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It takes more than rules, however sound, and enforcement, however diligent, to provide you and your families with a promising financial future. While I have the pulpit, so to speak, permit me to offer three pieces of advice. First, while you are in the military, take advantage of training opportunities. Many specific skills learned in the military--nursing and healthcare, mechanics, computer programming, police and security work--transfer to civilian jobs. The military also offers training in various life skills. For instance, this morning I visited the Fort Bliss Army Community Service training center, which offers classes on such financial topics as budgeting, debt management, understanding credit, car buying, and protecting against identity theft. More broadly, according to a recent study, 80 percent of veterans said their military experience helped them get ahead in life.1 They said the experience helped them mature, taught them to work with others, and built their self-confidence. The value of military experience is reflected in the fact that the unemployment rate for veterans tends to be lower than the rate for non-veterans.2
Second, when you leave the military, take advantage of education benefits for veterans. The Post-9/11 GI Bill pays for tuition and fees, a monthly housing allowance, and books and supplies. Keep in mind that, on average, compared with high school graduates, people with college degrees earn about twice as much and suffer about half the rate of unemployment.3
Finally, educate yourself about your own personal finances. Research by the Federal Reserve right here at Fort Bliss shows that financial education can pay off.4 Beginning in 2003, the Federal Reserve collaborated with Army Emergency Relief, the U.S. Army's own financial assistance organization, to provide a two-day financial education course, taught by the staff of San Diego City College, to younger enlisted soldiers--mostly men in their early 20s. We surveyed them about their financial history and activities at the time of the course, and we did follow-up surveys in 2008 and 2009 of both servicemembers who had participated in the course and soldiers who had not. We found that soldiers who had taken the course were more likely to make smart financial choices, such as comparison shopping for major purchases, saving for retirement, and educating themselves about money management. They were less likely to make questionable financial decisions, like paying overdraft fees, taking out car title loans, and continually running credit card balances. Making good, well-thought-out financial decisions can make all the difference to your financial future.
Thanks for serving. Your economy is fucked & you won't find employment. This isn't our fault, please don't rush off and join OWS. Oh, and there's probably another 50,000 of you soon, unless we get into gear and go through Syria to Iran.
Also see, Leading Banks and Wall Street Firms Repeatedly Break SEC Anti-Fraud Agreements
graphic representation of how the big money boys have been continually screwing us
H/t to DaveS | <urn:uuid:b7f4ae64-1cc3-41c1-8a19-e456aaf11cc5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://amsamdotorg.blogspot.com/2011/11/bernanke-speaks-to-home-coming-troops.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00320-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97367 | 617 | 2.203125 | 2 |
According to Wikipedia
"Cloaking is a black hat search engine optimization (SEO) technique in which the content presented to the search engine spider is different from that presented to the users' browser."
DAMN! I am writing again a BLACK HAT SEO ARTICLE.
Cloaking is a term used for presenting a different page to human visitor whereas an entirely different page to search engine spiders or bots for the same url. Means the page you find at www.abc.com is entirely different than the page a Search Engine Spider find at www.abc.com
Cloaking is done by cloaking softwares that compare the IP address of the coming request for a webpage to a database of known IP addresses of specific search engine spiders. If the IP address matches one on the list, it serves a page that was specifically written for the search engines and if not than it shows a page made for human visitors. Most cloaking software has all the search engine spiders’ IP addresses indexed plus they are updated regularly.
So where is BLACK HAT In there ?
Ahh! I get it. You can build hundreds of targeted keyword rich pages designed specifically for the search engine spiders, or a link farm having 1000 links pointing to a website
( HINT: USE 50 Links pointing to Google.com), while at the same time building a regular page for human visitors so they don't get annoyed. So whenever a search engine spider visits your site, it is detected and sent to your that exclusive pages for them. On the other hand, whenever a human visitor arrives, the software detects that it’s not an IP from a search engine spider, so the human arrives at the non-exclusive such that a regular page.
A cloaking software see that following things when someone comes to a website
- IP address
- The HTTP_REFERER header
- The HTTP Accept-Language header
Types Of Cloaking
There are two types of Cloaking
- User Agent Cloaking
- IP based Cloaking
User Agent Cloaking
In User Agent Cloaking, the cloaking script compares the User Agent text string which is sent when a page is requested with its list of search engine User Agent names and then serves the approp riate page. enerally, if a search engine spider requests a page, the User-Agent variable contains the name of the search engine. If the cloaking script does not detect the name of a search engine in the User-Agent variable, it assumes that the request has been made by a human being and delivers the page which was designed for human beings.
IP Based Cloaking
This is the more complicated method to do cloaking. It invloves IP address od search engine spiders. When a visitor (a search engine or a human) requests a page, the cloaking script checks the I.P. address of the visitor. If the I.P. address is present in the I.P. database, the cloaking script knows that the visitor is a search engine and delivers the page optimized for that search engine. If the I.P. address is not present in the I.P. database, the cloaking script assumes that a human has requested the page, and delivers the page which is meant for human visitors.
How Search Engine Detects Page Cloaking?
- If a site using user-agent cloaking method than a search enigne send a spider which does not report a user agent name.
- If a site using IP Based cloaking method then the search engines can send a spider or bot from a different I.P. address than any I.P. address which it has used previously.
- A Human representative from search engine. Emm. Well It may be possible
So Is this Technique still have Some Worth?
I don't think so cause now Google don't give importance to number of link but the quality and relevancy of link. So such type of thing now don't work or caught after sometime resulting in that sweet ban in Google.
Here is great visual representation of the whole process of Cloaking.
This image and is from ELLIANCE: LINK. From here you can aslo find some more Visual representation if duifferent SEO Process.
Here is a Fire Fox Extension to change your user agent name to see if a site is claoking or not. Extension
Any suggestion or comments are welcome. | <urn:uuid:bb281c26-bc54-4648-9e3d-a66af42f4761> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://seomization.blogspot.com/2007/10/cloaking-black-hat.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718423.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00271-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.907323 | 906 | 2.8125 | 3 |
It’s super simple to exchange and will only run you about $20 at an auto elements store. Just ensure the arrow is pointing up whenever you put within the new filter. The staleness of the air can also be traced to soiled or clogged filters. When you turn it on, the smell of the stale air will fill your room. Believe it or not I truly have read this on a forum 2 days ago. But it was for the old liquid battery not agm.
And examine the engine bay for white water spots. I used Windex once as an alternative of precise windshield fluid in one of my vehicles and it smelled like @$$ inside the cabin. If your A/C is not blowing as chilly because it did, until you have a combination door drawback, it might be as a result of a low refrigerant charge because of a leak.
What Is The Smell Coming From My Air Conditioner?
Yes, you have to ‘change’ the air sometimes, however bear in mind the mildew and mildew is attributable to water inside the HVAC system. You also must verify that the drain is clear, and that there are not any leaves or filth contained in the system that may entice water. While a dirty cabin air filter can affectthe AC system, a grimy engine air filter cancause engine efficiency issues. In fact, changing a dirtyengine filter can improve gas mileage by as much as10%.
The smell of gas might doubtless be caused by precise gas leaking. Although gas itself doesn’t have any odor, gas producers added a chemical known as methyl mercaptan to the mix. Methyl mercaptan is just like the odor of rotten cabbage and is a warning that a severe problem is occurring – that is, a gas leak. Mold is a major cause behind the vinegar-like odor. As mildew thrives on moisture-prone areas, cleaning any type of liquid spillage promptly is significant to forestall the event of mold contained in the car.
Why Does My Car Air Conditioner Stink
Then a dry powder goes to fall proper off the evaporator and do no good. I guess I’ll buy another can of it and search for a deeper point of entry close to the evaporator. After a protracted seach on the discussion board, there is a hose that comes off a tank or one thing that can go beneath the carpet presumably and to the floor/firewall or one thing. The hose could be easily indifferent from the tank or something, and it is recommended to clean the little hose out with a wire, pipecleaner, or whatever you will get to slot in there. There is special stuff you will get from car sellers, eg Ford, for this. From this you possibly can see that air always passes over the evaporator, even when AC just isn’t in use.
It could also be even higher to turn off the ac compressor and simply run the fan earlier than parking. In my GS its a bit harder than the straightforward console button on the NX, undecided concerning the RC. As recommended in the TSB, I do attempt to change it to recent air a few minutes earlier than turning the car off, I assume that helps a bit but its hard to remember to do it on an everyday basis. If your air conditioner is producing a stench, it is a certain signal that one thing is up and should be checked instantly by an HVAC contractor. Check with a industrial air con enterprise in your space.
A specialist might change the air filter or figure out one other reason for the problem and help you take care of it. I imagine you get the reply of your question, why does my car ac smell like vinegar? Here’s my blog on cam phaser advantages and downsides. Here’s what you need to find out about your f150.
Musty Smell In Car Vents
As for those automakers mentioned in the immediate publish above, you’ve an inventory of the specific vehicles?. I’d file this underneath proper care and maintenance going forward for any car. Read more about Window Ac Smells Like Vinegar here. It stops when I turn on the recirculation mode.
Car Ac Smells
Natural gas has a sulfur-like additive to warn you when there’s a leak, because the gas may be toxic in massive quantities. Natural gas has a sulfur-like additive to warn you when there’s a leak, because the gas could be poisonous in huge amounts. Clean your car’s AC filters at regular intervals. If the air filters keep soiled and old, this could lead to lowered airflow which lets moisture stay inside the system inflicting the car AC to smell like vinegar. An electric motor that’s emitting ozone could be the trigger of the bitter air coming out of your air conditioner.
Kia Ac Smells Like Vinegar
Your air filters may also be causing a bizarre car air conditioner smell. If not cleaned correctly, the air filter can gather filth, stagnant water, dust mites, and other harmful pollutants. This may end up in a bad smell each time you flip in your air conditioner.
If one way or the other the moisture doesn’t get a method out, it stuck inside the AC unit inflicting a nasty smell to come back out of it after a few days. Much bigger issues might cause foul odors in your A/C, too, corresponding to ozone emissions, which are inclined to smell vinegary, or leaking battery acid, which has a powerful sulfur smell. If a vent and duct cleaning spray would not eliminate your vinegar odor issue, it is best to have knowledgeable inspect your air-con system.
But there’s an excellent chance you’ve a pure gas leak in your house. Natural gas has a sulfur-like additive to warn you when there’s a leak, because the gas can be toxic in huge amounts. Speaking of that I live in California and I am positive lots of you are conscious of our fires right here. I am not close to them but encompass geographically by them.
Car Smells Like Vinegar
(So you wonder why they inventory this if they’d had no different complaints.) Well, this made it smell very fairly for about 5 minutes and then it was again. It is intermittent however is extremely correlated with having Recirculate and AutoClimate management “on”. I am really annoyed with this problem, as I am now experiencing it once more this summer time . We live additionally in a dry climate, Colorado, outside of Denver. If this methodology could be followed then this methodology will assist to maintain the AC of the car utterly dry. Read more about Smell In Car Air Conditioning here. It is not going to enable the mosture to be built in the car additionally it will not allow any dust to accumulate within the car’s AC.
Why Does My Car Ac Smell When I First Turn It On?
Inspect the gas pressure regulator of your engine to see if the leak is on this area. You also can examine the gas injector “O” rings in the engine compartment for any leaks. It can also be advisable to verify your exhaust pipes and muffler for any holes that may trigger gas leaks. The wash off of the products goes down screen into the air intake area for the air con .
Loose belts and hoses don’t get better with time. If the gas smell in your car lasts longer than a couple of hours, it will not be such a simple fix. Prolonged gasoline smell in a car might point out points with your gas cap or a leaky gasoline tank or injector. I’ve been trying throughout, and nonetheless cannot find the a/c contemporary air intake, so I can spray some Lysol in there . SilveradoSierra.com – Chevy Truck Forum
If you current any of these symptoms, and especially if they seem to disappear whenever you depart your own home or car, I suggest that you simply instantly take motion. Further within the article, I’ll share a few methods and merchandise that helped me and that I am confident will assist you to too. Air Conditioning Units can create lots of condensation as they work to make your life extra comfy. Unfortunately, it also means that they supply a heat and moist environment, good for mold and bacterias to develop and thrive.
Vinegar For Smells
A burning smell from your car’s A/C is never an excellent sign. But the type of burning smell could make a distinction in the way you react!. Read more about What Does Vinegar Smell Like here. Here are a couple of common kinds of burning smells you could smell coming through the A/C.
Car Ac Mildew Smell
This further prevents mould and bacterial infections and, finally, can stop car AC smells like vinegar. The vinegar-like smell from car Air conditionings prevails and incessantly shows an absence of tidiness or an absence of aqua in the air vent. But, the plastic burning smell or burning smell of rubber point out more main concern. If your car AC smells like vinegar there may be some problem along with your car’s AC.
Some bacteria, relying on the medium they’re rising in, will produce acetic acid . I’ve heard of this downside earlier than and altering that filter solves the problem. If your air conditioner was put in earlier than 2010, there’s a excessive likelihood it makes use of R-22 or Freon refrigerant. This refrigerant is not being manufactured as a result of its unfavorable results on the ozone layer. Consequently, repairs may be very expensive so it might be best to schedule air conditioning installation in this instance. | <urn:uuid:ab764c41-e862-4cc8-a860-3aac89888711> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://autumnleavesblog.co/why-does-my-car-air-conditioning-smell-like-vinegar/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571719.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812140019-20220812170019-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.932687 | 2,027 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Hunt for the word “homophobia” – purportedly a fear of homosexuality – and Merriam-Webster, the ADL, Wikipedia, Oxford Dictionary, The Free Dictionary, the Reference Dictionary and others are ready to provide help.
But look for “homofascism” – the use of homosexuality to bludgeon and batter the religious rights of Christians and others – and the logical resources are silent, leaving it to blogs and others to define.
For example, at DefendProclaimtheFaith.org, a blogger wrote, “In light of all the information that I already posted and current information in this digest, I believe I may have coined a phrase. I am no longer titling the information as homosexual but homofascism. … I am going to use it because it fits this movement.”
It’s not hard to recognize. It’s when:
- Homosexual activists charge the medical establishment with “homophobia” for reporting that people living the homosexual lifestyle have a much higher prevalence of HIV and other STDs, and yet using that very same information to complain the group’s health issues are ignored.
- Or when a 14-year-old receives death threats for defending traditional/natural marriage.
- Or when those who advocate defining marriage as between a man and a woman face intimidation, vandalism, racial scapegoating, blacklisting, loss of employment, economic hardships, angry protests, violence, at least one death threat, and gross expressions of anti-religious bigotry.
- Or when a 15-year-old, Brandon Wegner, is punished for sharing his opinion that homosexual couples should not be able to adopt.
- Or when a homosexual activist demands a lawyer not be hired because of past support for traditional marriage.
- Or a pastor is threatened with death for speaking against special protections based on sexual orientation.
Rev. Scott Lively, who works with Defend the Family, now also has begun working with pastors and churches in Oklahoma City, under the banner of Oklahomans for the 1st Amendment, to take back Christians’ rights to believe, live and express their biblical beliefs.
Essentially, the goal of the program is to affirm that the First Amendment right to freedom of speech and religion trumps laws set up to promote homosexuality by setting aside quotas for hiring and such.
Lively told WND the effort was launched in Oklahoma for a number of reasons, including that the state is fairly conservative and the special “rights” for homosexuals still are a mostly new idea there.
“The idea is to accomplish somewhere in the nation an amendment of sexual orientation regulations … as an example to the rest of the nation,” he said.
The idea, with variations, could be applied to governments, corporations, or anything else.
He said such “gay” set-asides are sold to the public as a shield against attacks on homosexuals, but the homosexuals use the special provisions as a sword to attack the rights of Christians.
The campaign’s goal is simply to return that status to being a shield, he said.
The Oklahoma group’s members say they “believe in the supremacy of the First Amendment for freedom of speech, the freedom of the press, the right to assemble peacefully as the people desire, and the right to petition the government to make things right if it has caused them harm.”
They “believe these rights have been given by God and not by the state – thus, the state has no authority to take these rights.”
“That any non-discrimination ordinance in any city regulations include the following statement: ‘In no circumstances shall sexual orientation regulations supersede the First Amendment rights of individuals, churches and religious organizations to freedom of speech and the free exercise of religion.”
Its website includes a petition.
Lively said in an open society such as that in the United States, “We as people have to be willing to put up with other people’s speech … Others have been willing to do that – except the ‘gays.'”
Obtaining a foothold in one location, he said, will allow a springboard effect to other cities, counties and states.
Lively’s long list of other incidents that show abuse of Christians’ rights:
- Edmond police are investigating after a church pastor reported receiving death threats since speaking out against a proposal to add sexual orientation to Oklahoma City’s equal employment protections.
- A student was suspended for saying homosexuality is wrong.
- Here’s an LGBT publication desperately and through the use of unrelated arguments trying to convince people that they’re not getting the whole story and that the student harassed the teacher for the teacher being homosexual.
- Catholic Professor Kenneth Howell was fired for teaching natural law, which includes the topic of homosexual conduct.
- Homosexualists, ignoring context, get a Dire Straits song banned in Canada.
- A homosexual couple sues Bed & Breakfast, because owners moral beliefs couldn’t allow homosexual sex to be engaged in on their property.
- Police report documenting extensive amount of death threats made by homosexualists during the Prop 8 ordeal.
- New Jersey teacher suspended for not approving of attempts to homosexualize children on her own Facebook in her own home.
- Prince has stated the he believes that God ordained marriage between one man and one woman only. In the following pro-homosexual article, Wendy and Lisa responded with, “Until he calls Lisa and I up and apologizes to us personally, we don’t want anything to do with his projects again.”
- This short documentary covers FIRE’s case at Missouri State University, where social work student Emily Brooker was threatened with expulsion after she refused (as a matter of personal belief) to send a signed letter to the Missouri state legislature in favor of homosexual foster parenting and adoption:
- Macy’s fires employee for protecting women’s dressing rooms from a cross-dresser.
- Grad student at Augusta State University who sued the school over a clash between her grad program requirements and her religious beliefs on homosexual behavior.
- In a Mexican case, Fr. Hugo Valdemar was found guilty on July 1st of illegal political activity because he stated that Catholics should not vote for candidates who support same-sex marriage.
- ACLU sues “family-friendly” inn for refusing to host lesbian wedding reception.
- Crystal Dixon loses her job at University of Toledo for writing a piece to express the faulty comparison between homosexuality and race/skin color.
- Homosexual manager at Cisco Systems gets Dr. Frank Turek fired.
- Allstate fired manager for Christian beliefs on homosexuality.
- A Swedish pastor who preached a sermon on the Biblical prohibitions against homosexual behavior is waiting to see if the Supreme Court of Sweden will send him to jail for six months for doing so.
- Chick-fil-A and homosexual intolerance.
- A Christian street preacher was arrested and locked in a cell for telling a passer-by that homosexuality is a sin in the eyes of God.
- Lexington, Mass., father of 6-year-old arrested, spends night in jail over objections to homosexual curriculum in son’s kindergarten class. Homosexuals invading a church and throwing condoms all over the place.
- Catholic mom-blogger threatened by pro-homosexual “Catholic” students.
- Homosexual activists are exploiting tragedies to silence religious opponents.
- The calls for Melanie Phillips to be killed this week prove the bedrock values of our society are in grave danger.
- State Sen. Ruben Diaz and family hit with death threats over stance on same sex “marriage” issue.
- eHarmony sued for not including same-sex couple options.
- Apple, who boasts about their diversity, can’t seem to show the same towards former homosexuals. Exodus App removed.
- Smith College kicks off Speaker Ryan Sorba for his “born gay hoax” presentation.
- WNER says Prop 8 opponents hacked into LDS site.
- Jose Nunez, 37, received 16 stitches after pro-gay-marriage protesters beat him when he tried to hand out pro-Prop-8 signs at his church. Only WND and local religious media are reporting it.
- Death threats/wishes on Mormons right from pro-homosexual publication San Francisco Chronicle
- Carrie Prejean harassed by homosexual activist (Perez Hilton) for expressing the biblical view of marriage.
- Mississippi school sued by ACLU for canceling prom over lesbian couple attended after memorandum from the school given to students, dated Feb. 5, which states that prom dates must be of the opposite sex.
- Teen entrenched in open homosexuality sues to force school to hold prom.
- Pro-Christian and pro-family groups labeled as “hate” groups by the Southern Poverty Law Center.
- Firefighters forced to attend “gay” pride parade where they endured a barrage of sexual taunts and lewd gestures.
- A Christian couple opposed to homosexual behavior because of their faith, lost a court battle on Monday over the right to become foster parents.
- Mexico City authorities say they have been forced to close the last cars on five different subway lines during late night service because homosexuals have “taken over” the cars to engage in sex acts.
- A Christian photographer in New Mexico was found guilty last week of breaking state law for refusing to take pictures of a lesbian ceremony, as if it’s a civil right to have your picture taken by somebody of your choice.
- The Catholic Diocese of Rockford, Ill., announced the closing of their adoption agencies last week, forced out of service due to new legislation that would oblige them to service homosexual couples.
- There’s a homosexual nightclub in Tampa called the HoneyPot that has one night open for those who have a preference for the opposite sex. Imagine what would happen if a regular night club advertised that they only allow homosexuals in 1 night a week?
- Here’s a self-admitted left-wing homosexual journalist on left-wing site who admits that there has always been a link between homosexual behavior and fascism.
- Homosexual activist “leader” of the so-called “It Gets Better” Campaign conducted an act of hate (germ warfare) on a Republican candidate Gary Bauer for his view on same-sex “marriage.”
- Self-proclaimed “gay, anarchist group” storms church service declaring, “Jesus is a homo!” Local news poll finds majority of viewers support the protest:
- Old lady gets cross taken out of her hands, thrown to the ground and trampled on.
- Street preacher in Britain gets arrested.
- Homosexual activists publicly publish names of Prop 8 donors.
- Homosexual activists call for a boycott of donations to Salvation Army.
- They even have created a Facebook page for it, and take a look at the comments made by the homosexualists throughout the page.
- Woman exploits 8-year-old son in publicity stunt.
- Bricks, including threatening note, are thrown through window at Christian Liberation Academy by homosexual activists.
- What should Christian student groups be allowed?
- Is history repeating itself in some way, shape, or form?
- Looks like it has.
- Attack on Christianity. And again. And again. And again. And again. And again. And again:
- Facebook, Google, etc showing bias against Christians.
- A Christian pediatrician who was dismissed from an adoption panel over her belief that children should not be placed with same-sex couples.
- A homosexual group has filed a discrimination complaint against Hands On Originals: Christian Outfitters after the company refused to honor a bid to produce apparel for an event that promotes homosexuality.
- Soros-funded “civil rights” group in New York files huge, 47-page lawsuit in federal court accusing Pastor Scott Lively of “crimes against humanity” — for pro-family speeches in Uganda.
- The group that allegedly smashed up a Portland church hopes its “small act of vengeance will strike fear into the hearts of” Christian leaders who teach traditional sexual morality, according to an e-mail message the group released to the public.
- Consumer rights under attack: California senator introduces legislation that undermines parental authority and the therapist–client relationship. | <urn:uuid:e594545b-6038-43d8-aafd-ff8eef180c77> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.wnd.com/2013/04/fed-up-christiansbrout-to-defeathomofascism/?cat_orig=faith | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00377-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.936038 | 2,599 | 2.578125 | 3 |
The Feb. 3. opinion piece, "Give a federal agency power and it will just keep expanding," gives readers the impression that EPA intends to regulate all small dairy farms as part of its work to prevent oil spills. This is incorrect.
EPA has already proposed to exclude milk and milk product storage tanks from the spill prevention regulatory program. This common sense decision was announced months ago. Moreover, EPA already has stayed any compliance requirements for milk and milk product storage tanks pending the agency's final action on the proposed permanent exclusion. It is known that EPA will take final action on the proposed permanent exclusion this spring.
EPA stands with the president in his commitment to using common sense and transparency to review federal regulations. This commitment to transparency is precisely why EPA publicly announced its intention to delay compliance requirements for milk and milk product storage tanks in October of 2010.
EPA's Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response | <urn:uuid:d5d6b587-4dd4-41d0-846f-9ef514c83c36> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.deseretnews.com/article/700108935/Column-was-wrong.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721174.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00282-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959395 | 180 | 1.96875 | 2 |
Key Technical DP Personnel (DP Vessel Maintainer Course) DP Scheme
The DPVM training scheme requires the trainee to complete the DP Vessel Maintainer Course.
The course is a five day course of 34 hours duration.
The course involved both theory and practical on a class B simulator and covers the following topics:
- General Overview of DP
- The power generation and management
- Propulsion units
- DP Control system and sensors
- Position reference systems
- Environmental reference systems
- DP operation and effects on DP system
- Safe DP operation CAM, ASOG, TAM and TAGOS
- Lesson learned
- Manning, Training, and competency assessment | <urn:uuid:d9640054-8ab3-4be7-8656-1accb00604df> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nialexisplatform.org/accreditation/dynamic-positioning/key-technical-dp-personnel-dp-vessel-maintainer-course-dp-scheme/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00471.warc.gz | en | 0.837084 | 142 | 1.8125 | 2 |
Create a job shadowing initiative (e.g. ‘take your daughter to work day’) that YALSA could implement through its membership. The goal of the program would be to recruit more teens and young people to the field of young adult librarianship, especially young people from diverse backgrounds.
A written proposal outlining the job shadowing initiative, including implementation and evaluation strategies. The proposal should also provide a rough estimate of any related costs.
Resources and materials that YALSA members could use at their local level in the job shadow initiative. Resources that can be distributed via the Internet are the most desirable. The Team should consider YALSA’s many tools for disseminating information and decide which are the best ones for this project. Some possibilities include: YALSA’s website, wiki, blog, Facebook page, podcasts, e-newsletter, and print journal. | <urn:uuid:1704bec6-1df6-4ada-bfa7-9136bdafa812> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://connect.ala.org/og_calendar/89595 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00242-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.924959 | 185 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Provides information about a perspective of a model.
Assembly: ReportService2005 (in ReportService2005.dll)
A model perspective identifies a subset of a model items contained in the model. Use the model perspective name with the GetUserModel API to obtain only the model items in the perspective.
Any public static ( Shared in Visual Basic) members of this type are thread safe. Any instance members are not guaranteed to be thread safe.
Working with Perspectives in Model Designer
Working with Model Designer | <urn:uuid:0cdfdb99-bfc0-4aa8-a177-f137e62ec204> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/reportservice2005.modelperspective.aspx?cs-save-lang=1&cs-lang=fsharp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00032-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.826412 | 103 | 1.976563 | 2 |
You exercise your body to stay physically in shape, so why shouldn't you exercise your brain to stay mentally fit? With these daily exercises you will learn how to flex your mind, improve your creativity and boost your memory. As with any exercise, repetition is necessary for you to see improvement, so pick your favorite exercises from our daily suggestions and repeat them as desired. Try to do some mentalrobics every single day!
It's tough to be creative when you are filled with worry. If you are worrying about your grade on a project or how your boss is going to react to your ideas, you are going to have a difficult time getting into a creative mindset. You need to be able to completely free your mind in order to have the flexibility to go into unfamiliar territory and find innovative ideas. Here is one technique to reduce your worry about the outcome of a project.
Gather all the Facts
Without all the facts, there is no way to know how to move forward. Most worry occurs because you are uncertain about what direction to take on a particular task. The more facts you have, the more certain you will be. If you need to make a decision at the end of the week, don't even think about the decision until Friday. Spend the whole week objectively gathering all the information that you can about the decision. When Friday comes along, you will probably find that the facts have already made the decision for you.
Analyze the Problem
Finding Ways to Relieve Worry
When Something is Going Wrong | <urn:uuid:2355f191-a4a3-40ac-8743-ec9288ffe075> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.braingle.com/mind/index.php?yes=481&id=481 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720941.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00518-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952072 | 307 | 2.53125 | 3 |
A Blog post
Habitica: The gamified to-do app
- Jun 25, 2019
- Jared Wells
- In Uncategorized
- 0 Comments
The best organization tool is the one you use.
Do you have an app on your phone that you can’t just seem to put down? App designers know how get you hooked on a game. To get you to open it up repeatedly throughout the day. To get you keep the app open and keep using it. This can be very distracting and damaging to your focus, which is why I recommend apps like Forest that help you bring mindfulness to how often you are using your phone.
But there is an app that uses “gamification” not to suck you into your phone and away from the outside world, but to help you accomplish the things you want to accomplish in the real world. It’s called “Habitica”.
Habitica is an app that does a few different things that many apps of this type do
-it manages your to-do list
-It tracks daily/weekly tasks
-it tracks habits you want to develop or eliminate.
Nothing out of the ordinary here, but it’s the way it does it that is unique. When you create your account you created an RPG style avatar. Here is mine:
Now, when you add your to-do’s to your list, completing them gives you experience to “level up” your avatar, and earns you gold you can spend on weapons, mounts, or pets. Failing to complete your to-do’s deals damage to you. Take enough damage, and your avatar dies (losing you experience, gold, and one of the items you’ve acquired.)
You can even join parties with your friends and tackle your to-do lists together!
Habitica has highlighted some important things for me that will be helpful for students:
- Incomplete to-do’s ARE damaging, in a couple of ways. First, when you tell someone you’ll do something, and you don’t, you are disrupting that person’s plans. It’s better to make sure that you don’t take on more things unless you are confident you can handle the things that you’ve already got, and Habitica will quickly teach you to pay attention to whether you are taking on more than you can handle when you take something new on. They are also damaging because they create open loops in your mind. It’s easier to stay focussed on the task at hand if you only have one task to complete. It’s harder when you have 5, and would be near impossible if you have 20. On other task manager apps, incomplete tasks can just sit there incomplete for weeks or months even. But it’s easy to overlook that damage. Seeing the damage done do your poor, defenseless character makes it easier to understand the negative impact incomplete to-do’s have.
- Thinking about whether you have time to take something new on gets you thinking about scheduling. How do you know if you have time for something if you don’t know what you are going to be spending the rest of the day working on? And scheduling gets you thinking about estimating how long it will take you to complete something (and learning how good you are at estimating!)
- Thinking about the habits you want to create gets you thinking about your longer term goals, and what you need to do to achieve them. It reminds you that long term goals are made up of small, daily steps that can start today (rather than some ill-defined future that never seems to show up.)
I don’t think I’ve ever said this, but this is a FUN habit-tracking/organization app. That alone is enough to make it valuable, but it is also full-featured and flexible. So check out Habitica on IOS, Android, and web-app.
Could your child use some support and guidance with planning and organization? Call 858.551.2650 or email firstname.lastname@example.org to ask about our "Getting Things Done for students" workshop starting the first week of July!
Got a question? We'd love to hear from you.
Send us a message and we'll respond as soon as possible. | <urn:uuid:487d1f1b-5bdf-49de-983a-33b6027ae572> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wellsacademics.com/habitica-the-gamified-to-do-app/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.949833 | 920 | 1.75 | 2 |
Individual differences |
Methods | Statistics | Clinical | Educational | Industrial | Professional items | World psychology |
Sensory analysis (or sensory evaluation) is a scientific discipline that applies principles of experimental design and statistical analysis to the use of human senses (sight, smell, taste, touch and hearing) for the purposes of evaluating consumer products. The discipline requires panels of human assessors, on whom the products are tested, and recording the responses made by them. By applying statistical techniques to the results it is possible to make inferences and insights about the products under test. Most large consumer goods companies have departments dedicated to sensory analysis.
Sensory analysis can generally be broken down into three sub-sections:
- Effective testing (dealing with objective facts about products)
- Affective testing (dealing with subjective facts such as preferences)
- Perception (the biochemical and psychological aspects of sensation)
Effective testing Edit
This type of testing is concerned with obtaining objective facts about products. This could range from basic discrimination testing (e.g. Do two or more products differ from each other?) to descriptive profiling (e.g. What are the characteristics of two or more products?). The type of panel required for this type of testing would normally be a trained panel.
Affective testing Edit
Otherwise known as consumer testing, this type of testing is concerned with obtaining subjective data, or how well products are likely to be accepted. Usually large (50 or more) panels of untrained personnel are recruited for this type of testing, although smaller focus groups can be utilised to gain insights into products. The range of testing can vary from simple comparative testing (e.g. Which do you prefer, A or B?) to structured questioning regarding the magnitude of acceptance of individual characteristics (e.g. Please rate the "fruity aroma": dislike|neither|like).
Perception involves the biochemical and psychological theories relating to human (and animal) sensations. By understanding the mechanisms involved it may be possible to explain why certain characteristics are preferred over others.
Descriptive analysis involves trained panels (6-30 people) who evaluate products by rating the intensity of various characteristics on a scale. Statistical analyses are applied to look for differences among various products for characteristics of interest.
- Specialized software for sensory evaluation: EyeQuestion, SIMS 2000, Compusense, FIZZ.
- Sensory science Glossary
- ASTM MNL14 The Role of Sensory Analysis in Quality Control, 1992
- fr:Analyse sensorielle
|This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia (view authors).| | <urn:uuid:a11403b4-21ca-4a37-8480-f5df72f5fdc4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://psychology.wikia.com/wiki/Sensory_analysis | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00232-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.895244 | 536 | 3.8125 | 4 |
Supreme court-Its role to save India
Supreme court has warned Sahara group to deposit 40,000 crore or its assets would be sold. Supreme court is playing a major role in Sahara Scam.
Supreme court from time to time has come out as a safeguarding institution in India against scams, corruption and illegal activities.
Who would have taken action against such a strong person. But, our supreme courts is doing it.
2G, Godara or any other event, Supreme court was always there to prove that Justice is available if approached. | <urn:uuid:fc48d1f5-6282-4dcf-9bbf-5453b4f1a801> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.tikshare.com/forum/showPost/1560/Supreme-court-Its-role-to-save-India | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988722951.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183842-00211-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976762 | 114 | 1.515625 | 2 |
A recent study conducted by Longhorn Cattle Company has shocked the world. It has been found that energy drinks contain an ingredient extracted from bull urine and semen. The scientists tested some of the top selling energy drink brands, including Red Bull, Monster etc.
Taurine is the ingredient named after the Latin Taurus, which means bull. Taurine was first isolated from ox bile in 1827 by the Australian scientists Leopold Gmelon and Friedrich Tiedemann. It is classified as an amino acid, but it lacks a carboxyl group. Taurine is normally found in bulls` semen, livers and urine.
Disgusting but true. Taurine is a common ingredient in the energy drinks and it is a byproduct of bull testicles.
In the video below, you will learn how Taurine is extracted from the bulls. The video was created by an employee of the company who provides numerous energy drink companies with this ingredient. This video was accidentally made public, revealing the secret that the company kept for years. Expectedly, the employee was fired for violating company policy. | <urn:uuid:80f54f11-ed33-4558-84a1-4326e6d293a7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.healthyfoodteam.com/did-you-know-your-energy-drinks-contain-bull-urine-semen/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00013-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966735 | 229 | 2.1875 | 2 |
A 100% eco-friendly Christmas
We’ve made up our mind! This year, we’re going to enjoy the festive season in harmony with Mother Nature and local know-how, all without sacrificing pleasure. From a DIY Christmas tree to artisanal decorations and gifts, here are a few ideas to break away from the norm!
To the cedar forest for decoration
The Cedar Forest in Bonnieux is the largest of its kind in Europe! Its majestic trees welcome us on the northern slope of the Luberon massif.
We therefore have a 250-hectare site where we will find a thousand and one materials on the ground (you must not pick anything) during an energising walk to take home to make our Christmas decorations.
Extremely on-trend, homemade items are also just the thing for all the little ornaments in our home sweet home as the festive season approaches. This year, we have decided to create our own Christmas tree and there’s nothing better than a trek into the Cedar Forest to gather pieces of wood of different lengths, pine cones and other fruits from intensely aromatic resinous trees, small red berries (be careful, you can’t eat them!). Set off to explore and find inspiration along the way, admiring the magnificent views from the crests. Here we find a spruce stem, there we gather small pieces of bark from scented tree species… Back at home, we arrange the pieces of wood and tie them together with a nylon thread to form the outline of the tree. Patience and dexterity are required! Then we decorate it with all the little pieces gathered during the walk with the help of a glue stick, and we dress the whole thing with small LED fairy lights (yes, we’re giving up on candles! ).
And there we have it: an original, 100% green tree that takes up very little space and above all is very eco-friendly!
A few gifts made in the Vaucluse
We are counting on the know-how of our Vauclusian artisans to spoil our nearest and dearest. From treasures of the terroir to local and artisanal goods, there is something to suit everyone! Here’s a little list to guide you in your purchases.
Brun de Vian-Tiran fabrics: Shawls, scarves and blankets, all crafted in high-quality fibres (alpaca wool, merino, llama, etc.) offering pure warmth and softness.
Candles: In Roussillon, Il était une flamme offers a whole range of artisanal scented candles. In L’Isle-sur-la Sorgue, the master candlemaker Confidences Provence creates natural GM-free artisanal candles. In Gordes, l’Alchimiste & La Fée produces hand-made scented candles with plant-based soy wax and Grasse fragrances or essential oils. Likewise, 36 Chandelles in Gargas designs healthy candles made solely from plant-based ingredients without pesticides and hand-poured.
Chocolate delights with master chocolate makers: Aline Géhant (Avignon), Castelain (Châteauneuf-du-Pape), Chaloin (Puyméras) and the eco-friendly artisan chocolatier Nacao (Carpentras)
Lavender in every form: find all the 100% natural products derived from lavender (home fragrance, pillow mist, aromatherapy set, candles, etc.) in the Lavender Museum’s shop in Coustellet, the organic family distillery Aroma plantes in Sault and the Agnels distillery in Apt.
Wines and spirits: a land of wine, the Vaucluse offers some of the best crus (Châteauneuf-du-Pape, Séguret, Gigondas, Beaumes-de-Venise, etc.). Also don’t forget pear brandy from the Manguin distillery along with craft beers brewed in the Vaucluse such as Ventoux einkorn beer or lavender beer (St Jean de Sault). The Vaucluse has a host of micro-breweries to discover. And soon we will be able to enjoy Château du Barroux Whisky.
Learn how to make cocktails
To stand out, making your own cocktails is a good idea for the festive season
To help us to get a clearer picture, Fari distillery in Vaison-la-Romaine offers a mixology workshop based on its elixir. Share as a couple or with friends! | <urn:uuid:9a5da6f9-987a-4f93-bf3d-c771bd1ff6a6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.provenceguide.co.uk/tops-in-vaucluse/a-100-eco-friendly-christmas/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.859758 | 985 | 1.640625 | 2 |
If you took a stroll down Main Street last week, Elephant Ear and Lemon Shake-Up in hand, you probably saw the #fwmoa annual Chalk Walk. Let's explore chalk as an artistic medium, in all its forms, in this #arttermtuesday.
All paper is not created equal. Like canvas, paper has had multiple permutations before becoming the material we know and love today. Learn the history of paper and how artists and museum professionals use it today!
An artist walks into a coffee shop and asks for “One medium, please!” The barista gives them a bucket of paint. Not what you expected? We’ve touched on this term in previous posts, so now we're delving into what medium means in an art context.
Paint is paint, right? Apparently, not so much. For years, I’ve read labels next to artwork citing the medium, or material, as “acrylic on canvas”, “tempera on canvas”, or “oil on canvas” without truly distinguishing between them. In this Art Term Tuesday, we dive into the particulars of paint, and why it matters to the artist's message. | <urn:uuid:00827c2c-33f1-4a2e-9b84-a0d18f31f9c5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fwmoa.blog/tag/medium/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00264.warc.gz | en | 0.959019 | 251 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Anastasija Ropa makes some very welcome comments on my chapter on the Galloway nag in “Horses in Premodern European Culture”.
Speculating on the origins of the Galloway horse is a process that is fraught with the issues besetting any contemporary breed enthusiast, since the whole concept of a “breed” is a very modern one and it probably did not cause medieval horse breeders any sleepless nights. A good horse was a good horse, valued for purpose rather than ancestry, and described by gait, or height, or even color or size, but principally by function.
in The Horse in Premodern European Culture, ed. A. Ropa and T. Dawson
What do Fregus, Robert the Bruce, and Shakespeare’s Pistol have in common? These disparate individuals, who are either completely fictional (as Talbot’s characters) or partially fictionalized (Fregus is based on a an actual Scottish ruler, but was turned into the title…
View original post 480 more words | <urn:uuid:2935a213-7283-4c4c-9549-b4523a109dc0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://historyonhorseback.com/2020/03/09/the-best-breed-of-the-north/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.946176 | 220 | 2.5 | 2 |
Public health doctors created vaccination mandates and vaccine passports. Doctors tabled the ideas. Politicians docilely followed doctors’ advice and turned it into policy.
Ideas shaped the policy and policy formed a protest. Public policy made the truckers’ Freedom Convoy a reality. Prime Minister Justin Trudeau’s response turned the protest into a global movement.
The historic events of the last four weeks required more than just public health or politics. They needed public health plus politics, doctors plus politicians, authoritarian thinking plus authoritarian political response.
Public health doctors follow their own ethics, which other doctors find unethical. Public health seeks to do the greatest good for the greatest number of people, while other doctors try to do the greatest good for the individual patient in front of them.
Doctors who treat individual patients focus on patient autonomy and informed consent above all other goals. Autonomy and consent define what morality means in medicine; it’s immoral to treat patients for any other reason than their own good and with their full consent.
Public health doctors ‘treat’ populations and ignore patient autonomy and consent by design: these ideas mean nothing if a vaccine mandate might help the majority. According to public health, we must always do what benefits the majority, even if it causes some harm to a few. Not taking action is itself immoral if action might benefit the whole population.
Friction between public and personal health isn’t new. Evidence and open debate have resolved the tension in the past. Well-known riots about smallpox vaccination stand out as a rare failure, not the norm we should expect.
The truckers’ convoy unified political opposition against the protest. Authoritarians from all political camps wanted action to deal with the protest. Mandates animated the authoritarian left. “Law and order” animated the authoritarian right.
Now that police have cleared the protest, political authoritarians can cheer. No doubt, pundits will remind Canadians that clearing the protest is what most Canadians wanted. Now it’s time to focus on something new.
Indeed, Trudeau’s political survival now depends on him changing the topic. This was easier before social media when legacy media represented an institution that could be influenced and shaped. In that sense, social media is everything legacy media is not.
People will never forget some of the videos they have seen: police horses trampling an elderly Indigenous woman out with her walker; police dressed like soldiers, carrying automatic weapons and marching beside enormous military vehicles; and an officer tackling an old veteran off the National War Memorial and into a snowbank.
One moment can define an event.
We can’t erase public memory: police smashing windows of a parked vehicle, dragging a citizen into the street; police firing a canister at close range aimed at a female journalist, then apparently smashing her with a wooden rod.
These images shape our sense of who we are and where we live.
G.K. Chesterton, essayist and political pundit, said that, regardless of what you believe, belief rests on the same three things for all people: one person, one story, one image.
Freedom protesters in America, France, New Zealand and elsewhere now carry Canadian flags. Wilfrid Laurier, a former Liberal prime minister, might be proud. His anachronism, “Canada is free, and freedom is its nationality,” fits the movement and might reflect Canada again if the movement succeeds.
Trudeau set horrendous precedent by invoking Emergencies Act by Michael Taube
An overextension of government powers that shot an arrow through the heart of our democracy, liberty and freedom
The freedom movement asks for less – less interference by government and fewer mandates from the managerial class.
Public health doctors invented the mandates, but Trudeau put them into action for cross-border travel. Trudeau could have doused the convoy before it got going. He has met with other protesters of other issues but refused to respond to the one he created. He dismissed and delegitimized the Freedom Convoy and turned it into a global movement instead.
If Trudeau were smart, he would celebrate his victory and suspend the act. Then he would show how the science has changed and drop his vaccine travel mandates immediately.
The world is watching Canada. Trudeau needs to separate the dangerous blend of public health and authoritarian politics. Let’s hope it’s not too late.
Shawn Whatley is a physician, past president of the Ontario Medical Association, and a Munk senior fellow at Macdonald-Laurier Institute. He is the author of When Politics Comes Before Patients – Why and How Canadian Medicare is Failing.
© Troy Media
Troy Media is an editorial content provider to media outlets and its own hosted community news outlets across Canada. | <urn:uuid:ee623f0b-f426-45b3-9900-4891a3073d03> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://troymedia.com/health/trudeau-response-to-freedom-convoy-turned-it-into-a-global-movement/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.932708 | 984 | 2.34375 | 2 |
Saturday, 01 March, 2008
Crossing a bridge into the unknown
The ability to excite extreme states of motion such as shock waves in nanomechanical resonators will provide new insights into the interactions between electrons and phonons.
In November 1940, a suspension bridge over the Tacoma Narrows in Washington state in the US began oscillating in gale force winds and eventually collapsed in a spectacular manner. Recently Florian Beil of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich and co-workers in Germany and the US built a bridge that was some two billion times smaller but could oscillate in a more extreme manner without collapsing. Beil and co-workers took their bridge to its mechanical limits and observed clear evidence for shock phenomena in the process. (...)
Reference: "Crossing a bridge into the unknown"
by Charles H. Mielke and Alexander V. Balatsky, nature nanotechnology VOL 3 March 2008 | <urn:uuid:86caf29f-c915-4a40-95f5-679863760a22> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.cens.de/news/archive/archiv-single/browse/5/article/348/crossing-a-b/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718296.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00539-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.944214 | 196 | 2.4375 | 2 |
During Education Portfolio Questions at the Scottish Parliament, Ms Hyslop asked the Cabinet Secretary for Education and Skills, Shirley-Anne Somerville, for more insight into the progress of Holyrood actions on this matter, as set out in the Autism in Schools Action Plan.
Ms Hyslop said: “Early identification can make a world of difference to neurodiverse children and young people, allowing them to access the support they need at an earlier stage.
"The Autism in Schools Action Plan sets out important steps but it is important that these are delivered on the ground in mainstream schools and I was glad to highlight the needs of neurodiverse pupils in Parliament.”
Ms Hyslop also recently visited the Donaldson Trust– the leading charity in Scotland for neurodiversity, which is based in Linlithgow – to hear more about the charity’s work, and what can be done to support neurodiverse young people.
She added: “I have recently met with a number of my constituents, who are neurodiverse, and they provided great insight into the difficulties they have faced in mainstream schools in particular. Small adaptations to school environments and teaching could really improve the experiences of neurodiverse students.” | <urn:uuid:5cee7483-c7f0-46c6-b916-68cf344cfda0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.falkirkherald.co.uk/news/politics/fiona-hyslop-msp-raises-the-need-for-support-for-neurodiverse-pupils-in-parliament-3749336 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.968566 | 257 | 2.390625 | 2 |
Metadata Management is only one of the initiatives of a holistic Data Governance program but this is the only initiative which deals with “Metadata”. Other initiatives such as Master Data Management (MDM) or Data Quality (DQ) deal with the actual “data” stored in various systems.
The Metadata Management mini course is designed to help a data management professional learn the concepts of metadata management and discover how to implement enterprise metadata management in all complex environments. ¹Gartner, Magic Quadrant for Metadata Management Solutions, Guido De Simoni, Mark Beyer, Ankush Jain, Alan Dayley, 11 November 2020 This graphic was published by Gartner, Inc. as part of a larger research document and should be evaluated in the context of the entire document. About the webinar:Metadata management is critical for organizations looking to understand the context, definition and lineage of key data assets. Data models Introduction to metadata management 1. DATA SUPPORT OPEN Training Module 1.4 Introduction to metadata management PwC firms help organisations and individuals create the value they’re looking for.
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Metadata repositories are containers for metadata and are critical for 8 Apr 2020 Metadata Manager (beta) offers a simple way to deposit and update metadata, for both single and multiple deposits. Start from Metadata Metadata management and semantics in microarray repositories. Balkan J Med Genet. 2011 Dec;14(2):49-64. doi: 10.2478/v10034-011-0047-7. Metadata Manager is a web-based repository that offers enhanced capabilities in the areas of data governance, regulatory compliance and metadata The Metadata Management module provides an integrated view of metadata The new PowerDesigner metadata integrator works with Information Steward 27 Jan 2018 If the term “metadata management” makes your eyes cross, you're probably not alone. This term sounds geeky, but it's a critical component of 6 Dec 2019 This schema is implemented in two DBMSs.
Kursnummer: KM625G. Kursens längd: 1 Dag. Pris.
The information about how data is acquired and processed is often as important as the data itself. For this reason metadata management systems are built to
Metadata management aims at correctly defining, integrating, managing, and sharing reliable metadata within an organization 30 Apr 2020 New cloud metadata management service available to discover, understand, and manage data from one interface for data discovery and more. Painlessly source and manage metadata with Alteryx. Our metadata management software provides a single source of truth for all of the data about your data. What is Metadata Management?
Metadata betyder rent språkligt data om data eller information om data. 23081-1 Information and documentation - Records management processes - Metadata
med följande nyckelområden : Metadata , där det ingår att mer känt under det engelska begreppet Digital Rights Management ( DRM ) . Genom att använda viss teknik kan information ( s . k . metadata ) fästas vid en Hi Niklas, great photo! I'm planning on using it in a talk for researchers and higher degree by research students on data management, including data sharing Ultrasound is a data point in your patient care management. opera, operahus, landmärke, hamn, turism The metadata below describe the original scanning. The Blind Date med en bokvisning på Vermillion Public Library innehåller böcker för barn, unga vuxna och vuxna läsare.
Metadata management solutions are the tools that deliver context and insight into data assets stored throughout the enterprise environment. A good metadata strategy makes information searchable, locatable, and easy to manage. This leads to better data governance in the business and new opportunities for enhanced analytics. 2020-07-03
What is metadata management? Metadata management handles organizational use of data that describes additional data.
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Metadata management involves managing metadata about other data, whereby this "other data" is generally referred to as content data.
It provides users with easy access to a unified set of capabilities with no hardware to manage and no software to install.
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The Metadata Management mini course is designed to help a data management professional learn the concepts of metadata management and discover how to implement enterprise metadata management in all complex environments.
9 Jul 2019 The most efficient metadata management platforms in the market are characterized by their ability to provide a user with easy access to Metadata Management. Purpose.
Oracle Enterprise Metadata Management is a metadata management platform that can harvest and catalog metadata from any provider. The product allows for interactive searching and browsing of the metadata as well as providing data lineage, impact analysis, semantic definition, and semantic usage analysis for any metadata asset within the catalog.
About the webinar:Metadata management is critical for organizations looking to understand the context, definition and lineage of key data assets. Data models Active metadata management increases the value organizations can extract from their data. It reduces time spent searching for data, improves data quality, speeds up development and improves communication between business and IT and enables collaboration between all data users Metadata management is about an organization’s management of its data and information assets. Metadata describes the various facets of an information asset that can … 2021-02-18 EWSolutions is the industry leader and innovator in solving and implementing enterprise wide metadata management solutions for your business. Contact Us. EWSolutions: Since 1997 The Industry’s Most Successful Metadata Management Services. Over 100 Successful Metadata Management Client … 2020-09-18 2019-01-11 Metadata management is about an organization’s management of its data and information assets. Metadata describes the various facets of an information asset that can … Enterprise Metadata Management reduces these risks byidentifying affected components.
Poor data quality costs the typical company What is Metadata Management? Metadata management is an end-to-end process and governance framework for creating, controlling, enhancing, defining, and Optimal Data Governance Solutions to metadata management and data lineage implementation to optimize data as a business asset for high-return value. Metadata management is the harvesting and governance of metadata across an enterprise. It can help businesses understand how report figures are calculated. | <urn:uuid:5583293a-3876-48d1-810c-24a867f86825> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://investerarpengarqeuf.firebaseapp.com/20665/80202.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00670.warc.gz | en | 0.754547 | 1,510 | 2.296875 | 2 |
Eighty percent support the proposals - President
[TamilNet, Monday, 11 January 1999, 12:10 GMT]
The Sri Lankan President, Chandrika Bandaranayaike Kumaratunge, while speaking at a rally at Makkunuwewa, in the Hiriyala electorate, yesterday (January 10), said that an ethnic conflict could not be resolved by military means though it is possible to find a military solution to a war.
She said that more than 80 percent of people in the Northeast have expressed their willingness to accept the political proposals put forward by the government, aimed at solving island's ethnic conflict.
The President expressed confidence that before long these people would act to discard the LTTE leader, Prabhakaran, from among them.
She pledged to conduct elections on the due date by in contrast to what happened during the past regime.
The President said that the government allocated funds to the North West Provincial Council through all its budgets, but what happened to these funds was a problem.
She said sufficient development had not taken place in the province.
She added that the matter will be looked into and action taken against those concerned.
She also said information with regard to 2000 people out of a total of around 3000 who disappeared in the North Western Province during the previous period of terror have already been gathered.
The president vowed that those responsible for these disappearances would be dealt with under the law in the near future.
06.01.99 President warns rumour mongers
03.01.99 "Presidentship will be abolished" | <urn:uuid:6c4fa56b-a500-400c-94b0-c828aba07b2b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.tamilnet.com/art.html?catid=13&artid=2655 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280587.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00564-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974148 | 323 | 1.664063 | 2 |
I am in the process of learning and playing around with OF, particularly compute shaders, so am quite unfamiliar and out of my depth here.
At the moment I have an ofBufferObject that stores the 2D position vector of particles and is used in a simple compute shader to compute an updated position of the particles (which is written back to the same buffer object). To draw the particles I have a vertex buffer which is initialized to the aforementioned buffer object.
The issue I am experiencing is that the vbo.draw() function draws both the updated particles as well as the the points in their initial position, but I would like to only draw the particles in their updated position.
My, tbh uneducated, guess is that I somehow store the particles twice in the vertex buffer, once in the initial position and a second time as the updated vector positions. But other than this I have no clue as to why something like this would be happening.
Here is a screenshot as example
Hey @kinneh , are you drawing to the screen, or to an ofFbo? An ofFbo will retain what has been drawn to it previously without an ofClear().
I’m not great with compute and geometry shaders, but there are some projects in the /examples/gl/ folder that use them that could be helpful, along with other examples that use ofVbo and similar classes.
Maybe the updated particles would only be drawn if the ofVbo is sent to the shader with ofVbo::bind() instead of ofVbo::draw(). Also, the textureBufferInstancedExample might be an interesting one to look at; it uses a samplerBuffer in the vertex shader, and an ofBufferObject on the oF side.
Hey @TimChi, thanks for the reply and suggestions.
I’m drawing to the screen, so unfortunately the ofClear() hint didn’t pan out.
I’ve been following Denis Perevalov’s example as well as the /examples/gl/computeShaderParticlesExample setup on github. My code directly copies their suggested setups but for some reason theirs does not exhibit this behaviour.
How would one go about using the Vbo::bind()? The documentation merely states “This is for advanced users who might want to use ways of drawing other than draw()…” which seems promising i.t.o drawing but also got me all flustered since I definitely do not fit the first required condition
In the mean time I’ll dive into the textureBufferInstancedExample as suggested to see if I can get some hints there.
Hey glad to read that you found some example code and Perevalov book. Maybe try vbo.bind() if you haven’t already; I suspect that it will get the vbo data to the shader without rendering them. Other classes in oF have .draw() and .bind(), like an ofTexture for example. Calling .draw() will make the texture accessible in the shader and render it, while calling .bind() will make it accessible without drawing it. | <urn:uuid:dbbf0ae8-03b8-4845-b1a9-a0a604e12ddd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://forum.openframeworks.cc/t/vbo-draw-seems-to-draw-points-twice/40065 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.934331 | 647 | 1.804688 | 2 |
Samba is known worldwide as the “national dance of Brazil”, and Samba music with its electrifying rhythms has become a national symbol. It is true, there is a lot of Samba in Brazil – but there is a lot more music in Brazil than “just” samba. In this young country inhabited by immigrants from all continents, music is the same as its people: diverse, open-minded, creative, experimental and curious and deep inside, it is really the specific mixture of all kinds that is “typical Brazilian”.
This letter from Brazil can only take a subjective point of view. Brazilian music mix is so varied, it is different in any place or state in this huge country. Even if all ingredients together form the mixture, they are not equally distributed over the country’s entire geography. Some styles dominate in one area and are almost unknown in another. Samba, for example, is without doubt popular all over Brazil, but in Rio even more than elsewhere. An objective and complete report would certainly fill a book, not just a letter. Additionally to the geographical influence, observation in this field is certainly personally biased; after all, one hears the music played on the parties one goes to and on the radio channels one tunes into.
One thing that is true in the entire country is that national music is far ahead of international trends in popularity. Being a developing country, Brazil still maintains a mentality of having to follow and try to catch up with first world countries in economical, political and educational issues – which is probably true for many – but when it comes to music and football, most Brazilians are convinced that this is where the world can learn from them.
The viewpoint I take in this letter is from Salvador, Bahia, first capital of Brazil (before Rio de Janeiro and, today, Brasilia), and center of African heritage due to the slave trade in the first centuries of Brazil’s existence as a colony and later independent state. As I mentioned in precious letters, Salvador is so close to the Equator that it does not really have summer and winter, much less spring and autumn. To divide the year into seasons, the temperature is of not much use – it remains relatively stable throughout the year, day and night, and feels pretty much like summer. You can rather divide the year into seasons by the weather (dry and rainy season), or… by music. Right, by music. In most parts of the world, you would not exactly listen to Christmas songs in July, and some radio stations identify “the greatest summer hit” of each year, but apart from that, most songs can be played year round. In Salvador, there is a musical calendar. The year begins officially in the summer, in the run-up to Carnival. The music of Salvador’s Carnival is not so much samba, as in Rio, but Axé: happy, fast-paced, light-hearted music with lyrics easy to remember and to sing along, and a dance that might be described as jumping from one leg on the other and sometimes with both at the same time. When Axé singers like Ivete Sangalo, Claudia Leitte, the bands Chiclete com Banana (translated Bubblegum with Banana) and Asa de Aguia (translated Eagle’s Wing) want to make their audience dance, they shout “Tire o pé do chao” (Take the foot off the floor), and are the first to do it themselves.
After carnival, and after recovering from the carnival hang-over, the next big festival to look forward to is Sao Joao (Saint John’s), officially on June 24th, but actually celebrated for at least a week in most small towns in the state of Bahia and the whole region of North-Eastern Brazil. The music of Sao Joao is Forró. Legend tells the name comes from the Brazilian pronunciation of the English “For All”, which apparently they heard as relieved exclamations from English-speaking immigrants when those finally saw a dance style and rhythm which they found they could accompany: significantly slower than samba and with a basic step “two steps right, two steps left”, Forró is indeed much more student-friendly for beginners than other styles. But as often, the devil is in the detail, so that there is a long way to go for foreigners before they manage the swing of the hips quite the way Brazilians do. Apart from that, Forró developed figures of steps reminding partly of Salsa, partly of Rock’n Roll, which most prefer to watch than to try for themselves. Forró music is kind of the Brazilian equivalent of country music; obligatory equipment for a band are Accordeon, Triangle, and peasant’s hats, and lyrics tell funny or melancholic tales of life in the countryside.
The second half of the musical year in Salvador has its climax in December on the national day of Samba with a traditional parade of – of course – samba bands.
Before, after, in between and during these distinct musical seasons, however, a huge variety of styles of music and dance move Salvador year round. Afro-music influenced by the afro-brazilian religion Candomble and its ceremonies, Samba-reggae and percussion by bands such as Olodum, which became world famous with the video clip they produced with Michael Jackson for his song “They don’t really care about us” in the streets of Salvador’s historical Pelourinho district, and styles originating in Samba, such as Arrocha and Pagode are just a few examples. And if you’re looking for it, of course you’ll find Funk from Rio de Janeiro, Bossa Nova, Tropicalia, Reggae, international music and… and… and…
Therefore, whatever your taste… Salvador will have a music for you, in any season.
With best wishes | <urn:uuid:2327adf2-7803-40cf-8d40-ef30fdc80008> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://lettersfromworld.wordpress.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00096-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962858 | 1,242 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Peter Kreeft brings his unique insights to this most important area of our spiritual lives. He claims he himself is still a beginner in prayer, and this book is for all those, like... Read more
Prayer is for Sinners (as well as Saints)
O sinners, let's go down
Let's go down, come on down
O sinners, let's go down
Down in the river to pray — Hymn "Down To The River To Pray"
"You're all just a bunch of hypocrites!"
So say any number of Internet atheists, ex-Catholics, and perhaps even many practicing Christians. They look at the teachings of the Church, compare them to the actual practice of those Catholics whom they know or who have their sins displayed in the media for whatever reason, and they start comparing and complaining.
As has been explained in these pages before, the faith is better than we are. The Church is holy because of her Head, the Lord Jesus Christ, through whom the rest of the Mystical Body may be sanctified through the power of the Holy Spirit. We are a hospital for sinners, not a hotel for saints — and unfortunately, not everybody takes their meds all the time. We shall always have sinners in the Church, for we exist to be on mission, to evangelize and bring more sinners in.
One way that reality is made manifest every day in the Church is this: Many Catholic prayers can only be honestly prayed by repenting sinners.
Look at the Our Father and the Hail Mary, for instance.
The Our Father is blunt:
... forgive us our trespasses,
as we forgive those who trespass against us,
and lead us not into temptation,
but deliver us from evil.
It doesn't pretend we might have sinned. It doesn't invite us to pray for all those poor benighted pagans, all those sinners out there, those who are not me, those people who don't get it as well as I do.
No. "Forgive us our trespasses." We have trespassed. We have sinned. We did. We who pray this prayer are not the perfect — perfection comes only by acknowledging our own imperfection. We become perfect by confessing our sin, by acknowledging our need for forgiveness, by welcoming the divine life and love into our lives because we don't have it already, because we are not self-sufficient, because we are not God. We are sinners. We are creatures. We are adopted sons in the Son, and we need help.
The Hail Mary is similarly stark:
... Holy Mary, Mother of God,
Pray for us sinners,
Now and at the hour of our death. Amen.
It's a prayer that can't really be prayed by someone who thinks they're perfect, who believes themselves to be without sin. It's a prayer that has enmity to the pride of the devil, a prayer that defies the lies of Satan. It's a prayer that acknowledges that we are sinners. We are beloved children of God the Father and Mary, the human Mother of God, but we are sinners, still, and must run to Our Lady, our mother, our protectress, our friend for intercession at the most important moments in our lives: now and at the hour of death.
That same confession appears again and again throughout Catholic prayer and Liturgy. Look at the Confiteor at the start of Mass!
I confess to almighty God and to you, my brothers and sisters, that I have greatly sinned, in my thoughts and in my words, in what I have done and in what I have failed to do,
And, striking their breast, they say:
through my fault, through my fault, through my most grievous fault;
Then they continue:
therefore I ask blessed Mary ever-Virgin, all the Angels and Saints, and you, my brothers and sisters, to pray for me to the Lord our God.
This is how we begin the highest form of worship: not with confident proclamations of our purity and worth, not with a list of ways in which we have served the Lord faithfully and well, but rather as supplicants, as beggars, as children gathered at the table of their Father, showing him their wounds with trust, crying out their starvation and sickness and death, and asking our older brothers and sisters for help.
Look at the Divine Mercy Chaplet!
Eternal Father, I offer you the Body and Blood, Soul and Divinity of your dearly beloved Son, our Lord Jesus Christ, in atonement for our sins and those of the whole world.
For the sake of his sorrowful passion, have mercy on us and on the whole world.
We who are sinners intercede through our baptismal priesthood, given by the power of the Holy Spirit and the Incarnation of Jesus, for ourselves and the rest of the sinners on the face of the earth. Not "we the perfect," not "we the holy," not "we the better than all of those people," but "we the sinners in the Church" pray for mercy for ourselves and the whole world.
It's like the humility of the sick person, coming to the doctor and asking for a cure. It's the humility of the beggar, acknowledging they need the generosity of another to survive. It's the humility of the saint, acknowledging God's goodness and perfections through praise, confessing their sins, petitioning God for what they need, and thanking God for his many gifts.
It's an acknowledgment of reality, an antidote to hypocrisy, placing ourselves in the power of God through trusting the mercy of God, removing ourselves from service to the devil in our sins and placing ourselves in the hands of Jesus and Mary through our contrition and loving trust. Adam and Eve in their pride placed the blame for their sins elsewhere; their legacy is original sin. The saints in their humble response to divine grace (even if God had to drop a metaphorical 2X4 on their heads for them to get it!) acknowledge their sins and trust in the merciful love of God. Judas committed suicide; Peter trusted in the Lord's forgiveness. Lucifer refused to submit, and fell; Michael proclaimed, "Who is like God? There is none like God!" and became the commander of the heavenly host.
Confess your sins, and all shall be made well. Turn away from them and into the loving arms of Jesus. Repent, believe, be saved. And then continue to trust in God's mercy, even as you walk the rough road to heaven (see Diary of Saint Maria Faustina Kowalska, 153), even as you fall, as you falter, as you get muddy and scratched, as you struggle with the legacy of original sin: disordered desires, a darkened intellect, a weakened will.
Keep going! As we approach God who is Light, who is Good, who is Love, we will see our own flaws all the more clearly, and the devil will attack all the more fiercely. The saints often have greater trials than the unrepentant sinners, for they are going in the right direction and are fiercely opposed. As G.K. Chesterton said, "A dead thing goes with the stream, but only a living thing can go against it."
Yes, it will be difficult, and we will need to persist in spite of our failures. But on the road, there will be light, and sustenance, and food; there will be the truth given through Scripture and tradition, strength from the prayers of the saints and angels, and all that you need in the Most Holy Eucharist. There will be Confession to restore you to life and strength, to forgive your sins and wash your soul clean in the Blood of the Lamb, and the Anointing of the Sick for the final combat. As you travel faithfully, relying on the gracious love of God and knowing your own weaknesses and proneness to sin, you become transformed, and so better able to "Come further up! Come further in!" in the words of C. S. Lewis' The Last Battle.
But never stop praying, even if you sin, even as you sin, always in spite of your sin — never stop praying, for God never stops loving you into existence for a moment, no matter how far you fall. If he ever discarded you, you would cease to exist. He loved us first, loves us now, and will love us forever. He knew all the sins that had been committed or would be committed as he struggled in the Garden of Gethsemane to the point of sweating blood — and still he went forward to Calvary and Crucifixion.
Indeed, only with difficulty does one die for a just person, though perhaps for a good person one might even find courage to die. But God proves his love for us in that while we were still sinners Christ died for us — Romans 5:7-8
He loves us! Oh, how he loves us! So pray, sinners, and become saints of God! Pray, with all the honesty implicit in every prayer: Jesus, I need you. Jesus, I hope in you. Jesus, I trust in you.
Jesus, I have sinned. Come! Make me new. | <urn:uuid:921fe93f-5ab1-4990-b5b2-e8a158ada9c4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.thedivinemercy.org/videos/Prayer-is-for-Sinners-as-well-as-Saints-6358 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280825.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00206-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963784 | 1,925 | 1.671875 | 2 |
OCEAN CITY — A petition drive is underway, led by a grassroots recreational fishermen’s organization based in the resort area, to urge the government to reverse a decades-old moratorium on fishing for striped bass in the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), a 200-mile swath of open ocean just outside the state’s three-mile band closest to the shoreline.
Let Us Fish, a non-profit, locally-originated and Internet-based organization of recreational anglers, and some of their commercial fishing brethren, is seeking the deregulation and opening of the striped bass fishery in the EEZ, a fertile 200-mile area just outside the three-mile limit of state waters. The EEZ has been off limits for striped bass fishing, recreational and commercial alike, for 20 years after a moratorium on the state’s official fish was put in place because of the fragile status of the species’ population.
Over 15 years ago, the species was declared officially restored and the moratorium was lifted in state waters including the Chesapeake Bay, but the fishery remains closed in the EEZ despite overwhelming science that supports reversing the closure. Ironically, the federal Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission (ASMFS) reported in 2009 the Atlantic striped bass population completely restored, while its parent agency, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) has turned a deaf ear on repeated efforts to restore the fishery in the EEZ.
“We are all for regulation and its enforcement,” said Let Us Fish founder and director Colin Campbell of Berlin this week. “However, this three-mile line regulation needs to be revisited. It was created during the Chesapeake’s striped bass moratorium, indeed a time of crisis for the species, but the law should have died though when the species was declared fully recovered.”
In the meantime, recreational and commercial anglers in Ocean City, Maryland’s only Atlantic Ocean port, have not been able to target striped bass in the fertile EEZ despite strong numbers that indicate the species is thriving off the coast of the resort. Instead, they have been relegated to the sidelines of a potentially economic juggernaut of a fishery. Recreational anglers and charter boat captains rarely meet the two fish per angler requirement in the state waters just off the coast, and commercial fishermen almost never meet their quota for the species.
“The three-mile law’s time has passed,” said Campbell. “The population has recovered. We think this is a terrific financial opportunity for Ocean City and the state of Maryland. Charter fishing, tournaments and tourism all could be significantly bolstered by allowing these services to take advantage of going where the fish are, during the fall and winter seasons.”
Let Us Fish has three stated goals, including opening a dialogue with the agencies responsible for closing the EEZ to striped bass fishing, continuing with the current two fish per man recreational quota and discussing size limits and creel limits that make the most sense in terms of conservation, and finally, seeking a more aggressive tagging program with incentives while working with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
Each of the stated goals, if accomplished, would work in concert to ensure the continued health of the species while creating a potentially enormous economic opportunity for the struggling recreational and commercial fishing industry in the resort area. However, the Let Us Fish campaign is not limited to just Maryland and organizers are reaching out to fishing communities from Maine to North Carolina faced with the same oppressive federal limitations.
To that end, Let Us Fish has launched an aggressive petition drive in hopes of mobilizing recreational and commercial anglers up and down the Atlantic coast that are all in the same boat, so to speak. Those interested in joining the campaign can do so at www.LetUsFish.org. | <urn:uuid:73adab93-b6b7-453c-a628-047029fbfe4c> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.mdcoastdispatch.com/2011/03/11/effort-begins-to-open-rock-fishery-off-coast/?cthru&bid=6 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720972.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00252-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957083 | 779 | 2.015625 | 2 |
BBA stands for Bachelors of Business Administration and pursued at the undergraduate level and MBA stands for Masters in Business Administration pursued at postgraduate level. Both these courses land you up with better job opportunities and handsome salary. You can check out both these degrees from the popular business school of ITM.
Masters in Business Administration (MBA) features multiple courses that will land you up with wonderful job opportunities in various fields. Few of the courses offered are Human Resource, Finance, Healthcare Management, Retail Management and many more. You can avail any of these courses from the prestigious educational institute of ITM. They prepare you in the … Read more | <urn:uuid:bc242877-76f2-4066-9aa3-388298fd88bb> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.blurtit.com/u/2952681/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719468.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00528-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.937731 | 130 | 1.695313 | 2 |
It's dinnertime, and your little dog comes running. But when he sees his bowl, he suddenly turns around and walks away. What's the problem? It could very well be the size of his bowl. Many small dogs just don't like eating out of big bowls.
What makes a big bowl so intimidating? Think about it from your little dog's perspective. When he eats out of a big bowl, his entire head has to reach inside and he can't see what's happening beside or behind him, which could be a scary situation. If that's the case, he would rather not eat than feel vulnerable.
Keep your dog's comfort in mind
When choosing a bowl, match the size of the bowl to the size of your dog. Small dog—small bowl. Consider your dog's physical attributes, too. Short-nosed dogs such as the Pug and Shih Tzu will do best eating from a shallower bowl. With a deep bowl, these breeds may have a hard time keeping food from entering their nostrils while they eat.
If your dog is overweight or has a tendency to eat too quickly, resulting in vomiting or belching, consider a bowl with interior obstructions that force him to eat more slowly. You can find these at large pet stores or online.
Mealtime tips for small dogs
To ensure that your small dog always dines in comfort, follow these simple tips:
- Feed him from a small bowl, one that is not too deep and that doesn't require him to put his entire head in it.
- Look for a bowl that's wider at the bottom—it's harder for a dog to tip or knock over. A non-skid bottom is another plus.
- Place your dog's food in a quiet, secure area and make sure he is not disturbed while he eats.
- Try a flat plate or saucer if your dog doesn't like a bowl. This will allow your dog to eat while still being able to use his peripheral vision. | <urn:uuid:771a6ac9-89d9-4a9e-9ddb-2748590a2e04> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.pedigree.com/All-Things-Dog/Article-Library/Small-Dog-vs.-Big-Bowl-.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00034-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.979682 | 414 | 2.078125 | 2 |
27 October 2017
If you add up all the money that national governments have borrowed, it tallies to a hefty $63 trillion.
In an ideal situation, governments are just borrowing this money to cover short-term budget deficits or to finance mission critical projects. However, around the globe, countries have taken to the idea of running constant deficits as the normal course of business, and too much accumulation of debt is not healthy for countries or the global economy as a whole.
The U.S. is a prime example of “debt creep” – the country hasn’t posted an annual budget surplus since 2001, when the federal debt was only $6.9 trillion (54% of GDP). Fast forward to today, and the debt has ballooned to roughly $20 trillion (107% of GDP), which is equal to 31.8% of the world’s sovereign debt nominally.
THE WORLD DEBT LEADERBOARD
In today’s infographic, we look at two major measures: (1) Share of global debt as a percentage, and (2) Debt-to-GDP.
Let’s look at the top five “leaders” in each category, starting with share of global debt on a nominal basis:
Together, just these five countries together hold 66% of the world’s debt in nominal terms – good for a total of $41.6 trillion.
Next, here’s the top five for Debt-to-GDP:
While only Italy and Japan here are considered major economies on a global scale, the high debt levels of countries like Greece or Portugal are also important to monitor.
Greece, for example, is continuing along a particularly unsustainable path – and external creditors are getting stingier. Most recently, both the IMF and Greece’s euro-area creditors have demanded for the country to implement a law that automatically introduces austerity measures if a budget surplus of 3.5% of GDP isn’t hit.
While Greece has dismissed such demands as “unacceptable”, the country – along with many others around the globe – will have to accept that constant debt accumulation has eventual consequences.
The article and diagrammatic presentation of the world debt can be found at http://www.visualcapitalist.com/63-trillion-world-debt-one-visualization/ | <urn:uuid:e387c7be-24a5-46e3-afdb-634f1afe255d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://newsfeed.sovereignwp.com/63-trillion-of-world-debt-in-one-visualization/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00467.warc.gz | en | 0.913973 | 506 | 3.484375 | 3 |
On 31 January 2012 a workshop will be held at King’s College London for GCHQ on the theme, ‘Cyber Security: Lacunae of Strategy’. The UK’s cyber security strategy seems to build upon ideas evident in Foreign Secretary William Hague’s recent speeches. In November 2011 he stated:
Our vision is for the UK in 2015 to derive huge economic and social value from a vibrant, resilient and secure cyberspace, where our actions, guided by our core values of liberty, fairness, transparency and the rule of law, enhance prosperity, national security and a strong society.
UK Cyber Security Strategy: Protecting and Promoting the UK in a Digital World
This suggests the trade-offs any national cybersecurity strategy faces, not least how security policy should not impinge upon democracy, liberty or other ‘core values’. Meanwhile there is a lack of conceptual clarity, with cyber war, crime and security often being used interchangeably, and a recurring difficulty among policymakers of how to conceive of ‘cyberspace’ given its social and technical character.
Ben O’Loughlin and Andrew Hoskins will talk about how strategy can be organized and communicated in these conditions, conditions they have theorized as ‘diffused war’. Other speakers include Thomas Rid, Richard Clayton and Tim Jordan. | <urn:uuid:095f5524-a714-4d8b-a281-1e79ed3cd253> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.newpolcom.rhul.ac.uk/past-events-appearances/2012/1/26/2012-01-31-oloughlin-at-gchq-cyber-security-lacunae-of-strat.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00393-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.909425 | 277 | 1.703125 | 2 |
Materials to ensure health and safety of front-line workers
Bally Ribbon Mills (BRM), an industry leader in the design, development, and manufacture of highly specialized engineered woven fabrics, announces it continues to focus on producing its line of narrow woven structural tapes and elastics, as well as safety webbing, to protect front-line workers responding to the current global health crisis.
BRM’s narrow woven structural tapes and elastics are used by manufacturers of facemasks, face shields, gowns, other personal protective equipment (PPE), and medical patient soft goods, as well as patient slings, wheelchair harnesses, braces, and respiratory equipment. BRM manufactures medical items in a certified clean room to ensure cleanliness and quality while maintaining the rigorous ISO 13485:2016 certification for the design and manufacture of medical devices.
Additionally, BRM’s safety webbing and tapes meet the demands of applications requiring high temperature, fully engineered safety solutions. Made from Nylon, Nomex, Kevlar, Vectran, PBI, Nextel, and other specialty fibers, BRM’s safety webbing is ideal for fire, law enforcement, industrial, military, and PPE. It can be used for shoulder straps, harness webbing, and chin straps, as well as helmet suspension, binding tapes, lap belts, and shock absorbing webbing. The webbing offers conductivity, dimensional stability and strength, and can help to reduce weight and size. It also meets United States (NFPA) requirements for firefighters’ protective clothing and equipment.
BRM works directly with companies and organizations like NASA, Tier 1 Defense suppliers, and the Department of Defense (Army, Air Force), to develop advanced textiles used in PPE, chemically resistant webbing, and safety harnesses. BRM is in accordance with safety standards, specifications and certifications, including ISO9001, AS9100, ISO13485, ISO14000, NFPA, ASTM, ANSI, *UL, and CSA. | <urn:uuid:a6cce811-9632-4b27-bf9a-ef0496dd0b71> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.processwest.ca/products/materials-to-ensure-health-and-safety-of-front-line-workers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.911967 | 422 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Inventive and cultural experiences enrich your life and spark your creativity. The Harvard Graduate Council kicked off Worldwide Week with the inaugural Worldwide Festival, featuring music and dance by multicultural pupil teams. Reykjavik performs host to hundreds of openings, exhibitions, workshops and events spreading throughout town from the harbour to the lava fields surrounding it. Starting with a day of international Design Talks, it showcases the perfect native creative scene, starting from architecture to trend, fonts, furniture and food design.
Dauphine Film Membership (ACD), Dauphine Theater Group (ATD), the Scholar Bureau (BDE), Dauphine Photo Club, Dauphine Culture (a Masters 2- Managing Cultural Institutions affiliation) and l’Oreille de Dauphine Music Club set up occasions all 12 months long. Emirates is the Official Airline of the San Francisco Symphony, an orchestra that has been an integral part of town’s arts and tradition landscape since 1911.
4 Harvard professors have interaction students in a weekly dialogue that looks at wisdom as it pertains to how we experience the world, and the methods we need to have a moral life amid uncertainty. The number of artworks are from Google Arts & Tradition, shared by museums and archives world wide. Google Arts & Tradition has collaborated with over 1,200 international museums, galleries and establishments from 70 countries to make their displays accessible for everyone on-line.
The arts at Miami College did not evolve on a whim – they have been challenged, inspired, modernized, and made more related by every new era of artists. It strengthens a neighborhood’s cultural setting, provides catharsis to its members and viewers and is a protected place for individuals of all ages, cultures and experiences to return collectively and work in direction of a typical purpose.
Harvard Undertaking Researchers Winner and Hetland remarks, The best hope for the arts in our faculty is to justify them by what they will try this other topics cant do as well (Swan-Hudkins, 2003, p. 18). On the one hand, the arts might be understood to imply the themes one can study in school or college which are not scientific, which do not employ scientific methods. | <urn:uuid:97ca43c3-2901-4034-998d-20443e1e6543> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.gf-ad.com/arts-and-culture-msu.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.937417 | 454 | 1.835938 | 2 |
In a series of recent discussions with virtualization and security expert Edward Haletky, it became clear that some education in networking footprints for virtualization data protection is indeed overdue. This is partly a follow-up discussion from the Virtualization Security Roundtable podcast, episode 52, in which Doug Hazelman from Veeam discussed backups and the proliferation of data.
If you haven’t listened to the podcast, it is a good idea to do so. In relation to Veeam’s products, we’ve produced a one page easy-to-read Visio page (click here to download the Visio file) that has the current port assignments for Veeam Backup & Replication v5. The port usage is defined fully in the User Guide, starting in the Used Ports section on page 30. This is shown in the figure below:
This is a good starting point for analyzing the footprint of data for the Veeam Backup and Replication v5 installation, as well as its supporting components. Other pieces, such as Active Directory and DNS are not listed on the diagram; but are nonetheless critical to the overall operation of the solution.
Do you have any comments about this networking information? What types of additional resources would you like to see? Leave a comment below.
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TCP port map for Veeam Backup & Replication v5, 3.8 out of 5 based on 4 ratings
Author: Rick Vanover
Rick Vanover (MVP, vExpert, Cisco Champion) is the director of Technical Product Marketing & Evangelism for Veeam Software based in Columbus, Ohio. Rick’s IT experience includes system administration and IT management; with virtualization being the central theme of his career recently. Follow Rick on Twitter... More | <urn:uuid:25755d40-01ce-4bfb-b24b-9fb4f53343e8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.veeam.com/blog/tcp-port-map-for-veeam-backup-replication-v5.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00394-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.936366 | 369 | 1.5 | 2 |
NWHU: Stay home after being tested for COVID-19
November 24, 2020
Stay home after being tested for COVID-19 Northwestern Health Unit (NWHU) reminds the public to self-isolate after being tested for COVID-19 to prevent the spread of the virus. Anyone with symptoms is encouraged to get
tested, but it is vital that they self-isolate by staying at home and away from others until they receive their results, even if their symptoms improve.
“It is important that anyone who has been tested stays at home and away from other people until their test result is known,” explains Dr. Kit Young Hoon, Medical Officer of Health at NWHU.
COVID-19 can be spread to others even when an infected individual is feeling well, which is why physical distancing remains an important prevention measure. The public is reminded to stay 2 metres away from anyone not within their household and to wear a mask or face covering when distancing is a challenge to prevent the spread of COVID-19.
If you have been notified that you are a close contact of a case, please note that a negative test does not end your isolation period early. | <urn:uuid:4e87ad0d-f80f-4b50-924e-bb20530b5b73> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.rjbroadcasting.com/2020/11/24/nwhu-stay-home-after-being-tested-for-covid-19/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.977826 | 248 | 2.421875 | 2 |
February 3rd, , 50 years ago to the day, jogging was born. Bill Bowerman, the man behind the “Waffle Iron Show,” began preaching this idea he brought. Back in the s, jogging was something only athletes and boxers really Credit for introducing the concept probably goes to Bill Bowerman. More by William J. Bowerman. Jogging. William J. Bowerman. Bill Bowerman’s High-Performance Training for Track and Field. Bill Bowerman, Bill Freeman.
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One person found this helpful. ComiXology Thousands of Digital Comics. Within this video Dr. It is a primary source in that it was part of the influence in the explosion of the poularity of running.
Click here for video. There was no support and they jgging too tight.
Jogging. by William J. Bowerman
Amazon Second Chance Pass it on, trade it in, give it a second life. There was a problem filtering reviews right now. Knight managed the business end of the partnership, while Bowerman experimented with improvements in athletic footwear design. A, Jpgging and C – with “C” being the most difficult I use this loosely.
I used my cycling computer on my bike to measure various points or mailboxes or cracks in the asphalt that were fairly close to m, m and m for my boys. He played in the high school band bowwrman for the state champion football team his junior and senior years. A Memoir by the Creator of Nike. On December 23,the division arrived in Naples, Italy and soon moved north to the mountains of northern Italy.
I’m now 42, probably a little “under fit” than I should be and currently trying to lose pounds. People don’t believe me. For example, week 1 of Workout B is 2×50 meters; then 4xm; then finish with 2x50m. The Oregonianp. According to Otis Davisa student athlete who Bowerman coached at the University of Oregonwho later went on to win two gold medals at the Summer OlympicsBowerman made the first pair of Nike shoes for him, contradicting a claim that they were made for Phil Knight.
Bowerman attended Medford and Seattle schools before returning to Medford for high school. Write a customer review. Retrieved 20 October While Bowerman was experimenting with shoe design, he worked in a small, unventilated space, using glue and solvents with toxic components that caused him severe nerve damage. InBowerman stepped back from day-to-day coaching activities to conduct fundraising for renovating the Bower,an Field grandstands that would be necessary for the consideration kogging hosting the Montreal Olympic Trials.
A biographical filmWithout Limitsabout the relationship between record-breaking distance runner Steve Prefontaine and his coach Bill Bowerman was made inand Bill Bowerman was played by Donald Sutherland.
Jogging Day – The 50th Anniversary
nill Also, Kenny Moore Oregon athlete under Bowerman was at Hayward to make remarks pertaining to the importance of the man who preached jogging and the act of jogging itself. Polina Panfilova marked it as to-read May 16, The story of Americas Greatest Running Legend. First, most of the coaches actually published their real training programs in the books.
Daniel Schmitt, an Evolutionary Anthropologist at Duke University describes the studies relating to humans natural abilities in running. Bowerjan is open to viewing by public. Bowerman’s duty joggign organizing the troops’ supplies and maintaining the mules used to carry the supplies in the mountains. What other items do customers buy after viewing this item? During a trip to New Zealand inBowerman was introduced to the concept of running as a fitness routine, including people of an advanced age, through a running club organized by his friend and coaching colleague Arthur Lydiard.
Due to the popularity of runningHarris and Bowerman published a page book in A Jovging Manuala three-page guide, was published shortly after Bowerman returned from New Zealand. Return to Book Page. Want to Read saving…. He was a member of Beta Theta Pi Fraternity. In addition to these concepts he debates the barefoot running movement that has been debated for the last in recent years.
InBowerman attended the University of Oregon to play football and study journalism. His statueholding a stopwatch, graces the northwest corner of Hayward Fieldhome of the Prefontaine Classic at the University of Oregon. bowermwn
bil, Click here for jogying. Fatima Atta marked it as to-read Dec 14, Shortcut joogging Pages within Archives: Website of a letter: A specific part of the archives that is helpful is the webpage describing the track legacy in Eugene, Oregon. He is writing a journalistic report about finding the Taramuhara tribe with a group of runners and participating in an ultra-marathon race. It describes the natural history and anatomical evidence that inspired Americans to run.
Running Through the Ages. Although the marathon movement is important to the popularity of running, the true value in this book is its discussion of gender, class, and ethnic roles within the running movement.
He also created a running program in Eugene that became a national model for fitness programs.
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Jon Bowerman born June 22, William J. This book was published in and written because James Fixx noticed the phenomenon of running. Page 1 of 1 Start boweerman Page 1 of 1. This classic book is the best way to initiate you or someone you know to the benefits running, written by the famed USA Olympic Track coach from the University of Oregon, Bill Bowerman. | <urn:uuid:619b31fd-5bcf-4ebd-8076-24a5b47ff2e2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://espejadesanmarcelino.net/bill-bowerman-jogging-73/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.958899 | 1,335 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Star Wars: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=71b-WXNtzgY
Blues Brothers Review: http://www.jwpepper.com/sheet-music/media-player.jsp?&type=audio&productID=2473651
Download the attachment below.
The calendar includes performance and rehearsal dates for band and choir. It also includes area high school concerts for you to attend in order to complete your concert review. Double check the high school's website for exact times and locations. Most concerts will take place at 7:00pm. The calendar is located below as an attachment.
1. Listen to recordings of Hadrian's Wall, Into the Storm, and the Tempest. *Links are posted below*
2. Answer the Following Questions in paragraph format. Retype each question (this should be single spaced) and then answer the using at least 6-8 sentences. You may, and are encouraged to, use more.Use musical terminology whenever possible to describe what your are hearing, feeling, etc. Paper should include your name and date in upper right hand corner. THAT IS IT! Please double space your answers and use Times New Roman 12 point font. Your paper should be 2 pages (or more) in length when you are finished.
1. How does Robert W. Smith use percussion in his music? When does he use percussion the most? What
types of percussion are used during certain sections of a piece?
2. How important is rhythm to a Robert W. Smith piece? How is it used?
3. What are 3 compositional techniques present in all three of the pieces you listened to? (What sounds or feels
the same about all of the songs? Think about the form, melody, rhythm, instrumentation, etc.)
4. How will you play Hadrian's Wall differently knowing and understanding the compositional techniques used by
Robert W. Smith in his music? (Or won't you?)
Each of the songs listed below are timeless contributions to the world of Concert Band Literature. Many of the songs are written at a level for advanced high school groups or college level ensembles. It is important for you to be aware of the good music that is available to you as a musician even if we do not play it in class. While something like "Harry's Wondrous World" may be fun to play and enjoyable to listen to, it does not make it a great piece of music. Rhythm complexities, range, beautiful melodies,and intricate chord structure makes the four songs listed below timeless classics.
Choose 2 of the 4 songs listed below.
After you have chosen your two songs, please listen to them in their entirety. I may or may not be able to know if you listened to the entire piece, but I ask you to please take the extra minute or two to listen to the entire piece. You may find that you really enjoy it.
Once you have listed to the songs, you will write a one page response paper for each piece (2 pages total). Each paper must include a 1/2 page description of whether or not you enjoyed the song. If yes, what did you enjoy about it (use musical vocabulary and term discussed in class)? If not, what didn't you like about it, what would you have done differently. If there was something you didn't like, do you think the composer did this on purpose. Was it necessary for the song even though it didn't fit your musical preferences?
The second half of your one page paper for each song will describe the composers use of color, or timbre (pronounced TAM-BER) throughout the piece. Color or timbre is an aspect of sound that has nothing to do with pitch, loudness, or length. It describes the unique sound of an instrument. For example, you would be able to distinguish the difference between a flute and an oboe if played back to back. How does the composer use different instrument groups with in the song? Does it set a particular mood? Does it mark a specific change in the music? Each of these pieces uses timbre in different ways and showcases many different types of timbre. Be sure to identify them in this section of your paper. Please give a detailed response using some of the vocabulary below, if applicable, as a guide.
***Responses are due at the beginning of the final exam period on Wednesday May 26th. Papers should be typed, double spaced and use Times New Roman 12 Point Font. Only put your name in the upper right hand corner of the paper for your heading. NOTHING ELSE! Be sure that each response is at least 1 page in length. If you need to go on to the second or third page to answer the questions completely, please feel free to do so.***
Begin by clicking on the blue "lesson" link the middle of the page.
Pick a Date.
Pick a Time.
Enter your login information.
If a time is not available, I may have a meeting, extra curricular activity, or another lesson already scheduled.
Remember to read the concert review instructions carefully and completely. Please be sure to attach a concert program to your review. | <urn:uuid:358dcf90-31ea-427d-aa2a-cb8c47f08e93> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://sites.google.com/a/lutheranhigh.com/mr-thiel-s-blog/symphonic-band | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00244-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.940853 | 1,075 | 2.0625 | 2 |
A Cornish painter has shared his fears for the future of Cornwall’s wilderness as the consequences of excessive tourism and development gradually encroach on its remaining wild spaces.
Watercolourist Tony Foster has spent much of his artistic career exploring the Earth’s wilderness in a celebration of remote places far from the touch of human society.
However, from the Amazon and Arctic to the Atacama desert and Great Barrier Reef, it has become increasingly obvious that such remote places are harder to find.
As Tony focuses on the Cornish landscapes at his doorstep, he has been struck by both its extraordinary nature, as well as the tragic toll that excessive tourism and development are taking.
Fragile Planet: Watercolour Journeys into Wild Places is Tony’s current exhibition that is showcasing in Royal Cornwall Museum in Truro. It includes 161 paintings of nature found in Cornwall, celebrating the county's wilderness and portraying the landscape's vulnerability.
Tony comments on how the post-pandemic 'stay-cation' movement and rise of social media culture has made Cornwall even more of a 'popular' destination for UK holidaymakers, putting it on the map for those who would typically travel abroad.
He said: “People have been caught by surprise by the interest and speed with which people have fled to Cornwall.
“I don’t want to sound like I want to turn back the clock 200 years, I think there is a need to develop but it must be done properly”.
The influx has led to development decisions that Tony views as short-sighted and lacking in joined-up thinking.
Tony uses both housing development and renewable energy farms as examples of necessary change but with detrimental effects if they are not done appropriately.
While he says he supports building homes for local people, he argues that new housing is already being built with millionaire second homes or AirBnBs in mind.
Tony added: “This ruins the social fabric of a town and it’s not just about the houses, but the facilities and services that must then support these greater numbers of people."
Similarly, Tony said that on a recent hike to the top of Brown Willy on Bodmin Moor, there was no view in any direction that did not have a solar or wind farm.
While he is a strong supporter of renewable energy, he thinks it is “absurd” that our finest wilderness is being used instead of making the most of the enormous sites where supermarkets or warehouses or transit centres already exist.
He comments on the irony of renewable energy being environmentally-friendly but then was being put in locations that impact the natural wilderness.
In other parts of the world, Tony reports that there is a disparaging sense that too much damage has been done and that environmentalists are up against impossibly corrupt, dangerous powers.
Whereas in Cornwall, Tony feels that it is not too late and that there is simply a need to “rebalance” and reflect on the “society we want”.
He comments on the “inventive, fighting spirit” amongst the Cornish populations and how there are many Cornish-based initiatives that can provide hope, including Surfers Against Sewage and Shelter Box.
He said: “We can harness our power as consumers to demand change and apply pressure. The world community can bring about change”.
At Tony's exhibition, there is an interactive installation that encourages each individual to consider one small action that they can do to mitigate the destruction of wild spaces, both locally and overseas. Their entries are collected together on a blossoming tree to visually reflect his belief in the collective power of community and society to protect the environment.
For more news, subscribe here. | <urn:uuid:3d9fc4b5-8246-457e-b061-87efa7c9c04d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cornwalllive.com/news/cornwall-news/cornish-artist-warns-wilderness-under-5999941 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00679.warc.gz | en | 0.965132 | 770 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Pfizer’s COVID-19 vaccine received full FDA approval. Here’s what that means.
More than eight months after authorizing Pfizer’s COVID-19 vaccine for emergency use, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has now fully approved the vaccine for people 16 and older.
What does that mean?
It depends on your perspective.
For those who’ve already received the Pfizer vaccine, the Aug. 23, 2021, announcement doesn’t really change anything. “It basically confirms what we already knew — that those who were vaccinated did the right thing,” said Ashley Lipps, MD, an infectious diseases physician and assistant professor at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center.
For those who’ve been hesitant to get vaccinated, the full approval should help put those fears to rest. In December 2020, the FDA authorized the emergency use of COVID-19 vaccines using a process it deploys in situations when there are no adequate, approved and available alternatives.
The emergency use authorization, or EUA, was based on safety data gathered over two months from participants who were vaccinated in clinical trials, Lipps said. The full approval takes into account more than six months of participant monitoring. It also comes after more than 170 million people nationally have been vaccinated, 92 million of whom received the Pfizer vaccine.
“The FDA announcement of full approval for the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine is a momentous development in our fight against vaccine hesitancy and vaccine refusal, which are prolonging the pandemic,” said Iahn Gonsenhauser, MD, chief quality and patient safety officer at the Ohio State Wexner Medical Center. “Millions of Americans have voiced safety concerns and the lack of full FDA approval as a reason for waiting to be vaccinated. The additional safety monitoring required to designate a fully approved vaccine is now complete, and the FDA observed all protocols without any shortcuts. We are eager to see this group of cautious but responsible citizens pursue their own immunization and move us one step closer to ending the pandemic.”
In a June 2021 poll, the Kaiser Family Foundation found that three in 10 unvaccinated adults said they’d be more likely to receive a COVID-19 vaccine if one were to receive full FDA approval.
For companies and organizations looking to mandate COVID-19 vaccines, the FDA approval could be game changing. The Pentagon announced it would be moving forward with plans to require active-duty troops to be vaccinated, and more businesses, schools and local governments are expected to follow suit with mandates. “Not that they couldn’t have done this under the EUA,” Lipps said, “but it’s easier and more compelling based on the full approval.”
For those who received the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine, a full FDA approval is likely forthcoming, Lipps said. Pfizer was the first to apply for FDA approval, a month ahead of Moderna. Johnson & Johnson has yet to submit its application for full approval of its one-dose shot.
For Pfizer, FDA approval means the company can now advertise its vaccine. It will be marketed as Comirnaty (koe-mir’-na-tee), a name you’ll likely be hearing on TV in the weeks and months to come. | <urn:uuid:0405b116-39b4-4841-b93a-478c6b581e9c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wexnermedical.osu.edu/blog/pfizer-fda-approval | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.963304 | 708 | 2.359375 | 2 |
Presented in this document are requirements for design, inspection, and certification of ground-based pressure vessels and pressurized systems (PV/S) owned and/or operated by JSC and of all PV/S used on JSC property. JSC organizations must implement these requirements on PV/S for which they have the responsibility.
This applies to all PV/S used on JSC property.
Comments and questions concerning this document should be directed to the JSC Pressure Systems Manager, mail code NS2, member of the Safety and Test Operations Division....
This Specification covers dimensions and marking requirements for API Master thread gauges. Additional product threads and thread gauges as well as instruments and methods for the inspection of threads for line pipe, round thread casing, buttress casing, and extreme-line casing connections are included. It is applicable when so stipulated in the API standard governing the product.
This manual describes the inspection, evaluation, and repair of hydraulic steel structures,
including preinspection identification of critical locations (such as fracture critical members and various
connections) that require close examination. Nondestructive testing techniques that may be used during
periodic inspections or detailed structural inspections are discussed. Guidance is provided on material
testing to determine the chemistry, strength, ductility, hardness, and toughness of the base and weld metal....
Bài giảng Kiểm nghiệm thú sản (Veterinary Inspection): Chương 1 gồm có những nội dung chính sau: Khái niệm môn học Kiểm nghiệm thú sản, mục đích – ý nghĩa, lịch sử phát triển môn học, quan hệ với các môn học khác, hệ thống tổ chức công tác kiểm soát vệ sinh thú y ở Việt Nam, tiêu chuẩn - nhiệm vụ - quyền hạn kiểm dịch viên động vật. Mời tham khảo.
Non-destructive testing of steel forgings: Part 1 - Magnetic particle inspection (BS EN 10228 1:1999) describes the method and acceptance criteria to be used for the magnetic particle inspection of forgings manufactured from ferromagnetic materials. The method described is used for the detection of surface discontinuities.
Today, the ultrasonic signal is being used for predicting material behavior,
characterizing (detecting internal anomalies in) a variety of engineering structures,
as well as for inspecting human body parts like tumors, bones, and unborn fetuses.
Because of the ever-increasing popularity of the ultrasonic techniques in a wide
range of applications, this technology has received a lot of attention from the
research community. This book presents some new developments in ultrasonic
research for material and structure inspection. Application areas cover both
engineering and biological materials....
Guidance Notes on inspection thorough examination and testing of Lifting Appliances and Lifting Gea issued free of charge and can be obtained from offices of the Occupational Safety and Health Branch, may be freely reproduced except for advertising, endorsement or commercial purposes.
This engineer manual (EM) describes the inspection, evaluation, and repair of hydraulic steel structures, including preinspection identification of critical locations (such as fracture critical members and various connections) that require close examination. Nondestructive testing techniques that may be used during periodic
inspections or detailed structural inspections are discussed. Guidance is provided on material testing to determine the chemistry, strength, ductility, hardness, and toughness of the base and weld metal....
Slide Bài tập tuần 4: Phân tích yêu cầu phần mềm - Nhóm 3 trình bày một số nội dung về Requirements verification và Requirements validation, Simple check, Prototyping, Functional test design, User manual development, Reviews and Inspections, Fagan inspection. Mời các bạn cùng tham khảo.
This manual covers the various types of auxiliary power generating systems used on military installations. It provides data for the major components of these generating systems; such as, prime movers, generators, and switchgear. It includes operation of the auxiliary generating system components and the routine maintenance which should be performed on these components. It also describes the functional relationship of these components and the supporting equipment within the complete system.
Bridge Construction Inspection
48.1 48.2 48.3 48.4 Introduction Inspection Objectives and Responsibilities
Objectives • Responsibilities of the Inspector
Concrete • Reinforcement • Structural Steel
Layout and Grades • Concrete Pour • Reinforcement Placing • Welding of Structural Steel • HighStrength Bolts
Foundation • Concrete Columns and Pile Shaft • Abutment and Wingwalls • Superstructure
California Department of Transportation
The Adaptive Security Algorithm (ASA), used by the PIX Firewall for stateful application inspection,
ensures the secure use of applications and services. Some applications require special handling by the
PIX Firewall application inspection function. Applications that require special application inspection
functions are those that embed IP addressing information in the user data packet or open secondary
channels on dynamically assigned ports.
Broadly defined, an audit is a systematic review of operations and practices
to ensure that relevant requirements are met.Traditionally, the term audit is
associated with principles of accounting. Because of this,many people perceive
a safety audit as an Internal Revenue Service (IRS) procedure or a financial
accounting procedure. Indeed, the safety audit may apply similar methodolo-
gies used in financial audits to mitigate safety risks within any facility or opera-
tion. A sound business enterprise must check its safety practices as carefully as
its accounting records. | <urn:uuid:26b2cac8-0c4e-4600-a28b-bb564eacddcb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://tailieu.vn/tag/inspection.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00193-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.871728 | 1,408 | 1.671875 | 2 |
The March King Comes to L.A.
October 25, 2009 | 2:00 am
The hall, later known as Philharmonic Auditorium, at 5th and Olive.
Oct. 26, 1909, a Times review.
|Oct. 25, 1909: John Philip Sousa and his band arrive for a weeklong engagement in Los Angeles. The Sousa band was composed of first-rate players and their skill comes through even on early, primitive recordings. |
Notice the variety of the selections. Of course, there are Sousa’s marches, but he has also programmed Rachmaninoff, Goldmark, Tchaikovsky, Mendelssohn, Smetana, Bizet and Chabrier. Sousa is also preparing for production of his new opera, “The Glassblowers.” And he's brought his family along. | <urn:uuid:3b7045b6-1089-4654-a33e-7f2cc8bcae62> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/thedailymirror/2009/10/the-march-king-comes-to-la.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00504-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.979636 | 187 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Debugging a process crash is a challenging activity. Although you know the exception type, the exceptions error message and you know the method that it is being thrown from, you still can’t find out why the exception is being thrown. It is especially complicated when the error is happening randomly and you cannot reproduce it.
A method for getting to the exceptions root cause is to use Debug Diagnostic to create a dump when that exception happens within a specific process. I will show how to setup Debug Diagnostic to catch a Win32Exceptions from within a W3WP worker process.
I wrote a simple website that throws a Win32Exception. The code is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1, Throwing a Win32Excpetion from an ASPX page
I then take this example program and place it on an IIS7/8 server. I make sure that the program can run and creates the W3WP worker process that I want to configure Debug Diagnostic to monitor. Figure 2 shows the Task Manager window containing the W3WP work process running the application pool Win32Exception.
Figure 2, Task Manager showing W3WP worker process running the Win32Exception application pool.
Next, open Debug Diagnostic and follow these steps:
- Select Rule Type: Crash
- Select Target Type: A specific IIS web application pool
- Select Target: <TheApplicationPool>
- Advanced Configuration -> Advanced Settings -> Exceptions…
- First chance Exception Configuration -> Add Exception
- Exception Name: CLR (.NET) 4.0 Exception
- .NET Exception Type: System.ComponentModel.Win32Exception
- Action Type: Full Userdump
- Add Rule Name and Userdump location
- Activate the rule
Select the Rule Type, as shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3, Debug Diagnostic – Select Role Type
Select “A specific IIS web application pool” as shown in Figure 4.
Figure 4, Debug Diagnostic – Select a Target Type of A specific IIS web application pool
Select the target application pool. In the example, I have created a website and application pool called Win32Exception. Figure 5 shows the selection.
Figure 5, Debug Diagnostic – Select Target
Configure the exception. Leave all the default setting on the Advanced Configuration window as that are. In the Advanced Settings group box select the Exceptions… button -> then the Add Exception… button. Select the CLR version you are using, in this example I am using .NET 4.0 and therefore select “CLR (.NET) 4.0 Exception”. If you are using .NET 2.0 then you should select the 1.0 – 3.5 Exception value.
Once selected a “.NET Exception Type” text box is displayed for you to place the name of the exception you with to monitor for. As you recall, I am trying to capture a Win32Exception that is occurring within my Win32Exception application pool. Note that the value is
case sensitive. To be sure I get it correct; I place my mouse over the exception in Visual Studio to get the description and case, as shown in Figure 6.
Figure 6, System.ComponentModel.Win32Excpetion description and case
You can also access the description on MSDN here.
This will show you the correct name, syntax and description. Lastly, select “Full Userdump” from the Action Type dropdown and leave the Action Limit as 1. The final result is shown in Figure 7.
Figure 7, Debug Diagnostic – Configure the Exception
Lastly, name the rule, select where you want the memory dump to be stored and activate the rule.
When I ran the test application that throws the Win32Exception, the Debug Diagnostic Tool resembles Figure 8.
Figure 8, Debug Diagnostic – Rules tab
Now you have a memory dump of the W3WP work process with the Win32Exception application pool. You can now use either the Advanced Analysis tab within the Debug Diagnostic tool or WinDbg to search and find the cause of the exception.
The result will show you the specific method which is throwing the exception. I would then proceed to look at the methods used within the failing method and find which one is capable of throwing the exception.
Check the parameters of the method and make sure your logic prevents it from receiving values that cause the exception. | <urn:uuid:e3049f32-b407-47c0-8313-557a8256b8a2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/benjaminperkins/2014/04/01/configure-debug-diagnostic-2-0-to-create-a-memory-dump-when-a-specific-exception-is-thrown/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00302-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.830048 | 908 | 2.03125 | 2 |
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The stigma of hearing aids
If you wear glasses there is no stigma. You put them on and say “Wow now I can see!” but hearing aids can’t be that effective and in many cases you still hear poorly even with the aid.
I have been examining the issue of why there is a stigma attached to wearing hearing aids. For me it probably stemmed from my childhood. There was a deaf school just one bus stop from my own school and therefore there were many deaf children who caught the same bus. We used to look at them. They signed instead of talking, or if they talked they sounded funny. Wrongly, I assumed deaf meant dumb – with dumb in this instance meaning stupid! In fact the Deaf Society building in our city has engraved on it in stone “Deaf and Dumb Society”. So I guess it is little wonder that I misunderstood what the word Dumb meant.
Research shows that women, and especially younger women, attach a greater stigma to wearing hearing aids than men. A study on indigenous Australian children revealed they had more negative view of a peer with a hearing aid. However, things are changing, it’s cool to have something on your ear – Bluetooth.
Here are some of the reasons why people attach a stigma to wearing hearing aids.
• Very few people are truly satisfied with their hearing aids.
• They feel wearing an aid is something to be ashamed of because they are seen as different. Being the only one with hearing aids.
• Hearing loss means many people lose confidence. When you don’t hear properly you often make mistakes in conversation and so deaf/wearing hearing aids is equated with being stupid. People who cannot hear experience, anger, defeat, depression, isolation, anxiety, frustration.
• Most people lose hearing gradually and are in denial that they have a loss (people mumble, walk away, don’t look at me)
• They make me look older or handicapped. It’s all in the perception. Grandma wore a hearing aid, grandma was old, I’m not old so I can’t wear a hearing aid.
• Getting a hearing aid signifies age and therefore makes us seem less attractive or smart.
• A hearing aid used to prompt uneasiness to anyone who saw it. So it’s as much the hearing person’s issue as the deaf person’s. The hearing person is afraid and doesn’t know how to communicate.
The only shame is missing out on sounds in life. Hearing aids have improved. They give better sound quality and can be tailored to meet a specific hearing loss type.
BHI Why Delay a Solution
http://www.betterhearing.org/hearing_solutions/delaySolution.cfm Accessed 14/2/08
Stigma disappearing from wearing a hearing aid http://www.4hearingloss.com/archives/2005/05/stigma_disappea.html Accessed 14/2/08
Overcoming the stigma of hearing aids
http://www.hearingproductsreport.com/issues/articles/2002-03_02.asp Accessed 14/2/08
Wireless Hearing Interfaces
http://www.hearinglossweb.com/tech/ha/conv/wrls/wrls.htm Accessed 14/2/08
Working Through The Stigma
http://www.hearingproductsreport.com/issues/articles/2006-08_01.asp Accessed 14/2/08
The hearing aid effect
http://www.atypon-link.com/AAP/doi/abs/10.1375/audi.28.2.55 Accessed 14/2/08
Hearing aid evolution
http://www.tampabay.com/news/health/article525436.ece Accessed 30/5/08
Content copyright © 2015 by Felicity Bleckly. All rights reserved.
This content was written by Felicity Bleckly. If you wish to use this content in any manner, you need written permission. Contact Felicity Bleckly for details.
Website copyright © 2016 Minerva WebWorks LLC. All rights reserved. | <urn:uuid:de585e75-64e1-480c-89cd-9bfb6a252b75> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.bellaonline.com/articles/art37345.asp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719566.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00262-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.928924 | 919 | 1.625 | 2 |
Why the Apple Ebook Verdict Could Make You Love Libraries Again
Apple has been found guilty of conspiring with book publishers to fix ebook prices in an effort to challenge Amazon’s dominance.
Claiming that the decision will have a “chilling effect” on how companies make deals for digital media including music and movies as well as books, Apple insists that it has done nothing wrong.
The decision is not likely to translate into any concrete changes for consumers, at least in the immediate future.
If anything, the lawsuit has rather laid bare the greed of the publishers and the extent to which their “paranoia about ebook piracy has given vast power to the online sellers,” as Dan Gillmor writes in the Guardian.
Both Amazon and Apple have instituted “draconian DRM (digital rights management)” that can restrict what devices an ebook can be displayed on; such rules can make one feel something like nostalgia for books that can pass through many pairs of hands until their pages fall out.
The central issue in the Department of Justice’s antitrust suit was how the prices of ebooks are set.
Before Apple decided to enter the market, publishers followed the wholesale model for selling paper books. Under this, retailers (i.e., Amazon) pay a set wholesale price and then sell the ebooks at whatever price they choose. A mega-retailer (i.e., Amazon) has accordingly been able to offer bestsellers at very low prices ($9.99).
Publishers have been none too happy about Amazon offering such low prices and being able to, in effect, monopolize the online book market. Small wonder (from a business, and a profit, perspective), that publishers wanted to sell books via another model, one that Apple then introduced.
Under Apple’s “agency” model, publishers were to be able to decide on the retail price of an ebook and collect a percentage of the sales. They would therefore retain more control over prices.
As emails of meetings with publishers reveal, Apple not only colluded with them to set prices. It also had publishers agree that they would not sell ebooks to retailers who would price them lower than the publishers wanted to. Such an arrangement could effectively shut out Amazon from offering hundreds of titles unless it too raised its prices.
A glance at Manhattan Judge Denise Cote’s ruling(.pdf), which quotes extensively from testimony and from Apple executives’ emails (especially that of Steve Jobs), paints a not very pretty picture about the extent to which Apple and the publishers banded together to eliminate any retail competition for ebooks.
Jobs knew very well that Apple’s entering the ebook market at the time the iPad was introduced would push prices up; he was equally aware of publishers being displeased at Amazon’s low prices. Judge Cote noted how Apple “convinced” one publisher, Random House, to acquiesce to its pricing preferences:
In an email to Jobs, [Apple executive Eddy] Cue attributed Random House’s capitulation in part to “the fact that I prevented an app from Random House from going live in the app store this week.
The antitrust suit, one of the biggest that U.S. federal authorities has ever brought, reveals Apple to be more of a bully (and a greedy one at that) than its image as that friendly company offering smart solutions for our every activities, the New York Times observes.
Judge Cote has ordered another hearing to determine damages. Five of the publishers who had been named as defendants in the original antitrust suit have already settled with the DOJ; Apple remains defiant and is planning to appeal.
But a consumer may well be left wondering what all the fuss has really amounted to. Prices on ebooks on Amazon have for the most part continued to rise and consumers have no choice but to abide by the limitations on what sort of device an ebook can be read that are laid down by Apple and Amazon.
The disputes about ebooks and the selling of digital media are not at all over, either.
All the more reason that readers may find cause to refresh their acquaintance with not only books but with libraries whose content can be borrowed by many, for an umpteen amount of times. After all, do we really need need to get ecopies of every single book as soon as they are published?
Photo via JoeInQueens/Flickr | <urn:uuid:1f44df14-dcf8-4b29-9d58-1625334a6794> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.care2.com/causes/why-the-apple-ebook-verdict-could-make-you-love-libraries-again.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00154-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962527 | 911 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Increased funding for Alzheimer’s research is desperately needed
By Congressman Alcee L. Hastings
Upon seeing a pink ribbon, the average American will easily be reminded of the tragic toll taken by breast cancer and the critical need for supporting breast cancer research. The same can be said for blue ribbons and the fight against prostate cancer. Alzheimer’s also has a symbol, the purple ribbon, but when compared to cancer and other serious illnesses, the disease receives only a fraction of the research funding. As our population ages and the number of Americans afflicted by Alzheimer’s grows, we must prioritize the funding of new research. By making these investments now, we will be able to provide better treatment and save countless lives in the future.
There are currently 5.3 million Americans living with Alzheimer’s. Every 67 seconds another American will be diagnosed with the disease. It is estimated that over the next 35 years, the number of Americans living with Alzheimer’s will climb drastically: the Alzheimer’s Association reports that more than 28 million baby boomers will develop the disease, already the most expensive long-term illness in America.
Alzheimer’s already claims more than 80,000 lives per year, making it the sixth leading cause of death in America. Perhaps more frightening than the number of lives that it claims is the manner in which it claims them. Alzheimer’s is a progressive disease that causes brain deterioration and memory loss, leading to the loss of the ability to perform the simplest tasks. Even worse, it eventually results in the loss of its victim’s memories and an inability to recognize family members.
The Alzheimer’s Association recently reported that Americans provided nearly 18 billion hours of unpaid care to people with Alzheimer’s and other dementias in 2014. Many family members of Alzheimer’s patients are forced to leave their jobs in order to provide care a-round the clock.
In 2015, the cost of care alone is estimated to total $226 billion, with half of the cost being paid by Medicare. By 2050, that figure is expected to balloon to over $1.1 trillion – including a five-fold increase in both Medicare and Medicaid spending and out-of-pocket spending.
Congress allocates over five billion dollars annually on cancer research to the National Institutes of Health (NIH). It has also provided over one billion dollars for heart disease research and more than $3 billion for HIV/AIDS research. This research and focus has led to real results: the mortality rate from heart disease, cancer, and stroke has decreased in recent years.
In comparison, a mere $500 million is spent on Alzheimer’s research, despite the fact that the past decade has seen a 70 percent increase in deaths due to Alzheimer’s. It is clear that we must do more to stave off this looming health care crisis and find better methods of early detection and treatment.
We have already taken the first steps towards the goal of effectively combating Alzheimer’s. In 2012, the National Plan to Address Alzheimer’s Disease was established, creating the first integrated plan to address and overcome Alzheimer’s in our country. By coordinating research with the goal of improving methods for early diagnosis and providing effective treatment by 2025, this plan has already led to significant progress in the advancement of Alzheimer’s research. However, funding to reach this goal remains disproportionately low compared with the challenges we face, and Congress must provide extra resources for research.
As a member of the Congressional Task Force on Alzheimer’s Disease, I continue to advocate for an increased focus on Alzheimer’s research. Despite the significant challenges that this disease poses to our nation, I am confident that with the proper resources we can stop it in its tracks. I will continue to do all that I can to see this goal met and give it the attention that it deserves.
Congressman Alcee L. Hastings represents Florida’s 20th district, and serves as a Senior Member of the House Rules Committee, Ranking Democratic Member of the U.S. Helsinki Commission, and Co-Chairman of the Florida delegation. | <urn:uuid:b67cf231-d4df-45b0-b7d8-475069d0be2f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://thewestsidegazette.com/increased-funding-for-alzheimers-research-is-desperately-needed/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00062-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947641 | 847 | 2.578125 | 3 |
This post is really for all my non-PA readers. And by “non-PAs,” I mean “old people.”
With a sample size verging on the thousands, I’ve come to the conclusion that there is a clear generational divide amongst people who borrow others’ computers. When the borrower is under the age of, say, 35, they will almost always open a new window or tab.
Over that age, they don’t seem to even know what a tab is. They’ll just start typing in whatever window you left open. If you’re lucky, when they’re done, they’ll just walk away, and you can back the page up. If not, they’ll close the window, along with the eleventy other tabs you had open.
(Actually, if you’re really lucky, they won’t know what Firefox is, and they’ll open Internet Explorer.)
What I’m saying to all you people who grew up with manual (no longer “standard”) transmissions and rotary phones and, I dunno, abacuses, here’s what you do when you borrow someone else’s computer: OPEN A NEW WINDOW.
It’s easy; just hit ctrl-N (-N on Apples). If you can’t figure that out, pull down the File menu (it’s in the upper-left) and select “New Window.”
Not doing that is the equivalent of walking up to someone’s desk and throwing everything to the floor.
But, old dogs, new tricks, etc, etc. I’ve gotten into the habit of creating a new window whenever anyone sits at my desk. It minimizes the damage they can do. Unless, of course, someone has taught them -Q on a Mac. | <urn:uuid:70751ef6-e5bb-40eb-a9a4-874475bf862c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.anonymousproductionassistant.com/2010/10/28/neither-a-borrower-nor-a-lender-be/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.900567 | 405 | 1.8125 | 2 |
21. Jesus Appears to His Friends (from The Passion of Christ: A Gay Vision) by Douglas Blanchard (Collection of Bill Carpenter)
“And he said to them, ‘Why are you troubled, and why do questionings rise in your hearts? See my hands and my feet, that it is I myself; handle me, and see.’” -- Luke 24:38-39 (RSV)
[Note: This month I am posting new text on the resurrection images from “The Passion of Christ: A Gay Vision” by Douglas Blanchard.]
Friends react with joy -- and some doubt -- to the return of the risen Christ in “Jesus Appears to His Friends.” Jesus allows himself to be embraced and examined by his diverse friendship group. He gets hugs from his Beloved Disciple and an elderly woman with a cane as a young black woman smiles beside him. Meanwhile a bald skeptic in a suit inspects his wounded wrist. Other disciples watch from behind. The red gash in Jesus’ side stands out against his handsome physique. The same room is pictured in Blanchard’s Last Supper, but here the mood is transformed from a dark-toned goodbye to a happy hello lit up with lavender and with warm flesh tones. Misty moonlight pours in from the back window in the shape of an ascending dove, hinting at the presence of the Holy Spirit.
As usual in Blanchard’s series, Jesus attracts a surprisingly varied group. The imagery and title emphasize that the people around Jesus were his friends, not just his disciples. As he told them at the Last Supper, “No longer do I call you servants, for the servant does not know what his master is doing; but I have called you friends, for all that I have heard from my Father I have made known to you.” (John 15:15) Some of the faces are familiar from previous paintings: The young black woman looks like Mary Magdalene in “Jesus Appears to Mary.” The same Beloved Disciple wrapped a loving arm around Jesus in “The Last Supper.”
Blanchard’s progressive politics are evident in the way that Jesus focuses on those who are gay, black and disabled, while ignoring the old white guy. It’s almost humorous how everyone else is delighted to see Jesus, while the pragmatist in the tie and glasses is busy fact-checking. But Jesus doesn’t push him away. The Doubting Thomas figure is welcome to check the wounds scientifically. Many people, queer or otherwise, share the skeptic’s desire to make decisions based on direct experience and not get caught up in all the hoopla about Jesus. Thomas provides a positive role model of someone who is not going to fall for any religious trickery -- and yet Jesus still welcomes him into his circle of friends.
The painting belongs to Bill Carpenter of Soulforce, a civil-rights group that works to free LGBT people from religious and political oppression. He picked out the painting when Blanchard’s Passion series was displayed at the 2007 National Festival of Progressive Spiritual Art in Taos, New Mexico. Carpenter was there to teach nonviolence resistance in preparation for anti-LGBT attacks which fortunately did not materialize.
He explains why he selected this painting from the series of 24 panels: “I chose ‘Jesus Appears To His Friends’ because, through it, I connected with the humanity of Jesus…He had friends! And, because Doug showed Jesus’ friends as a beautifully diverse collection of humanity…just like our world…and I felt that Jesus truly welcomed each and every soul into his world…with no qualification or judgment and I wanted to be reminded of that potential within me.”
The painting fits into the long artistic tradition of Doubting Thomas, a common subject at least since the sixth century. Formally known as the Incredulity of St. Thomas, the scene has been painted by famous artists from Caravaggio to Georges Roualt. The Bible says that the disciple Thomas rejected reports from others who saw the risen Christ. “Unless I see in his hands the print of the nails, and place my finger in the mark of the nails, and place my hand in his side, I will not believe,” he insisted. His doubt turned to faith when Jesus returned and invited him to do just that. Modern dress and a contemporary cast of characters bring Blanchard’s version alive. LGBT people may appreciate the same-sex affection depicted between Jesus and the Beloved Disciple, which is Blanchard’s new contribution to the standard repertoire of Doubting Thomas iconography.
“The doors were shut, but Jesus came and stood among them, and said, ‘Peace be with you.’ Then he said to Thomas, ‘Put your finger here, and see my hands; and put out your hand, and place it in my side; do not be faithless, but believing.’” -- John 20:26-27 (RSV)
Jesus’ friends were hiding together, afraid of the authorities who killed their beloved leader. The doors were shut, but somehow Jesus got inside and stood among them. They couldn’t believe it! He urged them to touch him, and even invited them to inspect the wounds from his crucifixion. As they felt his warm skin, their doubts and fears turned into joy. Jesus liked touch. He often touched people in order to heal them, and he let people touch him. He defied taboos and allowed himself to be touched by women and people with diseases. He understood human sexuality, befriending prostitutes and other sexual outcasts. LGBT sometimes hide themselves in closets of shame, but Jesus wasn’t like that. He was pleased with own human body, even after it was wounded.
Jesus, can I really touch you?
This is part of a series based on “The Passion of Christ: A Gay Vision,” a set of 24 paintings by Douglas Blanchard, with text by Kittredge Cherry. For the whole series, click here.
Scripture quotations are from Revised Standard Version of the Bible, copyright © 1946, 1952, and 1971 National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved. | <urn:uuid:ee151605-ebbc-47a3-a455-e4a7472ae8d1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://jesusinlove.blogspot.com/2012/05/jesus-appears-to-his-friends-gay.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00389-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969294 | 1,326 | 1.976563 | 2 |
Various artifacts found at
the Jaketown Site, including clay pipes, red jasper beads,
plummets, and projectile points. (Plummets are polished stone
artifacts that have many conjectured uses, possibly ceremonial
From the National Historic Landmarks Survey collection
From the National Register collection
Two prominent flat-topped rectangular mounds are present at the
Jaketown site. Mound B, the largest, measures about 150 by 200
feet at its base and is 23 feet high. On its eastern side, a projecting
bulge marks a ramp once used as a stairway. Mound C, northwest
of B, is about 15 feet high. While neither mound has been excavated,
distinctively styled pottery fragments found in the surrounding
area indicate that the mounds are probably Mississippian period
earthworks, dating to between1100 and 1500 A.D. Both mounds presumably
had ceremonial temples or elite residences on their summits.
Numerous smaller mounds at the Jaketown site, some of which may
have dated to the Late Archaic/Poverty Point period (1500 to 1000
B.C.), have been destroyed by plowing and highway construction.
The two remaining large mounds described above are owned and protected
by the state of Mississippi.
The Jaketown Site is located on the west side of State Hwy.
7, about four miles north of Belzoni, Mississippi. There are no
on-site visitor accommodations, and the mounds are covered with
dense underbrush. For safety, the mounds should be viewed from
the highway only. | <urn:uuid:1ad2a95d-241b-4694-b484-9d0c263599e7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/mounds/Jak.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279933.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00123-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942215 | 342 | 3.34375 | 3 |
Outsourcing may face the organization with a range of benefits and problems. Cost reduction
Cost reduction has been the predominant motive for outsourcing (Ford et al., 1993), the decision taking the form of a make-or-buy decision that was largely addressed through accounting information. While outsourcing contracts commonly target a minimum of 15 percent cost saving and sometimes 20-25 percent (Lankford and Parsa, 1999) failure to achieve anticipated cost improvements is a frequently occurring aspect of outsourcing (Cross, 1999; Darling, 1999). The level of achieved saving may average 9 percent, although a large proportion of outsourcing clients may only break even or even find their costs increase (Embleton and Wright, 1998). Ketler and Walstrom (1993) provide further evidence for the underachievement of cost reduction targets, finding that initial vendor bills were usually 20 percent higher than anticipated due to a low vendor estimate and/or honest misunderstanding of the contract. On occasion in-house supply can provide lower costs (D’Aveni and Ravenscraft, 1994). Large organizations may find prospective suppliers unable to match their own internal economies of scale and many specialist suppliers may have an effective scale that is no greater than that of their customers (Alexander and Young, 1996). Even if outside suppliers possess greater efficiency, cost savings may not be obtainable when a few vendors dominate a specialized market (Greer et al., 1999). While outside supply can reduce cost, there are examples of organizations, such as Harley Davidson, that have reduced cost by reinstating in-house supply (The Economist, 1991). To achieve reduced cost while maintaining standards requires that the supplier has access to superior cost drivers, such as economies of scale, learning and low cost locations. However account also has to be taken of transaction costs, the costs of search, negotiation and contract enforcement, which may be greater for highly differentiated services and components. In addition there is the need to ensure that, following outsourcing, the outsourced activity’s associated overhead is reduced (Bettis et al., 1992). Consideration also needs to be given to the longer term effects of developments in the supply market, the implications of any increase in monopoly power and the developing knowledge possessed by successful bidders that may be used in future negotiation. Access to superior quality
In principle outsourcing can provide access to “best in the world” quality for particular activities or components (Quinn et al., 1990). However, in the absence of fully developed service level monitoring the development of quality may on occasion be illusory. On occasion organizations may experience a lowering of service standards requiring the service to be redeveloped in-house. Jennings (1996) cites the case of building society security services being repeatedly returned to in-house supply following disappointment with the standard of successive external providers. The use of external supply can also imply a reduction in the opportunities with which to achieve differentiation through the use of more widely available activities and components (Alexander and Young, 1996). Flexibility
Outsourcing presents organizations with the opportunity to avoid the constraints of their own productive capacity in meeting changes in the volume of sales. In situations where the pattern of sales displays seasonal or cyclical characteristics the penalties of under used in-house capacity may be avoided. However care has to be taken in ensuring that a viable supply base is maintained that is capable of meeting peak levels of demand. The adoption of lean supply by Boeing has at times resulted in the company being unable to meet cyclical increases in the demand for aircraft. Lacking sufficient in-house production capacity the company has found that attempts to increase capacity have resulted in... | <urn:uuid:826a882b-33cf-469c-9edc-6cd3de2eff25> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.studymode.com/essays/Automotive-Industry-And-Competitive-Advantage-248138.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00277-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951839 | 732 | 2.15625 | 2 |
What's Hot This Week!
Betsy DeVos - President Donald Trump's pick for secretary of education - has no experience with public schools. She's never worked as an educator or in a public school in any capacity. She didn't attend public schools, and did not send her children to public schools.
Instead, she has spent her career working to undermine public education. DeVos has lobbied and bankrolled failed schemes like vouchers, which take money away from public schools to fund private schools at taxpayers' expense and with little to no accountability. By nominating Betsy DeVos, the incoming Trump administration is demonstrating it does not share our vision of public education and what works best for students, parents, and communities.
The Committee’s vote on her nomination has now been delayed until January 31. Contact your senators now and urge them to oppose the DeVos nomination.
The National Education Association believes that every child deserves a quality public education. Their opportunity to succeed should never depend on winning a charter school lottery or getting accepted by a private school. We support smart strategies that we know help to improve the success of all our students, including creating more opportunities and equity for students, classes small enough for one-on-one attention, modern textbooks and a well-rounded curriculum for every student.
Tell your senators that we need an experienced, qualified secretary of education who actually wants to strengthen and improve all public schools. Contact your senators now, and tell them to vote NO on Betsy DeVos. | <urn:uuid:1c00664a-3f57-49c4-9c2d-a88007078ad8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://edadvocacy.nea.org/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00483-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97246 | 296 | 1.789063 | 2 |
(Last Updated on : 08/12/2012)
Red Soil in India comprises of more drainage properties than other types of soils as it is formed of clay, created by wearing and tearing of limestone and formed by the breakdown of igneous rocks and metamorphic rocks. When limestone erodes, the clay enclosed within the rocks remains intact with other forms of non-soluble materials. In oxidizing conditions, rust or iron oxide develops in the clay, when the soil is present above the water table giving the soil a characteristic red colour. Red soil in India lacks nitrogenous material, phosphoric acid, organic matter and is rich in iron. Some of the major crops grown in the red soil in India include groundnut, millets
, potato, sugarcane
Features of Red Soil
Red soils are formed as a result of the draining down of old crystalline rock, less clayey and sandier in nature. This is having a rich content of iron plus small humus content. The content of essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus and lime is very less in red soils. Slightly acidic, it is incapable of retain moisture. It is due to the presence of iron oxide deposits, that red soils get the unique red tint and are comparatively infertile because of lime deficiency and soluble salt content.
Red Soil in India is alternatively known as Yellow Soil. The presence of a good concentration of iron oxide is responsible for giving this soil its yellowish or reddish shade. Heavily leached, it consists of a considerable concentration of iron oxides similar to Laterite soil in India. Comparatively, Red Soils are less clayey and sandier. Moreover, Red soils are formed in those areas which receive significantly low rainfall and therefore are less leached in comparison to the Laterite soil in India
. Further, red or yellow soils build up generally on metamorphic rocks. These soils are acidic in nature and this is one similarity between laterite soils and red soils. Red soils are not able to preserve moisture and hence, crops are cultivated mostly during the rainy season. In order to get higher yield in this type of soil, constant application of manures is very vital. Red soils mostly develop in the Great Indian Peninsular Plateau
. Interestingly, in the valleys and lowlands, Red Soils are deep and very fertile. On the other hand, at the hill slopes, they are mostly poor and thin.
Distribution of Red Soil in India
Red Soil in India is largely available in the Deccan Plateau
. It is mainly seen in the district of Periyar and Salem
in the state of Tamil Nadu
. In India, red soil is also found in several other regions including Madhya Pradesh
, Andhra Pradesh
, Southern Karnataka
, Eastern Rajasthan
, West Bengal
and other states of North-East . A glimpse over the country's map will make one scrutinise that the north-western portions of the peninsular block is covered by black soil while the rest south-eastern half is covered by red soil of various shades of yellow and red. Red soils have matured on older crystalline rocks, under deep and rational rainfall conditions. They basically surround the whole black soil region on all sides, and cover the eastern part of the peninsula, comprising Chota Nagpur Plateau
, eastern regions of Madhya Pradesh
, Telangana, Tamil Nadu
plateau and Nilgiri Hills
They are found to continue northwards in the west, along the Konkan Coast
state. They also develop in the Eastern Ghats mountain range in India
plateau and Bihar
plateau. Red soils are also found in the state of Manipur and Mizoram
. Red soils are loamy in profound depressions and they also consist of an exceedingly crude material in uplands. Reds soil function well with irrigation waters and dosage of fertilisers.
Types of Red Soil in India
There are few particular types of red soils which are clays. These types of red clayey soils are used in ceramic projects, either mixed with other materials or alone. Suitability for building and ceramics relies on soil composition. Red clay soils have been used historically in the preparation of building materials like bricks. Red Soil in India is extremely absorbent, deep and fine grained. Apples tend to grow well on Indian red soil. | <urn:uuid:0925606f-22e4-44e2-a7ef-9301de556007> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.indianetzone.com/24/red_soil.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00309-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945449 | 901 | 3.734375 | 4 |
Jul 6 ~ 12
Helping others does not always earn kudos or appreciation. Sometimes people even think is as a given. However, you should do the best you can, and then move on. Try to understand what those others are going through, be flexible and don’t judge them based on your own feelings. Just do your best, as you usually do, and that will be all that’s expected on the long run.
Needs of your friends and family are on the forefront during this period. Although their wishes are not very big, catering to them will still take your time. That’s way it’s important to organize your time properly. At your work, you should be ready to take the initiative. The braver and outgoing stance you take, the more satisfied you will be with the end results.
Do you want to avoid disappointments? In that case, you should not try to please everyone! It’s a fact that you can take care better of some matters if you postpone them to next week. Thinking of alternative ways to approach a problem could have a big impact on results and time you spend. But do not forget to pay attention to your social life regardless of hoe busy you are at work.
Matters related to money and finances could sometimes be tiresome. In any case, however, you need a long-term plan. A thought of getting a partner in business could be attractive, but you should never forget to take care of your own benefits. People respond better when they feel important and appreciated. Forgetting this is a guarantee that you will be disappointed at some point.
Risks regarding your job you have been afraid of will not necessarily become true, but nevertheless, some smaller conflicts could be in the horizon. The best way ahead is to stick with your original plan. You could encounter some impatient people, and that would require you to use your skills in negotiations. Explaining everything in a calm manner could do the trick.
By throwing old ideas out of your mind allows you to make space for new thinking. Many things will become clear when you combine lessons from your experience to those of others. It’s clear that you have not used your charms and abilities to the fullest to advance your career towards your goals. Some small change in your appearance could also give your cause a boost.
If you are longing for a quiet period in your life, you could be in for a disappointment. People who at first looked to you dull and boring could prove to be just the opposite. There are some who seems to be lost, and you can show them a way ahead. This weekend you could be surprised by a spontaneous beach party that some of your friends suddenly decide to organize.
To have something to go wrong or that you have to change something are two different things. Being flexible just now is the key to your future success. When it comes to romance and matters of heart, it’s best to let events to take their course and not to push in any way. Your willingness and ability to change your mind in small matters is a good way to limit your stress levels.
You have many interests, and you are not hiding it. You probably know it, but many people appreciate a little more reserved attitude, and you should work on tuning your enthusiasm down at times, or at least learn not to show it so much. Stress at your work often has a negative impact on your love life. You should tell this to your lover. Being more open could help you both.
Human relationships could be confusing. Here’s one special relationship that has given you much to think about, but now you can look forward for everything to become clear. A secret is likely come to your knowledge this weekend that surprises but does not shock you. That will also give you an answer to some questions, and at the same time, awakens an old dream.
Sharing a secret wish with someone special could cause a surprising reaction, but you should not worry, as some people are looking more for an explanation than a solution. You must be firm but honest in this situation. Some people and situations you found desirable before, might not be suitable for your needs any more. That’s why you must be ready for new plans.
People who can’t make up their mind could be irritate you, especially when you are busy, but that should not stop you on your tracks. There could be changes in the way you work. You can finally look forward to figuring out a way to avoid people who simply drive you up the wall, the types who always want to make everything too difficult and use that as an excuse to do nothing. | <urn:uuid:25945100-b988-4a13-8733-60ecba83c6e6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.okinawanderer.com/2017/07/horoscope-201/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00671.warc.gz | en | 0.969769 | 1,012 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Posted: 10/04/2016 at 09:35
Tetley - it takes two to make an agreement. If a country wants to trade with the EU it has to abide by their rules whether it is part of the EU or not.
The Schengen area is a group of countries within Europe who have agreed to have unrestricted travel within those countries for its Nationals. The UK has chosen not to be part of that area and we control our own borders.
Part of the price Norway pay for their trade agreement with the EU is that they have to be part of the Schengen area of unrestricted travel. This is the same for any European country wanting to trade on equal terms with the EU. They also have to share similar employment law.
Another consequence of the trade agreement with the EU is that Norway is subject to 21% of EU laws, but have no voting rights.
As it appears that the two of the big complaints in the UK about the EU are to do with unrestricted travel within the EU, despite the UK not being in Schengen, and also a lack of power when EU laws are being made, I really can't see how a trade agreement would improve things.
Yes, back in the old days we manufactured more of our own stuff - the cotton you worked with was grown in India and other countries and we brought it here to turn into clothes etc. Now India keeps it's cotton and makes the goods themselves, at far lower cost than workers in the UK would accept. If the UK bought cotton and made clothes here I doubt if you and I could afford them.
Mrs T was happy to get rid of our manufacturing industries as she wanted to remove the power of the unions - she believed the UK could exist on money made by the Service Industries e.g. banking and insurance. What she didn't realise was that they don't make money, they just move it about and charge for doing so. They get rich but the rest of us don't. Remember she talked about the Trickle Down Economy - well, money doesn't 'trickle down' - sticky fingers put it in off-shore accounts in order to avoid the tax that should be contributing to this country's well-being. Unfortunately the Blair government was so enamoured of the financial sector that he carried on where she left off.
Also back in the old days Australia, New Zealand and Canada produced far more food than they could consume - now their populations are growing and they have far less to export. Also, have you any idea how much it costs to transport food from Australia and New Zealand to the UK, compared with putting it in a lorry and coming through the Channel Tunnel or on a Cross Channel ferry?
You can't turn the clock back ... it doesn't work. | <urn:uuid:f1bff005-d492-49b1-89fb-9a0c1d8daa7e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.gardenersworld.com/members/dovefromabove/chat/page/489/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00490-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.980703 | 567 | 2.03125 | 2 |
What is CART?
Over 30 million Americans have significant hearing loss. While the use of sign language is common, many people who are deaf or hard of hearing rely on English to communicate. The development of broadcast captioning opened the world of television news and entertainment to people who are deaf or hard of hearing. But that new technology was left behind in their living rooms when they ventured out into their communities.
Now there is realtime Internet captioning to take communication access wherever it is needed. Communication Access Realtime Translation [CART] providers offer realtime captioning at events like religious services, conventions, business meetings, public hearings, or in classrooms.
Trained as stenographic reporters, CART providers are able to type the words of a sermon, seminar, testimony or lecture on steno machines. The stenographic notes are translated instantly into word-for-word text on a computer screen and then simultaneously streamed seamlessly over the Internet to the consumer’s computer screen.
CART not only allows people with hearing loss to understand what is being said, but also to understand the interaction within an environment, such as a question from a student to a professor or jokes or environmental sounds such as cell phones ringing and laughter at the back of the room. This allows the individual who is deaf or hard of hearing to be an active participant rather than just a silent observer.
Where can CART be provided?
Anywhere! Truly, imagine it – anywhere. Captions Unlimited and its team of writers around the nation provide on-site CART and captioning for all environments. We also provide CART and captioning services remotely, through the Internet, in any location around the world. If we can hear the content, and there is an Internet connection, our CART system will work seamlessly in any venue. We have captioned to places as far away as India, China, Istanbul and Russia.
Remote CART: It’s Easy!
There are three essential items that help provide for a successful remote experience.
After the event is scheduled, the student clicks on an Internet hyperlink and is directed to a website where the text will be streamed simultaneously with the words spoken. The audio is sent in many different ways. Each classroom is different depending on size and configuration of the room. Audio can be sent over a telephone, utilizing a telephone coupler and a PA system or wireless microphone. Audio can also be sent over the Internet using Internet telephony. Simply download Skype, Yahoo or AOL Instant Messenger or Google Talk and plug an FM System into the computer. An Internet telephone call is made to the captioner. The captioner listens to the audio over the Internet while simultaneously streaming the words he/she hears back over the Internet to the student’s computer. A transcript is then available for download within 24 hours.
Captions Unlimited brings the concept of broadcast captioning to the Internet world by seamlessly integrating realtime text with other streaming media. We have perfected the concept of captioning live at a convention or seminar session and then streaming the same text out onto the web simultaneously. We are also experts at sending text to an encoder to your on-site facility and stream that same content simultaneously to the web.
Audio and video presentations featuring live news events, seminars, conventions, shareholder meetings, broadcast interviews, legislative meetings and the like are becoming ever more feasible over the Internet with today’s lower bandwidth capabilities. Many organizations utilize this service so that members who otherwise could not attend in person can benefit from the information being presented. You can now meet ADA requirements by providing access to persons with disabilities. Transcripts are available for archiving and searching.
Streaming text can be performed live or after the fact. Set up a demo today and see this marvelous technology come to life for you and your organization. A demonstration of our captioning service can be set up in minutes via the Internet.
We can turn your transcripts into captioned files quickly and economically. We can also transcribe your audio/video and provide a transcript and/or caption file.
Whether you need captions for your YouTube video, a Microsoft Word transcript, or both a transcript and a caption file, our price is the same whether you need one file type or multiple file types.
24-hour turnaround services are available.
Many television producers use our timestamped transcripts as a tool to expedite their editing process. For example, they can shoot three hours of footage and use our timestamped transcript to find the video timecodes. This allows them to quickly search video clips and create a half-hour show. | <urn:uuid:e92ef5d1-c563-45e8-972b-6731368a24ce> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://captionsunlimited.com/services/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.921972 | 953 | 2.203125 | 2 |
The storm brought down power lines across the region and a number of properties in County Durham remain without power.
Declaring a major incident means that the partner organisations of the Local Resilience Forum (LRF) have escalated the issue in order to be in a position to provide additional support to those who are affected by a loss of power.
Chief Superintendent Richie Allen, Chair of the SCG, said: “We are working closely with all of our partners, including Northern Powergrid, to ensure that supplies are restored as soon as possible, particularly for those who are vulnerable.
“It’s just two months since many communities were left without power as a result of Storm Arwen, so we understand that residents will be anxious to ensure their supplies are quickly restored.”
In addition to power outages, officers have also been dealing with fallen trees, blocked roads and damage to properties.
They will continue to monitor the situation over the coming day to ensure people and their property remain safe and vital transport links remain open.
Cllr Amanda Hopgood, Leader of Durham County Council, said: “We would like to reassure residents that our staff are on hand to offer support to those affected by Storm Malik.
“Multi-agency partners have been working tirelessly over the day in local communities to clear blocked roads and footpaths, to clear debris and to keep our roads open. I also know many councillors are also working in their local communities and I would like to say a huge thank you to everyone involved.”
Anyone who is aware of an older or vulnerable person who needs help, can contact a customer services team on 03000 26 0000.
For information on current power cuts visit https://www.northernpowergrid.com/power-cuts and If someone is without power and is vulnerable, call 105.
Additional contact numbers are available for residents with a hearing or speech impairment. Full details are available at https://www.northernpowergrid.com/contact | <urn:uuid:f3c5aff3-812a-4a83-bff1-997cb276e507> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hartlepoolmail.co.uk/news/major-incident-declared-in-county-durham-as-storm-malik-batters-region-3547316 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00676.warc.gz | en | 0.966532 | 410 | 1.554688 | 2 |
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All service data herein © The United Way of Lake County | <urn:uuid:3ceea16e-8256-4d93-a99b-337900894daa> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.findhelplakecounty.org/index.php?option=com_cpx&task=services.tree&code=L | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00032-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.915731 | 390 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Welfare Reform in Washington State. Policy/Program Implementation and Evaluation. The Federal MANDATE (1996)
Welfare Reform in Washington State
Policy/Program Implementation and Evaluation
WorkFirst in Washington State (1997)
Time Limits: Under WorkFirst, TANF benefits were time-limited for five cumulative years. Medical benefits and food stamps remained entitlements.
Work Requirements: WorkFirst clients had to work. Clients who did not meet work requirements would have their benefits reduced. To help them meet work requirements, clients had to participate in subsidized or unsubsidized employment, job search workshops, on-the-job training, pre-employment training, job-related training, or community service.
Parents of children under the age of three months were exempt from work requirements, as were clients who could not find childcare for children under six.
WorkFirst also provided language instruction for clients with limited English language skills, tuition assistance to low-income working families, and specialized programs for clients who would have the most difficult time transitioning from welfare to work. In addition, WorkFirst provided cash, food stamp, and medical assistance to legal immigrants.
WorkFirst provided subsidized childcare to low-income working families. It also provided assistance with medical costs, while clients were receiving welfare benefits and for up to one year after benefits ended.
Transitional Medicaid remained an entitlement and was provided to families whose income precluded them from receiving TANF.
Food stamps also continued as a federal entitlement, though eligibility requirements changed. Single adults from 18 to 50 without children were limited to 3 months of food stamps in a 36-month period—coverage that could be extended in some situations.
In addition, the State aggressively pursued child support from non-custodial parents, with benefits sanctions.
InputsActivities/Outputs Intermediate Outcomes End Outcomes
Strategy 1: Improve Hard Skills of
Clients to Reflect Hiring Needs of the
-Increase % of clients with adequate hard skills
for standard employment
-Increase % of clients completed continuing ed
for high-wage career advancement
Strategy 2: Improve the Soft Skills of Clients to Aid in Job Placement and Retention
-Increase % of clients with appropriate soft skills
Strategy 3: Reduce Substance Abuse and Mental Health Barriers
-Decrease % of clients with substance abuse
-Decrease % of clients with mental health
Strategy 4: Enhance Access to Day Care
-Decrease % of clients without day care access
Strategy 5: Enhance Access to Transportation
-Decrease % of clients without transportation
Strategy 6: Decrease Barriers Presented by Physical Disability
-Increase % of employers offering “integrative”
workplace for people with disabilities
-Decrease % of clients with physical disability
# jobs created in economy annually; % jobs
created with self-sufficient income potential
Outputs for Strategy 1
-# of clients trained for standard employment
-# of clients trained or completing degree in high-wage employment area
Activities for Strategy 1
-- # of training courses held
-- # training methodologies developed
--# employer surveys completed
--# training promotional kits deployed
--# career counseling sessions provided
-# employers offering continuing education assistance
Increase Self-Sufficiency in the Community through Increased Employment
-Decrease in Welfare
Ratio of $paid to #clients
-# unemployment rate total; # unemployment rate for clients
-% of community achieving a self-sufficient wage; % of clients achieving self-sufficient wage
Analyzing Washington State's Welfare Program Design, WorkFirst
Dan Axelsen, ERS Group &
Hal W. Snarr, North Carolina State A & T
[Public] welfare was reformed through the Personal Responsibility and Work Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) in 1996. PRWORA modified the primary objectives of welfare by placing more emphasis on work experience accumulation and less on human capital accumulation. Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) was designed to meet this primary objective. Washington State’s TANF program, WorkFirst, utilizes a progressive system of programs (components) aimed at reducing welfare dependency through labor force participation. WorkFirst components have a variety of objectives including skills training, temporary subsidized employment, and mentoring.
On July 1, 1997 the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program replaced the federal entitlement program, Aid for Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) in Washington State. TANF provides temporary cash assistance and job training to low-income families with dependent children. Each State is allowed to tailor their welfare program design to the specific needs of their clients.
In August 1997, the State of Washington created WorkFirst as its welfare program designed under TANF. The WorkFirst design discourages welfare dependency through the promotion of labor force participation and sanctions for non-compliance. Programs (components) under WorkFirst provide individuals with mentors, educational opportunities, and paid work experience
CONCLUSIONS AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS | <urn:uuid:eef00345-b0e5-4ba7-8be1-d3fc4b7faf26> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.slideserve.com/gotzon/welfare-reform-in-washington-state | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00435-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.934601 | 1,040 | 2.140625 | 2 |
You will have all seen the press coverage self-driving cars have received during the last couple of years. While Google might have pioneered the technology, hundreds of companies have now jumped on the bandwagon. Do we really need self-driving cars though? What are the benefits of letting a computer determine how fast you travel and which routes you take? That is what we wanted to find out. The buzz surrounding self-driving cars is immense. So, surely there are some amazing benefits, right?
- Fewer accidents
One of the main reasons companies are interested in self-driving vehicles is they are predicted to cause fewer accidents. Sure, there will be computer problems from time to time, but most people will be a lot safer on the roads. When there is heavy traffic, a self-driving car will know which speed is most appropriate. It will also know what distance to leave between vehicles on the road. It is expected that motorists will still have to wear a seat belt though.
- Better navigation
People using self-driving cars will never have to worry about getting lost again. They will all contain cutting-edge built-in satellite navigational systems. Most of them will be far more reliable than anything you can purchase today. Not only will your car know where to go, but it will also work out the best routes based on current traffic and road works information. You will never have an excuse for turning up late to work again.
- Less strain on the environment
Self-driving cars will use less petrol and diesel than the model you drive today. That is because they will travel at optimum speeds. Also, traffic will move more steadily, and that means less stopping and starting. Electric cars are popular at the moment, and so we hope to see that technology incorporated into any future designs. Electric self-driving cars are the next step on the evolutionary ladder.
- Cheaper prices
There is no getting away from the fact that self-driving vehicles are going to be very expensive when they are first released onto the public markets. However, manufacturers and designers are working around the clock to drive costs down. Once they have been available for a few years, it is expected that you will have no trouble picking up used models from the likes of Merchants Auto. You might not have enough cash in the bank to catch the first wave, but the models will become much cheaper as time progresses.
- Increased durability
Your car will drive in the most sensible manner possible, and that means it should stay in good working order much longer than standard models. The decreased likelihood of a crash will also help to extend the lifespan of your vehicle.
Now you know about the main benefits of self-driving cars, we hope you will feel a little more excited about the prospect of owning one in the future. Experts say our roads will be filled with them by the year 2025, but the first models could roll off production lines much sooner.
Lead image from Ed and Eddie.
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Roddy Lumsden (1966-2020) was a widely acclaimed and innovative poet – and left his mark on a generation of upcoming UK poets, including Sarah Howe, Kayo Chingonyi and Ahren Warner. Roddy was a poet of rare quality who offered his time to supporting and encouraging the work of emerging poets, through his editorial insights, his fostering of a poetic community, and willingness to champion newer voices.
As someone who benefited from such generosity earlier in his writing life, poet Niall Campbell aims to honour Roddy’s legacy through the spirit of advocating for a new generation of writers. Building on Roddy’s guidance over the last two decades, the mentorship scheme seeks to develop and showcase new voices in the Scottish literary scene. Four poets will each receive 4 one hour mentoring sessions with award-winning poet Niall Campbell over a 10 month period.
Niall Campbell says:
What an exciting moment for this project. The first mentees are here and every bit as wonderful as expected. I think there’s something particularly in tune with Roddy’s sensibilities that those selected for this first year have such contrasting voices. Charles Lang, from Glasgow’s Castlemilk, powers his lines with the strength and flavour of his dialect; Tim Tim Cheng brings the political and personal to poetry about Hong Kong and Edinburgh; Lynn Valentine waves the lyrical flag for the weathered, wind-swept highlands; Patrick Romero McCafferty writes the wonderful cadences of his dual heritages of Scotland and Latin America. Different voices and different interests but, as Roddy knew well, with such things, poetic vibrancy unites them.
…is a poet and a teacher from Hong Kong, currently reading the MSc in Creative Writing at the University of Edinburgh. She was awarded the William Hunter Sharpe Memorial Scholarship. Her poems are published or forthcoming in Berfrois, diode, The Margins, ANMLY, Cicada Magazine, Oxford Brookes Poetry Centre Weekly Poem, Cordite Poetry Review, Ricepaper, among others. She is working on chapbooks which explore Hong Kong from various angles, as well as desire and rituals through the lens of tattooing. timtimcheng.com
A Sample Poem
Big ferns fan and quicken. The air
by their yellow edges hisses:
Lichen, lichen, lichen, lichen! Climb these
branches like lizards.
Headlong into the fog, runners spiral,
imprint, shoe by shoe,
scales on the bruised heaths, which say
old bones, old bones,
the wild ridges in shadow, old bones;
your feet, compromised
by the creamy soil. Breath by breath,
in the depth of lungs. The gusts,
at the border of our skin,
document the coming and going—
myriad chroma shifts.
Patrick Romero McCafferty
Patrick (b. 1995) is a Mexican-Scottish poet. His work has appeared recently in the Oxford Review of Books, Magma, and amberflora. He translated Ellen Renton’s spoken-word theatre piece, Within Sight, into Spanish for Otros Territorios Film Festival in 2021. He facilitates workshops for Fusion Arts, translates, and edits Wet Grain.
In support of the campaign, Paphos 2020
Those already there were also runners.
They jogged from rubble toward the whistling
and ate what their shepherds shook from the evening,
peg eyes lowered and bells going, chewing juniper.
The rains had left a chassis leaning on a tree
long enough for an axle to graft itself to branch.
It belvedered the path we’d followed via ravine,
cobbled bridges, its mutant charm trad as feeding.
Save this. Save the generations of a stream
that carry heavy machinery where we’d run. Save
the passed-on nonchalance of mother mountain goats.
Save urges to reiterate, an inheritance of schist.
Be of gorge. Contour, please, these solar years.
…lives on the Black Isle in the Scottish Highlands. She has her debut collection Life’s Stink and Honey published by Cinnamon Press in April 2022 after winning their Literature Award. Lynn has a Scots language pamphlet ‘A Glimmer o Stars’ published by Hedgehog Poetry Press in 2021, after winning their dialect competition. She was runner-up in the Scots category of the Wigtown Poetry prize in 2021.
All That is Needed
When I am alone I will turn eastwards
to live in a brown house at the edge of the sea.
I will inherit storm-cracked apple trees
and the wild goats that crop their meals
close to the shore where the green boat sleeps.
I will eat cheese as fat as the cheeks
of the moon and pare the good red apples
as thin as fingernails with no-one to complain.
I will drink sour wine saved from a communion years ago,
and wash it down with water drawn from somewhere secret.
I will not cook and no-one will ask me to.
I will buy bread from the grocer’s van
once a week along with tins that open easily.
I will leave the fish alone, unbothered by a hook,
and if someone visits accidentally I will ask that intruder to go.
I will watch my face grow pursed and thin in the mirror
of the stream while my hair grows thick
as brambles. I will turn pebbles to find precious little.
I will stuff my mouth with sun when it’s hot,
and on cold mornings I will ask the tide for answers.
Charles is from Castlemilk in Glasgow. He studied English Literature at the University of Edinburgh and is currently pursuing a PhD in Creative Writing at the Seamus Heaney Centre, Queen’s University Belfast. His published work includes Aye ok (Speculative Books, 2020) and As If (Fallow Media, 2021).
Aw it takes is a wee fuck the polis n a night ae excitement is on:
the chase, navigatin side streets n gable ends, hidin in bushes,
under motors, behind wheelie bins. We get up close so they cin see us
then we’re away again wae another fuck the polis between pantin breaths.
They’ve sent fur back-up, a second van tae negotiate as its gettin dark,
but we know the scheme better than they dae, or ever will,
n we map it wae ease – the school, the wee shop, the tree swing,
the bought hooses, ma granny’s hoose, ma pal’s aunty’s hoose, the lane.
We’ve took a break in a close. They approach it n we’re oot
the back door n er the fences like hurdles, athletes fur the buzz.
Before ye know it the chopper’s oot n the searchlight shines
like a Hollywood premiere – we’re the stars ae Catch Me If You Can
but they canny, n we’ve just slipped intae ma pal’s hoose fur a drink,
changed oor tracky taps n skip hats cover oor heids. Incognito.
Watch this. We’re walkin right doon the street right past the polis
casual as, no givin a fuck, n ma pal turns roon n says awright officers
wit yees been up tae the night? | <urn:uuid:2b1805ea-c2bf-41e8-8d68-6684c9052c2c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.scottishpoetrylibrary.org.uk/2022/04/meet-the-roddy-lumsden-memorial-mentees/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572021.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814083156-20220814113156-00068.warc.gz | en | 0.927558 | 1,649 | 1.546875 | 2 |
acantho-, acanth-, -acanth, -acanths, -acanthid, -acanthous
(Greek: used either as a prefix or as a suffix; pointed appendages; spine, spiny; thorn, thorny)
2. A decoration or trimming that has been carved or engraved in the shape of the leaves of the Mediterranean plant: An acanth was placed on a Corinthian column of the capital.
2. The spine: The vertebrae in a person is called the acantha because of the many pointed segments.
3. In biology, a spike-like structure or spiny protrusion on a plant or animal: A wild rosebush has many acanthas, or thorns, that are quite similar to needles.
Bill read in his book about acanthas on insects being sharp projections, normally as a one-celled epidermal growth and lacking cells for the senses.
There are two specific species, which are the trophozoite, metabolically active, and a cyst, which is dormant and stress-resistant. These species can cause the infection termed acanthamebiasis.
The acanthamoeba does not produce a flagellate stage. Its organisms are pathogens for several infections in humans and have been found in the eye, bone, brain, and respiratory tract.
They can enter the skin through a cut, wound, or through the nostrils and, once inside the body, can travel to the lungs and through the bloodstream to other parts of the body, especially to the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord). Through improper storage, handling, and disinfection of contact lenses, acanthamoebae can enter the eye and cause an infection there.
A particularly dire infection caused by acanthamoebae, called granulomatous amebic encephalitis, is characterized by a headache, stiff neck, nausea, vomiting, confusion, loss of balance, seizures, and coma that can progress over several weeks and end in death.
In popular use, the name is chiefly native to the shores of the Mediterranean, and cultivated in England, and is celebrated among the Greeks and Romans for the elegance of its leaves. | <urn:uuid:f455da89-30ab-4cd5-8b70-56c32d5db613> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wordinfo.info/unit/8/s:acanthi | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.929177 | 458 | 3.203125 | 3 |
But we do not realize that we are wretched and pitiful. The dictionary defines wretched as contemptible. That is what God is saying here! He will hold us in contempt for what we do. Wretched also means characterized by misery and sorrow. How loathsome are we when we cannot even see our own misery and sorrow! Where do we rely upon for our joy? Is it in catchy sermons, feel good preaching, and snazzy choir numbers as we all sing Kumbaya on our way to hell? Or do we take our wretched self to the cross and find the fullness of joy in the presence of God?
Likewise we do not realize that we are poor in the things of God. The Bible says that He will supply all of my needs according to His riches found in Christ Jesus. Pursuing the materialism of this world will only lead you away from the riches of God. When your Christianity has become about Jesus being your ATM, you will not experience His riches in glory. Remember that this life is but a vapor and storing up riches on earth will only rust and fade with time. Storing up riches in heaven however, will last eternally.
We also do not realize that we are blind. Jesus once referred to the Pharisees as blind guides. They had plenty of religion. They had the best services. They had the best show in town. But they had no idea where they were going because their religion became about them instead of about God. Without God there is no light, only darkness. Our religion becomes an exercise in furthering the distance between us and God. Remember the Gospel of Matthew says that at the end times Jesus will look plainly at people who thought they had served Him their entire lives and say that He never knew them. Blind guides leading blind congregations.
Lastly, we do not even realize that we are naked before God. The dictionary defines naked as being bare of any covering. I believe this means two things that are equally sobering. First it means that we go forward without the covering of God, while we think we are operating under it! Constantly having to convince ourselves that something is of God when we have no covering at all. Secondly, it means that God sees it all anyway. What we do is always naked before Him. We cannot escape His watch.
I know this wasn't one of the most "feel good" messages but remember beloved, these are the words of the Amen, the faithful and true witness, the ruler of God's creation and heaven forbid if we do not take heed.
Reverend Anthony Wade August 9, 2011 | <urn:uuid:9c672f51-b2cc-41c6-b8cc-dfb1d7f75bc7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.828ministries.com/articles/3/The-Spirit-of-the-Laodicea-by-Anthony-Wade-120214-774.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.977771 | 531 | 1.921875 | 2 |
The Gulf oil disaster reminds me of that old Donald Rumsfeld chestnut, the one about known-knowns and known-unknowns. With a massive, ongoing gushing oil spill, and an enormous ecosystem at risk, we’re in the realm of the “known unknown” – we know that there is a huge amount of oil moving through the Gulf, but no one’s quite sure exactly where it is or where it’s going.
A group of federal agencies, including NOAA, Fish and Wildlife Service, Bureau of Land Management and the National Park Service are trying to push us into the “known known” category with teams sent out on what are essentially reconnaissance missions. Two months into the oil disaster, they’re still grappling to understand the impacts on shorelines, turtles, mammals and more.
Last Thursday, for the first time, NOAA allowed a small group of ocean conservation activists to shadow a crew working on discovering the location and severity of subsurface oil. I joined our senior campaign director, Jackie Savitz, along with scientists and campaigners from Ocean Conservancy and the Gulf Restoration Network in a couple of skiffs that tailed the NOAA crew for a few hours on the water just east of Grand Isle, La.
Before we embarked, NOAA restoration specialist Sean Meehan gave us the rundown as we stood on the dock in Jean Lafitte, about 25 miles south of New Orleans. A jovial guy, Meehan is an experienced marine researcher, but even he acknowledged the unique difficulty of locating subsurface oil.
The technology Meehan uses isn’t exactly state-of-the-art: it’s pompoms, the stringy plastic puffs used at high school rallies. The oil adheres to the plastic readily and the large amount of surface area ensures that you’ll catch some oil if it’s in the water.
Meehan leads the only crew currently searching for subsurface oil. In a small speedboat, he traverses the coastal area off Grand Isle, Louisiana, planting pompoms weighted with chains or strung along PVC pipe in the bay, marked by a makeshift buoy cut from a colored pool noodle. A day later, he will collect the pompoms and record any oil.
It’s a huge job for one crew, especially considering the oil is still escaping the Deepwater Horizon wellhead two months after the explosion and moving across a vast area. The relatively unsophisticated pompom technology leads Meehan to refer to his job as “baseball-bat science.”
“If we had something more automated, we could do something more quickly,” said Tom Brosnan, NOAA’s Communications and External Affairs Branch Chief, who organized the tagalong for us. “That would be better, of course.”
But for now, it’s Meehan and his crew, which includes a representative from BP, setting and collecting pompoms.
We set off from Jean Lafitte around 7:30 a.m., with the Oceana, Ocean Conservancy and Gulf Restoration Network reps in small skiffs trailing the NOAA speedboat. Coursing down a long channel toward the Gulf, we passed numerous decades-old abandoned natural gas and oil pipelines as well shrimp processing facilities newly shuttered due to the oil spill, reminders of the longtime dual, and sometimes dueling, presences of the oil and fishing industries in this region.
By the time we reached Barataria Bay, just east of the hard-hit Grand Isle, the water was covered with a reflective film of oil. This sheen persists, 50 miles from the spill site, despite the constant action of skimmers that dot the horizon. These boats are shrimpers converted to pull booms instead of nets from the trawl doors.
Almost immediately, just past the skimmers clustered near a barge where they were trading in booms, we saw a pod of bottlenose dolphins. At least ten of the animals, including a couple of calves, were cresting just a few dozen yards from our boats. At the same time, bait fish were literally jumping. And I’d already seen more seabirds – pelicans, laughing gulls, terns – than ever in my life.
I was struck for the first time just how special and diverse the Gulf’s marine ecosystem really is. And here we were, just beginning the process of understanding how much oil lurked beneath the surface and how many animals were at risk.
For the next five hours, we trailed Meehan and his team as they set pompoms just offshore a couple of small barrier islands comprised of marshland. While most places were protected by hard orange booms as well as soft, absorbent booms, the oiliest marsh we saw had no visible offshore booms surrounding it – only the blackened remnants of booms affixed to the shoreline with bamboo canes.
Over half a day, Meehan’s team visited about a half dozen sites in the Barataria Bay area. While they are an able crew, it’s mind-boggling to consider that this small group is responsible to figuring out the scope of the subsurface oil in a disaster this size. They’re still very much in the early phases of this part of the response. I’ll be checking back in with Meehan in the coming weeks to learn how things are progressing. | <urn:uuid:98b1b665-1ce0-48a7-ac24-94872a7b2810> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://usa.oceana.org/blog/deploying-baseball-bat-science-grasp-sub-surface-oil/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00670.warc.gz | en | 0.952807 | 1,142 | 2.390625 | 2 |
Okay so I've got a form that includes 4 different select fields.
the other 3 fields are named type2, type3, and type 4, accordingly.
<select name="type1" id="type1" required>
The select forms use a typeX.value switch to impose a multiplier on a number input field, and I need to be able to count how many of an option were selected so that I can divide the sum of multiplied inputs by the count of selected options. All I'm asking is how to count the # of each selected option, though.
Use the Select selectIndex Property with a loop for i=1,2,3 or 4 on document.getElemenById('type'+i).
The only problem is that this property give 0 (for the first option) with no user action (See the page try It yourself). Then you have probably to add an action : Choose an option at the beginning of each select to detect this cases...
Last edited by 007Julien; 03-04-2014 at 05:02 AM.
also you can add an empty option to each select and then check all of your selects for empty value: if, for example, document.getElementById('type1').value='', that means this select has not been changed. so, now you know how many selects you have and how many of them have been changed.
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Amplified: What then [are we to conclude]? Shall we sin because we live not under Law but under God's favor and mercy? Certainly not! (Amplified Bible - Lockman)
CEV: What does all this mean? Does it mean we are free to sin, because we are ruled by God's wonderful kindness and not by the Law? Certainly not! (CEV)
GWT: Then what is the implication? Should we sin because we are not controlled by laws but are controlled by God’s favor? That’s unthinkable! (GWT)
Montgomery: What then? Shall we commit an act of sin because we are not under law, but under grace? Certainly not.
Moule: What then? Are we to sin, because we are not brought under law, but under grace? Shall our life be a life of license, because we are thus wonderfully free? Away with the thought.
New Jerusalem Bible: What is the implication? That we are free to sin, now that we are not under law but under grace? Out of the question!
Phillips: Now, what shall we do? Shall we go on sinning because we have no Law to condemn us any more, but are living under grace? Never! (Phillips: Touchstone)
TLB: Does this mean that now we can go ahead and sin and not worry about it? (For our salvation does not depend on keeping the law but on receiving God’s grace!) Of course not!
Wuest: What then? Shall we sin occasionally, because we are not under law but under grace? Away with the thought. (Eerdmans)
Young's Literal: So since God's grace has set us free from the law, does this mean we can go on sinning? Of course not!
|Romans — 3:21-5:21||Romans — 6:1-8:39||Romans — 9:1-11:36||Romans — 12:1-16:27|
Jew and Gentile
|Demonstration of Salvation|
|Power Given||Promises Fulfilled||Paths Pursued|
Restored to Israel
|Slaves to Sin||Slaves to God||Slaves Serving God|
|Life by Faith||Service by Faith|
Modified from Irving L. Jensen's excellent work "Jensen's Survey of the NT"
Godet introduces this section with this comment "The new principle had just been laid down. The apostle had found it in the object of justifying faith. But could a principle so spiritual, apart from every external and positive rule, take hold of the will with power enough to rule it thoroughly? To this natural objection, formulated in Ro 6:15, St. Paul answers as follows: by the acceptance of grace a new master has been substituted for the former, sin (Ro 6:16, 17, 18, 19); and the believer feels himself obliged to serve this new master with the more fidelity because he rewards his servants by communicating life to them, whereas the former master pays his by giving them death (Ro 6:20, 21, 22, 23). Thus it is proved that the new principle is clothed with sufficient, though purely internal authority, to control the believer's entire life. (Romans Commentary - Online)
WHAT THEN?: Ti oun:
The question with which Paul introduces this verse is emphatic and expects a positive answer and thus some version translate it with this emphasis:
"Surely you know that" (TEV)
A T Robertson writes the following notes on the Greek text…
What then? (ti oun) Another turn in the argument about the excess of grace.
Shall we sin? (hamartesmen). First aorist active deliberative subjunctive of hamartanō. “Shall we commit sin” - occasional acts of sin as opposed to the life of sin as raised… in Romans 6:1) (where the practice of sin as a habit -present tense - is here raised )
Because (hoti). The same reason as in (Romans 6:1) and taken up from the very words in (Romans 6:14). Surely, the objector says, we may take a night off now and then and sin a little bit “since we are under grace.” Another turn in the argument about the excess of grace.
Wuest - "This second question proposes a life of planned infrequent, spasmodic acts of sin, since grace makes it impossible for a Christian to live a life of habitual sin. Paul answers this question in Romans 6:16-23 by showing that the Christian has changed masters, and that serving the Lord Jesus, it is not his nature to sin." (Wuest's Word Studies from the Greek New Testament)
SHALL WE SIN BECAUSE WE ARE NOT UNDER LAW BUT UNDER GRACE: hamartesomen (1PAAS) hoti ouk esmen (1PPAI) hupo nomon alla hupo charin: (Ro 6:1,2; 1Cor 9:20,21; 2Cor 7:1; Gal 2:17,18; Eph 2:8-10; Titus 2:11-14; Jude 1:4)
Another rhetorical question.
Hamartano means to act contrary to the will and law of God. To commit a wrong. To be in error.
Hamartano means to err (err is from Latin errare = to wander or to stray!) which means to wander from the right way, to deviate from the true course or purpose and so to violate an accepted standard of conduct. To err is to miss the right way. To err means to deviate from the path or line of duty. To stray by design or mistake. To err is to stray from God and/or His commandments.
Hamartano means to swerve from the truth, to turn aside from the straight course charted by the Word of Truth. To swerve means to wander from any line prescribed, or from a rule of duty; to depart from what is established by law, duty or custom.
In short hamartano means to miss the mark of God's perfect standard.
Webster's 1823 Dictionary has a "bibliocentric" definition of sin as "The voluntary departure of a moral agent from a known rule of rectitude or duty, prescribed by God; any voluntary transgression of the divine law, or violation of a divine command; a wicked act; iniquity. Sin is either a positive act in which a known divine law is violated, or it is the voluntary neglect to obey a positive divine command, or a rule of duty clearly implied in such command. Sin comprehends not actions only, but neglect of known duty, all evil thoughts, purposes, words and desires, whatever is contrary to God’s commands or law.
Under (5259) (hupo) frequently meant not simply to be beneath but to be totally under the power, authority, and control of something or someone.
Law (3551) (nomos) (click for purpose of the Law illustrated) is etymologically something parceled out, allotted, what one has in use and possession; hence, usage, custom. It refers to formalized rule or set of rules prescribing what people must do. Sin will overcome us if we try. All attempts to defeat the flesh in our own power will fail.
Ray Stedman says that Paul's sense here is "Should we sin even once now that we are not under law but under grace?"
Kenneth Wuest paraphrases it "What then? Shall we sin occasionally, because we are not under law but under grace?"
Montgomery paraphrases it What then? Shall we commit an act of sin because we are not under law, but under grace? Certainly not.
Here are some other ideas conjured up by Paul's question
“Shall we sin just a little?”
"If forgiveness is as easy and as inevitable as all that, if God's one desire is to forgive men and if his grace is wide enough to cover every spot and stain, why worry about occasional sins?
"Why not do as we like from time to time? It will be all the same in the end."
The answer to "shall we sin?" is "Absolutely not". And he will explain why such a false teaching cannot be accepted.
The question in this verse arises as a reaction to Paul’s statement that now…
“You are not under law, but under grace.” (Romans 6:14)
This question is similar to the one at the beginning of Romans 6:
What shall we say then? Are we to continue in sin that grace might increase? (Romans 6:1)
Note that there is a difference in the way these two questions are phrased.
In the first question, the Greek verb "continue" is present tense and thus refers to a life of habitual sin.
In the second, the verb tense (shall we sin) is aorist tense and thus indicates that here Paul is referring to occasional, single acts of sin. The thought is,
“Since your doctrine of superabundant grace teaches the impossibility of a life of habitual sin on the part of the Christian, will the fact that a Christian is not under the uncompromising rule of law but under the lenient scepter of grace, allow for at least an act of sin once in awhile?”
The idea that grace is "lenient" compared to the uncompromising rule of law, is an erroneous one. The Holy Spirit indwelling the child of God, is infinitely more cognizant of sin in the life of the saint than any system of law ever could be. He is grieved at the slightest sin.
In the first question, the desperately wicked heart offers an excuse for sinning in that a life of habitual sin gives God an opportunity to display His grace and thus glorify Himself, which is of course a perversion of the teaching of grace.
In the second question, this same person seeks a loophole somewhere in God’s plan of salvation whereby he might sin once in awhile, and thinks that he has found one in the fact that the Christian is now under grace and is beyond the reach of the law of God which could condemn him. Therefore, he argues that he can sin with impunity, and grace will always forgive. Can you see Paul's argument?
One can see at once from what Paul tells us in Ro 6:1-14, that the person who asks such a question as well as the one in Ro 6:1, is an unregenerate sinner. The child of God has no desire to go on in habitual sin nor yet to sin once in awhile. To be sure, a genuine believer is at times guilty of willful sin. That is, he may yield to temptation, knowing that it is sin. But to provide for a planned life of infrequent acts of sin, is altogether foreign to the nature of the saint. Paul answers this question as he did the first one, by the words “God forbid,” “far be the thought.” Then he uses an illustration to show that it is a mechanical impossibility for a Christian to desire to sin even once in awhile.
John MacArthur sums up Paul's argument "With his brief introductory question, What then? the apostle again anticipates the false conclusions his antagonists would derive from his declaration that believers “are not under law, but under grace” (verse 14b). To them, the idea of no longer being under law but under grace was tantamount to being free of all moral restraint. “If the law no longer needs to be obeyed, and if God’s grace covers all sins,” they would argue, “then believers are perfectly free to do as they please.” Jewish legalists, on the other hand, believed obedience to God’s law was the only way of salvation. To them, Paul exalted righteousness out of one side of his mouth, while in reality giving license to sin out of the other side. They accused Paul of condoning lawlessness in the name of God’s grace. The doctrine of grace has always been subject to that false charge, which the apostle first answers in the first half of chapter 6. But because the misunderstanding was so common and the issue so critical, he gives the answer again from a slightly different perspective. The doctrine of salvation by God’s grace, working only through man’s faith and apart from any works, is the furthest thing from a license to sin." (MacArthur, J: Romans 1-8. Chicago: Moody Press) (Bolding added)
Ray Stedman - I know that many experience this. We discover the joy of deliverance. Then we also discover that the old life still has power to tempt us and draw us back into its control. We realize that, even though it is true that Jesus Christ lives within us to be all that he is (which is all that we need), nevertheless the temptation is to strike a balance and work out a compromise. We find ourselves wanting to draw on Christ for the power to meet the times of stress that come -- the big problems -- but we rather like to put on the old comfortable slippers of the flesh the rest of the time, and enjoy that. (Click full sermon Choose Your Master)
Albert Barnes sums up Paul's question with the following thought - "The apostle proceeds to notice an objection which might be suggested. “If Christians are not under the law, which forbids all sin, but are under grace, which pardons sin, will it not follow that they will feel themselves released from obligation to be holy? Will they not commit sin freely, since the system of grace is one which contemplates pardon, and which will lead them to believe that they may be forgiven to any extent?” This Consequence has been drawn by many professing Christians; and it was well therefore, for the apostle to guard against it. (Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible - 1798-1870)
Adam Clarke - Shall we abuse our high and holy calling because we are not under that law which makes no provision for pardon, but are under that Gospel which has opened the fountain to wash away all sin and defilement? Shall we sin because grace abounds? Shall we do evil that good may come of it? This be far from us!
John Gill comments that "… here the apostle meets with an objection of the adversary, saying, that if men are not under the law, and are free from all obligation to it, then they may live as they list; nor can they be chargeable with sin, or that be objected to them; since where there is no law, there is no transgression, and sin is not imputed where there is no law; and if they are under grace, or in the love and favour of God, from which there is no separation, then they cannot be damned, do what they will: but this objection proceeds upon a mistaken sense of the phrase, "under the law"; for believers, though they are not under the law as the ministry of Moses, yet they are under it, as it is in the hands of Christ; and though not under its curse, yet under obligation to obedience to it, from principles of love and grace; and a transgression of it is sin in them, as in others; and which is taken notice of by God, and visited with stripes in a Fatherly way (see Hebrews 12:5-11), though His lovingkindness is not removed and to argue from the unchangeableness of God's grace, or the doctrines of it, as encouraging licentiousness, is greatly to abuse the grace of God, and manifestly betrays such persons to be ignorant of it and its influence; since nothing more powerfully engages to a love of holiness, and hatred of sin; wherefore the apostle, answers to this objection in his usual way, God forbid; signifying his abhorrence of everything of this kind." (John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible -1690-1771) (Bolding added)
MAY IT NEVER BE: me genoito (3SAMO):
Paul gives the same clear denial he gave in Romans 6:2. (Click exposition) As in that verse, Paul's refutation is “No, a thousand times no!”
The suggestion that God’s grace grants a license to sin is absurd. Why? Because God bestows His grace in order to free men from bondage to the power of Sin. It would be illogical for the very force that frees us from the power of Sin to at the same time re-energize the power of Sin! Grace clearly does not condone or justify continuing in sin because grace transforms the life that is saved. There is a practical application - If a person's life that gives no evidence of moral and spiritual transformation, they are exhibiting no no obvious evidence of salvation and need to carefully examine the gospel they have believed.
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ILLUSTRATIONS OF BIBLE TRUTH by Harry A. Ironside - LAW AND GRACE - "We are not under the law, but under grace" (Ro 6:15).
Some years ago, I had a little school for young indian men and women, who came to my home in Oakland, California, from the various tribes in northern Arizona. One of these was a Navajo young man of unusually keen intelligence. One Sunday evening, he went with me to our young people's meeting. They were talking about the Epistle to the Galatians, and the special subject was law and grace. There were not very clear about it, and finally one turned to the Indian and said, "I wonder whether our Indian friend has anything to say about this."
He rose to his feet and said, "Well, my friends, I have been listening very carefully, because I am here to learn all I can in order to take it back to my people. I do not understand all that you are talking about, and I do not think you do yourselves. But concerning this law and grace business, let me see if I can make it clear. I think is like this. When Mr. Ironside brought me from my home we took the longest railroad journey I ever took. We got out at Barstow, and there I saw the most beautiful railroad station and hotel I have ever seen. I walked all around and saw at one end a sign, 'Do not spit here.' I looked at that sign and then looked down at the ground and saw many had spitted there, and before I think what I am doing I have spitted myself. Isn't that strange when the sign say, 'Do not spit here'?
"I come to Oakland and go to the home of the lady who invited me to dinner today and I am in the nicest home I have ever been in. Such beautiful furniture and carpets, I hate to step on them. I sank into a comfortable chair, and the lady said, 'Now, John, you sit there while I go out and see whether the maid has dinner ready.' I look around at the beautiful pictures, at the grand piano, and I walk all around those rooms. I am looking for a sign; the sign I am looking for it, 'Do not spit here,' but I look around those two beautiful drawing rooms, and cannot find a sign like this. I think, 'What a pity when this is such a beautiful home to have people spitting all over it -- too bad they don't put up a sign!' So I look all over that carpet, but cannot find that anybody have spitted there. What a queer thing! Where the sign says, 'Do not spit,' a lot of people spitted. Where there was no sign at all, in that beautiful home, nobody spitted. Now I understand! That sign is law, but inside the home it is grace. They love their beautiful home, and they want to keep it clean. They do not need a sign to tell them so. I think that explains the law and grace business."
As he sat down, a murmur of approval went round the room and the leader
Romans 6:16 Do you not know that when you present yourselves to someone as slaves for obedience, you are slaves of the one whom you obey, either of sin resulting in death, or of obedience resulting in righteousness? (NASB: Lockman)
Amplified: Do you not know that if you continually surrender yourselves to anyone to do his will, you are the slaves of him whom you obey, whether that be to sin, which leads to death, or to obedience which leads to righteousness (right doing and right standing with God)? (Amplified Bible - Lockman)
Phillips: Just think what it would mean. You belong to the power which you choose to obey, whether you choose sin, whose reward is death, or God, obedience to whom means the reward of righteousness. (Phillips: Touchstone)
Wuest: Do you not know that to whom you put yourselves at the disposal of as slaves resulting in obedience, slaves you are to whom you render habitual obedience, whether slaves of the sinful nature resulting in death, or obedient slaves [of Christ] resulting in righteousness? (Eerdmans)
Young's Literal: Don't you realize that whatever you choose to obey becomes your master? You can choose sin, which leads to death, or you can choose to obey God and receive his approval.
|DO YOU NOT KNOW THAT WHEN YOU PRESENT YOURSELVES TO SOMEONE AS SLAVES FOR OBEDIENCE: ouk oidate (2PRAI) hoti ho paristanete (2PPAI) heautous doulous eis hupakoen:
Romans 6:16-19 describes the new subjection to righteousness by which grace displaces the old subjection to sin.
James Smith observes…
Do you not know - Paul speaks of a self-evident truth, the truth that when one accepts servitude to another, that enslavement becomes binding and forbids divided allegiance or servitude! Paul then proceeds to introduce us to the two different "masters", personified as Sin and Obedience.
Know (1492) (eido) (perfect tense) means absolute, positive, beyond a peradventure (chance) of a doubt, knowledge. It means to perceive intuitively and describes a self-evident truth. Paul's question is clearly rhetorical (asked merely for effect with no answer expected) and implies that his readers would readily acknowledge the truth of what he was about to say if they gave it the least thought - it is a dictate of common sense.
Present (3936) (paristemi from para = near, beside + histemi = place, set) literally means to place or set beside or near and hence to place at someone's disposal. Paristemi means to present oneself for service or to put at the service of (sometimes translated "help" as in Ro 16:2-note). Paristemi is in the present tense indicates this reflects the habit of one's life. The active voice represents the action as being accomplished by the subject and indicates the willing choice of obedience to a master which makes Paul’s point even more obvious.
Slaves (1401) (doulos [word study] from deo = to bind) describes one who is in bondage or bound to another, in the state of being completely controlled by someone or something and a slave in the sense of being the property of the owner. The will of the individual is submitted to the will of the master.
Obedience (5218) (hupakoe [word study] from hupó = agency or means, under + akoúo = physical hearing and apprehension of something with the mind) means literally means "hearing under", that is, listening from a subordinate position in which compliance with what is said is expected and intended. Hupakoe speaks of the one hearing as being under the authority of some one else. Thus, hupakoe comes to mean compliance (disposition to yield to another) with the demands or requests of someone over us. The idea of to hear under pictures subordinating one’s self to the person or thing heard and hence means “to obey” or to hearken (give respectful attention) Obedience is submission or hearkening to a command. Obedience is the carrying out the word and will of another person, especially the will of God.
Hupakoe conveys the picture of one listening and following instructions. Submitting to that which is heard involves a change of attitude, forsaking the tendency of the fallen nature to rebel against Divine instructions and commands and seeking God's will, not self will.
Someone has said that a "proof" that we are of the elect is not an empty prating about how secure we are once we believed, but rather how sensitive we are to the principle and practice of obedience to Jesus.
You know that in effect there is no middle ground between being a slave to sin and a slave to obedience to God. Jesus clearly taught that “No one can serve two masters" (Mt 6:24-note; Luke 16:13).
Those who are afraid of grace insist that it gives license for sinning. Paul meets this error head-on by asking the question, then flatly denying it. We are free from the law but not lawless. Grace means freedom to serve the Lord, not to sin against Him.
As Paul used the figure of slavery to illustrate death to sin and resurrection to new life in Christ and not in sin, so now he uses slavery against the idea of occasional lapses into sin. Loyalty to Christ will not permit occasional crossing over to the other side to Satan's line.
William Newell sums this section up writing - "the answer to the second question is: God has set believers free, to serve Himself. The only other master is sin. And bondage to sin results from serving sin. But the Word of God says to the believer. Ye are not under law, but under grace. Many people who have been convicted of the guilt of sin and have relied on the shed blood of Christ as putting away that guilt, have not yet, however, seen a state of sin as abject slavery. The strength of sin is just as real as its guilt. No creature can free himself from the bondage of sin. Sin brought to fallen man the inability to do anything else but sin (Ge 6:5). Although contrary to conscience, to reason, to desire for liberty; in spite of the terror inspired by the tragic examples about them, -yea, despite awful warnings and expectations of personal impending ruin, men continue in sin and its bondage. But there is another "obedience, "-that unto righteousness. And the case turns on the words, to whom ye present yourselves as servants. Although we cannot free ourselves, or change our own spiritual condition, the great fact of human responsibility is plainly written here. God, who would have all men to be saved, is always ready to have them present them- selves to Him. And it is by means of the gospel that we do so, -whether to take our place as sinners, in the first instance; or, after we have believed, when we present ourselves to Him and our members as instruments of righteousness. We all know this, be our theological training what it may. We all know we are doing wrong if we do not obey the gospel of God concerning His Son. "When He, the Spirit of truth, is come, He will convict the world in respect of sin … because they believe not on Me" (Joh 16:8,9). Let us remember then, that the obedience unto righteousness of verse 16, is "the obedience of faith, " always. (Romans 6 - Newell's Commentary on Romans)
YOU ARE SLAVES OF THE ONE WHOM YOU OBEY EITHER OF SIN RESULTING IN DEATH OR OF OBEDIENCE RESULTING IN RIGHTEOUSNESS: eis dikaiosunen douloi este (2PPAI) ho hupakouete (2PPAI) etoi hamartias eis thanaton e hupakoes: (Ro 6:12,17,19, 20, 21, 22, 23)
Slaves (1401) (doulos [word study] from deo = to bind) (Click additional notes on doulos) in Paul's day were those individuals who were bound to their master in servitude. Doulos in Paul's writings thus conveys the picture of a slave's close, binding tie with their master, of belonging solely to him and of being obligated to and desiring to do his will. In sum, the will of the doulos is completely consumed in the will of the master.
A bondservant therefore is one who has surrendered wholly to the master's will which in the present passage is submission either to "Sin" or to "Obedience". As believers we are no longer our own but have been bought with the price of the blood of Christ (1Cor 6:20, 1Pe 1:18, 19-note; Titus 2:14-note). We are now the property of our Lord Jesus Christ and are to conduct ourselves in this present evil age (Gal 1:4) as His "love" slaves (ie, we obey because we love the One Who first loved us - 1Jn 4:19, 2Co 5:14NLT). No man (no exceptions!) can serve two masters (Mt 6:24-note). We are all born into servitude to Sin for we are all born children of Adam's (Ro 5:12-note), but now we are slaves of the Lord Jesus Christ by our new birth (2Cor 5:17). As believers we now are (ideally) to have no will of our own, no business of our own, no time of our own. Instead we are to be continually yielding to and serving our Master, the Lord Jesus Christ, in complete dependence upon His enabling power.
Obey (5219) (hupakouo [word study] from hupó = = agency or means, under + akoúo physical hearing and apprehension of something with the mind - akouo gives us our English acoustics - the science of design which helps one hear) literally means to listen under with attentiveness and to respond positively to what is heard. The sense is that one understands and responds accordingly. Note that hupakouo implies an inward attitude of respect and honor, as well as external acts of obedience. Obedience on the part of children consists in listening to the advice given by parents. For example in Genesis 22 Isaac's willingness to be offered as a sacrifice is a model of such submission.
Hughes - Obedience involves conscious listening. If you do not really listen, you cannot really obey. That is why parents are always saying, “Listen to me!” The idea is to listen under with the intent to understand and do it… Much of this is a matter of attitude (Ed: Which reflects the spiritual condition of one's heart!). We are not to be like the little boy who misbehaved and was told by his teacher to sit in the corner, which he did with grudging obedience, all the while saying to himself, “I’m sitting down on the outside, but I’m standing up on the inside!” (Hughes, R. K.: Ephesians: The Mystery of the Body of Christ. Crossway Books)
To obey means to hear under authority and thus pictures the one hearing as being under the authority of some one else. Hupakouo means to obey on the basis of having paid attention to. So first one has to hear and then one has to make a conscious choice to submit and respond to the word (optimally, His Word of righteousness and truth) heard.
It short Paul clearly teaches that a slave hearkens or gives respectful attention to either one of two masters, Sin (and the flesh) or "Obedience" (which is made possible by God's indwelling Spirit). There is no middle ground! No place for compromise in the Christian life! Hupakouo is in the present tense indicating obedience is to be the believer's habitual practice (their direction not perfection, at least not in this present life!).
The basic picture of hupakouo is that of placing oneself under what has been heard and therefore submitting to what is heard. Sin and Obedience are here both personified as "Masters". If Sin is one's master, the result will be death of both body and soul (cp James' teaching in Jas 1:14, 15-note and thus his strong warning Jas 1:16-note). If Obedience is the master, the effect of service to this master (Obedience) will be righteousness and holiness.
Paul has a parallel thought on this basic spiritual dynamic (and the basic conflict) commanding saints to…
To summarize, every person is a bondservant to someone or something. Before we were saved, we were slaves of Sin. Now that we belong to Christ, we are freed from that old slavery and made servants of Christ.
Sin (noun) (266)(hamartia [word study]) literally conveys the sense of missing the mark as when hunting with a bow and arrow (in Homer some hundred times of a warrior hurling his spear but missing his foe).
See discussion of the verb form - hamartano
See discussion of "the Sin" = Sin "personified" as a principle
Note how frequently Paul uses hamartia in Romans - Ro 3:9-note, Ro 3:20-note; Ro 4:7, 8-note; Ro 5:12-note, Ro 5:13-note, Ro 5:20, 21-note; Ro 6:1, 2-note, Ro 6:6, 7-note, Ro 6:10-note, Ro 6:11-note, Ro 6:12, 13, 14-note, Ro 6:16, 17-note, Ro 6:18-note, Ro 6:20-note, Ro 6:22-note, Ro 6:23-note; Ro 7:5-note, Ro 7:7, 8, 9-note, Ro 7:11-note, Ro 7:13-note, Ro 7:14-note, Ro 7:17-note, Ro 7:20-note, Ro 7:23-note, Ro 7:25-note; Ro 8:2, 3-note, Ro 8:10-note; Ro 11:27-note; Ro 14:23-note;
Death (2288) (thanatos from thnesko = to die) refers physically to the separation of soul from the body (physical) is literally a physical separation of the soul from the body. Thanatos was a legal technical term for capital punishment. Every form of death in the NT is treated not as a natural process but always as a destroying power related to sin and its consequences. In this verse thanatos speaks of the destroying power related to sin and its consequences.
Righteousness (1343) (dikaiosune [word study] from dikaios [word study] = being proper or right in the sense of being fully justified being or in accordance with what God requires) is the quality of being upright. In its simplest sense dikaiosune conveys the idea of conformity to a standard or norm. In this sense righteousness is the opposite of hamartia (sin), which is defined as missing of the mark set by God. In this sense righteousness is the opposite of hamartia (sin), which is defined as missing of the mark set by God.
Dikaiosune is rightness of character before God and rightness of actions before men. Righteousness of God could be succinctly stated as all that God is, all that He commands, all that He demands, all that He approves, all that He provides through faith in Christ (Click here to read Pastor Ray Pritchard's interesting analysis of righteousness in the Gospel of Matthew).
What's Paul's point? Who do you habitually obey? A person’s general pattern of living proves who one's true master is. We are speaking of "direction" (Heavenward versus Hell-ward!), not perfection (that's called glorification!). If a person's life is characterized continually by sin (as a lifestyle), then that person is a slave to Sin (as a Master). If one's life is characterized by habitual (Paul did not say "perfect"! obedience), then that person is demonstrating by their habitual conduct that they are a slave to the Lord Jesus Christ. The end result of the first slavery is both physical and spiritual death, whereas that of the second slavery is righteousness (right attitudes and actions before God and men), the mark of eternal life. The habitually unrighteous life cannot be a Christian life.
Matthew Henry sums it up well stating that "If we would know to which of these two families we belong, we must inquire to which of these two masters we yield our obedience."
William MacDonald - Sin’s slaves are bound by guilt, fear, and misery, but God’s servants are free to do what the new nature loves. So why be a slave when you can be free? (Believer's Bible Commentary)
William Newell writes that "Let us remember then, that the obedience unto righteousness of Ro 6:16, is "the obedience of faith, " always.
Moule - in the very act of leaving (as the result of God's actions in our heart) the bond-service of Sin you entered that of Pardon as taught in the Gospel, and are thus bound to obey as much as ever, though in the opposite direction. (The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Romans - Online)
If one manifests no inclination and/or no power to be obedient to the Lord Jesus Christ, then they need to examine themselves in light of Paul's serious warning to…
C H Spurgeon phrases it this way "If you are doing the deeds of sin, you are the servants of sin and only as you are doing the will of God can you claim to be the servant of God. “Hereby we know that we know him, if we keep His commandments.” (1Jn 2:3) That becomes the index of our condition. The man, then, that lives in sin and loves it, need not talk about the grace of God to which he is a stranger, for the mark of those that come under grace is this, that they serve God, and no longer serve sin. (Spurgeon on Romans)
Amplified: But thank God, though you were once slaves of sin, you have become obedient with all your heart to the standard of teaching in which you were instructed and to which you were committed. (Amplified Bible - Lockman)
Phillips: Thank God that you, who were at one time the servants of sin, honestly responded to the impact of Christ's teaching when you came under its influence. (Phillips: Touchstone)
WBC: But thanks be to God, that when you were slaves of sin you gave your obedience from thee heart to the one to whom you were handed over as a pattern of teaching.
Wuest: But God be thanked, that [whereas] you were slaves of the evil nature, you obeyed out from the heart as a source a type of teaching into which you were handed over. (Eerdmans)
Young's Literal: Thank God! Once you were slaves of sin, but now you have obeyed with all your heart the new teaching God has given you.
BUT THANKS BE TO GOD THAT THOUGH YOU WERE SLAVES OF SIN : charis de to theo hoti ete (2PIAI) douloi tes hamartias: (Ro 1:8; 1Chr 29:12, 13, 14, 15, 16; Ezra 7:27; Mt 11:25,26; Acts 11:18; 28:15; 1Co 1:4; Ep1:16; Phil 1:3, 4, 5; Col 1:3,4; 1Th 1:2,3; 3:9; 2Th 1:3; 2Ti 1:3, 4, 5; Philemon 1:4; 2Jn 1:4; 3Jn1:3) (1Cor 6:9, 10, 11; Ep 2:5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10; 1Ti 1:13, 14, 15, 16; Titus 3:3, 4, 5, 6, 7; 1Pe 2:9; 4:2, 3, 4, 5)
Be cautious relying completely on paraphrase translations, which are less faithful to the original Greek (or Hebrew) (Click for comparison of different translations). Paraphrases may help understand the text but can also be misleading as is the The Living Bible translation, which reads…
This statement is not theologically accurate! Everyone born has been born into Adam (Ro 5:12-note) and did not have a choice to obey sin or not. As Paul has clearly taught, Sin is the Master of all who are unsaved. The unregenerate person (Jn 3:3, 5) is under the control of Sin and this is the position of the natural man, without exception. No matter how outwardly moral, upright, or benevolent an unsaved person’s life may be, all that he thinks, says, and does emanates from a proud, sinful, ungodly heart (Ro 3:10-note).
But - This conjunction should always alert the attentive reader that the writer is introducing a change of direction. So Paul begins a contrast which expresses the absolute incompatibility of living in sin on the part of the believer.
Thanks be (5485) (charis) reads more literally "grace to God". Paul moves from the principle in the preceding verse (Ro 6:16) to the experience of the Roman believers. The apostle’s gratitude to God lies in the fact that their former condition is a thing of the past and his believing readers are no longer subject to that slavery which leads to death.
Were (imperfect tense) signifies an action being committed over and over, which reflects the reality of the unregenerate person, who is under the continual slavery to Sin. The imperfect tense indicates that slavery was an ongoing reality before the new birth (but now = Ro 6:11NLT-note)
Slaves to sin - Remember that you are either slave to sin or slaves to God. If you are living a life that demonstrates sin is your master, you are not born again and your eternal destiny is the Lake of Fire which burns forever and ever! Do not be deceived by the false teaching that you can claim to be saved by faith at a point in time and then spend the remainder of your life in sin. Such a person is not saved, but deceived and those who teach this deadly doctrine of "free grace" have perverted the Gospel. Woe!
YOU BECAME OBEDIENT FROM THE HEART TO THAT FORM OF TEACHING TO WHICH YOU WERE COMMITTED: hupekousate (2PAAI) de ek kardias eis on paredothete (2SAPI) tupon didaches eis on paredothete (2SAPI):: (Ro 1:5; 2:8; 15:18; 16:26; Ps 18:44; 2Cor 10:5,6; Heb 5:9; 11:8; 1Pet 1:22; 3:1; 4:17) (2Ti 1:13)
Peter has a parallel description (and exhortation) writing to the believers who were undergoing persecution and testing times…
You became obedient (5219) (hupakouo [word study] from hupó = = agency or means, under + akoúo = physical hearing and apprehension of something with the mind) literally means to listen under with attentiveness and to respond positively to what is heard. It means to hearken or give respectful attention to.
Hupakouo is in the aorist tense which points to an action which has been completed at a definite time in the past. What time? Clearly, when they believed the life giving Gospel of the grace of God (Acts 20:24). The Roman Christians had given wholehearted obedience to the gospel to which they had been committed, including all the doctrines Paul taught in the book of Romans. Now they possessed a new nature which enabled them to obey their new master, the Lord Jesus Christ.
Hupakouo - 21x in 21v in the NAS - Matt 8:27; Mark 1:27; 4:41; Luke 8:25; 17:6; Acts 6:7; 12:13; Rom 6:12, 16f; 10:16; Eph 6:1, 5; Phil 2:12; Col 3:20, 22; 2 Thess 1:8; 3:14; Heb 5:9; 11:8; 1 Pet 3:6. NAS = answer(1), became obedient(1), becoming obedient(1), heed(1), obedient(2), obey(12), obeyed(3).
Redeemed - Among the many names given to our Lord in the Bible, one is especially dear to me. It is the name Redeemer. The word redeem literally means "to buy back." It suggests that something has been sold or forfeited in order to pay a debt. When the price of its redemption has been paid, the lost article can be reclaimed.
Man was created in God's image, but he sold out to Satan for some fruit from a forbidden tree. Since that time, all mankind has been enslaved to sin and under judgment. The purchase price of redemption was the sacrificial death of Jesus Christ, which met the demands of God's holiness. Everyone who accepts God's gift of forgiveness is set free and becomes a slave of Christ the Redeemer (Ro 6:22).
Many years ago, a man visited a slave market. He watched for a while, then bid on a slave until no one was able to go any higher. After paying the price, he gave the bill of sale to the slave, and said, "I have purchased you to set you free." Overcome with gratitude, the slave refused to leave him and became his devoted servant for life.
Jesus paid an enormous price for our salvation. Do we serve Him out of gratitude? — M. R. De Haan (Our Daily Bread, Copyright RBC Ministries, Grand Rapids, MI. Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved)
My new life I owe to Thee,
From the heart - Not just the "head" but from our "control center" (see below). Paul is describing more than intellectual acceptance and stoic obedience. He is saying that the believer's new obedience comes from deep within, from their qualitatively new heart which is indwelt by a qualitatively new power (see Ezekiel 36:26, 27, cp even OT teachings that spoke of the need for and provision of a "new heart" = Ezek 11:19, 18:31, Dt 30:6, Jer 31:33, 32:39, 40).
Heart (2588) (kardia) does not refer to the physical organ but is always used figuratively in Scripture to refer to the seat and center of human life. The heart is the center of the personality, and it controls the intellect, emotions, and will. No outward obedience is of the slightest value unless the heart turns to God.
Kardia - 156x in 149v - Mt 5:8-note, Mt 5:28-note; Mt 6:21-note; Mt 9:4; 11:29; 12:34, 40; 13:15, 19; 15:8, 18, 19; 18:35; 22:37; 24:48; Mk. 2:6, 8; 3:5; 6:52; 7:6, 19, 21; 8:17; 11:23; 12:30, 33; Lk 1:17, 51, 66; 2:19, 35, 51; 3:15; 5:22; 6:45; 8:12, 15; 9:47; 10:27; 12:34, 45; 16:15; 21:14, 34; 24:25, 32, 38; Jn 12:40; 13:2; 14:1, 27; 16:6, 22; Acts 2:26, 37, 46; 4:32; 5:3, 4; 7:23, 39, 51, 54; 8:21, 22; 11:23; 13:22; 14:17; 15:9; 16:14; 21:13; 28:27; Ro 1:21-note, Ro 1:24-note; Ro 2:5-note, Ro 2:15-note, Ro 2:29-note; Ro 5:5-note; Ro 6:17-note; Ro 8:27-note; Ro 9:2-note; Ro 10:1-note, Ro 10:6-note, Ro 10:8, 9-note, Ro 10:10-note; Ro 16:18-note; 1Co. 2:9; 4:5; 7:37; 14:25; 2Co. 1:22; 2:4; 3:2, 3, 15; 4:6; 5:12; 6:11; 7:3; 8:16; 9:7; Ga 4:6; Ep 1:18-note; Ep 3:17-note; Ep 4:18-note; Ep 5:19-note; Ep 6:5-note, Ep 6:22-note; Php 1:7-note; Php 4:7-note; Col 2:2-note; Col 3:15-note, Col 3:16-note, Col 3:22-note; Col 4:8-note; 1Th 2:4-note, 1Th 2:17-note; 1Th 3:13-note; 2Th 2:17; 3:5; 1Ti 1:5; 2Ti 2:22-note; He 3:8-note, He 3:10-note, He 3:12-note, He 3:15-note; He 4:7-note, He 4:12-note; He 8:10-note; He 10:16-note, He 10:22-note; He 13:9-note; Jas 1:26-note; Jas 3:14; Jas 4:8-note; Jas 5:5, 8; 1Pe 1:22-note; 1Pe 3:4-note, 1Pe 3:15-note; 2Pe 1:19-note; 2Pe 2:14-note; 1Jn 3:19, 20, 21; Re 2:23-note; Re 17:17-note; Re 18:7-note.
NAS = kardia as heart, 102; heart's, 1; hearts, 49; mind, 2; minds, 1; quick, 1; spirit, 1.
Kardia gives us medical terms such as cardiac, cardiovascular, etc. Just as the integrity of our physical heart is vital to our physical life, in a similar and even more important way the integrity of our spiritual heart is vital to our spiritual life, for our spiritual life impacts not just our enjoyment of time but of eternity. Beloved, let us study the meaning of kardia, but let us be far more serious about guarding our kardia in this short life (see Pr 4:23-note, cp 1Ti 4:7, 8-note, 2Co 5:9-note 2Co 5:10-note, Spurgeon writes "A short life should be wisely spent. We have not enough time at our disposal to justify us in misspending a single quarter of an hour. Neither are we sure of enough life to justify us in procrastinating for a moment. If we were wise in heart we should see this, but mere head wisdom will not guide us aright." See his full note on Ps 90:12-note)
Hughes explains that what Paul is saying here is that…
While kardia does represent the inner person, the seat of motives and attitudes, the center of personality, in Scripture it represents much more than emotion, feelings. It also includes the thinking process and particularly the will. For example, in Proverbs we are told, “As (a man) thinks in his heart, so is he” (Proverbs 23:7). Jesus asked a group of scribes, “Why are you thinking evil in your hearts?” (Matthew 9:4). The heart is the control center of mind and will as well as emotion.
The great Puritan writer John Flavel wrote that…
The Scottish writer John Eadie says that…
Vine writes that kardia…
MacArthur commenting on kardia writes that…
Marvin Vincent has a lengthy comment on kardia writing…
The phrase "became obedient from the heart" is important. Paul's point is that God works His salvation in a person's innermost being, changing the heart of every sinner who places their trust into Christ's finished work on Calvary. Now in a believer obedience is not forced or legalistic, but is willing. The corollary is that a person whose heart has not been changed and does not possess this desire to obey has not been saved.
Robert Haldane adds that…
Form (5179) (tupos [words study]) properly means a "model" or "pattern" or "mold" into which clay or wax was pressed, that it might take the figure or exact shape of the mold. The word "form" is generally used to denote a resemblance between something present and something future.
The gospel is the pattern. Tupos refers to a mold such as a craftsman would use to cast molten metal. Paul’s point is that God pours His new children into the mold of divine truth. New believers now have an innate and compelling desire to know and obey God’s Word.
Robert Haldane adds that tupos…
Jamieson commenting on form writes that…
Teaching (1322) (didache [word study]) sometimes means manner of teaching but in the present context, speaks of the content of teaching. In didache, we have incorporated the authority of that which is taught. In the context of Romans "teaching" would refer to the Gospel"
Note that the KJV translation "doctrine was delivered you" is not accurate to the original Greek. J B Phillips more accurately conveys the meaning of the Greek writing that the readers had "honestly responded to the impact of Christ's teaching when you came under its influence." (see additional explanatory note below).
Didache - 30x in 29v in NAS - Matt 7:28; 16:12; 22:33; Mark 1:22, 27; 4:2; 11:18; 12:38; Luke 4:32; John 7:16f; 18:19; Acts 2:42; 5:28; 13:12; 17:19; Rom 6:17; 16:17; 1 Cor 14:6, 26; 2 Tim 4:2; Titus 1:9; Heb 6:2; 13:9; 2 John 1:9f; Rev 2:14f, 24. NAS = instruction(2), teaching(27), teachings(1).
Were committed (3860) (paradidomi [word study] from para = alongside, beside + didomi = give) means to hand over to or to give over into (one’s) power. Paradidomi involves either the handing over of a presumably guilty person for punishment by authorities or the handing over of an individual to an enemy who will presumably take undue advantage of the victim.
Paradidomi - 119x in 117v in NAS - Matt 4:12; 5:25; 10:4, 17, 19, 21; 11:27; 17:22; 18:34; 20:18f; 24:9f; 25:14, 20, 22; 26:2, 15f, 21, 23ff, 45f, 48; 27:2ff, 18, 26; Mark 1:14; 3:19; 4:29; 7:13; 9:31; 10:33; 13:9, 11f; 14:10f, 18, 21, 41f, 44; 15:1, 10, 15; Luke 1:2; 4:6; 9:44; 10:22; 12:58; 18:32; 20:20; 21:12, 16; 22:4, 6, 21f, 48; 23:25; 24:7, 20; John 6:64, 71; 12:4; 13:2, 11, 21; 18:2, 5, 30, 35f; 19:11, 16, 30; 21:20; Acts 3:13; 6:14; 7:42; 8:3; 12:4; 14:26; 15:26, 40; 16:4; 21:11; 22:4; 27:1; 28:17; Rom 1:24, 26, 28; 4:25; 6:17; 8:32; 1 Cor 5:5; 11:2, 23; 13:3; 15:3, 24; 2 Cor 4:11; Gal 2:20; Eph 4:19; 5:2, 25; 1 Tim 1:20; 1 Pet 2:23; 2 Pet 2:4, 21; Jude 1:3. NAS = betray(17), betrayed(10), betraying(9), betrays(3), commended(1), committed(3), deliver(6), delivered(21), delivered over(1), delivering(3), entrusted(3), entrusting(1), gave(4), gave… over(3), given… over(1), hand(6), handed(9), handed… over(1), handed down(4), handed over(4), hands(1), permits(1), put(1), putting(1), risked(1), surrender(1), taken into custody(2), turn… over(1).
William Newell elaborates on what it means to be committed to the teaching… writing…
Kenneth Wuest agrees with Newell and sums up the meaning of this verse…
Witness Lee, founder of the Local Church movement, wrote a book entitled "Christ Versus Doctrine", the main thesis of which is that it is a personal relationship to Christ that matters and that doctrine actually interferes with that relationship. The book not only is unbiblical but, as one might guess from the title, is also self-contradictory. Doctrine is simply another word for teaching, and the purpose of Lee’s book, of course, was to teach his own doctrine. As an aside, if Lee was so wrong on this basic principle, one needs to espouse a Berean attitude when reading anything by this author. There are some who consider "The Local Church" a cult, whereas others do not. I cannot make a dogmatic statement, as I have not studied Lee's other writings extensively. The watchword however is "Be a Berean!" (Acts 17:11).
Related Resource: Are the teachings of Witness Lee and the Local Church biblical
God has so constituted (or better "reconstituted" [regenerated]) us inwardly as believers (according to Ro 6:1-14) that we would react to the doctrines of grace by nature (our new nature, Christ in us the hope of glory, Col 1:27-note) in such a way as to hear, to receive (Jn 1:12, Col 2:6-note) and to obey them (for we are indwelt by the Spirit of Christ [Ro 8:9-note], our "Enabler", now and forever our Source of power to obey [cp Ro 8:13-note] - now not under law but under the "yoke" of grace - Ro 6:14-note, Ro 7:5,6-note).
C H Spurgeon adds… | <urn:uuid:5cdf1335-22ed-472c-b096-a79dae6ffbe1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.preceptaustin.org/romans_615-20 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00338-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942932 | 12,807 | 1.6875 | 2 |
Looking for a way to reduce the chances of developing type 2 diabetes, stroke, and coronary heart disease?
Well, according to one research, magnesium can help do that. Researchers gave an extra 100mg of this mineral a day to people across 9 countries and revealed something amazing.
Their risk of type 2 diabetes was 26% lower, the risk of stroke 12% lower, and that of coronary heart disease 10% lower than before.
So, this research proves the link between dietary magnesium and the risk of disease.
Currently, the recommended daily value of magnesium is 300mg for men and 270mg for women. However, the lead author of the research, Fudi Wang, explains that a lot of people are still deficient in this mineral.
In fact, around 1.5-15% of the population has a magnesium deficiency, which means a higher risk of related health issues.
Andrea Rosanoff, Ph.D., conducted a 10-year review based on Dr. Seelig’s earlier 40-year long research on the link between magnesium and cardiovascular disease.
So, Dr. Seelig discovered that lack of magnesium is related to all cardiovascular risk factors. They include high blood pressure and cholesterol, hardening of the arteries, arterial plaque build-up, and calcification of soft tissues.
So, it’s more than clear that it’s not cholesterol or diet high in saturated fat that causes heart disease, but lack of magnesium. Still, researchers took the wrong turn, focusing on other things instead of magnesium for years.
Carolyn Dean, a medical and naturopathic doctor, lists the 6 major chronic conditions linked to low magnesium levels:
One 2017 study discovered that high blood pressure is inversely related to magnesium in Argentinean children living in higher altitude areas.
In addition, 3-month research showed that supplementing with magnesium improves the metabolic status of pre-diabetic and obese people with mild chronic kidney disease.
The vice-chair and professor of surgery at Columbia University, Dr. Mehmet Oz, explains that magnesium is vital for the regulation of metabolism, as well as for dilating arteries and reducing blood pressure.
In fact, he says three out of four people in the U.S. can’t get the proper amount of magnesium. This, in turn, means they are deficient in this important mineral.
Even though the WHO recommends 400-500mg of calcium, Carolyn advises 1-to-1 balance with magnesium. What’s more, she advises taking calcium through the diet, with vitamin D and K2 doses added in between to protect the heart and bones.
In addition, Wang’s research suggests that consuming foods high in magnesium is beneficial for our overall health. This mineral is crucial for normal biological functions like protein production, glucose metabolism, and the synthesis of DNA and other nucleic acids.
Moreover, it ensures proper nerve and muscle function, good bone and teeth formation, relaxed blood vessels, and Everyday Health.
So, the main source of this mineral should be our diet as we can find it in many foods.
These are some of the best magnesium-rich foods we should consider adding to our diet:
We hope we’ll start adding more of these foods to our diet to get the necessary magnesium our body needs to perform over 300 bodily functions as well as reduce the risk of many chronic conditions. | <urn:uuid:7eda5fb6-a119-43ac-9ed3-ccb023e7d4ae> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://diabeteshealthpage.com/lack-magnesium-heart-diabetes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00670.warc.gz | en | 0.933472 | 699 | 2.96875 | 3 |
In the September 2007
issue of Sky & Telescope
, Mark Littmann's article "From Chaos to the Kuiper Belt" (page 28) explains how astronomers believe that the outer planets of our solar system were pushed around by countless encounters with planetesimals. During this planetary migration, there was a period when the orbits of Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune became markedly noncircular
. Astronomers may have found a star system that is undergoing the same thing.
Many stars are known to have disks of debris around them. Last week, researchers using the Hubble Space Telescope and Keck Telescope presented an image of the star HD 15115, an F-type star 150 light-years away in Cetus, that has disk, but it's lopsided. One possible explanation for the unsymmetrical disk is that the star's planets have elongated orbits, and have spread out the material unevenly. Alternately, it could be the result of a brush with a nearby star.
For more details, see the press releases from the Space Telescope Science Institute and Keck Observatory. The full study appears in The Astrophysical Journal Letters. | <urn:uuid:73500641-2039-4c1f-9a3e-711ea2a89554> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.skyandtelescope.com/astronomy-news/why-so-lopsided/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00274-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950465 | 237 | 3.703125 | 4 |
How Seniors Can Elevate Their Mood
You know the old saying, “We are what we eat.”
We all know that doesn’t literally mean we could turn into jelly donuts after we eat them. It does mean our middles can look like a donut and jiggle like jelly if we overindulge too often. And that doesn’t make anyone feel physically and mentally healthy, especially older adults.
So if seniors eat lots of carrot and celery sticks, they’ll stay skinny and chipper? Well, sort of. But physical and mental health are tied together for sure.
Certain foods can improve seniors’ overall mood; a positive mood equates to a lower risk of depression and anxiety. Happier, healthier older adults are more inclined to have more energy to do things like exercise. And when they feel better, they’re incentivized to keep eating better.
Here are some activities and tips for seniors to boost their mood, along with ways nutrition can help seniors boost their mood and energy.
Activities to boost seniors’ mood
- Exercising regularly. We have to lead with the most obvious first, but it’s true. Regular, low-impact exercise like walking, biking, yoga and tai chi is great for older adults’ health, especially when done with friends. If seniors can get in 20-30 minutes of exercise every day, mind and body both benefit.
- Maintaining social connections. People who have strong social ties have lower rates of stress, depression and anxiety, and studies have shown friends can also help seniors live longer.
- Playing games. Board games, online games, card games — it doesn’t matter. Games of all kinds activate key parts of the brain, the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex, which stimulates memory and helps ward off the effects of dementia. Game-playing can also boost seniors’ immune systems, improve hand-eye coordination and dexterity, and reduce stress. Who knew a competitive game of Scrabble or a crossword puzzle could do all that?
- Learning something new. Learn how to play a musical instrument, or learn how to speak a foreign language (Icelandic, anyone?). Acquiring new skills sharpens seniors’ brains and improves memory.
- Adopting a pet. Pets can improve an older adult’s mood by offering vital social interaction and enhancing overall quality of life. Dogs in particular can be a great pet if an aging adult wants to get more exercise: After all, dogs love walking. Pets also help older adults find a new purpose, because all pets need regular care.
- Getting outside. Nature can be an incredible mood-booster. There’s even a word for it: forest bathing. It’s proven to reduce stress hormone production, lower heart rate and blood pressure, boost the immune system, and improve feelings of happiness.
Ways nutrition helps seniors boost mood and energy
Let’s revisit that jelly donut analogy. Who would feel great eating the same unhealthy item day after day? For one answer, see the movie Super Size Me, in which Morgan Spurlock ate nothing but fast food for every meal for one month.
For older adults who want to boost their mood through foods, the key is to eat a balanced diet that integrates a variety of these types of foods.
- Dark chocolate: One study found that eating a little dark chocolate can reduce cortisol levels and other stress hormones. Researchers think it could be because of antioxidants found in dark chocolate.
- Leafy greens: The mineral magnesium helps reduce anxiety. Dark leafy greens like spinach and Swiss chard are loaded with it; so are almonds and avocados. So make a salad and get lots of magnesium in every bite.
- Berries: Berries of all kinds pack a wide range of antioxidants and phenolic compounds, which play a key role in combating an imbalance of harmful compounds in your body. They’re particularly high in anthocyanins, a pigment that gives certain berries their bluish-purple color. One study associated a diet rich in anthocyanins with a 39% lower risk of depression symptoms.
- Nuts and seeds: Nuts and seeds provide tryptophan, an amino acid responsible for producing mood-boosting serotonin.
- Fatty fish: Though it’s an essential fat needed to survive, the body doesn’t produce Omega-3 fatty acids on its own. It only comes from eating fatty fish like salmon and albacore tuna. People who aren’t fans of fish can get omega-3 fatty acids from walnuts and canola oil.
Staying active and eating nutritious foods at every meal can be tough for some aging adults. It’s much easier when they’re constantly surrounded by health and wellness opportunities — like at an Independent Living community such as Eagle Senior Living. | <urn:uuid:4438f861-85c9-4501-ad14-2b0eba2142c7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.eagleseniorliving.org/blog/ways-seniors-can-boost-mood/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00264.warc.gz | en | 0.924473 | 1,021 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Keeping your home working properly is a must. When it comes to enjoying your abode, the lack of properly functioning parts of the head can be equal parts frustrating and costly. This is why you need to be on top of your game with your maintenance efforts.
A common issue that homeowners have to contend with is clogged drains. They can happen because of numerous issues. Too much food particles down the sink, hair and shaving residue in the sink and bathtub, and overstuffed from paper towel or toilet paper. These are common issues, and using homemade remedies may not cut it. So what do you do if your DIY options cannot help? Check these options out.
Call a Plumber
The simplest explanation is often the right answer. This is why calling a plumber is a considerably helpful choice compared to unproven homemade attempts. The experts at https://allserviceplumbers.com/ show how important a properly trained plumber can be, especially for a problem that you may have little knowledge of. Damaging your plumbing system with a DIY effort can cost you tons of money to fix, so hiring professionals should always be an option for your home’s drain issues. They have a wide selection of tools that you may not have access to and could be the only way to get the drain unclogged or repaired. If you do not feel confident or knowledgeable about the issue, then calling a plumber is a smart move.
Buy a Drain Auger
Even if the professional plumbers have all the gear that is needed to fix drain problems, that does not mean you cannot have some of them too. One such tool that can be of considerable use for your home is a drain auger. What exactly is a drain auger? Well, it is a piping device that can reach deep into a drain to help unclog a jam or destroy debris that is blocking your water flow. These augers are not very expensive and provide a long-lasting amount of use that is incredibly efficient for even the trickiest of drain issues. Augers help provide professional quality drain clearing for reasonable prices and lets you have this powerful potential in your home.
Get a Jetter
In a similar manner to an auger, you could invest in a drain jetter. The difference between an auger and a jetter is that an auger has to physically unclog the debris by feeding the device through, a jetter uses pressurized water to blast out the clog. Jetter machines are more expensive and they are not for use in every drain in your home. Often, they are meant for more serious drain issues like septic system clogs or main water access drains. However, there are pressurized water and jetter machines that can be used for drains in the bathroom or laundry room. These jetters are serious tools that can clear just about any clog, but they might be too powerful for every kind of issue. Before buying one, consider how much you really expect to use it.
Keep Plenty of Drain Opener Stocked
If you are a homeowner that is always feeling let down by your DIY drain cleaning efforts and want quick, effective help then make sure to stock up on all of the necessary tools. It sounds like it would be redundant but often there will be sudden clogs in drains without warning which require immediate attention or else they could lead to plumbing emergencies. One way homeowners can ensure their safety from these types of problems is through hiring dependable plumbers such as those at www.summersphc.com/la-porte/services/plumbing/drain-cleaning/ who specialize in any type of home repair needs including fixing and installing new parts while also being friendly with every job site visit!
Families with girls who have long hair or guys that are constantly shaving need to be ready if the drain gets clogged, and that vinegar or baking soda fix might not work or be good for the pipes. Bleach and other corrosive cleaners will do the best work in keeping any food or hair building from getting too bad. Not to mention, drain openers are cheap so there really is no reason not to have a lot in case a bad homemade remedy fails to get results.
Keeping your home running in top condition is just part of the steps you need to take to be a proud homeowner. An all too common problem that most people have experienced is clogged drains. It can be gross to see all that water backup, and it is not good for your pipes, so you need proven and effective measures. Some DIY efforts may seem good, but they do not offer real solutions, so these steps listed here will help keep your home plumbing working well. | <urn:uuid:1c19f0bc-9105-4d88-8daf-f9562f30d38f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://freeyork.org/architecture/what-you-can-do-if-your-clogged-drain-cant-be-fixed-by-your-diy-efforts/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00674.warc.gz | en | 0.959727 | 955 | 1.539063 | 2 |
The Power Management Integration Center (PMIC) is developing next-generation technologies for integrated power electronics.
Power electronics technologies are increasingly important for a wide range of applications, from handheld consumer electronics to renewable energy and electric vehicles. Almost anywhere electrical energy is used, power electronics - which convert electrical power from one form to another - offer improved efficiency and control. From advanced electrical and electronic systems to a single chip, nearly all power systems require more control, better management, and enhanced efficiency. Therefore, the need for improved power electronics is growing.
PMIC is developing component, circuit, and system technologies to enable higher performance and new applications of power electronics, aiming for innovations to process and control energy efficiently and cost effectively. Advances in power converter topologies, integrated circuits, and passive components are integrated at the level of single chips, packages, and larger systems to achieve higher efficiency, smaller size, and reduced cost. Considerations are made for system reliability, robustness, and performance in a diverse range of industry sectors and applications including consumer, industrial, and automotive electronics.
Research and development efforts span multiple levels in power electronics to support a variety of industry-sponsored projects and train the next generation of engineers in critical areas. In particular, PMIC explores new circuit architectures and design techniques that leverage high-level integration to expand the boundaries of efficiency and power density.
PMIC emphasizes passive component innovation and integration, magnetic materials and component design, and new high-density resonant structures for power delivery. At the system level, PMIC explores new control techniques, novel circuit operation, and integration strategies that can improve performance and robustness while reducing size and cost. PMIC research focuses on innovations in power electronics in areas relevant to industry, including: | <urn:uuid:7029fe70-ef53-492d-aa7c-67e775704d58> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://iucrc.nsf.gov/centers/integrated-power-management-circuits-and-systems---power-one-ic/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.908805 | 351 | 2.34375 | 2 |
Window Films vs. Glass Replacement
In most homes and office buildings, windows account for approximately 40% of the total heat loss. It’s therefore important to provide some sort of insulation for your windows.
Traditionally, this meant the installation of double glazed windows, in which the air between the glass panes acts as a thermal insulator, slowing the transfer of heat through the window.
There are several disadvantages to double glazed windows though. Such windows are perfect in winter, but in summer they can trap heat inside your living spaces, making conditions less comfortable and increasing the demand for air conditioning.
Furthermore, they are expensive to install as your windows have to be replaced completely. These drawbacks could easily be resolved with the installation of insulating window film.
EnerLogic insulating window film
Conventional window films control the heat and glare entering your home in hot, sunny conditions, but provide little in the way of a boost to the insulating ability of windows. However, EnerLogic insulating window films use revolutionary technology to insulate your windows in cold conditions as well, while still limiting solar heating in hot weather.
EnerLogic window films increase the insulation provided by windows by up to 92%, essentially giving single pane glass the performance of double glazed windows. Unlike the installation of traditional double glazed windows though, EnerLogic insulating window film can be applied to your existing windows, making installation simple and relatively more economical.
By deflecting heat in summer and retaining heat in winter, EnerLogic window films provide year-round energy efficiency, which means you get outstanding return on investment within a very short period of time.
Insulating Window Film Options
The team at Tint a Car are proud to offer two options for EnerLogic insulating window film - EnerLogic 35 and EnerLogic 70.
EnerLogic 35 is a semi-reflective insulating window film that is designed specifically for warmer climates. It deflects up to 76% of incoming solar heat, as well as 99% of UV rays, creating a comfortable environment and protecting the interior of your home or office.
It also reduces glare by up to 63%, and helps retain heat from the inside to help keep your living spaces warmer in winter.
EnerLogic 70 is a non-reflective insulating window film for houses of offices in cooler climates. It allows a much greater proportion of natural light to pass through (approximately 70%), and reduces solar heat by up to 49%.
Like EnerLogic 35, it also reflects 99% of UV rays, so items like curtains and carpets avoid sun damage, which will help to keep them looking new. Combined with its ability to insulate windows in winter too, it is perfect for cooler climates.
To find out more about what EnerLogic insulating window film can do for energy efficiency in your home or office, book a free no obligation quote online today. | <urn:uuid:298663a5-018f-41ac-825f-6e0c1d33b437> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tintacar.com.au/articles/insulating-window-film | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00667.warc.gz | en | 0.938508 | 611 | 2.484375 | 2 |
Pastoralism is vital for the livelihoods of million of people, providing food, labor and income also in remote areas. Despite their important contributions, pastoral communities are often marginalized and ignored. This is especially true in regard to climate change, shifting global markets, population growth and increasing competition for land and other natural resources. Understanding how it works is vital for efforts to reduce poverty in pastoral communities.
This report aims to offer practical recommendations for effective policies and programmes. It looks at the factors impeding development in pastoralist regions, and suggests possible solutions to improve pastoralist livelihoods. It is organized around the community capitals framework, which combines two major lines of assessing livelihoods : livelihoods-centred approaches and economy-centred approaches. These are commonly regarded as mutually exclusive, even though nature and people are strongly interlinked in social ecological systems.
Rather than regarding pastoralists as a problem, policymakers should see them as a major and indispensable contributor to the development of sparsely populated, marginal areas. Efforts to develop pastoralism need to be focused on the local area or territory, rather than on national-level policies. They need to take the community capitals into account and build on them, and especially on the pastoralists’ own knowledge, organizations and social networks.
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Osteoporosis and low bone mass can affect a person’s dental health as well as a consideration for people interested in dental implants.
Today, osteoporosis is a major public health threat for 25 million Americans, 80 percent of whom are women. It is estimated that in the US, 7 to 8 million individuals already have the disease and 17 million more have low bone mass, placing them at increased risk for osteoporosis and the fractures it causes. Known as “the silent thief,” osteoporosis progresses without symptoms or pain until bones start to break, generally in the hip, spine, or wrist.
Osteoporosis is a complex disease and not all of its causes are known. However, when certain risk factors are present, your likelihood of developing osteoporosis is increased. Therefore, it is important for you to determine your risk for developing osteoporosis and take action to prevent it now.
Osteoporosis is preventable if bone loss is detected early.
If you already have osteoporosis, you can live actively and comfortably by seeking proper medical care and making some adjustments to your lifestyle. Your physician may prescribe a diet rich in calcium, a regular program of weight-bearing exercise, and medical treatment.
The National Osteoporosis Foundation is the Nation’s leading source for patient and health care professionals seeking up-to-date, medically sound information and educational materials on the causes, prevention, detection, and treatment of osteoporosis.
Osteoporosis is a loss of bone mineral density (bone mass) which makes bone more porous and subsequently much weaker. It is a disease in which bones become fragile and more likely to break. If not prevented or left untreated, osteoporosis can progress painlessly until a bone breaks.
A lifelong process in which old bone is removed and new bone is laid down.
Fractures typically in hip, spine, or wrist
Fractures sometimes lead to death
Women 5X greater risk than men
Men can also suffer from osteoporosis
Bone is a living, growing calcified tissue
Bone is constantly renewed through a process in which old bone is taken away and replaced with new bone
Early in life, more bone tissue is added than taken away
Maximum bone density & strength occurs at age 25 to 35
After age 35, old bone is is removed faster than it is replaced
Menopause – increased bone loss due to reduced estrogen production
Excess bone loss – more fragile bone
Once bone is lost, it is very difficult to replace.
Dr. J. Crystal Baxter, in the Academy of Osseointegration newsletter, states that patients with osteoporosis can be successfully treated with dental implants. “With careful monitoring and some additional healing time, these patients can be treated as well as patients without the disease. I believe that these women are prime candidates for implant treatment as they will most likely experience more bone loss than an unaffected subject when teeth are removed. The successful integration of healthy implants prevents and reduces future bone resorption.”
Info from Academy News, Volume 9, Number 2, 1998, Page 8 and 9.
Increased Risk Factors:
Thin, small-boned frame
Broken bones, stooped posture in older family members, especially women
Early estrogen deficiency in women who experience menopause before age 45
Diet low in calcium
Inactive lifestyle with little exercise
Caucasian and Asian women at highest risk
African-American and Hispanic women at lower, but significant risk
Excessive use of alcohol
Prolonged use of glucocorticosteroids, some anti-inflammatory medications, excessive thyroid hormone and some anti-seizure medications
Proper nutrition and exercise throughout life can dramatically decrease a person’s risk of suffering osteoporosis.
Most serious consequence of osteoporosis
Results in loss of mobility
Can necessitate nursing home placement
50,000 die per year due to complications
Activities of daily living more difficult
Loss of height
Affects 25 million Americans
80% of those affected are women
Leads to 1.5 million fractures each year
1/3 of women > 50 will suffer vertebral fracture
300,000 hip fractures each year due to osteoporosis
Avoid falls and injuries
The National Osteoporosis Foundation provides up to date information describing recommended calcium intakes.
Wide variety of supplements available
Discuss choice with your doctor
Be sure it is easily absorbed by the body
Determine elemental calcium in supplement
Lactose Intolerance: Difficulty digesting milk due to lack of enzyme lactase.
Lactase breaks down milk sugar lactase
Treat lactose-containing foods with commercial preparation of lactase
Purchase pretreated products
Plays important role in calcium absorption
Allows calcium to leave intestine and enter bloodstream
Synthesized in skin through exposure to sunlight
Vitamin D production decreases in elderly and housebound people
400 IU to 800 IU (Addl doses not recommended)
Benefits last only as long as program is maintained
Most people with osteoporosis SHOULD exercise
Secure rugs to floor
Avoid throw rugs that slip
Minimize clutter in house
Remove loose wires/cords
Avoid wax floors
Wear sturdy, low-heeled shoes
Keep halls, stairs well lighted
Grab bars in bathroom
Non-skid tape in shower/tub
Wear seat belts in car
Adjust car seat properly
Avoid medications that cause dizziness
The National Osteoporosis Foundation maintains up-to-date information about the disease and its treatment. Be sure to visit their site for the most accurate and current information. The purpose of this page is to create an awareness of osteoporosis. Medical action in each individual case should be determined with professional advice directed toward the individual’s particular circumstances and condition | <urn:uuid:a453bbdf-a5db-41b5-9f44-a094e610cf92> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.washingtonimplantcenter.com/?bs=1&cat=2-11 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00476.warc.gz | en | 0.921337 | 1,298 | 3.078125 | 3 |
Bacterial diseases are responsible for heavy mortality in both wild and cultured fish. The actual role of these micro-organisms may vary from that of a primary pathogen to that of an opportunist invader of a host rendered moribund by some other disease process.
Many of these organisms are a usual component of the bacterial flora in aquatic habitats, particularly eutrophic systems. Stressors, often inevitable in most culture systems, predispose fish to bacterial-born diseases. The course of events from stress to predisposition to infection, include physiological changes (described as a general alarm response syndrome) the consequences of which are to enforce barriers, normally preventing entry of bacteria to fish inner systems and at the same time incapacitating fish defence responses and immune reactions.
Common bacterial diseases in fish include:
- Aeromonas salmonicida - furunculosis
- Chlamydia spp - Epitheliocystis
- Flavobacterium columnare - previously known as Flexibacter
- Piscirickettsia cf. salmonis - Muskie pox
- Streptococcus spp - Streptococcosis, Dropsy, swim-bladder disease
- Richards, R.H. & Roberts, R.J., (1978) The bacteriology of teleosts. In: Roberts, R.J. (ed.) Fish Pathology. Bailliere, Tindall, London. pp:183–204
- Snieszko, S.F., (1974) The effect of environmental stress on outbreaks of infectious diseases of fishes. J Fish Biol 6:197–208
- Barton, B. A. & Iwama, G.K., (1991) Physiological changes in fish from stress in aquaculture with emphasis on the response and effects of corticosteroids. Annual Rev Fish Dis 1:3–26 | <urn:uuid:991a6e4a-0d61-4d3f-a120-8a83ed89d2b7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.vetbook.org/wiki/fish/index.php?title=Bacterial_diseases | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00498-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.864578 | 384 | 3.140625 | 3 |
feature article in Dr. Dobbs Journal April, 1998
When you have to store a set of strings, what data structure do you use? Jon and Bob suggest one place you can start is with ternary search trees, which combine the time efficiency of digital tries with the space efficiency of binary search trees.
presented at Eighth Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms New Orleans, January, 1997
We present theoretical algorithms for sorting and searching multidimensional data and practical C implementations for the application where keys are character strings. The sorting algorithm, an amalgam of Quicksort and radix sort, is competitive with the best known C sort codes. The searching algorithm, an amalgam of tries and binary search trees, is faster than hashing and other commonly used search methods. The basic ideas behind the algorithms date back at least to the 1960s, but their practical utility has been overlooked. Analytic results and extensions to more difficult string processing problems are also included.
Comments, questions, suggestions:
mail email@example.com mail firstname.lastname@example.orgCopyright (c) 1998, Robert Sedgewick and Jon Bentley | <urn:uuid:e9ff9395-a29b-4b9e-b665-c88f2a38234d> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.cs.princeton.edu/%7Ers/strings/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721141.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00417-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.912349 | 246 | 2.984375 | 3 |
Kitano-Tenmangu Shrine locates at the north west part in Kyoto city’s center, near Kamishichiken (oldest entertainment district in Kyoto), and was found in 947. The god of study, Sugawara-no-Michizane is enshrined in this shrine, so this is known as Tenjinsan by local people and every year in the season of entrance examination, a lot of students come to wish their success here. This is also famous for great tea ceremony held by Toyotomi Hideyoshi (the strongest general in 1586-1598) and Sen-no-Rikyu in 1587. Every year in February and March, as many as 1,500 plum trees bloom out. And also in Autumn, Maple Tree Festival is taken place. On 25th every month, associated with the day Michizane died, market is held. | <urn:uuid:09abfea4-4870-4ef1-8350-4402d1ea26bf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://kyotoite.net/en/place/kitano-tenmanngu-shrine/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.977858 | 184 | 2.515625 | 3 |
2/13/2012 06:30:40 AM
Mining has the potential to shape and affect economies directly and indirectly. Mining brings employment, government revenues, and opportunities for economic growth and diversification. However, market fluctuations, economic and public institutions, and resource revenues can present challenges in converting natural resource wealth into sustainable economic growth and development.
This page will explore how mining affects the economy and answer common questions.
Canada, Natural Resources Canada [NRC] (2011). Employment Information Bulletin, July 2011.
The Mining Association of Canada (2010). A Report on the State of the Canadian Mining Industry: Facts + Figures 2010.
United States, US Geological Survey [USGS] Do We Take Minerals for Granted? 2011
©2012 Fraser Institute. All rights reserved.www.fraserinstitute.org | <urn:uuid:66fb27b9-a919-49f5-8b47-53e13d3d3aa3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.miningfacts.org/Economy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282926.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00391-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.864352 | 168 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Koyaanisqatsi screened on hill overlooking cirkustent at Tantolunden, Stockholm
After screening films at Tantolunden in Stockholm as part of the Climate Film Festival, we returned to Malmö where the city had just suffered flooding due to torrential rain. Cars were stuck in flooded streets, electricity was out, basements were filled with water.
One unexpected effect was the damage done to the cultural life of Malmö: since many bands rehearse and some artists have their studios in basements, their equipment and supplies were severely damaged by flooding, and it may take months to repair and reinstall everything.
Article in Swedish here
Floods, storms and quakes uprooted 22 million people worldwide in 2013. More than twice as many people are affected by natural disasters than 40 years ago and the trend is expected to worsen as more people move to crowded cities in developing countries.
August 2014 was the warmest since records began in 1881. | <urn:uuid:d337414c-40d8-43ba-81c5-6b72db7abaac> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sunshinesocialist.org/tag/film-festival/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.985863 | 208 | 1.984375 | 2 |
"Witness" Tagged Sermons
Going public with our faith requires boldness. In the book of Acts, the apostles are shown to be bold witnesses for Christ. This week we explore the recipe for being bold in our witness. First is to have time with Jesus. Second is to be a part of a community. Third is to pray big prayers.
Do you have a private faith or a public faith? Our faith is supposed to be visible to all. It is supposed to be shared. Our faith needs to permeate our whole person because most people can’t disconnect the “message” from “the messenger.” This is why our lives have to reflect the message we are trying to communicate.
Our testimony about how Jesus changed our lives is our “review” on Christianity. The gospel is spread through testimonies. “Speak the gospel all the time, use words if necessary. | <urn:uuid:a8d224f4-3482-4055-8b88-910fcaff4bea> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://liferoads.org/sermon-tag/witness/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.954647 | 189 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Modern high capacity infrastructure creates accidental space along its
periphery, and in the shadow of its own spatial configuration respectively.
It is kind of a shadow city that emerges from the peripheral space along
motorways, train tracks, elevated highways, pipelines, cable tracks
– urban space free from explicit definition and intentional design.
In the very places where car parks, rubbish collection facilities, vacant
lots due to setback requirements are evolving, the city dissipates its
own realm to an unaccounted extent. This “waste” is rarely
given a proper name or address: Under the bridges. At the car park.
Along the train tracks. In the rear of the stadium. Next to the sewage
plant. Descriptions of space that work just about anywhere and that
could hardly be more unspecific.
Therefore dealing with infrastructural spaces in an urban context always
has to involve dealing with their perimeters as well. Infrastructures,
with the political-technical aim of supplying energy, resources, access
and mobility to a certain space, do not structure it evenly, but create
spaces of centrality and subsequently spaces that have a more lateral
character. If the margins of these political-technically conceived space
configurations are permeable and accessible – hence they allow
a public acquisition of the commodities or services the infrastructural
space is supplying – they generate public spaces and active spaces
in between the infrastructural component and its environment.
The invariably increasing demand for infrastructural capacity and the
therewith necessary increased efficiency of infrastructure resulted
in the multiplication of its dimensions, the depletion of junctions
and the shutting down of its perimeters. Designing these impermeable
marginal spaces between infrastructure and city, and respectively landscape,
requires plenty more ideas and conceptual thinking, especially in the
prospect of a continuing increase in the density of the mobility infrastructure
– a challenge that, particularly in the experimental field, design-orientated
universities should raise to more emphatically.
The examination of these spaces in the scope of a symposium is not aimed
at finding a recipe for the beautification of these infrastructural
margins, but rather at developing their potential as public spaces,
which carry an aesthetic expression of their own. It is exactly along
these margins where public space can unfold its neglected potential
as a space of heterogeneity, because public space is a spatial conception,
a phantasmagoria, regardless of its functioning as urban public space
or public space defined by landscape. It is capable of an ‘in-between’
state, of tolerating a clash and it provides contemporary urbanism a
presence as a fragile state of superimposition. The ambiguity of public
space between the poles of mobility and locality, and its disability
to allocate itself to one or the other, and as well its disability to
achieve reconciliation or compensation among the two poles and to escape
the ‘in-between’ state, makes it an archetype for the phantasmagorial
view of the ‘urban’ city.
was a Symposium held on the 04th and 05th of February 2010 at the Technische
Universität München, Institute for Urban Design, Urbanism
on a peer review of more than 100 abstracts, the scientific organizers
selected an exceptional group of academics and practitioners from around
the world to present papers in Munich.
2011 the book "Infrastructural Urbanism. Addressing the
In-between" was published by DOM publishers Berlin which
is conceptually based on the symposium.
Architecture and public spaces are well, if not prestigious
accepted components of the urban realm, but what about technical infrastructure?
Although the interdependence between infrastructure and urban development
has been a central topic in urban planning, infrastructure as a design
element plays a comparatively subordinate role.
The book discusses spatial design implications of technical
and transport infrastructure. The authors introduce projects of various
scales, from skate parks to urban motorways, located in many different
cities such as Mexico City, New York, London, Paris, Zurich, Seattle,
Barcelona, Stockholm, São Paulo, Antwerp, amongst others. They demonstrate
that infrastructure generates its own category of urban territory.
Addressing the In-between
Thomas Hauck/Regine Keller/Volker Kleinekort (Hg.)
DOM publishers, Berlin, 2011
210 x 230 mm, 336 pages, Softcover
Order at DOM publishers > | <urn:uuid:902169d1-46b3-4fb7-b3ce-e3ee81dc1a14> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://infrastruktururbanismus.de/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281574.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00020-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.893559 | 959 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Thousands of species of leafhoppers exist worldwide, all belonging to the cicadellidae family. Fast-moving, they can hop forward, backward and sideways, like a crab. Adult leafhoppers will quickly fly away when disturbed. Specialized mouth-parts enable them to suck the juices from leaves, grasses and fruits. Leafhoppers are fast maturing insects, producing up to six generations per year. Some species migrate, some hibernate, and some have a short lifespan of weeks or months.
Leafhoppers are small insects, measuring a quarter to a half-inch long. They're slender with a blunt head, and their wings form a wedged shape over their body. Their hind legs have four rows of small spines running down them. Most leafhoppers are green or yellow, but their color varies by species, and many have mottled markings. Juveniles resemble adult leafhoppers, but their bodies are smaller and they don't have wings.
During spring and summer, leafhoppers inject their tiny eggs into leaf veins or stems. Their reproduction cycles vary, depending on the species. Some leafhoppers' eggs hatch in ten days, others go dormant for the winter and hatch in the spring. Hatchlings feed on the host plant, staying on the undersides of leaves where they are less noticeable to predators. After five molts, in a 12 to 30 day period, the juveniles become winged adults.
Habitat and Predators
Leafhoppers are found in temperate, tropical, and subtropical climates. They live in forests, deserts, grasslands, wetlands, agricultural fields and backyard gardens. Predators that threaten leafhoppers are birds, lizards, spiders, parasitic wasps and other insects. Leafhoppers make a soft, vibrating sound with flexible panels, called tymbals, on the undersides of their abdomens. Inaudible to humans, this distress call can startle predators, causing them to drop a captured leafhopper.
Leafhoppers damage the plants they feed on. Their sucking mouth-parts deposit a toxic saliva secretion in the leaves and stems, causing white or yellow bumps to appear. Hopperburn is when the leaves turn yellow or brown from leafhopper damage, causing stunted growth or death of the plant. Some leafhoppers carry and spread plant diseases, causing devastation to agricultural crops and certain plant species. Leafhoppers are an important food source for insectivores.
Hemera Technologies/PhotoObjects.net/Getty Images
Karen Mihaylo has been a writer since 2009. She has been a professional dog groomer since 1982 and is certified in canine massage therapy. Mihaylo holds an associate degree in human services from Delaware Technical and Community College. | <urn:uuid:4a5c1191-b7c9-463d-b53b-b3edf721210a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://animals.mom.com/leafhoppers-4399.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.927424 | 594 | 4.03125 | 4 |
Some business owners use tools like Klout and Kred to measure a person's online influence before hiring him or her. Some people argue these tools can help gauge a candidate's abilities and social media influence. Others, meanwhile, doubt the ability of an algorithm to comb through social-media data and assign people scores that accurately reflect their abilities.
Take, for instance, what happened to Sam Fiorella. A story in Wired magazine detailed how Fiorella interviewed for a vice president position at a marketing agency but was passed over -- despite his 15 years of professional experience -- for someone who had a higher score on Klout. He spent the next six months improving his score and the number of job offers started rolling in. But realizing that he was being judged solely on an arbitrary number, he opted out of Klout altogether.
"The idea of measuring social influence and reputation through a single recognizable data point is extremely alluring to brands who want to source online influence," says Leslie Gaines-Ross, chief reputation strategist for public relations firm Weber Shandwick. "To truly understand reputation, however, you need to look at the composite of online and offline influence, perceptions and cues. Klout and Kred scores are one step in understanding social and reputational influence but we have not yet arrived at the perfect solution just yet."
Here's a closer look at Klout and Kred and the pros and cons of using them for hiring:
How it works: Your Klout score is a number between 1 and 100 that quantifies your sphere of influence in the social media world. Klout says its algorithm arrives at the number by examining more than 400 data points on Facebook, Twitter and other social media sites, including the quality of your followers and how they share your information with their network. Klout is free and you can sign up as an individual or a brand.
Pros: Klout can be a fine tool to start with if you're looking to hire an expert or an influencer to promote your business online. The site has more than 100 million profile pages and the score is used by other online tools such as Hootsuite and Bing to show most influential followers and relevant search results. Profiles are clear and easy to read, and you can see who is on top of any topic by clicking the topic link on your profile page.
In addition, Klout has created a new tool called Klout for Business, which includes a set of analytics designed to help owners quickly gauge their social media effectiveness. Expected to launch in the next few weeks, the tool enables users to see at a glance which of their social networks is getting the most buzz, who the influencers are on each network and the topics that are important to followers.
Cons: A keyword search returns a list of accounts with that word in the name or description, not the most influential people in that category.
The site's algorithm places too much emphasis on having powerful connections -- no matter how the connection was made or how engaged the person is with the individual. Therefore, what does a Klout score really mean?
How it works: Kred differentiates itself by offering what Klout lacks -- a clearer explanation of the influence score. Kred awards points when another person interacts with your content. The more influential the connection, the higher the points.
Pros: In addition to the influence score, Kred also displays an outreach score. A high number here means the person frequently engages with the work of others by sharing, replying or following new accounts. If you're looking for someone who knows how to engage over social media, these are the people most likely to help.
Looking at your own influence, you should find many more data points on the Kred dashboard, including a count of social media mentions, a 30-day follower graph and a list of the communities you influence.
Cons: Kred offers so many data points the dashboard can be overwhelming. It offers a solid overview of a person's social media influence, but might not be as helpful if you're looking to network with a leader in your field as the Top Influencer reports aren't always completely accurate. For example, a test search for the top influencers in the field of "Publishing" returned Snooki from MTV's Jersey Shore and Zak Bagans from the TV show Ghost Adventures.
Have you used tools like Klout or Kred during the
hiring process? Let us know in the comments below.
Copyright © 2013 Entrepreneur.com, Inc. | <urn:uuid:92d567a2-0c5e-4c05-ba4c-c7ebc7628608> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.nbcnews.com/id/51386075/ns/business-small_business/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279933.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00124-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95349 | 920 | 1.507813 | 2 |
May marks Celiac Disease Awareness Month, with the goals of raising awareness of the disease and its potential health complications, and also to help elucidate which patients warrant diagnostic testing for the disease.
A few days ago on Twitter, I noticed that #glutenfree was trending (again). It is fascinating to observe how gluten-free businesses are beyond booming as diseases and conditions such as celiac disease, wheat allergy, and non-celiac gluten intolerance are becoming increasingly recognized and afforded their deserved attention. But, as many, including the national organization, The Celiac Disease Foundation, attest on Twitter, #glutenfreeisnotatrend for those who suffer from one of the above ailments, and particularly for celiacs, for whom treatment requires a strict gluten-free diet.
Knowing the many clinical implications of non-adherence to a gluten-free diet that celiacs may suffer from, including but not limited to premature osteoporosis, chronic iron deficiency and anemia, infertility, weight loss and malabsorption, and enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma, in whom should we have a high suspicion to consider celiac disease as a possible diagnosis? An understanding of the classic symptoms that patients endorse that ought to raise a red flag is well-outlined in a 2013 review article from the American Journal of Gastroenterology. Additionally, though this list is certainly not exhaustive, there are also certainly groups of patients in which particular conditions or clinical signs occur in significantly higher incidence in those who are eventually found to have celiac disease.
1. IBS-M (irritable bowel syndrome, mixed-type) and IBS-D (diarrhea-type). Patients who carry a diagnosis of these IBS subsets should be screened, as celiac disease is found more commonly in such populations.
2. Certain autoimmune diseases. One autoimmune disease begets another, and celiac disease is no different. Comorbid diseases in particular that patients with celiac disease share include microscopic colitis, type I diabetes mellitus, Sjogren’s, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, autoimmune liver diseases, and inflammatory bowel disease, to name just a few.
3. Unexplained iron deficiency with or without anemia in premenopausal women. Though it is not uncommon for menstruating female patients to suffer from low iron stores, and even anemia, celiac serologies should be obtained to rule out iron malabsorption secondary to the duodenal villous atrophy that celiac disease creates.
4. Family history of celiac disease in a 1st degree relative. Celiac disease has been shown to run in families, so patients, particularly those with digestive symptoms, should also undergo screening.
Finally, what are the best screening tests? If we could choose one, a tissue transglutaminase IgA antibody (tTGA) is the best test, given its high sensitivity and specificity. The caveat, though, is that close to 10% of celiacs are IgA deficient, so it would be prudent to check for an IgA level along with the tTGA.
Celiac disease affects close to 1% of the US population, which is not an insignificant number. Interestingly, population studies are finding that celiac does not discriminate – it affects all ages, races, and ethnicities. As we learn more about the disease, we find that its clinical presentation is becoming more varied, more nuanced, and can even manifest without gastrointestinal symptoms. The sooner we diagnose our patients with celiac disease and prescribe to them a strict gluten-free diet, the higher likelihood we have in potentially avoiding the morbidities that come along with the disease. So, here’s to Celiac Awareness Month.
Sophie M. Balzora is a gastroenterologist and can be reached on Twitter @SophieBalzoraMD. | <urn:uuid:89088007-79ae-47b3-839a-4726ce64579f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kevinmd.com/2014/05/test-celiac-disease.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00277.warc.gz | en | 0.941832 | 803 | 2.578125 | 3 |
The Cyrus Cylinder
- The Cyrus Cylinder
The Cyrus cylinder: clay cylinder; a Babylonian account of the conquest of Babylon by Cyrus in 539 BC, of his restoration to various temples of statues removed by Nabonidus, the previous king of Babylon, and of his own work at Babylon. The cylindrical form is typical of royal inscriptions of the Late Babylonian period, and the text shows that the cylinder was written to be buried in the foundations of the city wall of Babylon. It was deposited there after the capture of the city by Cyrus in 539 BC, and presumably written on his orders.
The text is incomplete. It is written in Babylonian script and language and records that Nabonidus, the last King of Babylon (555-539 BC), had perverted the cults of the Babylonian gods, including Marduk, the city-god of Babylon, and had imposed labour-service on its free population, who complained to the gods. The gods responded by deserting Babylon, but Marduk looked around for a champion to restore the old ways. He chose Cyrus, King of Anshan (Persia), and declared him king of the world. First Cyrus expanded his kingship over the tribes of Iran (described as Gutians and Ummanmanda), ruling them justly. Then Marduk ordered Cyrus to march on Babylon, which he entered without a fight. Nabonidus was delivered into his hands and the people of Babylon joyfully accepted the kingship of Cyrus.
From this point on, the document is written as if Cyrus himself is speaking: 'I, Cyrus, king of the world ...'.He presents himself as a worshipper of Marduk who strove for peace in Babylon and abolished the labour-service of its population. The people of neighbouring countries brought tribute to Babylon, and Cyrus claims to have restored their temples and religious cults, and to have returned their previously deported gods and people.
The text ends with a note of additional food offerings in the temples of Babylon and an account of the rebuilding of Imgur-Enlil, the city wall of Babylon, during the course of which an earlier building inscription of Ashurbanipal, King of Assyria (668-627 BC), was found.
- 539BC (after)
- Made in: Babylon
- (Asia,Middle East,Iraq,South Iraq,Babylon)
- Excavated/Findspot: Amran, For the evidence on findspot see Walker C B F 1972a.
- (Asia,Middle East,Iraq,South Iraq,Amran (Babylon))
- Length: 21.9 centimetres
- Diameter: 10 centimetres (maximum)
- Diameter: 7.8 centimetres (end A)
- Diameter: 7.9 centimetres (end B)
Inscription TranslationNew translation by Irving Finkel, Curator of Cuneiform Collections at the British Museum:
[When …] … [… wor]ld quarters […] … a low person was put in charge of his country, but he set [a (…) counter]feit over them. He ma[de] a counterfeit of Esagil [and …] … for Ur and the rest of the cult-cities. Rites inappropriate to them, [impure] fo[od- offerings …] disrespectful […] were daily gabbled, and, intolerably, he brought the daily offerings to a halt; he inter[fered with the rites and] instituted […] within the sanctuaries. In his mind, reverential fear of Marduk, king of the gods, came to an end. He did yet more evil to his city every day; … his [people…], he brought ruin on them all by a yoke without relief. Enlil-of-the-gods became extremely angry at their complaints, and […] their territory. The gods who lived within them left their shrines, angry that he had made them enter into Babylon (Shuanna). Ex[alted Marduk, Enlil-of-the-Go]ds, relented. He changed his mind about all the settlements whose sanctuaries were in ruins and the population of the land of Sumer and Akkad who had become like corpses, and took pity on them. He inspected and checked all the countries, seeking for the upright king of his choice. He took under his hand Cyrus, king of the city of Anshan, and called him by his name, proclaiming him aloud for the kingship over all of everything. He made the land of the Qutu and all the Medean troops prostrate themselves at his feet, while he looked out in justice and righteousness for the black-headed people whom he had put under his care. Marduk, the great lord, who nurtures his people, saw with pleasure his fine deeds and true heart and ordered that he should go to Babylon He had him take the road to Tintir, and, like a friend and companion, he walked at his side. His vast troops whose number, like the water in a river, could not be counted, marched fully-armed at his side. He had him enter without fighting or battle right into Shuanna; he saved his city Babylon from hardship. He handed over to him Nabonidus, the king who did not fear him. All the people of Tintir, of all Sumer and Akkad, nobles and governors, bowed down before him and kissed his feet, rejoicing over his kingship and their faces shone. The lord through whose trust all were rescued from death and who saved them all from distress and hardship, they blessed him sweetly and praised his name.
I am Cyrus, king of the universe, the great king, the powerful king, king of Babylon, king of Sumer and Akkad, king of the four quarters of the world, son of Cambyses, the great king,, king of the city of Anshan, grandson of Cyrus, the great king, ki[ng of the ci]ty of Anshan, descendant of Teispes, the great king, king of Anshan, the perpetual seed of kingship, whose reign Bel and Nabu love, and with whose kingship, to their joy, they concern themselves.
When I went as harbinger of peace i[nt]o Babylon I founded my sovereign residence within the palace amid celebration and rejoicing. Marduk, the great lord, bestowed on me as my destiny the great magnanimity of one who loves Babylon, and I every day sought him out in awe. My vast troops marched peaceably in Babylon, and the whole of [Sumer] and Akkad had nothing to fear. I sought the welfare of the city of Babylon and all its sanctuaries. As for the population of Babylon […, w]ho as if without div[ine intention] had endured a yoke not decreed for them, I soothed their weariness, I freed them from their bonds(?). Marduk, the great lord, rejoiced at [my good] deeds, and he pronounced a sweet blessing over me, Cyrus, the king who fears him, and over Cambyses, the son [my] issue, [and over] my all my troops, that we might proceed further at his exalted command. All kings who sit on thrones, from every quarter, from the Upper Sea to the Lower Sea, those who inhabit [remote distric]ts (and) the kings of the land of Amurru who live in tents, all of them, brought their weighty tribute into Shuanna, and kissed my feet. From [Shuanna] I sent back to their places to the city of Ashur and Susa, Akkad, the land of Eshnunna, the city of Zamban, the city of Meturnu, Der, as far as the border of the land of Qutu - the sanctuaries across the river Tigris - whose shrines had earlier become dilapidated, the gods who lived therein, and made permanent sanctuaries for them. I collected together all of their people and returned them to their settlements, and the gods of the land of Sumer and Akkad which Nabonidus – to the fury of the lord of the gods – had brought into Shuanna, at the command of Marduk, the great lord, I returned them unharmed to their cells, in the sanctuaries that make them happy. May all the gods that I returned to their sanctuaries, every day before Marduk and Nabu, ask for a long life for me, and mention my good deeds, and say to Marduk, my lord, this: “Cyrus, the king who fears you, and Cambyses his son, may their … […] […….].” The population of Babylon call blessings on my kingship, and I have enabled all the lands to live in peace. Every day I copiously supplied [… ge]ese, two ducks and ten pigeons more than the geese, ducks and pigeons […]. I sought out to strengthen the guard on the wall Imgur-Enlil, the great wall of Babylon, and […] the quay of baked brick on the bank of the moat which an earlier king had bu[ilt but not com]pleted, [I …] its work. [… which did not surround the city] outside, which no earlier king had built, his troops, the levee from his land, in/to Shuanna. […] with bitumen and baked brick I built anew, and completed its work. […] great [doors of cedarwood] with copper cladding. I installed all their doors, threshold slabs and door fittings with copper parts. […] I saw within it an inscription of Ashurbanipal, a king who preceded me, […] … […] … [… for] ever.
Inscription CommentThe following translation (by Michalowski) is given by Chavalas (ed.) 2006, and reproduced by permission of the author and publisher. A slightly different English translation was published previously by Pritchard, and repeated by Ghias Abadi on pp. 35-36 with Farsi on pp. 15-22, French on pp. 33-34 and German (after Berger) on pp. 30-31.
[When ...] his ... [...] the regions ..., an insignificant (candidate) was installed as high priestess (of the Moon) in his land, and [...] he imposed upon them. He made a replica of the Esaggil, [... established] improper rites for Ur and the remaining cult centres as well as [unclean offer]ings; daily he continuously uttered unfaithful (prayers); furthermore he maliciously suspended the regular offerings and upset the rites. He plotted to end the worship of Marduk and continuously perpetuated evil against his city. Daily [he ...] brought all his [people] to ruin by (imposing) toils without rest.
Hearing their complaints, the Enlil of the Gods was terribly angry [and left] their territory; the gods living amongst them abandoned their abodes. (Nabonidus) brought them into Babylon, to (Marduk’s) fury. Marduk, ex[alted one, the Enlil of the God]s, roamed through all the places that had been abandoned, (and upon seeing this) reconciled his anger and showed mercy to the people of Sumer and Akkad who had become (as) corpses.
He sought and looked through all the lands, searching for a righteous king whose hand he could grasp. He called to rule Cyrus, king of Anshan, and announced his name as the king of the universe. He made the Guti-land and all the Medes (Ummanmanda) bow in submission at his feet and so (Cyrus) assiduously looked after the justice and well-being of the Black-Headed People over whom he had been made victorious (by Marduk). And Marduk, the great lord, leader of his people, looked happily at the good deeds and steadfast mind of Cyrus and ordered him to march to his own city Babylon, set him on the road to Babylon, and went alongside him like a friend and companion. His teeming army, uncounted like water (flowing) in a river, marched with him fully armed. (Marduk) allowed him to enter Babylon without battle or fight, sparing his own city of Babylon from hardship, and delivered Nabonidus, who had not worshipped him, into his hands.
All the people of Babylon, the entire land of Sumer and Akkad, rulers and princes, bowed down to him, kissed his feet, and rejoiced at his rule, filled with delight. They happily greeted him as the lord, by means of whose trust those who were as dead were revived and saved from all trial and hardship; they praised his name.
I am Cyrus, king of the world, great king, mighty king, king of Babylon, king of the lands of Sumer and Akkad, king of the four quarters of the universe, son of Cambyses, great king, king of Anshan, descendant of Teispes, great king, king of Anshan, from an ancient royal lineage, whose reign is beloved by (the gods) Marduk and Nabu, whose kingship they desired to make them glad.
After entering Babylon in peace, amidst joy and jubilation I made the royal palace the centre of my rule. The great lord Marduk, who loves Babylon, with great magnanimity, established (it) as (my) destiny, and I sought to worship him each day. My teeming army paraded about Babylon in peace, and I did not allow any trouble in all of Sumer and Akkad. I took great care to peacefully (protect) the city of Babylon and its cult places. (And) as for the citizens of Babylon … whom (Nabonidus) had made subservient in a manner (totally) unsuited to them against the will of the gods, I released them from their weariness and loosened their burden. The great lord Marduk rejoiced in my deeds. Kindly he blessed me, Cyrus, the king, his worshipper, Cambyses, the offspring of my loins, and all of my troops, so that we could go about in peace and well-being.
By his lofty command, all enthroned kings, the whole world, from the Upper Sea to the Lower Sea, inhabitants of distant regions, all the kings of the West, tent dwellers, brought their heavy tribute to me in Babylon and kissed my feet. From [Babylon] to Ashur and Susa, Agade, Eshnunna, the cities of Zamban, Meturnu, Der as far as the borders of the Gutians – I returned to these sanctuaries on the other side of the Tigris, sanctuaries founded in ancient times, the images that had been in them there and I made their dwellings permanent. I also gathered all their people and returned to them their habitations. And then at the command of Marduk, the great lord, I resettled all the gods of Sumer and Akkad whom Nabonidus had brought into Babylon to the anger of the lord of the gods in their shrines, the places which they enjoy. May all the gods whom I have resettled in their sacred cities ask Marduk and Nabu each day for a long life for me and speak well of me to him; may they say to Marduk, my lord that Cyrus, the king who worships you, and Canbyses, his son … their … I settled all the people of Babylon who prayed for my kingship and all their lands in a peaceful place. Daily I supplied (the temple) [with offerings of x gee]se, two ducks, and ten turtledoves above the former (offerings) of geese, ducks, and turtledoves. The wall Imgur-Enlil, the great (city) wall of Babylon, I strove to strengthen its fortifications […] the baked brick quay on the bank of the city moat, constructed by an earlier king, but not completed, its work [I … thus the city had not been completely surrounded], so [to complete] the outside, which no king before me had done, its troops, mustered in all the land, into Babylon […]. I made it anew with bitumen and baked bricks and [finished the work upon it … I istalled doors of] mighty [cedar] clad with bronze, thresholds and door-opening[s cast of copper in all] its [gates … I saw inside it an in]scription of Ashurbanipal, a king who came before [me … for e]ver.
Translation by Piotr Michalowski, published on pp. 428-29 in 'Historical Sources in Translation: The Ancient Near East', ed. Mark Chavalas (Blackwell, 2006), reproduced with the permission of the authors and publisher.
Inscription Translation[one line destroyed]
… [r]ims (of the world) … a weakling has been installed as the enû of his country; [the correct images of the gods he removed from their thrones, imi]tations he ordered to place upon them. A replica of the temple Esagila he has … for Ur and the other sacred cities inappropriate rituals … daily he did blabber [incorrect prayers]. He (furthermore) interrupted in a fiendish way the regular offerings, he did … he established within the sacred cities. The worship of Marduk, the king of the gods, he [chang]ed into abomination, daily he used to do evil against his (i.e. Marduk’s) city … He [tormented] its [inhabitant]s with corvée work without relief, he ruined them all.
Upon their complaints the lord of the gods became terribly angry and [he departed from] their region, (also) the (other) gods living among them left their mansions, wroth that he had brought (them) into Babylon (Šu.an.na). (But) Marduk [who does care for] … on account of (the fact that) the sanctuaries of all their settlements were in ruins and the inhabitants of Sumer and Akkad had become like (living) dead, turned back (his countenance) [his] an[ger] [abated] and he had mercy (upon them). He scanned and looked (through) all the countries, searching for a righteous ruler willing to lead him (i.e. Marduk) (in the annual procession). (Then) he pronounced the name of Cyrus (Ku-ra-aš), king of Anshan, declared him (literally: pronounced [his] name) to be(come) the ruler of all the world. He made the Guti country and all the Manda-hordes bow in submission to his (i.e. Cyrus’) feet. And he (Cyrus) did always endeavour to treat according to justice the black-headed whom he (Marduk) has made him conquer. Marduk, the great lord, a protector of his people/worshippers, beheld with pleasure his (i.e. Cyrus’) good deeds and his upright mind (literally: heart) (and therefore) ordered him to march against his city Babylon (Ká.dingir.ra). He made him set out on the road to Babylon (DIN.TIR) going at his side like a real friend. His widespread troops – their number, like that of the water of a river, could not be established – strolled along, their weapons packed away. Without any battle, he made him enter his town Babylon (Šu.an.na), sparing Babylon (Ká.dingir.ra) any calamity. He delivered into his (i.e. Cyrus’) hands Nabonidus, the king who did not worship him (i.e. Marduk). All the inhabitants of Babylon (DIN.TIR) as well as of the entire country of Sumer and Akkad, princes and governors (included), bowed to him (Cyrus) and kissed his feet, jubilant that he (had received) the kingship, and with shining faces. Happily they greeted him as a master through whose help they had come (again) to life from death (and) had all been spared damage and disaster, and they worshipped his (very) name.
I am Cyrus, king of the world, great king, legitimate king, king of Babylon, king of Sumer and Akkad, king of the four rims (of the earth), son of Cambyses (Ka-am-bu-zi-ia), great king, king of Anshan, grandson of Cyrus, great king, king of Anshan, descendant of Teispes (Si-iš-pi-iš), great king, king of Anshan, of a family (which) always (exercised) kingship; whose rule Bel and Nebo love, whom they want as a king to please their hearts.
When I entered Babylon (DIN.TIR) as a friend and (when) I established the seat of the government in the palace of the ruler under jubilation and rejoicing, Marduk, the great lord, [induced] the magnaminous inhabitants of Babylon (DIN.TIR) [to love me], and I was daily endeavouring to worship him. My numerous troops walked around in Babylon (DIN.TIR) in peace, I did not allow anybody to terrorise (any place) of [the country of Sumer] and Akkad. I strove for peace in Babylon (Ká.dingir.ra) and in all his (other) sacred cities. As to the inhabitants of Babylon (DIN.TIR), [they saw their] hearts con[tent] (because) [I abolished] the corvée which was against their (social) standing. I brought relief to their dilapidated housing, putting (thus) an end to their (main) complaints. Marduk, the great lord, was well pleased with my deeds and sent friendly blessings to myself, Cyrus, the king who worships him, to Cambyses, my son, the offspring of [my] lions, as well as to all my troops, and we all [praised] his great [godhead] joyously, standing before him in peace.
All the kings of the entire world from the Upper to the Lower Sea, those who are seated in throne rooms, (those who)live in other [types of buildings as well as] all the kings of the West land living in tents, brought their heavy tributes and kissed my feet in Babylon (Šu.an.na). (As to the region) from … as far as Ashur and Susa, Agade, Eshnunna, the towns Zamban, Me-Turnu, Der as well as the region of the Gutians, I returned to (these) sacred cities on the other side of the Tigris, the sanctuaries of which have been ruins for a long time, the images which (used) to live therein and established for them permanent sanctuaries. I (also) gathered all their (former) inhabitants and returned (to them) their habitations. Furthermore, I resettled upon the command of Marduk, the great lord, all the gods of Sumer and Akkad whom Nabonidus has brought into Babylon (Šu.an.na) to the anger of the lord of the gods, unharmed, in their (former) chapels, the places which make them happy.
May all the gods whom I have resettled in their sacred cities ask daily Bel and Nebo for a long life for me and may they recommend me (to him); to Marduk, my lord, they may say this: “Cyrus, the king who worships you, and Cambyses, his son, …” … all of them I settled in a peaceful place … ducks and doves, … I endeavoured to fortify (or repair) their dwelling places …
(Translation given in Pritchard, 'Ancient Near Eastern Texts', pp.315-16)
Displaying the Cyrus cylinder
This object has been more or less continually displayed in the British Museum since its discovery in 1879. The style of display has changed according to which gallery or case it was displayed. In 1971 it was loaned for the first time to Iran. This followed an official request by the Iranian Government through the ambassador in London for the temporary loan of this object to Tehran to mark the opening celebrations of the 2,500 anniversary of kingship in Iran. This was reported to the Trustees by R.D. Barnett, then Keeper of the Department of Western Asiatic Antiquities (in which department it was held) to the Trustees on 9 July 1971 (Trustees File, PG 3054). This object was taken to Iran from 7-22 October 1971 by R.D. Barnett at the expense of the Iranian government (recorded in the WAA Transfers book, entry dated 7.x.71). The object was "selected ... in spite of its damaged state and somewhat slight aesthetic appeal, as the national symbol of the entire celebrations and illustrated ... as prominently as possible on every instrument of publicity, including a postage stamp" and placed on temporary display "as the central piece of a select exhibition in a newly built monument, near Mehrabad airport, called the Shahyad Monument, which contains in its basement a small but well laid out museum of selected exhibits" (Trustees File, PG3291, report by Barnett read to the Board of Trustees 30 October 1971, including reference to the considerable press attention in Iran, and the safe return of the object). A photograph purporting to be of this object at Persepolis placed on top of a column base is published in b/w by R.M. Ghias Abadi ("Cylinder of Cyrus", Tehran 2001, third edition, pp. 20-21); this presumably reflects the fact that a massive ceremony to celebrate the 2500 anniversary was enacted at this site on 15 October 1971 but the object in this photograph was actually a copy rather than the original. This copy (a plaster cast) was taken to Persepolis on this occasion by the Reverend Norman Sharp and presented by him to Mr Ali Sami of the Persepolis Museum. The loan of the original was sanctioned by the Trustees, 24 July 1971; report by Barnett read at the Trustees meeting, 30 October 1971, after which it was concluded that "Despite a press campaign for its transfer to Iranian ownership, Dr. Barnett was able to bring the cylinder back to London without difficulty on 22 October. He believed that the Iranian Government might wish to make an application for a fresh loan of the object at the conclusion of the Trustees' exhibition, "Royal Persia", perhaps for the remainder of the Cyrus Year, ending in March 1972. While reaffirming their view that it had been right to lend the Cylinder for the opening ceremonies of the anniversary celebrations, the Board decided that it would be undesirable to make a further loan of the Cylinder to Iran".Press history
Press items specifically dealing with this object and its loan history include: Martin Bailey: "How Britain tried to use a Persian antiquity for political gain", 'The Art Newspaper', no. 150, September 2004, p.18 [making use particularly of declassified Foreign Office files at the Public Record Office]. Louise Jury: "2,500-year-old charter of rights to revisit Iran", 'The Independent', Saturday 11 September 2004, p.9.
Matthew Norman: "We've lost the authority to lecture Iran", 'The Independent', Friday 30 March 2007, p. 51, following the Iranian seizure of British military personnel in the Persian Gulf, and beginning with a mis-quotation about this object and its popular title as "the First Charter of Human Rights", thus: "I announce that I will respect the traditions, customs and religions of the nations of my empire ... While I am the King of Iran, Babylon and the nations of the four directions, I will never let anyone oppress any others, and if it occurs I will ... penalise the oppressor. I will never let anyone take possession of movable and landed properties of the others by force ..."Condition of the Cyrus Cylinder
The object was found in several fragments in the 19th century and even after restoration is incomplete. The core is made of clay containing unusually large grey stone inclusions and was formed by initially making a cone shape, building up the cylinder form with additional clay and finally adding a much finer surface slip of clay over the surfaces prior to writing the inscription. It was then fired. This sequence of stages suggests that it was mass-produced but the coarse matrix of the core contributed to its later instability and explains why it broke into several pieces in antiquity. It was refired in 1961 as part of its museum conservation and a limited amount of plaster filling added in the 1970s before and after the addition of another fragment from the Yale Babylonian Collection and the moulding of the object for the purposes of making a type cast. An additional fragment, NBC 2504 on loan from the Yale Babylonian Collection, restores part of the text of lines 36-45 (giving details of the building operations at Babylon and describing Cyrus' discovery of an earlier foundation inscription of Ashurbanipal) is joined to the back of the Cylinder. The identification of this fragment in Yale was reported by Barnett to the Trustees on 7 January 1972, and its loan agreed by the Trustees, 22 January 1972. In 2007 the plaster was removed in order to enhance the appearance of the object and better show how it had been made.
Interpretation of the Cyrus Cylinder
The whole document is written from a purely Babylonian point of view in traditional Babylonian terms, and it has been suggested that its author took the Ashurbanipal inscription as his literary model. There is no acknowledgement that Cyrus himself worshipped the Iranian god Ahuramazda. He is the tool of Marduk, just as in the biblical book of Ezra he is presented as the servant of the god of Israel who is instructed to rebuild the temple in Jerusalem and allow the Jews deported by Nebuchadnezzar II to return home.
Because of its references to just and peaceful rule, and to the restoration of deported peoples and their gods the cylinder has in recent years been referred to in some quarters as a kind of 'charter of human rights'. Such a concept would have been quite alien to Cyrus's contemporaries, and indeed the cylinder says nothing of human rights; but the return of the Jews and of other deported peoples was a significant reversal of the policies of earlier Assyrian and Babylonian kings.
The publication of this object as an example of Achaemenid rather than Babylonian propaganda dates from the 1970s onwards. See for example Wiesehofer (1996, pl. XIb), who captions his illustration as "The so-called 'Cyrus Cylinder' from Babylon, written on clay in cuneiform script, was an Achaemenid propaganda document intended to legitimize and glorify Cyrus' rule in Babylonia". There is an extensive and growing literature on the significance of this object in this connection, including R.J. van der Spek, "Did Cyrus the Great introduce a new policy towards subdued nations?" in: 'Persica' 10 (1982), pp. 278-83.Moulds and casts of the Cyrus Cylinder
The object was first moulded in 1962 following a request for a cast from the Minister of the Imperial Court of the Shah of Iran in 1961 in preparation for the 2500 jubilee originally planned for this period. A second cast was made from the same mould in August/September 1971 following a separate request from the Reverend Norman Sharp who took this cast with him when he attended the 2,500 year celebrations in October 1971: he presented it to his friend Mr Ali Sami, then director of the Persepolis museum. A further request was received via Mr Shapurian, the press attache of the Iranian embassy in London, in 1971 who was informed that it "would take about two weeks to make" (letter dated 2 November 1971). Secondary casts re-moulded from one of these which had been sent to Tehran were distributed by the Shah of Iran, including one which is displayed in the fort museum of Umm al-Qaiwain (UAE). They have also been sold commercially by the British Museum, National Museum in Tehran and assorted companies since that period. Those sold by the BM were marketed as part of their "Biblical Archaeology" series (1992 Casts catalogue). On 14 October, Princess Ashraf Pahlavi, the sister of the Shah, presented a cast to the United Nations Secretary General, Sithu U Thant. The display was made by the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the text translated into the six official languages of the UN.
A modified cast was made after the join of the Yale fragment when the object was sent for moulding by Mr A.G. Prescott between 7 May and 13 August 1975.
- Ghias Abadi 2001a
- Berger 1975a
- Walker 1972a
- Harmatta J 1971a
- Kuhrt A 1988a
- Kuhrt A 1983a
- Harmatta J 1974a
- Finkel 2013a (definitive account of the text with discovery, display history and modern resonances)
- Curtis & Tallis 2005 cat.6, p. 59
- Pinder-Wilson 1971a no.18
- Nies J B & Keiser C E 1920a no.32 (first publication of joining fragment in Yale)
- Rawlinson H C & Pinches T G 1884a no.35 (first publication of)
- Mitchell 1988 no.44, p.83
- Rassam H 1897a p. 267
- Guide 1900a p.172, photograph
- Weissbach 1911a p.2 ff. (with transliteration)
- Allen 2005a p.26
- Curtis 1993a p.55: illustration
- Wiesehofer J 1996a pl. XIb
- Curtis 1997a pl.11
- Grayson & Redford 1973 pp.124-26
- Pritchard 1950a pp.315-16 (translation by A L Oppenheim)
- Chavalas M W 2006a pp.426-30 (entry by Piotr Michalowski)
- Habershon A R 1909a pp.77-81 (discusses content in connection with the display at that time)
On display: G52/dc4
2014 April- BM, G52/Iran/4
2013-2014 Dec-Mar, CSMVS, Mumbai, 'Cyrus Cylinder'
2013 27 Sept-early Dec, Los Angeles, J. Paul Getty Museum, 'Cyrus Cylinder'
2013 9 Aug-20 Sept, San Francisco, Asian Arts Museum, 'Cyrus Cylinder'
2013 21 June-2 Aug, New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 'Cyrus Cylinder'
2013 3 May-14 June, Houston, Museum of Fine Arts, 'Cyrus Cylinder'
2013 15 Mar-26 Apr, Washington, Freer Sackler Gallery, 'Cyrus Cylinder'
2010-2011 12 Sept-12 Jan, Tehran, National Museum of Iran, 'The Cyrus Cylinder'.
2008-2009 13 Nov-15 Mar, BM, G35, 'Babylon: Myth and Reality'
2007 - 15 Jun, BM, G52/Iran/4
2006-2007 9 Aug-2 Apr, BM, G2/The Changing Museum, wall-case 76
2006 7 Mar-11 Jun, Barcelona, Fundacion La Caixa, 'L'imperi Oblidat'
2005-2006 Sept-Jan, BM, 'Forgotten Empire'
1995-2005 17 Nov-Aug, BM, G52/IRAN/6/7
1994 16 Jun-23 Dec, BM, G49/IRAN/6/9
1975-1990 6 Jul-end, BM, Iranian Room [IR] case 9/6
1971-1972 29 Oct-30 Jan, BM, 'Royal Persia: a commemoration of Cyrus the Great and his successors on the occasion of the 2500th anniversary of the founding of the Persian Empire'
1971 12-19 Oct, Tehran, Shahyad Monument, opening ceremonies of the 2,500 anniversary celebration of the Kingship in Iran
1930s BM, Persian Room, wall-case [WC] 15, top shelf
1900-1922 (at least) BM, Babylonian Room, table-case G, no.67
Incomplete; refired 28 August 1961.
- Named in inscription: Susa
- (Asia,Middle East,Iran,South West Iran,Khuzistan (province),Shush,Susa)
- Named in inscription: Anshan
- (Asia,Middle East,Iran,South Iran,Fars (province),Marv Dasht,Tal-i Malyan,Anshan)
- Named in inscription: Eshnunna
- (Asia,Middle East,Iraq,South Iraq,Eshnunna)
- Named in inscription: Ashur
- (Asia,Middle East,Iraq,North Iraq,Ashur)
- Named in inscription: Akkad
- (Asia,Iraq,South Iraq)
- Named in inscription: River Tigris
- (Asia,River Tigris)
- Named in inscription: Babylon
- (Asia,Middle East,Iraq,South Iraq,Babylon)
- Named in inscription: Der
- (Asia,Iraq,South Iraq,Wasit (Muhafazat),Tell Aqar)
- Named in inscription: Meturnu
- (Asia,Iran,West Iran,Kurdistan (Iran),Meturnu)
- Named in inscription: Zamban
- (Asia,Iran,West Iran,Kurdistan (Iran),Zamban)
- Named in inscription: Gutium
- (Asia,Middle East,Iran,West Iran,Gutium)
Excavated in March 1879; acquisition reported in the BM Return for 1880 (p.18).
- BM.12049 (previously)
The Cyrus cylinder; clay cylinder; a Babylonian account of the conquest of Babylon by Cyrus in 539 BC, of his restoration to various temples of statues removed by Nabonidus, the previous king of Babylon, and of his own work at Babylon.
If you’ve noticed a mistake or have any further information about this object, please email: email@example.com
Object reference number: WCT53356
British Museum collection data is also available in the W3C open data standard, RDF, allowing it to join and relate to a growing body of linked data published by organisations around the world.
The Museum makes its collection database available to be used by scholars around the world. Donations will help support curatorial, documentation and digitisation projects. | <urn:uuid:ebf72d36-d0db-4a89-8f35-289c3cb4daf5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=327188&partId=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282926.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00401-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962248 | 8,325 | 3.53125 | 4 |
From International Socialism (1st series), No.28, Spring 1967, p.28.
Transcribed & marked up by Einde O’Callaghan for the Marxists’ Internet Archive.
Essays on the Materialistic Conception of History
Historical Materialism and the Economics of Karl Marx
Pareto and Mosca
Ed. J.H. Meisel
One of the more important by-products of the destruction of the Russian revolution and the Comintern by Stalinism has been the complete distortion of Marxist theory. Current debate was prevented by all sorts of means ranging from murder to emotional blackmail. But the traditions of Marxist discussion were also distorted by a more or less conscious sifting of the classics. Works at best limited in their relevance (What is to be Done?, Empirio-Criticism, much of Anti-Dühring) were proclaimed as universal truths. Other writings, not benefiting from the cheap printing and massive propaganda available from Moscow, faded into oblivion. One of the writers most to suffer (outside Italy at least) was Labriola. For decades his Essays on the Materialistic Conception of History have been virtually unobtainable. Yet they are one of the best expositions of historical materialism. That is not to say that they are perfect. Their style may not be immediately appealing and some of their factual content is dated. But had they been more readily available much that still passes as Marxism and much that still passes as academically respectable criticism of Marxism could not have seemed like the real thing.
Croce’s book consists of essays which attempt to criticise or elucidate various concepts of Marxism. These first appeared in the 1890s as Croce himself was moving away from his earlier Marxism to his later peculiar form of idealism. Their approach is essentially eclectic. Nurtured on Labriola, Croce could not accept the facile criticisms of Marxism made, for instance, by subjectivist economists. But neither does he reject them. Instead he tries to combine them; alongside the ‘sociological’ economics of Marx there is supposed to be room for the ‘general’ economics of the Austrian school. The only merit of this position is that it is more honest than so many other ‘refutations’ of Marx.
Pareto and Mosca were Italian contemporaries of Labriola and Croce. Despite substantial differences both believed in the inevitability of a small class ruling society. This enabled them to combine a view of society emphasising class struggle with a conservative elitism. The selection of essays Meisel has edited are in the main critical, pointing the empty, almost tautological character of the theories and their reactionary consequences (Pareto sympathised with the Fascists). But the very emptiness of the theory means that criticism of it can hardly be interesting, even if ideologically satisfying.
Last updated on 15 November 2009 | <urn:uuid:251fc77c-d801-4599-9b02-2db813e4aa4f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.marxists.org/archive/harman/1967/xx/italo.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00253-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963843 | 598 | 2.421875 | 2 |
Accelerated hydrothermal ageing of Pd/Al2O3for catalytic combustion of ventilation air methane
Setiawan, A., Friggieri, J., Bryant, G., Kennedy, E.M., Dlugogorski, B.Z. and Stockenhuber, M. (2015) Accelerated hydrothermal ageing of Pd/Al2O3for catalytic combustion of ventilation air methane. Catalysis Science and Technology, 5 (8). pp. 4008-4016.
*Subscription may be required
In this report, the characteristics of Pd/Al2O3 catalyst after long-term stability tests in catalytic combustion of simulated ventilation air methane gas were investigated with the objective of understanding catalyst deactivation phenomena. It was found that the deactivation is primarily due to palladium migration and particle growth and is the most prominent in the presence of water vapour. The formation of α-Al2O3 during long-term stability tests explains the changes in pore structures which is responsible for re-dispersion of palladium particles. Four accelerated ageing procedures were performed with an aim of mimicking the properties of used catalysts which have been operating continuously for extended time periods (over 1100 h). XRD patterns of aged catalysts disclose the absence of an alpha-alumina phase, suggesting that the transformation of alumina phase occurred at a very slow rate. Among the four procedures, ageing under wet-oxidizing atmosphere provides the catalyst bed that is the best match to the properties of long-term used catalysts in terms of performance and the characterization employed. Increasing the aging temperature up to 830°C leads to depletion of surface palladium, which permanently reduces the performance of the catalyst.
|Publication Type:||Journal Article|
|Murdoch Affiliation:||School of Engineering and Information Technology|
|Publisher:||The Royal Society of Chemistry|
|Copyright:||© The Royal Society of Chemistry.|
|Item Control Page| | <urn:uuid:69c01b03-a0af-4443-b276-7a1267724eca> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/27958/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00488-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.883064 | 416 | 1.742188 | 2 |
The following is a press release prepared
by the Morgentaler Clinic in Fredericton.
En français: http://www.arcc-cdac.ca/fr/action/NB-clinique-ferme.html
FREDERICTON MORGENTALER CLINIC – BACKGROUNDER
From the moment Dr. Morgentaler announced his intention to open an abortion clinic in Fredericton, the provincial government planned to thwart his efforts. The premier at the time, Frank McKenna, stated that: “if Mr. Morgentaler tries to open a clinic in the province of New Brunswick, he’s going to get the fight of his life.” Subsequent New Brunswick governments have continued to block access to abortion services in New Brunswick.
Dr. Morgentaler was immune to their threats. He had already survived jail, threats against his life and the bombing of his Toronto clinic. The actions of the N.B. government only served to strengthen his resolve to ensure that New Brunswick women would have access to safe abortion care in his clinic and that no woman would be turned away regardless of her ability to pay. The Morgentaler Clinic opened in June, 1994 and since then has provided abortion services to more than 10,000 women in a non-judgmental, evidence based, and professional environment.
The main obstacle the New Brunswick government created for New Brunswick women who needed to access abortions was, and still is, Regulation 84-20, Schedule 2(a.1). It states that an abortion will only be covered by Medicare if:
1. It is performed in a hospital by a specialist in the field of obstetrics or gynaecology and that
2. Two doctors have certified in writing that the procedure is ‘medically necessary’.
Note: The federal government or the courts have never defined what ‘medically necessary’ means, other than the circular definition in the Canada Health Act – “medically necessary is that which is physician performed”. The provinces decide what is medically necessary under the Act, by creating a list of insured services, which are then automatically deemed medically necessary. With respect to abortion it does not mean ‘only if there is a threat to the mother or the foetus’. New Brunswick acknowledges that abortion is a ‘medically necessary’ procedure by permitting abortions in some hospitals. The same definition applies to clinics.
The practical consequence of this regulation is that, unlike in any other Canadian province with stand-alone clinics, abortions provided at the Morgentaler Clinic in Fredericton are not funded by Medicare.
Many women who need to access abortions at the Clinic cannot pay. Most financial support comes directly from the Clinic. The National Abortion Federation provides limited financial support. The amount of financial assistance provided by the Clinic speaks eloquently to the impact Regulation 84-20 has on women living on assistance, single family mothers in minimum wage jobs, students with no income, and women living in abusive relationships.
After 20 years, the Fredericton Morgentaler Clinic will be closing its doors. Regulation 84-20 remains on the books and New Brunswick women will now have no option to access abortions in the province except by meeting its discriminatory and medically unjustifiable requirements.
Had the province provided funding for clinic abortions, or paid for abortions for women without ability to pay, the Clinic would not be closing. To make matters worse, Regulation 84-20 makes it impossible for the majority of New Brunswick women to access an abortion in one of the two hospitals where this service is provided. Here’s why:
· Many women do not have a family doctor.
· Many women have a family doctor who is not pro-choice and will not make a referral. (The same physicians, some in positions of considerable influence, may refuse birth control for their patients.)
· Hospitals have long wait lists. This often means that women will be past the hospital’s 14 week gestation limit, effectively denying them the right to an abortion.
· The need for two separate visits makes it difficult for women who must arrange child care, take time off work, or find someone to drive them.
· Women are concerned about the lack of confidentiality in the hospital, especially in small communities.
The Morgentaler Clinic is closing for the following reasons:
· Many women are unable to pay for their abortions. As a result, the clinic revenue has never met expenses. Shortfalls were made up by Dr. Morgentaler personally. In the past ten years the clinic has contributed over $105,400 to subsidize abortions for women unable to pay the full amount.
· The 2008 flood caused damage to the clinic totalling more than $100,000. Many downtown businesses received some compensation but the clinic was denied any because it was not owned by a resident of New Brunswick. Had Dr. Morgentaler not paid for the required repairs to keep the clinic open, the clinic would have closed in 2008.
· The clinic cannot continue to provide abortion services that are not publically funded.
WHAT THE CLOSURE MEANS FOR NEW BRUNSWICK WOMEN
Most women will not be able to access a publically funded hospital abortion in New Brunswick. The only option is for them to travel out of province to clinics in Quebec, Ontario or Maine. If they cannot pay $700.00 today in New Brunswick, it is unlikely they will be able to find the money to travel out of province, pay for the abortion plus the costs of a hotel, meals, and childcare expenses. And, because New Brunswick excludes abortion from interprovincial reciprocal billing, any woman who resides in New Brunswick that goes to another province will have to pay herself. If she moves to another province and requires an abortion, she will pay out of pocket until she establishes permanent residency in the other province. Women who are already over the clinic’s 16 week limit will lose the clinic’s assistance in getting access to services in other provinces where abortions over 16 weeks are performed.
The New Brunswick government should join the rest of Canada. The government must repeal Regulation 84/20. They enacted it with the stroke of a pen, they can take it away with the stroke of a pen. There needs to be improved access to hospitals throughout the province. The women of New Brunswick should receive the same care as women elsewhere in Canada when it comes to their reproductive health. The denial of abortion services is an abuse of power and demonstrates a blatant lack of concern for the health of women. Concerns have already been raised about women checking on the internet for solutions to an unplanned pregnancy. Do we really want to go back to the days when women died from botched or self-induced abortions?
The government must designate and fund multiple access points across the province where women can find reliable and comprehensive information they need when considering whether or not to terminate a pregnancy. These access points must offer information in confidence and in a non-judgmental manner. The public health care consequences of leaving women at the mercy of anti-choice misinformation and harassment will otherwise be devastating.
Dr. Morgentaler’s motto was “Every Mother A Willing Mother; Every Child a Wanted Child”. If he could make this possible for women and their families, surely the Government of New Brunswick can do the same.
For further information contact:
Simone Leibovitch, Clinic Manager 451-5060
For more background information on the situation in New Brunswick, go to the Abortions Rights Coalition of Canada website – www.arcc-cdac.ca. | <urn:uuid:d74b7a2a-b9f5-4957-9c6e-983c4233a008> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.arcc-cdac.ca/action/NB-clinic-closure.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00237-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.9486 | 1,565 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Targeted Therapy in Metastatic Bladder Cancer: Present Status and Future Directions
Applied Sciences-Basel , Volume 10 - Issue 20
The recommended treatment for metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) patients is platinum-based chemotherapy. Although initial response rates are moderate, the vast majority of patients experience a relapse due to chemoresistance and eventually succumb to their disease. Furthermore, platinum-based chemotherapy is toxic and approximately 30% of mUC patients are unfit for chemotherapy. Thus, there is a clear unmet need for novel, more efficacious treatment options in mUC with a safer toxicity profile. To propel the advancement of novel treatment options, we present a summary of key signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms that are known to be involved in bladder cancer tumorigenesis with a focus on promising candidate druggable molecular targets and innovative targeted therapies currently under clinical investigation. Targetable alterations were mainly described in fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) and epidermal growth factor receptor (ErbB) tyrosine kinase receptor (RTK) families, downstream pathways, and chromatin remodelers, which are major bladder cancer driver genes. Drugs targeting the FGFR family members are emerging as personalized treatment options for selected mUC patients with tumor-specific FGFR alterations. The pan-FGFR inhibitor, erdafitinib, was first-in-class to receive U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval in 2019, while inhibitors of ErbB family members have shown less potential. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a class of targeted therapeutics that deliver cytotoxic drugs in close proximity to cancer cells by targeting RTKs or other transmembrane proteins. Enfortumab vedotin is the first-in-class ADC that was FDA approved for the treatment of locally advanced or mUC in 2019.
|, , , ,|
|Organisation||Department of Biochemistry|
Scholtes, M., Akbarzadeh, M., Zwarthoff, E.C, Boormans, J., Mahmoudi, T., & Zuiverloon, T. (2020). Targeted Therapy in Metastatic Bladder Cancer: Present Status and Future Directions. Applied Sciences-Basel, 10(20). doi:10.3390/app10207102 | <urn:uuid:1609bec0-0493-4648-895b-e802fa96fd15> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://repub.eur.nl/pub/131594 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00676.warc.gz | en | 0.89031 | 553 | 1.546875 | 2 |
18. LOCH SKEEN AND WHITE COOMB
The walk: Energetic; 6½ miles; 3 hours. One of the most dramatic walks
in Scotland's south-west, with a superb waterfall, moraines and expansive
upland views. The route passes through a gorge, best lit in May-June.
to see enlarged route map
Terrain: Gorge, heather moor, moraines, ridge, grassy slopes. Mud after
rain. Do not attempt in poor visibility; for experienced hill walkers only;
1:25,000 map recommended and compass essential.
Directions: Take the A708 from Moffat or Selkirk to car park,
conspicuous about 7 miles north-east of Moffat. Cross bridge at car park.
Walk uphill on path with waterfall on left. After around ¾ mile, keep on
east bank of burn (stream) until near loch. In just over ½ mile, cross burn
by stones below loch. Climb prominent ridge. Continue for around ¾ mile and
head for higher ridge (with wall on it) to west. The path is indistinct. (If
cloud is low and you are not equipped with a compass, or uncertain of
capability, retrace steps.)
In about ¼ mile, a wall and ridge lead off at right angles. Turn left at wall,
following ridge and wall south-west, south and south-west to Donald's Cleuch
Head. After ½ mile, continue by wall south to Firthhope Rig. In another ½
mile, go east following wall down to col and climb by wall to White Coomb.
Descend from ridge east-north-east by wall. Go east-south-east then east
past Rough Craigs by wall. After ¼ mile, continue by fence south-east,
east/south-east and south to top of steep slope above road. Bear right all
the way down on edge of forest until flat ground is reached. Return along
- ORDNANCE SURVEY MAPPING © CROWN COPYRIGHT. AM32/06 | <urn:uuid:db1329df-80a8-4d61-a411-c560d2e5c1d1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/picturegalleries/6231584/Britains-finest-half-day-and-day-walks-with-maps.html?image=17 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280587.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00561-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943834 | 452 | 1.828125 | 2 |
Times are changing and so is the way businesses are interacting with their customers. Traditional TV commercials and radio spots are still utilized by companies worldwide, however newer and more innovative mediums are growing increasingly popular. QR (Quick Response) codes, originally created in Japan to keep track of automotive parts, have become the latest trend with smartphone users and the companies that use them to promote specific products, services or events. But, with any new technology, there are several mistakes to avoid in order to ensure a successful QR code campaign for your business.
While thinking of creative ways to use QR codes in campaigns for our own clients this upcoming year, I found two articles incredibly useful that outline the do’s and don’ts of QR code campaigns. Together, Mashable and MarketRumba help provide the perfect remedies for the common QR code mistakes.
Mistake 1: Sending a person to your non-mobile ready website.
More and more businesses are starting to use QR codes in their marketing campaigns. They are using the QR codes to send the customer to their websites, thinking this is a good idea. What they fail to understand is that the website may not be a mobile ready website and easily viewed on a mobile phone. The customer will be stumped and the lead will be lost.
Remedy: Matthias Galica, the CEO of ShareSquare, provides tips for marketers and brands using QR codes, and specifically emphasizes testing a barcode for functionality across a variety of devices and scanner applications before launching. It’s important, especially because the consumers that scan codes are likely tech-savvy and vocal — the kind of consumers you want on your side.
Mistake 2: Not having a clear goal for your QR code.
Any effective marketing campaign leads the potential customer to act on the promise of the marketing message. QR codes are no different. A confused person doesn’t make a decision and contributing to a muddled mind sabotages your efforts. So, what end result do you want from you QR code campaign? To give information? To promote an event? To entertain your audience? To have your customer “Like” your Facebook Fan Page? To make a sale?
Remedy: Boost sales, increase customer engagement, build brand loyalty, educate your audience. Whatever the campaign objective, be sure to define its goals before integrating a mobile barcode. Consider monitoring the campaign via a barcode management platform. Your business will be able to leverage the provider’s expertise, better assess your campaign effectiveness and evaluate its real-time success through analytics.
Mistake 3: Limiting QR codes to brochures and websites.
Once you have started using QR codes with your customers and get a positive response you can expand how and where you display your QR codes.
Remedy: Mobile barcodes should be incorporated into all digital and traditional media so the consumer has 360-degree exposure to the mobile marketing campaign. This will also ensure that consumer experience, dialogue and interactivity are at the heart of the campaign and not simply an afterthought. Print your QR code on anything printable; bags, business cards, in-store banners, etc…the applications are endless!
New forms of technology are exciting and effective, but only when utilized to their fullest potential. Innovation shouldn’t be used solely for innovation’s sake but rather when there is a clear purpose and trends are used in a forward-thinking manner.
What tips or mistakes to avoid do you have to share? Let us know! | <urn:uuid:20b4d9db-476b-46f0-8c18-d5cab19ec235> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://prowlpr.com/2011/08/19/remedies-for-the-common-qr-code-mistakes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.931766 | 718 | 1.539063 | 2 |
|"Are you a wizard or not?"
The title of this article is conjectural. Although it is based on canonical information, the actual name is conjecture and may be supplanted at any time by additional information released from canonical sources. If this occurs, please move this page to the appropriate title.
Iwo Jima was a volcanic island belonging to Japan. It was part of the Volcano Islands, a group of three islands located several hundred kilometres south of the main Japanese archipelago, and was home to a Japanese Muggle airbase.
Mahoutokoro, the Japanese wizarding school, was located on the island of Minami Iwo Jima sixty kilometres to the south. Students playing Quidditch at this school had to be careful to avoid planes from Iwo Jima's airbase.
- Pottermore (Mentioned only) (referred to only as a "neighbouring island" of Minami Iwo Jima) | <urn:uuid:9c5e8576-c506-400b-815c-57083e823b98> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://harrypotter.wikia.com/wiki/Iwo_Jima | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281649.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00444-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965256 | 197 | 2.3125 | 2 |
The Montpelier Planning Commission has recommended 11 changes to the city’s zoning regulations. The city council begins consideration March 23. One change stands out: dropping density limitations in key downtown residential areas, the “Riverfront” and “R-1500” districts. I believe the Planning Commission has gotten ahead of themselves: in an effort to achieve affordable housing (a worthy goal), they have applied a new planning concept haphazardly to an ordinance that already lacks coherence. While the change is miniscule in print, it could have terrible consequences for our vulnerable neighborhoods. Recently, a think tank for livable city planning, the Congress for New Urbanism, reviewed Montpelier’s zoning ordinance and specifically cautioned us against making this change before aligning our masterplan and zoning regulations … in other words, top-down recalibration is needed to address 21st century issues. In addition, Montpelier’s Planning Director Mike Miller advised against this change. The Planning Commission’s only design professional, Barbara Conrey, resigned in protest over this issue.Residential density, expressed as dwellings per square feet of parcel size, is typically regulated to manage demand on natural resources, public services, and parking space. For the two districts in question, one dwelling is allowed per 1,500 square feet of land, plus an accessory dwelling is allowed. The Planning Commission intends to eliminate density requirements throughout the city, starting with these two districts, which include all or part of these streets: Loomis, St. Paul, Liberty, Brown, Jay, upper Main, North, Franklin, North Franklin, Cross, Scribner, and Mechanic, Hubbard, Nelson, Wilder, and Monsignor Crosby, Barre, and Berlin. Deregulating density may sound great and even essential in the current housing crunch. The change, however, has unforeseen consequences that should at least be examined at the larger level of master planning before they are unleashed. Consider an example: a 1,500 square-foot, two-story, single-family home on a quarter-acre property. Owners can already carve out an apartment and build a tiny house out back. Let’s say that any combination will yield $2,500/month if entirely rented. Under the proposed zoning changes without any special review, a developer can raze the structure and build a three-story box with a 2,500 square-foot footprint yielding seven one-bedroom units, or about $10,500/month income. This is already a huge impact on a humble neighborhood. With no density requirement, the same buildout could easily yield 15 small one-bedroom units, or about $18,000/month income. It is important to further note that R-1500 no longer has parking space requirements. This example could add 14 or more cars to a small street with even/odd or no overnight parking in winter. I asked the Planning Commission what would be the impact on Montpelier’s water, sewer, emergency services, schools, and road maintenance. Their responses ranged from “we doubt people will actually do this” to “many services are at about half capacity.” But there has been no comprehensive assessment of our services, as is required by Vermont statute as part of our master plan for over a decade. It is shortsighted to eliminate regulation with a hope developers will not do that simple math. In reality, dense build-outs are already happening. An historic building on Cedar Street was razed to construct six apartments on top of a parking garage. Neighbors now have to deal with additional cars on a tiny street, fluorescent lights emanating from the garage, and a new lack of privacy. Everyone who walks Cedar Street has to look at the eyesore. Regarding historic preservation, I have purposely minimized the question of aesthetics. Existing buildings are certainly important, not only for culture and property values but also for embodied energy. Some now say those considerations are far less important than the need for affordable housing. Regardless how one prioritizes, the zoning tool of a design review district can help slow demolition of “less efficient” structures. Most of R-1500 is not in the design review district despite being predominantly historic. If this measure passes, at the very least the remainder of these districts should be added to the district in accordance with one of the recommendations from the Congress for New Urbanism. Young people I talk to aim for home ownership, not tenancy. Do we really want to reduce one- and two-family properties in Montpelier for large apartment buildings? Will this sacrifice truly make a difference in Vermont’s housing crisis? Last, the amendment process for this change has been deeply flawed. Characterized as “minor” and “experimental,” there has been near-zero input from the community because most people don’t even know about it. As a landowner, I got minimal notice. District tenants were not even notified. By the time citizen input was invited, our comments were limited to two minutes and seemed confrontational. In such a sequestered process for amending our ordinance, we must rely on Planning Commission members themselves, yet not a single planning commissioner is a professional architect or planner. While their proposal pretends to be based on sound professional logic, they chose to override their (professional) director and the Congress for New Urbanism. In their memo to the city council, they fail to recognize harms or even to calculate outcomes. In other words, they are not planning. | <urn:uuid:73460d31-f819-437d-a488-696d500c5f50> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://montpelierbridge.org/2022/03/premature-use-of-new-zoning-in-montpelier-planning-commission-is-not-planning/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570868.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808152744-20220808182744-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.955863 | 1,132 | 1.625 | 2 |
!! History Commons Alert, Exciting News
Events: (Note that this is not the preferable method of finding events because not all events have been assigned topics yet)
Page 25 of 35 (3418 events (use filters to narrow search))previous
In a report to Congress, the Pentagon discloses its intention to sell 5,000 smart bombs to Israel. Included in the $319 million deal—to be financed by US aid money—are 500 one-ton bunker busters capable of penetrating two-meter-thick cement walls, 2,500 regular one-ton bombs, 1,000 half-ton bombs, and 500 quarter-ton bombs. According to the Pentagon, Israel needs these weapons to maintain its qualitative advantage and to promote US strategic and tactical interests. The sale is likely to go through despite Israel having used a one-ton bomb to assassinate a senior Hamas officer, Salah Shehadeh. Fifteen Palestinian civilians, including children, were killed in the internationally condemned attack. [Ha'aretz, 9/21/2004] It is widely speculated that the weapons would be used by Israel in the event that it strikes against Iran’s nuclear facilities; Israel and the US have alleged Iran is involved in the development of nuclear weapons. [International Herald Tribune, 9/22/2004; Ha'aretz, 9/26/2004; Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 9/30/2004; Christian Science Monitor, 9/24/2005]
British terror suspect Binyam Mohamed (see May-September, 2001) is flown from Afghanistan (see January-September 2004) to Guantanamo. In Morocco, Mohamed confessed to a wide array of crimes to avoid torture (see July 21, 2002 -- January 2004); as he recalls, after being charged with crimes (see November 4, 2005), his captors now want him to alter his story. He will later say: “They said they were worried I would tell the court that I had only confessed through torture. They said now they needed me to say it freely. We called them the clean team, they wanted to say they had got this stuff from a clean interrogation.” He will recall one instance where he refuses to give his fingerprints; in return, he is beaten by the so-called “Emergency Reaction Force,” a much-feared assault team: “They nearly broke my back. The guy on top was twisting me one way, the guys on my legs the other. They marched me out of the cell to the fingerprint room, still cuffed. I clenched my fists behind me so they couldn’t take prints, so they tried to take them by force. The guy at my head sticks his fingers up my nose and wrenches my head back, jerking it around by the nostrils. Then he put his fingers in my eyes. It felt as if he was trying to gouge them out. Another guy was punching my ribs and another was squeezing my testicles. Finally I couldn’t take it any more. I let them take the prints.” [Daily Mail, 3/8/2009] In October 2008, all charges against Mohamed will be dropped (see October-December 2008). In late February 2009, Mohamed will be released (see February 22-24, 2009).
The International Atomic Energy Agency announces that weapons inspectors have found no evidence to support accusations that Iran is secretly developing a nuclear weapon. [CNN, 9/2/2004]
Vice President Dick Cheney says that a victory by Democratic presidential candidate John Kerry in the upcoming election will put the US at risk of another “devastating” terrorist attack along the lines of 9/11. Kerry’s running mate, John Edwards, calls Cheney’s remarks “un-American.” Cheney tells a group of Republican supporters in Iowa that they need to make “the right choice” in the November 2 election. “If we make the wrong choice, then the danger is that we’ll get hit again—that we’ll be hit in a way that will be devastating from the standpoint of the United States,” Cheney says. “And then we’ll fall back into the pre-9/11 mindset, if you will, that in fact these terrorist attacks are just criminal acts and that we’re not really at war. I think that would be a terrible mistake for us.” Edwards responds: “Dick Cheney’s scare tactics crossed the line.… What he said to the American people was that if you go to the polls in November and elect anyone other than us, and another terrorist attack occurs, then it’s your fault. This is un-American. The truth is that it proves once again that they will do anything and say anything to keep their jobs.” Edwards says that a Kerry administration “will keep the American people safe, and we will not divide the country to do it.” Cheney spokeswoman Anne Womack says Cheney’s comments merely reflect “a difference in policy” between the Bush/Cheney and Kerry/Edwards tickets, and adds: “This is nothing new. This is nothing inconsistent with his views. This is an overreaction to something we have used repeatedly and consistently. This is something that both the president and vice president have talked about consistently, the need to learn the lessons of 9/11. He was not connecting the dots.” Later, Womack complains that Cheney’s remarks were taken out of context: “If you take the whole quote, the vice president stands by his statement. But if you just take a chunk, that’s not what he meant.” [CNN, 9/7/2004]
During the presentation and discussion of the Schlesinger report (see August 24, 2004) before the House Armed Services Committee, most Republicans, including its chairman, Representative Duncan Hunter (R-CA), say the investigation shows that only a handful of US soldiers were responsible for the abuses. Democrats however, like Representative Ike Skelton (D-MO), disagree. “We must not continue to call this the work of just a few bad apples,” Skelton says. [New York Times, 9/10/2004]
Muslim Brotherhood logo.
[Source: Muslim Brotherhood]The Washington Post reports that “Some federal agents worry that the Muslim Brotherhood has dangerous links to terrorism. But some US diplomats and intelligence officials believe its influence offers an opportunity for political engagement that could help isolate violent jihadists.” The Post describes the Brotherhood as “a sprawling and secretive society with followers in more than 70 countries.… In some nations—Egypt, Algeria, Syria, Sudan—the Brotherhood has fomented Islamic revolution. In the Palestinian territories, the Brotherhood created… Hamas, which has become known for its suicide bombings of Israelis. Yet it is also a sophisticated and diverse organization that appeals to many Muslims worldwide and sometimes advocates peaceful persuasion, not violent revolt. Some of its supporters went on to help found al-Qaeda, while others launched one of the largest college student groups in the United States.” A top FBI counterterrorism official says, “We see some sort of nexus, direct or indirect, to the Brotherhood, in ongoing [terrorism] cases.” A number of people connected to al-Qaeda, such as Khalid Shaikh Mohammed, Ayman al-Zawahiri, Sheikh Omar Abdul-Rahman, and Mohamed Atta, were members of the Brotherhood. Reportedly, “pockets” of US the government “have quietly advocated that the government reach out to the Brotherhood and its allies.” For instance, Reuel Marc Gerecht, a former CIA officer working with the neoconservative American Enterprise Institute, says, “Bin Laden-ism can only be gutted by fundamentalists.” But former CIA officer Graham Fuller says, “At high levels of the government, there’s no desire to go in the direction of dialogue. It’s still seen as fairly way out.” [Washington Post, 9/11/2004] In 2005, it will be reported that some Muslim Brotherhood leaders created a plan in 1982 to infiltrate the West with the ultimate goal of subverting it and conquering it (see December 1982).
The Government Accountability Office (GAO) issues a report on the Pentagon’s “stop-loss” program (see November 2002). The GAO report says that the Pentagon’s “implementation of a key mobilization authority to involuntarily call up reserve component members and personnel policies greatly affects the numbers of reserve members available to fill requirements.” [PBS, 9/17/2004] Over 335,000 Guardsmen and Army reservists have been “involuntarily called to active duty since September 11, 2001,” the report finds, with no sign that such involuntary deployments will decrease any time soon. The GAO finds that such widespread forcible deployments were done with little consideration of the costs to the reservists and Guard personnel in their private lives—damage to jobs, families, and other aspects—as well as the negative impact such involuntary deployments are having on the military’s ability to recruit new personnel for Guard and reserve berths. [Government Accountability Office, 9/15/2004]
The New York Times reports on the recent issuance of a new National Intelligence Estimate (NIE) on Iraq by the US intelligence community. It is the first NIE to be issued since before the invasion (see October 1, 2002). The report was leaked to the Times by unnamed government officials.
Civil War a Strong Possibility - The NIE’s findings are grim. Civil war is a strong possibility, the NIE finds. Even the best-case scenario is an Iraq whose political, economic, and national security stability is tenuous and fragile. One government official says of the report, “There’s a significant amount of pessimism.” This NIE was initiated by the National Intelligence Council under the aegis of then-CIA Director George Tenet, who has since resigned. Acting CIA Director John McLaughlin approved the final report. The NIE stands in contrast to recent pronouncements by White House officials, who have insisted that the situation in Iraq is improving daily.
Critics 'Pessimists and Hand-Wringers' - The day before the NIE was released, White House press secretary Scott McClellan called critics of the occupation “pessimists and hand-wringers” who are being “proven… wrong.” [New York Times, 9/16/2004]
White House Ignores NIE - The NIE was prepared in July 2004 and not circulated until August, indicating that the White House had little use for the document. “It was finished in July, and not circulated by the intelligence community until the end of August,” one senior administration official says. “That’s not exactly what you do with an urgent document.” [New York Times, 9/28/2004]
This NIE Closer to CIA's Own Assessments than Earlier Report - Senior CIA analyst Paul Pillar will later say that the agency’s own prewar assessments “foretold a long, difficult, and turbulent transition,” assessments more in line with the current NIE than with the 2002 estimate (see January 2003 and September 28, 2004). “It projected that a Marshall Plan-type effort would be required to restore the Iraqi economy, despite Iraq’s abundant oil resources. It forecast that in a deeply divided Iraqi society, with Sunnis resentful over the loss of their dominant position and Shi’ites seeking power commensurate with their majority status, there was a significant chance that the groups would engage in violent conflict unless an occupying power prevented it. And it anticipated that a foreign occupying force would itself be the target of resentment and attacks—including by guerrilla warfare—unless it established security and put Iraq on the road to prosperity in the few weeks or months after the fall of Saddam” Hussein. The NIE, and the White House’s blase response to it (see September 21-23, 2004), will deepen the tension and distrust between the White House and the CIA. [Roberts, 2008, pp. 153, 244]
Retired General William Odom, the former head of the NSA under Ronald Reagan, says that President Bush’s Iraq policies are a collective geostrategical disaster. He says: “Bush hasn’t found the WMD. Al-Qaeda, it’s worse, he’s lost on that front.… That he’s going to achieve democracy there? That goal is lost, too.… Right now, the course we’re on, we’re achieving bin Laden’s goals.” [Unger, 2007, pp. 316-317]
The Army’s Criminal Investigation Division (CID) opens a probe into the deaths of two Afghan detainees, allegedly at the hands of US Special Forces soldiers. The two men, Wakil Mohammed and Jamal Naseer, died on March 1, 2003 and March 16, 2003, respectively (see March 1, 2003 and March 16, 2003). Mohammed, an unarmed peasant, was being interrogated about his role in a recent firefight. While he was protesting his innocence, he was shot in the face by an American soldier. Naseer, taken into custody with seven other Afghans for interrogation about their supposed involvement with local Taliban or al-Qaeda fighters, died about a week after his capture, allegedly from repeated torture and abuse. Los Angeles Times reporters Craig Pyes and Mark Mazzetti write, “Motivation for those arrests remains cloaked in Afghan political intrigue. The action was requested by a provincial governor feuding with local military commanders, an Afghan intelligence report says.” While the Army apparently looked into the circumstances of the deaths shortly after they occurred, no official investigation was ever mounted until the Crimes of War Project began its own investigation into the deaths. When the organization released its findings to two Los Angeles Times reporters, Kevin Sack and Craig Pyes, and the reporters filed a series of articles on the deaths in September 2004, the CID opened its own probe. Former Attorney General for the Armed Forces Yar Mohammed Tamkin, who directs the Afghan investigation into the death of Naseer, concludes in his own report that there was a “strong possibility” that Naseer was “murdered as the result of torture” at the hands of his US captors. Under Afghan law, he writes, “it is necessary for our legal system to investigate the torture of the seven individuals and the murder of Jamal, son of Ghazi, and other similar acts committed by foreign nationals.” CID investigators say that the Army’s original inquiry into the deaths was stymied by a lack of information made available by the Gardez unit’s commanders. “We’re trying to figure out who was running the base,” says Army detective Christopher Coffey. “We don’t know what unit was there. There are no records. The reporting system is broke across the board. Units are transferred in and out. There are no SOPs [standard operating procedures]… and each unit acts differently.” Coffey does acknowledge that “Gardez is the worst facility—it is three or four times as bad as any other base in Afghanistan.” Naseer’s death was officially attributed to “natural causes” stemming from an apparent sexually-contracted urinary tract infection, and his death was never reported, as is standard Army procedure. Shortly after Naseer’s death, the other seven detainees were transferred to the custody of local Afghan police, who mounted their own investigation. The seven were released without charge six weeks later. [Los Angeles Times, 9/21/2004] Two special Forces soldiers accused of complicity in Naseer and Mohammed’s deaths will be given administrative reprimands by the Army in 2007 (see January 26, 2007).
Responding to the leaked National Intelligence Estimate (NIE) warning of a possible civil war in Iraq (see September 16, 2004), President Bush dismisses the report, saying the CIA in particular is “just guessing” about conditions in that country. Bush says that the report provides “several scenarios that said, life could be lousy, life could be okay, or life could be better, and they were just guessing as to what the conditions might be like.” Two days later, after senior CIA official Paul Pillar and others lambast Bush for his cavalier dismissal of the report, Bush backs away from his original description, calling it “unfortunate” and saying he should have used the word “estimate” rather than “guess.” The entire imbroglio prompts conservative columnist Robert Novak to write that the White House and the CIA “are at war with each other.” [New York Times, 9/28/2004; Roberts, 2008, pp. 153] Novak also blasts Pillar and other intelligence officials for daring to criticize the Bush administration. [New York Times, 9/28/2004]
Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and Pakistan President Gen. Pervez Musharraf meet at the Roosevelt Inn in Manhattan for an India-Pakistan summit to discuss how relations between the two countries can be improved. During the discussions, they consider the possibility of the long proposed Iran-Pakistan-India gas pipeline project (see 1993). “Such a project could contribute to the welfare and prosperity of the people of both countries and should be considered in the larger context of expanding trade and economic relations between India and Pakistan,” they say in a joint statement. [Indo-Asian News Service, 9/24/2004; Associated Press, 9/24/2004]
Senator Barack Obama (D-Ill), a future presidential candidate, says in an interview with the Chicago Daily Tribune that the US may one day need to use military force against Iran or Pakistan to prevent extremists from gaining control of nuclear weapons. He suggests that one possible scenario requiring the use force might be if Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf is overthrown in a coup and extremists take over. Military force may also be necessary if negotiations with Iran fail, he says. “I guess my instinct would be to err on not having those weapons in the possession of the ruling clerics of Iran.… And I hope it doesn’t get to that point,” he says. [Chicago Tribune, 9/25/2004]
Tom Engelhardt. [Source: Mother Jones]General David Petraeus, the commander of US military forces in Iraq, writes an op-ed for the Washington Post entitled “Battling for Iraq.” Petraeus praises the Iraqi security forces for standing up and taking much of the burden of securing the country from the US troops on the ground, writing: “Iraqi security elements are being rebuilt from the ground up. The institutions that oversee them are being reestablished from the top down. And Iraqi leaders are stepping forward, leading their country and their security forces courageously in the face of an enemy that has shown a willingness to do anything to disrupt the establishment of the new Iraq.” There has been significant “progress” made, he writes, and there is “reason for optimism.” He concludes: “With strong Iraqi leaders out front and with continued coalition—and now NATO—support, this trend will continue. It will not be easy, but few worthwhile things are.” [Washington Post, 9/26/2004] Perhaps coincidentally, the op-ed appears in time for the Bush re-election campaign to make much of it. Columnist Tom Engelhardt will note in 2008 that the op-ed is “just the sort of thing a president trying to outrun a bunch of Iraqi insurgents to the November 4 finish line might like to see in print in his hometown paper.” Perhaps just as coincidentally, Petraeus will soon be awarded his third star. [Asia Times, 4/29/2008]
Days after the New York Times receives leaked information about the classified National Intelligence Estimate on Iraq (see September 16, 2004), two more classified intelligence summaries are also leaked to the Times, both supporting the assessment that civil war is increasingly likely in Iraq. The reports date from 2003, and predicted that a US invasion would bolster Islamist radicals and precipitate violent internal conflicts (see January 2003). [New York Times, 9/28/2004; Roberts, 2008, pp. 153]
North Korea claims to have turned plutonium obtained from 8,000 reprocessed spent fuel rods into nuclear weapons. Vice Foreign Minister Choe Su-hon, addressing the UN General Assembly, says the weapons are needed for “self-defense” against the “US nuclear threat.” [BBC, 12/2007]
Brent Scowcroft, the foreign policy adviser who has increasingly become a figure of ridicule inside the administration (see March 8, 2003), is dismissed from the President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board. Though Scowcroft is one of the most respected policy experts in Washington, and one of George H. W. Bush’s closest friends and colleagues, President Bush does not do him the courtesy of speaking to him personally about his dismissal. [Unger, 2007, pp. 326]
Senator Patrick Leahy, the ranking Democrat on the Judiciary Committee, releases a statement condemning the allegations of the abuse and torture of Iraqi and Afghan detainees; the statement coincides with a letter Leahy sends to Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld. [Pyes, 9/20/2004] In the statement, Leahy says that committee chairman Sen. John Warner’s efforts to investigate the scandals "remain… hampered by the leadership of his own party and an Administration that does not want the full truth revealed.… Despite calls from a small handful of us who want to find the truth, Congress and this Administration have failed to seriously investigate acts that bring dishonor upon our great Nation and endanger our soldiers overseas.… The Bush Administration circled the wagons long ago and has continually maintained that the abuses were the work of ‘a few bad apples.’ I have long said that somewhere in the upper reaches of the executive branch a process was set in motion that rolled forward until it produced this scandal. Even without a truly independent investigation, we now know that the responsibility for abuse runs high up into the chain of command." He accuses the Senate Judiciary Committee, and the Senate as a whole, of falling “short in its oversight responsibilities.” He calls for a truly independent investigation into the torture allegations, along the lines of the 9/11 Commission. He also calls for the US to once again begin following the guidelines of the Geneva Conventions. [US Senate, 10/1/2004] Sen. Warner’s office will later admit that Warner was pressured by unnamed Bush administration officials to “back off” investigating the Abu Ghraib abuses (see May 2004).
The fractious and contentious relationship between the White House and the CIA, never good since planning began for the Iraq war (see January 2003), has boiled over into the public eye in recent days, according to a New York Times report. James Pavitt, the former head of the CIA’s Clandestine Service, says he has never seen anything approaching “the viciousness and vindictiveness” of the relationship between the White House and the CIA. In recent days, numerous classified assessments have been leaked to the press by people sympathetic to the CIA (see September 16, 2004, September 28, 2004, and October 4, 2004), “to the considerable embarrassment of the White House.” The White House, in turn, has called the authors of the assessments “pessimists and naysayers,” and dismissed a recent National Intelligence Estimate (NIE) on Iraq as based on guesswork (see September 21-23, 2004). Some Republican partisans claim that the CIA is waging an “insurgency” or “vendetta” against the White House, an idea that both White House and CIA officials officially reject. “Wars bring things out in people that sometimes other disputes don’t,” says James Woolsey, a neoconservative and former CIA director who is a strong supporter of the administration’s Iraq and terrorism policies. “But even with the passions of war, I think you ought to keep it within channels.” Another former intelligence official is more critical of the agency: “The agency’s role is to tell the administration what it thinks, not to criticize its policies.” CIA defenders say it is important to set the record straight by revealing the agency’s warnings about the possible dire consequences of an Iraq occupation, warnings which the White House either ignored or mocked. “There was nothing in the intelligence that was a casus belli for war,” Pavitt says, noting that while the CIA might have been wrong about Iraq and WMD, it was much closer to the mark in its prewar warnings about the obstacles that an American occupying force would face in postwar Iraq. But, Pavitt, notes, “[t]he agency is not out to undermine this president.” [New York Times, 10/2/2004] Conservative defenders of the administration angrily attack the CIA for “insubordination” and betrayal, leaving liberals and progressives in the unusual position of defending the agency. [Roberts, 2008, pp. 153]
New York Times foreign affairs columnist Thomas Friedman tells CBS anchor Bob Schieffer, “What we’re gonna find out, Bob, in the next six to nine months is whether we have liberated a country or uncorked a civil war.” Friedman will continue predicting a resolution of the Iraq situation in “the next six months” until at least May 2006 (see May 6-11, 2006). [Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting, 5/16/2006]
Knight Ridder Newspapers reports on a leaked CIA assessment that undercuts the White House claim of links between al-Qaeda and Saddam Hussein. The assessment, requested some months ago by Vice President Cheney, finds no evidence to show that Saddam’s regime ever harbored Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, an independent colleague of Osama bin Laden (see April 2002), and finds no evidence of any “collaborative relationship” between the former Iraqi regime and al-Qaeda (see October 2, 2002). In February 2003, Secretary of State Colin Powell told the United Nations Security Council that al-Zarqawi went to Baghdad for medical treatment and, while there, helped establish a terrorist base in Baghdad (see February 5, 2003). The assessment now shows that claim was incorrect. So was the administration’s claim that al-Zarqawi received safe haven from Hussein. Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld, who in September 2002 called the evidence of links between Hussein and al-Qaeda “bulletproof” (see September 26, 2002), now says, “To my knowledge, I have not seen any strong, hard evidence that links the two.” Rumsfeld continues, “I just read an intelligence report recently about one person [al-Zarqawi] who’s connected to al-Qaeda who was in and out of Iraq and there’s the most tortured description of why he might have had a relationship and why he might not have had a relationship.” In June 2003, President Bush called al-Zarqawi “the best evidence of connection” between Iraq and al-Qaeda; after the assessments are leaked, Bush insists that al-Zarqawi “was in and out of Baghdad,” apparently continuing to press the idea that Saddam and al-Qaeda were connected. Al-Zarqawi did spend a lot of time in Iraq, but almost always in the northern sections of Iraq where Saddam’s control did not reach. [Knight Ridder, 10/4/2004] The day after the Knight Ridder report, Vice President Cheney will say during a debate with vice-presidential opponent John Edwards (D-NC) that al-Zarqawi was based in Baghdad both before and after the March 2003 invasion, a claim that is demonstrably false (see October 5, 2004).
Six US soldiers are charged with manslaughter in the killing of Iraqi prisoners. Two soldiers, First Lieutenant Jack Saville and Sergeant First Class Tracy Perkins, are charged with forcing an Iraqi man, Zaidoun Fadel Hassoun, and Hassoun’s cousin to leap from a bridge into the Tigris River near Samarra. Hassoun drowned. Another prisoner death is also being investigated (see January 9, 2004), and may result in further charges against the six. [Colorado Springs Gazette, 10/5/2004]
Four US soldiers are charged with murdering an Iraqi major general in their custody. Almost a year ago, Major General Abed Hamed Mowhoush died during an interrogation at a base near Qaim, in western Iraq. Mowhoush was smothered to death (see November 26, 2003). The four soldiers are Chief Warrant Officers Jefferson L. Williams and Lewis E. Welshofer, Jr., Sergeant First Class William J. Sommer, and Specialist Jerry L. Loper. All are charged with murder and dereliction of duty. Williams, Welshofer, and Sommer were members of the 66th Military Company, a unit of the 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment. Loper was a member of the regiment’s Support Squadron, and assigned to helicopter maintenance. Only Welshofer has training in interrogation practices. Mowhoush, allegedly a high-ranking member of the anti-American insurgency, surrendered to US forces two weeks before his death. The Pentagon initially reported his death as due to “natural causes,” but now admits Mowhoush was tortured to death. “General Mowhoush was allegedly placed in a sleeping bag and then bound to prevent his movement,” a Pentagon report says. “One of the warrant officers [Welshofer] reportedly sat on his chest and continued the interrogation. General Mowhoush was then rolled over, and the warrant officer sat on his back.” Mowhoush died in that position. A medical examination proved that he had died of asphyxiation. Other documents later show that Mowhoush had a bag pulled over his head, the bag was wrapped tightly with electrical cords, and he was beaten and kicked by a crowd of interrogators and officials (see January 19, 2006). Regiment commander Colonel David Teeples says of the charges, “There is no evidence, there is no proof.” Much of the evidence presented in the case is classified and may not ever be made public. “If there are witnesses or documents that would disclose classified information, the trial is closed for those portions,” says retired Air Force Colonel Skip Morgan, a former military judge. [Colorado Springs Gazette, 10/5/2004] The murder charge against Sommer will later be dropped. Williams and Loper will make plea agreements in return for their testimony against Welshofer. [Rocky Mountain News, 1/17/2006] Welshofer will be convicted, but will not serve jail time or even be discharged from the Army (see January 24, 2006).
British Guantanamo prisoner Feroz Abbasi argues during his Combatant Status Review Tribunal hearing that he should be granted POW status in accordance with the Geneva Conventions. One of the three Tribunal members, an Air Force colonel, replies: “Mr. Abbasi, your conduct is unacceptable…. I don’t care about international law. I don’t want to hear the words ‘international law’ again.” [Sunday Times (London), 11/21/2004]
The letter sent by an Iraqi official to IAEA inspectors reporting hundreds of tons of missing explosives. [Source: New York Times]Dr. Mohammed Abbas of the Iraqi Ministry of Science and Technology writes a letter to the International Atomic Energy Agency warning that the huge explosives cache at Al Qaqaa (see May 2003) has been cleaned out. The IAEA had warned US officials of the likelihood of such an event months before, as well as before the March 2003 invasion (see May 2004). Abbas says that “urgent updating of the registered materials is required.” According to Abbas, the facility is missing around 377 tons of HMX, RDX, and PETN explosives, some of the most powerful explosives ever created. HMX stands for “high melting point explosive,” RDX for “rapid detonation explosive,” and PETN for “pentaerythritol tetranitrate.” The IAEA will forward the letter to the US. IAEA head Mohamed ElBaradei is “extremely concerned” about the “potentially devastating consequences” of the missing explosives, according to a European diplomat. Dr. Van Romero of the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology says: “HMX and RDX have a lot of shattering power.… Getting a large amount is difficult” because most nations carefully regulate who can buy such explosives. An expert who recently led a team that searched Iraq for deadly arms says that the “immediate danger” of the looted explosives “is its potential use with insurgents in very small and powerful explosive devices. The other danger is that it can easily move into the terrorist web across the Middle East.” [New York Times, 10/25/2004]
British Prime Minister Tony Blair formally admits that he was wrong to have claimed that Saddam Hussein could deploy weapons of mass destruction within 45 minutes of giving the order (see September 24, 2002 and September 24, 2002). Blair’s Foreign Secretary, Jack Straw, reveals that MI6, the British intelligence agency, has formally withdrawn the claim, as well as other intelligence concerning Iraq’s ability to produce biological weapons. The claim has been heavily refuted for well over a year (see Late May 2003 and August 16, 2003). Straw refuses to say that it was a mistake to overthrow the Saddam government, saying instead that “deciding to give Saddam Hussein the benefit of the doubt would have required a huge leap of faith.… I do not accept, even with hindsight, that we were wrong to act as we did.” He notes that other governments, most notably the US government, were also convinced that Saddam had an array of WMD which could have been quickly deployed against targets in the region. Conservative MP Gary Streeter says the Blair administration owes the nation a “full apology”: “Not an apology for the intelligence but an apology for the way that the intelligence was conveyed by the government to the country.” [Age (Melbourne), 10/14/2004] Liberal Democrat Party leader Charles Kennedy accuses Blair of “avoiding answering” questions about the absence of Iraqi WMD. Liberal Democrat deputy leader Menzies Campbell says: “The withdrawal of the 45-minute claim drives a horse and cart through government credibility.… The building blocks of the government’s case for military action are crumbling before our eyes.” [Belfast Telegraph, 10/13/2004]
Deputy Homeland Security Adviser Richard Falkenrath. [Source: US State Department]The Washington Post reports that President Bush remains focused on the capture of top al-Qaeda leaders and has shown little interest in other counterterrorism efforts. The Post reports, “Bush conducts the war on terrorism above all as a global hunt for a cast of evil men he knows by name and photograph. He tracks progress in daily half-hour meetings that Richard A. Falkenrath, who sometimes attended them before departing recently as deputy homeland security adviser, described as ‘extremely granular, about individual guys.’” Falkenrath says, “This is a conversation he’s been having every day, more or less, with his senior advisers since September 11th.” It covers “the same people, over and over again.”
"Decapitate the Beast" - In 2002, the CIA identified about 30 al-Qaeda leaders known as “high-value targets,” and the Bush administration believed al-Qaeda would collapse without them. White House counterterrorism adviser Frances Townsend similarly says Bush’s strategy since 9/11 has been to “decapitate the beast.” She says the men on the list have “unique expertise, experience, or access.” Al-Qaeda may replace them, “but does that person have the same strength and leadership and capability? The answer is no. Maybe he acquires it on the job, but maybe not.” However, many counterterrorism experts increasingly believe that al-Qaeda has turned into more of an ideology than a hierarchical structure, and that the movement can easily survive the loss of its top leaders.
Crossing Names Off a List - Since shortly after 9/11, Bush has had a card containing a list of the names of the top al-Qaeda leaders, and he likes to personally cross them off the card whenever any are captured or killed. The Post says that Bush “mentions little else, save the Taliban’s expulsion from power, when describing progress against al-Qaeda. According to people who have briefed him, Bush still marks changes by hand” on his copy of list of leaders. He sees the issue largely in terms of a battle of wills between himself and al-Qaeda leaders, although he also focuses on removing the governments of countries he believes are state sponsors of terrorism, such as Iraq.
Bush Not Interested in Root Causes of Terrorism - Bush is uninterested in polls showing sharply rising anti-US sentiment overseas, particularly in Muslim countries. One high high-ranking national security official says of the increasing Muslim hostility to the US, “I don’t think it matters.” Many counterterrorism experts and officials disagree. Wayne Downing, Bush’s counterterrorism “tsar” from late 2001 until early 2004, says that Osama bin Laden has worked effectively to “convince the Islamic world the US is the common enemy.… We have done little or nothing [to combat this perception]. That is the big failure.” The Post says that “strong majorities of several dozen officers and officials who were interviewed… cite a long list of proposals to address terrorism at its roots that have not been carried out.” [Washington Post, 10/22/2004]
Vice President Dick Cheney says during a “town hall meeting” at Minnesota State University: “They’re already sitting on an awful lot of oil and gas. Nobody can figure why they need nuclear as well to generate energy.” [White House, 10/5/2004] The Washington Post later notes that “Cheney, Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld and outgoing Deputy Secretary Paul Wolfowitz held key national security posts when the Ford administration made the opposite argument 30 years ago” (see 1976). [Washington Post, 3/27/2005]
A 1996 photograph of one of the Al Qaqaa storage bunkers. [Source: New York Times]The US media learns that Iraq’s interim government reports that nearly 380 tons of powerful conventional explosives, used to demolish buildings, make missile warheads, and detonate nuclear weapons, are missing from a former military installation (see October 10, 2004). The facility, Al Qaqaa, was supposed to be under US control but in reality is “a no-man’s land,” in the words of the New York Times, “picked over by looters as recently as” October 24. UN inspectors and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) had monitored the huge cache of explosives for years. The IAEA says that machine tools usable for either nuclear or non-nuclear purposes are also missing. White House and Pentagon inspectors admit that the explosives disappeared some time after the US-led invasion of Iraq. National Security Adviser Condoleezza Rice was informed of the missing explosives within the last month; according to the Times, “[i]t is unclear whether President Bush was informed.” US officials began answering questions about the missing explosives after reporters from the Times and CBS’s “60 Minutes” began asking questions. The CIA’s Iraq Survey Group has been asked to investigate the disappearance.
Similar Explosives Used in Other Terrorist Attacks - The immediate concern, according to US officials, is the explosives’ possible use in major bombing attacks against American and/or Iraqi forces. The explosives, mainly HMX and RDX, can be used in bombs strong enough to destroy airplanes or large buildings. The Times notes that the bomb that brought down Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland (see After December 21, 1988) used less than a pound of such explosive. Larger amounts of the same kinds of explosives were used in the November 2003 Riyadh bombings (see May 12, 2003) and a September 1999 bombing of a Moscow apartment complex (see September 9, 1999 and September 13, 1999). The explosives can also be used to trigger a nuclear weapon, the primary reason why it had been, until the invasion, monitored by UN inspectors from the IAEA.
Repeated IAEA Warnings - The IAEA had publicly warned about the danger of the Al Qaqaa explosives before the invasion, and after the overthrow of the Iraqi government, IAEA officials specifically told US officials that they needed to keep the facility locked down (see May 2003). Pentagon spokesman Lawrence Di Rita says that the missing explosives need to be kept in perspective, as US and allied forces “have discovered and destroyed perhaps thousands of tons of ordnance of all types.” Iraq’s Minister of Science and Technology, Dr. Rashad Omar, tells Times and CBS reporters: “Yes, they [the 380 tons of explosives] are missing. We don’t know what happened.” Omar says that after the invasion, Al Qaqaa was the responsibility of the Coalition Provisional Authority, which served as Iraq’s de facto government until June 2004 (see June 28, 2004). “After the collapse of the regime, our liberation, everything was under the coalition forces, under their control,” he says. “So probably they can answer this question, what happened to the materials.” The CPA is defunct; Bush administration officials say they don’t know where the explosives could be. One senior official says that the Qaqaa complex was listed as a “medium priority” site on the CIA’s list of more than 500 sites that needed to be searched and secured during the invasion. “Should we have gone there? Definitely,” says one senior official. Another senior official says that US soldiers gave the Qaqaa facility a cursory inspection during the push towards Baghdad in early April, but “saw no bunkers bearing the IAEA seal.”
Refusal to Allow IAEA Inspections after Occupation - Satellite photos taken in late 2003 showed that two of the ten bunkers containing HMX had exploded, presumably from bombing during the US offensive, but eight remained relatively intact. The Bush administration refused to let the IAEA back into Iraq to inspect and verify the Qaqaa facility or any of the other stockpiles formerly monitored by IAEA officials. By May 2004, the IAEA was warning CPA officials that the facility had probably been looted (see May 2004).
More Unguarded Stockpiles - Iraq is dotted with unguarded stockpiles of explosives, say US military and administration officials. One senior administration official notes, “The only reason this stockpile was under seal is because it was located at Al Qaqaa,” where nuclear work had gone on years ago. [New York Times, 10/25/2004]
John Bolton, a neoconservative and the Bush administration’s chief official in charge of arms reduction, says he does not believe that the unsecured nuclear weapons and items of nuclear technology belonging to the former Soviet Union pose any threat to US security. Three years earlier, a commission reported that Russian and other Eastern European “loose nukes” posed the single greatest danger to the US. “I don’t believe that at this point, or for some number of years, there’s been a significant risk of a Russian nuclear weapon getting into terrorist hands,” Bolton says. “I say that in part because of all the money we’ve spent… but also because the Russians themselves are completely aware that the most likely consequence of losing control of one of their own nuclear weapons is that it will be used in Russia.” [Washington Post, 10/26/2004] In 2008, author J. Peter Scoblic will write, “This assessment flew in the face of all available evidence regarding what had and had not been accomplished in Russia.” Only 54 percent of former Soviet facilities containing nuclear materials are under satisfactory security measures. The US has no idea how many Russian tactical nuclear weapons exist, where they are stored, or how well they are guarded, if they are guarded at all. Scoblic will write, “These are the weapons that nuclear experts calculate terrorists would most likely steal because their smaller size makes them easier to transport and conceal.” [Scoblic, 2008, pp. 209]
State Department official John Bolton, a neoconservative and arms control opponent who heads the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA), defends the Bush administration record on North Korea. He is particularly dismissive of the North Koreans’ new, expanded nuclear weapons arsenal. “This is quibbling, to say they had two plutonium-based weapons and now they have seven,” Bolton says. “The uranium enrichment capability gives them the ability to produce an unlimited number.” Bolton asserts that the problem started during the Clinton administration, when, he says, Bill Clinton tried to normalize relations with North Korea and his Secretary of State, Madeleine Albright, was “dancing in Pyongyang and watching parades.” [Washington Post, 10/26/2004] In 2008, author J. Peter Scoblic will find Bolton’s mocking insouciance “shocking.” “In fact it was not quibbling,” he will write of the North Koreans’ expanded arsenal. “Having an extra half dozen weapons gave North Korea the freedom to use a few—or even sell a few—and still maintain an arsenal.” Scoblic will also note what Bolton does not, that North Korea is years away from producing any fissile material with its uranium enrichment program. [Scoblic, 2008, pp. 242]
China and Iran negotiate a $70-$100 billion deal that gives China’s state oil company a 51 percent stake in Iran’s Yadavaran oil field, located near the Iraq border. The Yadavaran oil field, once thought to be two separate oil fields (Koushk and Hosseinieh), contains more than 3 billion barrels of recoverable oil and a total reserve of 17 billion barrels. [China Daily, 11/8/2004; Washington Post, 11/17/2004] China agrees to purchase ten million tons of liquefied natural gas (LNG) annually for a 25-year period once Iran has constructed plants to liquefy the natural gas, a feat that could take more than five years. The amount could increase to as much as $200 billion if an oil deal, currently under negotiation, is also agreed upon by the two nations. [Persian Journal, 10/31/2004] As part of the deal, Sinopec, China’s state oil company, will have the right to exploit Iran’s Yadavaran oil field, located near the Iraq border, on a buy-back basis in cooperation with another major international oil company. The Yadavaran oil field contains more than 3 billion barrels of exploitable reserves and comprises the Koushk and Hosseinieh oil fields, “which were recently found to be connected at various layers, forming an oil field with a cumulative in-place reserve of 17 billion barrels,” the Chinese Daily reports. [China Daily, 11/8/2004] Iran is estimated to have a 26.6-trillion-cubic-meter gas reservoir, the second-largest in the world. About half of its reserves are located offshore. Some observers suggest that the Iran-China agreement could establish a precedent that opens the way for other nations to do business with Iran. The US Iran-Libya Sanctions Act of 1996 (ILSA), which penalizes foreign companies for investing more than $20 million in Iran’s oil and gas industry, has so far discouraged many companies from doing a large amount of business with the Islamic state. [Asia Times, 11/6/2005] Additionally, the Iran-China deal dramatically reduces the Bush administration’s leverage over Iran, as its threat to bring Iran to the UN Security Council over its nuclear program is greatly weakened by the fact that China, as a permanent member, holds a veto at the council. [Washington Post, 11/17/2004]
In Washington, 15,000 attend a rally supporting the Mujahedeen-e Khalq (MEK), a militant Iranian opposition group that has an office in the capital. Representative Bob Filner (D-CA) speaks at the demonstration and calls for the removal of MEK from the State Department’s terrorist list. [Los Angeles Times, 12/5/2004; San Francisco Chronicle, 1/25/2005]
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) begins investigating a 1987 meeting (see 1987) where two associates of A. Q. Khan presented Iranian officials with an offer to sell Iran nuclear technology and materials. [Washington Post, 2/27/2005]
Several months after the CIA receives an Iranian laptop computer supposedly containing top-secret information about Iran’s nuclear program (see Summer 2004), US officials admit they cannot confirm the reliability of the laptop’s documents (see November 17-18, 2004). [New York Times, 11/20/2004] Under analysis, the documents begin to lose reliability. Nonproliferation expert Jeffrey Lewis of the New America Foundation will later say that he and fellow experts began disparagingly referring to the computer as “the laptop of death.” One of the biggest warning flags, Lewis will say, is the crude manner in which the documents on the laptop were constructed: “What led many of us to have serious doubts about it was how utterly unconnected from reality some of the information seemed. Some of the reports indicated that some of the view graphs were done in Powerpoint, which suggested to me that the program was not terribly sophisticated.” [Inter Press Service, 12/9/2006; New York Times, 12/4/2007]
IAEA Response - Officials with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) will say that the laptop evidence, like much of the US’s other intelligence on Iran, is unreliable. “Since 2002, pretty much all the intelligence that’s come to us has proved to be wrong,” a senior diplomat at the IAEA will say. Another IAEA official will describe the agency’s intelligence stream as “very cold now” because “so little panned out.” IAEA officials are suspicious of the documents in part because most of the papers are written in English and not in Persian. “We don’t know. Are they genuine, are they real?” a senior UN official will ask. Another official who was briefed on the documents will describe himself as “very unconvinced.” Iran’s representative to the IAEA, Ali Asghar Soltanieh, will call the laptop documents nothing but “fabricated information” and “nonsense.” [Los Angeles Times, 2/25/2007]
The Army completes a classified report on detainee abuse at Camp Nama, a Special Forces detention center at Baghdad International Airport. The report is based on an investigation led by Brigadier General Richard Formica into three specific allegations against the Combined Joint Special Operations Task Force Arabian Peninsula, which operates throughout Iraq. Formica’s report concludes that detainees who report being sodomized or beaten are seeking sympathy and better treatment, and thus are not credible. The report cites an Army medical report which had initially noted that a complaining detainee’s wounds were “consistent with the history [of abuse] he provided.… The doctor did find scars on his wrists and noted what he believed to be an anal fissure.” Two days later, Formica had the detainee re-examined by another doctor, who found “no fissure, and no scarring.” Formica concludes, “As a result, I did not find medical evidence of the sodomy.” In the case of a detainee who died in custody, Formica reports that the detainee suffered bruising to the “shoulders, chest, hip, and knees” but adds, “It is not unusual for detainees to have minor bruising, cuts, and scrapes.” A July 2006 report by Human Rights Watch will find evidence of “serious mistreatment” of detainees based on witness accounts of Special Forces interrogators and other US personnel. Formica will note in an e-mail: “I conducted a thorough investigation… and stand by my report.… [S]everal issues” he discovered “were corrected,” he will say. [Armed Forces Press Service, 6/17/2006; New Yorker, 6/17/2007]
In the opening hours of the US assault on the Sunni stronghold of Fallujah (see November 8, 2004), Lieutenant Colonel Gary Brandl tells his troops: “The enemy has got a face. He’s called Satan. He’s in Fallujah and we’re going to destroy him.” [Guardian, 11/10/2005; Unger, 2007, pp. 325]
The Washington Post reports that several thousand shoulder-fired surface-to-air missiles (SAMs), once under the control of Saddam Hussein’s government, are now missing. Their disappearance prompts US military and intelligence analysts to dramatically increase their estimate of such weapons that are missing and may be in the hands of insurgents. US analysts report that as many as 4,000 SAMs are unaccounted for, raising the total of such missiles unaccounted for to around 6,000. Exact figures are uncertain. “We don’t have a good estimate,” says a senior defense official. “Some have put forward some figures, but there is none that the Defense Intelligence Agency has confidence in.” When the US invaded Iraq, it did not secure many weapons depots, and hundreds of thousands of tons of munitions were looted. Since then, some have undoubtedly been sold to terrorist organizations. It would be a relatively simple matter to use SAMs to shoot down military or commercial aircraft, and in several instances, insurgents have used such missiles to shoot down American military helicopters. [Washington Post, 11/7/2004; Unger, 2007, pp. 325]
A Marine walks past several corpses strewn in a Fallujah street. [Source: Al Jazeera]The US military undertakes Operation Phantom Fury in an effort to retake the city of Fallujah from Sunni insurgents. During the more than two-week long offensive, Iraqi NGOs are prohibited from delivering humanitarian aid to residents of the besieged city. A representative for the Iraq Red Crescent Society (IRCS), Muhammad al-Nuri, will estimate that at least 6,000 Iraqis are killed in the offensive. The Iraqi government’s own studies will suggest that 70 percent of Fallujah’s buildings are destroyed by the fighting. [IRIN, 4/4/2004; Washington Post, 11/9/2004; IRIN, 11/26/2004] In the ensuing battle, the city’s water, power, and food supplies are completely cut, actions later condemned as violations of the Geneva Conventions by a UN special rapporteur, who accuses the US of “using hunger and deprivation of water as a weapon of war against the civilian population.” At least 200,000 civilians flee Fallujah, many ending up in squatters’ camps with no basic facilities. “My kids are hysterical with fear,” says one Iraqi father. “They are traumatized by the sound [of fighting] but there is nowhere to take them.” The US military bars the Red Cross, Red Crescent, and journalists from the area. All males between the ages of 15 and 55 are forced to stay in the city (see November 10, 2004). Over 100,000 civilians are trapped in the city during the US siege, forced to endure a pitched battle between US forces and between 600 and 6,000 insurgents.
US Targets Civilians - The city’s main hospital is the first target (see November 9, 2004), picked because, as the New York Times reports, “the US military believed it was the source of rumours about heavy casualties.” An AP photographer documents US helicopters killing a family of five trying to ford a river to safety. A Lebanese photographer will say, “There were American snipers on top of the hospital shooting everyone.” The photographer, Burhan Fasa’am, adds: “With no medical supplies, people died from their wounds. Everyone in the street was a target for the Americans.” Another Fallujah citizen will later recall: “I watched them roll over wounded people in the streets with tanks. This happened so many times.” A third citizen will later recall: “They shot women and old men in the streets. Then they shot anyone who tried to get their bodies.” US forces use incendiary weapons, including white phosphorus (see Mid-November 2004). When asked about the use of such controversial weaponry, Captain Erik Krivda explains, “Usually we keep the gloves on, [but] for this operation, we took the gloves off.” Just before the operation commences, a Marine commander tells his troops: “You will be held accountable for the facts not as they are in hindsight but as they appeared to you at the time. If, in your mind, you fire to protect yourself or your men, you are doing the right thing. It doesn’t matter if later on we find out you wiped out a family of unarmed civilians.” [Weinberger, 2005, pp. 63-64; Guardian, 11/10/2005]
Marine Casualties - The suffering and death are not one-sided. Lieutenant Commander Richard Jadick, a Navy doctor who volunteered to go to Iraq to help ease the shortage of doctors there, finds himself in the middle of pitched battles, doing his best to save Marines wounded in battle, many with horrific injuries. Lieutenant Colonel Mark Winn will estimate that without Jadick, his unit would have lost at least 30 more troops. Jadick will receive the Bronze Star with a Combat V for valor for his efforts. “I have never seen a doctor display the kind of courage and bravery that [Jadick] did during Fallujah,” Winn later recalls. [Newsweek, 3/20/2006]
Widespread Destruction - By the end of operations, around 36,000 of the city’s 50,000 homes are destroyed, along with 60 schools and 65 mosques and shrines. US casualty figures claim that about 2,000 Iraqis die in the fighting (Iraqi Prime Minister Iyad Allawi will claim that no civilians died in Fallujah), but Iraqi human rights organizations and medical workers claim the number is somewhere between 4,000 and 6,000. A Fallujah housewife will finally return to her home to find a message written in lipstick on her living room mirror: “F_ck Iraq and every Iraqi in it.” Mike Marquesee of the human rights organization Iraq Occupation Focus, will later write that the US and British media offers a “sanitized” version of events. “[C]ivilian suffering was minimized and the ethics and strategic logic of the attack largely unscrutinized,” Marquesee will observe. The siege is inconclusive at best: for the next year, Fallujah will remain essentially under lockdown, and heavy resistance and violence will spread to other cities, including Tal-Afar, Haditha, and Husaybah. [Weinberger, 2005, pp. 63-64; Guardian, 11/10/2005] Reporter Hala Jaber, the last reporter to leave Fallujah before the military assault begins and the first to return to that devastated city months later, will write over a year after Operation Phantom Fury: “The bitter truth is that the actions of US and Iraqi forces have reignited the insurgency. Anger, hate, and mistrust of America are deeper than ever.” [London Times, 12/18/2005]
Entity Tags: Operation Phantom Fury, Richard Jadick, US Department of Defense, Muhammad al-Nuri, Hala Jaber, Mark Winn, Burhan Fasa’am, Mike Marquesee, Erik Krivda, Iyad Allawi, Geneva Conventions, United Nations
Timeline Tags: Iraq under US Occupation
Secretary of State Colin Powell, having lent an air of gravitas and sobriety to the Bush administration during the re-election campaign, is told by White House chief of staff Andrew Card that he will not remain at his post for the second term. Powell agrees to pretend that he has decided to resign by his own choice rather than admit that he is being dismissed. [Unger, 2007, pp. 326]
US forces use white phosphorus (WP) gas munitions as incendiary weapons against human targets during their seige of Fallujah, Iraq (see November 8, 2004). [Inter Press Service, 11/26/2003; Daily Telegraph, 11/9/2004; San Francisco Chronicle, 11/10/2004; Rainews24 (Italy), 11/2005] White phosphorus—also known as Willy Pete or Whiskey Pete—is used by the military for signaling, screening, and incendiary purposes. White phosphorus munitions, upon explosion, distribute particles over a wide swath of area. They burn spontaneously in the air and will continue to burn until all white phosphorus particles have disappeared. The smoke easily penetrates clothing and protective gear and can burn a person’s flesh to the bone. [Democracy Now!, 11/8/2005; GlobalSecurity (.org), 11/9/2005] According to Jeff Englehart, a US soldier involved in the seige of Fallujah, “Phosphorus burns bodies, in fact it melts the flesh all the way down to the bone.… Phosphorus explodes and forms a cloud. Anyone within a radius of 150 meters is done for.” [Independent, 11/8/2004]
Iraqi Witnesses Allege Use of Incendiary Weapons - “Poisonous gases have been used in Fallujah,” 35-year-old trader from Fallujah Abu Hammad tells reporter Dahr Jamail. “They used everything—tanks, artillery, infantry, poison gas. Fallujah has been bombed to the ground.” Another resident, Abu Sabah, from the Julan area, explains: “They used these weird bombs that put up smoke like a mushroom cloud. Then small pieces fall from the air with long tails of smoke behind them.” He says the pieces then explode into large fires that burn the skin even when water is applied. “People suffered so much from these,” he adds. [Inter Press Service, 11/26/2003] Corroborating their accounts, the San Francisco Chronicle reports that some “Insurgents reported being attacked with a substance that melted their skin, a reaction consistent with white phosphorous burns.” Kamal Hadeethi, a physician at a regional hospital, tells the newspaper, “The corpses of the mujahedeen which we received were burned, and some corpses were melted.” [San Francisco Chronicle, 11/10/2004]
Alternate Explanation - Lieutenant Colonel Steve Boylan, in November 2005, will deny that US troops used white phosphorus gas against people in Fallujah. “I know of no cases where people were deliberately targeted by the use of white phosphorus,” he tells Democracy Now. “White phosphorus is used for obscuration, which white phosphorus produces a heavy thick smoke to shield us or them from view so that they cannot see what we are doing. It is used to destroy equipment, to destroy buildings. That is what white phosphorus shells are used for.” He insists that the pictures showing melted corpses with clothing still intact is not proof of white phosphorus attacks. “That can happen from numerous ways and not just from white phosphorus attacks. That can happen from massive explosions. If you look at the car bombs that the terrorists use today, you have the same effects from car bombs from suicide vests. I have personally witnessed these things here in Baghdad.” [Democracy Now!, 11/8/2005]
Pentagon Confirms Use of White Phosphorus against 'Enemy Combatants' - The Pentagon, however, does not deny that the weapon was used against human targets. On November 14, 2005, spokesman Lieutenant Colonel Barry Venables says that white phosphorus was used to “fire at the enemy.” He adds: “It burns.… It’s an incendiary weapon. That is what it does.” [Independent, 11/15/2005] “It was used as an incendiary weapon against enemy combatants.” [BBC, 11/16/2005]
Against US Army Policy - In 1980, the Convention on Conventional Weapons banned the use of incendiary devices, like white phosphorous, in heavily populated areas. The United States was one of the few countries that refused to sign the agreement (see October 10, 1980-December 2, 1983). Even so, an instruction manual used by the US Army Command and General Staff School (CGSC) at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas states that “it is against the law of land warfare to employ WP against personnel targets.” [Independent, 11/19/2005]
First-Hand Accounts - There are a number of first-hand accounts of the battle, as well as video footage and photographs, suggesting the use of white phosphorus against human targets.
Jeff Englehart, who is in a tactical attack center about 200 meters from where a lot of the explosions that are happening [Democracy Now!, 11/8/2005] , later recalls: “I heard the order to pay attention because they were going to use white phosphorus on Fallujah. In military jargon it’s known as Willy Pete.… I saw the burned bodies of women and children.” [Rainews24 (Italy), 11/2005]
Photographs provided by the Studies Centre of Human Rights in Fallujah [Rainews24 (Italy), 11/2005] include numerous high-quality, color close-ups of bodies of Fallujah residents, some still in their beds, whose clothes remain largely intact but whose skin has been dissolved or caramelized by the shells. [Independent, 11/8/2004]
A documentary, titled Fallujah: The Hidden Massacre, broadcast on Italian news channel RAI a year after the assault shows helicopters launching white phosphorus munitions directly into the city. [Rainews24 (Italy), 11/2005] According to the RAI film, the US has attempted to destroy filmed evidence of the alleged use of white phosphorus on civilians in Falluja. [Rainews24 (Italy), 11/2005; BBC, 11/8/2005]
A March 2005 US Army report written by three US artillery men who participated in the siege will confirm that white phosphorus was used against human targets during the siege. “WP proved to be an effective and versatile munition. We used it for screening missions at two breeches and, later in the fight, as a potent psychological weapon against the insurgents in trench lines and spider holes when we could not get effects on them with HE [High Explosive weapons]. We fired ‘shake and bake’ missions at the insurgents, using WP to flush them out and HE to take them out.” [Field Artillery, 3/2005 ; Independent, 11/15/2005]
An Iranian exile group says it has evidence that Iran is still enriching uranium and will continue to do so despite an agreement it signed pledging it to halt such activities. The group, the National Council of Resistance in Iran (NCRI), the political arm of the Mujahedeen-e Khalq (MEK), also charges that in the mid-1990s, Iran bought the plans for a Chinese nuclear bomb from the global nuclear technology network led by Pakistan’s A. Q. Khan. Khan’s network sold the same type of bomb blueprint to Libya, which has renounced its nuclear ambitions (see December 2003). The NCRI’s Mohammed Mohaddessin says the Khan network also provided Iran with a small amount of highly enriched uranium, though the amount is too small to use for a weapon. While the NCRI provided information in 2002 that helped disclose Iran’s secret nuclear program, many of its subsequent allegations have been proven false.
Claims - Mohaddessin uses satellite photos to show what he says is a new nuclear facility inside Tehran’s Center for the Development of Advanced Defense Technology (CDADT). He says that the CDADT also houses chemical and biological weapons programs, and that Iran began enriching uranium at the site in early 2003. Mohaddessin refuses to provide any evidence for his claims, instead saying, “Our sources were 100 percent sure about their intelligence.” Those sources, he says, are scientists and other people working in the facilities, and local citizens living near the facilities who see what he calls suspicious activities.
Reaction - Many diplomats and arms control experts dismiss the NCRI’s claims, saying the claims are an attempt to undermine the recent agreement Tehran signed with Britain, France, and Germany to restrict its uranium enrichment program. In return, the agreement says, Iran can continue working on developing nuclear technology for peaceful purposes. [Washington Post, 11/18/2004]
CIA Director Porter Goss, known for being dogmatically loyal to the White House (see September 25, 2003 and November-December 2004), responds to the recent spate of leaked CIA memos (see September 16, 2004, September 28, 2004, and October 4, 2004) by issuing a memo reminding agency staff that they should “scrupulously honor our secrecy oath.” The memo is leaked to the press the next day. Goss says, “Intelligence-related issues have become the fodder of partisan food fights and turf-power skirmishes.” Goss warns that agency officials must publicly support Bush administration policies: “As agency employees we do not identify with, support or champion opposition to the administration or its policies,” Goss writes. His intention is, he writes, “to clarify beyond doubt the rules of the road.” Goss’s words may indicate that CIA employees must conform with administration policies and goals, but he also writes, “We provide the intelligence as we see it—and let the facts alone speak to the policymaker.” Many critics of the agency and its leadership say that Goss’s memo is part of his attempt to squelch dissent within the agency’s ranks. “If Goss is asking people to color their views and be a team player, that’s not what people at CIA signed up for,” says a former intelligence official. Ron Wyden (D-OR), a member of the Senate Intelligence Committee, says that “on issue after issue, there’s a real question about whether the country and the Congress are going to get an unvarnished picture of our intelligence situation at a critical time.” [New York Times, 11/17/2004; Roberts, 2008, pp. 153]
Secretary of State Colin Powell tells reporters that the US has intelligence showing Iran’s active pursuit of a nuclear warhead. The evidence, Powell says, documents Iran’s attempt to adapt ballistic missiles to deliver nuclear payloads. He says: “I have seen some information that would suggest that they have been actively working on delivery systems.… You don’t have a weapon until you put it in something that can deliver a weapon.… I’m not talking about uranium or fissile material or the warhead; I’m talking about what one does with a warhead.” Powell does not claim that Iran has the nuclear material—enriched uranium—to actually construct a bomb. “I’m talking about information that says they not only have these missiles, but I am aware of information that suggests that they were working hard as to how to put the two together.… There is no doubt in my mind—and it’s fairly straightforward from what we’ve been saying for years—that they have been interested in a nuclear weapon that has utility, meaning that it is something they would be able to deliver, not just something that sits there.”
Implication - Nonproliferation expert Joseph Cirincione says that Powell is implying that Iran is trying to reduce the size of a nuclear warhead to fit on one of its ballistic missiles, a difficult task. “Powell appears to be saying the Iranians are working very hard on this capability,” Cirincione says. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) said just days before that it had not seen any information that Iran had conducted weapons-related work, Cirincione notes. The Bush administration is likely to press for sanctions from the UN. Powell says that the US will monitor international verification efforts in Iran “with necessary and deserved caution because for 20 years the Iranians have been trying to hide things from the international community.” [Washington Post, 11/18/2004]
Claims Said to Be Unverified - A day later, US officials say Powell’s claims are unverified, and come from a single, unvetted source that has not yet checked out. The single source is an Iranian citizen who approached US intelligence officials with a laptop computer crammed with documents and sketches purporting to be from Iran’s nuclear weapons program (see Summer 2004). Powell and other senior Cabinet members were briefed on the laptop revelations last week, and though it was stamped “No Foreign,” meaning it was not to be shared with any foreign nations, President Bush decided to share some of the information with British Prime Minister Tony Blair. Administration officials tell diplomats from Britain, France, and Germany that Powell misspoke in alluding to the laptop intelligence. Powell’s office says Powell stands by his remarks. [Washington Post, 11/19/2004]
Iran agrees to suspend nuclear enrichment activities at its Isfahan and Natanz nuclear plants. The deal was arranged by Britain, France, and Germany. Iran insists the facilities are for peaceful civilian use and are not capable of producing the quantity or quality of refined products needed for the development of nuclear weapons. [BBC, 11/22/2004]
Pakistani prime minister Shaukat Aziz meets with Indian Petroleum Minister Mani Shankar Aiyar in Delhi. Summarizing the meeting, Aiyar tells the press: “We did repeat what we have said earlier about using Pakistan as [a] transit corridor [for sourcing gas from Iran] creating mutual dependency [and]… we need to replicate such mutual dependency… in the wider trade and economic relationship between the two countries.” It has been reported that Washington is pressuring Pakistan not to enter into any sort of pipeline agreement with Iran. “The project, if it materializes, would also foreclose whatever prospects remain of the revival of the trans-Afghan pipeline project, which many still see as a raison d’etre of the US intervention in Afghanistan,” the Asian Times notes. [Asia Times, 1/11/2005]
Three years after he blamed homosexuals, abortionists, and civil liberties groups for causing 9/11 (see September 13, 2001) and apologized for some of his remarks (see September 14, 2001), televangelist Jerry Falwell misstates his remarks on NBC’s Meet the Press. He now claims that when he made his statement, he “likewise” held responsible “a sleeping church, a lethargic church.” However, the transcript and reports of his remarks show he did not make such a claim. Falwell also attacks progressive religious figure Jim Wallis as “anti-America[n]” because Wallis did not support former president Ronald Reagan’s Cold War policies of “peace through strength.” Had Wallis “been the president in World War II,” Falwell says, “we’d all be speaking German now.” Falwell widens his attack to include gay Republicans; when moderator Tim Russert notes that television writer Marc Cherry is a “conservative gay Republican,” Falwell replies, “Well, the fact that he’s a gay Republican means he should join the Democratic Party.” [MSNBC, 11/28/2004]
New York Times foreign affairs columnist Thomas Friedman writes: “Improv time is over. This is crunch time. Iraq will be won or lost in the next few months. But it won’t be won with high rhetoric. It will be won on the ground in a war over the last mile.” Friedman will continue predicting a resolution of the Iraq situation in “the next six months” until at least May 2006 (see May 6-11, 2006). [New York Times, 11/28/2004]
Two Iranians attempting to illegally export thousands of American-made night-vision systems to Iran are arrested in Vienna by US and Austrian authorities. [Associated Press, 3/26/2005]
Daniel Levin. [Source: ABC News]Daniel Levin, the acting chief of the Justice Department’s Office of Legal Counsel (OLC), goes to a military base near Washington and has himself subjected to simulated waterboarding to judge for himself whether or not the interrogation tactic is torture. Levin then tells White House officials that he found the experience terrifying, and he is sure it simulates drowning. Levin concludes that waterboarding clearly qualifies as torture and should not be used by US personnel except in a highly limited and closely supervised fashion. Levin, who like his predecessor Jack Goldsmith (see June 17, 2004) is deeply troubled by the White House’s advocacy of torture as a method of securing information from terror suspects, and by its refusal to issue clear guidelines as to what is and what is not torture, decides to prepare a memo—legally binding—to replace the August 2002 Justice Department memo that established torture as an acceptable method of interrogation. Goldsmith had already withdrawn the memo after finding it deeply flawed (see December 2003-June 2004). In December 2004, Levin issues his new memo, which flatly states that “[t]orture is abhorrent” (see December 30, 2004), but he notes that the Justice Department is not declaring any previous positions by the administration illegal. Levin is planning a second memo that will impose tighter restrictions on specific interrogation techniques, but he never gets the chance to complete it. New attorney general Alberto Gonzales forces him out of the department instead, and replaces him with a much more compliant OLC chief, Steven Bradbury (see June 23, 2005). Most experts believe that waterboarding is indeed torture, and that torture is a poor way of extracting accurate information. Retired Rear Admiral John Hutson will say, “There is no question this is torture—this is a technique by which an individual is strapped to a board, elevated by his feet and either dunked into water or water poured over his face over a towel or a blanket.” [ABC News, 11/2/2007; Think Progress, 11/3/2007; GulfNews, 11/5/2007] Gonzales is widely believed to have been selected as the new attorney general in part to ease the way for the Bush administration to continue its support for torture as a valid method of interrogation. Shortly after taking the office, Gonzales pressured Levin to add the footnote exculpating the administration from any legal responsibility for its previous positions, and shortly thereafter, Gonzales has Levin removed from the department. In November 2007, the Washington Post’s editorial board will decry Gonzales’s ouster of Levin, and the administration’s support for torture, as a blatant “disregard for principle.” [Washington Post, 11/6/2007] MSNBC host Keith Olbermann, a harsh critic of the Bush administration, will later call Levin “an astonishingly patriotic American and a brave man.” He will fire a broadside directly at the president: “Daniel Levin should have a statue in his honor in Washington right now. Instead, he was forced out as acting assistant attorney general nearly three years ago because he had the guts to do what George Bush couldn’t do in a million years: actually put himself at risk for the sake of his country, for the sake of what is right.” [MSNBC, 11/5/2007]
Entity Tags: Washington Post, US Department of Justice, Steven Bradbury, Office of Legal Counsel (DOJ), Daniel Levin, Bush administration (43), Keith Olbermann, George W. Bush, John D. Hutson, Jack Goldsmith, Alberto R. Gonzales
Timeline Tags: Torture of US Captives, Civil Liberties
Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld visits Kabul, Afghanistan. During his visit Afghan President Hamid Karzai consents to Washington’s decision to establish nine more permanent military bases in the country. The bases, to be manned by 2,200 troops, will be constructed in Helmand, Herat, Nimrouz, Balkh, Khost and Paktia. In the provinces of Khost and Paktia, there will be two bases. [News Insight, 3/5/2005] Observers note that Afghan President Hamid Karzai had little choice in the matter given that his government’s continuing existence is dependent upon the private security forces provided by the US. [Asia Times, 3/30/2005]
The New York Times reports that according to unnamed diplomats, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) believes that satellite photographs indicate Iran may be testing high explosives and that procurement records suggest Iran may have the equipment necessary for making bomb-grade uranium. [China Daily, 12/2/2004] This information was reportedly provided by the National Council of Resistance of Iran (NCRI) an alleged front group for the Iranian resistance group and designated terrorist organization Mujahedeen-e Khalq. [BBC, 11/18/2004] UN diplomats tell Reuters that inspectors for the IAEA would like to inspect Iranian military sites at Parchin, southeast of Tehran, and Lavizan II, in northeastern Tehran. However, the IAEA is not permitted to inspect those sites because it only has legal authority to visit sites where there are declared civilian nuclear programs. [China Daily, 12/2/2004] Five buildings in Parchin will later be inspected by the IAEA in January 2005 (see Mid-January 2005).
Daniel Levin, the outgoing chief of the Justice Department’s Office of Legal Counsel (OLC—see Late 2004-Early 2005), sends a memo to Deputy Attorney General James Comey. The memo will remain secret, but the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) will learn that it provides legal advice on communications between defense attorneys and detainees in combatant status review tribunals. [ProPublica, 4/16/2009]
Knight Ridder reports that, according to US officials, congressional aides and other sources, Pentagon and White House officials “are developing plans to increase public criticism of Iran’s human-rights record, offer stronger backing to exiles and other opponents of Iran’s repressive theocratic government and collect better intelligence on Iran.” Additionally, the administration would like to withdraw troops from Iraq so Bush would have “greater flexibility in dealing with Iran,” one official tells the newspaper. [Knight Ridder, 12/8/2004] The news agency also says that the US is using the Mujahedeen-e Khalq (MEK) as a source for intelligence on Iran’s weapons programs, even though the organization “remains on the State Department’s list of foreign terrorist groups.” [Knight Ridder, 12/8/2004]
James Dobbins. [Source: PBS]James Dobbins, director of the International Security and Defense Policy Center at the RAND Corporation, writes an analytical piece on the subject of engagement with Iran: “Washington is not ready to join the Europeans in negotiating limits on Iran’s program, nor is it willing to offer any incentives. Conversely, the United States cannot threaten Iran with political isolation or economic sanctions because America already has in place a comprehensive economic embargo and blackout on communication.” Dobbins adds that “America has refused to negotiate, to offer concessions or to join in multilateral economic and political arrangements that its European allies may negotiate…. [W]hile Europe offers carrots, Washington brandishes no sticks. Given American difficulties in Iraq, a military invasion of Iran is implausible. An aerial attack on known nuclear sites in Iran might slow that country’s weapons program, but only at the cost of accelerated efforts at clandestine sites…. Washington is no more than an excited bystander offering advice from a safe distance.” In conclusion, Dobbins states that: “If blocking Iran’s nuclear weapons aspirations is as urgent as it would seem, then engagement on that issue is imperative. At present, nothing Iran does or fails to do will alter the American posture. This unyielding attitude undercuts the prospects for Europe’s effort to negotiate a positive resolution to the nuclear crisis. It also provides the weakest possible basis for common action in the absence of such a settlement.” [International Herald Tribune, 12/2/2004]
Navy Secretary Gordon England says that a second detainee reviewed by the Combatant Status Review Tribunal in Guantanamo has been determined not to be an enemy combatant. England does not reveal the man’s name, nationality, information on when or where he was captured, when he was transferred to Guantanamo, or why the tribunal decided to reverse his status. So far, the tribunal has reviewed the statuses of 507 prisoners and made decisions in 230 of the cases. Two hundred fifteen detainees have refused to cooperate. [Reuters, 12/20/2004]
Congress passes a law forbidding US troops in Colombia, who are there advising the government in its struggle against Marxist rebels funded by drug money, from engaging in any combat against the rebels except in self-defense. The law also caps the number of American soldiers deployed in Colombia at 800. President Bush issues a signing statement that only he, as the commander in chief, can place restrictions on the use of US armed forces. Therefore, the executive branch will construe the law “as advisory in nature.” [Boston Globe, 4/30/2006]
During a dinner with visiting US nuclear experts, Iranian leaders Hashemi Rafsanjani and Hassan Rowhani say that Iran’s nuclear weapons research had been halted in 2003 because Iran felt it did not need the actual bombs, only the ability to show the world it could make them. “Look, as long as we can enrich uranium and master the [nuclear] fuel cycle, we don’t need anything else,” Rafsanjani says, according to George Perkovich of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. “Our neighbors will be able to draw the proper conclusions.” [Washington Post, 12/8/2007]
Omnitec corporate logo. [Source: Omnitec Solutions]Since the Pentagon began using retired military officers as media “military analysts” to promote the Iraq war and occupation (see April 20, 2008 and Early 2002 and Beyond), it has closely monitored the performance of those analysts. Among other methods, it retains the services of a private contractor, Omnitec Solutions, to scour databases for any mention of military analysts in the broadcast and print media. Omnitec uses the same tools as corporate branding experts to tabulate and evaluate the performance of those analysts. One Omnitec report, issued this year, assesses the impact of the analysts in the media after they were given a carefully programmed “tour” of Iraq by the Pentagon. According to the report, upon their return, the analysts echoed Pentagon themes and talking points throughout the media. “Commentary from all three Iraq trips was extremely positive over all,” the report concludes. [New York Times, 4/20/2008]
Veterans of the Iran-Contra scandal meet for a “lessons learned” discussion, led by Elliott Abrams. One of the conclusions drawn is that, had they done it right, they could have gotten away with it. For future covert operations, they reportedly agree that they should abide by the following axioms: “One, you can’t trust our friends. Two, the CIA has got to be totally out of it. Three, you can’t trust the uniformed military, and four, it’s got to be run out of the Vice-President’s office.” [New Yorker, 3/5/2007]
Iran reportedly begins preparing its military defenses for a possible US attack. An article in the Washington Times quotes one unnamed Iranian official who says “Iran would respond within 15 minutes to any attack by the United States or any other country.” Iranian newspapers report that Iran is expanding its 7-million-strong “Basiji” militia forces. A Western military expert based in Tehran says he believes Iran would not attempt to repel an initial invasion by US forces but would rather engage them in asymmetrical warfare once they are in. [Washington Times, 2/19/2005; Newhouse News Service, 2/21/2005]
Ariel Cohen, who co-authored a September 2002 paper (see September 25, 2002) recommending the privatization of Iraq’s oil industry, explains to reporter Greg Palast how his privatization plan would have ended OPEC’s control over oil prices. He says that if Iraq’s fields had been sold off, competing companies would have quickly increased the production of their individual patches, resulting in over production which would have flooded world oil markets, thrown OPEC into panic, and destabilized the Saudi monarchy. [BBC Newsnight, 3/17/2005; Democracy Now!, 3/21/2005; Harper's, 4/2005, pp. 75]
In an interview with Greg Palast, Robert Ebel, a former Department of Energy and and CIA oil analyst, acknowledges that the invasion of Iraq was driven by oil interests. “The thought was, ‘Why are you going into Iraq? It’s about oil isn’t it?’ And my response was, ‘No, It’s about getting rid of Saddam Hussein. The morning after, it’s about oil.’” [Democracy Now!, 3/21/2005]
The US sends teams of US-trained former Iranian exiles, sometimes accompanied by US Special Forces, from Iraq into southern and eastern Iran to search for underground nuclear installations. [New Yorker, 1/24/2005; United Press International, 1/26/2005; Guardian, 1/29/2005] In the north, Israeli-trained Kurds from northern Iraq, occasionally assisted by US forces, look for signs of nuclear activity as well. [United Press International, 1/26/2005] Both teams are tasked with planting remote detection devices, known as “sniffers,” which can sense radioactive emissions and other indicators of nuclear-enrichment programs while also helping US war planners establish targets. [New Yorker, 1/24/2005; United Press International, 1/26/2005] The former Iranian exiles operating in the south and east are members of Mujahedeen-e Khalq (MEK), a group that has been included in the State Department’s list of foreign terrorist organizations since 1997 (see 1997) and included in a government white paper (see September 12, 2002) that criticized Iraq for its support of the group. After the US invaded Iraq, members of MEK were “consolidated, detained, disarmed, and screened for any past terrorist acts” by the US (see July 2004) and designated as “protected persons.” (see July 21, 2004) Initially, the MEK operate from Camp Habib in Basra, but they later launch their incursions from the Baluchi region in Pakistan. [United Press International, 1/26/2005; Newsweek, 2/15/2005] They are assisted by information from Pakistani scientists and technicians who have knowledge of Iran’s nuclear program. [New Yorker, 1/24/2005] Pakistan apparently agreed to cooperate with the US in exchange for assurances that Pakistan would not have to turn over A. Q. Khan, the so-called “father of Pakistan’s nuclear bomb,” to the IAEA or to any other international authorities for questioning. Khan, who is “linked to a vast consortium of nuclear black-market activities,” could potentially be of great assistance to these agencies in their efforts to undermine nuclear weapons proliferation. [New Yorker, 1/24/2005] In addition to allowing Pakistan to keep Khan, the US looks the other way as Pakistan continues to buy parts for its nuclear-weapons arsenal in the black market, according to a former high-level Pakistani diplomat interviewed by Seymour Hersh [New Yorker, 1/24/2005] The United States’ use of MEK is criticized by Western diplomats and analysts who agree with many Iranians who consider the group to be traitors because they fought alongside Iraqi troops against Iran in the 1980s. [Christian Science Monitor, 12/31/2003]
By early 2005, Secretary of State Colin Powell, Deputy Secretary of State Richard Armitage, and CIA Director George Tenet have all resigned, leaving the Bush administration without any senior officials who have a close relationship with Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf. Previously, these three officials had been pressing Musharraf to take stronger action against the al-Qaeda and Taliban safe haven in Pakistan’s tribal region. With them gone, President Bush is the one who is supposed to raise the issue in regular phone calls to Musharraf. But in June 2008, two former US officials will say that the conversations backfire. Instead of demanding more action from Musharraf, Bush repeatedly thanks him for his contributions to the war on terrorism, actually reducing the pressure on him. One former official who saw transcripts of the conversations says, “He never pounded his fist on the table and said, ‘Pervez, you have to do this.’” The Bush administration will deny it failed to sufficiently pressure Musharraf. [New York Times, 6/30/2008]
A Farsi-speaking former CIA officer says he was approached by neoconservatives in the Pentagon who asked him to go to Iran and oversee “MEK [Mujahedeen-e Khalq] cross-border operations” into Iran, which he refused to do. Commenting on the neoconservatives’ ambitions in Iran, the former officer says, “They are bringing a lot of the old war-horses from the Reagan and Iran-contra days into a sort of kitchen cabinet outside the government to write up policy papers on Iran.” He says their plans for Iran are “delusional.” “They think in Iran you can just go in and hit the facilities and destabilize the government. They believe they can get rid of a few crazy mullahs and bring in the young guys who like Gap jeans, all the world’s problems are solved,” he says. [Guardian, 1/18/2005] Journalist Craig Unger explains the neoconservatives’ willingness to rely on MEK fighters. For them, Unger writes, MEK is not a terrorist group, but “America’s best hope in Iran.” [Vanity Fair, 3/2007]
The US Air Force begins flying sorties over Iran from its bases in Afghanistan and Iraq in order to lure Tehran into turning on air defense radars so the US can develop “an electronic order of battle for Iran.” “We have to know which targets to attack and how to attack them,” an unnamed administration official tells United Press International. [United Press International, 1/26/2005] Bush officials initially deny the overflight reports. [Guardian, 1/29/2005]
Iran hands over documents from a 1987 meeting in Dubai (see 1987) to a International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) investigation (see November 2004). During the 1987 meeting, associates of A. Q. Khan presented Iranian officials with an offer to sell Iran the technology and materials to build a nuclear bomb. However, the IAEA does not uncover any evidence suggesting that the equipment was used in anything other than Iran’s civilian nuclear energy program. The violations are technical and based only on the fact that Iran failed to report the program. Despite its recent findings, the IAEA investigation claims it still lacks a clear understanding of Iran’s nuclear program. [Washington Post, 2/27/2005]
in January 2005 former CIA officer Reuel Marc Gerecht, now a member of the neoconservative American Enterprise Institute, announces the release of his new book The Islamic Paradox, which argues that the US should ally itself with the militant Islamic right and seek the overthrow of the secular Arab governments of the Middle East. For example, he compares Ayatollah Khomeini favorably with Egyptian President Honsni Mubarak, and suggests that we should support the overthrow of the Mubarak government by the Muslim Brotherhood. [Dreyfuss, 2005, pp. 340 - 342]
Incoming Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, during her confirmation hearings before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, calls North Korea one of the world’s six “outposts of tyranny.” (The others are Cuba, Myanmar—which Rice identifies by its old name of Burma—Iran, Belarus, and Zimbabwe.) In 2008, author J. Peter Scoblic will cite Rice’s characterization as another example of overheated Bush administration rhetoric that makes it all the more difficult to negotiate with the obstinate North Koreans over their nuclear program (see August 2003). [US Senate Foreign Relations Committee, 1/18/2005 ; BBC, 12/2007; Scoblic, 2008, pp. 243]
In Delhi, the India government hosts the first-ever round-table of Asian oil ministers from the Persian Gulf, China and Southeast Asia. Iranian Oil Minister Bijan Namdar Zanghaneh recommends creating an Asian Bank for Energy Development to finance energy projects in Asia, such as the long-proposed Iran-Pakistan-India gas pipeline project (see 1993). He also calls for lower prices for Asian energy supplies that are sold to Asian consumers. [Asia Times, 1/11/2005; World Peace Herald, 1/17/2005]
Investigative reporter Seymour Hersh interviews a government consultant with close ties to the Pentagon about the administration’s plans to invade Iran. He says that Pentagon officials, including Rumsfeld and Wolfowitz, believe that a limited attack on Iran would inspire a secular revolution in the country. “The minute the aura of invincibility which the mullahs enjoy is shattered, and with it the ability to hoodwink the West, the Iranian regime will collapse,” the consultant says. [CNN, 1/17/2005; New Yorker, 1/24/2005]
Dr. Jonathan Fishbein. [Source: unknown]Government whistleblower Dr. Jonathan Fishbein, in testimony before a panel at the Institute of Medicine, says that federal officials involved in a US-funded study in Uganda endangered the lives of hundreds of patients testing an AIDS drug because of careless and negligent research practices. Fishbein says officials at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) ignored problems with the way the study was being conducted on the AIDS drug, nevirapine, which is used to protect babies in Africa from HIV infection during birth. The consequences of their failure had “grave and sometimes fatal implications for the lives of real patients,” Fishbein tells the panel. Fishbein does not allege that the drug is dangerous or ineffective. Instead, he discusses problems with the researchers involved, citing shoddy data collection, record-keeping and quality control issues. Because of those concerns, he says, the results of the study cannot be trusted. “We can ill afford to entrust the lives of people to invalid data,” he says. NIH has acknowledged that the Uganda research failed to meet required US standards. But it maintains that hundreds of thousands of African babies have been saved by using single doses of the drug to block the AIDS virus and that it can be done safely with those single doses. Nevirapine is an antiretroviral drug used since the 1990s to treat adult AIDS patients and is known to have potentially lethal side effects like liver damage when taken in multiple doses over time. Concerns have been raised over the possibility that the drug may cause long-term resistance in patients to further AIDS treatments. It is marketed in the United States as Viramune. Fishbein says that top officials at NIH became “so heavily invested in the trial’s outcome” that they could not be objective. “The old adage ‘garbage in, garbage out’ is apt,” he says. In 2003, Fishbein helped halt the study for 15 months after auditors, medical experts, and others disclosed problems with the project. But the concerns were dismissed by NIH officials, and the study began again. Documents show NIH knew of problems with the study in early 2002, but did not tell the White House before President Bush launched a $500 million plan that summer to use nevirapine throughout Africa. NIH is attempting to fire Fishbein for what it calls poor performance issues; Fishbein says the firing is retaliation for his speaking out. [Associated Press, 1/4/2005]
Indian Petroleum Minister Mani Shankar Aiyar announces that he has invited Iranian officials to visit Delhi to discuss the long proposed Iran-Pakistan-India gas-pipeline project (see 1993). “A delegation from Iran will visit India on the eve of the Asian gas buyers’ summit commencing on February 14 to initiate negotiations on a term-sheet for the delivery of Iranian natural gas by pipeline at the India-Pakistan border,” he says. “Our anticipated demand in 2025 for gas would be 400 million standard cubic meters (mscm) per day. Our output today is less than 100 mscm per day. It is not possible to meet the incremental demand from domestic production…. [I]mport of LNG, and natural gas through [a] pipeline is needed to meet the demands of the growing economy.” [Asia Times, 1/11/2005]
India announces that it has agreed to a $40 billion deal with Iran. Under the terms of the agreement, the National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) will sell 5 million tons of liquefied natural gas (LNG) annually to India over a 25-year period with the possibility of increasing the quantity to 7.5 million tons. India’s price will be computed at 0.065 of Brent crude average plus $1.2 with an upper ceiling of $31 per barrel. As part of the deal, India’s ONGC Videsh Ltd (OVL) will participate in the development of Yadavaran, Iran’s largest oil field. India’s share in the oil field will be 20 percent, which translates into roughly 60,000 barrels per day of oil. Iran has retained a 30 percent stake while the Chinese state oil company Sinopec secured a 50 percent share in an agreement signed at the end of October (see October 29, 2004). India’s deal with Iran will also provide India with 100 percent of the rights in the 300,000-barrel-per-day Jufeir oilfield. [Asia Times, 1/11/2005; World Peace Herald, 1/17/2005] The agreement could give new impetus to the long proposed Iran-Pakistan-India gas pipeline project (see 1993). The Tehran Times, which is known to represent the views of the Iranian government, comments, “The Iran-India agreement on LNG exports will pave the way for the implementation of the project to pipe Iranian gas to India via Pakistan and the dream of the peace pipeline could become a reality in the near future.” [Asia Times, 1/11/2005]
Newsweek reports that the Pentagon is considering a new approach to dealing with the insurgency in Iraq, one defense officials call the “Salvador Option.” During the 1980s, the US, primarily through the CIA, funded and supported paramilitary units, often called “death squads” by the citizenry and various human rights organizations which monitored their activities, in El Salvador and other Central American nations. These death squads carried out numerous assassinations and kidnappings, including the murder of four American nuns in 1980. Many US conservatives consider the Salvadoran operation a success, though many innocent Salvadorans died, some under torture, and the operation fomented the US government policies that became known collective as “Iran-Contra.” Now the Pentagon is debating whether the same tactics should be used in Iraq. “What everyone agrees is that we can’t just go on as we are,” says a senior military official. “We have to find a way to take the offensive against the insurgents. Right now, we are playing defense. And we are losing.” Another military source contends that Iraqis who sympathize with the insurgents need to be targeted: “The Sunni population is paying no price for the support it is giving to the terrorists. From their point of view, it is cost-free. We have to change that equation.” One proposal would “send [US] Special Forces teams to advise, support and possibly train Iraqi squads, most likely hand-picked Kurdish Peshmerga fighters and Shiite militiamen, to target Sunni insurgents and their sympathizers, even across the border into Syria.” Among the proposal’s supporters is Iraqi Prime Minister Iyad Allawi and Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld. But other Pentagon officials are shy of running any operation that might contravene the Uniform Code of Military Justice, and prefer the CIA to run the proposed operation. And many lawmakers, Pentagon officials, and military experts are wary of expanding the role of US Special Forces operations in such a legally and morally dubious direction. They also worry about the ramifications of using Iraqi Kurds and Shi’ite militia members against Iraqi Sunnis in potential death squads, characterized by investigative reporter Robert Parry as “a prescription for civil war or genocide.” Some speculate that this operation might be one of the reasons John Negroponte was recently named US ambassador to Iraq. Negroponte served as US ambassador to Honduras during the 1980s, and many feel Negroponte was a key figure in the establishment and operations of the Central American death squads. Other Bush officials active in the Central America program include Elliott Abrams, who oversaw Central American policies at the State Department and who is now a Middle East adviser on Bush’s National Security Council staff, and Vice President Dick Cheney, who was a powerful defender of the Central American policies as a member of the House of Representatives. Negroponte denies any involvement in any such program operating in Iraq. [Newsweek, 1/8/2005; Consortium News, 1/11/2005] Christopher Dickey, a Newsweek reporter with personal experience in El Salvador during the time of the death squads, writes that he is “prepared to admit that building friendly democracies sometimes has to be a cold-blooded business in the shadowland of moral grays that is the real world,” but says that the idea of US-formed death squads in Iraq, and the corollary idea of sending US Special Forces teams into Syria and perhaps other Middle Eastern countries is not only potentially a mistake, but one that is little more than “a formalization of what’s already taking place.” Former Defense Intelligence Agency analyst and Middle East specialist Patrick Lang says, “We are, of course, already targeting enemy cadres for elimination whether by capture or death in various places including Afghanistan and Iraq.” So many Special Forces personnel are already involved in such operations, Lang says, that there is an actual shortage of Green Berets to perform their primary task: training regular Iraqi troops. The operation could benefit the US presence in two ways: helping win the hearts and minds of the ordinary citizenry by successfully eliminating insurgents, or just by making the citizenry “more frightened of [the US] than they are of the insurgents.” [Newsweek, 1/11/2005]
Entity Tags: Robert Parry, Patrick Lang, US Department of Defense, Richard (“Dick”) Cheney, Iyad Allawi, Contras, Christopher Dickey, Central Intelligence Agency, John Negroponte, Newsweek, Elliott Abrams, Donald Rumsfeld
Timeline Tags: US Military, Iraq under US Occupation
The US television news media virtually ignores the court-martial of Specialist Charles Graner, who is charged with abusing and torturing prisoners at Abu Ghraib (see May 19, 2004-March 22, 2006 and January 16, 2005), according to author and media critic Frank Rich. “[I]f a story isn’t on TV in America, it’s MIA in the culture,” Rich will write. Much of the broadcast coverage is focused on stories about President Bush’s upcoming inauguration and on Britain’s Prince Harry, who had dressed up in Nazi regalia for a costume party. The network and cable news stations grant Graner’s trial only “brief, mechanical” summations “when it was broadcast at all.” The usual claims that television news only focuses on lurid, scandal-ridden news stories do not apply here, Rich writes: “It surely didn’t lack for drama; the Graner trial was Judgment at Nuremberg turned upside down.” Viewers do not learn of defense lawyer Guy Womack’s claim during his closing argument that “In Nuremberg, it was the government being prosecuted. We were going after the order-givers. Here the government is going after the order-takers.” Rich will later write that if the American public could not be exposed to fictional films about World War II (see November 11, 2004), then it “certainly… could not be exposed to real-life stories involving forced group masturbation, electric shock, rape committed with a phosphorescent stick, the burning of cigarettes in prisoners’ ears, involuntary enemas, and beatings that ended in death (see May 3-11, 2004). When one detainee witness at the Graner trial testified… that he had been forced to eat out of a toilet, his story was routinely cited in newspaper accounts but left unmentioned on network TV newscasts.” [Rich, 2006, pp. 155]
The Council on Foreign Relations in Washington, DC hosts the “Transition 2005: US Policy Toward Iran” discussion with David Kay and Kenneth M. Pollack of the Brookings Institution. Pollack states that “…the MEK as best I can tell, [inaudible] on the intelligence community, has very little support inside of Iran.” [Relations, 1/12/2005]
A portion of Merritt’s e-mail discussing a ‘core group’ of analysts to ‘carry our water.’ [Source: US Department of Defense] (click image to enlarge)Pentagon official Roxie Merritt, the Director of Press Operations, sends a memo to several top Pentagon officials, including Larry Di Rita, the top public relations aide to Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld. The memo reports on Merritt’s conclusions and proposals in the aftermath of a Pentagon-sponsored trip to Iraq by a number of military analysts. The trip is part of the Pentagon’s propaganda operation, which uses retired military officers to go on broadcast news shows and promote the administration’s Iraq policies (see April 20, 2008 and Early 2002 and Beyond). The memo is in several sections:
'Background' - “One of the most interesting things coming from this trip to Iraq with the media analysts has been learning how their jobs have been undergoing a metamorphosis. There are several reasons behind the morph… with an all voluntary military, no one in the media has current military background. Additionally we have been doing a good job of keeping these guys informed so they have ready answers when the networks come calling.”
'Current Issues' - “The key issue here is that more and more, media analysts are having a greater impact on the television media network coverage of military issues. They have now become the go to guys not only for breaking stories, but they influence the views on issues. They also have a huge amount of influence on what stories the network decides to cover proactively with regard to the military…”
'Recommendation' - “1.) I recommend we develop a core group from within our media analyst list of those that we can count on to carry our water. They become part of a ‘hot list’ of those that we immediately make calls to or put on an email distro [distribution] list before we contact or respond to media on hot issues. We can also do more proactive engagement with this list and give them tips on what stories to focus on and give them heads up on issues as they are developing. By providing them with key and valuable information, they become the key go to guys for the networks and it begins to weed out the less reliably friendly analysts by the networks themselves…
3.) Media ops and outreach can work on a plan to maximize use of the analysts and figure out a system by which we keep our most reliably friendly analysts plugged in on everything from crisis response to future plans. This trusted core group will be more than willing to work closely with us because we are their bread and butter and the more they know, the more valuable they are to the networks…
5.) As evidenced by this analyst trip to Iraq, the synergy of outreach shops and media ops working together on these types of projects is enormous and effective. Will continue to exam [sic] ways to improve processes.”
Response from Di Rita - Di Rita is impressed. He replies, “This is a thoughtful note… I think it makes a lot of sense to do as you suggest and I guess I thought we were already doing a lot of this in terms of quick contact, etc… We ought to be doing this, though, and we should not make the list too small…” In 2008, Salon commentator Glenn Greenwald will sum up the plan: “So the Pentagon would maintain a team of ‘military analysts’ who reliably ‘carry their water—yet who were presented as independent analysts by the television and cable networks. By feeding only those pro-government sources key information and giving them access—even before responding to the press—only those handpicked analysts would be valuable to the networks, and that, in turn, would ensure that only pro-government sources were heard from. Meanwhile, the ‘less reliably friendly’ ones—frozen out by the Pentagon—would be ‘weeded out’ by the networks (see May 10-11, 2007). The pro-government military analysts would do what they were told because the Pentagon was ‘their bread and butter.’ These Pentagon-controlled analysts were used by the networks not only to comment on military matters—and to do so almost always unchallenged—but also even to shape and mold the networks’ coverage choices.” [Salon, 5/10/2008]
Iran allows International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) inspectors to visit five buildings at the Parchin military site in response to US allegations that Iran has used the site to test explosives components for a nuclear bomb. Other buildings in the area, and four other areas at the Parchin site that the agency has identified as being of potential interest, remain off limits to inspectors. During their visit, the inspectors take samples to test for the presence of nuclear activity. [BBC, 1/5/2005; Weekend Australian, 1/13/2005; BBC, 1/19/2005; BBC, 1/19/2005; GlobalSecurity (.org), 4/28/2005]
Army Specialist Charles Graner is sentenced to 10 years in prison. In a military court-martial, Graner was convicted of crimes related to the torture and abuse of prisoners in Baghdad’s Abu Ghraib prison (see October 2003), October 17-22, 2003), November 4-December 2, 2003, and (7:00 a.m.) November 4, 2003), including charges of battery, conspiracy, maltreatment of detainees, committing indecent acts, and dereliction of duty. Graner admitted some of his actions were criminal, and told jurors, “I didn’t enjoy what I did there” before he was found guilty. Asked if he felt remorse over his actions, Graner says simply: “There’s a war on. Bad things happen.” After Graner completes his sentence, he will be dishonorably discharged. He has forfeited all of his pay and benefits. Defense lawyer Guy Womack says that Graner and his six fellow Abu Ghraib guards also facing trials (see May 19, 2004-March 22, 2006) are being used as scapegoats by the Defense Department. Graner and his lawyers were unable to effectively discuss orders being handed down from superior officers during the trial, as the judge in the court-martial, Colonel James Pohl, refused to let witnesses say the names of officers who gave the orders or what orders might have been given, in effect constraining the trial to point to Graner and his colleagues as independent, “rogue” agents operating outside the chain of command. Graner did not testify during his trial, but during sentencing said that he had done what he was ordered to do by US intelligence agents, in order to “soften up” prisoners for interrogation. According to Graner, a lieutenant in his unit told him: “If [military intelligence] asks you to do this, it needs to be done. They’re in charge, follow their orders.” He believed the orders to torture and abuse prisoners were lawful, he claims. [Associated Press, 1/16/2005; Rich, 2006, pp. 155] Author and media critic Frank Rich will later note that while the print media coverage of Graner’s trial is relatively extensive, the broadcast media virtually ignores it in favor of celebrating the inauguration of President Bush (see January 11-16, 2005). [Rich, 2006, pp. 155]
Attorney general nominee Alberto Gonzales turns in supplementary written answers to expand upon and clarify his testimony before the Senate Judiciary Committee (see January 6, 2005 and January 6, 2005). Buried in the documents is what reporter Charlie Savage will call “an explosive new disclosure.” Gonzales reveals that the Bush administration had secretly decided that the Convention against Torture, an international treaty, only has force on domestic soil, where the US Constitution applies. Noncitizens held overseas have no rights under the treaty, Bush lawyers concluded. Legal scholars from all sides of the political continuum denounce the administration’s position. Judge Abraham Sofaer, who negotiated the treaty for the Reagan administration, will write a letter to Congress informing it that President Reagan had never intended the treaty’s prohibition on torture and brutal treatment to apply only on US soil. However, the Bush administration stands by its position. [Savage, 2007, pp. 213]
Chris Matthews. [Source: Montgomery College]Chris Matthews, the host of MSNBC’s Hardball, asks three of the Pentagon’s most reliable “military analysts” (see April 20, 2008 and Early 2002 and Beyond)—retired generals Montgomery Meigs, Wayne Downing, and Kenneth Allard—on his show to pillory a recent New Yorker article by Seymour Hersh that reveals Pentagon plans for an attack on Iran (see (Early January 2005)). Matthews calls the three “Hardball’s war council.” After the broadcast, Allard writes an e-mail to Pentagon public relations official Larry Di Rita, in which he says, “As you may have seen on MSNBC, I attributed a lot of what [Hersh] said to disgruntled CIA employees who simply should be taken out and shot.” [Salon, 5/10/2008]
Leading neoconservative Robert Kagan, speaking to the Los Angeles Times about the Bush administration’s foreign policies, says proudly: “This is real neoconservatism (see February 2, 2005). It would be hard to express it more clearly. If people were expecting Bush to rein in his ambitions and enthusiasms after the first term, they are discovering that they are wrong.” [Unger, 2007, pp. 327]
Military analyst William Arkin publishes 3,000 US military code names along with brief descriptions in his book Code Names: Deciphering US Military Plans, Programs, and Operations in the 9/11 World. Included in his list is CONPLAN 8022 (see May 15, 2005), a top-secret pre-emptive plan to take out nuclear facilities and other threats in Iran, Syria, and North Korea. Another plan mentioned is Oplan 4305, which is a contingency plan for defending of Israel. [Arkin, 2005; MSNBC, 2/10/2005; MSNBC, 5/17/2005] Retired CIA officer Bill McNair accuses Arkin of “endangering national security.” [MSNBC, 2/10/2005]
Iran and Russia agree to work jointly on the design and launch of the first Iranian communications satellite, Zohre, at a cost of $132 million. One of the signers to the agreement, Felix Myasnikov, the general director of the Aviaexport, says he believes “that the contract will be a starting point for Russian-Iranian cooperation in space exploration as well as in other spheres of high technologies, in particular, in the aircraft industry.” [Islamic Republic News Agency, 1/31/2005]
The National Iranian American Council releases findings from a national letter writing campaign, conducted between January 24 and 29, indicating that 98.1 percent of Iranian Americans would be opposed to the use of US military force against Iran. 89.5 percent of the participants said they favored negotiations between US and Iran as the best way to address current tensions. 30.4 percent supported joint disarmament of both Iran and Israel. [National Iranian American Council, 1/31/2005]
Two thousand Austrian Steyr Mannlicher GmbH high-powered armor-piercing sniper rifles are delivered to Iran, to be used as part of Iran’s effort to clamp down on the drug smugglers pouring in across the border from Afghanistan. The weapons deal, approved by Austria in November 2004, is opposed by the US, which expressed concerns that the weapons could ultimately be used against US soldiers in Iraq, Afghanistan, and potentially Iran. [Associated Press, 3/26/2005; Arms Technology, 4/4/2005]
During a private meeting of Ariel Sharon’s inner cabinet at the prime minister’s private ranch in the Negev desert, Sharon gives “initial authorization” for an attack on Iran’s nuclear facilities. [Sunday Times (London), 3/13/2005]
The Mujahedeen-e Khalq (MEK) says that it has provided the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) with information that Iran is now producing polonium-210, beryllium, and neutron generators, giving Iran the capability to produce a detonator. MEK claims that Iran plans to have a nuclear weapon by the end of 2005. Mohammed Mohaddessin, head of the group’s foreign affairs committee, tells reporters that the information was obtained from “the Iranian people” and MEK’s network inside Iran. [Associated Press, 2/3/2005; Associated Press, 2/3/2005]
The Justice Department issues a secret opinion that countermands and contradicts the administration’s official policy that torture is “abhorrent” and will not be practiced by US military or law enforcement officials (see December 30, 2004). The secret opinion is, the New York Times writes two years later while publicly revealing its existence, “an expansive endorsement of the harshest interrogation techniques ever used by the Central Intelligence Agency.” The opinion gives explicit authorization to abuse detainees with a combination of physical and psychological abuse, including head-slapping, stress positioning, simulated drowning (“waterboarding”), and prolonged exposure to intense cold. New attorney general Alberto Gonzales (see November 10, 2004) approves the memo over the objections of deputy attorney general James Comey, himself preparing to leave the Justice Department after a series of battles over the legality of torture and the domestic surveillance program (see March 10-12, 2004). Comey says at the time that everyone at the department will be “ashamed” of the new opinion once the world learns of it. [New York Times, 10/4/2007]
CIA Director Porter Goss tells the Senate: “Islamic extremists are exploiting the Iraqi conflict to recruit new anti-US jihadists. These jihadists who survive will leave Iraq experienced in, and focused on, acts of urban terrorism. They represent a potential pool of contacts to build transnational terrorist cells, groups and networks in Saudi Arabia, Jordan and other countries.” [New York Times Magazine, 9/11/2005]
President Bush during his State of the Union address. [Source: American Rhetoric (.com)]In his State of the Union address, President Bush salutes the Iraqi voters and the US soldiers who made the recent national assembly elections possible (see January 30, 2005). Presenting Iraqi human rights advocate Safia Taleb al-Suharl as his special guest, Bush says that Iraq has finally turned the corner towards peace, democracy, and stability. Iraq is only the first, he continues: the US will foster “democratic movements and institutions in every nation and culture, with the ultimate goal of ending tyranny in our world.” Dimitri Simes, president of the more traditionally conservative Nixon Center, is aghast at Bush’s words and their implications. “If Bush means it literally,” Simes says, “then it means we have an extremist in the White House (see January 22, 2005). I hope and pray he didn’t mean it.” [White House, 2/2/2005; Unger, 2007, pp. 327]
Former White House counsel Alberto Gonzales is confirmed as attorney general by the Senate on a generally party-line vote of 60-36, one of the smallest margins of confirmation in Senate history. Gonzales’s confirmation hearings (see January 6, 2005 and January 6, 2005) have been the source of great controversy, with Senate Democrats accusing him of being deliberately evasive, obfuscutory (see January 17, 2005), and even obtuse during questioning, but with a solid Republican majority, Democrats have little ability to do anything to interfere with Gonzales’s ascension to power. [Savage, 2007, pp. 213] Senator Christopher Dodd (D-CT) explains his opposition to Gonzales: “What is at stake here is whether he has demonstrated to the Senate of the United States that he will discharge the duties of the office to which he’s been nominated, specifically whether he will enforce the Constitution and the laws of the United States and uphold the values upon which those laws are based. Regrettably, and disturbingly in my view, Alberto Gonzales has fallen short of meeting this most basic and fundamental standard.” Dodd adds that Gonzales “has endorsed, unfortunately, the position that torture can be permissible.” Fellow Senator Richard Durbin (D-IL) adds: “At the very least Mr. Gonzales helped to create a permissive environment that made it more likely that abuses would take place. You could connect the dots from the administration’s legal memos to the Defense Department’s approval of abusive interrogation techniques for Guantanamo Bay to Iraq and Abu Ghraib.” Republicans are incredulous that Democrats would oppose Gonzales’s candidacy, and imply that their opposition is racially based. “Is it prejudice?” asks Senator Orrin Hatch (R-UT). “Is it a belief that a Hispanic-American should never be in a position like this because he will be the first one ever in a position like this? Or is it because he’s constantly mentioned for the Supreme Court of the United States of America? Or is it that they just don’t like Judge Gonzales?” Senator Mel Martinez (R-FL) says: “This is a breakthrough of incredible magnitude for Hispanic-Americans and should not be diluted by partisan politics. Judge Gonzales is a role model for the next generation of Hispanic-Americans in this country.” [Fox News, 2/4/2005] When Gonzales is sworn in on February 14, President Bush will use the occasion to urge Congress to renew the controversial USA Patriot Act (see February 14, 2005). [Deseret News, 2/15/2005]
In an op-ed piece published by the Washington Post, David Kay, formerly of the Iraq Survey Group, recommends five steps the US should follow in order to avoid making the same “mistake” it made in Iraq when it wrongly concluded that Iraq had an active illicit weapons program. Three of the points address the issue of politicized intelligence. He implies that the US should learn from the experience it had with the Iraqi National Congress (see 2001-2003), which supplied US intelligence with sources who made false statements about Iraq’s weapon program. “Dissidents and exiles have their own agenda—regime change—and that before being accepted as truth any ‘evidence’ they might supply concerning Iran’s nuclear program must be tested and confirmed by other sources,” he says. In his fourth point, Kay makes it clear that the motives of administration officials should also be considered. He says it is necessary to “understand that overheated rhetoric from policymakers and senior administration officials, unsupported by evidence that can stand international scrutiny, undermines the ability of the United States to halt Iran’s nuclear activities.” And recalling the CIA’s infamous 2002 National Intelligence Estimate (NIE) on Iraq (see October 1, 2002), he says that an NIE on Iran “should not be a rushed and cooked document used to justify the threat of military action” and “should not be led by a team that is trying to prove a case for its boss.” [Washington Post, 2/9/2005]
Newsweek interviews Maryam Rajavi, one of the leaders of Mujahedeen-e Khalq (MEK), at the organization’s compound in the French village of Auvers sur Oise. “I believe increasingly the Americans have come to realize that the solution is an Iranian force that is able to get rid of the Islamic fundamentalists in power in Iran,” Rajavi tells the magazine. She also insists that her group’s history of anti-Americanism has long past. [Newsweek, 2/15/2005]
North Korea announces it is suspending its participation in the ongoing talks over its nuclear program for what it calls an “indefinite period.” It blames the Bush administration’s efforts to “antagonize, isolate, and stifle [North Korea] at any cost.” North Korean officials also reiterate the claim that its nuclear weapons are intended for self-defense. [BBC, 12/2007]
Newsweek reports that there is disagreement in the Bush administration over what to do with 3,800 Mujahedeen-e Khalq (MEK) fighters being held in custody by the US at Camp Ashraf (see April 2003). The magazine says that parts of the Defense Department want “to cull useful MEK members as operatives for use against Tehran, all while insisting that it does not deal with the MEK as a group.” They would be sent to Iran to gather intelligence and possibly reawaken a democratic movement in Iran. The CIA however has objected to this strategy “because senior officers regard them as unreliable cultists under the sway of [Maryam] Rajavi and her husband,” Newsweek explains. A Defense Department spokesman however denies there is any “cooperation agreement” with the MEK and claims that the Pentagon has no plans for using MEK members in any capacity. But an MEK official interviewed by Newsweek said the opposite: “They [want] to make us mercenaries.” Representative Brad Sherman (D-CA) also feels the Defense Department has plans for MEK members. “The Defense Department is thinking of them as buddies and the State Department sees them as terrorists. The truth is probably somewhere in the middle,” he told Newsweek. [Newsweek, 2/15/2005]
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If you would like to help us with this effort, please contact us. We need help with programming (Java, JDO, mysql, and xml), design, networking, and publicity. If you want to contribute information to this site, click the register link at the top of the page, and start contributing. | <urn:uuid:2bc19914-9d3e-4a98-afad-b2b34549f2be> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.historycommons.org/topic.jsp?topic=topic_foreign_policy&startpos=2400 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284411.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00456-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959533 | 28,282 | 1.679688 | 2 |
Beachcombing to find flotsam and jetsam that can be turned into objet d’art is a well-known pastime across the world, not least in coastal areas such as the West Country.
But would you wear clothing and accessories created from marine debris that has been dumped in the sea from across the globe?
An artist working with a Devon-based social enterprise company is doing just that by creating fashionable hats and headgear – out of trash fished out of the seas.
And it seems fashionistas across the world don’t think the idea is rubbish as the creations are now so in demand they are to be exhibited at a fashion show in New York.
Mariana Lopez, of Plymouth, is sending her amazing creations to the Trashion Fashion catwalk event in the Big Apple next month. The show is one of three being run in the US in a bid to inspire people to think about recycling and give a platform to artists and designers.
Mariana, originally from Spain, will be contributing some of the hats she has created using items discovered during beach-cleaning sorties in Plymouth and further afield.
She makes the hats to sell and on commission and said: “Everything I use is with the idea of re-use and recycle.”
The organisers of the New York event say they believe in inspiring the community to rethink waste and do this by providing an outlet for youth, artists and designers to use with materials that would otherwise be consigned to the waste stream.
Mariana has been exhibiting some of her creations at the Anglo-Spanish Language School, on the Barbican in Plymouth.
The show features vintage hats transformed with marine debris from around the world, and turned into fashionable creations in Plymouth.
14 vintage hats transformed with marine debris from around the world. An international collaboration.
She will send some of her hats to New York, but sadly won’t be there when they hit the runway.
“I wish I could be there,” she said. “The hats are 100 per cent made in Plymouth, so they are crossing the ocean from here to the US. But I will get to take some of the hats to Madrid where I have had some commissions.”
Mariana is co-founder, along with European Space Agency scientist Dr Manuel Arias, of Plymouth-based social enterprise The Ocean Corner, which was set up to promote Plymouth and its links with the environment. Its aim is to share knowledge, stimulate collaborations, co-ordinate projects and create new business partnerships around the world.
“The ocean unites cultures,” said Mariana who moved to Plymouth 18 months ago from Madrid. “We offer space on our web page for people around the world working with the oceans in a sustainable way.
She said she wants to strengthen Plymouth people’s pride in what she calls “a historically-related sea city”.
She added: “We are on the map of sea-related cities. I’m proud to live and work for a better Plymouth. The landscape is beautiful and there is so much the city has to offer. I want people to be proud of this city.”
“I love this city,” she said. “When you come from outside you see things that other people take for granted.
Mariana is also taking part in an exhibition, in conjunction with the University of Exeter, called From Cowboys to Astronauts at the Teignmouth Arts Action Group from June 12-18.
The show looks at art from waste promoting the concept of a circular economy – a regenerative economic system where materials and energy from products are recovered and put back into the system instead of simply being disposed of.
The idea is that you are on a spaceship with a limited amount of resources on which you depend for survival. Given the scarcity of your resources, you need to think of ways to manage them wisely, and consider minimising waste and re-use. | <urn:uuid:f9022c94-63e3-485c-a4ff-288d820b88f3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://livecircular.com/would-you-wear-a-designer-hat-created-out-of-marine-debris/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00667.warc.gz | en | 0.968455 | 840 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Ensuring Comprehensive Health Coverage through the COVID-19 Crisis
With up to 15.8 million people expected to become uninsured nationwide due to the pandemic-incited recession, it is now more important than ever to advocate for comprehensive health coverage that addresses families’ diverse health needs and protects them from medical-related financial emergencies.
This webinar highlights the projected impacts on health coverage in the states and how to take action to influence policy responses at the state and federal levels.
- Stan Dorn, Director of the National Center for Coverage Innovation and Senior Fellow, Families USA
- Tom Leibfried, Legislative Representative, AFL-CIO
- Betsy Plunkett, Director, Marketing & Web Strategies, Maryland Health Connection | <urn:uuid:727451a0-06ea-41ee-9ea5-61a9b396e9de> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://familiesusa.org/resources/webinar-ensuring-comprehensive-health-coverage-through-the-covid-19-crisis/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.916407 | 160 | 1.507813 | 2 |
NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - The class of painkillers that includes ibuprofen and naproxen seems to work well against menstrual cramps, and may be more effective than acetaminophen, a new research review suggests.
The medications, collectively known as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), are widely used for various aches and pains, but it has been unclear how they stack up against acetaminophen -- the active ingredient in Tylenol and certain other brand-name pain relievers and fever reducers.
Acetaminophen, which is known as paracetamol in several countries, is also a component of a number of products marketed specifically for menstrual symptoms.
In the new review, researchers analyzed 73 clinical trials from 18 countries that tested various NSAIDs and acetaminophen for menstrual cramps. Across the studies, women given NSAIDs were 4.5 times more likely to report "at least moderate" pain relief than those given a placebo, or inactive pills.
They were also nearly twice as likely as acetaminophen users to report such improvements -- though that finding was based on only three studies, the researchers report in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.
The journal is published by the Cochrane Collaboration, an international organization that evaluates medical research.
"Our review shows that NSAIDs are a highly effective treatment for menstrual cramps," said Jane Marjoribanks, a researcher with the Cochrane Menstrual Disorders and Subfertility Group in Auckland, New Zealand.
Exactly why they might be even more effective than acetaminophen is unclear, she told Reuters Health in an email.
That said, the effects of NSAIDs varied from study to study. The one trial that compared aspirin to a placebo showed no clear benefits from the drug; in contrast, a study on the NSAID indomethacin found that women using the drug reported good pain relief during 42 of 90 menstrual cycles, versus 9 of 90 cycles among those using a placebo.
The trials also looked at a range of NSAIDs, including ibuprofen (found in brands like Advil and Motrin), naproxen (Aleve and other brands) and diclofenac (Voltaren and other brands). And there was not enough evidence to show whether any one NSAID was more effective or safer than others, according to Marjoribanks and her colleagues.
In addition, while NSAIDs are over-the-counter drugs, they carry a risk of side effects and need to be used with caution.
Across the trials in this review, women using NSAIDs were 37 percent more likely to report side effects like indigestion, drowsiness, dizziness and headaches than women given placebo pills.
To help minimize side effects, Marjoribanks said, women should take the drugs only for a few days during each menstrual cycle -- the days when pain peaks -- and should not exceed the recommended dose on the packaging.
SOURCE: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, January 2010. | <urn:uuid:16324f50-c513-4944-93ec-0db03f77369c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.lifescript.com/health/centers/rheumatoid_arthritis/news/2010/01/26/nsaids_may_beat_acetaminophen_for_menstrual_cramps.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279933.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00129-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953432 | 629 | 1.929688 | 2 |
Technology to pilot aircraft with brainwaves offers promise for prosthetics.
A model helicopter can now be steered through an obstacle course by thought alone, researchers report today in the Journal of Neural Engineering. The aircraft's pilot operates it remotely using a cap of electrodes to detect brainwaves that are translated into commands.1
Ultimately, the developers of the mind-controlled copter hope to adapt their technology for directing artificial robotic limbs and other medical devices. Today's best neural prosthetics require electrodes to be implanted in the body and are thus reserved for quadriplegics and others with disabilities severe enough justify invasive surgery.
"We want to develop something non-invasive that can benefit lots of people, not just a limited number of patients," says Bin He, a biomedical engineer at the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis, whose new results build on his previous work with a virtual thought-controlled helicopter.2
But He's mechanical whirlybird isn't the first vehicle to be flown by the brain. In 2010 a team at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign reported an unmanned aircraft that flies a fixed altitude but adjusts its heading to the left or right in response to a user's thoughts.3
The new chopper goes a step further. It can be guided up and down, as well as left or right, and it offers more precise control. To move it in a particular direction, a user imagines clenching his or her hands — the left one to go left, for instance, or both to go up. That mental image alters brain activity in the motor cortex. Changes in the strength and frequency of signals recorded by electrodes on the scalp using electroencephalography (EEG), and deciphered by a computer program, reveal the pilot's intent.
Using the Force
Fine-tuning this brain–machine interface required long hours of flight school. Would-be pilots first learned to move a cursor on a computer screen in one dimension, then in two. Some flunked out, unable to provide a signal clear enough for the computer to spot. Developer He suspects a lack of mind-body awareness may be to blame for the dropouts; his previous work showed that people who meditate or practice yoga more easily learn to mentally manipulate cursors.
In this case, five subjects who graduated moved the helicopter while watching a live video feed from an on-board camera. As the vehicle slowly glided forward, they steered it through a series of large foam rings — about one-fourth as many, on average, as someone using a keyboard controller could when navigating the same course.
"This is among the most provocative demonstrations of using EEG for motor control," says neuroscientist Todd Coleman of the University of California, San Diego.
The University of Minnesota team already has an EEG-controlled robotic arm in the works that can move in two dimensions. But the researchers will need to figure out how to extract even more information from EEG signals to compete with state-of-the-art prosthetics controlled by implanted electrodes.
LaFleur, K. et al. J. Neural Eng. 10, 046003 (2013).
Doud, A. J., Lucas, J. P., Pisansky, M. T. & He, B. PLoS ONE 6, e26322 (2011).
Akce, A., Johnson, M.J. & Bretl, T. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (2010). http://rms.ae.illinois.edu/papers/Akce2010.pdf
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Powell, D. Toy helicopter guided by power of thought. Nature (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature.2013.13139 | <urn:uuid:0f17888d-b4d8-4b82-aae2-bb973e336517> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nature.com/articles/nature.2013.13139?error=cookies_not_supported&code=3d5d4502-5f74-4af7-9202-ddcd52150d34 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.921789 | 816 | 3.375 | 3 |
Old structures and landed property in Malaysia often have issues with low water pressure. This causes frustration for daily water usage and even hygiene problems. This may be due to simultaneous usage or structural location limitations.
There are a few types of water pumps such as Water Booster Pumps, Jet Pumps, Submersible Pumps, Swimming Pool Pumps, and Extension Pumps. All designed for different purposes, to be installed at different places in your home, and are at different price ranges to fit your budget.
Here credible water pump brands including GrundFos, Joven, Saniflo, and Tsunami. Find out more at Mandi BP. | <urn:uuid:dd4295eb-dbd0-4e8c-9065-6e7f944aa92e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mandibp.com/water-pump | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.931571 | 135 | 1.570313 | 2 |
The U.S. private sector economy missed economists’ forecast creating 208,000 jobs in November, according to a report from independent payroll processor ADP. The report suggested job creation was losing steam, as economists expected a significantly bigger gain of 221,000 jobs added for the month.
Employment in nonfarm private small business payrolls led the way, increasing 101,000 in November on a seasonally adjusted basis and representing nearly half of all employment gains across all payroll size groups. Within small businesses, 48 percent of the job creation contribution came from companies having from 1 to 19 employees. The number is noteworthy, because companies with a higher number of employees — more specifically, those that meet the ObamaCare mandate threshold — are holding back.
Medium businesses having from 50 to 499 employees added just 65,000 in comparison to small businesses, while large businesses having 500 or more employees added just 42,000 private sector jobs.
Further, 25,000 jobs created in the report came from lower-paying franchise jobs.
“Franchise jobs added increased sharply in November to a level not seen for several months,” said Ahu Yildirmaz, vice president and head of the ADP Research Institute. “Much of the rebound came from the Auto Parts and Dealers segment which added about 5,000 more jobs than in October. “U.S. stock futures pointed to a slightly weaker start for Wall Street on Wednesday, ahead of ADP payrolls and other data, which could take some focus off commodity prices.”
The results for the auto industry were widely expected, as the pivotal holiday shopping season provides auto makers and dealers a seasonal boost. The auto industry reported stronger U.S. sales in the month of November fueled by cheaper gasoline and Black Friday shopping deals nationwide, according to several reports released Tuesday.
The private and independent payroll processor, ADP, released the report ahead of the government jobs report due out at the end of the week. The latest data for the ISM non-manufacturing survey for November is due at 10 A.M. ET, which will be followed by the Federal Reserve’s Beige Book due at 2 P.M. ET. | <urn:uuid:3783f127-2a8a-4929-a3b1-76f6b6517cf5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.peoplespunditdaily.com/news/economy/2014/12/03/private-sector-job-creation-losing-steam-adp-report-misses-mark/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.964085 | 450 | 1.523438 | 2 |
As we know only too well in the wake of Hurricane Sandy, no one is immune to natural disasters. Urban, rural, rich, poor, we all suffer the effects of nature's tantrums. However, in the aftermath we discover that while some of us suffer terrible losses, others can cope easily, and some people actually gain. How can this be explained?John Mutter'sHiding Behind Hurricanesexplores the turbulent boundary where Mother Nature meets human nature under extreme duress.He shows how the common perception of Nature as a capricious villain, random in who it selects as its victims, is wrong, and argues instead that it is human nature that is the critical element that determines what disaster results in tragedy. What we attribute to the hand of nature, we are actually doing to ourselves, and in diverting blame from our own actions we have permitted, even encouraged, injustice to prosper. This is an authoritative examination of the most extreme disasters to have rocked our planet in the last decade, and an optimistic exploration of how we can prevent the injustice of future disaster outcomes. He lives in Piermont, NY. | <urn:uuid:1a7df7d1-dc5a-4dfc-944a-d00fa2eccfb6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.tanum.no/_fagboker/naturvitenskap/hiding-behind-hurricanes-john-c.-mutter-9781137278982 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00145-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.933699 | 225 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Today the new Acropolis Museum has an exhibition space ten times more than that of the old museum on the Hill of the Acropolis.
We travel back in time and encounter the first humans, the first Greeks who lived in our country. 10 minutes is not enough to learn about the history of this country and its culture that had a great influence on world history.
The Museum of Byzantine Culture was awarded the Council of Europe Museum Prize for the year 2005, following the unanimous recommendation of the Council’s Committee on Culture, Science and Education.
Art is a purely social act, an act of society, given that the artist observes and feels the social pulse and then transforms it into an artwork. | <urn:uuid:4f1058d3-a429-43cd-8ea9-ecb55f73d104> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://liakallergi.gr/category/inspiration/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00071.warc.gz | en | 0.954476 | 144 | 2.484375 | 2 |
I've had students who were very high performers in school: taking multiple AP classes, high GPA, and phenomenal resumes, but their SAT and ACT scores were not competitive.
One student I had was stuck at 2000 score on the SAT. She was able to increase her score to a 2300 just by learning how to switch between literal and abstract thinking in order to use proper and effective deductive reasoning.
Although altering her approach helped her, finding her natural approach and adapting to it is what took time. For a student to be an effective critical thinker, what first must be understood is the type of learner he or she is. Any student can memorize and learn a concept, but applying that concept in any situation requires critical thinking.
Different teachers teach you the same concepts in different ways. After a while, you have a lot of information swirling around in your mind. In order to be an effective thinker and test taker, it is important that you consolidate. Consolidation will help you classify quicker questions on the test quicker. If you don't classify the questions, you may have to reread the passage again and again, as opposed to directly to the context classified by the question.
Plus, consolidation helps you deal with your working memory. Clump similar things into one spot or shelf. Write things down and classify them. Classification also helps with understanding and memorize things, thus retrieving information faster during the test.
Teaching such techniques is what makes Hillview Prep different.
Let us know if you have more questions on improving your performance on the SAT. | <urn:uuid:d7bc3941-e46c-476d-ac79-49fae2e116cc> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.hillviewprep.com/blog/how-to-improve-at-the-sat-test-in-60-minutes | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00266-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97284 | 318 | 2.96875 | 3 |
By V.S. Chandrasekar
The railways have begun work on making 30 more high-speed Train 18 rakes so that high-speed trains could be introduced in more sectors in different parts of the country, Railway Minister Piyush Goyal said on Friday.
A decision will also be taken on making 100 more train rakes in India, he said.
Goyal also said that efforts were on track to get the first Bullet Train in India.
“Going by the experience, comfort and speed of travel, the railways have set in motion the tendering process for making another 30 Train 18 rakes to be made in India,” Goyal told IANS on board the Vande Bharat Express, which was flagged off by Prime Minister Narendra Modi from New Delhi railway station on Friday morning.
Made in Integral Coach Factory (ICF) in Chennai, Train 18, renamed Vande Bharat Express, will run five days a week between New Delhi and Varanasi, the Prime Minister’s constituency, a distance of 775 km to be covered in eight hours.
The train, which will have two stops (Kanpur and Allahabad), can touch a maximum speed of 160 km per hour but will run only at 130 kmph in maximum sectors. At present, fast trains Shatabdi and Rajdhani run at under 100 kmph.
Every coach of Train 18 has comfortable seats, GPS passenger information system, CCTV cameras and talkback facility units to connect with the driver in case of emergency.
The coaches have 180-degree rotational reclining chairs, mobile charging points, diffused lighting and reading units. The train also has sensor controlled bathroom fittings for the differently abled people and toilets with bio-discharge vacuum systems.
Goyal said the train has speed, comfort and safety and was an example of ‘Rising India’.
He said more rakes were being ordered through the tendering process so that people in more sectors in different parts of the country can enjoy the era of semi-high speed travel that has begun in India.
With more production and economies of scale, the fares on this train would become cheaper so that more people can enjoy its facilities.
The first rake has been produced at a cost of Rs 97 crore, Goyal said.
Officials said that for the present, Train 18 coaches will only be made at the ICF in Perambur, Chennai.
Goyal took pride in the fact that Train 18 took only 18 months to get produced entirely under the ‘Make in India’ programme pushed by Prime Minister Modi.
It has been designed entirely by Indian engineers and “we are proud of this accomplishment reflecting the growing capabilities of ‘Make in India'”, Goyal said.
Asked about the proposed Bullet Train between Ahmedabad and Mumbai, the Railway Minister said work was on but he would not set any timeline for its introduction.
To a query about criticism that the Bullet Train was elitist, he said it was sad that the opposition was myopic and short-sighted.
He recalled that even in 1969 when the Rajdhani concept was taken up, there was opposition from the Railway Board Chairman.
About the opposition’s criticism that his interim Budget served only some classes, Goyal hit back by saying the budget addressed the problems of farmers, unorganized workers and salaried class at the bottom of the table.
He also dismissed the criticism that his ‘vote on account’ budget was an ‘account for votes’.
Goyal attacked the interim Budget of P. Chidambaram in 2014 which gave excise duty concessions on high-end SUVs used by the rich.
Instead, Goyal said he had left any changes in taxes for the full budget after the Lok Sabha elections. (IANS) | <urn:uuid:8015d4a5-797b-485c-9696-0bdcad2552ae> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://indusbusinessjournal.com/2019/02/more-high-speed-trains-on-the-anvil-goyal/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.975483 | 793 | 1.585938 | 2 |
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