text stringlengths 181 608k | id stringlengths 47 47 | dump stringclasses 3 values | url stringlengths 13 2.97k | file_path stringlengths 125 140 | language stringclasses 1 value | language_score float64 0.65 1 | token_count int64 50 138k | score float64 1.5 5 | int_score int64 2 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The change of weather and temperatures means that you should bring your vehicle in for an inspection. We will inspect the parts and components of your vehicle to help ensure they are efficient. If there is an issue that you might notice when you drive, make sure to contact us. Any odd noises or sounds that are present can indicate an issue that will need to be resolved as soon as possible. If the problem is not fixed, then the issue can become worse and lead to a costly repair bill. You can contact us and we can recommend when the vehicle should be brought in for regular maintenance inspections.
Having regular oil changes will help to increase the efficiency and performance of the engine of your vehicle. The oil also lubricates more than just the engine of your vehicle. Any moving part will need the proper lubrication so it moves without causing wear and tear to other parts it connects to. There might be a sign of an issue if you start to hear odd noises or grinding sounds with the vehicle as well when it operates. These sounds can come from under the hood. It will always be recommended that the issue be inspected as soon as possible.
Fall is also a good time to have the tires checked as well. They should be in the best condition, so having us inspect them can help to ensure this as well. We can check the air pressure and the tread wear for each of the tires. If a tire gets low on air often, we can do a further inspection of why this could be the case. Having the tire patched or replaced will save you a lot of trouble and headaches in the upcoming months. We can also look to make sure the tires are wearing evenly. They should be properly aligned with one another. | <urn:uuid:f3e6de24-1e6e-4ef6-8071-0233bda1a9b9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blaineautoonline.com/fall-maintenance-for-your-vehicle/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.970637 | 344 | 1.625 | 2 |
A French drain is often added to property where the natural slope isn’t enough to move excess storm water off the property. Some texts reference these systems having been invented in France. However, our use really goes back to those popularized by Henry Flagg French. French drains are usually buried under the lawn. They usually rely upon a corrugated tube with perforated holes at the top. Such a buried tube allows excess water to be quickly moved away from ponding on a property. A smoother tube is preferred as water tends to be left over in the curves of the corrugated pipe. This can create a breeding ground for mosquitoes over time. They are also more difficult to clean.
Another type of French drain is a concrete trough dug into the ground and covered with a metal grating system. This is more obvious to the observer, but can be very efficient and much easier to clean. We have more details about drainage solutions here.
Our owner, David Felker, has been serving lawn care clients since 1979 throughout the DFW area. He has substantial experience in landscape design, installation and maintenance. David’s expertise is critical in this area because we have unique challenges of drought conditions and high temps in the summertime, and occasional frost in the winter. He will work with you to understand your preferences, dislikes and budget and design a landscape that fits with your taste, your space, and tolerance for yard work!
His experience extends to project planning, resource management and personnel oversight. While planning the project, David can lay out clearly when a project will begin, how long it will take, and when it will end. Things occasionally to go awry, but should anything change, David and his staff will be sure to keep you up to date to ensure you’re kept in the loop. Call our office today, or click on “Contact Us” in the menu to send us an email and give us a high-level overview of what you have in mind.
Flagstone represents flat rocks that are found in nature, and assembled into patios. The types of flagstone we typically work with are sandstone, limestone and slate. They are sedimentary rocks that are split into planes. They are appealing to homeowners who want a natural, organic look in their backyard that is also durable and naturally slip-resistant. Flagstone colors are usually earthy shades of browns, reds, grays and blues.
We have multiple, experienced crews that are part of Ideal Landscape Services. While our owner, David Felker, handles the majority of the design work, his is by no means a one-man show. He relies on a great team with multiple crews that allow him to be working on numerous projects at one time. David is a great project planner, and can readily identify projects that are either too small, or too big for Ideal Landscape Services. We always want to be able to deliver on our promises, so we are careful to advise clients when something is better suited to a DIY project, or so big it requires something beyond our combined crew strength. We have experience in a variety of applications from a secluded backyard oasis, to a busy town square, so just let us know how we can help, and we’ll try to WOW you every time!
Outdoor lighting can serve a variety of purposes for your home, but the two most common themes we here are aesthetics and security. Highlighting certain areas of your home and landscape can really help to make your home “pop” and can enhance the night-time curb appeal. It can also serve as a significant deterrent to would be thieves who would rather have the cover of darkness than having to avoid lit areas. Lighting can make it easier for thieves to be seen by neighbors or get caught on camera.
Outdoor lighting options typically rely on low-voltage alternatives which means that they’ll use very little electricity, and there’s even a number of great options that rely on solar power which work well in our sun-rich environment. Our chief designer has implemented numerous lighting configurations, so he’ll be able to translate your desires into a practical design that will look great. Read more about our process here, and give us a call today to start work on your next big idea!
Quite simply, it’s landscaping that doesn’t require a big investment of time or money to maintain. Such designs utilize various hardscapes and native plants to create a great look, but not require as much watering or personal attention. Many native plants can look appealing and add color to your designs, but their physical growth is limited, so maintenance can be handled infrequently. We’ll design hardscapes in mind to keep water flowing away from the foundation of your home so that we don’t complicate matters with a new landscape installation.
Landscape design choices are made based on a variety of criteria. It’s certainly not rocket science, but our more than 30 years of planning and installing landscapes throughout North Texas are critical! We have to factor in where your home is located, how much sun and shade different areas get, watering considerations, and budget. Additional decisions are made regarding the weather extremes we experience in North Texas from our hot summers to sky-opening thunderstorms in the spring and fall!
Landscape design is more than just deciding on which plants to buy, it’s also about planning hardscapes and irrigation that will help you fully-enjoy the final product, and a result that you can maintain for many years.
Well, of course! Designing projects is really our favorite thing to do because it gets our creative juices flowing. We balance our clients must haves, nice-to-haves, reality and budget and come up with great solutions that people will love for years to come. Since water is such a precious commodity in North Texas, we often focus on xeriscape design styles which require little water. We can incorporate irrigation systems into the project, and instruct you on best practices for watering your investment.
We’ll also be very careful about how we incorporate hardscapes so that we don’t funnel spring and fall Thunderstorms into a new lake in your backyard!
Xeriscaping is a “big word” that essentially refers to a style of landscaping that requires little to no irrigation. This is obviously an important request of many North Texas homeowners as we often suffer through brutal heat for many weeks during the summer. Homeowners still want something that’s appealing to the eye, but also won’t something that will dry out and die in a week and need to be replaced. At Ideal Landscape Designs, we have more than 30 years experience in design, installing and maintaining xeriscape designs in Fort Worth, Arlington, and beyond. We use native, drought-resistant plants to give your space life, and use appropriate hardscapes that will look attractive, and reduce the need for watering.
Yes we do! This is typically something we prefer to do as part of a larger project, but it is an area we have expertise in. This is a critical component of any landscaping design. We make sure that our clients know what level of watering is required in order to ensure the success of their new look. Fort Worth and many other local communities limits our watering to two days per week. This can be more than adequate, especially considering the drought tolerant plants we normally recommend.
If you do need just an irrigation system installed, it’s something we can review. We’ll evaluate our projects and see how it fits into our schedule. If it’s a project that just isn’t right for us, we’ll be sure to inform you up front. We’ll also make a recommendation to a company that we know and trust. Irrigation experts are licensed within the State of Texas. Therefore, make sure that whomever you deal with when it comes to irrigation systems has the right credentials.
The short answer is: Yes. However, that’s because we want to say a bit more about water features. If you have a bird bath in your backyard, and it just holds water, then that would likely attract mosquitos because it’s stagnant water, it’s not moving. All of the water features we install have some level of movement to them. Whether it’s falling water in a waterfall, or pushing water up in a fountain, we always make sure there’s some level of movement to avoid attracting mosquitos.
Mosquito larvae can only survive in stagnant water. Additionally, mosquitos that have just hatched must lay on the surface of the water in order for their wings to dry, therefore mosquitos will avoid moving water when laying eggs. | <urn:uuid:5582cb53-1143-4d87-a1ec-79b99f90b5dc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ideallandscapeservices.com/faq/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.958043 | 1,829 | 1.921875 | 2 |
The Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago held its 20th annual Automotive Outlook Symposium (AOS) on May 30–31, 2013, at its Detroit Branch. Just a few days following the conference, light vehicle sales (i.e., car and light truck sales) for May were reported to be 15.2 million units at a seasonally adjusted annual rate. This selling rate was 9.6% higher than May 2012’s selling rate and was consistent with the AOS consensus forecast for 2013. As in past years, certain AOS participants were asked to submit their forecasts of gross domestic product (GDP) and related items, including, of course, light vehicles sales, ahead of the gathering. William Strauss, senior economist and economic advisor for the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, hosted the event and presented the consensus outlook. Table 1 shows the median forecast for some of the items.
Auto industry experts discussed a number of topics during this year’s two-day conference, and a few of them made formal presentations. Speakers provided a light vehicle sales outlook, a medium- and heavy-duty truck industry outlook, and automotive industry outlooks from the perspectives of the automotive parts suppliers and dealers. In addition to the economic and automotive outlooks, two speakers presented their research on financing the infrastructure necessary to support alternative fuel vehicles (i.e., vehicles running on compressed natural gas, ethanol, electricity, and hydrogen). To see a complete list of this year’s AOS speakers, as well as most of their presentations, go to http://www.chicagofed.org/webpages/events/2013/automotive_outlook_symposium.cfm#.
Of special note was a discussion on Mexico’s emergence as a global player in automotive production, which was held on the first day of the event. David Andrea, senior vice president, industry analysis and economics, for the Original Equipment Suppliers Association (OESA), presided over a panel of experts on Mexico’s growing role in North American automotive production and global automotive trade.
Chart 1 shows how automotive manufacturing capacity has grown consistently in Mexico since 2005, with the exception of a slight setback due to the 2008–09 recession. In contrast, over the period 2005–13, automotive manufacturing capacity for the United States and Canada combined fell by 21.6%. Given these two contrasting trends, it is not surprising that Mexico’s share of all light vehicles produced in North America was 19% in 2012—which was higher than Canada’s share (16%). By comparison, in 1990, only 6% of all light vehicles produced in North America were assembled in Mexico (versus Canada’s 16% share of production back then). So, clearly, automotive production in Mexico has taken great strides over the past two decades. In fact, Mexico has moved ahead of Canada in terms of the number of vehicles produced on an annual basis.
According to projections by WardsAuto, in the years ahead Mexico will be getting most of the additional North American automotive production capacity that is planned (see Chart 2). In total, automotive manufacturing capacity for North America is projected to rise about 4.4% between 2013 and 2018, while automotive manufacturing capacity for Mexico is expected to increase by over 26.0%.
The panel of experts that Andrea presided over at the AOS shared their analyses about Mexico’s growing importance to the North American automotive industry, which were in line with the WardsAuto data. For instance, Bill Cook, director of worldwide transportation and customs for Chrysler Group LLC, said that Mexico’s percentage of Chrysler’s total vehicle production increased over 280% from the start of negotiations for the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1985 through 2012. (Of course, Mexico’s share of Chrysler’s overall vehicle production experienced its biggest gains after NAFTA was implemented in 1994.) Other topics discussed by the panel included such issues as Mexico’s role in the automotive supply chain and product and parts logistics. Thomas Klier, senior economist for the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, was also among this panel of experts; he shared many insights on Mexico’s growing role in the North American auto industry, which are reflected in a recent Midwest Economy blog entry and Chicago Fed Letter. | <urn:uuid:840fc85b-8716-4e3e-80cd-2874dc4d418c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://michiganeconomy.chicagofedblogs.org/?p=394 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00158-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95874 | 883 | 1.59375 | 2 |
- What: Poetry and song concert
- Date: Sunday 26 June 2022
- Time: 4pm to 5.30pm (please arrive at 3.45pm for a 4pm start)
- Where: Cambridge Corn Exchange, Wheeler Street, Cambridge, CB2 3PQ
- Cost: Free (no need to book in advance). Voluntary donations will be taken for the Cambridge Refugee Hardship Fund
- Suitable for children from Key Stage 2 onwards. We suggest that children under the age of nine only attend at the discretion of adults
Voices of Hope and Healing is a free poetry and song concert taking place at 4pm on Sunday 26 June at the Corn Exchange in Cambridge, to mark Refugee Week and Holocaust Memorial Day.
HistoryWorks and Michael Rosen present Voices of Hope and Healing in partnership with DoSoCo Foundation and composer Andrea Cockerton. ‘Voices of Hope and Healing’ is to mark Refugee Week and Holocaust Memorial Day on behalf of Cambridge City Council. Holocaust Memorial Day is marked each year on 27th January, the date that Auschwitz was liberated, but the annual civic event for 2022 had to be postponed in January due to COVID-19 so it is fitting to commemorate instead during Refugee Week this year.
The event is not ticketed, so there is no need to book in advance. Everyone is invited to come along to show and share empathy and support for refugees and asylum seekers.
Please come along to hear poems performed by Michael Rosen, with many of the poems from Michael's volume of poetry On the Move. Poems about Migration. New songs have also been composed by Andrea Cockerton to Michael Rosen's lyrics, and will be premiered at the event, sung by the DoSoCo Foundation Choir and CAP Singers. There are also performances inspired by primary, secondary and sixth form schools in Cambridge, with more than 3,000 children involved behind the scenes composing poems and songs, dances and dramas to empathize with refugee experiences.
There will be dance and drama performances inspired by Michael Rosen’s words and storytelling about his family who went missing at the end of World War II. The poems and stories reveal Michael’s journey to discover they were murdered at Auschwitz.
These pieces, including new work Tracing, are performed to Michael Rosen's words by Youth Elevation Dance Company with choreography by Helen Garner and music composed by Alex Cook. Further pieces of physical theatre will be performed by the Cambridge Academic Partnership Drama Group with choreography led by Russell Burgees. Michael will use his own words to tell the story of Oscar and Rachel as they were captured by the Nazis, followed by a powerful drama about those who were on the same convoy but who escaped from the train.
The concert is suitable for children from Key Stage 2 onwards. However, we suggest that children under the age of nine only attend at the discretion of adults in their family to follow-up and guide their children to discuss issues they will hear and learn about during the event.
For more information about the concert or to find out more about Michael Rosen’s poetry and work with local schools, please visit the HistoryWorks community project website.
Although the event is completely free to attend, attendees who wish to make a donation at the event will be welcome to do so. This year collections will be taken for the Refugee Hardship Fund which is administered by Cambridge Ethnic Community Forum (CECF) Refugee services, supporting refugees, especially newly arrived refugees from Afghanistan and Ukraine, and destitute asylum seekers.
Please visit the CECF website’s donations page to make a donation to the Cambridge Refugee Hardship Fund.
You can find out more about the appeal on the CECF Facebook page.
A text donation service is also in place through Donr and anyone who would like to donate in this way can do so by texting the word REFUGEE to 70560.
Your donation will help provide vital assistance for mobile phone credit, emergency food, toiletries and other necessities for asylum seekers and refugees, including Afghans and Ukrainians as they arrive in Cambridge. | <urn:uuid:075bed62-bdc9-4633-b721-9fac8b101724> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cambridgelive.org.uk/city-events/news/2022-commemoration | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.964597 | 841 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Sharpening the Reform Vision
The Board of Education for the San Diego Unified School District (SDUSD) recently adopted Vision 2020 for Student Success, a long-range plan for improving performance and student outcomes.
One element of this plan is Support and Guidance from District Leadership, which describes the work of the district office as, “A central administration that facilitates the work of principals, teachers, and school communities.” The plan proposes to enact the vision though the Community-Based School Reform Model, which gives schools and school clusters the flexibility to establish their own instructional strategies. The district office will provide support and guidance, and maintain accountability.
This plan positions the central office, as both coach and cop, but for now lacks critical detail. As SDUSD and other districts continue to sharpen their reform focus and envision new roles for the central office, careful examination and significant retooling may need to take place.
Until recently much of the work on school reform focused on the school site as the unit of attention/intervention. Within the last decade or so, though, due in no small part to No Child Left Behind, a growing body of work both acknowledges and formally examines the role the district office can play in supporting site level reforms. This work emphasizes the importance of a system-wide approach to improvement with district and sites, reorienting organizational structures and processes to align with reform goals across the organization. Creating greater alignment and coherence around reform policy is more likely when district offices and school sites develop explicit, shared theories of action, provide opportunities for mutual ‘sense-making’ around instructional strategies, and commit to clear consistent communication.
Redefining the role of the central office requires more than merely reworking the organizational chart or engaging in ‘restructuring’. It will require a fundamental shift in the role of the central office towards direct support for learning and teaching. This is no easy task, especially for urban systems where often compliance and mandates rule. Schools in these districts are often passively disconnected, or worse, actively avoiding the district office, which may be viewed as more hindrance than help. If the district office has a key role to play in reform what kinds of changes need to take place?
First off, a clear, shared theory of action around learning must be established that guides the work, and provides the lens through which decisions and resources are allocated. In addition, while many district offices and schools are ‘data rich’ they are often ‘information poor’. Building the data literacy capacity of both the district office and sites as producers and consumers of data will be critical. Establishing processes for how evidence is examined, leveraged, and diffused across a system in support of reform efforts is a lynchpin in this work.
Given that schools and clusters will potentially be engaging in different context-specific efforts, and principals have differing capacities in terms of leading instructional reform, the district will need to target differentiated support to build the capacity of sites to do the work. Building capacity is often viewed as uni-directional, from district to site, but the capacity question is in fact much more complicated. It requires careful assessment, potential redistribution, and access to expertise both within and outside the district office, as well as in supporting individual schools.
Ultimately, as this work will require significant change in practices, the real question is who or what group at the central office will be taking responsibility for supporting principals in developing these practices that support outstanding instructional leadership?
The type of change proposed by SDUSD may be yet another in a long series of reforms unless careful attention is paid to the role of the district office. School reform does not result solely from formal technical plans, blueprints and compliance monitoring. Moving beyond regulatory relationships to more interdependent collaborative learning partnerships between the district office and sites is essential. The presence or lack of these relationships may well moderate, influence, and even determine the direction, speed, and depth of the reform effort.
Ensuring that SDUSD’s improvement vision is really 2020 demands that the district look at the problem through the right glasses. Lenses that myopically focus solely on the school as the unit of change miss the importance of the larger frame and the potential role of the district office in transforming a system. | <urn:uuid:685b1c3b-b73f-4951-9056-e23f8d736f81> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://edpolicyinca.org/newsroom/sharpening-reform-vision | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.950931 | 874 | 2.296875 | 2 |
Newswise — Most men in their 50s, who face an increasing risk of prostate cancer as they age, are familiar with the common screening exam known as the prostate specific antigen (PSA) test. But many are less familiar with how the test works and why different factors, such as prescription medications and infections, can influence the test results.
"The PSA test does not specifically check for prostate cancer itself, but rather for the presence of a molecule in the blood naturally made by the prostate," said Dr. Christopher Saigal, vice chair of urology at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA. "Too much of the molecule in the blood can be a sign that the patient has prostate cancer."
Here are common factors to be aware of that could change your PSA test results.
- Common medications: Certain medications can alter the amount of the PSA molecule produced by the prostate – and thus the results of a PSA test. The drug finasteride, for example, is prescribed under the brand name Proscar to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia, a condition commonly known as an enlarged prostate. Finasteride is also prescribed under the brand name Propecia to treat male pattern baldness, the most prevalent form of hair loss in men.
Saigal says that doctors administering a PSA test for patients taking finasteride will typically double the test results to achieve a comparable reading.
- Certain infections: Having a urinary tract infection or inflammation of the prostate gland, known as prostatitis, can each greatly raise your PSA level. A urine test can easily diagnose a urinary tract infection so that it can be ruled out as a factor affecting the PSA test.
- Sex and other physical activities: When a man ejaculates during sexual activity, PSA levels can be impacted, but only for around 24 hours. The effect is minimal and would likely only change the person's PSA level by under a point on the test (one nanogram per milliliter). Riding a bike for a long distance, which could put pressure on the prostate, has a similar effect on PSA levels.
It's important to remember that a PSA test alone isn't sufficient for a cancer diagnosis. Most men with an elevated PSA level – the equivalent of anywhere from 4 to 10 nanograms of PSA per milliliter of blood – don't have prostate cancer, Saigal says.
If any of these factors match your lifestyle, it's worth a conversation with your doctor as you prepare to take a PSA test.
Contact; Ryan Hatoum 310-267-8304 [email protected] | <urn:uuid:aec4682d-6081-4e94-814f-e13482e02fa0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.newswise.com/articles/some-factors-that-may-skew-your-psa-test-results | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.944442 | 540 | 2.671875 | 3 |
On Friday, the Trump Administration blocked Robert Redfield, director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), from testifying in front of Congress next week about the prospect of reopening schools during the ongoing coronavirus epidemic.
In a statement, an unnamed White House spokesperson said, “Dr. Redfield has testified on the Hill at least four times over the last three months. We need our doctors focused on the pandemic response.”
The move seems particularly alarming since the Trump Administration is pressuring schools nationwide to reopen in the fall even though coronavirus infections are much higher now than they were when schools first shut down.
In May, the Trump administration blocked the CDC from releasing a 17-page manual on helping schools re-open safely — CDC officials were told the guidelines would “never see the light of day.” Trump himself called it “not an acceptable answer” when infectious diseases expert Dr. Anthony Fauci said schools shouldn’t reopen in the fall.
Even though educators and teachers’ unions are worried about possible school outbreaks of COVID-19, and even though a recent study found nearly 70% of parents are worried about sending their kids back to school amid rising COVID-19 rates, Trump has said people only want to keep schools closed to hurt his re-election chances and has threatened to financially harm schools who don’t re-open.
His White House Press Secretary has even said that “science should not stand in the way” of schools reopening.
“It is alarming that the Trump administration is preventing the CDC from appearing before the committee at a time when its expertise and guidance is so critical to the health and safety of students, parents, and educators,” said Democratic Representative Bobby Scott of Virginia, the chairman of the House Education & Labor Committee who invited Redfield to testify.
“This lack of transparency does a great disservice to the many communities across the country facing difficult decisions about reopening schools this fall,” Scott added. | <urn:uuid:869a84f6-439e-4f4c-b132-449ebff3c2c9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.rawstory.com/2020/07/trump-blocks-cdc-head-from-talking-to-congress-about-the-dangers-of-reopening-schools/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.970479 | 418 | 1.671875 | 2 |
Maize crops withered in Texas this year in a season of record-breaking heat and drought. In the Texas High Plains region, crops struggled to survive on as little as one-tenth of the normal rainfall.
“Matter of fact, it may be the all-time driest year on record,” says Thomas Marek, an irrigation expert with Texas A&M University.
Experts warn that climate change is likely to threaten world food supplies as temperature extremes cut harvests of important food crops. Scientists are working to develop new varieties that are adapted to a changing climate.
So, while this was a terrible year for farmers, for Marek and his colleagues, it was just about perfect. At a research station an hour north of Amarillo, they work to prepare farmers for hotter, drier years ahead.
“It’s going to become more and more important," says Wenwei Xu, who leads the team’s maize breeding efforts. "Because, with climate change, cold places are getting colder, warm places are getting hotter. When it gets hot, you get drought.”
Hot weather and drought turn maize plants brown. That means the end of photosynthesis, which is how maize plants turn sunlight into starchy kernels.
But Xu’s colleague, Qingwu Xue, identified genes that help some tropical maize varieties stay green longer under these conditions.
“If they stay green longer, they can photosynthesize longer," says Xue. "Once they photosynthesize longer, they can fill their grain for a longer time.”
Plants that stay green longer produce bigger kernels in a drought year. The team mated maize with the stay-green genes with other high-producing varieties to find offspring with the best of both. They used traditional breeding rather than genetic engineering, which is more heavily regulated.
But finding that perfect maize variety is not an easy task.
“There’s no free rides in this," Marek says. "So, when you put a gene in or a characteristic in, you might take a little bit off the maximum production. But then, we don’t know what Mother Nature’s going to hold for that year.”
This year, when Mother Nature was not kind to conventional maize, stay-green varieties produced bigger ears with more kernels than those without the trait. It’s a promising step, but it will take more work before these drought-hardy seeds are available for farmers. When they are, the benefits will reach far beyond the United States, Xu says.
“Once we discover this drought-tolerant corn, this germplasm can be used throughout the world.”
And the world will need it as climate change makes it harder to feed a growing population. | <urn:uuid:71211e1e-b29c-4d98-9272-d7fc0ae463c7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.voanews.com/a/scientists-perfect-drought-tolerant-maize-for-hotter-future---134126378/163671.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00669.warc.gz | en | 0.943607 | 584 | 3.734375 | 4 |
Makale özeti ve diğer detaylar.
In today’s world, it is acknowledged by almost all folks of life that the traditional educational institutions are inadequate in educating the growing population. This situation has triggered research into finding ways to provide economical and of high quality education to wider masses of people. Currently, web based instruction seems to be the point that has been reached to meet such a demand. In web based instruction, students’ and tutors’ perspectives play an important role in the facilitation of successful outcomes. Moving on from that, the aim of this research is to investigate web based instruction in view of the tutors’ and students’ perspectives. In order to achieve such an aim, face-to-face interviews were carried out with 10 tutors from the e-MBA Master’s Degree Programme at Bilgi University, and with 10 students registered in the same programme. Nine semi-structured interview questions were used to investigate the participants’ perspectives on web based instruction and the interview data were analyzed accordingly. | <urn:uuid:0e10edc0-ce19-47f8-a629-8bf682e13ae2> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.acarindex.com/turkish-online-journal-of-distance-education/an-evaluation-of-web-based-instruction-in-view-of-the-tutors-and-students-perspectives-25344 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721595.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00477-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970213 | 220 | 1.992188 | 2 |
Spiders Are Weaving Some Incredible Masterpiece Webs In Old Orchard Beach
Let's face facts, most people would rather not get up close and personal with a spider. There's just something about spiders that leaves people feeling anxious. Those creepy, crawly web-spinning invertebrates doing their best to give you nightmares. But if you're willing to give spiders a chance, there's some true beauty in their work. And that beauty was on full display with some perfectly crafted spider webs in Old Orchard Beach.
Shared on Facebook by Javon Lashae Clark, take a look at some of these masterpiece webs spun by spiders in the "reclaim plains" area of Old Orchard Beach. Each of these stunning webs has its own unique characteristics, all with finite detail. It's almost like each spider was a homebuilder who had a few different must-haves when it came to their web home.
Most people never truly get to sick back and marvel at a spider's creation because, well, we're walking right through their web. Whether it's a basement, a shed, some dark and dank place you've stumbled into, most of the time we're cleaning spider webs off of our forehead rather than staring with astonishment at one of nature's true engineering feats.
Javon mentions in her Facebook post that she walks this area of Old Orchard Beach with her dog every day and had never stumbled across so many perfect spider webs before. So if you're not riddled with goosebumps from fear, there's a place in Maine where you can watch spiders work their magic. And you don't even have to get that close. | <urn:uuid:bcf4229b-8d13-47c9-9f7b-4f8017f4afba> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wokq.com/spiders-are-weaving-some-incredible-masterpiece-webs-in-old-orchard-beach/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.967883 | 338 | 1.640625 | 2 |
A 1-year hospital-wide program severely restricting all cephalosporin
use was associated with a significant decrease in the incidence of cephalosporin-resistant Klebsiella infection and colonization compared with the
prior year. But, report Rahal and colleaguesArticle, the increased use of imipenem-cilastin
during the study period was associated with an increase in incidence of imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In an editorial, BurkeArticle comments
that optimal antibiotic use based on individual patient information might
achieve heterogeneity of antibiotic use, reduce unnecessary use, and help
stabilize antibiotic resistance.
Olds and colleaguesArticle found that adolescents from high-risk families who
participated in a prenatal and early childhood nurse home visitation program
had a significantly lower incidence of serious antisocial behavior and substance
use in a 15-year follow-up study compared with adolescents from families who
received routine care. In an editorial, EarlsArticle discusses the effects of early
intervention on developmental pathways and policy considerations for intervention
In a 10-year retrospective study of more than 1000 autopsies, Burton
and colleaguesArticle found that malignancies were either undiagnosed or misdiagnosed
in 100 patients and were directly related to the immediate cause of death
in 57 of these patients. The 44% discordance rate between clinical and autopsy
diagnoses of malignancies is comparable to that in similar studies published
in 1923 and 1972. In an editorial emphasizing the importance of autopsies
for quality of care, LundbergArticle proposes, in response to a sharp decline in
autopsy rates, that Medicare participation and hospital accreditation be tied
to mandatory rates of autopsy examinations.
A computerized drug utilization review program at 13 mail-service pharmacy
sites designed to improve prescribing for elderly patients generated more
than 40,000 alerts for potentially inappropriate medications in 1 year. Monane
and colleagues report that pharmacists were able to contact about half of
the prescribing physicians by telephone following an alert. The rate of medication
change after telephone discussion was 24% compared with an expected 2% rate
In a mail survey of 4 US academic training programs, Christie and coworkers
found that over half of internal medicine residents who used prescription
medications during their residency reported prescribing medications for their
own use. Residents often obtained prescription medications from the drug sample
closet and occasionally from pharmaceutical company representatives.
In this Rational Clinical Examination article, Panju and colleagues
summarize the clinical and ECG findings most likely to be predictive of myocardial
infarction in patients with acute chest pain and highlight the importance
of identifying patients with ischemic cardiac conditions associated with a
high risk of complications.
". . . which nearly out-baroques the Baroque." Michiel van Musscher, Portrait of an Artist in Her Studio, c 1680-1685, Dutch.
US-funded AIDS research is intensifying vaccine efforts and prevention
studies. The new director of the Office of AIDS Research describes his priorities.
"Living with a disease on a daily basis cannot be learned from a textbook
or in a busy clinic." From "Call of the Loon."
An analysis of data from public opinion polls on tobacco regulation
explains in part the recent failure to pass comprehensive tobacco legislation
and identifies factors likely to improve the success of future legislation.
For your patients: Understanding antibiotic resistance.
This Week in JAMA. JAMA. 1998;280(14):1209. doi:10.1001/jama.280.14.1209 | <urn:uuid:05832fe0-5e98-4be2-8535-2fa4ef03aacc> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/188057 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718957.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00435-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.892787 | 756 | 1.710938 | 2 |
As interest in higher-capacity models grows in every sector of the air transport business from new turboprops to the largest twinjets, even some of the latest models are clearly losing out. But unlike in earlier cases, demand is weak for the smallest narrowbody variants—years before first deliveries.
The smallest members of theand single-aisle series have become the proverbial orphans of the family. Sandwiched between their larger-capacity brethren (top photo) and an emerging generation of purpose-designed small airliners (bottom photo), the and the 737 MAX 7 series also are competing for the first time in the same general size category with new products from China and Russia. But the most imminent competition is coming from 's .
More than two-and-a-half years after the NEO was launched—with stellar sales including 2,125 firm orders plus almost 800 options and other commitments—a mere 45 A319NEOs have been selected. The situation is even gloomier for the 737-7. Until May 15, it had not booked a single order since the MAX was launched in 2011. Following the decision byto convert 30 previously announced orders to the 737-7, the short-bodied model now accounts for only 2% of the 1,315 firm MAX orders as of late May.
Boeing is no stranger to the phenomenon, having seen orders for theoutstrip those for the 737-700 by more than three-to-one. As a natural replacement for trunk-route equipment such as the Boeing 727-200 and MD-80, the -800 has sold more than 4,220 compared with 1,450 for the -700. The omens also seem favorable for the identically sized 737-8 which has so far accumulated firm orders for 1,121, or 85% of the entire MAX orderbook.
The gradual change in preference for the larger models is illustrated by the fate of the 737-600 which was developed as the Next Generation version of the 737-500. Although the -500 sold moderately well, accumulating sales of 389, the unfortunate 737-600 managed a mere 69 orders and now appears to be no longer offered. The 737-600 was also aimed at the sales-challengedwhich, at the time of its development, also competed with the MD-95/Boeing 717. With even more options capable of competing directly with the 737-7, Boeing may be wondering if it is about to experience a repeat of the fate of the -600, albeit in a larger size category.
In the current-engine-option A320 family, the A320 has accumulated by far the most orders, roughly two-thirds of the total. Airbus has sold more A319s (1,477) than A321s (1,228) of the current-generation aircraft and with its total orderbook, the A319 has been a significant commercial success in its own right. But Airbus points out that market dynamics have changed dramatically over the past five years. Airlines have placed a much greater emphasis on unit costs and are moving away from the smallest members of the narrowbody families, which have naturally the highest unit cost in that market segment.
As far as Airbus is concerned, production is being adapted accordingly. It has provisions in place, mainly as far as its supply chain is concerned, to move production of the A321 up to 18 a month. That is almost half of the entire A320 output, which is now at 42 aircraft per month, and double the current capacity for the A321. A319 production continues, but its backlog is shrinking and now stands at only 109 aircraft in total (not counting the 45 A319NEOs). The supply chain has to be prepared to build parts for an unprecedented number of A321s even as Airbus prepares to roll over to the A321NEO. The manufacturer also must deal with rapidly declining rates for the A319. The A318, of which only 79 have been built, is not offered in the NEO version.
A similar trend is evident in most other parts of the market as well. Airbus first had serious trouble in marketing the-800, the smallest member of the A350 family, and now appears to be trying to shift -800 customers to the larger -900 and -1000. But some airlines believe the -800 is about all they can fill. Airbus had earlier shifted the design optimum to the -900, yet it is contractually obliged to build the aircraft and officially says the family will consist of three types.
Theinitially experienced stronger sales for the -200, but interest has now almost completely shifted to the larger -300. That trend has been supported by Airbus, which has given the aircraft major increases in its maximum takeoff weight and range.
The same is true for other manufacturers.-300ER (687 orders) has now surpassed the 777-200ER/LR (481) and that gap is expected to widen in the next few years. The (535) still leads the 787-9 (355), but the larger variant in the family is not even due to enter service until 2014. And there are some indications that even more airlines are seriously considering the -9. Boeing has also sold five times as many than -200ERs.
There are two noticeable exceptions: Of the 1,049 orders for the 757, only 55 were for the stretched. While the aircraft initially looked to be a possible solution for high-demand short-haul routes (and an Airbus A300/A310 replacement) airlines soon found out that turnaround times for the long single-aisle were insufficient. The aircraft is mainly used by charter carriers that, unlike scheduled airliners, can board and de-board through the front and the rear doors. And there were only 38 orders for the 767-400ER, which lacked the range to operate transatlantic routes from places beyond the U.S. East Coast.
Regional manufacturers have witnessed up-gauging trends, too.has seen customers for its E-Jet family shift from the smaller 170 and 175 models to the larger 190s and 195s. Bombardier has stretched the initial /200, a 50-seater, to become the 98-seat CRJ1000. And as far as the CSeries is concerned, airlines have ordered more CS300s (82) than CS100s (63). The CS300 can seat 160 people in a high-density layout; the CS100 is designed for 110 in a standard configuration.
So while the trend can be observed in almost every program, there is a difference between what is happening with the 737-7 and the A319NEO compared with previous cases: Airlines do not even start ordering the types. The discrepancy in demand is much sharper and exists from the very beginning. But the question is whether this is happening because airlines are moving to better alternatives (stretches of smaller aircraft that have been optimized for the size or new designs) or because market fundamentals are shifting more rapidly than in the past.
Many indications point to the latter. If there was a shift from one manufacturer to another, Canada-based Bombardier or newly emerging Comac from China would surely have noticed. But the CSeries is still stuck at a mere 145 firm orders only weeks before its first flight is expected. And a look at its client base shows that Bombardier has, so far, not succeeded in making inroads into the mainline carrier market. Comac has even fewer firm orders, 75, all of which are from Chinese airlines, and its offering appears to be several years away from entry into service.
While both Boeing and Airbus are recording more orders for the larger variants of their narrowbodies, they have not seriously considered stretching the airframes further. Both are invested in fitting more passengers into the 737-900 and the A321, respectively. Airbus recently announced plans to add an optional overwing exit to the A321 and move the third door backward so that the aircraft can accommodate 236 passengers—up from 220 currently—in a high-density layout.
Tap the icon in the digital edition of AW&ST for a look at how the flightline at this year's Paris air show will take on a new turn with the focus turning to sales of aircraft not yet in flight, or go to AviationWeek.com/video
|Sources: Company reports, Aviation Week Intelligence Network| | <urn:uuid:56f3a4d0-c78b-4b1d-9b05-0f39ec9eff31> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://aviationweek.com/print/awin/dim-outlook-smallest-single-aisles | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280825.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00199-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961972 | 1,713 | 1.507813 | 2 |
1 Answer | Add Yours
Wow! Excellent question!
It depends what you think the main themes of Lear are, but I'd point you in the direction of Sonnet 119. I can see several of the themes of "King Lear" reflected in the subject matter of the sonnet, and of course, the whole sonnet meditates on the nature of romantice love (the philosopher and critic Stanley Cavell thinks that "King Lear" is also all about love!).
For example, you might find in the sonnet's mention of mystical potions and "Siren's tears" a reflection of Gloucester's superstitious astrological beliefs in the eclipse and the portents in the sky.
Obviously, the nature of a madness which visits itself on the victim and then vanishes, leaving him unaware of it, is significant for Lear himself:
What wretched errors hath my heart committed,
Whilst it hath thought itself so blessed never!
And - this is the best bit! - there's even a mention of eyes pulled out of their sockets, a clear link with Gloucester's blinding:
How have mine eyes out of their spheres been fitted,
In the distraction of this madding fever!
If you're thinking about "King Lear" in relation to sex and madness, Sonnet 129 is the place to go, but Sonnet 140 also thinks about madness and its nature:
For, if I should despair, I should grow mad,
And in my madness might speak ill of thee;
Now this ill-wresting world is grown so bad,
Mad slanderers by mad ears believed be.
We’ve answered 319,199 questions. We can answer yours, too.Ask a question | <urn:uuid:6a6e63bb-bbf4-43f6-8268-8e156a42afa6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/there-any-particular-shakespeare-sonnets-that-46343 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280900.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00008-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.932855 | 357 | 2.421875 | 2 |
Autumn begins in 16 days, the traditional launch of “The Farmer’s Almanac.” I’ve noted its predictions in recent columns. Robert B. Thomas started “The Old Farmer’s Almanac.” In 1818, David Young began this almanac by extrapolating a combination of lunar cycles, planet positions and sunspot maximums to create a weather formula for sections of the United States. Clothed in secrecy, the forecast has been protected by a host of editors for 198 years. Current editor, Sondra Duncan, along with publisher Peter Geiger; protect the location and identity of reclusive weather soothsayer - Caleb Weatherby. In turn, Caleb reportedly protects the ago-old “formula” for six zones ranging from the Pacific to the Atlantic and the Great Lakes to the Gulf. | <urn:uuid:d88173a9-c262-477f-844c-d743587b38a5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/news/weather_traffic/article_8896a7e4-7471-5a74-b58d-8276617145b5.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280900.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00008-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.909744 | 177 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Light plays an important part in our lives. In the natural world, the soft twinkle of starlight and the warmth of moonbeams guide much of wildlife behaviour. Sea turtles live most of their lives out in the open sea and converge within 15kms around nesting sites for about two months during nesting periods. Beach fidelity is common among turtles, but not absolute, i.e. adult turtles try to reach the site where they were born to lay clutches of 30 – 170 eggs. They are typically guided to land by moonlight or the presence of light on the land itself, which acts as a beacon guiding the turtles to find higher ground where they can safely lay their eggs. According to locals, turtles have never been sighted at Kelating Beach. The Olive Ridley Turtle hatchlings recently discovered in front of Alila Villas Soori most likely hatched from a clutch laid by a turtle who was attracted by the lights of Alila Villas Soori.
Although in busy nesting sites some turtles lay their eggs by day, turtles mostly lay their eggs at night. Olive Ridley turtles can lay up to 3 clutches of as many as 80 eggs. The greatest danger for the eggs come from predators such as monitor lizards and crabs digging them out. Turtle eggs are also a sought-after delicacy by humans. The incubation period for Olive Ridley eggs is usually 45 to 51 days, but may extend to 70 days in poor weather conditions.
Eggs typically hatch at night. Hatchlings crawl out of the sand and become attracted by the sparkle of water at the sea’s edge. If there is artificial light around when they emerge from the nest, hatchlings may become confused and go the opposite direction. Some nests become covered by vegetation during the incubation period, and some hatchlings get trapped in the undergrowth. Large pieces of debris such as driftwood also hinder their path into the sea. The journey from the nest to the sea is the most dangerous period in a turtle’s life. Their shells are still very soft, and if they are still on land by day, they are in danger of being eaten by Seagulls and other predators. They also only have a small reserve of strength within their small bodies to reach the sea before they must forage and fend off sea predators for themselves. Once turtles mature into adolescence and their shells harden, they have few predators other than sharks and killer whales.
The Olive Ridley is the smallest surviving species of sea turtle, with an average adult carapace length of 60 to 70cm. Hatchlings have a carapace length ranging from 37-50mm, are dark gray with a pale yolk scar. They live in tropical and warm waters of the Pacific and India Oceans from India, Arabia, Japan, and Micronesia south to southern Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. In the Atlantic Ocean, they have been observed off the western coast of Africa and the coasts of northern Brazil, Suriname, Guyana, French Guiana, and Venezuela.
While it is considered the most abundant species, globally Olive Ridley numbers have declined by more than 30% from historic levels. These turtles are considered endangered because few nesting sites remain in the world. Historically, the Olive Ridley has been exploited for food, bait, oil, leather, and fertilizer. The meat is not popular in most parts of the world, but in Bali it is treated as a delicacy. Egg collection is illegal in most of the countries where Olive Ridleys nest, but these laws are rarely enforced.
Turtles are endangered in Indonesia. In Bali, they are on the brink of extinction because of their cultural use in sacrifice ceremonies. They are also considered a delicacy in some coastal villages such as Sanur and Serangan. Of late the illegal turtle trade has been supplied from the islands of East Nusa Tenggara and sightings of turtles in Bali’s waters are becoming more and more rare.
As part of our commitment to the environment, Alila Villas Soori will include protocols in our Environmental Management System to protect this area as a turtle nesting site in the future, should other turtles become attracted by the bright lights of Soori, or should the hatchlings attempt to return to lay their eggs here in the future. This would include training to staff to identify turtle tracks on the beach, protective measures for nests, and procedures to ensure that most hatchlings survive in reaching the open sea. We will also communicate with the local turtle hatchery and nursery in Serangan for the possibility of raising the eggs and/or hatchlings to adolescence to increase their survival rate. | <urn:uuid:93a581eb-73a5-4c36-979a-12e2451d592d> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.blogalila.com/oliveridleyturtle/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721595.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00477-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967627 | 943 | 3.671875 | 4 |
founder and editor-in-chief of WikiLeaks.
WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange sits down with Democracy Now! inside the Ecuadorean Embassy in London, where he has been living in political asylum for over two years. Assange explains his critique of First Look Media and The Intercept for agreeing not to name a country targeted by bulk National Security Agency spying, following U.S. government concerns that doing so could lead to increased violence. Assange and WikiLeaks went on to reveal the targeted country, Afghanistan, which along with the Bahamas had all of its cellphone calls recorded. "That is as great an assault to sovereignty as you can imagine, other than completely militarily occupying a country, to record the intimate phone calls of every single Afghan citizen," Assange says. "My perspective is, [this is] up to the Afghan people." Assange also gives an overview of the close to eight million documents WikiLeaks has released since 2007 about nearly every country in the world; details how WikiLeaks helped Edward Snowden evade U.S. arrest and find political asylum in Russia; and addresses his prospects for ever being able to leave the Ecuadorean Embassy without fear of arrest.
Click here to watch part one of this interview.
AMY GOODMAN: We return to our interview with WikiLeaks founder and publisher Julian Assange from inside Ecuador’s Embassy in London, where he has political asylum and has been living for more than two years.
AMY GOODMAN: In a nutshell, Julian, if you would, can you summarize the releases of documents since the "Collateral Murder" video was released in the spring of 2010? For people who aren’t keeping up on things, and even if you are an avid viewer of the media or reader of the media, especially in the United States, they may know who Julian Assange is, the publisher of WikiLeaks, but actually what it is you have released, the substance of these documents, could you just go through them?
JULIAN ASSANGE: WikiLeaks has been publishing since 2007. We have published material from every country—almost every country in the world and about every country in the world. We are now up to just over eight million individual documents that we have released during that period. Now, the heat in the debate with the United States arose in 2010. We have had heated debates with other countries, and we’ve had major court cases in the United States in relation to our fight with Swiss banks and so on. In 2010, the number of documents and publications that we were releasing, each one after another, ended up erecting a grand jury against us by the DOJ, National Security Division. And so, we entered into a major media conflict with the U.S. government.
So, going in order, they are "Collateral Murder," a documentary that we produced based on the tape from an Apache helicopter mowing down 12 to 18 people in Baghdad, including two Reuters journalists, and very clearly engaged in the murder. And the murder was an unarmed man, wounded, crawling in the gutter, and good Samaritans came to rescue him, and all of them were killed, and two children came away with serious injuries.
Then the Afghanistan War Logs, now, these came at a very important moment in 2010, where Michael Hastings had just—the late Michael Hastings had just released a report on McChrystal, and these publications came not long after that.
AMY GOODMAN: This is the Rolling Stone journalist who died in a car crash.
JULIAN ASSANGE: Rolling Stone journalist who died in a car crash. And that shifted the debate about Afghanistan. Early in 2010, it was: What can we do to win in Afghanistan? After the Hastings article about McChrystal and WikiLeaks’ war logs, the result was: There was no longer a debate about can we win in Afghanistan; it is how were we going to get out of Afghanistan. So it was quite an important shift.
Then, with the Iraq War Logs, which were published in October 2010, which in some ways has been one of our best analytical works, we worked together with not just other media organizations, but a number of statistical organizations to work out what the kill count was for Iraq, and combining with other figures, and we ended up with more than 100,000 civilian casualties—in fact, 15,000 new, completely undocumented civilian kills—and documenting U.S. involvement and approval of Iraqi torture centers within the police and many killings of civilians at checkpoints and some political issues and so on. And that produced a number of inquiries and has fed into cases that have been taken by Iraqis, and that has now ended up with an ICC filing, International Criminal Court filing, against the British military.
If we then move on, in December of that year, we started the release of Cablegate, the more than 251,000 U.S. diplomatic cables from all around the world from 1966 to 2010. And that is the largest compendium of diplomacy that has ever been released. It’s about 3,000 volumes of material. As a sort of history of how the modern world behaves in practice, it’s extremely important, and it fed into the Tunisian revolution quite directly. In fact, Ben Ali’s propaganda minister, after the government fell, said that the WikiLeaks releases about Tunisia is what broke the back of the Ben Ali system.
AMY GOODMAN: Because?
JULIAN ASSANGE: Well, because it exposed the corruption that many Tunisians knew about, but in a much more flagrant form of what money had gone where and people keeping pet tigers and so on, but also that there was various kinds of debates about it, and within the United States and from others, and that when push came to shove the U.S. would probably back the military and not Ben Ali. And it was undeniable. So it wasn’t just the Tunisian activists alleging this; it was a U.S. ambassador writing back to Washington, for several years, you know, that the U.S. had kind of let it gone on, but documenting what had gone on. And that then made its way into Europe and affected the French support for Ben Ali, and the Tunisians became—Tunisian activists again confident. And then, two weeks—20 days later, Mohamed Bouazizi set himself on fire, and then he became the personified symbol of all the problems, and then it properly kicked off. But anyway, the propaganda minister and some others say this is what broke the back of the Ben Ali system.
And those cables are really quite incredibly important. They have gone into literally dozens of court cases. They have released people from prison. People have been released from prison holding these cables above their head as the reason that they had been released from prison. The El-Masri case, where the CIA kidnapped a German citizen unlawfully, renditioned him and kept him in a CIA black site for four months, it was a case of mistaken identity. He wasn’t even an alleged terrorist. He just happened to have the same name. And they then dumped him in eastern Europe, later on, on the side of the road, no explanation given, to try and make it look—you know, to give him no evidence to take a case. And he did try and take cases in the United States. And this is something relevant, perhaps, what would happen to Edward Snowden in the United States. He was not able to get anywhere because the U.S. government activated state secrets privilege, said all the things that the CIA had done to him were secrets, and they would not be revealing anything at all. He met a complete dead end. Then, as a result of the release of the diplomatic cables, which spoke about what the United States had done with Macedonia, where he was taken from when he tried to enter into Macedonia, he was able to take a case against Macedonia at the—within Europe and to the European Court of Human Rights, and eventually won. And there were six cables cited in the judgment, you know, showing that it actually happened.
Similar cases in Spain, and an important precedent was set about the use of our materials in court cases generally, specifically cables. So, this relates to Chagos islands. So there’s an island group called Diego Garcia in the Indian Ocean. It’s owned by the British. It is very important strategically because it’s sort of on the way between things. Now, the British handed over, rent-free, one of these islands, Chagos, to the United States military.
AMY GOODMAN: C-H-A-G-O-S.
JULIAN ASSANGE: Yeah, to the United States military. And it has been now turned into a base, and rendition flights go through there and so on. But there was original inhabitants. At the time it was handed over to the United States in the '60s, the original inhabitants were pushed off. And they were all pushed off to Mauritius and Madagascar, and they had been trying to fight a court case to come back. And some cables revealed that in fact the British government had told the U.S. it was setting up a secret plan to make it very difficult or impossible for them to come back. It was going to declare—you know, it was going to suck in the Liberal Left. And here's how it was going to do it. Create a marine park. It’s a coral atoll, the Chagos islands. Going to create a marine park. Well, what was the economy of the Chagos islands? It was fishing. So this is explicitly that they’re going to prevent the Chagos islanders having any meaningful economic return to the island by creating this marine park, which all the Liberals will love. And that way, you know, these islanders won’t be able to interfere or spy on the U.S. base.
Anyway, that provoked new litigation by the Chagos islanders in the British courts. And ultimately, the lower courts found that the cables were inadmissible, because they had come from embassies, and there’s a Vienna Convention, the same thing that is protecting me here that protects diplomatic correspondence. But in a higher court, it was appealed, and it was found that’s not true. Actually, diplomatic cables published by WikiLeaks are not protected by the Vienna Convention. They’re already public. It’s the first instance of getting them out that’s protected, not what happens to them subsequently. So that’s quite an important precedent within the common law world, because it means these cables can be used in many more court cases.
AMY GOODMAN: The charge, Julian Assange, that you endanger lives when you release the unredacted documents that you do?
JULIAN ASSANGE: Completely false. And it’s not just me who’s saying that. It’s Associated Press, who did an extensive review. It is the U.S. government itself, in the Bradley Manning case, under oath. Under oath, the head of the person who was responsible for investigating whether anyone had come to physical harm said under oath that they couldn’t find a single person who had been killed or physically harmed as a result.
AMY GOODMAN: You’re talking about retired Brigadier General Robert Carr. He had a kind of war room dealing with the release of the WikiLeaks documents, is that right, back to 2010?
JULIAN ASSANGE: That’s right. Robert Carr in the Pentagon started up what they called a WikiLeaks war room, which had more than 150 people in it—DIA, Defense Intelligence Agency, and FBI and others—involved in trying to understand what we were going to publish, what we had and what the effects were. And a lot of money was spent trying to check us in different ways. And the result of all that expenditure and understanding, and then the attempt to build up the Bradley Manning prosecution and to denounce our publishing efforts, which we had revealed that the U.S. military—documenting the deaths of more than 100,000 people in Iraq and Afghanistan, they found that zero people had been physically harmed by our publication.
AMY GOODMAN: Julian Assange, you just recently had a Twitter battle with Glenn Greenwald. It might have surprised some. You know, the whole Intercept, the new online publication, releasing information based on Edward Snowden’s documents around the NSA spying on whole countries. You felt that they should name the countries, not withhold any names. Explain what that was about.
JULIAN ASSANGE: Well, I have a lot of respect for Glenn. Glenn has defended WikiLeaks from the attack by the U.S. grand jury over a long period of time. And he’s been very brave in the Edward Snowden publications, and, you know, quite forthright. He left The Guardian, in part because of that reason, because The Guardian was censoring the material that he was trying to publish. But he entered into First Look. And unfortunately, First Look is not just Glenn. First Look is actually the big power. All the money and organization comes from Pierre Omidyar. And Pierre Omidyar is one of the founders—is the founder of eBay and owns PayPal and goes to the White House several times each year, has extensive connections with Soros, and can broadly be described as an extreme liberal centrist. So, he has quite a different view about what journalism entails. For example, he has said this year, and also in 2009, that if someone gave him a leak from a commercial organization, not from the government, then he would feel it was his duty to tell the police. So that’s a very different type of journalism standard that comes from Pierre Omidyar. And unfortunately, some of that, or perhaps a significant amount of it, has gone into First Look and created some constraints there.
And that was seen most—seen most disturbingly when First Look knew from the Edward Snowden documents that all of Afghanistan was having its telephone calls recorded. The National Security Agency had corruptly installed mass surveillance inside Afghan telcos, saying to the Afghan government that they were doing—installing this monitoring just going after drug dealers, not mass surveillance but targeted surveillance after Afghan opium dealers, and in fact they were recording the phone calls of every single Afghan. And that’s as great an assault to sovereignty as you can imagine, other than completely militarily occupying a country, to record the intimate phone calls of every single Afghan citizen. And Afghanistan, as a country, and its people have the right to choose their own destiny, knowing what is actually happening to them. And First Look decided that they would censor the fact that Afghanistan was having all its telephone calls recorded.
AMY GOODMAN: They did say that the Bahamas were.
JULIAN ASSANGE: Yeah.
AMY GOODMAN: But they said that they feared—they accepted the argument of the U.S. government that people could die as a result of revealing what was happening, or would be threatened as a result of what happened, as what’s happening in Afghanistan.
JULIAN ASSANGE: Well, they were a bit mealymouthed with the original disclosure. Initially, they just said, "We’re not revealing it, and the reason we’re not revealing it is credible reports that it could lead to an increase of violence." So, structured as a kind of political statement that, well, if Afghanis found out about this, maybe they would riot or something.
But we can take this from a number of different lines. My perspective is, that’s up to the Afghan people, just like it was in relation to the Arab Spring. If, knowing their environment and what is happening to their environment, they want to elect a new government, they want to roll the government, they want to expel people, that is a matter for that culture. It’s a matter of sovereignty of how that country chooses to manage it itself. It’s not a matter for other people to prevent a country from managing itself.
But we can also look at just what is the reality. The U.S. government always says this kind of thing. We have seen it for years and years, and it’s always been baloney. Let’s look at it. They have known for a year that Snowden has had that material. They have known specifically in relation to the country X was Afghanistan—they’ve known that for several weeks, because First Look had in fact had contacted the U.S. government and were dealing with them. So, if they had specific concerns about people in the U.S. Embassy or something like that, there’s plenty of time to have them removed. And then we also gave 72 hours’ warning that we would be publishing it.
AMY GOODMAN: That’s WikiLeaks founder and editor Julian Assange. We’ll be back to our conversation in the Ecuadorean Embassy in London in a minute.
AMY GOODMAN: This is Democracy Now!, democracynow.org, The War and Peace Report. I’m Amy Goodman, as we return to our interview inside Ecuador’s Embassy in London with WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange, where he has political asylum and has been living for more than two years.
AMY GOODMAN: I still want to get back to the issue of how it is that you, who are wanted by the most powerful country on Earth, the United States, are able, inside this embassy, under total global surveillance, to help the other most hunted person in the world, Edward Snowden, to get beyond the grasp of the United States.
JULIAN ASSANGE: It’s a bit absurd, if we pull back and try and look at it objectively. Where were all the other organizations? All these human rights groups, legal organizations, where were they in the—even refugee organizations—in this difficult situation that had to be done in Hong Kong? Very many meaning—you know, well-meaning organizations, certainly more well funded, The Guardian newspaper and The Washington Post were meant to be, you know, helping Snowden as a source, having an obligation to do that, and yet all of them felt, for one reason or another—fear, lack of ability—that they couldn’t do it, and we were forced into a position that we had to do it.
And, OK, so, yes, we do have some specific experience. So, we have specific experience in dealing with sources who are under very adverse situations trying to communicate securely. And I think that is an important lesson, that, actually, the organization—an organization that specializes in defeating surveillance for national security cases was the organization that was able to do this. Yes, we had some diplomatic contacts, and we certainly had the will and the desire to not see another Chelsea Manning. But I think a lot of it—we couldn’t have done that if we hadn’t specialized in these secure communications techniques for so long. How could we possibly coordinate as an organization, when the other organization, the opposing organization, was the National Security Agency, without—with about a thousand times more employees and a budget 10,000 times the size? I think it’s because we had specialized in communicating in a secure manner.
AMY GOODMAN: And so, how do you give—
JULIAN ASSANGE: So that tells you about, what about all those people who—which is nearly everyone—who don’t specialize in communicating in a secure manner? They can’t do that. Aha! Now you see the problem with mass surveillance. Now you see that there’s all sorts of things that can’t be done anymore because of mass surveillance. And, OK, we’re able to do it because we’re specialists, but only because we’re specialists.
AMY GOODMAN: So how do people protect themselves?
JULIAN ASSANGE: Well, you can’t become a specialist unless you want to do that full-time and spend years and years doing it. That is the reality that we’re in right now. Fortunately, the National Security Agency stories have produced an understanding in people that they are being surveilled, and that’s created a demand, and as a result of that demand, various nonprofit organizations and commercial organizations are starting up to create technology that people can communicate with securely. But it’s still very hard to understand this technology. So, who’s actually behind the company? What jurisdiction is it? Are they—can they be bribed? The National Security Agency spends $350 million per year bribing manufacturers of cryptography or otherwise compromising through direct interaction their cryptography. So, I think it is quite difficult.
And in some ways, until new technology is more developed—there’s some good things like Tor and Telegram Messenger, perhaps, but until it is more developed and better understood, then people need to go back to the old ways. And, you know, I joke that, suddenly, Cuban intelligence, which a lot of people in the intelligence industry had considered like stuck in the '60s and hadn't made any real advances in a long time—suddenly, that’s a great thing. You know, like how is it that Cuba has survived even though you’ve got this mass surveillance and so on? Well, because they are stuck in these old ways of writing codes on paper and so on.
But we also do that. We use a collection of very old techniques that are completely non-electronic, as well as, you know, some sort of sophisticated, modern electronic techniques, because the reality is that a lot of the electronic communication—electronic communication revolves on so many elements—so, the people who manufacture the chips for the computers that you’re using, the radiation that’s being given off by the computers, the security programs that are installed, the operating system. There are so many different elements. And you only need to compromise one. So, in order to communicate securely for an organization like WikiLeaks, one needs to have many different systems that are independent and won’t fail just because one failed.
But the question, not for individuals, but for society, is not about can I, as an individual, protect myself if the National Security Agency is after me and wants to spend a serious amount of money; the question, as a society, is how to stop society being dominated by a faction that already has very significant power and its allies. That’s the question for a society, including international society. And the answer to that is that one simply has to increase the cost of each—of surveilling each person. At the moment, it’s something like—it’s under 20 cents per person per day at the moment to surveil each person. You think, surely, that’s a lot of money, like if you add up billions of people. Yeah, it is a lot of money. And in fact, that lot of money is spent. There’s $50 [million], $60 million a year is actually spent doing that. And if you think about—there’s about 1.6 billion people who have access to the Internet and operate and communicate across it, OK, National Security Agency and its allies can encompass those people for under 20 cents a day. But if we are able to introduce standards—and nations can do this. Brazil could mandate that all communications with Germany are mandated to use a certain cryptographic standard, so they would only flow to the United States from South America, up to the United States, across to Asia and so on, to get to Europe. Brazil could mandate that there must be securing of those cables and those communications flows. So if we can increase the cost of mass surveillance to where it’s something like $3,000 per person, when you want to go after them, you can only go after individuals, you can’t go after entire continents. Then we will be back to a more healthier situation, something like we were in maybe in the 1970s in terms of mass surveillance.
AMY GOODMAN: As we are here holed up in the Ecuadorean Embassy in London, and I was just thinking, as we heard a siren outside, are you concerned about your own personal safety here? I mean, you’ve been here for two years. Your both personal physical safety and your mental health, being holed up here?
JULIAN ASSANGE: It’s a difficult physical environment. The U.N. minimum standard for prisoners is one hour outside of work or exercise per day. There is no outside. There is no sun. It is a difficult physical environment. On the other hand, I do have good friends and good staff and the staff of the embassy. So, yeah, so I continue on. There is a question, I suppose, how long can one do this sort of thing. And I think the answer is, well, you can do it for quite a long time. It just means you’ve got to be more diligent about what you’re going through. Let’s not forget that Bradley Manning was even in an even worse situation for a period of time in Quantico, Virginia. He managed to get through it. And I will also manage to get through this.
AMY GOODMAN: Do you think you’re ever going to get out of here?
JULIAN ASSANGE: I think so. I think if we look at the political trajectory here in the U.K., where they’ve realized extradition without charge is a dangerous thing to expose the population to, and they’ve changed the law; in the United States, we see this call by 54 different groups, including conservative groups like Human Rights Watch, calling for the U.S. pending prosecution to be dropped; and that we see 59 human rights groups complaining and legal groups complaining to the U.N. in a formal way about Sweden’s involvement in this case; and debates in Sweden saying—you know, questioning what has gone on. So, I’m quite confident, bar some—bar a strange war appearing somewhere, that the political progress is positive and even inevitable. The U.K. government has now spent 6.7 million pounds, nearly $11 million, just on the police encirclement alone over two years. People in the U.K. also are looking at that and going, "How can this be? This is completely, utterly strange and disproportionate to spend that amount of money on someone who hasn’t even been charged."
AMY GOODMAN: That’s in the case of Sweden. But even if that inquiry goes away, if Sweden decides to end their investigation of you, you’ve got the U.S. government in this ongoing investigation. And if you’re charged there, even if you leave here, the possibility that you’ll never know freedom again.
JULIAN ASSANGE: The particular legal circumstance is that the U.S. government can issue a sealed extradition request, which the British government will keep sealed, so we won’t necessarily know when that happens or if it has happened. They can also phone in a preliminary extradition demand and send the paperwork within 40 days. So, it is necessary to deal with the U.S. case before I can leave the embassy, and also the counterterrorism investigation here and the Snowden grand jury. There’s quite a lot of different things to deal with. But I think we have to remember, in the end, all these cases are political, right? There’s geopolitical forces pushing them to continue and inflaming them and bringing prestige into the equation. And so, because the political situation is changing in a favorable manner, I think the legal situation, which we’re OK on in terms of the actual law, will start to crystallize in a way that’s favorable.
AMY GOODMAN: Julian Assange, you mentioned the toll this has taken on your family. What has been the cost to your family, to your parents, to your children?
JULIAN ASSANGE: The security situation has been difficult for my family. I am used to dealing with difficult security situations, but my family is not used to dealing with difficult security situations. And various groups in the United States made threats towards my family, including one threat publicly calling for the killing of some of my children in order to get at me.
AMY GOODMAN: You have how many children?
JULIAN ASSANGE: I don’t want to say precisely, because of that risk. So my children have had to move; in one case, change the name that they were using, the same as my mother, etc. So that’s a result of the security situation. And then there’s also—there’s an issue as to whether I can be pressured in certain ways as a result of my family. So can people pressure you. So, that produces a situation where it is quite difficult to see your family, if they’re trying to be undercover and there is surveillance all around the embassy and there’s press all around the embassy.
AMY GOODMAN: You entered the embassy when you were 40 years old. On July 3rd, just a few days ago, you celebrated your 43rd birthday, your third birthday inside the embassy. Where will you be for your next birthday?
JULIAN ASSANGE: That’s a good question. I could still be here. I think the developments are such that if you look at kind of the direction of the—direction of how the politics is going, the U.S. primaries will start in about a year’s time. The Obama administration is starting to consider what its legacy is going to be in the liberal Democrat area of things. There’s an election next year here in the United Kingdom. There’s an election in September in Sweden, which will take their country from center-right to center-left, may not improve things much, in the same way that going from—well, I’m not sure what you call the Obama administration, but going from Democrat to Democrat, if Hillary gets in, may not change things very much in the United States. But this political trajectory, I think, is creating a situation where we can more effectively use the law, you know, that there’s not so much pressures on—not so much pressure on the courts to find one way—not so much pressure on the court system. And so I think it’s getting to a stage where it’s able to act in a more neutral manner.
AMY GOODMAN: If the Swedish government guaranteed that you would not be extradited to the United States, would you agree to go to Sweden for questioning?
JULIAN ASSANGE: That’s what we’ve been asking for four years now. But it’s not just me that’s been asking for it. The Ecuadorean government, as a state, it has obligations to protect someone that they’ve formally granted asylum, has asked the U.K., "Can you guarantee Mr. Assange will not be extradited to the United States?" And it’s also asked Sweden, "Can you guarantee Mr. Assange will not be extradited to the United States?" Not for anything, not a blanket guarantee, but in relation to our publications. And both governments have said no, that they refuse to do that.
AMY GOODMAN: Julian Assange, thanks so much for agreeing to this interview.
JULIAN ASSANGE: You’re most welcome, Amy. Thank you.
AMY GOODMAN: WikiLeaks founder and editor Julian Assange. I interviewed him inside the Ecuadorean Embassy in London this past weekend. To see the first hour of our TV/radio global exclusive, go to democracynow.org. Special thanks to Mike Burke, John Hamilton and Denis Moynihan.
A fond farewell to our treasured fellows, Charina Nadura and Cassandra Lizaire. We wish you the very best for your oh-so-promising futures. | <urn:uuid:5d4b72f6-3dca-47d7-beda-b02c59b3e015> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.democracynow.org/2014/7/9/julian_assange_on_aiding_snowden_tiff | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719468.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00528-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973783 | 6,698 | 1.65625 | 2 |
- Explore community
Observed: 13th October 2009 By: ranon.2011
Added: 21st August 2011
This small raptor, about the size of a large wood pigeon, had been around for two years (2008 & 2009) usually from Late August through November and always used this small tree as a perch, but could be seen flying along the cliffs hunting for food. At the time a 200mm lense was all I had and could not get a closer view. | <urn:uuid:6118ff1d-1913-49b1-820e-a9a144778bef> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ispotnature.org/node/204158 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00274-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.982885 | 99 | 1.726563 | 2 |
Architectural Photography: InteriorSue Murray
This course runs at the same time every week over five weeks
Experienced lecturer and interior architectural photographer Sue Murray will help develop your technical skills, creative eye and methodological approach to interior Architecture photography.
This course is a comprehensive introduction to Interior Architecture Photography, you will learn to work to a brief within different genres of interior photography and gain hands on experience, through location shoots.
You will learn the essentials of interior architectural photography and begin to develop a portfolio of images that covers the variety of interior photography from Architecture and Interior Design to Real Estate and Retail.
Prerequisites & Requirements
- Camera Craft 2, or relevant experience
- Bring your own DSLR or MILC camera (please check your camera is in working order, batteries are charged and contains a memory card)
- Note book and pen
- Bring a portfolio or examples of your architectural photography. If you don't have anything to show at this stage that is fine.
Locations will be emailed directly to participants
*Please note this course requires student travel to alternative venues for shoots.
Image © Sue Murray, 2015. | <urn:uuid:e8b787d4-2973-4046-9de0-081d96a8943f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://acp.org.au/products/architectural-photography-interior | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00422-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.904912 | 230 | 1.734375 | 2 |
How to Buy
This script is Copyright (C) 2013-2016 Tenable Network Security, Inc.
The remote Oracle Linux host is missing one or more security updates.
From Red Hat Security Advisory 2008:0538 :
Updated openoffice.org packages to correct two security issues are now
available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 and 4.
This update has been rated as having important security impact by the
Red Hat Security Response Team.
OpenOffice.org is an office productivity suite that includes desktop
applications such as a word processor, spreadsheet, presentation
manager, formula editor, and drawing program.
Sean Larsson found a heap overflow flaw in the OpenOffice memory
allocator. If a carefully crafted file was opened by a victim, an
attacker could use the flaw to crash OpenOffice.org or, possibly,
execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2008-2152)
It was discovered that certain libraries in the Red Hat Enterprise
Linux 3 and 4 openoffice.org packages had an insecure relative RPATH
(runtime library search path) set in the ELF (Executable and Linking
Format) header. A local user able to convince another user to run
OpenOffice in an attacker-controlled directory, could run arbitrary
code with the privileges of the victim. (CVE-2008-2366)
All users of openoffice.org are advised to upgrade to these updated
packages, which contain backported fixes which correct these issues.
See also :
Update the affected openoffice.org packages.
Risk factor :
High / CVSS Base Score : 9.3
Family: Oracle Linux Local Security Checks
Nessus Plugin ID: 67710 ()
CVE ID: CVE-2008-2152CVE-2008-2366
Nessus Professional: Scan unlimited IPs, run compliance checks & moreNessus Cloud: The power of Nessus for teams – from the cloud
The cookie settings on this website are set to 'allow all cookies' to give you the very best website experience. If you continue without changing these settings, you consent to this - but if you want, you can opt out of all cookies by clicking below. | <urn:uuid:45cd2759-25e8-4787-b785-d0b11668ea61> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.tenable.com/plugins/index.php?view=single&id=67710 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00406-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.861805 | 456 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Weight loss is something that many people battle with, but it doesn’t have to be difficult. Experts advise developing a healthy eating plan and sticking to a focused exercise regime. Figuring out how to add this all into our daily lives is the challenging part. However, so here are a few tips that can help.
Make sure to track how many calories you are taking in. Because you will be keeping track of everything you eat, you won’t eat as much and you will make healthier food choices. While exercise is important, eating a healthy diet is the number one way to reduce your weight and keep it off.
Make realistic goals to avoid setting yourself up for failure. One of the things that can sabotage a diet is the thought that you are going to lose all the weight in a short amount of time. It probably took quite some time to put on the weight, and it’s going to take some time to work it off. When people don’t set a goal, they tend to give up and go back to old ways. By setting a achievable goal, you’ll keep yourself encouraged for the long haul.
Treating yourself can actually be an important part of any weight loss diet. Making hard and fast rules about food, such as telling yourself that you’ll never eat chocolate cake ever again, can actually make you obsess about food. This leads to stress and overeating, both of which can ruin your weight loss plan. Try to give yourself a small treat everyday, or a slightly larger one at the end of the week for making your goals.
In closing, losing weight is a battle that many people face, but it doesn’t have to be such a difficult struggle. By following the tips offered in this article, you too can develop a healthy eating plan and incorporate physical fitness into your daily life. Sticking to this plan long term will help you to find success and meet your weight-loss goals. | <urn:uuid:c77e760a-846c-419b-83e0-019b9f6f1aed> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.fixweight.com/fix-weight/a-quick-guide-for-reaching-your-weight-loss-goals/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00493-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974986 | 401 | 1.929688 | 2 |
ERIC Number: ED034111
Record Type: Non-Journal
Publication Date: 1968
Reference Count: N/A
A Conceptual Scheme for an Adaptation of Participation Training in Adult Education for Use in the Three Love Movement of Japan.
Kamitsuka, Arthur Jun
This study concentrated on developing a conceptual scheme for adapting participation training, an adult education approach based on democratic concepts and practices, to the Three Love Movement (Love of God, Love of Soil, Love of Man) in Japan. (This Movement is an outgrowth of Protestant folk schools.) While democratization is an aim, the Movement also reflects social relationships within a hierarchial social system, group decisions, responsibility, loyalty, and solidarity rather than individual action and responsibility, conforming for the sake of unity, and being taught what to think rather than how. An examination of participation training, especially the two basic structural elements of voluntary leadership roles and learning tasks, and the concepts of participation, participants as individuals, and participants as group members, led to the conclusion that the Three Love Movement could adapt this form of adult learning as an educational program for Japan's democratic reconstruction. Tasks essential in introducing, organizing, activating, expanding, applying, and evaluating programs were set forth. (A historical review of Japanese education, 1868-1945 and post war, is included.) (author/ly)
Descriptors: Cultural Influences, Democratic Values, Doctoral Dissertations, Educational Objectives, Group Discussion, History, Investigations, Participation, Social Change, Social Values, Training
University Microfilms, 300 N. Zeeb Rd., Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48106 (Order No. 69-4762, MF $3.95, Xerography $13.95)
Publication Type: N/A
Education Level: N/A
Authoring Institution: Indiana Univ., Bloomington.
Identifiers - Location: Japan | <urn:uuid:bdf0447d-06cd-49c2-90c1-9053442fca30> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED034111 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00549-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.892303 | 394 | 1.570313 | 2 |
New York: 1995. First edition. Paperback in very good condition. Item #10611
Twentieth anniversary issue; Contains "Divine and Human Lovers" - A Photographic Gallery, "Between Heaven and Earth: An interview with Jacob Needleman" - The connection between humanity and a higher level, "The Five-fold Sacrament" by Indra Sinha - Tantra and erotic communion, "Desire and Illusion: Two Stories from Ancient India" by Wendy Doniger - How eros creates illusion, "That Other Loveliness" by Harriet Eisman - The story of Eros and Psyche, "Dionysos: The Masks of Madness" by Robert Luyster - Worshipping an erotic god, "Culture of the Heart" by Christopher Bamford - The Troubadours' teachings, "The Love of God, the Love of Man" by Franz Rosenzweig - Who can command love?, "Ficino's Garden" by Arthur Versluis - The Renaissance philosopher's ideas on eros, "The Whirr of His Wings" by Martha Heyneman - How the image of the beloved illuminates, "I Thirst to Be Thirsted For" by Stratford Caldecott - God as the Act of love, "The Way Up Is the Way Down" by Ken Wilber - Forces of love and death, "Behold, Thou Art Fair, My Beloved" by Connie Whitesell - The role of sexuality in the Song of Songs ; 128 pages. | <urn:uuid:8ffb28e1-1bac-4a3a-aae0-792629029500> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.bythewaybooks.com/details.php?record=10611 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00320-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.87194 | 317 | 1.632813 | 2 |
The significance of little things
By Pastor Lyndon Korhonen, Good Shepherd Free Lutheran Church, Cokato
Are you one who wonders how something such as having Jesus as your Savior can make such a dramatic difference between heaven and hell in eternity?
The other day, I was thinking about zeros, and how insignificant they can seem; yet, how important they can be. What a huge difference they can make in the right place.
Let’s take an investment account, for example. If you have a “1” on your bottom line, and you have six zeros in front of it, you don’t have much to worry about if someone taps into your account.
But what if we make a tiny, small shift of putting the “1” in front of those zeros? That would make the amount $1,000,000. A “1” on the proper side of six zeros makes a big difference.
The Bible tells us that “it is appointed unto man once to die and after that, to face judgement.” (Hebrews 9:27. If you come to that Day of Judgement with Jesus in second place in your life, or any place other than first, you are going to go into eternity lost.
But if you come to Judgement Day with Him first in your life, you will be ushered into the Father’s presence by Jesus.
It makes quite a difference in which order the one and the zeros appear; and an even bigger difference which order Jesus is in, in your life. | <urn:uuid:b43b3e30-be34-4856-8fc5-6c1004462eec> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.herald-journal.com/archives/2004/columns/p062104.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720845.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00087-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954533 | 331 | 1.8125 | 2 |
Can you help me with my software licensing issue?
According to pricing details on the Microsoft Windows Azure website, compute hours cost 12 cents each, but what are they?
Server Fault is a question and answer site for system and network administrators. It only takes a minute to sign up.Sign up to join this community
This is the time that your process (Hosted by Azure) is loaded and executing. Your charges are calculated by a combination of Compute Hour and bandwidth used.
I see that someone is trying to close this Question. I think this is a fair question for stackoverflow, it's on the edge of being a programming question (Azure compute is an environment very relevant to programming) and doesn't fit nicely anywhere else.
To elaborate on Chris Lutz's Definition/Explanation.
The charge is based on a Web, CGI, or Service Role running within Windows Azure with a single Instance executing. As long as something is posted to the role, whatever it is, even if not "live" and set to "run" it is still using compute, and thus being charged.
The math goes like this.
1x Role (Web, CGI, or Worker) with a single instance set == an hourly charge no matter what it is doing in the cloud. If it is deployed and not running, it still accrues a charge.
If a Role has 2x Instances running, then each of those instances is included as compute. So if a Web Role is up and deployed in the cloud (again, running or not) with 2x instances set, then that is effectively 2 hours of compute. | <urn:uuid:b5ec6f81-5b4f-4457-bab3-91743ce16deb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://serverfault.com/questions/76566/what-is-a-windows-azure-compute-hour | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.960968 | 343 | 1.679688 | 2 |
- Research article
- Open Access
Syphilis reinfection is associated with an attenuated immune profile in the same individual: a prospective observational cohort study
BMC Infectious Diseases volume 18, Article number: 479 (2018)
Ascertaining if the clinical and immunological response to repeat syphilis differs from that in initial syphilis may assist in designing optimal syphilis screening strategies and vaccine design.
We prospectively recruited 120 patients with a new diagnosis of (baseline) syphilis. During a 24-month follow-up period, 11 of these patients had a further diagnosis of (repeat) syphilis. We conducted a paired comparison of their plasma cyto-chemokines at baseline and repeat syphilis.
Comparing to their baseline infection, paired analyses of the 11 individuals with repeat infections during follow-up revealed that these reinfections had lower concentrations of Interferon (IFN)α (0.8 [Interquartile range (IQR) 0.8–0.8 vs. 12.2 [IQR 1.6–24.2], P = 0.004) and Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL) 4 (0.9 [IQR 0.9–12.2 vs. 17.5 [IQR 4.9–32.8], P = 0.022].
In this small study of 11 individuals, repeat syphilis was found to present with an attenuated immune response. The relevance of these findings to the design of optimal syphilis screening programs is discussed.
A striking feature of the current epidemics of syphilis in high-income countries is the increasing proportion of cases of syphilis that are repeat episodes of syphilis [1,2,3]. These infections occur predominantly in men who have sex with men (MSM) with high rates of partner change [1, 4]. There is growing recognition that part of the difficulty with controlling these epidemics is the fact that repeat syphilis is less likely to present with symptoms [4,5,6,7,8]. As a result, persons with repeat syphilis may have delayed diagnoses and be more likely to transmit syphilis [1, 6]. At our medical centre in Antwerp, Belgium, reinfections now constitute approximately half of all syphilis infections . In a study that followed up 120 patients with a new diagnosis of syphilis over a 12-month period we previously confirmed that repeat syphilis was not only less likely to be symptomatic than initial syphilis but also had an altered immune profile . These differences included variations in the magnitude and decay curves of rapid plasma reagin (RPR) as well as repeaters being less likely to have elevated plasma interleukin (IL)-10. These differences in plasma IL-10 persisted at 6-month follow-up such that those with initial but not those with repeat syphilis had higher levels of IL-10 than the control group. While following up this cohort for a 24-month period a total of 11 individuals had a further repeat episode of syphilis. This manuscript compares the immune responses of these 11 repeat episodes with the paired baseline episodes.
The Institutional Review Board of the Institute of Tropical Medicine and the Ethics Committee of the University Hospital Antwerp approved this study (13/44/426). All study participants provided written informed consent. Between May 2014 and June 2015 all patients attending the Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp’s STI or HIV clinics and over the age of 17 years in whom a new diagnosis of syphilis was made were prospectively recruited into the study (ClinicalTrials.gov Registration Number: NCT02059525). The diagnosis and staging of syphilis was according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention classification . Repeat syphilis, which included syphilis repeat infections and reactivations, was defined as an episode in a person who had a ≥ 4 increase in RPR titre after a previous diagnosis of syphilis who exhibited an appropriate response to therapy, defined as a ≥ 4-fold decrease in RPR titre. All patients were assessed according to a standardized protocol that collected detailed information about sexual behavior, clinical features and laboratory tests. Patients were followed up at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24 months and at any other time if they developed symptoms or signs of syphilis. Patient clinical and laboratory characteristics were recorded at each consultation. Blood was drawn into plain and EDTA-coated tubes (Sarstedt Monovette, Nümbrecht, Germany) and centrifuged at 2000 g for 10 min at ambient temperature. Serum and plasma was stored at − 20 °C (plain) and − 80 °C (plasma), respectively. Samples were processed and frozen within 3 h of acquisition.
Interferon (IFN)α, IFNγ, IL-1β, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, Interferon gamma inducible protein (IP)-10, Monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, Macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α// Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)3, CCL4 (MIP-1β), IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-17A from the baseline, 6 month follow-up and repeat episodes of syphilis were measured in a single experiment using a magnetic bead Luminex multiplex assay (EMD Millipore, Billerica, MA, United States (US)) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Samples below the limit of quantification were assigned the value of half the lowest limit detected for each cytokine (for further study details including quality assessment data please see ). Macro Vue RPR card test (Becton, Dickinson and Company, Sparks, MD, US) and Treponema pallidum agglutination chemiluminescent immunoassay (Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics, Rochester, NY, US) performed on the Vitros 5600 Integrated System (Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics) were performed at each study visit.
T. pallidum PCR
An in-house real time PCR targeting polA was used to detect T. pallidum DNA in serum. DNA was extracted from 400 μL serum using the custom-plasma program of the Abbott m2000sp automated extraction platform (Abbott, Maidenhead, UK), according to the manufacturer’s specifications. The extracted DNA was eluated in 100 μL eluate solution. The 25 μL PCR mixture contained Platinum® Quantitative PCR SuperMix-Uracil DNA Glycosylase (Invitrogen by life technologies, Thermo Fisher Scientific) 0.9 μM forward primer TP-1, 0.9 μM reverse primer TP-2,0.14 μM probe TP-3 (Integrated DNA technologies, Leuven, Belgium) and 10 μL DNA extract. The amplifications were performed using the Rotor Gene 6000 (Qiagen, Venlo, the Netherlands) and included 45 cycles of 20 s at 95 °C followed by 45 s at 60 °C per cycle.
Values are summarized as medians and interquartile ranges (IQR). Wilcoxon’s signed rank test was used to evaluate intraindividual changes from baseline to repeat syphilis. Spearman’s correlation was used to assess if there was an association between the number of prior episodes of syphilis and plasma cytokine and chemokine concentrations at the time of syphilis diagnosis (baseline and repeat infections combined, N = 22). All analyses were performed in Stata 13 (StataCorp LP, College Station, TX, USA). Due to the small sample size we did not conduct multivariable analyses.
The cohort was followed up for 24 months. During this time period 11 individuals (all men, MSM and 10 HIV-infected) were diagnosed with a syphilis reinfection a median 456 (IQR 364–503) days after their baseline infection (Table 1). The median CD4+ T-cell count of the 10 HIV-infected individuals was 554/μL (IQR 489–677) at the baseline visit. All HIV-infected individuals were on antiretroviral therapy with undetectable HIV viral loads. Serum PCR for Treponema pallidum was negative for all 11 individuals at baseline and for 6/6 at the time of reinfection. All 11 were treated with stage appropriate intramuscular benzyl penicillin G (BPG) therapy at baseline and reinfection syphilis.
Syphilis stage at reinfection
Two of these reinfections were primary, two secondary and seven early latent syphilis (Table 1).
Only one individual presented with confirmed initial syphilis
For 10 of these individuals, this represented at least their third episode of syphilis (Table 1). The 11th individual was the only one to present with an initial episode of syphilis. His first episode of syphilis was characterized by a diffuse maculopapular rash and a RPR titre of 1/32. He had tested TPA and RPR negative 6 months prior. He received 2.4MU BPG via intramuscular injection and his RPR titre declined to 1/4 at 3 months. At nine months following condomless sex, he presented with a less pronounced maculopapular rash and an RPR titre rise to 1/32. Of the 11 individuals, his baseline syphilis contained the highest or second highest levels of IL-10, IFNα, CCL4 and IP-10 (Participant 11, Fig. 1). At the time of his reinfection his cytokine levels did not attain the levels of his initial infection (Fig. 1).
Paired comparisons of cytokines
Comparing to their baseline infections, paired analyses of the 11 individuals with reinfections during follow-up revealed that these reinfections had lower concentrations of IFNα (0.8 [IQR 0.8–0.8] vs. 12.2 [IQR 1.6–24.2], P = 0.004) and CCL4 (0.9 [IQR 0.9–12.2 vs. 17.5 [IQR 4.9–32.8], P = 0.022]; Table 2). These associations remained after excluding the individual whose baseline infection was his first (initial) episode of syphilis. In general, there was a decline in cyto- and chemokines between baseline and 6-month visit with little or no increase at the time of reinfection (Fig. 1).
Correlation between number of prior episodes of syphilis and individual cyto/chemokines
There was a weak negative association between IFNα and the number of episodes of syphilis (Rho = − 0.42; P = 0.050; Table 3).
A diagnosis of syphilis in humans and animal models is typically characterized by elevations in both plasma pro-inflammatory (TNFα, IFNγ, CCL4, IP-10) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) [11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18]. This immunological profile however varies according to a number of parameters including stage of syphilis [4, 17,18,19,20], HIV-infection status and the number of previous episodes of syphilis [4, 21, 22]. Our study is the first that we are aware of that has been able to assess the immune profile of the same individuals at the time of reinfection.
Our study is weakened by the small number included and the fact that only one of the 11 baseline episodes of syphilis was a confirmed initial episode of syphilis. Larger studies would be required to be able to conduct multivariable analyses to control for the role of confounders such as stage of syphilis, number of episodes of syphilis, time between episodes of syphilis and HIV status. With a sample size of only 11 we deemed the risk of type II errors too large to warrant conducting multivariable analyses. As a result we cannot exclude the possibility that our results are due to confounding. Nonetheless our results are commensurate with the thesis that repeat syphilis presents with an attenuated immune response. The individual with an initial syphilis at study inclusion had a more pronounced elevation in IL-10, IFNα, CCL4 and IP-10 than the individuals with repeat syphilis. His second episode of syphilis was also clinically less dramatic and characterized by little or no elevation in plasma cytokines (compared to his 6-month levels). Furthermore, shortly after completing the 24-month follow-up period (and therefore not included in this study) this individual had a third episode of syphilis which was asymptomatic.
In the paired comparisons, plasma IFNα and CCL4 were lower at the time of the reinfection. The fact that repeat episodes had lower IFNα and CCL4 even after excluding the only individual whose baseline syphilis represented an initial infection suggests that each additional episode of syphilis results in a more attenuated immune response than the previous episode. As noted above, this finding is weakened by the fact that in 10 out of 11 individuals the baseline episode of syphilis was not the individual’s first episode of syphilis. What we are comparing is earlier with later episodes of syphilis in the same individual. Our findings of lower plasma IFNα and CCL4 in later episodes of syphilis is commensurate with immunological and clinical findings from other studies. Previous studies have, for example, found that each subsequent diagnosis of syphilis is associated with a step-wise increase in peak RPR at the time of diagnosis, a faster decay in RPR but then a higher nadir RPR result following the episode of syphilis [4, 21, 22]. One of these studies found that the RPR result did not serorevert in any individuals with four or more episodes of syphilis . A recent study has found a stepwise increase in the probability that syphilis presents asymptomatically with increasing numbers of episodes of syphilis . These findings suggest that individuals with multiple episodes of syphilis may develop a degree of immunity to infection by T. pallidum and that each episode of syphilis has an additive effect in the development of immunity. Further studies are required to assess if the attenuated immune response is correlated with a lower bacterial load and hence infectivity. This would be relevant for studies modeling syphilis spread and might provide clues of use for Treponema pallidum vaccine design.
In a similar vein, our study builds on the findings of other contemporary studies which suggest a need to rethink the syphilis staging system used in settings such as ours where repeat syphilis constitutes an increasing proportion of all syphilis infections . In a study of individuals with four or more episodes of syphilis from our center, for example, we found a step-wise increase in the proportion diagnosed with latent (asymptomatic) syphilis with increasing numbers of episodes of syphilis . Similarly, in this study we found that 7 of the 11 episodes of repeat syphilis were latent syphilis. This classification was based on the fact that these 7 episodes were asymptomatic. The traditional staging system of syphilis typically depicts syphilis as progressing from primary to secondary and then early and late latent syphilis . A large proportion of our patients with repeat syphilis do not develop symptoms of syphilis and thus classified as latent syphilis. This is likely due to the attenuated immune response to repeat syphilis and not reflective of a longer duration of infection as would be the case in initial episodes of latent syphilis. Future studies could explore this issue further by assessing if there are clinical, immunological, pathogen and pathological differences between individuals with early and late latent syphilis diagnosed during a first compared to a fourth (or higher) episode of syphilis. Consideration could be given to classifying latent syphilis in individuals with multiple previous episodes of syphilis as latent-repeat syphilis .
Unfortunately we were unable to sequence T. pallidum DNA from any of the episodes of syphilis included. We were thus unable to establish genotypically if the repeat syphilis was due to reinfection or reactivation as has been done in other studies [24, 25]. Given the high rates of partner change, low rates of condom usage and high syphilis incidence in this cohort it is however likely that most if not all the repeat episodes are due to reinfections. We cannot, however, exclude the possibility that the episodes of repeat syphilis are due to reactivation rather than reinfection. Relapse syphilis may be characterized by a different immunological response to reinfection syphilis and this may influence our results. This misclassification bias would however be expected to bias the results towards the null-hypothesis.
This study makes a small contribution to the growing evidence that the clinical and immunological presentation of repeat syphilis is more attenuated than initial syphilis. This is of considerable clinical and public health consequence. It is important that both clinicians and patients are aware of this as it provides extra motivation for periodic serological screening in persons who have had a diagnosis of syphilis. These individuals are not only at a considerably higher risk of syphilis than the general population, their subsequent syphilis is also more likely to be asymptomatic and serological screening may be the only way to diagnose this syphilis episode in a timeous fashion.
Macrophage inflammatory protein
Men who have sex with men
Polymerase chain reaction
Rapid plasma reagin
Tumour necrosis factor
United States of America
Kenyon C, Lynen L, Florence E, Caluwaerts S, Vandenbruaene M, Apers L, Soentjens P, Van Esbroeck M, Bottieau E. Syphilis reinfections pose problems for syphilis diagnosis in Antwerp, Belgium - 1992 to 2012. Euro Surveill. 2014;19(45):20958.
Botham SJ, Ressler K-A, Maywood P, Hope KG, Bourne CP, Conaty SJ, Ferson MJ, Mayne DJ. Men who have sex with men, infectious syphilis and HIV coinfection in inner Sydney: results of enhanced surveillance. Sex Health. 2013;10(4):291–8.
Kenyon C, Osbak KK, Apers L. Repeat syphilis is more likely to be asymptomatic in HIV-infected individuals: a retrospective cohort analysis with important implications for screening. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2018;5(6):ofy096.
Kenyon C, Tsoumanis A, Osbak K, Van Esbroeck M, Crucitti T, Kestens L. Repeat syphilis has a different immune response compared to initial syphilis: an analysis of biomarker kinetics in two cohorts. Sex Transm Infect. 2017; Epub ahead of print.
Courjon J, Hubiche T, Dupin N, Grange PA, Del Giudice P. Clinical aspects of syphilis reinfection in HIV-infected patients. Dermatology. 2015;230(4):302–7.
Brewer TH, Peterman TA, Newman DR, Schmitt K. Reinfections during the Florida syphilis epidemic, 2000-2008. Sex Transm Dis. 2011;38(1):12–7.
Kerani R, Lukehart S, Stenger M, Marra C, Pedersen R, Golden M. Is early latent syphilis more likely in patients with a prior syphilis infection? British Society for Sexual Health and HIV. London: Presentation at 18th international society for STD research; 2009. 28 June-1 July
Magnuson HJ, Thomas EW, Olansky S, Kaplan BI, De Mello L, Cutler JC. Inoculation syphilis in human volunteers. Medicine (Baltimore). 1956;35(1):33–82.
Workowski KA, Berman SM, Centers for disease C, prevention. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2010. Atlanta: Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2010.
Chen CY, Chi KH, George RW, Cox DL, Srivastava A, Rui Silva M, Carneiro F, Lauwers GY, Ballard RC. Diagnosis of gastric syphilis by direct immunofluorescence staining and real-time PCR testing. J Clin Microbiol. 2006;44(9):3452–6.
Bernardeschi C, Grange PA, Janier M, Gressier L, Dion PL, Benhaddou N, Bianchi A, Lassau F, Avril MF, Batteux F, et al. Treponema pallidum induces systemic TH17 and TH1 cytokine responses. Eur J Dermatol. 2012;22(6):797–8.
Wicher V, Scarozza AM, Ramsingh AI, Wicher K. Cytokine gene expression in skin of susceptible Guinea-pig infected with Treponema pallidum. Immunology. 1998;95(2):242–7.
Salazar JC, Cruz AR, Pope CD, Valderrama L, Trujillo R, Saravia NG, Radolf JD. Treponema pallidum elicits innate and adaptive cellular immune responses in skin and blood during secondary syphilis: a flow-cytometric analysis. J Infect Dis. 2007;195(6):879–87.
Kojima N, Bristow CC, Maecker H, Rosenberg-Hasson Y, Leon SR, Vargas SK, Konda KA, Caceres CF, Klausner JD. Similarities in the markers of inflammation between men with syphilis and women with increased risk of HIV acquisition. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;62(2):265–6.
Cruz AR, Ramirez LG, Zuluaga AV, Pillay A, Abreu C, Valencia CA, La Vake C, Cervantes JL, Dunham-Ems S, Cartun R, et al. Immune evasion and recognition of the syphilis spirochete in blood and skin of secondary syphilis patients: two immunologically distinct compartments. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012;6(7):e1717.
Knudsen A, Benfield T, Kofoed K. Cytokine expression during syphilis infection in HIV-1-infected individuals. Sex Transm Dis. 2009;36(5):300–4.
Podwinska J, Lusiak M, Zaba R, Bowszyc J. The pattern and level of cytokines secreted by Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes of syphilitic patients correlate to the progression of the disease. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2000;28(1):1–14.
Pastuszczak M, Gozdzialska A, Jakiela B, Obtulowicz A, Jaskiewicz J, Wojas-Pelc A. Robust pro-inflammatory immune response is associated with serological cure in patients with syphilis: an observational study. Sex Transm Infect. 2017;93(1):11–14.
Fitzgerald TJ. The Th1/Th2-like switch in syphilitic infection: is it detrimental? Infect Immun. 1992;60(9):3475–9.
Kenyon C, Osbak KK, Crucitti T, Kestens L. The immunological response to syphilis differs by HIV status; a prospective observational cohort study. BMC Infect Dis. 2017;17(1):111.
Brown ST, Zaidi A, Larsen SA, Reynolds GH. Serological response to syphilis treatment. A new analysis of old data. JAMA. 1985;253(9):1296–9.
Romanowski B, Sutherland R, Fick GH, Mooney D, Love EJ. Serologic response to treatment of infectious syphilis. Ann Intern Med. 1991;114(12):1005–9.
Tramont E, In S, Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 8th ed. Atlanta: Churchill Livingstone Inc; 2015.
Myint M, Bashiri H, Harrington RD, Marra CM. Relapse of secondary syphilis after benzathine penicillin G: molecular analysis. Sex Transm Dis. 2004;31(3):196–9.
Florindo C, Reigado V, Gomes JP, Azevedo J, Santo I, Borrego MJ. Molecular typing of treponema pallidum clinical strains from Lisbon, Portugal. J Clin Microbiol. 2008;46(11):3802–3.
We would like to thank Said Abdellati and Vicky Cuylaerts for performing the cytokine assays.
This work was supported by the grants from the Flemish Government, Department of Economy, Science and Innovation, SOFI-B Grant to CK (Project ID 757003), http://www.fwo.be. The funders played no role in the design of the study or the collection, analysis or interpretation of the data.
Availability of data and materials
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Ethics approval and consent to participate
The Institutional Review Board of the Institute of Tropical Medicine and the Ethics Committee of the University Hospital Antwerp approved this study (13/44/426). Individual written informed consent was obtained from each participant.
Consent for publication
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
About this article
Cite this article
Kenyon, C., Osbak, K.K., Crucitti, T. et al. Syphilis reinfection is associated with an attenuated immune profile in the same individual: a prospective observational cohort study. BMC Infect Dis 18, 479 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-018-3399-8 | <urn:uuid:4dd429b1-1dbd-4dd4-9487-fd07b9da17ab> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-018-3399-8 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00476.warc.gz | en | 0.89578 | 5,808 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Learn about the first non-contact radar device with Bluetooth commissioning, operation and maintenance via a mobile app.
Technology provides high-purity water for industries
Siemens has introduced the IonRight system, a technology for providing industries such as metal finishing and microelectronics with consistent, high-purity water from potable feed water.
Designed for applications that require 4 to 10 gal per minute of high-purity water, the system is a “plug-and-play” replacement for separate bed or mixed bed service deionization (SDI). Multiple IonRight systems can be installed in parallel to accommodate higher flow rates. The system’s dual-filtration process consistently delivers higher quality water with lower operating costs than traditional portable deionization. The system is currently available in North America.
The IonRight system incorporates carbon, reverse osmosis (RO) and continuous electro-deionization (CEDI) technologies in a compact, skid-mounted design. The RO/CEDI equipment allows stable performance and flexibility to adapt to changing feedwater conditions.
After being connected to the customer’s potable feedwater source, the water enters a carbon pre-treatment vessel, which removes chlorine, chloramine and other organics that could damage the RO and CEDI membranes. The water then flows into the RO membrane housing, where the bulk of the water contaminants (dissolved solids) are removed. From there, the water enters the CEDI vessel, where it is polished to a purity level of 1.0 megohm or greater. An optional twin alternating softener is also available as pretreatment, if required. | <urn:uuid:afc24989-0aaa-4b74-ae82-543593a87391> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.wwdmag.com/siemens-introduces-ionright-water-purification-system | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00341-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.901562 | 345 | 1.84375 | 2 |
Our ethically made products are produced by women around the world who are overcoming poverty and human trafficking. At Trades of Hope, we believe that each woman is an artist and entrepreneur. Through sustainable business, our Artisan partners are able to provide for their children, escape sexual exploitation, and create hopeful futures for themselves and their families.
We partner with Artisan communities, workshops, and workrooms in 15 to 18 countries around the world, depending on the season. Some of our Artisan partners specialize in producing seasonal or limited edition products, so our partnership with them is seasonal. Others produce ethically made designs for Trades of Hope all year long.
DISCOVER THEIR STORIES OF HOPE!
To read more about Fair Trade, CLICK HERE.
Artisan Story Cards – Where Our Stories Collide
Below you’ll find downloadable PDFs of the Artisan Cards.
A collectible story card ships in every order – encourage your customers to collect them all!
Use these as Artisan story cue cards in your parties!
Click on each title for the downloadable PDF: | <urn:uuid:5ac117a7-3233-48af-a7d1-40d54e1ad6d5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hopecentral.tradesofhope.com/resources/artisans/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00471.warc.gz | en | 0.921333 | 228 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Viium, N., Wreder-Ferrer, L. A., Lansford, J. E., & Jensen, L. A. (Eds.). (forthcoming). Positive youth development, mental health, and psychological well-being in diverse youth. Frontiers in Psychology.
This special issue focuses on the development of psychological competencies and skills of culturally diverse adolescents and emerging adults. The issue highlights understudied groups across the world.
Jensen, L. A., & Chen, X. (Eds.). (2013). Adolescent development in a diverse and changing world: Special section. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 23.
Cultural and contextual perspectives provide an understanding of universal and unique patterns of adolescent development. The articles in this special section show how this is vital for theory and research in today’s diverse and changing world, and for interventions with adolescents within and across countries.
Jensen, L. A., & Flanagan, C. A. (Eds.). (2008). Immigrant civic engagement: New translations. Applied Developmental Science, 12. New York: Taylor & Francis.
This special issue examines the nature of civic engagement in immigrant youth in the United States—a hereto virtually unexamined phenomenon. The issue brings together experts on immigration, civic involvement and developmental processes from several different disciplines. Chapters with new empirical research are followed by commentaries from three renowned scholars in this area.
Jensen L. A., & Larson, R. W. (Eds.). (2005). New horizons in developmental theory and research. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 109. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
This volume brings together cutting-edge scholars who report on new and promising work within their diverse specialty areas. The first section examines the cultural dimension of development and includes proposals for new methods and theories in work with diverse cultural groups. The second section highlights how children and adolescents develop in and interact with multiple contexts, including family, friends, media, and civic institutions. The third addresses biological and environmental bases of emotional and cognitive self-regulation. | <urn:uuid:0184c882-ed2a-47c3-a1a0-df437b15baff> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lenearnettjensen.com/monographs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.841248 | 434 | 2.078125 | 2 |
East opened One Heart, South overcalled with One Spade, and North raised to game to end the auction. West led the three of hearts against Four Spades and, with little better to do, East won and continued the suit.
Declarer ruffed the third heart and drew trumps in to rounds with the ace and queen. He continued by running the nine of clubs to East's jack. As a heart lead would concede a ruff and discard and a club would be straight into dummy's ace-queen, East decided to lead a low diamond.
There was the chance that West might hold the queen or that South might misguess. However, declarer went up with the queen and, when this held, could now claim his contract on a cross-ruff.
What did East see, all too late, that prompted his remark? That the apparently foolish club return was in fact safe! South was known to have started with five spades and two hearts - hence he held six cards in the minor suits. However they were distributed, he would not be able to get enough discards on dummy's clubs and East would be bound to come to his king of diamonds at the end.Reuse content | <urn:uuid:f996479a-3962-404f-a2d8-3bfd96c114f6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/etcetera-bridge-5602296.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00340-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.98865 | 248 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Minnesota and DC Lawmakers Consider Nurse Staffing Bills
By Debra Wood, RN, contributor
March 1, 2013 - Lawmakers in Minnesota and the District of Columbia are considering nurse staffing bills, with a goal of improved patient safety and quality of care. The legislation is based on research studies that have shown how a nurse’s workload impacts adverse events, patient satisfaction and other quality indicators.
Washington Hospital Center RN Rajini Raj explained the staffing bill would establish mandatory minimum nurse-to-patient ratios by hospital unit, augmented by additional staffing based on individual patient needs.
“We hope the ratios will give patients better care,” said cardiac nurse Rajini Raj, RN, a shop steward for National Nurses United (NNU) at Medstar Washington Hospital Center in DC. “Safety is our biggest concern as nurses, and we are taught in school to advocate for our patients. But when we try to do that with five or six patients, it’s hard to do.”
The DC Patient Protection Act is a mandatory minimum nurse-to-patient ratio bill similar to the one working effectively in California, except it would set the medical–surgical unit ratio at four patients to one nurse instead of five to one. In addition, charge nurses would serve as a resource nurse, not carrying a patient load, who could also teach patients preparing for discharge.
More education about diet and medications provided by the additional nurses could, ultimately, save the hospital money, by reducing preventable hospital readmissions and decreasing nurse turnover, Raj said. She reported nurses are leaving the bedside and many new graduates quit soon after starting their hospital careers to pursue other, less frustrating opportunities.
A 2012 survey by NNU found 57 percent of DC nurses reported inadequate nurse staffing always or almost always, and 60 percent said changes in a nurse’s workload have led to worse outcomes for patients. Eighty-seven percent said that mandatory nurse-to-patient ratios, such as those in California, are needed in DC.
The District of Columbia Hospital Association did not respond to requests for information about its position. However, the association’s website said the act “would significantly impair nurses’ and hospitals’ ability to make individualized patient care decisions” and have “negative consequences.” That’s not how Raj views it.
“We see it as a win–win for the patients, the nurses and the hospital,” Raj said. “We want to raise the bar for our patients, and this is the best way to do it.”
Council Chairman Phil Mendelson introduced the bill on February 4, 2013 and a public hearing will be scheduled. Then the council will consider the bill as is or with “mark ups,” or changes.
Meanwhile, a nurse staffing bill in Minnesota is working its way through the legislative committee process. The Standards of Care Act (H 588) aims to ensure hospitals are adequately staffed, but it does not include specific ratios, instead referring to “national standards.”
Sen. Jeff Hayden, (DFL-Minneapolis), the bill’s co-sponsor, cited in a written release that more than 60 research studies show that safe RN staffing levels eliminate unnecessary complications, reduce preventable medical errors and curb extended hospital stays, thereby reducing risks to patients and saving precious health care dollars. The bill had its first of several committee hearings in February.
The Minnesota Nurses Association declined to comment or provide any information about the bill. However, a press release at its website includes a quote from Linda Hamilton, president of the Minnesota Nurses Association, saying, “We need a standard to hold these hospitals accountable so patients and their loves ones can count on adequate RN staffing.”
In that release, the Minnesota Nurses Association reported that a survey of 800 Minnesotans, including 400 nurses, revealed that nearly a third of respondents reported situations where they have witnessed too few nurses on duty, which affected the quality of care patients received.
The Minnesota Hospital Association, on the other hand, reports that the state has achieved from the Agency for Healthcare Research & Quality (AHRQ) the best overall health care quality in the nation, with hospitals contributing to that No. 1 ranking. The National Healthcare Quality Report for Minnesota indicates the state is strong on overall health care quality.
“Being already ranked at the top in quality, we think this is a solution in search of a problem,” said Wendy Burt, spokesperson for the Minnesota Hospital Association.
The hospital association has also raised concerns about unintended consequences, such as nurses leaving nursing home positions for hospital jobs, which will pay more and layoffs of non-nursing hospital employees to compensate for the additional nursing salaries. Additionally, members have raised concerns about meeting the staffing rules during emergency situations.
“The bill will drive up cost across the continuum,” Burt said. “There are lots of questions about how it would be implemented.”
Back to News » | <urn:uuid:18e30d29-612a-4ef5-a12b-533e371fe7e1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.nationalnursesunited.org/news/entry/minnesota-and-dc-lawmakers-consider-nurse-staffing-bills/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00252-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956621 | 1,039 | 1.828125 | 2 |
Nowadays, it is straightforward to carry out water purification. There is no way you can live without drinking water; you will get dehydrated. Water is essential in your body. In this article, we are going to look into the different ways you can purify water. Through boiling your water can be safe for drinking. When boiling water, you need to have a source of heat, which at times may be expensive. Place your water in a clean basin and let it boil. After boiling your water, you have to filter it to remove any particles that might be in the water. You can wait for the water to cool so that you can drink it or take it while still hot. It is crucial to cover the water with a lid to avoid harmful substances getting into the water.
You can also use iodine to be it in solution form, crystal, or tablets form. This method is very safe and effective. Iodine is usually in different ways; hence, it is up to you to get the one you can afford. When you use iodine, you manage to kill all the bacteria’s that are in the water. When using the iodine solution, get to read the prescription very well. Treating water with iodine gives it an after taste You have to place the iodine tablet into the container full of water, and then shake it until all the tablet has dissolved. Then you let the water to settle before starting to drink.
You can purify the water using chlorine drops. These drops kill bacteria’s that are in the water. Chlorine is easy to get, and you can easily afford it. For it to work, you have to place the droplets into a container that has water then give it time like thirty minutes before you start drinking the water. It is essential to read the instructions so that you can know how many droplets you need to use in a certain amount of water. Chlorine, when used in the excess form, can be poisonous.
The use of filters. Filters remove bacteria’s that are in the water. The use of carbon gets rid of the harmful chemicals that are in the water and the bad taste. The availability of iodine coated screens helps to get rid of viruses in water. This process is costly since it needs manual pumping; you need to clean up the filters after use and also you have to replace the filters after treating some cans of water.
The use of ultraviolet rays. In this process, what you should do is swish some light through the water for some time, and you end up killing the bacteria. This is a natural process, but you have to buy some batteries to carry out the operation. But the water is not safe to drink until you filter it.
In conclusion, with you using any of these processes, and following it well, there is no way you will ever take contaminated water. | <urn:uuid:5e8cd64f-cc93-447e-8416-cff824cf2441> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.snackholidays.com/on-water-my-thoughts-explained.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.95989 | 588 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Last Updated: 2007-08-28 13:45:47 UTC
by Maarten Van Horenbeeck (Version: 1)
Secunia has reported an unfixed, unconfirmed remote code execution vulnerability in MSN Messenger’s Video Conversation functionality. An exploit appears to be available of which the description states it will cause a Denial-of-Service attack on MSN Messenger, and likely allows remote code execution on Win2k SP4 Chinese. If accurate, an offset change is likely all that is needed for this to work on other language releases.
According to the report, Windows Live Messenger 8.1 and higher are not affected. While Microsoft has not yet officially confirmed this vulnerability, we advise users not to accept untrusted video conversation sessions at this time.
We'll keep you updated on this issue. Thanks to Juha-Matti for bringing it to our attention. | <urn:uuid:486de1a9-62b5-4b4b-820a-4cb83bd692c6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Potential+MSN+Messenger+video+conversation+vulnerability/3326 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.884851 | 184 | 1.507813 | 2 |
The demure state of medical advancement in India is clearly reflected from a recently revealed statistic where it has been seen that for every 55000 Indian citizens only a single government medical seat is present in the country. Not only this fact reveals the abject state in which the nation’s government patronized medical education system lies but also shows how India’s entire medical scenario lies in shambles.
Events behind the curtains
The extreme shortage of seats in the government medical colleges is nothing but a result of government’s nonchalant attitude towards education a few decades ago. Almost three decades of sheer neglect from the union government broke the backbone of medical education in India starting from 1970s till the beginning of the new millennium. Statistics say that in 1971 there used to be 38000 individuals for every government medical seat whereas in 2001 the same figure stood at almost 60000. This fact alone tells a lot about the step motherly act of the government towards medical education in India. It also proved how irresponsible was the government’s policy making as they expected that private partners will fill in the void and hence rescue the situation.
Beneficiaries of the crisis
The poor state of medical education endorsed by the government lay bare in front of everyone. The first and most aggressive utilizers of the situation were the private medical institutions. Such institutions provided medical seats where the government could not. They showed that dreaming about medical education is possible even without government patronage. They also put forward a new hazardous formula that proved to be deceptively lethal in the future. They proved to the entire nation that if one has got money, he can surely get education. Medical education became a commodity that was buyable and it came at the price of its quality and credibility. Medical science was yet again the made the victim as increasingly selfish mindsets changed the entire medical fraternity in the days to come.
Why are the statistics concerning?
The statistics are big reasons enough to be concerned. They have ensured the dominance of private players in the field of medical education. The alarming fact of all is how the tentacles of privatization have spread throughout the system. In 1951 a single private college seat was meant for every 3632000 individuals whereas in 2013 the number is lesser than 50000. Hence it is evident that the proportion of medical seats has increased by almost 73 times to what it used to be in 1951. Government seats on the other hand did not even show a twofold rise in the same period. The most alarming situation happens to be existent in the southern states of India where only 21% of the entire nation’s population enjoys the luxury of over half of the entire nation’s private medical seats.
The way out for better future prospects
The government needs to show more diligence towards the promotion of government medical colleges. Private medical institutes that usurp crores from students in form of capitation fees do not auger well of the nation’s future. The drastically dropping standards are proof to this reality. The solution definitely lies in increasing the number of government institutions to keep the nation’s faith on medical science. States like West Bengal, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and many more lack government medical colleges yet they depend increasingly on them. It must be ensured that these states get more medical colleges. It must be remembered that privatization is good but never at the cost of medical science. | <urn:uuid:3a8ba5be-44c4-4c09-b51d-958dab688b0e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.brainbuxa.com/blog/india-has-a-single-government-medical-seat-for-every-55000-people | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280825.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00204-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964801 | 682 | 2.15625 | 2 |
The coastal aquifer system of southern Oahu, Hawaii, USA, consists of highly permeable volcanic aquifers overlain by weathered volcanic rocks and interbedded marine and terrestrial sediments of both high and low permeability. The weathered volcanic rocks and sediments are collectively known as caprock, because they impede the free discharge of groundwater from the underlying volcanic aquifers. A cross-sectional groundwater flow and transport model was used to evaluate the hydrogeologic controls on the regional flow system in southwestern Oahu. Controls considered were: (a) overall caprock hydraulic conductivity; and (b) stratigraphic variations of hydraulic conductivity in the caprock. Within the caprock, variations in hydraulic conductivity, caused by stratigraphy or discontinuities of the stratigraphic units, are a major control on the direction of groundwater flow and the distribution of water levels and salinity. Results of cross-sectional modeling confirm the general groundwater flow pattern that would be expected in a layered coastal system. Ground-water flow is: (a) predominantly upward in the low-permeability sedimentary units; and (b) predominantly horizontal in the high-permeability sedimentary units.
Additional publication details
Numerical analysis of the hydrogeologic controls in a layered coastal aquifer system, Oahu, Hawaii, USA | <urn:uuid:8842ede5-9da6-4407-ac88-3d4d90cb74d8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70020081 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00073-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.901587 | 274 | 2.40625 | 2 |
Boudin’s art is the kind of art which wins you over, not by its audacity of expression or the obtrusive violence of its touch, but by its beauty, which combines intimacy, delicacy and truth innovative in a way because it developed towards the open air, toward impression…his palette of greys and blues, his exquisite shading, his consistent harmony were neither conventional nor formulistic – rather, they were an accurate reflection of nature glimpsed sensitively.
- Félix Buhot, Journal des Arts, July 14th, 1900, quoted in Vivien Hamilton’s Boudin at Trouville, pg. 14
Prior to the formation of the Impressionists, the untrained artist Eugène Boudin had, by the 1860s, already revealed an interest in plein air painting and the depiction of contemporary land- and seascapes. His choice of imagery was influenced by his childhood spent along the coasts of Normandy, rejecting the claustrophobic Parisian scene, and instead faithfully sketching the natural landscape which inspired him most. Indeed, a young Claude-Oscar Monet was first introduced to plein air painting by the older Boudin. It was after watching Boudin, “apprehensively and then more attentively,” that Monet realized that (quoted in G. Jean-Aubry & Robert Schmit, Eugène Boudin, Greenwich: New York Graphic Society, 1968, pg. 27):
“…it was as if a veil had been torn from my eyes. I had understood, I had grasped what painting could be. Boudin’s absorption of his work, and his independence, were enough to decide the entire future and development of my painting.”
Despite his influence on younger artists, Boudin was a modest and indefatigable worker who was never satisfied with his perceived inability to fully render the splendors that nature set before him. Throughout his career, he struggled to overcome his own melancholic disposition and self-deprecation, despite continual praise from his many acquaintances, of which one could count Constant Troyon, Jean-Francois Millet, Gustave Courbet, Monet, and Charles Baudelaire, to name just a few. Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot even referred to Boudin as “the king of skies.” Given his personality, Boudin most likely never fully grasped the significance of his artistic contribution: that he was the, according to art critic Arsène Alexandre, “precursor” to the Impressionist movement, a stepping stone to one of the most talked about and, in modern times, one of the most popular phases in nineteenth century art. Boudin’s ability to “conserve an attitude of familiarity with nature…without seeking to flatter or embellish it,” gave his audiences the opportunity to be “put in direct contact with her,” (Claude Roger-Marx, Eugène Boudin: 1824-1898, Paris: Les Editions G. Crès & Cie, 1927, pg. 41) a feature that was often lost on the later generations of painters.
Eugène Boudin was born in July 12th, 1824 in Honfleur, in the Normandy region of France. He was born into a family whose life revolved around the sea: both his mother and father made their living in the maritime community, his father eventually becoming a captain and his mother working as a stewardess. Eugène began working alongside his father around the age of ten, when he became a cabin boy on his father’s boat, the Polichinelle, which navigated between Honfleur and Rouen. Aboard the Polichinelle, Eugène began his first drawings, sketching in the margins of his book. While this experience was undoubtedly important for Eugène’s interest in the sea, he did not stay long aboard the Polichinelle after almost drowning and given the Polichinelle’s unreliable history of capsizing.
The family relocated to Le Havre in 1835 where Boudin enrolled in the École des Frères on the rue St. Jacques. He remained here for just one year, where he won an award for handwriting and where he was known to draw birds and leaves on his school notebooks. At the end of the school year, a young Boudin began working for the printer Joseph Morlent before moving shortly thereafter to work with Alphonse Lemasle in his stationery shop on the rue des Drapiers. Lemasle appreciated Boudin’s diligent nature and took notice of his interest in drawing. He purchased for him his first set of paints. Boudin remained with Lemasle until the age of eighteen, at which point he left to establish his own business alongside Lemasle’s foreman, Jean Acher.
Boudin and Acher opened their stationery shop in 1844. A thriving enterprise, it became a center for local artists, selling not only supplies, but also providing a space in which to show their pieces. It became somewhat of a gallery for local artists and gave Boudin important exposure to a way of life that he had not yet entirely discovered – that of the artist. It was exactly this penniless existence that Jean-Francois Millet cautioned Boudin against engaging in, warning him of the difficulty of such a lifestyle. Boudin did not heed Millet’s advice, however, since his encounters with other artists such as Constant Troyon, Thomas Couture, and Eugène Isabey encouraged him to pursue his own artistic explorations. While the business he and Archer had organized had been successful in bringing Boudin into contact with a number of very influential artists, he eventually sold his share of the business in order to pay another man to take his place for his obligatory military duty. It was at this moment that Boudin focused his attention solely on beginning his career as an artist. As with any artist embarking on their artistic career, he faced extreme difficulty in the beginning years, working tirelessly from dawn to dusk along the seaside, sketching everything that he saw. He experimented with as many different media as he could afford – pastels, watercolors, paintings, drawings, and sold flower paintings and still-lifes on the side to make ends meet and in order to save enough money to travel to Paris. He eventually left for Paris in 1847. What he did not know at this point was that it would be his point of origin, the beaches of Normandy, to which he would continually return.
Boudin left for Paris with many contacts, but he remained a solitary figure, spending the majority of his free time studying the old masters in the Louvre. In 1849 he was recruited to assist the sculptor Louis Rochet on a journey to raise lottery funds that would benefit artists. It was a fortuitous occasion for him, since he was able to go to the museums in Belgium and study painters from the Dutch school, notably Willem Van De Velde, Jacob van Ruysdael, and Paulus Potter. Combined with his previous study at the Louvre and his experiences traveling throughout the regions of northern France and into modern day Benelux, Boudin had been exposed to both the modern and past traditions even though he never had the luxury of artistic training that so determined the course that many of his contemporaries eventually followed.
After returning to Le Havre, Boudin began exhibiting at the local exhibitions. His public debut came in 1850 at the exhibition of the Société des Amis des Arts in Le Havre. The purchasing committee of the society acquired two of his works and was so impressed with the artist, that the chairman of the municipal council of Le Havre recommended that Boudin be considered for a travel grant. Under the recommendation of Troyon and others, Boudin was awarded a three-year study grant which gave him 1200 francs a year to continue his work in Paris. Troyon wrote in support of Boudin that “…I can say from the bottom of my heart that Boudin is not only destined to be a great painter, but can already be considered on a level with the young painters of our new school.” (quoted in Jean-Aubry & Schmit, pg. 15)
Boudin arrived in Paris in 1851, but to the dismay of the original committee members who awarded him the grant, he spent the majority of his time outside of Paris, traveling between Rouen, Le Havre, Honfleur, and Caen, escaping from the confines of the city to commune with the natural landscape. Paris was not suitable for his interest in plein air painting and it offered Boudin little by way of artistic freedom, for he wrote that, “In Paris I am like an exile.” (Jean-Aubry & Schmit, pg. 127) The idea of composing a painting solely within the studio did not appeal to Boudin. Boudin firmly believed that “Everything that is painted directly and on the spot always has strength, a power, and a vivacity of touch which one cannot recover in the studio.” (Vivien Hamilton, Boudin at Trouville, ex. cat., London: John Murray Ltd, 1992, pg. 16) For Boudin, “Three strokes of the brush in front of nature are worth more than two days of work at the easel (in the studio).” (Hamilton, Boudin at Trouville, pg. 16) But Boudin’s method, while en plein air, was nevertheless meticulous in its arrangement. He would execute a vast amount of sketches before composing the final canvas.
It was this same reverence towards nature that inevitably caused some of his melancholic despair, mainly in his inability to fully represent the splendors surrounding him. He wrote in his journal in March of 1854 that “Nature is richer than I represent it.” He continued on, regretting that (quoted in Jean-Aubry & Schmit, pg. 24):
Nature is so beautiful that when I’m not tortured by poverty I’m tortured by her splendour. How fortunate we are to be able to see and admire the glories of the sky and earth; if only I could be content just to admire them! But there is always the torment of struggling to reproduce them, the impossibility of creating anything within the narrow limits of painting.
Nature was the inspiration but also the curse that impinged upon Boudin’s ability to see the merits of his own production, an aspect that would continue to characterize his career until the end. Nevertheless, other artists and critics began to take notice of his work as his circle of influence and acquaintance continued to expand, despite his reluctance to adhere to any stable group or definition. Charles Baudelaire was the first critic to recognize his talent. In 1859, Boudin debuted at the Parisian salon with Pardon de Saint Anne Palud (Pardon of Saint Anne Palud). Baudelaire had become acquainted with Boudin and his work earlier in the year after visiting his studio. He commented upon Boudin’s Salon entry in his Curiosités Esthétiques, placing Boudin’s name among the most progressive artists working at that point. In it, Baudelaire prophesized the issues that the Impressionists would face but would not choose to overcome – the difference between a sketch and a painting, writing that, if other artists visited Boudin’s studio as Baudelaire had (Charles Baudelaire, Curiosités Esthétiques, Lausanne: Editions de l’Oeil, 1956, pg. 367):
...they would then understand what they do not seem to understand, namely the difference between a sketch and a picture…He well knows that all this must be made into a picture by applying poetic impression recalled at will: he is not pretentious enough to claim that his sketches are finished pictures.
Even Boudin’s finished pieces, however, show the beginning of a freeness in overall execution bordering on a sketch-like rendering. Boudin’s search for the ideal setting for his sketches had taken him through Normandy and in 1855, through the region of Brittany and to the cities of Douarnenez, the city of which he had “been dreaming of,” (quoted in Jean-Aubry & Schmit, pg. 23) and Quimper.
At the advice of his compatriots, Boudin moved to a studio along the rue Pigalle in 1861, but again, he remained in Paris only as long as necessary, and instead divided his time for the next several years between Paris, Le Havre, and Honfleur. His close friend, Isabey, eventually suggested to Boudin that he travel to Trouville and Deauville to work with beach scenes, two areas that were rapidly becoming popular sites for bourgeois relaxation. He completed several sketches and paintings in this area, focusing on the variation in dress, permutations of the sky, and effects of the environment and weather. Boudin thought these were “if not a grand art, at least a fairly sincere reproduction of the world of our epoch.” (Lise Duclaux & Geneviève Monnier, Boudin: Aquarelles et Pastels, ex. cat., Paris: Musée du Louvre, 1965, pg. 68) His work, such as Plage au Soleil Couchant (Beach with the Setting Sun) of 1865, is of unique interest, since (Hamilton, pg. 15):
Far from representing the pursuit of a single artistic goal, his art and career, particularly during the 1860s, embodied many of the key dilemmas facing painters in those years. In terms of technique, he pursued a shorthand method of transcribing his perceptions of the most fleeting natural effect, and yet he believed that true art was the product of the creative imagination; in his subject matter, he was torn between a fascination with the world of high fashion, on parade on his beloved Normandy beaches, and a feeling for the indigenous customs of rural communities; and in seeking markets for his work, he exhibited at the Salon but also exploited all other possible means of putting his paintings before potential buyers.
While these pictures figure as an important component in Boudin’s total oeuvre, he eventually stopped painting scenes of fashionable men and women on the beach in the late 1860s and devoted himself “entirely with studies of the sky, of boats and herds of animals.” (Jean-Aubry, pg. 65) Boudin’s ability to capture the subtleties of the sky was an ability that other artists could not match (Tristan Klingsor, “Un Précurseur de l’Impressionnisme: Eugène Boudin,” La Nouvelle Revue, 1891, vol. 8, pg. 262):
Where many painters only found a pretext for larges surfaces of blue, opaque and dirty, Eugène Boudin astonishes us by a variety and an incomparable accuracy: for him each cloud has a physiognomy... to give us the impression of immensity and to hold our attention, allured by the innovation of a spectacle which everyday we have under our eyes and which we had never seen.
Boudin’s images found a pocket of popularity with those frequenting the beaches in Normandy. But it was not enough to provide him with a comfortable living and Boudin began looking for other means by which to profit from his work. Though not immediately successful, he eventually negotiated enough contacts for his work to be shown semi-regularly at a number of different dealers. Throughout his career he would try other avenues, as well, such as staging his own auctions – Le Havre (1857, 1879), Caen (1862), and Paris (1879, 1888). Overall, these auctions were of limited success and it was not until the 1880s when Boudin secured a permanent relationship with Paul Durand-Ruel that Boudin had a consistent sponsor for his work.
Even though Boudin was continually submitting to both the Parisian salons and many other provincial Salons, he had yet to receive the public and private presence for which he had hoped. It was not until around 1869 that his name began to be recognized on a more regularized basis. He had continued exhibiting at the Parisian Salon since his debut in 1859 and had also begun working with exhibitions in the cities of Rouen, Pau, Roubaix and Grenoble. In 1870 he was sought out by a Belgian dealer, M. Gauchez, who commissioned several works from him and invited him to Brussels at the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian war in 1870. Boudin remained here until August, 1871. Despite having several misgivings about the atmosphere and general environment in Brussels, he returned to Belgium in 1875 and 1876.
In 1874, a controversial exhibition at the photographer Nadar’s gallery took place, featuring a number of artists with audacious styles, such as Paul Cezanne, Edgar Degas, Monet, Camille Pissaro, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, among other avant-garde artists. It was the first Impressionist exhibition and Boudin, too, was an exhibitor. He submitted two canvases and several pastels and watercolors, while simultaneously exhibiting at the Parisian Salon (Quai du Portrieux (Riverbanks of Portrieux) and Rivage du Portrieux (Shore of Portrieux), showing Boudin’s diverse acceptance – being simultaneously present at the avant-garde exhibition at Nadar’s and the Salon, the latter being considered somewhat of an enemy of the former. This was the only Impressionists exhibition in which Boudin participated, but it was an important moment, showing the links between the past and future tendencies of French artists, Boudin acting as an important link between the two.
Despite being shown amongst some of the most progressive, young artists at this point, Boudin was an older man, competing against the energy of youth that slowly began to fail him. His close friends, Millet, Courbet and Corot all passed away within in the mid-1870s, leaving him with a deep feeling of despair exacerbated by his own malady of facial neuralgia, which would inhibit him for the rest of his life. However, it was also at this point that Boudin finally began to earn the respect and public renown which had been years in the making. Boudin’s successes at the Salon and his interactions with Durand-Ruel made the 1880s the moment of large-scale arrival – 1881 was the year that “marked the beginning of an ‘official’ interest in Boudin,” as he recounted in his journal. (quoted in Jean-Aubry & Schmit, pg. 95) The critic Edmond Duranty took notice of this and wrote that (quoted in Jean-Aubry & Schmit, pg. 233):
This artist’s impulsive intelligence and initiative has never, since he began to exhibit, won him any recompense: this is a glaring injustice that one must never cease to publicize. They will let this painter grow old, they will let illness weaken him and they will make his decline their pretext for abandoning him to this death, uncaring of his great value.
He did, eventually, achieve such recompense, in the form of notoriety, public acceptance and sales, and awards. In 1881 Boudin received his first medal from the Salon jury, a third class medal for La Meuse a Rotterdam (The Meuse River at Rotterdam) and in 1883 received a second-class medal for L’Entrée (The Entrance) and La Sortie (The Departure). His paintings were also often purchased by the State, such as his 1886 Salon entry Un Grain (A Grain) in 1888, La Corvette Russe Dans le Bassin de L’Eure – Le Havre (Russian Corvette in the Basin of the Eure River – Le Havre), and in 1892, Rade de Villefranche (Villefranche Roadstead), the same year he was named a Chevalier of the Legion of Honor. He continued to submit to the Salon until his death in 1898.
Apart from his successful Salon entries, his partnership with Durand-Ruel had proved financially successful. In 1883, Durand-Ruel opened his new gallery on the Boulevard de la Madeleine in Paris with an exhibition of works by Boudin, comprising 150 paintings and other pastels and drawings. Boudin’s sales and successes continued with an 1888 auction at the Hotel Druout in Paris. In 1889, 1890, and 1891, more successive shows were organized at Galerie Durand-Ruel, and in 1890 he had been elected a member of the Société des Beaux-Arts. His work traveled across the Atlantic where it was also exhibited in Boston (1890, 1891). His works were in demand, but he had not the strength to keep up with the demand. His true honor and acceptance had come too late, but he continued his work, as he noted, “I exhaust myself terribly to content the world, and never manage to content myself.” (quoted in Jean-Aubry & Schmit, pg. 115)
Boudin became frailer and he was encouraged to spend the winter months in the south of France, near the cities of Villefranche, Antibes, and Beaulieu. He traveled further east to Venice, as well, and eventually returned to the north of France and painted at Dieppe, Fécamp, Le Havre and into surrounding countries. He had once written in his journal, “I am obsessed with the idea of leaving. I must travel, for that would probably relax me.” (quoted Jean-Aubry & Schmit, pg. 21) His wife had passed away in 1889 and it was in traveling and painting that he found his solace. Sensing an impending death, he returned to Deauville, next to the sea, in 1898, where he died on August 8th of that same year, most likely from stomach cancer.
In a career that lasted over half a century, Boudin produced over 4,000 paintings and over 7,000 drawings, watercolors, and pastels. (Hamilton, pg. 9) Though his production was fecund, it was not until much later in his life that he began to be more fully recognized for the talents that he had been developing for decades. He remained steadfast in his dedication to the sea and moved from location to location to satisfy his aesthetic desire. His career is important not only for being an influential artist for a younger generation of Impressionists, but for his ability to cross the borders of a over-politicized and bureaucratic artistic system that often stifled many artists’ ability to successfully and easily gain a public presence. His participation in such varied exhibitions – from the large scale of the Parisian Salon to more progressive exhibitions such as the Impressionist exhibition and those of the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts – gave him an opportunity to be associated with artists and patrons at varying levels and interests. By the end of his career, Boudin was regarded as the premier marine painter whose popularity continued to grow after his death in 1898.
Many of Boudin’s painting can be found in the Musée Eugène Boudin in Honfleur as well as the Musée d’Orsay in Paris. The Louvre also possesses the largest collection of Boudin’s original watercolors, pastels, and drawings. His work is also featured in numerous other provincial museums throughout France, some of which are located in Pau, Lisieux, Dijon, Evreux, Valenciennes, Rennes, Douai, Rouen, Lyon, Bordeaux, Caen, and Lille. His work is also part of several American collections including the Metropolitan Museum of Art. | <urn:uuid:3a000982-b226-4de5-8746-f8a07334f697> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.rehs.com/view_image.html?image_no=1573 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00241-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.983086 | 5,167 | 2.640625 | 3 |
ST WALSTAN OF BAWBURGH
In the year 975 a child was born in the village of Bawburgh, a few miles to the west of Norwich in Norfolk(1). His parents were called Benedict and Blide and were nobles related to the English Royal Family of the House of Wessex. His mother indeed was a kinswoman of King Ethelred and his son Edmund Ironside(2). This child was baptized Walstan.
From the example of his parents, who possessed books, the child Walstan studied the Scriptures. In particular he was troubled by the meaning and implications of a verse in the Gospel of St Luke (14, 33): 'Whosoever he be of you that forsaketh not all that he hath, he cannot be my disciple'. At the age of seven Walstan received instruction in the Faith from Bishop Theodred of Elmham with the assistance of Fr Ælred, the parish priest of Bawburgh. At this early date the child Walstan pledged to renounce all for love of God, asking not for an earthly crown as he of noble blood might perhaps expect, but for a crown of thorns and an eternal reward. He vowed to devote himself to God in humility and anonymity, forsaking the material security of his home and his ties of nobility.
Shortly before his thirteenth birthday, Walstan told his parents that he must now leave their home. Although forewarned of their son's renunciation in a dream, Benedict and Blide were reluctant to let their son depart. Eventually, however, they realised that this was God's Will for him and they consented to his wish(3).
Thus Walstan left his parents' home and took to the road. Almost at once he met two beggars to whom he gave his rich garments. He then walked on northwards, clad in the poorest of clothes, with no outward sign of his parents' wealth. Within an hour or so the path had taken him to the village of Taverham, only a few miles north of Bawburgh, where he rested. A landed peasant called Nalga saw him and, in need of a labourer, offered Walstan work. The latter agreed.
Walstan soon gained a reputation for hard work and piety and also developed an affinity with the poor and was charitable in the extreme, giving both his food and clothing to those less fortunate than himself. Often he would carry out his work barefoot, having given away even his shoes. Nalga's wife, seeing him thus, once gave him new shoes and extra food. Within a short time Walstan had given all away to two passing beggars, one of them barefoot. When Nalga and his wife heard this, they were angry with him, but Walstan answered that the men had been sent providentially by God to find out whether he, Walstan, loved God more than himself: 'I shod Christ in the poor man', he said. The wife sneered at this and ordered Walstan to take a cart to the forest to fetch a load of briars, treading the thorns well down with his unshod feet. Miraculously, Walstan appeared to be treading on rose leaves and the thorns, as soft as petals ever were, gave out a sweet fragrance. Seeing this, Nalga and his wife fell at Walstan's feet and begged forgiveness. Thus did Walstan 'forsake all' to be the Lord's disciple and win 'a crown of thorns'.
Over the years Walstan became known and loved for his prayer and fasting, hard work, chastity and love for all. As a sign of His approval, God allowed miracles to occur through His servant. Animals were brought to him to be healed and people too claimed cures through his prayers and ministrations. Whatever he did, God blessed. Everything prospered through his labours. All the while he continued to live in poverty, keeping his royal identity a secret and giving away the money he earned. Such was the secret of his anonymity that even his parents, only a few miles away at Bawburgh, never came to suspect that the good-hearted labourer at Taverham, of whom they must have heard, could be their son.
So it was that Nalga and his wife, having no children of their own, grew to love Walstan and made him many gifts, wanting to make him their heir. True to his self-denial in accordance with the Gospel, he refused all this, continuing to labour on the land for thirty years of unbroken service. Finally, he did accept from Nalga the gift of two white calves and a small wagon. However this was not for covetousness sake but to fulfil God's Will, an angel having commanded him to do so.
In May 1016, at the start of hay making, Walstan was mowing with another labourer when an angel appeared to him, saying: 'Brother Walstan, on the third day after this thou shalt depart this life in peace and enter Paradise'. At once Walstan put down his scythe and went in search of the village priest. The next day, being a Saturday, Walstan stopped work at midday in accordance with the laws of the Church, for this was the eve of the Sabbath Day. Then there could be heard the ringing of heavenly bells and an indescribable unearthly music: the heavens opened and angels appeared ringing to the glory and praise of the Undivided Trinity.
Now, that Saturday afternoon Nalga went to the market in Norwich, which was then under the government of the Danish King Canute. To his amazement he heard there a proclamation that anyone knowing the whereabouts of Walstan, son of Benedict and Blide and kinsman of the English King Edmund of the House of Wessex, should inform the authorities. Nalga learned that the Danes under Canute were about to take over the whole of England. The proclamation warned that whoever was sheltering Walstan must deliver him up forthwith or else forsake both his wealth and his life. Alarmed, Nalga hastened back to Taverham. 'What shall I say', he asked, 'when I tell the Danes that all the while I have kept thee, heir to the Kingdom of England, here'. Walstan answered that he must tell the truth and that he was his servant. He then disclosed the angelic revelation and asked Nalga to tell the priest to come to him on Monday when Walstan would be at work so that he could confess and take communion.
Thus it was that on Monday 30 May 1016 the village priest came to Walstan as he was mowing in the fields. He had worked with his scythe until the morning ended and then his hour came. As the priest prepared to give Walstan communion, he realised that he had no water to wash their hands. Walstan prayed and at once a spring gushed up before him as he knelt in prayer. Having then taken communion, he told those gathered there that after his repose, they were to place his body on the wagon and yoke it to the two white calves. No one should lead them, but the calves should go where God pleased. He then besought God that every sick labourer and beast should obtain healing of their infirmity, provided that they asked with reverent devotion. At that a voice was heard from heaven, saying: 'O Holy Walstan, that which thou hast asked is granted. Come from thy labours and rest'
With that Walstan gave up the ghost and a white dove was seen flying upwards.
As directed, Nalga and the people of Taverham laid Walstan's body on the wagon and attached the calves to it. The calves then proceeded along the banks of the River Wensum and through a wood. At the deepest point of the river they crossed, passing over the water dry shod and those who followed passed along dry wheel tracks and hoof prints. The white calves came to Costessey Wood nearby and stopped to rest. Here a second spring gushed forth and flowed with clear water.
The procession, gaining in numbers, then continued, crossing marsh and mire, until they came to Walstan's birthplace, Bawburgh, near where the land rises away from the banks of the River Yare. Here they paused again and a third spring gushed up. The calves then mounted the steep hill to the Church and entered through an opening in the wall, made by angels, which then closed up behind them. They remained there until the third afternoon when Bishop Ælfgar of Elmham came with monks for the funeral service.
The Bishop, knowing from his predecessor Theodred something of Walstan's childhood, listened attentively to Nalga and the local people. They told him of the many wonders of Walstan and the Bishop made diligent enquiries as to the truth(4). Then, being satisfied, he allowed the relics to be venerated as those of a Saint and sent notice to that effect to all the neighbouring churches (5).
The body was enshrined in a chapel in the north transept of Bawburgh church. With the Bishop's blessing and by popular consent (6), the site became a place of pilgrimage. Through Walstan's intercessions, the Lord bestowed miracles of healing on man and beast alike and all those who sought healing at the three springs were rewarded with cure. In particular the possessed were exorcised, the deaf and dumb were healed and those with troubled eyesight had it restored by bathing their eyes in the water from the spring at Bawburgh. And in 1047 the enhanced church and shrine chapel were rededicated by Bishop Æthelmar of Elmham to Mary the Mother of God and St Walstan.
The veneration of St Walstan survived 'the first reformation of the English Church'(7); the 'Old Faith' continued for a while yet. St Walstan was portrayed in a number of mediæval churches with other 'Eastern Saints'. Thus at Great Ryburgh in Norfolk, he may be seen with St Felix, St Audrey and St Withburgh. At Fritton on the Norfolk-Suffolk border, he is portrayed together with St Felix, St Fursey, St Audrey and St Withburgh. At Foxearth on the Essex-Suffolk border he is shown on a screen together with St Alban, St Felix and St Edmund. His portraits depict him with a scythe and a crown or sceptre, at times with the two white calves in the background. St Walstan was particularly beloved of East Anglian farmers and farm workers. Indeed his shrine continued as a site of pilgrimage until the second reformation of the English Church. Sadly at that 'reformation', the holy relics were burned and the shrine chapel destroyed in 1538.
However, local veneration has continued right up to the present time and people have continued to bathe their eyes in the springs, place moss from the springs on their eyes, especially that from Bawburgh, and also give the waters to sick animals. At Taverham one may still find 'Walstanham Plantation', the reputed site of Nalga's farm and the Saint's repose. In the nineteenth century, if not more recently, local Catholics baptised their sons 'Walstan'. Annual pilgrimages were revived at the beginning of the twentieth century; that of 1912 united five hundred people. They have continued regularly ever since. Healings have taken place within living memory. As recently as 1989 St Walstan was declared 'Patron-Saint of British Food and Farming'. And in 1998 there took place the first Orthodox pilgrimage to Bawburgh, which is to be continued in the future (8).
Holy Righteous Walstan, pray to God for us!
(1) The Life of St Walstan provides a good example of a local saint. His veneration never spread outside the Eastern Counties. Details of his Life were no doubt compiled by the East Anglian bishops of the first half of the eleventh century, but all was later lost. The Life as it now appears was probably written down only in the fourteenth century and the versions that we have are later still. We have therefore removed from its retelling here mediæval anachronisms such as Walstan's first communion at age seven. (Right up until the end of the twelfth century, confirmation and therefore communion followed baptism very closely, usually within weeks or months in accordance with ancient Christian tradition).
(2) According to the Life of St Walstan, his mother Blide was related to Elgiva, the first wife of King Ethelred 'the Unready'. Ethelred's fateful rule had begun from the martyrdom of his half-brother Edward the Martyr on 18 March 978 and lasted until 23 April 1015 when he died. Ethelred would never have been King if it had not been for Edward's martyrdom. Everything this hapless man undertook went awry and he not only managed to lose most of his Kingdom to the Danish Canute at the beginning of the eleventh century but also married a second time into the Norman ruling family, thus ensuring the Norman Invasion in 1066. He was succeeded by his valiant son Edmund 'Ironside', who nearly defeated the Danish Cnut or Canute. Edmund fathered two children between 1016 and 1017 but he himself died on 30 November 1016. Blide or 'Blythe', whose name means 'Joy', reposed in old age. She was revered as a saint at Martham, some fifteen miles to the north west of Norwich where she was buried. Here a chapel was dedicated to her and there was a local cult in Norfolk. We do not know the date of her feast.
(3) It is interesting to note the resemblance between the Life of the Righteous St Walstan and that of St Alexis of Rome, 'the Man of God', commemorated on 17 March.
(4) The Bishops of Norfolk referred to in the Life are all historic figures. Their See was then at North Elmham in central Norfolk. This was transferred to Thetford and then Norwich only later by the Normans. Theodred II was bishop from 980 to 995, Ælfgar from 1001 to 1021 and Æthelmar from 1047 to 1070.
(5) This would have been the starting-point of the first written Life of St Walstan - since lost.
(6) In Orthodox theology these few words are the very definition of the difference between 'glorification' (popular consent and veneration) and 'canonisation' (official investigation and episcopal blessing and confirmation). Some do not realise this and incorrectly deny the existence of the canonisation process in the Orthodox Church. Of course that process is very different from that in the Roman Catholic Church. The latter only developed its present canonisation process in the Middle Ages.
(7) See Carol Twinch, In Search of St Walstan, Norwich 1995, P. 36.
(8) For a description of the 1998 Orthodox Pilgrimage, see Orthodox England, Vol 2, No 3.
(c) Orthodox England - Published within the English Deanery of the Church Outside Russia: with the blessing of the Very Reverend Mark, Archbishop of Great Britain and Ireland. | <urn:uuid:0668a91e-aab8-466c-b0cb-42ca722f7ed9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.orthodoxengland.org.uk/v04i4.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.983534 | 3,200 | 2.4375 | 2 |
RT Book, Whole DB /z-wcorg/ DS http://worldcat.org ID 36430746 LA English T1 Plácido Domingo A1 Schnauber, Cornelius., PB Northeastern University Press PP Boston YR 1997 SN 1555533159 9781555533151 AB A tireless performer, conductor, and ambassador for opera, Placido Domingo is one of today's greatest and most popular tenors. His remarkably diverse and challenging repertoire includes opera, operattas, musicals, Spanish and Mexican folk songs, and popular tunes. This intriuguing biography focuses on Domingo's accomplishments over the past ten years, offering a fascinating portrait of the artist against the backdrop of the contemporary music scene. Drawing on interviews. With Domingo, his wife, Marta, colleagues, and music critics, author Cornelius Schnauber richly depicts both the private and the public man. He critically examines the many facets of Domingo's career, exploring the tenor's extraordinary work as a stage, film, and video performer, a recording artist, and a conductor. Schnauber provides a detailed analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of Domingo's vocal technique in different settings and genres. In addition, he. Discusses Domingo's powerful acting talent, which draws on the Stanislavsky method, and his ability to give a unique interpretation to each role he performs. | <urn:uuid:93c21b24-e61a-46bb-913c-75d50261d49d> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.worldcat.org/title/placido-domingo/oclc/036430746?client=worldcat.org-detailed_record&page=refworks | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988725475.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183845-00509-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.90989 | 295 | 1.625 | 2 |
This map plots the settings and references in Gulliver's Travels
To start exploring, click a red pin
In the 17th century in England, life expectancy was only about thirty-five years, so it was common to make faster beginnings. It was quite normal to enter college in the mid-teens.
Swift attended Trinity College when he was fourteen. | <urn:uuid:ce613ce8-04ca-4917-b29d-55cfcae16e44> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.bookdrum.com/books/gullivers-travels/9780141439495/map.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00494-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968352 | 75 | 2.0625 | 2 |
The public is convinced that unintended acceleration in Toyota vehicles has been resolved. After all, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration has reassured the public that “the verdict is in . . . there is no electronic-based cause for unintended high-speed acceleration in Toyotas. Period.” Toyota blamed the unintended acceleration problem on driver error and floor mats and recalled millions of vehicles to install proper floor mats. The public’s confidence in this resolution is evident in Toyota’s sales numbers. In the first six months of 2012, Toyota sold 5 million vehicles, making it the second manufacturer in sales, just behind GM.
But what the public doesn’t know could hurt it. Despite the recalls and efforts by NHTSA to convince the public that individuals are at fault and responsible for unintended accelerations, complaints of unintended acceleration continue to come in. Safety Research and Strategies, Inc. found that between June 1, 2011 and July 17, 2012, 368 total incidents of unintended acceleration were reported to NHTSA by Toyota consumers. Of these incidents, 36 involved vehicles that had already been recalled prior to the accident, meaning the floor mats could not possibly have been the problem. Injuries were reported in 95 of the incidents.
In July 2012, Iowa Senator Charles E. Grassley sent a letter to NHTSA asking the agency to reopen its investigation of the Toyota unintended acceleration issue. Senator Grassley claims that he received evidence from whistleblowers that electronic issues caused unintended acceleration. The Senator was not satisfied by NHTSA’s and NASA’s conclusion that electronic defects did not cause Toyota’s unintended acceleration. In its report, NASA found evidence of tin whiskers in a Toyota pedal assembly. Tin whiskers are “electronically conductive, crystalline structures of tin that sometimes grow from surfaces where tin (especially electroplated tin) is used as a final finish.” The tin whiskers found in the Toyota pedal assembly were said to have caused a short circuit, which could cause unintended acceleration.
Of course, Toyota maintains that unintended acceleration can only be caused by driver error and floor mats entrapping the gas pedal. In response to Senator Grassley’s probe, Toyota stated that “no one has ever found a single real-world example of tin whiskers causing an unintended acceleration event.” NHTSA has refused to reopen the investigation and has concluded that while tin whiskers may cause a “jumpy” throttle, they did not cause the Toyota unintended acceleration problem.
Toyota cannot continue to blame floor mats for unintended acceleration when the same cars that were recalled and equipped with secure floor mats are continuing to experience unintended acceleration. If you would like more information on unintended acceleration, please contact Stephanie Stephens or Graham Esdale, lawyers in our Personal Injury/Products Liability Section, at 800-898-2034 or by email at Stephanie.Stephens@beasleyallen.com or Graham.Esdale@beasleyallen.com.
Sources: Safety Research and Strategies, Autoguide.com, NHTSA
Contact us today for a free legal consultation with an experienced attorney.
Fields marked *may be required for submission.
If you would like to subscribe to the Jere Beasley Report digital edition, simply visit our Subscriptions page and provide the necessary information or call us at 800-898-2034.
Attorney Advertising - Prior results do not guarantee a similar outcome. | <urn:uuid:0c78eb41-65de-483e-a484-908fdba416bb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.jerebeasleyreport.com/2012/11/toyota-continues-to-sweep-unintended-acceleration-problem-under-the-rug/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00295-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948172 | 707 | 1.914063 | 2 |
[ Help | Earliest Comments | Latest Comments ][ List All Subjects of Discussion | Create New Subject of Discussion ][ List Latest Comments Only For Pages | Games | Rated Pages | Rated Games | Subjects of Discussion ]Comments/Ratings for a Single Item Later ⇩Reverse Order⇧ Earlier Perleberger Bridge Chess. Missing description (8x9, Cells: 66) [All Comments] [Add Comment or Rating]Charles Gilman wrote on 2010-09-30 UTCOr even Stewards, which move one step along any orthogonal without capturing, and capture one step along any diagonal. Why hasn't that piece got its own Piececlopedia page by now? Daniil Frolov wrote on 2010-09-29 UTCMaybe, it should have normal pawns, wich moves sideways, or berolina pawns, wich captures sideways (even more interesrting)? Or pawns, hopping over river (but diagonal hop can be two-step diagonal or knight's move, it must be specified before playing). Daniil Frolov wrote on 2010-09-29 UTCI was thinking of similar game. But it had only 7 ranks (river is on 3rd), two one-square bridges in front of bishops or knights and no pawns (castling is probably not useful). Martin Janecke wrote on 2009-12-15 UTCHi Charles: The Berolina Pawns are not restricted in their movement by anything but the 'river' in the 5th rank. You are indeed right: There are a few cells where pawns can get stuck. So there are situations where a player will have to decide whether taking an opponent's piece is worth his own Berolina pawn getting trapped or not. What happens if a Berolina pawn is trapped? Nothing special: If the pawn cannot move it will have to stay were it is or be taken by the opponent. I hope that's not too annoying? I'm aware that being blocked by one's opponent at the bridge can become an issue already and space is short anyway. But well, that's what happens when battling at a bridge... ;-) Charles Gilman wrote on 2009-12-14 UTCAre the Berolina Pawns restricted ones that have to move toward or within the middle two files until they cross the bridge? If not, what happens if they get trapped on their own side of the bridge? Likewise, what happens if they capture so many times on their own side of the bridge that they get trapped? 5 comments displayedLater ⇩Reverse Order⇧ EarlierPermalink to the exact comments currently displayed. | <urn:uuid:a8e7858a-ee1e-4acb-97b1-2b3593bd56b6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.chessvariants.com/index/listcomments.php?itemid=MSperleberger-bridge-chess&order=DESC | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.948279 | 536 | 1.523438 | 2 |
GCSE continues to be the national educational benchmark for England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Departments choose whether GCSEs or IGCEs offer the best preparation for their pupils. We offer a wide selection of subject options, please see below for further details.
For pupils joining us from overseas in Year 11, we offer the One Year GCSE also known as the Pre-IB.
Choosing your subjects
Most pupils take up to ten subjects. The core GCSE subjects at Gresham’s consist of English Language, English Literature, Mathematics, all three Sciences and a Modern Foreign Language. Pupils will have the choice of studying three separate GCSEs in Biology, Chemistry and Physics or a double award in Combined Science. We would envisage that those wanting to go onto a Sixth Form programme involving
a Science subject would take separate Sciences. The taking of Combined Science does not preclude any pupil from continuing in any Science through to A Level or the IB Diploma Programme or degree level, assuming a sufficiently high grade is achieved.
Pupils study the core subjects and then choose a further three subjects, or four if they have selected Combined Science. Occasionally, this may be reduced with the agreement of parents and the Deputy Head (Academic).
The core GCSE subjects at Gresham’s are:
- English Language
- English Literature
- All three Sciences (Biology, Chemistry and Physics) or Combined Science (a double award)
- One Modern Foreign Language (French, Spanish, German, Mandarin or Japanese).
All pupils will then make the choice of 4 optional subjects in preference order. Depending on whether the pupil chooses to take three individual Sciences or the double award in Combined Science, these will be 3 choices and a reserve, or 4 choices.
- Computer Science
- English as a Second Language
- Graphic Communication
- Physical Education
- Religious Studies
- Three Dimensional Design
- Another Modern Foreign Language (French, Spanish, German, Mandarin or Japanese).
Find out more about the GCSE programme offered at Gresham’s in our GCSE Prospectus.
One Year GCSE Course (Pre-IB)
This one year course in Year 11 offers pupils the chance to study seven or eight subjects and is excellent preparation for the IB Diploma or A levels. | <urn:uuid:37ec8997-9a57-4ad9-898e-fa923118a50f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.greshams.com/senior-school/curriculum/gcse/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00264.warc.gz | en | 0.893302 | 507 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Washington County School District participates in the Utah Essential Elements Digital Teaching and Learning Grant Program. This program brings additional funding to our district for supporting innovative teaching and learning that appropriately incorporates digital technologies. As part of this program, we have created a strategic plan that outlines our goals and overall strategy for digital learning. We focus on three keys that support high-impact teaching strategies. They are:
- Deeper Learning
- Personalized Learning
- Future Ready Skill Sets
You can find out more about our plan by clicking here. | <urn:uuid:0d49cd59-8a00-4c9a-8d5b-7fa5f7936b50> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://washk12.org/digital-learning/digital-learning-plan | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.93409 | 105 | 2.296875 | 2 |
HASHING IT OUT: Facebook is introducing hashtags, the number signs used on Twitter, Instagram and other services to identify topics being discussed and allow users to search for them.
HOW IT WORKS: Users will be able to click a hashtag to see a feed of discussions about a topic. For example, typing a hashtag in front of "ladygaga" or "sunset" will turn the words into links to find posts about Lady Gaga or sunsets.
MORE AHEAD: Facebook said hashtags are a first step toward making it easier for users to find out what others are discussing. More features are planned.
- Arts & Entertainment | <urn:uuid:d3c759ee-0394-4c0a-a429-f9f045aa99d7> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://news.yahoo.com/news-summary-facebook-introduces-hashtags-222853968.html?.tsrc=samsunsquirt-movie-meridla/s.co.uk/graphics/white/facilities/symsquirt-movie-meridla/digitalni-odmeroC-CARDIFF_.TTF-/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719286.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00499-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.888703 | 133 | 2.125 | 2 |
A Commentary, Critical, Practical, and Explanatory on the Old and New Testaments, by Robert Jamieson, A.R. Fausset and David Brown at sacred-texts.com
gen 42:1JOURNEY INTO EGYPT. (Gen. 42:1-38)
Now when Jacob saw that there was corn in Egypt--learned from common rumor. It is evident from Jacob's language that his own and his sons' families had suffered greatly from the scarcity; and through the increasing severity of the scourge, those men, who had formerly shown both activity and spirit, were sinking into despondency. God would not interpose miraculously when natural means of preservation were within reach.
gen 42:5the famine was in the land of Canaan--The tropical rains, which annually falling swell the Nile, are those of Palestine also; and their failure would produce the same disastrous effects in Canaan as in Egypt. Numerous caravans of its people, therefore, poured over the sandy desert of Suez, with their beasts of burden, for the purchase of corn; and among others, "the sons of Israel" were compelled to undertake a journey from which painful associations made them strongly averse.
gen 42:6Joseph was the governor--in the zenith of his power and influence.
he it was that sold--that is, directed the sales; for it is impossible that he could give attendance in every place. It is probable, however, that he may have personally superintended the storehouses near the border of Canaan, both because that was the most exposed part of the country and because he must have anticipated the arrival of some messengers from his father's house.
Joseph's brethren came, and bowed down themselves before him--His prophetic dreams [Gen 37:5-11] were in the course of being fulfilled, and the atrocious barbarity of his brethren had been the means of bringing about the very issue they had planned to prevent (Isa 60:14; Rev 3:9, last clause).
gen 42:7Joseph saw his brethren, and he knew them, . . . but they knew not him--This is not strange. They were full-grown men--he was but a lad at parting. They were in their usual garb--he was in his official robes. They never dreamt of him as governor of Egypt, while he had been expecting them. They had but one face; he had ten persons to judge by.
made himself strange unto them, and spake roughly--It would be an injustice to Joseph's character to suppose that this stern manner was prompted by any vindictive feelings--he never indulged any resentment against others who had injured him. But he spoke in the authoritative tone of the governor in order to elicit some much-longed-for information respecting the state of his father's family, as well as to bring his brethren, by their own humiliation and distress, to a sense of the evils they had done to him.
gen 42:9Ye are spies--This is a suspicion entertained regarding strangers in all Eastern countries down to the present day. Joseph, however, who was well aware that his brethren were not spies, has been charged with cruel dissimulation, with a deliberate violation of what he knew to be the truth, in imputing to them such a character. But it must be remembered that he was sustaining the part of a ruler; and, in fact, acting on the very principle sanctioned by many of the sacred writers, and our Lord Himself, who spoke parables (fictitious stories) to promote a good end.
gen 42:15By the life of Pharaoh--It is a very common practice in Western Asia to swear by the life of the king. Joseph spoke in the style of an Egyptian and perhaps did not think there was any evil in it. But we are taught to regard all such expressions in the light of an oath (Mat 5:34; Jam 5:12).
gen 42:17put them . . . into ward three days--Their confinement had been designed to bring them to salutary reflection. And this object was attained, for they looked upon the retributive justice of God as now pursuing them in that foreign land. The drift of their conversation is one of the most striking instances on record of the power of conscience [Gen 42:21-22].
gen 42:24took . . . Simeon, and bound him--He had probably been the chief instigator--the most violent actor in the outrage upon Joseph; and if so, his selection to be the imprisoned and fettered hostage for their return would, in the present course of their reflections, have a painful significance.
gen 42:25Joseph commanded to fill their sacks with corn, and to restore every man's money--This private generosity was not an infringement of his duty--a defrauding of the revenue. He would have a discretionary power--he was daily enriching the king's exchequer--and he might have paid the sum from his own purse.
gen 42:27inn--a mere station for baiting beasts of burden.
he espied his money--The discovery threw them into greater perplexity than ever. If they had been congratulating themselves on escaping from the ruthless governor, they perceived that now he would have a handle against them; and it is observable that they looked upon this as a judgment of heaven. Thus one leading design of Joseph was gained in their consciences being roused to a sense of guilt.
gen 42:35as they emptied their sacks, that, behold, every man's . . . money was in his sack--It appears that they had been silent about the money discovery at the resting-place, as their father might have blamed them for not instantly returning. However innocent they knew themselves to be, it was universally felt to be an unhappy circumstance, which might bring them into new and greater perils.
gen 42:36Me have ye bereaved--This exclamation indicates a painfully excited state of feeling, and it shows how difficult it is for even a good man to yield implicit submission to the course of Providence. The language does not imply that his missing sons had got foul play from the hands of the rest, but he looks upon Simeon as lost, as well as Joseph, and he insinuates it was by some imprudent statements of theirs that he was exposed to the risk of losing Benjamin also.
gen 42:37Reuben spake, . . . Slay my two sons, if I bring him not to thee--This was a thoughtless and unwarrantable condition--one that he never seriously expected his father would accept. It was designed only to give assurance of the greatest care being taken of Benjamin. But unforeseen circumstances might arise to render it impossible for all of them to preserve that young lad (Jam 4:13), and Jacob was much pained by the prospect. Little did he know that God was dealing with him severely, but in kindness (Heb 12:7-8), and that all those things he thought against Him were working together for his good. | <urn:uuid:3a6ba2fe-9f5c-41c3-b067-8152aedd0df9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://sacred-texts.com/bib/cmt/jfb/gen042.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281151.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00113-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.987981 | 1,471 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Watch what you click this week. Air New Zealand is the latest airline at the center of an internet scam asking people to enter their personal information with the promise of two free airlines tickets to anywhere in the world. The post, which appeared on Facebook, asked participants to answer three survey questions, then required them to share the results on their wall and send the promotion on to 15 friends. The social media link directed people to a promotion page where guidelines said the 'contest' was only open to U.S. residents and 20 entrants would win flights, wrote one victim of the scam on Twitter.
The airline quickly became aware of the issue and took to Twitter to warn customers. “We are aware of a phishing scam and are working with Facebook to have this removed,” read the message. “Please do not click on any suspicious links.”
Ryanair also fell victim to a similar scam, after a Facebook post claimed there was an offer to "Get 2 Free Tickets on its 35th Anniversary." The post was accompanied with an image of a boarding pass that gave the first indication that something was phishy. First, it had a Qantas flight number; second, it showed the seat number 4K, which doesn’t exist on Ryanair. Once aware of the fake promotion, Ryanair also took to Twitter on August 29 to warn people: “Please be aware of an online scam offering free Ryanair tickets. This is not an official promotion.”
Aer Lingus publicly commented about a similar scam earlier this month writing, "We're aware of an online scam offering free Aer Lingus tickets. This is NOT an official Aer Lingus promotion. For your own information security, please don't click on any posts in your Newsfeed similar to this one."
To avoid getting caught in a scam like this one yourself, be sure to pay attention to a few key things. Although we hate fine print, there's bound to be a lot of it on promotional offer, so read it. Many promos come with restrictions like nonrefundable reservations and explanations of additional costs. Though those same restrictions may put a damper on your plans, sweepstakes without them are likely too good to be true. Also, if there's a deal to be had, the official social media accounts of the airline are bound to promote it themselves. Check the company's Facebook, Twitter, and website (the official ones; there are also plenty of fake accounts out there) to double check there is an authentic offer. | <urn:uuid:8d855199-02da-426a-a583-6471daf5e0f8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.cntraveler.com/story/those-free-air-new-zealand-tickets-are-too-good-to-be-true | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280825.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00203-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97076 | 518 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Last year, an American non-profit organization called Stop Predatory Gambling produced a short documentary video called Play to Extinction about electronic gambling machines - also called slots - and their pernicious, addictive, harmful designs.
The term "play to extinction" is industry jargon for a player continuing to gamble until all their money is gone, i.e. the primary objective of the casino.
The documentary quotes John Kindt, professor of business and legal policy at the University of Illinois: "The US National Gambling Impact Study Commission calls these electronic gambling machines the 'crack cocaine of creating new addicted gamblers."
Sounds like Councillor Sam Merulla was onto something after all when he compared OLG to "crack dealers".
I'll close with a scathing comment by civil rights historian Taylor Branch:
State sponsored gambling is an essential corruption of democracy, because it violates the most basic premises that make democracy unique: that you're in this together. That's what a compact of citizens is. And the first step away from that is to play each other for suckers. We're going to trick them into thinking that they're going to get rich, and they're really going to be paying my taxes.
Ultimately, a casino is nothing more than a voluntary tax collection centre. It is designed to keep gamblers inside for as long as possible and the game is rigged so that the casino always collects more than it pays out. "The more you play, the more you lose" is a mathematical certainty.
You must be logged in to comment. | <urn:uuid:6e695957-c63c-4e36-9491-53f42cbe9e8b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.raisethehammer.org/blog/2621/video:_play_to_extinction | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00129-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959928 | 318 | 2.109375 | 2 |
To be frank, I had fairly high expectations for this section–based on engaging class discussions–but the exams were disappointing. The exams at the top of the class were excellent, but there was a sharp drop-off after the A- papers. Many of you missed the recognition issue, even though we spent an entire class period on exploring its meaning with Zivotofsky. Many of you missed the recess appointment issue, even though we spent a lot of time with it on Noel Canning. Many of you repeated maxims about ambition checking ambition without any context–as if you were trying to write something to score points. That won’t work. I can tell when you are fudging the answers. Also, given a 1,000 word limit, many of you couldn’t muster more than 500 or 600 words. Use the space you are given to show me what you’ve learned. You can do better. Last spring, the average score for my ConLaw final was 3.13. Yours was 2.975. Let’s try to get above a 3.0–and hopefully higher–for the final exam.
Here are some high-level observations about each question.
- The first question tested whether you could explain the recognition power of the executive. Although it is not clearly defined, it can be understood asa n extension of the President’s powers to receive ambassadors, appoint ambassadors, and negotiate treaties. Although the latter two are powers that are exercised concurrently with Congress, the reception clause is exercised independently. As the question was framed, the year is 1789. Citing Zivotofsky does not work. Ditto for Youngstown. Further, recognizing foreign countries is not ratifying a treaty, so the Senate would not need to vote on this.
- Although the President’s recognition power is likely exclusive, Congress remains free to use its powers over foreign commerce to affect relations with other nations. The Spanish Loyalty Act, even if it interfered with the President’s priorities were lawful.
- The question of whether the Senate has a role in removal is not clearly addressed by the Constitution, but due to the text of the appointments clause, the better argument is that Congress only needs to provide its “advice and consent” for the appointment. The famous “Decision of 1789” resulted in a tie vote in the Senate, with VP Adams casting a vote that the President did not need to seek the Senate’s permission before removal.
- This question tested whether a three-day intra-session recess was sufficient to trigger the President’s recess-appointment power. The better answers distinguished between inter-session and intra-session recesses, and explained if three-days was sufficient. Again, merely citing Noel Canning did not score any points.
- The final question gave you the most latitude. It can be argued (persuasively) that the Commander in Chief does not need a declaration of war, and the role of Congress was merely declaratory. Also, the President could have the power to repeal an imminent attack. Finally, arguably, Congress did authorize the attack, as it declared war against France. The President determined that Mexico was under French sovereignty, so he could rely on that authorization for use of military force.
As an aside, there were several close-to-real-life events in this troubling fact pattern.
- The first sentence is a paraphrase of Washington’s neutrality proclamation. “Shortly after President Washington’s inauguration on April 30, 1789, the peace and prosperity of the United States quickly became entangled in the toils of European ambition, rivalship, interest, humor, and caprice. “
- Citizen Genet visited the United States a few years earlier in this question.
- Washington did appoint Marshall as a minister to France, but he declined. Marshall did accept Adams’s appointment to the three-member commission in 1797, along with Charles Pinckney and Elbridge Gerry. Soon they would become embroiled in the XYZ affair.
- The article of impeachment is paraphrased from the articles against Andrew Johnson. “That said George Washington, President of the United States, on the 1st day of October, in the year of our Lord, 1789, unmindful of the high duties of his office, of his oath of office, and of the requirement of the Constitution that he should take care that the laws be faithfully executed, did unlawfully and in violation of the Constitution and laws of the United States engage in a state of war with Mexico, whereby said George Washington, President of the United States, did then and there commit, and was guilty of a high misdemeanor in office. “ | <urn:uuid:5ff2c3ef-e587-448c-b850-dc798d823074> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://joshblackman.com/blog/2015/10/13/constitutional-law-midterm/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.972627 | 978 | 2.328125 | 2 |
Looking back on last week’s ADP2-6 special session, it would be easy to echo the notes of pessimism that pervaded Saturday’s press reports. RTCC (Responding to Climate Change) commented after last Thursday’s stocktaking session that “much work remains” in the session’s last two days and noted the frustrated ADP Co-Chairs “offering government negotiators a stern reality check.” Artur Runge-Metzger acknowledged that the “ambition to finalize the two decisions is no longer possible in Bonn” because State Parties had “not touched on many important things.” Kishan Kumarsingh put it more bluntly, calling on delegates to “look yourselves in the eye; ask yourself if we are on track.”
Saturday’s Business Insider opened with these words: “Concern was high at a perceived lack of urgency as UN climate negotiations shuffled towards a close in Bonn on Saturday with just 14 months left to finalise a new, global pact. The six-day meeting of senior officials in the former West German capital was meant to lay the groundwork for the annual round of ministerial-level UN talks in Lima in December. In turn, the Lima forum must pave the way to a historic pact which nations have agreed must be signed in Paris next year, to curb planet-altering climate change. But some negotiators and observers expressed concern that the Bonn talks focused too much on restating well-known country positions on how responsibility for climate action must be shared.” BI quotes David Waskow of the World Resources Institute (WRI) saying that while the ADP2-6 talks had been constructive, “there is nervousness that the pace is somewhat slow” and Alden Meyer of the Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) echoing this concern more pithily: “People are starting to panic a little.”
Even some good news from individual countries – foreshadowing their INDCs or intended nationally determined commitments/contributions, the content of which was under negotiation all week in Bonn – did not appear to hearten negotiators. For example, the AFP (L’Agence France-Presse) announced on Thursday that “a European deal on curbing carbon emissions yielded a rare concrete input Friday to UN climate talks, but did little to ease frustration among negotiators demanding progress on a global pact in Bonn.” The EU-28’s agreement to cut GHG emissions by at least 40% by 2030 over 1990 levels (building on the EU’s current projected 20% decrease from 1990 to 2020), along with 27% renewable energy and energy efficiency targets, was hailed in Brussels but downplayed by some developing country negotiators in Bonn.
Claudia Salerno, Venezuela’s lead negotiator at the ADP (pictured at right facing the camera), spoke on behalf of the Like-Minded Developing Countries (LMDCs) negotiation bloc when she called the EU goals “too little and too late.” Likewise Sweden’s pledge of $550 million to the Green Climate Fund barely took the edge off developing countries concern about the slow progress of all developed countries in meeting their COP15 pledge of mobilizing $100 billion per year of climate finance by 2020. Even though the Swedish government’s press release announced that it is “now choosing to take greater responsibility for Sweden’s climate impact and is making a commitment ahead of Paris 2015 by increasing Green Climate Fund (GCF) financing by approximately USD 550 million (SEK 4 billion) and allocating an additional SEK 500 million to international climate action,” Bloomberg News led its Friday report on ADP2-6 with “a dispute about how to link greenhouse-gas emissions cuts to a promise from the wealthiest nations for $100 billion a year in climate aid emerged as a major stumbling block at UN talks on global warming.” As UCS’s Meyer observed, “there has to be some collective signal from the developed countries that the direction of climate finance will be upwards and not fall off a cliff. You need more clarity on post-2020 finance if you want to get an agreement in Paris.”
Finally, a Greenpeace report noted by the GCCA (Global Call for Climate Action) last week that China — now the world’s largest GHG emitter — had decreased its coal usage this year gained little traction in the Bonn talks. Because China burns almost half of the coal used worldwide each year, the fact that it decreased its coal consumption by about 2% while also growing its economy 7.4% and increasing its energy consumption by 4% indicates that the country is on track to meet the mitigation goals it announced at last month’s UN Climate Summit. This change looks to have resulted from a combination of several “bottom up” initiatives within China, including its National Energy Agency’s proposals to limit coal consumption growth to 2% (by more than doubling wind power capacity and increasing solar capacity fivefold between 2013 and 2020) and regional pledges in 12 of China’s 44 provinces (representing 44% of national coal usage) to limit their coal consumption and the launch of 8 regional carbon markets that prepares China to meet its national emissions trading scheme targeted for 2016.
At the ADP’s closing plenary, State Party delegates spoke out about the road from Bonn to Lima, ignoring the Co-Chairs’ request to end ADP2-6 without individual country interventions. A general theme was sounded by Bolivia speaking on behalf of the G77+China that was echoed by most parties: feeling the political pressure from civil society and wanting to avoid a “take it or leave it” situation in COP20’s final moments, the G77 urged the co-chairs to reorient the ADP’s work in Lima by starting with a clear working text and formal groups that focus negotiation on all core elements of agreement. Ecuador, representing the LMDCs, drew a very clear picture of what it wanted to avoid: “We represent sovereign states. We expect to negotiate with dignity,” not in huddles resulting from a mismanaged process. South Africa, concluding that “the latest version does not reflect the bridges that we’ve built,” additionally called for appointing facilitators to lead these focused groups and working specifically from an updated and reorganized version of the current non-paper. While directing her remarks to the Co-Chairs, the SA lead ADP negotiator reminded everyone in the room – State Party delegates, UNFCCC staff, civil society organizations – that “time is not on our side.” Picking up on this last point, the Swiss ADP lead negotiator, speaking for the EIG (Environmental Integrity Group, the only UNFCCC negotiating bloc to include both developing and developed country members), redirected negotiators’ frustration from the ADP leadership to its membership: “Slow motion this week due to speed limits imposed by parties on themselves, not by co-chairs.” He observed that the week’s focused work on mitigation commitments had been productive, permitting the parties to delve into more detail and nuance, and commended the Co-Chairs for “creating this space.”
Next stop on the road to Lima is this week’s 40th session of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC-40), which began meeting this morning at the Tivoli Conference Center in Copenhagen, Denmark. Its goal: to consider and finalize the IPCC’s Synthesis Report (SYR), which integrates and synthesizes the findings from the three Working Group (WG) reports already published. Taken together, the three WG reports and the SYR will make up the IPCC’s Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) that the 196 UNFCCC parties will rely on in Lima. From today until the final gavel on Friday, the IPCC will approve, line by line, the SYR’s Summary for Policymakers (SPM) and adopt the draft SYR – no mean feat, given that more than 800 authors and review editors from 85 countries have had a hand in preparing AR5 during the past six years. Maybe the IPCC’s process could suggest some conflict resolution techniques for the UNFCCC parties? | <urn:uuid:60c4f1e8-b237-4a80-9d53-8fe400c7f221> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wordpress.vermontlaw.edu/vlscop24/2014/10/27/the-road-from-bonn-to-lima-by-way-of-copenhagen-this-week/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00674.warc.gz | en | 0.951666 | 1,742 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Post:Discovering Minecraft Launcher
Then press “Esc” to open the menu. Hover on the arrow next to the large inexperienced Play button and click on to expand the menu. Once you’ve logged in, click the Play button and take pleasure in Minecraft-there’s really nothing extra to it! 5. Minecraft sport starts to download after clicking on the set up button. If you probably did every part in line with this guide and no unforeseen complications arrived, your mods ought to take rapid impact/appear immediately in your recreation. Now that you know how to install Minecraft mods, have a look on the best Minecraft mods for you. Now that you understand how to put in Minecraft mods, you’re in for a real treat. If you’re a Minecraft participant fascinated with exploring the wild (and generally whacky) world of Minecraft mods, you might want to start by putting in Minecraft Forge to your recreation. What if my Antivirus Program warns me about Forge? Steve is blogging Step 2. Run the Forge Program. Once you get the verification that Forge has been installed, open your Minecraft Launcher. This simply implies that some mods - especially ones from completely different creators - may not get alongside.
However, the sport was not particularly developed for the Chrome Working System which suggests gamers who own such units will find it difficult to download and install the Minecraft video recreation. Which means that the mods they create will almost certainly be something you’ve always needed in the Minecraft world or something that you didn’t know you wanted in the Minecraft world. This may launch Minecraft with Forge absolutely installed, ready for some modded content. It’s much easier for customers to create the content they need as a result of they’re privy to other consumers’ preferences, desires, and opinions. Need to learn how to code and create your own custom Minecraft mods utilizing Forge and Java? From there, you’ll should determine which one you want to maintain and which one you are able to do with out. Once you discover a mod that you really want, download it to either your default Downloads folder or have it downloaded to your mods folder immediately. You will simply find it so open it.
For those who replace Minecraft on the common, then your Minecraft version will most likely match the most recent Forge version. 3. Newest texture pack. We created our Minecraft non-public server name by utilizing a mix of our final title and our home city. You possibly can play Minecraft all through your life, building your own home and gathering tools, supplies, and different assets for future endeavors. Why Installing to Play Minecraft on a Chromebook? Once you’ve selected the .jar file and opened it, you can get Forge installed into Minecraft in simply two clicks. After years of trying to find it, a gaggle of decided Redditors finally found the Minecraft seed that can take you to the title display's location. To entry it, click Return to Instances and use the Endpoint IP handle to hook up with the server. Necessary: remember to click on on the button that corresponds to your operating system; “Windows Installer” for Windows users, “Installer” for Mac and Linux users. Click on the Ok button. All gadgets ought to even have a fairly obvious Download button. Now that you've got Forge put in for Minecraft: Java Edition, an exquisite new world awaits you. Once you’ve received the Forge Program safely nestled in your Downloads folder, you’ll should run it.
Mods can sometimes have compatibility issues with other mods. The String Arcade is due for release on February 11. The digital album will be pre-ordered through iTunes for $7.99, and a restricted-edition CD featuring two bonus tracks is out there for $9.99. Quite, as an alternative of fully blocking out your vision, the dev equipment headset has two clear lenses. Fix to player experience degree show in two participant vertical splitscreen mode. We are nonetheless actively learning from all of the suggestions we've gotten since launch; on a functional and technical degree. Step 3. Make sure that your downloaded mods are in your “mods” folder. Most mods don’t allow multiplayer, so make sure that you’re not downloading any mods with the intent of sharing the expertise with your friends. They merely don’t work that approach. You should see “Forge” on the listing of installed packages and updates. It’s not uncommon for antivirus applications like Home windows Defender to determine Forge as a “malicious” software program. | <urn:uuid:5611bc61-2aee-4a3d-8c07-4025b37ae4a3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://brewwiki.win/wiki/Post:Discovering_Minecraft_Launcher | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.924331 | 953 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Your state may not be as fiscally solvent as politicians have led you to believe, according to a new report.
The Competitive Enterprise Institute (CEI) released a report in July detailing the multi-trillion dollar gap in state pension funding that could soon render many states, including Illinois and California, insolvent. The report paints a dire picture of a relatively obscure political issue that has been decades in the making and could drive entire states into bankruptcy.
"The rules that apply to government accounting of public pension plans enable governments to use rosy assumptions about investment returns to make pension assets look sufficient to cover pension liabilities," the report says. "Many government reports show pension plans being well-funded, even though the accounting standards used by private companies in the United States and most governments throughout the world would show they are not."
Government entities have been able to mask enormous pension debt for decades thanks to lax accounting standards, most notably concerning assumed rates of return. While companies are forced by law to tie their growth to corporate bond rates, governments are able to choose investment rates that have little basis in reality, according to the report. High return rates allow the government to underfund pensions by making the debt appear smaller than it actually is.
In the years leading up to the 2008 market crash, many governments assumed annual growth as high as 8 percent—far higher than what private sector pensions are allowed to use, according to the report.
CEI Senior Fellow Aloysius Hogan said that the group wants to use the state-by-state analysis to better inform residents, who may operate under the impression that their state government is paying all of its bills, while failing to properly save money for its retirees. He pointed to Illinois, which is more than $100 billion short of meeting its retirement obligations to government workers, despite the fact that the state has a balanced budget law that requires it not to enter new fiscal years carrying debt.
"Pensions are the least sexy thing out there. People worry about the current year and immediate problems," Hogan said. "Rather than focus on the here and now, it is important to plan ahead and save because what you’re going to end up doing is sticking taxpayers down the road."
Detroit demonstrated what happens if state and local governments fail to properly fund their pension systems when it entered into the largest municipal bankruptcy in history in 2013. The state had a nearly $20 billion budget gap when it became insolvent.
Hogan said that the CEI study, which averages data from six sets of pension data, is intended to prevent the shock that comes with unseen debt. Many state constitutions guarantee pension payments and states, unlike cities, are not permitted to enter into bankruptcy. The retirement money will have to come from either program cuts or higher taxes, both of which can hinder business development in an area.
"It is going to be the taxpayer who has to pony up. Businesses are going to be deterred from going into business climates where they’re paying more and getting worse public service in return," Hogan said. "You can expect businesses to head to the more fiscally prudent state."
Taxpayers are not the only ones hurt by the enterprise, according to Hogan. Unionized public sector workers are also vulnerable, especially in states that do not have constitutional guarantees. Detroit retirees were forced to take a "hair cut" on their retirement packages in order to help the city recover from bankruptcy. Hogan said pandering union leaders deceive workers when they resist reforms that can keep a system solvent.
"Many of these workers are not eligible for Social Security. We’re talking about people’s entire livelihood in their retirement years," Hogan said. "In the end it hurts retirees when government unions issue demands that exceed what can realistically be paid back." | <urn:uuid:802c7211-ddfb-4ffb-920d-d16ae0472e73> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://freebeacon.com/issues/report-government-accounting-hides-debt/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00068.warc.gz | en | 0.971732 | 771 | 1.945313 | 2 |
Freeway Sign Points to War Veteran’s Courage
Twenty-four hour ‘Tribute to the Fallen’ will start Sunday, leading up to Memorial Day Observance at Cinco Puntos.
By Gloria Angelina Castillo, EGP Staff Writer
New East Los Angeles memorial freeway interchange signs, over a decade in the making, quietly went up over the weekend ; by Monday, all five signs were up for commuters, traveling where the I-5, I-10, SR-60 and US-101 freeways meet, to see.
The signs were installed without fanfare because the cost of financing an unveiling ceremony near the interchange is not feasible in these current economic times, local veterans and the representatives of elected officials said at an organizing meeting on May 20.
When the interchange was officially named at the 44th Annual Memorial Day Ceremony in 1998—which included the participation of then Assembly Speaker Antonio Villaraigosa who introduced VFW 4696 Commander Dan Ortiz, then Lt Gov. Gray Davis, and now US Labor Secretary Hilda Solis — veterans expected they would soon hear the name of the Mexican-American hero on the airways as part of the daily coverage of traffic conditions along the busy freeway junction. But that was not to be the case.
But on Monday, as part of an annual Memorial Day observance in East Los Angeles, the installation of the signs will be celebrated, providing closure to a 12-year struggle to finance their placement.
Of the US’s 40 Latino Congressional Medal of Honor recipients, only one is from Los Angeles—East Los Angeles to be exact. The veterans at the Eugene A. Obregon American Legion Post 804 on Cesar Chavez Avenue know this well, as their Post is named in his honor, and is home of the Don Pio Pico VFW 4696, Marine Corps League Detachment 1347, American Airborn, Hispanic-American Airborne Association and the Ray Verdugo American Airborne Association.
Obregon was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his bravery in 1952. He was killed while saving the life of a fellow Marine in the Korean War on Sept. 26, 1950. He was just 19 years-old.
“What he did was something out of the movies,” Arturo Chavez, district director for Senator Gil Cedillo told EGP during a recent planning meeting for the 63rd Annual Memorial Day Observance and 24-Hour Patriotic Vigil.
In 1997, Desert Storm Veteran Dan Ortiz and Vietnam Veteran Tomas Alvarado began a mission to have the interchange named after Obregon, Art Herrera, US Air Force veteran of the Occupational Forces in Lebanon and VFW post adjutant, and Tony Zapata, US Navy Vietnam Veteran and VFW member, told EGP.
“The idea came one day while traveling through the state with my friend and fellow veteran, Tomas Alvarado,” Ortiz recalled. “We took the idea to then Assemblyman Gil Cedillo who wrote the initial legislation for this endeavor. So many times we’ve heard about traffic situations at the East LA Interchange in the news and we thought, since so many other areas are being named in honor of someone, who better than Eugene Obregon to honor, one of our own from East L.A.”
Cedillo, who like Obregon attended Roosevelt High School, introduced Concurrent Resolution 148 in the assembly to name the interchange in honor of Obregon. The resolution passed on August 28, 1998.
However, the signs that were to read, “Marine Private First Class Eugene A. Obregon Interchange” never went up because the veterans were left to shoulder the cost of producing and installing the signs.
According to Herrera, Caltrans wanted $24,000 for five signs, but as a non-profit organization they had difficulty raising the money. Herrera grew tired of hearing the interchange referred to as the Santa Monica junction, and a decade later, he began making phone calls to “big money groups” to no avail. While Cedillo’s office was working on the problem, Herrera decided to write Supervisor Gloria Molina a letter.
“So I wrote to Molina asking her for help and then Suzanne Manriquez [senior field deputy] was assigned to this project and I told her ‘we want to raise the money,’” said Herrera, noting Manriquez’s words of kindness.
“And this came from her, not because she’s here, she said ‘you know what, you veterans don’t have to pay for nothing, you veterans gave your life. You gave the ultimate sacrifice, why should you pay for it?’ And so she got in contact with Arturo Chavez and David Meza and they are the one’s who really made this thing come to what it’s going to be this Memorial Day, in honoring our fellow comrades,” he said.
Herrera further credits Cedillo for getting Senate Concurrent Resolution No. 109 passed on June 26, 2008. The resolution changes the signs to read “Medal of Honor Recipient Eugene A. Obregon, USMC, Memorial Interchange.” In addition, his staff negotiated with Caltrans to have the price tag chopped in half to $12,000.
The fundraising and combined efforts of the offices of Cedillo, Molina, Congresswoman Lucille Roybal-Allard and Los Angeles Councilman Jose Huizar (CD-1), shows their commitment to the veteran community, it “shows our politicians do care about us,” Herrera said.
Zapata hopes the sign will help educate newcomers to the neighborhood.
“It’s a great thing to bring this out and let people know who Eugene was and what he did,” Zapata said. “I’m sure a lot of people will be asking who Eugene Obregon was.”
The veterans hope the public and the media will quickly adopt the junction’s formal name.
“Considering this is L.A., rather than hearing ‘It’s all backed up to the East L.A.
Interchange’, I look forward to the traffic reports saying ‘traffic is flowing smoothly through the Obregon Interchange,’” Ortiz said.
At the 63rd Annual Memorial Day ceremony and 24-hour vigil this Monday at the Mexican-American All Wars Memorial at Cinco Puntos in Boyle Heights, a replica of the freeway interchange sign will be on display. Members of the Obregon family have been invited to attend the recognition ceremony.
The 24-hour vigil begins Sunday, May 30 with rotating groups of veterans standing guard, and ends at 10 a.m. Monday, May 31 with the annual ceremony. This year’s keynote speaker is Capt. Leo Cuadrado, Operation Iraqi Freedom veteran and Silver Lake area resident. The program’s emcee is CBS 2 Anchor Laura Diaz.
The community is invited to bring photos of family members who have served or are currently serving to be put on display during the ceremony, Zapata said.
A luncheon, hosted by the Women’s Auxiliary 804 and 4696, will follow at the Eugene A. Obregon American Legion Post 804 at 3 p.m.; the post is located at 4615 E. Cesar Chavez Ave.
The memorial at Cinco Puntos in Boyle Heights is located at the intersections of Lorena, Indiana, Brooklyn and Cesar Chavez, approximately a half mile north of the Indiana Gold Line Station. For more information or to volunteer for the event, call Hector Elizalde at (323) 770-3100, Tony Zapata at (323) 261-8533 or Danny Hernandez at (323) 881-6565.Print This Post
June 2, 2010 Copyright © 2012 Eastern Group Publications, Inc. | <urn:uuid:0413715c-b31b-4419-ab43-4e900927bc9b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://egpnews.com/2010/06/freeway-sign-points-to-war-veteran%E2%80%99s-courage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00080-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949549 | 1,656 | 1.570313 | 2 |
(IV) ACCESS RADIO AND LOCAL TELEVISION |
310. The draft Bill contains proposals in Clause
179 to place on a firm statutory footing the "third tier"
of radio in the form of "access radio". There is already
provision for community-based, non-profit-making radio stations,
but these have hitherto been restricted in licence duration or
coverage or been on a pilot basis only.
The Government sees the potential of such radio stations to help
increase active local community involvement, provide a nursery
for future broadcasters and satisfy demand for access to broadcasting
resources from specific communities, whether based on locality,
ethnic or cultural background or other common interests.
311. The Community Media Association has welcomed
the general principles underlying the framework established in
Clause 179. Three
practical issues will need to be tackled if a significant access
radio sector is to develop. First, OFCOM will need to ensure that
adequate FM frequencies are available.
Second, access radio must develop in ways that maintain its distinctiveness
from the commercial radio sector, which itself often serves very
Third, a funding regime for access radio must be established that
enables it to complement rather than compete directly with commercial
radio. Clause 236 permits OFCOM to make grants to access radio
providers, but the sources of funding for such grants remain uncertain,
as does the extent to which commercial funding for access radio
is compatible with its distinctiveness from commercial radio and
would not undermine that sector.
We welcome the provisions in the draft Bill to enable the structured
development of a not-for-profit access radio sector, which has
the potential to enrich both broadcasting and community development.
It will be of paramount importance for OFCOM and the Secretary
of State to ensure that these powers are exercised in a way that
ensures the development of access radio that serves parts of society
that commercial radio fails presently to address.
312. Just as there is potential for access radio
to enhance the range of broadcasting services in the United Kingdom,
so there may be an opportunity for local television services to
widen the availability of distinct types of programming. At present,
local television is constrained by the nature of restricted service
licences, the costs of production and the limited access to cable
167 gives the Secretary of State power to provide for the development
of local television on digital terrestrial television. Channel
M, a Manchester-based local television service, argued that there
was a need to allow for the extension of existing restricted service
licences to cover more of the period before widespread or universal
availability of digital terrestrial television.
Contributors to our online forum also advanced the case for greater
priority to be given to community television in spectrum allocation.
Both Channel M and the Community Media Association argued for
extending to local television services the "must-carry"
privileges on all digital networks available to public service
Although we welcome the provision in Clause 167 to support
the development of local digital terrestrial television services,
we recommend that the Government and the existing regulators give
early consideration to means of fostering the development of local
television services before analogue switch-off, in order that
further provision may be made in the final Communications Bill
594 HC (2000-01) 161-I, paras 107-111; Ev 20, para
Policy, para 18.104.22.168. Back
Ev 574, para 7. Back
Ev 20, para 3(d); Ev 574, para 9; Q 71; contributions to online
forum by Mary Dowson (Bradford Community Broadcasting) and Peter
QQ 729-730. Back
QQ 71, 729; Ev 574, paras 16-18; Ev 251, paras 4.7-4.8; Ev 247,
paras 34-35. Back
Policy, para 22.214.171.124; Ev 574, para 11. Back
Ev 530. Back
Dave Rushton (Channel Six Dundee), Graham Mole (MyTV Network). Back
Ev 452; Ev 574, paras 10-15. Back | <urn:uuid:f9cf6acd-a04b-47c6-be25-ad37eb553c1e> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/jt200102/jtselect/jtcom/169/16924.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719468.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00529-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.85859 | 865 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Do working moms have to work in tech to Lean In?
Recent headlines from Silicon Valley show how tech companies are creating generous family leave policies for their employees.
In early August, streaming video provider Netflix (NFLX) said employees who are new parents of a biological or adopted child can take up to a year of unlimited leave with full pay. Days later, software maker Adobe (ADBE) doubled the amount of paid leave available to new parents to 26 weeks for new mothers and 16 weeks for primary caregivers and new parents.
Apple (AAPL) already provides up to four paid weeks pre-delivery and 14 weeks after for new mothers, while Google (GOOG) gives birth mothers 18 weeks of paid leave. Facebook (FB) has a liberal paid-leave policy of four months for all new parents, with an additional $4,000 in “baby cash.”
In her 2013 bestseller, Lean In, Facebook chief operating officer Sheryl Sandberg encouraged working mothers across the nation to “lean in” to their careers and “take a seat at the table” instead of stepping back from it.
Outside of the Valley, however, that’s not so easy to do. Caroline Fredrickson, president of the American Constitution Society for Law and Policy and author of Under the Bus: How Working Women Are Being Run Over, says only 11% of U.S. workers have any paid leave. The other 89% have unpaid leave or no leave at all. According to the UN’s International Labour Organization, of the 185 countries with available data, only two provide no cash benefits in their general provisions for maternity leave: Papua New Guinea and the U.S.
“Even among the developing countries, almost all provide some form of paid maternity leave. Honestly, you think we could do better than that,” says Frederickson. “Those are poor countries; we are a relatively wealthy one. We seem to think we have made some advances in terms of gender equity, but in reconciling work and family this is a glaring omission.”
The U.S. is the only industrialized nation with no national policy on paid maternity leave. The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) from 1993 entitles birth or adoptive parents 12 weeks of leave—however, that leave is unpaid. Furthermore, the law only covers less than two-thirds of American workers due to exemptions specified in the legislation.
The Obama Administration wants to modernize the FMLA, even including a line item of $50 million to a State Paid Leave Fund in the 2015 Budget to help states establish paid leave funds for state employees. In his 2009 statement on the creation of the White House Council on Women and Girls, the President called out paid family leave as one of the areas showing “whether we are truly fulfilling the promise of our democracy for all our people.” However, no legislation has passed to support Obama’s initiative, and his last attempt was defeated by Congress in 2013.
So when will the U.S. join the rest of the industrialized world and recognize new parents need paid family leave? Fredrickson says it can’t be soon enough.
“This is an area of almost more importance than any other because it not only affects how parents can combine their families with their work, but it also has significant consequences for our nation’s future,” she explains. “A poorly educated or untended to group of children are not going to be the leaders we are looking for in the future.”
The weeks after a baby is born are challenging on so many levels. From learning to feed and care for a newborn to recovering from childbirth to managing the stress of expenses pouring in from recent hospital stays, the first 12 weeks for a new mother are a blur. This is hardly the time to take away a huge chunk of a family’s income.
But with few companies providing important tools like paid family leave for the vast majority of American women, “leaning in” remains a concept available only to the most highly paid and privileged—and those who work in tech.
The message that no paid leave sends to most working women is this: Have a baby if you want, but you will do it without pay when you do. And if you don’t like it, then good luck finding a job in Silicon Valley. | <urn:uuid:413014c3-c9f5-4314-a63e-dd070d5940b3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fortune.com/2015/08/19/lean-in-working-moms/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00264.warc.gz | en | 0.960536 | 923 | 1.859375 | 2 |
The IntraLase Method is a 100% blade-free technique used to perform the critical first step in the LASIK procedure: creating the corneal flap. The creation of the corneal flap prepares the eye for the second step of the LASIK procedure where an excimer laser is used on the inner cornea to correct vision.
Providing the highest quality eyecare is the number one priority at Eye Physicians of Long Beach and our Optical Department upholds this standard with excellent customer service and great eyewear customized to fulfill the needs of each need of our patients. Whether you need contact lenses or eyeglasses, we offer a wide variety of the highest quality contact lens brands and eyewear for every one of our patients. The latest frames styles from designers such as Christian Dior, Gucci, Maui Jim, Nike, Silhouette and many more are available in our beautiful Optical Store.
Ask Us A Question
Dry eye is a condition that causes a patient to feel as though there is a continuous irritant in their eye(s). One of the single most common symptoms of dry eye is excessive tearing caused by the eye to compensate for their dryness and the discomfort is caused by inability of the eye to produce adequate tears. The eye requires a tear film to help protect it and allow for proper vision. A normal healthy eye is covered by a thin tear film that as acting as a barrier allowing you to see clearly.
There are a number of variables that could potentially lead to dry eye(s). A persistent irritant to an eye may cause the eye to become dry, patients who wear contact lenses often develop dry eye after continuous wear. Other causes of dry eye are related to your living/work environment and lifestyle. The causes are not always easily definable but the symptoms are noticeable.
Dry eye patients tend to have the following symptoms:
- Scratchy or irritated eyes
- Heightened sensitivity to wind or smoke
- Light sensitivity
- Decreased vision
- Trouble focusing on an object or reading
If you think you may be suffering from dry eye, you should make an appointment to visit your ophthalmologist. You will be asked a series of questions about your work/living environment, lifestyle and diet. A tear production test will be used to determine the dryness and the location of the dryness in your eye.
A variety of treatments are offered for dry eye including eye drops, eye ointments, punctal plugs, and changes in your lifestyle. Traditional treatments can help eliminate the dryness but may not help with the actual tear composition causing the dryness. Studies are constantly performed to look for better treatments for dry eye. | <urn:uuid:1cb89265-fda9-4728-8220-682445e82c8f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.eyephysiciansoflongbeach.com/los-angeles/dry-eye.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00405-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94311 | 551 | 1.664063 | 2 |
6. "Structure is translation software for your imagination."
- James Scott Bell, Write Your Novel From the Middle: A New Approach for Plotters
7. "Freedom without structure is its own slavery."
- Quote by David Brooks
8. "Entropy is the price of structure."
- Ilya Prigogine, Order Out of Chaos: Man's New Dialogue with Nature
9. "If the structure does not permit dialogue the structure must be changed"
- Quote by Paulo Freire
10. "If…there is a conflict between structure and strategy, the structure will win."
- Stephen Bungay, The Art of Action: How Leaders Close the Gaps between Plans | <urn:uuid:cec499db-94d9-4890-9e79-c3e6626f74ab> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.aamboli.com/dictionary/structure-meaning-in-hindi | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.872434 | 144 | 2 | 2 |
"The Dad's Club Camp Out is a huge success at our school, and every year parents and students can't wait for it!" says Tina Palutis. "It's a big undertaking and requires a lot of planning, volunteers, and time, but it is the most rewarding activity I think we offer."
As a parent liaison at Mableton (Georgia) Elementary School, Palutis helped to organize the Dad's Club Camp Out as a means to lure more fathers to become involved in the school. Many of the students' fathers are the primary breadwinners of their families, with education predominantly left in the hands of mothers.
"Our hope was to create an activity that would bring dads or other male role models back into the school to bond with their children and with other fathers and grandfathers," recalls Palutis. "I believe that the response to this event has been so great because families want to feel invited into the school. This is not just another event. It's really a different idea to have families pitch a tent and camp out on school grounds. It's involvement for the entire family."
One Friday night in October, the students and their families pitch tents in an open field near the school. There is a $5 fee for each campsite. The evening includes snacks of popcorn, cotton candy, and candy apples, and there are activities to occupy the kids -- pumpkin carving, movie showings in the media center, and play on a "Jumpy Jump."
"The community involvement has really impressed me," Palutis reports. "As a Title I school, we could not afford to make this event so successful and activity-filled without the help of the community, local businesses and churches, and of course our PTA. They all provide us with donations such as the popcorn machines, firewood, live music, bales of hay -- the list goes on. The most amazing part is that each year the event continues to grow."
There is much to do behind the scenes to make the camp out an evening to remember. Palutis and other organizers plan ahead and start acquiring donations from the first day of school. Many volunteers and certified staff members spend the night along with the campers. Custodians make plans to set up and take down equipment for the evening, and a portion of the building remains unlocked to allow access to restrooms.
"We invite the fire department to bring trucks, and we also check with fire fighters beforehand about outdoor fire safety laws," recounts Palutis. "We plan chicken biscuit breakfasts for the morning with Chick-fil-A (our partner in education), and we invite the community librarian to come and tell stories around the fire. Details are important."
The Mableton Elementary PTA has assumed an instrumental role in the camp out over time and now pairs the event with its own annual fall festival. Parents and children can have fun all afternoon at the festival and then make camp for the night.
"I really can't say that there has been one moment that made me realize this was a successful event, more like a hundred moments -- parents telling me how much they love the camp out, watching them interact with their children as we make s'mores or sit around the bonfire, the children's smiles and hugs of appreciation, the community response. This event was a success waiting to happen," Palutis observed.
In addition to the camp out, the school holds monthly Dad's Club meetings in which the children bring their male role models and discuss their feelings and expectations. The Dad's Club opens doors to other school activities that these fathers and others can join. The camp out, however, remains the signature "guy" event that draws a crowd.
"We ask dads to bring a book with them to read with their children for Reading Beneath the Stars time before bed," Palutis shared. "It's an added educational/bonding experience that I believe benefits everyone."[content block] | <urn:uuid:2394d361-132e-4a9e-bd62-aa637f25bdf7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.educationworld.com/a_admin/partners/partners057.shtml | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00285-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973536 | 811 | 1.625 | 2 |
Electrosurgical Grounding Pads
Electrosurgical grounding pad(also called ESU plates) is made from
electrolyte hydro-gel and aluminum-foil and PE foam, etc.Commonly
known as patient plate, grounding pad or return electrode.It is
negative plate of the high frequency electrotome. It is applicable
to electric welding,etc. of the high frequency
electrotome.Conductive surface made of Aluminum sheet, low in
resistance, negative of cytoxicity skin, sensitization and acute
1.) Air permeable Foam and Nonwoven fabric backing materials make
the powerful adherence and comfortable.
2.)Making surgical operation more safety.
3.)We make the hydro-gel all by ourselves, and we can also provide
grounding pads with blue gel.
The conductive gel covers over the edge of metal foil, Its large
and wide surface area promotes low current density, which in turn
can be safely directed out of the patient's body during an
electro-surgical procedure to prevent burn. These pads offer extra
patient safety by signaling the system to shut down if the patient
is not in complete contact with the pad.
Foam and Non-woven fabric backing material, monopolar & bipolar
model and upright and horizontal shape etc.
Certificate & approval:
All materials pass ISO10993 biocompatible test, Non-cytotoxic,
without stimulus and sensitivity; Good adhesive and conductive
Match with electrosurgical generator, radio frequency generator and
other high frequency equipments.
Method of Application:
1.Following surgical procedure, remove electrode slowly to avoid
2.Choose a well site of the full muscle and sufficient blood (for
example big leg, buttocks and upper arm), avoid bony prominences,
joint, hair and scar.
3.Remove backing film of the electrode and apply it to the site
suitable for patients, secure cable clamp to the electrode tab,
make sure that two metallic film of the clamp contact with aluminum
foil of the tab and do not show aluminum foil.
4.Clean skin of the patient, shave excess hair if necessary | <urn:uuid:2f7f6e0e-93af-4a6e-967c-c6151df210de> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://skyforever.sale.tjskl.org.cn/pz5ef530c-disposable-medical-sensor-with-cable-esu-grounding-pad-grounding-plate-round.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.830159 | 488 | 1.742188 | 2 |
Great Backyard Bird Count at the National Bison RangeSaturday, February 18, 2017
Show your Love for Birds and Bird Watching. You are invited to join the National Bison Range for a Great Backyard Bird Count with volunteer Pat Jamieson on Saturday, February 18, 2017 anytime between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. to count birds along the Nature Trail.
We will stroll along the Nature Trail, counting birds from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. You can drop in for the whole count or stop by anytime for as long as you like. Besides counting birds, we’ll discuss how to use binoculars, how to navigate field guides, bird family identification tips and anything else that will inspire participants to continue bird watching. We’ll also discuss how you can spend the rest of the weekend conducting your own Great Backyard Bird Count in an area of your choice.
Also, take some extra time to drive along the Winter Drive and look for wildlife. The Bison Range is open free of charge during the winter season. For details, check out the Operating Hours.
The Nature Trail parking area is located about ½ mile straight in from the Bison Range entrance (Highway 212 at Moiese). The trail travels around the Nature Pond and along Mission Creek. It is level and about 1 mile in length. Parts are paved but some may be muddy and rocky. Wear appropriate clothing for the changeable Montana weather as well as sturdy shoes. Bring water and snacks/lunch as needed. Binoculars are recommended. Also brings your favorite field guide, although we’ll have some field guides on hand to borrow, which will allow you to try out different ones.
Click to the link for the promotional poster. For more information, email email@example.com.
The Great Backyard Bird Count
The Great Backyard Bird Count is organized by the Cornell Lab of Ornithology and National Audubon Society, with Canadian partner Bird Studies Canada and sponsorship from Wild Birds Unlimited. It is held over the President’s Day Weekend (February 17-20, 2017). This is a free, fun event held in February each year. Anyone of any age or skill level can participate by counting birds and entering their tallies online. All you do is count birds at your favorite location for at least 15 minutes on one or more days during the count weekend. You can even go to different locations as long as you enter those numbers as separate counts. To find out more about the count, to enter your own counts, and to explore past results, click the link to the Great Backyard Bird Count website. | <urn:uuid:fce5686b-3dd5-4a04-b263-dd4448e331c9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.fws.gov/refuge/National_Bison_Range/event_details/GBBC_nature_trail.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00270-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952479 | 548 | 2.03125 | 2 |
In the Book of Acts, chapter 10, we find the account of the Centurion Cornelius and his household. Since he was a gentile, Acts 10, is most commonly used as one of the proofs showing that salvation was not limited to the Nation of Israel; but that it was also extended to the Gentile Nations. However, the account contained in this chapter of a book of the Bible is also a good proof of the process of salvation. It clearly lays out the events that take place in the salvation process.
(Note: This page is in support of the Bible studies contained on Baptism, what the Bible teaches and Salvation - the order of events pages.)
We read in Acts 10:2, that Cornelius has come to a knowledge of the One, True God.
- - " one devout and fearing God, with all his household, both doing many merciful deeds to the people, and praying continually to God."
Bible study also shows us from these verses:
- - " Jehovah looked down from Heaven on the sons of men, to see if there were any who understood and sought God.
All have gone aside, together they are filthy; there is none who does good, no, not one."
- - " as it is written: 'There is none righteous, no not one;
there is none that understands, there is none that seeks after God."
- - " But the natural man does not receive the things of the Spirit of God, for they are foolishness to him; neither can he know them, because they are spiritually discerned."
(1 Co 2:14)
that natural man does not seek or understand God. Therefore it is evident that something extraordinary has happened to Cornelius, and his household. They, being born as natural man, now fear, acknowledge, and pray to the One, True God. Jesus gives us the answer to how this has occurred:
- - " Truly, truly, I say to you, Unless a man is born again, he cannot see the kingdom of God."
- - " It is the Spirit that makes alive, the flesh profits nothing." (John 3:8)
The Bible clearly teaches that natural man must be born again (quickened) as spiritual man by the action of the Holy Spirit, which is the first step in the order of events of salvation.
Although Cornelius, and his household acknowledged and prayed to the One, True, God it is evident that this was not enough to save them, for we find in Acts 10:22 & 30-32:
- - " And they said, Cornelius the centurion, a just man and one who fears God, and one of good report among all the nation of the Jews, was warned from God by a holy angel to send for you (Peter) to come to his house and to hear words from you. "
- - " And Cornelius said, Four days ago I was fasting until this hour. And at the ninth hour I prayed in my house, and behold, a man stood before me in bright clothing. And he said, Cornelius, your prayer is heard, and your merciful deeds have been remembered before God. Therefore send to Joppa and call here Simon whose last name is Peter, he is staying in the house of Simon, a tanner by the seaside; who, when he comes, shall speak to you. "
We know from Acts 10:34-43, that Peter spoke the Gospel message to all those who were at Cornelius' house. This brings us to the next step of salvation, which Jesus teaches us, in John 5:24, is two-fold,
- - " Truly, truly, I say to you, He who hears My Word and believes on Him who sent Me has everlasting life and shall not come into condemnation, but has passed from death to life."
Jesus, through Holy Scripture, says that a person must hear and believe the Gospel message to be saved.
That those present believed the saving message of the Gospel is evidenced by Acts 10:44,
- - " While Peter was still speaking these words, the Holy Spirit fell on all those hearing the Word."
This bible verse shows us that the final element in the salvation process occurs at the moment of belief in the salvation message of the Gospel of Jesus Christ. Scripture tells us in Eph 1:13-14,
- - " in whom also you, hearing the Word of Truth, the gospel of our salvation, in whom also believing, you were sealed with the Holy Spirit of promise, who is the earnest of our inheritance, to the redemption of the purchased possession, to the praise of His glory."
The sealing, and in-dwelling (Romans 8:11), by the Holy Spirit is the final step in the actual process of salvation. All those present, who believed, received a guarantee of their salvation by the in-dwelling of the Holy Spirit. Additionally, Scripture tells us that they have received, what is called by some, the Baptism of the Holy Spirit. For we find confirmation of this in Acts 10:45-46,
- - " And those of the circumcision, who believed (as many as came with Peter), were astonished because the gift of the Holy Spirit was poured out on the nations also. For they heard them speak with tongues and magnify God."
It is evident, from Bible study, that Cornelius, and his household are saved by the grace of God.
What makes this biblical account noteworthy in the studies of Baptism and
Salvation. is that neither Cornelius, nor his household have been baptized; yet, they are guaranteed their heavenly inheritance by, and have received gifts of, the Holy Spirit. We know they have not been baptized from Acts 10:47-48,
- - " Can anyone forbid water that these, who have received the Holy Ghost as well as we, should not be baptized? And he commanded them to be baptized in the name of the Lord."
Acts 10, Cornelius & his household, and Luke 23, the crucified thief, disprove the assertions, and teachings, of some Churches & Denominations, that to be saved you must be baptized. (NOTE: read the next paragraph before you discount being baptized.)
Although salvation is not obtained through baptism, the Bible clearly teaches, that in the normal course of events, if you are saved, you are required to be baptized as a matter of obedience to Our Lord & Savior Jesus, Christ. (For more in-depth info see Baptism, what the Bible Teaches.) | <urn:uuid:2c786449-b014-41bc-903b-cf8407be389f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://acharlie.tripod.com/bible_study/acts_10.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00279-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.977643 | 1,362 | 2.046875 | 2 |
The Teaching of Mathematics to Children: Theories and Techniques
Burness, Barbara Lynne
MetadataShow full item record
This paper is a small part of my Senior Independent Project. Most of the quarter was spent 1n graduate seminars of the Master of Science in Teaching program 1n Elementary Education at the University of Chicago and in observing classes, both in the University's Elementary Laboratory School and in neighboring public schools. The topic for the paper evolved from my interests in mathematics and psychology, from my observations of arithmetic sessions in classes in k1ndergarten through the fifth grade, and from a seminar on teaching mathematics. As a visitor, and therefore, somewhat of a distract1on, I was not able to spend very much time in any one classroom. As a result, I do not feel qual1fied to make judgments from my observations and have based this paper primar1ly on secondary research. | <urn:uuid:95325ec0-dcc1-4169-be33-a59ba8c0f4ef> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cache.kzoo.edu/handle/10920/18532 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.950596 | 191 | 2.625 | 3 |
On October 18, 2015 Gurmail Gill, secretary of the Tarksheel (Rational) Cultural Society, the Punjabi Humanist, Rationalist, Atheist, Freethinker group in Surrey, spoke at the Vancouver Sunday Meeting of the BC Humanist Association. This is the text of his presentation.
My name is Gurmail Gill, I am the secretary of Tarksheel Cultural Society of Canada. This is a matter of great honour for me to interact with the members of BCHA today. I am originally from province of Punjab in India. I joined student union while pursuing my master’s degree in Physics in University in 1973 and after that remained a member of leading team of trade union of my bank where I worked for about 25 years.
First of all I would like to explain that word ‘Tarksheel’ means rational, ie critical thinking. Although there had always been a struggle between the spiritual and the rational thought, the rational movement in the Indian subcontinent got a kickstart in 1960’s with the exposure of spiritual frauds and paranormal phenomenon by Dr T Abraham Kavoor. Born in 1898 in Sri Lanka to a Catholic family, his father being a priest, Dr Kavoor was a botanist and a professor in the university. He challenged the godmen of Indian subcontinent to come forward to substantiate the extraordinary claims made by them under fool-proof and fraud-proof conditions and win a reward of one hundred thousand IR’s, but nobody dared to accept his challenge. A book named ‘Begone Godemen’ written by Dr. Kavoor exposes the myths, superstitions and spiritual frauds of so called godmen with scientific explanation and proofs. This book became very popular in India and more than 100,000 copies of its Punjabi edition alone has been sold in the province of Punjab.
The first rationalist organization named Tarksheel Society of Punjab was formed in 1984 in Punjab. I joined TSP some 20 years back & participated in its activities very actively. This organization faced a number of challenges from the godmen, fundamentalists and organized religions. Our members were threatened and attacked by their followers but we faced each and every attack or threat with a bold face and tact. The government tried to ban some of our books but the move was resisted and scuttled by us each and every time. With more than 60 local units and more than 1000 members It has become a movement to reckon with now in Punjab. Circulation of its bi-monthly organ is about 15,000 and it has published more than three dozen books and some audio and video DVDs which have been sold in the thousands. It is a member of an umbrella body of about 80 secular, humanist and rational organizations of India called FIRA.
I migrated to Canada in 2010 and since then I am a member of Tarksheel Cultural Society of Canada. TCSC was formed 20 years back by some secular, humanist and rational friends from East Indian community. Most of Indian people who migrated to this part of Canada are the same sort as those of India. They are very superstitious and gullible. They start believing any rumour or spam without any verification. In 1995 a rumour that marble idols of a Hindu god Ganesha drank milk, spread out like wildfire in India and many other countries like Canada wherever Indian people live. People thronged the temples to offer milk to Ganesha. That was rebuffed by Rationalists in India through various means. Thousands of litres of milk went into the gutter which was published in the media. Mr Avtar Gill, who is our incumbent President, challenged this rumour here in Canada on the Radio. He received many phone calls, to which he replied meticulously. He was appreciated by the progressive people and of course cursed by religious people for hurting their sentiments. This incident became the basis of the formation of TCSC.
Superstitious people of our community are falling in the hands of so called fortune tellers, spell casters, gem & stone sellers, spiritual healers, psychic readers and other bullshit whatever their name may be, for the solution of their various type of problems or to get spiritual peace and are being robbed of thousands and thousands of dollars. Tarksheel Society’s main concern is to educate and save them from falling into the clutches of these cons.
We adopt various methods to raise awareness among the people. We hold talk shows when we get opportunities, we participate in some talk shows on radio through phone calls, we hold seminars, and we have one cultural show on Thanksgiving weekend every year, in which we show plays, skits, magic tricks, some music and there is one speaker who motivates the participants to be rational or critical thinkers. We just had this event last weekend. More than 600 people watched this show.
We have challenged these cheats to substantiate the claims made by them to win a reward of $100,000 CAD, promised by our organization. Actually we continue to challenge them through the radio talk shows or other occasions wherever we get an opportunity, to accept any one of our 23 challenges under fool-proof and fraud-proof conditions and get our reward. (These are the same challenges which were thrown out by Dr Kavoor.) Nobody came forward to accept our challenge in last 20 years. Motivated by our propaganda at least three individuals have come forward to throw their individual challenges to these cheats to win their individual rewards of $100,000 CAD to $500,000 CAD. One of these individuals is a radio host of an ethnic radio, who announced this from our stage of our cultural show last week.
We had been successful in initiating a dialogue on the subject superstitions vs rationalism in our community, but we have achieved limited success only and there is still a vast majority of people who are still superstitious and are the victims of spiritual frauds. To educate and raise the awareness of this vast majority is first and paramount concern of our organization.
To be successful in this cause the illegal, unscientific, unethical and illegitimate ads appearing in ethnic media by the spiritual fraudsters have to be banned. Most common claims made by them are predicting your future, winning the lottery, solving the domestic disputes, harming your enemy or somebody who has betrayed you, winning the court case, solving your immigration problem, to cure chronic & incurable disease, to bear a male child, to settle love affairs with their spiritual powers that too with 100% to 1000% guarantee.
These claims, made by those are unscientific and unethical, which are apparent from their face itself, are illegal as well. The reasons are:
- They challenge the authority of various agencies of government.
- They do not have any recognized education or the qualification to make them eligible to render the services they claim.
- They are not registered with CRA and city bylaws and do not issue any receipt for the amount receive.
- They dictate their clients to throw some stuff or chemicals in the creeks or rivers, for example, flowing water in the name of some spiritual remedy of their problems, hence they violate the environment laws.
We have written so many letters to Prime Ministers, Premiers, Mayors, some ministers and the CRTC but nobody cared to respond. We approached Advertising Standard Canada; they did respond and advised us to send some ads with their translations. We did that but the end result they replied that they did write to the newspapers but the newspapers did not respond to them and that theirs is an advisory body, not regulatory, so they are helpless.
So friends this is a question for us that why the governments do not check these unscientific and illegal ads. There must be some reason, of course there is. The only reason there is a grand design by the governments to keep the people religious, superstitious and devoid of all scientific and critical thinking. What is this grand design? I will hold on this for a while and will share our other major concerns with you first.
Friends our next concern is that our governments, politicians and other people who are on the helm of affairs proclaim and boast that Canada is a secular country. Is it really a secular country or not? What does the term secularism imply in the real sense? A secular person or institution is supposed not to differentiate and discriminate among people on the basis of their beliefs, colour, caste and creed. He should not have any bias or favour either for an atheist or for a believer. Similarly, the secular government is supposed to maintain strict neutrality in the religious sphere and it must not privilege any one religious belief over the others or privilege theism over atheism or use religious doctrine as the basis for public policy. Speaking in these terms the secular government is not supposed to patronize any religion but they have twisted the meaning of the term secularism as per their political convenience. They have started patronizing all the religions, although to each one to different extent.
The governments are abusing the taxpayers money by giving all type of favours to religious institutions. They are given the tax exemptions, subsidies and funding of billions of dollars. Contrary to this, benefits granted to the secular or humanist organizations is negligible in spite of the fact that one fourth of the population of Canada, 24%, are non-believers as per the 2011 National Household Survey.
To appease the religious leaders, governments give tax exemptions and subsidies to religious institutions under the heading of "advancement of religion.” The Federal Finance Minister explained the Government of Canada’s position in this regard in July 2012 as “providing charitable status for the advancement of religion is based on the presumption that religion provides people with a moral and ethical framework for living and plays an important role in building social capital and social cohesion”. A government proclaiming itself secular is duty bound to take the policy decisions which are evidence based not just on presumptions.
A number of crooked people have registered fake and non-existent religious institutions to take the advantage of these tax exemptions. I have come to know that there are more than 100 fake Sikh temples registered in various names in Surrey town only.
Religious institutions promote superstitions and work against scientific advancement, hence they are retarding human progress both socially and economically. Funding these institution is the funding for scientific retardation whereas our scientists are crying loud that the federal government is imposing cuts after cuts on scientific research funding. This is totally unjust, unfair and against the interests of Canadian people at large.
Next comes the funding of religious schools. As education is a provincial responsibility, government policy on public funding of the religious schools differs across Canada. Ontario, Alberta and Saskatchewan still offer full public funding of Catholic schools - a historical artifact originating from “denominational privileges” enshrined in Section 93 of the Constitution Act 1867. British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba and Quebec offer partial funding (typically 40-60%) to other religious schools of any faith that meet some provincial criteria. Ontario is the only province which provide 100% funding of Catholic schools only and zero funding to any other religious school. Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick offer zero funding to religious schools. Ontario is continuing this practice against the wishes of UN who has censured it twice in 1999 and 2006 for violating article 26 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
The denominational schools' privileges can be removed through legislation. There are two ways: (1) The province can do it unilaterally through legislation. The aggrieved parties can then pursue an appeal to the federal government, which can impose remedial legislation if it so chooses but it has never done so. Manitoba exercised this authority in 1890 and federal government declined to exercise its right to intervene. (2) The province can eliminate this right through a bilateral constitutional agreement. Such an amendment can be as little as 12 words in length and only requires the agreement of the province in question and the federal government. Quebec and Newfoundland each secured such constitutional amendment in the 1990’s in order to adopt a single public school system for each official language.
The most fundamental argument against public funding of religious schools is that the education being offered in these institutions is contrary to the best interests of the children involved. Children should get the opportunity to embrace religious beliefs of their choice, when they are mature enough to do so, not by being indoctrinated in the faith of their parents and hence having their exposure to other religions and worldview limited. Religious indoctrination of children is fundamentally at odds with fostering their intellectual independence, autonomy and religious freedom.
Faith-based education segregates students based on their parents worldview, thus partitioning the children into “silos” where they have little contact with others outside the religious group into which they were born.
A vast body of empirical scientific evidence from sociology and psychology has shown that such segregation increases the frequency of prejudice, intolerance, and inter-group mistrust. The recent study by scientists of University of Rochester found that atheists have higher IQ’s so their intelligence makes them more likely to dismiss religious beliefs as irrational and unscientific. This is a sort of torture and injustice to kids to send them to religious schools.
So these are the forceful logics that such education cannot in good conscience be financially supported by a government of multicultural and pluralistic country like Canada. Not only this, but some religions advocate beliefs and practices that are contrary to Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Government funding of these institutions puts Canada in the dangerous position of financially supporting the indoctrination of future citizens against its liberal-democratic values. For instance, at one private Islamic school profiled in the press in 2007: (i) the call to daily prayer is always carried out by a male student and not by a female, (ii) during prayer, boys assemble at the front of the room and girls at the back, (iii) the girls and boys are seated separately in the classroom because of “religious etiquette”, (iv) the principal does not shake the hand of female visitors because of his religion, (v) although students learn evolution in science classes, they also learn that tiger is black and orange because “that’s how Allah made it”, (vi) when reading to her class, a teacher omits or change parts of a popular children’s book where a girl tries to kiss boys because “such talk is haraam or forbidden by God, (vii) in a second grade classroom, all but 3 girls wear hijab or headscarf.
Public opinion also appears to be turning against the use of tax dollars to finance religious schools. A poll conducted by Angus Reid in April 2009 found that a majority of the Canadian public opposes the funding of religious schools; 51% of respondents opposed funding Christians schools, 75% opposed funding Islamic schools, 73% opposed funding Hindu schools, 75% opposed funding Sikh schools, 70% opposed funding Buddhist schools and 68% opposed funding Jewish schools (Angus Reid Strategies 2009). These figures are quite encouraging but very interesting also as the opinion is divided on the basis of religion so it clearly shows the bias of respondents. But the results of this poll give a lot of consolation to the secular people, that more than half of the respondents endorse our viewpoint. I hope that if the poll is conducted now the figures will further improve in our favour.
Hence funding religious schools by governments is totally illogical, irrational, inappropriate, against the liberal-democratic Canadian values. This practice should be stopped immediately.
Our next concern, which haunts us always, is the constitution of the Office of Religious Freedom, which was constituted on February 19, 2013. The mandate of ORF is to promote "religious belief" Speaking about ORF, Minister John Baird declared: “We don't see agnosticism or atheism as being in need of defence in the same way persecuted religious minorities are. We speak of the right to worship and practice in peace, not the right to stay away from places of worship.” We can put it in other words “religious freedom does not mean freedom from religion”. The Canadian Government has declared in clear terms that it is not ready to recognize one’s right to be non-religious.
This type of comment from government representatives responsible for this office is ill-considered, inappropriate and factually incorrect. The mandate of ORF should explicitly recognize the responsibility to promote the freedom to be an atheist or to be non-religious as non-believers are in a more vulnerable position all over the world as compared to believers. Many atheists face death, prison, or fines for choosing to no longer identify as religious. Atheists can be put to death in 13 countries and imprisoned in many others. They are in need of advocates and defenders. Hence Canada should make clear its commitment to those imprisoned for their beliefs by making its government’s commitment to atheists and the non-religious persecuted internationally explicit in the mandate of the ORF.
Friends let us now discuss the constitution of ORF. It has one ambassador and an External Advisory Committee. Dr Andrew P.W. Bennet is the first ambassador of ORF and heads its foreign affairs, trade and development. He worked as a public servant in various capacities in the government of Canada. He is also a religious leader in his capacity as Sub-deacon and Cantor in St John the Baptist Ukrainian-Catholic Shrine in Ottawa.
EAC comprises of 23 prominent leaders from a wide variety of Canadian faith and belief communities representative of Canada’s diversity. It will advise the Office of Religious Freedom on the exercise of its mandate to promote and defend religious freedom internationally as a central element of Canada’s principled foreign policy. It is chaired by Father Raymond J. de’Souza, a Roman Catholic priest of the Archdiocese of Kingston and Chaplain at the Newman Centre, Queen’s University, Corinne Box of the Bahá’í Community of Canada and Malik Talib, President of the Aga Khan Council for Canada, serve as vice-chairs of the EAC. Out of these 23 members of EAC there is only one person representing more than one fourth of Canadian secular and humanist population. He is CFI National Executive Director Mr. Eric Adriaans.
Somebody may put a question to us, "Isn’t it important to defend freedom of religion?" Religious minorities facing persecution definitely deserve our support. But freedom of religion is one of several fundamental freedoms that must be protected, alongside freedom of conscience, thought, belief, opinion, expression, assembly, and association. Moreover, religious individuals and groups are not entitled to more protection than the non-religious. All fundamental freedoms enshrined in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms are important and all must be defended and promoted alike abroad if Canada is to be a leader in democracy and human rights.
The violation of freedom of religion is the violation of human rights. For that, there is a body named Canadian Human Rights Commission which takes care of human rights at national level. However if a body is required to defend the human rights at international level it should be for all freedoms like belief, conscience, expression, thought, opinion, assembly and association. Why particularly for religious freedom only? Friends, there is something suspicious. Moreover the body to defend the human rights internationally should comprise the persons who are champions of defending the human rights, secular and neutral towards all the believers and non-believers. A body with such a composition could be more effective. Religious leaders are always charged with a bias. Can we expect from a religious leader that he will raise his voice against the persecution of non-believers? Sorry friends my answer is big NO. Their track record is very bad. When we go through the history of human race we come to know that they have killed hundreds of thousands of people having different beliefs than theirs, non-believers, intellectuals and scientists. More than 363,000 intellectuals and scientists were killed by Catholic Church in Spain alone during the period of about 350 years from the 15th to the 18th century. The religions used all means legitimate and illegitimate, ethical and unethical to stop rationalism, atheism, secularism and scientific advancement. We all know how furious they were when Darwin’s principle of evolution was published in 1859, as this principle gave a big blow to the basis of religions. They played havoc with the human civilization for hundreds of years. To not go very far away, let us have a glimpse on the recent past say about 50 years. The USA has committed and continues to commit blatant violation of human rights in Vietnam, Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria and a number of other countries. I do not think that any religious leader had ever raised any meaningful voice against these violations or other human rights violations all over the world, or at least maybe very rarely. They are up in arms only when their belief is under attack.
When the Canadian Government has made its intentions clear that religious freedom does not mean freedom from religion, this clearly shows their prejudice against atheism. After all this discussion, is there any iota of doubt that our government is not secular? If we have still some, then the reference of God in national anthem read as “God keep our land glorious and free” and name of God in Canadian Charter of Rights read as “ Whereas Canada is founded upon principles that recognize the supremacy of God and the rule of law”, make clear that the character of our government is pseudo-secular not secular. They pretend to be secular but their actions and practice speak out exactly the opposite.
Friends, I will discuss now what is the grand design of government to promote religion. All of us know unlimited greed is the nature of capitalist system which is now prevalent all over the world. The governments pose themselves as democratic but they are not, they watch and safeguard the interests of their masters, ie the corporations only. The globalization and liberalization policy followed by the governments over the last 30-35 years is designed to increase their profits many many fold. This policy has adversely affected the financial condition of the working class. As per a paper published by UBC in June 2012, the gap between the average income of the upper 1% population of Canada and rest 99% has increased from 1:9 to 1:15 from 1982 to 2010. The average gross income of the upper 1% has increased from $275,000 to $450,000 or an increase of $175,000 during this period. When we talk of BC, this increase is $189,000 and on the contrary the average gross income of the other 99% of the population has decreased by $4,300. The increase in minimum wages in BC has been 19.5% since the year 2001, whereas CPI has increased by more than 30% during this period, whereas the goods outside the ambit of CPI - like housing - has increased many fold. The common man is being burdened day by day through inflation and austerity measures adopted by the governments. The money is being diverted towards corporations through inflation and tax rebates to them. In a nutshell, the pockets of the lower-middle class are being squeezed, the debt burden is increasing and it is becoming hard for them to pull on day after day. They are under financial stress. This is becoming the root cause of so many social problems like prostitution, domestic violence, mental health, drugs and gap between parents and kids. Hence a larger section of our society is mentally perturbed and frustrated. What is responsible for this state of affairs? Our political economic system, not anything else.
The governments exert all efforts to keep people in illusion so that they do not come to know the real root cause of their hardships. They want to divert the attention of people from the real cause towards some imaginary cause. Religion is the proper tool to be used by the governments for this very purpose. Religion had always been used as a shield between exploiters and exploited between ruling class and working class to continue this exploitation. We know that no religion has ever pointed out its finger to make the system responsible for the worries of people rather they make all efforts to make the people believe that this is their destiny, sins or bad deeds done in the previous birth that are responsible for their sufferings. They motivate people to pray to God for the end of their worries. Of course, their followers believe this holy contention without any question. Friends, this is the hard fact that about 200 million people in India go to bed with empty stomachs every day, but they do not revolt since they do not curse the system for their worries rather curse their destiny. The politicians make every effort to maintain the status quo. This is the main motive of governments to patronize the religions. The politicians have another motive also, that is to consolidate their voter base. They make their permutations and combinations to divide the people on religious lines to win the elections. Bill C-51 passed by Harper government is a step in this direction.
Dear friends, is there any need of religion in today’s civilized world of the twenty-first century when there has been a remarkable progress in scientific development? The “doctrine of existence of God” is the basis of all religions. As a father is a shield and shelter against all type of odds and a well learned person for a kid to answer all of his curious questions, similarly the imagination of an Almighty God was like a guarantee against all the odds of nature for a man in his early years of civilization. But can we remain kids forever? No, as we grow up we need the security cover of our father less and less day by day and ultimately we are able to stand on our own feet completely one day. Similarly, when our civilization has now grown up after passing through its early phase of childhood we will have to shed the crutches of our early imaginations and have to face the nature of reality. As the man stood up on its rear legs one day and started walking on his two feet and started using his front legs as tools to fight with the odds of nature, similarly he will have to shed these crutches of imagination of the existence of God. The sooner he will do so, the better it will be for him. The evolution of civilization of mankind is a continuous process. Change is the law of nature. Religion came into existence to give a feeling of security to man against his helplessness. Today’s man is not helpless. Scientific development has made him the master of his destiny. So the religion has become irrelevant in today’s era of scientific advancement. The person who still sticks to this obsolete doctrine will lag behind in the social progress. The time has come to give religion a complete burial.
The irrelevance of religions becomes more evident when we compare the rate of crime in the most religious countries like India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Somalia etc to the most non-religious countries like Japan, Norway, Denmark, Sweden etc. The crime rate in most religious countries is many times more than that in most non-religious countries. I should not be misunderstood. I do not mean that just turning a country from religious to non-religious that the crime rate will come down. There are so many other factors of becoming a nation without crime but one thing is crystal clear: religion does not play any role to make the people moral or ethical. I have made this point to contradict the Federal Minister of Finance statement, which I repeat, “providing charitable status for the advancement of religion is based on the presumption that religion provides people with a moral and ethical framework for living and plays an important role in building social capital and social cohesion.”
After all this discussion we can conclude that the governments who still patronize the religions are not honest and sincere with their people and their country. They have some ulterior motive in continuing this practice, they try to stop the wheel of social progress and they are committing a crime against the humanity. This is the task of secular, humanist and progressive forces of the world to expose such governments.
On the behalf of my organization, I call upon all the secular, humanists, atheists, skeptics, progressive and rationalist organizations of the country to join hands to force the Canadian government:
- To stop all type of subsidies and tax exemptions to religious institutions.
- To stop funding private schools and to adopt a single, secular, publicly funded school system that brings students of all religious and ethnic backgrounds together in an atmosphere of mutual respect and equality.
- The mandate of the Office of Religious Freedom should explicitly recognize the responsibility to promote the freedom to be an atheist or to be non-religious and it should be represented by the people who are secular, humanist and defenders of human rights.
- Remove the reference of God from national anthem and Charter of Rights as it invokes the blessings of a deity who is dismissed as non-existent by one in four Canadians.
- Ban all unscientific and superstitious advertisements and practices.
In the end I thank all of you for giving me a patient hearing. I convey my sincere thanks to Mr Ullrich, Mr Gord, other office bearers of the BCHA and organizers of this event for providing me this opportunity to enjoy your company on this wonderful day.
Tarksheel Cultural Society of Canada
12581 66 Avenue, Surrey, BC, Canada V3W 1V6 | <urn:uuid:d7de890a-d71a-49f0-965e-d38d60faf21b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.bchumanist.ca/tarksheel_cultural_society_talk_to_bcha_sunday_meeting_18_oct_2015 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00433-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966935 | 5,999 | 1.5625 | 2 |
- “That’s a Sentence I Read in a Book Once”: Anne Shirley as a Female Quixote
- “It’s So Much More Romantic to End a Story with a Funeral Than a Wedding”: A Performance of Authorship
- “Which Would You Rather Be If You Had the Choice?”: A Projection of Reading Stances
- “No Ciphering Her Out by the Rules”: Anne of Green Gables as a Quixotic Novel
This study examines Anne of Green Gables as a quixotic novel by considering how the novel’s rhetoric of a performance of authorship embodies moral, aesthetic, and critical stances toward reading.
Copyright: Julie A. Sellers, 2019. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (Creative Commons BY 4.0), which allows the user to share, copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and adapt, remix, transform and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially, PROVIDED the Licensor is given attribution in accordance with the terms and conditions of the CC BY 4.0.
L.M. Montgomery wove her passion for reading and writing into her unforgettable heroine, Anne Shirley, a book lover whose imagination and penchant for the romance of literature repeatedly threaten to blur the line between fact and fiction. Much like Cervantes’s Don Quixote, Anne is rarely content with only reading romantic literature, instead introducing reading into her own world through intertextual references, through discussions of reading, and by enacting reading-inspired adventures, often to her own detriment. Although Anne, a reader-turned-performer of literature, shares much in common with the infamous tilter at windmills, the similarities extend beyond their affinity for chivalrous romance and their attempts to emulate fictional characters as authors of their own narratives. A study of Anne of Green Gables as a quixotic novel reveals how Montgomery employs a performative rhetoric to explore the creative process of writing and to project moral, aesthetic, and critical stances toward reading.
In her study of English quixotic novels, Dorothee Birke identifies the concepts of the performance of authorship and the projection of reading stances as central to understanding how these works elicit critical reflection on both the creation and the reception of texts.1 For Birke, this performance consists of the rhetorical attitude taken by an author toward her audience, a stance that gives preference to a text’s portrayal of the process and act of communication. The framing of “authorial narration as a performance of authorship means seeing it as a process which foregrounds the logic of a text’s production instead of focussing on the figure of the narrator as a personalized entity with distinct abilities, values and opinions.”2 This approach acknowledges the author’s anticipated audience, a readership fashioned by social and cultural constraints, and considers the posture taken toward that audience as revealed through the writing process. The authorial audience is an active participant in the construction of the narrative, since it “does not just react to the teller’s communication; instead the audience and its unfolding responses significantly influence how the teller constructs the tale.”3 The work of literary creation is thus understood as an undertaking that is ultimately public in nature.4 Like Birke, I am less interested in questions of differentiating between author and authorial narrator than in how the authorial voice “(re)produces the structural and functional situation of authorship.”5
The concepts of the performance of authorship and the projection of reading stances that Birke applies to the novels in her study draw on previous approaches to reading the quixotic plot as a work concerned with authorship and reflective reading. Although quixotic protagonists are voracious readers, this is not their defining trait; rather, it is their performance of literature, “how they read and how they try to shape their lives according to what they read.”6 Quixotic characters’ efforts to reinvent themselves are no mere mimesis; rather, they represent the authority with which these readers seek to determine their own actions and identities.7 Don Quixote’s performance of chivalric literature intensifies uncommon behaviour and highlights his “will to self-creation by self-expression.”8 This “quixotic fallacy” is not a condemnation of fiction, but, rather, “an index of the unreliability of readers in their relations to what they read.”9 These novels, therefore, portray specific reading stances as models for reading and reflecting on fiction.
Both the narrative structure and techniques of Don Quixote prioritize Birke’s concepts, for they “entice the reader to share in the creative process and bring out the meaning of the text.”10 Throughout both volumes of Cervantes’s novel, the narrative voice constantly intrudes in the action and often addresses the reader, further underscoring the fiction in which she has become involved to elicit an active response. The interpolated novels in Don Quixote fulfill this same objective of interrupting the story to encourage a reaction.11 George Haley points to the Maese Pedro puppet show episode as analogous to the overall novel by studying the interplay between puppet master, performance, and spectator.12 Maese Pedro pulls the strings to manipulate his characters while his assistant narrates and interprets the tale, adding his own commentary at times. Meanwhile, the puppet master interrupts his assistant to critique his narration and responds to Don Quixote’s criticisms. As a spectator, Don Quixote interrupts the show several times with comments, objections, and corrections. Ultimately, Don Quixote becomes so entangled in the plot that he attacks the characters and destroys the retablo.13 Like this episode, the novel reveals the relationship between the conscious process of writing and the creative and reflective response of reading.
I will focus my reading of Anne of Green Gables as a quixotic novel on the ways authorship is performed with the domestic romance audience in mind, and how its quixotic plot portrays “reading as an embodied act”14 to enact three stances toward reading that call on readers to contemplate their own role as consumers of fiction. This approach challenges the notion that Anne’s mishaps “all teach a similar lesson: adopting romance formulas as a basis for real life results in a mortifying comeuppance” through “pure comic romance.”15 Rather, I argue that the quixotic structure highlights the protagonist as a “self-authorizing” and “self-chronicling actor”16 who performs, time and again, the role of female creator. Anne’s enactments of romantic literature as well as the stories she tells draw our attention to the creative processes of authorship and serve as an indication that the novel “is self-consciously acknowledging, but also transcending, the genre of popular romance.”17 This allows the novel to circumvent the limits of that genre’s conventions and address broader social and cultural issues.18 As Mary Rubio has accurately observed, women writers of Montgomery's time felt apprehensive about their roles as authors within the patriarchal atmosphere of their era, and they embraced a variety of tactics to sidestep reproach; in this way, women writers of popular fiction managed to challenge the ideologies that informed and shaped their culture despite the restrictions imposed by the very genres within which they worked.19 Montgomery’s melding of the domestic romance with the quixotic plot allows her to feign compliance with the established norms of her society while interweaving “a counter-text of rebellion for those who were clever enough to read between the lines.”20 I argue, then, that the quixotic plot encourages active reading and reflection, and this deeper participation on the part of the reader results from the attitudes toward reading projected in the novel.21 These stances equip us not to avoid fiction, but, rather, to consume it appropriately for what it is.22 In this way, Montgomery takes advantage of the popular genre of domestic romance and projects reading stances that call into question “all of the prevailing ideologies which her early 20th century audience demanded.”23 Together, these elements create a rich text that moves beyond the surface-level domestic romance, romantic parody, or criticism of obsessive reading. Montgomery’s novel takes her quixotic protagonist as a point of departure to contemplate the creative process as well as different stances toward reading, thus illustrating the reader’s “status as an active producer of meaning rather than only a passive consumer.”24
“That’s a Sentence I Read in a Book Once”: Anne Shirley as a Female Quixote
Miguel de Cervantes’s Don Quixote25 serves as the blueprint for the character of the avid reader whose reading impacts his sense of reality. The novel recounts the adventures of Alonso Quixano, a hidalgo, or a gentleman of the lesser nobility, who reads chivalrous romances to escape his confining reality. He spends “sleepless nights trying to understand them and extract their meaning,” becoming so immersed in that fictitious world “that for him no history in the world was truer.”26 His grasp of the line between fiction and reality fades, and “when his mind was completely gone, he had the strangest thought any lunatic in the world ever had … to become a knight errant and travel the world with his armor and his horse to seek adventures and engage in everything he had read that knights errant engaged in.”27 Of course, his story is ultimately a series of misadventures that leave the poor knight beaten, bruised, and forcibly returned home at the end of the first book. In the second volume, published in 1615, ten years after the first, Don Quixote learns about the publication of his first adventures, and he sets out again, but, this time, he constantly finds himself in the presence of those who have read about his first exploits as well as Avellaneda’s unauthorized sequel. It is Don Quixote's insistence on transposing the fictitious world of chivalrous novels onto mundane realities that leads him to undertake feats doomed to failure and that underscore the complexity of the processes of both reading and writing.
Don Quixote has been the model for a variety of representations of readers addicted to fiction. Although the quixotic character is fundamental to such novels, a fully developed quixotic plot is more complex. The quixotic novel consists of a protagonist who is a voracious reader and whose reading reshapes her understanding of the world around her. As a result, the main conflict revolves around the protagonist’s altered comprehension of the world. Reading is portrayed as a practice and habit of conduct, and the quixotic novel features a wealth of intertextual allusions and quotations. These intertextual references accentuate the enactment of reading, as both the characters and the authorial narrator weave them into the reality of the novel. These allusions place the quixotic novel itself squarely within the cultures and customs of reading and discussing reading.28 As the protagonist of a quixotic plot, Anne Shirley is an avid reader who views the world through the lens of romantic literature. Reading is an integral part of Anne’s life—a learned behaviour, and one she discusses with a variety of other characters. Like Don Quixote, Anne of Green Gables consists of a series of adventures whose conflicts arise from Anne’s attempts to embody the worlds about which she reads. Rea Wilmshurst has identified over forty literary allusions in the novel, spread among narratorial commentary, intertitles, and the words of the characters themselves,29 and they situate the novel within the practice of literary consumption and discussion.
Numerous women populate novels in the quixotic tradition, among them Arabella in Lennox’s The Female Quixote (1752), Catherine Moreland in Austen’s Northanger Abbey (1817), Emma Bovary in Flaubert’s Madame Bovary (1856), Gerty MacDowell in Joyce’s Ulysses (1922), and Briony Tallis in McEwan’s Atonement (2013). Each of these characters is “a heroine whose head has been turned by over-reading […] and perceives the world refracted through the prism of her fictional code.”30 Anne Shirley figures among these quixotic heroines who “seek to replace their mundane lives devoid of excitement, happiness, and/or fulfilment with the fantastic and romanticized world offered by the books that have sparked a new fire in their wild imaginations.”31 Indeed, Anne’s vivid imagination, which is constantly fed by her insatiable reading, remains one of her most endearing and enduring characteristics. Orphaned as an infant, Anne has not belonged to anyone, and, instead, is taken in and must work for two families before being sent to an orphanage. Books and Anne’s imagination have been her saving grace in these alienating settings, and, despite the ugly realities she has lived, Anne has become adept at escaping them by enacting the worlds about which she reads. Like Don Quixote himself, she is particularly enthralled with chivalrous romance. In fact, “Anne was devoured by secret regret that she had not been born in Camelot. Those days, she said, were so much more romantic than the present.”32 It is therefore fitting that CBC’s 2017 television series Anne with an E quotes the opening lines from Don Quixote when Marilla asks for her personal background.33 Anne is a consumer of the fictions and fashions printed in books and popular magazines, and these romantic texts shape her interactions with the world around her.34 Unlike Lennox’s Arabella, Anne has not lived an isolated existence; rather, she has seen too much of the world, and it is the ugliness of her realities that encourages her flights of fancy as informed by her reading of fictional narrative and poetry.
Matthew Cuthbert’s and our first introduction to the unexpected arrival at the Bright River station alerts us to Anne’s romantic reading of her world: “You could imagine you were dwelling in marble halls,”35 she remarks of her determination to sleep in the wild cherry tree should Matthew not arrive. The iconic drive to Green Gables is defined by Anne’s imagination, fed by her consumption of romantic literature, which interprets the physical world for her. She imagines a bride in a wild plum tree, friends in the trees at the orphanage, and herself outfitted in a silk dress.36 Anne admits to having pinched herself “black and blue from the elbow up”37 to differentiate between the world of her imagination and her dream come true of finally finding a home. To use Anne’s own words, this propensity for “‘imagining things different from what they really are”38 is what leads this quixotic protagonist into one scrape after another throughout the novel.
Although Anne hardly seems the heroine of a romantic novel to herself, the red-headed orphan girl mistakenly sent to the Cuthberts instead of a boy actively seeks to enact the romance of literature as author of her own narrative. This performance of literature, the way quixotic characters attempt to mould their own lives based on the stories they read, has as a primary aim the alteration or creation of realities and identities.39 Anne Shirley, like Don Quixote, is an outsider for whom reading fashions a place to belong and to live more fully.40 As Oriel has observed of Don Quixote, the knight’s unshakable faith in the power of the performative to portray a new identity is such that he propounds a new vision of the definition of self: no longer is one’s identity determined by blood, but, rather, it can be enacted.41 Anne, too, seeks to perform and create her own identity, rather than to bear the label of “orphan.”
As part of this performance, Anne is attuned to the significance of names as she rewrites and transforms herself and the physical world with fanciful and carefully selected appellations as author and creator of her own story. Just as Don Quixote’s real name is not pinned down, Anne goes unnamed for the ride home from the train station, since it never occurs to Matthew to request that information of the little waif awaiting him. Then, when Marilla at last inquires, Anne aims to name herself: “Will you please call me Cordelia?” she requests of Marilla upon meeting her. “Anne is such an unromantic name.”42 The request declined, she still insists, “if you call me Anne please call me Anne spelled with an e.”43 Once her place at Green Gables is assured, Anne identifies herself with her new home: “it’s a million times nicer to be Anne of Green Gables than Anne of nowhere in particular, isn’t it?” she observes.44 This epithet smacks of romance and provides Anne with an identity that recalls titles of nobility.45 Anne’s creative acts do not stop at her own name, for she revels in lighting on the perfect sobriquets for places, too. These labels allow her to claim her surroundings as locales worthy of a romantic story and to make them her own.46 By the morning after her arrival at Green Gables, Anne has dubbed the cherry tree “The Snow Queen” and Marilla’s geranium “Bonny.”47 As Anne explores further out, the christenings continue, and she populates the landscape with names inspired by her reading in an attempt to refashion her surroundings into the setting of her own romantic story: the Dryad’s Bubble, Idlewild, Willomere, Lover’s Lane, the Haunted Wood, Violet Vale, and the Birch Path.48 Anne is so adept at thinking up such names that she reports, “Diana says she never saw the beat of me for hitting on fancy names for places.”49 The power of this performative speech ultimately lies in others’ acceptance of and references to the rechristened landscape with Anne’s new names as those names “become part of the geography of the narrated text.”50
The quixotic protagonist seeks to supersede “the virtual existence of print: he longs actually to live in a romance world”51 by embodying reading. From the moment we meet Anne at the Bright River train station and hear her determination to sleep in the wild cherry tree, we realize that she, like Don Quixote, looks on the everyday world through the lens of her romantic reading. Anne’s yearning to imprint the quotidian world with romantic fiction leads her into countless mishaps that, while mostly less dangerous than the misadventures of Don Quixote, are every bit as unromantic. While, unlike Don Quixote, Anne rarely believes the products of her imagination—the Haunted Wood episode being the primary exception52—her daydreaming and desire to inscribe reality with romance do get her into a considerable amount of trouble. From imagining herself as the perfect hostess and inadvertently intoxicating Diana by overacting in this role,53 to attempting unsuccessfully to walk the ridgepole of the Barrys’ kitchen roof because “[her] honour is at stake,”54 from the failed attempt to dye her red hair black55 to her frustrated re-enactment of Tennyson’s “Lancelot and Elaine,”56 Anne’s attempts at emulating the honour, beauty, and drama of romantic literature are a decided flop. Experiencing such failure is an essential characteristic of the quixotic character,57 and this undercuts the common themes of the very genre the Quixote emulates.
Anne’s attempts to inscribe the physical world with the romance of fiction flavour her speech and consciously and subconsciously inform her actions. Her outburst at Mrs. Lynde’s comments about her hair reveals the importance Anne places on individual honour and dignity, as in chivalrous literature. To please Matthew, Anne relents and agrees to apologize to Mrs. Lynde, delivering a convincing performance: “Mournful penitence appeared on every feature. Before a word was spoken Anne suddenly went down on her knees before the astonished Mrs. Rachel and held out her hands beseechingly.”58 Marilla is mortified to discover that Anne relishes the drama of her own performance and “was actually enjoying her valley of humiliation—was revelling in the thoroughness of her abasement.”59 Later, when Anne provides a coerced false confession about losing Marilla’s brooch, she enacts a scene that meets her satisfaction as a romantic heroine: “I thought out a confession … and made it as interesting as I could.”60 Anne’s vow of friendship with Diana—spoken with clasped hands over a garden path they pretend is running water61—is a physical and verbal enactment of scenes inspired by her reading. Anne seasons her “eternal farewell”62 to Diana following the raspberry cordial incident with performative utterances aimed not only at inscribing meaning to the moment but making it more romantic as well. “I used the most pathetic language I could think of and said ‘thou’ and ‘thee',” she later reports to Marilla of this parting; “‘Thou’ and ‘thee’ seem so much more romantic than ‘you.’”63 Despite being separated from her bosom friend, Anne finds consolation in the romance of their farewell.64 Anne also sees the drama in her winter evening dash to help cure Diana’s younger sister: “Anne, although sincerely sorry for Minnie May, was far from being insensible to the romance of the situation.”65 Later, when Mr. Bell cuts down the trees that had formed Anne and Diana’s Idlewild playhouse, Anne “sat among the stumps and wept, not without an eye to the romance of it.”66 Anne’s view of romance, however, refuses to expand to acknowledge it where it truly is: in Gilbert’s saving the rose that falls from her hair at the school concert,67 or his rescue of her during her failed portrayal of the Lily Maid.68 Like Lennox’s Arabella, Anne feels obliged to defend her honour by defying Gilbert to truly speak of or even insinuate a real romance.
Actual performances and the language of performance in narratorial commentary further draw our attention to performativity in the novel. The authorial narrator observes of Marilla following Anne’s outburst to Mrs. Lynde that “[s]he felt no little dismay over the scene that had just been enacted.”69 Anne’s fit of temper when Gilbert calls her “Carrots” is likewise described as a spectacle: “Avonlea school always enjoyed a scene … Tommy Sloane let his team of crickets escape him altogether while he stared open-mouthed at the tableau.”70 In these examples, Anne’s affinity for chivalrous romance predisposes her to heated defences of her own personal dignity. Given her proclivity for embodying her own reading, it is no surprise that Anne also relishes actual public performances. She is thrilled to participate in Miss Stacy’s fundraiser concert and, for her, life after the concert loses much of its tang.71 Later, when Anne recites at the White Sands Hotel benefit as a young woman, she is again “deliciously athrill with the excitement of it.”72 Together, these performances portray reading as an embodied and not merely a cognitive act, and they reiterate Rosenblatt’s assertion that “[t]he reader of a text who evokes a literary work of art is, above all, a performer, in the same sense that a pianist performs a sonata, reading it from the text.”73
“It’s So Much More Romantic to End a Story with a Funeral Than a Wedding”: A Performance of Authorship
Stephen Railton argues that authorial literary performance is both self-aware of its given audience and self-conscious of the process of literary creation.74 The quixotic plot reflects these anxieties through a performance of authorship, following Cervantes’s original model of an embedded consciousness of the creative process. This is achieved in part through a multi-layered narrative structure that draws attention to the fictitious construct of the novel. In Don Quixote, we discover at the end of Chapter 8 (Book I) that the original author of the knight’s adventures was an Arabic historian, Cide Hamete Benengeli. A second author identifies himself as the reader of the first chapters, admitting that he discovered the remaining chapters in Arabic in a market in Toledo and had to hire a translator, himself unreliable, to render the manuscript in Spanish.75 The interpolated novels also interrupt the action to highlight the creative process of narration and to stimulate an engaged response from the reader.76 While the chivalrous romances attempt to pass themselves off as history, Cervantes is intent on revealing the presence of the creator—much like the puppet master, Maese Pedro, in Book II.77
Behind Anne Shirley, there is another puppet master pulling all the strings, another author performing her craft and well aware of her intended audience. Each precisely titled chapter relates another adventure for the quixotic female protagonist who sallies forth to construct her identity as Anne of Green Gables in her new-found home. These intertitles form part of what Gérard Genette identifies as the paratext, those imprecise areas that are “a zone not just of transition, but of transaction”78 and that negotiate meaning between the audience and the text itself. Intertitles may vary from the humorous Cervantine model that summarizes what will transpire in the chapter to succinct intertitles to numbers or to none at all; whatever their form, they draw our attention to the authorial voice that selects and inscribes them.79 In Anne of Green Gables, the intertitles follow the Cervantine model of summarizing and setting expectations, although in an abbreviated form. The first three chapters’ titles80 prepare us, like Mrs. Lynde, Matthew, and Marilla, to be surprised, and highlight the authorial awareness of audience. The narratorial commentary, “those speech acts by a narrator that go beyond providing the facts of the fictional world and the recounting of events,”81 further underscores the author as performer. We are conscious of the authorial narrator’s role in constructing the text before us in her observations of the thoughts and behaviour of the brook as it passes Mrs. Lynde’s home.82 Like Mrs. Lynde herself, positioned at the strategic vantage point of her window with her “all-seeing eye,”83 the authorial narrator is clearly present in the very story she delivers. She anticipates her audience’s reaction to Anne’s arrival in her portrayal of Mrs. Lynde as thinking “in exclamation points”84 upon learning of the Cuthberts’ intention to adopt an orphan boy. She hints at the surprise awaiting Matthew at the station,85 empathizes with the ugliness Anne has endured,86 and even reveals that Anne fails to follow all of Marilla’s directives by forgetting to air the bed on her first morning at Green Gables.87 Narratorial comments also remind us of the limits of writing. The image of the sea on the buggy ride from Bright River includes a description of its “many shifting hues,” with “elusive tintings for which no name has ever been found.”88 Likewise, the plain gable room given to Anne is “of a rigidity not to be described in words.”89 The commentary reveals the authorial narrator’s role as the discretionary documenter in the Bildungsroman she is writing when she mentions in passing a list of Anne’s minor scrapes that she deems too insignificant to relate in detail.90 The authorial narrator’s observation that “all the silly things that were done in Avonlea that summer because the doers thereof were ‘dared’ to do them would fill a book by themselves”91 highlights her selectivity in what she does include.
The performance of authorship is also depicted by the characters themselves. Anne is never at a loss to tell or invent a romantic story, some of which even move her to tears.92 Anne’s ability to retell and (re)create fiction supports creative licence, since she admits to inventing her own ending to a story when she forgets the original version.93 Rubio has described Anne as an “artist” who “creates a new reality,” not only for herself, but for all those around her.94 In addition to her own private daydreams, Anne shares stories and events from daily life with others. Often, she interlaces these narrations with commentary as she relates those fancies and admits how they collide with daily life. From forgetting to put flour in a cake95 to finding a mouse drowned in the pudding sauce she fails to cover because of her daydreams,96 to burning up a pie warming in the oven because of her reveries of knights and princesses,97 Anne’s narrated mishaps parallel the narratorial commentary of the novel.
The Story Club that Anne and her friends begin also encourages conversations about the writing process and about their intended audience. In fact, Waterston argues that the Story Club element “is the mark of Montgomery’s assurance as creator of fiction.”98 Anne’s story, “The Jealous Rival; or In Death Not Divided,” is her own romantic effort to write a love story worthy of the genre of domestic romance.99 However, her own experience is so lacking that she must turn to outside sources (the eavesdropping Ruby Gillis) to know how to write the proposal scene; when the requested suggestion fails to meet her expectations, she imagines it for herself instead. Anne interrupts her retelling of her own story of Malcolm Andrews’s unromantic proposal to Ruby Gillis’s older sister with narratorial commentary, just as we see her do throughout the novel. Despite this romantic information, Anne prefers to kill off her characters, observing, “It’s so much more romantic to end a story with a funeral than a wedding.”100 Indeed, Anne’s commentary on the creative process foreshadows the novel’s own ending in Matthew’s death and the postponement of a romantic relationship between Anne and Gilbert.101 The guiding influence of Miss Stacy also encourages conversations and reflection on the writing process. Under her tutelage, Anne recognizes the incompatibility between the worlds she attempts to create, as informed by her reading, and the world in which she lives: “It was silly to be writing about love and murder and elopements and mysteries. Miss Stacy … won’t let us write anything but what might happen in Avonlea in our own lives.”102 This commentary reflects the creative production of the novel itself, which contains nothing but what might have happened in the fictional setting of Avonlea and the lives of the characters who inhabit it.
The authorial narrator’s commentary regarding Marilla is especially insightful to the concept of a performance of authorship. She introduces Marilla as “a woman of narrow experience and rigid conscience,” observing that “there was a saving something about her mouth which, if it had been ever so slightly developed, might have been considered indicative of a sense of humour.”103 The process by which Marilla’s personality thaws is directly related to Anne’s attempts (and ultimate failures) to embody reading. Anne’s melodramatic reaction to being told the Cuthberts expected a boy brings out on Marilla’s face “a reluctant smile, rather rusty from long disuse.”104 As the novel progresses, Marilla is constantly containing both smiles and laughter at Anne’s interpretation of the world of Avonlea as well as her failed attempts to enact reading in that world. It is, in fact, Anne’s tears over the future she writes in her imagination of Diana as a married woman who will leave her bosom friend that finally cause Marilla to “burst into … a hearty and unusual peal of laughter.”105 Although Marilla chastises Anne for her candid assessment of other characters, she admits to herself that she has read them in the same way. Duty urges Marilla to reprimand Anne, but she “was hampered by the undeniable fact that some of the things Anne had said, especially about the minister’s sermons and Mr. Bell's prayers, were what she herself had really thought deep down in her heart for years.”106 In addition to these unspoken common views, Marilla rereads (remembers) and narrates Anne’s exploits as part of their shared narrative before briefly relating the story of her own failed romance with John Blythe.107 Anne’s embodied reading has made Marilla a more thoughtful and compassionate reader of her own life, and by end of the novel, Mrs. Lynde avers that Marilla has become downright “mellow.”108
“Which Would You Rather Be If You Had the Choice?”: A Projection of Reading Stances
In her study of quixotic novels, Birke explains the projection of reading stances as a tool for analyzing textual self-awareness and “to negotiate views of what it means to be a reader of fiction.”109 This concept builds upon Rabinowitz’s view of the “authorial audience,” a “more or less specific hypothetical audience” for whom authors “design their books rhetorically.”110 The notion of the authorial audience takes into account the impact of “readers’ prior knowledge of conventions of reading” and how this knowledge impacts “their experiences and evaluations of the narratives they confront.”111 These projections of the authorial audience suggest stances toward reading through the interpretation of textual elements in light of discovering what they reveal about how we read. Additionally, characters who read contribute to these projections through their own attitudes and the way they contemplate the ties between the audience and author of a work.112 These stances toward reading embrace Rosenblatt’s use of the term as that which “suggests a readiness to respond in a particular … way.”113 Rosenblatt situates these responses along a continuum with non-aesthetic, efferent reading (for information or to inform actions after reading) at one end, and aesthetic reading (concerned with the reader’s experiences as she reads) on the other. Most reading occurs between these extremes, and the reader’s focus, and by extension, her reactions, shift fluidly among the different facets of the text.114 Studying the reading stances projected in quixotic plots provides insight into the consumption of fiction by the novel’s intended audience.
In Anne of Green Gables, three stances toward reading are projected: one moral, another aesthetic, and, a third, critical. These postures reflect the forms of the Platonic triad of truth, beauty, and goodness, as expressed by Anne in her question of Matthew on their first drive home,115 “Which would you rather be if you had the choice—divinely beautiful or dazzlingly clever or angelically good?”116 André Narbonne sees the representation of the Platonic triad in the novel as the projection of a moral lesson that rejects Romanticism’s exaggerated sentimentality and accepts duty as the ideal as readers “cease living in a false world of abandonment and find meaning instead in the real.”117 Instead of teaching a solely moral lesson, I argue that Anne’s question, which Narbonne has described as “the epic question of the novel,”118 represents three stances toward reading: moral (goodness), aesthetic (beauty), and critical (truth).
A moral stance toward reading is most evident in the utilitarianism of the rural community of Avonlea where hard work and conformity take precedence over imagination; it is this stance that most closely mirrors Montgomery’s apparent conformity to the domestic romance genre of her time. Our introduction to Avonlea is in the personage of Mrs. Rachel Lynde, a “notable housewife” whose “work was always done and well done.”119 Never is Mrs. Lynde idle, for in addition to the numerous groups she runs or in which she participates, she has time to knit quilts—“sixteen of them, as Avonlea housekeepers were wont to tell in awed voices.”120 Still, it is Marilla who most fully embodies this utilitarianism. Marilla’s explanation of her and Matthew’s decision to adopt a ten- or eleven-year-old boy is centred on both moral and practical considerations: “We decided that would be the best age—old enough to be of some use in doing chores right off and young enough to be trained up proper.”121 Marilla’s original arguments against keeping Anne are solidly based in utilitarian considerations: “What good would she be to us?” she demands of Matthew.122 Once Marilla agrees that Anne may stay, she undercuts Matthew’s observation of Anne as “such an interesting little thing” by insisting, “It’d be more to the point if you could say she was a useful little thing.”123 Marilla’s frustrations with Anne’s flights of fancy, the polar opposite of her pragmatic understanding of duty and work, are borne out time and again: Anne beholds a beautiful tree where Marilla sees only fruit plagued by worms;124 Anne’s rapturous speech to Matthew about the upcoming Sunday-school picnic interferes with Marilla’s timetable for Anne to work on her sewing;125 Mr. and Mrs. Barry’s invitation to take Anne to the concert with Diana and sleep over in the spare room collides with Marilla’s fear that the outing will “unsettle her for a week.”126 Indeed, Marilla feels so bound to her duty of providing Anne with a moral upbringing that the authorial narrator observes she “was as fond of morals as the Duchess in Wonderland.”127 As Anne matures, she increasingly embraces a more utilitarian stance herself. She talks less and uses shorter words,128 prepares “hot biscuits that were light and white enough to defy even Mrs. Rachel’s criticism,”129 and even admits to Gilbert her stubbornness in holding a grudge.130 Her dutiful stance is most clearly portrayed in Anne’s renunciation of her Avery Scholarship as she embraces her duty to Marilla, Green Gables, and, by extension, the community of Avonlea as its teacher. This is the expected denouement for readers of the domestic romance, and it foresees Anne’s romance with Gilbert, upholding the social expectations and those of the genre at the same time that the other reading stances and Anne’s strength as a female author undermine this status quo.
The second stance is aesthetic, and, in it, the reader’s focus is on what she experiences during the act of reading itself.131 This stance envisions reading as an interactive experience that seeks an individual interpretation during the reading process, regardless of any practical information derived from a text. This is the approach that “indicates that the best kind of meaning is a personal meaning”132 when reading and interpreting literature. It is such a response to reading that concerns Mrs. Barry when she bemoans that Diana “reads entirely too much.”133 Despite Mrs. Barry’s concerns, reading is an important and integral activity practised by and shared among multiple characters in the novel. Anne’s enactment of romantic reading reveals this aestheticism as she models her interpretation of her own world on her approach to reading literature and popular magazines. This is the reading experience of the here and now, of art for art’s sake, and often, Anne’s aesthetic interpretations of her world leave her enraptured, as in the case of the White Way of Delight,134 the beauties of the shore road,135 her discoveries in and around the Green Gables property in her first fortnight at the Cuthberts’,136 and her response to the prima donna’s performance in Charlottetown.137 Anne’s attention to all things lovely is paramount, and in her first prayer she beseeches God, “please let me be good-looking when I grow up.”138 The flowers she adds to her hat on the way to Sunday school,139 her desire to have a pretty dress with puffed sleeves,140 and even her disastrous attempt to dye her hair a “beautiful raven black”141 reveal Anne’s eye for beauty. With her “love of wildflowers and celebration of beauty for beauty’s sake, Anne is an aesthete”142 whose appreciation for all things lovely is an enactment of the authorial narrator’s “purple prose.”143 Anne also interprets others’ actions with an eye to their aesthetic value, and sometimes finds them lacking—Mrs. Lynde’s criticisms of her hair144 and Gilbert’s unwelcome nickname145 being two prime examples.
Additionally, Anne’s speech is punctuated with intertextual allusions and comments about her reading, revealing the centrality of art in her life. We know that she is reprimanded for reading Ben Hur during class because she is so enthralled with the romance of the chariot race,146 and we know that other girls loan her novels.147 Anne discusses her reading with her friends, Miss Stacy, Mrs. Allan, and Marilla. Likewise, Anne and the other members of the Story Club read their creations to each other. These conversations and interactions reveal that for Anne, reading is not merely a cognitive act, but, rather, an intimately individualized activity fundamental to her daily life and that offers topics and content worthy of discussion in the reading community Anne inspires and builds. Kelly Blewett has described this attitude toward reading as one that “happens out in the world,”148 focusing on the Lily Maid adventure as her example. Anne’s aesthetic interpretation and eventual dramatization of Tennyson’s poem contrasts with the traditional approach to its study employed in the Avonlea school: “They had analyzed and parsed it and torn it to pieces in general until it was a wonder there was any meaning at all left in it for them.”149 Although Anne claims she is through with romance at the conclusion of this adventure, Matthew cautions Anne, “Don’t give up all your romance.”150 This gentle admonition supports an aesthetic posture toward reading, for “to deny one’s imaginative faculties and batten down to a totally practical existence is to kill one’s soul.”151 This stance upholds the view that women’s reading can bring them aesthetic pleasure and not only a moral by which to live.
The critical posture toward reading encourages the authorial audience to read deeper than the surface level, to look beyond the novel’s apparent conformity to the norms of the domestic romance, and by extension, the patriarchal culture. Mrs. Lynde provides us with our first example of a critical reading stance. Seeing Matthew calmly and inexplicably driving by on a June day when he should be working, Mrs. Lynde knows “she would never rest until she had ferreted out the whys and wherefores thereof.”152 From the start, Mrs. Lynde serves as an example of the critical reader who digs below the surface. She models how to read when she pulls together all the various clues she has observed: the time of day and year; Matthew bedecked in his good clothes and driving the sorrel mare and buggy; the place settings and meal laid out on the table.153 When at last Marilla reveals the truth about Matthew’s destination and purpose, Mrs. Lynde insists on an equally discerning stance toward understanding the expected orphan boy. She says: “You’re bringing a strange child into your house and home, and you don’t know a single thing about him nor what his disposition is nor what sort of parents he had nor how he’s likely to turn out.”154 If we replace “child” with “novel” in Mrs. Lynde’s observations, we can apply an equally critical stance toward reading and evaluating the unknown text before us. Likewise, the authorial narrator encourages a critical stance by differentiating between what an “ordinary observer” would have noticed of the young girl waiting at the train station and what an “extraordinary observer” would have deciphered.155 Marilla is also capable of understanding nuances, for we are told that she “was shrewd enough to read between the lines of Anne’s history and divine the truth.”156 Matthew, the quintessential old bachelor, engages in a critical read of the sartorial when he observes Anne and her friends and realizes her dresses are somehow different.157 Anne’s reads (assessments) of everyone from Mrs. Blewett as “a gimlet”158 to Mrs. Barry as “obstinate”159 and Superintendent Bell as unimaginative in his prayers160 also project a critical and questioning posture toward reading. So sure is Anne of this questioning stance that she even calls into question Shakespeare’s affirmation that “a rose by any other name would smell as sweet,” doubting that “a rose would be as nice if it was called a thistle or a skunk-cabbage.”161 Anne models the right to question the norms of her society, and this effectively parallels Montgomery’s use of the domestic romance as a “safe space in which to write” while “[giving] … sharp critical digs to a social system prejudiced against women.”162
The three stances toward reading projected in Anne of Green Gables reflect the epigraph to the novel from Browning’s “Evelyn Hope.” As a threshold to the novel, this epigraph comments both on the title and the text.163 The reference to Browning’s poem recalls its speaker’s final actions and words: he encloses a leaf in Evelyn Hope’s lifeless hand, confident that she “will wake, and remember, and understand” its meaning.164 This image is an invitation to read the pages (leaves) with an eye to deeper understanding. Like Anne’s “epic question”165 about beauty, intellect, or goodness, the epigraph also mirrors the Platonic triad. The novel is multi-dimensional, and the epigraph invites the authorial audience to read it through the lens of the interwoven forms of spirit (goodness), fire (truth), and dew (beauty).
For the reader of Anne of Green Gables, these stances toward reading at first support and ultimately subvert the conventions of domestic romance and the dominant patriarchal system of Montgomery’s time. Mary Rubio’s study of the techniques Montgomery employs to undercut the very genre in which she writes underscores this ebb and flow between apparent conformity and subtle subversion. As Rubio points out, “This deviousness was necessary because many women readers would have been quite disturbed by a frontal attack on the social system which they took for granted … but they were not averse to seeing oppressive patriarchal power structures satirized.”166 They can laugh at the scrapes Anne finds herself in as a result of quixotically assuming the creative authorship of her own life without feeling their own cultural norms challenged. Various of the strategies Rubio indicates are reminiscent of other quixotic plots: the use of oral storytelling, placing critical commentary in the mouths of characters of seemingly little importance such as an orphan child, a focus on ideas and characters over action, and a narrator who intrudes directly in the action. Ultimately, Montgomery has to cater to the demands of her reading public, and Anne must conform to the cultural norms of her time by marrying and starting a family.167 Despite this generic ending, Anne’s quixotism runs beneath the flow of the happy ending, encouraging her female readers to explore her story, and others, through multiple angles, and to become authors of their own narratives. Just as Anne enacts the Lily Maid scene, her own story “is akin to a costume for the girl reader to try on, a persona with which to play.”168 A multi-faceted approach to reading and interpreting texts, as demonstrated by the stances projected in the novel, undercuts the apparent moral of the story and prescribed happy ending.169170
“No Ciphering Her Out by the Rules”: Anne of Green Gables as a Quixotic Novel
Reading Anne of Green Gables as a quixotic novel promotes a reflective interaction with the text, based on its portrayal of the processes of writing and reading. This performance accentuates the various stances toward reading projected in the novel, and, together, these postures provide a more complete interpretation than any single one alone. Just as Avonlea evolves from being “a community of atomized individuals,”171 the characters adopt each other’s approaches so that the pragmatic and moralistic Marilla, the aesthetic Anne, and the critical Mrs. Lynde together form a whole, a community of readers. This emphasis on community is highlighted in the allusion to Tennyson’s “The Palace of Art” in the final chapter.172 The authorial narrator references Tennyson’s poem when she describes the setting before Anne as she walks home from the cemetery as “a haunt of ancient peace.”173 In the poem, a soul inhabits a rich palace in solitude, a condition and location that allow her infinite opportunities to explore beauty and intellect. Yet after a time, the soul begins to languish in her solitude, and she opts to abandon her “lordly pleasure-house” for a modest cottage, hoping to again live in community “with others.”174 Anne, like the soul of the poem, embraces the beauty of the community before her, and the duty and truth that accompany it, and “she gratefully opened the gates of her soul to it.”175 Stephen Railton points to the tension between solitary artistic production and awareness of audience, observing that “literary creations should mean finding and freely enjoying a territory of one’s own imagination, but in fact it means moving in just the opposite direction: toward others.”176 As Elizabeth Epperly has observed, “Anne is not meant to live forever in appreciation of scenery and tranquility alone; she is destined to interact with many others.”177 Anne’s acceptance of her duty and movement away from her solitary imaginings accentuate this paradox of authorship, and the multiple reading stances underscore the novel’s apparent conformity to the genre of domestic romance.
Despite the temptation to interpret the novel as a moral lesson, of the three stances toward reading projected in Anne of Green Gables (moral, aesthetic, and critical), none prevails over any other. Instead, the stances are interwoven throughout this quixotic plot and reflect the “to-and-fro movement of the attention from one aspect to another of the responses activated by the text.”178 The characters representing these different postures constantly check each other to underscore the multi-faceted and fluid nature of reading responses: the aesthetically sensitive Anne reminding Mrs. Lynde that unfiltered criticism of her red hair is unwarranted; Mrs. Lynde undermining Marilla’s pure utilitarianism by becoming Matthew’s accomplice in making a beautiful, puffed-sleeve dress for Anne; and Anne’s hair being shorn at Marilla’s hand, following her attempts to dye it, are symbolic of trimming away the excesses of her aestheticism.
Although Anne’s enactments of reading skirt the line between fact and fiction, she generally recognizes her stories and daydreams for what they are. She understands that her fancies are just that—until they intrude fully upon her physical reality, as in the Haunted Wood episode.179 Then, the authorial narrator reveals that “her terror was very real,”180 and as the title of that chapter suggests, Anne’s “Good Imagination” has “Gone Wrong.” Although Anne’s unrestrained efforts to enact a ghost story in a Gothic setting succeed in frightening her, it is not her aestheticism itself that has “gone wrong,” but, rather, her one-dimensional approach to reading and creating a story. This episode significantly occurs on Anne’s one-year anniversary at Green Gables, and it serves as a reminder to strike the balance among the reading stances projected throughout the novel. Anne’s endeavours to create art for art’s sake are not only criticized by Marilla, but also by the authorial narrator in the selection of this intertitle. Anne’s imagination has led her astray, not because of her aestheticism and creativity, but, rather, because it embodies a single posture toward reading. This intertitle reminds us not to embrace a single reading stance, nor to confuse Montgomery’s “medium” (the domestic romance) “with her message.”181
This multi-faceted model to reading the writer and writing the reader, to paraphrase Birke’s title, recalls Mrs. Lynde’s later words to Marilla of Anne:
It is Mrs. Lynde, the “all-seeing eye”183 and overly critical reader of the first scene, who blends the three stances in these lines: she acknowledges the limits of her criticism while recognizing both Anne’s usefulness and her beauty. Mrs. Lynde reminds us that one-dimensional attitudes toward reading—those “that worked with other children”184—will fall short in our interpretations of Anne who is in a category all her own. Montgomery works subtly within the domestic romance genre to offer a rich representation of the female author and women readers. Reading Anne of Green Gables as a quixotic novel illustrates how Montgomery’s rhetoric of a performance of authorship embodies moral, aesthetic, and critical reading stances to explore both writing and reading as creative endeavours.
About the Author: Dr. Julie A. Sellers, a specialist in adult second language acquisition and Latin American popular culture and identity, is an Associate Professor of World and Classical Languages and Cultures (Spanish) at Benedictine College. She is also a Federally Certified Court Interpreter (Spanish/English). Dr. Sellers has published three books on Dominican music and identity, and on language acquisition and interpreting skills in a variety of publications. In addition to these topics, Dr. Sellers has applied her work in literature and identity to studies of Anne of Green Gables. She was the 2017 Kansas World Language Association’s Teacher of the Year.
Acknowledgements: The author wishes to thank Dr. Michael Stigman and Prof. Veronica Charbonnet for reading early drafts of this article; Dr. Filiberto Mares Hernández, P.J. Vaske, and Christopher Renna for reading the original conference proposal based on this study; librarian Jane Schuele who helped me obtain a number of sources through Interlibrary Loan; the Atchison Public Library for allowing me to share my research with the local community; artist Claire Schroettner for the beautiful artwork that accompanies this article; and my dog, Mozzie, for sitting at my feet while I read for this study. Special thanks to Dr. Lesley Sieger-Walls for years of shared dreams, ambitions, and now memories based on our Anne-inspired escapades.
Banner image derived from Drawing of "Anne of Green Gables and Don Quixote." 2019. Claire Schroettner.
- 1 Birke, Writing 32.
- 2 Birke 43.
- 3 Phelan, “Authors” 2.
- 4 Railton, Authorship 4.
- 5 Lanser, Fictions 16.
- 6 Fox, Flaubert 46.
- 7 Larubia-Prado, Don Quijote 340.
- 8 Laurbia-Prado, 334.
- 9 Brown, “The Quixotic Fallacy” 251.
- 10 Fernández-Morera, “Cervantes” 405.
- 11 Fernández-Morera 409.
- 12 Haley, “Narrator.”
- 13 Cervantes, Don Quixote 620–42.
- 14 Birke, 24.
- 15 Ross, “Calling.”
- 16 Gaylord, “Don Quixote's” 80–81.
- 17 Gammel, “Wildwood Roses” 4.
- 18 Rubio, “Subverting” 8, 12.
- 19 Rubio, “Subverting” 7–8.
- 20 Rubio, “Subverting” 8.
- 21 Fox 18.
- 22 Haley 164.
- 23 Rubio, “Subverting” 13.
- 24 Birke 177.
- 25 Given the intended English-speaking audience for this article, all quotations are from Edith Grossman’s translation to the English of Don Quixote .
- 26 Cervantes 21.
- 27 Cervantes 21.
- 28 Birke 21.
- 29 Wlimshurst.
- 30 Norvillo-Corvalán, “Androgynous Desire” 2.
- 31 Norvillo-Corvalán 4.
- 32 Montgomery, Annotated Anne 295.
- 33 Walley-Beckett.
- 34 Epperly, Fragrance 11.
- 35 Montgomery 52.
- 36 Montgomery 52–56.
- 37 Montgomery 63.
- 38 Montgomery 103.
- 39 Fox 119.
- 40 Martínez, “Don Quijote” 48.
- 41 Oriel, “Yo Sé” 75, 80.
- 42 Montgomery 67.
- 43 Montgomery 69.
- 44 Montgomery 109.
- 45 Gammel, Looking 170.
- 46 Steffler, “Anne” 155.
- 47 Montgomery 81.
- 48 Ross.
- 49 Montgomery 160.
- 50 Sugars, “Matthew's School” 115.
- 51 Gaylord 74.
- 52 Sugars 111.
- 53 Montgomery 177–90.
- 54 Montgomery 253.
- 55 Montgomery 288.
- 56 Montgomery 293–302.
- 57 Fox 45.
- 58 Montgomery 122.
- 59 Montgomery 123.
- 60 Montgomery 156.
- 61 Montgomery 140.
- 62 Montgomery 191.
- 63 Montgomery 193.
- 64 Montgomery 192.
- 65 Montgomery 204.
- 66 Montgomery 294.
- 67 Montgomery 276.
- 68 Montgomery 300–301.
- 69 Montgomery 116.
- 70 Montgomery 167.
- 71 Montgomery 277.
- 72 Montgomery 346.
- 73 Rosenblatt, The Reader 28.
- 74 Railton 18.
- 75 Cervantes 65–69.
- 76 Fernández-Morera 409.
- 77 Haley.
- 78 Genette, Paratexts 2.
- 79 Genette.
- 80 Titles of the first three chapters are “Mrs. Rachel Lynde is Surprised,” “Matthew Cuthbert is Surprised,” and “Marilla Cuthbert is Surprised.”
- 81 Birke 40.
- 82 Montgomery 39.
- 83 Montgomery 40.
- 84 Montgomery 45.
- 85 Montgomery 45.
- 86 Montgomery 76.
- 87 Montgomery 78.
- 88 Montgomery 61.
- 89 Montgomery 72.
- 90 Montgomery 251.
- 91 Montgomery 251.
- 92 Montgomery 182, 280.
- 93 Montgomery 178.
- 94 Rubio, “Anne” 74.
- 95 Montgomery 182.
- 96 Montgomery 182–84.
- 97 Montgomery 227–28.
- 98 Waterston, Kindling Spirit 36.
- 99 Montgomery 280–82.
- 100 Montgomery 282.
- 101 Gubar, “'Where.'”
- 102 Montgomery 333.
- 103 Montgomery 43.
- 104 Montgomery 67.
- 105 Montgomery 175.
- 106 Montgomery 133.
- 107 Montgomery 384–85.
- 108 Montgomery 175.
- 109 Birke 5.
- 110 Rabinowitz, Before Reading 21.
- 111 Rabinowitz 3.
- 112 Birke 39.
- 113 Rosenblatt 43.
- 114 Rosenblatt 37.
- 115 Narbonne, “Carlylean Sentiment,” 435–36.
- 116 Montgomery 58.
- 117 Narbonne 434.
- 118 Narbonne 435.
- 119 Montgomery 39.
- 120 Montgomery 40.
- 121 Montgomery 45–46.
- 122 Montgomery 73.
- 123 Montgomery 96.
- 124 Montgomery 76.
- 125 Montgomery 143.
- 126 Montgomery 214.
- 127 Montgomery 106.
- 128 Montgomery 331–32.
- 129 Montgomery 325.
- 130 Montgomery 394.
- 131 Rosenblatt 25.
- 132 Blewett, “'An Unfortunate'” 281.
- 133 Montgomery 137.
- 134 Montgomery 58–59.
- 135 Montgomery 88.
- 136 Montgomery 112.
- 137 Montgomery 310.
- 138 Montgomery 99.
- 139 Montgomery 129.
- 140 Montgomery 127–28.
- 141 Montgomery 290.
- 142 Gammel, Looking 171.
- 143 Rubio, Lucy Maud 3.
- 144 Montgomery 114–15.
- 145 Montgomery 167.
- 146 Montgomery 316–17.
- 147 Montgomery 200, 317–18.
- 148 Blewett 277.
- 149 Montgomery 295.
- 150 Montgomery 302.
- 151 Rubio, “Anne” 74.
- 152 Montgomery 39.
- 153 Montgomery 40–43.
- 154 Montgomery 46.
- 155 Montgomery 51.
- 156 Montgomery 89.
- 157 Montgomery 265–66.
- 158 Montgomery 95.
- 159 Montgomery 190.
- 160 Montgomery 131, 256.
- 161 Montgomery 85.
- 162 Rubio, “Subverting” 19.
- 163 Genette 56–60.
- 164 Browning, “Evelyn Hope” 64.
- 165 Narbonne 435.
- 166 Rubio, “Subverting” 19.
- 167 Rubio, “Subverting” 28.
- 168 Blewett 276.
- 169 Blewett 279.
- 170 Rubio, “Subverting” 27.
- 171 Narbonne 436.
- 172 Blewett 288.
- 173 Montgomery 394.
- 174 Tennyson, “Palace.”
- 175 Montgomery 394.
- 176 Railton 22.
- 177 Epperly 36.
- 178 Rosenblatt 37.
- 179 Sugars 111.
- 180 Montgomery 231.
- 181 Rubio, “Subverting” 16.
- 182 Montgomery 325.
- 183 Montgomery 40.
- 184 Montgomery 325.
Austen, Jane. Northanger Abbey. From a 1818 edition. The Floating Press, 2009.
Birke, Dorothee. Writing the Reader: Configurations of a Cultural Practice in the English Novel. De Gruyter, 2016.
Blewett, Kelly. “‘An Unfortunate Lily Maid’: Transgressive Reading in Anne of Green Gables.” The Lion and the Unicorn, vol. 39, no. 3, 2015, pp. 275–93.
Brown, Gillian. “The Quixotic Fallacy.” Novel: A Forum on Fiction, vol. 32, no. 2, 1999, pp. 250–73.
Browning, Robert. “Evelyn Hope.” Lyrics of Life, Ticknor and Fields, 1917, pp. 62–64.
Cervantes, Miguel de. Don Quixote. Translated by Edith Grossman, Harper Collins, 2003.
Epperly, Elizabeth Rollins. The Fragrance of Sweet-Grass: L.M. Montgomery’s Heroines and the Pursuit of Romance. 1992. U of Toronto P, 2014.
Fernández-Morera, Darío. “Cervantes and the Aesthetics of Reception.” Comparative Literature Studies, vol. 18, no. 4, 1982, pp. 405–419.
Flaubert, Gustave. Madame Bovary. 1857. Penguin, 1995.
Fox, Soledad. Flaubert and Don Quijote: The Influence of Cervantes on Madame Bovary. Sussex Academic P, 2008.
Gammel, Irene. Looking for Anne: How Lucy Maud Montgomery Dreamed Up a Literary Classic. Key Porter, 2008.
---. “Wildwood Roses and Sunshine Girls: The Making of Anne of Green Gables as a Popular Romance.” 100 Years of Anne with an “e”: The Centennial Study of Anne of Green Gables, edited by Holly Blackford, U of Calgary P, 2009, pp. 1–21.
Gaylord, M.M. “Don Quixote’s New World of Language.” Cervantes: Bulletin of the Cervantes Society of America, vol. 27, no. 1, 2007, pp. 71–94.
Genette, Gerard. Paratexts: Thresholds of Interpretation. Cambridge UP, 1997.
Gubar, Marah. “‘Where Is the Boy?’: The Pleasures of Postponement in the Anne of Green Gables Series.” The Lion and the Unicorn, vol. 25, no. 1, Jan. 2001, pp. 47–69.
Haley, George. “The Narrator in Don Quijote: Maese Pedro’s Puppet Show.” MLN, vol. 80, no. 2, Mar. 1965, pp. 145–65.
Joyce, James. Ulysses. 1934. Random House, 1946.
Lanser, Susan Sniader. Fictions of Authority: Women Writers and Narrative Voice. Cornell UP, 1992.
Larubia-Prado, F. “Don Quijote as Performance: The Sierra Morena Adventure.” Revista canadiense de estudios hispánicos, vol. 33, no. 2, 2009, pp. 335–56.
Lennox, Charlotte. The Female Quixote, or the Adventures of Arabella. 1752. Oxford UP, 1970.
Martínez, Gustavo. “Don Quijote o la invención del lector.” Humanidades: Revista de la Universidad de Montevideo, vol. 5, no. 1, 2005, pp. 43–60.
McEwan, Ian. Atonement. Anchor, 2003.
Montgomery, L.M. The Annotated Anne of Green Gables, edited by Wendy E. Barry, Margaret Anne Doody, and Mary E. Doody Jones, Oxford UP, 1997.
Narbonne, André. “Carlylean Sentiment and the Platonic Triad in Anne of Green Gables.” American Review of Canadian Studies, vol. 44, no. 4, 2014, pp. 433–47.
Norvillo-Corvalán, Patricia. “Androgynous Desire: Flaubert, Joyce, Puig, and the Tradition of the Female Quixote.” The Modern Language Review, vol. 107, no. 1, 2012, pp. 1–19.
Oriel, Charles. “‘Yo sé quién soy’: How Don Quijote Does Things with Words (Part I, Chaps. 1-5).”Cervantes: Bulletin of the Cervantes Society of America, vol. 29, no. 1, 2009, pp. 57–83.
Phelan, James. “Authors, Resources, Audiences: Toward a Rhetorical Poetics of Narrative.” Style, vol. 52, no. 1–2, 2018, pp. 1–34.
Rabinowitz, Peter J. Before Reading: Narrative Conventions and the Politics of Interpretation. Cornell UP, 1987.
Railton, Stephen. Authorship and Audience: Literary Performance in the American Renaissance. Princeton UP, 1991.
Rosenblatt, Louise M. The Reader, the Text, the Poem: The Transactional Theory of the Literary Work. Southern Illinois UP, 1994.
Ross, Catherine Sheldrick. “Calling Back the Ghost of the Old-Time Heroine: Duncan, Montgomery, Atwood, Laurence, and Munro.” Studies in Canadian Literature, vol. 4, no. 1, 1979, https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/SCL/article/view/7907/8964In.
Rubio, Mary Henley. “Anne of Green Gables: The Architect of Adolescence.” Such a Simple Little Tale: Critical Responses to L.M. Montgomery’s Anne of Green Gables, edited by Mavis Reimer, The Children’s Literature Association and Scarecrow P, 1992, pp. 65–82.
---. Lucy Maud Montgomery: The Gift of Wings. Doubleday Canada, 2008.
---. “Subverting the Trite: L.M. Montgomery’s Room of Her Own.” Canadian Children’s Literature/Littérature canadienne pour la jeunesse, vol. 68, 1992, pp. 6–39.
Steffler, Margaret. "Anne in a ‘Globalized’ World: Nation, Nostalgia, and Postcolonial Perspectives of Home.” Anne’s World: A New Century of Anne of Green Gables, edited by Irene Gammel and Benjamin Lefebvre, U of Toronto P, 2010, pp. 150–65.
Sugars, Cynthia. “Matthew's School of Critics: Learning to Read Anne of Green Gables.” Anne Around the World: L.M. Montgomery and Her Classic, edited by Jane Ledwell and Jean Mitchell, McGill-Queens UP, 2013, pp. 106–19.
Tennyson, Alfred Lord. “The Palace of Art.” 1901. The Victorian Web http://www.victorianweb.org/authors/tennyson/palacetxt.html.
Walley-Beckett, Moira, creator. “Your Will Shall Decide Your Destiny.” Anne with an E, Pelican Ballet/Northwood Entertainment, 2017.
Waterston, Elizabeth Hillman. Kindling Spirit: L.M. Montgomery’s Anne of Green Gables. ECW Press, 1993. Canadian Fiction Studies 19.
Wilmshurst, Rea. “L.M. Montgomery’s Use of Quotation and Allusion in the ‘Anne’ Books.” Canadian Children’s Literature/Littérature canadienne pour la jeunesse, vol. 56, 1989, pp. 15–45. | <urn:uuid:b5eb2656-f89f-45ea-adde-b200edcbe0c6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://journaloflmmontgomerystudies.ca/reading/sellers | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573029.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817153027-20220817183027-00277.warc.gz | en | 0.925483 | 15,408 | 2.4375 | 2 |
A succulent blend of natural green tea with ripe mango bits and marigold petals to satisfy your tastebuds all year along.
1. HEALING & ANTISEPTIC PROPERTIES
2. IMPROVES BRAIN FUNCTION
3. CALMING PROPERTIES
4. RICH IN NUTRIENTS
5. HELPS LOWER BLOOD PRESSURE
1. HEALING & ANTISEPTIC PROPERTIES: Marigolds are used medicinally and are well known for their wound healing and antiseptic properties.
2. IMPROVES BRAIN FUNCTION: Green tea can reduce anxiety, boost memory and attention, and increase overall brain function.
3. CALMING PROPERTIES: Marigold tea is great to treat fevers and tummy aches. It’s also great for healing trauma and big stressors, since it’s super calming to the nervous system.
4. RICH IN NUTRIENTS: Mango is a great source of vitamins A and C and also contains folate, B6, iron and a little calcium, zinc and vitamin E.
5. HELPS LOWER BLOOD PRESSURE: Flavonoids in green tea can help prevent oxidation of LDL (bad) cholesterol and reduce blood clotting and also help lower blood pressure | <urn:uuid:859b5044-d870-4e3c-9437-a82c58d1693d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cbdstore.in/products/moksa-mango-marigold-green-tea | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571719.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812140019-20220812170019-00264.warc.gz | en | 0.836089 | 297 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Memorable Funeral Ceremony Creation
A funeral is a time to embrace the memory of a loved one in a supportive environment.
It is also one of the first important stages of grieving for the family. This experience
honors and celebrates the life of someone who has died while providing comfort for
those left behind. As both a spiritual director and celebrant, Jackie is present to your
pain and listens deeply to you through this process of preparing a memorable funeral
The possible services she can provide include:
- Providing support/coordinating a personalized service with a Funeral Director and/or clergy.
- Creating and officiating at a service based on personal memories that will reflect the personality and lifestyle of your loved one, including writing and delivering a eulogy.
- Creating and officiating at a service for a viewing, cremation, graveside committal and/or scattering.
- Creating a Video Tribute and DVD for the service and family members.
What happens at the funeral greatly affects how the bereaved go on to find meaning and purpose in their continued living.
~Alan D. Wolfelt, PH.D | <urn:uuid:68d22ae3-0181-41ec-8459-a14262f9e84f> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://kochfuneralhome.com/49/HGHH---Memorable-Funeral-Ceremony-Creation.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988722459.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183842-00344-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943599 | 234 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Collaborators: Brittany Fiore-Gartland (University of WA) with Charlotte Cabasse-Mazel (UC Berkeley) and Laura Norén (NYU)
Recent efforts to locate and legitimate data science in academia are changing the way universities and funders imagine the conditions of scientific knowledge production. Therefore, the creation of data science centers make visible imagined collaboration as a strategy for designing the physical and digital spatial conduits for the lived reality of data science work.
Our research explores how the imagined multiplex collaborative future for data science is materialized in the spaces and sites of data science, and thus entangled with a lived reality of data science practice. Ethnographic fieldwork forms the basis for grounded theory construction, and our framework examines the overlaps between imaginations of collaboration, design deployments in space and software, and the lived experience of doing data science work.
Our investigation is attentive to objects such as “water coolers”, “wormholes”, data repositories and white boards as well as the transformative impact of these scientific and spatial practices encouraged in this space. In particular, we will examine:
- The promotion of innovation through serendipitous encountering;
- The spatial impact of hacking, code pairing, data sharing, tool building;
- The expectation that sharing and transparency are beneficial;
- The power dynamics of visibility.
- Cabasse-Mazel, Charlotte, Fiore-Gartland, Brittany, & Noren, Laura. Building data science: Translating imagined collaborations into place. Society for Social Studies of Science (4S), Denver, CO (2015). | <urn:uuid:d8a54338-b53d-41fe-b6ea-a77de1af955f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://escience.washington.edu/research-project/the-spaces-of-data-science-collaboration/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.874649 | 335 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Amplify Black Voices
Below is an essay taken from my book “Amplify Black Voices”, published in the summer of 2020. Purchase copies at JacobLGraham.com
#BLACKLIVESMATTER is not about making white people, or anyone, feel ashamed of themselves. It is not about retribution. It is not about hand-outs, or reprioritizing which group of people in our society are the most important. It is about identifying systematic patterns of oppression that affect our communities disproportionately. White people do not have to say “White Lives Matter” or “All Lives Matter”, because everything in our society is constructed with white people in mind, by default. White people do not have to shout to be heard.
We are crying Black Lives Matter because when we say “equality”, people stop at the surface. Some look at our nation’s first mixed-race President, at wealthy Black celebrities, and see a flat playing field. “Think of how much progress we’ve made since the 60s!” they say. How much progress have we made when Black people, Black children even, are being killed on the street in alarming numbers, by the very people that pledge to protect everyone? How much progress have we made when Black women are still violently abused, and are woefully underrepresented and under-appreciated in our society? How much progress have we made when Black transgender individuals are so far off our radar, that even the LGBTQ community is largely blind to their struggles? The reality is that while we have indeed made progress, broad strokes will not solve our problems. Without a singular focus on the issues which affect the Black community, the racist rhetoric that plagues the United States cannot accurately be understood and eliminated. Nothing will change if people believe that ended with Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. We have to identify what specific parts of our culture are broken, or we will continue to miss the mark.
People look for a way to avoid taking action, a way to bask in their privilege and comfort. Instead of taking “equality” to heart, people start looking for excuses to shunt the burden of change back onto those who are oppressed, so that those in positions of privilege do not have to do the work themselves. They blame the victims, people in underfunded, underrepresented communities who “brought it on themselves” and “could get ahead if only they worked harder”. People of color end up being labeled as “lazy”, “uneducated”, and “thugs”. These are weasel words, infected with pernicious meanings, because it is no longer politically correct to outright call us “inferior”. Black victims of police shootings are portrayed by the news as inevitable criminals, while white convicted rapists are lauded for their athletic abilities, their education, their “potential”. Such is the insidious nature of social constructs surrounding race, they work in multiple directions, under multiple guises. “All Lives Matter” is a dangerous cop-out, an embodiment of white fear that minimizes the issue to its smallest and least actionable form. It ignores the history that brought us to this boiling point and it ignores the ingrained societal notions that keep us frozen in place. If we cannot have open conversations about the specific ways in which our culture in the United States targets Black people, then we cannot dismantle the institutions that continue to hold us down.
When I see and hear people shouting “All Lives Matter”, I do not see a fight for equality, I see deflection. People are dodging the issues so they do not have to confront their white privilege, their fear, and their shame. They fear that their undeserved privilege is slipping away while the Black community continues to stand up and fight, and they feel the shame that comes once you truly understand your own plentiful contributions to this nation’s problem of racial inequality. | <urn:uuid:44e4d289-0b7d-448c-a3b4-be722a633b1b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jlgraham.medium.com/amplify-black-voices-b1680c723a7?readmore=1&source=user_profile---------0------------------------------- | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.959824 | 824 | 2.015625 | 2 |
The sections of the WindFloat foundation for which Hempel is providing the test products are the permanently immersed areas, the splash zone and the above-water line areas. In addition to supplying coating systems, Hempel is also contributing to the project with technical support and advice.
The project is being carried out by the Materials and Coatings Laboratory (LMR) of LNEG (National Laboratory for Energy and Geology) in Portugal with the overall aim of testing and evaluating different corrosion protection systems for offshore steel structures. The performance of the anticorrosive coatings will be evaluated by exposure at the Agucadoura test site for a two-year period.
The WindFloat project is part of WindPlus, a joint venture headed by Energias de Portugal (EDP) with partners including Principle Power Inc (the developer of WindFloat) and Vestas, which has supplied the V80-2.0 MW wind turbine for the project.
The first WindFloat was successfully deployed off the coast of Agucadoura, Portugal, in December 2011. It is the first offshore wind deployment requiring no heavy lift equipment offshore. All assembly, installation and pre-commissioning of the wind turbine took place on land. | <urn:uuid:3228f482-7935-44d4-864f-9dd489db4c95> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.coatingsworld.com/issues/2012-02/view_paint-amp-coatings-manufacturer-news/hempel-to-supply-anti-corrosive-coatings-and-technical-support-for-the-windfloat-project/mpo-mag.com | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00544-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.934318 | 251 | 2.015625 | 2 |
DMOZ is the Internet’s largest human edited directory. But the giant is dead long time back. It is quite ridiculous to think why Google still gives so much importance to the DMOZ listing when it is filled with broken, duplicate and promotional links.
The multilingual open content directory owned by Netscape is maintained by a large community of volunteering editors. However, there have been huge delays and flaws in approving links. Some webmasters have tried for years in vain to have their genuine websites listed. Visit some DMOZ categories in random and you can find that almost half of the listed links are broken or contain some unprofessional disorganized sites. How can an editor approve these sites but not allow genuine professional sites even if the correct category is chosen? So does this mean:
- The volunteering editors give favoritism
- Some of the editors are also search engine experts who try to have his/her client websites alone listed.
- The editor can also reject a site if he/she finds the site to be their personal site competitor.
The above possibilities cannot be ruled out. Yes, there are a large number of editors who practice the ones above. Any webmaster would accept the claim.Reasons for DMOZ being dead include:
- A large number of broken links. Don’t editors check these old links in the categories they maintain?
- Multiple submissions. Thousands of websites have multiple listings on DMOZ when DMOZ guidelines clearly states one URL per domain. How did the editors approve? Do they not find out if it was already submitted before approving it?
- Large number of promotional sites with promotional words listed. Again, this is against DMOZ guidelines. How come these are approved by editors when we hear stories from webmasters that their genuine websites are not being approved for years?
- Editor selection is weird. Existing editors’ come up with weird reasons to reject your application for becoming an Open Directory editor. Interested volunteers have reported that they have been rejected even after following all the rules and guidelines. The rejection mail states no specific reason for rejection.
With internet technology growing in a fast phase, users demand updates every second. DMOZ is old and outdated and does not fit the new internet trend. DMOZ has been killed by slow and greedy editors. It is high time DMOZ goes for a paid editor strategy or a paid & reviewed listing like Yahoo. It is even funny to see Google still giving all the importance to DMOZ by having DMOZ database as the Google Directory.Rumors are that DMOZ might soon be sold to BOTW.org and made into a paid directory. Let’s wait and watch the things which will unfold. | <urn:uuid:4a828c57-528a-44c7-a700-b620a48e72d7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://seo-mind.com/directories/dmoz-is-dead.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572870.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817062258-20220817092258-00670.warc.gz | en | 0.947067 | 561 | 1.59375 | 2 |
ISLAMABAD. An avalanche swept a Pakistani army base on a Himalayan glacier close to India yesterday, burying more than 100 soldiers, a military spokesman said.
Rescue efforts are under way on the remote and frigid Siachen glacier, where thousands of Pakistani and Indian troops are based, he said.
Pakistani television channels reported that about 150 soldiers were trapped.
''At 6 o'clock this morning, this avalanche hit a headquarters,'' said the spokesman, Major-General Athar Abbas.
''Over 100 soldiers and personnel are trapped,'' he said.
Another official put the number at 130. Helicopters, sniffer dogs and troops were sent to the area to help with the rescue, according to a military statement.
The snow hit a battalion headquarters in the glacier's Gayari sector at 5.45 am local time.
Siachen is on the northern tip of the divided Kashmir region claimed by both India and Pakistan.
The neighbouring countries have deployed troops at elevations of up to 6700 metres there.
There have been intermittent skirmishes since 1984, and the region is known as the world's highest battlefield. More soldiers have died from the harsh weather there than in combat. | <urn:uuid:274dee98-41d1-48ab-aa37-80f4695535ec> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.theage.com.au/world/avalanche-buries-troops-20120407-1wi7f.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280900.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00006-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959193 | 250 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Farmers asked to watch for debris during plowing
February 18, 2003
SPACE CENTER, Houston -- As the days become weeks since Columbia's disintegration over Texas, fewer and fewer pieces of space shuttle wreckage are turning up, even though the calls keep coming in.
On Monday, NASA asked farmers and ranchers out West to be on the lookout during spring plowing for anything that might have fallen from the sky on Feb. 1. The plea came as a reported 1,300 state and federal personnel took part in search and recovery efforts in Texas and Louisiana.
"It's kind of a mixed thing. There's a tremendous amount of information available already, even though not everything directly points to a particular thing," said NASA's Steve Nesbitt, who is serving as the spokesman for the accident investigation board.
Nine of the 10 board members met Monday at their new headquarters in an office building just a mile from Johnson Space Center and planned to hold a news conference, their second, today. The 10th member, newly selected Sheila Widnall, a former secretary of the Air Force, will join the group later in the week.
So far, the investigation board has publicly put forward just one hypothesis: that a breach in the left wing likely allowed superheated gases to penetrate the spacecraft.
Paul Fischbeck, a Carnegie Mellon University engineering professor, said that hypothesis makes his own analysis "more and more likely." In a 1990 study and followup research, Fischbeck concluded that a space shuttle could fail catastrophically if during liftoff debris hit the vulnerable underside of its wings, near the landing-gear wheel wells.
Barely a minute into Columbia's flight on Jan. 16, a chunk of insulating foam broke off the external fuel tank and slammed into the bottom of the left wing.
The breach in Columbia could have been caused by a meteor or space debris, or the landing gear compartment door could have been blown open during atmospheric re-entry, Fischbeck said Monday. But the most likely scenario by far, he said, is that the foam damaged or knocked off thermal tiles, more tiles gave way during re-entry and those missing tiles led to a burn-through of the aluminum hull.
© 2006 • All Rights Reserved • Tampa Bay Times
490 First Avenue South St. Petersburg, FL 33701 727-893-8111
From the Times wire desk
From the AP | <urn:uuid:d11298cc-ffa9-4f4c-9abf-b85d158fc88e> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.sptimes.com/2003/02/18/Worldandnation/Farmers_asked_to_watc.shtml | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720845.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00087-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961628 | 498 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Savannah is the largest
city in, and the county seat of, Chatham County, in the U.S. state
of Georgia. The city of Savannah was established in 1733 and was the colonial
capital of the Province of Georgia and later the first state capital of
Each year Savannah attracts
millions of visitors, who enjoy the city's architecture and historic buildings:
the birthplace of Juliette Gordon Low (founder of the Girl Scouts of the
United States of America), the Telfair Academy of Arts and Sciences (one
of the South's first public museums), the First African Baptist Church
(one of the oldest African American Baptist congregations in the United
States), Temple Mickve Israel (the third-oldest synagogue in America),
and the Central of Georgia Railway roundhouse complex (the oldest standing
antebellum rail facility in America).
Today Savannah's downtown
area, which includes the Savannah Historic District, the Savannah Victorian
Historic District and 22 parklike squares, is one of the largest National
Historic Landmark Districts in the United States (designated by the U.S.
government in 1966). Savannah was the host city for the sailing competitions
during the 1996 Summer Olympics held in Atlanta, Georgia.
to Savannah, GA for an affordable beach/history vacation by
If dragging your kids to
one historical monument after the other is more of headache than a vacation,
you may want to head to Savannah, GA this summer.
Georgia's oldest city has
more than 200 years of history, but it also offers an easily accessible
and free beach that is a perfect break for kids of all ages.
It's an ideal beach/history
vacation. And, it can accommodate many family budgets, especially by staying
in a downtown vacation rental with off-season rates.
The beach, known as Tybee
Island, is located about 20 minutes from Savannah's famed Historic District.
And, unlike its neighbors to the North and South, it hasn't succumbed to
beach is open to the public and is enjoyed by both locals and tourists
alike. It has a few low-priced tourist attractions, like the Tybee Island
Light Station. This lighthouse was built in 1732, and is a treat for the
By following the river, you
can head directly into Savannah's well-known Historic District. This district,
a National Historic Landmark District, features architecture from the 18th
and 19th centuries and more than 20 exquisite squares.
These squares, or well manicured
parks, were created by General James E. Oglethorpe in 1733 and thereafter.
Their beauty has remained intact, and can provide a free walking tour of
For example, some squares
were named after Revolutionary war figures, like Pulaski Square. This square
honors Revolutionary War Hero Count Pulaski, who was the highest ranking
foreign soldier to die during the American Revolution. The square was created
During summer months, it's
advisable to walk the squares early in the day or later in the afternoon.
The summer sun can get quite hot, so you should use the afternoon for beach
You can make your trip more
affordable by staying in a vacation rental - or fully furnished home -
in the downtown Historic District. Many downtown vacation rentals offer
off-season rates for June, July and August (whereas beach vacation rentals
are at the height of their season). | <urn:uuid:c45bdaa1-72d5-4941-b7b2-bea3f9925ae9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.allworld-vacation.com/georgia-savannah-hotels.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00491-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945974 | 722 | 2.21875 | 2 |
A bolly good read
India tries a cheap and cheerful way of teaching people to read
MILLIONS of Indians watch Bollywood movies for the broken hearts, lost fortunes, dishy actors and catchy tunes. But beyond mere escapism, such fare may have a role to play in fighting illiteracy. Between 1991 and 2011 India’s official literacy rate rose from 52% to 74%. But about 400m of those counted as literate are only barely so. Bollywood, with its powerful pull among the least-educated, may help the many who can read only simple words.
Brij Kothari of PlanetRead, an NGO, believes that “same-language subtitling”—providing subtitles for the lyrics of catchy Bollywood songs—offers valuable reading practice. Fans keen to mimic their screen idols are drawn to the written versions as they scroll by. The repetitive verses offer a chance to practise more complex words. Children learn well when a ball bounces along the words on screen. Adults generally prefer the words to be highlighted as they are sung.
Mr Kothari says the idea came to him when he tried to improve his rudimentary Spanish by watching films in the language, and found himself wishing they came with Spanish subtitles. Students of Chinese will know how useful this can be. Since dialect-speaking viewers may struggle with spoken Mandarin but understand the written form, many films are subtitled in Chinese characters.
Since the mid-1990s, PlanetRead has subtitled songs in a range of Indian languages. Some are broadcast by Doordarshan, the state broadcaster, in a weekly hour-long programme. Two years ago Zee Talkies, the biggest private film channel in Maharashtra state (of which Bollywood’s home, Mumbai, is the capital) began subtitling songs in ten prime-time movies each week. Bollywood songs with subtitles are now estimated to reach 150m-200m Indian viewers each week.
A high proportion are women, 65% of whom in India are classified as literate even though many have poor reading skills. Bollywood’s allure among women helps overcome the difficulty of persuading those in rural areas to attend classes away from home. Among children, too, the effect is pronounced. A study by Nielsen, a research firm, found that only a quarter of Indian children become good readers at school. When exposed to just 30 minutes of subtitled film-songs a week, that proportion doubles.
This article appeared in the Asia section of the print edition under the headline "A bolly good read"
From the April 23rd 2015 edition
Discover stories from this section and more in the list of contentsExplore the edition
But the countries are not in an arms race—yet
Yoon Suk-yeol, a former top prosecutor, would like his powers back
The prime minister has vowed to hold a referendum on the topic within three years | <urn:uuid:d97404fe-efdc-472f-815c-623b205c0520> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.economist.com/asia/2015/04/25/a-bolly-good-read | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.95595 | 599 | 2.546875 | 3 |
August 6, 2013
Stanford undergraduate organizes bioengineering boot camp for high school students
High school students in a Stanford bioengineering boot camp tackled real-world projects, such as using sensors to ensure that surgeons don't accidentally leave pieces of gauze inside their patients. The camp was organized by a Stanford undergrad, Stephanie Young, who brought in expert help.
By Tom Abate
Flanked by 18-year-old Zoe Nuyens (left) and 17-year-old Justine Sun, Alex Lee, also 17, demonstrates a system for detecting surgical gauze that was designed by local high school students. The trio were among the 26 students attending a bioengineering boot camp at Stanford. (Photo: Steve Castillo / Stanford University)
Flanked by three teammates, 17-year-old Alex Lee bent over a worktable in the Product Realization Lab at Stanford to show how he and his fellow high school students had embedded a sensor into a strip of surgical gauze.
Demonstrating the device, Lee waved his smart phone over the "smart gauze" and elicited a beep – showing how the sensor in the gauze and detector in the phone worked together to enable surgical staff to locate non-metallic objects that could, if left behind, harm patients and prompt lawsuits.
"Surgical sponges are the most common item left behind in surgeries and they're very difficult to detect," said Lee, who was one of 26 participants in a free, six-week bioengineering boot camp for high school students organized by Stanford undergraduate Stephanie Young.
Young, a bioengineering student who grew up in San Mateo, Calif., said she got the idea for the boot camp last year after talking with a friend who had gone through a similar intensive summer program in the law.
"I wondered why we didn't have one of those for bioengineering," she said.
The idea simmered all year until the spring, when Young won the support of Norbert Pelc, chairman of the Department of Bioengineering.
"This is a discipline for the future and priming the pipeline with students is something we need to do," said Pelc, whose personal involvement in the boot camp allowed him to observe the high school attendees first-hand. "They're fearless," he said.
Young ran the program with help from her sister, Jacqueline Young, and Ken Xiong, '13, who received a bachelor's degree from the School of Engineering.
The program participants, who all attend Silicon Valley high schools, were nominated by their teachers or advisers. The boot camp consisted of six day-long sessions divided between classroom instruction and problem-solving exercises. Bioengineering department faculty served as guest lectures. Stanford graduate and undergraduate students mentored the high school teams.
"We were teaching them the same concepts we teach undergraduates and graduates," Young said. "They already had such high levels of knowledge. It was beyond anything we expected."
Young said the boot camp employed the learning-by-building approach honed by Stanford's Product Realization Lab, a teaching environment that offers design and prototyping facilities in support of student product creation. The high school students were presented with a series of real-world challenges and grouped into teams to devise solutions, which they then fashioned in the lab.
"We wanted them to come up not only with an idea but a rough prototype," Xiong said.
The notion of embedding sensors into gauze arose when Lee and his teammates took on the challenge of finding a way to ensure that surgical tools aren't left in patients. They focused on cotton gauze surgical sponges because they are more difficult to detect than metal fragments, which could be spotted by x-ray, for instance.
As the team brainstormed, Lee thought of using near field communication (NFC), the same technology that enables smart phones to swap information, wirelessly, over short distances. NFC systems shoot a radio beam against a passive target or tag. Team member Justine Sun, 17, said their research suggested that NFC tags could be produced cheaply and sewn into surgical gauze. Sixteen-year-old Supriya Sanjay explained how the team devised a way to sterilize these electronic parts without destroying them during the manufacturing process.
"The sensor is programmable," said team member Zoe Nuyens, an 18-year-old Menlo-Atherton High School graduate, explaining how this would allow surgical staff to number every piece of gauze and then account for each item after the operation.
Other teams took on similar challenges: finding an easier way to diagnose sleep apnea; designing a new drug delivery technology; reducing the wear-and-tear on knee and hip replacements to reduce the need for replacement surgery.
Becky DiMarco, a doctoral candidate in bioengineering, mentored five high school students, ages 15 to 18, who took on the wear-and-tear challenge. Watching them fashion their prototype in the Product Realization Lab, DiMarco said the students independently came up with several realistic possibilities based on their studies of the scientific literature. Their suggested fixes included achieving a better bond between the bone and the implant by layering in a synthetic form of the protein fibronectin, whose functions include promoting cell adhesion.
"That's one of the same things we're working on in our lab," said DiMarco, adding, "They are way ahead of where I was at that age."
The boot camp will culminate on Wednesday, Aug. 7, when each team of students will present its findings at a demonstration to be held from 2 to 5 p.m. in room 101 in the Li Ka Shing Center for Learning and Knowledge in the Stanford Medical Center complex. The demonstration is open to the public.
Reflecting on what he has seen this summer, Pelc said he was struck by how the high school students approached their assignments uninhibited by conventional notions of what was or wasn't possible.
"Sometimes they will run at full speed into a brick wall," he said, and then paused before adding, "but sometimes they may break through." | <urn:uuid:f6c22857-3c6d-411e-aadc-5414af47d15c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://news.stanford.edu/pr/2013/pr-bioengineering-boot-camp-080613.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.972718 | 1,267 | 2.59375 | 3 |
May 19, 2008
A Pioneer of Internet Commerce Sows New Seeds
By Brad Stone
Tributes on the Web site of Richard Gordon's company strike all of the uplifting chords one would expect of a digital maverick. He is described as a "trailblazing businessman" who is "operating in the front ranks of those transforming the Internet into the global marketplace of the future."There is an echo of truth in all of this. Though most Internet buffs have probably never heard of him, Gordon, 62, played a significant role in the birth of electronic commerce. While Amazon.com and eBay were still fledgling enterprises, the companies that Gordon founded in the early 1990s were already laying the groundwork for electronic transactions conducted with credit cards.
And if the Internet is for porn, perhaps it was only natural that many of Gordon's early clients were purveyors of X-rated entertainment. While riches were being minted and squandered in the dot-com '90s, Gordon made a fortune by taking a commission for processing sales on a range of sites from small, mainstream retailers to others like ClubLove, which published the Pamela Anderson-Tommy Lee sex tape.
Today, his payment processing company continues to have roots in the world of sexual entertainment. One of the several companies he owns or operates, Processing Solutions, facilitates credit card transactions for the Web sites of DTI, or Dial Talk International, according to current and former employees familiar with the arrangements. DTI is based on the Caribbean island of Curacao and runs, from Los Angeles, a vast and profitable network of explicit Web sites for the Japanese market.
As the Web has evolved since the early days of e-commerce, so has Gordon. Although he fashioned his early career around credit card transactions and helping Internet pornographers, he has more recently adopted an ecumenical approach to business as the shepherd for an altogether different endeavor: a Christian charity.
Until last week, Bold New World, his Web design firm based in Los Angeles, had a lucrative contract to design sites for the American Bible Society - the 192-year-old philanthropy based in New York whose mission is to make a Bible available to every person in the world.
Bold New World has also created the Web site for a charity called SPCA International, which fights animal abuse; it helps members of the armed forces bring dogs home from Iraq. That charity has been stirring controversy in the animal-rights world because it owns no animal shelter and is unaffiliated with older and more established societies for the prevention of cruelty to animals.
Although Gordon has yoked together disparate endeavors that support pornography, the Bible and prevention of animal abuse - all by marrying the universal purchasing power of credit cards to the respectability conveyed by slick Web sites - those familiar with his operations say his relationship with DTI remains the nexus of his enterprise.
There are no official numbers on the pornography industry. But those who have studied its operations view DTI as a pivotal player in the world of pornography. "DTI appears to rank in the top 1 percent of adult entertainment companies in the world," said M.J. McMahon, publisher of AVN Online, an Internet news site covering the industry.
Gordon's lawyer, Miles Woodlief, said that "neither Mr. Gordon nor his companies have involvement in" the pornography business. For his part, Gordon, in a brief e-mail message, describes his career in more elevated terms.
"I have been an inventor, creative genius and pioneer," he asserted in a statement sent by a spokesman. "I have worked with thousands of people around the world in the last 30 years, countless of whom, including legislators, governors, United States presidents, CEOs and self-made billionaires, all of whom I personally made aware of earlier mistakes, and would be happy to sing my praises."
More than a dozen current and former employees and business partners of Gordon say that whatever operations his business now encompasses, processing transactions for pornography sites has long been a central component. Some of them requested anonymity, worried that Gordon might sue them for speaking publicly about his operations. These people characterized DTI, which is owned and operated by Wataru Takahashi, a Japanese billionaire who has worked with Gordon on various enterprises for at least a decade, as one of the most lucrative and enduring clients for Gordon's business.
DTI is an amalgam of dozens of Web sites, offering paying customers everything from live video sessions with pornographic performers to sexually explicit manga cartoons. The sites bring in revenue of about $15 million a month, according to several current and former DTI employees who have knowledge of its finances. DTI produces the content for many of these sites in Los Angeles, then pipes the material to computer screens in Japan, which has strict laws on explicit performances.
Central to the sales and billing portion of DTI's business are services provided by Gordon's company.
"Gordon processes credit cards for every single Web site owned by Mr. Takahashi," said Alex Becker, a contractor who was an executive of Stickam, a social network based in Los Angeles. "Mr. Takahashi depends on Richard, and they always work together."
Stickam, a live video chat Web site aimed at teenagers, is financed and operated by DTI, according to Becker. Scott Flacks, a former senior executive of Stickam who left the company this spring, said that Gordon and Takahashi appeared to have a close relationship.
"There's a loyalty between the two that transcends business," he said.
One other employee who worked directly for DTI for several years said that Gordon had helped to set up accounts for DTI with at least two banks in the United States and one in Germany. The employee said Gordon's company received regular monthly payments from DTI for facilitating these relationships. He requested anonymity because he signed a DTI confidentiality agreement.
"Richard is the smoother," this person said. "He is the relationship between the banks and Takahashi for sure, although you are not going to find it anywhere on paper."
Originally published by The New York Times Media Group.
(c) 2008 International Herald Tribune. Provided by ProQuest Information and Learning. All rights Reserved. | <urn:uuid:7fc8846a-0cad-4cfc-80f0-96d0ca903c8f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.redorbit.com/news/technology/1391955/a_pioneer_of_internet_commerce_sows_new_seeds/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00232-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974542 | 1,274 | 1.5 | 2 |
Food and recreational water inspections
Learn from five agencies about their food and recreational water inspections, processes, and challenges.
Collection of standardized data from collection to storage can facilitate data sharing across agencies and jurisdictions. In 2019, CDC partnered with the Public Health Informatics Institute (PHII) to better understand how environmental health programs collect and share data.
Staff members from five agencies provided insight for possible recommendations on key practices for standardizing environmental health data. Environmental health programs can consider this information when creating or improving their processes. It may be beneficial for jurisdictions digitizing and standardizing their food and water inspection data to partner with a jurisdiction that is well advanced in this process. A larger environmental scan would more fully describe challenges faced by these programs and could lead to broad recommendations for programs and jurisdictions.
PHII surveyed personnel to assess business processes associated with their food and recreational water inspections.
3 state agencies
2 local agencies
- Southern Nevada
- Riverside County, California
All five agencies inspect both food and recreational water facilities.
Number of facilities: 1,100–36,000
Inspections per year: 1,600–80,000
Recreational Water Inspections
Number of facilities: 80–8,500
Inspections per year: 600–9,700
The public can access data from these inspections via a web portal, through a mobile application, or on request.
All five agencies use an electronic system to record inspection data.
Data collection is a mix of paper-based and field data. Inspectors enter inspection data for their jurisdictions.
Risk-based food inspections focus on the five risk factors for foodborne illness.
Poor personal hygiene
Food from unsafe sources
Improper holding time and temperature
Improper cooking temperatures or methods
Recreational water inspections focus on three areas.
Imminent health hazards
Internet issues, weather, and other challenges affect collection of electronic data in the field.
Poor connectivity and internet issues
Devices overheating in warmer months
Sunlight affecting screen visibility (outdoor recreational water inspections)
Other inspection challenges include the following:
Distance to travel to inspection
Lack of standardized process
Inspections in high-traffic areas
Quality and timeliness of data entry at office
Outdated point of contact
The COVID-19 pandemic brought unique challenges to EH programs.
Food and recreational water inspection challenges faced by key informants included the following:
Loss of revenue from inspection and violation fees
Enforcement of COVID-19 guidelines
Loss of staff
Difficulty capturing electronic signatures
Difficulty conducting inspections virtually
Changes causing additional guidance and training | <urn:uuid:f0958c17-97c2-44fd-9073-f95e51333bcc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/ehs/eh-practice/food-and-rec-water-inspections.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.907852 | 567 | 2.71875 | 3 |
BEIJING (Reuters) - The young Tibetan anointed by China as its Buddhist figurehead for the region said Tibet faces assaults on stability from an “unscrupulous” individual, in what appeared to be a thinly veiled denunciation of the Dalai Lama.
Panchen Lama Gyaltsen Norbu, who was given his high position in Tibetan Buddhism with Beijing’s approval, did not name the Dalai Lama, who is frequently denounced by China as a separatist but is still revered by most Tibetans as their spiritual leader.
But his strikingly forthright embrace of the ruling Communist Party in a speech on Friday appeared an unmistakable assault on the aging monk, who wielded both political and spiritual authority over Tibet until he fled to exile in 1959.
“I want to sincerely thank the Communist Party for giving me a pair of clear eyes, so I can tell right from wrong,” the Panchen Lama told a forum for Tibetan Serfs’ Emancipation Day, which will be marked for the first time on Saturday in an effort to promote China’s policies in the mountain region.
“I can clearly recognize who truly loves and protects the Tibetan people, and who for personal motives unscrupulously wrecks Tibet’s tranquility and stability,” added the 19-year-old, who looked visibly nervous before his speech.
The Panchen Lama, traditionally Tibet’s second-ranking spiritual leader, generally avoids direct public references to the Dalai Lama.
But other top leaders, including one of the Communist Party’s inner circle, were not so coy and roundly denounced the Dalai Lama, whose “clique” they blame for rioting that shook Lhasa last March and sparked a wave of protests across ethnic Tibetan areas.
China also accuses the Dalai Lama of presiding over a cruel, feudal society and resisting change.
Serfs’ Emancipation Day celebrates the end of that system, under which the majority of Tibetans were tied by inherited bonds to the estates of monasteries, nobles or government officials.
“The Dalai clique ignores people’s wishes. For a long time, they have been devoting themselves to separatist activities and (trying to) restore their past glory,” said Jia Qinglin, a member of the nine-man Politburo at the heart of the Communist Party.
The Dalai Lama rejects the accusations that he orchestrated rioting and the waves of protests that followed.
Many Tibetans outside China say the Dalai Lama’s government was launching its own, more sensitive, reforms and Beijing has exaggerated the cruelty of traditional society.
China has poured billions of dollars into modernizing Tibet but a dispute over the Panchen Lama has left a void that could prove destabilizing after the death of the Dalai Lama, now 73.
A five-year-old boy was chosen by the Dalai Lama as successor to the 10th Panchen Lama in 1995, but he has disappeared from public view since his selection became known.
China’s critics at the time called him the world’s youngest political prisoner. Beijing says he does not want publicity and has a normal life with his family.
Editing by Nick Macfie and Paul Tait
Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles. | <urn:uuid:453c60a4-0141-42c5-929f-1ea7f6f48c7b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-tibet-idUSTRE52Q18620090327 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.961737 | 684 | 2.09375 | 2 |
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
March 23, 2010
Contact: DMH Office of Public Affairs
Phone: (803) 898-8585
Orangeburg Schools Awarded $200,000 for Mental Health Services
Columbia, SC – Lake Marion High School, in Orangeburg school district three, and Bethune-Bowman High School, in Orangeburg school district five, have each placed a full-time mental health counselor on site as part of the South Carolina Department of Mental Health’s (SCDMH) Rural Mental Health Initiative. Each school received a grant of $100,000 to place the counselors.
Made possible by a grant from the BlueCross/Blue Shield of South Carolina Foundation, the Rural Health Initiative aims to expand the SCDMH’s school-based services into ten rural counties in South Carolina. The grants are a continuation of this statewide program, begun in 2007, to support mental health services in public schools in districts across South Carolina. The Foundation has awarded the SCDMH a total of $1,399,333 for this initiative, which currently comprises seven community mental health centers, 12 schools, and 12 school districts, with 290 children and their families receiving services.
DMH State Director John H. Magill said, “Because of the Initiative, students and their families in rural parts of our state are able to benefit from a range of services, including early intervention, classroom education groups, parent groups and workshops, and case management services.”
“Mental health services are underfunded in our schools,” said Harvey Galloway, executive director of BlueCross/BlueShield of SC Foundation. “We hope our grant helps raise awareness of the impact that untreated mental health disorders have on children’s development and well-being.”
The South Carolina Department of Mental Health serves approximately 102,000 citizens with mental illnesses, including 33,000 children and adolescents. The Department provides outpatient services through a network of seventeen community mental health centers and numerous clinics. It also operates four psychiatric hospitals, one community nursing care center, and three veterans’ nursing homes. | <urn:uuid:646cf871-ca99-47b8-b182-c797396fa4f0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.state.sc.us/dmh/newsrelease/2010_mar_23.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280587.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00562-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948281 | 436 | 1.71875 | 2 |
How to Get Rid of Brain Fog
Are you plagued by brain fog? If so, you’re not alone. Brain fog can affect everyone and you can do something about it. It is possible to change a few things. Here are some tips:
Chronic stress can cause brain fog and interfere with your ability to think clearly. Stress is a common affliction affecting people of all ages and from all walks of life. 70% of Americans experience some type of stress every year. The main culprits for this are money and work. The COVID-19 pandemic, coupled with increased pressure in our society, has only increased the overall burden of stress on our society.
This problem can be solved by getting more sleep. Brain fog can be caused by insufficient sleep. Sleep is essential for brain functioning. Aim for 7 to 9 hours sleep each night. Avoid drinking caffeine or alcohol a few hours prior to bedtime. You should keep all electronic devices out of your bedroom. Get to bed at the same hour every night. If you continue to struggle with brain fog, consult your doctor.
Anxiety is another common reason for brain fog. Anxiety interferes with our ability to think clearly. A thought clouding our ability to concentrate can be caused by anxiety, frustration and hopelessness. Brain fog can also be caused by stress and thyroid issues. High levels of estrogen can cause brain fog. Stress can also lead to problems sleeping and with hormone balance. Brain fog is also a possibility for those who have undergone COVID.
Cognitive disorders such as brain fog and chronic fatigue syndrome have been associated with sleep deprivation. While it does not necessarily cause memory loss, brain fog can be caused by chronic fatigue. This issue of the Harvard Health Letter offers free advice on healthy lifestyle habits, new developments in preventative medicine, and tips on reducing high blood pressure and cholesterol. Also, you’ll learn more about the latest research on the effects of stress on your health.
Brain fog is often caused by depression. Treatment for this condition usually includes prescribed medication as well as various therapies. A key component of treating depression is getting enough sleep at night. Insomnia robs your brain of time to regenerate, which has adverse effects on your brain function. This can have a negative impact on your overall health and well-being. Brain fog is caused by a lack of sleep, so seek treatment immediately if you are experiencing depression.
You must get enough rest to increase cognitive flexibility and sharpness. To function at its best, the brain requires specific nutrients. These nutrients include vitamins, amino acids, essential fatty acids, and complex carbohydrates. A diet rich in fruits and vegetables and high in healthy fats can improve your brain’s performance. If you’re still experiencing brain fog after implementing these lifestyle changes, consult your doctor for treatment options.
Lack of attention
Brain fog can cause a loss of focus and attention. It can be difficult to focus on work and completing your daily tasks, especially if you’re experiencing this problem at the workplace. While there is no immediate cure for lack of attention, you can improve your focus and cognition by doing a few simple things. Listed below are some tips to improve your focus and concentration.
Brain fog can be caused by COVID, a medical condition. It can be caused by inflammation or a variety of other causes. Consult a doctor if you feel your brain may not be functioning to its best. Brain fog is common among many different types of people, and can interfere with the ability to complete daily tasks. Your doctor may perform tests to check for inflammation markers and vitamin deficiencies. They may also ask you questions about your stress levels and mental state.
Brain fog can also be caused by autoimmune diseases, brain injury, or certain medications. Some of these can contribute to lack of attention, and a doctor can help you decide which treatment is best for you. You can also treat the condition with lifestyle changes. Your doctor can help you determine if your medication is affecting your ability to focus.
Vitamin B12 deficiency
You might experience brain fog, lightheadedness, fatigue, tingling fingers and hands, or other symptoms if you don’t get enough vitamin B12. You might also notice that you’re feeling depressed, have trouble concentrating, or just don’t feel like yourself. It is possible to get mouth sores which could indicate anaemia, or any other emergency.
If you don’t get enough vitamin B12, you may be suffering from pernicious anemia. A condition where the body doesn’t get enough vitamin B12 through food can be called pernicious anemia. This causes low blood sugar and brain damage. Doctors may prescribe large doses of B12 from food or regular injections to treat the condition. Talk to your doctor if you think you may be lacking in B12. The U.S. labs report levels of “normal” as being 450 pg/mL.
A lack of vitamin B12 can cause a variety of symptoms, from pale skin to mouth sores. You might also experience a beefy tongue and rapid heartbeat. These symptoms are not common for all B12 deficient people. These symptoms tend to develop slowly and not always at once. To determine how severe the problem is, a doctor may run an examination.
If you’re a vegetarian, you should make sure that you’re getting plenty of vitamin B12 in your diet. It’s essential for maintaining healthy nerves and brain cells. Vitamin B12 is an essential nutrient that the body cannot produce without. It’s therefore important to consume a wide variety of animal products that include this vital nutrient. Getting enough vitamin B12 may help you feel better.
Treatments for cancer
A medical oncologist has discovered the connection between cancer and brain fog. “Chemo brain,” she coined the term, is one result of this condition. Patients with breast cancer frequently complained of memory and concentration problems, and many of them believed that their cancer treatments were to blame. In fact, this is not always the case. Here are some cancer treatments for brain fog. (Skip to the end of the article to learn more about some of the possible treatments for brain fog.)
Brain fog can be caused by many cancer treatments. Even after you complete your treatment, you might find yourself experiencing problems with your memory and thinking. Cognitive rehab is available for those who are concerned about how this affects their daily lives. The doctor will be able to determine what is causing your brain fog, and recommend the best treatment. Brain fog can affect anyone, and talking to your doctor about the situation is a good first step.
Several cancer treatments may cause cognitive problems, including chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Some people experience mild cognitive problems after chemotherapy, while others experience more severe difficulties. However, the condition may also be caused by the cancer’s treatment, or by other factors such as inadequate nutrition, poor sleep, anxiety and depression. Brain fog symptoms may become worse over time. There are a number of available treatments to help patients cope with the symptoms of cancer.
One of the causes of brain fog is multi-tasking. According to a recent study conducted by Stanford University, people who multi-task often have difficulty organizing their thoughts, filtering out irrelevant information, and switching between tasks. Multi-tasking may reduce efficiency and productivity. Although it’s unclear why you feel this way about multitasking, it could have serious consequences for your mental or physical health.
One way to prevent brain fog is to stop multi-tasking. Multitasking can lead to a clutter mind, and lower levels of wellbeing. Studies have shown that people who frequently multitask are more likely to experience cognitive impairment than those who don’t. Researchers believed that multitasking caused cognitive impairment only temporarily. The new research suggests that multitasking can cause cognitive impairment in the same areas as those who concentrate better.
Multitasking is not only convenient, but it can also be detrimental to your brain. The way to fix this is to stop multi-tasking and focus on one task at a time. Multi-tasking is a problem. You should stop checking your phones and focus instead on the task at hand. You can use a time-shuffling method if you are unable to concentrate. | <urn:uuid:05e3463c-4e78-4a44-947a-41e3bbcbcff8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.miraclesfilm.com/brain-fog/can-too-much-sleep-cause-brain-fog/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.946452 | 1,720 | 2.234375 | 2 |
Biochem student question.
David E. Konerding
dakone at uclink.berkeley.edu
Fri Oct 11 23:35:29 EST 2002
In article <85160b48.0210111046.5168712a at posting.google.com>, Saco wrote:
> "Alex Becket" <abecket at cinci.rr.com> wrote in message news:<hgsp9.63746$Cz.8026438 at twister.neo.rr.com>...
>> I am a biochemistry student at the University of Cincinnati. I am doing a
>> study of the relative hydrophobicities of amino acid side chains. My
>> question is: does a larger surface area available to water increase or
>> decrease an amino acid's hydrophobicity? For example, tryptophan has a
>> larger surface area available to water than phenylalanine, yet phenylalanine
>> is more hydrophobic (unless using long chain alcohols as the nonpolar
Polarity. A polar side chain will clearly have a much smaller
hydrophobicity than a nonpolar side chain of the same surface area.
Hydrophobicity is due to the cost of ordering waters at the surface of the
amino acid (which waters must due to minimize their interaction energy).
If you have a polar surface, the water isn't forced to order itself as
much because it can interact happily with the side chain, and thus has
a higher entropy.
More information about the Proteins | <urn:uuid:79597556-57a7-4a56-8d10-6e7d1f0afde5> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.bio.net/bionet/mm/proteins/2002-October/010684.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718426.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00137-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.884952 | 338 | 2.46875 | 2 |
The Tennessee Historical Society is proud to present the new on-line version of The Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture,the first comprehensive reference work of its kind produced for the great state of Tennessee. We thank the University of Tennessee Press for the opportunity to offer this reference work with their partnership.
The work before you is based upon the original print version of the encyclopedia, which was published by the Tennessee Historical Society in 1998, after more than five years of planning and production. In the past two years spent preparing this electronic edition, original entries were updated, new entries researched and written, and many additional illustration materials were added. We will also add fresh information and new entries to this on-line version on a regular basis.
The Tennessee Encyclopedia’s official genesis occurred on January 25, 1993, at the first working session of the Tennessee Bicentennial Commission. The education committee of the commission encouraged the Tennessee Historical Society to undertake an encyclopedia project as a bicentennial legacy, and we are especially grateful to chairman Martha Ingram and commission members Wilma Dykeman Stokely, John M. Jones, Virginia Clarke Vaughan, and Secretary of State Riley C. Darnell for their early moral support. Following this meeting in early 1993, the board of directors and staff of the Tennessee Historical Society began planning for production of The Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture, conducting a feasibility study, consulting with the few other state encyclopedia projects then underway, and projecting costs and time tables.
The board of directors of the Tennessee Historical Society fully committed to the project in 1994, and the first major partner to join our effort was the State of Tennessee. A generous matching grant provided by the Tennessee General Assembly through the Tennessee Historical Commission (THC) for fiscal years 1995 through 1998 enabled the Tennessee Historical Society to proceed with financial arrangements for the encyclopedia. THC chairmen Robert E. Corlew and Ward Dewitt, Jr., and other members of the commission served among the reviewers of our plans; THC executive director Herbert L. Harper and his staff were also of great help. Another important partner to the project came on board when Rutledge Hill Press and its president Lawrence M. Stone lent their publishing and distribution expertise to the project. A third major piece fell in place when Middle Tennessee State University and its Center for Historic Preservation agreed to provide us assistance with editorial staff and office support for the print edition at their campus in Murfeesboro. The Tennessee Historical Society is especially appreciative of the support of James K. Huhta and Robert B. Jones in making this possible. Tennessee Historical Society presidents John Hardcastle and Dan E. Pomeroy provided vision and led funding efforts for the first edition of The Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture with the assistance of vice presidents Ophelia T. Paine and Patricia Brake Howard and board members Douglas Henry, Elizabeth Queener, Walter T. Durham, and Mary Anne Harwell, among others. The generous donors to the encyclopedia are listed elsewhere, but we wish to thank here the Frist Foundations and the Dantzler Bond Ansley Foundation for their sponsorships. We are grateful too for the early commitment of the Pilot Corporation, the Maclellan Foundation, and Benwood Foundation, who shared the Society’s vision for this work from its earliest days. Through the help of our partners, sponsors, and contributors, the Tennessee Historical Society has been able to provide free copies of the print version of the encyclopedia to each of the 2,000 libraries and public schools in Tennessee.
There are many aspects of the first edition of The Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture that could not have succeeded without a dedicated staff. Carroll Van West, as Editor-in-Chief, has given boundless energy, knowledge, and direction to the project. Only others who have undertaken such work will understand what an extraordinary accomplishment he and his editorial staff achieved between September 1995 and January 1998 — producing from scratch a 3,200 page manuscript with more than 1,500 entrees and over 550 authors in twenty-nine months. The Tennessee Historical Society also thanks the editorial staff members of the print edition, Connie L. Lester, Susan L. Gordon, Margaret Duncan Binnicker, and Anne-Leslie Owens for their heroic adherence to our ambitious timetable. And at the bedrock of the project –financial management and record-keeping — Melinda P. Clary kept everything related to the encyclopedia in good order in addition to her other duties, for which we are very grateful. During the course of the project which produced the print version, approximately 1,000 individuals provided their time, knowledge, expertise, talent, and money to make The Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture possible. They served on planning committees, used an ocean of publications for research, reviewed entry lists, wrote essays, searched for images, and kept the project rolling to publication.
The print version of The Tennessee Encyclopedia appeared in 1998, only the third state encyclopedia to appear in the nation. Scholarly reviewers gave the book high marks for the quality of its research and the breadth of its topics, while the popular press provided kudos for a highly readable, fascinating reference work on the Volunteer State. Then in 2000, Jennifer Siler, director of the University of Tennessee Press, asked the Tennessee Historical Society if we would be interested in providing an on-line version of the work.
The board and staff of the society, under the leadership of presidents Jack May and Bill Morelli, leapt at the opportunity to place so much information on Tennessee at the fingertips of Internet users. Although a fee-based site was originally discussed, the Tennessee Historical Society and the University of Tennessee Press both thought a free site, open to all, would best fulfill our missions to broaden the public’s knowledge on our state’s history and culture. We are pleased that we are indeed able to offer this site as a free service to you, the user.
The staff of the society and press spent 2000-2002 planning the functions and uses of this site, incorporating the original 1,500 plus entries and adding new topics. Original editor-in-chief Van West continued in that role, again heroically updating older entries and selecting new ones. Tennessee Historical Society staff member Kelly Wilkerson spent hundreds of hours searching out new illustration material, including video and audio selections, for the on-line version. At launch, approximately 500 entries include illustrations, and additional illustrations will be added in regular updates in the future. As of September 2002, illustrations from over 125 collections and individuals are represented in the on-line edition.
On the electronic side, the staff of the University of Tennessee Press shared with us the steep learning curve of creating an on-line encyclopedia. Robb Clevenger, along with Brian Waller and Cheryl Carrington, performed digital magic in converting the print edition to a cyberspace tool. Stan Ivester and Hugh Davis worked for months to prepare the text for conversion to a database format. Shara Johnson handled much of the editorial clean-up as the manuscript was updated. And Jennifer Siler, director of the University of Tennessee Press, has been involved in so many aspects, she definitely earned the “on-line editor” title on the staff page.
We at the Tennessee Historical Society, and the folks at the University of Tennessee Press, are proud to now present the first illustrated, comprehensive, on-line state encyclopedia in the country. Without exaggerating the matter, The Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture, in both print and on-line versions, has been written by and for the people of Tennessee and those who love her. This work encapsulates how we see ourselves at the end of the twentieth century, and we trust it will provide useful guideposts for our course into the twenty-first century.
Tennessee Historical Society | <urn:uuid:0f2d1864-b747-435c-b6d7-afe3e1399ebb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tnency.utk.tennessee.edu/foreword/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.929403 | 1,585 | 2.046875 | 2 |
By Kersten Knipp
While Iran continues to make progress enriching uranium, nuclear diplomacy seems to be stalled. Experts say the ball is clearly in the West’s court.
Iran may now be capable of producing enough weapons-grade uranium for a single nuclear warhead within just a month. That’s according to US experts who were quoted in The New York Times last Wednesday after reviewing classified new data from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
The experts weren’t permitted to speak in an official capacity, but told the newspaper off the record they think Iran could have the necessary materials to arm a warhead in the foreseeable future. But they think it will be some time before Tehran will have a deployable nuclear device.
The NYT also cited a study that was published a few days earlier by the Institute for Science and International Security (ISIS) in Washington. It contends that because of Iran’s “race to 60% uranium enrichment over the summer” it may now be able to produce a second batch of weapons-grade uranium in less than three months, and a third batch in less than five months.
Weapons-grade uranium is defined as having an enrichment level of 90%, meaning that it consists of 90% of the fissile isotope uranium-235. According to the latest IAEA report, Iran now has about 10 kilograms (22 pounds) of uranium at 60% enrichment and about 84 kilograms at 20%. Under the 2015 nuclear agreement, it is allowed to enrich uranium only to a maximum level of 3.67%.
ISIS’s calculations have proven to be for the most part accurate, says political scientist Oliver Meier from the Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy at Hamburg University. “In this respect, it is quite possible that Iran now has enough fissile material and centrifuges to fuel a nuclear warhead within one to two months. But that does not mean it is already nuclear weapons capable. It takes much more than that.”
“There are no indications so far that Iran has resumed its military nuclear program, which it stopped about 15 years ago,” he told DW. “Presumably, Iran currently wants above all to increase its negotiating leverage and put more pressure on the Europeans and Americans.”
Meanwhile, Iran has announced that Abbas Araghchi will no longer be its chief negotiator at the IAEA talks in Vienna on reviving the nuclear deal. He will remain as part of the negotiating delegation, but only in an advisory capacity. Replacing him is Ali Bagheri, a hard-liner and a close confidant of Iran’s new president, Ebrahim Raisi. Bagheri, who is known in the West for his intransigent positions, will also replace Araghchi as deputy foreign minister.
The personnel change is part of a general reshuffling at the Iranian Foreign Ministry, according to political scientist Hamidreza Azizi from the Berlin-based German Institute for International and Security Affairs. He says that although swapping out a deputy minister is quite normal when there are changes at the top, the choice of the hard-liner Bagheri could indicate a new confrontational course. “Overall, however, the switch is a bureaucratic matter and should not necessarily be seen as a change in Iran’s nuclear policy,” Azizi told DW.
Last weekend, during a visit to Tehran by IAEA director general Rafael Grossi, Iran’s leaders said they would permit international inspectors to install new memory cards in surveillance cameras at relevant nuclear sites. This marked at least a partial end to a months-long blockade of IAEA monitoring activities and indicates that Iran still wants to pursue diplomacy, Azizi said.
But he thinks the country’s leaders have hardened their stance on a number of critical issues, including Tehran’s demand for guarantees that the United States not withdraw once again from the agreement.
So what will be the next chapter look like? It is important that the talks be resumed as quickly as possible, says Oliver Meier. The West needs to push for this, he thinks. “But it is also clear that it was the US that first violated the agreement and Iran responded to it. For this reason, it would be appropriate to send a clear signal that there is a readiness to lift all of the sanctions that were imposed under Trump.” Generally speaking, he says, concrete commitments should be made toward Iran to make it clear that the benefits of returning to the deal outweigh those of any further violation on its part.
According to Hamidreza Azizi, Iran still seems interested in an agreement. But the experience of the last three years seems to have taught Tehran to be more assertive and less flexible. “I think an agreement is still possible”, he said. “But the road in that direction is quite bumpy.”
This article was translated from German. | <urn:uuid:ef1024f1-c877-49a9-8e46-a7bee63bf74b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://theprophecy.blog/2021/09/23/the-iranian-horn-enriches-uranium-as-the-west-watches-on-daniel-8/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.966185 | 1,021 | 2.125 | 2 |
With his debut nearly two centuries ago, Dr. Frankenstein's monster captured the popular imagination and never let go, haunting even those who have never read this classic of horror fiction. This specially adapted children's edition retains all of the excitement of the original version yet makes the enduring Gothic fable accessible to youngsters.
The brilliant scientist Dr. Victor Frankenstein indulges his curiosity about the hidden laws of nature when he happens upon the secret to the animation of lifeless matter. Piecing together the detritus of butcher shops and dissecting rooms, the doctor fashions an eight-foot-tall creature whose loathsome appearance fills even his creator with repulsion. Abandoned by his maker, rejected with fear and disgust by everyone he encounters, the enraged and embittered monster goes on a murderous rampage, determined to destroy Frankenstein by striking at those closest to him.
Since its 1817 publication, this incredible and imaginative fantasy has held generations of readers spellbound. This new, specially abridged edition, enhanced with illustrations by Thea Kliros, will satisfy young readers' appetites for gripping suspense and ghoulish thrills.
Original abridgment of a standard edition.
|Availability||Usually ships in 24 to 48 hours|
|Grade level||3 - 8 (ages 8 - 14)|
|Dimensions||5 3/16 x 8 1/4| | <urn:uuid:cdfcd130-e195-410a-8bd1-807074103a58> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://store.doverpublications.com/0486299309.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720845.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00086-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.886793 | 280 | 2.03125 | 2 |
In this free Word Tips tutorial, you'll get the Word help you need to create professional, polished documents.
Find tips for using Microsoft Word.
In Word modifying page numbers can be tricky if you're unsure what to do. Use this lesson to understand modifying page numbers in Word.
In Word table of contents pages are helpful if your document is large. When creating a table of contents Word has some helpful features.
In Word bibliography features are available to make the process simpler. Also in Word works cited features are available. Learn about them here.
Changing your default settings in Word is simple. Use this Word default settings lesson to ensure your settings stay where you want them.
Creating forms in Word is simpler than you may think. Use this Word forms lesson to create professional forms that people will notice.
When using Word Format Painter options are available. Also, when using PowerPoint Format Painter is available to make presentations stand out.
This free lesson offers printing tips for Word. Use these Word printing tips to ensure your documents look polished every time.
This article covers useful free resources for learning Office for Mac. | <urn:uuid:9d48f06f-4d47-4ded-a1bd-56803269a869> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.gcflearnfree.org/word-tips/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280763.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00523-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.835856 | 227 | 2.34375 | 2 |
RECRUITMENT - RESERVE SQUADRONS
Air Force Reserve SquadronsThese squadrons (previously Air Force Reserve Squadrons, Volunteer Air Squadrons, or Commando Squadrons), fulfill an increasingly important role as the SAAF's capabilities are mainly being restricted by a lack of pilots and other technical personnel (Ad Astra, vol 17, no 8). These squadrons supplement the role of the light transport squadrons of the SAAF, thus allowing the SAAF to use additional pilots and aircraft at a reduced cost.
Members of these squadrons come from all walks of life, performing a diverse range of tasks. Some of these taks are performed over weekends, while most of their training is done over weekends as well. Each squadron is unique because the members have particular knowledge of the area of responsibility in which they operate. This local knowledge is very important when operating with the police in crime-prevention operations. Smaller and slower aircraft are generally used for reconnaissance, border patrol and police work, while higher performance aircraft undertake VIP transport roles.
The aircrew qualifications for joining the Air Force Reserve Squadrons is a minimum of a private pilots licence (PPL) with an instrument (IF) rating and in excess of 500 hours. However, it was decided in 2003 that the 500 hours of flying time be reduced to 200 hours, after which a recruit had to be co-piloted for a further 300 hours to make up the 500 hours. An additional requirement is that every member must either own their own aircraft or have access to one.
Volunteers who meet the criteria may be required to undertake some form of basic military training if they have no military background. All prospective pilots have to undergo a wings test with a Category A-1 SAAF instructor in order to determine a minimum level of flying proficiency.
Those pilots who pass this test are awarded their wings at the same wings parade as regular SAAF trainees at the CFS.
Of the nine squadrons spread around the country, three are coastal squadrons, two central and the remaining four are spread around Gauteng and the Northern Province.
||The main area of responsibility is Mpumalanga Province, mainly involved in crime prevention.||AFB Hoedspruit|
|102 Squadron||Area of responsibility is from north of Polokwane (Pietersburg) to the Limpopo River. The squadron has been extensively utilised for recce flights on the border between the RSA, Zimbabwe and Botswana.||AFB Makhado|
|104 Squadron||This squadron is utilised as a VIP/IP transport squadron, as well as doing recce flights in the Gauteng area.||AFB Waterkloof|
|105 Squadron||Main operations include coastal recce flights, command and control and telstar in crime prevention operations in co-operation with the police and Army.||AFS Durban|
|106 Squadron||Members of this squadron are spread over a wide area and assist the police in operations in the Free State.||AFB Bloemspruit|
|107 Squadron||Members of this squadron are spread over a wide area and assist the police in operations in the Northern Cape.||Kimberley (Under control of AFB Bloemspruit)|
|108 Squadron||Main operations include coastal recce flights, command and control and telstar in crime prevention operations in co-operation with the police and Army.||AFB Port Elizabeth|
|110 Squadron||Main operations include VIP transport, coastal recce flights, command and control and telstar in crime prevention operations in co-operation with the police and Army.||AFB Ysterplaat|
|111 Squadron||This squadron is utilised as a VIP/IP transport squadron, as well as doing recce flights in the Gauteng area.||AFB Waterkloof|
Staff Officer Air Force Reserve Squadrons (SO AFRS)
Telephone: (012) 312 2507
Fax: (012) 312 2020 | <urn:uuid:d96ed60d-c97f-4426-83ee-ad14b2ea0e6f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.saairforce.co.za/recruitment/reservesqn | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00548-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.944508 | 831 | 1.796875 | 2 |
Three quarters of companies (75%) have fallen victim to a fraud incident in the past year, a rise of 14 percentage points in just three years, according to Kroll.
The findings reveal the biggest fraud threat to companies comes from within. Of those companies where fraud occurred and the perpetrator was identified, four in five (81%) suffered at the hands of at least one insider, up from 72% in the previous survey.
More than one in three victims (36%) experienced fraud at the hands of a member of their own senior or middle management, 45% at the hands of a junior employee, and for 23%, the fraud resulted from the conduct of an agent or intermediary.
Similarly, among companies that experienced information/data loss, theft or attack over the past 12 months, the most common cause was employee malfeasance, involved in 45% of incidents, with vendor/supplier malfeasance involved in 29% of incidents. By comparison, only a small minority involved an attack by an external hacker on the company itself (2%) or on a vendor/supplier (7%).
One in three (33%) executives responding to the survey cite high staff turnover as the main driver of increased exposure to fraud. This is more than twice as many who named the next highest driver of vulnerability to fraud, greater outsourcing (16%).
“One of the most telling results from this year’s report is how vulnerable to fraud companies are feeling. In one form or another, the specter of fraud arises in virtually every business relationship. What our report drives home is that fraud is often an “inside job” and that companies must address both internal and external relationships if they are to most effectively protect their money, property and private data,” said Daniel Karson, Chairman, Kroll.
Overall, 69% of businesses suffered a financial loss as a result of fraud, up from 64% in the previous survey. Theft of physical assets was the most common fraud experienced (22%), followed by vendor, supplier or procurement fraud (17%) and information theft (15%).
Increase in vulnerability to fraud
Four in five respondents (80%) believe their organizations have become more vulnerable to fraud in the past year. Executives expressed particular concern around areas such as cyber risks, with more than half of respondents (51%) believing they are highly or moderately vulnerable to information theft. This increased awareness level has led to growth in the number of companies proactively looking after their information security requirements, with two-thirds (67%) reporting that they regularly conduct data and IT infrastructure assessments. A majority of respondents report they have an up-to-date information security incident response plan (60%) and have tested it in the past six months (59%).
The globalization of businesses increases fraud risk
In a global marketplace where many international businesses have thousands of companies in their supply chain, risks become more difficult to identify and keep under control. Executives say their companies are particularly at risk of threats such as vendor, supplier or procurement fraud, with half of respondents (49%) feeling highly or moderately vulnerable to this type of incident.
Some 40% of respondents felt highly or moderately vulnerable to corruption and bribery, another type of fraud that has the propensity to increase as companies expand geographically into new territories.
Indeed, in the past year, 72% of companies were dissuaded from operating in a particular country or region because of the heightened exposure it would bring to fraud. Latin America (cited by 27% of all respondents) was the region which saw most businesses turn away, but the other perennial region of concern, Africa, was not far behind (22%).
Whistleblowers: key defense against insider fraud
In the past year, a whistleblower was at least partially responsible for exposing 41% of cases of fraud that were uncovered. This is well ahead of the next two most frequent sources of discovery, external audits (31%) or internal audits (25%).
The findings show that anti-fraud efforts can have an impact on the threat from within. Of those firms hit by fraud where the perpetrator was known, only 20% of those with management controls in place suffered at the hands of a senior or middle manager, compared to 31% of firms without such controls.
In an environment where insiders are the source of the problem, other employees who observe or become aware of what fraudsters are doing are the company’s strongest defense.
Daniel Karson observed: “While technology has enabled new ways to perpetrate fraud, our daily work with clients confirms what the report also reveals — that old fashioned theft, bribery and kickbacks are still amazingly effective and pervasive. Human nature being what it is, fraud will always be with us, whether it occurs in a company’s corner office or a world away in its supply chain. However, there are numerous strategies, resources and best practices available to companies that can go a long way toward helping them protect themselves and their investments.” | <urn:uuid:a89b9b2c-c3d3-4701-9e2a-42629567a285> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.helpnetsecurity.com/2015/11/24/75-of-companies-experienced-a-fraud-incident-in-the-past-year/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00069.warc.gz | en | 0.967553 | 1,012 | 1.796875 | 2 |
U.S. Congressman Keith Ellison visited PSTL 1366: Stories of Self and Community, Multicultural Perspectives on July 7, 2014, where TRiO Upward Bound students, student athletes, and other University students had the opportunity to hear the Congressman speak. This summer, under the instruction of Ezra Hyland, the class is reading the Congressman’s book, My Country Tis of Thee, where he recounts his background, his professional career, the social injustices we see in our country, and how that can change. In his discussion with students, Congressman Ellison covered a number of topics including identifying the traits of a good leader, student athletes unionizing, and most notably the impact TRiO has had on improving college attendance and graduation rates for low-income communities. Ellison succinctly reinforced the discussion with a quote he wrote on the white board: “If you want to change something, you need to do something.” Congressmen Ellison urged the students to become involved and vocal in their communities. | <urn:uuid:411a6cef-56f7-4c10-8ccc-6d6a8628be55> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://news.cehd.umn.edu/ellison-shares-inspiration-and-insights-with-trio-upward-bound-students/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.972455 | 208 | 1.710938 | 2 |
Hot on the heels of Philips Lighting’s victory in the L Prize 60W category, our industry is abuzz about another LED replacement bulb. Lighting Science Group announced last week that it would be introducing a 60W equivalent omnidirectional LED A19 bulb to the market that will retail under $15 — roughly less than half the price of most viable contenders currently in that space.
Part of the company’s Definity line, the bulb will be produced jointly with Indian electronics manufacturer Dixon Technologies and rolled out first to that country at the end of this year. Using just 8.5W and producing a lumen equivalent to a 60W incandescent, the bulb aims to provide an affordable way to offset India’s less-than-reliable power grid, especially with a peak load electricity deficit expected to increase more than 15 percent in the near term.
Lighting Science Group plans to introduce the bulb worldwide in the first quarter next year, including a U.S. launch. Price is understandably the biggest factor in broad stateside consumer acceptance of LED lighting technology, so this is a significant development. In an interview coming up in our September issue, Jean Paul Freyssinier of the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute even tells us that the public at large cares far more about how much LED bulbs cost than how long they last, and would tolerate a significant tradeoff to get them priced right.
The good news is, with this new Definity bulb, there’s no such tradeoff. While the useful lifetime won’t be nailed down until Lighting Facts testing is completed (anticipated by January 2012), Lighting Science Group is confident it will last between 25,000 and 35,000 hours. The bad news is: The CRI is 70, far below the minimum 80 CRI required by Energy Star for its rated CFLs and in another league entirely relative to Philips’ L Prize winner at 90-plus.
The available color temperatures have yet to be determined, as does the ultimate price — how far below $15 will it be? I don’t think many consumers will tolerate a 70 CRI bulb at $14, but they may at $4, depending on the application, of course. What scares me about an inexpensive LED bulb is that it has the potential to convince masses of people that they don’t like LED lighting right out of the gate if it under-delivers in order to hit a price point. We saw it happen with poor-quality CFLs, exacerbated by fluorescent’s existing image problem as an institutional light source. At least Lighting Science Group is reputable, with other products from the same line living up to Energy Star’s stringent performance standards . But having legitimate product in that price range could actually confuse consumers, who are notoriously brand agnostic when it comes to lighting. All the more reason why education — ours and theirs — continues to be key. | <urn:uuid:b53a05a9-d9b1-4b19-93dd-b79b270dad85> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.residentiallighting.com/print/2451 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719453.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00230-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943884 | 608 | 1.984375 | 2 |
Overprocessed cotton at the gin costs farmers a lot of money.
More than half the nation's cotton needs less than one complete stage of lint cleaning. Until now it got one or two stages of lint cleaning in a series, anyway, reducing turnout as much as 30 lbs/bale.
But a new lint cleaning technology developed at the USDA-ARS Cotton Ginning Research Unit in Stoneville, MS, could change that - and fast.
Standard saw-type lint cleaners have five to eight grid bars. This patented modified lint cleaner controls the number of grid bars - or cleaning points - so that ginners can decide to use as few as one if the cotton is clean. If it's dirty, all eight could be used.
Existing lint cleaners could be modified with the new technology. Continental Eagle is testing it.
The equipment worked well in two years of tests at Servico Gin, Courtland, AL. Farmers gained about $15/bale in 1998 USDA tests at Servico. Preliminary results from '99 tests show equal or greater savings.
"It gives us the ability to bypass all but one of the five grid bars on our lint cleaners," says Bobby Greene, Servico president.
The modified lint cleaner could also be used with the new process-control ginning, the IntelliGin, also developed at USDA's Stoneville gin lab and now marketed by Zellweger Uster.
"It will work without process control, but it's a flat piece of cake if you've got IntelliGin," says Stanley Anthony, USDA ag engineer and director of the Stoneville gin lab. "Then a computer makes the decision. Right now we've got people using one, two and three stages of lint cleaning based upon experience and history. But now we can make the same type of decision based on whether to use part of a lint cleaner or all of one."
Count that as one more step toward revolutionizing ginning.
"By knowing the quality coming out of the gin stand, the ginner will know whether to use one grid bar of the lint cleaner or eight in order to optimize income for the farmer," says Anthony. "And if you've got the camera technology, the IntelliGin, you can put it in automatic."
The 1998 tests impressed Anthony. "Those farmers at Courtland made money with it. They ginned with two grid bars on one lint cleaner. This new lint cleaner also gets the grades needed by the farmer and reduces fiber damage. Textile mills are also excited about their findings."
Incorporating modified lint cleaners should improve the IntelliGin system as well as standard gins. "Even in process-control ginning using the IntelliGin, where we control drying and use one lint cleaner, many times the cotton gets too clean to meet market grades. So we're still overprocessing it. We're kicking out material that's good fiber," Anthony says.
"Now with the combination of the modified lint cleaner and the IntelliGin, we have the technology to produce much higher-quality fiber at greater profits for the farmer," he says.
He thinks the system will be available for the 2000 season. | <urn:uuid:63465b9a-0e89-446d-a5f4-54c7f3599c7e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.cornandsoybeandigest.com/modified-lint-cleaner-saves-cotton | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00503-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949583 | 673 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Infrastructure protectionGAO: critical infrastructure operators need more coherent regulations
A recent Government Accountability Office (GAO) report found that the bulk of U.S. critical infrastructure is inadequately protected as operators lack a coherent set of guidelines
A recent Government Accountability Office (GAO) report foundthat the bulk of U.S. critical infrastructure is inadequately protected as operators lack a coherent set of guidelines.
In recent years, the government has passed a spate of cybersecurity regulations for certain critical infrastructure sectors, but many industries have been left largely unregulated and vulnerable as a result.
With the majority of critical infrastructure owned and operated by the private sector, security has been scattershot and inconsistent across industries.
“Entities operating under a federal regulatory environment are required to adhere to cybersecurity standards to meet their regulatory requirements or face enforcement mechanisms,” the report said. “Entities not subject to regulation do not face such enforcement mechanisms, but may voluntarily implement cybersecurity guidance.”
In particular, without clear and applicable guidelines available, operators face challenges in finding the right security standards.
“Given the plethora of guidance available, individual entities within the sectors may be challenged in identifying the guidance that is most applicable and effective in improving their security posture,” GAO said.
The report concluded that a better understanding of available guidance on industry standards and best practices could help both the federal government and the private sector coordinate critical infrastructure security measures in relation to cybersecurity.
In response to the GAO report, Representative Bennie G. Thompson (D – Mississippi), one of the study’s requestors, called on DHS to assess what cybersecurity guidance should be included in private sector critical infrastructure protection plans.
“On a positive note, this report shows that cybersecurity compliance guidance is readily promoted and disseminated,” Thompson said. “However, in the future we should ensure that this guidance is included in DHS-required Critical Infrastructure sector planning documents. This practice would be common sense and security focused.” | <urn:uuid:98416be2-a5f3-49e2-95b4-2289192794bb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.homelandsecuritynewswire.com/dr20120123-gao-critical-infrastructure-operators-need-more-coherent-regulations | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00219-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.924531 | 411 | 1.65625 | 2 |
scroll to top
Stuck on your essay?
Get ideas from this essay and see how your work stacks up
Word Count: 673
THIS REPORT WAS TAKEN FROM THIS SITE AND THEN REFINED TO USE FOR AN ENGLISH 3 PERSUASIVE PARAGRAPH-Means New Paragraph it is 8 paragraphs and 3 pages long-Do you enjoy going to school at 7 in the morning Are you fully awake and think you can handle lifes many daily challenges to the fullest of your ability I think not -We at Raymore Peculiar High School need more sleep In order to fulfill this task the school day would have to start at a later time Everyone would benefit from these changes Teachers would get off our backs about being grouchy and not doing well on tests because we do not remember anything Students would be less irritable in class and they would also be more attentive to teachers little fun lectures because their heads will not be in their books literally-Many teenage high school students are tired during the school day distracting them from their studies Which is one of the many good reasons in which the starting time of school should be later in the day Some people may say that the brain not being fully functional until around 930 is just a matter of belief however we upperclassmen have come to the conclusion that our counterpart also know as underclassmen brains are never quite fully functional -Studies have suggested that the average adolescent brain does not even start to fully function until around 930 am Many schools already use the suggested later arrival time so their students can be ready to learn when they arrive at school Another thing that everyone knows or remembers about high school is all of the homework that needs to be done for next class Plus projects that are due persuasive essays such as this particular assignment that need written and the time you need to be a teenager called socialization or a time to kick it and chill Most students even have so much work that
@Kibin is a lifesaver for my essay right now!!
- Sandra Slivka, student @ UC Berkeley
Wow, this is the best essay help I've ever received!
- Camvu Pham, student @ U of M
If I'd known about @Kibin in college, I would have gotten much more sleep
- Jen Soust, alumni @ UCLA | <urn:uuid:24def29f-4b5f-48f1-87fc-f74fea72020c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.kibin.com/essay-examples/schools-lessons-shouldnt-start-earlier-than-at-930-am-3gVvyy5u | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00036-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976184 | 473 | 1.703125 | 2 |
What we don’t always consider is the fact that there are things we can do to improve our mental health, such as recognizing and treating the symptoms of depression and anxiety. The best psychiatrist in Lahore can help you through this difficult process so you can lead a happy, healthy life again! The best psychiatrist can help you manage your anxiety or depression through psychotherapy, also known as “talk therapy.” Talk therapy is a process that helps people understand their emotions and problems better so they can gain control over them.
Types of Mental Illness
There are many different types of mental illness, but there are two types of mental illness that affect most people: depression and anxiety. Depression is a mental illness that affects the mood and behavior of an individual. Depression symptoms include sadness, loss of interest in activities or hobbies, changes in appetite or weight, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, difficulty concentrating, insomnia or excessive sleepiness, thoughts of suicide or suicide attempts, restlessness, and irritability. Anxiety disorders are just as common as depression. Anxiety symptoms can include fear or worry about harmless things to irrational fear and panic about everyday situations. People with anxiety may be fearful when meeting new people or going places they have never been before. They may feel nervous being around family members who have caused them to harm in the past. Additionally, anxious people tend to complain excessively over minor physical symptoms such as headaches, stomach upsets, and muscle aches. It is therefore a high time to consider visiting the best psychiatrist in Lahore.
The Truth about Mental Illness
Mental illness is not always easy to talk about. Despite this, it’s important that we all know the truth about mental illness. 1 in 5 adults has a mental health condition in any given year, but there are things you can do to lower that number. Sometimes people with mental health conditions don’t get the help they need because of stigma or misconceptions about what it really means. When you think about your own life, ask yourself if you ever felt distressed or hopeless for more than two weeks? If so, talk to someone you trust about what’s going on. Not only are there things you can do to lower your risk of developing a mental health condition, but also there are things you can do to heal and lead a happy life with the help of the best psychiatrist in Lahore. Recognizing the Signs and Symptoms If you answered yes, to any of those questions, it is better to know what signs and symptoms to look for. If left untreated, mental health conditions can worsen over time. The brain and body work together much likes a system with many parts that need to function well in order for you to be healthy and mentally strong. However, just as we eat healthy foods and take care of our bodies physically, we must also consider how we treat our brains physically and emotionally. Just as there are things we can do proactively, such as eating right and exercising daily, there are steps we can take proactively when it comes to mental health.
Things to consider
What is the best way to get help? There are many reliable resources that can guide you in finding the right type of professional mental healthcare services. If you feel like something is wrong, it is important that you seek help through your primary care physician or talk to someone who can help, such as a teacher, family member, friend, counselor, or coach. The sooner someone gets treatment for depression and anxiety disorders, the better their chances are for recovery, and early intervention may prevent these conditions from worsening over time. And just like it’s worth our while to invest in good food and exercise habits in order to live long healthy lives physically, we must also take care of our brains by managing stress levels and seeking support when needed. By getting help early, you may find it easier to lower your risk of developing a mental health condition. This can be done by seeking treatment and staying connected with others through social events or clubs that interest you. Finding the Best Psychiatrist in Lahore Finding a doctor can take some time, but once found, it is important that you feel comfortable opening up to them about what’s going on in your life and how you’re feeling each day. Your doctor should provide support as well as make sure they are checking in with you from time to time. The truth is not everyone likes their primary care doctor for various reasons, whether it’s because they don’t have enough patience or seem too busy. In order to find the best psychiatrist, it is important that you have a list of questions to ask when it comes to finding a doctor. This ensures you find the best psychiatrist who can help with your condition and whom you feel comfortable talking to about what’s going on in your life.
We hope this blog post has helped you to learn more about mental illness, and what it looks like. If you are struggling with any of these symptoms or have a loved one who is exhibiting them, please reach out for help today. The best way to get the care that your family needs, are by speaking up. Your doctor can work with you on medication options during an initial appointment if needed, along with referrals for therapy sessions. You don’t need to suffer in silence anymore- find the Best psychiatrist in Lahore who will listen and give support as soon as possible. There’s always hope when asking for help from a trained professional!
How To Find The Right Skin Specialist In Lahore? | <urn:uuid:f4557ad1-5bab-4f25-a5dc-c865e4f4e291> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nawazpanda.com/types-of-mental-illness-the-best-psychiatrist-in-lahore/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.96882 | 1,125 | 2.390625 | 2 |
Evaluate effectiveness of Rhizoctonia control in sugarbeets
Growers should evaluate effectiveness of their Rhizoctonia control program in sugarbeets during late August or early September.
In Michigan, Rhizoctonia root and crown rot is the most prevalent root disease in sugarbeet production. This disease in significant quantities will reduce tonnage, sugar content and can affect pile storage. Implementing the proper control management strategy can pay great dividends. Generally, late August or early September is an excellent time to evaluate potential yield, quality and income losses from this disease. New strategies may need to be implemented for next year if assessment shows an economic loss.
Michigan State University Extension Sugarbeet Advancement would recommend that every sugarbeet field be evaluated for potential Rhizoctonia impact. This can easily be implemented by randomly flagging 100 foot of row in at least six locations in each field. Count dead and dying beets in each location. Dead beet carcasses are easy to determine and often leave holes in the ground. Dying beets are normally very yellow with roots either partially or completely covered with rot. These plants normally can be wiggled in the soil or can be easily kick out of the ground. Often beets can have some Rhizoctonia spots on the roots and appear to have normal foliar appearance. Visually detecting those plants is nearly impossible and should not be included in the counts.
The average amount of dead or dying beets should be determined from all locations. Refer to Table 1 to determine potential impact of Rhizoctonia in each field. This chart was developed by Jim Stewart, Research Agronomist from Michigan Sugar Company, combining both Michigan Sugar small trial data and Sugarbeet Advancement field trials. Multiple years, locations and varieties were combined to formulate this data. The Rhizoctonia level and impact is only an estimate and can vary depending on variety tolerance, population and growing season.
Table 1. Influence of Rhizoctonia root rot on sugarbeet yield, quality and grower income
It is very important to recognize the Rhizoctonia resistance of the variety that is being evaluated. If there is even a ‘noticeable’ amount in a field with a resistant variety, then it may end up a big problem with a susceptible ‘high yielding variety’. In the 2013 Sugarbeet Advancement Variety Trials, the Rhizoctonia dead beet counts for the hottest varieties were around ten times higher than the most resistant varieties. This would give an indication of what Rhizoctonia levels could be if a grower switched to a susceptible variety without altering their management plan.
Conversely, some of the nematode varieties provide high yields. It may be better to have nematode tolerance and give up some yield to Rhizoctonia. Nematode infested fields with a history of Rhizoctonia often do best with a nematode tolerant variety and two Quadris applications. Refer to the REACh Variety Trial Results to determine variety resistance.
If the disease impact is greater than desired, then next year’s management plan may need to be altered. This may include applying Quadris either in-furrow or foliar, if you are not applying Quadris already. Consider a two spray system which includes in-furrow and a 6 to 8 leaf application. Over time, this option has given the most consistent and positive results. Switching to a more tolerant Rhizoctonia variety in combination with a Quadris spray program will give very good results, particularly under heavy disease pressure. Select varieties carefully as some of the most tolerant varieties may lack genetically in yield and quality or nematode tolerance. | <urn:uuid:28a430a3-d0ef-4802-a01c-e9b8ba2fe96e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://msue.anr.msu.edu/news/evaluate_effectiveness_of_rhizoctonia_control_in_sugarbeets | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00499-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.92933 | 757 | 3 | 3 |
MECHAM, GEORGE FREDERICK, naval officer and explorer; b. 1828 in Cove of Cork (Cobh, Republic of Ireland); d. 17 Feb. 1858 in Honolulu (Hawaii).
George Frederick Mecham entered the Royal Navy on 1 Sept. 1841 and after serving aboard various vessels attained the rank of acting lieutenant on 8 March 1849. On 5 March 1850 he was appointed third lieutenant of the barque Assistance. Under Captain Erasmus Ommanney, it was one of the four vessels assigned to the command of Captain Horatio Thomas Austin*. His expedition was instructed to proceed to the Arctic in search of the Erebus and Terror, commanded by Sir John Franklin* and missing since 1845. The Assistance, in the company of the barque Resolute and the two screw steamers Pioneer and Intrepid, sailed from London on 3 May 1850 and reached Beechey Island (N.W.T.) in Barrow Strait by the end of August, where the first traces of Franklin’s 1845–46 winter quarters were found. At this time an unusual concentration of effort brought together in the vicinity of Wellington Channel a total of 11 vessels, from the five separate search expeditions under Austin, Sir John Ross, Captain Edwin Jesse De Haven*, William Penny*, and Commander Charles Codrington Forsyth. Austin’s four vessels then continued westward in Barrow Strait and were beset by ice off the northeast coast of Griffith Island, where winter quarters were established. In October, Mecham travelled east by sledge, laying depots for further sledge operations the following spring, and came upon Ross’s and Penny’s winter station at Assistance Harbour (Bay) on Cornwallis Island. During the winter months Mecham contributed articles to the Illustrated Arctic News and Aurora Borealis, two periodicals produced aboard the vessels, and acted in various presentations of the Royal Arctic Theatre. These activities, and others, such as fancy dress balls, were designed to relieve the tedium of the Arctic winter.
Under the direction of Lieutenant Francis Leopold McClintock*, a number of sledge parties were organized in the spring of 1851 to search to the north, south, and west of the expedition’s position in Barrow Strait. Two of these were conducted by Mecham. Setting out first on 15 April in company with another sledge under Captain Ommanney, Mecham and a crew of six men travelled as far south as Russell Island and the northern extremity of Prince of Wales Island before returning to the Assistance on 14 May, having covered a distance of 236 miles. On 27 May he took another party, once again heading south, and made a circuit of Russell Island; after mapping 75 miles of new shoreline he returned to the vessels on 19 June. When the ships were released from the ice on 8 August the expedition returned to England without having added any new information to the search for Franklin beyond what had been learned at Beechey Island in the summer of 1850. None the less, the sledging operations conducted during this voyage, which in total involved 103 men in 14 sledges and covered some 7,000 miles, had helped chart much previously unknown territory.
In 1852 the same four vessels were again commissioned by the Admiralty to search for Franklin, along with a fifth, the supply ship North Star [see William John Samuel Pullen*], and on 14 February Mecham was appointed first lieutenant of the Resolute under Captain Henry Kellett*. The expedition was commanded by Sir Edward Belcher* and left London on 15 April. Having arrived at Beechey Island, it separated into two divisions on 15 August; Kellett continued westward into Barrow Strait with the Resolute and Intrepid while Belcher took the Assistance and Pioneer north into Wellington, Channel. The North Star was stationed at Beechey Island to serve as a supply depot. By mid September the western division was in winter quarters at Dealy Island, off the southern coast of Melville Island, and sledge parties were sent out to lay supplies for operations in the spring. Leaving on 21 September, Mecham crossed Dundas Peninsula on Melville Island to Liddon Gulf where a depot was secured. During the return trip he stopped at Winter Harbour and found a dispatch left the previous spring by Lieutenant Robert John Le Mesurier McClure*, indicating the position of his ship, the Investigator, beset by ice at Mercy Bay, Banks Land (Island), since autumn 1851. Thanks to this fortuitous discovery, the crew of the trapped Investigator was later rescued and taken aboard the Resolute [see Bedford Clapperton Trevelyan Pim*].
The following spring Mecham set out, on 4 April 1853, across Melville Island to Cape Russell with a sledge party accompanied by a support sledge under George Strong Nares, mate aboard the Resolute. On 3 May, after they had reached Eglinton Island, Nares returned to Dealy Island and Mecham continued on alone, exploring the southern and western coasts of Prince Patrick Island. At the sight of the pack-ice to the west he concluded that Franklin could not have gone in that direction. He then crossed the interior of Prince Patrick Island and, tracing the north shore of Eglinton Island, made his way back to the ships, where he arrived on 6 July. In 94 days, Mecham had travelled 1,006 miles and charted 680 miles of previously unknown shoreline.
The summer of 1853 being short and late in coming, the Resolute and the Intrepid were unable to rendezvous with the rest of the expedition at Beechey Island, and were forced to winter in Barrow Strait. In February 1854 Belcher ordered Kellett to abandon his ships and proceed to Beechey Island. Before executing these instructions, Kellett sent out three sledge parties: one under Lieutenant Richard Vesey Hamilton with reports for Belcher on the condition of the ships, and two others to the west, under the command of Mecham and Frederick J. Krabbé, master of the Intrepid. On 3 April, Mecham set out with orders to search in the vicinity of Prince of Wales Strait for signs of the Enterprise [see Sir Richard Collinson*], the vessel which had accompanied the Investigator from Bering Strait. In company with Krabbé’s sledge he proceeded to Russell Point and from there continued alone down Prince of Wales Strait to the Princess Royal Islands (Amundsen Gulf). Here he found documents deposited by the Enterprise in the summer of 1852 indicating that the vessel had left the area, proceeding south and east. On the return journey Mecham stopped at Dealy Island on 27 May; there he found orders to head directly to the North Star at Beechey Island, the Resolute and Intrepid having been abandoned. In 152 travelling hours Mecham covered the distance to Beechey Island, where he arrived on 12 June. The complete sledge journey of 70 days remains one of the most impressive on record; averaging 19 miles a day the party covered a total of 1,336 miles.
Having ordered the abandonment of the Resolute, Intrepid, Assistance, and Pioneer, and taken under his charge the crew of the Investigator, Belcher decided to turn back to England. With the 263 men from these five vessels crammed aboard the North Star and two supply ships, the expedition arrived safely on 28 Sept. 1854. Mecham was one of the many officers of this group promoted upon its return, being raised to the rank of commander on 21 October. In 1855 he was assigned to the command of the steam vessel Salamander, stationed at Portsmouth, and two years later was transferred to the command of another steam vessel, the Vixen, for duty in the Pacific. While serving aboard this vessel Mecham was taken ill with bronchitis and suddenly, at the age of 30, died on 17 Feb. 1858.
As well as being an excellent navigator and seaman, Mecham was physically large and strong, and endowed with a warmth of personality which won him the admiration of his fellow officers and subordinates. In the field of Arctic exploration, he was, next to McClintock, probably the most skilful sledge operator and the extent of his travels during his two expeditions stands out as a notable achievement. In the Arctic two landmarks of note bear his name: Cape Mecham on the southern extremity of Prince Patrick Island and Mecham Island between Russell and Prince of Wales islands.
Arctic miscellanies; a souvenir of the late polar search; by the officers and seamen of the expedition (2nd ed., London, 1852). Edward Belcher, The last of the Arctic voyages . . . in search of Sir John Franklin, during the years 1852–53–54 . . . (2v., London, 1855). G.B., Parl., Command paper, 1852, 50, [no.1436]: 329–58, 548–58, Additional papers relative to the Arctic expedition . . . ; House of Commons paper, 1851, 33, no.54: 13, A return of all admirals, vice, rear, and retired, captains, commanders, and lieutenants in the Royal Navy, promoted on and since the 1st day of January 1848 . . . ; 1854–55, 35, no.1898: 537–39, 489–97, 499–539, 689–706, Further papers relative to the recent Arctic expeditions in search of Sir John Franklin. . . . Sherard Osborn, Stray leaves from an Arctic journal; or, eighteen months in the polar regions, in search of Sir John Franklin’s expedition, in the years 1850–51 (London, 1852). Papers and despatches relating to the Arctic searching expeditions of 1850–51–52 . . . , ed. James Mangles (2nd ed., London, 1852). Illustrated Arctic News, 14 March 1851. Cooke and Holland, Exploration of northern Canada. G.B., Adm., Navy list, 1848: 204; 1849: 254; 1851: 260; 1854: 282; 1858: 304. C. R. Markham, The Arctic navy list; or, a century of Arctic & Antarctic officers, 1773–1873; together with a list of officers of the 1875 expedition and of their services (London, 1875); Life of Admiral Sir Leopold McClintock (London, 1909). Colburn’s United Service Magazine (London), 25 (December 1854): 623; 26 (December 1855): 628; 27 (October 1856): 320; 28 (February 1857): 140. R. I. Murchison, “Address to the Royal Geographical Society of London; delivered at the university meeting on the 23rd May, 1859,” Royal Geographical Soc., Journal (London), 29 (1859): cxxxiii–iv. | <urn:uuid:86bd2208-20a8-4588-b887-02d52866acbe> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/mecham_george_frederick_8E.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281649.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00443-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95478 | 2,286 | 2.671875 | 3 |
A single Portal can provide coverage of a modern single story home up to 3,000 ft2. However, there are a number of things that can reduce your coverage.
- Height: Try to place your Portal at least 4 ft high to avoid having the radio signals blocked by furniture.
- Wall construction: Stucco, tile, plaster, cement, and brick construction can greatly reduce the radio signal strength. If possible, your Portal should be placed to minimize the number of walls that the radio signals will need to pass through.
- Multi-story homes: Flooring material (carpet, tile, hardwood) are more difficult for radio signals to penetrate. This will shorten the distance they can travel. Placing the Portal close to the stairwell can greatly improve the signal strength on other floors.
If your home is larger than 3,000ft2, multi-story, or built with heavy internal walls, you might need to use additional Portals and create a mesh network to improve coverage.
The closer you are to a router, the stronger your signal will be. A mesh network is placing several routers around your home so that your devices have a stronger signal wherever they may be located. These routers still appear and act as a single router on your network. All of the routers share a single network name (SSID) and will self-optimize so that the router with the strongest signal will talk to the WiFi device.
Portal supports all WiFi devices (IEEE 802.11/a/b/g/n/ac). The additional 5GHz channels (known as DFS channels) are available to almost all WiFi devices meeting the 802.11ac standard or able to operate at 5GHz. A continually updated list of client devices with any issues using these channels can be found at: https://support.portalwifi.com/hc/en-us/articles/230886168-List-of-devices-for-compatibility-mode
This list also contains the compatibility settings for Portal that ensure all 5GHz devices work to the best of their abilities.
No, Portal needs to connect to a modem. The modem provides the connection from your ISP’s broadband service (Cable, DSL, satellite, or fiber). Portal attaches to the modem using an Ethernet cable from the modem’s Ethernet LAN port to the WAN port on Portal.
This type of combined WiFi router/modem is also known as a gateway. Portal needs to have its WAN port connected to any of the LAN ports in your ISP’s gateway. However, both Portal and the gateway will now provide router services to the network, such as firewall and local IP address translation. This can cause some issues, so these router services need to be disabled either in the gateway or in Portal. Placing either the gateway or Portal into “bridge mode” also known as “access point mode”, disables these router services.
To place Portal into “bridge mode”, go to the Advanced Settings in the Portal mobile app, and enable it with the slider. Portal will automatically configure itself to avoid interfering with your existing WiFi network’s assigned channels.
If you wish to keep your existing gateway’s WiFi network you can. However, if you lease your gateway from your ISP, you might want to contact them to request that they disable the gateway’s WiFi so that you can avoid the leasing charges.
Setup and Configuration
Portal is configured by using the Portal WiFi mobile app, or by accessing Portal through a web browser.
The mobile app has an interactive step-by-step setup and configuration to simplify the process. It also includes built-in help features if things turn out to be not so simple. By using the mobile app, Portal will pair with your mobile device over Bluetooth to give it secure ownership of your network.
Here is a video that shows how this is done: https://youtu.be/5anHHpfW8K8
Any web browser can also be used by accessing Portal directly at its default IP address of 192.168.8.1 or by entering myportalwifi.com as the URL. To do this you must first connect to your Portal using the unique default SSID and password that is printed on the bottom of the Portal. The default admin password is “password” and should be changed once your Portal’s configuration has been personalized. Here is a video that shows how this is done: https://youtu.be/r8lNoeIvtz4
The iOS mobile app supports iOS version 8.0 and later. The Android mobile app supports Android version 5.0 and later. The mobile device will need to have WiFi and Bluetooth to be able to perform secure pairing with your Portal.
Set up the first Portal completely to ensure that it automatically updates to the most current firmware. The second Portal connects to the first with an Ethernet cable from the LAN port of the first Portal to the WAN port of the second. This ensures that both have identical versions of the software and identical configurations. After the second Portal LED turns green simply unplug it and move it to the part of your home where you desire better signal strength.
Here is a link to a video that shows this in more detail: https://youtu.be/5anHHpfW8K8
There is a small hole in the back of Portal that is labeled reset. If the reset button is pressed and held for more that 5 seconds, a system reset will occur. You’ll need a paper clip or toothpick to press the button. This causes the Portal to return to the last factory updated image. All state and configuration information (including SSID and passwords) will be returned to their original defaults. If the reset button is press for less than 5 seconds, a power on reset will return the Portal to its power on state without changing any of its configuration information.
Each Portal is assigned an individual SSID and password, which is printed on the label under your Portal. By default the admin password is “password”.
You’ve unboxed your Portal and want to pair a mobile device or connect to your modem, click here to find all the Portal setup essentials.
If you would like to use multiple Portal’s in a mesh network or create a VPN, click here to find advanced configurations. | <urn:uuid:aec441d0-3975-4946-8f60-14a44058a29f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://portalwifi.com/support | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00068.warc.gz | en | 0.911663 | 1,332 | 1.8125 | 2 |
Aware that she and at least two other friends of mine feed their dogs nothing but raw meat, I knew where this was headed. So, instead of trying to justify lazy behavior, I fessed up to being a fairly anthropomorphic type, and admitted: we feed them dog food from a bag. It is pretty top-notch, y'know for food from a bag, but it is full of grains, not the meat that carnivorous dogs are born to eat. And I really am an anthropomorphic type. Everything else being equal, I would a save a human before a dog. But.... I want to do the best for the dogs and, after a whole bunch of research, I came to a basic conclusion:
It's pretty simple; we would be much nicer to our dogs if we fed them what nature intended.
So, we did some *more* research and, today, we made the leap. Let me introduce you to the players in this game. This is Lydia, age 11, a staff-terrier/lab mix:
This is Holly, a seven-year-old purebred golden retriever:
And this is trouble, er, Ruby -- a.k.a., The Big Rubowski, Rubella, The Rubonic Plague.... She is some sort of hound, age 1. She was billed as a "yellow lab." She is not a yellow lab; she is a hound. She could smell a microscopic drop of blood on an asteroid several hundred thousand light years away. Her nose is unreal; she is a hound. We adopted her last year when she was found, only a few weeks old, with her siblings, in a box by the side of the road in Mississippi:
She isn't *really* trouble, or not much. But she is more than twice as active than the other two combined and she has absolutely no stay-at-home sense. She has been hit by a van, with no noticeable long-term damage; although it is certainly clear post-accident that she will not be attending MIT. Previously, we had high hopes.
This is a chicken:
The idea of this diet is to turn the chicken loose in the yard, and let 'em at it. So we did....
You didn't really believe that last part, did you?
The deal is this: they get *all* their nutrients from the meat, raw. So you have to include bones, organs, fat, skin, etc. The smart people on the interwebs tell me that a mix of 80/10/10 meat/organs/bones is best, but they also tell you not to stress about individual meals. Just make sure the overall mix is close to that.
So the first few weeks are going to be chicken-based. Whole chickens. Everything but the feathers, head, neck and feet. About 2% of ideal body weight per day for the older ones and 3% for the youngster. Adjust accordingly if they get fat or skinny.
So here is how meal one went....
Lydia *destroyed* it. She dove right in, chomped up every bone and left not a scrap. It was no big deal. The other two took more time. They fretted over pieces that were too large, too bony, too whatever.
And then, about ten minutes into the fretting, they flipped completely, tore through it, crunching up bones with every bite, and generally acting like ravenous, carnivorous beasts.
It was pretty awesome. They looked *so* happy.
So I have big hopes. Lydia and Holly are both arthritic, and I know what paleo has done for my creaky joints, so I am hoping it helps them too. The Rube? Maybe she will have an unrivaled long life of meat-filled joy. Overall, I am hoping to have drastically reduced vet bills. Proponents of this diet claim that many people end up spending less on their pets, when minimal vet bills are factored in versus the old high-cost vet bills of the grainy diet.
This is cool. Our dogs are paleo. Even cooler: our dogs are even happier, it would seem.
UPDATE: After six days, I can't say I see huge changes in their coats yet, but their collective breath is much better. They also stay full longer and bug us less at mealtime. But the most unexpected change is that Ruby, the disgusting one, has almost completely stopped eating poop. (The other two never did). She used to use her dog sisters as vending machines for poop snacks, often eating it before it even hit the ground. She would also gleefully snack on it anytime she went outside. Always *their* poop, not hers (I guess *that* would be gross?). But suddenly, she is hardly eating it at all. I read somewhere that poop-eating is mostly about the dog wanting more protein, and I wonder if the meat-itarian diet has satisfied that need?
Anyway, it's awesome.
OK, except for this text message I got from my wife:
"Instead of eating Holly's poop, Ruby is rolling in it. Progress? I think not."
Fortunately, so far, *that* appears to have been a one-time event.
Posted using BlogPress from my iPad | <urn:uuid:6e798dd2-3bea-4186-850b-a599e3c647ff> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thepaleodrummer.com/2012/05/paleofication-of-pup-nation-feeding.html?m=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.97962 | 1,109 | 1.5 | 2 |
Soon may the last glad song ariseAuthor (attributed to): Mrs. Vokes (1816)
Published in 226 hymnals
Printable scores: PDF, MusicXMLAudio files: MIDI, Recording
1 Soon may the last glad song arise
Through all the millions of the skies;
That song of triumph which records
That all the earth is now the Lord's.
2 Let thrones and powers and kingdoms be
Obedient, mighty God, to Thee;
And over land and stream and main
Wave Thou the sceptre of Thy reign.
3 O that the anthem now might swell,
And host to host the triumph tell,
That not one rebel heart remains,
But over all the Saviour reigns!
The Hymnal: Published by the authority of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A., 1895
|Instances (1 - 2 of 2)||Title||First Line||Tune||Tune Key||Author||Meter||Scripture||Date||Subject||Source|
|Small Church Music #1969||Armes||Soon may the last glad song arise||ARMES||Mrs. Vokes||184.108.40.206|
|The Cyber Hymnal #6249||Soon May the Last Glad Song Arise||Soon may the last glad song arise||DUKE STREET||Mrs. Vokes||LM| | <urn:uuid:c5db491c-acc3-40e7-916e-b60ef1eb8335> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.hymnary.org/text/soon_may_the_last_glad_song_arise | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00509-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.705539 | 301 | 1.796875 | 2 |
|Page tools: Print Page Print All RSS Search this Product|
AUSTRALIAN BUREAU OF STATISTICS (ABS)
OTHER DATA ITEMS COLLECTED
A full list of data items collected for the Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers is available in Disability, Ageing and Carers: User Guide, Australia, 2009 (cat. no. 4431.0.55.001) (expected to be released in April 2011).
For further details on scope, geographic coverage, data availability and publications, methodology, classifications and concepts visit the Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers entry in the Directory of Statistical Sources.
The Migrant Data Matrices provide a link to summary data on migrants from the Survey of Disability, Ageing, and Carers. The data items included in each datacube are not exhaustive, but rather a selection of the data available. Care must be taken in comparing data from different collections presented in the Matrices due to differences in survey methodology, definitions and reference periods.
Additional data are also available in the publication Disability, Ageing and Carers, Australia: Summary of Findings (cat. no. 4430.0).
For further information about these and related statistics, contact the National Information and Referral Service.
Phone: 1300 135 070
Fax: 1300 135 211
Post: Client Services, ABS, GPO Box 796, Sydney 2001
These documents will be presented in a new window. | <urn:uuid:159a5095-fa8c-46cc-987f-539b666efefc> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/3414.0main+features342011%20(Edition%202) | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00228-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.832887 | 305 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Universal Obstacles In Small Business Success Way Overcome Properly
Success in online businesses tends to be elusive with a myriad of reasons each of which is able to be overcome. Business entrepreneurs who enter the online ‘arena’ typically have no or little experience in running a business, or even becoming their boss! While lack of experience isn’t enough to stop you from being successful on the internet, there are many issues that can occur and get worse when you consider the tangled web environment! One advantage of online is the fact that it will never be lost of information about every subject you can think of. The issue is that when creating your business, you must focus on the goals you want to achieve and not become distracted. The internet is a great way to distract you with all the things it can offer!
For more business success learning view 20 success keys online. Focus is essential when working online, and this also means that you must be aware of what you should focus on. Without a strategy or clear goals, you’ll feel like you’re floating around all day long, trying to find possibilities, but doing nothing! Just like in life, to succeed online, you require an idea of where you are going, since, without it, you’re lost!
Don’t Have Passion Of Work
The necessity to have an amount of passion or enthusiasm about what you are working on cannot be discussed enough. Passion can bring an abundance of energy and motivation which you will require as it takes an amount of time before you can establish your own identity! Many people lack this and thus seem to “flood” out within a short period of time.
As a business owner, there are many choices that need to be made, and often, they must be taken swiftly. The web is a highly rapidly changing and dynamic environment that offers a variety of changes and opportunities. The ability you have to think quickly and be able to move at a faster pace is a key aspect of the amount of success you have. Indecisiveness on your part can lead to many missed opportunities and lots of discontents.
In the majority of cases, people working online did not come with much or prior experience as entrepreneurs. Understanding how to create an action plan and how to organize your time and yourself are essential elements to be successful online. These skills are hard to master but they shouldn’t be neglected because when you do, it makes your work more challenging and your results less rewarding.
It is vital for you to be surrounded by positive people who have the same interests as you. Skeptics, critics, and those who are generally afraid to attempt any endeavor are the first to tell you that it is impossible! They are afraid of someone else succeeding in something they’re not inclined or willing to do and thus they are the source of negative reinforcement. The process of building a business can be difficult enough that you shouldn’t have to worry about people who make you doubt you constantly!
We have previously discussed the need to have enthusiasm for the work you do. This is the primary reason. The outcomes you’re looking for are not likely to happen in a flash, so you’ll have to keep working and persevere. Failure is the thing that is it is not a failure until you quit and become discouraged. quickly can cause you to give up before you achieve success.
The process of establishing a successful business online comes with certain challenges, however, they are minor and can be overcome. The majority of issues typically can be traced to general inexperience with creating a business or managing oneself. Whatever the case, the average business owner is capable of understanding what they must be aware of and getting the necessary expertise. However considering the myriad of distractions the online environment can bring, these little issues can become more difficult to solve! The above discussion outlines 7 common hurdles that arise from these “conditions” and as you’ll notice, there is no way to overcome them all! It all comes down to your own determination and drive to be successful online, and if your determination is sufficient, the obstacles are quickly overcome! | <urn:uuid:e4cd7076-140d-40dd-8134-3711e45a4dc4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://whitematerial-lefilm.com/universal-obstacles-in-small-business-success-way-overcome-properly/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.964587 | 870 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Goldstein, Robin Almenberg, Johan Dreber, Anna Emerson, John W. Herschkowitsch, Alexis Katzy, Jacob
Year of Publication:
SSE/EFI Working Paper Series in Economics and Finance 700
Individuals who are unaware of the price do not derive more enjoyment from more expensive wine. In a sample of more than 6,000 blind tastings, we find that the correlation between price and overall rating is small and negative, suggesting that individuals on average enjoy more expensive wines slightly less. For individuals with wine training, however, we find indications of a positive, or at any rate non-negative, correlation. Our results are robust to the inclusion of individual fixed effects, and are not driven by outliers: when omitting the top and bottom deciles of the price distribution, our qualitative results are strengthened, and the statistical significance is improved even further. Our results indicate that both the prices of wines and wine recommendations by experts may be poor guides for non-expert wine consumers. | <urn:uuid:a6e18736-616a-459b-a13e-555861ccc201> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.econstor.eu/handle/10419/56069 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719468.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00528-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.921477 | 208 | 1.695313 | 2 |
A record audience tuned in to the first presidential debate of the election campaign. Polling suggested that most voters thought Hillary Clinton put in a better performance than Donald Trump. He blamed the moderator and a defective microphone, and said he had held back because he “didn’t want to hurt anyone’s feelings”. See here and here.
Congress overrode a presidential veto by Barack Obama for the first time, voting overwhelmingly to reinstate a bill that allows Americans to sue foreign governments if they are found to have played a role in terrorist attacks. Mr Obama had vetoed the bill on the ground that it would open America to reciprocal lawsuits from foreign countries. See article.
The number of murders in America rose by 10.8% last year, according to the FBI, the sharpest rise in decades. The murder rate rose to 4.9 for every 100,000 people, the highest since 2009.
Peace in our time
The government of Colombia and the FARC guerrilla army signed an agreement to end their 52-year-long war. Colombia’s president, Juan Manuel Santos, and the FARC’s leader, known as Timochenko, used a pen fashioned from a bullet casing to sign the accord. Colombians are to vote on the peace deal in a referendum on October 2nd.
Brazilian police arrested Antonio Palocci, a former finance minister and chief of staff of the former president, Dilma Rousseff, in connection with the corruption scandal centred on Petrobras, the state-controlled oil giant. Mr Palocci’s lawyers say he did nothing wrong.
Russian and Syrian air strikes continued in Aleppo, where rebel forces occupy the eastern part of the city. Most of their stronghold is now without water. No aid is getting in, and hospitals and bakeries are being targeted. See here and here.
Shimon Peres, a former president and prime minister of Israel, died at the age of 93. He was the last of Israel’s founding fathers and the architect of its nuclear programme. Mr Peres shared the Nobel peace prize in 1994 for his efforts to bring peace to the Middle East. See article.
Around 15,000 Saudi women signed a petition to abolish laws barring them from marrying, travelling or working without permission from a male guardian.
A jihadist who had pleaded guilty at the International Criminal Court to destroying ancient shrines in Mali was sentenced to nine years in prison. It was the first case of its kind to be heard at the ICC.
The long arm of the law
China criticised America’s decision to impose sanctions on a Chinese company dealing in industrial machinery. The Treasury banned American firms from doing business with Dandong Hongxiang because of alleged links to North Korea’s nuclear programme. China had said it was investigating the links itself. It accused America of attempting “long-arm jurisdiction”.
Chinese fighters and bombers flew close to Japanese territory on their way to take part in an exercise in the western Pacific. They traversed the Miyako Strait between Taiwan and the Japanese island of Okinawa. Japan said it was the first time that Chinese aircraft had used the route. It scrambled its own jets, but no violations of Japan’s airspace were reported.
India said it had carried out strikes against Pakistan-based militants on the border with the disputed state of Kashmir. Two Pakistani soldiers were killed in the barrage. With tensions on the rise, India decided to boycott a regional summit in Pakistan, and also threatened to review water-sharing agreements and trade arrangements with its neighbour.
A court in Malaysia jailed an opposition politician, Tian Chua, for sedition. He had urged the public to protest against the government.
Amnesty International cancelled a public briefing about torture in Thailand after the police said the speakers would face arrest. A Thai government committee ordered Yingluck Shinawatra, a former prime minister ousted in a military coup, to pay a fine of $1 billion for negligence related to a subsidy scheme for rice farmers. Ms Yingluck said the fine was politically motivated.
The evidence mounts
A Dutch-led criminal investigation found that a Malaysian Airlines flight, MH17, was shot down over Ukraine in 2014 by a BUK anti-aircraft missile that had been brought in from Russia, and fired from territory held by Russian-backed separatist rebels. The investigators released telephone intercepts of Russian-speaking forces requesting the missiles to stop Ukrainian air-force attacks. See article.
Italy’s prime minister, Matteo Renzi, set December 4th as the date for a national referendum to approve constitutional changes simplifying the country’s Byzantine parliamentary system. Mr Renzi, a reformist centre-leftist, has staked his political future on the referendum’s success.
Moody’s, a credit-rating agency, downgraded Turkey’s bonds to junk status. A government adviser compared the ratings decision to the failed coup attempt in July, and the prime minister declared it was “not impartial”.
François Hollande, the president of France, promised to demolish the migrant camp outside Calais known as “the Jungle”. Mr Hollande said that the agreement under which British border checks take place on the French side would stand, but vowed to press Britain for more aid for the refugees drawn by the tunnel.
Jeremy Corbyn won re-election as leader of Britain’s Labour Party, slightly increasing his share of the vote to 61.8%. The bulk of his support came from members who joined after the general election in 2015. The result will not resolve the party’s deep divisions. John McDonnell, the shadow chancellor, promised to bring socialism back to the mainstream, which is unlikely to be popular with voters. See article.
Sam Allardyce resigned as the manager of England’s football team after a newspaper caught him on camera advising a fake Asian firm on how to circumvent Football Association rules. Several football agents were filmed making various claims about corruption, with one saying the problem was worse in England than in his native Italy. Another said one manager had taken more backhanders than Wimbledon. See article.
This article appeared in the The world this week section of the print edition under the headline "Politics this week" | <urn:uuid:12930654-3478-4d62-bd7e-b93d62d2a129> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.economist.com/the-world-this-week/2016/10/01/politics-this-week | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571502.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811194507-20220811224507-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.970457 | 1,294 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.