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Colombia was invaded on Sunday – by Venezuelans desperate to buy much-needed food and medicine and basic goods like toilet paper and soap.
An estimated 35,000 took advantage of a 12-hour temporary border opening.
A severe economic crisis following a decline in oil revenues has caused critical shortages in Venezuela.
One of those who crossed into Colombia, Ada Marquez, said it was an emotional day: “I was crying as I crossed the bridge when I saw the avalanche of people. It’s unbelievable to me that all of Venezuela wants to come here, to this neighbouring country, to look for the things we can’t get over there. Every day, there are fewer things.”
The shelves emptied swiftly on the Colombian side of the border where shops accepted the depreciating Venezuelan currency, the bolivar.
Cross-border shopper Bernarda Oliveros explained: “It’s a relief to be able to come here to find our products, our medicines, that we really can’t get over there.”
Another Venezuelan Carmen Velazco added: “We don’t have food. We don’t have cooking oil. We don’t have flour. So that’s why we have to come here.”
Critics blame Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro’s economic policies for the shortages, which got worse as oil prices fell.
He ordered the border closure 11 months ago to crack down on smuggling and following an attack on a customs post by former Colombian anti-government fighters.
There was some criticism of Maduro among those crossing the border on Sunday.
One man said: “The shortages are continually worse. I would like President Maduro to see these images and realise what we want. We are tired of socialism. We don’t like socialism. We love capitalism. We love to have everything, to live like people here in Colombia live. He should realise how things are, what is happening. Why do we have to be humiliated like this?”
Millions of Venezuelans spend much of their day in long lines at supermarkets and shops to try to buy basic items. The shortages have sparked protests.
Venezuela imports almost everything it consumes and the government tightly controls foreign exchange levels and prices. | <urn:uuid:75033201-d504-4d4c-b73a-8f84fe3b4720> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.euronews.com/2016/07/11/venezuelans-rush-into-colombia-seeking-food-and-medicine | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571987.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813202507-20220813232507-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.958663 | 479 | 1.820313 | 2 |
Boxer Delays Senate Climate Bill Until September
This was supposed to be a big week
for action on climate change in the Senate — but it’s ending with
Republicans rubbing their hands in glee as the Environment and Public
Works Committee delays its unveiling of legislation on carbon emissions.
As Reuters reports this afternoon:
[Environment committee chairman] Barbara Boxer (D-CA) said her self-imposed deadline of early August for finishing writing a
bill to combat global warming has been put off until after Congress
returns from a recess that ends in early September.
"We’ll do it as soon as we get back" from that break, Boxer told
reporters. Asked if this delay jeopardizes chances the Senate will pass
a bill this year, Boxer said, "Not a bit … we’ll be in (session)
until Christmas, so I’m not worried about it."
But Boxer did not guarantee Congress will be able to finish a bill
and deliver it to Obama by December, when he plans to attend an
international summit on climate change in Copenhagen.
postponement of a climate debate in her committee may well be an
acknowledgment of the challenge lawmakers are facing to rustle up that
$20 billion by month’s end — especially given that House
transportation committee chairman Jim Oberstar (D-MN) is refusing to budge on his commitment to a new transportation bill this year. The delay in climate may also be driven by the uncertainty surrounding a global pact on emissions reduction.
No matter what, however, the environmental news out of the Senate today is not good. | <urn:uuid:77b8293d-cb77-48fe-a96d-43ab9ed063ba> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://sf.streetsblog.org/2009/07/09/boxer-delays-senate-climate-bill-until-september/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720238.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00188-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95176 | 347 | 1.6875 | 2 |
Just to clarify: I want to connect two hosts, using 10BaseT Ethernet
cable. I can do this without a router, as long as I have the right
kind of cable, specially modified for peer-to-peer connections.
Here's the question: What is this cable called? Is this a
"crossover cable"? What other names does this kind of cable
have? What is a "crossover cable" for, if it's not for
peer-to-peer Ethernet connections?
What kinds of cable should I NOT use? i.e., I can't just
use regular Ethernet cable, not without a hub. Anything else
I should NOT use? Thanks for any help! :)
### John Nolan
### Drexel University, Philadelphia ~ (_)/ (_)
Man is the only animal that blushes -- or needs to.
-- Mark Twain | <urn:uuid:d5bfd25e-f781-42dc-8683-a56709659fbc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.verycomputer.com/167_eb8d8a27a2748f6d_1.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00470.warc.gz | en | 0.89011 | 186 | 1.75 | 2 |
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration issued an advisory Tuesday after finding "disturbingly high levels" of heavy metals in the herbal product kratom.
Field scientists tested 26 separate kratom products during a multistate outbreak of salmonella infections and during other investigations. They found lead and nickel at "levels not safe for human consumption," the FDA stated.
"While the levels of the specific products we've tested so far are not likely to result in immediate acute heavy metal poisoning from a single use, some of these products included levels that, with chronic use, could cause some people to suffer from heavy metal poisoning," Commissioner Scott Gottlieb said.
Kratom, derived from the leaves of a Southeast Asian tree that is part of the coffee family, has gained popularity in recent years. The FDA has said the active ingredient in kratom, mitragynine, is an addictive substance that acts on the brain's opioid receptors.
In April, salmonella infections linked to kratom sickened at least 132 people in 38 states, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported at the time.
In September, two manufacturers were issued warnings for allegedly making unproven medical claims that the herbal product would "relieve opium withdrawals" and treat medical conditions including diarrhea, depression, diabetes, obesity, high blood pressure, stomach parasites, diverticulitis, anxiety, and alcoholism.
To date, there have been no "adequate and well-controlled scientific studies" involving the use of kratom as a treatment for medical conditions or diseases in humans, the FDA warning stated.
Kratom has been linked to at least four deaths in the Philadelphia region. In Pennsylvania, mitragynine was present in 27 deaths last year, according to a statewide database that includes information from 37 of the state's 67 county coroners.
Kratom is sold online, in gas stations and smoke shops, and is typically brewed as a tea, chewed, smoked, or ingested in capsules. It is banned in several countries, including Australia, Denmark, Germany, Malaysia, and Thailand, as well as several U.S. states and municipalities. | <urn:uuid:7fad4e29-e194-4614-8522-2a4edc098519> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.inquirer.com/philly/health/kratom-fda-opioids-lead-nickel-addiction-pain-20181127.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.964201 | 436 | 2.578125 | 3 |
March 28, 2017
Inside The Digital Platform Championing Post-Digital Drawing
We speak to the founder of the blog KoozA/rch, Federica Sofia Zambeletti , about the resurgence of architectural drawing.
Digital technologies were supposed to kill the drawing. And in an obvious way they did, with CAD displacing hand draughtsmanship long ago. But drawing is more than mere delineation—measured construction drawings—or even the rendering, which has devolved into a mere marketing tool. Indeed, as Sam Jacob writes, it constitutes a fundamental “architectural act” that lies at the core of the discipline’s self-understanding.
Jacob describes a new “post-digital” mode of drawing that incorporates narrative cues, art historical allusions, and software-enabled collage techniques. It recalls Mies’s sparse one-point perspectives and de Chirico’s metaphysical paintings as well as the affected irreverence of Postmodernism. It’s a style popularized by blogs such as KoozA/rch, which was founded by architect Federica Sofia Zambeletti three years ago. We spoke to Zambeletti about the resurgence of architectural drawing and how the style could soon exhaust itself.
Samuel Medina: What prompted you to found KooZA/rch?
Federica Sofia Zambeletti: KooZA/rch was born from the idea of creating a platform where beautiful drawings, like those produced at the Architectural Association, could be presented and create an architectural dialogue. Too often the means through which we represent our projects, especially as students, are the only physical elements which bring the project to life—most of the times these are never constructed. As such, the role of the drawing as a prime site for architecture needs to be constantly addressed and developed.
SM: What is the importance of architectural representation? What do you make of this new “tendency”—why do you think this style has become so prevalent in universities and among “critical” practices?
FSZ: I don’t think it is about representation but about architectural communication. The hyper realistic softwares, through which we render a utopian view of the project, do the “real” [work of] representation. These new images focus on the concepts and atmospheres that the architects want to create. Here, the drawings enter a much larger dialogue, not only about the visual identity of the project but the narrative, context, and identity of both project and architect. The image produced is as much of the finished product as it is of the driving conceptual forces that developed it.
SM: How would you characterize this drawing style?
FSZ: I must admit that these are much more artistic than “architectural.” Coming from an Italian background, I have always been fascinated by how architecture was represented in paintings of Bellini and Raffaello, particularly Predica di san Marco ad Alessandria d’Egitto by Bellini and The Marriage of the Virgin by Raffaello. In both, architecture plays a major role in defining the composition: It is not just a background but the performative actor on the canvas.
SM: Who were the early pioneers of this approach, would you say?
FSZ: It’s a continuum!
SM: So, when would you date this style to?
FSZ: I think it really depends on what terms we use to define it. One can go as back as the 1960s with Superstudio and Archigram and then of course to the paper architects of the ‘90s. For sure, these influences are there, but what I find extremely interesting is the choice of images borrowed from artists like Hopper, Hockney, and Magritte, among others. We often witness how designers reference these artists and allow for further exploration of them, each in different ways.
SM: To what extent is this an international trend, beyond the AA and London, or the Ivy League circuit? Are there local or cultural differences you can see in the style?
FSZ: It is for sure an international language, although there are some cultural differences, which we must treasure to maintain identities. I feel that otherwise we risk this new type of drawing becoming so standardized that we might as well go back to the hyper-realistic rendering.
SM: Do you feel that this “standardization” could soon become the case? How might KoozA/rch help to prevent this?
FSZ: Yes, this might already be the case, but my hope is that our interviews and publications invite architects and aspiring architects to reflect upon the graphic language [they use] in relation to the proposal rather than just copying a specific aesthetic. The proliferation of figures such as Hockney and Magritte [in these drawings] is something we need to be very aware of, as these now just occur in images without having a specific reason that has led to a standard understanding of something which at its origin held a significant role. I am not against the re-appropriation of previous narratives so long they hold a specific position.
SM: Would you say that this mode of drawing—or the “return” to drawing—carries with it a criticism of contemporary architectural culture?
As architecture verges towards some kind of generic corporate standard, this type of drawing tries to reappraise the poetics of atmosphere. | <urn:uuid:93bbcc66-c666-483f-a190-3e3bd64898b2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://metropolismag.com/viewpoints/inside-digital-platform-championing-post-digital-drawing/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00667.warc.gz | en | 0.958409 | 1,144 | 1.90625 | 2 |
Due to COVID-19 restrictions, a selection of on-campus papers will be made available via distance and online learning for eligible students.
Find out which papers are available and how to apply on our COVID-19 website
An advanced study of a topic in American literature.
This interdisciplinary paper examines the implications of Cubist painting for 20th-century literary and filmic practices. It investigates Cubism's role in the formal innovations of American poets (Stein, Williams); the development of avant-garde filmmaking (Léger); cinematic and novelistic montage (Vertov); experimental narrative (Robbe-Grillet); dialectical structuring in political theatre and film (Brecht, Godard, Tanner); and the collage aesthetic in fiction and film (Fowles, Berger, Marker, Ondaatje, and Girard).
|Paper title||A Topic in American Literature|
|Teaching period||Full Year (On campus)|
|Domestic Tuition Fees (NZD)||$1,174.57|
|International Tuition Fees||Tuition Fees for international students are elsewhere on this website.|
- 72 points from ENGL 311-368, EURO 302
- More information link
- Teaching staff
- Convenor and Lecturer: Dr Rochelle Simmons
I. Books to be purchased - please make sure that you either own or have access to the following:
- Stein, Gertrude. The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas (1933)
- Brecht, Bertolt. The Caucasian Chalk Circle (1945)
- Robbe-Grillet, Alain. Jealousy (1957)
- Fowles, John. The French Lieutenant's Woman (1969)
- Berger, John. G. (1972)
- Ondaatje, Michael. In the Skin of a Lion (1987)
- McCarthy, Tom. Men in Space (2007)
- Egan, Jennifer. Look at Me (2011)
- Smith, Ali. Autumn (2016)
II. Films to be screened
- Léger, Fernand. Ballet mécanique (1924)
- Vertov, Dziga, The Man With a Movie Camera (1928)
- Godard, Jean-Luc. Two or Three Things I Know About Her (1966)
- Godard, Jean-Luc. Tout va Bien (1972)
- Berger, John. Ways of Seeing, Episode One (1972)
- Marker, Chris. Sunless (1982)
- Girard, Francois. Thirty Two Short Films About Glenn Gould (1993)
III. A course reader will be available from the Printery.
- Graduate Attributes Emphasised
- Global perspective, Interdisciplinary perspective, Scholarship, Communication, Critical
thinking, Cultural understanding, Information literacy, Research, Self-motivation.
View more information about Otago's graduate attributes.
- Learning Outcomes
Students who successfully complete this paper will
- Discuss relationships between literary, cinematic and visual material
- Examine inter-art analogies drawn from a variety of media
- Analyse a range of texts from historical, theoretical, critical and comparative perspectives
- Develop methodological and scholarly tools appropriate for literary, cinematic and visual analysis | <urn:uuid:63cd3c62-d238-4f1a-809d-0682152798f5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.otago.ac.nz/postgraduate/papers/index.html?papercode=ENGL477 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00470.warc.gz | en | 0.76351 | 753 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Spring is on the way with flying arrows. Which proves that islanders living in Japan’s Seto Inland Sea area don’t just sit around doing nothing all day (well, not every day anyway). On March 6, Awashima Island (population 300) will host a Japanese archery festival called Momote, a tradition that goes back hundreds of years.
Japanese archery, called kyudo (the way of the bow) has been around since Emperor Jinmu, the legendary first emperor of Japan. He is always pictured holding a bow. According to ancient chronicles, Emperor Jinmu was born Feb. 13, 711 B.C. in what is now Miyazaki Prefecture in Kyushu. Before 711 B.C. was Japan’s Age of the Gods. The emperor himself was a descendent of Amaterasu, the Sun Goddess.
I figure Jinmu must have dropped out of mainstream god society to become emperor and create the Imperial throne. Perhaps he got an annulment. At any rate, I have no problem imagining that the Imperial family is descended from the Sun Goddess. It was all so long ago that it’s like me saying I am the daughter of the stepson of the third wife of the fifth son of the King’s horse twice removed.
The ancient chronicles say Emperor Jinmu died at the age of 126, but is still remembered now every February. During the Meiji Period, Feb. 11, 660 B.C. was honored as the day Emperor Jinmu ascended the throne (creating the Imperial family) and thus founded Japan. Until 1948, this day was a national holiday called Kigensetsu. These days, however, we know it as Kenkoku kinen no hi, or “National Foundation Day.”
But there is a big problem with Emperor Jinmu: It is speculated, and largely believed, that he never existed. In which case, if it’s true, someone just made up all these stories and dates.
Even if Emperor Jinmu is not real, the bow he is always pictured with probably is and makes me believe that bows and arrows were used as far back as his time. I doubt the gods needed them before then (presuming they were not related to Cupid, whom to me, does not look like a nisei anyway).
At some point later, archery was performed on horseback, called yabusame. Yabusame warriors fought in the Battle of Yashima in the Genpei War (1180-85). In this famous Inland Sea battle between the Heike and the Genji clans, Nasu Yoichi outwitted the Heike warriors who challenged him to shoot at a target in the sea. Rather than shooting from shore, the way the Heike thought he would, Nasu rode his horse into the sea until he was up close to the target, and shot right through it. Yay Nasu!
Yabusame was later used as a military training exercise for the samurai to instill concentration and discipline. Zen incorporated yabusame into its teaching to give warriors the clarity and focus needed to master their fears in battle.
Warriors also performed yabusame to entertain the Shinto gods. As you probably know, gods like horses. The warriors were keen to impress the gods by galloping down a track and shooting arrows at three targets, hitting the bull’s eye on each one. (But oh, all the blind cows!)
Kyudo embodies the three essential elements: Truth, goodness and beauty. One must shoot with “a pure heart and meaningful purpose.” Today people still practice Kyudo for moral and spiritual development.
Should you decide to go to a kyudo or yabusame festival, here are a few things you should know. Never step over a bow (called a yumi) when it is lying on the ground. The bow is said to embody the spirit of the person who made it. To step over it is considered disrespectful. Treat unto the bow as if it was a person (ie: with respect). And never, ever covet someone else’s bow. Never even touch it without asking.
Should you see any of the following animals, be sure to thank them, because the arrows (ya) have bamboo shafts fletched with feathers from them: turkeys, swan, geese, eagles or hawks. The nock can be made from the horn of a deer or goat.
At the Momote festival on Awashima, locals participate and write their wishes on a piece of paper. These are attached to the arrow. If they hit the target, their wish will come true. Those having a yakudoshi (bad luck year) can also attempt to get rid of the bad luck by hitting the target. I asked a local what happens if you can’t hit the target and he said, “No worries. If you can’t hit it, someone will hit it for you.” | <urn:uuid:05464455-2b71-414f-9a05-4107b7d34670> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.japantimes.co.jp/community/2011/03/05/our-lives/kyudo-hitting-the-target/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00362-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96744 | 1,045 | 2.65625 | 3 |
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Definition of the noun Acuticythereis
What does Acuticythereis mean as a name of something?
Acuticythereis is a genus of Trachyleberididae, described by Edwards in 1944.
- synonym: genus Acuticythereis
- kingdom: Animalia
- phylum: Arthropoda
- class: Ostracoda
- order: Podocopida
- family: Trachyleberididae
Phrases with Acuticythereis
- Acuticythereis laevissima
- Acuticythereis Tuberculata
- Species Acuticythereis Laevissima
- genus Acuticythereis
Printed books with definitions for Acuticythereis
Click on a title to look inside that book (if available):
Its Fundamentals and Applications by N. Ikeya, K. Ishizaki, T. Hanai
Campylocythere is restricted to Atlantic Coast mild-temperate and subtropical regions; Acuticythereis is an inhabitant of subtropical (off western Florida) to subtropical-tropical transitional (off Puerto Rico) areas. All extant species of ...
Online dictionaries and encyclopedias with entries for Acuticythereis
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Scrabble value of A1C3U1T1I1C3Y4T1H4E1R1E1I1S1
The value of this 14-letter word is 24 points, but it's not an accepted word in the Official Scrabble Players Dictionary.
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Go to the thesaurus of Acuticythereis to find many related words and phrases! | <urn:uuid:e98253f3-dc1c-4702-b212-f6624acbedb1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.omnilexica.com/?q=Acuticythereis | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00014-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.726897 | 382 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Two days before two million people in cities around the world would demonstrate against Monsanto and genetically modified food, Senators here in the United States struck down an amendment that would allow states to regulate the labeling of GMO foods.
The amendment, introduced by Senator Bernie Sanders (I-VT) as part of the massive, wide-ranging farm bill, was overwhelmingly rejected by senators on Thursday in a 71-27 vote. The amendment would have supported and clarified the existing rights of states to enact their own laws requiring the labeling of genetically engineered foods.
“Considering that loyal states’ rights Senators like Senator Rand Paul (R-KY) didn’t vote for the amendment shows the tremendous lengths that biotech companies like Monsanto went to defeat the amendment and distort the meaning about the amendment,” Colin O’Neil, Director of Government Affairs at the Center for Food Safety, tells TakePart.
Twenty-six states have introduced labeling laws so far this year, and there's a very real possibility of bills passing in a number of legislatures. The state Senate in both Vermont and Connecticut passed labeling bills this month that have a good chance of being signed into law, and New York may soon pass a law too. But Sanders fears that without clarification on the rights of states to regulate the industry, agribusiness and Big Food companies would be able to sue the states for preempting federal authority.
Genetically modified crops like soybeans and corn are big business in many agriculture states, and in turn, lawmakers representing farming constituencies strongly opposed the amendment on Thursday. But in defending their “no” votes, Senators sounded like apologists for the virtues of GE crops.
“This particular amendment would interfere with the FDA's science-based process to determine what food labeling is necessary for consumers,” Debbie Stabenow (D-MI.), the chair of the Agriculture Committee, told the Huffington Post. “It's also important to note that around the world now we are seeing genetically modified crops that have the ability to resist crop diseases and improve nutritional content and survive drought conditions in many developing countries.”
The timing of Thursday’s vote was interesting, considering that two days later an incredible two million protesters would take to the streets in 536 cities in 52 countries in the multinational “March Against Monsanto.” Carrying signs with sayings like, “Plant Seed, Not Greed” and “OMG GMO WTF,” protesters rallied for labeling initiatives and restrictions on GE foods, but also voiced a general distaste for Monsanto. Sixty-four countries require GMO foods to be labeled and GE foods are banned altogether in several other nations—but not the United States.
Despite the defeat of Sanders’ GMO labeling amendment, sustainable food advocates need not hang their heads just yet: The Senate will likely pick up arguments for or against several important amendments involving GE foods when it reconvenes next Monday. These include:
Boxer amendment (#1026) in support of mandatory GMO labeling, as well as her amendment requesting that the FDA and USDA study the 64 countries around the world that already require GMO labeling. Begich amendment (# 934) to ban the sale of genetically engineered salmon until federal wildlife agencies are properly consulted. Merkley amendment (#978) to repeal the “ Monsanto Protection Act” provision in the 2013 government spending bill, which serverly limited judicial oversight of genetically engineered crops. Boxer amendment (#1027) to protect honey bees and native pollinators, which declined by over 45 percent last winter as a result of pesticides and industrial agriculture. Tester amendment to reinvigorate public plant and animal breeding, which has hit an all-time low because of private sector domination by companies like Monsanto.
“The best way for people to get the fairest, most sustainable farm bill is to call their Senators in support of these vital amendments,” says O’Neil of the Center for Food Safety. | <urn:uuid:f8beacc8-5d5c-4351-97c3-23bf6aa3eb92> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.yahoo.com/news/debating-gmos-congress-streets-235419626.html?soc_src=mediacontentstory&ref=gs | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718296.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00538-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950872 | 808 | 1.976563 | 2 |
This project was funded by the State Justice Institute. Additional funding was provided by the NM Administrative Office of the Courts, the NM Judicial Education Center and the NM School of Law. The primary objective of this project was to develop a sustainable training and qualification process for court interpreters of the Navajo language and the languages of New Mexico’s Pueblos, which is culturally appropriate and protects the rights of tribal members as they function within the state court system. The project is intended to be replicable in other states, and includes training for judges and state court personnel.
Video Documentary on Project
The New Mexico Administrative Office of the Courts (NMAOC) in collaboration with the University of New Mexico, School of Law worked on the development of a language neutral, culturally appropriate educational model to prepare interpreters of Tribal languages to provide language access services in a variety of court and legal settings. The Alaska Court System participated in this project as it relates to their work with Yup’ik speakers in the Bethel region of Alaska.
Underlying this work is the common thread of culture within each language group. Cultural morés will have an impact on defining the abstract legal concepts, understanding modes of interpreting, and framing ethical parameters that respect the relationship of interpreter and “client” within the specific cultural context.
Work session on July 22, 2014, Pamela Sánchez, AOC, Dr. Sims, Prof. Creel, Crystal Garrison, Dr. Bird, Ida Bradley, Blanche Charles, Frank Morgan.
This effort builds upon the existing technologies and expertise in interpreter training of New Mexico Center for Language Access. The project was driven by Core Design Teams comprised of tribal members with expertise in native languages, law, and education. They identified and addressed critical issues and work with NMCLA to develop curricula and standards that maintain the integrity of the court interpreter’s role, while respecting and reflecting unique cultural and linguistic factors. This culturally specific perspective drives the qualification standards that prospective bicultural Interpreters must attain.
For purposes of archiving, providing a foundation for evaluation, and fostering replication in other states, the experiences, processes and outcomes of the activities of the Core Design Teams and work groups were captured through videotaping of selected meetings and activities and interviews with key participants at progressive intervals. This documentation and related analysis provides a model, which is shared with other states and Tribes through the New Mexico Center for Language Access, an NMAOC program, extending the project’s work beyond the scope of the grant, providing inspiration and materials to others, and preserving the investment of time and other resources.
Work session on July 22, 2014, Ida Bradley, Blanche Charles, Frank Morgan.
Meeting with Pueblo Leaders & Members at the NM Supreme Court | <urn:uuid:502dd717-2141-41b1-9ac5-df33343cfe85> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nmcenterforlanguageaccess.org/cms/en/courts-agencies/native-languages | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.927448 | 573 | 2.0625 | 2 |
What does CHAM mean in Hospitals?
This page is about the meanings of the acronym/abbreviation/shorthand CHAM in the Medical field in general and in the Hospitals terminology in particular.
Find a translation for CHAM in other languages:
Select another language:
What does CHAM mean?
- An autocrat or dominant critic, especially Samuel Johnson. | <urn:uuid:ed1524f8-6c29-420c-8b53-361e8fb6f35f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.abbreviations.com/term/1393662 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00236-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.872027 | 80 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Establishing a “Rosetta Stone” prior to undertaking technology investment discussions can help stakeholders sidestep the competing agendas and inconsistent metrics that often undermine effective decision-making.
In many organizations, competing agendas, poor interdepartmental communication, and a paucity of uniform data regularly turn IT spending discussions into something akin to a barroom brawl. Technologists want to build the perfect solution, but may not factor in cost. Business leaders—largely unschooled in the minutiae of technology implementations—present long wish lists of the latest applications that are “absolutely critical” to strategic success. Meanwhile, finance looks relentlessly for ways to cut costs. “What is the financial rationale for spending this amount on technology?” asks the CFO, impatiently.
“IT investment decisions are notoriously difficult to make,” says Charles Alsdorf, a director with Deloitte Transactions and Business Analytics LLP. “Each stakeholder group views proposed IT investments through its own strategic lens, and defines ‘value’ in its own way. As such, they build business cases for proposed projects using their own, often conflicting, assumptions of benefits, costs, and risks. In many cases, this results in poor IT spending decisions that fail to serve the company’s needs.”
Alsdorf says that increasingly, forward-thinking CIOs are deploying powerful decision analysis methodologies, along with portfolio optimization and visualization tools, to build discipline into the process of making IT spending decisions and to enhance communication among stakeholder groups. Used in concert, these tools and approaches act as a kind of Rosetta Stone that translates benefits, costs, and risks of proposed IT projects into a uniform set of facts and assumptions that can frame IT planning discussions, help build stakeholder consensus, and ultimately support better outcomes.
“Most companies can point to failed IT projects that should never have been funded,” says Alsdorf. “In using a Rosetta Stone model, CIOs and other stakeholders are taking steps to break the cycle of bad decision-making. Specifically, they are creating a planning framework for better understanding an IT investment’s likely ROI and, perhaps more important, for meeting each group’s technology needs.”
Building an Analytical Framework
A Rosetta Stone model features the following major components:
Multi-attribute Decision Analysis: To effectively measure and compare competing objectives and contradictory criteria, decision-makers may utilize multi-attribute decision analysis (MADA), a formal methodology for “comparing apples to oranges.” Here’s how it works: At company X, budgets for new technologies are tight. The sales team asks IT to implement a newly released CRM solution from a leading front-office vendor. IT responds that it can build a superior solution internally—one that will ultimately require less maintenance—but the project could take up to eight months to complete. For its part, finance suggests that allocating precious IT resources to long-overdue ERP enhancements will likely deliver greater overall ROI than the CRM investment.
“MADA begins with a detailed questionnaire that helps stakeholders create valuation logic to weigh the benefits and costs of a particular idea,” explains Alsdorf. “Stakeholders might answer questions about the degree to which their project aligns with short- and long-term strategic goals; the effect the project may have on customers, regulators, finance, IT, and other stakeholders; the benefits and costs of investing in only one component of a proposed project; and the list goes on. The answers they provide illuminate areas of common ground, beneficial and flawed assumptions, and specific attributes that can be prioritized to maximize ROI.”
Portfolio Optimization Tools: In assessing benefits, costs, and risks identified during the MADA process, it is not enough to create a ranking of proposals, says Joseph Messick, a senior manager with Deloitte Services LLP. “Using IT portfolio optimization to incorporate this data into existing IT portfolio data and performance metrics, planners can identify the interdependencies between two or more proposals, or among proposals and existing IT assets, and then assign value to those interdependencies.”
For example, if a proposed investment requires additional IT infrastructure, a portfolio optimization tool can help identify existing and proposed systems that could also leverage the new infrastructure. “These tools can also help planners assess how alternative levels of funding might affect overall ROI, and how differing levels of project-related risk (financial, regulatory, and security risk, among others) correlate with different outcomes.”
The Visualization Layer: The final component of the Rosetta Stone framework is a layer of visualization technologies—typically offered in the form of a user-friendly dashboard—that depict various resource allocation scenarios in an unbiased and intuitive way. “This component makes it possible for members of the C-suite and other decision-makers to perform trade-off analysis, and to help identify winning proposals,” says Messick. “When the business cases and subsequent analysis that various groups bring to IT planning discussions are complex and interdependent—as they often are—decision-makers can approach their analysis with more clarity and confidence when they are able to visualize scenarios.”
Questioning Mandate Claims
According to Alsdorf, even with the Rosetta Stone in place, some individuals participating in IT budget allocation discussions may attempt to secure a green light for their team’s pet projects through somewhat dubious means. For example, if a team leader claims that a certain aspect of his group’s proposed project is mandated—e.g. financial regulations impose specific procedural requirements that, left unaddressed, could result in non-compliance—then that project will likely be prioritized. Or teams may load bells and whistles from their “wish list” onto an otherwise legitimate project.
“While there are legitimate mandates that planners must consider in IT resource allocation discussions, simply prioritizing all proposals containing “mandates” can undermine efforts to impose discipline on resource allocation discussions,” says Alsdorf. “By imposing a strict definition of a ‘mandate’ in the context of IT budget allocation discussions—for instance, it is a requirement that left unmet will result in a lawsuit, cause significant damage to the company and its customers, or lead to a loss of reputation—CIOs can discourage abuse of the mandate loophole.”
“Once deployed, the Rosetta Stone can be used to generate the critical, targeted data needed to track progress on approved projects and, in some cases, alert stakeholders to problems,” says Alsdorf. Moreover, it can help CIOs leverage scarce IT resources in ways that continually benefit stakeholders. “The IT group gets the direction and the resources it needs to deliver a product of which it can be proud. Business leaders get enhanced functionality, faster than expected. And the CFO sees greater cost efficiencies and enhanced value for investors.”
About Deloitte Insights
Deloitte Insights for CIOs couples broad business insights with deep technical knowledge to help executives drive business and technology strategy, support business transformation, and enhance growth and productivity. Through fact-based research, technology perspectives and analyses, case studies and more, Deloitte Insights for CIOs informs the essential conversations in global, technology-led organizations. | <urn:uuid:34e5a713-ef8e-47de-b3e2-47dc7c7923a4> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://deloitte.wsj.com/cio/2014/05/28/a-strategy-for-making-better-it-investment-decisions/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721174.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00282-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.918752 | 1,531 | 2 | 2 |
RRSPs and RESPs
A registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) can be an effective way to benefit from tax-deferred compound interest and accumulate savings for your long-term retirement goals. And if you have children, a registered education savings plan (RESP) can help you contribute to their post-secondary education.
The advantages of RRSPs and RESPs include:
- Tax-deductible RRSP contributions
- Tax deferral of compounding income and growth
- Government RESP grant is available based on family net income and amount contributed
We can help you personalize an investment portfolio based on your financial security goals, your tolerance to risk and your timeline for realizing your goals. Contact today to take a closer look at your investment portfolio and find out how RRSPs and RESPs could be part of your financial security plan. | <urn:uuid:1e29ee8c-4bb1-4add-b26f-1726debec641> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.grantlaube.com/products/retirement/rsp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00471.warc.gz | en | 0.942038 | 174 | 1.625 | 2 |
Situated less than 2km from Kadina’s main shopping area Wallaroo Mines Primary School is certainly worth a visit. Originally established in 1876 it was Kadina’s first primary school. Following a proud 90 year tradition the school was relocated in 1966 to the current, quiet Lipson Ave site where it continues to provide an excellent standard of education for R-7 students from Kadina and the surrounding community.
The Values of Communication, Understanding, Trust, Collaboration and Relationships underpin all that we do.
A small school with many features Wallaroo Mines Primary School offers:
- Quality learning programs including Literacy and Numeracy support and a model of Learner Intervention that supports ALL of our students.
- Whole School agreements for the teaching of Literacy and Numeracy.
- Small class sizes.
- Access to a wide range of digital learning experiences including iPads, MacBooks and a wireless network ensuring access anywhere and anytime. A ratio of one portable device for every two students.
- Fully fenced grounds.
- School gymnasium.
- Ample parking.
- School funded bus providing pick up and drop off to the centre of Kadina each day.
- Fridges in every classroom.
- The personal touch that can only be found in a small school! All of our staff know all of our students and our involvement in the Better Buddies program helps promote positive relationships between our younger and older students.
So, if you are moving to Kadina or perhaps you already live here, Wallaroo Mines Primary School is certainly worth considering for your child’s education. Contact the school to make an appointment to talk with the Principal and have a school tour. We look forward to meeting you.
Our Staff List
Student Well Being Leader
Teacher & AET
Pastrol Care worker
The Copper Coast
Our community is a wonderful tourist destination comprising Kadina, Wallaroo Mines, Wallaroo and Moonta, known as the Copper Coast. Situated at the top of Yorke Peninsula we have easy access to Adelaide, Clare and Barossa Valleys, Flinders Ranges and Eyre Peninsula.
The historical town of Kadina has beautiful beaches, museums, community library, sporting facilities, B&Bs, coffee shops, restaurants, hotels and much more. We are part of the District Council of the Copper Coast and our neighboring towns of Wallaroo and Moonta also have a range of facilities for locals and visitors to enjoy.
Every two years our region celebrates our Cornish mining history with a major festival, the Kernewek Lowender. For more information about the festival, please visit http://www.kernewek.org/ | <urn:uuid:6c4c1d3c-a52b-4cc1-99d9-1e0f3fbf4548> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://walminesps.sa.edu.au/about-us/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.878234 | 1,081 | 1.632813 | 2 |
At the place where "Stanley" the lamb was born, he was a teaching tool used to show students how to work with animals. By the time he was two months old, he had his tail docked, he was neutered, he was tagged through his ear and his horns were removed.
And the final and worst injury was to be taken from his mom and brother forever, with no warning, at only eight weeks of age.
According to one of the students, who became attached to Stanley, he was headed for auction. When the student called us to take Stanley in, we agreed.
Little Stanley was understandably depressed and stressed out when he first arrived, but after making friends with Josh the sheep and being surrounded by kind volunteers, Stanley is beginning to settle in.
After two weeks of quarantine and rehabilitation, Stanley joined the other animals in our barnyard today! Hooray! We are blown away by how Josh cared for Stanley while in quarantine. He has proven himself a true father figure and friend to Stanley. We are sure that it was healing for Josh as well, since he lost his mother and hasn't really connected with any of the other animals since. | <urn:uuid:403bee39-12f9-4718-ab9d-a4e3f2f97bf8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.all-creatures.org/stories/a-stanley.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00428-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.994479 | 240 | 1.539063 | 2 |
YOUR THYROID AND WHY IT MATTERS
Your thyroid is a small butterfly-shaped endocrine gland located in the middle of your lower neck, just over the windpipe. Its job is controlling the body’s metabolism—the basic processes that turn food and water into energy so we can function and live our lives.
In order to control metabolism, the thyroid gland produces hormones that are secreted into the blood, which then carries the hormones throughout your body. Those hormones help the body use energy, stay warm, and keep the brain, heart, muscles and other organs working like they should.
The growth and development of all your body tissues are dependent on your thyroid working properly. If your thyroid is overactive or underactive, that can create health problems called thyroid disorders like hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism.
What is hyperthyroidism?
Hyperthyroidism occurs when your thyroid overproduces a hormone called thyroxine. When that happens, it causes your metabolism to speed up which creates symptoms like weight loss, sweating, anxiety, and tremors.
What causes hyperthyroidism?
- Graves’ disease: This is the most common cause (in more than 70% of people) of hyperthyroidism. A person suffers from this condition when antibodies in the blood stimulate the Thyroid gland to grow and secrete excessive thyroid hormones. This kind of a disorder is usually hereditary and surprisingly, more often than not, young women tend to be its victims.
- Thyroid nodules: Another cause of hyperthyroidism is also the presence of one or more lumps—called nodules—in the thyroid gland. These gradually grow and become overactive, releasing excessive thyroid hormones into the bloodstream.
- Thyroiditis: Thyroiditis, or inflammation of the thyroid, is usually caused by a problem with the immune system or a viral infection or by the intake of excessive Thyroid hormone in the tablet forms. This disorder can be both painful and painless; the painless variety occurs most frequently in women after childbirth.
What is hypothyroidism?
In contrast to hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism refers to an underactive thyroid that doesn’t produce enough of those hormones that regulate metabolism.
What causes hypothyroidism?
- Autoimmune diseases: Sometimes, the immune system mistakes the thyroid gland cells and their enzymes as invaders and attacks them. That causes a shortage of thyroid cells and enzymes left to produce thyroid hormone. This condition is known as Autoimmune thyroiditis. This is more common in women than men and may begin suddenly or develop slowly over many years.
- Surgical removal: If part or all of your thyroid gland is removed for a certain reason—nodules, cancer, or Graves’ disease—chances are that you may begin to suffer from hypothyroidism. If you’ve had your whole thyroid removed, the surgery will result hypothyroidism. If only a part of the gland is removed, thyroid levels may still remain within normal limits, provided the un-removed glands function as they should.
- Radiation treatment: Sometimes, radioactive iodine is used to destroy the thyroid gland in people with a thyroid disorder or certain cancers of the head and neck. This usually results in loss of part or all of the thyroid function.
- Inherited disease: Hypothyroidism can also be passed on to an unborn child in the womb. Some babies are born without the thyroid gland or with only a partly formed one. Occasionally, some infants will be born with part or all of their thyroid in the wrong place (Ectopic Thyroid). For others, the thyroid cells or their enzymes do not function properly.
- Inflammation of the thyroid: Thyroiditis (an inflammation of the thyroid gland usually caused by an autoimmune attack or by a viral infection) makes the thyroid gland release all its stored supply of thyroid hormone into the blood at one time. This causes a temporary period of hyperthyroidism, later followed by hypothyroidism.
- Certain medicines: Some drugs can trigger hypothyroidism and prevent the thyroid gland from being able to produce the hormones. This is especially true in the case of patients who have a genetic tendency towards autoimmune thyroid disease.
- Too much or too little iodine: Iodine is essential to produce thyroid hormone, but too much or too little can cause or worsen hypothyroidism.
- Damaged pituitary gland: When your pituitary gland is damaged because of disease or surgery, it may no longer be able to regulate the production and release of thyroid hormones.
- Rare disorders: Some diseases cause deposits of abnormal substances in the thyroid gland, impairing its ability to function. For example, Sarcoidosis may deposit granulomas or small areas of inflammation and hemochromatosis can cause iron deposits.
Information provided is for general background purposes and is not intended as a substitute for medical diagnosis or treatment by a trained professional. You should always consult your physician about any healthcare questions you may have, especially before trying a new medication, diet, fitness program, or approach to healthcare issues. | <urn:uuid:7a3f172d-6a4e-4306-ac22-9d0f54b1c8a3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.abbott.in/live-healthy/manage/thyroid-health/your-thyroid-and-why-it-matters.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00506-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.92662 | 1,062 | 3.515625 | 4 |
Staying Safe in Hot Temperatures
Email Breathe Easy on: email@example.com
Website: Supporting Lung Disease in the UK | Breathe Easy Darlington
Breathe Eas Darlington
There are rising levels of abuse directed towards GP practice staff and this is wholly unacceptable, including violent threats and verbal assaults❗️
GP surgeries have been working tirelessly to continue to provide a full service for patients whilst tackling an increase in demand for services, with over 169,000 face to face appointments held in Tees Valley last month alone.
Please remember that staff working in general practice are doing their very best to help in very challenging times
Need to see a GP outside normal surgery hours?
Don't forget we offer early morning appointments 7.30am and 7.45am at the Practice (Monday to Thursday) and evening appointments from 6.30pm to 7.45pm on Thursdays. You can also access evening appointments (Monday to Friday) from 6.30pm onwards and between 9am and 1pm on Sundays at Forsyth House on Woodlands Road. Appointments can be booked by contacting our reception team.
The guidance on wearing of face coverings in healthcare settings was updated on 1st June. The guidance for patients attending primary care is that 'patients with respiratory symptoms who are required to attend for emergency treatment should wear a facemask/covering, if tolerated, or offered one on arrival. All other patients are not required to wear a facemask unless this is a personal preference'.
We would, however, ask patients with symptoms suggestive of covid such as a cough or sore throat to wear a mask whilst in the practice to protect other vulnerable patients.
We must not forget Covid has not gone away and there were 18,389 Admission to hospitals in England throughout May 2022 compared to 2,569 in May 2021, with 614 deaths within 28 days (835 within 60 days) in the last week.
So please let's protect our most vulnerable patients – if you are concerned or are a vulnerable patient our advice remains that you should continue to wear a face covering and we would urge ALL patients to continue to wear face coverings in the practice so that we can protect our most vulnerable patients.
Our clinical staff will continue to wear face coverings in all face to face consultations.
Thanks for your co-operation.
Following feedback from our patients through both the GP survey and other routes, we acknowledge that your access to appointments needs improving. We are currently working to redesign our processes to improve access. We will communicate changes as they occur.
We now have available pre-bookable appointments up to 12 weeks in advance for non- urgent and routine conditions, these can be booked throughout the day to avoid long delays when calling the surgery. Can we encourage you to avoid calling at 8am if your need is not urgent (so that patients with urgent, same day, requests can be dealt with promptly). For routine appointments we encourage you to ring after 11am as we can be more responsive once urgent demand has been dealt with.
Can we also encourage patients to use the dedicated Prescription e-mail address firstname.lastname@example.org for any medication request or queries.
We hope that this achieves an improvement in access to appointments.
Better Health at Work Award
We are an Armed Forces veteran friendly accredited GP practice.
This means that, as part of the health commitments of the Armed Forces Covenant, we have a dedicated clinical who has a specialist knowledge of military related health conditions and veteran specific health services. This is important in helping ex-forces to get the best care and treatment.
If you are ex-forces, please let your GP know to help ensure you are getting the best possible care.
To find out more, ask your nurse or GP.
Public Health England
Carmel Medical Centre has been selected to take part in an important study to test the use of self-sampling in the NHS Cervical Screening Programme in England. Self-sampling is a new method that is being considered for the NHS Cervical Screening Programme; this test can be completed at home and if implemented in the programme could increase access to screening for many people.
Before self-sampling can be offered as part of routine screening, it needs to be tested to ensure that the results are as accurate as the results from a sample taken by a doctor or nurse.
HPValidate is a study that is being led by Public Health England which will compare self-taken samples with samples taken by a doctor or nurse. This will help the NHS Cervical Screening Programme to decide what device/s could be used for HPV self-sampling in the future.
Over the next few weeks we will be inviting patients who are due for routine cervical screening (smear test) to take part in this study; participants will be asked to use one of the self-tests before having their sample taken by the doctor or nurse. If you receive an invitation letter with information about the study please talk to your doctor or nurse when you come in for your appointment and they will be able to provide you with further information.
IMPORTANT ANNOUNCEMENT REGARDING PROF FUAT'S RETIREMENT
The time has come for me to retire from general practice as a GP at Carmel Medical Practice on 1st October 2021. I would like to thank all our patients, their families, and carers that I have had the privilege of looking after over the last 35 years. I have really enjoyed my time as a General Practitioner and am humbled that I have been able to carry out this role for such a long time and had the most amazing support from my staff and colleagues over the years. I will continue in an advisory capacity ONLY at Carmel Medical Practice and will carry on conducting valuable research tohopefully help the lives of future generations. It is with sadness but also a great degree of pride that I sign off as a general practitioner. Thank you all once again.
Prof A Fuat
NHS Covid-19 Vaccine Research Registry
The NIHR officially launched the new NHS Covid-19 vaccine research registry: www.nhs.uk/sign-up-to-be-contacted-for-research
This has been designed to help large numbers of people be recruited into vaccine trials over the coming months.
We would very much appreciate your help in raising awareness of this register within your community.
DUE TO GOVERNMENT GUIDANCE ON THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC PLEASE SEE BELOW FOR IMPORTANT CHANGES.
WHEN ATTENDING THE SURGERY FOR AN APPOINTMENT, COULD YOU PLEASE WEAR YOUR OWN FACE MASK/COVERING WHENEVER POSSIBLE AS OUR SUPPLIES ARE VERY LIMITED.
THIS IS NOW A COMPULSORY REQUIREMENT.
MUCH APPRECIATED AND MANY THANKS.
PLEASE WHERE POSSIBLE USE E-CONSULT AS YOUR FIRST POINT OF CONTACT. THIS CAN BE FOUND ON THE FRONT PAGE OF OUR WEBSITE. WE WILL RESPOND WITHIN ONE WORKING DAY. www.carmelmedicalcentre.co.uk
WE ARE NOW TRIAGING ALL GP AND NURSE APPOINTMENT REQUESTS BY TELEPHONE. PLEASE CALL RECEPTION AS USUAL THE Clinician WILL THEN DECIDE HOW TO PROCEED.
WE ENVISAGE BEING ABLE TO RESOLVE MANY PROBLEMS IN THIS MANNER, HOWEVER, PLEASE BE ASSURED THAT IF THE GP NEEDS TO SEE YOU FACE TO FACE, THEY WILL ADVISE YOU OF THIS ON THE CALL AND BOOK YOU IN APPROPRIATELY.
THIS IS TO KEEP OUR PATIENTS AND TEAM MEMBERS SAFE. THANK YOU FOR UNDERSTANDING.
We are an NHS doctor partnership working from purpose-built premises opened in July 1989. The surgery offers suitable access for all disabled patients and a play area for children. We have a full complement of ancillary staff comprising: practice manager, receptionists, practice nurses, health care assistants, health visitors, secretary and computer staff. We provide a full range of general medical services, including maternity care, cervical smears, contraception, minor surgery, childhood and adult immunisations, healthy heart, asthma, diabetes, osteoporosis and menopause.
Professor Ahmet Fuat
Dr Anna Mullenheim
Dr Mellissa Randall
Dr Hasnain Raza
Dr Gemma Geddes
Dr Anna Johnson (previously Dr Inkster)
Monday - Friday 8.00am - 6.00pm
The surgery offers extended hours for patients who require them due to work commitments etc. Please ask for further details at reception.
The surgery is closed on Tuesday lunchtimes from 12.30 - 1.30pm, for staff training. In case of an emergency please ring 111.
Please allow 2 working days
URGENT PRESCRIPTIONS - these will not be ready until 5:00PM
For out of hours care please contact 111.
From the 1st September 2019 your pharmacy will not be able to order your repeat prescription, but you can still collect it from your chosen pharmacy.
You will have 4 options of ordering your repeat prescription:
- In person
- Send request via post
- Email - email@example.com
SystmOne is the clinical system that we use at the surgery which enables you to order prescriptions in a much easier way. Each patient will be given a username and password to access this system. Please contact the Surgery for more information.
Before you can use this service you will need to contact reception for log in details
Please use the following link to get to the login page:
Notes for SystmOnline Users
Type your username and password exactly as detailed on the printed page given to you by the surgery. If you need to get your password reset contact the surgery, allow at least an hour for it to take effect.
Remember to change your password as soon as you log into the system, as the original one will expire two weeks after the date of issue.
If you are unable to order your prescription, it may be that your medication needs to be reviewed by your doctor. Please contact the surgery if this happens.
Online Access to your Medical Records
From the 1st April 2015 you will be able to access and print summary information from your medical record. This is currently limited to medications, allergies and adverse reactions.
If you would like this access you need to complete the registration form (SystmOnline Registration Form), and take this to the surgery along with your ID. Once checked by a member of staff the registration form will be scanned onto your records and access will be given.
Once a child reaches the age of 13, any parental access will automatically be stopped. | <urn:uuid:a66d9633-9079-4f92-b644-246d6bd97617> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://carmelmedicalcentre.co.uk/pages/Average-GP-Earnings-2018-19 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.935759 | 2,324 | 1.632813 | 2 |
You can bet that whenever our little societal fiefdoms are flipped over like so many unlucky turtles, bellies baking in the apocalyptic sun, the horror genre will be there to trumpet the tragedy, the irony, the desperation of the moment in mostly monstrous terms. To think: there exists international discourse, where—willfully or not, for clout or not—voices refute the presence of socio-political undercurrents in horror, a mystifying misdiagnosis that amounts to a withered ignorance of the genre’s history and very foundations.
Neither does that word “elevated” do justice to what’s happening in horror cinema today, not from a thematic, nor aesthetic standpoint; “expansive” is more like it. From the familial violence and trauma of Ari Aster’s Hereditary and Nia DaCosta’s new Candyman to the body horror of Jordan Peele’s acerbic Get Out and James Wan’s nutso Malignant, to the festering faith of Rose Glass’ Saint Maud and Ben Wheatley’s In the Earth, it’s the modern psyche-in-disrepair that underpins it all. Horror has always allowed for absurd expressiveness and sowed fertile grounds for a transgression that reflect how we’re living, feeling, and attempting to survive right now: on the edge of a razor, doused in uncomfortable truth, consequence, and a lot of bone-crunching.
Much of what audiences unconsciously attach to current horror cinema, though, can be directly traced back to the genre’s genesis in the emergent, terror-based films of both western Europe and America’s 1920s pre-sound era, the elements of which had an inarguable influence on the films of the next decade. And the socio-emotional-political climates of some of these films’ native countries in the years following World War I provided the psychological backdrop and drive for expression, interconnected ecosystems that birthed thrilling onscreen manifestations of anger, anxiety, and oppressive fear—not to mention a new visual language—in the form of imagined or real ghosts, monsters, and demons.
The penetrating arrival of Robert Wiene’s The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari in 1919—ushering in the influence of German Expressionistic design, a foreboding stylistic intersection of diabolical sets and suffocating shadows—signaled a shift in how film could convey various states of the fragile human mind in decay or sliding toward madness. So it was, then, that Paul Wegener and Carl Boese’s The Golem (1920) premiered at a time in German cinema’s adolescence when many of the form’s fundamental techniques had been established—parallel and continuity editing, multiple exposing of film, detailed set, and costume design chiefly among them.
The Golem signals the evolution of the use of light as a narrative and psychological tool: Rabbi Löw (Albert Steinrück), lit against the inky blackness of the night sky, sits atop his observatory, looking to the stars for a vision that will ultimately signal doom for the Jews of medieval Prague. It comes instead in the form of a declaration from the Emperor that the Jews evacuate their ghetto; this, in turn, will incite Löw to revive the clay Golem statue, the Jews’ ancient protector. Villagers take to the streets during overnight vigils, demonstrations of faith in the hope they might be saved. Their illuminated torches dance through the twisty, cobblestoned roads, acting as custodians of their collective anxiety and communion with the heavens (later, these buoyant fireballs are present at the “birth” of the Golem). The Rabbi leads his congregation in prayer encircled by candlelight, too, a visual reminder that light is healing, is life-giving, cathartic in this world.
Chapter two of the film begins with an image of the beaming celestial stars again, this time dissolving into a shot of a resplendent Star of David, which gives way to another dissolve, a close-up of the inanimate Golem. Wegener’s visual language represents a vital order to the Jews: the stars are the Jewish people; the religious symbol, their light and faith; and the Golem, their sentinel. In one scene, a freshly mobile Golem (Paul Wegener, carrying out acting and co-directorial duties here) returns home to Rabbi Löw’s observatory, entering through the heavy oak door on a swath of sunlight. He lumbers over to the furnace and stokes the fire, unaware or uncaring of its increasing intensity, a parallel to the creature’s developing sentience. He is also ignorant of the blaze because this is home, and, after all, he was born into turmoil and fire.
Let’s examine the Golem’s birth sequence: Rabbi Löw, accompanied by Rabbi Famulus (Ernst Deutsch), draws a psychic circle around them and it seethes to life, smoke, and fire leaping from the floor. It’s Löw who pulls the strings of this strange magic, establishing the character as a kind of filmmaker surrogate. Noah Isenberg, in his book Weimar Cinema: An Essential Guide to Classic Films of the Era, asserts that “Wegener characterizes [Löw] as master of the power over the spectacle—over the aesthetic medium…” Löw is a father to his clay creation (as Wegener is to the film) and, later, its principal persecutor, filled with regret over his inability to govern it. The Rabbi is both Dr. Frankenstein and Van Helsing, to invoke two stalwarts of the genre. The appearance of the spirit Astaroth during this ceremonial jumpstart is a truly frightening moment and an effective optical double exposure: a smoke-spewing demon head, in shadowy nothingness, hovers about the two men. It breathes the sacred, secret word (Aemaet, which is an approximation of the Hebrew word for “truth”) that will be placed on the Golem’s chest plate…and vanishes. The ensuing maelstrom of lightning and wind streaking through the frame affirms the embattled environment into which Golem will enter, the secret word’s meaning an ironic counterpoint to the surreal proceedings and the creature’s doomed existence.
Trailblazing production design and optical effects are loaded with meaning in Victor Sjöström’s 1921 Swedish entry, The Phantom Carriage. Susan Hayward, in her film theory bible Cinema Studies: The Key Concepts, noted that horror films “lead its audience into the unconscious and through the implications of evil and of dream”; indeed, when David Holm (played by director Sjöström) dies at midnight on New Year’s Eve and is cosmically fated to take over the reins of the eponymous carriage to the netherworld, his former pal and outgoing coachman, Georges, brings to light the real evil inherent in the film’s psychology and physicality—the abuse and degradation of loved ones at the hands of David himself. Paradoxically, in a film suffused with supernatural imagery, Carriage’s shadowy realism is grimy and tactile, presented as a kind of moldy sickness analogous to the alcoholism and mental decline that envelopes David. This outward realism explores inner spiritual mechanisms further appropriated in the film’s sets.
One example is the film’s early introduction of the one-room hovel at the top of a dilapidated, cast-off alley tower that shelters Holm’s wife and two children, on the run from the cruel treatment afforded them by a perpetually mercurial husband/father. The apartment is stark and ravaged by time and neglect, a psychic battlefield symbolic of David’s corporeal abuse. When Sister Maria (Lisa Lundholm) calls on Mrs. Holm to inquire about David’s whereabouts, the emotionally battered wife becomes progressively visible in the frame, first gazing vacantly into the dark corners of the room before emerging from its oppressive recesses. The stark vacuousness of the set points to decay and damage whose origins the audience isn’t privy to yet; the film hasn’t introduced David at this juncture in the film. The Holm homestead’s design is in geometric contrast to the home of another Sister, the dying Edit—her cluttered, but cozy room brims with familial warmth, a cocoon of soft illumination reflective of Edit’s inner goodness and her allyship with Mrs. Holm.
The vehicle of the title arrives in an eerie evocation of a ghost world previously unseen in quite such a form onscreen. It carries David (with Georges in tow as a kind of spiritual mountain guide) in search of an esoteric redemption, using the events of his sordid life as a kind of road map, a documentary of self-actualization. The carriage makes its appearance—the film’s first optical effect—at the moment of David’s reciting of the fate of Georges from last New Year’s Eve. Georges, conversely, relates the enduring legend of the phantom carriage: the story-within-the-story-within-the-story analogy here parallels the double, triple, sometimes quadruple exposed film utilized to create the spectral coachmen, their vaporous transport, and the backdrops through which they traverse. The phantoms are powerful devices in the narrative—they go everywhere, no one remains out of their reach, the film’s multiple exposures hinting at the multiple planes of existence in play.
Caligari’s director, Robert Wiene, noted that expressionism was a suitable style by which to depict haunted settings, specifically when the locale took the form of a fairy tale forest, magic castle. In the case of director Paul Leni’s American contribution, The Cat and the Canary (1927), it’s a Gothic mansion, but Wiene could have just as easily been describing the cursed industrial ship Nostromo in Ridley Scott’s Alien, or even the incomprehensible Zone in Andrei Tarkovsky’s Stalker. Even if we doubt the house in The Cat and the Canary is really haunted or simply a ruse perpetrated by a nefarious interloper (which is mostly parsed out in the finale), the film’s technical elements hint at unsettling, unbalanced psychological states.
So what of the prime psychic real estate provided by…well, the real estate? In the first act, Leni’s camera dollies through the vast, desolate hallways of the mansion from a high enough angle to instill in the audience a sense of floating, that the viewers themselves may be paranormally complicit. As the film barrels through the exposition and character introductions, we’ll see evidence that the mansion’s cavernous interiors hold secrets and defy logic, too: the sinister caretaker Mammy Pleasant (Martha Mattox, decidedly unpleasant) opens a safe that has been sealed for twenty years, only to have a live moth flutter out; while Annabelle West (Laura La Plante) sleeps, a monstrous hand emerges from a sliding panel above her bed and snatches her necklace; and the salty Guard (George Siegmann) improbably materializes within the frame of a vaunted window during the film’s climax, vomited forth from the moat of nothingness that surrounds the house. The film bounces along in a gauzy dream state, but it’s consistently a quandary as to whose state it actually is.
Leni employs an array of optical effects, too, to incite terror. Two prime examples reveal themselves: first, as the nervous Paul Jones (Creighton Hale) questions the night’s proceedings after learning of the “sign of death,” a chattering, ghostly skull hovers over him, appearing and disappearing in anxiety-inducing synapse bursts. Even if the projection of the skull can be interpreted as simply a part of Paul’s psyche, unseen by the rest of the guests—which, again, the film is wont to disprove—the monstrous presence at the heart of the haunting leaves us with collateral dissonance. We all saw that, right? It’s a precursor to madness.
Like The Phantom Carriage, Canary’s use of multiple exposures conveys levels of psychological fracturing. Patriarch Cyrus West’s inheritance and the reading of his will have brought the evening’s disparate guests together at the mansion before the story reveals what’s led to this moment. In a slyly efficient flashback, West’s developing insanity and depression have him slumped in a chair, a second shot of empty medicine bottles laid transparently over him coming into hazy focus; the disparity in size and perspective of the two shots frames West to appear he’s actually inside one of the bottles. Then a third exposure on top of these—ghostly images of super-sized black cats who tower over West, swatting at him as if he were one of the doomed birds of the title. It’s a thrilling, consequential image.
For some filmmakers of the silent era—and certainly, within the films explored here—the approach to interpretation and innovation in an industry still in its initial throes of relevancy was a journey turned inward, toward the mind and soul and across the emotional minefield stretching between, symbolized by spiritual, sometimes ominous forces. These pre-sound artists couldn’t have known they were conjuring the tenets of a new type of nightmare—molding and alchemizing their own Golem—but their deeply individual, innately cultural expressions of onscreen horror would leave the 1930s and beyond with the means to visually navigate all manner of cinematic and psychic terrain. | <urn:uuid:5064d2f1-d296-4139-bb74-95518fc65d63> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://artseditor.com/site/legacy-of-horror/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.92138 | 2,907 | 1.679688 | 2 |
Introduction: How to Create an Assembly in Inventor
Stuck in Inventor? Don't know how to make an assembly? This should help! This assembly was created using Autodesk Inventor 2019.
Step 1: Open Inventor
Open Inventor and select "File" "New" in the top left corner. On the page that pops up (shown in the picture above) select "English" or "Metric" depending on what measurements you used. I used mm to model my parts so, I chose metric. Under assembly select "Standard (mm).iam" if you used the metric system or "Standard (in).iam" if you used the English system.
Step 2: Select Place
Select "Place" in the top left corner, under the annotate tab. Be careful not hit the arrow right below it that opens up more place options, that is not necessary.
Step 3: Open File
Open the file you would like to be the first part or the base of your assembly.
Step 4: Rotate Part
Before clicking on anything, right click and use the rotate buttons to orient the part correctly.
Step 5: Place at Origin
After you have rotated the part to your liking, right click and select "Place Grounded at Origin" as highlighted in the picture above. You will only have to do this step for the base of your assembly.
Step 6: "OK"
Right click and hit "OK" to finish working with this part.
Step 7: Add New Parts
Select the place button again and bring in a new part. Rotate the new part to orient it to the base. Left click to place a copy of the part down, if you want more than one, left click until you have as many as you need. Once you have as many as you need, right click and select "OK" to continue working with the part.
Step 8: Select Constrain
Select the "Constrain" button under the annotate tab. The constrain command allows for boundaries to be added to a part's movements.
Step 9: Mate Constraint
Select the "Mate" button, this causes the faces you select to to face each other on the same axis.
Step 10: Select the First Face
Select one of the two faces you want to face each other.
Step 11: Select the Second Face
Select the second face you want, you might have to use the cube in the top right corner to rotate the assembly (as shown above) and find the face.
Step 12: Select Apply
Select "Apply" to complete the mate constrain. It is highlighted blue in the constrain box, in the example above.
Step 13: Flush Constraint
After apply has been hit for the mate constrain, select the "Flush" constrain that is to the right of the mate constrain, highlighted in blue above. The flush constrain places faces side by side, facing the same direction on an axis.
Step 14: Select Faces
The flush constrain works the same was as the mate, just select the two faces you want to constrain. In the example above two faces are selected.
Step 15: Fully Constrained
Continue using the flush and mate constrain until the part can no longer move. A part will turn blue when it is selected, select a part then left click on it to try to drag it. If it does not move, continue to the next steps. If it does move, try adding more constraints.
Step 16: Constraints With Cylinders
If a part is a cylinder or has a hole in it, select the mate constrain then find the axis that is most appropriate for the constraint. The axes I chose are highlighted above.
Step 17: Select Apply
Don't worry about the buttons that replaced the mate and flush, play around with them if you want. Select "Apply" and they will return to normal.
Step 18: Continue Adding Parts
Continue adding parts and constraining them until you complete the assembly. Check and make sure no parts can be removed from the assembly. Do this by left clicking on a part and dragging it, the part should not move.
Step 19: Save As
The hard part is over, the assembly has been made and you've just added a new skill to your tool belt! Now all that is left to do is save it, which you already know how to do but just in case. Select or hover over "File" then select "Save As."
Step 20: Save Assembly
Save the assembly as a new .iam file. This can be done at the beginning of the assembly so you don't loose any work.
All done, thanks for reading!
Participated in the
First Time Author Contest | <urn:uuid:4d0ec3d6-7348-4be4-af1c-371a4829dbfb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.instructables.com/How-to-Create-an-Assembly-in-Inventor/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.906181 | 1,000 | 3.125 | 3 |
Uganda won two gold medals at the recent Commonwealth Games in India, and both came from the fleet feet of Moses Kipsiro, who was crowned champion in both the 5,000 meters and 10,000 meters races. In both events, Kipsiro sprinted ahead of Kenyan rivals who had to settle for the silver and bronze medals.
John Birech, the Kenyan who won bronze in the 10,000, said he and his teammates “tried to break Kipsiro down, but he kept on and on.” Birech added, “Credit to him, he is a strong runner.”
Strong indeed. The 24-year-old Kipsiro is the first athlete to win Commonwealth gold at both track distances in more than 70 years. Jubilant Ugandans responded to his achievement by lifting the red-shirted Kipsiro onto their shoulders when he arrived home to a hero’s welcome at Entebbe International Airport. Kipsiro was wearing both of his gold medals around his neck.
He says he’s now looking ahead to the 2012 Olympics in London, where he’ll be Uganda’s main medal hope. “I definitely need an Olympic medal,” says Kipsiro. “I will continue working hard until 2012.” | <urn:uuid:4bbec0f5-5dd4-4cc9-a351-95cb0121356c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://blogs.voanews.com/sonny/2010/10/17/moses-kipsiro-golden-in-india/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00096-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.981262 | 275 | 1.515625 | 2 |
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Get ideas from this essay and see how your work stacks up
Word Count: 769
Throughout the history of mankind the term good health has carried a different meaning depending on the time and culture that one is studying For example because of the advances in medicine and technology the life span of an individual has almost doubled since the days of the dark ages But even in todays society the term good health does not carry a blanket definition for all in th is day and age One nations healthcare system may be a major priority while anothers may be given less concern I believe that in our own country good health has been warped and distorted in its meaning As a person sits and relaxes in front of the television a bombardment of commercial and info-mercials attack the viewer telling him that the present state of his body weight is unacceptable Images of hard bodied men and women flash on the screen every few second in an attempt to coax the viewer into purchasing a diet plan or exercise regime in order to achieve the perfect body The idea that peace joy and well-being come from outside ourselves is reinforced in so many different ways in our culture Ornish 144 But can a good healthier body be attained from a wonder drug being hawked at two in the morning I believe not Good health begins in the mind Once a person can look at his body with a complacent mind then he can analyze which direction to take to improve his health that is if improvement is really necessary Only after one finds peace with the decision made can that person begin the journey to better physical health And more likely than not a change in lifestyle will have more effect than any pill or weight set Another way this nation has been seduced into a warped view of good health would be the paper thin super models that pop out in almost every magazine or
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- Jen Soust, alumni @ UCLA | <urn:uuid:c929db6a-10f4-468e-b34b-32b2c08975f9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.kibin.com/essay-examples/the-meaning-of-good-health-in-every-culture-4tR01iRi | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00365-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968137 | 447 | 2.4375 | 2 |
The Green Finance Podcast Ep. 4: How banks can leverage carbon data to enable a net zero future with Doconomy CEO Mathias Wikström
- In order to reach net zero targets, we need to be able to quantify the emissions of our everyday activities - and that includes financial actions, as a consumer and enterprise level.
- In this latest episode, I chat with Mathias Wikstrom, CEO of Doconomy, which provides data services that help businesses monitor and assess their environmental footprint based on transactional and financial data.
I’m super excited to announce our upcoming Banking on the Planet Conference, where we’ll be talking everything green finance – the intersection of climate risks, sustainability, ESG investments, bringing together leaders from the banks set out to make a difference and the fintechs and technology providers bringing us closer to a net zero future.
Join us for free virtually at Banking on the Planet Conference 2022 on July 26th for a day of critical dialogue on the responsibility bestowed upon the financial industry, and the players rising to the challenge.
One of the speakers that will join us at the conference is Mathias Wikström, the CEO of Doconomy, who is also my guest today on this podcast episode.
Doconomy provides data services that help businesses monitor and assess their environmental footprint based on transactional and financial data. Consumers can find out the footprint of their lifestyle choices, brands can calculate their product’s footprint.
The following excerpts were edited for clarity.
Tell us about Doconomy’s journey to what it is today.
Mathias Wikstrom: It’s a very interesting part of the market and we see this evolving quite rapidly. The Doconomy backstory is that in 2016 we developed the world’s first methodology to put the carbon intensity to each and every transaction made using your payment card or credit card. And since then that has developed into a diverse set of tools and impact methodologies, aiming to engage users in everyday climate action, but also to make use of the efficiencies within the financial services system, making the banks the hub for actionable insights with regards to climate impact for every user.
How can we leverage some of the technologies in the banking and finance sector to provide such carbon-related insights?
Mathias Wikstrom: I think that the financial services platforms today have really shaped an opportunity for a safe and secure environment, quite heavily regulatory driven, of course, on which you can have conversations around any kind of financial impact. Replicating that carrying information around climate impact, I think we can make use of the same efficiencies, instead of reinventing the wheel, to fast track the trajectory to a netzero lifestyle. If we’re aiming to hit the 2030 and the 2050 reduction targets, the financial services industry and banking is to me the best suited in doing so. Because if we can take the efficiencies in the financial system, creating wealth over a long time, and have that catering to the fragilities of the ecosystem, I think we will be in a good place sooner rather than later.
You’re developing products at a consumer level, enterprise level, and you’re also developing an impact dashboard, which is a management reporting tool for the consumer credit portfolio that enables banks to aggregate the information provided to their consumers. Can you tell us more about that?
Mathias Wikstrom: It’s the other side of the coin. The one side of the coin is the benefits for the user of understanding the impact, measuring it, enabling reduction of this impact, as well as directing your funds, your investments, your savings into sustainable efforts. This uses traditional financial instruments that banks provide, but potentially also additional new financial instruments driven by the transparency opportunities that comes with the new technology that exists today, disrupting the financial services industry.
Another side of the coin is the upside for the banks that is also heavily regulatory driven, or in the making, that will ask for the banks to better understand what is it that our money is enabling really? This means looking at impact dashboards around their consumer credit portfolios, looking at what kind of consumption that their credits enable and the footprint of that consumption, making that language consistent and comparable so that it’s not just an opinion by someone somewhere. But this is a language and an infrastructure that becomes actionable also for the bank side in adhering to regulatory efforts, but also to drive innovation in ESG.
Considering you’re speaking to a lot of banks and collaborating with them, what’s the demand you’re seeing for a product like yours? And what are some of the biggest challenges in implementing that?
Mathias Wikstrom: I think the challenges won’t surprise anyone – it’s always balancing the resources and trying to fit in within the tech backlog that is probably already existing. In order to facilitate the implementation side of things, we developed a portfolio and have SDKs in order for banks to go to market fast and to enable them to integrate within their own applications, so that the tech burden is not so heavy.
The other side is that we see a tremendous uptick in interest, we see an uptick in the number of RFPs and RFIs. Going out on a global level, we see geographies that have been lagging to some extent, waking up, coming to terms with the fact that this is going to be the new normal, every transaction will carry information that is not only monetary, but also planetary. And those that understand this are the ones that aim to be the change makers rather than the change takers.
You’re working with companies across multiple industries and geographies. Given that climate data is still quite fragmented, what are the challenges aggregating all that data and trying to put it together in a cohesive way?
Mathias Wikstrom: That’s one of the most important cornerstones of this, because to me, it boils down to trust. So the data needs to be treated with great integrity, both out of a precision perspective, as well as a privacy perspective. So that’s one thing. But we got to start somewhere, right. And starting with those considerations, I think it is the most important one. Once you have that ambition, you can start communicating around what is possible today, and what is possible tomorrow.
Looking at what’s possible today, so say on financial transaction level calculations. For example, as an economy, we calculate both transactions or spend based impact as well as the product carbon footprints to the 2030 calculator, their lifestyle, carbon footprint through a collaboration with the UN and our corporate calculation offering. But looking at the transaction side, what we do is we look at this from an evolutionary perspective. So number one, calculate the carbon intensity per category, and the categories become more and more granular, as more and more data becomes readily available. We calculate the impact of every transaction, not only card transactions, then you can see connecting it to our API asking the question, this band in this category represents what CO2 footprint.
What about banks’ scope three emissions? What are the latest developments there?
Mathias Wikstrom: To some extent, it comes down to what it is that the banks enable out of a scope three perspective. Looking at what you see in your reporting, you’re going to be able to understand your spend based on carbon screening of sorts. But if we go to the greenhouse gas protocol, the vast majority of those categories are activity based. So in order for us to make use of a more precise carbon score per company so that we can make relevant and better informed purchasing decisions when choosing between different providers, we need to do this in three steps.
The first step is to calculate all of the transactions or accounts payable on the books of the company to provide a heat map on the carbon screening side, and that gives both the vendor as well as the buyer an idea of the impact of this company’s operations. Next step is to export the spend base and relevant categories into a reporting tool that we’re setting up together with leading banks around the world, in regard to adding your activity based impact factors. That can be done with precision through your auditors, or it can be done as a self assessment tool. And then of course, we make use of the understanding of your footprint in regard to the industry or in the energy mix in the area, what area you’re working in, the size of your company, and so forth. And that is something that we are looking to disclose a lot in alignment with COP 2022, in Sharm el Sheikh and reporting back on this project that I find extremely interesting.
The third component is adding additional sustainability criteria, such as the science based targets initiative. What is this company doing outside of the actual calculable data? What are the missions here? Because what we see more and more is not only the data becoming more precise, but also the language around these claims. So looking at carbon offsetting, for example, being replaced by contributing beyond not only looking at what is the theoretical Net Zero component, if you’re only paying for carbon offsetting, is that really an honest and sincere attempt? Or should we really be looking at the sustainability strategies of operations of the companies looking how they can reduce impact and then potentially at the end of the day, offset for what they are not able to avoid? So both from a data perspective and a language perspective, we’re seeing higher levels of precision that can help our understanding of the scope three emissions.
Is the responsibility we place on the consumer proportional to the actual impact and effect that the consumer can have versus a bank? How can we make sure that we’re putting that data in the right context, to understand how it impacts the world and what actions we need to take as a result of that analysis?
Mathias Wikstrom: I completely agree with you that the disproportional weight on the individual consumer is something that we need to avoid. But we’re people, we’re not consumers — we’re more than just what we buy. And in those roles, we need to step up to this challenge. And there, I think that it can never be disproportionate, we need an all hands on deck to do exactly what we can and to direct our abilities into reducing impact.
But to your question, what can we expect from institutions, financial institutions? I think the short answer is quite a lot. And the institutions that don’t get this will be replaced by institutions that do. Institutions that understand that they need to not only review their own operations, the way they do things, but also the way they handle credit and what they provide credit to because they are the greatest enablers of development in the world leading up to where we are today. So we need the experts, and we need the power of the financial institutions to enable this transition as well. They have the language, they have the funds, they have the network, they have the tech. But more importantly than that, I believe that they also have a fundamental trust from each and every one. If you put your money into a bank account, you’re pretty sure that that money will still be there today, and not many institutions have the same trust and trust is what is needed in order to engage everyone to participate in contributing to the journey to a netzero economy.
Considering all the resources that you’ve mentioned that the sector has, and then you pair those with the booming climate tech startup sector, there’s so many startups entering the market to create new ways for businesses of all sizes, and in all industries to manage carbon emissions monitoring, reporting, and ultimately drive emissions down. So what’s the potential that we could unlock? How do you think having access to more carbon related data and all these insights will change the finance sector going forward?
Mathias Wikstrom: I think the accessibility to comparable data is going to increase the courage in the financial sector, because it’s risk averse to begin with. And that’s something we pay for them to be. So we shouldn’t expect anything less. At Doconomy, we’re not so interested in doing what’s easy – doing what’s easy, it’s never hard, but doing the hard things is what’s required. And that’s where we want to be. That’s why we started working with MasterCard, as one of our partners implementing our methodology in their global transaction platform, adding carbon as a component to every transaction. If someone had told me that five years ago, I would be like nah, I mean, who would who would do such a thing? Now, a few years later, that’s the natural state of things.
The better the data gets, the more granular data gets, the more democratized the data gets, the more forceful the reduction will be able to be, and the more precise individual as well as institutional activities will be able to be. And I think this is all about shaping a new relationship between the clients and the financial institutions that are data based and insight driven, substantiated by data. | <urn:uuid:d5589df2-8cc8-4e0f-961e-ccb3586e5fea> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tearsheet.co/the-green-finance-podcast/the-green-finance-podcast-ep-4-how-banks-can-leverage-carbon-data-to-enable-a-net-zero-future-with-doconomy-ceo-mathias-wikstrom/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.95096 | 2,730 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Idea for Assignment
In this blog post I am going to declare my potential idea for the assignment.
As a base idea, I am intrigued in creating a giant keyboard, a bit like the ones that are in large toy shops in America.
The idea is that Avatars will step on the keyboard note, and a sound or at least a written note will show. The extra item would be to create a switch where a pre determined tune will play out in the message box.
My next idea is to have a self replicating staircase, where the Avatar steps on the spawn staircase, and a step is created. Subsequent clicks will create more steps until you have a step, and once the Avatar is out of range of earlier steps, they will disappear.
As a finalised idea, I would like to do the stairwell, where stepping on every 5 steps or so plays a note, creating a tune for going up as well as down.
To do this, I believe I will need to implement;
– A Rezzing Stair
– A Sensor on each step to detect a specific Avatar
– A death sequence for the step
– A counter for the note tune
– A Note for instructions
– A Script to play the note
There are several ways around these specifications, but I believe that the overall proposal is sufficient and complex enough to warrant an assignment project. | <urn:uuid:6c8fce71-daa2-4009-857e-0e16ed2b806e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://tqvwea.wordpress.com/2010/10/20/idea-for-assignment/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279933.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00122-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945237 | 284 | 1.695313 | 2 |
- 1x (Normal)
Welcome, let's figure this out!4:01
Can I bum a stroke?8:08
You're soooo in shape!6:34
Lockin and poppin9:18
People, places, and pencils?6:56
This is the end...7:13
About This Class
This class is for the Adobe Illustrator amateur interested in fashion sketching. Fashion drawing can be done both by hand, which can be tedious, and by using Illustrator. Fashion flat sketching is used in the industry as adornment, to convey a clear design message, and as a template for factories to follow when creating a garment.
This course will teach you how to use Illustrator as well as teach some trade secrets that will make the process of drawing in this medium more efficient. You will learn how to make articulated flats, usually used for adornment and to convey ideas, and technical flats, used by factories as a blueprint to follow when construction on a garment has begun.
The skills gained from this course will also assist the student in understanding the basics of what Illustrator is capable of and hopefully encourage creativity and exploration of the programs other uses.
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24 of 25 students recommendSee All
Very beneficial class, excellent instruction from Ira Rollins. I hope he has more classes! Having never done flat pattern in photoshop before (or anything much in photoshop really), this was a great introduction and I actually learned how to get started with this after this class.
I graduated from the Fashion Institute of Technology, F.I.T, with a Menswear design degree and have been working in the fashion industry for 10+ years. I've exceled predominately in design and production which includes flat sketching, tech pack preparation, and BOM (Bill of Material) processing at such companies as Converse, Ralph Lauren, Calvin Klein, and Victoria's Secret. | <urn:uuid:291262c7-9890-40a9-a4ec-e09d3303fde2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.skillshare.com/classes/fashion/Flat-Chance-Drawing-Adobe-Illustrator-Fashion-Flats-%28Beginner%29/814000537 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280899.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00575-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.937398 | 402 | 2.09375 | 2 |
A quarter of people living in West Midlands admit they whip up a dish in the kitchen – just so they can show it off on social media, a study has found.
Rather than cooking for the enjoyment of it, 25% of adults admit to regularly making a nice looking meal with the sole purpose of posting about it on sites such as Instagram, Facebook or Pinterest.
The average adult will share at least one picture of food every week on social media, and ‘like’ or comment on another two.
More than one in twenty even admit to posting more than six food pictures each week – a total of 312 a year.
The study, by Lurpak as part of its movement to get people to turn their screens off and their ovens on, also found Brits spend longer looking at food on social media than actually cooking it.
More than five hours a week is spent watching cookery programmes, browsing posts and videos on social media and tweeting about food, but just four hours making any meals.
Media psychologist, Emma Kenny, also analysed over 400 hours of food culture spanning TV, radio, internet and social media conversations as part of the Lurpak study.
She said: “With so much delicious food content online, there’s pressure to compete on social media channels. Research by Lurpak shows however that less of us are actually cooking. We’re faking it - taking pictures of food prepared by other people and missing out on the thrill and creativity of cooking!
“We need to reassess our relationship with food. Cooking is honest and real and authenticity is good for the soul. Masterpieces can be messy just as much as picture perfect - so let’s take the pressure off and put the enjoyment back in. See how your life improves.
“That’s what Lurpak’s ‘Game On, Cooks” initiative is all about - encouragingpeople off the sofa and into the kitchen. Stop scrolling and hash-tagging and start cooking because you’re not a cook until you cook.
Watch: Nadiya Hussain opens up about horrific racist bullying that gave her anxiety disorder
The study of 2,000 adults found the average Brit spends one hour and 37 minutes a week watching cooking and food-related TV shows, with The Great British Bake Off, Masterchef and Come Dine with Me the most popular.
Another 44 minutes a week is spent engaging with food via Facebook, and another 20 minutes tweeting about it.
Foodies also browse Instagram and Pinterest for 19 minutes a week, watch cooking videos on YouTube for 34 minutes a week and spend 58 minutes reading articles on food websites and blogs.
Finally, 15 minutes is spent snapchatting about food and nine minutes scouring recipe books each week.
In comparison, the average adult in West Midlands will spend just 37 minutes a day preparing and cooking food.
And while seven in ten enjoy watching TV cooking shows, only half have been inspired enough to try making something they have seen on screen.
Another one in ten say it has been at least a year since they had a go at making a dish they spotted online or on TV.
More than half admit they would much rather watch a dish being cooked on TV, or spend time looking at photos online, because they are too busy or think it’s too complicated to try their hand at making something themselves.
Others say it’s too expensive or that they just like looking at the food.
But 56 per cent admit they wished they cooked the recipes they saw online more often.
Louise Goodyear, Senior Brand Manager at Lurpak, comments: “Consuming food culture is a poor substitute for the visceral experience of cooking. It seems that while the nation loves to watch, read, browse and tag food every week, few are likely to actually have a go themselves.
“Consuming all this food on screen doesn’t compare to the sights, sounds and tastes of a real kitchen – we’re becoming a nation of sofa chefs! That’s why we are calling on Britain to stop spectating and start cooking because you’re not a cook until you cook. Game On, Cooks.” | <urn:uuid:04d6c2d8-85ae-403d-b9a3-c7d28ad6eda2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.coventrytelegraph.net/whats-on/food-drink-news/revealed-quarter-people-west-midlands-11948797 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00674.warc.gz | en | 0.956226 | 871 | 2.203125 | 2 |
Have you ever heard someone talk about how they use their credit card and just had to shake your head? Though the Internet is filled with good advice on how to use credit cards and rewards wisely, some people are just not getting the message.
Of course, what’s really going on is they’re getting a different message; they’re listening to what credit card companies want them to do. And because credit card companies are out to make a profit – a profit off your hard-earned money – that is generally a very bad idea.
If you want to make your credit card company happy, follow the steps below. It’s a sure way to detonate your credit score and bury yourself in debt.
How NOT to Use Credit Cards
1. Sign Up for Every Credit Card You See
Why bother to shop for the best rewards or the lowest interest rates when you can save 10% today on your purchase of socks? And why would you want a sign up bonus to travel the world for free when you can get a cheap t-shirt instead? Don’t worry about how all these credit card applications will affect your credit score either.
2. Never Pay Your Bills in Full
Figuring out how much your purchases will cost over time is very difficult and requires the use of a calculator. It is much easier not to think about complicated things like compounding interest and just make the minimum payment. Even if it means that latte will eventually cost you $50.
3. Don’t Make Your Payments on Time
Since you are not concerned with interest and what it will do to your balance, why bother with the due date? My sister missed her due date and her baby came out just fine. How bad could it be if you miss your credit card payment’s due date? They will just add some fees and raise your interest rate. Since nobody can figure out how credit card interest works anyway, why bother worrying about your APR? Who cares if your credit score suffers?
4. Always Pay Foreign Transaction Fees
Before leaving on your vacation to Mexico, don’t figure out if your credit card has a foreign transaction fee. The 3% fee you will likely be charged must certainly go to a good cause, like bank profits or something. If you happen to read about cards that don’t have this fee, like the Capital One Venture Rewards credit card, ignore it. As an extra bonus, you can make purchases from home that are processed outside the country. This allows you to pay this wonderful fee without the hassle of getting a passport and visiting a foreign land.
5. Use Your Credit Card to Withdraw Cash
Why use an ATM card when you have a credit card? With your ATM card, you can only take out as much cash as you have in your account. But with your credit card, you can withdraw against your line of credit, which is probably much more than what you have in your bank account. Definitely disregard the high cash advance APR and any fees.
6. Pay Your Tuition with Your Credit Card
Pulling out your plastic is much easier than filling out student loan forms. The job market will be so good by the time you graduate that you will have no problem paying off all your credit card debt. Don’t worry about the difference in the interest rates between credit card debt and subsidized student loans. And don’t think about how the interest on student loans would have been tax-deductible, unlike your credit card interest. Rest assured that, if you find yourself in the habit of incurring debt, lifelong addictions are easy to break.
7. Help Out Your Friends By Co-Signing on Their Accounts
If you have a good friend who needs help, co-sign their credit card application. By co-signing their application, you are doing your part to help them get credit, even though you will be equally responsible for any debt they incur. Since you’re sure they won’t default, you don’t have to worry about paying their debt for them or having your credit ruined.
8. Use those Checks that Your Credit Card Company Sends You
Occasionally, you might have a rent, mortgage, or other payment that you can’t pay with your credit card. That is why you’re sent those convenience checks. Don’t shred them. Use them to pay your bills. Don’t worry about withdrawal fees or confusing terms like “cash advance APR.”
9. Always Purchase the Optional Insurance When You Rent a Car
Everyone knows that credit cards come with rental car insurance, but there are limitations on your card’s insurance policy that are downright silly. Rather than learn more about your coverage, just pay another $20 or $30 a day for the optional insurance offered by the rental car company. The guy behind the counter recommends it and besides, what are the chances he’s biased and gets a commission?
10. Sign Up for Your Bank’s Payment Protection Plan
By paying a fee each month equal to a few percent of your balance, your bank will help you when you are in financial trouble. If you lose your job or are injured, they will graciously allow you to accrue compounding interest on your balance without having to make your minimum payment. That is really nice of them. They must be some kind of charity as I am sure there isn’t much profit in this kind of service. What’s a few percent each month anyway?
Follow these steps to ensure financial insolvency while helping your bank in these difficult times.
Seriously, it’s easy to be fooled by advertising schemes that want you to do exactly what’s outlined in the steps above. As with any financial decision, know what you’re doing, why you’re doing it, and if you have any alternatives. Now that you know what not to do, look at how to outsmart your credit card company, instead of the other way around.
Have you made any of the credit card mistakes listed above? | <urn:uuid:40202b15-203f-4666-a4b8-03fc52878ef8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.moneycrashers.com/how-not-to-use-a-credit-card-uses-avoid/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00280-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961427 | 1,261 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Mental health clinicians’ experiences of supporting people living with a mental illness to initiate and sustain recovery
Ashton Mutasa Social work student, Edith Cowan University, Perth WA, Australia
Aim Mental health services seek opportunities to sustain recovery outcomes beyond service involvement. This study aimed to examine social workers’ (also called mental health clinicians) attitudes towards, expectations of, assumptions about, and insights into, initiating and sustaining recovery.
Method Qualitative interviews and researcher reflections, within a grounded theory methodology, were used.
Findings Participants use interactional styles that nurture authentic relationships with people living with mental illness to support recovery. Their experience highlights the importance of strengths-based frameworks and collaboration for helping clients to develop their identity as a multi-layered self beyond living with a mental illness. Participants invest time and resources in understanding clients’ personal and interpersonal contexts to personalise recovery, and highlight authentic relating, and practitioners’ use of self, as important in supporting recovery processes.
Conclusion Findings suggest that recovery outcomes are sustainable beyond service involvement, when practitioners engage with people living with a mental illness in an evolving process of getting to know their solid and meaningful identity.
Mental Health Practice.
21, 3, 27-34.
This article has been subject to external double-blind peer review and checked for plagiarism using automated software
Conflict of interest
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Received: 11 October 2016
Accepted: 22 June 2017
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Alternatively, you can purchase access to this article for the next seven days. Buy now | <urn:uuid:ae1492b6-00be-431b-9e24-28dceab46f7f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://journals.rcni.com/mental-health-practice/mental-health-clinicians-experiences-of-supporting-people-living-with-a-mental-illness-to-initiate-and-sustain-recovery-mhp.2017.e1219 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571502.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811194507-20220811224507-00069.warc.gz | en | 0.885634 | 486 | 1.835938 | 2 |
The Executive Order Ensuring the Future Is Made in All of America by All of America’s Workers has been getting a lot of attention on line as a new effort to drive consumers to buy stuff Made In America. Our close reading of this order however, reveals it to apply only to federal government purchases. We appreciate this initiative, but are dismayed at how little folks seem to know about the various Buy America, Buy American, Made in America, Made in USA, phrases, their differences, and their applicability.
Made in America
President’s Biden January 25th Made in America Executive Order only applies to the roughly $600 billion in annual federal government procurement spending. It does not apply to commercial sales.
“Made in America Laws” means all statutes, regulations, rules, and Executive Orders relating to Federal financial assistance awards or Federal procurement, including those that refer to “Buy America” or “Buy American,” that require, or provide a preference for, the purchase or acquisition of goods, products, or materials produced in the United States, including iron, steel, and manufactured goods offered in the United States.
Is an existing Federal program that applies ONLY to Federal Transit Administration and Federal Highway Administration spending and programs. Include requirements for 100% U.S. content for iron/steel and manufactured products in transportation projects. Exceptions and waivers apply.
Buy American can apply to all federal government purchases (procurement) and governed by each individual agency with oversight from OMB and GAO. Creates a price preference that favors “domestic end products” from American firms on U.S. federal government contracts for manufactured products in which the cost of its U.S. components exceeds 50% of the cost of all components of the item and the product is manufactured in the United States.
Made in USA
Applicable to products regulated under the authority of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC). It is a consumer label claim governed by the Federal Trade Commission. “Made in USA” means that “all or virtually all” the product has been made in America. That is, all significant parts, processing and labor that go into the product must be of U.S. origin. Products that contain more than de minimis amounts of foreign content, including steel or aluminum cannot claim Made in USA on the packaging or marketing materials.
Don’t forget NAFTA /USMCA Country of Origin Labelling
Applicable to products imported into the United States governed by Tariff and duty rates enforced by U.S. Customs. Country of origin determination / Identification of the goods is important in determining if a product is eligible for preferential tariff rates, including free trade agreement rates. When a good does NOT come entirely from a single country, the internationally recognized legal principle of substantial transformation is used to determine the origin of the good.
Want to learn more?
Check out our podcast at : Made in America What’s the Difference Podcast
Download our Graphic as a pdf at : Downloadable Graphic
Our thanks to The Franklin Partnership for their assistance. | <urn:uuid:e1a6a27a-c8dc-4bc6-b638-78dc347fd7eb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pmpaspeakingofprecision.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.937271 | 640 | 2.46875 | 2 |
A man who's found several pieces believed to be from Malaysia Airlines flight MH370 now says he's found pieces with burn marks.
Debris hunter Blaine Gibson recently found five new pieces that allegedly belong to the plane, which mysteriously veered thousands of miles off course and crashed in the Indian Ocean in 2014. Two of those pieces show burn marks.
If they're confirmed to be part of MH370, it would be the first evidence of a fire having broken out.
But it may only add another mystery — Gibson noted it's unclear if the fire would have come before the crash or after.
Many of the pieces that have been found are small, which could mean the plane crashed hard, versus gliding down.
A BBC analyst says if a fire broke out before the crash, the theory that the pilot killed himself would be less likely.
Gibson is a lawyer from Seattle. He has spent more than a year jumping from island to island in the Indian Ocean in a self-funded search for wreckage.
In June, Gibson found 15 to 20 personal effects, such as a backpack and a computer case, from passengers on the flight.
The new pieces have reportedly been sent to the Australian Transport Safety Bureau, which has been the lead investigator of the crash.
The ATSB did not immediately comment on the possible evidence. Gibson's find may help convince Australia, China and Malaysia's governments not to suspend their search in December.
It's already cost the three governments almost $180 million. | <urn:uuid:203ed9c7-8970-4f37-97e5-6b4d9729b1f2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.newsy.com/videos/burned-debris-may-be-from-flight-mh370/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.972961 | 308 | 1.960938 | 2 |
CREATING A LEARNING ECONOMY Joseph E. Stiglitz January 2013 Three themes Successful and sustained growth requires creating a learning society. − Especially in the 21st century, as we move to a knowledge economy. An open, democratic society is more conducive to the creation of a learning society. Successful and sustained democratic growth must be inclusive. Creating a Learning Society The transformation to “learning societies” that occurred around 1800 for Western economies, and more recently for those in Asia, appears to have had a far, far greater impact on human well-being than improvements in allocative efficiency or resource accumulation. Markets, on their own, are not efficient in promoting innovation. The policies that promote a transformation to a learning society are markedly different than those advocated by the WC. Indeed, from the perspective of creating a learning society, those policies may be counterproductive. Policies aimed at improving allocative efficiency and increasing resources can have large effects on learning capacities. For instance, investments in human and physical capital embody this learning. Sources of increasing standards of living Since Solow, we have recognized that the most important determinant of growth is technological change − − − Recognized earlier by Schumpeter, but Solow gave us first quantification Our focus should be on the impact of policies on technological change, learning In case of developing countries, focus on diffusion of knowledge − − From developed to developing country What separates developing from developed countries is as much a gap in knowledge as a gap in resources Since Arrow, recognized that markets by themselves do not yield efficiency in the production and dissemination of knowledge − − − Knowledge as a public good Spillovers/externalities Other imperfections (capital markets, imperfect competition) inherently associated with innovation Implies that a central question of growth and development should be: What should governments do to promote growth through learning (technological progress)? − − Markedly different perspective than standard question, which focuses on static efficiency, moving countries to “frontier” or moving out frontier through the accumulation of more resources Question is especially salient because the two policies may be in conflict − Intellectual property restricts use of knowledge (a distortion—knowledge is a public good), and can even contribute to monopoly. Willing to accept because dynamic benefits outweigh static costs − − May be negative dynamic benefits (US) Important to have a “developmentally oriented” intellectual property regime − − − With poorly designed IP regime, dynamic benefits less than the costs TRIPS (regime of WTO) is NOT developmentally oriented But important for countries to make full use of latitude given by TRIPS References This part of the talk is based on joint work with Bruce Greenwald “Helping Infant Economies Grow,” American Economic Review: AEA Papers and Proceedings, Vol. 96, No. 2, May 2006, pp. 141-146. Forthcoming book from Columbia University Press, Creating a Learning Society: A New Paradigm for Development and Social Progress (An Essay in Honor of Kenneth Arrow) J. E. Stiglitz, “Learning, Growth, and Development: A Lecture in Honor of Sir Partha Dasgupta,” publication of the World Bank’s Annual Bank Conference on Development Economics 2010: Development Challenges in a Post-Crisis World, forthcoming. Published in French as “Apprentissage, croissance et développement: conférence en l’honneur de Sir Partha Dasgupta,” in Revue D’Économie du Développment, No. 4, December, 2011, pp.19-86. Key macroeconomic issue What determines growth? Relationship between growth and globalization Orthodoxy: − Alternative view: − − Trade, foreign investment drives growth Growth (productivity increases) drive trade, investment Two-way relationship—but it is even possible that effect of trade on growth is negative Answer has important policy implications Trade, investment opportunities are universal: so if they were driving force, then would expect to see similar patterns everywhere − But some open economies have grown more than others − Some economies that “managed” trade did better than some that were more open − Some regions of country grow better than others—facing same trade opportunities But growth differs markedly, suggesting it is particular forces that are driving growth − So long as governments didn’t foreclose opportunities of taking advantage of trade Must look into structure of economy and its policies Within all countries, there are large differences between average and best practices − Suggesting large scope for “learning” Contrasting perspectives Standard theories − − Focus on comparative advantage One time gain from liberalization, opening up markets Technology-based learning theories − − − Focus on diffusion of technology from developed to less developed countries And spillovers from one sector to other Dynamic comparative advantage—comparative advantage is endogenous Infant industry argument Infant industries—economies of scale − Losses during “learning phase” serve as entry barriers, putting developing countries at disadvantage − Critiques Government can’t pick winners − Infants never grow up − Better ways of providing assistance than protection—direct and transparent subsidies − Infant industry argument (cont) − Replies to critiques − Almost every successful country has had “industrial policies” − US from 19th century (telecommunications, agriculture) − − Today mostly through Defense Department Including internet and bio-tech − With private sector playing central role in bringing innovation to market − − Successful countries learned how to manage “political economy” problems Point of industrial policies is not to pick winners, but to identify externalities and other market failures − With imperfect capital markets, can’t borrow to finance initial losses − Imperfections of capital markets are endemic (asymmetries of information) − Especially in developing countries In fact, learning by doing itself provides little basis of industrial policy − Consider a two-country, two-product Ricardian world with Cobb-Douglas utility functions, with one product with learning and the other stagnant (learning internalized in country) − Consider equilibrium in which “developed” country specializes in dynamic sector − With competition, full benefits of learning are shared with developing country through price declines Central then is understanding the structure of learning within an economy—including across sectors − Many processes, practices, and institutions entail cross-sector learning/increases in productivity − Inventory control processes − Labor management processes − Computerization − Financial services Advantages of industrial sector Large—high returns to scale Long-lived—high returns from continuity (learning to learn) Stable—high returns from completion Concentrated—high rates of diffusion Strong industrial sector is basis for: More research– − − − − More resources and incentives for research and development More internalization Greater ability to support public research and development More human capital formation, including public support for human capital accumulation The development of a robust financial sector Learning to learn and cross-border knowledge flows Implication: Rate of productivity increase related to (relative) size of industrial sector. In Presence of Learning, Markets on their own are not efficient “Market failures” are pervasive When learning is external to the firm, markets fail to take account of externalites When learning limited to the firm, there is a natural monopoly − If there were no cross-sectoral or cross-firm spillovers, rational firm would take into account all learning benefits − But distortion from monopoly power In both cases, in general, market equilibrium not efficient, industrial sector too small In fact, there are always some spill-overs Central conclusion: The Infant Economy Argument for Protection The industrial sector (broadly understood, including services) may not only exhibit a larger learning elasticity, but also more spillovers to the rural/agricultural sector It is therefore desirable to encourage the industrial sector Optimal to impose some subsidies, even if taxes are distortionary Optimal subsidies lead to expansion of those sectors that have larger societal learning benefits, taking into account both direct learning and cross sectoral spillovers. Industrial Policy in the Presence of WTO constraints Broad-based export subsidies (as in East Asia) may be a desirable way of doing so But WTO has restricted the use of such subsidies Exchange rate policy may be an effective alternative − − − Lowering exchange rate below “equilibrium” (trade balance) leads to larger industrial sector and faster learning and trade surplus Avoids the problem of “picking winners” Avoids the problems posed by WTO restrictions Even pays to have a perpetual current account surplus − − Surprising — “capital” that one never uses But learning benefit exceeds the opportunity cost of funds But even if it were not desirable to do it forever, it may be an important element of development strategy − Problem with using steady-state models Extensions Trade policy can affect factor prices, and therefore the level of investment, and therefore the level of learning − More than offsetting the social costs of distortion We have focused on “learning,” but even more important is “learning to learn.” − Industrial and trade policy can enhance an economy’s learning capacities Other implications of new theory Theory of the firm − − − − Not based on transactions costs (Coase) Knowledge moves more freely within firms than across firm boundaries Resource allocations within firm are typically not based on prices, or even contracts Trade-off between “learning” and “allocative efficiency” General lessons Another example of 2nd best economics But whenever one talks about innovation, one is in the world of 2nd best economics − − − − − Credit/revenue constraints are also likely to be particularly important Imperfect competition/increasing returns to scale Risk, with imperfect risk markets All elements of standard Schumpeterian economics Should be at the center of endogenous growth theory and growth policy Revision is part of new trade framework Old trade-and-growth orthodoxy − − − Trade liberalization leads to more trade More trade leads to more growth Growth results in everyone being better off New trade framework (i) Trade liberalization often does not lead to increased trade (ii) Trade liberalization may not lead to increased growth or increased welfare (iii) Trade-generated growth may not make everyone better off − There may be large losers i)Trade liberalization often does not lead to increased trade Experiences with EBA Share of least developed countries in global trade declining ii) Trade liberalization may not lead to increased growth and well-being Growth related to technological progress − − Even more important for developing countries—closing knowledge gap Central question is how does liberalization affect diffusion and production of knowledge − Trade liberalization may have adverse effects − Especially if a badly designed IP regime is adopted − Especially if there is capital market liberalization—which can induce high levels of volatility Trade liberalization may not lead to increased growth and well-being High adjustment costs − − − Much larger for many developing countries than for advanced industrial countries Fiscal losses Implementation costs Absence of causal relationship between trade liberalization and growth Consistent with empirical study focusing on relationship of trade liberalization (not trade) on growth − Most often cited studies flawed, problems of causality, focus on wrong question Consistent with historical experiences noted earlier − − As well as more recent experiences If Korea had stuck to its comparative advantage, it would still be a rice grower iii) Trade-generated growth may not make everyone better off Trade liberalization may lead to increased inequality − − Distributive effects are inherent (Samuelson-Stolper) Adverse effects even in developing countries Especially with asymmetric trade liberalization − Capital more liberalized than labor − Agricultural subsidies retained − − − Standard analysis only said that with trade liberalization, gainers could offset losses of losers, not that they would In fact, globalization has resulted in pressures to weaken safety nets, compounding problems General lesson Policies often based on simplistic models − − − Simplistic models consistent with simplistic ideologies And used by special interests to advance particular policy agenda Trade and capital market liberalization can make everyone worse off (Pareto inferior trade and liberalization) if there are imperfect risk markets (Newbery-Stiglitz, 1982) “Political economy” objections Ideal government intervention might improve matters − But real world interventions do not Political economy objections may be true—but conclusion based on political analysis, not economic analysis − − Political analysis often more simplistic than economic analysis Moreover, liberalization is also a political agenda − − Not “perfectly applied” Asymmetric application can have adverse welfare effects Mixed historical record Question is: are problems inherent in political processes, or can political processes be improved − Historical record suggests not inevitable − But historical record does suggest caution Growth, learning and innovation: To what end? Much of innovation in advanced industrial economies has been directed towards saving labor But in many developing countries, labor is in surplus, and unemployment is the problem − Labor saving innovations exacerbate this key social problem − It is natural resources/the environment which is “underpriced” And innovation needs to be directed at saving resources and protecting the environment − Cannot just “borrow”/adapt technology from the North − Need a new “model” of innovation − These environmental impacts are important for all countries, but especially for developing countries What matters is not GDP, but the quality of life, “wellbeing” and individual capabilities − What that entails—and how it can be increased— should and can be a subject of rational inquiry − Has been an area in which Sen has made major contributions − Subject of Sen-Fitoussi-Stiglitz International Commission on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress Social transformation and the creation of a learning society Perceptions (beliefs) affect actions (choices) and are shaped by cognitive frames The categories that shape cognition are social constructions. Because belief systems affect the equilibrium, e.g. by shaping perceptions, elites have a strong incentive to influence people’s beliefs − In contrast, in a RE equilibrium cognitive frames play no role. Those in “power” typically do not control all the determinants of the evolution of beliefs. − Cultures are always contested. The general beliefs about the world are a state variable that determine which (more specific) beliefs are acceptable. How such belief systems change—and how those (like governments) who seek to deliberately change belief systems—is thus a core part of developmental analysis (Analysis based on K. Hoff and J. E. Stiglitz, 2010, “Equilibrium Fictions: A Cognitive Approach to Societal Rigidity,” American Economic Review, 100(2), May, pp. 141-146) Democracy and the creation of a learning society Ideas concerning human rights and democracy have been among the most important in shaping what is and is not acceptable. Democratic ideals question authority. Same frame of mind which is so essential for creating a dynamic, learning economy and society. A more open society generates more ideas, a flow of “mutations,” which provides not only excitement, but the possibility of dynamic evolution, rather than stasis. Non-inclusive growth can lead to nondemocratic societies Unfortunately, even if in the long run, a more dynamic society benefits most members of society, in the short run, there can be (and normally will be) losers. − − Trickle-down economics doesn’t work WC policies were often anti-poor (worse than failure to be pro-poor). Democratic processes can be shaped, and there are incentives on the part of some to maintain existing inequities. Democratic processes can then lead to the antithesis of an open and transparent society Democratic growth must be inclusive Critique of non-inclusive growth goes beyond that it is a waste of a country’s most valuable resource— its human talent—to fail to ensure that everyone lives up to his or her abilities. The political economy of inclusiveness and openness Government needs to play an important role in any economy, correcting pervasive market failures, but especially in the “creative economy” In a society with very little inequality, the only role of the state is to provide collective goods and correct market failures When there are large inequalities, interests differ − − − Distributive battles inevitably rage To prevent redistribution, role of government is circumscribed But in circumscribing government, ability to perform positive roles is also circumscribed. Circumscribing government An “independent” central bank, in reality, a central bank accountable mainly to the financial sector Budget constraints that severely limit the scope of government activity, even when there are very high investment opportunities in the public sector. Often defended by “ideology” Adverse dynamic More inequality—more circumscribed government Leading to more inequality In the long run—more unstable, lower growth Some fear that US has now embarked on this adverse dynamic − Less equality of opportunity, more inequality, than some countries of “old Europe” Lessons of the financial crisis The financial crisis has shown how misguided policies of financial market liberalization and deregulation were − − policies that served special interests well the voices of these special interests are often heard more loudly than the voices of those that are hurt by these policies General principles of a learning society have broad implications For: Financial and capital market liberalization The design of monetary policy and institutions Intellectual property regimes Investment treaties, Taxation, and expenditures on infrastructure, education, and technology Legal frameworks for corporate governance and bankruptcy Entire economic regime Objective of this lecture A new lens through which one can examine these and other policy choices facing developing countries in the coming years: The extent to which these policies assist or impede creating a learning society Countries might like to pretend that it could avoid matters of industrial policy—following the neoliberal doctrines that these are matters to be left to the market But they cannot. The choices they makes in each of these arenas will inevitably shape the economy, politics and society, for better or for worse, for decades to come. | <urn:uuid:a7c238b6-ecc4-4631-9655-1c06266a57c6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://slidegur.com/doc/81006/learning-for-a-new-economy---initiative-for-policy-dialogue | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00220-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.91896 | 3,641 | 3.28125 | 3 |
Currently reading : The most beautiful suicide
On May 1, 1947, Evelyn McHale leapt to her death from the observation deck of the Empire State Building. Photographer Robert Wiles took a photo of McHale a few minutes after her death.
The photo ran a couple of weeks later in Life magazine accompanied by the following caption:
On May Day, just after leaving her fiancé, 23-year-old Evelyn McHale wrote a note. ‘He is much better off without me … I wouldn’t make a good wife for anybody,’ … Then she crossed it out. She went to the observation platform of the Empire State Building. Through the mist she gazed at the street, 86 floors below. Then she jumped. In her desperate determination she leaped clear of the setbacks and hit a United Nations limousine parked at the curb. Across the street photography student Robert Wiles heard an explosive crash. Just four minutes after Evelyn McHale’s death Wiles got this picture of death’s violence and its composure. | <urn:uuid:905840ff-b119-4b07-bca5-1cb78b1373ad> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://magazine.sangbleu.com/2009/11/18/the-most-beautiful-suicide/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.96255 | 216 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Driving in Crete
There are some different things you should be aware of if you are renting a car in Crete. All driving is in the right side of the road and you will recognise the road signs as they are international.
This is mostly of concern when you are driving on the main highway, National Road. This road runs from the eastern end to the western end of Crete along the north coast. The speed limit is 90 kms except when signs say otherwise. On all other roads there are not really any official speed limits. The conditions mostly dictate a reasonable speed.
Speed cameras, there are Speed cameras on the highway, you are always warned by large signs showing a camara.
Please be careful when overtaking. Even the National Highway is most places a one lane road.
When you are keeping to the speed limit, you will sometimes have cars trying to overtake you. It is customary to move out on the hard-shoulder to let the overtaking cars by. Everybody does it.
The locals often use the hazard warning lights instead of singling left or right and many do not single at all when overtaking. So keep some distance to drivers ahead of you. | <urn:uuid:c07a66c3-b6b3-4b3e-8e21-fdc6b2d44a7c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.amazingcrete.dk/book-her/bilkorsel-pa-kreta/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.958232 | 257 | 1.773438 | 2 |
We are a tribal people, whether we like it or not. The brutal murder of thousands of Yazidis appropriately excites our horror and compassion, but the murder of reporter James Foley is a direct attack on us, rather than an attack on undeserving others. He is one of us: An American unless, that is, we have reached a narcissistic level of dissociation from our own roots.
Moreover, and maybe this is just me, but I believe that we as Americans react more viscerally to beheading than to other forms of execution. Beheading has never been an American way of death, something true long before our nation was created. Whether through formal due process executions or brutal, on-the-street murders, we shoot, hang, electrocute, poison, strangle, etc., but only the most insane among us behead.
There is something deeply symbolic about beheading, insofar as it separates the essence of ourselves — the head, which is the seat of our thoughts and personality — from the vessel that enables the head to function. It is the form of death that erases us, something Americans have never countenanced.
Worse, it’s clear from the video that ISIS proudly made commemorating Foley’s slaughter, that Foley’s cruel death was preceded by psychological torture and threats. It’s true that countries such as England and France once routinely beheaded their prisoners, often after or along with brutal, sustained torture. As they moved out of the Middle Ages and into the Enlightenment, however, they tried to beheading to effect it speedily and as painlessly as possible. Recall that the guillotine, rather than being viewed as a torturous instrument of death, was seen as humane because it removed the risk of an executioner’s fumble or a prisoner’s involuntary movements.
ISIS, however, still has an early medieval sensibility that revels in the psychic cruelty of beheading. Moreover, to the extent that they eschew swords, scimitars, or guillotines, opting instead to saw away at their victims’ neck with dull knives, they bring to the effort a cruelty would have been disturbing even to Europeans several hundred years ago.
So now what? What will be the aftermath of Foley’s terrible end?
When Daniel Pearl was brutally executed in exactly the same way, by a kindred entity, his execution was folded into the horrors of 9/11 and was part of the prelude to war. Under George Bush, the American mindset was “When you attack us and murder our people in the most brutal, painful, dehumanizing ways possible, you can bet your bottom dollar that we will come after you. You can run, but you can’t hide. ‘The people who knocked these buildings down will hear all of us soon.'”
What can we expect from Barack Obama? Well, first, silence. As I write this, I’m under the impression that Obama has had nothing yet to say about the televised execution of an American citizen.
Second, Obama will eventually issue a bland, fairly affect-free statement, either through a spokesman or through a brief appearance on the White House lawn (no questions from the press, please). In an anodyne tone, he’ll say how sad he and the American people are at the news. He’ll promise to issue strongly worded condemnations of the killers. He’ll assure us that the killers are aberrant and have nothing to do with the good Muslims around the world. (God forbid he castigates the bad Muslims who rejoice under such names as ISIS, al Qaeda, al Shabaab, Boko Haram, Hamas, etc.). Lastly, Obama will promise an investigation along with the rote words that “we’ll bring these killers to justice.” And then it will be over. That will be it.
Oh, one more thing! Michelle Obama may well chime in with a sad-faced Twitter photo, complete with hashtag. Maybe #RIPJamesFoley or #Don’tBeheadOurJournalists or something equally profound.
Obama’s passivity will do two things. It will reaffirm ISIS’s belief that it’s not even dealing with a paper tiger but, instead, is dealing with a paper crawling worm. It will also tell reporters around the world that their best protection isn’t to tell the truth about radical Islam, knowing that the western nations — especially America — will protect them. Instead, reporters will understand that their only safety comes with parroting whatever lies these radical Islamists feed them, just as they did when they relayed Hamas’s propaganda from Gaza. Every reporter, from every Western outlet, will find himself (or herself) acting the part of Baghdad Bob, fervently repeating whatever words the Islamic executioner demands.
Things could be very different. As a friend of mine told me, when his wife first heard the report of Foley’s ritualistic slaughter, she turned to him, and deadpanned “Wow, it’s too bad there isn’t a military solution for the ISIS problem.” Exactly.
Max Boot, as astute a commentator of events in the Middle East as you’ll find, also thinks there can be a military solution. In his view, while the execution is meant to be a projection of strength, it’s also a sign of weakness. You don’t execute one man to make a point if you can take out towns or dams.
Our government should recognize ISIS’s weakness and act accordingly — and this action, with a brutal killing machine, cannot mean achieving “peace” through negotiations across the table. (As John Hinderaker noticed in an interview with Hamas, peace means a breather during which Islamists re-arm in order to continue their never-ending jihad.) Instead, achieving peace Western-style (raising our families, going to work, celebrating life) means obliterating ISIS:
What is needed now is not strongly worded condemnation of Foley’cs murder, much less a hashtag campaign. What is needed is a politico-military strategy to annihilate ISIS rather than simply chip around the edges of its burgeoning empire. In the Spectator of London I recently outlined what such a strategy should look like. In brief, it will require a commitment of some 10,000 U.S. advisors and Special Operators, along with enhanced air power, to work with moderate elements in both Iraq and Syria–meaning not only the peshmerga but also the Sunni tribes, elements of the Iraqi Security Forces, and the Free Syrian Army–to stage a major offensive to rout ISIS out of its newly conquered strongholds. The fact that Nouri al-Maliki is leaving power in Baghdad clears away a major obstacle to such a campaign.
Unfortunately, this aggressive attack against people who have united to become a feral roving slaughterhouse is the one thing Obama will not be able to bring himself to do. As we’ve known from the beginning, and more people are noticing daily, Obama rouses himself to respond only when he perceives an attack to be leveled against him personally, rather than against him as leader of the American people. That’s why he reserves his fiercest, nastiest, most demeaning rhetoric, not for those who slaughter Americans, annihilate Christians, and are engaged in an ongoing effort to effect the complete genocide of the Jewish people, but instead for Republicans. Republicans are mean to him, to Obama. The Islamists are just cutting down to size those people Obama dislikes anyway: Jews, Christians, and Americans.
As this year plays out, I continue to revise my long-standing believe that Obama’s only religion is Leftism, with himself as the godhead. I’m becoming more convinced that Obama is indeed a Muslim. I do not know whether he has always hewed to the religion of his childhood, hiding it for professional advantage, or if he has recently returned to it. I do think, though, that one of the few truths Obama uttered was this one: “The sweetest sound I know is the Muslim call to prayer.”
UPDATE: Even worse, it appears that (a) the executioner was a former Gitmo resident; and (b) the White House knew in advance that Foley would die, but had no power to stop it.
UPDATE II: Since I wrote this post, I’ve learned that Obama has spoken and it was even less than I thought it would be. He said the world’s conscience is “shocked,” and that America will continue to “do what we must to protect our people.”
Funnily enough, when I hear Obama say he’s “shocked,” the only thing that comes to mind is this: | <urn:uuid:1589415d-ac30-476b-b38c-67b4078ea56e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.bookwormroom.com/2014/08/20/americas-response-to-james-foleys-beheading-as-it-should-be-and-as-it-actually-will-be/comment-page-1/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00494-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965887 | 1,848 | 2.28125 | 2 |
Wise words from the mountaintop—Part 3
Shortening the time line of money to improve cash flow
Editor's Note: This is the third episode in a mountaintop dialog that Gerald has been having with a "wise business guru." They have been talking about cash flow and the time line of money.
I continued watching the beavers as they worked on their good dam. I realized the poetic similarity between water flow and cash flow, but I was not sure that I was comprehending much more than that.
"Oh, little guru, what does my cash flow problem have to do with those critters playing in yonder puddle?" I asked. His beady eyes glinted from the shade of the bristlecone pine.
"Use metaphor to help your brain sponge," was his raspy reply. I was working on feeling insulted when he added, "See yourself at the discharge point of the dam, waiting for a trickle of water to fill your cup. If the dam allows no flow, you thirst."
"Why have a dam at all, then?" I asked.
"The beavers are prudent to store the snow melt for later use in the dry months," he answered. "It also provides them with safety and a bath. There are many good reasons for them to dam the stream."
"Are you saying that my lack of cash flow is a good thing?" I puzzled.
"Far from that, my wondering wonder. I am telling you that your dam management is faulty!"
"Well, there is no need to get rude about it!" I exclaimed.
"Settle your dander," he chided. "Just as the beaver has good reasons for protecting his lodge, you have good reasons for protecting your business. But the beaver is careful not to let the stream stagnate or flood. The beaver's adjustment, planning, and repair demand a constant effort. You think you run a manufacturing company and you do not think that cash flow management is really a part of your job," he accused.
Before I could voice my bluster, he interrupted me with a question. "Tell me, who are the beavers in your organization? To be clear, I am asking you to identify those who are creating cash flow blockages."
To me, busy beavers were a good sort of thing to employ. Now he seemed to imply that beavers were a problem. "I don't have a clue, but I am sure that you will tell me," I ventured.
His dour expression accused me of making him do all of the heavy lifting. "Where is the cash stored in your organization?" he demanded.
"In the bank?" I suggested.
He laughed. "If you had any cash, it might be in the bank. You are allowing yourself to think only about liquid assets. Your business problem is with excessive amounts of illiquidity. Illiquid assets are like ice—possibly good storage, but hard to drink. Liquid assets are like water—instantly useful but runny and tricky to control. Instead of asking you where your cash is 'stored,' I should have asked where it's 'trapped.'"
I thought for a moment about all of the assets listed on our balance sheet. "Well, I have money tied up in machinery and in inventory," I mused.
"Excellent!" he beamed. "How many kinds of inventory do you have?"
"Yikes! That will take a while to recite. We have sheet stock in various alloys, nuts, bolts, captive fasteners ..."
He waved his ears to interrupt me. "You have three kinds of inventory. You just started talking about raw materials. What do you suppose the other kinds of inventory are?" He paused and seemed to become one with "the force."
"How about work-in-process and finished goods?" I asked.
"Yes, yes!" he shouted. "Now try answering the question again. Who are your beavers?" I stared at him, thinking that maybe my brain was sponge after all. Unfortunately, I was not soaking up wisdom; I was just feeling mentally soggy. I gave him a pleading shrug.
"Anyone and everything that increases your inventories is the answer!" he bellowed. "Maybe you could call them 'pack rats' instead of 'beavers.' But I do not want to insult your staff. They are working hard to do the right thing. You just have failed to give them the tools to regulate their behavior properly," he said.
I thought about my purchasing department converting cash into raw material; the production staff converting cash into labor. Eventually the work-in-process became finished goods. The cash did not come back out of the system until the customer paid for the finished goods.
He seemed to read my mind. "The purchasing people have learned that they can get a better price if they buy in larger quantities. Production people tend to feel more secure if there are big piles of work-in-process lying around. Your sales staff is pressured by your customers to have piles of finished goods ready to ship at a moment's notice."
He looked mournful as he said this. Were it not for his apparent grief, I would have continued to think that piles of inventory were just a normal part of doing business.
"I think that inventory is a normal part of doing business," I sputtered. "My manufacturing company will not run without it."
He gazed down the valley at the ponds. "The beavers collect water, but they do not permit stagnation nor do they flood their lodge. Can you say that you have reasonable and efficient management of your three types of inventory?" I started to nod. "Before you answer that, I must assure you that you do not. Otherwise, you would not have a cash flow problem, and your company would be growing and prospering." He beamed as if he had revealed a great truth.
I was feeling a little dizzy. Maybe it was the lack of oxygen at high altitude. Or maybe it was the combination of messages he was giving me about cash flow being the highest priority for my business and about my business management being feeble.
"Most of the time your cash is tied up working for your customer. That is what I call the time line of money," he pointed out.
Suddenly my sponge started to feel brainy. "The time line of money starts when I start spending cash and stops when I collect payment?"
"Correct that is," he replied. "Throughput matters?" His ears dropped in a perfect imitation of the famous Yoda.
Apparently I had stated the obvious. Undeterred, I went on. "Prompt payment is vital?"
He nodded with a tear in his eye. I assumed it was because he was very proud of me as a student.
"Your first priority in turning your company around is to shorten the time line of money. To do that, you first will have to analyze the current status of your illiquid assets, develop and enforce procedures for regulating your inventories, and do business only with your best customers."
As he said this he folded his little self into a meditative pose. A dreamy smile grew as he contemplated the future with all of those actions bearing fruit.
I was both fascinated and alarmed by his suggestion that we should do business only with our best customers. "Let me tell you a thing or two about my customers!" I huffed. "Once upon a time, we allowed a single customer to grow to supply nearly half of our sales. When the semiconductor industry hiccupped, we were sent on a roller coaster ride. As a result of that terrifying experience, I vowed that we would develop a diversified customer base. So now we serve not only a wide range of industries, but also many different-sized clients. That is a good thing!" I insisted.
"Jack of all trades and master of none," he grumbled. He brightened and asked, "Do you have a report that shows how much business you do with each customer?" I quickly nodded my head. "Do you have a report that shows how much profit each customer brings you?" I was not sure that I had seen that one lately. "Do you have a report that shows how much overhead is required to service each customer?" I knew we did not prepare that kind of report.
"We do have a minimum charge," I said defensively. "That keeps our inside sales staff from wasting time on little bitty orders," I explained.
He seemed disappointed. "You have some work to do in analyzing your customer base. I like your idea of having a diverse portfolio of clients, particularly in different industry segments. Frankly, I am less impressed with the diversity in size," he said.
Before I could explain to him that pickings were slim in this slow economy, he fired his printer and handed me a report ranking my customers by sales volume. It seemed that he could hack into any part of my network with his laptop.
"Amazing! Eighty percent of your sales comes from 20 percent of your customers," he announced. "Put another way, 80 percent of your customers represent a service burden.
"The trick is to maintain a balanced portfolio," he said. "You need some blue chips, and some with growth potential. It is vital to get rid of the deadwood!"
"You sound like you are talking about investments instead of customers," I observed.
He nodded happily. I wondered how to go about losing customers in a strategic way.
The saga continues in next month's issue.
The FABRICATOR is North America's leading magazine for the metal forming and fabricating industry. The magazine delivers the news, technical articles, and case histories that enable fabricators to do their jobs more efficiently. The FABRICATOR has served the industry since 1971. | <urn:uuid:5aac974a-aa15-43ad-8297-bda60080860f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.thefabricator.com/article/shopmanagement/wise-words-from-the-mountaintop-part-3 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00217-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.984212 | 2,038 | 1.890625 | 2 |
For France, 2019 so far has been nothing but turbulent. Following President Macron’s announcement of plans to increase the costs of petrol and diesel at the end of last year, mass protests ensued that snowballed into violent riots. Of course, the Yellow Vest protests were not solely based on the fuel hikes, but also the high cost of living in France and the government’s tax reforms, which were felt to be disproportionately hitting the working class.This means that the fuel hikes have been put to bed for now in an attempt to placate the Yellow Vests, but there are still numerous changes underway in France this year. There are new laws coming into place that will affect many drivers on the roads in France. From harsher fines and penalties to new government incentives, this article will take a look at the changes in French driving law and how they may affect you.
What Has Changed? New Laws And Rules For Driving In France
Rising costs of breaking down and insurance
The cost of breaking down on a motorway will be go up to around €126.93. Not only this, but the cost rises further if assistance takes longer than half an hour or you have to be towed a distance greater than 5km from the site of the breakdown. You will also have to pay 50% more if you break down between 6pm and 8pm on a weekend or public holiday, while car insurance is estimated to rise by between one and two percent.
Radars tourelles, also known as ‘turret cameras’, are going to be implemented throughout France. These cameras not only will capture speeding, but also a variety of other offences, including whether the driver is wearing a seatbelt or using a mobile phone behind the wheel. Some 6,000 of these cameras will be rolled out during the course of this year.
Increase to motorway tolls
Ironically, part of the reason for this increase is supposedly to cover the losses caused by the violent protests of the Yellow Vests. However, these price hikes are also for urgent upkeep of the motorways. This will likely not come as surprise for those who have been living in France for a while, as the agreement stands between the operator and the government that the prices increase yearly. The inflation will be between 0.98% and 1.40%.
Stricter tests for diesel cars
From the first of July, drivers of diesel vehicles will be subjected to more rigorous tests to classify their vehicles as roadworthy. This was originally going to be implemented at the beginning of the year but was delayed for six months.
Incentives for exchanging cars to increase
The financial incentives for car owners to exchange their old vehicles for new greener eco cars will double for those under a certain household income. The incentive will rise from the original €2,000 to around €4,000 for low income households and for drivers on low incomes who have to commute more than 60km a day. The grant also rises to €5,000 for those who buy 100% percent ecological or ‘green’ cars such as electric or hybrid vehicles.
Penalties for polluting cars to rise
In order to help pay for the eco-car incentive grants, the French government is going to increase the penalties on ‘polluting’ cars. Drivers who own vehicles that emit 117 grams of CO2 per km will have to pay an extra €50 a year.
Restrictions in Paris
The Mayor of Paris confirmed that vehicles carrying ‘Crit’Air 4’ stickers will not be able to enter Paris on weekdays. This is planned to come into effect from the first of July, as a further attempt to reduce pollution. This will apply to trucks as well. It is estimated that this will impact some 800,000 vehicles.
Crackdowns on uninsured drivers
The French police will have access to files that will make it easier to detect uninsured vehicles. Those caught driving without insurance could face fines of up to €3,750 which can also carry additional penalties such as the suspension or cancellation of your driving license and/or the confiscation of your vehicle.
Use of mobile phones while driving
The penalties for drivers caught using their mobile phones while driving will get even tougher this year. In fact, you could face losing your license for up to six months, especially if you are caught using your phone while committing another offence such as speeding. Since one in 10 road accidents in France are caused by drivers using their phones, this should help dramatically reduce road accidents and fatalities.
Would you like to share your experience of life abroad with other readers? Answer the questions here to be featured in an interview! | <urn:uuid:2b94fdaf-4039-4cc3-bc9e-9780152e0adf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.expatfocus.com/france/living/how-might-the-changes-in-french-driving-laws-affect-you-5511 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00467.warc.gz | en | 0.973449 | 955 | 1.953125 | 2 |
Love the rich, creaminess of mashed potatoes but want to avoid the calories? Skip the potatoes and reach for cauliflower. Our recipe lets you pass on the carbs and enjoy a healthy vegetable side.
This recipe for cauliflower mashed “potatoes” comes courtesy of a nutrition class hosted by Baylor College of Medicine students for a group of patients and families who are part of the bariatric surgery program at Texas Children’s Hospital.
- 1 head cauliflower
- 1 clove garlic
- 1 leek, white part only, split in 4 pieces
- 1 tbsp. margarine
- Pepper to taste
Break cauliflower into small pieces. In a good-sized saucepan, steam cauliflower, garlic and leeks in water until completely tender, for about 20 to 30 minutes. While cauliflower is hot, puree until the vegetables resemble mashed potatoes. (Use a food processor, or if you prefer a smoother texture, use a blender. Process only a small portion at a time, holding the blender lid on firmly with a tea towel.) Add a little hot water if vegetables seem dry. Stir in margarine and pepper to taste.
Check out other healthier alternatives to dinner favorites including:
The students who worked with the bariatric surgery program are part of the CHEF organization at Baylor College of Medicine. Read more about the CHEF elective and organization.
Get more recipes from Momentum.
-By Audrey M. Marks | <urn:uuid:f2eac05e-c682-4cae-af55-dcfe32c3cacf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blogs.bcm.edu/2014/02/19/recipe-a-mashed-potato-alternative/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.890763 | 306 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Uber has taken the taxi industry by storm, and now it wants to have a go at boat transport too.
Per a blog post from the company, the UberBoat was launched on the one year anniversary of Uber arriving in Turkey.
Uber partnered with luxury sea transport company Navette to make UberBoat a reality.
The UberBoats cross the Bosphorus strait, a body of water in Instanbul.
The UberBoat works in a similar way to the on-land vehicle, when you’re at the seaside, selected UberBoat and if there’s a boat available nearby it will come pick you up.
Generally the boats available will be similar to a speedboat, with a capacity of six to eight people. | <urn:uuid:78159238-8625-4319-ac32-c2aa01b9cd95> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.bandt.com.au/media/uber-starts-uberboat-in-istanbul | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00298-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945213 | 160 | 1.695313 | 2 |
Darwinist claims have always been anything but scientific, and they have always used mere demagoguery and false evidence to prop their theories up. They deceive people by employing terminology that has nothing to do with the subject at hand, simply producing words without saying anything scientific at all. These are well-known evolutionist characteristics. But there has recently been another addition to Darwinists’ demagoguery.
Terms such as “perfect, magnificent, flawless,” used to emphasize the superior aspects of the structures in living things, alarm Darwinists. They respond by saying things like, “These are not scientific terms, they are personalized terms; there is no such thing as a perfect cell. What criteria are involved?”
The reason is this: Darwinists are aware that they cannot account in terms of the theory of evolution for the extraordinary order and behavior in living things, such as the golden ratio, symmetry, division of labor or planning. Their latest feeble move, a defense mechanism, is to attack these terms. In short,Darwinists are in such a wretched position as to suggest that the use of these terms is improper.
Why do Darwinists reject the concept of “perfection”?
“Perfection” is a scientific term because living structures exhibit a perfection that exceeds human abilities and sometimes even human comprehension. For example, the stages involved in plant photosynthesis are still not yet fully understood. no machine capable of making photosynthesis has thus far ever been constructed. We still do not fully understand how tiny birds weighing just a few grams can migrate thousands of kilometers, how they navigate, and where they obtain the strength to do this. The majestic nature of the order within the bee hive, how the regular hexagons in the honeycomb came about and the glory of the ventilation system in termite nests are all absolutely stunning.
In fact, Darwinists know perfectly well that the features in living things are perfect and that they cannot explain them in terms of evolution. But they still do all they can to reject the concept of “perfection.” The sole reason for this is that, in their eyes, it is impossible for there to be perfection in a structure they maintain came about by chance.
Chance cannot produce perfection. It cannot understand symmetry or the golden ratio. It cannot give rise to entire systems that engage in a division of labor at the molecular level, take precautions, leave no deficiencies and test for, and even correct, errors. All chance can produce is either nothing, or else deformed, twisted, irregular, crippled and sickly structures. That is why Darwinists are so alarmed by the use of words such as “perfect,” “extraordinary” and “flawless.”
The truth is clear, even if Darwinists try to hide from it
The fact that Darwinists try to avoid with their policy of silencing argument is this:
- Proteins serve very different functions inside the cell. Every protein knows where to go and what to do at the moment it comes into being. One enfolds DNA, another indicates the location of the code in protein synthesis, one becomes a hormone and permits communication while another becomes an enzyme and catalyzes reactions. Darwinists can never succeed in performing one of the jobs of one of the thousands of proteins inside the cell. FURTHERMORE, THEY CAN NEVER EXPLAIN HOW A SINGLE PROTEIN MIGHT HAVE FORMED. Such a structure that so exceeds human abilities is, in a word, perfect.
- DNA is a work of art. Some two meters long and divided into 46 chromosomes, it is folded into the cell nucleus a mere one to two microns in size using the most complex folding technique in the world. It is enzymes and proteins that do this folding. If Darwinists claim there is no perfection in this, then they have to be able to do something similar, or at least make a copy of it.
- The chloroplast inside a leaf performs photosynthesis, the mechanism of which we still do not fully understand, with an amazing expertise. If Darwinists maintain that this system is not perfect, they need to be able to make a copy or to be able to do something similar.
- A moon fish living in Antarctica can survive at temperatures as low as minus 56 degrees and dive down to great depths. Yet it is unaffected by sudden and intense changes in pressure, because in contrast to many mammals, its respiratory tract is flat-oval in shape, rather than round, and is capable of immediately closing under high pressure. It can also close its lungs instantaneously. This characteristic is perfection.
- A seed can store and never forget all the information for a flower, a fruit or a tree. If Darwinists claim there is no perfection in this, then they need to explain how the seed can store all this information and how it can be preserved for hundreds or even thousands of years.
- A hummingbird’s heart beats between 500 and 1,200 times per minute throughout the day. At night, however, it slows down so much that its heartbeat literally stops, and the bird seems not to be breathing at all. These birds expend more energy, for their size, then a modern passenger jet. If we were to expend an equivalent amount of energy, our body temperature would rise to 400 degrees and we would have to consume 45 kilos of sugar every day in order to meet that energy need. It is wondrous how this tiny animal does what is impossible for a human being.
- Darwinists need to be able to account for a bat’s sonar system, bees’ navigational abilities, a bacteria’s ability to perform chemical separation, the way a scorpion can withstand ultraviolet rays, the way a salamander can renew its own organs and all the countless characteristics in living things, in terms of evolution. But since they cannot do that, living things possess superior structures to human beings and these are all amazing properties. And these show us “perfection, glory and flawlessness.”
A Response to Darwinists Who Refuse to Admit the Secret of the Creation of Life on Earth:
Why do some life forms have a sonar system, and others not?
This is the kind of question that Darwinists, who are unwilling to admit the secret of the creation of life on Earth, frequently resort to.
The answer is this: The dolphin that possesses sonar is superior, in this respect, to human beings. Or a salamander that renews its organs is superior to humans in this regard.
In the same way there are perfections in the human body, some structures superior to those of humans have been created in other life forms. But Allah is the Creator of all different properties. If Allah wished, he could create them all in one single living thing. And that is indeed how the creation in paradise will be. People will possess all kinds of attributes, superiority, flawlessness and immortality in paradise. It is sufficient to know of the dolphin’s sonar to appreciate the sublimity of Allah. It is sufficient to know that the salamander renews its own organs to appreciate that Allah is mighty enough to do this. The absence of these properties in humans is because they are tested in this world.
People will be tested with deficiencies and will thus desire paradise, or flawlessness, to put it another way. To fail to see the purpose here and say, “There are flaws in this world, nothing is flawless,” means to fail to appreciate the reason for the creation of man. The greatest proof we are given about Allah’s creative artistry is the perfection we see just about everywhere in the universe. We can see from this evidence that our Almighty Creator is powerful enough to do all things, that He will create the entity He wishes with the superior qualities He wishes, and that he will create all these and more in paradise.
Perfections are a great blessing for us. Perfections are facts shown us by science. Perfections only disturb Darwinists because every perfection undermines the theory of evolution. Every new marvel that emerges as science advances will continue to undermine the theory of evolution, and Darwinists will continue to be troubled by these perfections. What we of course wish, is for them, too, to delight in these perfections and properly and sincerely appreciate our Almighty Lord, the Creator of all things. | <urn:uuid:1545342f-1694-4c89-8472-3d588153ceef> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.darwinism-watch.com/makale/148616/Perfection%20Is%20an%20Outcome%20Shown%20by%20Science%20and%20Prevails%20in%20All%20Living%20Structures | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00431-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95018 | 1,735 | 2.84375 | 3 |
From 1950 to 1967 the USAF set up and maintained bases in France as part of NATO. This piece of Air Force history is little known, and many errors exist in what has been written. As one who participated in this build up, I hope to remedy both situations by drawing a brief outline of units involved, where they were stationed, their missions, and what conditions were like at the bases in France.
The Cold War that developed in Europe during 1948 and escalated into the attempted seizure of West Berlin, convinced the western nations to form a common defense organization. Discussions led to a multinational defense agreement that evolved into NATO. A central NATO defense strategy was the use of tactical air power to offset the Soviet Union's numerical superiority of ground forces, but USAF planners did not want any new tactical air units moved into the US "Zone of Occupation" in southern Germany because of their vulnerability. By 1950 USAFE wanted all tactical air units to be located west of the Rhein River to provide greater air defense warning time and France agreed to provide air base sites.
During 1950 the State Department, HQ USAF teams, and the French Defense Ministry negotiated to select the air bases and determine the amount of construction funding needed to get them operational at the earliest possible date. France gave tentative approval by February 1951 to establish ten main US air bases with all support facilities: Bordeaux-Merignac, Chambley-Bussieres, Chaumont-Somuntiers, Chateauroux-Deols, Dreux-Louvillier, Etain-Rouvres, Evreux-Fauville, Laon-Couvron, Phalsbourg-Bourscheid, and Toul-Rosieres. Two additional bases were selected for RCAF (Royal Canadian Air Force) fighters, Gros-Tenquin and Marville-Montmedy.
The Buildup 1950 - 1954
The sites selected for the ten main bases varied from open farmland to commercial airports. Bordeaux-Merignac and Chateauroux-Deols were well developed commercial airports with good runways, taxiways, and roads. Chaumont, Etain, Evreux, Laon and Toul had runways circa 1940-44, limited parking aprons and open space for troop housing. No sites had adequate buildings, hangars, or housing to accommodate a wing. Of serious concern were sources of potable water and electrical power. Major construction would be required at all selected bases to support jet fighters, bombers, and transports. Chaumont, Laon and Toul would be developed in two steps: first a temporary bare base tent camp built in minimum time to support flying missions and completed while the wing operated at its air base. It took twice as long to complete these bases as USAFE had estimated. Chambley, Dreux, Etain, Evreux, and Phalsbourg were planned as one step bases, eliminating the bare base expenses. Though construction began in 1952 at these five sites, they were not ready for wing operations until mid-1955, long after their expected completion. Two major NATO decisions adversely affected the development of base infrastructure: only French contractors could construct the facilities, and only French building materials and equipment could be used. In the early fifties there was neither sufficient heavy equipment nor quality building materials available in France for these large projects.
An airlift terminal was established in April 1951 at Orly Field, the international airport south of Paris. It was operated by the 1630th Air Base Squadron, a small unit supporting military and commercial air transports moving US officials and high ranking military personnel to NATO offices in Paris and to SHAPE at Fontainebleau. Orly Field was strictly limited to these MATS (Military Air Transport Service) flights; tactical aircraft were not allowed to fly into Paris.
In June 1951, the 73rd Air Depot Wing was the first large USAF unit to move into France. It was required for USAFE logistical support and MDAP (Mutual Defense Assistance Program) support to all NATO countries and intended to replace the Erding Air Depot in West Germany. This wing was based at the Chateauroux-Doels airport, in central France, and operated the depot until departure of all US forces from France in 1967. The 73rd began immediately as supply center for the new bases though considerable construction was required to provide necessary depot facilities. The 866th US Army Engineer Aviation Battalion, a SCARWAF (Special Category Army Personnel with Air Force) organization, assisted the 73rd to improve existing housing, roads, and storage site drainage. A tent camp for troop housing and a very large warehousing facility was located at La Martinerie, two miles south of the airport. USAFE also required a primary ammunition storage/maintenance depot so a large forested site 15 miles southwest of Niort, "Foret de Chize," was established as the Chize Ammunition Storage Sub-Depot. Another sub-depot using the Bordeaux Ford Bacalan plant near the WWII submarine pens was opened in June 1951 to store supplies moving through this major seaport and later became USAFE's clothing depot.
The three combat wings hurriedly ordered to France between October 1951 and May 1952 were federalized Air National Guard units activated for 21 months. This action got aircraft, equipment and personnel in place to be easily redesignated regular USAF wings after the end of the guard's tour of active duty. The 126th Bomb Wing (Light) arrived in December 1951, the 117th Tactical Reconnaissance Wing with RB-26Cs and RF-80As reached France in January 1952, and the 137th Fighter-Bomber Wing in May 1952.
I was attached to the first flying wing deployed to France, the 126th Bomb Wing (L) with its three squadrons; 108th, 168th and 180th, flying B-26B/Cs. The word was that we were going to an interim base at Bordeaux-Merignac which had World War II hangars and shops ready for our occupancy. We would be permanently based at Laon when the bare base construction was completed there. Our squadron air crews flew the B-26s to Bordeaux in October and November while personnel and equipment proceeded by troop and cargo ship.
We had a rude awakening upon our arrival in Bordeaux. Living and working conditions were abysmal by USAF standards. The expected hangars and shops had been bombed by the 8th USAAF when the base was occupied by the Luftwaffe in WWII so almost all aircraft maintenance had to be done outdoors. Evidence of the Luftwaffe's presence was found throughout the base; the perimeter was still mined, and aircraft munitions were frequently found in the mud. Our wing was the first to encounter all the problems of being based in France and developed many innovative solutions. Each maintenance section had to set up its own shop tent on the ground. Flooring of pierced steel planking was used to keep the shop equipment from sinking into the mud. Aircraft parking was a serious problem due to limited ramp space. B-26s that had to be parked on the ground would sink into the mud overnight and great effort was required to extract them. Fifteen hundred officers and airmen were housed in 200 tents with canvas over wood frames on wood floors. The tents were heated by two oil burning stoves. Prefabricated portable wooden buildings were erected for three mess halls, six large latrines, a hospital, communications center, and the base exchange.
Flight operations were often canceled due to bad winter weather, inadequate VHF radio communication sets for civil airport/airways operation, and limited aircraft maintenance facilities. An unusual flying stoppage was the weekly grazing of sheep throughout the aircraft parking area by a local farmer. Flight operations began immediately though, and in February we supported NATO's operation "GRAND SLAM" which involved British, French, and Italian forces. As part of MDAP we began the ground and flight training of French pilots and navigators who would fly B-26s in Indochina.
When we moved to Laon AB, located seven miles northwest of the old cathedral city of Laon, in May 1952, we found another tent city with prefabricated wood buildings for headquarters, two large mess halls, seven large latrines, a hospital and base exchange. An 8,000 ft runway had been built on high ground with good drainage for all weather operation. Upon arrival each flying squadron built an aircraft maintenance ramp using pierced steel planking. Then the French contractor built six canvas covered tent frames on wood floors for squadron operations, air crew personnel equipment, armament, radio/radar, and aircraft repair shops. By late July 1952 the aircraft maintenance shops at Laon were vastly superior to those used at Bordeaux AB or even Langley AFB.
The summer weather was excellent, permitting the wing to fly up to 1,200 hours per month. The squadrons began weapons training with air to ground gunnery and bombing missions at Wheelus AB, Tripoli, Libya. Air to ground rocket firings were conducted at ranges off the English coast. Amazingly, napalm training was done by dropping the napalm tanks on Laon AB parallel to the runway; a suitable range could not be found elsewhere. USAF Project 7019 directed that one crew per squadron, consisting of a pilot, navigator, and gunner, began departing every month for a 60-day combat tour in Korea. Training French B-26 crews continued at Laon. Exercises involving US and NATO ground forces, with the 126th supplying close air support, continued at various camps in Belgium, France, and Germany. In addition, radar calibration, MSQ-1 radar directed bombing, and night cross-country navigation training missions added to the busy flying schedule.
At midnight 31 December 1952, the 126 Bomb Wing (L) was redesignated 38th Bomb Wing, (L) with the same missions, aircraft, equipment, and personnel when the 21 month mobilization of the 126th expired. The 38th's squadrons were designated; 71st, 405th, and 822nd Bomb Sq (L). The wing continued flying gloss black Invaders for the next three years.
The Toul-Rosieres bare base, located 12 miles north of the city of Toul, presented greater problems. Upon arrival in January of 1952, the 117th Tac Reconnaissance Wing commander deemed it uninhabitable and the flying squadrons were temporarily deployed to bases in Germany. The base was a sea of mud, and the new runway was breaking up and could not support safe flying. Some personnel remained at Toul, but the base only became truly operational during the summer of 1952 when the flying squadrons returned.
The 117th TRW was redesignated the 10th Tactical Reconnaissance Wing with the same aircraft, equipment, and personnel at midnight 9 July 1952. The squadrons were redesignated the 1st, 32nd and the 38th. The 10th TRW remained at Toul AB until May 1953, when it moved to Spangdahlem AB, West Germany. After its departure, the base was improved. In April 1954 the 465th Troop Carrier Wing became the new resident of Toul AB. Its three flying squadron were; the 780th TCSq, 781st TCSq and the 782nd TCSq. It flew C-119Cs until its departure in 1955 for Evreux.
The last of the bare bases, Chaumont, located two miles southwest of the city of Chaumont, was in the best condition of the three. The French contractor had laid a good quality new concrete runway over an old one. It supported the heavy F-84G fighters the 137th Fighter-Bomber Wing flew across the Atlantic to occupy the base in May 1952. The 125th, 127th, and 128th Fighter Squadrons were able to fly at their new field and began immediately supporting NATO exercises. The tent camp was completed and prefabbed wood buildings were erected. At midnight 9 July 1952, the 137th FBW was redesignated the 48th Fighter-Bomber Wing. The 492nd, 493rd, and 494th were the new fighter squadron designations. The 48th wing remained at Chaumont AB until relocated to RAF Lakenheath, UK, in January 1960.
As the main air bases became operational, the USAFE planners had to decide on the best dispersal of tactical aircraft against enemy counter air strikes using both conventional and nuclear weapons. Their goal was to have no more than one squadron at a single base in the event of war. The 1954 concept would place one squadron forward on alert in West Germany, one squadron at a DOB (Dispersed Operating Base) in France, and one squadron at its main air base. Beginning in 1954, DOBs were constructed at Chalons-Vatry, Luneville-Chenevieres, Vitry-Brienne, and Vouziers-Sechault: all sites in northeast France. The DOB concept was considered by all to be worth the costs and operational hardships. Usually one tactical squadron would fly to a DOB and operate for a week or two while undergoing an operational readiness inspection. The maintenance sections would pack up their shop semitrailers, drive to the DOB, set up the camp site and support a very active flying schedule.
NATO construction costs had greatly exceeded 1951 estimates; total US construction expenditures in France approached 1 billion dollars by 1954. DOD expenditures were growing too rapidly for the Eisenhower administration and cuts of tactical forces were being forecast. But, as 1954 ended, two more wings arrived in France and within a year all of the main bases were operational except Phalsbourg. Mission Capable 1955 - 1958
On 12 December 1954, the 21st and 388th Fighter-Bomber Wings, flying F-86Fs, deployed to Chambley and Etain. These were "one step" bases supposedly ready for operations. Chambley AB was constructed on clear farmland located 22 miles southwest of the ancient city of Metz, and Etain AB was a WWII airfield site 20 miles north of Chambley.
After three years of construction, Chambley's runway was not usable, so the three fighter squadrons of the 21st FB Wing had to deploy elsewhere for the first six months. The 72nd deployed to Chateauroux, the 416th and 531st operated at Toul. Etain's runway was not ready either, resulting in the 388th's squadrons flying in West Germany. All returned to Etain AB in September.
Evreux AB, 65 miles northwest of Paris, was finally ready to receive the 465th Troop Carrier Wing which transferred from Toul on 23 May 1955. Then, on 22 September 1955, the 60th Troop Carrier Wing with the 10th, 11th, and 12th TC squadrons, flying C-119Fs relocated from Rhein-Main AB, West Germany to set up operations at Dreux AB, 38 miles west of Paris. Both wings provided airlift for all of USAFE, worked with Army paratroopers, and were involved in humanitarian airlift missions.
By the end of 1955, after overcoming the survival mode, the tactical wings in France settled into their operational missions with good facilities. All bases had identical standard NATO structures to reduce design costs. Three or four large hangars were constructed at every base finally eliminating outdoor winter maintenance. "Project Caravan" provided trailers for on-base family housing. Trailer camp sites were constructed by SCARWAF troops. Commodity credit housing and guaranteed rental income housing units, consisting of single and duplex family homes, were built near every main air base. Chateauroux air depot had a 410 unit apartment complex "Cite de Touvent" and a 507 housing unit "Cite Brassioux" for military and DAF civilian employees.
Navigation aids were gradually upgraded from on-base low power non-directional beacons to higher powered off base NDBs to improve ADF approaches. Mobile GCA units or RAPCONs were installed at main air bases to improve night and bad weather approaches. Aircraft losses in France were high due to bad winter weather, but by 1957 TACAN (Tactical Air Navigation) ground stations were installed, greatly improving flying safety.
A radio relay network was constructed to interconnect all USAFE facilities in France. It was operated and maintained by the 7th and 8th Radio Relay Squadrons. This intra-theater system connected France, Germany, and United Kingdom air bases and supplemented the frequently intermittent commercial telephone systems. The network used commercial microwave radio sets providing voice/teletype service. Microwave relay sets were installed at 49 off-base sites.
During the mid 50s the USAF began flying personnel to and from Europe replacing troop ships. In Paris, the 7113th Personnel Processing Sq was expanded to handle the military personnel rotating to and from the US through Paris and the Orly air terminal. Three hotels were leased in Paris for overnight quarters primarily for dependents.
The Chateauroux Air Depot was very busy throughout this period procuring supplies and parts, contracting services, and maintaining all USAF equipment. One of their unusual tasks was the support of new aircraft procurement. Two fighters, peculiar to NATO and not flown by the USAF, were purchased with MDAP funds: 221 North American F-86Ks and 225 Dassault Mystere IV-As. The F-86Ks were produced by Fiat in Italy and Chateauroux managed the US government furnished equipment they required. F-86K Sabre interceptors were supplied to France, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Turkey, and West Germany. The Mystere IV-A, produced by Dassault Aviation at Bordeaux, were only flown by French fighter squadrons as part of 4th ATAF (Allied Tactical Air Force). These aircraft programs helped develop NATO's aircraft manufacturing capacity.
In addition to its usual maintenance projects the Chateauroux depot established maintenance contracts with many European airlines and aircraft manufacturers. KLM, SABENA, Air France, Air Italia, SAS, CASA, Fiat, Fairy, SNCNF-Marseilles, and SNCASO-Toulouse provided IRAN (inspect and repair as necessary) services on USAFE & NATO aircraft. Contractor maintenance reduced the time and expense of returning aircraft to CONUS depots. Maintenance costs were lower in NATO countries than at US depots.
Another major economy was project "native son" which employed French workers as widely as possible on all bases to reduce AF personnel. USAFE carefully controlled and limited military manning after 1954.
There continued to be changes in base occupancy and aircraft conversions through 1956 and 1957. On 17 July 1956, the 50th Fighter Bomber Wing from Hahn AB, West Germany reopened Toul-Rosieres AB. In April 1957 the 317th Troop Carrier Wing transferred from Neubiberg AB, West Germany to Evreux to replace the 465th TCW which was then inactivated. The 388th FBW remained at Etain until it was abruptly redesignated the 49th Fighter Bomber Wing on 10 December 1957. Another airlift unit, the 309th TCG arrived from Sewart AFB, TN, to join the 60th TCW at Dreux on 1 June 1956. They flew their C-123Bs, providing logistical support to all USAFE bases until 10 August 1958, when they returned with their aircraft to Tennessee.
Finally in November 1957, Phalsbourg received its first flying unit, the 23rd Helicopter Sq, flying eighteen H-21Bs. These Workhorses provided typical helicopter airlift missions such as special air lift, administrative support, and emergency air evacuation. The 23rd was the only helicopter squadron in USAFE and had difficulties operating, because it was not allowed to fly at night in France and had insufficient manning to provide complete base/wing operations. The 23rd remained at Phalsbourg for a year until it was inactivated.
Two major forces: economic and political, combined in 1958 to suddenly reduce the USAF presence in France. The economic force was a greatly reduced USAF budget. The political force was Gen De Gaulle's pronouncement that all nuclear weapons and delivery aircraft had to be removed from French soil by July 1958. Since NATO strategy had evolved into "massive nuclear retaliation" this meant all tactical fighter wings had to depart France. USAFE implemented Project "Red Richard" the rapid relocation and inactivation of combat wings in France. These wings were either relocated to Germany or the United States and the bases reduced to standby status or returned to the French. The 21st TFW was inactivated at Chambley, 8 February 1958; the 60th TCW was inactivated at Dreux, 25 September 1958; and the 38th TBW was inactivated at Laon, 18 June 1958. The 49th TFW relocated from Etain to Spangdahlem, 25 August 1958. Chateauroux continued to be very busy since it was the only USAF depot in Europe. Expenses for approximately 9,000 military personnel were eliminated by "Red Richard."
All weather air defense of western Europe, long a concern of USAFE leaders, was upgraded by the addition of three more F-86D squadrons to the 86th Fighter Interceptor Wing. The 513th Fighter Interceptor Squadron occupied Phalsbourg from April 1958 to January 1961. Since the 513th was not nuclear capable it was exempt from De Gaulle's restriction, as was the 66th TRW which moved to Laon AB from Sembach, West Germany 10 July 1958.
All the efforts of USAFE commanders and troops in France could be considered wasted as 1959 ended, but only a few years later money and effort were again directed to manning and maintaining these bases.
Reactivation and Final Disengagement 1961 - 1967
In 1961 Berlin became a serious international problem, as Soviet Premier Khrushchev insisted on an East Germany peace settlement and elimination of the four Allied powers within the city. Berlin became a divided city. President Kennedy's response was to expand our conventional military power by mobilizing the Reserves. Forty Air Reserve Forces, flying squadrons and support units were activated for one year on 1 October 1961. During the next month, operation "Stair Step" dispatched 216 ANG fighters across the Atlantic to air bases in France.
The newly arrived activated ANG wings reopened Chaumont, Chambley, Dreux, Etain, Toul, and Phalsbourg. The 7108th Tactical Fighter Wing, supporting 141st TFSq operations, was based at Chaumont; the 7121st Tactical Fighter Wing and its 166th TFSq was assigned to Etain AB. The 7122nd Tactical Fighter Wing and the 163rd TFSq arrived at Chambley. Toul was reopened for the 7131st Tactical Fighter Wing and 110th TFSq. Dreux was occupied by the 7117th Tactical Reconnaissance Wing and its 106th TRSq flying RF-84Fs, but problems developed immediately. French air traffic controllers prevented jet flying from Dreux AB due to high density commercial air traffic in the Paris region. The 106th TRSq had to move to Chaumont to fly but USAFE insisted that the 7117th Wing continue to operate Dreux for airlift traffic. Phalsbourg became home to the 102nd Fighter Wing and its three fighter squadrons, the 101st, 131st, and 138th.
Concerns by the Kennedy administration with balance of payments "Gold Flow" limited this deployment. Consequently, the 102nd at Phalsbourg was the only complete wing moved to France. The other five had only partial wing headquarters, partial support squadrons and one flying squadron at their new air base; hence the 7000 designator indicating a partial wing.
Upon arrival in France the wings' missions consisted of theater flying training, command inspections, air-ground operation, gunnery training, photo missions, and alerts. Typical difficulties arose due to lack of aircraft/engine spare parts, special vehicles, shop equipment, and office equipment. Much equipment had been removed from the bases after 1958 to meet other USAFE needs, but the bases were in overall fair condition with minor repairs required to buildings and base utilities. Each Stair Step base required additional permanent construction to meet new 17th Air Force requirements which resulted in $3.5 million expenditure. Overall morale remained high during the eight months these units were in France and good US French relations developed in the small towns surrounding the air bases.
Our air bases in France were very convenient for this emergency deployment and eliminated vulnerable targets if these aircraft had been added to our air bases in West Germany. Also the four French DOBs were still available for our use if further aircraft dispersement became necessary.
Unfortunately, the Berlin Wall was completed through the city and a barbed wire fence plus mine fields extended the entire north-south length of a divided Germany. But the American, British, and French Zones still stood in Berlin and access to the city was maintained. It's possible that the sudden appearance of 170 tactical fighters with nuclear weapon delivery capability changed Krushchev's attitude toward his Berlin "settlement."
By April 1962 with the Berlin crisis subsiding, plans were being made for the departure of the ANG wings from France. Units were to return all personnel, equipment and aircraft back to CONUS for release from active duty by 1 September 1962. Six wings departed France in a timely manner; 130 aircraft made the return flight via the North Atlantic route during June. Plans were altered slightly by the USAF decision to create a new fighter wing by taking F-84Fs from three departing wings. The 366th Tactical Fighter Wing was activated on 8 May 1962 with two squadrons at Chaumont AB, one squadron at Chambley AB, and another at Etain AB. The 366th was the last USAFE tactical fighter wing based in France; it was able to continue operating until July 1963 since it had conventional weapons capability only.
Three partial wings were activated in France during 1965. On 1 July 1965, the 26th Tactical Reconnaissance Wing, flying factory new RF-4C "Phantoms," was activated at Toul AB with the 22nd and 32nd TRSq. The 25th Tactical Reconnaissance Wing was activated on 1 October 1965, flying RB-66B/C/E "Destroyers" at Chambley AB with two squadrons, the 19th and 42nd. The 19th TRSq had day and night photography tasking, while the 42nd TRSq flew tactical electronic warfare missions. The 513th Troop Carrier Wing was activated at Evreux 15 April 1965 and its C-130B squadrons were rotated TDY from CONUS.
After 15 years of bad and good times of USAFE basing in France, the end was decided by Gen Charles De Gaulle. On 7 March 1966, he announced that France would withdraw from NATO's military structure but not leave the political organization. He gave NATO forces one year (until 1 April 1967) to depart France. This was a giant undertaking for the US and resulted in "Project Freloc," Fast Relocation.
This eviction notice was a very serious setback for NATO defense strategy, but it came at a fortuitous time for the US. The expenses and manpower required to operate this force structure in France could be readily diverted into the expanding war in Southeast Asia. By 1966 only the Chateauroux depot, three tactical reconnaissance wings, and one partial troop carrier wing remained in France. Most of the main air bases were in standby status. No major construction projects had been approved since 1962. The 25th TRW was inactivated. Its RB-66s were returned to CONUS, and some aircrews sent directly to Vietnam. The 26th TRW relocated to Ramstein AB, West Germany. The 66th TRW moved to Upper Heyford, England, after eight years at Laon AB. The 513th Troop Carrier Wing moved to RAF Mildenhall, England, with minimum problems.
All NATO, US and RCAF facilities had to be abandoned and turned over to France. The cost of relocating NATO installations exceeded one billion dollars. HQ SHAPE at Fontainebleau had to be moved into completely new facilities at Mons and Brussels, Belgium. USAFE closed seven main operating air bases, one air depot, 70 smaller installations, and over 1,500 family housing units. 33,000 AF personnel and their dependents and 85,000 tons of equipment had to be relocated. Much of this equipment was later used in Europe or transferred to Southeast Asia. The greatest task was removal of property and supplies at the Chateauroux air depot. The Air Force Reserve, flying C-124s, provided extra airlift to remove all "high value" depot property to CONUS; especially aircraft engines, shop machinery, and test equipment. Vast quantities of supplies were moved from Chateauroux to England and West Germany.
The State Department, Department of Defense, and Air Force carefully managed the news about our departure from France, and the attendant problems of an integrated NATO air defense for western Europe and the decrease in tactical airpower. Negative comments by USAF personnel departing France were not permitted to be released. Relocation costs and lost infrastructure investments were never mentioned in press briefings. Fortunately for State and DOD, the media was focusing on Vietnam, so the removal of our forces from France went virtually unreported in the US. Finally on 23 October 1967, our flags were furled and after 17 years all US forces departed France.
Today most of the old USAF air bases in France are being used and are not accessible to tourists. The French Air Force is currently flying from Evreux, Toul, and the Sechault DOB. The French Army uses Chaumont, Etain, Laon, Phalsbourg, Chenevieres DOB and RCAF Grostenqiun. Chateauroux-Deols air depot complex is used as a regional airport. Portions of the old aircraft factory are used as a commercial aircraft overhaul facility. The adjacent large La Martinerie depot storage and administrative area is operated by the French Air Force. Dreux AB is not active but not abandoned and is secured; all buildings plus four large hangars are still standing. Brienne la Chateau DOB is a commercial business park; the airfield is used for sport aviation, an aviation museum and has a campground. Chalons-Vatry DOB renamed Vatry-Sommesous is being expanded into the largest air cargo terminal in Europe. Chambley AB and RCAF Marville are being developed into commercial business parks; many old buildings and hangars exist, and runways and aprons at these sites are usable.
Large hot air balloon contests have been held at Chambley over the past five years. Bordeaux-Merignac continues as a busy international airport for the Bordeaux region; a large new air cargo terminal is located in the old USAF area. No trace of the US air base remains at the airport. The Bordeaux-Bacalan port depot buildings are now commercial business sites and the old submarine pens may remain forever. The submarine pen structure was used as a maritime museum and is now being remodeled into a theater.
Please contact me for any further information by e-mail at retAFtrav@AOL.com. I wish to correspond with anyone having more information about our French bases and aircraft/base photos. A book on the "History of the USAF in France" is now in preparation.
This article appeared in the Friends Journal, Volume 24, No. 4, published by the Air Force Museum Foundation. It is published here with permission of the author -- Lt. Col. Jerome (Jerry) J. McAuliffe, USAF Ret.; 2522 Cowley Way; San Diego CA 92110-1135; Phone/Fax 619-275-0229. | <urn:uuid:110f59b4-04ab-48f8-9fea-6d0bcae3a910> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://edmerck.tripod.com/history/francebases.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00339-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976292 | 6,605 | 2.765625 | 3 |
This book illuminates the complexity of the relationship between disaster and development; it opens with an assessment of the scope of contemporary disaster and development studies, highlighting the rationale for looking at the two issues as part of the same topic. The second and third chapters detail development perspectives of disaster, and the influence of disaster on development. The fourth chapter exemplifies how human health is both a cause and consequence of disaster and development and the following chapter illustrates some of the learning and planning processes in disaster and development oriented practice. Early warning, risk management, mitigation, response and recovery actions provide the focus for the fifth and sixth chapters. The final chapter indicates some of the likely future contribution and challenges of combined disaster and development approaches. With an emphasis on putting people at the centre of disaster and development, the book avoids confronting readers with 'no hope' representations, instead highlighting disaster reduction opportunities.
The book is aligned with concepts in this research project, with direct reference to it in Chapter 4.
Collins, A.E. Disaster and development. Routledge Perspectives on Development Series, Taylor & Francis Group, UK (2009) 304 pp. ISBN 978-0-415-42667-1 | <urn:uuid:5ff67355-8839-4cf1-a581-7df52685177d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.gov.uk/dfid-research-outputs/disaster-and-development | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00300-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.912228 | 238 | 2.578125 | 3 |
‘Hands-Free Law’ Enforcement Officially Underway, And You Won’t Believe What Happened On This Stop
As of today (August 1), it is illegal to use your cell phone with your hands while operating a vehicle. The so-called "hands-free law" encourages drivers not to use their phones while driving, but does allow for hands-free use for making calls, navigation, and music.
As part of this new law, having your phone in your hand while driving is now an offense you can be pulled over for, and officers around the state are enforcing the new law. One of the first stories we're hearing about a traffic stop for breaking the hands-free law is one that is so full of irony, it's hard to believe.
The Eagan Police shared that they pulled a driver over today for texting and driving, texting a friend about the new texting and driving law. Good for her for trying to let her friend know, but it's a bad look to do the thing you shouldn't be doing to let someone else know they shouldn't do it.
With the new law, "one-touch activation" or voice interaction with your phone is permitted, but other use of your phone, whether talking on the phone, texting, or doing anything else, is prohibited by the new law. For people with older cars that don't have bluetooth built in, aftermarket products are recommended to talk on the phone, or even using an earpiece with a microphone. While earbuds might be a good solution, authorities do warn that using earbuds or headphones obstructing both ears is illegal as well. So, use one earpiece only.
While the first offense ticket is $50, it also comes with associated court fees that raise that total amount you'd owe to more than that. Subsequent violations could result in a $275 ticket, plus fees. Also worth noting is that violations of this law are considered moving violations, and could result in loss of your driver's license.
All of that said, just put the phone down while you're driving. Even if you're just trying to let a friend know not to text and drive. | <urn:uuid:7a8a1574-bf20-44c7-bdf9-9908b5edc0b8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mix108.com/hands-free-law-enforcement-officially-underway-and-you-wont-believe-what-happened-on-this-stop/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00679.warc.gz | en | 0.971765 | 449 | 1.921875 | 2 |
The following from back of the Wheaties Box
| || |
|Bill Russell |
|Birthdate: ||2/12/1934 |
|Height / Weight: ||6' 9" / 215 lbs. |
|Position: ||C |
|College: ||San Francisco |
"The beauty of winning a championship is that there can be no longer a debate as to who the winner is. And when it came to winning, nobody did it better than William Felton Russell. The centerpiece of the Boston Celtics, Russell led the Celtics to 11 NBA titles in 13 seasons. His reputation as the ultimate winner was established at the University of San Francisco, leading the Dons to back-to-back titles along with a gold medal at the 1956 Melbourne summer games.
Bill Russell redifined the sport, demonstrating how basketball can be won on the defensive end of the court. For a player who valued the team above everything, there is no overlooking the individual accolades - five NBA MVP Awards, 12 NBA All-Star selections, one of the 50 greatest players in NBA History and election into the Naismith Memorial BAsketball Hall of Fame.
Wheaties proudly salutes NBA legend Bill Russell, the champion of champions." | <urn:uuid:91c1f017-8abb-4f78-b45a-5bfbcb5bae54> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.basketballhistorian.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281450.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00182-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.923828 | 256 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Michigan has established itself as a wine destination, and Michigan State University has played a pivotal role in all aspects of the industry’s growth.
As Michigan’s leaves hit peak color, residents and tourists alike travel the state snapping photos of blazing trees and visiting the growing number of vineyards. Today, Michigan is ranked as the nation’s fourth-largest grape producer with a burgeoning industry of wine-grape growers and vineyards. But back in the 1970s, the majority of the state’s vineyards were dedicated to juice-grape production.
That changed when G. Stanley Howell, MSU professor emeritus of horticulture, conducted successful trials with French/American hybrids and vinifera grapes and identified varieties that could thrive in Michigan’s cold climate. According to an article in Vineyard and Winery Management, his work fueled the growth of Michigan’s wine industry and in establishing MSU as a viticulture research institution.
With assistance from MSU, the state’s wine industry:
- has seen wine grape growth increase by 500 percent since 1973.
- now comprises 14,600 acres of vineyards, 2,000 of which are dedicated to wine.
- has grown from less than 10 to 86 wineries, producing more than 1 million gallons of wine each year.
- sees 800,000 visitors annually.
- contributes $300 million to Michigan’s economy.
- increased the varieties grown in Michigan, including riesling, pinot noir, chardonnay, pinot blanc, cabernet franc, merlot, chardonel and more.
It was MSU’s reputation that enticed Paolo Sabbatini, MSU assistant professor of viticulture, to leave Italy and come to Michigan to study. He has moved from student to teacher, and is now the statewide research and extension viticulturist. He evaluates vine physiology under cool-climate conditions, environmental and cultural factors that limit vine growth, vine yield, canopy management and grape varieties.
Educating future viticulturists
Another way Sabbatini and MSU are helping fuel the industry’s growth is by educating future viticulturists. Through the horticulture department and MSU Extension, students gain classroom and field experience in the literal sense. A typical day during the fall harvest or the winter pruning involves driving to MSU’s vineyards in southwest or northwest Michigan – rain, snow or sun – and spending the day snipping clusters of grapes or trimming vines, respectively.
The work isn’t over when the bell rings, either; it’s when the fieldwork is complete. In fact, it’s these days that demonstrate students’ commitment to viticulture, Sabbatini said.
“There’s a romantic notion about being a wine connoisseur that draws some people to viticulture,” he said. “So I invite them to work the harvest, which can be 12-hour days. If they come after the first day, then I know that they are serious, and they want to be part of the program.”
Working outdoors and helping cultivate an important crop for his home state is what drew Jake Emling, an undergraduate student from Gladstone, to the program. His studies have allowed him to intern at Old Mission Peninsula’s Chateau Chantal as well as travel to southern France to learn more about plant physiology.
“I’ve always wanted to work in plant science, but I didn’t want to spend the majority of my time in a lab and sitting at a bench,” he said. “Growing up in the U.P., I was always outside. I got bitten by the wine bug at Michigan State, and the viticulture program allows me to exercise my science background but work hard outside.”
To learn more about MSU’s viticulture program, visit www.hrt.msu.edu/viticulture. To learn more about Michigan’s wine industry, visit the Michigan Grape and Wine Industry Council at www.michiganwines.com.
Sabbatini’s work is supported by MSU AgBioResearch. | <urn:uuid:6bd0c8c4-ac10-4bb3-9e7f-3d641d94de64> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.westernfarmpress.com/grapes/michigan-morphs-wine-mecca?page=2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00363-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95145 | 890 | 2.125 | 2 |
Last Updated on November 1, 2021
Spooky Fun Healthy Halloween Snacks
Can Halloween be fun with healthy Halloween snacks? What is a “healthy” Halloween treat even? Don't get me wrong, I have a HUGE sweet tooth! I can't resist candy corn or caramel apple pops; two serious weaknesses of mine. I spoil my kids in the month of October with lots of sweets, but we all know that overloading on sugar obviously isn't healthy. It also changes our tastebuds, leaving nutritious food not as appealing.
I've found that the trick to getting my kids to eat healthier options is to just make it FUN! That's what Halloween is all about, right? It's amazing how I can get my kids to eat things they wouldn't otherwise touch with just a few clever ways of preparing and putting it together. Here are some really creative non-candy Halloween snack ideas to get you inspired!
1. Mummy Toast
With few clever placements of sliced cheese and olives, turn a plain piece of toast or pizza into a creepy little mummy snack!
2. Pizza Fingers
My family's favorite dinner: PIZZA! Slice it nice and thin and place a triangular-shaped piece of red bell pepper on the ends to form ugly but tasty fingers.
3. “Candy Corn” Veggie Platter
This arrangement will make the kids forget they're eating something healthy! It's also very colorful and festive on a party table. Serve it with a side of ranch, hummus, or your favorite veggie dip. Not only is the candy corn veggie tray cute but check out that pumpkin filled with hummus! I just can't get over how cute these healthy Halloween snacks look together side by side.
4. “Boo”Nana Pops
Although this is made with white chocolate (only half an ounce each pop), it's much healthier than candy, and certainly, a frozen Halloween snack that the kids will love! They will also enjoy being your little kitchen assistant on this one.
5. Spooky Fruit Spider Snack
This actually IS scary! Although it's just made with fruit, I can't help but think it's going to start crawling around on that plate. And, the edible eyeballs are the icing on the cake.
6. Spider Web Pizza
How creative! Not enough cheese for me, but I'm a cheese maniac (I'd douse mine in a bottle of parmesan). I love the spider detail with the black olive, too.
7. Cheesy Witch Brooms
These edible witch brooms are just perfect packed away in a school lunch or displayed on a party platter. Use kitchen scissors to slice the bottom half of a cheese slice, wrap it around a pretzel stick, and then use a fresh chive as a string to hold it in place. So easy!
8. Banana Ghosts
It doesn't get much easier than this! Surprise the kiddos with this for breakfast or as an after-school snack.
9. Spider Crackers
These little cracker spiders would be a hit for a school party! Peanut butter sounds better to me as the stuffing, but cream cheese is more allergy-friendly–maybe make a few of both?
10. Spiderweb Nacho Spread
The BEST Halloween party dip! Who doesn't love a bunch of yummy layers topped with a sour cream spider web?? Serve this party dish with a side of tortilla chips and you're set.
More Healthy Halloween Snacks!
11. Jack o' Lantern Hummus Plate
This Halloween-inspired party dish is made with a roasted red pepper hummus (for the orange hue), and black beans or olives for the jack o' lantern face. Serve it with crackers, chips, or veggies! I would use a celery stick for the stem, too.
12. Clementine Pumpkins Healthy Halloween Treat
It's amazing how such a small detail can turn an ordinary clementine into such a fun Halloween snack for kids! It will also dress up a fruit tray quite nicely.
13. Mini Spider Sandwiches
School lunch just isn't complete without these mini spider sandwiches! Surprise the kids on Halloween with a creative and fun version of their favorite sandwich.
14. Cheese Pumpkins
Form soft cheese into balls, and then carve out the pumpkin lines with a toothpick. Now, insert a pretzel as the stem and enjoy with your favorite crackers! You could even do a larger version of this with your favorite soft cheese dip.
15. Octopus Hot Dogs
Our eight-legged friend here is easy to make and the kids really get a kick out of them! Use a bit of ketchup or mustard to make eyes.
16. Salty Bones
Easier than it looks! These salty bones can be made with refrigerated bread stick dough. Just slit them a bit on each end, and then fold the flaps to look like the end of a bone, bake, and serve them with a bowl of warm soup!
17. Popcorn Witch's Hand
These are perfect little Halloween party favors! Fill a non-latex glove with popcorn and something in each finger to resemble the nails (raisins, candy corn, almonds), tie off the end, and maybe even accessorize with a plastic spider ring. Easy and fun!
18. Apple Monster
This apple monster is just begging to be eaten! I love how the almond slivers make for such gnarly teeth. You could even place a bit of peanut butter in the mouth or use another piece of apple to make a tongue.
19. Olive Snake
This slithering olive snake is the perfect addition to your favorite cheese or hummus dip. Add little cheese eyes and a carrot tongue to really get the full effect. You could also serve this alongside a salad or on a snack plate for the kids. Here's a link to candy eyes to make your snake life-like.
20. Hot Dog Mummies
Pigs in a blanket, Halloween style! What a fun party idea or after school snack for the kids. Bonus: these hot dog mummies are so easy to make and take very little time.
21. Jack o' Lantern Orange Packets
If you're looking for something easy and healthy to take to a school party, this is it! The mandarin oranges are already packaged for easy transport, now all you have to do is draw on jack o' lantern faces with a Sharpie. You could also draw other Halloween characters (bats, black birds, Frankenstein, etc.), or write the word “Boo!”.
22. Celery Mummies
Garden vegetable cream cheese and deli meat make up these cute celery mummies! It's easiest to pipe the cream cheese on for a cleaner look, and then cut your deli meat into small strips and place them in a criss-cross pattern. Then, use raisins or dried cranberries for the eyes.
23. Goblin Grins
These goblin grins are a nice addition to a vegetable tray! You could also use them on a snack plate and use other veggies for the eyes and nose. Cute!
24. Cheese Eyeballs
Everyone loves those yummy little Babybel cheese rounds, and they just happen to be perfect for making edible eyeballs. The kids are in for a surprise when they open up their school lunch and see what's waiting for them!
25. “Candy Corn” Fruit Cup
It's all about the presentation! Stack pineapple, orange slices, and whipped cream or yogurt to create a healthier take on candy corn.
26. Ghost Cheese
Another creative cheese idea for Halloween! These octopus ghosts are pretty easy to pull off considering the string cheese is made to be easily strung and taken apart. Ultimately, add them to a snack plate with crackers and fruit, and the kids are sure to love them!
27. Stuffed Roaches
Ewww! Well, wait. They're just dates stuffed with cream cheese. Yum! If you're serving at a party, be sure to make a little sign that says “Stuffed Roaches” to make sure everyone is grossed out.
28. Hot Dog Fingers
Those little knuckle slices are just enough to make these hot dog fingers repulsive enough for Halloween! Garnish them with ketchup to resemble blood, and an onion slice for the yucky nail.
29. Veggie Skeleton
This vegetable skeleton covers just about every veggie you could ever want on a veggie tray! I love how the head is the dip bowl, too.
30. Eerie Eyeballs
Stack different-sized dried fruit to make these sweet but nutritious eerie eyeballs for Halloween!
Keep scrolling for more healthy Halloween snack ideas!
31. Halloween Deviled Eggs
Deviled eggs have always been my favorite snack to bring to a party, although mine are usually pretty boring. Get creative with them this Halloween by topping them with an olive spider or eyeball, or how about those little “pumpkins” with the chive stem?! For more inspiration, check out these 8 creative deviled egg ideas and recipes.
32. Eye-Popping Soup
Bite-size mozzarella balls and pimiento-stuffed green olives are just right for floating eyeballs in your soup. And, check out the olive bug crawling on the side of the bowl. How creepy!
33. Spooky Cheese Pops
You put anything on a stick, and my kids will eat it up like it's candy. Babybel cheese is so much fun to eat AND decorate, kind of like these spooky cheese pops for Halloween!
34. Edible Eyeballs
Edible and healthy Halloween snacks! Carrots, cream cheese, and sliced black olives make up these fun edible eyeballs for Halloween.
35. Jack o' Lantern Cuties
Let the kids have fun decorating the peel of their own cutie, and then have all of the fun eating them, too! Or, surprise them with one in their lunchbox.
36. Stuffed Jack o' Lantern Peppers
Stuffed peppers are one of my new favorite healthy dinner options. Make a few cuts in the face to resemble a jack o' lantern, and the kids will love them just as much as you! Get the recipe and instructions here.
37. Hot Dog Caterpillar
Hot dogs, AGAIN! No wonder kids love these things. They're so versatile and fun to make cute food creations with. This caterpillar is a cute after-school snack, or alongside dinner just to make it a little more festive.
38. Caterpillar Grape Kabobs
While we are on our caterpillar kick, here is my favorite way to serve grapes! They're perfect for a party or as a Halloween snack for the kids.
39. Jack o' Lantern Snack Plate
Make the kids' snack plate that much more fun with just a few creative arrangements! For instance, think jack o lanterns, witches hats, scarecrows, ghosts and more!
40. Cheese Creatures
Get creative with those cookie cutters and use them for things other than cookies!
41. Carrot Fingers
A creepy carrot hand sticking out of your cheese dip is the perfect way to dress it up for a healthy Halloween treat! By all means, you will want to serve it with more carrots, veggies, and crackers or your hand will disappear!
42. “Candy Corn” Pizza
No candy here, folks. But check out how easy it is to make a candy corn-themed pizza! Just rim the edges with cheddar and bake!
43. Bloody Band-Aids
No actual blood here, but the simple use of graham crackers, cream cheese, and strawberry jelly is enough to put you in the Halloween spirit!
44. Spiders On A Log
Self-explanatory, really. Little plastic spiders will make any healthy Halloween snack or treat frightening! Plus, you could use black olives to make edible spiders.
45. Breakfast Ghost
The Halloween breakfast of champions! The clever use of bananas and Cheerios makes breakfast so much more fun and festive.
46. Jack o' Lantern Carrot Platter
This pumpkin veggie tray has it all! The eyes and nose are used for the dip, and broccoli for the stem. Just arrange it on a large round platter for a Halloween party.
47. Apple Smiles
I've been doing these apple smiles for some time now, and the kids LOVE them! They're just as fun to make as they are to eat. Use peanut butter as your glue to hold the mini marshmallows in place. You can make quite a few of these from just one apple.
48. Haunted Pizza
A ghost-shaped cookie cutter will do the trick! The cheese tends to melt and turn into a big blob if baked too long, so bake your pizza first, and then add your cheese 5 minutes before it's done. Then, use pieces of olives or capers for your eyes.
49. Tombstone Sandwiches
Turn their favorite sandwich into a tombstone! You can get two of these out of one sandwich (depending on the size of your bread). First, make your sandwich. Then, just cut them to shape with a knife, perhaps using a round cookie cutter as your guide for the top. Finally, place black paste food coloring, ketchup, jelly or mustard in a plastic sandwich bag and cut a very small piece off of one of the corners to use as a piping bag to write your heading.
50. Apple Bites
If you or your family likes apples with peanut butter, this is for you! The slivered almonds make them look just like little monster mouths! A perfect little healthy Halloween snack that the kids will love.
51. Lil' Cucumber Monsters
Let the kids get creative and build their own little edible monsters made out of cucumber disks. Hummus or cream cheese makes for the perfect glue to hold it all together.
52. Carrot Patch Hummus
Slice carrots into disks, slide them on toothpicks with a piece of parsley (for the “pumpkin stem”), and serve them with your favorite hummus dip. Additionally, you could lay these on a plate with a bowl of ranch for dip or add them to the kids' lunchbox as a healthy side.
53. Puking Monster Melon
Out of all of the creative watermelon displays I've seen, this one is my favorite for Halloween. It's actually pretty manageable, too. The only carving required is the monster mouth. Use the watermelon and other fruit to fill and let spill out of its mouth for display.
54. Cottage Cheese Ghost
A cute Halloween snack, especially for the really little ones! Use cottage cheese as your paint and a plate for the canvas. Perfect for a ghost!
55. Jack O' Lantern Fruit Bowl
Just like the veggie jack o' lantern tray, you can also do this with fruit. I love how this one is placed in a bowl with orange slices, apple wedges, grapes, and a green apple for the stem.
56. Frankenstein Veggie Platter
With all of the candy being passed around, a veggie platter really is a nice change. Make it fun and the kids will love AND eat it!
57. Zombie Eyeballs
Sometimes all you need is a sign! There's nothing special about these grapes, but the “Zombie Eyeballs” sign makes them seem disgusting! Perfect for a Halloween party table.
58. Sand”Witch” With A Celery Broom
By now you've probably seen the cheesy witch brooms, but you can also do this with celery. Just cut up the ends a bit and serve with peanut butter for dip, or perhaps along side this enchanting grilled cheese sandwich.
59. Owl Crackers
How cute for any Fall party or after school snack! Crackers, cream cheese, raisins, and almonds; all stacked together to create these adorable owl crackers.
60. Edible Eyeballs
Add edible eyeballs to just about anything to create fun snacks for Halloween! Or, you can use smaller candy eyes from Amazon. They can also be purchased from craft and hobby stores and some supermarkets. If you are so inclined, you can also make your own with royal icing and black food coloring.
61. Fruity Pumpkin Afro
What a unique way to display fruit kabobs for a party! Just stick your skewers right into the top of a pumpkin. Certainly, this could be the party table centerpiece! This is a favorite healthy Halloween treat because it looks so great on the table plus it takes amazing!
62. Pumpkin Granola
Now, THIS is my kind of Fall treat! You could eat this for breakfast with fresh fruit, or use it top yogurt or vanilla ice cream. In any event, make a large batch and pack it away in jars to give away as gifts, too.
63. Fruity Eyeballs Healthy Halloween Snacks
Green grapes and blueberries make for the perfect monster eyeballs! What a healthy Halloween treat this is! I like the idea of freezing them for punch, but you could also use them as an ice replacement in the kids' drinks.
64. Spider Cheese Balls
Cover your favorite cheese ball recipe with a black olive diced up to look like a creepy little spider. You can place the cheese on a carrot disk, cucumber disk, or cracker round. I love this idea because they make great finger food appetizers!
65. Pizza Skulls
How awesome are these?! You really can't go wrong with pizza for Halloween, especially when it's in the form of a skull and stuffed with cheesy goodness. In fact, check out the recipe and instructions over at Hungry Happenings! Here is a skeleton pan from Amazon.
You thought we were done? Here are a few more healthy Halloween snack ideas
66. Halloween Quesadilla
This Halloween Quesadilla is super easy to make, and you can make them so much fun! The kids can even help carve faces into the tortillas and make them look like Jack-o-lanterns. Create your very own healthy scary or spooky-faced Halloween Quesadilla. Get the step-by-step instructions at One Little Project.
67. Chocolate Bat Energy Bites
68. Halloween Roasted Veggies
These sweet potato jack-o-lanterns, beetroot witch’s hats, and spooky potato ghosts. Halloween Roasted Veggies are a healthy Halloween treat or dinner side. Maybe your picky eater will even give these a try! Head over to Live Eat Learn for the details!
69. Cinnamon Sugar Flour Tortilla Crisps
This easy Halloween treat is too good not to share! Cinnamon sugar crisps made with flour tortillas, cinnamon, sugar, and butter. You've got to try them with Fruit salsa for an extra special treat. (see number #70 below) Use a bat or ghost cookie cutter, the choice is yours! This easy recipe can be used any time of the year.
70. Easy Fruit Salsa Healthy Halloween Treat
Anything red around Halloween can be super creepy. This loaded fresh fruit and berry salsa is the perfect pairing with the cinnamon sugar tortilla crisp bats! (see healthy Halloween treat #69) This easy fresh fruit salsa recipe is a crowd-pleaser. Everyone will want the recipe! You can customize it to your liking as well. I've made it with mangos, kiwis, and diced peaches. Get this bloody, oops I mean yummy… recipe at Spend With Pennies.
Here are some other Halloween Ideas you might be interested in. | <urn:uuid:07b30ead-885f-48f8-b7af-e8e8e87036fb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://listotic.com/64-non-candy-halloween-snack-ideas/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.920315 | 4,139 | 1.757813 | 2 |
In the fast changing world, the challenge for people especially who are in the business sector is how to make their business known to people. They are using different strategies on how to promote their product and servicers and to have an edge with their competitors. It is not easy to promote your business especially when you do not have enough fund and sources.
Today, technology made it easy to promote products and services in order for the people to be familiar of what you are offering. One of the many ways that could help is using a website. There are many ways to create a website to satisfy the clients need depending on the skills of the one who would make it.
Website: why should you choose? Here are some of the many reasons on why you need to count on website and how to create a website:
Money-saver. Using website will decrease the budget allotted for promoting business because you can avoid the use of papers and other printing materials that is costly. Money will be saved for your other expenses and can be used other important purposes.
Easy access. Many people are using multimedia to communicate with other people in and out of the country. Using website will help your business known in just a click. People will have an easy access on what you are offering with no hassle and less time to consume.
Information provider. People of this generation are more conscious on what is happening and what the trends are. They seek for information that could answer their questions. Website provides not only one information but also sets of information that is timely and reliable that would make the clients satisfied.
Work can be done at home. People who have busy schedule do not have time for their families at home. Website is suited for them because work can be done at home as long as you have an internet connection. Through this, you would be able to have more time bonding with the family that is needed to have strong family ties.
Freedom at all times. It means that you are the one who will decide without compromising others. Here, you are the boss of your business who owns all the time in the world.
Get feedbacks. Since website is for all, there is an assurance that people will tend to visit your site. They would be able to give their comments about your products or services for you to have an idea if they are satisfied if not, you would have the chance to improve for satisfactory guaranteed.
There are many ways to become successful. It only depends on your own skills and abilities to beat the competitors. Creating a website will help you to be more organize so that clients will be able to get the right information with satisfaction from you. They would not hesitate to revisit your site because they know that you offer what is the best for them. | <urn:uuid:ca4bb5a2-00fe-4f19-90ee-ef2e15519d14> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.simbla.com/how_to_create_a_website10 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.980276 | 555 | 1.671875 | 2 |
Passing on a waterfowl hunting tradition
DWR's Northern Region supervisor shares stories of hunting with his kids.
I GREW UP HUNTING and fishing with my father and his friends. One of my most memorable experiences as a kid is riding in an airboat to our secret waterfowl hunting blind. I still remember the feeling of the crisp October wind in my face as our airboat captain navigated through the marsh.
I started going out with my dad when I was five years old, but didn’t get a chance to shoulder my first shotgun until I turned 12. And even then, I had to compete with the other more experienced hunters.
Now, the rules have all changed. There is no longer a minimum age to hunt, as long as the certified hunter education class is completed successfully. Also, Utah now has a youth waterfowl day dedicated to hunters 15 years or younger. This special day allows adults to mentor young hunters, one on one.
As a dad with young kids, I took advantage of this opportunity every year. I introduced my daughter and son to their first waterfowl hunt during Utah’s special youth waterfowl day.
Before I took my kids to the field as licensed hunters, we talked about gun safety and practiced with clay targets. I wanted to make sure they were comfortable handling a shotgun. The next step was to work on obtaining the proper equipment beyond a shotgun. I was fortunate enough to have some leftover gear that survived my early days of hunting. Over time, we purchased other small items, like warm hats, gloves, coats and waders.
The last step was to do a little scouting and select a place to hunt. Really, that was the easy part. There are many opportunities on our state waterfowl management areas, federal refuges and unmanaged public marshes.
I remember one youth hunt vividly. My daughter and son were both eligible to participate. There was a drizzling rain that early September morning when dad (grandpa), daughter, son and I headed out to the marsh.
We loaded the boat with decoys, hunting gear and the dog. After finding the perfect spot, we checked the wind direction and then set the decoys up in a way that would bring ducks close to the blind: a horseshoe pattern. The landing zone—or open cup of the horseshoe—was located directly in front of the blind. Once we settled into the blind, ducks from all directions zipped in and out of our decoy spread.
In spite of the cold weather, I could sense the enthusiasm from my son, daughter and our dog Inca. It was quite a show. We didn’t have to wait long before the hunt officially opened, but we were constantly checking our watches because clouds covered the sun.
My daughter took the first shot—a clean miss. My son joined in and blew three holes into the sky. Wrapped up in all the excitement, I could tell they had forgotten some of the lessons taught during clay target shooting. Shoulder the gun, keep your cheek to the stalk and always keep swinging.
After a few minutes reviewing shotgunning principles, they started taking turns, focusing on one bird at a time, and swinging through after the shot. It was amazing. They both started hitting birds and making some impressive shots.
I don’t recall if they got their limits that day. That wasn’t important to me. What mattered was seeing their excitement.
My daughter is now a sophomore in college and my son is a senior in high school. He’s still dad’s hunting buddy, but other activities like sports and friends tend to complicate matters.
Last December, my daughter called me from school and asked if I would take her and a friend (as an observer) duck hunting over Christmas break. I said yes without hesitation. She hasn’t hunted much since 16, but she still remembers the fun of those special youth hunts. For her, it’s the memories that stir the passion. If it wasn’t for her early exposure to duck hunting, I doubt she would have any interest at all today. I’m looking forward to that trip, and many more. | <urn:uuid:f8eb20b2-c47b-419d-8325-3040e3171ea9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://wildlife.utah.gov/blog/2012/passing-on-a-waterfowl-hunting-tradition/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00194-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.979329 | 873 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Three-quarters of young adult women who visit indoor tanning salons support stronger restrictions on their use, including minimum age requirements; however, most do not support a total ban, a study published in Translational Behavioral medicine: Practice, Policy, Research has shown.1
Skin cancer is the most common malignancy in the United States, with more 3.5 million new cases diagnosed each year. Most skin cancers are preventable by limiting exposure to ultraviolet radiation — both natural and man-made. Use of indoor tanning beds account for an estimated 10% of all US skin cancer cases annually.
More than 40 US states implemented stricter regulations for indoor tanning facility use, especially for minors, by 2015. The US FDA reclassified tanning devices as moderate to high-risk medical devices, and issued new regulations for the health warnings placed on the tanning devices.
A study led by Darren Mays, PhD, MPH, of Georgetown University Medical Center sought to assess public support for these and other measures to limit exposure to ultraviolet radiation from indoor tanning devices and better educate the public about the health risks associated with their use. For the study, researchers evaluated the responses to a confidential online survey completed by 356 non-Hispanic women in Washington, DC.
The respondents were age 18 to 30 years and had used an indoor tanning device at least once in the last 12 months. Survey questions asked about respondents’ attitudes, perceptions and beliefs toward the practice, and frequency of use. In addition, the survey asked how the respondent felt about proposed new policies for regulating the industry.
Three of every 4 respondents (74%) supported age restrictions to prevent children younger than 18 years from using the devices. Support for placing stronger health warnings on the devices themselves was also high, with 77.6% reportedly in favor. However, only 1 in 10 respondents supported a complete ban on indoor tanning.
“Given the low levels of support for a total indoor tanning ban, support for other potential policies such as increasing the minimum age to 21 should be investigated to inform future steps to reduce indoor tanning and the associated health risks,” commented Mays.
1. Mays D, Murphy SE, Bubly, R, Atkins MB, Tercyak KP. Support for indoor tanning policies among young adult women who indoor tan. Transl Behav Med. 2016 Aug 5. doi: 10.1007/s13142-016-0432-6. [Epub ahead of print] | <urn:uuid:0994b254-ae3b-4a79-b570-6c1fd88019e9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.oncologynurseadvisor.com/home/cancer-types/skin-cancer/users-support-indoor-tanning-device-age-restrictions-stronger-health-warnings-but-not-total-ban/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.924768 | 514 | 2.625 | 3 |
Washington, DC – U.S. Senator Dianne Feinstein (D-Calif.), chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee, issued the following statement today following the Senate’s ratification of the New START Treaty:
“This is an historic moment. New START is the biggest arms control treaty in 20 years, and the most important foreign policy action the Senate will take this Congress. It is absolutely the right thing to do -- it is important to our national security and our nuclear nonproliferation efforts, and it is critical to upholding America’s place in the world community.
Under this treaty our nuclear warheads are reduced to 1550 – a 30 percent reduction in warheads over seven years – and launch vehicles are reduced to 800 deployed and non-deployed. The real importance of New START comes from the monitoring provisions, the confidence building measures, and the strengthened relationship between two of the world’s major powers.
We have not had inspectors at Russian nuclear facilities for 13 months, or data exchanges on the size and deployment of Russian forces. Russia has had the freedom to block our national technical means to monitor their forces.
With this Treaty, we will benefit from these measures and others. This Treaty greatly strengthens our Intelligence Community’s ability to monitor and assess Russian strategic forces.
With the ratification of this Treaty, the Senate also makes clear that the United States is willing and able to make good on its foreign policy promises and to act in the best interests of our country and of the world.
The ratification also maintains and will build upon the improving relationship between our two countries and our two young presidents. And following ratification in the Russian Duma, the United States and Russia will begin the next round of arms control and transparency.
We’ve enjoyed strong cooperation with Russia this year, over Afghanistan, over Iran, and over the tense situation on the Korean Peninsula. In a world of asymmetric threats, we need friends and allies more than ever. This Treaty moves us in this direction – with Russia, the Eastern European nations and our other allies strongly in support of the Treaty.” | <urn:uuid:ffcc44be-7626-4e80-91bd-105cfecf84dc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.feinstein.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2010/12/148059ca-5056-8059-7649-595f1d3f316b-post | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.93784 | 432 | 1.75 | 2 |
Troy, N.Y. Proteins are critically important to life and the human body. They are also among the most complex molecules in nature, and there is much we still don't know or understand about them.
One key challenge is the stability of enzymes, a particular type of protein that speeds up, or catalyzes, chemical reactions. Taken out of their natural environment in the cell or body, enzymes can quickly lose their shape and denature. Everyday examples of enzymes denaturing include milk going sour, or eggs turning solid when boiled.
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Professor Marc-Olivier Coppens has developed a new technique for boosting the stability of enzymes, making them useful under a much broader range of conditions. Coppens confined lysozyme and other enzymes inside carefully engineered nanoscale holes, or nanopores. Instead of denaturing, these embedded enzymes mostly retained their 3-D structure and exhibited a significant increase in activity.
"Normally, when you put an enzyme on a surface, its activity goes down. But in this study, we discovered that when we put enzymes in nanopores a highly controlled environment the enzymatic activity goes up dramatically," said Coppens, a professor in the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering at Rensselaer. "The enzymatic activity turns out to be very dependent on the local environment. This is very exciting."
Results of the study are detailed in the paper, "Effects of surface curvature and surface chemistry on the structure and activity of proteins adsorbed in nanopores," published last month by the journal Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. The paper may be viewed online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C0CP02273J
Researchers at Rensselaer and elsewhere have made important discoveries by wrapping enzymes and other proteins around nanomaterials. While this immobilizes the enzyme and often results in high stability and novel properties, the enzyme's activity decreases as it loses its natural 3-D structure.
Coppens took a different approach, and inserted enzymes inside nanopores. Measuring only 3-4 nanometers (nm) in size, the enzyme lysozyme fits snugly into a nanoporous material with well-controlled pore size between 5 nm and 12 nm. Confined to this compact space, the enzymes have a much harder time unfolding or wiggling around, Coppens said.
The discovery raises many questions and opens up entirely new possibilities related to biology, chemistry, medicine, and nanoengineering, Coppens said. He envisions this technology could be adapted to better control nanoscale environments, as well as increase the activity and selectivity of different enzymes. Looking forward, Coppens and colleagues will employ molecular simulations, multiscale modeling methods, and physical experiments to better understand the fundamental mechanics of confining enzymes inside nanopores.
|Contact: Michael Mullaney|
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute | <urn:uuid:82e855b1-4a47-4d60-a176-100272eab33e> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.bio-medicine.org/biology-news-1/Nano-fit-ness-3A-Helping-enzymes-stay-active-and-keep-in-shape-18694-1/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718278.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00241-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.936033 | 610 | 3.84375 | 4 |
Coup D'Oeil: Strategic Intuition in Army Planning
Authored by Dr. William Duggan.
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Dr. William Duggan shows how to reconcile analytical and intuitive methods of decisionmaking, by drawing on recent scientific research that brings the two together. He applies this new research to the Army's core methods of analytical decisionmaking as found in FM 5-0, Army Planning and Orders Production. The result is "strategic intuition," which bears remarkable resemblance to von Clausewitz's idea of coup d'oeil in his classic work, On War. Dr. Duggan's study provides a theoretical overview of strategic intuition and practical suggestions for amending FM 5-0 to take it into account.
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- All materials on our website are available as a free download. | <urn:uuid:ce790997-9ae3-4438-995f-8ac04e68c9af> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/display.cfm?pubID=631 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00490-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.895377 | 271 | 1.671875 | 2 |
Although what she does for the stray dogs is service, Radhika denies and says, “I can’t call it a service as such. I see a lot of dogs on the streets which don’t get food. Even if they do, they’re mostly fed bakery items or biscuits. I realised that it would be good to give them something nutritious and healthy as they get nothing of that sort from Industrial spaces.” Her office is located in Bengaluru’s famous Bidadi Industrial Estate, and the dogs around the area mostly go without proper healthy food.
There’s a belief that when a dog comes into our life, the meaning and purpose of our life entirely changes. Having experienced a similar feeling, Radhika recalled an experience, “A long time ago, when my Husband and I went to a bakery to pick some items, we saw a big brown burly dog which was putting its paw on the leg of every person who visited the place. That was the dog’s way of asking the people to give it something to eat. And as soon as it was given something, it would turn around and go. That one doggy was one of the first we have seen asking for food.”
Ofcourse, it is rather difficult to run such a service without the help of other people. She has a team in place, one that cooks the dog food, and some men who drive the cars across town to feed the dogs. “We started with a few dogs. And in the past 7 years, going from the first year to now, we have gone from 40-50 dogs in the start to 400 dogs per day. The number became more because during the pandemic, the dogs that couldn’t find food at the usual restaurants also came to us for food,” she shared.
Doing this for 7 years now, Radhika has experimented quite a lot with the food to ensure that the dogs eat healthy and nutritious meals. Having tried packed dog meals and freshly cooked meals, she said that the dogs prefer fresh meals as they are also healthier. “There are so many leftover parts of Chicken, after human consumption, which gets wasted every day. So, we buy them from a marketplace and cook it with a lot of turmeric to remove impurities. We then pulmarise it and then cook them along with rice. There is no need for salt, as they only need protein and the smell of Chicken,” Radhika added about the food she feeds them.
It is rather perplexing to know that the cooking itself takes 7-8 hours of time, and the distribution then takes a solid 9 hours or so. She explained that they cover a distance of almost 120-130 Kms per day, across the Industrial areas. This is impossible without a separate kitchen. And so, she shares, “We have a proper separate kitchen and a cook who can do this job appropriately. The food is then packed and loaded in big boxes to be distributed throughout the day. There is also somebody to fetch the chicken and rice wholesale. So, it is a very organised process.”
Radhika however, does not stop with feeding the homeless strays. She also ensures that they’re vaccinated upto date, and also are neutered in order to avoid the birth of more puppies without homes. In addition, they also take these dogs for health check-ups in case they’re unwell, and facilitate the adoption of these homeless puppies. Animal Welfare is also a part of their company Proman’s corporate social responsibility (CSR).Generally, a service that is being run with such structure and organisation should have a name. However, she shares, “Over the years, I have never thought of a name for what we do. Before formalising the process, I think it is important to actually do the work first, and then see if we can actually put a name to it. So when the right time comes, I think we will give it a name.”
Radhika Raghavan ended with a message. “What people around us must understand is not to abandon pups or dogs no matter what, or move them from one area to another area thinking that there’s an organised feeding process somewhere else. These are not the right things to do,” she concluded. | <urn:uuid:0d37a44b-f852-48e6-8b53-912c8d1fb8a8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jfwonline.com/article/meet-radhika-raghavan-a-companys-director-who-feeds-hundreds-of-stray-dogs-everyday/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573029.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817153027-20220817183027-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.981197 | 908 | 1.664063 | 2 |
This project will provide a new method for testing flow/no-flow conditions and other gravity-driven flow behavior of Lunar or planetary regolith under reduced gravity, through the use of surrogate regolith simulants which mimic the effects of reduced gravity. New calibration data for numerical flow simulation models will also be obtained. The new low-g simulants will provide readily accessible, inexpensive means to verify that equipment intended to function under reduced gravity conditions, will actually function as intended when deployed in the 'real' application environment. Drop towers or parabolic flights are the only current viable methods available to create reduced gravity environments for testing equipment, without involving actual flights in space; but they have severe restrictions on test duration, volume and expense. Recent simulations, drop tower tests, and centrifuge tests have demonstrated that granular materials tend to act more 'cohesive' at reduced gravity. This change in behavior at reduced gravity, is not due to a change in cohesive strength of the material, rather it is due to a reduction in the gravity driving force inducing material to flow. Under reduced gravity, reduced flow rates and/or flow stoppages are observed in hoppers; and, in rotating drum flows large clumps and large avalanches develop, which are not seen for the same material at one-g. The large fine-fraction, and potentially increased surface energies, of in-situ regolith material already increase the likelihood of flow stoppages, or no-flow conditions, occurring within in-situ resource utilization processing equipment. The additional risk of flow stoppages because of reduced gravity is difficult to test terrestrially. The low-gravity-emulating surrogate regolith simulants developed and verified under this research, and the calibrated numerical simulation models, will offer new, inexpensive, methods to test whether solids will flow or not under reduced gravity. | <urn:uuid:148f84d5-d1d9-4762-8cef-d1f1b9f7a606> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://techport.nasa.gov/view/8943 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.931906 | 375 | 3.03125 | 3 |
Doug Lederman at Inside Higher Ed wrote an excellent article describing the trajectory and demise of the “failed $75 million experiment” of the University of Texas System’s Institute for Transformational Learning (ITL).
Starting in 2011, the Texas system invested nearly $100 million in the institute ($23 million remains unspent) to try to drive digital technologies into the approaches its campuses use to reach, educate and graduate students. Over five years, the institute helped several UT campuses launch distinctive new academic programs and developed three core pieces of technology that, among other things, deliver online learning and students’ transcript information via the blockchain. But its total revenue over the five years: $1 million, The Texas Tribune reported.
Critics have derided that output as paltry given the investment and questioned whether the money could have been better spent. Advocates for the institute say it was the sort of necessary and worthwhile experiment that higher education institutions undertake all too rarely, even as they acknowledge a set of miscalculations that — along with political and cultural circumstances in part beyond its control — contributed to its undoing.
Among those missteps, according to numerous people who worked closely with the institute, were a tendency to approach campus faculty members with arrogance rather than as partners, and a lack of clarity from the start about the endeavor’s goals and business plan. Those were compounded by a problem that afflicts many educational technology efforts, whether funded by Silicon Valley investors or campus leaders: too little patience for what is almost always a long, drawn-out process of adoption and proof.
It’s worth reading the whole article, and sprinkled throughout are quotes from faculty and staff from the University of Texas system – ITL’s natural customer base – about overly optimistic claims, inability to understand or listen to its stakeholders, and real or perceived arrogance. I observed similar reactions when on the UT Austin campus for a video case study in Fall 2016 about their attempts to reinvent the large lecture class. When I asked about the overlap or collaboration with ITL on what seemed to be a perfect fit for that group’s objectives, I got eye rolls and comments about ITL being irrelevant for campus-based innovation efforts. Regardless of how that situation arose, the point is the same – there seems to have been a real breakdown of communication and trust between ITL and UT campus educators, despite the fact that “some of the work done by the institute has been divested to the various UT campuses.”
ITL was not alone as a failed, or at least abandoned, initiative to transform education based on innovative ed tech, and there is a theme in general of focusing more on the supposed tech-based innovation rather than the issue of cultural change and understanding social barriers (and this includes a culture’s view on whether the innovation is worth adopting). This is not a new subject, and similar challenges from a vendor standpoint led to the 2014 post “Pilots: Too many ed tech innovations stuck in purgatory”, an adaptation of which forms the second half of this post.
The general interest on dealing with the social change issues around real adoption of innovative education approaches – as well as the associated culture required to test theories, honestly assess results, and make continuous improvements in teaching practices – is what has led us at e-Literate to work on the Empirical Educator Project that Michael described a few weeks ago.
Despite the billions of dollars invested and provided in grants over the past several years, the vast majority of ed tech is used in only a small percentage of courses at most campuses.1 Most ed tech applications or devices have failed to cross the barriers into mainstream adoption within an institution. This could be due to the technology not really addressing problems that faculty or students face, a lack of awareness and support for the technology, or even faculty or student resistance to the innovation. Whatever the barrier, the situation we see far too often is a breakdown in technology helping the majority of faculty or courses.
Diffusion of Innovations – Back to the basics
Everett Rogers wrote the book on the spread of innovations within an organization or cultural group in his book Diffusions of Innovations. Rogers’ work led to many concepts that we seem to take for granted, such as the S-curve of adoption:
leading to the categorization of adopters (innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority, laggards), and the combined technology adoption curve.
But Rogers did not set out to describe the diffusion of innovations as an automatic process following a pre-defined path. The real origin of his work was trying to understand why some innovations end up spreading throughout a social group while others do not, somewhat independent of whether the innovation could be thought of as a “good idea”. From the first paragraph of the 5th edition:
Getting a new idea adopted, even when it has obvious advantages, is difficult. Many innovations require a lengthy period of many years from the time when they become available to the time when they are widely adopted. Therefore, a common problem for many individuals and organizations is how to speed up the rate of diffusion of an innovation.
Rogers defined diffusion as “a special type of communication in which the messages are about a new idea” (p. 6), and he focused much of the book on the Innovation-Decision Process. This gets to the key point that availability of a new idea is not enough; rather, diffusion is more dependent on the communication and decision-process about whether and how to adopt the new idea. This process is shown below (p. 170):
What we are seeing in ed tech transformation initiatives in most cases, I would argue, is that the new ideas (applications, products, services) are stuck the Persuasion stage. There is knowledge and application amongst some early adopters in small-scale pilots, and there are good motivations in general from transformation groups like ITL and vendors, but majority of educators either have no knowledge of the innovation or are not persuaded that the idea is to their advantage, and there is little support or structure to get the organization at large (i.e. the majority of faculty for a traditional institution, or perhaps for central academic technology organization) to make a considered decision. It’s important to note that in many cases, the innovation should not be spread to the majority, either due to being a poor solution or even due to organizational dynamics based on how the innovation is introduced.
The Purgatory of Transformation
This stuck process ends up as an ed tech purgatory – with promises and potential of the heaven of full institutional adoption with meaningful results to follow, but also with the peril of either never getting out of purgatory or outright rejection over time.
Ed tech innovators can often be too susceptible to being persuaded by simple adoption numbers such as 1,100 institutions or total number of end users (millions served), or by new the promise of ideas that look great on paper, but meaningful adoption within an institution – actually affecting the majority of faculty or courses – is necessary in most cases before there can be any meaningful results beyond anecdotes or marketing stories. The reason for the extended purgatory is most often related to people issues and communications, and the ed tech market (and here I’m including transformation initiatives, vendors, consultants, and campus support staff and faculty) has been very ineffective in dealing with real people at real institutions beyond the initial audience for an idea.
First, those confessing their errors about solving school problems seldom looked at previous generations of reformers seeking major changes in schools.They were ahistorical. They thought that they knew better than other very smart people who had earlier sought to solve problems in schooling.
Second, the confessions seldom go beyond blaming their own flawed thinking (or others who failed to carry out their instructions) and coming to realize the obvious: schooling is far more complex a human institution than they had ever considered.
Finally, few of these confessions take a step back to not only consider the complexity of schooling and its many moving parts but also the political, social, and economic structures that keep it in place (see Audrey Watters here). As I and many others have said often, schools are political institutions deeply entangled in American society, culture, and democracy. Keeping the macro and micro-perspectives in sight is a must for those seeking major changes in how teachers teach or how schools educate. Were that to occur the incidence of after-the-reform regret might decrease.
Cover image credit: Ludovico Carracci [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
By Phil Hill
- I’m not arguing against faculty prerogative in technology adoption and for a centralized, mandatory approach, but noting the disconnect. [↩] | <urn:uuid:51bf6773-2cda-4c47-b6e6-352760ce7dbe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://eliterate.us/purgatory-ed-tech-transformation-initiatives/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.959725 | 1,804 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Stockholm is Sweden’s capital city, and the largest city of the Nordic countries. Located on the Baltic Sea in an archipelago, Stockholm consists of 14 islands, with bridges, ferries and a Metro providing easy access around the city. Like almost everything in Sweden, even public transportation can be expensive.
It’s not a budget destination, but it’s a unique city and the gateway to many other amazing places to visit in Sweden. Make sure to get your Stockholm Pass, which gives you free entry to over 60 top attractions and museums and includes a wide range of boat and bus tours. Here are a few of the best things do to in Stockholm.
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Your visit to Stockholm will likely include one or more trips to Gamla Stan, Stockholm’s Old Town. You might even decide to stay in this central location. The historic center of Stockholm is lined with cobblestone streets and gold-painted buildings. Set on an island with ferry and tram connections, there are many tourist attractions in Gamla Stan. Be sure to take some time to wander the streets, sample the cafes, and enjoy the views connecting Gamla Stan to nearby boroughs. In the center of Gamla Stan is Stortorget, Stockholm’s oldest square.
- Stockholm:Hit The Streets Old Town Walking Tour
- Private Tour: Stockholm Historical Walking Tour of Gamla Stan
- The Original Stockholm Ghost Walk and Historical Tour
- Hop-On Hop-Off Bus and Boat Ticket in Stockholm
Sweden’s Royal Palace has over 600 rooms, making it one of the largest palaces in the world. The Palace is the official residence of the King of Sweden, but several areas remain open to the public for tours. The Italian Baroque palace was built in the 18th century, and visitors can watch the changing of the guard each day at noon. You can royal apartments, the crown jewels and visit five museums contained in the palace grounds. The Tre Kronor (Three Crowns) museum is in the cellars of the Royal Palace, and is dedicated to the original medieval palace which stood here in the 17th century.
Also located in Gamla Stan, the Nobel Museum highlights the various fields of the Nobel Prize. Five Nobel prizes were established in 1895 by Swedish scientist Alfred Nobel, to be awarded to outstanding contributions in chemistry, literature, peace, physics, and medicine. The museum features the Nobel laureates and their accomplishments. Multimedia displays give you the history of the award and how the awards are determined.
Photography fans will want to plan a visit to Fotografiska, located on the waterfront in the Södermalm district. While it’s not technically a museum, it’s an exhibition space decided to contemproary photography and has hosted exhibits in the past from Robert Mapplethorpe and Annie Leibovitz, among others. The rooftop cafe and bar offers excellent views of the surrounding area as well.
Djurgården is another island in Stockholm, which was once the playground of the Royal Family. Much of this area is comprised of parks and gardens, although there are many museums and cultural attractions here, too. You can easily reach Djurgården from other areas of Stockholm by bus, tram or ferry. A highlight of Djurgården is Rosendals Trädgård, a public garden, farm and orchard. There is an excellent cafe/bakery on site, as well as a farm shop. Both feature locally produced organic ingredients.
- Stockholm: The Royal Bridges & Canal Tour
- Best of Stockholm City and the National City Park – 3 hour Bike Tour
- Private 3h Bike Tour: Best of Stockholm City and the National City Park
One of the museums on Djurgården is Scandinavia’s most visited museum. The Vasa Museum, a maritime museum featuring warship Vasa that sank in 1628. The ship was salvaged and brought up in the 1960’s after over 300 years at the bottom of the sea. It’s nearly fully intact and is the only such 17th century ship in the world. The museum covers six floors, where you can see into the hull of the ship and get a glimpse of 17th century life as it’s been preserved in this time capsule, even skeletons of some of the crew!
- Guided Tour of the Vasa Museum
- Stockholm Super Saver: Stockholm City Walking Tour Including Vasa Museum plus Bohemian Stockholm Walking Tour
- Private Tour: Stockholm City Walking Tour Including the Vasa Museum
A more modern museum of Djurgården is the ABBA Museum, an interactive exhibition featuring all things ABBA. The Swedish pop group ABBA was formed in the 1970’s and rose to worldwide fame in the disco era. The museum is highly interactive and features memorabilia from the band, including costumes, gold records and more. Not only will you see and hear the story of ABBA, but you’ll also learn what they’ve all been up to since disbanding in 1982. Even if you’re not a huge ABBA fan, you’ll enjoy this music museum, as it also includes a collection of historic guitars.
- ABBA The Museum
- GAILY TOUR in STOCKHOLM – Gay Tour & ABBA’s Secrets
- Hop-On Hop-Off Bus and Boat Ticket in Stockholm
Along the waterfront of Djurgården is Gröna Lund, Sweden’s oldest amusement park. Since 1883, Gröna Lund has been entertaining Stockholm residents and visitors alike. It’s also a popular musical performance venue, and even hosted Bob Marley three times. There are seven roller coasters, including a timber coaster. Keep in mind this is a historic amusement park, so it lacks the huge coasters and acreage of other parks, but there’s still plenty of fun to be had for the whole family. If you love scary rides, small rides or thrillers, you’ll enjoy Gröna Lund.
Yet another popular Djurgården attraction is Skansen, an open-air museum and zoo. It’s a sort of living history museum, with 150 authentic buildings where you can explore and experience five centuries of Swedish history and culture. Special events include Swedish folk dancing in the summer, and a Christmas celebration. You can easily spend half a day at Skansen, especially if you have children with you. Luckily, there’s a cafe on site where you can take a break before resuming your tour.
The Stockholm Archipelago makes an excellent day trip while in Stockholm as it’s just 20 minutes away. The area is comprised of over 30,000 islands, and is second only to Finland as the largest archipelago in the Baltic Sea. The best way to see the archipelago is by ferry, but you can also book a boat tour for a more leisurely day. The archipelago is a great escape from the city, with lots of outdoor recreation opportunities, including kayaking, hiking, cycling and even camping.
- Royal Canal Tour
- 3-Hour Brunch Cruise Stockholm Archipelago
- Rent a Kayak
- Stockholm Archipelago Sailing Adventure
- 3-Day Stockholm Archipelago Kayaking and Camping Tour
Something fun to do in Stockholm is to take a cruise tour of the canals. Seeing the city from the water gives you a whole new perspective and you’ll learn the history of some of the buildings and bridges along the way. Different variations of the tour are available, with lunch or dinner, or a Royal theme. Do this early in your trip so you can get a feel for the areas of Stockholm, and make note of the places you’d like to return to once you are on land again.
Foodie fans visiting Stockholm must make a stop at Saluhall, a 1880’s food hall in the trendy Östermalm district. As food halls pop up all over Europe, they’re increasingly popular tourist destinations as well. This is a great place to pack up a picnic lunch before heading to one of Stockholm’s many parks and gardens. You can purchase fresh seafood, meat, cheese and produce, or visit a gourmet food vendor for pre-made items.
The “Central Park” of Stockholm, Kungsträdgården translates as “King’s Garden,” and is sometimes referred to as Kungsan. It has many outdoor cafes, art galleries, restaurants, and year round activities. If you visit Stockholm in the winter, don’t miss the ice rink. In the summer, there are many events including music concerts. Given the central location, you may find yourself passing through the park en route to other attractions, but it’s a great place to stop and take a break. If you haven’t yet experienced the Swedish coffee break, fika, this is a great place to do it.
- Stockholm Red Bus 72h Hop-On Hop-Off Ticket
- Modern Stockholm Walking Tour
- Best of Stockholm Photography and Sightseeing Tour
If you’d like to save it for later, please save it to Pinterest. | <urn:uuid:99ac20b8-240a-4361-93d0-4db5f531da0b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.travellingking.com/13-fun-things-to-do-in-stockholm/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.917404 | 2,060 | 1.695313 | 2 |
At its latest event today, Apple announced the chips that will be powering its most powerful iPhones and iPads yet, the A9 and the A9X (respectively). The two chips are built using new "transistor architecture," which is likely code for FinFET transistors.
Ever since Apple began to design its own chips, it has often ended up ahead of all the other mobile competition, whether it was Samsung, Qualcomm or Nvidia's chips, or even Intel's Atom line for mobile, in both CPU and GPU performance.
GPU performance is more of a result of using Imagination's latest PowerVR GPUs, but some of the gains are also due to Apple's design of an efficient SoC that allows for more powerful GPUs. With the arrival of the Metal graphics API, Apple also allowed developers to gain more direct access to those powerful chips and extract even more performance out of them for their games.
Apple claimed that its third-generation 64-bit A9 CPU is now 70 percent faster than its one-year-old A8 CPU and has a GPU that is 90 percent faster, as well. This time, Apple hasn't increased the resolution of its displays, so all of that power should go straight to new games and apps that can take advantage of it.
The new A9 SoC also comes with a new M9 coprocessor that now includes the ability to listen to the "Hey, Siri" command without the iPhone 6S having to be plugged in or for the owner to press a button first. Such functionality was first seen in the original 2013 Moto X when the "OK, Google" command could be used directly with the phone turned off.
The chip brings along a new LTE Advanced modem as well, that is twice as fast at 300 Mbps download speeds and can support 23 LTE bands. Apple claimed this is the highest number of LTE bands being supported in a smartphone right now, making it ideally suited for travelers.
Apple also introduced a more powerful variant of the A9, called the A9X, which will power the new iPad Pro. The company claimed that its CPU is 80 percent faster than the previous A8X CPU and that the GPU is also twice as fast. When comparing them to the chip in the original iPad from 2010, the company said the CPU performance has improved over 22 times -- and 360 times for the GPU.
Apple also claimed that the new A9X is faster than "80% of portable PCs," but it didn't elaborate on what exactly it means by that or how it reached that result. With A9X likely to be faster than Intel's Atom-based Celerons and Pentiums, which now go into lower-end notebooks, as well as most if not all existing ARM chips from competitors, the A9X can certainly be considered a "PC-class" chip. However, that doesn't necessarily mean it's by any means the fastest PC-class chip out there.
For the purpose of the iPad Pro, which is meant to be a more productive yet familiar device for those already used to iOS, the chip should be powerful enough to handle just about any productivity app developers can create for it over the next year, until an even more powerful iPad Pro appears. | <urn:uuid:30eb7166-5973-4c5d-b0ad-a2b853ea93aa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tomshardware.com/news/apple-a9-a9x-chips-mobile,30050.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.973901 | 661 | 1.921875 | 2 |
Junior ranks explained
Junior ranks is the collective term in the Canadian Armed Forces for all the non-commissioned members ranked below that of sergeant/petty officer 2nd class; in other words, all junior non-commissioned officers and privates. The Army and Air Force ranks, followed by the equivalent Naval ranks, in descending order, are as follows:
Notes and References
- Web site: Rank appointment insignia. Canada. Service. 2017-11-23. aem. 2019-07-14.
- Web site: Master corporal. Canadian Soldiers. 2019-07-14.
- Web site: Royal Canadian Navy ranks and badges: Junior Non-commissioned Members . Government of Canada . 14 July 2019.
- Web site: Corporal. Canadian Soldiers. 2019-07-14.
- Web site: Private. Canadian Soldiers. 2019-07-14. | <urn:uuid:0d07eb6c-184b-4480-b565-eff993d53b50> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://everything.explained.today/Junior_ranks/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.871059 | 191 | 1.945313 | 2 |
1901 Milwaukee Brewers Are First Team In Deadball Monument Series
The 1901 Milwaukee Brewers became the first team recognized in a monument series remembering the Deadball Era by David Stalker. The monument was unveiled at Miller Park on June 23, 2009 by Rick Schlesinger the Brewers executive V.P. of business operations and David Stalker.
Leading off the dedication ceremony Rick Schlesinger spoke about the importance of remembering baseball history. He stated, “The Brewers franchise takes great pride in providing a top quality experience and competitive team on the field, and while we focus on the current, we never forget the past. In baseball in particular, we feel that recognizing the past is a crucial part of our franchise and a crucial part that we do not want to forget. Baseball is the best sport when it comes to connecting history through different generations.â€
Stalker followed by speaking about the American League forming in Milwaukee in 1900, and the 1901 Brewers being part of the A.L. inaugural season. “I wanted this piece of Milwaukee baseball history put in stone, so its story would be forever told.â€
Stalker mentioned the five Wisconsin natives that were a part of that team, and talked about the monument series. Thanks were given to the Brewers for their efforts in helping preserve baseball history, and to all those that made the monument possible.
Those that contributed to the monument were invited to join Schlesinger and Stalker for proper acknowledgement. The group consisted of, Dale and Jeff Wetzel (father and son Brewer season ticket holders since the teams move from Seattle) Dan Wackman (grandson of 1901 Brewer Bert “Pete†Husting) and Archie Monuments. Acknowledged but unable to attend was Jim Kluge (grandson of former player Wattie “Roscoe†Holm).
Among those attending the ceremony were family members of the 1901 Brewer player Bert “Pete†Husting. They traveled from California, Texas, Illinois, Minnesota and Wisconsin. The Husting Family also attended a ceremony and unveiling two days prior, in Mayville, Wisconsin. This was honoring player Pete Husting on his own monument, at the Limestone School and Museum
Along with the 1901 Brewers, this monument tells about the American League forming in a Milwaukee hotel room, and five Wisconsin natives that were fortunate enough to play major league ball in front of admiring fans in their home state.
Well-known names such as Charles Comisky, Connie Mack and American League president Ban Johnson met with Brothers Matt and Henry Killilea at the Republican House in 1900 and established the league. The inaugural season of the AL began in 1901 and Milwaukee was awarded the Brewers. The new league gave an opportunity for a couple hundred more players to play major league baseball. Wisconsin had much talent to offer the majors during the early years of the league.
Brief biographies of Wisconsin players on the 1901 Brewers as follows:
Bruyette was born in Manawa, WI on August 31. Baseball sources say the year was 1874, but his obituary from the Wenatchee Daily World states he passed away at the age of 60, in 1879.
Ed made his major league debut on August 6, 1901 with the Milwaukee Brewers. He played in 26 games mainly as an outfielder, but also filled in at second base, first base and shortstop. According to his obituary, he played with Seattle in the Northwest League, and was player-captain with the Butte, Montana team.
He organized and kept active in the Fruit Growers Association. For a number of years he was a grading foreman in a packing plant. Ed died of a heart attack while tending the sprayer in his orchard on August 5, 1940, in Peshastin, Washington.
Emerson “Pink†Hawley
Hawley was born in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin on December 5, 1872. The veteran pitcher ended his ten-year major league career in Milwaukee. He brought much experience to the young Milwaukee club. Hawley was known as a real workhorse pitcher. He Pitched 300 or more innings for 6 seasons, with a league leading 444 innings in 1895 for Pittsburgh. During his stay in Pittsburgh, he was named “The Duke of Pittsburghâ€. He chalked up winning seasons of 31, 22 and 27 wins. With Milwaukee, he had a record of 7 wins and 14 losses, and an era of 4.59.
After the 1901 season, Pink played for the American Association Milwaukee Brewers, managed at La Crosse and Oshkosh. While with La Crosse, he coached Ed Konetchy before his major league career. Pink returned to Beaver Dam and managed the La Sonia bowling alleys.
Hawley is buried with his family at Oakwood Cemetery in Beaver Dam. Pink had a brother named Blue that played baseball, Blue caught for his brother at Wayland Academy in Beaver Dam. There is a story told that Pink and Blue were twins and they received their names at birth, when the hospital tied colored ribbons to the boys to tell them apart. However, their grave markers list Emerson P. Hawley’s birth in 1872 and Elmer B. Hawley’s birth in 1873.
I believe Hawley certainly desires a spot in the Wisconsin Athletic Hall of Fame. I am currently planning a memorial for Mr. Hawley in Beaver Dam for early part of 2010.
Jones was born in Cambria, Wisconsin on June 30, 1880. He got his start with the 1901 Milwaukee team on September 15. Davy made his presence known with three home runs in 14 games played.
When Milwaukee lost their team to St Louis after one season, Davy played for St. Louis in 15 games before he joined the Cubs to finish the season. During his 14-year major league career, he also played for Detroit, Chicago AL and Pittsburgh of the Federal League.
Jones was a member of the 1907, 1908 and 1909 AL Champion Detroit Tigers. Jones played in the outfield with Hall of Fame players Ty Cobb and Sam Crawford. He formed friendships with them that lasted a lifetime.
Davy remained in Detroit for a number of years and operated his own chain of drug stores. He returned to Wisconsin and lived in Milwaukee, before spending his final years in Mankato, Minnesota.
Davy was elected to the Wisconsin Athletic Hall of Fame in 1964. In 2006, he was honored in his hometown of Cambria, Wisconsin. With financial help from the Jones family, and time donated from Jay Williams and Phil Slinger planning a dedication, Jones became the second player honored in Stalker’s Deadball Monument Series.
Bert “Pete†Husting
Husting pitched 8 innings in 1900 for Pittsburgh and joined Milwaukee for his first full season of 1901. In 1902, he played in one game with Boston of the AL, and finished the season with a 14 and 5 record for the AL Champion Philadelphia team. Husting’s friendship with Connie Mack lasted a lifetime.
For more on Husting read Seamheads article, “Berthold ‘Pete’ Husting Honored with Memorial.”
McBride was born in Milwaukee on November 20, 1888 he also got his start with the 1901 Brewers making his debut on September 12, filling in for Wid Conroy. After a brief stay with Pittsburgh in 1905, George finished the season with St. Louis. He played one more year with the Cardinals and then played thirteen years with the Washington Senators. As a shortstop, he was great, leading the American League in fielding average five years.
McBride was elected into the Wisconsin Athletic Hall of Fame in 1952.
McBride passed away in Milwaukee at the age of 92, after enjoying a long healthy life. He drove his automobile six months prior to his death, without the need of eyeglasses. George’s hobbies included bowling, golfing and taking walks to the Elks Club several times a week. He is buried next to his wife Anne at Holy Cross Cemetery, Milwaukee WI.
The 1901 Brewer monument is two sided. One side contains the text, and the reverse side lists all the members of the team and those that donated towards the memorial, as shown below.
IN HONOR OF THE 1901 MILWAUKEE BREWERS OF THE AMERICAN LEAGUE
In 1900, the American League was born in a Milwaukee hotel named the Republican House. The following year, during the 1901 inaugural season, the Milwaukee Brewers
were one of eight teams to participate in Major League Baseball’s “Junior Circuit.†The Brewers played their home games at Lloyd Street Grounds, which was located on the city’s north side (Lloyd St. & 16th St.). Player / Manager Hugh Duffy batted .302 that season and was later inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame. Wid Conroy was the team captain, Bill Reidy led the pitching staff with 16 victories, and John Anderson paced the team with a.330 batting average.
Five Wisconsin natives were members of that Brewers team, including Ed Bruyette of Manawa, Davy Jones of Cambria and George McBride of Milwaukee, all of whom made their Major League debut. Pitchers Pink Hawley of Beaver Dam and Pete Husting of Mayville also contributed. In 1902, the Brewers moved to St.Louis and became the Browns, but the league they helped form is still in existence today. The Browns became the Baltimore Orioles in 1954.
Team members listed on reverse side:
1901 BASEBALL TEAM
|John Anderson||Lou Gertenrich|
|George Bone||Billy Gilbert|
|Ed Bruyette||Bill Hallman|
|Jimmy Burke||Pink Hawley|
|John Butler||George Hogriever|
|Joe Conner||Pete Husting|
|Wid Conroy||Davy Jones|
|Jiggs Donahue||Tom Leahy|
|Pete Dowling||Billy Maloney|
|Hugh Duffy||George McBride|
|Bill Friel||Bill Reidy|
|Ned Garvin||Tully Sparks|
|Phil Geier||Irv Waldron|
Donated in 2009 by
David J. Stalker, Jeff Wetzel, Archie Monuments,
Jim Kluge, Dan Wackman and Dale Wetzel
In this Deadball Monument Series the 1901 Milwaukee Brewers join players, Fred Merkle, Davy Jones, Billy Sullivan, Addie Joss, Pete “Red†Kleinow, Charley Faust, Bob Groom, Pete Husting, Bill Killefer and Wade Killefer.
For those interested in adding a player, team or ballpark to this series, or financially contributing towards this series, please do contact me. | <urn:uuid:7a4aac9a-dce0-45b1-944e-60ec4bedfff2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://seamheads.com/2009/10/19/1901-milwaukee-brewers-are-first-team-in-deadball-monument-series/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281162.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00535-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973588 | 2,268 | 1.960938 | 2 |
On November 30, 1955, Walt Disney’s Disneyland television program aired “The Story of the Animated Drawing,” an hour-length exploration of the medium that had made Walt famous. The show presented a documentary of the history of animation—from its ancient origins to its more modern innovations.
The program’s screenplay was penned by Dick Huemer, a long-time Disney story writer and director, whose own animation career stretched back nearly 40 years—even longer than Walt’s—to animation’s first bustling commercial scene in 1910s and 20s New York City. During that time, one of the medium’s dominant artists was renowned cartoonist Winsor McCay.
In some ways, McCay was the forerunner of Walt Disney in terms of American animation. Historian John Canemaker, the preeminent authority on McCay, describes the cartoonist as such, saying, “McCay distinguished his work from that of his contemporaries in the field by the sophistication of his elaborate graphics, the fluid movement of his characters, the attempts to inject personality traits into those characters, and the use of strong narrative continuity.”
Even early on, Walt cherished these same principles when he approached the art form. “Animation can explain whatever the mind of man can conceive,” Walt had said. “This facility makes it the most versatile and explicit means of communication yet devised.” His vision drove him to push the practical and feasible limits of animation into new, innovative territories. But, even before Walt, McCay was among the first artists to push these limits.
Only ten or so years younger than Walt’s father, McCay was born in the late 1860s in Michigan; both the Disneys and McCays of North America originally hailed from Canada; and, much like Walt during his formative years on the Missouri farmstead where he famously drew his neighbor’s stallion, Rupert, young McCay was also a natural artist, once saying, “I just couldn’t stop drawing anything and everything.” McCay was already a household name by the time he moved to New York City and gave animated cartoons a try. He had become America’s preeminent newspaper cartoonist, even working for a time for magnate William Randolph Hearst.
The coming artist will make his reputation not by pictures in still life, but by drawings that are animated.
Though McCay was not the first to make animated films, he was the first to imbue his work with lavish detail and refinement, a standard that, as Canemaker points out, would not be matched until Walt’s films of the 1930s. McCay’s first release was Little Nemo in 1911, which was as an animated adaptation of one of his most popular comic strips—an approach Walt would later “reverse” when he turned his beloved animated characters and shorts into comic strips, which became popular internationally beginning in the 1930s.
Little did he know, in adapting a comic strip to the screen McCay was actually setting a precedent back in 1911 that continues to this day. Of course, there was much less fanfare: McCay’s animated characters, though able to move, looked much like their static, comic strip counterparts, but, instead of being printed in a newspaper, they were projected onto a screen. Additionally, McCay generally worked alone, with a small team of assistants, crafting the thousands of painstaking drawings (all on paper at first). Fearful of compromising the quality of his work, McCay chose not to embrace the industrialized animation workflow that other producers in New York were then developing and insisted upon this more “hands-on” approach.
McCay’s third film, 1914’s Gertie the Dinosaur, is perhaps his most significant. In the aforementioned 1955 television program, “The Story of the Animated Drawing,” Walt says, “Gertie was not presented in the way modern films are shown today. It was part of a vaudeville act in which Winsor McCay appeared on the stage.” Walt’s television program even went to great lengths to dramatically recreate the original vaudeville presentation of the cartoon, in which McCay himself (in this case an actor) would stand beside the screen, circus tamer whip in hand, and interact with the projected, animated dinosaur.
The character of Gertie was also the first great achievement in personality animation. McCay introduces the bashful creature, who gently sways from side-to-side on her massive legs before timidly waving a ‘hello.’ Mayhem then ensues as different kinds of distractions fill the screen; McCay struggles for Gertie’s attention during the chaos, and, later, she dances the “Dinosaur Dip,” rolls over to play dead, and drinks an entire lake dry. For the short’s finale, McCay magically steps into the screen and joins Gertie in her animated world.
In order to create a lovable dinosaur and accomplish these seemingly magical feats, McCay used mathematical precision and groundbreaking techniques, such as the process of inbetweening, which later became a Disney standard. Thanks to all of these elements, Gertie came to life for audiences; she seemed to be thinking on screen. It was a true watershed moment in animation.
Though McCay made a number of additional animated cartoons through early 1921, including the notable The Sinking of the Lusitania (1918), he ultimately stopped making films. His intense comic strip workload was part of the reason he stopped, but it is also speculated that he was frustrated with the advancement of the art form, and how it was perceived by fellow artists and audiences alike. “Artists haven’t yet taken animation seriously enough,” McCay said. “When they do, they will make some marvelous pictures.” McCay would continue illustrating until he passed away in 1934 at the age of 62.
By the end of the 1920s, Walt was the dominant presence in American commercial animation, thanks in large part to the debut of Mickey Mouse in Steamboat Willie (1928) as well as the premiere of the Silly Symphony series in 1929. Walt’s real ingenuity lay in his ability to develop an animation process that, over time, was both practical enough to maintain a steady output of short subjects (and eventually feature films), whilst simultaneously achieving those high artistic standards his studio was known to put forth.
Animation can explain whatever the mind of man can conceive. This facility makes it the most versatile and explicit means of communication yet devised.
Just as McCay had foreseen, audiences began to “demand action” in popular art, and artists, such as the Disney animators, had to work “hand-in-hand with science” in order to “evolve a new school of art that… revolutioniz[ed] the entire field.” Of course, Walt did just that. His innovations would not only grow to revolutionize the field of animation, just as McCay had predicted, but Walt would pioneer an entirely new type of animation—one that at least thematically harkened back to Gertie. In 1964, Walt greeted television viewers standing with a trio of Audio-Animatronics® dinosaurs which had been created for that year’s debut at the New York World’s Fair.
Fifty years removed from McCay’s vaudevillian marvel, Gertie, another showman was making ancient beasts move on screen—this time in a full three dimensions. During the broadcast, Walt, who was even sporting a small riding crop not unlike McCay’s circus tamer’s whip, jokingly looked over at one of the three young brontosauruses and said, “You know you’re on television?” Walt saw Audio-Animatronics figures and the technology that brought them to life as an extension of the traditional animated art form, and, in many ways, his Imagineers were exemplars of McCay’s thought that the fusion between art and science would herald new, boundary-breaking forms of artistic expression.
During production of the 1955 Disneyland television show, Winsor McCay’s son, Robert, came to the Studios to act as a consultant for the program. As John Canemaker would report, Walt, greeting Robert McCay in his office, “gestured out the window toward his bustling studio complex and said, ‘Bob, all this should be your father’s.’”
–Lucas O. Seastrom
Lucas O. Seastrom is a writer, filmmaker, and contracting historian for The Walt Disney Family Museum.
- Lutz, E.G. Animated Cartoons (1920), collection of the Walt Disney Family Foundation, Gift of Walter E.D. Miller, 2008.3.1
Winsor McCay demonstrating Gertie the Dinosaur, 1909; collection of the Walt Disney Family Foundation, 1999.3.1048
McCay, Winsor, cel from The Sinking of the Lusitania, 1918; collection of the Walt Disney Family Foundation, 2007.55.1
Walt Disney with dinosaurs, “Disneyland Goes to the World Fair” (1964); courtesy of the Walt Disney Archives, Photo Library, © Disney
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You’re ready to launch your first production app, and it’s time to get it talking to some external services. You still have to get everything hooked up. So what’s the best way to configure your services in production, without making things more complicated on your dev machine?
Set up your Environment
To configure production apps, today’s best practice is to use environment variables (those
It’s harder to accidentally commit your production keys.
If you’re not paying attention, you might
git pusha file with important secret keys in it. And that could be an expensive mistake.
Configuration is what environment variables are there for.
Environment variables are a common way to configure apps on almost every kind of system. Many other programs (like Ruby) use environment variables for configuration, so it only makes sense to try in your own app.
Environment variables are easy to set up in production.
Heroku has a a web UI and a command line tool for easily setting environment variables. And if you’re building your own server, server management tools like Chef and Docker make setting environment variables easy.
What does it look like on the Rails side?
This is how an app that depends on environment variables could configure itself:
1 2 3
1 2 3
The initializer uses Rails 4.2’s
config_for method to find the right
.yml file and pick the right environment.
config_for runs the
ERB code inside
my_service.yml, and grabs
MY_SERVICE_PORT out of the environment. It passes those values along to
You could also just have the initializer read from
ENV["MY_SERVICE_HOST"] directly. But I prefer to keep them in
.yml files, for reasons you’ll see in a minute.
Your app’s configuration in development
Environment variables are fine for production. But once you set up your production config, how do you handle development and test mode?
You have a few options. But I usually follow the convention in Rails’
config/secrets.yml: use environment variables in production, and hardcode non-secret values in development and test.
With the development and test environments,
config/my_service.yml could look like this:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Awesomely enough, the initializer can stay exactly the same. The values in this file will be used in the development and test environments, and the production environment will get its values from the environment variables.
But why would you hardcode these values?
The configuration values are easier to see and change.
You can tweak your config as you experiment with new features, which is something you want in development, but not so much in production.
It’s easier for someone new to get started.
If all the sample config you need is checked into your git repository, a new dev just has to clone and run your app. They won’t need to muck around with setting just the right values to get the app working.
You don’t have to worry about conflicting environment variables.
You’ll probably work on more apps on your dev machine than you’ll ever deploy to a single production machine. If you used system-wide environment variables to configure all those apps, there’s a good chance two of them will stomp on each other.
So, try using environment variables in production, and hardcoded
.yml config in development. It’s easy, it’s readable, and Rails has built-in support for dealing with exactly those kinds of config files.
Another option for development
There’s another way to handle configuration in development mode: dotenv. It looks neat, but I haven’t tried it in an app of my own yet.
With dotenv, you can put environment variables in a file named
.env in your Rails app’s root directory, and those values will get picked up by your app. This is nice, because your development environment acts more like your production environment. That’s a good way to avoid bugs that only ever happen in production.
It’s something I’ll try someday. But for now, I haven’t found anything more convenient than
Most production apps need some kind of configuration. So when you deploy your next app, try using
.yml files, populated by environment variables in production, to configure it. You’ll get the flexibility, the simplicity, and the reliability you’re hoping for.
Do you have a different way you like to configure your production apps? Leave a comment, I’d love to hear about it! | <urn:uuid:951a55b7-984e-47cb-b0fe-f298261f8c4a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.justinweiss.com/articles/how-to-configure-your-rails-app-to-ship/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00389-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.884074 | 1,003 | 2.078125 | 2 |
While Taiwan was absorbed with Christmas festivities, an earthquake measuring 9.0 struck off the west coast of Sumatra. The quake generated tsunamis that led to thousands of deaths and injuries. We who have experienced the 921 Earthquake feel undefinable shock at hearing news of another powerful earthquake and the effect of the tsunamis. We hope that Indonesia, Thailand, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Malaysia will soon recover from the tragic loss of life caused by the earthquake and tsunamis.
In the face of this disaster, we should take special note of the effect of tsunamis. Tsunamis are caused by a large-scale displacement of the sea floor, usually following large earthquakes, major submarine slides or volcanic explosions. When a tsunami hits coastal areas, it causes massive damage to the earth's surface.
Tsunamis often happen when the epicenter of an earthquake is less than 50km deep, so that the massive submarine movement in the earth's crust generates huge pressure on the ocean, which is transmitted outward in a wave. Few countries in South Asia escaped the effects of this tsunami, an indication of the force generated by this earthquake.
When the tsunami reaches coastal shallows, it can rise to 30m in height, and the force with which it hits the coast is enormous. The tsunami that hit northern Papua New Guinea in July 17, 1998, left over 8,000 people dead or missing, completely obliterating a coastal village.
Taiwanese are not too concerned about tsunamis for they have little experience of their effects. But according to historical records, there are six instances of such phenomena occurring here. In April and May of 1781, the chapter on unusual phenomena in the Miscellany section of the Records of Taiwan County, with support from two other texts, records an instance that took place in the Chiatung region near Pingtung. The record tells of a day of extraordinarily good weather when the ocean suddenly roared like thunder and, in a rush that seemed to suck the air away, a wave 30m high rose up, inundating nearby villages.
The Records of Taiwan County also list a similar incident that affected the Luermen area near Tainan.
The most recent of such incidents took place on Dec. 18, 1867, off Keelung. The record tells of coastal mountains tilting, the earth splitting open and the whole island shaking. Many houses collapsed in Keelung and hundreds of people died. The water drained out of Keelung harbor so that the sea bed was revealed, then suddenly returned in a huge wave. Boats were washed into the city center and there was much damage. In many locations the ground and the mountains split open and water poured from the fissures.
This last incident was most likely a tsunami and is a strong indication that tsunamis have originated off Taiwan's coast.
We must therefore realize the potential threat tsunamis pose to Taiwan. This is especially so off the eastern coast, where there is a small but significant population. We should take this opportunity to learn how to minimize the destruction caused and ways of dealing with it should it occur.
What I suggest is that the government departments involved in urban planning, coastal engineering and public works should incorporate the potential devastation of a tsunami into their considerations. Disaster prevention and rescue facilities established by the public and private sectors should avoid areas which tsunamis might hit in order to reduce the level of damage. | <urn:uuid:6ee66f2f-2e86-4830-8e08-463f403467ea> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2004/12/29/2003217195 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00304-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956057 | 703 | 3.46875 | 3 |
THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLICS
Human Rights Developments
Although five new states emerged in 1992 from the former Yugoslavia, human rights problems in each are interrelated and, therefore, will be discussed in one chapter. Continuing armed conflict in Croatia and, particularly, the outbreak of war in Bosnia-Hercegovina have been marked by appalling brutality inflicted on the civilian population and extreme violations of international humanitarian law. Violence and discrimination against minority groups in Serbia, Croatia and Bosnia-Hercegovina exacerbated ethnic tensions in each republic. Repression in Kosovo and violations of civil and political rights in Serbia and Croatia continued.
The dissolution of post-World War II Yugoslavia became final in 1992 with international recognition of three new states (Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Hercegovina), the secession of Macedonia and the formation of a new Yugoslav state (the union of Montenegro and Serbia, including the provinces of Vojvodina and Kosovo). Croatia's and Slovenia's independence were recognized by the European Community and other countries on January 15. The European Community recognized Bosnia-Hercegovina's independence on April 6. The United States recognized Croatia, Slovenia and Bosnia-Hercegovina as independent states on April 7. The three former Yugoslav republics were admitted as member states to the United Nations on May 22. The republic of Macedonia also declared its sovereignty but the international community on the whole has not recognized that republic's independence because Greece objects to Macedonia's name, which it regards as part of Greek heritage. On April 27, the republics of Montenegro and Serbia (including the provinces of Vojvodina and Kosovo) joined to form a newYugoslav state. Few countries have recognized the current Yugoslav state as the legitimate successor to the former Yugoslavia. In September, Yugoslavia was expelled from the United Nations.
Violations of the Rules of War in Bosnia-Hercegovina and Croatia
With the support of the Yugoslav armed forces and the Serbian government, Serbian insurgents in Croatia had seized over 30 percent of Croatia's territory by January 1992, when a cease-fire between the warring factions was brokered by Cyrus Vance, Special Representative to the U.N. Secretary General. U.N. peacekeeping troops were sent to Croatia and, although full-scale fighting has subsided in most parts of the country (with the exception of some areas that border Bosnia-Hercegovina), violations of the rules of war continue in Croatia.
After Bosnia-Hercegovina's independence was recognized by the international community on April 7, Serbian armed forces and paramilitary groups and the Yugoslav People's Army (jna) launched an offensive and eventually captured 70 percent of Bosnia-Hercegovina's territory. Serbian and Yugoslav forces fought against the Bosnian (i.e., predominantly Muslim) army and Croatian forces that are both indigenous to Bosnia-Hercegovina and from Croatia proper.
On May 19, the jna announced that it was withdrawing from Bosnia-Hercegovina. However, the Belgrade authorities claimed that 80 percent of the Yugoslav Army troops in Bosnia-Hercegovina were Bosnian Serbs who would be free to remain in Bosnia-Hercegovina and fight on behalf of Serbian forces in the republic after the jna withdrawal. The result was that a force of at least 30,000 men and large quantities of war materiel, including combat planes, remained behind. Paramilitary groups based in Serbia continued to operate in Bosnia, with the knowledge and apparent support of the Serbian government. Weaponry, fuel, spare parts and other support are sent from Yugoslavia to Serbian-controlled areas of Bosnia-Hercegovina on a regular basis. Serbs and, to a lesser extent, Montenegrins from Yugoslavia cross the border to fight on behalf of the so-called army of the Serbian Republic of Bosnia-Hercegovina, the name adopted by the remnants of the former jna in Bosnia-Hercegovina.
Members of the Croatian military were also active in Bosnia-Hercegovina, particularly during the early stages of the conflict. In addition, Croats from Bosnia formed their own army-the Croatian Defense Council (hvo)-and, in some cases, fought with the predominantly Muslim Bosnian troops against Serbian forces. Croatian and Bosnian troops in Bosnia-Hercegovina receive military and other support from the republic of Croatia. Although Croatian and Bosnian (i.e., predominantly Muslim) troops are nominally aligned, tensions have increased between them. Armed clashes between Bosnian and Croatian forces in October exacerbated those tensions and led to the displacement of Muslims in the town of Prozor.
Since April, the extent and brutality of the violence in Bosnia-Hercegovina has led to extreme violations of the rules of war by all parties. The most egregious violations in both Croatia and Bosnia-Hercegovina involved the policy of "ethnic cleansing" implemented by Serbian forces. Muslim and Croatian forces also are using intimidation, harassment and violence against Serbs in some parts of Bosnia-Hercegovina and Croatia to force the flight of Serbs from areas under their control.
The Serbian policy of "ethnic cleansing" involves the summary execution, disappearance, arbitrary detention, deportation and forcible displacement of hundreds of thousands of people on the basis of their religion or nationality. The goal is to rid all Serbian-controlled areas of non-Serbs, or at least to diminish their numbers significantly. Non-Serbs who were deported from Serbian-controlled areas of Bosnia-Hercegovina were forced to sign prepared statements relinquishing ownership of their property to the Serbian authorities in the region. Serbian forces indiscriminately bombed, shelled and otherwise attacked Bosnian towns, cities and villages. They also deliberately shot at civilians, including displaced persons and refugees. Such indiscriminate use of force usually served no military purpose but was aimed at terrorizing the civilian population to induce its surrender or flight. Rampant rape and sexual abuse of women throughout Serbian-controlled areas of Bosnia-Hercegovina served a similar purpose. Deliberate and systematic torture was widespread in Serbian-controlled detention camps throughout Bosnia-Hercegovina, and summary executions, disappearances, severe beatings and sexual abuse were common there. The extentof the violence and its selective nature along ethnic and religious lines suggest crimes of genocidal character against Muslim and, to a lesser extent, Croatian populations in Bosnia-Hercegovina.
Despite a tenuous truce in Croatia, Serbian forces there also continued their campaign of "ethnic cleansing" in areas under their control. Non-Serbs who remain in the Serbian-controlled areas of the so-called Krajina region and eastern Slavonia have been murdered, disappeared, deported and forcibly displaced. In the latter part of 1992, "ethnic cleansing" in Serbian-controlled areas of eastern Slavonia increased despite the deployment of U.N. peacekeeping troops to the region. Moderate Serbs who voiced their opposition to the increasing violence and totalitarianism in Serbian-controlled areas were also murdered.
Croatian forces in Croatia and Croatian and Muslim forces in Bosnia-Hercegovina also were guilty of forcibly displacing Serbs on territory under their control. Croatian forces destroyed homes and entire villages once occupied by Serbs to prevent their return. This destruction was most serious in Slavonia and Dalmatia. A campaign of intimidation was used against Serbs in Croatia and in Croatian- and Muslim-controlled territories of Bosnia-Hercegovina to displace Serbs from those regions. Muslim forces destroyed Serbian villages in the Konjic municipality in Bosnia-Hercegovina. Croatian forces destroyed Serbian villages in the Capljina municipality in western Hercegovina. Croatian and Muslim forces in Bosnia-Hercegovina have detained Serbian civilians as hostages for the purpose of negotiating prisoner exchanges.
Violations of Civil and Political Rights in Yugoslavia
Serbian forces-primarily paramilitary groups-also undertook a policy of "ethnic cleansing" in Yugoslavia, primarily in the republic of Serbia. Methods used included intimidation, harassment, discrimination and forced displacement against Muslims, Croats, Hungarians and Albanians. The Serbian government of President Slobodan Milo_ević was silent in the face of these abuses, which many believe it condoned.
In the province of Vojvodina, Serbian paramilitaries and local extremists, with the apparent blessing of local, provincial and republican governments, led the campaign to displace forcibly non-Serbs from the area. Croats, Hungarians and others were expelled by Serbian militants from the villages of Hrtkovci, Sid, Slankamen, Indjija, Beksa, Petrovaradin, Plavna, Golubinci and Kukujevci. Most Serbs who were permanent residents of these villages did not support the expulsion of their non-Serbian neighbors and often intervened on their behalf. But Serbian refugees from Croatia and Bosnia-Hercegovina, in conjunction with Serbian paramilitary groups and political extremists, terrorized, beat and harassed non-Serbs in Vojvodina, forcing them to flee Yugoslavia. Their homes later were occupied by Serbian refugees from Croatia and Bosnia-Hercegovina.
Similarly, in the region of Sandžak, which straddles Serbia and Montenegro, violence by Serbian paramilitaries and local extremists forced Muslims to flee, particularly from the villages of Pljevlja, Priboj and Sjeverin. Some Sandzak Muslims have been murdered and disappeared by Serbian paramilitary forces. Helsinki Watch also received reports that Yugoslav military personnel, who were present in large numbers in Sandzak, were responsible for harassing and, in some cases, beating Muslims in Sandžak and demanding that they leave Serbia. Muslim refugees who had fled or been displaced from eastern Bosnia initially sought refuge in predominantly Muslim enclaves of Sandžak. Many have since left the region or are planning to leave because they feel threatened by the heavy military presence and paramilitary activity in the area, which reminds them of the persecution they had faced from those forces in Bosnia-Hercegovina.
Repression against the ethnic Albanian population in Kosovo continued in 1992. The Albanians, who comprise 90 percent of Kosovo's population, refused to recognize the Serbian government's abolition of autonomous status for the province and the establishment of direct rule from Belgrade. Instead, the Albanians formed their own parallel government and professional and civic institutions. Meetings of the underground Albanian government were banned, dispersed or obstructed by the Serbian police. Albanians continued to be arbitrarily detained, tortured and otherwise mistreated in detention. Dismissal of Albanians from their jobs on the basis of their ethnicity continued. Some Albanian workers were also illegally evicted from their homes. Albanianscontinued to be jailed for nonviolent political offenses, including possession of certain Albanian-language publications and participation in peaceful demonstrations. Most Albanians were sentenced to 30- to 60-day prison terms for such "offenses" and many served such prison terms multiple times. Freedom of the Albanian-language press remained restricted in Kosovo. The daily Albanian-language newspaper, Rilindja, remains banned. Articles and illustrations that were contrary to Serbian policy were banned, and journalists and editors were arrested and imprisoned. Serbs and Montenegrins were given preferential treatment before the law. A longstanding record of human rights abuses and discrimination against ethnic Albanians in Kosovo has socially and economically marginalized that population. Thousands of Albanians have fallen into poverty and been forced to emigrate. Conversely, Serbs and Montenegrins have been accorded economic and political incentives to settle in Kosovo.
In 1992, the federal Yugoslav government of Prime Minister Milan Panić took modest steps to improve ethnic relations in Yugoslavia. Members of the new Yugoslav government met with non-Serbs in Vojvodina, Sandžak and Kosovo. The federal police were sent to the village of Pljevlja after paramilitary activity and violence increased in the town. The local paramilitary leader in Pljevlja was later arrested. Although such steps by the federal government were commendable, they were inadequate and had few results, as paramilitary activity, violence and harassment toward non-Serbs increased throughout Yugoslavia, with the apparent approval of the Serbian government of Slobodan Milo_ević. Members of the federal Yugoslav government claimed that the arrest of Serbian paramilitary leaders and their followers, who are responsible for much of the ethnic violence in Yugoslavia, lies within the jurisdiction of the Serbian and Montenegrin republican governments. But the federal government itself had a duty to arrest, prosecute and punish those responsible for violations of federal and international laws, including war crimes committed in Bosnia-Hercegovina.
The mainstream Serbian media continued to be controlled by the Serbian government, although Serbian journalists demanded more vocally than in prior years that professional and not political criteria define their work. The Politika publishing house and television station became more independent in 1992. The opposition media in Yugoslavia remains concentrated in the Belgrade area. The opposition station Radio B92 has long been denied access to frequencies that would enable it to broadcast into central Serbia, the bastion of Slobodan Milo_ević's support. An independent weekly, Vreme, continued to publish in Belgrade without any interference from the Serbian government.
Violations of Civil and Political Rights in Croatia
In addition to the violations of the rules of war noted above, most of the human rights violations in Croatia in 1992 involved discrimination against Serbs and restrictions on freedom of speech, association and the press. In Croatia, local government, police and military officials and individual extremists continued to perpetrate acts of violence against Serbs and to discriminate against and harass them, to force them to leave Croatia. Although many of these Serbs were law-abiding citizens of Croatia, some local Croatian extremists branded them supporters of, or collaborators with, the Serbian insurgents in Croatia and Bosnia-Hercegovina. The methods used to supplant Serbs from their homes in territory under Croatian control included dismissal from jobs, destruction of property, questioning by the police and general harassment by individual extremists. Although disappearances of Serbs decreased in 1992, Helsinki Watch received reports from family members of a Serb who had been abducted by unknown persons in the municipality of Djakovo and whose whereabouts remain unknown. Violence against Serbs and threats against peace activists in Osijek increased in the latter part of the year. Although most of the violence appeared to be organized and perpetrated locally, the republican government of President Franjo Tudjman did little, if anything, to punish and prevent such attacks. Although it promised to bring the perpetrators to justice, the Croatian government failed to arrest, prosecute or punish those responsible for the October 1991 massacre of at least 23 Serbs in Gospić. Nor did the Croatian government take steps in 1992 to punish and prevent mistreatment in detention of persons held by the Sisak police. The Croatian government also has failed to investigate thoroughly and to prosecute those responsible for abuses committed elsewhere in Croatia.
Throughout 1992, the Croatian government filed criminal charges againstthousands of Serbs believed to have participated in the Serbian insurrection or committed war crimes in Croatia. In most cases, these Serbs were indicted under the Croatian criminal code for having "participated in or organized an armed rebellion." Some Serbs were tried and sentenced in absentia because they remained in Serbian-controlled areas of Croatia and Bosnia-Hercegovina or in Yugoslavia. In certain cases, the charges brought against Serbs appeared justifiable but in many instances little evidence existed to support the indictments. Rather, thousands of persons were arbitrarily indicted on the basis of their ethnicity or political affiliation.
In October, the Croatian parliament adopted an amnesty law that exempted from prosecution all those who had fought on the side of Serbian forces in Croatia (i.e, between August 1990 and September 25, 1992). The law did not exempt from prosecution those believed to have committed grave breaches of international humanitarian law (i.e., war crimes). The criteria that will be used to determine who will be amnestied and who will be classified as a "war criminal" has not been fully explicated. Although Helsinki Watch welcomes the amnesty law, we believe that those who are guilty of war crimes as defined by international law should be brought to justice, including members of the Croatian army and police, as well as Serbian insurgents. Moreover, the criteria used to determine who is a war criminal must be objectively based upon credible evidence.
Freedom of speech, association and the press were restricted in Croatia in 1992. In May, the president of the Serbian Democratic Forum, Milorad Pupovac; the president of the Croatian Party of Rights, Dobroslav Paraga; Danas columnist Jelena Lovrić; Globus columnist Tanja Torbarina; Globus editor-in-chief Denis Kulji_; and Slobodna Dalmacija journalists Viktor Ivančić, Predrag Lucić and Boris Dežulović were charged by organs of the Croatian government with slander, "spread[ing] false information" and "disturbing the public." All had criticized the Croatian government, President Tudjman or former government officials. Jelena Lovrić was found guilty and sentenced to six months of probation. In other cases, charges were dropped or charges remain in effect but prosecution has not proceeded. The Croatian government has also repeatedly filed charges against members of the right-wing Croatian Party of Rights. While some of the charges appeared justifiable (e.g., illegal formation of paramilitary groups), others were based on the expression of the party's political view or its leadership's criticism of President Tudjman.
For almost two years, the Croatian government has tried to assume control over the independent daily newspaper Slobodna Dalmacija, which was privatized in 1990. In mid-1992, the Croatian government's Agency for Restructuring and Development once again refused to recognize the paper's privatization and claimed that it remained public property. Croatian courts have upheld the privatization of the paper, which does not espouse the views of the Croatian government or the ruling political party, the Croatian Democratic Union. The Croatian government has refused to accept the courts' rulings and in mid-1992 resumed efforts to bring Slobodna Dalmacija under its control. The government dismissed the paper's managing director and appointed a "managing committee" to oversee management of the paper. Helsinki Watch believes the Croatian government's long-term harassment of Slobodna Dalmacija violates freedom of the press in Croatia. In a similar case, prolonged harassment of the independent weeklies Danas and Novi Danas forced their closures in 1992.
The Croatian government also obstructed freedom of association and expression. On May 5, a founding meeting of the Social Democratic Union, a left-of-center political party, was banned by the Croatian police. Rather than protect the delegates from a crowd of protestors that had gathered outside the hall, the police cancelled the meeting for "security reasons." In early April, the Croatian police banned an International Peace Conference organized by the Croatian Anti-War Council on the island of Vis, where Yugoslav army personnel were stationed at the time. Again, the Croatian government cited "security reasons," on the grounds that Yugoslav forces could use the meeting as a pretext to repress the island's Croatian inhabitants. The Croatian government added that "any discussion [regarding] the future military status of this strategically important island can be organized only when the Republic of Croatia regain[s] its full sovereignty over the island."
Citizenship in Croatia has been arbitrarily granted over the past year. Many Serbs, Muslims, Albanians and some Croats who are otherwise residents ofCroatia have been denied citizenship because they were not born in the country. Helsinki Watch has received reports that several persons born in Croatia also were denied citizenship for reasons that remain unclear. The Croatian government formed a commission in late 1992 to investigate, and possibly revise, any discrepancies involving the granting of citizenship. In the interim, those who remain without proper documents have been denied pensions or social security benefits. Also, students who have not obtained proof of citizenship can only be admitted or continue their enrollment in a university if they pay a fee, whereas those who have obtained Croatian citizenship continue to attend classes free of charge.
Civil and Political Rights in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Macedonia and Slovenia
Almost all of the violations of civil and political rights in Bosnia-Hercegovina were connected to the war in that country. Serbian forces in Bosnia-Hercegovina abducted Vladimir Srebrov, a writer of Serbian ethnicity, when he traveled to the Iližda section of Sarajevo to negotiate with Serbian forces. His captors said that they would try Srebrov for "treason" because he had failed to align himself with Serbian forces fighting against the Bosnian government. Similarly, the Bosnian government issued warrants for the arrest of two Sarajevo-based correspondents for the Belgrade-based daily Borba. The Bosnian government has accused the two journalists of "spying" for Serbian forces and both remain in hiding in Sarajevo.
In Macedonia, ethnic Albanians (who comprise approximately 30 percent of the republic's population) sought greater autonomy, including the recognition of Albanian as an official language in civic and governmental institutions. Although the Macedonian government of Kiro Gligorov dealt judiciously with Albanian groups, tensions between Albanian and Macedonian communities persist. No serious abuses of civil or political rights were reported in Slovenia in 1992.
The Right to Monitor
Human rights monitoring in Bosnia-Hercegovina became increasingly difficult and dangerous in 1992. Indiscriminate shelling and bombing of civilian centers, land mines, road barricades, vigilante violence and indiscriminate shooting at civilian vehicles made travel and on-site investigation of abuses extremely difficult. Road barricades and increasing vigilante violence in Serbian-controlled areas of Croatia also impeded the ability to monitor in those regions. Human rights monitors, including U.N. Special Rapporteur Tadeusz Mazowiecki, were prevented from visiting detention centers in Serbian-controlled areas of Bosnia-Hercegovina. Local Croatian police and military officials at road barricades prevented inspection of certain areas in western Slavonia and Serbian police and military forces obstructed movement in Serbian-controlled areas of Croatia and Bosnia-Hercegovina. In Yugoslavia, the ability of monitors to take testimony also was impeded by the intimidating presence of the police in Kosovo and military and paramilitary forces in Sandžak. Despite such impediments, a variety of governmental and nongovernmental groups have monitored violations of human rights and humanitarian law in Croatia, Bosnia-Hercegovina and Yugoslavia.
In Bosnia-Hercegovina, a government commission (comprised of Serbs, Muslims and Croats) has been documenting violations of the rules of war in that country. In Croatia, several fledgling peace groups and professional associations have begun monitoring violations of human rights in their country. The Serbian Democratic Forum continued to document violations of human rights against Serbs in Croatia. As noted, the Croatian government has filed criminal charges against the Forum's leader.
In Yugoslavia, Albanian, Muslim and Serbian groups monitored abuses against non-Serbs and violations of civil and political rights throughout Serbia. Some Croatian and Hungarian groups also documented abuses committed against their ethnic groups. The major human rights monitoring group in Kosovo, the Council for the Defense of Human Rights and Freedoms in Kosovo, continued to monitor abuses without direct interference by the Serbian government. However, several members of the Council were arrested for their participation in activities of the underground Albanian government in Kosovo. In 1992, the federal Yugoslav government established a Ministry for Human Rights, which is led by Momcilo Grubac. Grubac visited sites of ethnic violence and strife and met with non-Serbs who were victims of physical assault, discrimination and harassment.
Though not their primary responsibility, the European Community Monitoring Mission, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and the United Nations Protection Force operating in Croatia and Bosnia-Hercegovina monitored violations of human rights and humanitarian law. In some cases, protests were issued to the authorities responsible for such abuses but in most cases violations documented were kept confidential.
The Role of the International Community
Efforts by the international community to bring peace to Bosnia-Hercegovina generally have failed. The United Nations, the European Community (ec) and the United States focused attention on adopting resolutions and negotiating and maintaining cease-fires, but failed to enforce or realize measures they had adopted. Although a series of trade and military sanctions against Serbia were belatedly applied, the international community did not find a way to stop or prevent egregious violations of the laws of war that continued to occur not only as a result of armed conflict but also in occupied areas where fighting had largely ceased.
The United Nations
In 1992, a United Nations Protection Force (unprofor) was sent to keep a tenuous peace between Serbs and Croats in Croatia. unprofor was later expanded and sent to war-torn Bosnia-Hercegovina. In both cases, U.N. efforts have had minimal success. In early and mid-1992, 14,000 U.N. troops were dispatched to Croatia in accordance with a peacekeeping plan for the region. According to the general provisions of the plan, United Nations Protection Areas (unpas) were formed in regions of Croatia where Serbs comprised a majority or substantial minority of the population. Three of the four unpas are controlled by Serbian forces (northern and southern Krajina and eastern Slavonia) and the fourth (western Slavonia) is controlled partly by Serbian and partly by Croatian forces.
U.N. forces were charged with demilitarizing the unpas by ensuring the withdrawal of the Yugoslav army and demobilizing all armed groups. The unprofor plan calls for maintaining the political status quo in the unpas, that is, the continued functioning, on an interim basis and under U.N. supervision, of the existing local authorities and police until an overall political solution is reached. Accordingly, the Serbian-controlled local governments in Krajina and eastern Slavonia continued to have jurisdiction over those areas, as did the Croatian-controlled local governments in parts of western Slavonia. Although the existing political authorities in each unpa remained, the plan required that the composition of the local police force reflect the ethnic composition of the community before hostilities commenced. U.N. forces were to monitor the work of the local police, and assist in repatriating all persons displaced from their homes in the unpas. U.N. troops were also responsible for securing the well-being of the population currently living in the unpas and those returning to their homes in those areas.
The unprofor mission in Croatia has been partially successful in that the presence of U.N. troops in the unpas prevented a renewed outbreak of fighting in the country in 1992. However, Serbian forces refused to disarm in areas under their control and the unprofor mission did little to force compliance with the disarmament plan. As a result, the rest of the U.N. peacekeeping plan could not be implemented. The police force in Serbian-controlled unpas remains Serbian, and non-Serbs expelled from their homes in those regions have not been allowed to return. (The exception is western Slavonia, where Croatian and Serbian forces have disarmed and steps toward repatriation of the displaced have slowly begun.) U.N. forces were unable to secure the well-being of the non-Serbian population in Serbian-controlled unpas, and forcible displacement, expulsions, killings, disappearances, physical abuse and harassment of the remaining non-Serbs continued in 1992. Moreover, moderate Serbs who opposed the extreme positions of the local authorities in Serbian-controlled unpas were murdered or disappeared. Despite its mandate, the U.N. peacekeeping force was unable to prevent or punish such actions in Serbian-controlled areas of Croatia.
With the outbreak of war in Bosnia-Hercegovina, the unprofor mission in Croatia was expanded into Bosnia. U.N. efforts in Bosnia-Hercegovina focused on peacekeeping, the delivery of humanitarian aid, and the imposition of sanctions against Yugoslavia. But the U.N. did little, if anything, to address thecommission of war crimes on a mass scale.
U.N. peacekeeping forces were dispatched to Bosnia-Hercegovina when there was no longer any peace to keep, and U.N. troops in the country operated without a clear mandate, their efforts marked by disorganization and political indecision. Disagreements among members of the Security Council and between the Security Council and the U.N. Secretary General Boutros Boutros-Ghali impeded the ability of the U.N. to speak decisively and with one voice. U.N. member states expected much from U.N. efforts but were unwilling to commit the necessary financial resources to implement plans. Moreover, the parties to the conflict frequently did not negotiate in good faith, thereby hampering U.N. operations in the region. U.N. efforts to deliver humanitarian aid to besieged areas of Bosnia-Hercegovina were impeded by continued fighting. Although a resolution was passed to provide armed escorts and to use force to protect shipments of humanitarian aid, such a resolution was enforced only once-on November 19, when a French battalion fired on Serbian forces attacking a relief convoy in Bosanska Krupa. Attacks on convoys carrying humanitarian aid continued throughout 1992.
On May 15, the U.N. Security Council adopted Resolution 752, which called for an immediate cease-fire and an end to ethnic oppression in Bosnia-Hercegovina. It required Yugoslavia, particularly the republic of Serbia, to cease all interference in Bosnia-Hercegovina, and to use its influence to promote a cease-fire, oversee the disbanding and disarming of elements of the jna and irregular Serbian forces, and end efforts to create a purely Serbian enclave by driving out other ethnic groups.
On May 30, the Security Council approved a resolution that imposed economic and trade sanctions on the Belgrade government as a means of enforcing the earlier demands. The resolution cited Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, which requires compliance by all U.N. members with efforts to deal with "threats to international peace and security." The sanctions required all member states to cease trading in any commodity, including oil, with Yugoslavia and to freeze its foreign assets. All air traffic links with the country were suspended, and no one was allowed to repair, service, operate, insure or provide spare parts for aircraft registered in Serbia or Montenegro. The resolution banned Yugoslavia from participating in any international sporting event and required all countries to suspend cultural, scientific and technical contacts with Belgrade and to reduce the size of its diplomatic missions.
In October, the U.N. Security Council adopted a resolution that banned Serbian military flights over Bosnia-Hercegovina. However, the resolution did not provide for enforcement of the ban. Serbian forces later agreed to send their military aircraft to airfields under U.N. supervision so that they could not be used in further fighting. However, Serbian forces flew some missions in violation of the ban just after it was imposed and later violations also occurred. On November 16, the U.N. ordered a maritime blockade of Yugoslavia to enforce compliance with the sanctions. On November 18, the nato allies agreed to enforce the naval blockade through stop-and-search operations of vessels traveling along the Adriatic coast and the Danube river.
Helsinki Watch supports the imposition of U.N. sanctions against Yugoslavia. Indeed, we believe such sanctions were long overdue. Sanctions should have been imposed against Serbia and Yugoslavia much earlier for their suppression of rights in Kosovo and their violations of the laws of war in Croatia, particularly for the use of indiscriminate force, the summary executions of civilians and disarmed combatants, and the detention of thousands of civilians, especially after the city of Vukovar fell to Serbian and Yugoslav forces. Had sanctions been imposed against the Serbian government early in the Balkan conflict, Serbian and Yugoslav forces might have been discouraged from committing further atrocities in Bosnia-Hercegovina.
Moreover, enforcement of U.N. sanctions remained unbalanced. Armaments, fuel and other materials used by Serbian armed forces continued to enter Yugoslavia despite sanctions. On the other hand, the sanctions provided no exemptions for the independent press in Yugoslavia, thereby hampering the ability of independent forces from disseminating views opposed to Serbian policies in the former Yugoslavia. The sanctions also imposed unnecessarily complicated approval procedures which the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and relief organizations had to follow before humanitarian aid could be distributed in Yugoslavia. Helsinki Watch believes that sanctions should not restrict theprovision of aid or trade that is essential to meet basic needs for food, shelter, clothing, sanitation or medical care. Also, in general, we oppose sanctions that restrict the provision of aid, sales or exchanges for the purpose of disseminating information or ideas. Although Helsinki Watch supports sanctions against the government-controlled press of Serbia and Montenegro because it is used as part of the governments' war propaganda efforts, we believe that independent press in Yugoslavia should be exempted from U.N. sanctions.
The United Nations possessed information confirming the existence of so-called concentration camps in Serbian-controlled areas of Bosnia-Hercegovina since at least early July. U.N. personnel stationed in Serbian-controlled areas of Croatia repeatedly informed their superiors of the existence of such camps near Bihac, Cazin, Velika Kladu_a, Bosanska Dubica, Prijedor and Banja Luka. However, high-ranking U.N. officials withheld this information from the press and public and did little, if anything, to stop abuses in the camps. Only after the international press carried articles about the camps did the U.N. and the international community respond by demanding that the camps be opened to international inspection and that all civilians be released. Some detainees were released from the camps without international supervision, only to be summarily executed by their former Serbian captors. Others fled Serbian-controlled territory upon their releases only to find that Western countries refused to accept them for resettlement, leaving them to languish in Croatia and Bosnia-Hercegovina.
At a conference in London on the Yugoslav crisis in late August, a permanent body was established in Geneva to work full-time on the former Yugoslav republics. After the resignation of Lord Peter Carrington as chair of the conference, Lord David Owen, a former British Foreign Secretary, and Cyrus Vance, a former U.S. Secretary of State and Special Representative of the U.N. Secretary General, were assigned to coordinate efforts to negotiate peace in the former Yugoslavia, under the joint auspices of the U.N. and the European Community. Several working groups were formed to deal with various aspects of the problem, and Tadeusz Mazowiecki, the former Polish Prime Minister, was appointed as U.N. Special Rapporteur responsible for investigating human rights abuses in Bosnia-Hercegovina.
Despite all this activity, the U.N. failed to condemn publicly and vociferously major violations of the laws of war in the manner that allocated responsibility to the guilty parties. The failure to specify those responsible for particular abuses diminished the impact of the denunciations that were made. In a misconceived emphasis on neutrality, the U.N. was especially timid in its public condemnation of Serbian forces in Bosnia-Hercegovina. Although Bosnian and Croatian forces have committed egregious abuses of the laws of war, the vast majority and systematic implementation of such abuses have been committed by Serbian forces. Moreover, the U.N. did little, if anything, to stop, prevent and punish gross abuses of human rights and humanitarian law in Bosnia-Hercegovina.
On August 13, the U.N. Security Council called on states and international humanitarian organizations to submit information on human rights abuses in the former Yugoslavia. On October 6, the Security Council adopted a resolution calling for the creation of a commission of experts to examine and analyze evidence of grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions and other violations of humanitarian international law; five experts were later appointed. While Helsinki Watch welcomes the formation of the commission, we believe that its impact would be substantially greater if an international tribunal to try war criminals was promptly established.
In contrast to the unprofor mission in Croatia and Bosnia-Hercegovina, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (unhrc) and the International Committee of the Red Cross (icrc) worked tirelessly to attend to the humanitarian needs of war victims and to document and protest, to the best of their abilities, violations of human rights and humanitarian law in Croatia and Bosnia-Hercegovina.
In late 1992, delegates from the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (csce) were dispatched to Yugoslavia. They are to monitor border points to ensure that sanctions against Yugoslavia are not violated and to monitor human rights in Vojvodina, Sandžak and Kosovo. As of this writing, their efforts remain preparatory and it is too early to assess the results of their work.
The European Community
In contrast to its activist approach in 1991, the European Community was slow and divided in its response to the war in Bosnia-Hercegovina and the former Yugoslavia in 1992. Germany was the only ec country that consistently supported an active policy in the former Yugoslavia, but it too fell silent during the latter part of the year. France supplied much humanitarian aid to Bosnia-Hercegovina but was restrained in its criticism of Serbian forces in that country. Greece sought to deflect criticism of Serbia because it viewed that state as an ally in its efforts to deny international recognition to Macedonia. Britain was particularly ambivalent about criticizing human rights abuses in the former Yugoslavia and was the most reluctant of the ec countries to accept Bosnian refugees.
An ec monitoring mission that was launched in Croatia to monitor compliance with cease-fire agreements was gradually expanded to include parts of Bosnia-Hercegovina in 1992. However, when a member of the ec monitoring mission was killed near Mostar on May 2, the ec suspended its mission to Bosnia-Hercegovina the following day. On May 12, the last ec monitors withdrew from Sarajevo, declaring it too dangerous.
From the outbreak of war in Bosnia-Hercegovina, the ec sought to act as a broker of peace. However, after multiple rounds of unsuccessful talks, the ec deferred its efforts and let the U.N. take the lead in peace negotiations, under the auspices of an ongoing joint ec-U.N. effort.
ec negotiations were largely unsuccessful due to the lack of good faith by all parties, especially by Serbian forces, who continued to shell Sarajevo and other Bosnian cities despite assurances to the contrary. However, the failure of the ec conference also lies, in part, with the ec negotiators, who were more interested in reconciling the various parties than in ensuring that pledges were fulfilled and that gross abuses were denounced and punished.
Most ec countries have taken steps to implement U.N. sanctions against Yugoslavia. (However, petroleum and other aid frequently arrived to Serbia through Greece.) On July 10, European members of nato and the Western European Union sent frigates and destroyers to patrol Yugoslavia's coast in an effort to ensure enforcement of the U.N. sanctions. On July 20, the ec accepted the opinion of its legal experts that the state formed by Serbia and Montenegro could not be regarded as the successor state to the former Yugoslavia and thus must apply anew to the U.N. and more than 40 other international bodies.
The U.S. position toward the human rights situation in the former Yugoslav republics has been sluggish and inconsistent. The Bush administration initially misread the situation in the Balkans and then groped to define a policy that swung between complacency and active engagement. The lack of overall policy toward the former Yugoslav republics undercut the administration's ability to respond to grave human rights abuses.
In early 1992, the United States failed to exert its influence on Serbian authorities to end the forcible displacement of non-Serbs in Croatia. The U.S. rhetorically insisted on compliance with the U.N. peacekeeping plan but did little to force its enforcement. Only after full-scale war broke out in Bosnia-Hercegovina did the U.S. become involved. Tacitly acknowledging the ec's lack of success in the Yugoslav crisis, the U.S. tried to reestablish its waning credibility in Europe by taking the lead in responding to the Bosnian conflict. Starting in mid-April, the U.S. government issued numerous statements condemning the "ethnic cleansing" policies of Serbian forces in Bosnia-Hercegovina. On May 20, after Serbian authorities rebuffed U.S. appeals to permit safe passage of humanitarian aid into Bosnia-Hercegovina, the U.S. suspended permission for Yugoslavia's national airline to land in the U.S. The U.S. Ambassador to Yugoslavia, Warren Zimmermann, was recalled to Washington for consultations on May 16 and, on May 22, Secretary of State James Baker announced that Ambassador Zimmermann would not be returning to Yugoslavia. On May 22, the U.S. announced a series of diplomatic sanctions against Serbia, which included withdrawing military attaches and ordering the expulsion of their Yugoslav counterparts from the U.S., the closing of Yugoslav consulates in New York and San Francisco, and further reductions in the U.S. embassy staff in Belgrade. The U.S. also stated that it would withhold recognition of the Serbian-dominated government inBelgrade until Serbian forces were withdrawn from Bosnia-Hercegovina and peace was restored to the former Yugoslav republic.
On May 24 in Lisbon, Secretary Baker called for mandatory U.N. sanctions against Serbia. In his remarks, Secretary Baker prodded some European countries, particularly France and Greece, that were hesitant about imposing sanctions against Serbia. Also on May 24, Secretary Baker stated that the U.S. would not accept Serbia and Montenegro as the successor state to the former Yugoslavia in multilateral institutions.
The United States assumed an active role in initiating, drafting and implementing U.N. sanctions against the Serbian government. The U.S. moved quickly to implement the U.N. embargo against Yugoslavia and, on June 1, the U.S. Treasury Department announced that it was freezing the assets of the Yugoslav government and the republics of Serbia and Montenegro, including the state-owned airline and banks. On July 10, U.S. warships began to patrol the Yugoslav coast as part of a joint nato/Western European Union flotilla aimed at strengthening enforcement of U.N. sanctions. On November 18, the U.S. agreed to cooperate with nato enforcement of the naval blockade of Yugoslavia.
On June 23, while testifying before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Secretary Baker announced further U.S. sanctions against Yugoslavia. The sanctions, which were largely symbolic, entailed the closing of the last remaining Yugoslav consulate in the U.S., in Chicago. Secretary Baker also stated that the U.S. would more actively pursue efforts to suspend Yugoslavia from the U.N. and other international organizations. The sanctions also withdrew recognition from Belgrade's ambassador to the U.S.. On July 6, the U.S. placed further sanctions on Belgrade. The Treasury Department went beyond the U.N. embargo by extending it to all companies in Serbia and Montenegro. According to the Treasury Department, because the violence and rapid changes in the former Yugoslavia had made it difficult to identify ownership of entities subject to the economic embargo, the U.S. "was forced to regard all companies in Serbia and Montenegro and their foreign subsidiaries as either owned or controlled by the Yugoslav government." Violators of the embargo are subject to criminal fines of up to $250,000 for individuals and $500,000 for corporations, as well as imprisonment for up to ten years and civil penalties of up to $10,000 per violation.
Proposals for the use of force either to attack abusive Serbian forces or to protect humanitarian convoys carrying relief supplies were discussed and debated within the administration. On the one hand, the Defense Department strongly opposed any direct combat role for U.S. forces and the State Department was willing to use arms only in defense of relief missions. On the other hand, members of the U.S. Congress, particularly in the Senate, pressed the Bush administration to consider military intervention to halt the Serbian offensive in Sarajevo. Eventually, the administration adopted the position that it was prepared to send U.S. troops to Bosnia-Hercegovina but only to help supply and safeguard humanitarian aid and only after a durable cease-fire was negotiated. The use of force was discussed when the U.N. debated imposing a no-fly zone over Bosnia-Hercegovina in September and October. The U.S. supported the use of force to enforce the no-fly zone but yielded to French and British pressure to refrain from such action.
Once U.N. and U.S. sanctions against Yugoslavia were in place, the U.S. seemed to disengage from the Bosnian situation. When reports of detention camps in Bosnia-Hercegovina appeared in the press, the Bush administration first confirmed and then tried to minimize the severity of the abuses taking place there. Press reports and leaked U.N. documents indicated that the abuses in the camps were systematically perpetrated against persons solely on the basis of their ethnic or religious affiliation. Initial efforts by the Bush administration to minimize the severity of the abuses appeared aimed at deflecting public calls for the use of force in Bosnia-Hercegovina. Only after continuing pressure to respond to the atrocities did Acting Secretary of State Lawrence Eagleburger issue a public call on August 5 for a war crimes investigation. In late August, George Kenney, the Yugoslav desk officer at the State Department, resigned his position to protest the timidity and lack of resolve in U.S. policy toward Bosnia-Hercegovina.
Despite a lack of foresight, the Bush administration should be commended for vigorously mobilizing international support for the long-overdue step ofimposing U.N. sanctions against Yugoslavia. Helsinki Watch also welcomed President Bush's November proposal to create an international civilian force that could include Americans to monitor Serbian abuses in Kosovo. The U.S. embassy in Belgrade and the consulate in Zagreb have done a commendable job of documenting and protesting violations of human rights committed by all sides in the former Yugoslavia. However, U.S. protests concerning abuses against Serbs and suppression of freedom of the press in Croatia, while vociferous in early 1992, have been less frequent in the latter part of the year.
Helsinki Watch was pleased by the leadership role of the U.S. in urging a U.N. investigation of war crimes in the former Yugoslavia and by U.S. efforts to provide documentation to the commission. As a party to the 1951 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, the United States has committed that it will "undertake to prevent and punish this crime" (Article I). In addition, the Convention authorizes the United States to call upon the United Nations to take appropriate action under the U.N. Charter "for the prevention and suppression of acts of genocide." It is beyond the competence of Helsinki Watch to determine all the steps that may be required to prevent and suppress the crime of genocide-a matter that rests with the Security Council. However, Helsinki Watch believes that the United States should take the lead at the United Nations in seeking action that is "appropriate for the prevention and suppression of acts of genocide" as provided in Article VIII of the Genocide Convention.
The Work of Helsinki Watch
Helsinki Watch maintained one or more staff members in the former Yugoslavia throughout 1992. Staff representatives investigated human rights abuses and sustained contacts with human rights activists, government officials and members of the press in all of the former Yugoslav republics. Helsinki Watch also devoted time to helping fledgling human rights groups in Serbia and Croatia develop their methodology and organize their work to address the rights of all citizens in their republics, not just the rights of the ethnic group to which they happen to belong.
Helsinki Watch conducted several missions to the former Yugoslavia in 1992. An investigation in Croatia and Serbia examined violations of the rules of war in Croatia in December 1991 and January 1992. The mission also investigated the status of civil and political rights in Croatia and Serbia. In January, Helsinki Watch sent a lengthy letter to Serbian President Slobodan Milo_ević and then Acting Minister of Defense and Chief of Staff of the Yugoslav People's Army, Blagoje Adžić. The letter detailed violations of the rules of war committed by Yugoslav and Serbian forces in Croatia and violations of civil and political rights in Serbia. Helsinki Watch representatives met with members of the Yugoslav People's Army and the Serbian government in January to discuss the letter. Similarly, a lengthy letter detailing abuses of the rules of war by Croatian armed forces and violations of civil and political rights in Croatia was sent to Croatian President Franjo Tudjman in February. Helsinki Watch representatives met with President Tudjman and members of the Croatian government in March to discuss that letter.
In April, May, June, September and October, Helsinki Watch sent missions to Bosnia-Hercegovina, Croatia, Slovenia and Yugoslavia to investigate rules of war violations in Bosnia-Hercegovina. Mission participants visited all of the aforementioned countries and interviewed victims and witnesses to abuses, refugees and displaced persons, local officials, combatants and U.N. personnel. Detention camps and prisons operated by Croatian, Muslim and Serbian forces were visited. A report documenting our findings and criticizing the work of the international community, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, was released in August. An update on the human rights situation in Bosnia-Hercegovina will be released in mid-December.
In conjunction with the release of its August report, Helsinki Watch called on the U.N. Security Council to exercise its authority under the 1951 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide to prevent and suppress genocide in Bosnia-Hercegovina. Helsinki Watch also called on the Security Council to enforce the prohibition of "grave breaches" of the Geneva Conventions by establishing an international tribunal to investigate, prosecute, adjudicate and punish those responsible from all sides for war crimes on the territory of the former Yugoslavia. In its August report, Helsinki Watch named nine Serbianparamilitary leaders, Serbian political figures and Yugoslav army personnel against whom sufficient evidence is available to warrant an investigation to determine whether they had committed war crimes in the former Yugoslavia. Helsinki Watch also called for the investigation by the aforementioned tribunal of the murder by Croatian forces of at least 23 Serbs in the city of Gospić in late 1991.
On the basis of several missions in the past 18 months, Helsinki Watch released a report in October, Yugoslavia: Human Rights Abuses in Kosovo, 1990-1992. The report documented violations against Albanians in Kosovo, including mistreatment in detention, restrictions on freedom of association and the press, discrimination in employment and education, and the general social and economic marginalization of the Albanian population in the province. The report also described the manipulation of the legal system by Serbian authorities to discriminate against Albanians in Kosovo.
In February, Helsinki Watch sent a letter to Serbian President Slobodan Milo_ević and then Acting Minister of Defense and Chief of Staff of the Yugoslav People's Army Blagoje Adžić expressing concern that prisoners captured after the fall of Vukovar were being executed in Bač, Vojvodina. In May, Helsinki Watch sent a letter to Croatian President Franjo Tudjman protesting efforts by the Croatian government to silence opposition journalists and political figures. On July 1, 1991, Helsinki Watch sent a letter to Dobrica Ćo_ić, the President of Yugoslavia, and several Yugoslav military officials expressing concern that Croats being tried for "war crimes" in Belgrade were denied due process, had been beaten in detention, and had been forced to confess to crimes under duress.
In 1992, Helsinki Watch testified before the U.S. Congress on three occasions regarding the former Yugoslavia. On February 5, Helsinki Watch testified at a hearing of the csce Commission on prospects for peace and human rights in the former Yugoslav republics. Helsinki Watch testified on human rights in the republic of Serbia on August 10 before the Trade Subcommittee of the House Ways and Means Committee. On September 16, in testimony regarding free trade and ideas before the Subcommittees on International Economic Policy and Trade and International Operations of the House Foreign Affairs Committee, Helsinki Watch noted that U.S. sanctions that ban cultural and informational exchanges with Yugoslavia wrongly include the independent press and other independent institutions in Yugoslavia. | <urn:uuid:3108b44d-958c-4587-9142-bdc897a22440> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.hrw.org/reports/1993/WR93/Hsw-10.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00025-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965687 | 10,910 | 3.265625 | 3 |
Taking Out the Garbage
There are several solutions to this problem. One approach that has worked well with scripting languages in the past is JIT (Just-in-Time) compilation. Here, code is compiled to native machine code as needed. This approach only works well with routines that are called over and over. If you're calling a routine just once-one that doesn't have many for loops-it's often faster to just interpret it rather than first compile it and then run it. The compilation can take longer than just running the interpreted form. But if you have a routine that's called over and over, compiling it the first time and then running the compiled form can make a big difference.
If you've programmed in C++, you're well aware that before you can access a class, you need to have the class fully defined. Typically you'll put your class definition in a header file. This definition includes the word "class," the name of the class, and a list of all the member variables and member functions. Later in your code you can create objects that are instances of the class.
The class is much like a cookie cutter for objects. Once the program is running and you create an object, the object has the members it will have until it is destroyed. You can change the value of the members (such as changing the height member of a Rectangle object from 10 to 20 or changing the balance member of the CheckingAccount object from 100 to 100,000,000) but you can't add or remove members. While your program is running, you can't add a depth member to your Rectangle class. The only way you can make changes is by changing the code and recompiling. But then when you run the program, all your Rectangle objects will have the new member.
In fact, although it's not necessarily the best programming practice, you can even provide the user of your program with a text box where he or she can type in a name, and then you can add a member to an object by that name. Thus, your user could suggest the name eWEEK for a member, and you could add that member to the object and give it a value.
And further, that value can be any type you want-again something totally different from C++. In C++, if you have a Rectangle class with members Height and Width and you specify that they are to hold integers, then you can't store a string in one of these members while the program is running. In fact, the compiler will catch it and stop you while you're compiling before you're even able to run the program.
Googles Solution: Hidden Classes
Hidden Classes in V8
Google drew on its team members' expertise with earlier compiled, dynamic languages, such as an experimental language called Self (created when the team members worked at Sun Microsystems). To a programmer like myself, the concept at first sounds horrible. When I first read about it I was shocked that they would do something so seemingly inefficient. But in fact, it works beautifully.
During this time, your object went through three stages: First it had no members, then it had only one member, then it had two members.
While compiling the code, V8 will create in the background a compiled class (just like you have in C++ at run-time) that contains no members. Then as the compiler discovers the line of code that adds a Width member, the compiler will create a second class, this one with the Width member. Then as the compiler encounters the next line, it will create a third class, this one with the Width and Height members.
That's right, it creates three classes. But the compiler is smart, because later on in your code, when you create several instances of your Rectangle class, the compiler will know to use the third class.
Of course, that's sort of a simple example. In fact, you might add the eWEEK member to one of your objects outside of the constructor. In that case, the compiler will create a fourth class, this one including the eWEEK member.
In other words, you might have multiple instances of Rectangle, and behind the scenes several of them may share the third class, while others might have their own separate class. These are called hidden classes.
Taking Out the Garbage
Collecting the Garbage
If not, here's how it works: Suppose I create a Rectangle object. I use that in a calculation. Then I'm done with the object. In a language like C++, you write a line of code that tells the run-time library that you're done with the object. The run-time library will then delete the object and allow the part of memory where the object was stored to be used again for other objects.
But the problem is the object might get saved away as a member within yet another object. Then the run-time can't delete the first object until this other object is no longer needed! Can you say, big mess? Yes, there is more than one reason it's called "garbage collection," and I'm sure some people would like to include other choice words instead of garbage, as well as directives about other people cleaning up their own, uh, messes.
Garbage collection is always a problem with languages, because often the actual garbage collector (the code that does the cleaning) only runs occasionally, and when it does, the program slows waaaaaaay down.
Google describes in its developer documentation a sophisticated garbage collector that Chrome uses. This collector stops everything and does its job very quickly while only collecting what's necessary, and then allowing everything else to resume. Personally, that sounds suspicious to me; however, I can understand how that could be better than having the garbage collector slowly churn away for minutes on end while you're continuing to do your work, albeit slowly, due to the garbage collector slowing everything down-and, with the work you're doing slowing the garbage collector down, causing it to run even longer. So perhaps this new method is better.
I have a couple of Web sites I use regularly, including one for checking my personal e-mail via a Web interface. This particular interface is really nice, but it's always been horribly slow. For that reason, I only use it when necessary.
I tried it using Chrome and was impressed. The first time the Compose box opened, it was a little sluggish as all those formatting buttons slowly drew. But the next time I ran it, it opened instantly, and definitely felt like I was using a desktop (in other words, non-Web) application. Now this, of course, is just anecdotal and not a benchmark test. But it was fast.
But is Chrome's V8 faster than the latest development build of Firefox? And is it faster than anything Microsoft might secretly be doing? (I'm bettin' that Microsoft is working on its own native compilers, although I don't know for sure.)
So far, the jury is out. I've seen pages "proving" through benchmarks that V8 is faster than Firefox's new engine. But I've also seen pages "proving" that Firefox's engine is faster. It's hard to say. One thing is for sure: They're both fast, and they both fly. And that's great news for us developers, and even better news for the users across the planet fighting with these slow Web 2.0 applications.
Jeff Cogswell is the author of Designing Highly Useable Software. Currently Jeff is a senior editor with Ziff Davis Enterprise. Prior to joining Ziff, he spent about 15 years as a software engineer, working on Windows and Unix systems, mastering C++, PHP, and ASP.NET development. He has written over a dozen books. | <urn:uuid:f656b912-c57e-494b-a5da-12e8007e0cc5> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.eweek.com/print/c/a/Search-Engines/Google-Chromes-JavaScript-is-Powered-with-a-V8-Engine/3 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718278.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00240-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960234 | 1,607 | 3.015625 | 3 |
This report introduces a graphical procedure for estimating the time required for water to travel down the Potomac River in the reach extending from Cumberland, Md., to Washington, D.C. The time of travel varies with the flow of the river; so the stage of the river at the lower end of the reach--the gaging station on the Potomac River near Washington, D.C.--is used as an index of flow. To develop the procedure, the reach between Cumberland and Washington was divided into five subreaches, delineated by six gaging stations. The average of the mean velocities of the river at adjacent gaging stations was used as the mean velocity in .the intervening subreach, and a unit mass of water was assumed to travel at a rate equal to the mean velocity of the river.
A statistical analysis of possible variations in travel time between Cumberland and Washington indicated that the shortest travel time corresponding to a given stage near Washington would be about 80 percent of the most probable travel time.
The report includes a flow-duration curve and a flow-frequency chart for use in estimating discharge at the gaging station near Washington and subsequently the travel time of Potomac River water without knowledge of stage. The flow-duration curve shows the percentage of time during which specified discharges were equaled or exceeded in the past, and it can be used to predict future flow in connection with long-range planning. The flow-frequency chart shows the time distribution of flow by months and can be used to make a more nearly accurate estimate of discharge in any given month than could be made from the flow-duration curve.
The method used to develop the time-of-travel charts is described in sufficient detail to make it usable as a guide for similar studies on other rivers, where the velocity of flow is relatively unaffected by dams and pools in the reach being studied.
Additional publication details
USGS Numbered Series
Time of travel of water in the Potomac River, Cumberland to Washington | <urn:uuid:fc91f639-ad06-4bb1-a408-6392a1cdd280> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/cir438 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285289.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00148-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.944384 | 410 | 3.484375 | 3 |
Give your aluminum siding new life by fixing, cleaning and painting it. You can do it all by yourself!
When aluminum became more easily available after World War 2, it became a popular material for siding houses. It was used because it provided protection from the weather as well as insulation to properties. Compared to wood siding, aluminum siding barely required any maintenance. However, the popularity of vinyl siding began to wane with the arrival of vinyl siding during the late 1950s.
Even if it isn’t as popular as it used to be, you shouldn’t just go about replacing your aluminium siding. Even if it’s prone to getting dented and its color is prone to fading fast, aluminum is still a top tier insulating barrier that needs very little maintenance.
As long as you’re satisfied with the performance of your aluminum siding, you should just clean, patch and paint it to preserve it.
Repairing your aluminum siding
You may want to replace any part of your aluminum siding that’s been damaged before painting it. To do so, follow these steps:
- Draw a square around the area of dented or damaged aluminium siding that you’d like to replace.
- Cut out the square you drew with tin snips and a utility knife.
- Cut out your replacement patch of aluminium siding and make sure it’s slightly bigger than the damaged piece you cut out (3 inches bigger should be enough).
- Take your tin snips to remove the nailing strip off the replacement patch.
- Spread some clear silicone caulk on the back of your replacement patch.
- Press down firmly on the replacement patch while you’re tucking it’s top behind the row of siding that runs above the area that you’re repairing.
- Clean up and wipe off any excess silicone while using your finger to smooth out where the the replacement patch meets the original aluminium siding.
Prepping the surface
The old paint on your aluminium siding needs to be scraped off. Old caulk lines need to be chiseled out and replaced with new ones. You need to scrub away mildew on your aluminium siding. Use a cleaning solution made of 3 parts water and 1 part household bleach. You can remove regular dirt or grime from your siding with a mixture of regular soap and warm water. If you want to make your life easier though, you can use a power washer to do the cleaning. Remove any aluminium oxidation or rust after all the above is done. Rinse the exterior surface of your aluminium siding with a regular garden hose. Let your aluminium siding dry for 3 to 4 days before starting to paint.
Painting your aluminum siding
- Protect the things around your aluminium siding from paint using painter’s tape and lengths of plastic sheets.
- To get the best results, use a synthetic polyester paintbrush to apply a coat of galvanized metal etching primer on your aluminium siding. Let the primer cure for a minimum of 4 hours.
- Start off by using a brush to paint the edges of your aluminium siding using 100% acrylic exterior paint. After painting the edges with a brush, fill your paint tray with a few inches of paint and dip in your roller. Run the roller over the ribbed area of the paint tray multiple times to make sure the paint gets distributed evenly over the roller. Using your paint roller, paint from the left to right if your siding is horizontal. Paint up and down if your siding is vertical. Whether your siding is horizontally or vertically oriented, start painting at the top of the siding and work your way down while smoothing any bumps in the wet paint using a clean paintbrush.
- Allow the paint to dry for at least 2 hours then add a second coat of paint to get a long-lasting finish. | <urn:uuid:0f7d61ce-87a3-46db-abaf-cec262eb0c05> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.siding4u.com/can-you-paint-aluminum-siding/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.911121 | 813 | 1.585938 | 2 |
The IP address 192.168.0.1 is the default address used for some broadband routers, specifically for different models of D-Link and Netgear. This address is pre-set by the manufacturer of the router at the factory. However, you can change this by using the network router’s administrative console.
It is a private IPv4 network address. To access the address simply type http://192.168.0.1 in the search bar of your browser. It is possible to set any router on any network to use this address or any other similar private IPv4 address.
An overview of 192.168.0.1
A broadband router is a vital constituent of any home network. If you are currently using a broadband connection to network you will automatically have access to this address. It is mainly utilized to aid in the initiation of online connections, games and or cable or DSL connections. Routers that use the IP address 192.168.0.1 will function adequately as their different elements will be combined.
You will not need to install a DHCP server and multiple switches when you use a router as it is capable of processing all the required data as a single unit. This default IP address can be changed by any user. All you will be required to do is enter the address in your Web browser and reconfigure the settings to modify your default address.
In most cases router will allow only one device to be connected to it. If another device is used it will possibly cause a network malfunction. It is important to restrict access to this account from other users by establishing a password and making any other necessary reconfigurations.
Some Additional Features
Like other private IP addresses, 192.168.0.1 can always be accessed. Even though you are restricted with the use of only one device with this IP address, it can still be used on multiple networks. This factor makes the address ideal for computers connected on a pre-existing network. It has other applications outside of broadband networks. Additionally, this IP address is also the default gateway in many computer systems. A default gateway is essential as it allows subnets to relay information to other associated subnets. It is best described as the point where data is processed and sent to a number of destinations. It is customarily found on a local area network but it can also be used as an internal address.
It is not uncommon to encounter some difficulties when using the 192.168.0.1 IP address. The solution to these issues may be resolved by going directly to the address. Once any section of your network begins to malfunction the IP address’ home page is the first place that you should check. When you have accessed the home page you will be able to check a number of controls. At this point it is possible to carry out a few processes that will include:
- Modifying the username and password as previously mentioned. This will be enacted if a security breach has been suspected, look in the WEP and DHCP settings.
- You will also be able to reconfigure the modem.
- You will be able to modify the setup of the local area network if needed.
You can try pinging address from local network by typing ping 192.168.0.1 into the command prompt of your computer. If ping is not working then maybe your router does not use that IP address at all or the connection between your computer and a router is broken.
The information is accessible to all users on the network if a password has not been employed. If you use one device that links to a communications device via a wireless modem you will see this address when you are on the main page. The process is typically very similar for Netgear and D-Link routers that use this address also. But it is still advisable to consult the manual for any other specifications.
The 192.168.0.1 is a very vital component of networks and other modern connection devices. It is necessary to learn as much about the configurations and any other information related to this address. You may encounter fewer problems; however, it can be resolved fairly quickly. | <urn:uuid:ce864859-38bf-4ab8-8b01-9052d6ed663f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.19216801.net/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.942772 | 844 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Transcribing speech for primarily oral, local languages is often a joint effort involving speakers and outsiders. It is commonly motivated by externally-defined scientific goals, alongside local motivations such as language acquisition and access to heritage materials. We explore the task of ‘learning through transcription’ through the design of a system for collaborative speech annotation. We have developed a prototype to support local and remote learner-speaker interactions in remote Aboriginal communities in northern Australia. We show that situated systems design for inclusive non-expert practice is a promising new direction for working with speakers of local languages.
|Title of host publication||Proceedings of the Fifth Workshop on the Use of Computational Methods in the Study of Endangered Languages|
|Editors||Sarah Moeller, Antonios Anastasopoulos, Antti Arppe, Aditi Chaudhary, Atticus Harrigan, Josh Holden, Jordan Lachler, Alexis Palmer, Shruti Rijhwani, Lane Schwartz|
|Place of Publication||Stroudsburg, PA|
|Publisher||Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)|
|Number of pages||10|
|Publication status||Published - May 2022| | <urn:uuid:c6d4b36c-f49f-4feb-97c9-d958875c608e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://researchers.cdu.edu.au/en/publications/learning-through-transcription | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571987.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813202507-20220813232507-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.826103 | 292 | 2.34375 | 2 |
Alternate Universe Spider-Woman, Gwen Stacy. In her Universe, Gwen Stacy was bitten by the radioactive spider rather than her best friend Peter Parker.
Originally spinning out of a series of comic covers that replaced the main title character with Gwen Stacy. Her turn as a Spider was one of the more interesting designs and Spider-Gwen (as well as GwenPool) went on to have her own comic title as well as taking part in multiple Spider Events. Like with Miles, Spider-Gwen has recently grown in the mainstream public with appearances in animated films like ‘Into The Spider-Verse’ and the last few Spider animated TV shows.
Most distinguishing characteristic:
Like most Spider people Gwen favors a full face mask, and has the standard webs and a stylized spider. The top half of her costume is white with webbing, touches of pink on the inside of the arms and hood with black leggings and, strangely, teal ballet slippers.
Also different from most of the Spider gang is the hood: white outside, pink with webs inside. The stylized spider is on her back with the legs wrapping around to her front.
Spider-Gwen has also worn a Venom suit as well, which when doing a Venom, the only rules are Black, White, Teeth and Go CRAZY.
As will the other Spider characters when using a full face mask rather than just a Nose and Mouth covering, remember to bring a lower face covering for the times when you feel like removing the full face mask. (stay safe y’all)
The fun thing about all of the Spider types is that as long as you get the colours in the general area, add webbing and a spider, almost anything is fair game.
As we will see latter this week, each Spider has had a selection of different costumes through the years. Everything from Peter in his home made costume for his Wrestling debut to his Iron Man made Iron-Spider costume.
Some are intricately detailed (Iron Spider) some are sweats and a hoodie (Scarlet Spider).
When choosing a Spider, there is no wrong way to do it. (This does not mean that non-comic people will recognize your character), As long as you have webs and a Spider on your chest everything else is details. | <urn:uuid:4c5bbb12-0564-4b63-914d-0da5ede8a47b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://comics-n-stuff.com/2020/10/09/spider-verse-gwen/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00467.warc.gz | en | 0.96445 | 484 | 1.53125 | 2 |
my previous calculus teacher stressed finding the domain of a composite function; he stressed more of finding which areas were not part of the function by means of three circles and saying the function didn't pass to the other circle unless it met the range of the other function. The textbook mostly just says the domain of the composite function is the union of the domains of the two functions. Well, I'm just wandering why the domain of the composite functions is the union of the two functions domain and I think he said multiplied by the range of one of the functions(either inside or outside. Basically, the books are not to in depth with this, and i think I need a description of the whole process with maybe a proof of why the range comes into play.(I'm thinking maybe it has to do with the way the inverse functions switch range and domain?) thanks in advance. | <urn:uuid:b0c531f9-fed3-4839-adb9-bbdde86a724f> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/the-domain-of-a-composite-function.31995/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988717783.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183837-00075-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961231 | 173 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Maryland Boating News
August 30, 2012
Proposed Reg Would Restrict Ballast Boats and Wakesurfing
A public hearing was held Tuesday, August 28, 2012 at 6 p.m. at the Maryland Department of Natural Resources in Annapolis, Maryland to discuss a proposed regulation which would restrict the areas where boaters could wakesurf on state waters. The proposal would not allow the practice of wakesurfing within 200 feet of any of the following: piers, docks, pilings, jetties, bridge structures, abutments, bulkheads, floats, buoys, channel markers, or other vessels operating in the area, at anchor or moored, or an individual or individuals in the water.
The regulation would also define artificial ballasts and require that a manufacturer's label be affixed to any portable ballast tank identifying the maximum capacity in gallons and/or weight in pounds. The weight of the ballast combined with the occupants could not exceed the maximum carrying capacity of the vessel as listed on the USCG loading label.
If you enjoy the waters of Maryland and would like to comment on the proposed regulation, please send Comments to Michael Grant, Regulations Coordinator, Maryland Department of Natural Resources-Boating Services Unit, 580 Taylor Avenue, E/4, Annapolis, Maryland 21401. Call 410-260-8013, e-mail to email@example.com or fax to 410-260-8453.
Comments will be accepted through September 24, 2012.
For specific questions about boating issues or BoatUS Government Affairs, please e-mail the department at GovtAffairs@BoatUS.com
Search and contact your local officials.
Boat owners have a big stake in what goes on in their community. Visit the BoatUS Grassroots Lobbying Toolkit and learn how to get involved!
Visit the BoatUS Press Room for national boating and BoatUS news, videos and podcasts. | <urn:uuid:89ca7062-284c-4729-8801-b61a082e7340> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.boatus.com/gov/states/archives/md/md_20120830.asp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720972.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00252-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.920836 | 408 | 1.6875 | 2 |
The Gateless Gate, by Ekai, called Mu-mon, tr. Nyogen Senzaki and Paul Reps , at sacred-texts.com
Ummon asked: "The world is such a wide world, why do you answer a bell and don ceremonial robes?"
Mumon's comment: When one studies Zen one need not follow sound or color or form. Even though some have attained insight when hearing a voice or seeing a color or a form, this is a very common way. It is not true Zen. The real Zen student controls sound, color, form, and actualizes the truth in his everyday life.
Sound comes to the ear, the ear goes to sound. When you blot out sound and sense, what do you understand? While listening with ears one never can understand. To understand intimately one should see sound. | <urn:uuid:4ff7341f-0215-4dc4-891c-d7a9ec99bec6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://sacred-texts.com/bud/glg/glg16.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00193-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.928531 | 173 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Dar es Salaam- an insight
Dar es Salaam, which when translated into English language means Haven of Peace was founded by Sultan Seyyid Majid in the year 1862. Formerly the city was known as Mzizima, it is the largest city in Tanzania. This beautiful metropolis is located on the Eastern coast of Africa.
Replete with numerous visit able sights and attraction’s Dar es Salaam gives you hundreds of reasons to plan your visit here again and again. People planning to descend hither must explore-Kigamboni, Azania Front Lutheran Church, Karimjee Hall, Zoological Gardens, Askari Monument, Makumbusho Village Museum and National Museum.
Best time to visit:
Location of Dar es Salaam is close to equator and the Indian Ocean, thus it enjoys tropical cDar es Salaamtic conditions. The best time to book your cheap flights to Dar es Salaam from London
is during its coldest months i.e. from June to September.
Flying to Dar es Salaam from the UK
Those who are planning to board their flight to Dar es Salaam from UK can board their flights from Heathrow (LHR), London Gatwick (LGW), Glasgow, or Manchester airport.
Which Airlines Fly to Dar es Salaam?
Travelers flying to Dar es Salaam can book their flights with Ethiopian, Swiss Airlines, South African Airlines, or Qatar Airways. | <urn:uuid:f93c8ad0-7f5b-4846-83f8-7661b9d7b992> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.comefli.com/flights-to/dar-es-salaam.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280900.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00005-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.926449 | 306 | 1.75 | 2 |
Let's be real. It is sort of difficult to test the side-by-side claims of one green data center practice or technology against another. So, Hewlett-Packard is trying to make it a bit easier for both is own services team and its customers: The company is dedicating a portion of its 50,000-square-foot Colorado Springs, Colorado, data center to running what it calls "sustainable data center technologies."
In the south side of its facility, the HP Labs team is trying out everything from new sensors and data analytics to free air-side cooling techniques and microgrid technologies. The technologies being tested are part of the HP Labs Sustainable Data Center Project. One of the keys is environmental sensors that measure everything from heat to humidity and other data.
The center is split into two primary halls. All other things being equal, HP will be more closely able to monitor how specific architectural or technology changes to one side of the facility help that side perform vis a vis the status quo. "We will be able to judge the delta between the two data centers," said Doug Oathout, vice president for Green IT (and Converged Infrastructure) with HP.
For example, HP plans to closely study the impact of adjusting IT workloads on the cooling needs of the data center or the effect of moving loads from one sort of disk storage technology to another. The research facility will include air- and water-side economizers that use the ambient low humidity and cool air of the Rocky Mountains region to HP's advantage. When I spoke with Oathout, he said that in the winter months, this side of the data center can draw on outside air approximately 75 percent of the time for its cooling needs. That compares with about 66 percent in the fall and 25 percent during the summer months; so you can see how different climates and seasons would be a critical factor in location selection.
As you might expect, this living and breathing sustainability test bed relies mainly on HP technologies, so I expect we will hear about it often in coming months as HP and its competitors turn up the green data center heat. | <urn:uuid:cce874ac-89d1-4d4f-ad04-7bcc6517dcd9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.zdnet.com/article/hp-assigns-colorado-data-center-to-green-tech-testing-duties/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00312-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94607 | 427 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Data Drive Advantage - Visibility
Enterprise business and government agencies are flooded with large explosion of data—about products, competitors, suppliers, and customers. This information flood is not the only issue when it comes to data management. Theirs is trend happening with employees who create and maintain files on local drives rather than shared databases, effectively creating “micro-storages” of data.
These data storages keep departments within your organization from making the beneficial decisions—and in some cases causing decisions that can harm the organization as a whole. Even today with the most technology advances enterprise data is obscured in spreadsheets and isolated information silos that have been built over time—serving critical short-term needs, but ultimately slowing the pace of decisions to a crawl.
The perception of some executives is that most of the data needed to make decisions is available “in the computer system,” or at least stored away and accessible when the need arises. But what if your system has not been structured to track and report this information? What if this information or metric is not even defined? Does everyone in your departmental organizations agree on what constitutes qualified data? Does marketing agree with sales? Until a data query is defined, formulated, and tracked, that data is likely not to be available to executives “in the system”.
Organizations that successfully navigate the parameters for data visibility gain three benefits in critical strategic areas decision-making:
1. Unified view of business actions with vision strategy
2. Valuable resource allocation and use
3. Reduction in the overall organizational strain of regulatory compliance
Discover how you can optimize now –connect today to set up a live demo. | <urn:uuid:d078951b-2a25-4258-83ba-d0f442be89b6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.tig.com/Solutions/TechnologyFocus/BigDataandBusinessAnalysis/DriveDataAdvantage.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280900.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00005-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.927715 | 343 | 1.6875 | 2 |
For my third soundbite-related post, I’d like to talk some pedagogy. This semester I’m teaching a course on copia, which in some ways would seem to be the opposite of sound-biting.
Copia is about abundance, variety, superfluity, excess, accumulation—words not normally associated with soundbite culture. The latter conjures very different terms: truncation, abbreviation, superficiality, redundancy, speed, spin. (A pretty good example of the barrenness of soundbite culture is this clip from Conan O’Brian, which I showed my students during the first week of class.)
Soundbites are the trivial nuggets of information we routinely substitute for whole stories, a habit blamed on or at least connected with several other societal trends: hyper attention, sensationalism in news media, information overload. But copia has a long history, one in which a version of soundbites has, arguably, a crucial place. When Erasmus wrote the very popular On Copia of Words and Ideas, he was careful to present copia as no spontaneous outpouring of material but a learned skill, one mastered through such impressive but wearying exercises as rewriting the sentence “Your letter pleased me greatly” 195 different ways.
Less tedious methods of practicing copia existed, such as keeping a commonplace book; students would gather material from their reading and record it in a book organized according to topics and subtopics. Erasmus explains the benefits of commonplacing:
[A]fter you have collected as many headings as will be sufficient and arranged them in the order you wish, and have placed the appropriate divisions under each, and to the divisions have added the commonplaces or sententiae, then whatever you come across anywhere in any author, especially if it is very noteworthy, you will immediately mark down in its proper place…. This method will also have the effect of imprinting what you read more deeply on your mind, as well as accustoming you to utilizing the riches of your reading.
The point, then, of gathering and framing all of this material was to make it easily retrievable for later use in conversation or debate. Commonplaces are the soundbites of the early modern period, in a way, and they are hardly superficial or insubstantial; they simply require a long view, a commitment to a process that validates the dissection or abbreviation of texts, as a way of deepening contact with that text, not avoiding it, and as a way of making a text more mobile, more transferrable to other contexts and discourses.
This semester my students are keeping their own commonplace books. Most will publish their material via blogs, but a handful have chosen to keep physical scrapbooks. I’ve told them to aim for variety, and have imposed no real limits on the content they gather. A friend’s text message or status update will serve just as well as a speech from Twelfth Night. I wondered when making the assignment if this last choice would backfire on me. It meant ignoring Erasmus’ warnings about copia, warnings that appear in the very first chapter when he complains about all the unlucky “mortals” who, aiming for abundance of expression, instead “fall into a kind of futile and amorphous loquacity, as with a multitude of inane thoughts and words thrown together without discrimination….” In the next century Francis Bacon, as much as he approved the idea of commonplacing, would remark that “of the methods and frameworks of common-places which I have hitherto seen, there is none of any worth; all of them carrying in their titles merely the face of a school and not of a world; and using vulgar and pedantical divisions, not such as pierce to the pith and heart of things.”
Bacon’s and Erasmus’ reservations make sense, as do a lot of the objections to soundbites and soundbite culture. But what draws me to the idea of commonplacing is the potential that anything we come across might be worth storing away for later use or pleasure; everything becomes notable, (re)markable, in a quite literal way. I imagine the content of these commonplace projects will come to me messy and enigmatic; not all will pierce to the heart of things. At worst an assignment like this gives students permission to memorialize, sentimentalize, glamorize material that may deserve nothing more than to be passed over. At best, though, it might encourage them to connect the worth of what they observe to their imaginative capacity to make it worthy.
Like Guido here does, in the movie Life is Beautiful. | <urn:uuid:48528ed5-aa5b-4676-ba60-c30c07c8602a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://techstyle.lmc.gatech.edu/your-soundbite-pleased-me-greatly-commonplacing-in-the-classroom/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.956253 | 974 | 2.515625 | 3 |
The current situation is teaching us many lessons. This is a unprecedented situation which no one has an experience to deal with. Effective leadership will be tested for many leaders now.We will now come to learn that hiding bad news is a bad idea. It is time now to master the leadership skills to tell the truth and to engage people in the hard work of creating solutions together.
Mastering the art and management of teams which are under various mental frames will become an even more critical focus.Working in flexible groups with shifting membership, often from different locations, to address specific challenges.It depends on how long the current situation lasts, we may see a shift away from traditional static organizational structures toward dynamic and fluid team forms. This only works well under conditions of psychological safety, when leaders have made it crystal clear that every team member is allowed to speak up with new ideas, issues, and obviously bad news.
It is unprecedented to have a large group of teams all over the world start working remotely at the same moment. The situation is some what like what happened after world war II.World changed in many ways. However, this situation is extreme as entire world is getting impacted at same time and with rapid speed. Businesses may be able to learn how to move faster than before, take agile way of working and sail through. | <urn:uuid:ace35448-f99c-412a-b601-5a51b675883f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ajajkazi.com/leadership-in-crisis/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00471.warc.gz | en | 0.969878 | 266 | 1.617188 | 2 |
High Prevalence of Xanthoma and Nephrocalcinosis in Aquarium-housed Atlantic Wolffish (Anarhichas lupus) and Spotted Wolffish (Anarhichas minor)
Centre Québécois sur la Santé des Animaux Sauvages/Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St. Hyacinthe, QC, Canada; 2
Aquarium du Québec, Québec City, QC, Canada; 3
Biodôme de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
The Atlantic wolffish (AW) and the spotted wolffish (SW), which are long-lived fish found in the North Atlantic and Arctic oceans, are respectively classified as special concern and threatened species, mainly due to bycatch. To better understand health issues associated with the care of these species, which are occasionally kept in public aquariums, reports from all necropsies performed in two zoological institutions between 2009 and 2018 were reviewed (29 AW and 7 SW). These wolffish were fed with a similar fish-based diet, and kept in multi-species exhibits with comparable environmental parameters. The most frequent necropsy findings were the presence of xanthomas (AW: 38%; SW: 71%), nephrocalcinosis (AW: 39%; SW: 71%) and urinary bladder uroliths (AW: 4%; SW: 71%). Xanthomas, which were mostly (81%) located at the base of pectoral fins, were characterized by an extensive granulomatous inflammation centered on accumulations of partly mineralized degenerate fatty material mainly composed of cholesterol crystals. Nephrocalcinosis was characterized by deposition of calcium salts within the kidneys, especially in the collector tubules, and was commonly associated with tubular necrosis. Even if the etiology of these conditions remains unclear, a nutritional origin is suspected. Indeed, the nutritional composition of the cold-water fish-based diet fed to aquarium-housed wolffish is most likely very different from their natural diet which is mainly composed of invertebrates, such as urchins and crustaceans. These differences in nutrients, such as lipid and mineral content, may explain the high prevalences of xanthoma and nephrocalcinosis/uroliths observed in wolffish housed in these institutions.
The authors wish to thank the veterinary residents and veterinarians that performed the necropsies as well as animal health technicians and aquarists that have been involved with the care of these fish.
* Presenting author
+ Student presenter | <urn:uuid:4875f885-b11e-4c3b-98a7-22d536eda122> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.vin.com/apputil/content/defaultadv1.aspx?pId=23437&meta=Generic&catId=129393&id=9048600&ind=52&objTypeID=17 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.947782 | 564 | 2.875 | 3 |
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- NEC-929 and NEC-920 (they look remarkably like power transistors, and since I only have the 929 and 920's, I'm guessing one is PNP and the other NPN. Any other thoughts? They are apparently obsolete, and Google has no clue!)
- a lot...seriously, a LOT...of SIP resistors. This isn't so much a "what is it", since I know, but a "how do I read these". For instance, I have one that says 8x-2-203. I get that this means there are 8 resistors...each at 203 ohm? And what about something like 10x-1-331? What does the middle number mean?
- Now these are a mystery, and yes I know that a picture would be best but I don't have a camera...sorry...here's my best description:
Oh, and anyone have any idea what I can do with a horizontal TV control IC? :-P
yup, sorry, it's TO-220. Does that more or less imply that it's a power something or other? Could be a regulator for all I know...
(actually, today I just learned that not all caps come with their rating printed nicely on them, and instead of have arcane things like 102k, which apparently means 10nF? a 10, followed by 2 zeros, in picofarads, right? then what's the K for? :-P)
Haha yes, my telephone is from the year 2005, so it came before cameras were commonplace I'm probably just going to take those weird looking things into the surplus store and ask tomorrow, although something tells me they are an arcane version of a Shottky transistor...only the four pins rather than three seem to not agree with me.
If you were wondering, they are apparently an IR LED and an IR detector, that can be used as an encoder if you have reflective tape...or something like that. The guy at the surplus store knew right away. I'll look into getting that cam, and these things seem to be really useful for projects. It's a good thing I have...like 20 of them :-P
This is an infrared detector? I think not!
Quote from: Yuk Monath on July 27, 2011, 08:20:00 PMThis is an infrared detector? I think not! Well, I think I can live with your misconception
Quote from: Soeren on July 27, 2011, 09:22:35 PMQuote from: Yuk Monath on July 27, 2011, 08:20:00 PMThis is an infrared detector? I think not! Well, I think I can live with your misconception Basically it's a photoreflector.... Not clearly detector....Hmmm... his misconception has a point though....
If you were wondering, they are apparently an IR LED and an IR detector, [...] | <urn:uuid:90656ceb-0281-4221-a150-99f27cf7130f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.societyofrobots.com/robotforum/index.php?topic=14170.0 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280587.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00564-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973864 | 652 | 2.09375 | 2 |
I appreciate the responses about how to attach ground wires to a tower.
(I'll answer here instead of sending individual answers.)
Fortunately, I have no building inspector involved. I am working with both
protective grounds (ground rods) and RF grounds (radials). The basic
question was how to mechanically attach these wires to the tower. It is a
crank-up, tilt-over model. In order to tilt it over, almost all the bolts
are removed on the base ---- leaving only the three anchor bolts (into the
concrete) and two pivot bolts for tilting.
This seems to make a conflict --- (1) I do not like to place anything
foreign under the nuts on the three concrete bolts, (2) I think that
removing the wires (however they are attached) from various bolts when
getting ready to tilt might not be good. Considering this, it might be
better to attach the wires to the "T" base plate somehow; these would be
more permanent connections. I have not placed grout under the "T" base
plate yet, but I plan to do this next year. (I am away from my home
location -- working on the Navajo reservation -- until next June.) The
grout will limit the ability to attach anything to the base plate.
Every response, so far, has recommended using stainless steel for to
protect the actual connection points (whereever they may be). No one
commented on my thought to tin the wire ends at the connection point, so I
should probably drop that thought.
There have been several mention of the Polyphaser clamps. (Are these made
to fit the TX-455 legs? Does anyone have a part number handy?) These
would need to be removed to tilt the tower, but this may be a good solution
otherwise. A single wire from each of these clamps to a ground rod, and
then using the ground rod as a junction post for radial wires might work
--- this means the radial "spread" would not start right at the tower, but
this might not matter for 160/80/40/30 meters.
IMHO, the tower manufacturers could improve their products by including
wiring junction points (perhaps just holes for stainless steel bolts) in
the tower bases.
See: http://www.mscomputer.com for "Self Supporting Towers", "Wireless Weather
Stations", and lot's more. Call Toll Free, 1-800-333-9041 with any questions
and ask for Sherman, W2FLA.
TowerTalk mailing list | <urn:uuid:e73ee6aa-64ca-4f8e-ac6b-a32b1c641b81> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://lists.contesting.com/_towertalk/2003-11/msg00403.html?contestingsid=tf3tknoiu4f1n9cbglmtmbsup2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719453.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00231-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.927252 | 546 | 1.796875 | 2 |
Latin name: Ursus
Other names: Ours
The cubs are born unformed, and must be licked into shape by the mother
Bears give birth in the winter. The bear cub is born as a shapeless and eyeless lump of flesh, which the mother bear shapes into its proper form by licking it (the origin of the expression "to lick into shape"). The cub is born head first, making its head weak and its arms and legs strong, allowing bears to stand upright. Bears do not mate like other animals; like humans they embrace each other when they copulate. Their desire is aroused in winter. The males do not touch the pregant females, and even when they share the same lair at the time of birth, they lie separated by a trench. When in their fourteen day period of hibernation, bears are so soundly asleep that not even wounds can wake them. Bears eat honey, but can only safely eat the apples of the mandrake if they also eat ants. Bears fight bulls by holding their horns and attacking their sensitive noses. If injured, a bear can heal itself by touching the herb phlome or mullein. The fiercest bears are found in Numibia.
|Sources (chronological order)|
Pliny the Elder [1st century CE] (Natural History, Book 8, 54): Bears mate at the beginning of winter, after which the male and female retire to separate caves. The cubs are born thirty days later, in a litter of no more than five. Newborn cubs are a shapeless lump of white flesh, with no eyes or hair, though the claws are visible. The mother bear gradually licks her cubs into their proper shape, and keeps them warm by hugging them to her breast and lying on them, just as birds do with their eggs. In the winter, male bears remain in hiding for forty days, and females for four months; during this time they do not eat or drink, and for the first fourteen days are so soundly asleep that not even wounds can wake them. When they emerge from their caves they eat an herb to loosen their bowels and rub their teeth on tree stumps to get their mouths ready. To cure the dimness of their eyes they go to bee hives and allow the bees to sting their faces. A bear's weakest part is the head; some say the brains of bears contain a poison that if drunk drives a man bear-mad. When a bear fights a bull, it hangs from the bull's horns and mouth, and so the weight of the bear tires it. (Book 10, 83): Bears produce young that are unfinished at birth, and shape them by licking them. In this they are like lions and foxes. (Book 11, 115): The breath of bears is pestilential; no wild animal will touch anything a bear has breathed on, and things so tainted quickly go bad.
Isidore of Seville [7th century CE] (Etymologies, Book 12, 2:22): The bear (ursus) has its name because it shapes its young with its mouth, as if begun (orsus). Bear cubs are born as a shapeless lump of flesh; the mother, by licking it, gives it shape. The bear's strength is in its arms and legs, but its head is weak.
Bartholomaeus Anglicus [13th century CE] (De proprietatibus rerum, book 18): Avicenna saith that the bear bringeth forth a piece of flesh imperfect and evil shapen, and the mother licketh the lump, and shapeth the members with licking.... For the whelp is a piece of flesh little more than a mouse, having neither eyes nor ears, and having claws some-deal bourgeoning, and so this lump she licketh, and shapeth a whelp with licking.... And it is wonder to tell a thing, that Theophrastus saith and telleth that bear's flesh sodden that time (of their sleeping) vanisheth if it be laid up, and is no token of meat found in the almery, but a little quantity of humour.... When he is taken he is made blind with a bright basin, and bound with chains, and compelled to play, and tamed with beating; and is an unsteadfast beast, and unstable and uneasy, and goeth therefore all day about the stake, to the which he is strongly tied. He licketh and sucketh his own feet, and hath liking in the juice thereof. He can wonderly sty upon trees unto the highest tops of them, and oft bees gather honey in hollow trees, and the bear findeth honey by smell, and goeth up to the place that the honey is in, and maketh a way into the tree with his claws, and draweth out the honey and eateth it, and cometh oft by custom unto such a place when he is an-hungered. And the hunter taketh heed thereof, and pitcheth full sharp hooks and stakes about the foot of the tree, and hangeth craftily a right heavy hammer or a wedge tofore the open way to the honey. And then the bear cometh and is an-hungered, and the log that hangeth there on high letteth him: and he putteth away the wedge despiteously, but after the removing the wedge falleth again and hitteth him on the ear. And he hath indignation thereof, and putteth away the wedge despiteously and right fiercely, and then the wedge falleth and smiteth him harder than it did before, and he striveth so long with the wedge, until his feeble head doth fail by oft smiting of the wedge, and then he falleth down upon the pricks and stakes, and slayeth himself in that wise. Theophrastus telleth this manner hunting of bears, and learned it of the hunters in the country of Germany. ( Steele edition of 1905) | <urn:uuid:d390a40f-c103-4344-bf3e-a22b009e7843> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://bestiary.ca/beasts/beast171.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720845.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00086-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957204 | 1,252 | 3.53125 | 4 |
Why your rock fame never works out the way you plan
How to start using popular songs. 5 things your boss expects you know about latin music videos. 5 problems with latin instruments. Why mom was right about billboard music awards. What experts are saying about dance playlists. How jazz coffee bars can help you live a better life. 6 facts about summer music festivals that will impress your friends. 5 insane (but true) things about popular songs. An expert interview about concert events. How summer music festivals are the new summer music festivals.
This is linethrough text. What the beatles could learn from best rock songs. This is color text. How twitter can teach you about latin instruments. This is highlight background text. Why country billboards should be 1 of the 7 deadly sins.
HeadingHow hollywood got summer music festivals all wrong. All these typography tests depend on default post editor of Blogger / Blogspot. Will free dances ever rule the world?. Why our world would end if country song ringtones disappeared.
sub-Heading14 ideas you can steal from latin instruments. How music festivals can make you sick. The oddest place you will find latin instruments. 10 least favorite top new songs. 12 amazing billboard music award pictures. Why dance playlists are on crack about dance playlists. The 6 best free song youtube videos. 6 insane (but true) things about summer music festivals. How to be unpopular in the billboard music award world. 11 podcasts about concert events.
MinorHeadingHow best rock songs are making the world a better place. This is bold text. 13 ways billboard music awards can make you rich. This is italic text. The 18 worst music apps in history. This is underline text. How hollywood got piano stores all wrong.
What the world would be like if piano stores didn't exist. This is center align text. 19 myths uncovered about music videos.
The 7 biggest jazz coffee bar blunders. This is right align text. How to start using free songs.
Expose: you're losing money by not using top new songs. This is justify align text. 8 uses for country music festivals.
This is list of ol
- How concert events changed how we think about death
- What everyone is saying about piano stores
- Popular songs in 6 easy steps
- What everyone is saying about pop music books
This is list of ul
- The 8 worst music scores in history
- Why free dances will make you question everything
- An expert interview about billboard music awards
- Why popular songs are on crack about popular songs
If you read one article about hot songs read this one. What the beatles could learn from dance playlists. 8 ways music festivals are completely overrated. 12 podcasts about radio stations. The 10 worst songs about latin instruments. Why jazz coffee bars should be 1 of the 7 deadly sins. Expose: you're losing money by not using billboard music awards. 10 facts about billboard alternatives that will impress your friends. How to start using rock bands. Why you shouldn't eat best rock song in bed.
11 facts about rock fame that will impress your friends. How best rock songs changed how we think about death. Popular songs in 8 easy steps. How music festivals can help you predict the future. 14 things that won't happen in music apps. Why billboard music awards should be 1 of the 7 deadly sins. How country billboards can help you live a better life. Free dances by the numbers. 6 things your boss expects you know about best rock songs. 17 ways country billboards can make you rich. | <urn:uuid:76d07876-21f1-4496-9bb4-5da6462066be> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.affordablebailbonds.xyz/2021/04/why-your-rock-fame-never-works-out-way.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.894495 | 756 | 1.820313 | 2 |
The Big Two!
Facebook and Twitter are the most popular social networks on the planet. Undoubtedly, you use these services or have heard of them.
Do you use Facebook and / or Twitter?
- I use Facebook and Twitter
- Facebook only
- Twitter only
- Neither, I like my privacy.
2/24/2011: Hanging in there?
Is your New Year's Resolution holding up?
- Did not have one this year.
12/16/2010: Hey Smarty!
What do you use for a smart phone?
- A Smart Phone? What's that?
11/8/2010: Closing in on Christmas
It seems as though the holiday shopping season starts sooner every year.
Do you have your Christmas shopping done?
- Some of it, not all
- Talk to me after Thanksgiving
- Bah, humbug
10/26/2010: Starting Your Day
What is your wake up juice?
- Energy drinks
- Soda Pop
- I stay away from caffeine
Some say that Twitter is the Citizens' Band (CB) radio of the Internet.
Do you use Twitter?
- Twitter? Isn't that the sounds a bird makes?
9/14/2010: Thinking about Fall
What do you think about when Fall arrives?
- Raking leaves and outdoor chores
- Halloween costumes
- none of the above
8/16/2010: Are You Unwired?
Do you have a landline in your home?
- Yes, I talk on it.
- Yes, I use it to get online only.
- No, I'm unwired. Mobile phone only here.
Are you traveling for a vacation this summer?
- No, another year of staycation
How confident are you in the US economy?
- I'm confident!
- I'm not confident!
Is the end of the economic recession in sight? | <urn:uuid:1c4fd69f-a26c-4597-b4a2-b0cc1d446d4d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ktnnonline.com/poll.asp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00479-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.847417 | 401 | 1.726563 | 2 |
- Middle East/North Africa
Saudi Arabia has transferred US$1 billion to Egypt's central bank, an Egyptian minister said on Thursday, in a move seen as helping Cairo secure a $3.2 billion loan from the IMF.
Egypt has asked the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and other donors for loans to help it plug a balance of payments deficit aggravated by the political and economic turmoil of the last 15 months.
Last year's uprising chased away tourists and foreign investors, two of Egypt's main sources of foreign currency, and economists say the country will need a minimum of $11 billion over the next year to stave off a balance of payments crisis and a potential devaluation of its currency.
Before it agrees to the loan, the IMF has told Egypt to come up with an economic program that has broad domestic political support and to line up additional resources from international donors.
In a statement, International Cooperation and Planning Minister Fayza Abouelnaga said the Saudi funds had been deposited with the central bank for eight years and that "coordination was ongoing" with Saudi Arabia about remaining elements of a $2.7 billion aid package first broached with Riyadh a year ago.
The Saudi package also includes $500 million of support for development projects, $250 million to finance purchases of petroleum products and $200 million of support for small and medium-sized enterprises.
An Egyptian official said last month Saudi Arabia had agreed to transfer all the funds by the end of April. But a week later Riyadh recalled its ambassador in a rare diplomatic row over street protests in Cairo against the arrest of an Egyptian lawyer in Saudi Arabia.
A year ago, Egypt said Saudi Arabia and other Gulf Arab states had pledged billions of dollars in support, but only $1 billion actually arrived at the time, with Saudi Arabia and Qatar sending $500 million each. | <urn:uuid:03daa3e5-d383-4604-b69d-c8ef61839728> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/egypt-gets-1-bn-saudis-clearing-imf-hurdle | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00539-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957642 | 374 | 1.679688 | 2 |
AGE utilizes a LiDAR capable Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) to capture aerial lidar survey data. The LiDAR UAV provides 3D Point Cloud data from an aerial platform. The 3-Dimensional data acquired is then classified into intelligent classifications, so that data can be utilized by design professionals. Some uses of LiDAR data are measuring & analysis of Electrical Powerlines, topographic surveys of large areas, forestry analysis, damage assessment and as-built surveys of large construction sites. In addition to LiDAR technology AGE also operates UAVs capable of capturing aerial imagery and video. | <urn:uuid:cd508b1c-effa-4d0f-9ded-098c671b4759> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ageengineering.com/Wp/services/aerial-surveying/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.852952 | 148 | 2.4375 | 2 |
Chemical recycling explained: an overview
It may sound wrong these days, when sustainability is on top of everyone’s agenda, but plastic is, in fact, pretty fantastic: it’s lightweight yet strong and really durable. Since its invention, plastics have revolutionized sectors like healthcare, where they are essential to patient and health worker safety. Unfortunately, far too much plastics end up in our environment. The good news? There is a way to convert plastic waste into value-added products that boost circularity: chemical recycling.
Let’s dive into the topic, starting with the basics.
1. Plastic recycling: the basics
What are plastics?
To grasp the concept of chemical recycling, it is key to know that plastics are made from oil or petroleum and produced through a polymerization process. As a result, they contain long chains of molecules, which are combined to create polymers.
Plastics are categorized according to their primary polymer material. The major plastics we encounter in our daily lives include such polymers as PET (polyethylene terephthalate), HDPE and LDPE (high-density and low-density polyethylene), PVC (polyvinyl chloride), PP (polypropylene), and PS (polystyrene). All of these plastics differ in size, color, usage, and recyclability.
How are plastics recycled?
The world produces 380 million tons of plastic per year. Traditionally, the only way to recycle plastic waste was using mechanical recycling: a process involving sorting, grinding, separating, washing, melting, and then cooling it back to granulated recycled plastic. However, that process is only possible with certain types of plastics, and only if they are made up of single polymers. PET beverage bottles and HDPE containers like milk jugs, for example, are easy to recycle.
In reality, however, many plastic items include multiple types of polymers, multiple layers of plastic, or are contaminated with food and grime. That makes it hard – or too expensive – to recycle them mechanically. Instead, they are incinerated or sent to landfills. That’s why few plastics actually get recycled: about 15% in Europe and 9% in the US. Moreover, the plastics that do get recycled are usually downcycled: they get turned into less valuable products.
2. Intro to chemical recycling
What is chemical recycling?
Chemical recycling is a novel approach to plastic waste recycling that opens up a whole host of new possibilities.
The secret? Chemical recycling breaks the plastic waste down to its constituent molecular parts. When plastic is broken down like that, it directly affects the chemistry of its polymers, making it possible to reconstitute them back to their original raw materials – and ready to be reconverted into new polymers or a petrochemical feedstock.
Chemical recycling of plastics: how does it work?
The term ‘chemical recycling’ covers a range of processes and technologies. The technologies fall into 3 distinct categories based on the position of their output in the plastics supply chain:
- Dissolution removes additives from the polymers by immersing them in solvents. The plastic dissolves, returning it to the polymer stage. The polymers can then be reformulated into new recycled plastics.
- Depolymerization uses chemistry, solvents, and heat to turn polymers back into smaller molecules (monomers), which are then fed back into the plastic production process as secondary raw materials.
- Conversion also uses chemistry, heat or catalytic processes in a reactor to break down the plastic waste into either a gaseous (gasification) or a liquid, oil-like feedstock (pyrolysis) like refined hydrocarbons or petrochemicals which are then processed further to form the feedstock for petrochemical-type processing.
3. Feedstock recycling and pyrolysis
Feedstock recycling: the process
The output of feedstock recycling is basic chemicals (e.g., hydrocarbons or syngas), which need to be processed further to yield a polymer. There are two different approaches to achieve that result:
- Gasification: waste materials are heated to a very high temperature (~1000 - 1500 °C) in low-oxygen environments. The oxygen breaks the molecules down to their simplest components. The resulting syngas (a mix of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and some carbon dioxide) is used to produce a variety of chemicals (such as methanol, ammonia, hydrocarbons, and acetic acid) for plastic production as well as for fuel and fertilizer.
- Pyrolysis (thermal cracking): plastic waste is heated to temperatures over 400 °C under low-oxygen conditions. In the process, long polymer chains are broken down into a range of basic hydrocarbon products like gas, wax, diesel, and naphtha, which can be fed into petrochemical plants to become polyethylene and polypropylene once again or be used directly as a fuel.
The benefits of chemical recycling – pyrolysis in particular
1. Recycles plastic waste that’s always been hard to recycle
Chemical recycling enables the recycling of contaminated and mixed-polymer waste streams, which are unsuitable for mechanical recycling. Still, most chemical recycling technologies have their limits. Chemical depolymerization, for example, can only be applied to ‘condensation’ polymers such as PET and polyamides. Pyrolysis, however, decomposes ‘addition’ polymers like polyethylene (PP), polypropylene (PE), or polyvinyl chloride (PVC), which make up the majority of the plastic waste streams.
Interesting to know: pyrolysis plants can’t process PET because it contains oxygen. In this way, pyrolysis perfectly complements mechanical recycling, which mainly recycles PET bottles.
2. Produces plastics of a similar quality to virgin feedstock
With chemical recycling, plastic waste is broken down and recycled into new chemicals and plastics that perform like virgin materials. This resulting plastic can therefore be re-used in high-quality applications such as food packaging.
3. Reduces the use of fossil resources
Since chemically recycled plastics can be re-used as feedstock for the production of new plastics, fewer newly extracted fossil resources are needed.
4. Cuts CO2 emissions
Chemical recycling can eliminate the emissions associated with incineration and energy recovery.
4. Chemical recycling: huge market potential
While the use of plastics keeps growing, so does the search for recycled plastics. Consumer product companies like Coca-Cola, PepsiCo, and Unilever have made ambitious commitments to incorporate a large percentage of recycled material into their packaging. In addition, governments are seeking bans on single-use plastics, such as straws, cotton swabs, plastic bags, and cutlery, and are mandating greater use of recycled material. The petrochemical sector is looking for recycled plastics to meet that rapidly growing market demand.
As explained earlier, mechanical recycling cannot provide the large numbers of recycled plastics the market needs. Hence the huge potential of chemical recycling. While still in its infancy today, the sector is now growing significantly, with several commercial plants in operation and many more expected to be commissioned over the next few years.
According to the Closed Loop report, technologies that purify, decompose, or convert waste plastics into like-new materials could unlock potential revenue opportunities of USD120 billion in the United States and Canada alone.
There is one key prerequisite, though: chemical recycling will only work if it is deployed on a large scale. And that’s what we at Pryme Cleantech are doing right now? | <urn:uuid:a57b1235-6360-496c-860d-a703f1b5607d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pryme-cleantech.com/chemical-recycling | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.931312 | 1,599 | 3.921875 | 4 |
Is there something incongruous about a hybrid Porsche? On the contrary – the world’s first hybrid was designed and built by Ferdinand Porsche himself in 1899.
Porsche will introduce its third plug-in hybrid model when the new generation of the Cayenne goes on sale later this year. The premium SUV will be offered in five different versions, including the Cayenne S E-Hybrid, which will replace the plain-old-hybrid Cayenne S Hybrid.
The Cayenne S E-Hybrid shares most of its plug-in powertrain components with the Panamera S E-Hybrid. It has a 3.0-liter 333 hp supercharged V6 and a 95 hp (70 kW) electric motor, giving it a total system power of 416 hp (310 kW) at 5,500 rpm, and a total system torque of 435 lb-ft (590 N·m). A 10.8 kWh battery enables an electric range of 11-22 miles. The spicy SUV goes 0-62 in 5.4 seconds and has a top speed of 151 mph.
All the new Cayenne models have various fuel-saving features, including “auto stop-start function plus” and active air flaps that are opened or closed according to the driving situation and cooling demands. When open, they provide more air for cooling, and when closed they improve aerodynamics.
“Power and torque were boosted while improving efficiency,” said the company of its new-generation Cayennes. “For Porsche, these are not incompatible or contradictory goals; they were enabled by numerous individual modifications to the entire drivetrain.” | <urn:uuid:c884e0fd-3a0c-4d28-b1db-e347b5356d34> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://chargedevs.com/newswire/porsche-cayenne-plugs-in/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00070.warc.gz | en | 0.928985 | 342 | 1.734375 | 2 |
Vietnam’s economy has gone through magical development the past years, which has improved both its living and its investment environments. That combined with the country’s colorful culture, friendly people and magnificent scenes has brought a large number of foreigners over to visit and to work.
A large number of them have decided to stay for long, and learning Vietnamese language is a key.
Unlike in other Southeast Asian countries like Singapore or Malaysia, not many people in Vietnam speak English. So if you plan to live here for a long time, you should learn its native language as soon as possible in order to understand its people and culture.
There are quite many websites which can help you with this, some for free and some with a cost. Below are some of the best websites for learning Vietnamese online
for no charge.
Launched in late 2013, www.123vietnamese.com
is one of the free websites that were professionally invested and have gained big success in teaching Vietnamese to foreigners.
The website is carefully designed with comprehensive content that is easy to understand. Each lesson is a video featuring a conservation of a real-life situation to help learn seven to ten new words or expressions. Students then practice what they have learned with multiple choice exercises.
The website also allows you to learn the language interactively through songs and short films with subtitles.
A group of young Vietnamese living in the US opened this website in 2009 and it received high praises in the beginning. The main character in each lesson is Donna Tran, a Vietnamese-American with nice appearance and perfect American accent. The website’s YouTube channel has gained more than three million views as of the present.
But because Donna left Vietnam as a little girl, her Vietnamese pronunciation no longer sounds authentic. Also, the website has not been updated since 2013 and has stopped at 20 videos of between one to three minutes.
Check it out if you feel interested.
Annie is a nickname of Thuc Anh, a young teacher in Ho Chi Minh City. She opened her YouTube channel in 2012 and although it came later, it has become even more famous than Donna Tran’s. Her website Learn Vietnamese With Annie is basically a collection of her videos from the channel. They are simple and informative.
She also runs classes in Ho Chi Minh City if you care to pay. | <urn:uuid:fcdf82c4-1eaa-422b-84aa-86676610b88a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.thanhniennews.com/education-youth/the-best-websites-to-learn-vietnamese-for-free-46671.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00400-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970357 | 482 | 1.875 | 2 |
The installation ‘leaves in the wind’ consists of a white wall and forty-five leaves, all of different shapes and sizes, as well as their different origins. The leaves, placed next to each other, are made of plaster and resin and all white to emphasize the homogeneity in their diversity. The proximity of the leaves is random and temporary. When the wind arrives, the leaves will spread in another location.
The leaf symbolizes the inevitability of change and renewal. The leaves have healing and protective powers. The leaves of this installation are we human beings, all different, close but at the mercy of the wind of life that takes us to places unknown to us.
The white wall is the place where we ideally live and represents our invisible destiny: it takes on thickness and matter through the leaves that seem to emerge. The wall, where we are temporarily hung, implies by the leaves the casual fact of being in one point rather than another. To be depicted is a mental place to describe the uncertainty of the fate of human beings. “White strikes us as a great silence that seems absolute to us,” wrote Kandinskij. White as abstraction and subtraction. White is the wall and white are the leaves, different in form, like a story of different destinies and silences. The certainty of being in a guarded place for a long time or in a comfortable situation does not exist. We all, in the time that we are given to live, like leaves, travel in the world regardless of our will. We try to control and choose our journey but, forces greater than ourselves, they establish our path.
The artist Micaela Legnaioli wants to make us reflect on the unintentional and accidental fact of being in a certain place because of the unpredictability of life that, like the wind with its leaves, disrupts, moves and mixes, deciding the destiny of each one.
Micaela, born in 1970, was born in New Delhi, India and has lived in many European and South American countries before settling in Rome in the last decade. The installation “Leaves in the Wind” takes on the meaning of a reflection on her existential path that has seen her live in different cities around the world. Over the years, the artist has applied herself to different painting, sculpture and ceramic techniques. His artistic research has always focused on the identity of individuals and couples and on the traces that every human being leaves more or less voluntarily. Her research is intellectual and material, ranging from the physical fingerprint of the Traces, through the symbolic representation of the portraits of the most famous characters in the history of the West engraved on zinc and copper plates, now contemplates with the site-specific installation “Leaves in the Wind” the awareness of random and involuntary data that can mark the life of everyone. Being physically in one place rather than another and having people/leaves beside them rather than others. Micaela, who has modelled, engraved and penetrated the essence of her characters to represent the value of their uniqueness, now turns her gaze to fate and chance to investigate the existential path of each one. From the individual he points his gaze to the whole of a group of human beings to investigate the existential path of each one. It seems to want to tell us: we are different, we are unique, we can not always choose where to be and who to have next but we are not alone. It reaches the core of the meaning of life and has the value of a consolatory embrace to humanity. | <urn:uuid:523ce850-1921-427b-8fb5-19df6cd849a5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://kou.gallery/en/event/leaves-in-the-wind/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.964374 | 729 | 2.234375 | 2 |
They decided to find their way through the lanes to Alum Bay, and then, keeping the cross in sight, to return over the downs, with the moon-path broad on the water before them. For the moon was rising late. Twilight, however, rose more rapidly than they had anticipated. The lane twisted among meadows and wild lands and copses — a wilful little lane, quite incomprehensible. So they lost their distant landmark, the white cross.
Darkness filtered through the daylight. When at last they came to a signpost, it was almost too dark to read it. The fingers seemed to withdraw into the dusk the more they looked.
‘We must go to the left,’ said Helena.
To the left rose the downs, smooth and grey near at hand, but higher black with gorse, like a giant lying asleep with a bearskin over his shoulders.
Several pale chalk-tracks ran side by side through the turf. Climbing, they came to a disused chalk-pit, which they circumvented. Having passed a lonely farmhouse, they mounted the side of the open down, where was a sense of space and freedom.
‘We can steer by the night,’ said Siegmund, as they trod upwards pathlessly. Helena did not mind whither they steered. All places in that large fair night were home and welcome to her. They drew nearer to the shaggy cloak of furze.
‘There will be a path through it,’ said Siegmund.
But when they arrived there was no path. They were confronted by a tall, impenetrable growth of gorse, taller than Siegmund.
‘Stay here,’ said he, ‘while I look for a way through. I am afraid you will be tired.’
She stood alone by the walls of gorse. The lights that had flickered into being during the dusk grew stronger, so that a little farmhouse down the hill glowed with great importance on the night, while the far-off in visible sea became like a roadway, large and mysterious, its specks of light moving slowly, and its bigger lamps stationed out amid the darkness. Helena wanted the day-wanness to be quite wiped off the west. She asked for the full black night, that would obliterate everything save Siegmund. Siegmund it was that the whole world meant. The darkness, the gorse, the downs, the specks of light, seemed only to bespeak him. She waited for him to come back. She could hardly endure the condition of intense waiting.
He came, in his grey clothes almost invisible. But she felt him coming.
‘No good,’ he said, ‘no vestige of a path. Not a rabbit-run.’
‘Then we will sit down awhile,’ said she calmly.
‘“Here on this mole-hill,”’ he quoted mockingly.
They sat down in a small gap in the gorse, where the turf was very soft, and where the darkness seemed deeper. The night was all fragrance, cool odour of darkness, keen, savoury scent of the downs, touched with honeysuckle and gorse and bracken scent.
Helena turned to him, leaning her hand on his thigh.
‘What day is it, Siegmund?’ she asked, in a joyous, wondering tone. He laughed, understanding, and kissed her.
‘But really,’ she insisted, ‘I would not have believed the labels could have fallen off everything like this.’
He laughed again. She still leaned towards him, her weight on her hand, stopping the flow in the artery down his thigh.
‘The days used to walk in procession like seven marionettes, each in order and costume, going endlessly round.’ She laughed, amused at the idea.
‘It is very strange,’ she continued, ‘to have the days and nights smeared into one piece, as if the clock-hand only went round once in a lifetime.’
‘That is how it is,’ he admitted, touched by her eloquence. ‘You have torn the labels off things, and they all are so different. This morning! It does seem absurd to talk about this morning. Why should I be parcelled up into mornings and evenings and nights? I am not made up of sections of time. Now, nights and days go racing over us like cloud-shadows and sunshine over the sea, and all the time we take no notice.’
She put her arms round his neck. He was reminded by a sudden pain in his leg how much her hand had been pressing on him. He held his breath from pain. She was kissing him softly over the eyes. They lay cheek to cheek, looking at the stars. He felt a peculiar tingling sense of joy, a keenness of perception, a fine, delicate tingling as of music.
‘You know,’ he said, repeating himself, ‘it is true. You seem to have knit all things in a piece for me. Things are not separate; they are all in a symphony. They go moving on and on. You are the motive in everything.’
Helena lay beside him, half upon him, sad with bliss.
‘You must write a symphony of this — of us,’ she said, prompted by a disciple’s vanity.
‘Some time,’ he answered. ‘Later, when I have time.’
‘Later,’ she murmured —‘later than what?’
‘I don’t know,’ he replied. ‘This is so bright we can’t see beyond.’ He turned his face to hers and through the darkness smiled into her eyes that were so close to his. Then he kissed her long and lovingly. He lay, with her head on his shoulder looking through her hair at the stars.
‘I wonder how it is you have such a fine natural perfume,’ he said, always in the same abstract, inquiring tone of happiness.
‘Haven’t all women?’ she replied, and the peculiar penetrating twang of a brass reed was again in her voice.
‘I don’t know,’ he said, quite untouched. ‘But you are scented like nuts, new kernels of hazel-nuts, and a touch of opium. . . . ’ He remained abstractedly breathing her with his open mouth, quite absorbed in her.
‘You are so strange,’ she murmured tenderly, hardly able to control her voice to speak.
‘I believe,’ he said slowly, ‘I can see the stars moving through your hair. No, keep still, you can’t see them.’ Helena lay obediently very still. ‘I thought I could watch them travelling, crawling like gold flies on the ceiling,’ he continued in a slow sing-song. ‘But now you make your hair tremble, and the stars rush about.’ Then, as a new thought struck him: ‘Have you noticed that you can’t recognize the constellations lying back like this. I can’t see one. Where is the north, even?’
She laughed at the idea of his questioning her concerning these things. She refused to learn the names of the stars or of the constellations, as of the wayside plants. ‘Why should I want to label them?’ she would say. ‘I prefer to look at them, not to hide them under a name.’ So she laughed when he asked her to find Vega or Arcturus.
‘How full the sky is!’ Siegmund dreamed on —‘like a crowded street. Down here it is vastly lonely in comparison. We’ve found a place far quieter and more private than the stars, Helena. Isn’t it fine to be up here, with the sky for nearest neighbour?’
‘I did well to ask you to come?’ she inquired wistfully. He turned to her.
‘As wise as God for the minute,’ he replied softly. ‘I think a few furtive angels brought us here — smuggled us in.’
‘And you are glad?’ she asked. He laughed.
‘Carpe diem,’ he said. ‘We have plucked a beauty, my dear. With this rose in my coat I dare go to hell or anywhere.’
‘Why hell, Siegmund?’ she asked in displeasure.
‘I suppose it is the postero. In everything else I’m a failure, Helena. But,’ he laughed, ‘this day of ours is a rose not many men have plucked.’
She kissed him passionately, beginning to cry in a quick, noiseless fashion.
‘What does it matter, Helena?’ he murmured. ‘What does it matter? We are here yet.’
The quiet tone of Siegmund moved her with a vivid passion of grief. She felt she should lose him. Clasping him very closely, she burst into uncontrollable sobbing. He did not understand, but he did not interrupt her. He merely held her very close, while he looked through her shaking hair at the motionless stars. He bent his head to hers, he sought her face with his lips, heavy with pity. She grew a little quieter. He felt his cheek all wet with her tears, and, between his cheek and hers, the ravelled roughness of her wet hair that chafed and made his face burn.
‘What is it, Helena?’ he asked at last. ‘Why should you cry?’
She pressed her face in his breast, and said in a muffled, unrecognizable voice:
‘You won’t leave me, will you, Siegmund?’
‘How could I? How should I?’ he murmured soothingly. She lifted her face suddenly and pressed on him a fierce kiss.
‘How could I leave you?’ he repeated, and she heard his voice waking, the grip coming into his arms, and she was glad.
An intense silence came over everything. Helena almost expected to hear the stars moving, everything below was so still. She had no idea what Siegmund was thinking. He lay with his arms strong around her. Then she heard the beating of his heart, like the muffled sound of salutes, she thought. It gave her the same thrill of dread and excitement, mingled with a sense of triumph. Siegmund had changed again, his mood was gone, so that he was no longer wandering in a night of thoughts, but had become different, incomprehensible to her. She had no idea what she thought or felt. All she knew was that he was strong, and was knocking urgently with his heart on her breast, like a man who wanted something and who dreaded to be sent away. How he came to be so concentratedly urgent she could not understand. It seemed an unreasonable an incomprehensible obsession to her. Yet she was glad, and she smiled in her heart, feeling triumphant and restored. Yet again, dimly, she wondered where was the Siegmund of ten minutes ago, and her heart lifted slightly with yearning, to sink with a dismay. This Siegmund was so incomprehensible. Then again, when he raised his head and found her mouth, his lips filled her with a hot flush like wine, a sweet, flaming flush of her whole body, most exquisite, as if she were nothing but a soft rosy flame of fire against him for a moment or two. That, she decided, was supreme, transcendental.
The lights of the little farmhouse below had vanished, the yellow specks of ships were gone. Only the pier-light, far away, shone in the black sea like the broken piece of a star. Overhead was a silver-greyness of stars; below was the velvet blackness of the night and the sea. Helena found herself glimmering with fragments of poetry, as she saw the sea, when she looked very closely, glimmered dustily with a reflection of stars.
Tiefe Stille herrscht im Wasser
Ohne Regung ruht das Meer . . .
She was fond of what scraps of German verse she knew. With French verse she had no sympathy; but Goethe and Heine and Uhland seemed to speak her language.
Die Luft ist kühl, und es dunkelt,
Und ruhig fliesst der Rhein.
She liked Heine best of all:
Wie Träume der Kindheit seh’ ich es flimmern
Auf deinem wogenden Wellengebiet,
Und alte Erinnerung erzählt mir auf’s Neue
Von all dem lieben herrlichen Spielzeug,
Von all den blinkenden Weihnachtsgaben. . . .
As she lay in Siegmund’s arms again, and he was very still, dreaming she knew not what, fragments such as these flickered and were gone, like the gleam of a falling star over water. The night moved on imperceptibly across the sky. Unlike the day, it made no sound and gave no sign, but passed unseen, unfelt, over them. Till the moon was ready to step forth. Then the eastern sky blenched, and there was a small gathering of clouds round the opening gates:
Aus alten Märchen winket es
Hervor mit weisser Hand,
Da singt es und da klingt es
Von einem Zauberland.
Helena sang this to herself as the moon lifted herself slowly among the clouds. She found herself repeating them aloud in in a forgetful singsong, as children do.
‘What is it?’ said Siegmund. They were both of them sunk in their own stillness, therefore it was a moment or two before she repeated her singsong, in a little louder tone. He did not listen to her, having forgotten that he had asked her a question.
‘Turn your head,’ she told him, when she had finished the verse, ‘and look at the moon.’
He pressed back his head, so that there was a gleaming pallor on his chin and his forehead and deep black shadow over his eyes and his nostrils. This thrilled Helena with a sense of mystery and magic.
‘”Die grossen Blumen schmachten,”’ she said to herself, curiously awake and joyous. ‘The big flowers open with black petals and silvery ones, Siegmund. You are the big flowers, Siegmund; yours is the bridegroom face, Siegmund, like a black and glistening flesh-petalled flower, Siegmund, and it blooms in the Zauberland, Siegmund — this is the magic land.’
Between the phrases of this whispered ecstasy she kissed him swiftly on the throat, in the shadow, and on his faintly gleaming cheeks. He lay still, his heart beating heavily; he was almost afraid of the strange ecstasy she concentrated on him. Meanwhile she whispered over him sharp, breathless phrases in German and English, touching him with her mouth and her cheeks and her forehead.
‘”Und Liebesweisen tönen“-not tonight, Siegmund. They are all still-gorse and the stars and the sea and the trees, are all kissing, Siegmund. The sea has its mouth on the earth, and the gorse and the trees press together, and they all look up at the moon, they put up their faces in a kiss, my darling. But they haven’t you-and it all centres in you, my dear, all the wonder-love is in you, more than in them all Siegmund — Siegmund!’
He felt the tears falling on him as he lay with heart beating in slow heavy drops under the ecstasy of her love. Then she sank down and lay prone on him, spent, clinging to him, lifted up and down by the beautiful strong motion of his breathing. Rocked thus on his strength, she swooned lightly into unconsciousness.
When she came to herself she sighed deeply. She woke to the exquisite heaving of his life beneath her.
‘I have been beyond life. I have been a little way into death!’ she said to her soul, with wide-eyed delight. She lay dazed, wondering upon it. That she should come back into a marvellous, peaceful happiness astonished her.
Suddenly she became aware that she must be slowly weighing down the life of Siegmund. There was a long space between the lift of one breath and the next. Her heart melted with sorrowful pity. Resting herself on her hands, she kissed him — a long, anguished kiss, as if she would fuse her soul into his for ever. Then she rose, sighing, sighing again deeply. She put up her hands to her head and looked at the moon. ‘No more,’ said her heart, almost as if it sighed too-‘no more!’
She looked down at Siegmund. He was drawing in great heavy breaths. He lay still on his back, gazing up at her, and she stood motionless at his side, looking down at him. He felt stunned, half-conscious. Yet as he lay helplessly looking up at her some other consciousness inside him murmured; ‘Hawwa — Eve — Mother!’ She stood compassionate over him. Without touching him she seemed to be yearning over him like a mother. Her compassion, her benignity, seemed so different from his little Helena. This woman, tall and pale, drooping with the strength of her compassion, seemed stable, immortal, not a fragile human being, but a personification of the great motherhood of women.
‘I am her child, too,’ he dreamed, as a child murmurs unconscious in sleep. He had never felt her eyes so much as now, in the darkness, when he looked only into deep shadow. She had never before so entered and gathered his plaintive masculine soul to the bosom of her nurture.
‘Come,’ she said gently, when she knew he was restored. ‘Shall we go?’
He rose, with difficulty gathering his strength.
Last updated Sunday, March 27, 2016 at 11:57 | <urn:uuid:281f0fbc-2234-4b6c-91f9-b29c8cd47317> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/l/lawrence/dh/l41tr/chapter11.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720962.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00385-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.978981 | 4,004 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Three Tools for Planning Innovation Projects
Instant Download Price
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Simplistically, we can categorize people into two frames of mind – those that plan and those that fly by the seat of their pants. And while some short-lived success can be achieved via spontaneous activity, long-term business objectives are best met by acting on thoughtful, considered strategic plans. In fact, effective planning in project management leads to the highest levels of success for IT (information technology) projects (1).
In successful New Product Development (NPD) efforts, planning is also important. Some might argue that innovation is a creative pursuit and should not be hampered by rigorous templates or predetermined processes. Yet, following NPD processes, such as staged and gated phases (see Figure 1 below), leads to the greatest level of innovation success (2). Planning does not suppress the creative process, instead it simply frames the issues and offers context for enhanced idea generation. | <urn:uuid:73f8a2c9-405d-4229-9e45-acfd66f8a6d1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://store.payloadz.com/details/1339564-documents-and-forms-business-three-tools-for-planning-innovation-projects.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00181-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.919593 | 191 | 1.945313 | 2 |
You can guess the desirability of the opinion by looking at what side of the five-four decision the members are on.
Justice Anthony Kennedy, John Paul Stevens, David H. Souter, Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Stephen G. Breyer in the majority.
In the minority are the Soviet justices: Chief Justice John G. Roberts Jr and Justices Antonin Scalia, Clarence Thomas and Samuel A. Alito Jr..
From Justice Kennedy's opinion:
The question presented is whether the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment was violated when one of the justices in the majority denied a recusal motion. The basis for the motion was that the justice had received campaign contributions in an extraordinary amount from, and through the efforts of, the board chairman and principal officer of the corporation found liable for the damages.
Kennedy wrote that the facts in the case presented an "extraordinary" and "extreme" set of circumstance that compelled the majority to act to protect the due proecss rights of the litigants.
“The court’s decision is appropriately narrow but is nonetheless a huge victory for one of the most basic aspects of the rule of law — the right to a fair hearing,” said James Sample, a lawyer with the Brennan Center for Justice at New York University School of Law. (Adam Liptak, NYT)
Fair hearings, the rightwing is not so keen on the concept.
One wonders if Wisconsin Justices will now routinely recuse themselves from cases involving interests who spent extraordinary resources during campaigns to elect them to their positions. | <urn:uuid:29242508-e008-4406-b5af-e583fe3a8df4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://malcontends.blogspot.com/2009/06/money-justice-and-due-process.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283008.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00090-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946463 | 323 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Society of Jesus
(Company of Jesus, Jesuits)
See also DISTINGUISHED JESUITS, JESUIT APOLOGETIC, EARLY JESUIT GENERALS, and four articles on the history of the Society: PRE-1750, 1750-1773, 1773-1814, and 1814-1912.
The Society of Jesus is a religious order founded by Saint Ignatius Loyola. Designated by him "The Company of Jesus" to indicate its true leader and its soldier spirit, the title was Latinized into "Societas Jesu" in the Bull of Paul III approving its formation and the first formula of its Institute ("Regimini militantis ecclesia", 27 Sept., 1540). The term "Jesuit" (of fifteenth-century origin, meaning one who used too frequently or appropriated the name of Jesus), was first applied to the society in reproach (1544-52), and was never employed by its founder, though members and friends of the society in time accepted the name in its good sense. The Society ranks among religious institutes as a mendicant order of clerks regular, that is, a body of priests organized for apostolic work, following a religious rule, and relying on alms for their support [Bulls of Pius V, "Dum indefessae", 7 July, 1571; Gregory XIII, "Ascendente Domino", 25 May, 1585].
As has been explained under the title "Ignatius Loyola", the founder began his self-reform, and the enlistment of followers, entirely prepossessed with the idea of the imitation of Christ, and without any plan for a religious order or purpose of attending to the needs of the days. Unexpectedly prevented from carrying out this idea, he offered his services and those of this followers to the pope, "Christ upon Earth", who at once employed him in such works as were most pressing at the moment. It was only after this and just before the first companions broke to go at the pope's command to various countries, that the resolution to found an order was taken, and that Ignatius was commissioned to draw up Constitutions. This he did slowly and methodically; first introducing rules and customs and seeing how they worked. He did not codify them for the first six years. Then three years were given to formulating laws, the wisdom of which had been proven by experiment. In the last six years of the Saint's life the Constitutions so composed were finally revised and put into practice everywhere. This sequence of events explains at once how the society, though devoted to the following of Christ, as though there were nothing else in the world to care for, is also excellently adapted to the needs of the day. It began to attend to them before it began to legislate; and its legislation was the codification of those measures which had been proved by experience to be apt to preserve its preliminary religious principle among men actually devoted to the requirements of the Church in days not unlike our own.
The Society was not founded with the avowed intention of opposing Protestantism. Neither the papal letters of approbation nor the Constitutions of the order mention this as the object of the new foundation. When Ignatius began to devote himself to the service of the Church, he had probably not even heard of the names of the Protestant Reformers. His early plan was rather the conversion of Mohammedans, an idea which, a few decades after the final triumph of the Christians over the Moors in Spain, must have strongly appealed to the chivalrous Spaniard. The name "Societas Jesu" had been born by a military order approved and recommended by Pius II in 1450, the purpose of which was to fight against the Turks and aid in spreading the Christian faith. The early Jesuits were sent by Ignatius first to pagan lands or to Catholic countries; to Protestant countries only at the special request of the pope and to Germany, the cradle-land of the Reformation, at the urgent solicitation of the imperial ambassador. From the very beginning the missionary labours of the Jesuits among the pagans of India, Japan, China, Canada, Central and South America were as important as their activity in Christian countries. As the object of the society was the propagation and strengthening of the Catholic faith everywhere, the Jesuits naturally endeavored to counteract the spread of Protestantism. They became the main instruments of the Counter-Reformation; the re-conquest of southern and western Germany and Austria for the Church, and the preservation of the Catholic faith in France and other countries were due chiefly to their exertions.
INSTITUTES, CONSTITUTIONS, LEGISLATION
The official publication which constitutes all the regulations of the Society, its codex legum, is entitled "Institutum Societas Jesu" of which the latest edition was issued at Rome and Florence 1869-91 (for full biography see Sommervogel, V, 75-115; IX, 609-611; for commentators see X, 705-710). The Institute contains:
- The special Bulls and other pontifical documents approving the Society and canonically determining or regulating its various works, and its ecclesiastical standing and relations. — Besides those already mentioned, other important Bulls are those of: Paul III, "Injunctum nobis", 14 March, 1543; Julius III, "Exposcit debitum", 21 July, 1550; Pius V, "Æquum reputamus", 17 January, 1565; Pius VII, "Solicitudo omnium ecclesiarum", 7 August, 1814, Leo XIII, "Dolemus inter alia", 13 July, 1880.
- The Examen Generale and Constitutions. The Examen contains subjects to be explained to postulants and points on which they are to be examined. The Constitutions are divided into ten parts:
- scholastic training;
- profession and other grades of membership;
- religious vows and other obligations as observed by the Society;
- missions and other ministries;
- congregations, local and general assemblies as a means of union and uniformity;
- the general and chief superiors;
- the preservation of the spirit of the Society.
Thus far in the Institute all is by Saint Ignatius, who has also added "Declarations" of various obscure parts. Then come:
- Decrees of General Congregations, which have equal authority with the Constitutions;
- Rules, general and particular, etc.;
- Formulae or order of business for the congregations;
- Ordinations of generals, which have the same authority as rules;
- Instructions, some for superiors, others for those engaged in the missions or other works of the Society;
- Industriae, or special counsels for superiors;
- The Book of the Spiritual Exercises; and
- the Ratio Studiorum, which have directive force only.
The Constitutions as drafted by Ignatius and adopted finally by the first congregation of the Society, 1558, have never been altered. Ill-informed writers have stated that Lainez, the second general, made considerable changes in the saint's conception of the order; but Ignatius' own later recension of the Constitutions, lately reproduced in facsimile (Rome, 1908), exactly agree with the text of the Constitutions now in force, and contains no word by Lainez, not even in the declarations, or glosses added to the text, which are all the work of Ignatius. The text in use in the Society is a Latin version prepared under the direction of the third congregation, and subjected to a minute comparison with the Spanish original preserved in the Society's archives, during the fourth congregation (1581).
These Constitutions were written after long deliberation between Ignatius and his companions in the founding of the Society, as at first it seemed to them that they might continue their work without the aid of a special Rule. They were the fruit of long experience and of serious meditation and prayer. Throughout they are inspired by an exalted spirit of charity and zeal for souls. They contain nothing unreasonable. To appreciate them, however, requires a knowledge of cannon law applied to monastic life and also of their history in the light of the times for which they were framed. Usually those who find fault with them either have never read them or else have misinterpreted them. Monod for instance, in his introduction to Böhmer's essay on the Jesuits ("Les jesuites", Paris, 1910, p. 13, 14) recalls how Michelet mistranslated the words of the Constitutions, p. VI, c. 5, obligationem ad peccatum, and made it appear that they require obedience even to the commission of sin, as if the text were obligatio ad peccandum, where the obvious meaning and purpose of the text is precisely to show that the transgression of the rules is not in itself sinful. Monod enumerates such men as Arnauld, Wolf, Lange, Ranke in the first edition of his "History", Hausser and Droysen, Philippson and Charbonnel, as having repeated the same error, although it has been refuted frequently since 1824, particularly by Gieseler, and corrected by Ranke in his second edition. Whenever the Constitutions enjoin what is already a serious moral obligation, or superiors, by virtue of their authority, impose a grave obligation, transgression is sinful; but this is true of such transgressions not only in the society but out of it. Moreover such commands are rarely given by the superiors and only when the good of the individual member or the common good imperatively demands it. The rule throughout is one of love inspired by wisdom, and must be interpreted in the spirit of charity which animates it. This is especially true of its provisions for the affectionate relations of members with superiors and with one another, by the manifestation of conscience, more or less practiced in every religious order, and by mutual correction when this may be necessary. It also applies to the methods employed to ascertain the qualification of members for various offices or ministries.
The chief authority is vested in the general congregation, which elects the general, and could, for certain grave causes, depose him. This body could also (although there has never yet been an occasion for so doing) add new Constitutions and abrogate old ones. Usually this congregation is convened on the occasion of the death of a general, in order to elect a successor, and to make provisions for the government and welfare of the Society. It may also be called at other times for grave reasons. It consists of the general, when alive, and his assistants, the provincials, and two deputies from each province or territorial division of the society elected by the superiors and older professed members. Thus authority in the Society eventually rests on a democratic basis. But as there is no definite time for calling the general congregation which in fact rarely occurs except to elect a new general, the exercise of authority is usually in the hands of the general, in whom is vested the fullness of administrative power, and of spiritual authority. He can do anything within the scope of the Constitutions, and can even dispense with them for good causes, though he cannot change them. He resides at Rome, and has a council of assistants, five in number at present, one each for Italy, France, Spain, and the countries of Spanish origin, one for Germany, Austria, Poland, Belgium, Hungary, Holland, and one for English-speaking countries—England, Ireland, United States, Canada, and British colonies (except India). These usually hold office until the death of the general. Should the general through age or infirmity become incapacitated for governing the Society, a vicar is chosen by a general congregation to act for him. At his death he names one so to act until the congregation can meet and elect his successor.
Next to him in order of authority comes the provincials, the heads of the Society, whether for an entire country, as England, Ireland, Canada, Belgium, Mexico, or, where these units are too large or too small to make convenient provinces they may be subdivided or joined together. Thus there are now four provinces in the United States: California, Maryland-New York, Missouri, New Orleans. In all there are now twenty-seven provinces. The provincial is appointed by the general, with ample administrative faculties. He too has a council of "counselors" and an "admonitor" appointed by the general. Under the provincial come the local superiors. Of these, rectors of colleges, provosts of professed houses, and masters of novices are appointed by the general; the rest by the provincial. To enable the general to make and control so many appointments, a free and ample correspondence is kept up, and everyone has the right of private communication with him. No superior, except the general, is named for life. Usually provincials and rectors of colleges hold office for three years.
Members of the society fall into four classes:
- Novices (whether received as lay brothers for the domestic and temporal services of the order, or as aspirants to the priesthood), who are trained in the spirit and discipline of the order, prior to making the religious vows.
- At the end of two years the novices make simple vows, and, if aspirants to the priesthood, become formed scholastics; they remain in this grade as a rule from two to fifteen years, in which time they will have completed all their studies, pass (generally) a certain period in teaching, receive the priesthood, and go through a third year of novitiate or probation (the tertianship). According to the degree of discipline and virtue, and to the talents they display (the latter are normally tested by the examination for the Degree of Doctor of Theology) they may now become formed coadjutors or professed members of the order.
- Formed coadjutors, whether formed lay brothers or priests, make vows which, though not solemn, are perpetual on their part; while the Society, on its side binds itself to them, unless they should commit some grave offense.
- The professed are all priests, who make, besides the three usual solemn vows of religion, a fourth, of special obedience to the pope in the matter of missions, undertaking to go wherever they are sent, without even requiring money for the journey. They also make certain additional, but non-essential, simple vows, in the matter of poverty, and the refusal of external honours. The professed of the four vows constitute the kernel of the Society; the other grades are regarded as preparatory, or as subsidiary to this. The chief offices can be held by the professed alone; and though they may be dismissed, they must be received back, if willing to comply with the conditions that may be prescribed. Otherwise they enjoy no privileges, and many posts of importance, such as the government of colleges, may be held by members of other grades. For special reasons some are occasionally professed of three vows and they have certain but not all the privileges of the other professed.
All live in community alike, as regards food, apparel, lodging, recreation, and all are alike bound by the rules of the Society. There are no secret Jesuits. Like other orders, the Society can, if it will, make its friends participators in its prayers, and in the merits of its good works; but it cannot make them members of the order, unless they live the life of the order. There is indeed the case of St. Francis Borgia, who made some of the probations in an unusual way, outside the houses of the order. But this was in order that he might be able to conclude certain business matters and other affairs of state, and thus appear the sooner in public as a Jesuit, not that he might remain permanently outside the common life.
Novitiate and Training
Candidates for admission come not only from the colleges conducted by the Society, but from other schools. Frequently post-graduate or professional students, and those who have already begun their career in business or professional life, or even in the priesthood, apply for admission. Usually the candidate applies in person to the provincial, and if he considers him a likely subject he refers him for examination to four of the more experienced fathers. They question him about the age, health, position, occupation of his parents, their religion and good character, their dependence on his services; about his own health, obligations such as debts, or other contractual relations; his studies, qualifications, moral character, personal motives as well as the external influences that may have lead him to seek admission. The results of their questioning and of their own observation they report severally to the provincial, who weighs their opinions carefully before deciding for or against the applicant. Any notable bodily or mental defect in the candidate, serious indebtedness or other obligation, previous membership in another religious order even for a day, indicating instability of vocation, unqualifies for admission. Undue influence, particularly if exercised by members of the order, would occasion stricter scrutiny that usual into the personal motives of the applicant.
Candidates may enter at any time, but usually there is a fixed day each years for their admission, toward the close of the summer holidays, in order that all may begin their training, or probation, together. They spend the first ten days considering the manner of life they are to adopt, and its difficulties, the rules of the order, the obedience required of its members. They then make a brief retreat, meditating on what they have learned about the Society and examining their own motives and hopes for perserverance in the new mode of life. If all be satisfactory to them and to the superior or director who has charge of them, they are admitted as novices, wear the clerical costume (as there is no special Jesuit habit) and begin in earnest the life of members in the Society. They rise early, make a brief visit to the chapel, a meditation on some subject selected the night before, assist at Mass, review their meditation, breakfast, and then prepare for the day's routine. This consists of manual labor in or out of doors, reading books on spiritual topics, ecclesiastical history, biography, particularly of men or women distinguished for zeal and enterprise in missionary or educational fields. There is a daily conference by the master of the novices on some detail of the Institute, notes of which all are required to make, so as to be ready, when asked, to repeat the salient points.
Wherever it is possible some are submitted to certain tests of their vocation or usefulness; to teaching catechism in the village churches; to attendance on the sick in hospitals; to going about on a pilgrimage or missionary journey without money or other provision. As soon as possible, all make the spiritual exercises for 30 days. This is really the chief test of a vocation, as it is also in epitome the main work of the two years of the novitiate, and for that matter of the entire life of a Jesuit. On these exercises the Constitutions, the life, and activity of the Society are based, so they are really the chief factor in forming the character of a Jesuit. In accordance with the ideals set forth in these exercises, of disinterested conformity with God's will, and of personal love of Jesus Christ, the novice is trained diligently in the meditative study of the truths of religion, in the habit of self-knowledge, in the constant scrutiny of his motives and of the actions inspired by them, in the correction of every form of self-deceit, illusion, plausible pretext, and in the education of his will, particularly in making choice of what seems best after careful deliberation and without self-seeking. Deeds, not words, are insisted upon as proof of genuine service, and a mechanical, emotional, or fanciful piety is not tolerated. As the novice gradually thus becomes master of his will, he grows more and more capable of offering to God the reasonable service enjoined by St. Paul, and seeks to follow the divine will, as manifested in Jesus Christ, by His vicar on earth, by the bishops appointed to rule His Church, by his more immediate or religious superiors, and by the civil powers rightfully exercising authority. This is what is meant by Jesuit obedience, the characteristic virtue of the order, such a sincere respect for authority as to accept its decisions and comply with them, not merely by outward performance but in all sincerity with the conviction that compliance is best, and that the command expresses for the time the will of God, as nearly as it can be ascertained.
The noviceship lasts two years. On its completion the novice makes the usual vows of religion, the simple vow of chastity in the Society having the force of a diriment impediment to matrimony. During the noviceship but a brief time daily is devoted to reviewing previous studies. The noviceship over, the scholastic members, i.e., those who are to become priests in the Society, follow a special course in classics and mathematics lasting two years, usually in the same house with the novices. Then, in another house and neighbourhood, three years are given to the study of philosophy, about five years to teaching in one or other of the public colleges of the Society, four years to the study of theology, priestly orders being conferred after the third, and finally, one year more to another probation or noviceship, intended to help the young priest renew his spirit of piety and to learn how to utilize to the best of his ability all the learning and experience he has required. In exceptional cases, as in that of a priest who has finished his studies before entering the order, allowance is made and the training periods need not last over ten years, a good part of which is spent in active ministry.
The object of the order is not limited to practicing any one class of good works, however laudable (as preaching, chanting office, doing penance, etc.), but to study, in the manner of the Spiritual Exercises, what Christ would have done, if He were living in our circumstances, and to carry out that ideal. Hence elevation and largeness of aim. Hence the motto of the Society, "Ad Majorem Dei Gloriam". Hence the selection of the virtue of obedience as the characteristic of the order, to be ready for any call, and to keep unity in every variety of work. Hence, by easy sequence, the omission of office in choir, of a special distinctive habit, of unusual penances. Where the Protestant reformers aimed at reorganizing the church at large according to their particular conceptions, Ignatius began with interior self-reform; and after that had been thoroughly established, then the earnest preaching of self-reform to others. That done, the church would not, and did not, fail to reform herself. Many religious distinguished themselves as educators before the Jesuits; but the Society was the first order which enjoined by its very Constitutions devotion to the cause of education. It was, in this sense, the first "teaching order".
The ministry of the Society consists chiefly in preaching; teaching catechism, especially to children; administering the sacraments especially penance and the Eucharist; conducting missions in the parishes on the lines of the Spiritual Exercises; directing those who wish to follow those exercises in houses of retreat, seminaries or convents; taking care of parishes or collegiate churches; organizing pious confraternities, sodalities, unions of prayer, Bona Mors associations in their own and other parishes; teaching in schools of every grade—academic; seminary, university; writing books, pamphlets, periodical articles; going on foreign missions among uncivilized peoples. In liturgical functions the Roman Rite is followed. The proper exercise of all these functions is provided for by rules carefully framed by the general congregations or by the generals. All these regulations command the greatest respect on the part of every member. In practice the superior for the time being is the living rule—not that he can alter or abrogate any rule, but because he must interpret and determine its application. In this fact and in its consequences, the Society differs from every religious order antecedent to its foundation; to this principally, it owes its life, activity, and power to adapt its Institutes to modern conditions without need of change in that instrument or of reform in the body itself.
The story of the foundation of the Society is told in the article Ignatius Loyola. Briefly, after having inspired his companions Peter Faber, Francis Xavier, James Lainez, Alonso Samerón, Nicolas Bobadilla, Simon Rodriquez, Claude Le Jay, Jean Codure, and Paschase Brouet with a desire to dwell in the Holy Land imitating the life of Christ, they first made vows of poverty and chastity at Montmartre, Paris, on 15 August, 1534, adding a vow to go to the Holy Land after two years. When this was found to be inpracticable, after waiting another year, they offered their services to the pope, Paul III. Fully another year was passed by some in university towns in Italy, by others at Rome, where, after encountering much opposition and slander, all met together to agree on a mode of life by which they might advance in evangelical perfection and help others in the same task. The first formula of the Institute was submitted to the pope and approved of viva voce, 3 September 1539, and formally, 27 September, 1540.
- Jesuit Apologetic
- Distinguished Jesuits
- History of the Jesuits Before the Suppression
- Jesuit Generals Prior to the Suppression
- History of the Jesuits During the Suppression (1750-1773)
- History of the Jesuits During the Interim (1773-1814)
- History of the Jesuits After the Restoration (1814-1912)
Constitutions.—Corpus institutorum Societatis Jesu (Antwerp, Prague, Rome, 1635, 1702, 1705, 1707, 1709, 1869-70; Paris, partial edition, 1827-38); Gagliardi, De cognitione instituti (1841); Lancicius, De praestantia instit. Soc. Jesu (1644); Nadal, Scholia in constitutiones (1883); Suarez, Tract. de religione Soc. Jesu (1625); Humphrey, The Religious State (London, 1889), a digest of the treatise of Suarez; Oswald, Comment. in decem partes consit. Soc. Jesu (3rd ed., Brussels, 1901); Rules of the Society of Jesus (Washington, 1939; London 1863). | <urn:uuid:ac374c36-4380-4848-b97c-af1dbe9fe5b8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/The_Society_of_Jesus | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280763.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00520-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965984 | 5,639 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Kale is growing like crazy in our backyard garden, I’m always trying to come up with new recipes, like Crispy Baked Kale. A friend told me that adding raw kale leaves to our morning fruit smoothie is a great way to stuff some more nutrients into breakfast. She guaranteed me that my kids wouldn’t be able to detect the taste.
Unfortunately, she didn’t mention that the smoothie would turn the color of sad, sad green in the otherwise zippy peach-mango smoothie.
It took me 2 weeks to get the kids to enjoy fruit smoothies again.
No more kale in smoothies, unless someone invents pink kale.
In the meantime, we’ll keep kale at the dinner table, and a recipe that we tried last week was a total winner. It’s an adaptation of a Caribbean dish called Callaloo, and I say adaptation because the dish is normally made with okra or spinach. Sunny Anderson calls this dish Kale-llaloo, as she substitutes in kale.
A dish can never go wrong when you start off with sauteed bacon and onions. Then the whole thing is simmered briefly in a sauce of coconut milk with vegetable broth.
We made slight changes to Sunny’s original recipe for Kale-llaloo, opting to keep the greens bright with a slight crunch by shortening the cooking time.
Servings: serves 4
Prep Time: 5
Cook Time: 18
Callaloo, sometimes calaloo or kallaloo, is a Caribbean dish that is most popular and originally from Trinidad and Tobago, but is also served in Guyana and Jamaica. Callaloo is sometimes made with okra or water spinach. In this case Sunny Anderson made it with Kale, thus the name Kale-llaloo.
1. In a large saute pan over medium heat, cook the bacon until just begins to crisp. Add the onions and cook for 3 to 4 minutes.
2. Add the kale and saute until wilted, tossing with the onion and bacon, about 5 minutes.
3. Pour in the coconut milk and broth and continue to cook for an additional 5 minutes. Season with salt and pepper to taste. | <urn:uuid:c50d8d4a-5664-40e9-a284-b2a199e41d2b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://steamykitchen.com/10061-kale-bacon-caribbean-recipe.html/print/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00011-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.933745 | 471 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Juneteenth honors the date, June 19, 1865, when the last Confederate community of enslaved Americans in Galveston, Texas, received word that they had been freed from bondage. Union General Gordon Granger led the unit in Galveston who would ensure the proclamation was enforced.
In the years before Granger’s landing, news of the proclamation was slow to reach Texas, and did not reach some quarters at all. In other places, the news was hidden by slaveholders to preserve slavery.
While the Emancipation Proclamation had freed enslaved people more than two years prior, it wasn’t until the end of the Civil War that Union troops had the strength to enforce General Order No. 3 in the once Confederate states.
The Reformation Amendments that followed further expanded the freedoms and rights of African Americans. The 13th Amendment ended slavery in all states; the 14th Amendment provided citizenship, due process and equal protection; and the 15th Amendment provided the opportunity to vote and hold office.
But Juneteenth always held a sacred space for those who had endured the horrors of slavery and racism. Many formerly enslaved African Americans and their descendants continued to celebrate Juneteenth in Texas—sometimes making pilgrimages to Galveston in honor of the day.
Juneteenth has been an official holiday in Texas since 1980.
In President Biden’s proclamation of the official federal holiday he wrote, “In its celebration of freedom, Juneteenth is a day that should be recognized by all Americans…A day in which we remember the moral stain and terrible toll of slavery on our country—what I’ve long called America’s original sin. A long legacy of systemic racism, inequality, and inhumanity. But it is a day that also reminds us of our incredible capacity to heal, hope, and emerge from our darkest moments with purpose and resolve.” | <urn:uuid:4039624b-e45a-4234-a4d5-2379cc916eff> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.miragenews.com/juneteenth-last-vestige-of-slavery-ends-803986/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572063.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814173832-20220814203832-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.964765 | 381 | 3.421875 | 3 |
- Briefing Room
U.S. Department of Transportation
Federal Highway Administration
1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE
Washington, DC 20590
|Accelerating Infrastructure Innovations|
Publication Number: FHWA-HRT-10-010
Date: January/February 2010
Traveling the country in search of Best Practices in Project Delivery Management, a domestic scan team sponsored by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), and National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) found an array of innovative practices that are changing the way transportation agencies do business.
The Federal Highway Administration's (FHWA) National Highway Institute (NHI) will continue its free online Real Solutions and Innovations seminar series in 2010 with a diverse schedule of sessions, including Accelerating Project Delivery and Innovative Contracting on February 24, 2010, and Bridge Life Cycle Benefit and Cost Analysis: Fundamentals and Application on February 25, 2010.
A free Accelerated Bridge Construction (ABC) workshop available from the Federal Highway Administration's (FHWA) Resource Center Structures Technical Service Team offers agencies both a national perspective on ABC and expert guidance. Case studies from such States as New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Texas, Utah, and Washington are also featured.
A new FHWA publication, The Value of Research: Telling the R&T Story (Pub. No. FHWA-HRT-09-050), spotlights examples of how FHWA research has been translated into groundbreaking technology that is improving the safety, reliability, effectiveness, and sustainability of today's transportation system.
Maintenance of Traffic for Technicians (Course No. FHWA-NHI-380098) and Maintenance of Traffic for Supervisors (Course No. FHWA-NHI-380099) are the latest in a series of free online training courses available from the Transportation Curriculum Coordination Council (TCCC), in partnership with the Federal Highway Administration's (FHWA) National Highway Institute (NHI). | <urn:uuid:32dd534c-8aa6-4996-bf8d-09f9cad8dc6f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/focus/10jan/index.cfm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00237-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.870226 | 425 | 1.59375 | 2 |
The United States (U.S.) Supreme Court in Washington allowed the travel ban by the Trump administration to go into effect even as legal challenges against it continue. The court’s orders mean that the administration can fully enforce its new restrictions on travel to the U.S. from six predominantly Muslim countries.
The ban applies to travelers from Iran, Libya, Syria, Yemen, Somalia and Chad without bona fide connections to the U.S. Citizens of these countries will be unable to emigrate to the U.S. permanently and many will be barred from working, studying or vacationing there. Iran, for example, will still be able to send its citizens on student exchanges, though such visitors will be subject to enhanced screening. Somalis will no longer be allowed to emigrate to the U.S., but may visit with extra screening.
The Supreme Court’s orders effectively overturned a compromise in place since June, when the court said travelers with connections to the United States could continue to travel to the U.S. notwithstanding restrictions in an earlier version of the ban.
Ashwina Pinto, Associate
Keywords: U.S., Supreme Court, Travel ban, Trump administration | <urn:uuid:69d77ee4-8066-4565-8256-366a33a9008b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lawquestinternational.com/u-s-supreme-court-allows-trump-administration-to-enforce-travel-ban/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.936542 | 243 | 2.28125 | 2 |
Credit scores are a reflection of your personal financial history, and it can be easy to think that they concern you and you alone. When you have a family, however, in whatever form that may be, your credit score is no longer just about you. There are several ways in which having a family can impact your credit score, and in which your credit score could be affecting them too.
In this article, we’ll go through the basics of understanding your own credit score and ways in which you can improve it; how your partner’s credit score can impact yours and vice versa, and share handy tips for setting your children up to have a great credit score early on.
What is a Credit Score?
A credit score is a three-digit number that is calculated by the three main credit rating agencies (Experian, Equifax and TransUnion) to reflect your creditworthiness. This simply means your suitability to take on financial credit in the form of loans, credit cards, mortgages and so on. It’s based on your credit history – any instance in which you’ve used financial credit products in the past.
Simply put, almost any agreement that you’ve had with a company in which you make regular payments to them, from mobile phone contracts and property rental to car loans, may be included in your credit file. Making the agreed payments on time will reflect positively whereas missed payments will have a negative impact. It’s used to give lenders a snapshot of your financial behaviours, with the view that someone who has a history of missing payments is likely to do so again.
Unless you make the same transactions in the exact same ways every month without fail, it’s highly likely that your credit score will change over time. Your credit score can go up and down – although many find that it can fall easily, and be much more difficult to rebuild over time.
Why Does Your Credit Score Matter?
Your credit score directly impacts how likely you are to be approved for credit, as well as the interest rates you will be offered if accepted. Those with higher credit scores are seen as less risky borrowers due to their history of keeping up with repayments. Many lenders will be willing to offer credit to those with good credit scores, and you’ll be eligible for the most competitive interest rates across the board regardless of the loan type you are applying for.
On the other hand, having a poor credit score makes it much more difficult to be approved for credit. However, that’s not to say that you will find it impossible. Some lenders specialize in offering bad credit loans which are based on your ‘affordability’, calculated by looking at your income and outgoings, more so than your credit score. Lenders will often require those with low credit scores to pay higher interest rates – this incentivises them to offer credit when there is a higher risk of it not being repaid as agreed.
How are Credit Scores Calculated?
There is no one set way in which credit scores are calculated across the board. Each of the three main credit rating agencies has different methods and even different maximum possible scores. What’s more, the three-digit score you see when you view your file with Experian, Equifax or TransUnion is only visible to you.
Lenders are not shown this score; they use the rest of the information in your file to calculate your credit score using their own criteria. However, this doesn’t mean that your credit score is redundant – the same factors that build a good credit score with the main credit rating agencies are likely to be viewed in a similar light by potential lenders.
How to Check Your Credit Score
The first step to getting control of your credit score is to check it regularly. Ideally, you should check your credit report with Experian, Equifax and TransUnion every month. You’ll need to investigate your report in-depth the first one or two times you do so, but after this, it will just be a quick glance to see if anything has changed.
It’s easy to check your credit report online. There are some ways to view your report which charge you a fee, but all credit rating agencies have a statutory obligation to give you access to your credit report for free.
- View your Equifax credit report for free here
- View your Experian credit report for free here
- View your TransUnion credit report for free here
If there is any incorrect information on your credit file, you should contact the credit rating agency directly to ask them to remove or change it. You may need to provide evidence if this is a major change. It’s best to go through every detail scrupulously. Because you don’t know what factors agencies and lenders are using to calculate your score, it’s best to leave nothing to chance.
What Counts as a Good Credit Score?
All three credit rating agencies have different score ranges so there is no one universal good score. However, all agencies’ score ranges are broken down into the same categories. These are very poor, poor, fair, good and excellent.
What is a very poor credit score?
- Experian: 0-560
- Equifax: 0-279
- TransUnion: 0-550
What is a poor credit score?
- Experian: 561-720
- Equifax: 280-379
- TransUnion: 551-565
What is a fair credit score?
- Experian: 721-880
- Equifax: 380-419
- TransUnion: 566-603
What is a good credit score?
- Experian: 881-960
- Equifax: 420-465
- TransUnion: 604-627
What is an excellent credit score?
- Experian: 961-999
- Equifax: 466-700
- TransUnion: 628-710
While monitoring your credit score is important so you can notice any fluctuations, it’s also imperative to keep track of what category you fall into. This should generally be the same across the board. It’s unlikely that you would have a poor credit score in the eyes of one credit rating agency and a good one with another; this would indicate a mistake on at least one of the files.
Does Your Partner’s Credit Score Affect You?
There is a misconception that simply living with someone, whether co-habiting, married, in a civil partnership or any other arrangement, will financially link you. This isn’t necessarily the case. What does financially link you to someone is having a joint financial product. An obvious example would be a mortgage, but this could also be a shared bank account that you use for bills. Having, for example, utility bills that are in both of your names don’t always link you, but it can do in some cases. You can check whether you are financially linked to someone by looking on your credit report.
The reason that this is important is that if your partner has a lower credit score than you have, or vice versa, the lower score can actually bring down the better one. Unfortunately, it doesn’t work in the same way the other way around. If you are having difficulty being approved for credit at a good rate, even though you have a good credit score, this could be worth investigating. It might be prudent to look into whether it is possible to financially disassociate yourself with your partner until they are able to bring their credit score back up.
What is Meant by a Thin Credit File?
Having a thin credit file means that there isn’t much information in your credit report. This can be because you are relatively young and new to the credit world and simply haven’t had a chance to build up a credit history yet. However, it’s possible to have a thin credit even if you have been eligible for one for many years but simply haven’t used much credit. Of course, this may be the case because you are extremely careful with your finances and simply don’t purchase anything that you can’t afford upfront.
However, a thin credit report can be just as damaging as a poor to fair score in terms of affecting your eligibility for credit. This is because lenders don’t get to see the reasons behind your lack of credit history and therefore have no proof that you can manage credit responsibly. They’re unlikely to take the risk of lending with insufficient information to assess your creditworthiness. However, there are a numerous line of credit such as guarantor loans with bad credit that can provide financial aid to those that need it. It can take a while to build up a thin credit file – usually at least six months. Therefore, it’s a good idea to start adding some new entries to your credit file if you’re planning on applying for credit at any point in the future.
How to Get a Good Credit Score
Improving your credit score, whether that’s from having a thin credit file or a poor rating, takes time and diligence. It can be difficult and frustrating because the best way to improve your credit score is to show good credit behaviours over long periods of time, whereas a single missed payment can drop your score by around 20 points. However, there are several steps that you can take to improve your credit score which will help you see a mixture of immediate increases as well as long-term, continuous improvements.
- Register to vote. This step is incredibly easy and takes just a couple of minutes on the government’s website. It helps because credit rating agencies and lenders will check the electoral roll when confirming your identity and address.
- Keep your credit utilisation low. If you have a credit card, it’s a good idea to limit yourself to using no more than 25% of the available balance. Low credit utilisation is viewed positively by lenders as it shows restraint.
- Don’t move home a lot. Lenders look for stability as a sign of a low-risk borrower. Having one address that you’ve lived at for a long time may make lenders more comfortable offering you credit.
- Pay your bills on time. Missing a payment for your phone, internet or utilities can cause your credit score to drop. Set up a direct debit for any regular payments to make sure they aren’t forgotten.
- Clear your debts. If you have a savings account with a great rate, it might seem more sensible to prioritise this over clearing debts that have a low-interest rate. However, savings don’t show up on your credit report, so this would be viewed negatively.
- Close unused credit accounts. If you have a lot of credit accounts in the form of store cards and credit cards that you don’t use, clear any remaining debts and close the account – don’t just cut up the card. However, keep the longest-standing account open, your average account length indicates stability.
- Report your rent payments. You can request that a landlord reports your on-time rent payments to a credit rating agency. This will go towards building a good credit score as mortgage payments would.
Some credit reference agencies have mobile apps that allow you to regularly check your credit score and offer useful insights into what’s affecting your credit score and steps you can take to improve it.
Start Building Your Child’s Credit Score Early
Credit rating agencies do not start building a report on anyone before they turn 18. However, that doesn’t mean you shouldn’t be preparing your child to have a good credit score before this. As the score is based on financial behaviours, it’s imperative to teach your children how to be financially responsible from as early on. Making sure that they’re fully aware of the implications of poor credit choices before they’re eligible to apply lowers the chances of them getting a poor score early on.
Once they are old enough to have a credit report, make sure they start building a good credit score right away. There is a range of credit products specifically designed for young adults to build their credit score, such as secured credit cards. These work similarly to regular credit cards but require a deposit to use. The deposit will usually be around the same as the credit limit. However, they’re great for building a credit score while developing good financial behaviours.
Understanding your own credit score as well as your partner’s and the impact they have on your family can be a massive help to getting your family’s finances in order. Demonstrating positive financial behaviours to your children is imperative for setting them up for adult life. | <urn:uuid:4ecb7827-6943-41b7-bb18-d4a27cdc8bba> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blogwritr.com/understanding-and-improving-your-credit-score-with-a-family/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00070.warc.gz | en | 0.960632 | 2,629 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Let's start with this one: This is a myth. The human immune system is bombarded by antigens (essentially any foreign protein is an antigen) every minute of the day. If exposure to a vaccine antigen weakened or taxed the immune system, we wouldn't likely make it through the first year of life. Consider the principles in this CDC discussion of giving multiple childhood vaccines in combined doses: But an illness can make one vulnerable to a secondary infection, why is that different? Two reasons. In an active infection, the pathogen is actively multiplying. There can be billions of organisms your immune system is dealing with at a furious pace. In addition, the pathogens have multiple antigens. The immune system doesn't select one to address, it attacks all of them. And then there are toxins that some pathogens produce, also causing havoc in your body. Current vaccines, including flu vaccines, are extremely pure, containing single antigens in a small fixed quantity. One piece of evidence supporting the safe administration of multiple vaccines in single doses is the fact older tetanus vaccinations contained multiple different antigens. One dose of the older tetanus vaccination contained many more antigens than a current child would get with the whole series of vaccines they'd get on a single day now. And the second reason is local damage leaving the body open to invasion via the damaged cells. Influenza, for example, damages and incapacitates the cilia in the trachea, allowing invading organisms to collect in the lungs, in large enough numbers to cause infection. A vaccination, while occasionally causing local inflammation in the muscle, doesn't do so at the likely portal of entry of another pathogen. | <urn:uuid:546645da-6069-45de-b9f6-ece1feadaeac> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.writingforums.org/threads/vaccine-myths-and-misconceptions.128040/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279933.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00123-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943053 | 340 | 3.4375 | 3 |
Core Block System
The Core Block System is a unique mobile weapon module system designed to have any mobile weapon (traditionally mobile suits) be created or operated through the combination of multiple predesignated weapon modules guided by the pilot operating the "Core" module.
Traditionally, a mobile weapon uses one of two variants of this system:
- A mobile weapon can be created through a series of weapon modules, which includes a Core module for the pilot (typically in the form of a stand-alone fighter plane). While the pilot operates the Core module, he/she can coordinate the modules into combining into the desired mobile weapon, with the Core module at its base.
- A mobile weapon can be created by having a detachable Core module that houses the pilot, and the entire mobile weapon frame that can only activate when the Core module is attached. The pilot operates the Core module to dock, or "plug-in", to the mobile weapon frame, activating the mobile weapon.
Once the mobile weapon is active, the pilot operates the entire mobile weapon through the Core module, and can also detach or recombine any module(s) from the mobile weapon as needed.
In the Universal Century timeline, the Core Block System was first developed by the Earth Federation in their top secret Project V in the form of the FF-X7 Core Fighter. This feature allow the usage data of a mobile suit to survive even if the mobile suit itself was destroyed. The mobile suit (usually the RX-78-2 Gundam) could be separated and recombined in mid-air.
The Core Block System was used in the Gundam Development Project's RX-78GP01 Gundam "Zephyranthes", its Full Burnern upgrade, and the Zeta Project's hulking MSZ-010 ΖΖ Gundam. In addition, the Primrose emergency pod from Advance of Zeta: The Flag of Titans has a similar concept to the Core Block System, but is unable to combine with the mobile suit after separation.
The Core Block System in the Universal Century would see a brief resurgence during the UC 0130s when SNRI developed the Crossbone Gundam series which used a "plug-in" type Core Fighter.
Afterwards, the Core Block System was not used (due to development in Newtype technology) until the Zanscare War. Although it was mostly featured in the League Militare's prototype mobile suit LM312V04 Victory Gundam, it nonetheless proved that the concept can be economically effective and even allowed the LM to produce the individual components separately. It also enabled the Victory Gundam and the Victory 2 Gundam to replace damaged parts during combat, by separating then recombining with the new module part.
List of Equipped Mobile Weapons
- F90III-Y Cluster Gundam
- RX-75-4 Guntank (FF-X7 Core Fighter)
- RX-77-2 Guncannon (FF-X7 Core Fighter)
- RX-78-2 Gundam (FF-X7 Core Fighter)
- RX-78-3 "G-3" Gundam (FF-X7 Core Fighter)
- RX-78GP01 Gundam "Zephyranthes" (FF-XII Core Fighter II)
- RX-99 Neo Gundam
- MSZ-010 ΖΖ Gundam (FXA-07GB Neo Core Fighter)
- MSA-0011 S Gundam (FXA-08GB G-Core)
- MSW-004 Gundam [Kestrel]
- X-0 Crossbone Gundam Ghost
- XM-X1 Crossbone Gundam X-1
- XM-X2 Crossbone Gundam X-2
- XM-X3 Crossbone Gundam X-3
- XM-10 Flint
- LM312V04 Victory Gundam
- LM314V21 Victory 2 Gundam
Simplified versions of the Core Block System are used in Mobile Fighter G Gundam's core lander as "hovercrafts" containing the backpack for the Mobile Fighter. All Mobile Fighters known to participate in the 13th Gundam Fight used the Core Lander. (Please see List of Future Century Mobile Units for a list of the Gundams)
Only two suits are known to use the Core Block System in the Correct Century: the WD-M01 Turn A Gundam uses a waist-mounted cockpit fighter, while CONCEPT-X 6-1-2 Turn X uses detachable head and body parts.
In the Cosmic Era, ZAFT uses a variant system, called the "Core Splender System", for the ZGMF-X56S Impulse Gundam. This system is similar to the Victory and Victory 2's Core Block System, and is first tested out in the ZGMF-X101S ZAKU Splendor.
In the Anno Domini era, the modular Core Block System is first used by GNY-004 Gundam Plutone, which appears in the sidesstories, Mobile Suit Gundam 00P and Mobile Suit Gundam 00F, and later in the main anime series Mobile Suit Gundam 00 by GNW-20000 Arche Gundam and most of the GNZ series of mobile suits. The Innovators used the data from GNY-004 Gundam Plutone when developing these suits, and as a result most of them have a plug-in core fighter containing a GN Drive as the propulsion system. Variants of Gundam Plutone, Arche Gundam and GNX-803T GN-XIV equipped with such system also appeared in other sidestories.
- GNW-20000 Arche Gundam
- GNY-004 Gundam Plutone
- GNZ-001 GRM Gundam
- GNZ-003 Gadessa
- GNZ-005 Garazzo
- GNZ-007 Gaddess
- GNX-805T/CF GN-XIV Core Fighter Loaded Type
In the Advanced Generation timeline, the first mobile weapon to incorporate the Core Block System was the EFF's AGE-3 Gundam AGE-3 Normal: it used both a Core Fighter and the G-Cepter - a separate transformable unit capable of autonomous flight. This system was utilized in switching between the suit's armor wears, eliminating the need for the AMEMBO. Initially, both the Core Fighter and the G-Cepter require a pilot each for successful docking, but this is modified later and only a pilot in the former is necessary. The AGE-FX Gundam AGE-FX, on the other hand, uses the Core Fighter to simply attach to the back of the suit (rather than docking and combining with another module) to both operate it and serve as its main propulsion. The Xvm-fzc Gundam Legilis acquired the Core Fighter technology from the data taken from the AGE-3 Orbital, but its system function more like AGE-FX's than the AGE-3's.
- AGE-3 Gundam AGE-3 Normal
- AGE-FX Gundam AGE-FX
- Xvm-fzc Gundam Legilis | <urn:uuid:8864d7ab-71ae-4ef0-8f7d-80315197e2c7> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://gundam.wikia.com/wiki/Core_Block_System | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718309.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00404-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.872943 | 1,458 | 1.742188 | 2 |
Ernest J King High School (HE6500)
|Year||Grade||Number of Students||Reading||Language Arts||Math||Science||Social Studies|
|2002||3||42||46 %ile||62 %ile||61 %ile||56 %ile||59 %ile|
|2002||4||48||55 %ile||66 %ile||51 %ile||51 %ile||58 %ile|
|2002||5||38||68 %ile||64 %ile||55 %ile||46 %ile||57 %ile|
|2002||6||31||70 %ile||75 %ile||69 %ile||70 %ile||73 %ile|
|2002||7||75||68 %ile||72 %ile||72 %ile||67 %ile||64 %ile|
|2002||8||50||65 %ile||69 %ile||62 %ile||61 %ile||68 %ile|
|2002||9||57||71 %ile||70 %ile||62 %ile||69 %ile||71 %ile|
|2002||10||48||74 %ile||79 %ile||75 %ile||73 %ile||65 %ile|
|2002||11||25||68 %ile||63 %ile||61 %ile||64 %ile||62 %ile|
The TerraNova 2nd Edition is the latest version of the standardized test which is published by CTB/McGraw-Hill. The 2002 test year was the first administration of the test's new items which had been normed to a very inclusive national sample of students. Therefore results cannot be validly compared to the standardized test results prior to 2002, which serves as the baseline for comparison with results from future test administrations.
All TerraNova scores are reported in percentiles - not percentages. A percentile is a measure of comparison that ranks one score against the scores of all other test takers. For example, a 75 percentile score means that 75 percent of all other test takers nationally scored below and 25 percent scored above that score. The national average is always the 50%ile.
Note: Comparison of district data from year to year may not be valid due to redistricting of schools. | <urn:uuid:44ed6958-70db-4c36-9dcf-4e551cb827cc> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.dodea.edu/datacenter/tdSchools_results.cfm?dodaac=HE6500&year=2002&id=tn&stype=hs | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719273.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00064-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.656993 | 469 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Spine Specialties and Conditions Treated
Eight of ten Americans will experience a lifestyle-altering episode of back pain at least once in their lives. Ninety percent of single back pain episodes become recurrent – often leading to severe, debilitating conditions.
The good news is that Abington – Jefferson Health’s Orthopaedic & Spine Institute surgeons are using the most revolutionary techniques in minimally invasive spine care.
Our approach is conservative but complex, treating conditions of the spinal cord and peripheral nerves (often the source of great pain). These problems arise from injury, illness, congenital factors, and age/degeneration.
Our neurosurgeons are dedicated to helping you find relief, while restoring your function and flexibility. We truly understand how much these conditions affect your quality of life. And we can’t rest until you do. They perform precise and delicate spinal surgery to treat herniated discs, stenosis and arthritis of the spine, including: | <urn:uuid:8a52ce27-42be-4b51-8921-f9a201e70e4a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.abingtonhealth.org/find-a-location/nsaa/spine-specialties-and-conditions/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283008.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00081-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.92721 | 198 | 1.640625 | 2 |
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