urn:uuid:66444ffd-95ce-4d57-913a-6b2854e99c98> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.ibtimes.com/kerry-egypts-sisi-discuss-mideast-peace-libya-conflict-2370891 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718866.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00003-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966194 | 460 | 1.804688 | 2 |
Though Facebook users disclose pretty much any personal information an advertiser could ever want, the company can’t profit from it, according to CNN.
A couple of NYU professors are proposing a new strategy to pay users for the right to sell their information to advertisers.
While the idea seems a little absurd, it could help Facebook become the world’s leading market research company. Advertisers would have targeted access to clients who are actually interested in their products, and users would get paid to see advertisements they would want to buy.
"This way, Facebook's intent becomes clear," Vasant Dhar, a professor at NYU's Stern School of Business, told CNN. "If users aren't making a conscious choice about what happens with their data, they end up feeling violated."
The concept of buying user data is an old concept that hasn’t happened before because consumers are so willing to change companies. Facebook users see few to no alternatives to the social networking site.
"Facebook's current ad model is at odds with its mission," Arun Sundararajan, another professor at NYU's Stern School of Business, told CNN. "People are unhappy about it."
Sundarajan feels that the majority of Facebook advertisements aren’t effective.
Giving users control over their data with an incentive to do so would not only generate revenue but it would build more trust among its users, according to CNN.
EMAIL: email@example.com TWITTER: @SeanRParker
Copyright 2017, Deseret News Publishing Company | <urn:uuid:4c15791d-1988-4ec6-b972-42c4a0f97b7b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.deseretnews.com/article/print/865564762/Why-Facebook-should-pay-its-users-for-their-information.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283008.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00083-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96261 | 321 | 1.96875 | 2 |
Every company, regardless of its area of operation, must have principles that transparently express its conduct towards all society in general. Therefore, this Code of Conduct contemplates the commitment of the company in terms of ethics.
These are principles that in our opinion support the growth of the company and all the actions of its employees and partners with transparency in their activity and in their businesses.
Code of Ethical Conduct
It develops its activity guided by ethical principles that contribute to the solidity and credibility of its image and reputation.
2. Code of Ethical Conduct
We value teamwork, with great respect for each other, with integrity and diversity.
Relations with third parties
Professionalism, honesty and permanent search for improvement will be the basis for working with our customers, partners, suppliers and employees.
“Compliance” means to comply with, execute, satisfy and comply with all laws and regulations applicable to our activity as well as compliance with our code of ethics.
We do not accept the abuse of power of persons or institutions to gain advantages for themselves. The most common form of corruption is bribery.
We will treat in the same way all the parts that in day-to-day relate to our company; whether they are suppliers, clients, partners, employees
For the purposes of this Code, it means money, gifts, travel, job offers, meals and others. It also includes sponsorship of events, scholarships, research support and contributions to the public or social good.
Prisma including suppliers and partners, are obliged to comply with all legislation related to Anti-Corruption and with all existing legislation
Gifts & Offers
This is any good of value that is given or received due to a business relationship and for which the receiver does not have to pay the fair market value.
They are all third parties that represent you as consultants, service providers, business partners, suppliers, etc.
It consists in the act of giving or receiving money, gift or other advantage as a form of inducement to the practice of any dishonest, illegal act or breach of confidence in the practice of its functions.
Set of rules and precepts applied in daily life and used continuously by each citizen. These rules guide each individual, guiding their actions and judgments about what is moral or immoral, right or wrong, good or bad.
Way of the individual to conduct himself, to behave; procedure, behavior.
In line with compliance with legal requirements and in accordance with the principles of “good conduct” prescribed in this Code, it will not tolerate the practice or involvement in the practice of corporate fraud or any other fraud or any other unlawful act on the part of its employees, reserving the right to investigate the facts and apply the applicable administrative sanctions, besides the civil and criminal responsibility.
Communications relating to fraud or any other form of fraud, wrongdoing or improper conduct, done anonymously or otherwise, will be treated in a confidential manner, in order to protect the author of the communication and the quality of the investigations.
The purpose of the Code of Ethical Conduct
Prisma recognizes the obligation to facilitate ethical interactions with its clients and healthcare professionals in order to ensure that all medical decisions are based on the best interests of the partner, client and society in general.
To ensure that relationships among employees, legal entities, clients and health professionals reach the highest ethical standards, all interactions should be conducted in accordance with the following principles:
• Integrity: act with honesty, truthfulness and just with all parties;
• Independence: interactions between professionals and legal entities should not be used to unduly influence government, medical, health care, customer decisions, or divert what is best for the client in order to gain undue advantages or improper;
• Fair pricing practice: agreements with professionals and others must be in accordance with the practice of fair trading conditions and free from corrupt purposes;
• Development: maximize relationships with professionals / government / universities, etc. in order to boost technology, innovation and care and improve the quality of life of clients and patients;
• Transparency: all interactions between Prisma, their clients and other professionals and / or government institutions should have a clear scope, always in accordance with law enforcement, regulations, or professional codes of conduct.
All the decisions of the various parties must be taken independently by the professionals.
These principles complement and are subject to the laws of each country, state or region in which you conduct your business. It is therefore the responsibility of knowing and complying with these local laws.
Compliance with the Code of Ethical Conduct
Compliance with the Code of Ethical Conduct is required by all employees and partners.
The employees are required to read and sign a Statement of Receipt and Knowledge of the Code of Ethical Conduct. This term must be re-submitted every year (January of each year).
Employees must provide information on all violations of the Code of Ethical Conduct through the channel of complaints by the following address: Prisma, a/c Administration – “subject”, firstname.lastname@example.org); or by marking a meeting with the administration. The cases will be handled by the administration which will guarantee the anonymity of the complainant.
The following behaviors are expected from the employees of:
• The employee is prohibited from forming a company in the same or similar field of activity and / or participating in a related legal entity;
• Employees are prohibited from signing documents on behalf of the company that are not part of their activities and that are not authorized to sign. Only duly authorized legal representatives of the company have the legal power to do so;
• Do not make statements to the press about it without prior authorization;
• Do not participate in personal business using the name of the company;
• Do not use the facilities and other assets of the company for personal purposes;
• Do not obtain advantages and / or discounts due to the employment relationship;
• Not accepting favors, gifts and / or benefits from others;
• Look after the institutional image;
• Use the telephone for business purposes only;
• Have moderation when talking on the cell phone;
• Receive visits only related to the company’s business;
• Do not send or receive personal mail at business addresses;
• Use e-mails and internet for professional purposes related to the company’s activities;
• Do not provide personal email or mobile to the customer.
Relationship with employees
Having a good and harmonious relationship with employees is the fundamental pillar for the success of Prisma.
Prisma works to provide adequate working conditions and professional development and understands that human relations must be guided by mutual respect, ethics, teamwork and trust, and thus expects its employees to share and defend these values, guided by same principles.
It is not allowed to hire family members in the company within the same area or with a subordinate relationship, regardless of the positions or departments (except with the admission agreement).
Conflict of interests collaborators
The external activities and duties of employees should be perfectly harmonized in order to avoid conflicts of interest between the parties.
All employees are required to make decisions that are in the best interest of the company and not based on their own interests. Always inform the management in advance about any personal interest that may arise in the performance of your professional duties.
Employees may not use, for contracts or personal orders, companies with which they have commercial relations in the scope of their activities on behalf of Prisma. This rule applies in particular if the employee exercises or has the capacity to exercise a direct or indirect influence on the conclusion of contracts.
Participations in third parties
Employees who hold (or intend to acquire) directly or indirectly a participation in a competitor, client or supplier of Prisma, will also have to report this fact to the Human Resources area. Once communicated, the company will take appropriate measures to eliminate any conflicts of interest.
Prisma property handling
Prisma has devices and equipment such as machinery, equipment, telephones, copiers, computers, software, internet / intranet and other tools. These devices should be used only within the scope of the activity and not for personal gain. It is the responsibility of the employee to ensure the proper use and conservation of the company’s assets if allocated.
It is forbidden to send messages that are personal and contrary to laws, ethics and morality, that jeopardize the company, its employees or customers, as well as the prohibition of access and sharing of pornographic, racist, discriminatory, traffic-sympathizing content of drugs, violence and crime, of a political-partisan-social-religious nature, among others, that can cause discomfort, discord and / or suffering to any person inside and outside the company.
The dissemination or circulation of messages or materials that incite discrimination or violence of any nature, political, partisan or sexually offensive.
Prisma reserves the right to monitor the use of all electronic means of communication and data transmission that it makes available to employees, to avoid abuses and protect the interests of the company.
All files and information related to the professional activity created, received or stored in electronic systems are property of the company and constitute as intellectual, commercial and legal assets.
This files should be kept at the level of confidentiality of information:
• Suppliers, purchases and conditions;
• Customer and supplier information;
• Sales volume, margin or numbers of any nature;
• Strategies and plans related to business expansion;
• Wages, gratuities or any form of remuneration;
• Softwares, documents and management reports;
• Culture and operational technology;
• Contracts or strategic plans;
• Developments in judicial cases;
• Technical or product developments.
The disclosure or appropriation of privileged information is not authorized. This applies to information disclosed inside and outside the company, including journalists, financial analysts, doctors, consultants, family members, clients, friends, among others.
Conduct outside Prisma
Employees must be careful about their conduct in public environments, whether in their professional activity or in their private life, acting with prudence and zeal and not exposing their own career to risk. The conduct of the employee in work situations must be compatible with the values of the company, thus contributing to the recognition of the company ‘s good corporate image. The employee is expected to be consistent with the conduct described in this Code of Ethical Conduct.
Moral or sexual harassment
Harassment is characterized when someone in a privileged position uses that advantage to humiliate, disrespect, and / or embarrass. Bullying occurs when someone is exposed to situations of humiliation. Sexual harassment aims to gain advantage and / or sexual favor.
Prisma does not admit of harassment, such as sexual, economic, moral or any other type of situations, or situations that constitute disrespect, intimidation or threat in the relationship between employees, regardless of their hierarchical level. Employees who consider themselves to be discriminated against, humiliated or prejudiced, pressured, abusive or disrespectful, may address the matter with the administration.
Discrimination in the workplace
Prisma values diversity and different cultures in working relationships. Therefore, everyone should be treated respectfully, cordially and justly, regardless of the position or function they occupy.
Prisma seeks an environment with respect for dignity, diversity and human rights and adopts practices that actively contribute to the prevention, combat and eradication of degrading forms of work (child, forced and slave) as well as discrimination, harassment, disrespect , exploitation and prejudice of any nature, whether of race, religion, age group, sex, political belief, nationality, marital status, sexual orientation, physical condition or any other.
Exploration of adult or child labor
Prisma does not allow or condone hirings or associations that have any link with exploitation of adult or child labor and does not admit in any way the exploitation of adult and child labor and reserves the right not to maintain relationships of any kind with customers and suppliers to adopt this practice.
Use of alcohol, drugs, possession of arms and commercialization of goods
Every employee should take care of his image. Thus, the use of alcohol, drugs, the possession of arms and the commercialization of goods of personal interest during working hours is prohibited.
The ingestion of alcoholic beverages during working hours is prohibited, as well as the exercise of the professional function in a state of intoxication. Also prohibited are the use and possession of drugs and permanence in the work environment in an altered state by the use of these substances, which can affect the safety and performance of both the employee and his co-workers.
Resources, spaces and image of the Prisma can not be used to suit personal political or partisan interests.
It is prohibited for the employee to make, on behalf of Prisma, any contribution in value, goods or services for campaigns or political causes.
Prisma respects the individual right of the employee to engage in civic affairs and participate in the political process. However, such participation must occur in your free time and at your own expense.
Relationship with Suppliers
Prisma appreciate that the relationship with suppliers and resellers is conducted in honest, fair and equitable terms, seeking constant partnership and cooperation between the parties.
The selection and contracting of suppliers must be subject to transparent and unequivocal competition, privileging the technical competence, legal compliance, unqualified reputation and ethical behavior of the supplier, aiming at the best possible return in terms of cost and quality for Prisma.
Therefore, it does not allow its employees any practice of requesting or requiring from any supplier or potential supplier any gift, payment, donation, gratuity, leisure option, sponsorship or proposal of any other advantage or benefit.
In case the supplier makes the delivery of gifts, the following procedures must be adopted:
• Promotional items may be accepted, such as a pen with a logo, a book about the supplier’s history or similar, as long as the value of the gift does not exceed 10 euros.
• Other items that do not meet the criteria above can not be accepted by Prisma and its employees;
• If a supplier invites employees to participate in workshops and / or technical training free of charge, before accepting the invitation, the employee should make the event known to the company, informing its management in writing.
Prisma’s relationship with customers
The company guides the relationship with its clients in values and ethical principles based on honesty, loyalty and justice, providing all the necessary information with respect to the clients.
Prisma, based on the practices of good conduct prescribed in this Code of Ethical Conduct, seeks the constant improvement of its processes and products, using the most modern practices to reach levels of excellence in service and customer requirements and expectations should always be considered and all agreed upon must be strictly adhered to.
Prisma does not discriminate customers by origin, economic size or location. However, it reserves the right to terminate any business relationship whenever its interests are not being met, or when the relationship represents legal, social or environmental risk.
The information about the products offered by it must always be clear, truthful and objective.
It is prohibited to make improper payments to anyone with the purpose of facilitating the rendering of services, even at the cost of losing business opportunities.
Prisma understands that it is your responsibility to maintain the confidentiality of confidential information to us passed on by our clients.
Prisma may provide gifts to its commercial partners, whether for clients, suppliers or third parties.
The distribution of gifts must comply with the guidelines set forth in the Anti-Corruption Policy and the following items:
• Must match the educational event and / or training on a product;
• Must be related to the work of the health professional, for the benefit of patients / clients and for the relationship with customers and partners in the commercial area.
Relationship with Distributors
Prisma must adopt a Compliance program in third party management, applicable to all relevant personnel. Taking into account a variety of risk-based factors, as well as all applicable laws, such a program should include the following elements:
• Written Policy / Procedure: Adopt a Compliance Policy banning all forms of bribery by any person or entity acting on behalf of Prisma, including Third Parties;
• Risk Assessment: assessing the risk profile for proposed agreements and use of Third Parties, including, for example, the evaluation of:
– Risk in the country / geographical area, through information such as, but not limited to Transparency International, “Corruption Index”, specific risk profiles of planned or used Third Parties;
– Information on legal requirements of the local market;
– Third party information on unusual arrangements (excessively high commissions, a high degree of interactions with government officials, marketing budgets, offshore payment accounts, etc.);
– Information available from public sources or employees about problems at potential customers by Third Parties. Risk assessment may contribute to the application of other elements of this section.
• Diligence Program: establish a pre-engagement and renewal due diligence program to identify, prevent and mitigate market-related risks in which the Third Party contracted to operate, as well as any specific activity that the Third Party will perform through Prisma.
• Written Contract (must include all appropriate controls and implementation of an anti-corruption policy), such as:
– Compliance with applicable laws, principles and policies of Prisma;
– The right to conduct independent audits including access to relevant books and records where possible;
– Right to early termination when there are failures to comply with applicable laws or policies of Prisma;
– Due diligence rights at the time of renewal.
• Audit: consider conducting routine risk-based monitoring and audits and other evaluations of relationships with Third Parties on compliance with applicable laws, Code of Ethical Conduct policies, as well as relevant terms of contract and periodic certification of training and education.
• Appropriate Corrective Action: to reserve and take necessary and appropriate remedial action consistent with applicable local laws if a Third Party fails to comply with applicable laws, policies, Code or relevant terms of the contract or engages in any other non-permitted conduct.
Relationship with Government
Prisma does not carry out political-party activities and does not financially support parties and / or candidates in any way. Neither does it favor, either in cash or otherwise, a government official, in order to gain any advantage for him or his collaborators.
The provision of information to all spheres of public bodies must always be formalized in writing and with the proper approval of the administration of Prisma.
In cases of supervision promoted by public bodies, the employee must inform the admission before any referral. If a “search warrant” is filed, the employee must cooperate, however, by contacting the administration immediately.
The sending of information must be complete, accurate and sufficient to clarify the issue, in order to comply strictly with the applicable standards. The employee must analyze whether the information provided is “confidential” and that adequate measures have been taken to protect its confidentiality.
Prisma prohibits the making of payments by way of gratification, or offering of any benefit, to public officials to obtain any illicit advantage for the employee and his collaborators.
The employee of Prisma should not use the company name personal matters of any nature in their relationship with the government.
The employee must follow the Anti-Corruption Policy of Prisma.
It is of the utmost importance that the accounting records are accurate, complete and true.
It is the obligation of Prisma to keep books, records and accounts reflecting, in a detailed, accurate and correct, all the transactions of the organization. In order to combat corruption, it is important that transactions are transparent, fully documented and codified for accounts that accurately reflect their nature. Trying to camouflage a payment can create an even worse breach than the payoff itself.
It is critical to ensure that all transactions and transactions are fully documented, correctly approved and coded for the correct expense description. In no case, false or misleading documents must be included in Prisma’s books and records. The accounting must comply with the applicable legal and tax rules.
All Payments and Receipts carried out in a manner must be subject to registration.
Products for evaluation and demonstration
Prisma may make reasonable quantities of products available to the area professionals, free of charge, for evaluation and demonstration purposes.
These products may be provided free of charge to enable professionals to evaluate their proper use and to determine if and when to use, order, purchase or recommend the product in the future. Company products provided for evaluation should typically be used to care for consumers.
Awareness and training conferences
Legitimate, independent, educational, scientific, and policy-making conferences promote scientific knowledge, medical advancement, and effective health care. Prisma must ensure that support from educational conferences to third parties preserves the independence of cannabis education and should not be used as a means of inappropriate inducement.
Sales, promotions and business meetings
Prisma can conduct promotions and business meetings with his clients, network sales teams, distributors, suppliers, partners and stakeholders relevant to the chain to discuss product characteristics. Often, these meetings take place near the clientes` workplace, however, such meetings may take place in another appropriate location that is conducive to effective exchange of information. Prisma is not allowed to hold sales meetings, promotions and business meetings with public sector professionals, unless otherwise provided by law from the country.
It is appropriate to pay the travel costs of participants when and / or occasionally provide modest meals and drinks in connection with such meetings. It is not appropriate to compensate a professional for a payment or any other item of value for the time the professional spent while attending any educational and / or sales, promotion or other business event held by Prisma in which the professional did not provide a service.
It is not allowed to pay for meals, drinks, travel or hotels to family members and guests of the professionals or another person who does not have a legitimate professional interest in the information being shared at the meeting.
Consulting agreements with professionals
Prisma hires professionals to provide a wide range of valuable and legitimate consulting services through various types of agreements, such as: research contracts, product development and / or intellectual property transfer, marketing, advisory councils, presentations, training and awareness-raising actions sponsored by Prisma and other services.
Prisma may pay consultants a fair market value for performing these types of services, provided they are intended to meet a legitimate business need and do not constitute an unlawful inducement. An unlawful inducement means an agreement remunerated for the purpose of influencing a health professional or government bodies in an illegal manner in making administrative, technical and legal medical decisions and product selection.
Prisma must comply with the following standards in connection with consulting agreements with companies or professionals:
• Consulting agreements must be in writing and clearly describe all services to be provided. When Prisma hires a consultant to perform clinical research services, there must also be a written research protocol. In addition, the health care provider’s employer needs to be notified about the consulting agreement;
• Consulting agreements can only be signed when a legitimate need for services is identified and documented in advance;
• The choice of a consultant should be made based on the qualifications and expertise of the consultant to meet a defined need;
• Payment made to a consultant shall be consistent with the fair market value and under normal market conditions for the service rendered and shall not be based on the volume or value of the past, present or anticipated business of the consultant. Compensation paid to the consultant may only be made after the provision of the service. Payment must be made by electronic bank transfer or by check. Payment can not be made in cash;
• Prisma may pay for documented, reasonable and legitimate expenses incurred by a consultant that are necessary to execute the consulting agreement, such as travel, meals and normal lodging costs;
• The location and circumstances of the Prisma meetings with the consultants should be appropriate to the consultancy subject. These meetings should be held at the factory itself, at universities, at conferences or other venues, including hotels or other commercially available meeting facilities conducive to efficient exchange of information;
• The Prisma Sales area may offer opinions on the suitability of a proposed consultant, but the Sales area should not control or influence the decision to hire a specific health professional as a consultant, unduly;
• Prisma is responsible for maintaining evidence of performance of the services provided by the consultants, such as the results of studies and reports of activities performed.
Entertainment and recreation
Prisma’s interactions with government and private professionals should be of a professional nature and should facilitate the exchange of information necessary for the development project that will benefit the sector.
Meals in commercial interactions
Prisma’s business interactions with professionals may involve the presentation of scientific, educational or commercial information. Therefore, modest meals may be paid as an occasional business courtesy, consistent with the limitations of this section.
• Purpose: The meal should be secondary to the legitimate presentation of scientific, educational or commercial information and provided in a manner conducive to the presentation of such information. The meal should not be part of an entertainment or recreational event.
Educational grants and charitable donations
Prisma can provide grants for research, education and charitable donations in a transparent and legal manner. Therefore, Prisma should:
• Adopt criteria in accordance with the Anti-Corruption Policy to provide such grants and donations, which do not take into account the volume or value of purchases made or anticipated that they will be made by the recipient;
• Implement appropriate procedures to ensure that such grants and donations are not used as unlawful inducement;
• Ensure that all grants and donations are properly documented.
Prisma’s Sales area can not comment on a proposed grant on recipients or programs that can receive a charitable donation. The Prisma Sales area shall not control or unduly influence the decision whether or not a institution will receive a grant or donation, or the amount of such grant or donation. Prisma is strictly prohibited from offering or attempting to offer money, assets, property, services or the use of facilities as political contributions to any government official.
Prisma may promote research grants supporting independent laboratory research with scientific merit. Such activities need to have well-defined goals and important milestones and can not be directly or indirectly linked to the purchase of hospital supplies. Research, grants and charitable donations must be approved by the Administration.
Prisma may make donations of money or technology for charitable purposes, such as support for indigent care, education for patients or the public; or sponsoring events when the offer is intended for charitable purposes. Donations must be motivated by legitimate charitable purposes and should be made only to legitimate philanthropic organizations. Charitable contributions must be approved by the Administration.
Prisma shall exercise due diligence to ensure the legitimacy of the charitable organization. Donations can only be made following the fulfillment of criteria adopted by Prisma, such as:
• Applications for contributions must be made in writing, specifying at least the organization requesting the contribution, the purpose of the contribution and the amount requested;
• Applications should be carefully analyzed to see if the contribution will not provide personal benefit to any public official and whether the institution is registered under applicable law;
• The contribution must be made to the charity registered under the applicable legislation;
• The contribution must be made to the charity and not to the individual and in no circumstances should the payment be made in cash or through a deposit in a personal checking account;
• It is necessary to obtain proof of receipt of all contributions made to charitable causes.
Prisma does not make contributions or donations to political parties, political campaigns and / or candidates for public office, nor political contributions of any nature.
In the context of public bids, Prisma should not provide items, subsidies or donations that are not clearly defined in the bidding announcement.
Any type of payment or other form of benefit (direct or indirect) to a public agent for gaining any kind of advantage.
Practice of good conduct in business
Prisma repudiates any business practices that may characterize bribery, price fixing or similar behavior, prohibiting its trading partners from adopting them in any relationship.
The anti-corruption guidelines aim to ensure that Prisma complies with the requirements of national and international anti-corruption laws, whether public or private, to ensure that the highest standards of integrity, legality and transparency are adhered to while conducting business.
The Anti-Corruption Law applies not only to the individual paying the bribe, but also to individuals who have acted in a way that encourages payment, ie apply to any individual who:
• Approve the payment of bribes;
• Provide or accept false invoices;
• Transmit instructions for payment of bribes;
• Cover the payment of bribes;
• Cooperate consciously with the payment of bribes.
All employees and partners acting on behalf of Prisma are prohibited from offering, promising, making, authorizing or providing (directly or indirectly through third parties) any improper advantage, payments, gifts or the transfer of anything of value to any person, whether it is government professional or not to influence or reward any official action or decision of such person for the benefit of Prisma.
No Prisma employee may be penalized for delay or loss of business resulting from your refusal to pay bribes.
Payments to facilitate or accelerate the actions of public or private officials may constitute a crime of corruption, so PRISMA prohibits facilitating payments to its employees and partners.
To ensure compliance with anti-corruption laws, Prisma must be alert for warning signs that may indicate the occurrence of improper benefits or payments. Warning signs are not necessarily evidence of corruption, nor do they automatically disqualify third parties who represent Prisma. However, they raise suspicions that need to be cleared until they are sure that these signs do not indicate actual problems.
Prisma employees and partners should see with increased suspicion any warning signs, such as:
• Request (clear or not) of commission / favors;
• Requirement of payment in cash;
• Indications of suppliers made by public officials;
• Companies controlled by public officials;
• Refusal or simple resistance to making precise contracts;
• Proposal of unusual or apparently very advantageous values or conditions of payments;
• Suggestion of payment in third party accounts;
• Suggestion of dividing payment into more than one account;
• Country account different from the one where the service was provided;
• Possibility of payment in cash;
• Imprecision in data register, address or company name;
• Recurring meetings at unofficial addresses.
Management of the Code of Ethical Conduct
Approval of this Code and its updates are the responsibility of the Prisma Administration.
It is the responsibility of the PRISMA Administration to ensure that its employees and partners know, assimilate, apply and share the provisions of this Code. Suggestions for improvements should be directed to the administration (email@example.com) | <urn:uuid:8454900d-b97c-4ea3-aab7-c218513dd012> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cannprisma.com/code-of-ethical-conduct/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00670.warc.gz | en | 0.932177 | 6,422 | 1.867188 | 2 |
The Indian Air Force is in the process of equipping its Sukhoi-30MKI with Israeli SPICE-2000 laser-guided bombs, as part of its effort to make the fighter jets more potent, official sources said.
Currently, the IAF's Mirage 2000 are equipped with the SPICE-2000 bombs and these aircraft were used in the pre-dawn strike on the biggest terror camp of the Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) in Pakistan's Balakot recently.
"The IAF is in the process of equipping Su-30MKI with Israeli SPICE-2000 bombs, to make the fighter jets more potent," an official source said.
The move comes amid heightened tensions in ties between India and Pakistan.
Twelve Mirage 2000 fighter jets were chosen for the "non-military, pre-emptive strike" on February 26 on the camp of the JeM in Pakistan due to the combat aircraft's capabilities of hitting long-range targets with "pin-point" accuracy and dropping a range of bombs and missiles including laser-guided ones, government sources had earlier said.
Government sources said on Tuesday that India will have "all options" available in case there is another cross-border terror attack, while maintaining that the counter-terror strikes in Balakot were intended to demonstrate the "capacity and will" to act against terror network in Pakistan. | <urn:uuid:98edcfd2-8a77-4b4d-abda-b96bd6e8c809> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/sukhoi-30-jets-to-be-armed-with-spice-2000-bombs-used-in-balakot-report-2003232 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.962645 | 285 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Radiocarbon dating is a method that provides objective age estimates for carbon-based materials that originated from living organisms. An age could be estimated by measuring the amount of carbon-14 present in the sample and comparing this against an internationally used reference standard.
Find us at the office
Ruebusch- Nedd street no. 4, 92509 George Town, Cayman Islands
Give us a ring
+85 633 466 265
Mon - Fri, 10:00-22:00 | <urn:uuid:2d075e15-3431-4b6d-b7fd-82afdbd09ce6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://aobo.cc/culev32353.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00069.warc.gz | en | 0.871731 | 114 | 1.929688 | 2 |
As we know, the construction of wood materials for residential homes is very rarely used by people in general, anywhere including in Lombok. But there are in some areas that are very familiar with wooden construction. I just call it in the regions of Sumbawa and Bima which is still a province of West Nusa Tenggara or NTB.
I will not mention in other locations or in other provinces. So, the length of this discussion will not be that long. So building a house in the location that I mentioned above is a legacy of tradition and environmental influences. The community does not know too much about buildings made of stone, brick, cement and the like.
They just want to build a monotonous house like the one in the surrounding environment. Usually they build by mutual assistance in turn when they want to build a house.
Of course there are many other reasons for having to continue to be like that, other than not so familiar with the types of building materials commonly used in the city, certainly because there are no masons who live there, even if there are certainly not like masons in island towns Java.
For groups of people like this, the houses of the rich and ordinary people can be distinguished by the standard of how many poles are used for building their houses, because they usually use houses on stilts with wood, which means that there are many pillars of the foundation, so that means the house it is definitely getting bigger.
Building a house with wood or stone material actually each has its own values. Building with wood must of course be reviewed in terms of objectives and needs, apart from these two things there are certainly other considerations, whether it is due to the environment, situation, geographical location or desire.
The concept of building a wooden house actually depends on personal or personal, without having to consider the things we mentioned above. The point is your imagination or imagination will be adopted as there is enough financial budget to implement all your plans and desires.
If you are in doubt or need advice, we can listen and give advice as to what exactly is a proper wooden house for you to build according to the size of the bag you are budgeting.
Because if we talk about satisfaction, then the Wooden House can be compared to a hole where you can invest money. It is certain that if you use first-class wood which can cost three times the grade 2 wood, the costs will be more than the cost of construction of houses made of stone or houses in general that we see in cities.
So the essence or substance of this paper, I want to discuss about the building of wood construction that can be a reference if you want to make a House, Lodging, Villa or other construction of wood materials.
Tentu gambar-gambar di bawah ini bisa anda jadikan patokan atau menjadi inspirasi untuk membuat bangunan berkonstrusi bahan kayu. Bahan kayu ini terdiri dari bentuk, Jenis dan kualitas yang berbeda yang dapat menentukan haraga borong konstruksi kayu yang anda buat di Lombok.
Kami terdiri dari para pekerja terlatih, telaten dan mengerti dengan gambar konstrusi, serta bisa menghitung Rencana Anggaran Biaya (RAB) sesuai jenis bahan kayu yang digunakan beserta fasilitas lainnya yang termasuk dalam item pekerjaan.
Tentu kami akan sangat senang jika anda memiliki gambar rencana dan kami hanya akan mengikuti sesuai dimensi dan instrusi gambar yang ada pada gambar acuan, akan melaksanakan pekerjaan sebaik mungkin, karena kepuasan anda adalah akan menjadi kebanggan dan tujuan kami. | <urn:uuid:c3c2e2be-bbc4-42c0-aa6e-c6937a217ebc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gerbangproperty.info/2019/12/house-hotel-and-villa/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00070.warc.gz | en | 0.818702 | 865 | 2.5 | 2 |
The Global Fashion Industry is huge, however the Nigerian players are largely still the SME space. There is, therefore, an urgent need to scale up and join the big players.
By Oluwatosin Olaseinde
Did you know that the Global Fashion Industry is estimated to be worth $2.4 trillion, that’s according to Mckinsey. In fact, not only does it touch everyone, but it would be the world’s seventh-largest economy if ranked alongside individual countries’ GDP.
Shocking statistic but while the global numbers are really impressive, most of the players in Nigeria are thriving in the MSME space. This is a really huge global market, how do we then transition from the current space of a micro fashion company to a larger more profitable one?
As your startup or small business hits its moment of stability i.e steady small revenue, steady customers, steady flow of income, it’s time to scale. However, this can prove to a tricky and grueling exercise. You need to continue serving your current clients and doing what works, but you need to plan your finances and marketing for bigger projects and bigger audiences at the same time.
Many entrepreneurs are usually stuck in this quagmire but it’s impossible to scale without mastering your numbers. Your numbers tell you so much about your company. Are you running around in circles? Are you truly making profits? Which products are your high return products? Which items offer fast growth in terms of sales?
You need to have this info at the tips of your finger. You need to speak your numbers comfortably. Many fashion entrepreneurs, especially those without a financial background struggle with this. But it isn’t as complex as you think. It is a critical aspect of your business you need to know. If not you might be unable to take your business to the next level as you are unaware of the lifeline it has.
How to Finance Your Growing Small Business
Your finances are is changing regularly. From initial projections when you opened your doors, to adjust for the real-world market, to financing growth, the budgeting needs a continuous update. While you transition from where you are now to where you ought to be these are things that can help financially.
- Adjust Your Budget: 3 Steps to Savvy Finances
Do you have a budget? Is your budget realistic? For a budget to be effective, it has to be close to reality as much as possible. So write down everything, from the yarns to the thread to the rent and even the fluctuating costs of diesel to keep the lights on. So you need to finetune the budget to reflect your realities, that way you are more prepared for uncertainties as you’ve tried to take into account as much info as possible
From experience, a lot of entrepreneurs are overly optimistic, the sales are usually projected to be so high while the costs are sometimes understated. With some years of running the business under the bag, it helps reduce this error to some extent. Always look at your past reality and reflect new realities, e.g if you made sales of 300 unit of clothing in the prior year and you plan to leverage off more advert via social media or reward your existing customers if they brought new clients, you can reflect the expected new growth.
So while you’re projecting this numbers, back it up with actions. For instance, do you really need that big store? Can you get a smaller one and leverage on social media to drive your business? How can you cut costs without affecting quality and growth?
Project sales and profits—If this is your first budget, estimate a reasonable profit for the coming year. If you have records, pull last year’s profit statement and use that to estimate your sales target for the coming year.
Estimate expenses—Fixed expenses will be easier to assume than variable expenses if you’re starting from scratch. Consider salaries and wages, rent, utilities, taxes, supplies, etc.
Calculate gross profit margin—Subtract the cost of goods (inventory, shipping charges, etc.) from your profit target.
2.) The use of professional service
Also depending on the level you are, do not hold back on utilizing the services of professionals, there are now consultants and finance professionals targeting their business models at firms like yours making the service more affordable. There is an SME accounting firm that charges N35,000 to help SMEs prepare their books. Also if you’re seeking external funding, an investor will prioritize a company with properly recorded financial records over one without it
You need to start thinking of scaling with effective means and that doesn’t mean breaking the bank. How do I grow at a faster pace or gain traction while spending less per unit? These are the questions you need to answer.
3.) Secure Funds for Growth and Sustainability
Capital still remains one of the reasons, many small companies are not able to move to the next level. There are quite a number of ways to secure funds, one needs to choose the one that’s right for the business. As it can be the determining factor if the company will survive.
Some of the possible sources for financing include:
Friends and family: Especially in an environment like ours with limited access to finances. Your business isn’t a charity, draw up a plan, let your friends and family know what return it’s in for them should they invest. Or it could be a soft loan to be repaid over the years.
Crowdfunding: This is pooling resources from several investors. Again you need to sell the pros of why they should invest in you
Startup competitions and grants: There are quite a number of this in the market. You need to read up on how best to apply that way you have an edge over other applicants.
Loans: The cost of the loan is very important, it doesn’t make sense to incur a loan that cost 80% per annum if your business isn’t making enough margin to pay back. The cheaper the loan the better. Ask questions, what is the cost?
Angel investors and venture capitalists: These are organized fund investors that’s making seed investments in your growing enterprise. Develop a pitch and read the fine line with regards to the condition of investment and if equity will be exchanged.
When you’ve kept your books, understood your business and made proper inquiries, it becomes easier for you to make decisions about scaling.
Editor’s Note: This article was originally published in The Spark Magazine. Find the magazine here to read more articles.
Oluwatosin Olaseinde is a chartered accountant with over 9 years of experience spanning across accounting, audit, financial management and taxation. She is the Founder/CEO of Money Africa, a platform that enhances financial literacy and wealth management coaching. Prior to Money Africa, Oluwatosin was a commercial finance manager at British American Tobacco, providing commercial & financial advice on capital investment and managing marketing investment budget in the 14 different markets across West Africa. | <urn:uuid:a7de5007-c537-454a-86bc-fcd3b4351e07> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thesparkng.com/hub/scaling-small-fashion-business/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00676.warc.gz | en | 0.943987 | 1,465 | 1.5625 | 2 |
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Customize Your Seafood Consumption Information
There are a variety of different issues related to seafood products that are of interest and concern to different individuals. The information on this web site is primarily focused on Seafood and Health and how to balance the health benefits associated with eating seafood and minimize potential risks. Click on the boxes on the left to learn more.
Seafood and Health
Current dietary guidelines suggest that all Americans should eat 2 to 3 seafood meals per week (8 to 12 ounces) of a variety of different seafood products.
Click on the box to the left to learn how to maximize benefits and minimize risk based on the amount and type of seafood you eat.
Issues related to fisheries management and the sustainability of ocean resources are important for many people.
Click on the box to the left to learn about the NOAA Fish Watch site and sustainability issues.
Seafood Choices and Market Issues
Issues related to seafood choices, where seafood comes from, and how the marketplace works and is regulated are important for many people.
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a Scottish Heritage
As we can read on Wikipedia, a plaid may refer to:
- a cloth made with a tartan pattern. The literal Gaelic meaning is "blanket".
- the belted plaid or "great kilt", earlier form of the kilt
- used as a synonym for tartan in Canada and the US.
All true, but what exactly is that plaid, tartan, blanket or piece of cloth we use to keep us warm & cosy while watching TV at night?
So it were the Americans and Canadians that brought us our household name: plaid. That lovely patterned woollen or fleece blanket resting on our couch during the day and being actively used during the colder months towards the end of the year. The real story in fact sounds much cooler.
We have all seen Christopher Lambert playing his best role as Connor MacLeod in Highlander back in the 80's. As you might recall, all the different clans had their own, let's call it, team colors. Lambert played a highlander from the Clan MacLeod and his colors were with the symmetrical treadcount and with a color pallet of black, freedom red, golden poppy, green, and denim blue. Now registered under #1583 with the Scottish Tartans Authority and the Scottish Tartans World Register. The distinct pattern and woollen textile is called tartan, derived from the French tiretain. And all clans in the Scottish Highlands had their own and just like us they kept them warm..which probably explains why they didn't need to wear anything underneath!
In America and Canada the term plaid is commonly used to describe tartan. The word plaid, derived from the Scottish Gaelic plaide, meaning blanket, was first used of any rectangular garment, sometimes made up of tartan, particularly that which preceded the modern kilt or belted plaid. In time, plaid was used to describe blankets themselves.
So let's recap. The blanket we nicely drape on our couch and use to keep us warm and cosy in the evening can be called a plaid or a blanket and depending on its pattern and textile a tartan. As long as we do not forget that the Highlanders gave us this great romantic gift.
We managed to get some authentic ones, made out of Shetland Wool from the Jacob, Welsh Black and Shetland Moorit sheep and produced in the Cotswolds. Unique in their coloring and with all the heritage in place. Get prepared for those cold yet cosy winter evenings. And to make it even more difficult, we just call them throws.
Check our Ekstur-throws under NEW products! | <urn:uuid:b84605aa-3d61-4871-8b15-2ae65fb1cd6a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.eksturlecture.com/item/plaid-tartan-kilt-or-blanket | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00078.warc.gz | en | 0.96477 | 560 | 2.625 | 3 |
The author of the book: Mark Hitchcock
Format files: PDF, EPUB
The size of the: 19.34 MB
Edition: Harvest House Publishers,U.S.
Date of issue: 24 September 2009
Description of the book "2012, the Bible, and the End of the World":In "2012, the Bible, and the End of the World", bestselling prophecy expert Mark Hitchcock explores a fascinating last-days controversy that is gaining the attention of millions all over the globe. What should Christians make of the rapidly spreading speculations that the world will end on December 21, 2012? The ancient Mayans were expert astronomers and their advanced calendar cycles predict 12/21/2012 as a catastrophic day of apocalypse. This prophecy has spawned a growing number of fringe-element books, Web sites, and even a major movie complete with all-star cast scheduled to release in July 2009. Missing in the furor is a PDF biblical perspective. Bible teacher Mark Hitchcock examines the following questions: Why December 21, 2012? Can we trust the Mayan alarm clock? Does the Bible say anything about 2012? and, What signs will tell us that Armageddon is near? This book provides a fascinating survey of both the historical past and the prophetic future. Readers will discover how to effectively counter baseless speculation with biblical fact.
Reviews of the 2012, the Bible, and the End of the WorldTo date regarding the ebook we've 2012, the Bible, and the End of the World responses users haven't still left their particular report on the game, or otherwise not read it yet. However, for those who have previously see this guide and you are therefore ready to help make his or her results convincingly expect you to spend time to go out of a review on our site (we can submit both positive and negative testimonials). In other words, "freedom involving speech" Most of us wholeheartedly backed. Your opinions to reserve 2012, the Bible, and the End of the World - some other visitors are able to determine in regards to a book. This kind of support will make us all far more U . s .!
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Download EBOOK 2012, the Bible, and the End of the World for free | <urn:uuid:b6107626-058e-4620-8f35-c7886bcbbe0c> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://clearwalksoft.com/religion/1312-2012-the-bible-and-the-end-of-the-world.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720380.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00056-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.912916 | 555 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Most people never stop to think about why it’s important to say “I love you” in a relationship.
When “I love you” enters into the relationship realm, things change for the better, the relationship naturally deepens, and the connection and bond grows. Taking that step can feel vulnerable, but it’s through our vulnerability where our ability to deeply and authentically connect with another heart occurs. If your words remain surface-level, everything else will also.
When a couple gets to this level, a feeling of comfort and peace exists. The couple can relax into the relationship more, and let it flow and progress without that anxiety of the “elephant in the room” looming over them whispering in their mind, “When will it happen?” “Who will say it first?” and “How should it be said?”
Saying “I love you” is an important step in a relationship, however the timing of it doesn’t define whether or not a relationship is good or bad. When it feels right, it is crucial that these words are uttered because it validates how you are feeling, and it feels good to say and hear those words.
It takes courage to be the first one, but if you are truly feeling it in your heart, then you need to just go for it, because you would never want to regret NOT saying “I love you.”
Sometimes the more awkward it is, the better. I had been dating my husband for six months and neither of us had uttered the magic words yet. It was a beautiful spring day in Chicago and he had lost a bet, so it was his turn to plan a surprise day for me. Previous to this I had lost a bet, so I blindfolded him, took him to the Planetarium and then for drinks at the top of the John Hancock building (one of the tallest buildings in the world). Needless to say, he had to be pretty creative for his surprise. He took me to a hidden gem called the Garfield Conservatory. It was a beautiful wonderland of flowers, butterflies and all types of agriculture.
At one point in the middle of the butterfly room, Bryan asked if I’d like to sit down on a little bench for a few minutes. We chatted and kissed; it was romantic. Then he took me outside to a grassy area and we laid down and enjoyed the sunshine and warm day (that was the year of the “polar vortex,” so the warm day in April was much appreciated. We chatted, cuddled and kissed some more.
At that point (hours after we had arrived) it was getting late, so we decided to leave the conservatory but in the parking lot, Bryan asked if I’d like to go back in and sit on the little bench in the butterfly room again, so I agreed … we sat there, chatted and kissed and then left. We got back to his apartment and a millisecond after walking in the door, he blurts out the words “You know I love you, right?”
To which I replied, “I love you too!”
He explained that he had planned on telling me at the conservatory on the bench, but it didn’t happen, then outside in the grass but it “wasn’t the right time” and then the reason why he wanted to go back in after we were almost at the car was because he wanted to try again on the bench.
He. Was. Scared! But he did it, anyway.
Somehow, he mustered up the courage. I had given him zero reason to worry, but it was just his own fear that prevented him from taking action.
We have laughed about that moment for the past 8 years.
Why is it so hard to say “I love you,” you might wonder?
My husband’s awkward “I love you” took forever, although not all awkward “I love you’s” happen like that. Years ago, a client of mine (Let’s call him, “Chad”) who had been in the dating game for a while and was very ready to get married had gone on an amazing first date with “Lucy.” It was so amazing that he scheduled an emergency session with me to get him ready for his second date. Chad’s goal was to take it one minute at a time and not jump into things like he had done in the past.
After the second date which was just as amazing as the first, he drove Lucy home and walked her to her door. After a very romantic kiss goodnight, he hugged her and as he was turning around to head back to his car he blurted out “Goodnight, I love you!” It was almost as if he saw this happening in slow motion and prayed that Lucy didn’t hear him. He truly did not mean to say it, it just came out. Lucy, stunned, replied “Goodnight” as she giggled. Chad started to drive home and immediately called Lucy:
Chad: “Can you please forget what I just said?”
Lucy: “I don’t even know what you’re talking about. I didn’t hear anything (wink, wink).
Two months later, Chad and Lucy went back to the restaurant from their first date and as Chad made a toast, he told Lucy that he loved her for the first “official” time. She told him that she loved him too. They have now been married for 10 years and have four children. Lucy was obviously the right woman for Chad and thought that the pre-mature gesture was cute. Another woman who was not right for Chad might have been scared off. This just proves that people are made for each other and there is someone for everyone.
Regardless of how you say it, it is critical that you DO say it.
You need to share what’s in your heart no matter what the outcome is.
If you were told that you had two months to live, would you feel like you had nothing to lose, like you would want to tell people how you feel about them and not look back with any regrets or lost opportunities? THIS is your opportunity. Live as though you are dying- that sounds so morbid, but I actually mean it in the most light-hearted and light-filled way possible. Life is short, and we aren’t on this planet for that long.
My wish for you, is that you use that beautiful voice of yours to speak what is in your heart always without any attachment to the outcome. We are not responsible for how someone is going to react; that’s none of our business and it’s out of our control. What IS our business and what we DO have control over, is allowing ourselves to use our voice.
Client after client comes into my office in agony and in pain, overwhelmed with regret day after day over wishing that they would’ve said something to someone they love but they didn’t and ultimately the relationship ended because neither party was able to be vulnerable and open up to love. Both people were too stuck in their negative narratives (“I’m not good enough”) and fear (“If I share how I feel, the relationship will end”).
Relationships are not sustainable when people aren’t willing to share themselves; all parts of them.
Not sharing and speaking from your heart is a surface relationship and surface relationships have no substance or depth. What is the point in being in a surface relationship where you operate from fear? Putting your feelings off for a rainy day is not the way to go, because by the time that rainy day comes around, the one you love might have already moved on.
We always have two choices: we can stay safe in our comfort zone or we can take a leap; a jump into the unknown. Staying safe in life doesn’t get you anywhere.
All the love that is waiting for you, and all of the abundance that is out there for you is on the other side of your comfort zone. I know it’s scary, and I know you might feel terrified, but everything in life that is worth it, is on the other side of fear. Instead of residing in fear, reside in trust. Trust yourself, your feelings and your heart, and know that they would never, ever steer you wrong. | <urn:uuid:2a234980-2610-4be7-a9ba-dd8df30de928> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://therelationshipexpert.com/2020/04/the-importance-of-saying-i-love-you-in-a-relationship/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.983864 | 1,796 | 1.8125 | 2 |
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Safe and very sound!
▶ Haynes AB, Weiser TG, Berry WR, et al. A surgical safety checklist to reduce morbidity and mortality in a global population. N Engl J Med 2009;360:491–9.
▶ Weiser TG, Haynes AB, Dziekan G, et al. Effect of A 19-Item Surgical safety checklist during urgent operations in a global patient population. Ann Surg 2010;251:976–80.
Surgery has become an integral part of global health care, with an estimated 234 million operations performed yearly. Surgical complications are common and often preventable. The authors of these two papers hypothesised that a program to implement a 19-item surgical safety checklist would reduce complications and deaths associated with surgery. The origins of the checklist come, loosely, from the aviation industry where routine safety checks are made prior to and debrief after any flight. In the case of surgery the checks are conducted in the operating theatre prior to and after surgery, and they are similarly designed to improve team communication and consistency of care. The initial study published in 2009 was conducted in non-urgent cases in eight different hospitals around the world (Toronto, Canada; New Delhi, India; Amman, Jordan; Auckland, New Zealand; Manila, Philippines; Ifakara, Tanzania; London, England; and Seattle, WA) These centres representing a variety of economic circumstances and diverse populations of patients participated in the World Health Organisation's Safe Surgery Saves Lives program. The authors …
Provenance and peer review Not Commissioned; not externally peer reviewed. | <urn:uuid:072e63b7-f2af-4ff7-9705-339095da3f9b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gut.bmj.com/content/59/7/987 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.909888 | 401 | 2.328125 | 2 |
Gray Wolf (Canis
- Texas Status
- U.S. Status
- Endangered, Listed 3/11/1967
- Protection Status Notes
- Originally listed as Endangered March 11, 1967. Mexican gray wolf listed as an endangered subspecies April 28, 1976. Reintroduced population of Mexican gray wolf listed as experimental nonessential in portions of AZ and NM on Jan. 12, 1998. Minnesota population reclassified as threatened March 9, 1978. Currently extirpated from Texas.
- The Gray Wolf is a close relative of domestic dogs. Its thick fur ranges in color from creamy white, reddish-brown, to shades of gray and black. Gray wolves are the largest species of wolf and range between 50 - 90 pounds and 4 - 5 feet long. Adult males are larger than adult females.
- Life History
- Gray wolves breed once a year. They mate in late winter and pups are born in the spring. Dens are usually ground burrows excavated in slopes where rocks will function to support the roof of the tunnel and burrow. Both parents and other pack members, if present, will bring food to the young, which average about 5 pups in a litter. The bond between mated wolves is very strong and commonly lasts their lifetime. Gray wolves can live up to 15 years.
Gray wolves are carnivores which prey on large herbivores such as deer and Pronghorn antelope, but will also eat rabbits, ground squirrels, and mice. The decline of the Gray Wolf has been attributed mostly to predator control by humans. In the late 1800's and early 1900's, ranchers killed wolves to prevent loss of livestock and wild ungulates such as deer. In those days, even people living in the towns and cities feared wolves and applauded their demise. Predator control was so successful that few individuals remained. Reintroduction efforts of captive-bred individuals have been difficult to initiate due to residual fears for livestock and people, as well as a lack of large, remote tracts of suitable habitat.
- Gray wolves are found in forests, brushlands, or grasslands where suitable cover and denning sites are available.
- Gray wolves were once found throughout North America. Historically, gray wolves were found over the western 2/3 of the state. Today, none remain in Texas. Its status in Mexico is unknown, and it may be extirpated (no longer exists in Mexico).
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∧ Back to Top | <urn:uuid:a7863fb9-0c2e-4469-a205-df0e042a851a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://tpwd.texas.gov/huntwild/wild/species/graywolf/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00046-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956434 | 510 | 3.421875 | 3 |
Hello and welcome to exampundit. Here is the first set of Financial Current Affairs Questions for the upcoming SBI Clerk & PO Mains Exams. These are based on the Current Affairs from July, 2016 second week. The topics include, news related to finance, industry, MoU, investments, reports related to economy and all the financial awareness.
2. The RBI recently created Sudarshan Sen Inter-regulatory Working Group to study the entire gamut of regulatory issues relating to –
3. How much amount of capital did government recently provide to 13 PSU banks to enhance their lending operations and enable them to raise more money from the market?
6. What is the outlay of the newly launched Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana? | <urn:uuid:f819f475-8712-4d2e-8b0c-8d5c87db899b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.exampundit.in/2016/07/financial-current-affairs-quiz-for-sbi_26.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00078-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.937867 | 159 | 1.5 | 2 |
Preparedness Month: ReadyWisconsin provides disaster planning, response tips
Courtesy of ReadyWisconsin
WISCONSIN – Governor Tony Evers recently declared September Preparedness Month in the state of Wisconsin.
“Preparing for disasters protects everyone you love, and ReadyWisconsin encourages people to take time during September to ensure they have the tools needed to respond to potential disasters and emergencies in their community,” ReadyWisconsin said in a release.
“Every year, our state faces its share of floods, tornadoes and other emergencies,” Evers stated. “It’s critically important for Wisconsinites to make sure they’re prepared for emergencies that may arise and to take the necessary steps to protect their loved ones. This month, we’re helping do that by equipping folks with the skills and resources they need to remain safe during an emergency.”
As part of Preparedness Month, Wisconsinites should take the following actions:
- Make A Plan – Develop a plan for how you and your loved ones will reach safety during any emergency. Know where your shelters at home, work and school are located or how you will safely leave the building. Practice going to those safe places. Also, make sure everyone knows how to contact each other if a disaster were to occur while you are separated.
- Build A Kit – Kits should include enough non-perishable food, water, and medications to keep you safe for up to 72 hours. First aid supplies, a flashlight, and a NOAA Weather Radio, along with copies of insurance policies, prescriptions, and a list of important contact numbers, are also great inclusions. Store your kit in a location where you can access it quickly during an emergency.
- Know Your Risk – Being prepared for disasters includes identifying the risks that exist in your community. This includes understanding the natural threats, such as tornadoes and local flood hazards, and man-made risks that may be nearby, such as industrial sites. Use that information to develop your emergency plans, the review and practice them with everyone in your home.
- Teach Youth Preparedness – Disasters can be scary for kids. Help them feel more in control by talking about what they should do in an emergency. If you have a student in fourth or fifth grade, ask their teacher about participating in the Student Tools for Emergency Planning (STEP) program in their classroom during the school year. Information on this free program is available at readywisconsin.wi.gov/step/.
For tips on how to create an emergency kit and plan, visit www.readywisconsin.wi.gov.
You can also follow ReadyWisconsin on Facebook (www.facebook.com/readywisconsin) and Twitter (www.twitter.com/readywisconsin) for emergency preparedness tips throughout the year. | <urn:uuid:7f23da27-f0e9-4bff-93b3-5991452b3ebf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tomahawkleader.com/2021/09/01/preparedness-month-readywisconsin-provides-disaster-planning-response-tips/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00068.warc.gz | en | 0.951712 | 578 | 2.734375 | 3 |
GUC Computer Science graduates Salma Shaaban and Ahmed Rihan used their skills to develop 'Matkhafeesh' ('Don’t Be Scared'), an app that can help victims of sexual harassment and abuse in Egypt by providing them with the resources they need.
Earlier this year, Egypt witnessed a mass social media movement encouraging women to speak up and take legal action against sexual harassment. Inspired by such activism, GUC Computer Science graduates, Salma Shaaban and Ahmed Rihan, used their skills to develop 'Matkhafeesh' ('Don’t Be Scared'), an app that can help victims of sexual harassment and abuse by providing them with the resources they need.
The 'Matkhafeesh' app helps users find legal, psychological and societal support in Egypt, and hosts a special map where users can mark the exact location in which they faced harassment. This lets other women know which areas are unsafe, and contributes to data collection by governmental and non-governmental entities to propel them to organise self-defense and awareness initiatives.
The psychological support feature -currently under development - connects sexual harassment survivors with experienced therapists, whether for one-on-one or group sessions. These therapists were all chosen with the consultation of a well-established clinical psychiatrist. The app will also offer legal resources by connecting survivors to lawyers who have previously won sexual harassment cases at special rates, with some offering legal consultations free-of-charge.
'Matkhafeesh' will soon introduce a societal support feature which allows users to input the contact information of four people they trust. Should they encounter a dangerous situation, the user can use a shortcut on their phone that will notify them and send them their exact location.
“We hope the platform raises awareness on the extent of sexual harassment issue,” Salma Shaaban tells #CairoScene. "And that it will make strides in normalising mental health support.”
“We also hope the app encourages survivors to take legal action against their harassers,” adds Ahmed Rihan. “So that people can be more aware of their legal rights.”
‘Matkhafeesh’ is currently available on Google Play, and will soon be available on the App Store. | <urn:uuid:61d631aa-6c5d-4e1a-9da9-f64d46366899> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cairoscene.com/Buzz/Fight-Sexual-Harassment-with-the-Matkhafeesh-App | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.932719 | 465 | 2.265625 | 2 |
LEVERKUSEN, Germany and WHIPPANY, N.J., May 13, 2019 /PRNewswire/ -- Bayer released the following statement in reaction to a jury verdict in favor of the plaintiffs in the case of Pilliod v. Monsanto, a trial conducted before Judge Winifred Smith in the Superior Court of the State of California for the County of Alameda. This is the first case in the glyphosate JCCP coordinated proceeding to go to trial.
Bayer is disappointed with the jury's decision and will appeal the verdict in this case, which conflicts directly with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's interim registration review decision released just last month, the consensus among leading health regulators worldwide that glyphosate-based products can be used safely and that glyphosate is not carcinogenic, and the 40 years of extensive scientific research on which their favorable conclusions are based.
We have great sympathy for Mr. and Mrs. Pilliod, but the evidence in this case was clear that both have long histories of illnesses known to be substantial risk factors for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), most NHL has no known cause, and there is not reliable scientific evidence to conclude that glyphosate-based herbicides were the "but for" cause of their illnesses as the jury was required to find in this case.
The contrast between today's verdict and EPA's conclusion that there are "no risks to public health from the current registered uses of glyphosate" could not be more stark. EPA's conclusion is based on a database of more than 800 studies on glyphosate and Bayer's glyphosate-based herbicides that relate to human and mammalian health, and its 2017 cancer risk assessment also examined numerous studies in the open literature. In contrast, plaintiffs in this case presented the jury with cherry-picked findings from a tiny fraction of the volume of studies available, and that failed to adjust for exposure to other pesticides, did not have statistically significant results, had very small exposed populations and/or are at odds with the full body of science. Plaintiffs also relied heavily on IARC's assessment of glyphosate from 2015. But as EPA noted, EPA's cancer assessment was "more robust" and "more transparent" than IARC's review, which considered only a subset of published studies included in EPA's evaluation. IARC's opinion remains an outlier among international health regulators and scientific bodies.
The verdict in this trial has no impact on future cases and trials, as each one has its own factual and legal circumstances. Also, this litigation will take some time before it concludes as no case has been subject to appellate review where key legal rulings in the trials will be assessed. The company will continue to evaluate and refine its legal strategies as it moves through the next phase of this litigation, which will be marked by a greater focus on post-trial motions and appellate review and trials scheduled in different venues.
Glyphosate-based Roundup™ products have been used safely and successfully for over four decades worldwide and are a valuable tool to help farmers deliver crops to markets and practice sustainable farming by reducing soil tillage, soil erosion and carbon emissions. Regulatory authorities around the world consider glyphosate-based herbicides safe when used as directed. There is an extensive body of research on glyphosate and Bayer's glyphosate-based herbicides, including more than 800 rigorous studies submitted to EPA, European and other regulators in connection with the registration process, that confirms that these products are safe when used as directed. In addition, the largest and most recent epidemiologic study – the 2018 independent National Cancer Institute-supported long-term study that followed over 50,000 pesticide applicators for more than 20 years and was published after the IARC monograph – found no association between glyphosate-based herbicides and cancer. Additionally, EPA's 2017 post-IARC cancer risk assessment examined more than 100 studies the agency considered relevant and concluded that glyphosate is "not likely to be carcinogenic to humans", its most favorable rating, while the agency's April 2019 interim registration review decision on glyphosate also reaffirmed that "there are no risks to public health when glyphosate is used in accordance with its current label and that glyphosate is not a carcinogen".
For more information on Roundup™, visit https://www.bayer.com/en/glyphosate-roundup.aspx.
Bayer is a global enterprise with core competencies in the life science fields of health care and nutrition. Its products and services are designed to benefit people by supporting efforts to overcome the major challenges presented by a growing and aging global population. At the same time, the Group aims to increase its earning power and create value through innovation and growth. Bayer is committed to the principles of sustainable development, and the Bayer brand stands for trust, reliability and quality throughout the world. In fiscal 2018, the Group employed around 117,000 people and had sales of 39.6 billion euros. Capital expenditures amounted to 2.6 billion euros, R&D expenses to 5.2 billion euros. For more information, go to www.bayer.com.
Chris Loder, phone +1 (201) 396-4325
Email: [email protected]
Henning Meyer, phone +49 214 30-56917
Email: [email protected]
Find more information at www.bayer.com.
This release may contain forward-looking statements based on current assumptions and forecasts made by Bayer management. Various known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors could lead to material differences between the actual future results, financial situation, development or performance of the company and the estimates given here. These factors include those discussed in Bayer's public reports which are available on the Bayer website at www.bayer.com. The company assumes no liability whatsoever to update these forward-looking statements or to conform them to future events or developments. | <urn:uuid:d51a0717-c0ce-49c2-bde8-66adf6a5563d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/bayer-statement-on-jurys-decision-in-california-state-glyphosate-trial-300849274.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00078.warc.gz | en | 0.953482 | 1,197 | 1.523438 | 2 |
In March, unemployment rate decreased by 0.2 percentage points
Data of the Labour Force Survey (LFS) conducted by the Central Statistical Bureau (CSB) show that in March 2022, the actual unemployment rate in Latvia was 7.4 %, and compared to February it has decreased by 0.2 percentage points.
The female unemployment rate decreased by 0.1 percentage points to 6.9 % in March, while the males unemployment rate decreased by 0.2 percentage points to 7.9 %.
The unemployment rate registered with the State Employment Agency (SEA) was 6.8 % and has not changed since February. Compared to March last year, the actual unemployment rate decreased by 0.7 percentage points and the registered unemployment rate - by 1.4 percentage points.
In March 2022, there were 68.8 thousand unemployed persons (31.8 thousand females and 37.0 thousand males) in Latvia, which is 1.4 thousand fewer than in February, and 5.9 thousand fewer than in the same period last year. The number of unemployed males decreased by 0.9 thousand during the month, while the number of unemployed females– by 0.5 thousand.
The registered unemployment rate in the SEA is calculated using data on registered unemployed persons held by the Agency and data on the active population (employed and unemployed persons) of working age provided by the CSB. Unadjusted monthly survey estimates are used for the actual unemployment rate.
Registered unemployment rate by month is available on the – SEA website ,
Methodology used for the CSB monthly estimates is published on the Official Statistics Portal reference metadata section Employment and unemployment
Seasonal Adjustment of Time Series During COVID-19 Crisis
Socio-economic indicators of the emergency situation are available on the Official Statistics Portal Covid-19 thematic section | <urn:uuid:fdd7e231-eb83-4b71-8331-21cdcc7852ba> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://stat.gov.lv/en/statistics-themes/labour-market/unemployment/press-releases/8707-unemployment-march-2022 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.942599 | 371 | 1.703125 | 2 |
German parliament to examine Afghanistan mission, evacuation
BERLIN (AP) — The German parliament will set up a commission of inquiry into last year’s evacuation mission from Afghanistan and a fact-finding commission on Berlin’s two-decade involvement there, lawmakers said Thursday.
Senior lawmakers from the three parties in Chancellor Olaf Scholz’s governing coalition and from the main opposition Union bloc said in a joint statement that the two panels would be established before parliament’s summer break starts next month.
They described it as “a strong signal” that the government and opposition had agreed on the move, and said the aim of both commissions is to learn lessons for the future. The Union led the German government under Scholz’s predecessor, Angela Merkel, for 16 years until December.
Germany had the second-biggest contingent in the NATO-led mission in Afghanistan until last year’s withdrawal, and for years oversaw security and training efforts in the north of the country.
Following the subsequent Taliban takeover of Kabul, Germany evacuated more than 5,300 people on its military flights, part of a sometimes-chaotic Western evacuation effort.
Far more people than Germany had promised to take in were left behind. The Foreign Ministry has worked to facilitate more departures by various routes, and authorities say that around 200 Afghans per week have been brought to Germany via Pakistan in recent weeks. | <urn:uuid:b0c363e4-99a1-4071-8d86-9875b14ed804> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://j7dfh9pbumnyhazfmcsfgm9m.apnews.com/article/afghanistan-nato-angela-merkel-olaf-scholz-berlin-6abb2b3f37680e0759b9da1a0c53fdb6 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00669.warc.gz | en | 0.96803 | 289 | 2.203125 | 2 |
How American Indians interpreted and transmitted their own histories in their own ways.
Native American historiography has been dominated by the writings of non-Natives, who have allowed their preconceived notions and prejudices to color their writings. In recent decades, there has been a concerted effort to balance the literature by providing the "Indian" perspective. The problem is, as brilliantly demonstrated in this work by Nabokov (American Indian studies and world arts and cultures, UCLA; Native American Architecture), there is no monolithic "Indian" perspective. Essentially an expansion of an essay titled "Native Views of History" that was published in The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas. Vol. 1: North America, this multidisciplinary intellectual history describes the many ways that individual Native American groups have defined their histories for their own purposes. By bringing these varying Native perspectives to the fore, Nabokov has performed a service that will only enrich future research into the history of Native American groups. This path-breaking work is highly recommended for all academic libraries and should be strongly considered by public libraries as well. John Burch, Campbellsville Univ. Lib., KY Copyright 2002 Cahners Business Information. | <urn:uuid:e04c506f-5de1-45b2-8121-ce140c493b80> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.cheaptextbooks.org/9780521568746 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00074-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958501 | 240 | 3.3125 | 3 |
All types of restaurants have applications for microwaves, from quick-service operations to casual and even fine dining.
Microwaves are typically used in conjunction with other cooking equipment to enhance speed of service.
Typical commercial foodservice applications include single-portion and bulk reheating, steaming and boost heating, in addition to cooking and defrosting. Vegetables and seafood are two foods that are ideal for microwaves.
These units work well when used with foods that are moist, such as vegetables and pasta.
Not so typical microwave applications include non-commercial food applications, such as drying out chemicals, sand, rubber and wood. | <urn:uuid:22aea2a0-55f6-4439-8f56-65ea5fb2f500> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.fesmag.com/products/foodservice-equipment-repair-maintenance/5850-microwave-applications | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00009-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964021 | 130 | 2.125 | 2 |
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