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Anantnag , July 17 : In May 2021, Jammu and Kashmir was caught in the throes of COVID-19 with daily cases shooting through the roof. Amidst the restrictions, imposed to stave off the further transmission of the virus, Mohammad Ismail had to struggle hard to take his father to SKIMS, Soura almost on a daily basis for radiotherapy.
His father Mohammad Yousuf, a resident of Qaimoh village in south Kashmir's Kulgam district, some 59 km from Srinagar, was diagnosed with esophageal cancer at Government Medical College (GMC) Anantnag and required radiotherapy after he had undergone a series of chemotherapy sessions.
Yousuf was to be administered around 25 radiotherapy fractions, and in absence of the radiation equipments at GMC, Anantnag, Ismail had to take his father to SKIMS well-nigh on a daily basis for more than four weeks.
"It was an arduous task to get to Srinagar during the peak of ferocious second wave of coronavirus ", said Ismail, who works as a teacher in a local private school.
He said that the travel ballooned the cost of the treatment.
"It would have been much easier and less expensive for us, had the treatment been available at GMC Anantnag", said Ismail.
The Department of Oncology has been operating at the GMC Anantnag since its inception in 2019.
With a significant increase in the number of cancer patients over the past few years, the hospital receives a good number of patients from southern parts of the Valley.
The hospital based cancer registry ( HBCR) suggests that around 450 cancer patients are registered with the GMC, Anantnag.
An official, who declined to be quoted, said that they also received the patients from Jammu division's Banihal and its adjoining areas.
However, the non-availability of radiation equipments like Telecobalt and Linear Accelerator( LINAC) machines force such patients to seek treatment in other hospitals and are put through the mill.
"Most of the patients move to SKIMS or SMHS for the radiotherapy, which are already overrun with the patients", said the official.
He said that a significant number of the cancer patients required radiotherapy at some stage.
"Many poor patients living in the outlying villages of south Kashmir could not afford to go to Srinagar, let alone the private hospitals outside the Valley", said the official.
Referring to a patient, he said that a female patient from a far-off village of Anantnag district, who was advised to undergo radiotherapy at SKIMS turned up at the facility after 8 months without receiving the same .
The patient , according to the official, was badly off and could not travel to Srinagar.
“And by then her cancer had reached an advanced stage”, he added.
Talking to Greater Kashmir over phone, Dr Tariq Qureshi, principal GMC, Anantnag said the machines would be procured soon. | <urn:uuid:daba0108-e4df-481c-813c-e44c1cc6c22a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.greaterkashmir.com/health/gmc-anantnag-lacks-radiotherapy-facility-cancer-patients-suffer | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00471.warc.gz | en | 0.975437 | 651 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Warning: You may find this video upsetting.
PSA posted a video on YouTube that will make you think twice when it comes to your diet.
The video was made to raise general awareness and was created by the Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta.
It is a proof that obesity is not something that comes overnight. This video provides a shocking glance into the future to see what life could look like for children with unhealthy dietary habits.
Watch for yourself…. | <urn:uuid:36ec0254-01b1-47f6-be16-e8e1c61b1e43> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://holisticlivingtips.com/2015/11/12/this-video-will-change-the-way-you-look-at-healthy-eating/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285289.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00147-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968116 | 94 | 1.515625 | 2 |
This goes for anyone learning anything: ballerinas train to perform on stage, BJJ practitioners train to win ribbons, karate is learnt to break planks of wood, and soccer players train to play and win on the football pitch.
True self-defence training is completely different to any other type of training. Unlike everyone else who practices an art, a martial art or a sport, we learn how to defend ourselves but we all hope we’ll never have to actually use our skills. We practice what we’ll need only on the worst day of our lives.
Yet no matter how hard we train, how often we practice, it’s impossible to truly simulate the stress of a situation that is, in its very nature, dangerous and unpredictable. We can’t know where it will happen, when, how we’ll be feeling on that day, or how our attacker will react.
There are four major reasons that even the most committed practitioner of self-defence can fail to defend themselves when it matters.
The good news is that if your self-defence school is aware of these pitfalls they can incorporate them into your training regime to prepare you for the unpredictable.
Here’s what you should be looking out for.
1. THE ATTACKS YOU DEFEND WHEN TRAINING ARE NOT REALISTIC
YouTube is literally crawling with self-defence videos. The video below has 2.5 million likes and only a handful of people can tell what’s wrong with it. Sure, it looks good. But it’s not good self-defence. What’s the issue?
The attacker is the same size as the defender. The technique will fail if you are at a size disadvantage. A good self-defence technique needs to account for this and should work on someone taller, heavier, or stronger. If you think about it, no one attacks someone twice their size. An attacker will attack to win, not because they think they’ll get their backsides handed to them.
Other videos show unrealistic attacks, like the one below.
Notice that when the attacker punches, the punch is left out hanging like clean laundry on a line. Unless the person punching you trains in Wing Chun (oh, oops, this one does..) no one punches and leaves their arm out like that.
Often also, the attacker is a very polite and compliant individual who is happy to hang out while the defender simulates punches and kicks and does nothing to protect themselves and certainly doesn’t attack again.
Realistically, if someone tried to attack you once, they’re going to keep going until you render them either unable or unwilling to try again, and not a second before.
I couldn’t even believe what I was watching when I found this.
The reasons why a bad attack breeds false confidence and is more harmful than helpful doesn’t need explaining.
Ironically, in most self-defence schools, compliance is often seen as “being a good partner” but the very opposite is true.
Your attacks are the training ground for your partner and if you are compliant all the time, your partner gets bad training and doesn’t get the opportunity to correct mistakes they may be making in their defence technique.
This neatly leads into the next point.
2. YOU ARE NOT TAUGHT TO ATTACK PROPERLY
Realistic training is hard and its messy. Being a good attacker is difficult and takes as much practice as good self-defence techniques.
People who attack, who assault, who want to hurt others are very rarely trained in anything at all but pure aggression. This is not a natural state for anyone at SGS Krav Maga, and very likely your self-defence gym, too.
So, at SGS, we focus and are trained on how to be good attackers for our partners. This means we recoil our attacks, we train with power (when we stress-test techniques) and we attempt the attack again and again, in a variety of ways and appropriately to the counters that our partner throws down-range.
It is incredibly important to give your partner a good attacking silhouette. This means reacting to their counter-attack in a realistic way.
If your partner knees you in the groin, you bend over. Unless your groin is made of steel, this doubled-over position will change the strikes that follow and your partner will need to adjust accordingly.
If your partner punches you in the face, step back. Your partner’s footwork will need to adapt to follow you without tripping over or losing the control they may have of your hand holding the knife or gun, and so on.
Because being a good attacker takes practice, your instructors should be giving you pointers on how to attack properly, with intent to harm. Even if your attacks are slow in the beginning. You can add speed, power, and aggression as you and your partner gain confidence.
But there’s never a good excuse for a poor, unrealistic, compliant attack in a training scenario.
Your instructors should be well-versed in what attacks on the street look like. These should be studied and passed on to you as a student.
Steve, our Head Instructor at SGS, has valiantly reviewed hundreds of CCTV recordings of real-life stabbings and has made us a few reels to review in class.
They are hard to watch and often end tragically, but they help us understand not only how attacks happen, but learn from the mistakes made by others.
And as attacks on the street change, like the hybrid straight stab with a circular recoil seen recently in the Brisbane train station stabbing, we start to train defences against these too.
Any good self-defence school should be adapting as the world changes.
A good attacking silhouette is as important as a good defensive technique if you want your skills to work in the street. Good training means good silhouettes means a well-prepared defender.
3. YOU ONLY TRAIN IN A WELL-LIT, KITTED-OUT GYM
Wouldn’t it be nice if the place we needed to defend ourselves was well-lit and the ground was soft like the mats in the self-defence and martial arts gyms you train in? Will it really happen? Unfortunately, no.
Low-light training changes the game entirely. You lose all depth perception. You can’t use your vision to help you. You cannot tell what kind of weapon the attacker is holding, or often, whether or not they are armed at all.
If you’re used to training in a well-lit environment, adjusting to a low-light situation is very difficult and will mean you make mistakes, some of which may be fatal.
Low-light training fixes this by helping you prepare for a realistic situation: darkness is the attacker’s friend, but it’s also yours. How do you use low-light to your advantage? It’s a skill that you can learn.
Just make sure your instructors give you that opportunity by turning off the gym lights every once in a while. In fact, low-light training is so important that we wrote an entire blog post about it.
In the same vein, tackles on mats are great. No one gets hurt and they’re important for safety in training. We need to learn to walk before we run. But in reality, you may be defending on concrete, uneven ground, slippery surfaces, a narrow space, or in a place full of obstacles (like a restaurant, a train carriage etc). This also takes practice.
You need to learn to defend on mats as though you’re always on concrete. That is, train to protect your joints and your head as you fall, as you tackle, as you defend on the ground.
Make sure your instructors take you to train in places that you are unfamiliar with like parks, parking lots and other open (and constrained) spaces. At SGS, this is part of regular classes and a crowd favourite.
If you learn to execute defences and adjust your techniques to a variety of locations, which is just a matter of practice, you’ll be much better prepared to defend in any environment.
4. YOU ONLY EVER TRAIN IN ACTIVEWEAR
Activewear is great. It’s super-flexible and extremely comfortable to move and sweat in. But it’s unlikely you live in your training gear.
A high round-house kick to the head works a treat in yoga pants. In skinny jeans or a pencil skirt? Not so much. Mistakes in footwork can be corrected in sneakers, but are much more dangerous in heels. Every KMG instructor who is qualified to teach the women’s classes, has trained in heels. Yes, the men too.
Make sure that every once in a while, you train in regular clothing, whatever it is you usually wear. You may notice that some of your favourite techniques are suddenly more difficult to execute. This is fine, so long as you are aware and can adjust when you need to.
But more than comfort, putting on training gear is putting on a mindset. That’s why soldiers and police wear uniforms and it’s why dress codes exist in offices.
Putting on your krav uniform is putting on a training mindset. If you don’t practice in anything other than your uniform, it’s going to be very difficult to change your mindset when your clothing is different. Again, that shouldn’t be a huge barrier, and may not be, but it is something to account for.
In any self-defence scenario, you should aim to have every possible advantage. The ability to switch on the defensive or aggressive mindset is one of these. The more you practice, the easier it will be to do when you need it most.
Self-defence training MaY fail you in a variety of ways in real life. An awareness of why this may happen goes a long way to making sure it doesn’t.
Variety of location, clothing, lighting and so on is time-consuming and often difficult for instructors to offer. Also, if you are just starting out learning a technique, this is best done in a controlled, safe, well-lit environment.
But as you progress in your skills and training, make sure your self-defence instructors are serving you. Make sure they are preparing you adequately for the time we hope will never come.
Real-life attacks are messy, dangerous, confusing, unpredictable, and impossible to simulate perfectly. Your training should be varied and your techniques should be stress-tested whenever you are comfortable and ready.
As our instructors always say: it’s not just practice that makes perfect, it’s perfect practice that makes perfect. Or as close as you can get. | <urn:uuid:73a90e07-4956-4d1c-b6f7-48387ace50a6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sgskravmaga.com.au/reasons-your-self-defence-training-may-fail/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.957492 | 2,268 | 2.125 | 2 |
It’s National Teen Driver Safety Week, and to raise awareness, tire manufacturer Michelin surveyed teens as part of a #SharingSafety campaign it’s running with news anchor Katie Couric. The results are pretty scary when you consider that car crashes are the leading cause of death for teens in America.
In a press release, Michelin provided some statistics about how teens are getting into accidents, how they’re learning to drive, and where their driving lessons are coming from:
- The majority of drivers are confident in their own driving abilities (81 percent rank themselves highly), but 66 percent have felt unsafe when someone else was at the wheel.
By our math, that means 15 percent of drivers are wildly overconfident in their abilities.
- 3 in 4 (73 percent) have witnessed an accident or experienced a “close call” firsthand (76 percent), and 62 percent have been in an accident that someone else caused.
Let that sink in for a minute: Sixty-two percent of drivers have been involved in an accident caused by someone else. All that kept them from being a statistic in this year’s teen traffic fatalities is safety equipment and good fortune.
- 69 percent see other motorists ignoring safe-driving practices daily.
- Not surprisingly, 75 percent of drivers admit to “offering advice from the other seat.
- The best sources of advice are still the tried-and-true: dad (selected by 52 percent), mom (32 percent) and driver’s education instructors (27 percent).
This one should give every parent pause, because frankly, most adults aren’t that great at driving either, based on statistics.
If you got your license some time around 1985, for example, you were driving a full decade before anti-lock brakes became prevalent, and two decades before stability control, forward collision warnings and even things like backup cameras came into fashion.
Kids who take driver’s ed. aren’t getting any kind of real-world driving instruction. Students are taught the requirements to pass the driving test, not to evade a stopped car in their lane at 60 miles an hour, not to apply full braking pressure to stop from full speed, or how to countersteer to counteract a skid.
In our research for our upcoming BestRide Ultimate Guide to Winter Driving (publishing the first week in November) we learned that most driving schools in New England — where it snows approximately 11 months of the year — cancel their driving classes if school is canceled for winter weather.
How are we expecting teens to drive safely in bad weather when we don’t even teach rudimentary driving skills in winter weather?
- The driving advice people receive most frequently includes signaling before changing lanes (75 percent) and staying in the right lane unless you’re passing (68 percent).
That’s fine, but it’s hardly going to save a life on the highway. If you’re going to share advice with your teens, start with these six pieces of advice:
- If the car they’re driving has antilock brakes, apply full brake pressure, DO NOT pump the brakes.
- Antilock brakes’ biggest benefit is not stopping you faster, but allowing you to maintain steering control under maximum braking. Don’t just hammer the brakes and continue traveling in a straight line. Steer around the obstacle.
- Always look where you want to go. Target fixation is a real issue, especially with new drivers. It’s what seems to draw you into the oncoming lane when a car with bright headlights is coming in the other direction. Staring at the telephone pole you’re about to crash into isn’t helping.
- Minimize distractions. We’re fixated on mobile phones now, but as our friends at MIT and AAA have told us, all distractions are an issue: tuning the radio, having a heated conversation, resetting the trip odometer, all of it. Focus on the task at hand.
- Use extra caution on the weekends. The IIHS notes that 53 percent of motor vehicle crash deaths among teenagers in 2012 occurred on Friday, Saturday or Sunday.
- Drive alone. According to the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety, the risk of 16- or 17-year old drivers being killed in a crash increases exponentially with each additional teenage passenger in the vehicle. The risk increases 44 percent with one passenger; doubles with two passengers, and quadruples with three or more passengers.
We’ll add those to the #SharingSafety hashtag this week.
“We want to draw people into a national conversation about road safety during National Teen Driver Safety Week,” said Pete Selleck, chairman and president of Michelin North America. “Sharing even simple tips like how to maintain tires could mean the difference between life or death.”
If your new driver is ready for their own car, we’ve assembled a list of five used cars for teens that provide better than average safety results, plus won’t break the bank.
Michelin provided the following infographic with more data from their study. Talk with your kids about it, use the #SharingSafety hashtag on Twitter, and consider enrolling your kids in a driving class that goes beyond the rudiments in traditional driver’s ed. | <urn:uuid:7c284824-b985-465c-a1ae-2fb308502bab> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://bestride.com/research/tips-and-tricks/michelins-teen-driving-safety-survey-results-are-frightening | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718296.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00538-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948071 | 1,112 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Tracking The Conclave Through Social Media
The papal conclave is one of the Roman Catholic Church’s most sacred and secretive traditions. So how does that fit with the modern social media age?
As you might expect, there are some restrictions in place. The same secrecy rules that have applied to the College of Cardinals since the Middle Ages still apply but now they extend to iPhones, iPads and social media accounts.
At least two Americans believed early on to be in the mix for Pope – Cardinals Sean O’Malley of Boston and Timothy Dolan of New York are pretty clued-in to the social media world. They have both gone silent since the conclave began in accordance with an oath of secrecy.
The recently launched papal Twitter feed has also gone quiet since Benedict XVI’s departure. That hasn’t stopped words like “Pope” and “Rome” from trending on the social network though.
Some are shunning social media in favor of apps to keep up with what’s happening in Vatican City. The Pope App for Apple and Android is a project of The Vatican’s media offices – dubbed an all-access pass to papal events.
Another app called Pope Alarm is a text and e-mail messaging service from the Fellowship of Catholic University Students – designed to keep papal watchers in the know as soon as the traditional plume of white smoke appears and a new leader for the church is chosen. | <urn:uuid:747803e5-dc27-4fb1-832c-1e5dc974b960> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://whnt.com/2013/03/13/tracking-the-conclave-through-social-media/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00045-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948954 | 304 | 1.9375 | 2 |
Tomoaki Saito, Manabu Watanabe, Koji Asai, Hiroshi Matsukiyo, Tomotaka Ishii, Manabu Kujiraoka, Asako Takahashi, Takaharu Kiribayashi, Toshiyuki Enomoto, Youichi Nakamura, Yasushi Okamoto, Natsuya Katada, Yoshihisa Saida, Shinya Kusachi. Toho University Ohashi Medical Center
Background: Appendicitis is various pathophysiological conditions from catarrhalis to gangrenous and is also different therapeutic strategies among hospitals. Single incision laparoscopic appendectomy (SILS-A) is one of the therapeutic strategies for appendicitis. Aim: To clarify the feasibility of SILS-A.
Patients and Method: Patients underwent laparoscopic appendectomy for appendicitis from January 2011 to October 2014. All patients were diagnosed by CT examination in our hospital. We analyzed the patients’ characteristics and perioperative complications compared SILS-A with conventional laparoscopic appendectomy retrospectively.
Results: Fourteen patients underwent SILS-A and 210 underwent CLA. There was no significant statistical difference between two groups regarding patients’ characteristics and perioperative complications but CLA cases tended to be performed more often than SILS-A cases in emergent cases (p=0.082) . Most SILS-A was performed by expert laparoscopic surgeons.
Conclusion: SILS-A was feasible and it will be one of the therapeutic options for appendicitis, on the other hand, operators were limited. Further education is expected for younger surgeons.
Presented at the SAGES 2017 Annual Meeting in Houston, TX.
Abstract ID: 80122
Program Number: P266
Presentation Session: Poster (Non CME)
Presentation Type: Poster | <urn:uuid:97e1d209-2ebc-478f-876e-33cbaa3e2389> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sages.org/meetings/annual-meeting/abstracts-archive/standardization-for-single-incision-laparoscopic-appendectomy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.875244 | 386 | 1.625 | 2 |
Sedalia launched its Community Fund Drive to raise money for the Boy Scouts, Girl Scouts, Y.M.C.A., Red Cross, and Salvation Army in October 1927. The second day of the campaign, the workers met for luncheon and a report of pledged giving at the Bothwell Hotel. The Sedalia Capital reported this event, and continued to urge Sedalians to contribute to the fund. The fund’s director, Dr. Harry McKeon, and the press used a variety of tactics, ranging from simply asking to gentle coercion to outright pressure to convince people to give.
Many of the appeals noted the prosperity of Sedalia and the need of those so blessed to help others. For example, committee member Ira Melton told folks that every resident of Sedalia and of the surrounding area “owed” some financial support to the charitable organizations in Sedalia and that those who refused to contribute were “parasites” on the community.
The notion of a parasitic relationship was furthered with the explanation by the Capital that the names of those who refused to give were written on cards and placed in the “morgue,” a box where the identity of “dead” prospects were placed.
In a similar manner, General Superintendent Walker of the MK & T Railroad Shops established a circular argument connecting employee giving to their keeping their jobs. He told his employees that as “the best paid men in Sedalia,” (a questionable claim) they owed their jobs to the Katy, which owed its success to Sedalia, which owed its prosperity to new businesses, which owed their existence to the welfare of the city. “When you help others, you help yourselves,” he stated when he encouraged all employees to contribute.
The press also tried to shame the citizens into giving by comparing Sedalia to other communities. The Capital noted that Corning, New York, a town about the same size as Sedalia, had raised $70,000, nearly $10,000 more than requested. The workers in Corning each contributed a day’s wage to its city’s fund.
Colonel Donald Lamm, chairman of the fund raising committee, threatened that if Sedalians did not reach their minimum goal, the city’ reputation would suffer and Sedalia would “have a blot on its fair name.”
The press further tried to shame citizens into giving by printing the names of those companies that had pledged contributions from 100 percent of their workers and by printing the names of individuals who contributed. Those whose names did not appear would be noted, and the Capital hoped, talked about as bad citizens.
As the campaign continued, pressure to give increased. An editorial praised those soliciting for the fund and denounced those who questioned whether the various recipients of the money truly needed or deserved it. The paper noted that both the Sedalia Democrat and the Sedalia Capital had received contributions from 100 percent of their employees, including the young boys who delivered the newspapers.
On the fourth day of the campaign, only half of the $32,117.82 goal had been raised, and the committee was scaling back its goal to $22,000. The committee then decided to extend the fund raising efforts beyond the original week in order to allow committee members to contact more potential donors.
Whether the fund actually reached its goal remains in question, but a brief article on Nov. 1 reported that a benefit performance of the movie “The Collegians” and a talent exhibition by local young people raised $160 for the Community Chest.
Rhonda Chalfant is the president of the Pettis County chapter of NAACP and the Pettis County Historical Society. | <urn:uuid:0d416b84-34b8-4a72-b1f7-43ddaf0b1ccb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://sedaliademocrat.com/opinion/15629/pressure-tactics-used-by-community-fund | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282926.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00395-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976472 | 762 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Throughout these chapters on domestic rug-making, I have given the old and familiar recipes for the colors used in dyeing the materials for the rugs since there seems to be a certain poetic justice in the association of these old-time methods. The recipes are for dyestuffs known as natural dyes. Some of them, however, like the formula for peach-leaf yellow in the chapter on the crocheted rug, might be more specifically classed as ” hedge row dyes.” Natural dyes consist of coloring matter which comes directly from animal, vegetable, mineral and metallic sub-stances. These pigments are often mistakenly classed together as vegetable dyes. The term natural dye is more inclusive and stands op-posed to all pigments produced by artificial means. Artificial dyestuffs are mostly derived from coal-tar and aniline products by analyzing the component parts of a natural dye and by reproducing them chemically.
In recommending the use of the older methods of dyeing I do not wish to ignore or criticize the progress made by the chemist in mod-ern coloring matters. But for the handicrafter the natural dye seems to me to have some ad-vantages. First of all, the colors can be used without modification whereas the artificial colors are crude and must all be toned down. A color-blind handicrafter could get good color with natural dye, but one often thinks that the user of artificial pigments is by nature color-blind.
For example, there is a series of artificial dyes called sulphur dyes because they are chemically derived from the action of sulphur and caustic alkali on organic matters. This is perhaps the most useful series of artificial dyes there is for the handicrafter, consisting of permanent colors but raw and crude unless toned down. Sulphur blue, for instance, must be modified with its complementary color, orange yellow, as there is no red in this series, before it loses its crudeness. If the natural dyes were used the fabric would first be dipped in blue and then on top of that the orange yellow would be overlaid. The artificial dyes must be mixed together in a powdered state and then used as a single color. It is exceedingly difficult to know what proportion of each color will produce the desired composite. I doubt if these dyes were intended to be modified in this way else the chemist who discovered the series would have provided a more exact recipe for toning them down. However, since they must be toned down, it is better to tone them down by guess-work than not at all.
When sulphur dyes are toned down by over-laying, they strip; that is, the first coating of the dye comes off when the second one is dyed and the fabric remains the second color. There are many artificial dyes which do not strip, such as the artificial indigos and acid dyes for silk and wool. But when these are overlaid the results are not satisfactory, for the composite colors are apt to turn a muddy gray under artificial light. The three complementary colors, orange, green, violet, must probably be produced in the same manner as the primaries, blue, red and yellow.
The dyer in using the natural dye can work as a painter does with a color palette beginning with the three primaries, blue, red and yellow, and from them producing their complementaries, orange, green and violet, and then their further modifications. Natural dyes act ac-cording to the accepted theory of color mixing, and when applied to handicraft can be depended upon to correspond to this theory. As far as I know no one has evolved the theory of color for artificial dyestuffs, so their contrary way of acting has not been scientifically explained. Being artificial they must of course have a code of their own which differs from the theories and laws of natural pigments. They all do extraordinary things under artificial light; most of the blues and greens look so much alike that it is difficult to tell them apart. Some of the acid dyes also get much cruder under artificial light. The sulphur dyes all get duller except the yellow which stays as strong as in daylight. And red, which in the natural pigment gains a finer quality of tone, often turns a dull and uninteresting brown. For this reason it is so difficult to match commercially dyed fabrics. This is why all the large dry goods stores have a gas room where samples may be examined by customers under artificial light. In different materials, as for ex-ample silk and wool which match in color in the daytime, there is a change at night, and they do not match at all.
Indigo blue which is the most important of all dyestuffs and the most beautiful blue dye there is, being a natural pigment, can be depended on to keep its pureness of quality.
Indigo blues, and greens with an indigo base do not change under lamplight, gaslight or electric light.
Most yellows in natural pigments soften somewhat at night except under candlelight which is itself almost a yellow light. In fa-ding the artificial dyes are also apt to lose in quality of color, while the natural dyes fade into softer and more agreeable tones. All dye-stuffs eventually fade somewhat. Permanency of color is a relative term, for all colors are effected by long exposure to light and even if the degree of color is not noticeably lessened, a certain grayness comes on it after a time. The natural dyes fade in this way and what they lose in degree of color they gain in quality of tone.
The handicrafter can always test a dyed fabric by thoroughly washing and hanging it, while it is very wet, in the sun to dry. It can be re-wet and hung out again or left in the open for about two weeks and be submitted to all the changes of the weather. By this severe test all the loose dye particles fall off and the color is reduced to the barest possibility of later changes.
While most of the cotton cloth which is used in making the old-time rugs is hand-dyed, some of it is to be bought already dyed. All colored cottons and cotton prints dyed by commercial processes with artificial dyestuffs, must be faded before they can be used. This tones down the colors and gives them more of the appearance of old material. The commercially dyed cottons, however, are not originally as crude in color as wool or silk fabrics. Cotton fiber is dyed with more difficulty than either of these because its physical structure has less affinity for coloring matters. The commercial cotton dyer and printer has special appliances for fixing dyes on cotton fiber; the most important of these is a steaming room where the cloth is kept at a certain temperature in order to assist the dye to attach itself to the fiber, but the amateur dyer does not command these complicated mechanical conveniences for methods of artificial dyeing.
All old cotton and woolen materials which have seen long service from wear, and which have faded as much as they possibly can fade, are most desirable from the artistic standpoint for handicrafters; but the supply of these is apt to give out when rugs are made for sale. Consequently goods must be bought to take their place. Some of our old-time rugs are to be made of commercial cottons, some of hand dyed cotton and others of old materials. Thus the handicrafter will get a new experience from making each kind.
In Colonial times when rugs were made entirely for home service, they were made of the only kind of materials then available, which were hand-woven woolens and cottons. I have heard some criticism on using new material for our rug-making. Some people seem to think that it is artistically unsound to re-weave materials which have already been woven. They do not object, however, to the use of old homespuns by the Colonial rug-makers; they say that was an economic necessity. If rugs are to be made for sale now, it is just as much an economic necessity to buy commercially woven and commercially dyed materials to make them with if there’s nothing else to use.
If the objection comes wholly from an artistic standpoint I think it should be applied as a more general criticism to our modern and less artistic ways of living. The Colonial handicrafters raised sheep, spun and wove both cotton and wool. Our amateur handicrafters living and working under more modern and more commercial conditions cannot be as fundamental in this respect as their ancestors. On this account it does not seem to me as if they must give up humbler kinds of craft which might be a profit and a pleasure to them. If this were true then the only sound standpoint of rug-making is that of the Oriental and of the native American Indian since their rugs are the only ones hand-woven directly from a thread.
The same objection would apply to the mod-ern English appliques, for to be logical these ornamental figures of silk and wool cut out and sewed on either a background of silk or wool are also unsound; they should be figures woven into the body of the fabric as it was originally made. The use of applique could not be justified on the ground of diversity of texture by combining different materials. With the improved hand loom and Jacquard loom the most wonderful mechanical skill is used in weaving fabrics. But alas, these are not always beautiful. It is wise to work fundamentally and thoroughly, but if we cannot do so with absolute thoroughness we must do as conscientiously and as well as conditions will let us. In this way we may learn to do better. | <urn:uuid:cf84350a-e76b-4dbd-9bf1-32b9248ed09d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://rugs.yodelout.com/rugs-and-a-word-about-dyes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00236-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971082 | 1,999 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Teenagers make up a quarter of all mothers in Transkei, South Africa, and well over 75% of them are unmarried.
Such a high rate of teenage pregnancy is indicative of a high level of unprotected adolescent sexual activity.
We examined sexual behaviour, knowledge and attitudes to sexuality among adolescent school girls in Transkei, using a self-administered questionnaire, in order to establish the incidence of sexual activity, and associated risk factors.
Of the 1072 respondents, 74.6% were already sexually experienced, and 21.0% were not.
The majority of sexually experienced girls (SEGs) and sexually inexperienced girls (SIGs) were living with both their parents.
There were no religious differences between the two groups of girls.
The age of SEGs at first coitus correlated positively with the age of menarche, and the age at the first date, suggesting that sexual maturation and onset of dating were possible risk factors for initiation of sexual activity.
Contraceptive use was low, and a third of SEGs had been pregnant at least once.
The knowledge of reproductive biology among both groups of girls was generally poor, although SEGs were significantly more knowledgeable than SIGs.
The majority of girls in both groups did not approve of premarital sex, and adolescent pregnancy.
They also did not approve of the idea of introducing sex education in schools, or the provision of contraceptives by schools. (...)
Mots-clés Pascal : Comportement sexuel, Connaissance, Attitude, Evaluation, Expérience, Cycle reproducteur, Adolescent, Homme, République Sud Africaine, Afrique
Mots-clés Pascal anglais : Sexual behavior, Knowledge, Attitude, Evaluation, Experience, Reproductive cycle, Adolescent, Human, South Africa, Africa
Notice produite par :
Inist-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique
Cote : 96-0379198
Code Inist : 002B30A03B. Création : 10/04/1997. | <urn:uuid:c04c443e-2a8b-4a5e-b6cc-641a2980206e> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.bdsp.ehesp.fr/Base/132001/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719843.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00293-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.911441 | 437 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Center for Creative Connections Community Parner Response Installation: "Sculpting Space: 299 Chairs" by Faculty and Students of the Dallas ISD Architecture Magnet Program at Skyline High School
Last Harvested At
Dallas Museum of Art
This installation was created by students in the Dallas ISD architecture magnet program at Skyline High School, led by teachers Tom Cox and Peter Goldstein. The students' goal was to transform the gallery through the manipulation of standard plastic classroom chairs. They began by exploring a number of spatial concepts such as open, dense, rotating, and expanding. Then, working in small teams, they used the chairs to “sculpt space.” During this process, Gary Cunningham and Rizi Faruqi led the students in a series of hands-on sessions to assist with the challenges of connecting the chairs in order to shape the space. The students collaborated with Cunningham Architects to resolve details and to combine their individual pieces into a single spatial composition. The chairs for the installation came from three Dallas ISD elementary schools: Urban Park, Medrano, and Dealey Montessori. The chairs resonate with memories as shown in the video that documents the thoughts and observations of the students who once used them. Video and editing services were donated by Brad Herbert and Rick Perez of Element X Creative. The chairs will be donated to local libraries after the installation.
The Dallas Museum of Art is supported, in part, by the generosity of DMA Members and donors, the citizens of Dallas through the City of Dallas Office of Cultural Affairs, and the Texas Commission on the Arts. | <urn:uuid:84032bfc-9edc-4ef0-bbcc-d1f140ee6d81> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.dma.org/art/exhibition-archive/center-creative-connections-community-parner-response-installation-sculpting | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00452-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947307 | 322 | 2.078125 | 2 |
If you don’t live in Massachusetts, which most of us don’t—a good thing because it’s not exactly a roomy state—then you likely haven’t seen the commercials aiming to persuade people to vote “no” on Massachusetts Question 1, the “Right to Repair Law” Vehicle Data Access Requirement Initiative. I’m going to say it’s a good thing these ads haven’t crawled across your screen because they are absolute fear-mongering bullshit, funded by almost all of the major automakers currently selling in America. Their goal is to make it impossible for individuals or independent shops to repair cars.
The ads are funded in part by the Alliance for Automotive Innovation, which includes members such as BMW Group, Bosch, FCA (and PSA, so I guess Stellantis now), Ferrari, Ford, GM, Honda, Hyundai/Kia, Isuzu, Jaguar Land Rover, Nissan, Mazda, Mitsubishi, Porsche and more—hell, even freaking Karma is in on this. It’s pretty much everyone except, notably, Tesla, and while it is no angel in this category, it’s worth noting that Elon Musk’s company is not joining in.
Fundamentally, here is what the yes or no options for Question 1 would do:
A “yes” vote supports requiring manufacturers that sell vehicles with telematics systems in Massachusetts to equip them with a standardized open data platform beginning with model year 2022 that vehicle owners and independent repair facilities may access to retrieve mechanical data and run diagnostics through a mobile-based application.
A “no” vote opposes requiring vehicles beginning with model year 2022 to be equipped with a standardized open data platform that vehicle owners and independent repair facilities may access to retrieve mechanical data and run diagnostics through a mobile-based application, thereby maintaining that vehicle owners and independent repair facilities may access mechanical and diagnostic data through a personal computer.
What this question does is attempt to either close or leave open a loophole in Massachusetts’ original Right to Repair law that passed overwhelmingly in 2012. Here’s what a yes or no on that vote resulted in:
A YES VOTE would enact the proposed law requiring motor vehicle manufacturers to allow vehicle owners and independent repair facilities in Massachusetts to have access to the same vehicle diagnostic and repair information made available to the manufacturers’ Massachusetts dealers and authorized repair facilities.
A NO VOTE would make no change in existing laws.
So, what that did was to put into law that automotive diagnostic systems like OBD-II must remain a standard that is available to both factory-authorized automotive dealerships as well as independent shops and individual owners who want to repair their own cars.
It’s a law that protects your ability to go out and buy a $20 OBD reader and get access to the same diagnostic data an authorized dealer has access to—those ominous alerts your car issues with a glowing Check Engine light.
That means you, the car’s owner, can choose to repair your car yourself, go to an independent shop or go to a dealer, and you have the same rights and access to the diagnostic and technical information from your car as anyone.
And that’s how it should be.
Now, the loophole in the law is that the existing wording is interpreted to not apply to wireless transmission of data. So, while your OBD reader may get some information via that big-ass connector under the dash, if carmakers wanted to supply crucial diagnostic or other data wirelessly, voting “no” on Question 1 (2020) would allow carmakers to make the wireless standards proprietary, effectively screwing independent repair shops, owners who want to do their own repairs or even just owners who want to have more information on their own when they take their car to a dealer.
No reasonable, non-sucker car owner would want to restrict their own ability to get their cars repaired as they choose, right? We saw with the 2012 law how 87 percent of the population already made clear they wanted some degree of right to repair, so how can the automakers convince people to give this basic right to repair up?
Simple: by trying to scare the shit out of them.
Here are the ads the Alliance for Automotive Innovation is running:
Yes, that’s the right ad. They’re attempting to equate the ability of you or an independent mechanic you choose to read data from your car with being stalked and possibly sexually or otherwise assaulted.
That overwrought commercial states that “a sexual predator could use the data to stalk their victims,” and “pinpoint exactly where you are...if you’re alone” and “even take control of your vehicle.”
Really? A sexual predator can find me just by knowing that cylinder bank 1 is running too lean or that I’ve got a misfire in cylinder 3?
And taking control of your vehicle? This is still extremely unlikely. You’re more likely to get into a wreck by running into one of those giant flailing tube men and then into a chili tanker than having a hacker remotely commandeer your car.
Remember, this is intended for diagnostic data. And, yes, it is absolutely a concern that modern cars can collect other information about you—there’s GPS data that could reveal places you’ve been, there’s information from phones that may have paired with the car, there’s backup cameras and other cameras and all that—but none of that is the data that’s in question here.
And, if that personal data can be accessed via CANbus protocols, then that’s an issue no matter what, unrelated to this question. Plus, if you’re being stalked, much of the information they’re trying to freak you out about can be gained by, you know, watching someone.
There’s another, similar ad:
Your address is likely on your phone, too, or your computer or many other computers—people with bad intentions have many options if they want to hack computers to find out about you.
Personal security isn’t the issue here—it’s a distraction designed to make people scared, and as a result, give up their rights to repair their own cars by themselves or have it done by a shop they choose.
Plus, all of this assumes that somehow your local dealership will have a better handle on keeping any potentially sensitive information more secure than anyone else would. There is zero evidence to support that, and dealership staffs include ordinary dipshits just like every other business in the world. There is no reason to believe a dealership would be able to keep your data any safer than an independent shop.
This proposal for data access isn’t a shady way for sickos to find when you’re alone and vulnerable; it’s a very reasonable safeguard for car owners to have to make sure that they really own the machines they give up their hard-earned money to buy.
Being forced to take your car to an authorized dealer because no one else has access to the car’s systems would be a miserable state of affairs, and one we should not let happen.
Farmers have been dealing with these issues for their agricultural equipment for years, and nobody is better off when the big companies have sole access to repair other than the big companies themselves.
The fact that automakers are resorting to such ridiculous and sensationalized attempts to scare people into voting against their own interests shows you how poor their core argument is.
Massachusetts voters: Don’t be taken in by this miserable fear-mongering. Vote to keep automotive repair standards open and accessible to all! Vote yes on Question 1 and let all those big rich companies know that they don’t get to own your car after you bought it. | <urn:uuid:04ec3bc8-7d46-4af8-a3e5-02097fbaf79b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jalopnik.com/automaker-funded-groups-are-using-fear-mongering-to-tak-1844921369?_ga=2.30781244.206840807.1642026139-1365798019.1642026139 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00471.warc.gz | en | 0.956653 | 1,640 | 1.601563 | 2 |
WASHINGTON, DC, June 2, 2014 (ENS) – For the first time, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has proposed to limit emissions of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide from existing power plants, the single largest source of carbon pollution in the United States.
Democrats and public health and environmental groups rejoiced in the proposal of a measure they have advocated for years to fight climate change, but Republicans cried doom, warning that the rule would destroy the American economy.
Power plants that burn fossil fuels such as coal and oil account for roughly one-third of all climate-changing greenhouse gas emissions in the United States. There are currently no national limits on carbon dioxide emissions, although limits are in place for the levels of arsenic, mercury, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particle pollution that power plants can emit.
EPA Administrator Gina McCarthy said, “Climate change, fueled by carbon pollution, supercharges risks to our health, our economy, and our way of life. EPA is delivering on a vital piece of President Obama’s Climate Action Plan by proposing a Clean Power Plan that will cut harmful carbon pollution from our largest source – power plants.”
The Clean Power Plan is expected to provide up to $93 billion in climate and public health benefits, according to the EPA.
“By leveraging cleaner energy sources and cutting energy waste, this plan will clean the air we breathe while helping slow climate change so we can leave a safe and healthy future for our kids,” said McCarthy. “We don’t have to choose between a healthy economy and a healthy environment. Our action will sharpen America’s competitive edge, spur innovation, and create jobs.”
In 2009, following a U.S. Supreme Court decision ordering the agency to determine whether or not carbon dioxide is a pollutant under the Clean Air Act, EPA determined that atmospheric carbon dioxide threatens Americans’ health and welfare by leading to long lasting changes in Earth’s climate that can have a range of negative effects on human health and the environment. This determination gave the EPA the authority to regulate carbon dioxide emissions.
On September 20, 2013, EPA proposed carbon pollution standards for power plants that will be built in the future and began the process of outreach to states, stakeholders and the public to establish carbon pollution standards for currently operating power plants.
On June 2, 2014, under President Obama’s Climate Action Plan announced in June 2013, the agency proposed the Clean Power Plan to cut carbon pollution from existing power plants.
The Clean Power Plan will be implemented through a state-federal partnership under which states identify a path forward using either current or new electricity production and pollution control policies to meet the goals of the proposed program.
The proposal provides guidelines for states to develop plans to meet state-specific goals to reduce carbon pollution and gives them the flexibility to design a program that makes the most sense for their unique situation.
States can choose the right mix of generation using diverse fuels, energy efficiency and demand-side management to meet the goals and their own needs. It allows them to work alone to develop individual plans or to work together with other states to develop multi-state plans.
Included in today’s proposal is a flexible timeline for states to follow for submitting plans to the agency. Plans are due in June 2016, with the option to use a two-step process for submitting final plans if more time is needed.
States that have already invested in energy efficiency programs will be able to build on these programs during the compliance period to help make progress toward meeting their goal.
By 2030, the Clean Power Plan is expected to cut carbon emissions from the power sector by 30 percent nationwide below 2005 levels. This is equal to the emissions from powering more than half the homes in the United States for one year.
As a co-benefit, the Clean Power Plan is projected to cut particle pollution, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur dioxide by more than 25 percent.
The EPA says that as a result up to 6,600 premature deaths will be avoided, as well as up to 150,000 asthma attacks in children, and up to 490,000 missed work or school days.
Since last summer, EPA officials have engaged with state, tribal, and local governments, industry and labor leaders, non-profits, and others. The agency said these consultations confirmed that “states have been leading the way for years in saving families and businesses money through improving efficiency, while cleaning up pollution from power plants.”
To date, 47 states have utilities that run demand-side energy efficiency programs, 38 have renewable portfolio standards or goals, and 10 have market-based greenhouse gas emissions programs. The EPA says these programs represent a proven, common-sense approach to cutting carbon pollution.
EPA will accept public comments on the proposal for 120 days after publication in the Federal Register and will hold four public hearings on the proposed Clean Power Plan during the week of July 28 in: Denver, Atlanta, Washington, DC and Pittsburgh.
Based on this input, EPA will finalize standards next June, following the schedule laid out by President Barack Obama in the June 2013 Presidential Memorandum.
In his weekly address to the nation last Saturday, President Obama anticipated criticism from Republicans in Congress, saying, “Now, special interests and their allies in Congress will claim that these guidelines will kill jobs and crush the economy. Let’s face it, that’s what they always say. ”
“But every time America has set clear rules and better standards for our air, our water, and our children’s health – the warnings of the cynics have been wrong. They warned
that doing something about the smog choking our cities, and acid rain poisoning our lakes, would kill business. It didn’t. Our air got cleaner, acid rain was cut
dramatically, and our economy kept growing.”
“These excuses for inaction somehow suggest a lack of faith in American businesses and American ingenuity. The truth is, when we ask our workers and businesses to innovate, they do. When we raise the bar, they meet it. When we restricted cancer-causing chemicals in plastics and leaded fuel in our cars, American chemists came up with better substitutes. When we phased out the gases that depleted the ozone layer, American workers built better refrigerators and air conditioners. The fuel standards we put in place a few years ago didn’t cripple automakers; the American auto industry retooled, and today, they’re selling the best cars in the world, with more hybrids, plug-in, and
fuel-efficient models to choose from than ever before,” said Obama.
“In America, we don’t have to choose between the health of our economy and the health of our children,” he said. ” The old rules may say we can’t protect our environment and promote economic growth at the same time, but in America, we’ve always used new technology to break the old rules.”
“As President, and as a parent,” said Obama, “I refuse to condemn our children to a planet that’s beyond fixing.”
Republicans lost no time in criticizing Obama’s Clean Power Plan. Although the EPA projects that the plan will shrink electricity bills roughly eight percent by increasing energy efficiency and reducing demand in the electricity system, House Speaker John Boehner of Ohio disagrees.
“The President’s plan would indeed cause a surge in electricity bills – costs stand to go up $17 billion every year,” said Boehner. “But it would also shut down plants and potentially put an average of 224,000 more people out of work every year. It’s a sucker punch for families everywhere paying more for just about everything in the president’s fragile economy.”
Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell of Kentucky, a coal-producing state, said, “Today’s announcement is a dagger in the heart of the American middle class, and to representative democracy itself.”
“By imposing these draconian new rules on the nation’s coal industry, President Obama and every other liberal lawmaker in Washington who quietly supports them is also picking regional favorites, helping their political supporters in states like California and New York while inflicting acute pain on states like Kentucky.”
While environmentalists and Democratic Members of Congress praised the Clean Power Plan, predictably, the fossil fuel industries rejected it.
American Petroleum Institute President and CEO Jack Gerard said, “This proposal is not consistent with the administration’s own ‘all of the above’ energy strategy. The uncertainty created will have a chilling effect on energy investment that could cost jobs, raise electricity prices and make energy less reliable.”
“The energy sector is already one of the most heavily regulated industries in the United States,” said Gerard. “Our air is getting cleaner under existing regulations, and carbon emissions are down due to technological advancements developed by the private sector. We can continue to make environmental progress without damaging the economy.”
Texas Democrat Eddie Bernice Johnson who serves as Ranking Member of the House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, said,
“The impact of climate change on American citizens is being felt today and the consequences are growing more severe. Acting on climate change is not only an environmental imperative, but a public health one too. Higher risks of asthma attacks, heat stroke, and respiratory disease are all consequences of a warming climate.
“The climate and health benefits of this proposed rule are estimated to be worth up to $93 billion per year in 2030, far outweighing the plan’s estimated annual cost of up to $8.8 billion per year in 2030,” said Johnson. “The long-term job creation and health benefits are clear and I fully support the work the EPA is doing to curb carbon emissions and protect the health of every American.”
Environmental groups support the proposed rule, saying it would protect, not destroy, the economy.
Rebecca Stanfield of the Natural Resources Defense Council blogged, “On May 16, a coalition of companies including Starbucks, the Gap, Levis, Jones Lange LaSalle, Ikea and Nike wrote to Illinois Governor Pat Quinn urging him to, ‘seize the economic opportunity embedded in addressing climate change.'”
They explained that ‘the health of our economy depends on our ability to capitalize on the opportunities in front of us.’ These companies are part of a growing chorus of business leaders who know that America is at its best when it faces challenges head-on, that ignoring climate change is costing us billions every year that we can’t afford, and that putting people to work on solutions is both the right thing to do for future generations, and the best way to grow our economy.”
Environment News Service (ENS) © 2014 All Rights Reserved. | <urn:uuid:cc348b63-8a15-4b48-9f40-c32e0b495749> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ens-newswire.com/u-s-epa-cuts-carbon-emissions-from-existing-power-plants/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.941501 | 2,258 | 3.53125 | 4 |
World renowned hairdresser Vidal Sassoon, inventor of the revolutionary "wash-and-wear" hair style for women, passed away this morning in his Mulholland Drive home surrounded by family members.
He was 84.
Though he was diagnosed with Leukemia in 2009, Sassoon's cause of death at the time of writing is listed as "natural causes."
Trained under British hairdresser Raymond Bessone, Sassoon opened his first salon in London in 1954. There he would come to craft the geometric styles that shaped his career.
"My idea was to cut shape into the hair, to use it like fabric and take away everything that was superfluous," Sassoon told the LA Times in 1993.
He later moved across the pond to New York, and, in 1979, launched his now-iconic line of hair-care products ("If you don't look good, we don't look good").
Sassoon is survived by his fourth wife, Ronnie, and three children from a previous marriage.
[photo via AP] | <urn:uuid:e0ebb908-19dc-4089-8d39-e16d57ea5b41> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://gawker.com/5909009/vidal-sassoon-hairdresser-extraordinaire-dead-at-84?tag=rip | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00428-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.987617 | 221 | 2.203125 | 2 |
The things that Lisa Taft cherishes most in her garden don't have leaves and stems. They wear feathers or fur.
Taft loves the songbirds that arrive every spring and feed each other seeds as part of their mating ritual. She loves the ducks that paddle in her pond, and the foxes with their playful litters of kits that romp like puppies. She even loves the raccoons that occasionally gobble her goldfish, and the deer that nibble her lilies -- although she does try to deter them with a motion-detector sprinkler and Liquid Fence.
"Wildlife is really important to me," she said. "It adds this layer of richness to a garden. It's not just a collection of plants, but an ecosystem."
Her garden, and her know-how, have both grown exponentially during the decade she's lived at her home in New Brighton. But while the garden itself has gotten a lot more ambitious, Taft's mission statement remains a simple one: "I try to keep it natural, to create a little sanctuary for myself, for my family and for the animals," she said.
Taft had no gardening experience when she married her husband, John, in 1999 and moved into the house he'd built several years earlier. "I had never had my own home or land," she said. But plants were in her blood. "Growing up, I remember being strangely fascinated with seed catalogs," she recalled. Later, that interest led her to dabble with orchids and houseplants.
The New Brighton home site offered her a blank slate. It didn't have much in the way of landscaping -- just some turf grass and "industrial-looking rock," she recalled. But it had plenty of potential. There was a heavily wooded area at the back of the lot, and a path through the woods that appeared to be a wildlife corridor. "I grew up in North Oaks, and I never saw wildlife like I do here ... daily, summer and winter," she said. "There was a pretty grove of aspens. It was a perfect site."
She started with a small vegetable garden -- "an ugly, rectangular bed," she said. Then she planted some flowers. Then she created some tiered beds in the back, and an undulating bed in the front. "One thing led to another. Now all I do is expand," she said. "There's a little less grass every year."
Lisa is a tech-savvy "plant collector" who trolls the Internet for offbeat species and introductions. "I can't resist trying new things," she said. But she's acquired most of her garden knowledge the old-fashioned way, through trial and error, she said. "I learn from my mistakes."
One example: her first, failed attempts to grow showy lady's slipper, the Minnesota state flower. "You wouldn't believe how many I killed," she said. "Finally, I've been successful." The secret is to excavate her clay soil before planting, and amend it with lighter soil and compost from one of her four piles. Now the soil where the lady's slippers are planted is mostly sand, she said. "That's made all the difference."
If a plant isn't thriving, Lisa doesn't hesitate to relocate it. "A lot of what I do is move things around 'til I get it right. I try to find groupings of plants that complement each other and look natural. And I'm really compulsive. If something is the wrong color or texture, I'll move it until I find the right spot."
As the gardens took shape, the neighbors began to take notice of her efforts. "A few years ago, we were on the pond tour, and some of the ladies in the neighborhood stopped by to introduce themselves," Lisa recalled. "One of them told me they all knew that John must have gotten married because of the way the house was so completely transformed. I had to laugh."
John is the first to admit that Lisa is the expert. "I don't garden. Too many cooks in the kitchen," he said.
But he's contributed in other ways, such as building a trellis Lisa wanted, and offering occasional suggestions. Their large back-yard water feature, which includes a waterfall and pond, was his brainstorm.
"When he first floated the idea, I thought it was crazy," Lisa said. "But it's absolutely the best thing we've ever done. The sound is so soothing. And it attracts wildlife. Birds bathe there. I see birds I would never see otherwise, like scarlet tanagers. They really don't hang out in the suburbs."
Doing what comes naturally
Lisa's garden has evolved, with the more formal and thirsty plants, including her English roses, near the house. As the back yard slopes up into the woods, the garden transitions to more informal plantings and native plants. She favors a cool color palette of blues, purples, pinks and whites. "I find it more restful" than bright, warm colors, she said.
The garden reaches its visual peak in June, when the spring flowers are in full bloom, she said, but she's added foliage and forms to add four-season interest. "Bloom is so sporadic," she said. "Evergreens are really important because they anchor a garden and add structure, even in winter."
As her garden aesthetic has evolved, she's developed an appreciation for subtle plants as well as showy ones. "Now I'm a big fan of ornamental grasses," she said. "Most gardeners, when you're first into it, you go for flashy, like roses and peonies. But grasses have an elegant, understated beauty. I try to use a large variety. One of my favorite parts is the seed heads. And the silver grass has beautiful plumes that last late in the season."
Often, she lets nature help with plant selection. "I have a lot of plants seeding themselves, in odd locations," she said, pointing out examples. "Those white flowers, over by the waterfall ... the wild elderberry and wild Canada plum ... the grapevine covering the window well. It was ugly plastic, but it [the grapevine] seeded itself, and it's perfect there."
Lisa, who works full-time in the health care industry and has two young sons, acknowledged that her garden is labor-intensive. "I have a very high-maintenance garden," she said. "But I don't mind spending time out here. Even when I'm weeding, it's very therapeutic -- kind of like an antidepressant. True gardeners don't even consider it work. I just love to be out here."
Having a beautiful garden has influenced the way her family lives, she said. "We do a lot more entertaining out here, on the patio. Sometimes I sit on the rocks, have coffee and listen to the waterfall." Her boys love to be outside, playing in the woods, digging holes and watching the animals. "They don't understand that not everybody has foxes in their yard," she said. "I tell them someday they'll appreciate it."
Lisa doesn't need to wait for someday. She appreciates it every day. "It really has changed my life," she said. "It's given me this incredible place of peace and beauty, where I can connect with nature."
Kim Palmer • 612-673-4784 | <urn:uuid:c3e1490c-b643-48d1-9864-60f9ca5ec9b5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.startribune.com/where-the-wild-things-are/41368227/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00078.warc.gz | en | 0.986027 | 1,555 | 1.585938 | 2 |
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Never was so much owed by so many to so few.....
Item # 564823
August 20, 1940
CLEVELAND NEWS, Cleveland, Ohio, August 20, 1940
* Famous Winston Churchill speech
* Never was so much owed by so many to so few
* World War II - WWII
This 20 page newspaper has a nice two line banner headline on the front page: "BRITAIN TO OFFER DEFENSE BASES TO U.S. IN NEWFOUNDLAND, INDIES" with related map.
This was when his famous "Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few" speech was given.
Other news of the day with much on the war. Light browning with little margin wear, otherwise in good condition.
wikipedia notes: Never was so much owed by so many to so few is the name commonly given to a speech made by Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Winston Churchill at the height of the Battle of Britain on August 20, 1940. The actual line in the speech is Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few, although the abbreviated form is commonly used in popular culture.
The speech is said to have originated after Churchill visited 11 Group’s operations room at RAF Uxbridge on August 16 during a day of battle. Afterwards, Churchill told Major General Hastings Ismay ‘Don’t speak to me, I have never been so moved’. After several minutes of silence he said ‘Never in the field of human conflict has so much been owed by so many to so few.’ The sentence would form the basis of his speech to the House of Commons on August 20.
The speech was given as the United Kingdom prepared for the expected German invasion. In it, Churchill tried to inspire his countrymen by pointing out that although the last several months had been a series of monumental defeats for the Allies, their situation was now much better. Churchill's argument was in fact correct; shortly thereafter the British won the battle – the first significant defeat for the hitherto unstoppable Nazi war machine.
This speech was a great inspiration to the embattled United Kingdom during what was probably the most dangerous phase of the entire war. Together with the three famous speeches that he gave during the period of the Battle of France (the "Blood, toil, tears, and sweat" speech of 13 May, the "We shall fight on the beaches" speech of 4 June, and the "This was their finest hour" speech of 18 June) they form his most stirring rhetoric.
At the end of the speech, he introduced the first phase of the growing strategic alliance with the United States, and referred to the coming agreement for establishing U.S. bases on various British territories
Category: The 20th Century | <urn:uuid:370d016d-ae32-4168-93d4-b0b1520ca6ad> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.rarenewspapers.com/view/564823?list_url=%2Flist%3Flist_results_format%3Dstandard%2525page%3D23%2525per_page%3D50%2525q%255Bquery%255D%3Dohio%2525q%255Bsearch_method%255D%3DAll%2BWords%2525q%255Btext%255D%3Dohio%2525rc%3Dblog%2525sort%3Ditems.date%2525sort_direction%3DASC&imagelist=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.982276 | 593 | 3.015625 | 3 |
Notable work(s), Al-Mudawwana. Sahnun ibn Sa’id ibn Habib at-Tanukhi (c. / 77 – /55) ( AH – AH) was a jurist in. Mālik b. Anas b. Mālik b. Abī ʿĀmir b. ʿAmr b. al-Ḥārit̲h̲ b. G̲h̲aymān b. K̲h̲ut̲h̲ayn .. Al-Mudawwana al-Kubra, written down by Sahnun ibn Sa’id ibn Habib at-Tanukhi (c. – ) after the death of Malik ibn Anas. Al-Mudawwana al-Kubra. Front Cover. Mālik ibn Anas. Maktaba al-Sa’ada Bibliographic information. QR code for Al-Mudawwana al-Kubra.
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Seller information jarirbooksusa Regarding Malik’s unique contributions to the field of theology specifically, it is known that he was a strict opponent of anthropomorphism and deemed it absurd to compare the attributes of God which were given in “human imagery” such as that of God’s “hands” or “eyes” with those of man. Back to home page. Please enter your name. Although there was a small shrine constructed around his grave during the medieval period, with many Muslims visiting it to pay their respects, the construction was razed to the ground by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during their campaign of demolishing many of the traditional Islamic heritage sites after the kingdom’s establishment in Minimum monthly payments are required.
Muslim scholars of the Maliki School.
The Formation of the Mudawwana
Isma’il ibn Jafar Linked Data More info about Linked Data. Malik is famous for declaring: Arabic Wikisource has original text related to this article: Muhammad al-Bukhari wrote Sahih al-Bukhari hadith books. Please enter a number less than or equal to 1.
Remember me on this computer. Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second EditionEdited by: The text will be examined in the areas of structure, content and presentation.
Truly, the Prophet was present al-kbura this community, he used to send out troops or set forth in person, and he did not conquer many lands until God took back his soul. Therefore, leave people with whatever school they follow and whatever the people of each country chose for themselves. Ali fourth caliph taught. Yet the emir all-kubra the funeral prayers in person, and the people of Qayrawan were greatly upset by his passing.
Al-Mudawwana al-Kubra – Mālik ibn Anas – Google Books
See other items More The item you’ve selected was not added to your cart. Add a review and share your thoughts with other readers. Muslim Academic Trust, ], p.
Malik was a supporter of the orthodox Sunni doctrine of the beatific vision and he is said to have cited Quran Zayd ibn Thabit taught. Abdullah ibn Umar taught. A new, unread, unused book in perfect condition with no missing or damaged pages. Said ibn al-Musayyib taught. For the best chance of winning, increase your maximum bid. There was an error sending your enquiry, why not try again later.
If the ‘alim bypasses ‘I do not know,’ he will receive a mortal blow.
This section relies largely or entirely on a single source. | <urn:uuid:6599bffd-d5b2-4955-b85d-216689890fec> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://alaqwal.com/al-mudawwana-al-kubra-26/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00670.warc.gz | en | 0.920366 | 957 | 1.796875 | 2 |
Running DELTA on Apple Macintosh
Cowan, R.A. (1994) Running DELTA on Apple Macintosh. DELTA Newsletter, 10 . p. 11.
I was introduced to DELTA by associates working at the Western Australian Herbarium. Wow! I thought what a package and so I attended my first DELTA workshop. It was here I learnt the abhorrent fact that “DELTA does not run on a Mac”. “Oh no!” I cried, “I only know how to run a Mac: PC’s, DOS and command lines, these are all beyond me”. I did work at it and learned to use DELTA on the PC but I longed to be able to run DELTA on the Mac since I had in the interim purchased a laptop computer (Powerbook Duo). In conversation with Alex Chapman I learned that there was software written for the Mac called SoftPC, which allowed the Mac to run DOS-based software. I enquired of this programme and received various reports: “Yes it’s a saviour”, “No it’s a dog”, but undeterred I decided to ask for a demo of the software. I found that you can run DOS programmes on a Mac but you have to run them just as you do on a DOS-based machine that is without Microsoft Windows, unless you are prepared to spend more cash on memory upgrades (see below).
|Publication Type:||Journal Article|
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Downloads per month over past year | <urn:uuid:667a22bf-d14c-42a7-8d09-0faad2ac63e6> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/5498/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720845.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00085-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.932745 | 355 | 1.695313 | 2 |
U.S. Sen. Lisa Murkowski, R-Alaska, today commented on the announcement that President Obama intends to nominate Mr. Ronald Binz to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) and, if he is confirmed, to designate Mr. Binz as Chair to succeed departing Chairman Jon Wellinghoff:
"FERC's decisions have a direct effect on whether our nation's energy is abundant, affordable, and secure. During the confirmation process, I will carefully consider the nominee's qualifications and fitness to serve -- not only as Commissioner, but also as Chair."
The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission is an independent, quasi-judicial body that issues hundreds of orders and many rules each year. Murkowski strongly believes that each of the Commissioners, and especially the Chair, must have and maintain a judicial temperament and must demonstrate a record for balance and a scrupulous regard for the law and the rules.
It is noteworthy that in recent decades it has been rare to elevate the newest member of the Commission directly to Chairman. Under the law, FERC's Chair is responsible for setting the Agenda and managing the Agency. | <urn:uuid:19252a1d-364b-4e75-a949-0a61a0eace44> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://votesmart.org/public-statement/795481/sen-murkowski-comments-on-ferc-nomination-announcement | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00072-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938824 | 226 | 1.65625 | 2 |
So now, surrounded by a plethora of undersea life 65 feet
below the eastern face of Apo Isle in OccidentalMindoro, I pray to
Poseidon and secretly assign myself a treasure hunt – a quest to find
the true ‘jewels’ of the deep. Not real jewels, of course – but whatever
makes this area unique. Through the years, I’ve endured enough trips to
unearth everything from bargain sports goods to the comics of a
forgotten age, so this quest feels strangely familiar.
Seven-strong for luck, both our WWF dive column and my thoughts
drift leisurely, propelled alongside a heavily encrusted sea wall by
invisible ocean currents. My attention shifts to the wall, where a
neon-hued array of fairy basslets frolic amidst the swaying tips of
crimson gorgonians. I peer in to inspect their knobby rows of polyps,
careful not to touch anything, Leave No Trace (LNT) principles of
A minute later, an impossibly huge school of Yellow-dashed Fusilier
(Pterocaesio randalli) appears from beneath. I try to estimate their
number but simply cannot – they coalesce into a single mass which fills
my vision end to end. In a moment they are gone, and I am left looking
down into the blue.
This truly is Poseidon’s realm. Consider that 71% of the Earth is
covered in water, and 97% of all this forms its vast oceans. Covering
just 1% of the ocean floor, coral reefs host an incredible variety of
life: one in four marine creatures live within these undersea oases –
and nowhere are these more beautiful and productive than in the wondrous
Pacific archipelago known as the Philippines.
The Origin of Life and Legend
Apo Reef lies at the northern tip
of the Coral Triangle, a 5.7 million square-kilometre region which
spans the seas of six countries including the Philippines, Indonesia,
Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands and Timor-Leste. A
fourth of the world’s islands lie nestled within this exquisite region,
distinguished by the presence of at least 500 species of reef-building
The Coral Triangle is so abundant in marine life that it has been
hailed by globally-renowned coral expert and Corals of the World author
Dr. Charlie Veron as ‘the centre of Earth’s marine diversity’ – home to
605 out of the 798 known reef building corals and 2228 types of reef
fish which include the Sulawesi Coelacanth (Latimeria menadoensis), a
living relic of the Dinosaur era, thought to have been extinct for some
70 million years.
Like the Bermuda Triangle, the area has also spawned a menagerie of
folklore. During the Age of Sail, both pirates and privateers swore of
surmounting enchanting mermaids, wailing sirens, ship-tearing kraken and
all manner of sea monsters.
In actuality, the region is an enormous undersea food factory,
whose produce directly benefits half-a-billion people yearly. A single
square kilometre of healthy reef can keep on producing over 40 metric
tonnes of grouper, oyster, tuna and other forms of seafood year on year.
Obviously, the potential of our seas to sustain life – both human and
otherwise – is Leviathan-sized.
In Greek mythology, the infant
Zeus nursed from a bountiful horn carried by the nymph Amalthea. This
so-called Cornucopian Horn came to be associated with both wealth and
abundance. Properly protected, the Philippines’ 27,000 square kilometers
of coral reefs can too, turn into a Cornucopian Horn, providing for the
needs of millions in a very real bid to eradicate Asian poverty.
Paradise lies troubled, however. For over a century, coastal development, destructive fishing practices, coral
mining, sedimentation, overfishing, chemical pollution and climate change consequences such as ocean warming,
acidification and coral bleaching have been waging an undersea war against our marine enclaves.
Now the Philippines, together with Indonesia – hosts the world’s
most threatened coral reefs, less than 5% of which remain in excellent
condition. Faced with this problem, many countries within the Coral
Triangle established Marine Protected Areas or MPAs to conserve what’s
“Marine Protected Areas evolved
when people realized that portions of coral reefs needed continual
protection to stay productive,” explains WWF Conservation Programs
Vice-President Joel Palma. “These areas go by a host of names: MPAs,
fish sanctuaries or no-take zones. All of them are loosely defined as
inter or subtidal spots reserved by law for the protection of a given
Today the Philippines hosts about 10% of the world’s MPAs – over
500, more than any in Southeast Asia. Established largely through local
government initiatives and maintained through the blood, sweat and tears
of local coastal communities, these undersea enclaves are scattered
throughout the archipelago to provide vital safe havens for Philippine
marine life as well as a growing number of eco-conscious tourists.
Sadly, many MPAs are plagued by a lack of funding. Mismanagement is
rife, and it is estimated that little over 100 MPAs are properly
administered. The rest are dubbed as ‘paper parks’ – areas urgently
needing funding and professional management. MPA incursions due to
hunting have been recurring sources of friction between the Philippines
and its neighbours.
In September of 2007, 126 endangered Green Sea Turtles (Chelonia
mydas) and 10,000 turtle eggs were found aboard Chinese fishing vessel
F/V 01087 in Sulu.
In August of 2008, 101 critically-endangered Hawksbill Turtles
(Eretmochelys imbricata) were found aboard Vietnamese fishing vessel F/V
Q.ng 91234-TS near El Nido.
In April of 2009, 14 Green Sea Turtles were found aboard an unmarked Chinese speedboat near Cauayan Isle, also in El Nido.
Since the 1990s, the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) has been
working with partners in the private sector, government agencies and
civil society in furthering scientific research, policy reform,
protected area and community-based management within the Coral Triangle.
Its Philippine office has pioneered the establishment and upkeep of
Marine Protected Areas in some of the country’s best-known and most
productive coral reefs.
Two of the country’s best-managed MPAs include Apo Reef off the western coast of Occidental Mindoro and the Tubbataha Reefs off the Sulu Sea.
A Jewel in the Orient’s Pearl
Hailed as the Jewel of Mindoro
and a former world-class dive site, 30 years of destructive fishing has
left much of Apo Reef in an abysmal state. In October of 2007, WWF and
the local government of Sablayan in Mindoro spearheaded the total
closure of Apo Reef, at 34 square-kilometers – the country’s largest –
for fishing. In its stead followed alternative livelihood programmes and
a robust ecotourism drive designed to keep livelihoods afloat while
allowing the reef ample time to recover.
Giant fish aggregation devices, locally termed Payaw, have been
installed to provide alternate fishing spots for coastal communities.
The crude but effective contraptions feature a buoy, a counterweight and
anywhere from 10 to 20 giant coconut fronds. Algae growths on the
decomposing fronds attract herbivores such as surgeonfish and
rabbitfish, which then draw in larger predators.
Local group leader Elmo Bijona testifies to the effectiveness of
the devices, “A single Payaw can daily yield maybe 15-kilogrammes of
good fish per boat. You can land Tambakol, Tulingan, Galunggong and even
Yellowfin Tuna on any given night.” The steady rise in the size and
number of fish has been matched by an upsurge of tourists, proving that
ecological stewardship goes hand in hand with profit.
Even more dramatic results are evident in other model sites. From
2004 to 2005, the world-renowned Tubbataha Reefs off Palawan doubled
yearly fish biomass from 166 to 318 metric tonnes per square kilometre –
a yield seven times more productive than a typical reef. In addition,
Tubbataha’s fertile reefs constantly seed adjoining regions such as
eastern Palawan and western Visayas with fish and invertebrate spawn.
Through the work of
WWF and its allies, Apo Reef may one day be what Tubbataha is now.
Apo Reef differs from all other
WWF-Philippines project sites in that it is kept afloat almost
exclusively by donations. Bright Skies for Every Juan is a pioneering
programme which enjoins Cebu Pacific passengers to indirectly offset the
ecological impacts of their flights by donating to the upkeep of the
The programme synergizes the efforts of WWF, Cebu Pacific and the
local government of Sablayan to bolster the region’s resilience to
climate change impacts through MPA protection, the promotion of
responsible ecotourism and the introduction of alternative livelihoods.
"Cebu Pacific’s decision to spearhead climate adaptation is a prime
example of private-sector leadership,” says WWF-Philippines CEO Jose
Ma. Lorenzo Tan. “Our government alone cannot turn back the tide of
climate effects. It is the private sector which has the skills needed to
think incisively, move efficiently and manage risk.”
In the face of worsening climate impacts, protecting biodiversity
enclaves makes perfect sense. Says Tan, “Our work in Apo Reef and other
protected areas focus on more than just biodiversity conservation:
should we succeed in halting climate change, these pockets of marine
resilience will provide the building blocks needed to restore natural
mechanisms which provide food and livelihood for millions of people.
This is a natural investment.”
A White-tipped Oracle
Back in Apo Reef, the hunt
continues. Over an hour’s exploration has yielded little in the way of
jewels or answers. Everywhere the dawn rays begin slicing through the
water, reflecting off an innocuous shadow 30-feet away. Perhaps, I
reflect, what’s important in treasure hunting is the journey. The best
hunters have all learned to pick out treasure from trash. So too must we
allow the hunt ... to transform the hunter.
Inexorably, the shadow morphs into a White-tip Reef Shark
(Triaenodon obesus), itself on a hunt, as evidenced by its menacing and
exaggerated motions. I tense up, one gloved hand cupping a dive-knife
used more for show than anything else. The shark torpedoes onward. Time
slows down. Suddenly an enveloping shadow smothers all light!
Puzzled, I gaze up and realize just what attracted the shark in the
first place. The fusiliers – thousands upon thousands of them, have
returned. The shark pulls up and dives into the mass. As I watch the
fascinating interplay between predator and prey, I notice, as if for the
first time, the fusiliers’ gleaming hues of cobalt, ruby and gold,
gloriously illuminated by the morning. Then and there I realize that the
shark’s hunt led me to the end of mine.
As with the grandest treasure tales, the most valuable fortunes
really do lie sunken beneath the blue. As inhabitants of the world’s
second-largest archipelago, we in the Philippines must realize that the
sea’s greatest treasure is its ability to provide – but that providence
can only continue when we in turn, learn to protect what we have been
gifted with. Satisfied, I nod to the scene and swim off to rejoin the
65 feet below the Jewel of Mindoro, at the apex of the Coral Triangle, I have finally accomplished my treasure hunt. | <urn:uuid:1c1f8415-07bb-4dcf-8a30-8c6f1912d05d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.puertoparrot.com/articles/apo-reveals-its-treasures | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.900055 | 2,699 | 2.234375 | 2 |
Kevin Wood, Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington
Eric Steig, Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington
In the wake of the CRU e-mail hack, the suggestion that scientists have been hiding the raw meteorological data that underpin global temperature records has appeared in the media. For example, New York Times science writer John Tierney wrote, “It is not unreasonable to give outsiders a look at the historical readings and the adjustments made by experts… Trying to prevent skeptics from seeing the raw data was always a questionable strategy, scientifically.”
The implication is that something secretive and possibly nefarious has been afoot in the way data have been handled, and that the validity of key data products (especially those produced by CRU) is suspect on these grounds. This is simply not the case.
It may come as a surprise to some that the first compilation of world-wide meteorological data was published by the Smithsonian Institution in 1927, long before anthropogenic climate change emerged as an important issue (Clayton et al., 1927). This volume is still widely available on the library shelf as are updates that were issued periodically. This same data collection provided the foundation for the World Monthly Surface Station Climatology, 1738-cont. As has been the case for many years, any interested party can access this from UCAR (http://dss.ucar.edu/datasets/ds570) and other electronic data archives.
Now, it is well known that these data are not perfect. Most records are not as complete as could be wished. Errors periodically creep in and have to be identified and weeded out. But beyond the simple errors of the key-entry type there are inevitably discontinuities or inhomogeneities introduced into the records due to changes in observing practices, station environment, or other non-meteorological factors. It is very unlikely there is any historical record in existence unaffected by this issue.
Filtering inhomogeneities out of meteorological data is a complicated procedure. Coherent surface air temperature (SAT) datasets like those produced by CRU also require a procedure for combining different (but relatively nearby) record fragments. However, the methods used to undertake these unavoidable tasks are not secret: they have been described in an extensive literature over many decades (e.g. Conrad, 1944; Jones and Moberg, 2003; Peterson et al., 1998, and references therein). Discontinuities may nevertheless persist in data products, but when they are found they are published (e.g. Thompson et al., 2008).
Furthermore, it is a fairly simple exercise to extract the grid-box temperatures from a CRU dataset—CRUTEM3v for example—and compare it to raw data from World Monthly Surface Station Climatology. CRU data are available from http://www.cru.uea.ac.uk/cru/data/temperature. One should not expect a perfect match due to the issues described above, but an exercise like this does provide a simple way to evaluate the extent to which the CRU data represent the underlying raw data. In particular, it would presumably be of interest to know whether the trends in the CRU data are very different than the trends in the raw data, since this could be taken as indication that the methods used by CRU result in an overstatement of the evidence for global warming.
As an example, we extracted a sample of raw land-surface station data and corresponding CRU data. These were arbitrarily selected based on the following criteria: the length of record should be ~100 years or longer, and the standard reference period 1961–1990 (used to calculate SAT anomalies) must contain no more than 4 missing values. We also selected stations spread as widely as possible over the globe. We randomly chose 94 out of a possible 318 long records. Of these, 65 were sufficiently complete during the reference period to include in the analysis. These were split into two groups of 33 and 32 stations (Set A and Set B), which were then analyzed separately.
Results are shown in the following figures. The key points: both Set A and Set B indicate warming with trends that are statistically identical between the CRU data and the raw data (>99% confidence); the histograms show that CRU quality control has, as expected, narrowed the variance (both extreme positive and negative values removed).
Comparison of CRUTEM3v data with raw station data taken from World Monthly Surface Station Climatology. On the left are the mean temperature anomalies from each pair of randomly chosen times series. On the right are the distribution of trends in those time series and their means and standard errors. (The standard error provides an estimate of how well the sampling of ~30 stations represents the full global data set assuming a Gaussian distribution.) Note that not all the trends are for identical time periods, since not all data sets are the same length.
Conclusion: There is no indication whatsoever of any problem with the CRU data. An independent study (by a molecular biologist it Italy, as it happens) came to the same conclusion using a somewhat different analysis. None of this should come as any surprise of course, since any serious errors would have been found and published already.
It’s worth noting that the global average trend obtained by CRU for 1850-2005, as reported by the IPCC (http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-chapter3.pdf),
0.47 0.54 degrees/century,* is actually a bit lower (though not by a statistically significant amount) than we obtained on average with our random sampling of stations.
*See table 3.2 in IPCC WG1 report.
Clayton, H. H., F. M. Exner, G. T. Walker, and C. G. Simpson (1927), World weather records, collected from official sources, in Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, edited, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
Conrad, V. (1944), Methods in Climatology, 2nd ed., 228 pp., Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
Jones, P. D., and A. Moberg (2003), Hemispheric and large-scale surface air temperature variations: An extensive revision and an update to 2001, Journal of Climate, 16, 206-223.
Peterson, T. C., et al. (1998), Homogeneity adjustments of in-situ atmospheric climate data: a review, International Journal of Climatology, 18, 1493-1517.
Thompson, D. W. J., J. J. Kennedy, J. M. Wallace, and P. D. Jones (2008), A large discontinuity in the mid-twentieth century in observed global-mean surface temperature, Nature, 453(7195), 646-649. | <urn:uuid:246ae16a-71da-4cb4-8905-3bca18f4d953> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2009/12/are-the-cru-data-suspect-an-objective-assessment/comment-page-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.925997 | 1,436 | 3.296875 | 3 |
According to MANA, In a review of major developments for the year, Alphaliner said global container throughput had recovered strongly during the year, growing by an estimated 6.7%, its best advance since 2011.
But while the nominal container fleet capacity grew just 3.9%, effective capacity growth reached 9.5% by December, after accounting for a reduction in the idle fleet.
“Carriers’ inability to rein in the effective growth in fleet capacity has been the main reason for shipping lines’ failure to prevent freight rates falling from the peaks of early 2017,” Alphaliner said.
Moreover, the capacity overhang had yet to be fully cleared.
While the idle containership fleet had shrunk to less than 500,000 teu by December, compared with 1.4m teu a year earlier, it still accounted for more than 2% of the global fleet.
Much of this was attributed to the return to service of ships put into layup following the collapse of Hanjin Shipping.
“In the period from late 2016, after the Korean carrier’s failure, until September 2017, some 500,000 teu of hitherto idle ex-Hanjin capacity has been absorbed by other carriers,” Alphaliner said.
Fleet capacity growth in 2017 was double the rate of 2016, when annual growth was only 1.8%, partly driven by a slowdown in scrapping levels.
“Apart from the effect of numerous large containership newbuildings that joined the world fleet, this higher net growth comes partly due to a lower shipbreaking activity,” Alpahliner said. “Vessel capacity scrapped in 2017 reached 427,250 teu, compared to 675,500 teu in 2016.”
Boxship deliveries reached a total of 1.2m teu in 2017, up by more than a quarter compared with the year before. Of these, 55% were ultra large containerships of more than 14,000 teu.
The impact of the continuing overcapacity in the market was that container freight rates remained stubbornly low, despite increased demand.
Although backhaul rates hit unprecedented highs earlier in 2017, this was caused by equipment shortages and disruptions brought about by The Alliance shake-up. Headhaul rates, which peaked earlier in the year, fell back, erasing all the gains made since September 2016.
This came despite an increasing consolidation in the container shipping sector that saw the top 10 carriers increase their combined capacity share to a new record high of 77% by the end of 2017. This figure is expected to reach 82% following Cosco’s takeover of the Orient Overseas Container Line and the combination of the three Japanese carriers to form Ocean Network Express.
And while the big three European lines — Maersk, Mediterranean Shipping Co and CMA CGM — retain their positions at the top of the league table, Cosco and Hapag-Lloyd have closed the gap following consolidation moves over the past two years, with Cosco expected to jump into third place following the completion of the OOCL acquisition early in 2018. | <urn:uuid:873e1344-cdae-4b0c-8c20-a77f003b78f0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mana.ir/en/news/77925/overcapacity-still-looms-over-boxship-sector | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00670.warc.gz | en | 0.965465 | 641 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Why you need a drag harrow?
A drag harrow, a type of soil cultivation implement, is used to break up and smooth out the surface of the soils. It is designed with many flexible steel tines or teeth to suit all-types applications. For example:
- Aerate and de-thatch pastures, lawns
- breaking up cores
- returning sand/soil to the surface
- Renovate pasture
- Improve root aeration for better water infiltration
- Mix and scatter fertilizers and droppings
- Prepare and cover seedbeds
- Rip out moss and weeds
- Remove sand, gravel and dirt
- Encourage the germination of new growth
- Remove gopher mounds, ant hills, ridges, etc.
Most practical drag harrows we supply:
Form over 50 years' experience, we know the need of our customers clearly, thereby, we introduce two kinds of drag harrows for you: chain harrow and tine harrow.
as its name suggests, features its chain harrow mat with high numbers of steel tines for pasture renovation. According to it frames, the chain harrow can be classified into two types:
Trailed chain harrow:
- Component: Harrow mat, drawbar, optional tow chain or lift frame
- Without frame
- With adjustable tines for all-type terrains
- Four way pulling actions, Various weaving method
- Working width and length can adjust to suit application
Mounted chain harrow:
- Component: harrow mat, optional six kinds of rigid frames
- With adjustable tines for all types of terrains
- Three ways of pulling actions
- Provide hydraulic folding option
- Easy to handle, transport, and store
means the drag harrow with spikes or tines which allow for numerous field improving applications. Our company mainly provides three types of tine harrow as follow:
Spike tooth harrow:
- Component: harrow part, drawbar, optional tow chain, lift frame or wheeled carriers
- With or without frame as your requirements
- Open design or close design
- High carbon steel material
- Adjustable diamond shape teeth with tread head for easy installation repair and replacement
- Teeth can be sold separately
Spring tine harrow:
- Component: harrow part, draw bar, optional lift frame or wheeled carriers
- With or without frame
- Open or close design
- Various types of coil spring tines (see accessories)
- Adjustable directions of coil spring tines for all-type applications
Spring tooth harrow:
- Component: harrow part, drawbar, optional lift frame or wheeled carriers
- With rigid frame
- With curved or S shaped teeth
- Spring teeth can be sold separately. (see accessory)
- Optional tooth number and spacing for different usage
Beside above drag harrows, we also supply drag mat, leveling drag, lift frame, wheeled carrier and some accessories including spike tooth, coil spring tine and spring tooth for easy repair and replacement. What we have done is to maximum cater your needs. Meanwhile, custom sizes, shapes are also available in our company.
Why to Choose Us?
- We are manufacturer for providing competitive price.
- We can give our clients 100% guaranteed quality.
- We offer variety types, sizes, colors of drag harrows to meet your needs.
- We still can give our clients advice and pick up the most suitable drag harrow for our customers
Trailed chain harrow with incomparable price is effective to improve your field quality, mix in fertilizer, prepare seed beds and encourage the growth of plants.
Our mounted chain harrows are designed multifunctional to renovate pasture and smooth ground. Thereby, it has won great acknowledgment from our customer.
Spike tooth harrows are idea tools for leveling, weeding and seedbed preparation. It is manufactured from high carbon steel to ensure high resistance to wear. | <urn:uuid:b0c51dff-0056-4510-96ec-5a0c8b3f30e3> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.drag-harrow.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988722951.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183842-00211-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.874155 | 829 | 2.125 | 2 |
Graphics for Urban Design Paperback
This is a practical guide to producing graphics for urban design projects and planning.
Through illustration and narrative, the authors demonstrate how urban regeneration has inspired a growth and mixture of graphic techniques for communicating a projects vision.
The guidance includes various methods for producing hand-rendered or computer-generated visuals and details the entire planning process, from community consultations to final reports.
- Format: Paperback
- Pages: 128 pages, Illustrations (chiefly col.), col. maps, col. port.
- Publisher: ICE Publishing
- Publication Date: 05/01/2007
- Category: City & town planning - architectural aspects
- ISBN: 9780727733993 | <urn:uuid:ab8a3228-75b4-425f-992e-bc29358b7af3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.hive.co.uk/Product/Bally-Meeda/Graphics-for-Urban-Design/1819590 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281574.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00022-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.771016 | 143 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Two top U.S. Defense Department officials have testified in Congress about military sightings of unexplained flying objects.
The officials told a House Intelligence subcommittee Tuesday the U.S. military is fully prepared to keep investigating the origins of the objects. The Defense Department calls the objects “unidentified aerial phenomena,” or UAPs. UAPs are also commonly known as unidentified flying objects, or UFOs.
The two defense intelligence officials were testifying in the first public congressional hearing on the subject in more than 50 years. The last such hearings took place in the 1960s.
The House hearing came after the release of a U.S. government intelligence report on UAPs last year. That report, ordered by Congress, documented more than 140 cases of UAPs observed by U.S. military pilots since 2004.
One of those testifying at Tuesday’s hearing was Scott Bray. He is deputy director of naval intelligence. He told House members that the official number of UAP sightings recorded by a newly formed Defense Department group had grown to more than 400.
The two officials said investigations were ongoing into the reported sightings. They added, however, that many of the cases remain outside the government’s ability to explain.
The defense officials were asked whether some of the sightings might have originated from extraterrestrial beings. The term extraterrestrial describes things that exist or originate from outside Earth or its atmosphere.
Bray told the hearing that, so far, the Defense Department had discovered no "material” suggesting that any of the sightings were “non-terrestrial in origin." However, he added that military and intelligence experts have not ruled that possibility out.
The officials said department investigators aimed to follow any evidence of UAP sightings as far as it leads them. They noted that the military’s main interest in unexplained objects is that they present possible national security threats.
The other official who testified was Ronald Moultrie. He is the Defense Department’s undersecretary for intelligence and security. He also heads the Pentagon’s latest UAP investigative team.
Moultrie told the hearing that UAP sightings by military members represent possible flight safety risks, as well as general security concerns. Because of this, he said, investigators hope to “determine their origins.”
Moultrie said the department had sought to urge pilots and other military members to report any unusual objects they see. He told lawmakers, “We want to know what's out there as much as you want to know what's out there.”
Bray presented two short videos of UAP sightings. One showed flashing, triangle-shaped objects in the sky. The objects were later judged to be elements of light passing through night-vision glasses. The other showed a bright, rounded object speeding past a military aircraft's window. Bray said that sighting remains unexplained.
Last year’s report on UAPs described sightings of unexplained objects that appeared to show speed and movements not seen in existing flying technology. Such objects appeared to lack traditional propulsion or flight control systems. Propulsion is the force that moves something forward. Bray said those incidents, including one described by Navy pilots, are among the cases still considered "unresolved."
The 2021 report said more data and examinations were needed to identify whether such objects might represent new systems being developed by a foreign power such as China or Russia.
The subcommittee's top Republican, Rick Crawford, said he was in favor of the UAP investigative effort. But he added that he was “more interested" in gaining a better understanding of Chinese and Russian hypersonic weapon development.
Hypersonic is a term that relates to speeds of more than five times the speed of sound. In addition to flying at extremely high speeds, hypersonic weapons are also designed to move in ways that make them difficult to find and destroy in flight.
Crawford added: “The inability to understand objects in our sensitive operating areas is tantamount to intelligence failure that we certainly want to avoid.”
I’m Bryan Lynn.
Reuters and The Associated Press reported on this story. Bryan Lynn adapted the reports for VOA Learning English.
We want to hear from you. Write to us in the Comments section, and visit 51VOA.COM.
Words in This Story
testify – v. to say what you know or believe is true in a court of law or a congressional hearing
origins – n. the cause of something or where something comes from
aerial – adj. in or from the air, especially from an aircraft
phenomena – n. something that exists or happens, usually something unusual
determine – v. to discover the facts or truth about something
flash – v. to shine brightly and suddenly
tantamount – adj. to be almost as bad as something else | <urn:uuid:18f330c1-4f8d-4150-afc3-459a2ab8c03b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.21voa.com/VOA_Special_English/top-us-defense-officials-testify-about-unexplained-flying-objects-25159.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.974378 | 1,003 | 2.78125 | 3 |
The Dirty Dozen – Foods to Buy Organic
A new Top 12 is out, but it’s not the kind of list you want to be on. But it is one you want to pay attention to. It’s the Dirty Dozen list of foods most likely to have pesticide residue on them. Think blueberries, potatoes, bell peppers. Or basically, just list all my favorite fruits and veggies, and you’ll have the entire list.
Sending a health-conscious Popeye into a tizzy, new on the list for 2010 is spinach. Sporting up to as many as 48 different pesticides, this go-to green has become almost a leave-behind leafy. With May being National Salad Month, this was a tough one to swallow (or spit out, in this case). It’s important to make things safe and easy. Olivia’s Organics just launched (yesterday, May 3, as a matter of fact) its new single-to-go salads, one of which is a baby spinach salad with tangy ranch dressing. Complete with plastic fork, 100% recyclable package that doubles as a bowl (how easy peasy is that?), and spinach cultivated on certified organic farms exclusively in the U.S.
Here’s that list to buy organic. After all, better safe than sick.
Fruits and veggies are an essential part of a healthy diet, but many conventional varieties contain pesticide residues. And not all the pesticides used to kill bugs, grubs, or fungus on the farm washes off under the tap at home. Government tests show which fruits and vegetables, prepared typically at home, still have a pesticide residue. You can reduce your exposure to pesticides by as much as 80% if you avoiding the most contaminated foods in the grocery store. To do so, you need the latest info from the why the Environmental Working Group’s “Dirty Dozen” list of foods most likely to have high pesticide residues. Since 1995, the organization has taken the government data and identified which type of produce has the most chemicals. Read more…
The Dirty Dozen – Foods to Buy Organic A new Top 12 is out, but it’s not the kind of list you want to be on. But it is one you want to pay attention to. It’s the Dirty Dozen list of foods most likely to have pesticide residue on them. Think blueberries, potatoes, […] | <urn:uuid:bce31c0e-7fa5-4d9b-98fb-e62adbc7c8c0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.hotmomsclub.com/the-dirty-dozen-foods-to-buy-organic/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00158-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952548 | 505 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Violin , how to play piano
If you would like to learn how to play the violin then visit http://ViolinLesson...
Violin , how to play piano
If you would like to learn how to play the violin then visit http://ViolinLessons.SecretBest.com This is by far the best site for anybody interested in learning to play the violin You will be taught through video by one of the greatest violin players in the world. All from your own home on video. Your violin teacher is a violinist from the Manhattan String Quartet.
If you are looking for a complete solution to learning the violin, from start to finish, this is your answer. Just go to the web site above!
The finished Eric Lewis process is out there for beginners, intermediate and advanced gamers, too as young gamers who have never picked up the instrument prior to.
The Eric Lewis procedure is an incredibly complete answer to mastering the violin and is simple to use. About the master himself: Eric Lewis has been teaching violin privately for over 40 years and at institutions of higher studying everywhere he goes, enabling young violin competitors to forfill their violinistic dreams.
Prof. Lewis could be the planet renowned first violinist in the Manhattan String Quartet of 40 years. He has toured the entire world since the 1970's across North and South America, Europe, Russia and the far east concertizing and teaching.
The program began in 1988, whilst Prof. He accelerated the studying curve for young string participants to create concerts of Mozart, Schubert, Beethoven, and Tchaikovsky.
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Start your violin teaching company or get jobs like a violinist?
Perform the movies from the fantastic masters.
Are you a beginner who wants to understand the basics and start off playing pieces of music and your favorite songs?
You may even want to develop new talents which will permit you to hear a piece of new music and participate in it by musical memory with out song, notes or hearing the movies a lot more than once!
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It can be certainly not as well early, nor as well late to experience the violin. It's an awesome instrument, and Eric Lewis will display you exactly why. For the initial time ever, Eric Lewis on video is offered only through ViolinMasterPro.com.
How to read song, perform any piece of new music or song with just a page of written notes.
Unlike "other" teaching systems you will discover that:
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of violin either for yourself, your kids or a friend. It is the most versatile violin teaching tool accessible on the internet.
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Play Violin like a pro with a cutting edge, phase by phase approach which is uncomplicated to realize and utilize. Start amazing your household & mates immediately with incredible skills on Violin.
Learn how to experience song from memory, making use of the ViolinMasterPro ear training method, which is a lot more than uncomplicated to produce. You either have this talent or you don't. Most individuals were not born with this talent, which the greats like Ray Charles had. Only at ViolinMasterPro we make it possible to create this ... | <urn:uuid:2cbc79e3-f16e-4710-9d71-052467dc85a6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.metacafe.com/watch/4100259/the_violin_for_people_who_want_to_know_how_to_play_piano/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285289.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00144-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.944993 | 903 | 1.976563 | 2 |
by Maryann O. Keating, Ph.D.
“Tragedy of the Commons” refers to the ruin of resources, such as land, water, or the environment in general, available for use by any resident. Lacking legal ownership, commonly held resources become extinct, over-used, congested or polluted.
Such resources are considered public goods in which free-riders take personal advantage. When the stock of these resources degrades, society as whole experiences a decline in total well-being.
Garrett Hardin’s essay, “The Tragedy of the Commons,” became popular around 1968. Hardin, for example, suggested that any group grazing sheep on a common pastures has an incentive to increase the size of its personal flock. The first group to seize this opportunity could form a monopoly, accumulate wealth, and over time exhaust the grazing potential for other users (Frischmann, Marciano, and Ramello, “Tragedy of the Commons after 50 Years,” Journal of Economic Perspectives, Fall, 2019, 211-228).
Hardin recognized two solutions for this problem: government regulation or privatization. Government could limit the tragedy by directly regulating resource use. Or, it could establish a system of property rights extending private ownership to resources presently held in common. Note that both solutions rely on collective action through government to introduce constraints. Hardin argued that infringements on personal liberty is the price for avoiding universal ruin.
Around the time Hardin’s essay was published, the late Elinor Ostrom along with her husband, Vincent Ostrom, were working at Indiana University. They studied how commonly held resources in the real world do not always lead to tragic ruin. In 2009, Elinor was awarded a Nobel Prize in Economics. She challenged conventional wisdom by explaining and providing examples of how commonly held property was being successfully managed without central (federal) authority or privatization. Ostrom ruled out one of Hardin’s basic assumptions: people could not communicate and find ways to cooperate in making decisions about commonly shared resources (Frishmann, 218).
Consider local examples supporting the Ostrom hypothesis. Indiana state parks retain a unique local character and protect against depletion and congestion with adjustable user fees to deal with changing conditions. The Indiana Toll Road is under private contract, but the state retains ownership and longterm decision-making.
Consider, as well, Friends of the Pumpkinvine Nature Trail dedicated to converting an abandoned railroad corridor into a linear park and greenery. This not-for-profit group of individuals purchased the land and retain a voluntary advisory committee to assist with monitoring activities and trail maintenance. The Pumpkinvine is presently managed collaboratively by four separate park departments: Goshen, Middlebury, Elkhart County and Shipshewana.
But what about housing condominiums and other private associations lacking any government enforcement? Elinor Ostrom, following three decades of study and observation, concluded that individuals engaging in face-to-face communication can approach socially optimal usage levels in commons aside from any association with government.
Her optimism was based on the assumption that certain individuals, unlike “rational egoists,” are willing to forgo personal gain and contribute to the common good. She identified such individuals as “conditional cooperators” (Frishmann, 218-219). A “rational egoist” chooses not to trust and therefore tends not to participate in cooperative activities. A “conditional cooperator” values reciprocity, fairness and being trustworthy and therefore starts with a predisposition to cooperate.
Ostrom realized that, even if a significant proportion of “conditional cooperators” agree to the bylaws of a homeowner’s association, this does not guarantee the intended behavior. As time rolls by, residents may, for example, construct whatever type of fencing they desire and waterski day and night on an interior lake. Therefore, Ostrom offered a model agreement designed to result in favorable outcomes (“Collective Action and the Evolution of Social Norms.” Journal of Economic Perspectives, Summer 2000, 137-158).
The first design principle of Ostrom’s model is acknowledging that associations achieve a more sustainable outcome of common resources when they devise and enforce their own clear basic rules rather than those externally imposed. Second, agreed to rules, crafted to local conditions, must be designed to restrict the amount, timing and ways in which the common resource is used and to allocate benefits proportional to user fees. Third, most of the individuals affected should be able to participate in making and modifying rules. Fourth, to survive long term, the association must be able to select its own monitors for assessing resource sustainability and user behavior. The fifth and final design principle is the need to introduce graduated sanctions that depend on the seriousness and context of violators. A real threat to the continuance of any association occurs, if some participants repeatedly break rules (Ostrom, 151).
We come to realize all too well the truth of these principles through personal experience. However, this in no way diminishes the contribution of a Hoosier economist offering hope and a blueprint for circumventing the “Tragedy of the Commons”.
Maryann O. Keating, Ph.D., a resident of South Bend and an adjunct scholar of the Indiana Policy Review Foundation, is co-author of “Microeconomics for Public Managers,” Wiley/Blackwell. | <urn:uuid:8f123db8-c468-401c-9eb9-1eb53b5e4fe2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://inpolicy.org/2020/01/keating-cooperation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.931385 | 1,131 | 3.40625 | 3 |
OG-9 Homing Spider Droid or simply known as the Spider Droid were Spider droids that were used by the Confederacy of Independent Systems during the Clone Wars. They first appeared in Angry Birds Star Wars II.
Homing Spider Droids are droids with a head which looks like Foreman Pig's head covered except for their nose and moustache.
Angry Birds Star Wars series
Angry Birds Star Wars II
In Angry Birds Star Wars II, several Homing Spider Droids were chasing the Bird Side though the Bird Side later defeated them. In gameplay, Homing Spider Droids appear as enemies in the Revenge of the Pork episode. They can shoot a laser similar to Ezra's. | <urn:uuid:c23d6efc-c49f-4501-918e-b2acbd4de41b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://angrybirds.fandom.com/wiki/Homing_Spider_Droid | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.963214 | 173 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Eluana Englaro, a 37-year-old Italian woman who has been in a vegetative state for the last 17 years, died unexpectedly Monday evening in a clinic in Udine while the Italian Senate was still in session debating an emergency bill that was meant to prevent her death.
Doctors had begun suspending food and water for Englaro four days ago.
Eluana Englaro's father, Beppino Englaro, had recently won a decadelong battle through all of Italy's courts for the right to have his daughter's feeding tube removed.
An only child, she went into an irreversible coma after a car accident at age 20. Her father insists she had expressed her desire not to be kept alive artificially.
When Italian government authorities, in particular the health minister, contested the Italian supreme court decision to allow his daughter's feeding tube to be removed, Beppino Englaro took his case to the European Parliament and won.
And yet, the Italian center-right government, with strong pressure from the Catholic Church, would not let it happen and presented the president of Italy with an emergency decree prohibiting the suspension of nourishment and hydration in these cases.
President Giorgio Napolitano did not sign the decree and the government was forced to try to rush a bill through both houses of parliament.
While Italy does not allow euthanasia, patients have the right to refuse treatment. But there is no law allowing people to make a living will and thus establish their wish to receive or refuse treatment if they become incapacitated.
Beppino Englaro was able to provide courts with sufficient evidence that his daughter did not want to be kept alive artificially.
Even if the bill had passed before she died, however, it was not clear whether it would have applied to Eluana Englaro, whose case had already been decided by previous court rulings.
But the debate had already gone way beyond the person of Eluana Englaro -- she had become the symbol of a bitter political battle that divided pretty much along left and right party lines and had little to do with end-of-life issues.
If the debate in Italy was raging while she was still alive, it is seething with recriminations now that she has died.
In the Senate, at the news of Eluana Englaro's passing, Salvatore Quagliariello, a majority leader, stood up and screamed at the opposition: "She didn't die. You killed her!"
Another senator from the center-right tried to lay the blame for Eluana Englaro's death in some way at Napolitano, for not signing the decree.
"The signatures that were written and not written will weigh in this affair," he said.
Napolitano, in a statement today, urged politicians to be silent and said there was room only for "a profound participation in the pain of the family and those who were close to Eluana."
And as demonstrators protesting Eluana Englaro's death replaced the supporters of Beppino Englaro, who had been stationed outside the clinic in Udine where she died, the Catholic Church, which has had a heavy influence on the affair, reacted with dismay at Eluana Englaro's death.
"May the Lord welcome her and pardon those who brought her to this point," Cardinal Javier Lozano Barragan, the Vatican's health minister, told the ANSA News agency shortly after the news of her death.
Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi said in a statement that it was with "profound sadness" that he learned of Eluana Englaro's death "and great regret that the government's effort to save a life had been made impossible."
The strong feelings stirred up by Beppino Englaro's battle and Eluana Englaro's death went beyond politics even.
Enrico Mentana, one of Italy's more prominent news anchors, tendered his resignation when his network Canale 5, which belongs to Berlusconi, refused his request for a news special on Eluana Englaro's death. Canale 5 broadcast the "Big Brother" reality show instead.
The case of Eluana Englaro bears close similarities, both personal and political, to that of Terry Schiavo, the American woman who died in 2005 after a similar heated debate over the right to die.
Although then-President George W. Bush returned from his ranch in Texas to sign a bill allowing a review of her case, her feeding tube was not reinserted, a decision that was upheld by the Supreme Court.
Eluana Englaro's death made banner headlines in Monday's papers and dominated newscasts and talk shows in Italy; the debate and the accusations are not likely to die down soon.
Rome's right-wing mayor has announced that the Colosseum will be lit all night today in a sign of mourning for "a life that could and should have been saved."
The Colosseum has become a symbol of the fight against capital punishment and since 1999 has been lit every time a death sentence has been commuted somewhere in the world.
In all this noise, it is Beppino Englaro's silence that stands out.
"Yes, she has left us, but I have nothing to say. I just want to be left alone," he told ANSA.
There will be no funeral for Eluana Englaro, just a blessing at the family tomb. | <urn:uuid:d73567a8-d079-4bac-b0a2-5e5c7e2edc5a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://abcnews.go.com/International/story?id=6845260&page=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00512-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.981134 | 1,146 | 1.828125 | 2 |
The Minister of Environment, Climate Change and Technology, Aminath Shauna, on Monday, attended the interactive dialogue 1 entitled "Addressing Marine Pollution” at the 2022 United Nations Ocean Conference. She is in Lisbon, Portugal, as the special representative of President Ibrahim Mohamed Solih and will deliver a statement at the conference on his behalf.
Speaking at the interactive dialogue held today, Minister Shauna said that the lives and livelihoods of Maldivian people are dependent on the health of marine and coral reef systems.
She highlighted that the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan and the Strategic Action Plan 2019–2023 adopted by President Solih’s administration pledged to protect at least 10 per cent of the Maldives’ coral reefs, 20 per cent of wetlands and mangroves, and other representative reef habitats from each atoll by 2023. She added that the Maldives has already declared 79 areas as legally protected, accounting for almost 14 per cent of the Maldives’ coral reefs.
Regarding plastic pollution, Minister Shauna stated that it has risen exponentially in the last decades, amounting to approximately 400 million tonnes per year. Voicing her concerns, she cited that only nine per cent of plastic waste is recycled while the rest is disposed of in landfills and the environment, including the oceans.
"Micro-plastics have been detected in marine species and even in our blood. Vulnerable natural systems such as ours are affected by plastic pollution leading to loss of species and habitats," she said.
Minister Shauna also discussed the Maldives' contribution to combating marine plastic pollution, emphasising the ban on the import, production, and sale of 13 types of single-use plastics, as well as a renewed emphasis on alternatives, waste segregation, and promotion of recycling and waste reduction.
The Minister also expressed the Maldives’ support for strengthened multilateral action, and welcomed the fifth session of the United Nations Environment Assembly’s call to establish an intergovernmental negotiating committee to develop an international legally binding instrument on plastic pollution. | <urn:uuid:350944dd-e4e9-4712-92d1-5237f8f43aff> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://po.mv/Press/Article/26860 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571502.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811194507-20220811224507-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.935591 | 420 | 2.40625 | 2 |
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As another Lame Cherry exclusive in matter anti matter.
I have been reading Pope John Paul's writings and was moved to write upon them as a Witness against the people of this world and the reality that those casting the first stones never see the logs in their own eyes.
This starts out with John Paul II effectively stating this case:
"Poverty is driving masses of people to the edges of society, or even worse, to extinction. For many people, war has become a harsh everyday reality. Societies interested only in material and ephemeral goods are tending to marginalize those who are not useful to their purposes.
Faced with situations like these, involving real human tragedies, some prefer simply to close their eyes, taking refuge in indifference. Theirs is the attitude of Cain: "Am I my brother's keeper"" But we have the duty to remind everyone of God's severe admonishment: "What have you done? Listen; your brother's blood is crying out to me from the ground!"
The Lame Cherry is stolen from all the time. I hear the code phrases I implant in this blog voiced from the lips of multi millionaires constantly. This blog is moving the entire global conversation and yet with all of these rich and powerful people, crossing to the other side of the road as I lay here beaten and abused, "Where is my Good Samaritan in those millionaires and billionaries?"
John Paul II makes this statement to all:
"How can we not open our ears and our hearts to start to make available those loaves and fishes that God has put into our hands?"
The former Pope exhorts the wealthy with these lines:
" For each of us, moderation and simplicity out to become the criteria of our daily lives. The quantity of goods consumed by a tiny fraction of the world population produces a demand greater than available resources, A reduction of this demand constitutes a first step in alleviating poverty, provided that it is accompanied by the effective measures to guarantee a fair distribution of the world's wealth."
This is where the Road to Jericho becomes the blasphemy of another rich man in John Paul II. For in the parable of Christ, the Good Samaritan was not off passing laws to confiscate things from Jews in order to distribute them to the poor. No, the Good Samaritan did this all on his own, with his own money, own goods and own time.
The first world nations obtained their wealth, by working for it. They produced their food to export, their factories to export goods and their militaries to inflict their will on others who were less productive. Americans for example created a space age for Muslim peoples from their camel tent age. It is not up to the first world to distribute money inside Muslim lands, no more than to feel guilty for being paid for their efficient work.
This then comes to the reality of Pope John Paul II, a man exhorting rich nations and peoples to help the poor, but the Vatican nation has almost a trillion dollars in Rothschild banks, and has over a trillion dollars in one of a kind manuscripts and properties doing no one any good. Yet the Pope talk is cheap, as John Paul never converted those immense finances to change people's lives from American poor to African poor to Asian poor to the good.
This John Paul II exhortation against the rich hits home for this Christian without a home. As the former Pope states that people have the right to a home which has been denied to me.
"Ensuring a suitable habitat for everyone is demanded by the respect owed to every human being and, therefore, is a measure of civilization, and the condition of a peaceful, fraternal society. By virtue of our human dignity, every person must be guaranteed a lodging that offers not only physical shelter; but also a suitable place for satisfying their social, cultural and spiritual needs."
Again as the replacement Pope, Pater Pope Francis, assisted German leader Angela Merkel to be re installed to Germany, and then exhorted all Catholics to take in Muslim invaders, to the great harm of German hamlets, and we can note that not one Muslim invader from Africa or Asia, has found a home in the Vatican State.
My experience has been in like manner on this Road to Jericho in my clergy, informed me that he could not be our pastor unless he gave us Communion, which the Bible does not teach, and this same clergy has the family on his board of directors and filling his pews who denied me a home to live in which was my Great Grandfathers, that they are allowing to rot to the ground, and this clergy told us to find another Lutheran church to attend, instead of dealing with his wealth patrons.
I keep hoping in an illusion that God is going to move some wealthy person to break their condemnation by being a Good Samaritan. It just seems the odds are according to Jesus that on the Road to Jericho each of us is going to have at least one good person with humanity not drown by the gold in their hearts.
The Road to Jericho. | <urn:uuid:bdafaa8e-cc5b-436c-9c67-c95a3e3a457a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://lamecherry.blogspot.com/2015/11/the-road-to-jericho.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280763.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00511-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974375 | 1,027 | 1.539063 | 2 |
What’s in a cable? No, really…What is in a guitar cable? Most all guitar cables look the same. They have ¼” jacks on either end, some kind of stress relief for an inch or so off the jack, and 15 to 20 feet of cable in between. Hosa’s Elite series in somewhat based off of the old mother’s adage, “It what’s inside that counts.”
Not that the Elite series is any kind of ugly duckling. In fact, it looks quite dapper…as far as guitar cables go, anyway. The flexable PVC wrap on the exterior of the cable looks like black tweed with a sheen that puts one in mind of a Black Mamba or a Kevlar bullet-proof vest, and the gold plated tip and sleeve contrast nicely with the black metal casing of the Neutrik plugs. Sure…it looks nice on the outside.
On the inside…what you can’t see…is OFC: Oxygen-Free Copper. Okay, a brief moment here. Everyone knows that metal is conductive; that electricity can be carried through it. However some metal conducts better than others. Gold (hence the plating on the Elite cable’s plugs) and silver are two of the best, but a little cost prohibitive. Copper is next in line, but its value on the market is increasing all the time. Municipalities sometime find their street lights don’t work because they have been stripped of their copper wire!
VIDEO 1 CABLE COMPONENTS AND CONSTRUCTION
And oxygen…can add to corrosion, which would inhibit the conductivity, hence making OFC an ideal material for a cable.
On (or rather in) a Hosa Elite cable, the inner core wire is OFC surrounded with a foam Polyethylene which is then wrapped with conductive PVC directly beneath the braided OFC shielding.
Outside of that is a lubricated wrap and the exterior wrap mentioned earlier.
Obviously, impressive components went into the cable, but it wouldn’t matter to a musician unless it sounded good.
For this video review, we ran a Hosa Elite 20’ cable from my guitar into an A/B box. The A channel had a second 20’ Hosa cable plugged into it, the B channel had a 18’ cable from another company. Both inputs on the console we set exactly the same amount of gain and flat EQ.
VIDEO 2 AUDIO DEMO AND COMPARISON
Playing samples were played switching the A/B box, sometimes in the middle of a phrase to show (or really to avail, since we’re talking about listening) the difference between the cable. Remember, the difference is only between the one Hosa Elite and the other brand that are running into the mixer. One can only assume that if a different cables were used for the input into the A/B box as well as the output the differences would be even more apparent.
The Hosa Elite cable lists for $73.35. | <urn:uuid:80a5b0da-3c7b-41fb-a3e7-e53c96a0aa3e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://l2pnet.com/hosa-elite-series-cables/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.95116 | 642 | 1.695313 | 2 |
When a player receives a pass they have to act quickly, but they are not allowed to run with the ball or dribble it.
To gain control of the ball, a player can bat or bounce the ball once, but they CANNOT bat and bounce the ball, or do either more than once.
It is also against the rules to push the ball into the air before batting or bouncing it.
A player has to be standing before they throw the ball - it is illegal to chuck the ball when you're kneeling down or sprawled on the floor of the court.
Three second rule
To make sure the game stays pacy and competitive there's the three second rule.
This means players have only three seconds between catching the ball and making a pass
The player holding the ball must leave enough room for another person to move between their hands and those of the catcher.
This rule aims to cut down on short passes between team members, and effectively stops the ball being handed from one player to the next at close range.
One of the trickiest things in netball is getting your footwork right.
If a player catches the ball with only one foot on the ground then that foot is called the landing foot.
A player can then choose to step with the other foot, lift the landing foot and throw the ball before the landing foot returns to the ground.
Or they can pivot on the landing foot and move the other foot any number of times - depending on how flexible the player is!
But they are NOT allowed to move or hop on the landing foot until they have thrown the ball.
A player can also jump, switching from the landing foot to their other one, and then jump again to throw the ball.
If a player has both feet on the floor when catching the ball they will choose their landing foot and follow the rules as above.
If a player breaks the footwork rule it is usually called "stepping" and a free pass is awarded.
Each player is only allowed in certain areas of the court and if they stray out of position then they are offside - have alook at our positions guide on the right hand side.
A player can still be offside even if they don't have the ball.
Long ball tactics that work so well in basketball and football also won't get you very far in netball.
That is because the ball must be handled in each third of the court.
A player cannot throw the ball from the defensive third to the attacking third, for example.
At least two passes also have to be made before a player can have a shot on goal.
There are 14 players on a netball court, so you can occasionally expect two players to get tangled up reaching for the ball at the same time!
This is called simultaneous contact and the umpire will use a toss up to restart the game.
The two players face each other while the umpire stands in between them. The umpire then throws the ball and both players try and catch it.
You might think taller players would always win toss ups.
But the umpire throws the ball no more than two feet into the air from just below the shoulder height of the shorter player.
Toss ups also help solve incidents on the court when the umpire is unsure exactly what happened. | <urn:uuid:1ed95483-8edf-40f4-ad65-b960062c4ed3> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/netball/4296972.stm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720026.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00457-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973574 | 680 | 2.984375 | 3 |
As most cancers cells evolve, a lot of of their genes turn into overactive even though many others are turned down. These genetic changes can help tumors expand out of management and become far more intense, adapt to transforming conditions, and eventually lead the tumor to metastasize and spread elsewhere in the body.
MIT and Harvard University researchers have now mapped out an added layer of command that guides this evolution — an array of structural adjustments to “chromatin,” the blend of proteins, DNA, and RNA that can make up cells’ chromosomes. In a review of mouse lung tumors, the researchers recognized 11 chromatin states, also named epigenomic states, that most cancers cells can pass by as they turn out to be extra intense.
“This function provides a single of the to start with illustrations of using solitary-mobile epigenomic information to comprehensively characterize genes that control tumor evolution in cancer,” claims Lindsay LaFave, an MIT postdoc and the direct creator of the review.
In addition, the scientists confirmed that a crucial molecule they identified in the much more intense tumor cell states is also linked to far more sophisticated kinds of lung cancer in humans, and could be utilised as a biomarker to predict client outcomes.
Tyler Jacks, director of MIT’s Koch Institute for Integrative Most cancers Analysis, and Jason Buenrostro, an assistant professor of stem cell and regenerative biology at Harvard University, are the senior authors of the review, which appears today in Most cancers Mobile.
Though a cell’s genome has all of its genetic product, the epigenome plays a crucial purpose in identifying which of these genes will be expressed. Every cell’s genome has epigenomic modifications — proteins and chemical compounds that attach to DNA but do not change its sequence. These modifications, which fluctuate by cell sort, influence the accessibility of genes and assistance to make a lung cell different from a neuron, for instance.
Epigenomic changes are also believed to influence cancer development. In this review, the MIT/Harvard group set out to examine the epigenomic changes that happen as lung tumors establish in mice. They examined a mouse design of lung adenocarcinoma, which success from two certain genetic mutations and closely recapitulates the enhancement of human lung tumors.
Utilizing a new technologies for one-mobile epigenome assessment that Buenrostro experienced earlier designed, the researchers analyzed the epigenomic adjustments that happen as tumor cells evolve from early levels to afterwards, extra intense phases. They also examined tumor cells that experienced metastasized over and above the lungs.
This evaluation revealed 11 unique chromatin states, primarily based on the locations of epigenomic alterations and density of the chromatin. Inside of a one tumor, there could be cells from all 11 of the states, suggesting that cancer cells can follow distinct evolutionary pathways.
For every condition, the researchers also identified corresponding alterations in wherever gene regulators identified as transcription factors bind to chromosomes. When transcription things bind to the promoter area of a gene, they initiate the copying of that gene into messenger RNA, essentially managing which genes are energetic. Chromatin modifications can make gene promoters far more or considerably less obtainable to transcription things.
“If the chromatin is open, a transcription element can bind and activate a unique gene method,” LaFave suggests. “We were being trying to realize individuals transcription component networks and then what their downstream targets had been.”
As the structure of tumor cells’ chromatin altered, transcription components tended to target genes that would help the cells to eliminate their original identification as lung cells and become much less differentiated. Ultimately lots of of the cells also received the capacity to depart their unique destinations and seed new tumors.
A lot of this course of action was managed by a transcription aspect referred to as RUNX2. In extra intense cancer cells, RUNX2 encourages the transcription of genes for proteins that are secreted by cells. These proteins help rework the environment surrounding the tumor to make it much easier for most cancers cells to escape.
The researchers also uncovered that these intense, premetastatic tumor cells had been incredibly identical to tumor cells that had currently metastasized.
“That suggests that when these cells were being in the key tumor, they essentially adjusted their chromatin condition to glance like a metastatic mobile in advance of they migrated out into the setting,” LaFave suggests. “We consider they undertake an epigenetic transform in the primary tumor that will allow them to become migratory and then seed in a distal spot like the lymph nodes or the liver.”
A new biomarker
The scientists also compared the chromatin states they recognized in mouse tumor cells to chromatin states found in human lung tumors. They discovered that RUNX2 was also elevated in additional intense human tumors, suggesting that it could serve as a biomarker for predicting patient results.
“The RUNX favourable point out was quite really predictive of lousy survival in human lung most cancers patients,” LaFave claims. “We’ve also shown the inverse, exactly where we have signatures of early states, and they forecast much better prognosis for people. This indicates that you can use these one-mobile gene regulatory networks as predictive modules in people.”
RUNX could also be a probable drug target, even though it historically has been hard to design medicines that concentrate on transcription variables due to the fact they normally absence well-defined buildings that could act as drug docking web sites. The scientists are also in search of other opportunity targets amid the epigenomic improvements that they discovered in additional aggressive tumor cell states. These targets could contain proteins recognised as chromatin regulators, which are responsible for managing the chemical modifications of chromatin.
“Chromatin regulators are extra effortlessly specific simply because they have a tendency to be enzymes,” LaFave says. “We’re utilizing this framework to check out to realize what are the crucial targets that are driving these point out transitions, and then which types are therapeutically targetable.”
The study was funded by a Damon Runyon Cancer Foundation postdoctoral fellowship, the Paul G. Allen Frontiers Team, the Nationwide Institutes of Well being, and the Koch Institute Support (main) Grant from the Countrywide Cancer Institute. | <urn:uuid:7a080a3d-03f8-4e87-81e0-cc59a6cb79c8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://seoneedthis.info/gene-controlling-mechanisms-play-key-role-in-cancer-progression.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.948042 | 1,305 | 2.875 | 3 |
The Synopsys Formal group have a reputation for putting on comprehensive tutorials/workshops at DVCon and this year again they did not disappoint. The theme for the Thursday workshop was tackling complexity in control and datapath designs using formal. Ravindra Aneja, who I know from Atrenta days, kicked off the session with their main objective: to overcome common concerns raised by folks interested in formal but concerned about the extent to which it can contribute. These should sound familiar: on what types of design can I use formal, how well does it scale to large functions and what do I really save by using formal?
Ashish Darbari, CEO of Axiomise next presented on formal for SoC designs. I don’t think I can do justice to his full presentation, so I’ll just mention a few points he emphasized for scalability. First, and most obviously, apply formal to smaller functions (such as complex state machines) that are so tangled they are really hard to verify comprehensively using dynamic verification. For larger functions, he suggests using a method he calls proof-engineering; this is simply breaking down a larger problem into smaller pieces which you can prove individually and then assemble into fuller, more complete proofs on the larger system. That shouldn’t be too scary – it’s engineering 101 after all. He talks about common methods in formal to handle these, including assume-guarantee and case-splitting. Don’t worry about the jargon; the underlying concepts in these techniques are not at all complicated.
Nitin Mhaske (another Atrenta alum) next talked about using formal to verify control logic. generally considered to be the sweet spot for formal. Widely cited examples in this space include complex state controllers; Nitin use a PCIe/USB LTSSM and a 10G/40G Ethernet state controller. I would add cache coherency controllers as another good example. What all of these have in common is many states and multiple paths to those states, complex state transition conditions and difficulty in ensuring that all possibilities have been considered in verification. Nitin detailed techniques to attack verification of these systems, also how to look deeper in a design using bug-hunting to check behavior beyond what you can intuitively see.
The final section attracted me especially because the speaker (Per Bjesse of Synopsys) talked about formal verification of datapaths, a topic typically considered a no-no for formal. Synopsys have been quietly advancing their HECTOR™ technology (now under the hood in their DPV app) for several years now and seem to have some serious customer validation. These include proofs from 32-bit to 128-bit FPUs across all the standard opcodes from ADD to MULT, DIV and SQRT, many completing in minutes, others in no more than a few hours and the most complex in around 6 hours.
They have also discovered that this analysis is particularly promising for proofs in systolic arrays of multiply-accumulate (MAC) functions. Does that sound familiar? It should; these are the basis of neural net (NN) architectures. Of course proofs at this level are not going to prove that an image is correctly recognized, but they will prove that the foundation logic matches the intended implementation. This is not as trivial in many cases as it may sound; for example, it has become very common to have varying and non-standard word-widths between planes in inference NNs at the edge. I can imagine this foundational level of verification could prove quite important in the overall verification plan.
What’s under the hood? I was told that the number of proof engines is often smaller than for control proving, and includes the familiar BDD, SAT and SMT methods, though more tuned to datapath proofs. Since a good deal is automated, effort in using this technology can actually be simpler than for general formal verification; examples mentioned were integer multiply (with a result < 20 bits), AES single round and floating-point half-precision. Also, the datapath-proving algorithms work with both C and RTL, a significant convenience when verifying algorithms developed in C/C++ and obviously allowing for much faster proofs at this higher level of abstraction. My take-away? If you’re still on the fence about formal, scalability is manageable, proving in control logic already has well-established value and proving in datapath logic is now looking more practical. As for value in the overall verification task, many companies are already doing this as an adjunct to dynamic verification. They have reported that it saves them time, because their formal group can start finding bugs while the dynamic folks are still building testbenches. It adds confidence because those functions that have been proven formally are known to be solid. And it mostly replaces simulation for those functions assigned to formal proving. I say mostly because I have seen cautious verification managers still use interface assertions from formal proofs in dynamic testing. But they’re not repeating the formal testing, they just want added confidence (after all, the people who created the formal properties can make mistakes too).
You can learn more about the full range of Synopsys formal capabilities HERE.Share this post via: | <urn:uuid:b8d5bf01-d1f1-49db-b86e-c007bf773580> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://semiwiki.com/eda/synopsys/8061-managing-formal-complexity-even-into-ai/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00667.warc.gz | en | 0.95634 | 1,078 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Crowds, coughing, and closed spaces, the whole world fears catching the Coronavirus. As more and more reports emerge of people infected by COVID-19, public vicinities are taking extra precautions to prevent spreading the respiratory disease from person-to-person.
It starts with a temperature check on the forehead and then a mandatory hand cleansing with alcohol before you can enter any building. What wasn’t a circumstance of public knowledge then, a temperature higher than 36.4 won’t permit you to enter about any building. At the forefront of our new reality, security guards are wearing rubber gloves and surgical masks as they instruct the public to follow their health and safety guidelines. A single cough can earn you death stares from strangers, where they will inch as fast and far as they can. That is if they have an ounce of propriety, because some folks around the world aren’t so lucky.
One of the most affected industries by COVID-19 is the entertainment industry. Long-awaited concerts are being postponed as they put everyone’s health as the top priority. Ticket sales are going down and tours are being canceled every other day. Flights are being banned and tourists are stuck in foreign countries. How much longer will this keep going? What do we do if things get worse?
Most entertainment institutions are prepared for certain disaster risk situations, but a viral epidemic isn’t one. This pandemic is something that doesn’t go away after one day and there’s no way for things to continue as ‘business as usual’ until it’s contained. That means companies that hold concerts, games, museums, festivals, and the like, are all in new territory, making the future of their businesses uncertain.
The most recent music festival postponed was Wanderland; the yearly music and arts festival in the Philippines. One by one, international artists announce that their appearances were canceled because of travel restrictions. Fans have been requesting for Wanderland to be pushed to a later date, until finally, three days before Wanderland’s event, it was officially announced that “in compliance with the directive of the City Government of Muntinlupa” Wanderland will reschedule the festival due to “the recent advisory of the World Health Organization (WHO) upgrading the risk assessment of COVID-19.”
The stage set-ups were already in the works and some of the international artists were already in the plane to the Philippines. While it may seem trivial, these aren’t just entertaining, because it is an economical convergence for those working behind the scenes who have toiled to get this set up. It’s like time and money invested are considered before deciding to forego. Which begs the question: Will the artists that already flew to the Metro for the show be paid? What about the companies that created the enormous stage set-ups? Do these companies have insurance for infectious diseases?
The entertainment industry relies on ticket sales for income. So the loss from cancelled tours have undoubtedly affected the employees and staff members that work for these companies because of this uncertainty. When is the earliest the music scene goes to normal? Even local productions are taking precautions, especially with the rising cases in the Philippines. This isn’t to make anyone scared, but just to keep the virus at bay. Yet, despite of the fear of catching the virus, people are still willing to attend shows and even buy plane tickets to other countries.
Millennial jokes and memes have emerged, bringing light to the situation with words half-true, while some try to make disease prevention seem more fun than it is. Schools are being suspended, buildings and malls where COVID-19 cases were confirmed are now like ghost towns. People are afraid, but not afraid enough to change their lifestyle.
The media: “CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC IS GETTING WORSE EVERYONE PLS WASH UR HANDS AND QUARANTINE URSELVES DON’T MOVE WE’RE GETTING CLOSER TO THE END“
Millennials on our way to the airport cuz flight prices dropped: pic.twitter.com/WKtfnWEwJW
— air (@ayoair) March 6, 2020
As much as it’s tempting to take advantage of this situation, and as much as you may think your immune system is strong, please stay put. Take this time to self-quarantine, this is how you help your country contain the virus.
What do we do in the meantime? Will filmed concerts be a thing? Do we just look back at clips of our favorite acts online? Do we listen to Spotify non-stop until we’re in the clear?
It may not look too good now, but if anything can fashion a silver lining, it is the music industry. | <urn:uuid:cb2c2aa3-6d87-4975-b16d-8ef4d5c21280> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mega.onemega.com/cancelled-concerts-covid-19-music-scene/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571719.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812140019-20220812170019-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.961879 | 1,014 | 1.828125 | 2 |
First Published: The Call, Vol. 3, No. 4, January 1975.
Transcription, Editing and Markup: Paul Saba
Copyright: This work is in the Public Domain under the Creative Commons Common Deed. You can freely copy, distribute and display this work; as well as make derivative and commercial works. Please credit the Encyclopedia of Anti-Revisionism On-Line as your source, include the url to this work, and note any of the transcribers, editors & proofreaders above.
One of the guiding principles of the October League has always been its support for the right of self-determination for all oppressed nations.
In its founding statement of political unity, the OL states: “The U.S. is a multi-national state. That is, within the borders of the U.S. there exist several oppressed nations and national minorities. It is the resolute duty of the proletariat to support and unite with the struggles of these nations and national minorities, to resolutely uphold in practice the right of all oppressed nations to self-determination (including the right to secede and establish its own independent state), and to defend all other democratic rights.”
The term, “the right to self-determination” has been used by different groups and individuals to mean many different things, often spreading confusion about this revolutionary principle. “Self-determination” has been used by the revisionists in the Communist Party U.S.A. for example, to mean everything from certain groups “doing their own thing” to Black people getting liberal politicians elected.
What is the real view of communists on the right of self-determination? How is the right of self-determination carried out in practice? This article will attempt to examine these questions.
The right of self-determination has always been put forth by communists in a very concrete way in the interests of building unity among the working people of different nations as well as between the working class as a whole and the movements for national liberation. To understand its full meaning, we must first look at the historical development of nations as we know them today.
Nations in the modern sense, developed with the rise of capitalism and its victory over feudalism. With capitalism came commodity production and the need of the capitalists to capture the home market. In order to carry out commodity production in place of the outmoded, backward feudal production, the old organization of society into feudal kingdoms had to be broken up and replaced with politically united, independent territories, whose people spoke the same language. Without a common language, no extensive commerce on the massive scale necessary for large-scale commodity production would be possible. No broad grouping of the population into all its various classes could take place and the necessary close connection between the seller of the commodities and the market would be impossible without the organization of society into nations.
Therefore, if we want to talk scientifically about the meaning of the right of self-determination of nations, we must see it as an expression of the development of national movements trying to form themselves into independent separate states separate from alien national bodies.
As capitalism has developed and moved to its highest stage, imperialism, the nations that had developed capitalism first completely carved up and dominated the entire world. Domination of the colonies in order to plunder their raw materials and cheap labor, is a characteristic feature of the system of imperialism. As Lenin wrote: “Colonial possession alone gives the monopolies complete guarantee against ail contingencies in the struggle against competitors...” He added, “The more capitalism is developed, the more strongly the shortage of raw materials is felt, the more intense the competition and the hunt for sources of raw materials throughout the whole world, the more desperate the struggle for the acquisition of colonies.” (Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism)
By the time World War I took place, the entire world had been divided between a handful of big imperialist powers on the one hand and the great masses of people in the oppressed nations on the other. War became the only way for imperialism to redivide the world among the great powers. Imperialism brought about a change in the national question and a change in the meaning of the right of self-determination.
Whereas previously, the national question primarily involved the formation of newly developing capitalist nations in place of the old feudal forms of organization, under imperialism, the national question developed into a question of liberating the oppressed peoples in the colonies from the yoke of imperialism. From simply being a particular and internal question of inequality within each country, the national question became a world problem and a worldwide struggle linked to the rise of socialism and socialist revolution, rather than capitalism.
As J.V. Stalin wrote: “Leninism broadened the conception of self-determination, interpreting it as the right of the oppressed peoples of the dependent countries and colonies to complete secession, as the right of nations to independent existence as states.” (Foundations of Leninism)
In viewing the national question within the borders of the U.S. and particularly the struggle against national oppression of the Afro-American, Chicano, Puerto Rican, Asian-American, Native American Indian and other peoples in its various forms, it is important to see that these struggles are all component parts of the world-wide struggle against imperialism and colonialism. Some of these questions, for example the Afro-American question, are examples of oppressed nations right within the borders of the U.S. Others, including the Puerto Rican question and Afro-Americans outside the deep South, are questions of oppressed national minorities. The Indian question is a special national question due to the fact thai the Native American peoples developed as peoples, before the rise of capitalism, into pre-national forms. But all these questions are a part of the general national and colonial question in the world and are questions of anti-imperialist and anti-colonialist struggle. In his “Preliminary Draft Thesis on the National and Colonial Question” Lenin listed the question of the “Negroes in America” along with the other major national liberation struggles in the world, as part of the National and Colonial Questions.
By upholding the right of self-determination for the Afro-American and other oppressed nations, we are not necessarily advocating separation of these nations from the oppressor nation. While defending the RIGHT of these nations to separate and form their own independent political states, we at the same time examine each case in particular to find the solution to the national question that will link it most closely with the overall struggle for socialism. As Lenin said: “The right of nations to self-determination implies exclusively the right to independence in the political sense, the right to free political separation from the oppressor nation. Specifically, this demand for political democracy implies complete freedom to agitate for secession and for a referendum on secession by the seceding nation. This demand therefore, is not the equivalent of a demand for separation, fragmentation and the formation of small states.”
Lenin also pointed out that the demand for the right of self-determination “implies only a consistent expression of struggle against all national oppression.” (The Socialist Revolution and the Right of Nations to Self-Determination) In each case, he explained, the question of secession vs. federation would have to be dealt with on the basis of which choice would unite the working class and further the cause of socialism, which in the final analysis is the only system that can fully emancipate the oppressed nations.
He compared the right of self-determination with the right of divorce, showing that equality in marriage necessitated the right of divorce, while equality among nations necessitated the right of self-determination. “To accuse those who support freedom of self-determination, i.e., freedom to secede, of encouraging separatism,” Lenin said, “is as foolish and hypocritical as accusing those who advocate freedom of divorce of encouraging the destruction of family ties.” (The Right of Nations to Self-Determination)
With the development of the U.S. into an advanced capitalist (imperialist) country and the conclusion of the bourgeois-democratic revolution, the emancipation of the oppressed nations and nationalities within the borders of the U.S. became completely bound up with the working class struggle for socialism. Despite the illusions being spread by the revisionists of the CPUSA and various petty bourgeois ’nationalists, that national oppression can be ended under capitalism, the truth is that capitalism is the basis for national oppression. As Mao Tsetung wrote: ”The evil system of colonialism and imperialism arose and throve with the enslavement of Negroes and the trade in Negroes, and it will surely come to its end with the complete emancipation of the Black people.” (Statement in Support of Afro-Americans in Their Just Struggle Against Racial Discrimination by U.S. Imperialism)
The concrete question of secession or federation of an oppressed nation can only be examined in the context of which will push the class struggle for socialism forward. Sometimes a national movement within a country can objectively hinder or weaken the overall revolutionary struggle, or be used by reactionaries to break the unity of the revolutionary movement. In such cases, the working class and its leadership is under no obligation to support such a separatist movement. Speaking of such a possibility, Lenin said: “The several demands of democracy, including self-determination are not an absolute, but only a small part of the general-democratic (now: general socialist) world movement. In individual concrete cases, the part may contradict the whole; if so, it must be rejected. It is possible that the republican movement in one country may be merely an instrument of the clerical or financial-monarchist intrigues of other countries; if so, we must not support this particular, concrete movement...” (Discussion of Self-Determination Summed Up) Lenin pointed out however, that even with this possibility, it would be “ridiculous to delete the demand” for self-determination from the party’s program. An example of a national movement being used by the imperialists for their own gains was the Bangla Desh secessionist movement which was inspired by the Soviet social-imperialists and the Indian expansionists in order to dismember Pakistan, further oppress the Bengali people and surround China. It is for these reasons that communists around the world refused to support such a movement.
Whether or not the people of the oppressed nation favor secession or federation at any given period, it is still the duty of the working class of the oppressor nation to raise the slogan of the right of self-determination. This serves as a guarantee to the oppressed nation that the working class will not take the same chauvinist stand as the capitalists and it furthers the cause of anti-imperialist unity. Lenin pointed out that: “It is our right and duty to treat every Social-Democrat (Communist – ed.) of an oppressor nation who fails to conduct such propaganda as a scoundrel and an imperialist. This is an absolute demand, even where the chance of secession being possible and ’practicable’ before the introduction of socialism is only one in a thousand.” (The Discussion of Self-Determination Summed Up)
The right of self-determination can not be put off until “after socialism.” This view of “waiting for socialism” is put forth by the Trotskyites of various stripes in order to liquidate the national question. The right of self-determination is raised now in order to build unity and to rally the people in the liberation struggle. The movement against national oppression is the closest ally of the working class and objectively is directed against imperialism. By consistently upholding the right of self-determination in practice, the working class shows the people of the oppressed nation that its program of struggle NOW and under socialism starts with the fight for an end to all national oppression.
Of course socialism is the only system that creates the conditions for an end to national oppression but socialist revolution alone is no guarantee that this oppression will end. Rather, power in the hands of the working class means, only that no class can profit from national oppression and that the basic conditions for that oppression are being eliminated. Lenin said that, “Just because the proletariat has carried but a social revolution it will not become holy and immune from errors and weaknesses. But it will be inevitably led to realize this truth by possible errors (and selfish interest–attempts to saddle others).” Lenin further pointed out that nationalism of the oppressed nation will not immediately disappear either. He said: “National antipathies will not disappear so quickly: the hatred–and perfectly legitimate hatred–of an oppressed nation for its oppressor will last for a while; it will evaporate only after the victory of socialism and after the final establishment of completely democratic relations between nations. If we are to be faithful to socialism, we must even now educate the masses in the spirit of internationalism, which is impossible in the oppressor nations without advocating freedom of secession for oppressed nations.” (Discussion of Self-Determination Summed Up)
While upholding the right of self-determination and the right of an oppressed nation to secede (separate^ and establish its own government in its historic homeland, we must also deal with the question of the people of the oppressed nation who have been dispersed from their homeland and scattered through the oppressor nation. An example of this dispersal can be seen with the history of the Afro-American people of whom millions were forced off the land and driven into the industrial centers of the U.S. Outside the Black Belt South, their area of historic development as a nation, these Afro-Americans constitute an oppressed national minority along with many others. Concentrated in ghettoes and barrios, these oppressed national minorities are the victims of intense discrimination and sometimes even worse national oppression than those members of the oppressed nations remaining in the Black Belt, Mexico or Puerto Rico. Here some form of autonomy and self-rule must be fought for as well as an overall struggle for full democratic rights as part of the general class demands of the working class.
The fight for the right of self-determination is closely linked to the struggle for democratic rights in general. While the fight for democratic rights is for equality and democratization of society in general, the right of self-determination is the crowning point of that struggle and the highest expression of democracy between nations. Whereas the struggle for democratic rights is basically a fight for reforms, the struggle for self-determination is one that cannot be won without the revolutionary winning of state power. In raising the demand for democratic rights, for example the right of Black students to attend integrated schools in Boston, we also link this demand to the right of self-determination in order to show that the roots of national oppression in Boston lie in the oppression of the Afro-American people as a nation, with full rights to self-determination in the Black Belt. We link this struggle in much the same way that the economic struggle of the workers must be linked to the fight for socialism. In this sense, the right of self-determination is the highest form of democratic rights of an oppressed nation. Stalin pointed out: “But the persons constituting a nation do not always live in one compact mass; they are frequently divided into groups, and in that form are interspersed among alien national organisms. It is capitalism which drives them into various regions and cities in search of a livelihood. But when they enter foreign national territories and there form minorities these groups are made to suffer by the local national majorities in the way of restrictions on their language, schools, etc. Hence national conflicts.” (Marxism and the National Question)
At the time Stalin wrote these words, there were some, like the Jewish Bundists who were putting forth the idea of “cultural autonomy” or the cultural separation of the different nationalities in separate schools, social organizations, and political parties, etc. Stalin pointed out that in such cases as this, some form of regional autonomy, based on territory must be carried out as well as the general fight for democratic rights in all spheres of society. At times when self-determination is not applicable (i.e. where full national development never took place) or where the people of the oppressed nation reject secession, regional autonomy can be implemented as the basis to bring about unity and equality.
To show the difference between cultural autonomy and regional autonomy, Stalin said, “The advantage of regional autonomy consists, first of all, in the fact that it does not deal with a fiction bereft of territory, but with a definite population inhabiting a definite territory. Next it does not strengthen national barriers; on the contrary, it breaks down these barriers and unites the population in such a manner as to open the way for division of a different kind, division according to classes.”
In the People’s Republic of China such a program has been instituted and the more than 50 formerly oppressed nationalities (some numbering less than 1,000 people) all received some form of regional autonomy. While remaining part of the People’s Republic of China, they have the power of local self-government and the development of their national language, culture and schools in these areas. In the U.S. this is one part of the communist program on the national question and the right of self-determination. In areas like Harlem, South Side of Chicago, Watts, etc.. Afro-Americans must have some form of regional, district or community autonomy. This also applies to other nationalities facing similar conditions of oppression, for example, Native Americans.
In conclusion, the right of self-determination is a basic component part of the communist program of the October League on the national question. It must also become a component part of the program of the new communist party when it is formed. We cannot accept those who call for ”unity” in a new party, but who refuse to uphold in practice, the right of self-determination of Afro-American people and all other oppressed nations.
The right of self-determination, while not an abstract call for separation of nations or the breaking up of big countries into small ones, is put forth as a guarantee of democracy and political power for the long oppressed peoples of the oppressed nations and national minorities. When raised by the workers of the oppressor nation, it represents an act of solidarity with the national liberation movements and a sign that they have made a clean break with their own capitalist class. When raised by the people of the oppressed nation, it serves as a rallying cry for revolution against imperialism and its reactionary policies.
The right of self-determination must be applied to the concrete conditions in each country with the unity of the class struggle and the fight against imperialism and the need for working-class leadership in the forefront. It is only on these revolutionary Marxist-Leninist principles that a genuine multi-national communist party can be built and that the alliance between the workers’ movement and the national liberation struggles can be firmly cemented.
SELF-DETERMINATION FOR ALL OPPRESSED NATIONS!
WORKERS AND OPPRESSED NATIONS UNITE! | <urn:uuid:20429b40-c5ff-437b-90ab-fddc3f91ac3a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.marxists.org/history/erol/ncm-3/ol-self-det.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00237-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955727 | 3,957 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Computer simulations at the atomic scale play a fundamental and ever-increasing role in molecular biology, chemistry, and condensed-matter physics. However, accurate simulation techniques typically have a large computational cost, which strongly reduces their scope in the study of rare events like, e.g., protein folding, drug binding, chemical reactions, and phase transitions. To enlarge the timescales which can be investigated by atomistic simulations, several powerful enhanced-sampling and free-energy calculation methods have been developed in recent years. Different approaches have been implemented on a variety of existing computer simulation codes, and it often occurs that a given technique is re-implemented multiple times in the same program by different researchers.
PLUMED (see http://www.plumed-code.org) is a freely-available series of routines which can be automatically interfaced with the most common molecular dynamics programs (Gromacs, Namd, Dl_poly, Amber, etc.) and which enables to perform free-energy calculations by using state-of-the-art enhanced sampling techniques, i.e. metadynamics (in all its variants), umbrella sampling, and Jarzynski method. This facilitates the comparison among different enhanced sampling techniques and permits to choose freely the simulation program most appropriate for each specific application and computer resources available. PLUMED is developed and maintained by a team of computational scientists including the developers of some of the latter techniques, and it benefits by the daily feedback from a rapidly growing community of users (>320 independent downloads as of Jan 2010). | <urn:uuid:5eecc007-e3ba-4e41-a8fe-e3d4c34ba6ff> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://sites.google.com/site/plumedtutorial2010/description | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00216-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.931234 | 313 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Leading skiwear retailer Snow+Rock is highlighting the innovative warmth technologies featured in outdoor clothing such as ski jackets and snow boots, as much of the country woke up to snow and ice this morning and forecasters predicted a month of freezing temperatures.
The Met Office this week said that it is likely to be a colder than average Christmas, and has issued warnings for ice and snow in northern parts of the UK, while Age Concern has urged elderly people in affected areas to wrap up especially warm when going outdoors.
However, technologies such as Pertex’s Endurance®, The North Face’s HyVent™ and 3M™’s Thinsulate™ mean that despite plummeting temperatures, Brits will be able to go about their everyday routines feeling warm, dry and comfortable.
Pertex Endurance® outlinings can be found in many of Rab’s down jackets, all of which are primarily designed for use in Alpine conditions. The endurance technology incorporates an ultra-thin membrane with a durable nylon face fabric. This layer is so thin that it hardly adds any weight and it works to keep water, snow and wind out while allowing sweat to pass freely from the inside.
Recommended product: Rab Men’s Neutrino Vest - £120.00
HyVent™ fabric is used by The North Face in many of its winter garments. It’s an applied PU (PolyUrethane) coating which adds durability and comfort, while also providing dependable waterproof fortification in cold and wet conditions.
Recommended product: The North Face Men’s Evolution Triclimate Jacket - £190.00
Dermizax® EV laminate fabric is used by luxury brand Kjus. It’s heavy duty, super durable and yet soft, lightweight and easy to care for. It’s also exceptionally waterproof and highly windproof. Kjus also uses PrimaLoft® One insulation in some winter jackets. It has one of the highest warmth-to-weight ratios of any synthetic insulation and is made from ultra-fine fibres which are specially treated and then combined into an insulating core that is incredibly soft, lightweight and water resistant.
Recommended product: Kjus Women’s Formula Jacket - £750.00
Gore-Tex® is a technology created by GORE and used by outdoors brands including Scott. Essentially, it’s an extremely waterproof and durable membrane which is laminated onto fabrics and used to deliver exceptional waterproofing and breathability, making it perfect for a cold and wet winter.
Recommended product: Scott Quorra GTX Jacket – £340.00
Technologies which ensure stability on icy, slippery ground are also coming to prominence more and more.
Calzat’s innovative fold out-traction system is one such example. Boots which feature the technology have a crampon system on the sole of the boots, which can be retracted or enabled with the use of a simple tool (supplied with the boots). The extra grip ensures that wearers can walk through snow and ice as safely as possible.
Recommended product: Calzat Women’s Fur Trim Traction Snow Boots - £74.99
The Yaktrax Walker traction device is another option for those who already own warm, waterproof boots. It’s designed to be easily attached an unattached to boots and features hand-wound, rust-proof coils which give the wearer 360 degrees of traction on ice and snow.
Recommended product: Yaktrax Walker Small - £14.99
For more information on the recommended products, or to view other products featuring these winter technologies, visit www.snowandrock.com.
Notes to editors: For more information & product images please contact:
Sophie Coley on 01273 760 969 or Sophie@propellernet.co.uk
Snow+Rock is the UK's no.1 ski clothing & equipment retailer with 22 stores nationwide. The snow specialist offers the widest choice of premium brands, including Kjus exclusively in the UK, and is renowned for having friendly and knowledgeable staff available to assist customers in-store. Snow+Rock also offers kit for snowboarding, hiking, climbing and travel. | <urn:uuid:d71b840f-9c97-4fdb-814f-41cc712aa74d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.realwire.com/releases/Innovative-Clothing-Technologies-To-Keep-Brits-Warm-and-Safe-During-What-Could-Be-The-Coldest-Winter-For-100-Years | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00143-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.930088 | 875 | 1.585938 | 2 |
The Bureau of Civil Defense Alert System (the Бюро Гражданской Обороны Система Оповещения or Bjuro Grazhdanskoj Oborony Sistema Opoveshhenija in Russian, with the acronym BGOSO) is the Russian equivalent to the American Emergency Broadcast Alert Service. Created in 1967, the BGOSO is designed to warn of terrorist attack, natural disasters, dangers to public safety and its original purpose, nuclear war.
Unlike the American EBAS, the BGOSO is designed as a standalone channel. Normally, it operates as a news network, though with all stories that are played merely from other networks. Only studio segments are NBS produced. In a time of emergency, all channels are required to switch to BGOSO, and news networks required to cooperate and provide information to BGOSO to broadcast. A full time staff is on hand at the NBS main studio in Moscow and secondary studios in St. Petersburg, Volgograd and Vladivostok in case of an emergency, while other cities and districts have a designated channel to use, namely those of the private-state network Pravda.
The NBS is part of the Bureau of Civil Defense, hence the name of the system, with two officers from the Ministry of Defense to serve as liaisons with the military in case of war. | <urn:uuid:71cbbec8-0638-4285-ba42-2282b6870c58> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://althistory.wikia.com/wiki/BGOSO_(French_Trafalgar,_British_Waterloo) | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00281-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.923322 | 314 | 2.15625 | 2 |
China's premier has called for joint efforts to restore global economic confidence following the shock of Britain's vote to leave the European Union.
Last Thursday's referendum "has had an obvious impact on international financial markets. We are seeing increasing uncertainties in the world economy," said Li Keqiang, speaking at the World Economic Forum in the eastern city of Tianjin.
The unusually direct comments by China's top economic official reflected the scale of official concern about the impact from turmoil in the 28-nation European Union, the country's top trading partner.
"Under such circumstances, we need to jointly handle challenges, strengthen confidence and create a stable international environment," Li told an audience of Chinese and foreign businesspeople. He gave no details of possible joint initiatives.
Li said Beijing wants to see a "united and stable" European Union and a "stable and prosperous" United Kingdom - a possible reference to concern the vote might inspire separatist sentiment in other EU nations or portions of Britain.
Chinese leaders had taken the unusual step of publicly urging Britons to stay in the EU ahead of the vote.
During a visit by President Xi Jinping to London in October, the Chinese foreign ministry issued a statement that called Britain "an important member of the EU" and expressed hope it would play a role in promoting Chinese-EU ties.
The ruling Communist Party is in the midst of a marathon effort to reduce reliance on exports and nurture more self-sustaining growth based on domestic consumption. But those plans call for holding exports steady to protect employment.
China also is a big and growing investor in Britain. Chinese companies have acquired the makers of MG autos, London taxi cabs and Weetabix breakfast cereal. Its sovereign wealth fund owns a stake in London's Heathrow Airport.
London is the second-largest centre outside mainland China for settling transactions in the Chinese currency, the yuan. | <urn:uuid:4ebd8fd1-3860-4766-9497-5fe175e6013f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://finance.nine.com.au/business-news/china-calls-for-united-eu-after-brexit/09a53da8-c26f-40f7-903d-efaf64412af8 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00467.warc.gz | en | 0.941871 | 378 | 1.757813 | 2 |
Catholic Recipe: Date and Nut Bread
Remembering St. Paul the Hermit's desert date palm and the bread the raven brought him, it might be fitting to bake a loaf of date and nut bread on his feast day, January 15.
Mix first 4 ingredients with fork. Add shortening and water. Let stand 20 minutes. Beat eggs with fork. Add flavoring, sugar, and flour, beating with fork. Add date mixture, mixing just to blend. Pour into greased 9 x 5 x 3-inch loaf pan. Bake at 350° for approximately 1 hour, or until done. Cool in pan 10 minutes. Remove to rack. Do not slice until following day.Recipe Source: Cook's Blessings, The by Demetria Taylor, Random House, New York, 1965 | <urn:uuid:97adfa3d-a073-4b65-8de0-a299d5cad298> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.catholicculture.org/culture/liturgicalyear/recipes/view.cfm?id=300 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00502-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.922348 | 161 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Dante Gabriel Rossetti is described as an English poet, illustrator, painter, and translator, and member of the Rossetti family. The last phrase “member of the Rossetti family” ignited my curiosity. I knew that his father, Gabrielle Rossetti was a poet and scholar and that his siblings were notable for their creativity: Christina Rossetti (Poet), MariaContinue reading “#FridayPainting: Dante Gabriel Rossetti “Joan of Arc Kisses the Sword of Liberation””
There were three at the first meeting held in the home of John Millais’s parents in 1848: John Everett Millais, Dante Gabriel Rossetti and William Holman Hunt. Humble beginnings for the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood that would soon expand to include other kindred spirits who shared their intent on transforming the art world. The Brotherhood had fourContinue reading “Pre-Raphaelites & the Annunciation”
“Places that are empty of you are empty of life.” Dante Gabriel Rossetti (May 12, 1828 – April 9, 1882) Happy Birthday!
“Tread softly! All the earth is holy ground.” Christina Rossetti Every Christmas, I listen to In the Bleak Mid-Winter, never realizing the connection to Art Nouveau and the Pre-Raphaelites. That is, until recently. Dante Rossetti’s kid sister, Christina, wrote the poem which was set as a Christmas carol by Gustav Holst and then by HaroldContinue reading “Dante’s Kid Sister – Christina” | <urn:uuid:3478b6c4-8bbe-4598-b9da-c6a899c57c51> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://chasingart.com/tag/dante-gabriel-rossetti/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.961694 | 335 | 2.65625 | 3 |
from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License
- adv. In an everlasting manner; so as to be everlasting.
from the GNU version of the Collaborative International Dictionary of English
- adv. In an everlasting manner.
from The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- Eternally; perpetually; forever.
- For all time, or for an indefinitely long time; permanently; continuously; incessantly: often used hyperbolically: as, you are everlastingly grumbling.
- Beyond limitation or bounds; excessively; immoderately: as, he is everlastingly stingy.
from WordNet 3.0 Copyright 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
- adv. for a limitless time
Sorry, no etymologies found.
But there was no Meringe, no Biddy and Terrence and Michael on the beach; no Mister Haggin and Derby and Bob; no beach: no land with the palm-trees near and the mountains afar off everlastingly lifting their green peaks into the sky.
They set out to everlastingly eat up some proposition but at the first sign of trouble they turn tail and stampede for the brush.
She discovered a will of her own and wishes of her own that were not everlastingly entwined with the will and the wishes of Daisy.
Not yet! he kept saying although we told him the mop water was no longer picking up thrown-off stain, and the floor was everlastingly dull and dusty.
This does not mean we should everlastingly be working in our gardens.
Oh, if TEH ZITARIANS destroy the military by infecting them with TEH HOMO VIRUS either through unleashing TEH GAY ZOMBIES on them or TEH GAY ANIMALS or through TEH REPEAL OF DADT, then it will be everlastingly more satisfying because we can always destroy marriage afterwards … I applaud Storm (ALTHOUGH he is confusing pedophilia with TEH HOMO) and mosswright for seeing TEH DANGER but they are TOO LATE …
Washington closed with an invocation: "May the father of all mercies scatter light and not darkness in our paths, and make us all in our several vocations useful here, and in his own due time and way everlastingly happy."
"I'm some big Indian myself, an 'I'll be everlastingly jiggerooed if I put up for a wigwam I can't be boss of."
It is a desire to hold to the good everlastingly, and to merge with it.
I'd toss for pennies on the front steps of the New Jerusalem or set up a faro layout just outside the Pearly Gates; but I'll be everlastingly damned if I'll gamble on love. | <urn:uuid:29f06c1c-da88-4c7b-90de-f1f72feea935> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.wordnik.com/words/everlastingly | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00452-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.916918 | 596 | 1.835938 | 2 |
Registered: 1 week, 3 days ago
Demolition and Site Clearance
A site clearance project includes the machinery removal from a cleared site and the leveling and preparation of land for building or landscaping. Some materials such as the soil, stones and bricks will be recycled and reused within the new development on the site. Others that can not be reused akin to vegetation are removed from site.
So Why Is Site Clearance Planning Essential?
1. Proper site clearance planning will make sure that the safety of workers and other folks in and across the site is assured. Exit routes and the supervision processes need to be made well in advance. An knowledgeable and his foreman ought to supervise the machinery removal process in any respect times.
2. Throughout site clearance planning, the character of debris and the extent and nature of contamination is established. Importance of the targeted site to the surrounding community will determine the level of safety precautionary measures to be undertaken earlier than the project is undertaken and likewise the decontamination that can take place as a way to assure the residents that everything is safe and the site is ready for development.
3. The time to be taken for site clearance can be estimated and this is vital when making use of for clearance from the native community. Clearance is important especially if the project is going to render some public roads impassable or could intervene with some utilities like clean water provide, electricality provide and sewerage disposal. The surrounding community is generally more accommodating when the project is estimated to take a shorter time.
4. Ensures restoration of the realm amenities like water and electricality are managed effectively.
5. It is essential for safe machinery removal and specialised handling of any waste that is contaminated. Showing competency in your ability to properly get rid of waste and decontamination procedures will guarantee the public and stakeholders of the usability of the land reclaimed.
6. Planning also enables you to take into consideration any legal procedures required in the disposal of debris. If the legal requirements are ignored or are unknown or usually are not adopted, the whole project could find yourself being delayed and even stopped. When the debris disposal plan has been made, it might be approved by the required creatorities.
7. By planning site clearance, you identify the amount of work involved so that you can organize what must be completed first. The site clearance is then undertaken in phases the place when one part of the site is cleared the particles is cleared to a different location the place further sorting of the debris is undertaken to determine what is usable and what's to be disposed.
8. All equipment and machines for machinery removal of debris to be used within the project is established; land reclamation machinery and vehicles for use in debris relocation is recognized and placed on the ready to minimize undue delays. Debris should be quickly removed from the site in order to not endanger the workers or another individuals on the site.
9. The prices involved in the project will be estimated with proper planning. This is essential for citation functions where a site clearance contractor will be able to determine how much to cost the client. Costs are established by looking at the nature of particles, amount of labor required, type of machinery to be used and estimated time the project will take as well as general difficulty of the job.
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Superior preconstruction services
Our in-house use of BIM (building information modeling) and CAD is woven into a high-touch artisan approach to the planning, revision, and installation of architectural metal and glass systems. Through our process, we offer the ability to capture existing building conditions precisely — based on typically hand-drawn field sketches — so that we can in turn provide the best possible solution (such as design of curtain wall, storefront, and window systems, historic glass proportioning, design load calculations for anchoring, panning, trims, and sealant bead design).
BIM – virtual construction meets real world coordination
At Graboyes our team uses BIM to design, develop workflows around, and manage installation of the façade of a building. During construction, we use BIM to support coordination and collaboration with the architect, general contractor, and other specialty subcontractors while coordinating installation of the various façade components such as steel, concrete/masonry, glazing systems, weatherproofing systems, and roofing.
Benefits of using BIM for the building façade
BIM allows us to discover collisions, clashes, and difficult interfaces between systems and develop solutions prior to real world construction thereby avoiding costly delays and system failures.
Our processes allow for:
- our team to provide real-time access for submittals and revisions
- design teams, architects, and engineers to approve the system
- historic commissions to approve design and appearance
- manufacturers to generate an order
- installation crew to complete the installation | <urn:uuid:34efa0dc-e98f-4a39-914e-377d7e614262> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.graboyes.com/capabilities/auto-draft/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00676.warc.gz | en | 0.895402 | 319 | 2.046875 | 2 |
While 2020 has largely been a huge crap sandwich in many ways, it’s hard to deny that it’s been a very big year for space news. We saw astronauts ascending to the ISS from American soil in an American-made rocket for the first time in nearly a decade. And when he wasn’t sending people aloft, Elon Musk was launching literally hundreds of satellites, both his own and those of commercial customers, up into space. But both NASA and the private sector have had their eyes on bigger goals. There are ongoing plans to put people back on the moon in the next few years, but Mr. Musk has his eyes set on Mars.
Can we do both? Should we? That’s the question being asked and answered by David W. Brown at the Wall Street Journal this week. Brown argues that the moon is a target that was for a previous generation of pioneers. He sees Mars as a “grander, more fitting target” for our space program. But the dream of putting people on Mars has been alternately embraced and rejected by a succession of presidents. Both George H.W. Bush and his son George W. Bush embraced Mars as a target. Bill Clinton and Barack Obama nixed the idea in favor of goals that were closer to home. Donald Trump prefers the moon as a target, but NASA still claims Mars is on the menu.
Brown argues that doing either is a huge challenge in terms of the budget so it should be one or the other. And he clearly prefers Mars. (Subscription required)
The moon’s great advantage, of course, is that it’s easier to reach and we’ve done it before. But for all the difficulties of landing on Mars and establishing a human presence there, it is clearly the superior prospect for sustainable exploration. Mars is a bona fide planet with air, ice, wind, weather and usable resources. It also has real similarities to Earth. A Mars day is just over 24 hours long. The planet, on average, is just 30 degrees colder than Antarctica. Its gravity is one-third that of Earth (versus the moon, which is about one-sixth). It has moons and its own complex geology, from the highest mountain in the solar system to a canyon network that makes the Grand Canyon seem a mere local attraction by comparison. It could be a home for people in a way that the moon never will.
The American space program has always aimed at putting people on Mars. Before the word astronaut had been coined or an agency named NASA existed, there was “Das Marsprojekt,” a work of speculative fiction written in 1948 by Wernher von Braun, who developed rocket technology for Nazi Germany before escaping to the arms of the American military. He built the rocket that would put Explorer 1, the first American satellite, in space and became the leading engineer and best-known promoter of the early U.S. space program.
While I’m a huge fan of space exploration, I’m always a bit more cautious about supporting manned missions as opposed to remote-controlled robotic efforts. While we are well-stocked with heroes willing to risk their lives in the cause of furthering science, those lives should never be wasted foolishly, and I would argue that a trip to Mars is still far beyond our capability of completing it safely and returning our astronauts back home in one piece.
Many of the things that Brown says about Mars are true. There is air there (after a fashion) and ice, weather and some resources. But that description paints an awfully rosy picture of a place that is much closer to being hell than heaven. The “air” on Mars is totally unbreathable, having no measurable levels of oxygen. And the air pressure on the surface is about six millibars. That’s barely one half of one percent of the pressure on Earth at sea level. It’s not a complete vacuum, but if you stepped out on the surface of the planet without a pressure suit and a suitable air supply, you would die of depressurization long before you died of asphyxiation. And while there are spots on Mars where the temperature gets up near 30 degrees during the day, it drops to hundreds of degrees below zero at night.
In other words, Mars isn’t really any more survivable than the moon unless you have technology keeping you alive. And if that technology fails and you are exposed to the environment there, it’s all over. The longer you stay away from the Earth and in an environment such as that, the greater the chances that your technology will eventually fail you. Even Elon Musk has admitted that the people who go on his planned excursion to Mars will almost undoubtedly never return to Earth alive.
It’s also worth keeping in mind that getting to and safely landing on the red planet isn’t exactly routine yet. Yes, we’ve had great results with quite a few rovers, but still, more than half of the missions sent to Mars have failed to stick the landing. And you only get one shot at it.
I’m all for going to Mars, but it just seems like it will have to be done in stages and the process will take far longer than some of the sunny projections we’re hearing. To do this in a smart way, robotic missions would need to land first, with plenty of supplies including oxygen, water, food, and everything else you would need to survive. A return vehicle would have to land there as well and remain operational and ready to use before the first astronauts ever leave the Earth. Even then the prospects are far from a sure thing.
I’m not saying we can’t do it. I think we can and I hope we do. But we have to be smart about it. And that’s going to take a long time and a staggering amount of money. | <urn:uuid:d634c9a2-ab3a-4e9a-be29-82560208fbf5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hotair.com/jazz-shaw/2020/12/20/mars-bust-lets-smart-n377953 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.96694 | 1,229 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Just a few weeks ago, nearly 600 doctors, nurses, and other healthcare professionals came together in Anaheim, California, to learn more about plant-based nutrition at the International Plant-Based Nutrition Healthcare Conference.
With attendees from around the world, including some who came from as far as China and South Africa, this event is a definite sign of the times.
Scott Stoll, doctor and co-founder of the conference, shares with Latest Vegan News:
Physicians are trained to treat symptoms and diseases, rather than addressing the underlying imbalances that perpetuate illness. As doctors become informed, rise up, band together, and—in the spirit of the Hippocratic Oath—demand change of the current system, the system will begin to change, ushering in real healthcare reform and a sustainable system.
The World Health Organization recently announced that processed meats cause cancer, so it should come as no surprise that the number of physicians advocating for a healthy, plant-based diet continues to grow.
Dr. Ellsworth Wareham, a 100-year-old World War II veteran and retired heart surgeon, made headlines in recent years for his longevity, which he credits to a healthy vegan diet.
Just last year, CBC News reported that a vegan cardiologist in Ontario is prescribing healthy dietary changes instead of relying on cholesterol-lowering pharmaceuticals. Dr. Shane Williams counsels his patients to eat fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, seeds, and legumes, and to leave animal products off their plates.
And according to Dr. William Roberts, a prominent cardiovascular pathologist, humans are really herbivores, and heart disease is caused by animal foods. The structure of our teeth and the length of our intestines indicate that we are designed to eat plants. Meat consumption is linked not only to heart disease, but to cancer and diabetes as well. What’s more, heart disease is virtually unheard of in cultures that follow plant-based diets.
You can take a stand for your health and the countless animals suffering on factory farms by adopting a healthy, humane plant-based diet.
Click here for delicious recipes and tips on making the transition. | <urn:uuid:b420180d-d3c0-46b3-9599-c72910b75cf1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.mercyforanimals.org/sign-of-the-times-600-doctors-attend-conference | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00139-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948075 | 438 | 2.375 | 2 |
On 1st December the Community will be running its fifth online learning event, led by Sue Marsden, on End of Life Care for people with learning disabilities.
Having worked with St Wilfrid’s Hospice, Eastbourne supporting people with learning disabilities and those around them with death and dying, Sue has significant learning to bring to this event, showcasing others who are undertaking best practice and sharing resources to help us focus on the challenges of providing care that is both person centred and adjusted.
This will be an opportunity for the Community to work together to identify a set of standards for our region and establish opportunities for developments in practice.
Please click below on the picture below to book your place
Welcome to the world of Neil Baldwin, who doesn’t recognise the labels that other people put on him. Neil’s autobiography, ‘Marvellous’ was made into a film starring Toby Jones.
Neil has been a clown, a kit man for Stoke City FC, freeman of the city of Stoke-on-Trent and, due to his voluntary work at Keele University, has an honorary degree.
The Health Creation Academic Network will be chatting with Neil and his friend Malcolm Clarke about his life and what he can teach us about how to educate students about enabling people to live life to the full; helping them to defy the expectations placed upon them by others. How can we focus on and promote abilities, skills and strengths?
To book your free place please click here
Researchers at The University of Manchester are working with Health Education England (South-East region) to look at the challenges that people with a learning disability face when they access Hearing Services (Audiology).
They want to speak to people with a learning disability who have used these services (e.g., for a hearing test or to get a hearing aid) or tried to use these services. They also want to speak to family members and/or carers if you have been involved in accessing hearing services for a person with a learning disability.
For more information please phone 07917605544 or email
Hearing research flyer
Hearing research Easy read
In August Marianne Day, Shanice Thomas and Siobhan Brennan from University of Manchester presented their practice and research knowledge on the issues of hearing and audiology in people with learning disabilities and autistic people at a Community online event – please see the film below:-
The team are now looking for people with learning disabilities and autistic people in Kent Surrey and Sussex to participate in their research study to expose the barriers to access to good hearing for these communities, and outline some recommendations for adjustments to practice to improve this situation.
If you know of anyone that might like to contribute please contact Marianne via email firstname.lastname@example.org.
Virtual Consultations in Primary/Community Care Project
We are excited to advertise for a Research Fellow (part-time) to undertake a project exploring experiences and views of people with learning disabilities, and their families of accessing and interacting with health/community care professionals using virtual consultations (phone, video and email).
This project is funded by the Applied Research Collaboration in Kent Surrey Sussex and is funded for 16 months.
We welcome applications from individuals who have previous qualitative research experience and have experience with working with people with Learning Disabilities, families and health/community professional groups.
For more details please see http://jobs.surrey.ac.uk/039821 | <urn:uuid:f559501c-e980-4a2e-aa08-0238e7696f44> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ldcop.org.uk/page/2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00079.warc.gz | en | 0.952511 | 709 | 1.90625 | 2 |
A simple reliable method to measure Residual Adsorption Capacity (RAC) of charcoal adsorbers on which a gas is physisorbed has been developed. The method consists of passing a pulse of weakly adsorbed gas(es) through the adsorption filter(s) and measuring the retention time. This retention time is then correlated to the residual adsorption capacity. In order to predict the retention time‐RAC relationship for filters with various configurations and bulk densities, this pulse test was mathematically modeled. The numerical solution of the model involved estimating the transport rate parameters, using existing correlations and the moment technique. A perturbation analysis indicated that the accuracy of the model is closely associated with the estimates of adsorption equilibrium constant and the intraparticle diffusion coefficient of the test gas. The model is shown to be accurate in predicting the RAC of an adsorber under dry and humid conditions from a limited data set. | <urn:uuid:7d94b77a-fb64-43b9-a8e3-6c3f8776dc64> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://scholars.ttu.edu/en/publications/prediction-of-residual-capacity-in-thin-adsorbers-5 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.9224 | 197 | 2.453125 | 2 |
Digital technology is changing the way we live and work. The pandemic and lockdowns has shown how much we depend on it, from remote working to online medical consultations to video calls with family and friends.
However, the pandemic has also highlighted the gap between the digital ‘haves’ and ‘have nots.’ More than 40% of Europeans have no basic digital skills and almost a quarter of homes have no broadband.
Fewer than 20% of SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises) use internet cloud services or use the internet to sell their products or services.
How are the EU recovery funds helping Europe’s digital transformation?
The transition to a digital world is a key element in the EU’s pandemic recovery plan. At the heart of the plan is the €672.5 billion Recovery and Resilience Facility will be spent on public investments and reforms.
To access the money, member states have submitted national recovery plans earmarking 20% of the money for initiatives to digitise their economies.
To make sure everyone benefits, the EU wants to see investment in ultra-fast broadband, training people in digital skills, helping start-ups and small businesses innovate and grow, and using technology to become climate-neutral.
Why is investing in the digital transition so important?
Paolo Gentiloni is the European Commissioner for Economy. He says that as in the US, the goal in Europe is to “build back better” after the pandemic and that digital concerns “all sectors of our economy.”
“You can improve through digital how the public administration works, how the healthcare system works, how companies are competitive and working. This is the strength of the investment in digital that they can have an impact on all our economy.”
The pandemic has shown how how connectivity problems exacerbated social differences, such as in learning from home for children and young people.
“This is, of course, unacceptable” says Gentiloni, stating “we have to seize the opportunity to reduce and cancel the digital divide. It’s now or never.”
Europe’s frontrunners in digitisation
Nordic countries and the Netherlands are leading the way when it comes to going digital. But even there, projects are hoping for Recovery Fund money to help their digital transition.
The UN’s ‘e-Government Survey ranked Denmark as world champion when it comes to e-government. There’s no need to leave the house with your driver’s license in your pocket, for instance, you can simply download it straight to your smartphone.
Now, other sectors of the economy are jumping onboard the digital transition.
HMK Bilcon is based in Jutland. Founded by a blacksmith in 1895, the company went from building carriages to truck trailers throughout the 20th century.
Four years ago, Peter Jensby the CEO, launched a complete overhaul of the company to go fully digital, spending two million euros to change the company.
“This transformation has meant a world of change to this workplace, and we now have a company that is profitable and it was losing a lot of money in the old days”, Jensby explains.
More companies, like HMK Bilcon, are expected to go fully digital in the coming months.
Denmark has requested 1,6 billion euros of subsidies from the European recovery plan and will be required to dedicate one-fifth of this amount to the digital transition.
This funding is also of interest to those already in the digital sector, but hoping to expand.
Sahra-Josephine Hjorth created an AI-based software to help teachers and HR managers create online learning programs. The company has quadrupled its staff in 2021 but has had difficulty finding private investors.
“In terms of investment, it can be tricky to attract regular investors for very high-risk features at the forefront of innovation”, says Hjorth. explaining that they hope to combine private investors with EU support.
Gentiloni supports countries investing Recovery Fund money in companies like Hjorth’s, saying they should not only be looking to “the world of giants, it is also a world of start-ups, midsize companies that have their role in this new digital world.”
The EU’s recovery fund will see €134.5 billion dedicated to digitisation, but will it be enough to make Europe a global leader, able to compete with the US and China?
Katrine Forsberg is a Member of the Danish Board of Business Development. She believes the EU can compete at a global level as it has sufficient infrastructure and the skills. She says what is crucial is “investments in small and mid-sized companies to create jobs and to grow the businesses”.
Our film crew was able to film in the Parc de Sceaux courtesy of the Département des Hauts-de-Seine.
Source: Euro News | <urn:uuid:eb218526-d42e-476f-b5da-c360c5e76ae2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://europenewspapers.com/politics/digital-technology-has-kept-us-connected-during-the-pandemic-how-can-it-help-europes-recovery/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.946019 | 1,052 | 2.53125 | 3 |
The way to begin anything can happen on a multitude of different emotional wavelengths. It can be stirred by excitement, and the desire to create a brand new path. It can come from a place of sorrow or resolution, a way to repair what has once felt broken. It can also be stemmed from a point of necessity. A needing to change or implement a new way of doing things. A beginning, it is just that. A start. It can be fresh, or it can be something we have done a hundred times.
i think the thing is, it must be done. Beginnings are where we were all created from. They are the point of origin from where our lives began, and thus they hold a special place in our memory and in our hearts. We all remember first kisses, first loves, first cars, the beginnings and points in which our lives make a turn, or jump into unfamiliar territory.
This blog, this first post, this place that I am finally finding myself, is a beginning that has actually been a long time coming in the way of my heart feeling a need to create, and express myself in a consolidated forum. A wanting and desire to collect my thoughts and my trials and errors in life into a written and photographic compilation of intent and love.
I have for the most part been writing all of my life, and looking at words as a form of expression. There was this thing I jumped into in high school ( which I reflect on now, and consider it to be a unique adolescent moment), it was a primitive blog culture. Back in the early 2000’s my high school scene of Fargo, North Dakota, had discovered the idea of blogging on a popular site at the time, Xanga. It would be one thing to think that maybe a few kids from my school were using it, but man, I think about it in its entirety and it really created a vast network of expression that not only included my high school, but ALL of the Fargo/Moorhead area!! It was a moment of reflection for each of us, a gushing of the days events , a tell all of what was being downloaded on Napster, what boy may or may not hold a special place in my heart because HE was listening to the Postal Service too! We were all connected behind the safety of our computers at home, or in the library computers at school…. and there was a certain air of confidence around the idea that we could say what we wanted, it was OUR page, and we could all comment and talk, without instant messenger or text, it was a way to POUR all the greasy teenage dirtbag feelings into one venue. A public forum at that, but it still felt uniquely private….as if only the people I wanted to be reading, were there consuming my innermost feelings.
WHAT BRAVERY!! I mean now, it is almost laughable that I felt that way. Give way to Facebook, and Instagram and it seems like I have been sharing myself on a cyber kinetic visual level for over half of my life. Welcome to the new cyber age, where no one actually has to run into each other anymore to know exactly what we are all up to.
I have thought to myself for quite sometime about how liberating having a blog actually was for my teenage years, and right before I like LITERALLY forgot about Xanga for the next 7 years I went ahead and PRINTED my blog off….every page, every song, every heartbroken poem, has travelled with me in master copy for over 15 years….( I pat myself of the back on the regular for this one). And let me tell you, its hilarious. Everything I wrote, everything I FELT was so intense and over the top, but I mean, what 14-16 year old isn’t feeling the world INTENSELY?!
Flash forward to today, and I’m proud to say I will begin anew. Over my years away from online published reflection, I have gone out into the woods and I have LIVED! Boy have I lived, I have experienced much more than I ever thought possible, and still it doesn’t even seem like I’ve made a dent in what I’d like to find myself involved in and exploring. I have been passionate about learning skills and studying culture and how it applies to folk art.
This blog, my current vision, is under the idea that my life is to be lived in FULL COLOR, prismatically. A space of awareness in that way that all colors in the spectrum bring about white light, pure love and radiance in my heart with everything that I am creatively connected to. My hope is that I can find myself sharing my life as a movement of color and space. The integration of things that I have learned in the way of skill, and the exploration of those skills from a place of color.
This will be a place to house projects, thoughts, feelings….with the intention of connection with word and image.
I will leave you with some photos of the most current macrame piece that I have done, photographed by my incredibly lovely friend Vanessa, who is also exploring a colorful world in the way of learning to sew with me.
Thanks for witnessing this beginning, I couldn’t be more excited to start. | <urn:uuid:64d03a5a-1623-4fe2-b1d0-c7a5bc61c74e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://prismaticpioneer.com/2016/03/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.97177 | 1,086 | 1.539063 | 2 |
NORTH NEWTON, KAN. - Bethel College student Daniel Kurt Unruh, Peabody, presented his poster entitled "Remote Control UV-Vis Spectroscopy for Secondary Schools" at the Midwest meeting of the American Chemical Society (ACS) on Oct. 21 in Manhattan, Kan. Unruh, in collaboration with Gary Histand, associate professor of chemistry, and Richard P. Zerger, professor of chemistry, used the Lab-View computer program, National Instruments interface hardware and an Ocean-Optics UV-Visible spectrometer to create a web-based series of equilibrium experiments for secondary school chemistry students. The project seeks to make inquiry-based learning experiences available for those students.
Unruh generated the Lab-View source code to operate the spectrometer, the temperature-control mechanism and the reagent pumps for the experiment. He also provided a live camera feed of the experiment.
Unruh, a junior chemistry major, is the son of Harlin and Doris Unruh of Peabody. | <urn:uuid:17cfb353-96a9-46ed-8edb-bf54f78aee50> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.bethelks.edu/news-events/news/post/3383/?amp=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279933.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00128-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.864162 | 215 | 1.6875 | 2 |
Call for Abstract
3rd World Congress on Breast Cancer, will be organized around the theme “Novel Discoveries in Breast Cancer Research & Treatment.”
Breast Cancer-2022 is comprised of keynote and speakers sessions on latest cutting edge research designed to offer comprehensive global discussions that address current issues in Breast Cancer-2022
Submit your abstract to any of the mentioned tracks.
Register now for the conference by choosing an appropriate package suitable to you.
Breast cancer starts in the breast tissue, most commonly in the cells that line the milk ducts of the breast. When cells of breast begin to grow out of control it leads to breast cancer It mainly affects women but men can get it too. Cancer that develops from breast cells is known as Breast Cancer. In females worldwide breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer. Tumor formed by these cells can be seen on an x-ray or felt as a lump. When tumor cells grow into surrounding tissues or spread to distant areas of the body it become malignant. From the different parts of breast, breast cancer can develop. But most of the time the ducts that carry milk to nipple act as site for breast cancer. It may also start from the glands that make breast milk
Breast ailment can rehash at whatever point, yet most rehashes occur in the underlying three to five years in the wake of beginning treatment. Breast threat can return as a close-by rehash in the treated chest or near the mastectomy scar or as a far away rehash somewhere else in the body. The most broadly perceived goals of rehash consolidate the lymph centre points, the bones, liver, or lung.
Every woman needs to perceive what she can do to bring down her threat of breast ailment. A bit of the parts associated with chest ailment - being a woman, your age, and your innate qualities, for example - can't be changed. Distinctive factors - being overweight, nonappearance of work out, smoking cigarettes, and eating undesirable sustenance - can be changed by settling on choices. By picking the most gainful lifestyle decisions possible, you can empower yourself and guarantee your chest malady risk is as low as could be normal in light of the current situation.
You may have had near to have an extirpation, either as a result of you’ve been diagnosed with carcinoma oared at terribly high risk of developing it within the future. If so, your doctor might have told you regarding choices to build your breast or breasts surgery known as breast reconstruction. Typically, breast reconstruction takes place throughout or shortly when extirpation, and in some cases, lumpectomy. Breast reconstruction can also be done several months or maybe years when extirpation or excision. Through out reconstruction, an operating surgeon creates a breast form victimization a synthetic implant (implant reconstruction), a flap of tissue from another place on your body (autologous reconstruction), or both.
Not all girls with carcinoma can want chemo, however there are many things during which chemo could also be recommended: After surgery (adjuvant chemotherapy): Adjuvant chemo is employed to do to kill any cancer cells that may are left behind or have unfold however cannot be seen, even on imaging tests. If these cells were allowed to grow, they might kind new tumors in alternative places within the body. Adjuvant chemo will lower the chance of carcinoma returning. Before surgery (neoadjuvant chemotherapy): Neoadjuvant chemo will be accustomed attempt to shrink the neoplasm therefore it will be removed with less in depth surgery due to this, neoadjuvant chemo is usually accustomed treat cancers that are too huge to be removed by surgery at the time of identification (called domestically advanced cancers.
Most ladies with carcinoma have some form of surgery as a part of their treatment. There are differing kinds of breast surgery, and it's going to be in hot water completely different reasons, looking on the case. for instance, surgery is also done to remove the maximum amount of the cancer as doable (breast-conserving surgery or mastectomy), find out whether the cancer has unfolded to the lymph glands below the arm (sentinel lymph gland diagnostic assay or axillary humour node dissection), restore the breast’s form when the cancer is removed (breast reconstruction), relieve symptoms of advanced cancer.
Whether a replacement medical aid or take a look at becomes a part of normal treatment for carcinoma depends for the most part on run results. For example, clinical trials showed the advantage of internal secretion therapies and trastuzumab (Herceptin) and these medication square measure currently a part of normal carcinoma treatment. Large randomized clinical trials square measure viewed because the best basis for creating treatment pointers.Clinical trials occur across the country (and round the world) in many sorts of medical centers and hospitals.
Nursing United Nations agency have data of cancer basics and area unit in an exceedingly position to frequently administer therapy and biotherapy ought to take the ONS/ONCC therapy Biotherapy Certificate Course, that provides sixteen contact hours, AN ONCC certificate of other qualification, and a supplier card. Nursing United Nations agency area unit new medical specialty, administering or about to administer therapy or biotherapy on a less-frequent basis, or caring for patients receiving therapy ought to take the therapy Biotherapy: Fundamentals of Administration Course, that provides nine.1 contact hours and a therapy supplier card.
The two most common genetic risk factors for breast cancer are the BRCA1 & BRCA2 genes. Approximately 5% of all breast cancers are caused by a recognised specific genetic predisposition due to germ line mutations of one of two different genes: BRCA1 located on Chromosome 17q, BRCA2 located on Chromosome 13q. BRCA1 mutations also predispose to carcinoma of the ovary and possibly carcinoma of the Fallopian tube. The risk of developing breast cancer among carriers is around 55% by age 70. BRCA2: The product of BRCA2 is involved in controlling gene function and DNA repair.
There are three general types of breast implant devices, defined by their filler material saline solution silicone, silicone gel and composite filler. The saline implant has an elastomer silicones shell filled with sterile saline solution during surgery the silicone implant has an elastomer silicone shell pre-filled with viscous silicone gel and the alternative composition implant featured miscellaneous fillers such as soy oil, polypropylene string etc. Saline implants, Silicone gel implants, Post-surgical recovery, Implant rupture. Breast implant emplacement is performed with five types of surgical incisions.
Immune response get trigger due to the every cancer, this is the first line of defence against the progression of any cancer. Relationship is present in between the immune system and tumour evolution in case of breast cancer as well. Variety of immune cells present in the environment of tumour which can help in arresting the progression of breast cancer. Therapies used for the treatment of breast cancer can modulate these immune cells in case of breast cancer. B lymphocytes secrete antigen-specific immunoglobulin which might be having anticancer properties. Patient who is suffering from breast cancer have increase population of B lymphocytes in the bone marrow as compare to normal person, this can be noticeable point for the treatment of breast cancer.
Breast microcalcifications are small calcium deposits in the soft tissue of the breast. Indeed, breast microcalcifications are extremely common in women and are almost always a benign (non-cancerous) breast condition. So many different factors are taken into account when deciding if a potential lesion is malignant or not. Radiologists consider breast microcalcifications as a possible very early indicator for breast cancer. However, this may or may not be the case and only histological findings will confirm the suspicion. | <urn:uuid:185dcd15-c94a-4a1e-9d64-d26e5dd46e32> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://breastcancercongress.cancersummit.org/call-for-abstracts.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.944869 | 1,636 | 2.546875 | 3 |
It's difficult to imagine life before Microsoft PowerPoint, right? I mean, how would ANYONE be able to get his/her point across to the masses without the use of slideshows, silly graphics and amazing colored boxes?
This is exactly why even Abraham Lincoln prepared his famous Gettysburg Address using PowerPoint. Don't believe it? Take a look here. | <urn:uuid:b5d4c6bb-6963-4a07-8088-1c0da08378ed> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.benwoods.com/news/best-powerpoint-presentation-ever | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00470.warc.gz | en | 0.940251 | 73 | 1.65625 | 2 |
If you’ve ever felt the hurt of shelling out $200 to fix your MacBook or repair your broken iPhone screen, then you might know how important it is to break the monopolistic hold huge corporations have on the world of consumer product maintenance, which is where the right to repair comes in.
Is Bernie Right about Repair?
Recently, Senator Bernie Sanders unveiled his plans to overhaul the agriculture sector and “Revitalize Rural America” on his 2020 presidential campaign website. While much of the text in this section is predictable and on brand for Sanders—who blames the business sector and capitalism for most problems – there is one area that stands out: his stance on the issue of the right to repair.
“In rural America today, farmers can’t even repair their own tractors or other equipment because of the greed of companies like John Deere,” the site reads. It then promises that, if elected, Sanders will “pass a national right-to-repair law that gives every farmer in America full rights over the machinery they buy.”
Sanders may be wrong on a number of issues, but when it comes to a consumer’s right to repair, he is absolutely correct. And while he may not recognize it, his stance on this issue is actually more aligned with free-market economics than it is with democratic socialism.
What Is The Right to Repair?
For anyone unfamiliar with the term, “right to repair” refers to each individual’s right to fix or alter their own purchased property without having to go directly through the manufacturer to do so. Often times, this means paying high costs or facing negative consequences—like a voided warranty—if repairs are made by a third-party or by the individual consumer themselves.
Today, many have to pay a large fee just to have their equipment digitally unlocked by John Deere before it can be fixed.
It might seem almost absurd that the “right to repair” is even an issue, especially since many of us have routinely attempted, to varying degrees of success, to fix many of our own household appliances and devices. Yet, many corporations and companies from PlayStation to Apple have erected barriers that make it harder for consumers to repair the property that belongs to them.
As Wired explains:
Increasingly, companies use a variety of tactics to block access to repair. Companies either don’t sell replacement parts, or they sell them at big markups. They don’t make repair information, such as manuals or schematics, publicly available or open-source. They manipulate the software so that if you get unauthorized repairs done, the device locks until the manufacturer unlocks it. This forces the customer to take any problem to the original manufacturers, who can charge whatever they want. This also means the manufacturing companies have all the cards to decide if, when, and how much it costs to fix something.
John Deere, who Sanders mentions specifically because of the role the company plays in the agricultural sector, has been a huge culprit of inhibiting a consumer’s right to fix what is rightfully theirs, which has caused major financial burdens for farmers.
As farming equipment has become more sophisticated and tech-reliant, it has become increasingly more difficult for farmers to perform their own repairs. Today, many have to pay a large fee just to have their equipment digitally unlocked by John Deere before it can be fixed. And if they cannot afford to pay the manufacturer’s price, they are unable to use their equipment to earn a living. However, John Deere is just one company of many utilizing this strategy.
But Wait, There’s More!
Another company inhibiting a consumer’s right to repair is Apple. Apple relies on what are called “End User License Agreements” to monopolize the repair of its products. If you’ve ever noticed that some iPhone repair establishments boast of being an “Apple Authorized Dealer,” this means a shop has had to pay a fee to Apple in order to be given the authority to repair its products, effectively monopolizing who is allowed to fix Apple products.
Unfortunately, a consumer does consent to the terms of the contract when buying a product with a manufacturer’s warranty.
This causes prices to go up for consumers who are limited as to where they can take their devices to be repaired. For those who choose to go to an unauthorized dealer, their warranties with Apple become void.
In addition to Apple and John Deere, the video game industry is also guilty of impeding the right to repair. They do this by attempting to control who is allowed to repair their gaming consoles. In 2017, The Entertainment Software Association, a trade organization that includes Sony, Microsoft, Nintendo, and others, worked diligently to block legislative efforts in support of right to repair legislation in Nebraska. Additionally, both Sony and Microsoft have “tamper-proof” stickers on their consoles, which warn the user that their warranty is void if they attempt to fix their device themselves.
Although this is most certainly a slimy move by many corporations to void warranties, make extra money on repairs, and force consumers to buy completely new products, a consumer does, in fact, consent to the terms of the contract when buying a product with a manufacturer’s warranty.
However, this situation became especially frustrating when both the PlayStation 3 and the Xbox 360 had significant, widespread problems that left many consoles broken and useless to users. While Xbox 360s plagued by the infamous “red ring of death” were refurbished free of charge, so long as consumers were willing to send back their machines to Microsoft for repairs, PlayStation 3 consoles cost $200 to be fixed.
The flaws in both systems did not sit well with the gaming community, who were unimpressed with the handling of the situation. Had independent parties been allowed to fix these consoles, both companies might have saved themselves from angry consumers who were dealing with a manufacturing flaw and not a problem born of their own doing.
Interestingly enough, these “tamper-proof” stickers are actually illegal under a federal law called the 1975 Magnuson-Moss Warranty. However, most consumers cannot afford to pay all the legal costs associated with taking these giant corporations to court. And thus, most never challenge the warranties. Not to mention, so long as no one is being physically harmed, passing legislation that restricts how a private company can conduct business is not an ideal solution, even if its actions are shady.
Lexmark, the printer company, took the fight against the right to repair even further than these other companies, eventually arguing its case in front of the Supreme Court in 2017. Everyone with a printer knows that it is exorbitantly expensive to replace the ink cartridges. Impression Products wanted to help consumers save money by refilling their existing Lexmark printer ink cartridges with toner instead of having to buy an entirely new cartridge.
Lexmark had placed a chip in its single-use cartridges that rendered them useless if a consumer attempted to refill it with ink. Impression Products, along with other small companies, found a way to disable the chip and refill the cartridges at a low cost.
Impression Products’ innovative solution to a frustrating consumer problem didn’t sit well with Lexmark, who sued for patent infringement and fought the company all the way to the highest court in the land. Unfortunately for Lexmark, the court ruled against it, declaring that the company’s patent rights were exhausted with the first sale of its toner cartridges and that consumers had every right to alter or fix property they rightfully owned.
Bernie Is Right, But for the Wrong Reasons
To some extent, Sanders is correct to call out corporate greed over the struggle for a consumer’s right to repair. Many corporations resort to shady tactics in order to charge consumers more to fix their products or force them to buy entirely new products, as Lexmark has demonstrated.
However, whether Sanders and his supporters realize it or not, above all, the argument in favor of the right to repair is actually an argument in favor of private property rights—something democratic socialists are typically against.
Once a product is purchased and money exchanges hands, the consumer becomes the sole owner of said property. This gives them the right to alter or repair a product in any manner they see fit. If manufacturers can literally remotely lock you out of your own property for having “unauthorized” repairs done, effectively holding your property hostage until you take it to an authorized dealer or until you pay their ransom to get it back, then whose property is it?
Sanders might not be a fan of big corporations, but the antidote to corporate greed is actually found within free market principles, like an individual’s right to do as they will with their own private property. | <urn:uuid:cdb039cd-be36-4482-bd4b-39e06c93f9a3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.centerforindividualism.org/the-right-to-repair-shouldnt-americans-have-the-right-to-fix-their-own-stuff/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00676.warc.gz | en | 0.967568 | 1,819 | 2.46875 | 2 |
Fire ants marching into Lunenburg
Published 10:18 am Thursday, December 24, 2020
The red imported fire ant commonly found in Virginia’s tidewater region is making its way into Lunenburg County, potentially creating a problem for producers and landowners.
“I discovered fire ants in Lunenburg for the first time this year and they are starting to present a problem,” Extension Agent Lindy Fimon said.
According to the Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (VDACS), the ant is problematic due to the large mounds that it builds and the ant’s ability to sting or bite in large numbers.
“A major concern for livestock production is calves being born near mounds,” Fimon said.
The red imported fire ants live in mounds; the mound is usually noticed prior to seeing the ant itself. The mound appearance is typically large, and dome shaped. The average size of a mound is 10 to 24 inches in diameter and 6 to 18 inches in height. However, mounds may be larger in clay soils, reaching 2 to 3 feet in height. The ants will feed on any plant or animal material, dead or alive.
Because these ants are becoming such a problem, the VDACS is working with landowners to assist with mound treatment to help curtail the spread.
According to the VDACS, fire ant mounds are typically found in warm, sunny locations such as landscape beds, lawns, trees and shrubs, along sidewalk cracks and against buildings. If disturbed, these ants are generally aggressive and can inflict painful stings.
In 1989, the first fire ant infestation was detected in the commonwealth. To date, all fire ant infestations appear to have been introduced into Virginia on nursery stock or other plant products from infested areas or by natural spread from nearby infested areas.
If you believe you have located a red imported fire ant mound, contact VDACS at (434) 808-2090. VDACS will determine if the mound is fire ants and will treat the mound for free. Please do not disturb the mound as this will cause the ants to move and make a new mound. | <urn:uuid:5718d137-1f9f-4a88-9045-7db00c620683> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kenbridgevictoriadispatch.com/2020/12/24/fire-ants-marching-into-lunenburg/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00071.warc.gz | en | 0.956638 | 451 | 2.875 | 3 |
Gaura is an herbaceous perennial that grows in a loose, bushy clump 2-4ft tall with a spread of 2-3ft. The stems are slender and wiry, and covered with tiny hairs. The leaves are spoon shaped, with toothed margins. The flowers are produced above the foliage on erect spikes, that continue to elongate throughout the extended blooming period of late spring until autumn.
This is a plant for hot climates and dry soils.
Gaura does best in full sun, but will tolerate partial shade.
It is tolerant of drought. It has a long taproot and requires a well-drained soil.
Propagation: White gaura is easy to grow from seed, and usually will self sow. You also can divide the clumps in spring to start new plants. | <urn:uuid:5efc6f88-a881-420a-bee0-7739f98c827b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://toptropicals.com/catalog/uid/gaura_lindheimeri&static=1.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.949224 | 169 | 2.21875 | 2 |
My non-Native friends: imagine that you are suddenly no longer allowed to be wed with the ceremony your ancestors used forever. No honeymoon. No throwing of the bouquet. The vows include values that are not your own, and the process seems mundane. Or imagine your child was informed they would not be allowed to have a traditional high school graduation. Rather than a ceremony, they spend the day in court watching scared families enter and exit the court room. The final semester finishing without the recognition afforded to their friends and relatives. Ceremonies and rituals are vital experiences in all societies’ cultures, and often mark the transition from one phase of life to another. They not only benefit those who are directly involved, but also the community as a whole. Traditional Native American culture is no exception.
As of July 1, 2010, children who are dependents of the Juvenile Court in California and covered by ICWA, received a new option for permanency; one that enables youth and Tribal communities to benefit from the use of vital traditional adoption ceremonies and rituals, among other advantages.
Tribal Customary Adoption (TCA) is different from regular adoption, in that it allows the incorporation of cultural traditions into an adoption process that afforded little to none, provides Tribes the authority to approve or disapprove of a potential adoptive placement, mandates collaboration between child welfare agencies and Tribes, prevents the severing of Tribal ties and benefits, and allows adoption to occur without the termination of parental rights.
The Flow of a Child’s Case in the Child Welfare System
When a child is placed or is removed from their parent’s or guardian’s care, their parent or guardian are often offered community services to address the issues which led to the child’s removal. These are termed family reunification services. (If you are involved in a case in which family reunification services are court ordered, you may want to check out Active Efforts Cheat Sheet, which is also on the Ayazuta blog). Federal law dictates that a “concurrent plan” must be put in place in the event that the parents do not make progress in their services. “Concurrent” can simply be translated as “a backup plan” for the child’s placement. Options for this plan include long-term care, guardianship, adoption, and now TCA.
After a pre-determined period of time, the court determines whether the parent or guardian has made adequate progress in the rehabilitative services they were required to complete. (The amount of time given ranges from six to eighteen months, depending on the variables in the individual case.) If the parents don’t “rehabilitate” and address the reason why the case was brought to the Court’s attention, the backup or “concurrent” plan becomes the primary plan for the child’s case and very possibly, the only hope that child has for a stable home through young adulthood. Child welfare social workers are trained to identify cases in which adoption is a possibility; in their eyes, each child deserves a stable environment in which they can thrive, and adoption is the best opportunity for that stability. Adoption ideally lasts through young adulthood and beyond, a refreshing change from being moved from foster home to foster home for sometimes trivial matters.
Adoption, however, within the child welfare system has typically not been favored by Tribes as “the concurrent plan”, and for good reason. Historically, adoption was used in an attempt to force assimilation for generations of Native American children. Also, many Tribes have cited disagreement with the termination of parental rights, which sometimes severs Tribal connections and benefits.
TCA bridges the interests of child welfare agencies and Tribes and affords Tribes the right to use traditional ceremonies and rituals, promoting the preservation of Tribal culture.
Empowerment of Tribes
TCA empowers Tribes by mandating the court’s consideration of the TCA option while the child’s case is still in its early stages. The assigned child welfare social worker must inquire with the Tribe as to their desire to pursue a TCA in the beginning of the case. The court is then required to wait for a definite response from the Tribe regarding their decision prior to proceeding with the child’s case. If the Tribe determines that TCA is appropriate for the youth, the Tribe is afforded a level of consultation and authority rarely seen in non-Tribal dependency Courts. Described as an “ongoing partnership,” the Tribe not only shares Tribal adoption customs, laws, and rituals with regard to the adoption process, but is also engaged through written, verbal, and in-person (where possible) Team Decision Making (TDM) and interdisciplinary meetings for the child.
Further, the adoption home-study is completed by the Tribe or a Tribal designee, and the Tribe is given the ultimate authority for final approval or disapproval of the home being considered. (For more specific details please see the resources provided at the end of the article).
While the potential benefits for Tribes who choose to pursue TCA for their youth are vast, there are also benefits to be reaped by child welfare social workers. Overburdened child welfare workers who have been stretched in every sense of the word due to the repeated financial blows to their programs, are given a break in those cases in which the Tribe chooses TCA. (That is, if they don’t resist the plan. Resisting implementation of the law will only require more time and energy). Further, the partnership that is now mandated by TCA cultivates an additional opportunity for something that transcends cultures – understanding. Two differing cultures, often worlds apart, align with a mission crucial for the future of both societies: loved and nurtured children.
In the words of Sitting Bull, “Let us put our minds together and see what life we can make for our children.”
Do you have any experiences regarding any aspect of Tribal Customary Adoption that you feel comfortable sharing? Are your local Courts and child welfare agencies recognizing the law? Some Tribes and agencies are waiting to see how others implement TCA, and some of us (okay, me) are excited to hear details and thoughts about it’s implementation. Please feel free to share as you feel comfortable in the comments section below or email me directly.
Resources for Tribal Customary Adoption Implementation
The California Department of Social Services (CDSS), with the help of Tribes, have provided very specific information on what TCA is and how to implement it within your agency here: http://www.dss.cahwnet.gov/lettersnotices/entres/getinfo/acl/2010/10-47.pdf
If you have read through the document and you still have unanswered questions as to implementation, the Bureau responsible for assisting with implementation can be reached at (916) 657-1858.
For further information regarding TCA from the National Indian Child Welfare Association (NICWA), see: http://www.nicwa.org/adoption/
Like other adopted children, TCA children are eligible for financial assistance through the Adoption Assistance Program (AAP). For more information, view: http://www.dss.cahwnet.gov/cfsweb/PG1303.htm
The Judicial Council’s website for the mandatory forms to incorporate TCA into child welfare procedures are here: http://www.courtinfo.ca.gov/forms/latest.htm
For current contact information for Tribes in California and throughout the nation: www.ayazuta.com | <urn:uuid:315412a7-7bf4-4baa-8fe7-7142687afa79> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://ayazuta.com/blog/?p=38 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719273.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00066-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94482 | 1,586 | 2.453125 | 2 |
Google is extending the suspicious log-in detection feature it recently launched for Gmail to all Google account users, starting this week. If you use any Google product that requires you to log-in with a Google account, this applies to you.
"Using the IP address you provide to us, our automated system can determine your broad geographic location. If you log in using a remote IP address, our system will flag it for you," explains Google product manager Yariv Adan on the company’s Public Policy blog. "So if you normally log into your account from your home in California and then a few hours later your account is logged in from France, you’ll get a notice like the one above at the top of your Dashboard page – alerting you to the change and providing links for more details."
"When you get this notice and if you think your account has been compromised, you can then change your password directly from the ‘more details’ pop-up window," adds Adan. Users can click "dismiss" if they know the log-in was legitimate.
Google has also added a link at the bottom of the Dashboard page that lets users easily report an issue. | <urn:uuid:0bb0c7c0-67ab-48c8-9fc5-211a07f48df9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.webpronews.com/google-adds-suspicious-log-in-detection-to-google-accounts/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.935282 | 248 | 1.851563 | 2 |
It’s back to school time and here’s a great way to get your kids to actually eat their lunch by making it more fun. The Bites and Pieces Sandwich Crust Cutter cuts up sandwiches into Tetris style pieces, which not only makes those sammies easier to eat for small fingers, but more awesome too. It also makes it simple for YOU to cut the crust off in one easy step (because no kid is buying the “crust is the best part of the sandwich” story). It’s made of food and dishwasher safe ABS plastic.
Sandwich Crust Cutter for Kids - Set of 9 Crust & Cookie Cutters - Dinosaurs, elephants, butterflies, five-pointed star, puppy, quadrilateral, puzzles, car, love
Netany Sandwich Cutter, Crust Cutter, Cookie and Bread Cutters, Set of 10 - Elephants, Dinosaurs, Butterflies, Five-pointed star, Puppy, Dolphin, Car, Love, Train and Crown
VonShef Fun Cake, Cookie & Sandwich Cutter Shapes for Kids - Set of 5 Shapes: Dinosaur, Dolphin, Heart, Star & Train | <urn:uuid:2ecada01-6ac2-47c7-b196-c1b9a2466e0b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://craziestgadgets.com/2013/09/01/tetris-sandwich-cutter/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00542-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.888244 | 244 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Belcampo Meat Co. in Larkspur may look like the latest trendy, farm-to-table butcher shop stocked with pedigreed meat for sale at sky-high prices.
But it’s so much more than that.
It’s part of a corporation that aims to start a new food revolution — by producing sustainable food on an unheard of scale. And at a profit, to boot.
It is the brainchild of Todd Robinson, a Wall Street veteran with deep pockets; and Anya Fernald, a California-native and long-time locavore entrepreneur. She may look familiar from her previous appearances as a judge on “Iron Chef America” and as the founder of the Eat Real Festival in Oakland.
The two founded Belcampo, Inc. in 2011, which consists of several operations spread across three countries. They include: a 10,000-acre certified organic, sustainable ranch at the base of Mt. Shasta in California, where cows, pigs, chickens, sheep, rabbits, goats, turkeys, geese and squabs are raised sustainably, organically and on pasture; another cattle ranch in Uruguay; and an eco-lodge and farm in Belize that produces coffee, chocolate and rum. | <urn:uuid:0a601813-059d-4487-8e2a-d2516525b454> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.foodgal.com/tag/belcampo-dishes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280587.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00556-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.939611 | 259 | 1.523438 | 2 |
“Last year [Henricus Regius] published a book entitled Fundamenta physicæ [sic] in which, concerning physics and medicine, it seems he has taken everything from my writings, those I have published as well as a still imperfect work on the nature of animals that fell into his hands; nevertheless, because he transcribed it poorly and changed the order, and denied certain truths of metaphysics on which all physics must be founded, I am obliged to disown the work entirely.” (Descartes, Preface to the French translation of Principia Philosophiæ, 1647)
René Descartes (1596–1650) is well known to the general public as “the father of modern philosophy,” the creator of that paradigmatically modern movement, Cartesianism. By contrast Henricus Regius (Henrik de Roy; 1598–1679) is known for the most part only to dedicated specialists. Yet a consideration of the case of Regius can serve to illustrate the extent to which Descartes did not have complete control over his creation.
This case is a curious one. Regius was a professor of medicine at the University of Utrecht. He was much taken with the views he had read in the scientific essays accompanying Descartes’s Discours de la méthode (1637), and was one of the first to introduce Descartes’s new mechanistic account of the material world into the Dutch academy. Regius also was the point man for the defense of Descartes against the attacks of his traditionalist critic, the Utrecht Rector Gibertus Voetius. Descartes subsequently wrote concerning Regius that he is “so confident of his intelligence” that there is nothing in his writings that “I could not freely acknowledge as my own” (Epistola ad Voetium, 1643). Yet a mere four years later, in the passage from his preface cited above, Descartes angrily denounces Regius, charging him with plagiarism, and incompetent plagiarism at that. So how is it that in such a short period of time we go from Regius the trusted Cartesian disciple to Regius the despised Cartesian outcast?
The main clue to the answer lies not in Descartes’s charge of plagiarism (which Regius vigorously denied), but rather in his claim that Regius went astray in denying “certain truths of metaphysics on which all physics must be founded.” The reference here is to the fact that in a draft of his Fundamenta physices—the work that prompted Descartes’s denunciation—Regius disputes both Descartes’s arguments for the existence of God and his claim that reason alone can reveal that mind and body are distinct substances. When in a 1645 letter Descartes reacted with “astonishment and grief” to this disavowal of his metaphysical views, Regius attempted to placate his former promoter by excising the offending elements from the published version of his Fundamenta (1646). However, matters had gone too far for such gestures to have any effect. Even in the sanitized version of Regius’s text, Descartes could see only a dangerous repudiation of his view that physics must be founded on secure metaphysical foundations.
Subsequent to Descartes’s denunciation of Regius in his 1647 preface, the rift between the two only widened. That same year one of Regius’s medical students circulated a pamphlet that outlined Regius’s differences with Descartes, including the ones excluded from the Fundamenta. Descartes immediately responded by insisting again on the soundness of the metaphysical foundations for his physics. Soon after Descartes’s death his literary executor, Claude Clerselier, criticized Regius in print for his ingratitude toward Descartes and exhorted him to return to the Cartesian fold by embracing Descartes’s conclusions regarding God and the human soul.
On the narrative we find in Clerselier, Regius was a rebel against the Cartesian cause. But it is important to recognize another side to the story. For instance, there is a reference from the Rotterdam physician James de Back to “the most learned H. Regius, Professor of Physick in the University of Utrecht, and a notable follower of de Cartes” (“Discourse on the Heart,” 1653). Though he undoubtedly was aware of Descartes’s public repudiation of his fellow Dutchman Regius, De Back was concerned here with Descartes’s controversial view that the motion of the heart consists in the diastole, a view that Regius developed in an original way. In this medical context such physiological issues would be more to the point in determining an ideological connection to Cartesianism than the sort of metaphysical issues that separated Descartes from Regius. With respect to the former, Regius did indeed adhere—and was recognized as adhering—to a distinctively Cartesian line. In fact, Regius was at the center of a network of Dutch Cartesian physicians and medical professors who owed their training in mechanistic physiology either directly or indirectly to him.
At this point one might well protest that the question of whether or not one should apply the label ‘Cartesian’ to Regius is merely a verbal one. However, I think there is a substantive issue here concerning our understanding of Descartes’s influence on modern thought. One can view him as bequeathing a complete and seamless system, acceptance of which is essential for someone to be considered a follower. But another perspective is provided by David Hull’s clever and instructive attempt to understand the nature of the conceptual system “Darwinism” in terms of a Darwinian analysis of biological species. According to this analysis, there is no expectation that there will be a set of phenotypic traits that all and only members of a particular biological species possess throughout time. A species is rather a population likely to be marked by considerable phenotypic plasticity. What unites the diverse members of a species is a particular historical origin and line of descent. It is similarly the case, Hull claims, with respect to Darwinism as a conceptual entity (“Darwinism as Historical Entity: A Historiographical Proposal,” 1985). What I am suggesting here, in a preliminary way, is that the curious case of Regius indicates that we also should view Cartesianism as akin to an evolving historical species, one diverse enough to include the views of a person Descartes himself disowned.
Featured image: The disbanding of the ‘waardgelders’ (mercenaries in the pay of the town government) by Prince Maurits in Utrecht, 31 July 1618, by Joost Cornelisz Droochsloot. Public domain via Wikimedia Commons. | <urn:uuid:f7ff1ab6-d24c-49c8-9539-d6e080f2e076> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.oup.com/2016/10/henricus-regius-rene-descartes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.958277 | 1,464 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Effects of summer cultivation and fertilization timing on large patch in zoysiagrass
Large patch disease in zoysiagrass has become more of a concern as use of the turfgrass has increased on golf courses.
Ken Obasa, Ph.D.; Jack Fry, Ph.D.; Dale Bremer, Ph.D.; Rodney St. John, Ph.D.; and Megan Kennelly, Ph.D.
Read this story in GCM's digital edition
Patches in large patch disease range in size from a few feet across
to 20 feet or more in diameter.
Photos by Megan Kennelly
is being used increasingly often in golf course fairways and greens. Large
patch, caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG 2-2 LP, is a common and severe
disease of zoysiagrass. Patches range in size from a few feet across to 20 feet
or more in diameter. On individual plants, the leaf blades develop a
yelloworange color with rotting on the leaf sheaths. Large patch symptom
development in zoysiagrass is favored by relatively cool and humid weather. In
Kansas, large patch symptoms develop primarily in April-May and occasionally in
September-October. Compacted and poorly drained soils and excessive and prolonged
wetness near the leaf surface are optimal conditions for the development of large
On individual zoysiagrass plants affected by large patch disease, the leaf blades develop a yellow-orange color with rotting on the leaf sheaths.
large patch is primarily managed by fungicide application during fall and/ or
spring. Cultural management practices do not provide an acceptable level of
disease control, and few studies have examined the effects of cultural
practices. Previous studies (2) have examined the effects of mowing height,
nitrogen source and nitrogen application rates on large patch development and
severity on zoysiagrass. They found that lower mowing heights resulted in more
severe disease. In addition, large patch was not affected by nitrogen source
(urea, urea formaldehyde, poultry litter, sewage sludge or bovine waste) or the
two different application rates of 1.5 or 3.0 pounds nitrogen/1,000 square feet
(7.32 or 14.64 grams/square meter) per year. The authors did not, however,
study the effect of different fertilization timings such as early spring or
late fall applications that may be used to prolong the length of season when the
turf is green.
The Rhizoctonia solani pathogen was grown
in the laboratory and then transferred to glass jars
of sterile oats, where it was allowed to grow
for two weeks before use.
leads to improved soil moisture and oxygen conditions, resulting in improved
root growth as well as increased microbial activity that is essential to the
biodegradation of thatch. Aerating zoysiagrass turf in early spring when large
patch is active has been anecdotally reported to result in new satellite
infections on healthy turf by infected cores. The effects of cultivation in
summer are not known, however. In addition, the effect of timing of nitrogen
fertilization and cultivation on large patch development and severity in
zoysiagrass is not known, although turfgrass managers have associated severe
large patch outbreaks with excessive nitrogen fertilization.
goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of cultivation on soil moisture,
soil and thatch temperatures, and large patch development as well as evaluate
the effect of timing of fertilization on large patch development.
Research plots were inoculated by making a slice in the thatch and inserting 8-10 grams of oats in each spot. The turf slice was tamped back down and the area was irrigated to promote fungal growth.
experiment was conducted at three Kansas locations: the Rocky Ford Turfgrass Research
Center in Manhattan, the K-State Research and Extension Center for
Horticultural Crops in Olathe, and the John C. Pair Horticulture Center in
plots were inoculated on Sept. 25, 2008, in Manhattan, Oct. 2 in Olathe and Oct.
3 in Haysville. The Rhizoctonia solani pathogen was grown on
one-quarter-strength potato dextrose agar + antibiotics in the laboratory, transferred
to glass jars of sterile oats and allowed to grow for two weeks before use. To
inoculate the plots, a slice was made in the thatch and 8-10 grams of oats were
inserted in each spot. The turf slice was tamped back down and the area was
irrigated to promote fungal growth. Thermocouples and dual-probe sensors
(1,3,7) were installed in the Manhattan site during 2009 and 2010 to determine
the effect of cultural practices on soil temperature, thatch temperature and
soil moisture content.
At each of the three research sites (Haysville, Manhattan and Olathe, Kan.), there were four blocks of plots. Inoculated patches first became apparent in spring 2009.
Photos by Ken Obasa
experiments were set up in a splitplot design, with cultivation vs.
noncultivation as the main-plot factor with main plots 12 × 20 feet (3.6 × 6
meters). Fertility was the split-plot factor, with 12- × 10-foot (3.6- ×
3-meter) plots. There were four inoculation sites (described above) per
splitplot. There were four blocks at each of the three locations. Inoculated
patches were apparent starting in spring 2009, expanding over time. The
cultural practices and fertility regimes were initiated in summer 2008 and
continued as shown in Table 1. Cultivation included core-aerification,
verticutting and sand topdressing. Fertility was applied in spring and fall as
plain urea at a rate of 1 pound nitrogen/1,000 square feet (4.88 grams/square
meter) in spring and another 1 pound nitrogen/1,000 square feet in fall. In
Manhattan, each spring and fall application was further split into two
applications of 0.5 pound nitrogen/1,000 square feet (2.44 grams/square meter).
Summer fertility was applied all at once as 2 pounds nitrogen/ 1,000 square
feet (9.76 grams/square meter) as polymer-coated urea.
The cultural practices and fertility regimes were initiated in summer 2008 and continued through 2011. Cultivation practices included core-aerification, verticutting and sand topdressing.
was assessed by measuring patch sizes when patches had distinct margins, and patch
size increase (radial patch expansion in inches per week) was calculated. When patches
became large (merged together) or had poorly defined margins, disease was
assessed by digital image analysis (4) with modifications (5,6). Patch symptoms
within a 30- × 36-inch (76.20- × 91.44-centimeter) grid in the center of each
plot were photographed weekly and analyzed to estimate turf infested with large
patch disease (percentage of diseased, or non-green, turf), relative to healthy
had no effect on 5-inch (12.7-centimeter) soil temperature, thatch temperature
or water content during 2009 or 2010 (data not shown).
2009 we measured patch diameters for several weeks at all three locations. At
all three sites, there was no effect of cultivation or timing of fertilization
on patch size or the rate of patch expansion. Data from Haysville are presented
in Figure 1. The other sites were similar.
2010 and 2011, we used only digital image analysis. The patches had become larger
and had coalesced, making individual patch size measurements difficult. There
was no effect of cultivation on disease at any site in 2010 or 2011. However,
there were some significant effects of fertility in those years. In fall 2010
in Manhattan, the spring + fall fertility treatment had significantly less non-green
turf than the summer fertility treatment (Table 2).
Similarly, in Haysville, the
spring + fall fertility treatment had less non-green turf than did the summer
fertilization treatment on June 22, but this effect was not significant on July
7. In Haysville in spring 2011, the spring/fall fertility treatment again had
less non-green turf than the summer fertility treatment (Table 2). In spring 2011
in Manhattan, there was a significant interaction among cultivation and
fertility treatments. The cultivated spring + fall fertilization treatment had
less non-green turf than both summer fertility treatments, and the
noncultivated spring + fall fertilization treatment had less non-green turf
than the noncultivated summer treatment (Table 2). There were no differences at
the Olathe site in 2010 or 2011 (data not shown).
study was conducted over several years to examine the potential impact of the cultural
practices over time. Cultivation did not affect disease based on patch size,
patch size increase or digital image analysis, and it did not affect volumetric
soil content or temperature. We hypothesized that cultivation might improve
drainage and therefore reduce disease pressure, but this did not occur. We were
not able to measure moisture right at the thatch or on the leaf sheaths, which
may be a more informative area because that is where the pathogen infects the
plant. However, instrumentation to measure moisture in those areas was lacking.
in spring and fall was associated with slightly lower percentages of nongreen turf
at Manhattan and Haysville, but not Olathe, in 2010 and 2011. Applications of
nitrogen during spring and fall might have promoted more shoot re-growth within
affected areas, thus masking the effects of disease.
effects were not consistent from year to year or site to site, spring or fall
applications should still be approached with caution. Fall fertility may
interfere with other processes of hardening off for winter. Furthermore, it is
important to note that the effects of very early fertility, such as at the very
initial signs of green-up, may be different from what we observed. Our spring
fertility applications were made after the turf had already greened up
work was funded by the United States Golf Association, the Kansas Turfgrass
Foundation, the Kansas Golf Course Superintendents Association and the Heart of
America Golf Course Superintendents Association.
authors would like to thank W.W. Bockus, C.R. Little and B.K. Sandercock at Kansas
State University for their thoughtful contributions to K. Obasa’s Ph.D. thesis
associated with this work.
- Bremer, D.J. 2003. Evaluation of microlysimeters used
in turfgrass evapotranspiration studies using the dual-probe heat-pulse
- Green, D.E. II, J.D. Fry, J.C. Pair and N.A. Tisserat.
1994. Influence of cultural practices on large patch disease of zoysiagrass. HortScience
- Ham, J.M., and R.S. Senock. 1992. On the measurement of
soil surface temperature. Soil Science Society of America Journal 56:370-377.
- Karcher, D.E., and M.D. Richardson. 2005. Batch analysis
of digital images to evaluate turfgrass characteristics. Crop
- Obasa K., J. Fry and M. Kennelly. 2012. Susceptibility
of zoysiagrass germplasm to large patch caused by Rhizoctonia
solani. HortScience 47:1252-1256.
- Obasa K., J. Fry, D. Bremer, R. St. John and M. Kennelly.
2013. Effect of cultivation and timing of nitrogen fertilization on large patch
disease of zoysiagrass. Plant Disease 97:1075-1081.
- Song, Y., J.M. Ham, M.B. Kirkham and G.J. Kluitenberg.
1998. Measuring soil water content under turfgrass using the dual-probe
heat-pulse technique. Journal of the American Society of Horticultural
Kehinde Obasa is a postdoctoral research
associate and Megan Kennelly is an associate professor in
the department of plant pathology and Jack Fry and Dale Bremer are professors
in the department of horticulture, forestry and recreation resources at Kansas
State University; Rodney St. John is an agronomist with Ryan Lawn & Tree in
Overland Park, Kan. | <urn:uuid:139b1a69-9171-42de-908f-61db484dc5aa> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.gcsaa.org/gcm-magazine/2014/april/effects-of-summer-cultivation-and-fertilization-timing-on-large-patch-in-zoysiagrass | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00240-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.934624 | 2,699 | 2.875 | 3 |
It's like paddock to the plate in reverse.
This rubbish bin contains a small portion of 39,000 tonnes of food waste from the Gold Coast that ends up in a Gold Coast dump each year.
But it could become a compost of the future.
The Queensland Government, Gold Coast restaurants and Gold Coast City Council are planning to trial way of identifying exactly what is in the waste so they can produce a rich compost by simply recycling food that is thrown out.
"It's early days yet," minister Steven Miles says, but the idea is to stop the food from simply being dumped in landfill and instead using it to build a compost.
"We are providing $80,000 to Gold Coast Council to begin trials with Gold Coast hospitality businesses to see if we can recycle their food waste and stop that waste going into landfill," he said.
There are around 1000 hospitality businesses in the Surfers Paradise and Broadbeach area, Mr Miles said.
"And about 50 per cent of their waste is food waste, which currently goes to landfill, he said.
"We're hoping that using the impetus that we gain from the partnership that we can divert that away from landfill and recycle it."
The answer to "how" will be the main outcome of the trial, Dr Miles said.
"This stage of the project is primarily about identifying how much there will be, how we can collect it and what we can do with it," he said.
"It is most likely that it will end up in some form of compost and we would love to see that compost used in the parks and gardens that make the Gold Coast such a beautiful place."
The trial among 10 of the Gold Coast's leading hospitality and catering businesses includes leftovers from plates and raw materials as food dishes are prepared.
"Many people are unaware that food preparation generates significant waste, particularly in a commercial setting," Mr Miles said.
It could simply mean a new "yellow top bin" in commercial kitchens, he said, but he said that was what the trial would show.
"This trial is about designing a system that will be easy for businesses to use and to separate out their waste."
The trial will lead up to the 2018 Commonwealth Games where it is proposed to put the scheme to a larger test, Commonwealth Games Minister Stirling Hinchliffe said.
Mr Hinchliffe said 900 tonnes of waste was produced at the venues alone at the previous Commonwealth Games in Glascow.
"And a significant proportion of that would be able to be recycled under a green waste facility that is being proposed here in this trial," he said.
Mr Hinchliffe said the bigger future impact of the trial would be a new system to separate out food waste and turn it to compost rather than landfill.
"Some of the big restaurants and hotel chains here on the Coast are very excited about how they can reduce their waste stream," he said.
Charlie Whitcombe from Surfer's Paradise's Catalina Cafe said he believed it was a scheme that would catch on.
"We're going to have a lot of extra customers during the Games and we think, once we start, it will become a fixture."
The first trial results will be relayed to other Queensland councils and hopefully expanded in the future, Dr Miles said. | <urn:uuid:3e9be934-522b-4f61-ae68-6742aee4f8c0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/queensland/gold-coast-eateries-to-trial-sending-food-scraps-for-compost-20160205-gmn4j3.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00081-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974522 | 675 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Robeco has published an in-depth assessment of the water market “Boiling Point: global growth, climate change and the increasing pressure for water resources”, to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the RobecoSAM Sustainable Water Strategy.
The third of its kind after 2010 and 2015 editions, the study demonstrates that water stress has worsened over the past 20 years as a result of population growth, increasing water consumption, pollution and climate change.
Projections for the coming decades paint a grim picture. More than half of the world’s population could experience water scarcity at least one month per year by 2050. Droughts and Floods have increased by 50% and 35% respectively over the last decade and show no sign of slowing down. Water degradation as a result of poor wastewater management (80% of all municipal wastewater globally is excreted into the environment untreated and eventually re-enters the water-cycle) among other factors, is adding to water scarcity and is threatening biodiversity.
While the challenges are clearly substantial, so too are the investment opportunities in companies along the entire water value chain for generating financial returns and positive impact. Companies that recognize the need and provide sustainable solutions suitable to the diverse segments of the global water market will be ideally positioned to ride the growing wave of interest and investment.
Robeco’s water study reveals where large-scale investments are needed in both emerging and developed markets in order to improve efficient water use, increase water supplies, ensure water quality, and mitigate scarcity in agriculture, energy and industry as well as within urban municipalities and rural communities. The case for water-themed investments has never been stronger.
The RobecoSAM Sustainable Water Strategy, which went live late September 2001, is one of the world’s first sustainable water strategies. It has been managed by the same Portfolio Manager – Dieter Küffer – since inception, and surpassed EUR 3 billion AuM for the first time in August 2021.
For two decades, the strategy has focused on companies that seek solutions to address the challenges of rising water demand. The strategy invests worldwide in companies providing technology, products and services relating to the water value chain, such as water distribution, management, efficient use, treatment, and analysis as well as irrigation systems.
Dieter Küffer, Senior Portfolio Manager for the RobecoSAM Sustainable Water strategy: “The world and the investment universe along the water value chain looked different 20 years ago, when I started managing the strategy. Policy makers and innovative firms have joined us since then in our aspiration to preserve clean water on our planet. I’m proud that the teams involved with the strategy, consisting of equity analysts, SI Researchers, or Active Ownership specialists, have enabled our clients to achieve their financial and sustainability goals. But the challenges for clean water provision are still at play – we cannot rest on our laurels.”
Mark van der Kroft, CIO Fundamental and Quant Equity, Robeco: “Our Trends and Sustainable Theme offering is competitive due to many reasons – the RobecoSAM Sustainable Water strategy is certainly one of them. Thanks to its strong track record and experienced investment team, the RobecoSAM Sustainable Water strategy continues to be the sustainable water strategy of choice. Robeco is a pioneer in the water sector, evidenced by having launched one of the very first water funds globally. Many others have followed, but our track record, expertise and understanding of the issue remain unrivalled, as made evident in the third edition of our water study, in which we underline the important role investors can play to help preserve one of our planet’s most precious resources: water.” | <urn:uuid:eb08ddf0-3848-4e8f-b998-1bf8776790c7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wealthdfm.com/article/robeco-publishes-in-depth-assessment-of-water-market-in-celebration-of-20th-anniversary-of-sustainable-water-strategy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00069.warc.gz | en | 0.949319 | 752 | 2.34375 | 2 |
From 2007 to the present, Galicians Sangre de Muerdago have released 7 albums and another handful of EPs and singles. Their latest album, released in November 2020, has 11 tracks and is entitled Xuntas. Between pagan folk and chamber music, their repertoire features original pastoral ballads, prog-medieval compositions, and reinterpretations of traditional chants. In fact, there is something haunting about the genesis of Sangre de Muerdago that is still with them today, 15 years later: shortly before they recorded their first album, one of the founding members, the Brazilian Jorge Olsen de Abreu, died, and on the band’s last LP, Xuntas (2020), Jorge appears in the credits as the man responsible for “Melodias do Outro Mundo”. In addition, they recently released a video called Xuntas – The Movie, where a ghost woman attends a concert of the group in a theater in Leipzig, exchanging impressions with the spectators. At one point, a man from the technical team asks them “Guys, what does ‘Xuntas’ really mean?”, to which they reply in unison: “Juntas!”.
The members of the Sangre de Muerdago are: Pablo C. Ursusson, lyricist and main vocalist of the band, guitarist, accordion player, music box and bell player; Erik Heimansberg on second voices, flute, bass clarinet and Peñaparda tambourine (a kind of adufe); Hanna Werth, on viola and second voices; Georg Börner, on nyckelharpa and second voices; Asia Kindred Moor, on Celtic harp. In the sometimes politically dubious world of neofolk, the band carries a latent anti-fascist sensibility; not only has Pablo been involved in the Spanish punk scene, but they proudly sing in Galician, a language that resisted censorship and repression by the Franco regime (Galicians have a forked tongue). However, those who from the description are mistaken in imagining an intervention group in a literal, contestatory sense – the music of Sangre de Muerdago does not claim nor is it interested in the intrigues and politicking of men. However, this is not to say that the content and form of their compositions are not political, but they are in a much more spiritual and humanistic sense (e.g. the track with the curiously long title “Unha das peores cousas que escoitéi no 2019 foi ‘Pedir perdón é un ato de debilidade'” is a 6-minute instrumental).
Pablo’s gentle, soothing voice transitions effortlessly between the colloquiality of a songwriter and the formality of a bard. On the other hand, the way Sangre de Muerdago pair their voices and instruments in harmonies, sometimes open and flat, other times more intertwined and meticulous, leads us sometimes through dirt roads, through the dense flora of the forest, sometimes through moss-covered ruins, until we find shelter for a fire; the “touch” of the band is soft, but assertive (if we can use such imprecise terms), and is characterized by the same reverence and dignity with which the members give up their turn in the arrangements so that the next one can come up. AR | <urn:uuid:0b86bc06-5e94-464d-860f-01e37a1ac04b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://zedosbois.org/en/programa/sangre-de-muerdago-jonathan-hulten/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00470.warc.gz | en | 0.929068 | 717 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Although the .NET Framework makes web service development easier, it is by no means the only way to create them. Just like any other programming task, there are several design and development decisions that must be made. Remember, web services provide a platform-independent way of requesting and receiving data, so the service consumer doesn't need (or in many cases want) information about how it is implemented. Unfortunately, there are some things to be aware of when interoperability is a concern:
Not all platforms support the same data types. For example, many services return an ADO.NET dataset. A system without .NET will be unlikely to understand this data form. Similarly, arrays can be problematic because they can be represented in any number of ways.
Some services are more tolerant of missing or extra headers in the request. This problem is allied to consumers that do not send all the correct headers, which can create problems, especially when it comes to securing a service.
In an effort to overcome these and other related issues, the Web Services Interoperability Organization was formed. You can find its aims, findings, and conformance recommendations at www.ws-i.org/.
When creating a web service, your first decision is which platform to use. If you choose Windows, you'll almost certainly use IIS as your web server. You can use ASP.NET to create your web services, or ASP for older versions of IIS (though this is more difficult). The examples in this chapter use ASP.NET.
If you are using UNIX or Linux, you will likely be using JSP or PHP, both of which have open source web servers available. Using these, you need to program in Java or PHP, respectively, to create web services.
The Axis project (http://ws.apache.org/axis/) has development tools for both Java and C++.
After you've chosen your language, you'll need to decide who will have access to your service. Will your application be the only one calling it, or will your service be accessible publicly? If the latter, you will need to take into account the interoperability issues discussed previously; if the former, you can take advantage of some of the specialized features provided by the client or the server.
With a web service created, the next step is to consume it. Any application that calls a web service is considered a consumer. Typically, consuming a web service follows a distinct pattern: create a request, send the request, and act on the response received. The exact method for taking these steps is up to the functionality that is accessible by the consumer. | <urn:uuid:17a19504-12eb-4343-a07d-bb8c795cc3fd> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.yaldex.com/ajax-tutorial-4/BBL0041.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282926.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00390-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.928823 | 532 | 2.65625 | 3 |
This lawsuit was filed pro se by prisoners on March 27, 1986, in the Northern District of California. The plaintiffs sued the California Department of Corrections and the California Institute for Men under 42 U.S.C. 1983. The plaintiffs alleged that unconstitutional conditions of confinement at the California Institute for Men (Chino) violated their Eighth Amendment and Fifth Amendment due process rights. Specifically, the plaintiffs alleged issues regarding sanitation, classification, legal access, fire safety, and other conditions. In particular, the plaintiffs alleged violations caused by the prison's housing of 212 inmates in a gymnasium not designed to house inmates. The plaintiffs asked for injunctive, declaratory, and monetary relief.
The prisoners moved for appointment of counsel but was denied twice. On August 14, 1986, the docket indicates a notice of association of counsel for the plaintiffs. Then on September 29, 1986, the court granted the plaintiffs' motion to file an amended complaint. In 1987, the parties engaged in discovery and settlement negotiations, but a settlement could not be reached at the time. Instead, the plaintiffs filed a second amended complaint on July 13, 1987.
The parties engaged in additional discovery in preparation for a trial set for October 4, 1988. However, on September 20, 1988, the trial was postponed to allow more time for renewed settlement negotiations. On September 26, the parties notified the court that they had reached a tentative settlement agreement. The agreement addressed many aspects the inmates' conditions of confinement including: food, recreation opportunities, law library access, showers, laundry, medical care, procedures regarding placement when an inmate is transferred to the prison from a county jail, and asbestos removal from the facilities. The defendants also agreed to pay the plaintiffs $44,000 in attorney's fees. On October 6, 1988, the court granted the plaintiffs' motion for $22,000 in attorney's fees--the first half of the agreed amount of attorney's fees. Once the settlement was finalized, the case was dismissed on October 2, 1989.
The settlement agreement provided for compliance monitoring; according to the 1993 issue of the ACLU National Prison Project's Journal, this ended in 1993.Margo Schlanger - 07/10/2013
Jessica Kincaid - 04/21/2016 | <urn:uuid:9c8f23b7-dccc-4a73-9fef-60b1585f8462> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.clearinghouse.net/detail.php?id=577 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721405.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00312-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954645 | 456 | 1.742188 | 2 |
- 1823–58 (Production)
Niveau de description
Étendue matérielle et support
2 boxes; paper
Zone du contexte
Nom du producteur
George Peacock was born 9 April 1791 in Denton, near Darlington, co. Durham, one of eight children, the youngest of five sons of Thomas Peacock, curate and schoolmaster at Denton. After a short spell at Richmond School he came up to Trinity College, Cambridge in 1809, where he graduated as Second Wrangler. He was elected Fellow of Trinity in 1814, and received his MA in 1816.
In 1815 Peacock was appointed a Mathematics lecturer at Trinity, and became a tutor in 1823. His leanings towards reform were exercised in his review of the Mathematics Tripos during his three spells as moderator, from 1816 to 1821, as well as work on committees to rebuild the University Library and build the Fitzwilliam Museum, amongst other projects. He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1818, and was given the Lowndean professorship of astronomy and geometry in 1837, a position he held until his death. He lectured for many years on mathematical theory in this role, and was on the committee in 1843 to restore the standards of weights and measures which had been destroyed in the parliament building fire.
Peacock was appointed Dean of Ely in 1839 and turned over the astronomy lectures to the Plumian professor of astronomy and experimental philosophy, retaining the Lowndean chair as a sinecure for the rest of his life. In Ely he persuaded the chapter to restore the cathedral, improved education for the middle and lower classes, and improved the city's drainage system. In 1841 Peacock published 'Observations on the Statutes of the University of Cambridge', advocating academic and political reform of the university and colleges, and served on the royal commission for inquiry at Cambridge in 1850, and and to a royal statutory commission for Cambridge in 1855.He was able to initiate many reforms, despite the opposition of Trinity master William Whewell.
He married Frances Elizabeth, daughter of William Selwyn, in 1847, and died at Ely in November 1858.
These letters were originally catalogued as the first two boxes of the Papers of George Peacock. The George Peacock Letters to his Family (PEAC II) made up the third box. The two sets of papers were separated in June 2019 in recognition of their separate provenances.
Source immédiate d'acquisition ou de transfert
Gift of Angela Reed, 1973.
Zone du contenu et de la structure
Portée et contenu
The papers consist of 281 letters written to George Peacock from a variety of friends, acquaintances, fellow academics and clergymen.
Évaluation, élimination et calendrier de conservation
Mode de classement
The letters are arranged in alphabetical order by correspondent's surname.
Zone des conditions d'accès et d'utilisation
Conditions de reproduction
Langue des documents
Écriture des documents
Notes de langue et graphie
Caractéristiques matérielle et contraintes techniques
Instruments de recherche
Two legacy finding aids are available at the library, listing the formerly designated Papers of George Peacock (see the Archival History note above), and another (in a file at the library) listing the former Papers together with the autograph album at ADD.Ms.b.49 by correspondent, with entries in the card catalogue as well. The former finding aid is attached to this catalogue record.
Instrument de recherche téléversé
Zone des sources complémentaires
Existence et lieu de conservation des originaux
Existence et lieu de conservation des copies
Unités de description associées
Zone des notes
Cite as: Trinity College Library Cambridge, Letters to George Peacock, PEAC1.
Mots-clés - Sujets
Mots-clés - Lieux
Mots-clés - Noms
Mots-clés - Genre
Identifiant de la description
Identifiant du service d'archives
Règles et/ou conventions utilisées
Niveau de détail
Dates de production, de révision, de suppression
Note de l'archiviste
Collection level description created by Diana Smith in June 2019, using an earlier, undated finding aid. | <urn:uuid:af7a7e89-e21f-4936-902f-d9586aff02aa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://archives.trin.cam.ac.uk/index.php/papers-of-george-peacock;isad?sf_culture=fr | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.865704 | 1,040 | 1.875 | 2 |
Before eternally changing the way women dressed, Gabrielle "Coco" Chanel looked to be just another pretty French girl with a coiled mane of hair.
The designer spent happy summer months in the resort town of Deauville; after opening her first boutique on the Rue Cambon, she chose the tony town for her second outpost.
As she began creating the unrestrictive jersey pieces that would set her apart from other designers of the day, Coco cropped her cumbersome long locks, too.
Pearls, a classic motif of the house of Chanel, made early appearances in the designer's personal style.
An optimistic Coco saw the popularity of her little black dress soar during the '20s. Prior to her designs, the somber shade had been almost exclusively designated for wear during periods of mourning.
Much of what the designer turned out still hold high places in today's fashion lexicon. Case in point: the wide-leg white pants and espadrilles she sported while spending time seaside with Rome's Duke Laurino. Chanel made slacks not only chic, but a possibility. Before she sported them, it was a rare sight to see a woman in a pair.
The DNA of Chanel's couture are visible in the romantic dress she chose for a Paris ball.
Coco loved what she crafted, frequently working in one of her most iconic creations: a tweed suit that would still feel just as apropos on today's woman.
The designer putting finishing touches on yet another LBD.
Standing at her favorite observation spot, Rue Cambon's spiral staircase, Chanel sports the costume jewelry and two-tone shoes the brand still produces today. | <urn:uuid:735ec95e-2574-4c3b-8df5-542305d64265> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.elle.com/fashion/g8035/coco-chanel-birthday-pictures/?slide=6 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573029.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817153027-20220817183027-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.957012 | 351 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Revised -- April 2007
Global Warming is one of those longer term events which tend to slowly change our world in irredeemable ways and simultaneously escape our normal crisis intervention mentality of dealing with problems.
But the really big scale event is worldwide. And unlike the rat cage (or by another name Los Angeles), there is no escape from the world environment. Worse yet, the time scale of when global warming is now expected to impact the world in a very substantial way is now a matter of only ten to twenty years!
For more information, see the Halexandria Forums.
Global warming is, in fact, according to the Chief Scientist of England: "the most severe problem we are facing today, more serious even than the threat of terrorism." Sir David King has gone on to note that "without immediate action flooding, drought, hunger and debilitating diseases such as malaria would hit millions of people around the world."
In the United States, the Pentagon (Department of Defense) chimed in with its own dire warnings that provided, "An imminent scenario of catastrophic climate change is 'plausible and would challenge the United States national security in ways that should be considered immediately.'" "The report, which has since been taken off line, did not purport to be a forecast, but rather to identify a plausible scenario in which global warming could disrupt ocean currents that help moderate climate in North America and Europe, causing a five degree Fahrenheit drop in parts of North America by 2020 and a six degree drop in Northern Europe. It says, among other things, that global warming "should be elevated beyond a scientific debate to a U. S. national security concern.''
The report specifically states that "the result [of global warming] could be a significant drop in the human carrying capacity of the Earth's environment." This includes "drops in some regions of 5-10 degrees Fahrenheit in a single decade." Similar climatic pattern changes can last for as much as a century as occurred 8,200 years ago, and as much as a thousand years (during the Younger Dryas era which began 12,700 years ago).
The latter date is intriguing in that according to Sumerian and Biblical sources, during the time of Noah (whose very name means "respite") there was an excruciatingly long drought as the geographic poles -- as opposed to those people living in Poland -- gathered in his frozen ice packs most of fresh water and thus denied it to the normal hydrological cycle of evaporation, rain, runoff, evaportation.
Meanwhile, the future according to the Guardian is more likely to consist of "rioting and nuclear war" as the world struggles for very limited resources -- a scenario which the Pentagon Report's Executive Summary specifically notes that "Unlikely alliances could be formed as defense priorities shift and the goal is resources for survival rather than religion, ideology, or national honor." [emphasis added] The Guardian goes on to say that:
What is being done about it? In the United States the Bush Administration is ignoring the warnings from its own Department of Defense. Furthermore, the Bushites are more prone to diligently work to suppress any and all science which does not agree with its own theology or corporate interests. Meanwhile, "according to Randall and Schwartz, the planet is carrying a higher population than it can sustain. By 2020 'catastrophic' shortages of water and energy supply will become increasingly harder to overcome, plunging the planet into war. They warn that 8,200 years ago climatic conditions brought widespread crop failure, famine, disease and mass migration of populations that could soon be repeated."
Kate Ravilious has noted that "viruses hidden for thousands of years may thaw and escape and we will have no resistance to them." This problem, in addition to everything else, comes about because fungi, bacteria, and viruses were likely incorporated in the freezing process when ice sheets were formed -- the same ice sheets now melting.
More recently, it has become apparent that global warming is not merely about dire threats and accusations of who did what. It is now, in the parlance of the time, all about mitigation and adaptation. Mitigation is an attempt to reduce the problem -- even potentially reduce the problem. But all such mitigation attempts assume mankind having the primary role in the problem. If solar cycles and the like are having the greatest impact, then the mitigation scenarios can do little but buy time.
Such time purchases, on the other hand, may be absolutely vital to the second prong of the global warming defense scheme -- that of adaptation. Time Magazine in their March 29, 2007 issue, includes an article entitled, "On the Front Lines of Climate Change". The article notes the actions of many governments who are already believers in the inevitability of global warming and are taking actions. The article stresses:
Such forewarnings need to be taken seriously.
An excellent report on global warming has been prepared by Drunvalo Melchizedek, which explains in the clearest possible language the extent of the problem. "Dry / Ice: Global Warming Revealed" is must reading. And once that has been digested, find and download the Schwartz/Randall Report. After that you can meditate on the link between global warming and hurricane Katrina and its associated flooding.
As is becoming increasingly apparent, The Party's Over.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/3381425.stm [This link has since been removed.]
Peter Schwartz and Doug Randall, "An Abrupt Climate Change Scenario and Its Implications for United States National Security," Pentagon Report, October 2003.
Kate Ravilious, "Global Warming: Death in the Deep-Freeze," http://www.commondreams.org/headlines05/0928-02.htm.
From something of an historical perspective, an older but still excellent status on Global Warming was provided in APRIL 2001, by M. D. Lemonick in his article entitled, “Life in the Greenhouse.” This article is given below as received (via e-mail):
“There is no such thing as normal weather. The average daytime high temperature for New York City this week should be 57 oF, but on any given day the mercury will almost certainly fall short of that mark or overshoot it, perhaps by a lot. Manhattan thermometers can reach 65 oF, in January every so often and plunge to 50 oF, in July. And seasons are rarely normal. Winter snowfall and summer heat waves beat the average some years and fail to reach it in others. It’s tough to pick out over-all changes in climate in the face of these natural fluctuations. An unusually warm year, for example, or even three in a row don't necessarily signal a general trend.
Yet the earth’s climate does change. Ice ages have frosted the planet for tens of thousands of years at a stretch, and periods of warmth have pushed the tropics well into what is now the temperate zone. But given the normal year-to-year variations, the only reliable signal that such changes may be in the works is a long-term shift in worldwide temperature.
And that is precisely what’s happening. A decade ago, the idea that the planet was warming up as a result of human activity was largely theoretical. We knew that since the Industrial Revolution began in the 18th century, factories and power plants and automobiles and farms have been loading the atmosphere with heat-trapping gases, including carbon dioxide and methane. But evidence that the climate was actually getting hotter was still murky.
Not anymore. As an authoritative report issued a few weeks ago by the U.N.-sponsored Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change makes plain, the trend toward a warmer world has unquestionably begun. Worldwide temperatures have climbed more than 1 oF, over the past century, and the 1990s were the hottest decade on record. After analyzing data going back at least two decades on everything from air and ocean temperatures to the spread and retreat of wildlife, the IPCC asserts that this slow but steady warming has had an impact on no fewer than 420 physical processes and animal and plant species on all continents.
Glaciers, including the legendary snows of Kilimanjaro, are disappearing from mountaintops around the globe. Coral reefs are dying off as the seas get too warm for comfort. Drought is the norm in parts of Asia and Africa. El Nino events, which trigger devastating weather in the eastern Pacific, are more frequent. The Arctic permafrost is starting to melt. Lakes and rivers in colder climates are freezing later and thawing earlier each year. Plants and animals are shifting their ranges poleward and to higher altitudes, and migration patterns for animals as diverse as polar bears, butterflies and beluga whales are being disrupted.
Faced with these hard facts, scientists no longer doubt that global warming is happening, and almost nobody questions the fact that humans are at least partly responsible. Nor are the changes over. Already, humans have increased the concentration of carbon dioxide the most abundant heat-trapping gas in the atmosphere, to 30% above pre-industrial levels--and each year the rate of increase gets faster. The obvious conclusion: temperatures will keep going up.
Unfortunately, they may be rising faster and heading higher than anyone expected. By 2100, says the IPCC, average temperatures will increase between 2.5 oF, and 10.4 oF, --more than 50% higher than predictions of just a half-decade ago. That may not seem like much, but consider that it took only a 9 oF, shift to end the last ice age. Even at the low end, the changes could be problematic enough, with storms getting more frequent and intense, droughts more pronounced, coastal areas ever more severely eroded by rising seas, rainfall scarcer on agricultural land and ecosystems thrown out of balance.
But if the rise is significantly larger, the result could be disastrous. With seas rising as much as 3 ft., enormous areas of densely populated land -- coastal Florida, much of Louisiana, the Nile Delta, the Maldives, Bangladesh -- would become uninhabitable. Entire climatic zones might shift dramatically, making central Canada look more like central Illinois, Georgia more like Guatemala. Agriculture would be thrown into turmoil. Hundreds of millions of people would have to migrate out of unlivable regions.
Public health could suffer. Rising seas would contaminate water supplies with salt. Higher levels of urban ozone, the result of stronger sunlight and warmer temperatures, could worsen respiratory illnesses. More frequent hot spells could lead to a rise in heat-related deaths. Warmer temperatures could widen the range of disease-carrying rodents and bugs, such as mosquitoes and ticks, increasing the incidence of dengue fever, malaria, encephalitis, Lyme disease and other afflictions. Worst of all, this increase in temperatures is happening at a pace that outstrips anything the earth has seen in the past 100 million years. Humans will have a hard enough time adjusting, especially in poorer countries, but for wildlife, the changes could be devastating.
Like any other area of science, the case for human-induced global warming has uncertainties -- and like many pro-business lobbyists, President Bush has proclaimed those uncertainties a reason to study the problem further rather than act. But while the evidence is circumstantial, it is powerful, thanks to the IPCC’s painstaking research. The U.N. sponsored group was organized in the late 1980s. Its mission: to sift through climate-related studies from a dozen different fields and integrate them into a coherent picture. “It isn't just the work of a few green people,” says Sir John Houghton, one of the early leaders who at the time ran the British Meteorological Office. “The IPCC scientists come from a wide range of backgrounds and countries.”
Measuring the warming that has already taken place is relatively simple; the trick is unraveling the causes and projecting what will happen over the next century. To do that, IPCC scientists fed a wide range of scenarios involving varying estimates of population and economic growth, changes in technology and other factors into computers. That process gave them about 35 estimates, ranging from 6 billion to 35 billion tons, of how much excess carbon dioxide will enter the atmosphere.
Then they loaded those estimates into the even larger, more powerful computer programs that attempt to model the planet's climate. Because no one climate model is considered definitive, they used seven different versions, which yielded 235 independent predictions of global temperature increase. That's where the range of 2.5 oF, to 10.4 oF, (1.4 oC to 5.8 oC) comes from.
The computer models were criticized in the past largely because the climate is so complex that the limited hardware and software of even a half-decade ago couldn't do an adequate simulation. Today’s climate models, however, are able to take into account the heat-trapping effects not just of CO2 but also of other greenhouse gases, including methane. They can also factor in natural variations in the sun's energy and the effect of substances like dust from volcanic eruptions and particulate matter spewed from smokestacks.
That is one reason the latest IPCC predictions for temperature increase are higher than they were five years ago. Back in the mid-1990s, climate models didn’t include the effects of the El Chichon and Mount Pinatubo volcanic eruptions, which threw enough dust into the air to block out some sunlight and slow down the rate of warming. That effect has dissipated, and the heating should start to accelerate. Moreover, the IPCC noted, many countries have begun to reduce their emissions of sulfur dioxide in order to fight acid rain. But sulfur dioxide particles, too, reflect sunlight; without this shield, temperatures should go up even faster.
The models still aren’t perfect. One major flaw, agree critics and champions alike, is that they don't adequately account for clouds. In a warmer world, more water will evaporate from the oceans and presumably form more clouds. If they are billowy cumulus clouds, they will tend to shade the planet and slow down warming; if they are high, feathery cirrus clouds, they will trap even more heat.
Research by M.I.T. atmospheric scientist Richard Lindzen suggests that warming will tend to make cirrus clouds go away. Another critic, John Christy of the University of Alabama in Huntsville, says that while the models reproduce the current climate in a general way, they fail to get right the amount of warming at different levels in the atmosphere. Neither Lindzen nor Christy (both IPCC authors) doubts, however, that humans are influencing the climate. But they question how much -- and how high temperatures will go. Both scientists are distressed that only the most extreme scenarios, based on huge population growth and the maximum use of dirty fuels like coal, have made headlines.
It won't take the greatest extremes of warming to make life uncomfortable for large numbers of people. Even slightly higher temperatures in regions that are already drought- or flood-prone would exacerbate those conditions. In temperate zones, warmth and increased CO2 would make some crops flourish -- at first. But beyond 3 oF of warming, says Bill Easterling, a professor of geography and agronomy at Penn State and a lead author of the IPCC report, “there would be a dramatic turning point. U.S. crop yields would start to decline rapidly.” In the tropics, where crops are already at the limit of their temperature range, the decrease would start right away.
Even if temperatures rise only moderately, some scientists fear, the climate would reach a “tipping point” -- a point at which even a tiny additional increase would throw the system into violent change. If peat bogs and Arctic permafrost warm enough to start releasing the methane stored within them, for example, that potent greenhouse gas would suddenly accelerate the heat-trapping process.
By contrast, if melting ice caps dilute the salt content of the sea, major ocean currents like the Gulf Stream could slow or even stop, and so would their warming effects on northern regions. More snowfall reflecting more sunlight back into space could actually cause a net cooling. Global warming could, paradoxically, throw the planet into another ice age.
Even if such a tipping point doesn’t materialize, the more drastic effects of global warming might be only postponed rather than avoided. The IPCC’s calculations end with the year 2100, but the warming won’t. World Bank chief scientist, Robert Watson, currently serving as IPCC chair, points out that the CO2 entering the atmosphere today will be there for a century. Says Watson: “If we stabilize [CO2 emissions] now, the concentration will continue to go up for hundreds of years. Temperatures will rise over that time.”
That could be truly catastrophic. The ongoing disruption of ecosystems and weather patterns would be bad enough. But if temperatures reach the IPCC's worst-case levels and stay there for as long as 1,000 years, says Michael Oppenheimer, chief scientist at Environmental Defense, vast ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica could melt, raising sea level more than 30 ft. Florida would be history, and every city on the U.S. Eastern seaboard would be inundated.
In the short run, there's not much chance of halting global warming, not even if every nation in the world ratifies the Kyoto Protocol tomorrow. The treaty doesn’t require reductions in carbon dioxide emissions until 2008. By that time, a great deal of damage will already have been done. But we can slow things down. If action today can keep the climate from eventually reaching an unstable tipping point or can finally begin to reverse the warming trend a century from now, the effort would hardly be futile. Humanity embarked unknowingly on the dangerous experiment of tinkering with the climate of our planet. Now that we know what we're doing, it would be utterly foolish to continue.
Making the Case That Our climate Is Changing
From melting glaciers to rising oceans, the signs are everywhere. Global warming can’t be blamed for any particular heat wave, drought or Deluge, but scientists say a hotter world will make such extreme weather more frequent -- and deadly. Exhibits include:
ANTARCTICA, home to these Adelie penguins, is heating up. The annual melt season has increased up to three weeks in 20 years.
MOUNT KILIMANJARO has lost 75% of its ice cap since 1912. The ice on Africa's tallest peak could vanish entirely within 15 years.
LAKE BAIKAL in eastern Siberia now freezes for the winter 11 days later than it did a century ago.
MONTANA will lose all the glaciers in Glacier National Park by 2070 if their retreat continues at the current rate.
VENEZUELAN mountaintops had six glaciers in 1972. Today only two remain.
Temperatures sizzled from Kansas to New England last May, surprising residents with an unusually early heat wave.
Crops withered and Dallas temperatures topped 100 oF for 29 days straight in a Texas hot spell that struck during the summer of 1998.
India's worst heat shock in 50 years killed more than 2,500 people in May 1998.
Cherry blossoms in Washington bloom seven days earlier in the spring than they did in 1970.
Heavy rains in England and Wales made last fall Britain's wettest three-month period on record.
Fires due to dry conditions and record-breaking heat consumed 20% of Samos Island, Greece, last July.
Floods along the Ohio River in March 1997 caused 30 deaths and at least $500 million in property damage.
Hurricane Floyd brought flooding rains and 130-m.p.h. winds through the Atlantic seaboard in September 1999, killing 77 people and leaving thousands homeless.
Pacific salmon populations fell sharply in 1997 and 1998, when local ocean temperatures rose 6 oF.
Polar bears in Hudson Bay are having fewer cubs, possibly as a result of earlier spring ice breakup.
Coral reefs suffer from the loss of algae that color and nourish them. The process, called bleaching, is caused by warmer oceans.
Diseases like dengue fever are expanding their reach northward in the U.S.
Butterflies are relocating to higher latitudes. The Edith's Checkerspot butterfly of western North America has moved almost 60 miles north in 100 years.
Rising Sea Levels
Cape Hatteras Lighthouse was 1,500 ft. from the North Carolina shoreline when it was built in 1870. By the late 1980s the ocean had crept to within 160 ft., and the lighthouse had to be moved to avoid collapse.
Japanese fortifications were built on Kosrae Island in the southwest Pacific Ocean during World War II to guard against U.S. Marines' invading the beach. Today the fortifications are awash at high tide.
Florida farmland up to 1,000 ft. inland from Biscayne Bay is being infiltrated by salt water, rendering the land too toxic for crops. Salt water is also nibbling at the edges of farms on Maryland's Eastern Shore.
Brazilian shoreline in the region of Recife receded more than 6 ft. a year from 1915 to 1950 and more than 8 ft. a year from 1985 to 1995.
For more information, see the Halexandria Forums.
2003© Copyright Dan Sewell Ward, All Rights Reserved [Feedback] | <urn:uuid:d37cea8f-5376-4530-84f5-e406b0c8a11c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://halexandria.org/dward176.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.949801 | 4,544 | 3.1875 | 3 |
What does Howells mean?
1 relation via Howell: Howel.Creative forms:
(male) Hoells, Honells, ..
(female) Middle name pairings:
Howells Elliott (H.E.), ..
How popular is Howells?
Howells is an unusual first name for males but a very prominent last name for both adults and children (#10363 out of 150436, Top 7%). (2000 U.S. Demographics)
Which version is better?with its source form and related boy names. Howell is the only popular varying form of Howells (not ranked) listed in the Top 2000. This form of Howells was at the apex of its popularity 125 years ago (usage of 0.01%). (2015 Birth Statistics)
Similar NamesRecommended names are Hamell, Harwell, Hawes, Hollis, Homeros, Homerus, Howe, Howlan, Howlen, Hywel, Lowell▼, Nowell, Powell, Rowell and Wells. These names tend to be more commonly used than Howells.See names in meaning and etymology. | <urn:uuid:8f01f5eb-8023-4145-9ae9-d2f29407e069> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/1/Howells | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719784.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00427-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.889557 | 232 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Reasons Germans hate Treaty of Versailles 1919:
- Article 231of the Treaty blames Germany for the cause of the war.
- In 1921 reparations were fixed as 6,600milllion pounds.
- Germanys colonies were handed to League of Nations who gave them to Britain and France to run.
- Air force was stopped
- Army limited to 100,000 soldiers
- Navy limited to 1…
Similar History resources: | <urn:uuid:5afc611f-05c8-455b-bb0e-e45fa36ec120> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://getrevising.co.uk/revision-notes/weimar-germany-strengthsandweaknesses-treaty-of | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00328-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952847 | 92 | 3.09375 | 3 |
Chubb Park Ranch
With its magnificent mountain scenery, world renowned whitewater rafting, and welcoming community, central Colorado’s Chaffee County has become a popular tourist destination and location for second homes. With property prices being driven sky high, area ranchers are facing land inheritance taxes that their ranching operations cannot support.
In late 2009, The Trust for Public Land helped permanently protect 507 acres of the Cogan Ranch—family-owned since 1892. Along with support from the Land Trust of the Upper Arkansas, Great Outdoors Colorado, the Colorado Division of Wildlife, and Chaffee County, the Cogans placed a conservation easement on part of their property. Working together, our efforts have helped the Cogans continue to support their family through ranching, while also ensuring that their high mountain meadow will remain unspoiled for the next 100 years and beyond. | <urn:uuid:d8224518-e396-4705-ba00-f327b1d122b9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.tpl.org/our-work/chubb-park-ranch | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280899.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00576-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946574 | 181 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Ottawa, April 10th, 2003. The Toronto Star was the winner of the 2002 Michener Award for meritorious public service journalism. The Star won the award for ‘Investigation into Race and Crime’, a series of reports that showed the Toronto police department treated blacks differently than whites in the world’s most ethnically diverse city.
The Toronto newspaper was among six finalists honoured in a ceremony at Rideau Hall. Jim Rankin, representing the Star, accepted the award from Her Excellency, Adrienne Clarkson during a ceremony held at Rideau Hall in Ottawa. Citations of Merit were presented to five other newspapers. The Governor General said that “all six finalists have every right tonight to be nominated for the Michener Award. They show how freedom of speech really matters to us and how that freedom commits editors and publishers to public service”. (full text of her award night address)
The Toronto Star series began in 1999 with reporters questioning the collection by Toronto police of race-based numbers. The paper reached a milestone in May 2002 when the police released a database of 480,000 arrests and tickets and a further 800,000 charges. Reporters and experts used computer-assisted analysis of the data to document unequal police treatment of blacks and whites in the world’s most culturally diverse city. Reports were published in October and November 2002. The Ontario Human Rights Commission announced an inquiry into racial profiling. Former Lieutenant Governor Lincoln Alexander convened a summit meeting of community leaders. The Ontario Solicitor General announced a review of the public complaints system. The Toronto police chief announced a race relations outreach program. The effects of the series continue.
The judges said all six finalists for the Michener Award (selected from 41 entries), provided excellent examples of public benefit that resulted from publication of the stories. The judges decided against singling out any one entry for honorary mention as the runner-up.
The Michener Award recognizes outstanding and disinterested public service in journalism. It is presented annually to a news organization – newspapers, broadcasting stations and networks, news agencies and periodicals are eligible—rather than an individual.
2003 Michener-Deacon Fellowship:
The Governor General presented the 2003 Michener-Deacon Fellowship to Margaret Munro, science writer with The National Post. Ms Munro will use her 4-month study leave to travel from her base in Vancouver to other major cities across the country, contact research companies and interview doctors, ethicists and patients. She will examine, among other issues, potential conflicts of interest and ethical challenges arising from the pharmaceutical industry’s funding of medical research. (Click here for more on her fellowship and her report)
Citations of Merit were awarded to:
The London Free Press, for solid and persistent city hall reporting that exposed widespread abuses. These included secret overtime payments and buyouts to senior staff, the failure of managers to keep minutes of meetings, neglect of anti-sexual harassment policy, and the wielding of power by unaccountable bureaucrats that rightly belonged to elected councillors. Three reporters were assigned to the stories and many other staff members participated with columns, editorials, pictures and cartoons. The intense coverage prompted the departure of London’s Acting City Manager and a shake-up in the City’s administrative practices undertaken by City Council. Unusually strong interest has been shown in challenging the mayor and council in the next election.
The Ottawa Citizen, for Drug Habits: Behind Canada’s Giant Rx Bill, a seven-part series that undertook to answer the question, What is driving drug costs to record levels? Three reporters examined the practice of prescribing new, aggressively marketed, expensive drugs that are not necessarily more effective than cheaper options. They showed that some popular and expensive drugs are not nearly as effective as their manufacturers claim. The series looked at Canada’s restrictive patent laws and the politics behind them. The impact of direct-to-consumer advertising by drug companies was scrutinized. After the series was published Health Minister Anne McLellan decided against introducing direct-to-consumer advertising.
The Globe and Mail, for reporting on questionable government spending and impropriety. In early January of 2002, the Globe and Mail published charges that the Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada and staff members repeatedly tried to influence the commercial dealings of Canada Lands Co. and obtain jobs for friends. On March 11, the paper reported the government paid a favoured advertising agency $550,000 to produce a report of which no trace could be found. In October, a two-part series was published which detailed how a cozy network of insiders squandered taxpayers’ money on federal contracts following the 1995 Quebec referendum. The Auditor General said federal bureaucrats who were involved broke “just about every rule in the book.” She referred the matter to the RCMP whose investigation is continuing.
La Presse (Montreal), for a series of reports which examined homeless issues in depth following an eviction of homeless persons from their place of refuge on Notre Dame St. in Montreal. The newspaper began by exploring how and why certain individuals find themselves obliged to spend their winters on city streets. The reports helped to elucidate clearly the reality which is both as widespread as it is misunderstood. La Presse demonstrated that existing resources are inadequate make a difference. At first the issue was considered to be an inevitable result of de-institutionalization as well as the character of those without shelter. These articles helped mobilize Montreal’s political will to apply the necessary funds and innovative programs which address homelessness effectively. To address the subject in a more global way journalists analyzed how Paris, London and Toronto deal with the problem.
The Edmonton Journal, for Lost Children of Hobbema, a series that brought into stark focus the tragic circumstances that led to the deaths of seven children in three years on the oil-rich Samson First Nation Reserve. Three Journal reporters won the confidence of residents on the reserve to get their stories.
The results showed the impact of federal, provincial, and band policy and practices – including trust-fund cheques for 18-year-olds – on the lives of native children. The series demonstrated that serious problems faced by band welfare agencies were not detected by the Alberta Children’s Services department before it was too late. The department has changed its policy and every agreement with band agencies is scrutinized to ensure the department is aware of potential problems before tragedy strikes.
Michener Award Night Photo Gallery
Judges for the 2002 Michener Award:
David Humphreys (chair of judging, Michener Awards Foundation), former managing editor, The Albertan and The Ottawa Journal; Arch MacKenzie, former Ottawa Bureau Chief, The Canadian Press and The Toronto Star; Dr. Catherine McKercher, former Washington correspondent, The Canadian Press, associate professor of journalism and communications, Carleton University; Duncan McMonagle, former editor-in-chief, Winnipeg Free Press; René Roseberry, former news editor, Le Nouvelliste, Trois Rivières and President of the Grands Prix des Hebdos du Quebec.
The Michener Award is unique because of its emphasis on the impact of the journalism for the public good, plus recognition of the resources available to the entrant in an effort to put smaller and larger organization on a more equal footing. | <urn:uuid:27c2537a-0493-4133-b573-a6e74520c22c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.michenerawards.ca/english/winaward/toronto-star-wins-2002-michener-award-for-reporting-on-race-and-crime/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00355-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962173 | 1,499 | 2.015625 | 2 |
In modern times, a business owner needs to think digitally. Mobile apps and other kinds of custom software solutions are a way to get along with requirements and behavioral patterns of today’s society. If you decide to stay aside from this digital transformation, your business might not survive in the nearby future. Custom software development companies are there to help you avoid such faith. Want to know more?
A custom software solution
Custom software developers are people with skills required to plan, build, test and maintain software products designed specifically for particular business projects. Depending on your demands, a custom software development company can deliver solutions for both internal uses and those that are supposed to be handled by your customers. It is very important that such products have online capacity and can run fast on many different devises. They also must have a reliable and user-friendly interface. Put all that together, and you will get a ticket for your firm’s survival. Without an app, it might be considered noncompliant with a modern way of life. It’s that simple.
Hiring software engineers also can improve the overall intelligence of your business processes. What we mean here, is a set of digital tools that accumulate data, analyze it, calculate predictions of possible outcomes which are delivered to you personally or a project manager. He or she can use this information and make better decisions regarding current events, resource management and future endeavors. So, a custom-made enterprise software is an efficient way to enhance productivity and quality of a general workflow.
The price of custom software development services
The progress is in your reach. Although creating and maintaining software products might seem a very expensive service, it is not that scary if you take a better look. Modern nearhsore software development companies have more than one software developer on board and most of them are outsourced from abroad. That definitely puts the price tag a bit lower than usually expected, delivering great quality of services at the same time.
It is impossible, however, to determine a price range at this point. The thing is, the custom software development process is always unique to a certain situation. The price depends on complexity, usage, and aesthetics as well. The best way to find out what costs to expect is to follow the links provided above and simply ask there. An inquiry is always a good first step. | <urn:uuid:aa035e75-659a-4437-9f14-4c79e05fbb73> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://henof.com/custom-software-development-company-what-can-it-do-for-you/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.950183 | 473 | 1.6875 | 2 |
Delphin’s data loggers have been further enhanced with GPS sensors. GPS signals can be received via the GPS sensor serially connected to a Delphin data logger. The sensor records GPS data (according to the NEMA protocol) allowing the Delphin device to compute, independently and online, longitudes and latitudes (positional determination) as well as speed. This GPS data is then available as a software channel and can also be combined with measurement data as required. Consequently, a direct relationship is then established between positional and measurement data.
The ProfiSignal Go software can be used to monitor the data online and evaluate it later offline. The measurement and positional data can be directly merged into Google Earth (e.g. position, speed, consumption, performance).
- Time-synchronized acquisition of GPS positional and measurement data
- Absolute, precision time-synchronization for independent measurement applications
- Mobile use in vehicles using a 12 VDC power supply
- Scalable solutions from 1 to 1000 measurement channels
- Evaluation of measurement data using ProfiSignal or Google Earth
- GPS and combined measurement data acquisition in trains
- GPS data logger in vehicles (cars, trucks, etc.)
- In flight testing measurements
- Diagnosis of effects with positionally changing machinery
- Monitoring hired machinery
- Measurements in field trials (forklifts, tractors, construction equipment, etc.)
- Field trials for alternative drive systems in vehicles
Example – Conductivity measurement with combined GPS positional data
At a research institute for vegetable and ornamental plants, the conductivity in soil is measured for research purposes. A specially developed vehicle travels across the experimental area with a rolling electrode system. This feeds alternating currents into one axle and measures its return at several other axles. In this scenario, the Expert Vibro measurement data acquisition system simultaneously records the process data and GPS coordinates. The results can then be directly observed during measurement. ProfiSignal is used to read-out data from the device memory and immediately portray it in coloured XY diagrams. | <urn:uuid:e855ec46-4eeb-4275-95ee-e94cec29e1ce> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://daqlogsystems.co.uk/data-loggers-with-gps-sensors/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.906293 | 430 | 2.296875 | 2 |
Passage across a border wrenches us from a space of citizenship — where our individual being is cloaked in layers of legal protection — to a space where we experience at once freedom and nothingness. As architects and planners, we lack the language for describing this shift in the perception and socio-political dimension of place; for distinguishing between the place of the citizen and the place of the stranger within the space of the state. — Places Journal
In an essay on Places titled "Hospitality Begins at Home," architect and Pratt Institute professor Deborah Gans explores the spatial and political dimensions of being a stranger, particularly an immigrant or refugee. She reviews Maya Zack's Living Room exhibition at the Jewish Museum in New York...
SUBMIT NEWS: submit in 60 seconds! | <urn:uuid:19025382-5ba5-4328-a75c-3ef4af28c824> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://archinect.com/news/tag/83393/maya-zack | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718285.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00106-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.907355 | 154 | 2 | 2 |
We've got lots of ways you can save money, including the Direct Debit discount, Cold Weather Payment, Winter Fuel Payment and the Warm Home Discount scheme.
And if you're a pensioner, receive benefits, have a disability or are on a low income, there's extra support available to help you manage your energy bills. Find out more about our Priority Services Register.
Cold Weather Payment
You may be entitled to the Government's Cold Weather Payment if you're getting certain benefits. If you qualify, you'll get a payment when your local temperature is either recorded as, or forecast to be an average of zero degrees Celsius (or below) over seven days in a row.
Winter Fuel Payment
The government pays the Winter Fuel Payment (sometimes called Winter Fuel Allowance). You can claim it if you're over a certain age and on certain benefits.
You might get it automatically or you may need to apply.
We've put some more information about the Winter Fuel Payment in an article linked below.
Warm Home Discount scheme
The Warm Home Discount scheme is a Government scheme that offers financial help to low income and vulnerable households. Take a look to see if you're eligible and download an application form. | <urn:uuid:5516b20c-2a82-4001-b084-72c204cd7e0d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sse.co.uk/help/bills-and-paying/extra-help-paying-your-bills | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00470.warc.gz | en | 0.904773 | 247 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Today Rainforest Action Network (RAN) urged the City of San Francisco to cut ties with Bank of America, calling for the city to review its contracts with Bank of America next spring when the city re-opens bidding for its service agreements. As the Occupy movement exposes the current public anger with banks, Bank of America has risen as one of the most distrusted in the country.
RAN underscored the importance that the City of San Francisco does business with a bank whose investments support a healthy and stable future. Recently, RAN research exposed that Bank of America is the lead financier of the coal industry as well as being the lead forecloser of American homes. RAN has called on the bank to fulfill its commitment to fund clean energy solutions like wind and solar, and abandon its massive coal welfare program. In the last year alone, the company spent nearly $4 billion in financing for the coal industry.
David Taylor, RAN's Online Organizer, delivered the below statement at San Francisco's City Hall today.
"Today I will speak of the crimes that Bank of America is committing against public and climate health through its relentless financial support of the coal industry.
"Many will speak today about the havoc that the nation’s largest banks have wreaked upon the economy. Others will speak to the devastation that foreclosures are bringing to our communities. On behalf of Rainforest Action Network, today I will speak of the crimes that Bank of America is committing against public and climate health through its relentless financial support of the coal industry.
"At every stage of its life, coal does serious damage. Coal is the number one contributor to climate change, is a leading cause of mercury pollution, and continues to scar mining communities in untold ways.
"Coal-fired power plants have been linked to developmental defects in 300,000 infants born at risk because of their mother's exposure to toxic mercury pollution to coal plants. Asthma rates are skyrocketing in communities exposed to particulates from burning coal, and now one out ten children suffers from asthma. While the U.S. government has taken some positive steps to mandate pollution controls, two thirds of coal-fired plants still lack the technology needed to keep toxic air pollution, like mercury, acid gases and arsenic, out of our air and water.
"Coal is also a threat to our economic security. In 2011, Harvard published a report that found that “the life cycle effects of coal and the waste stream generated are costing the U.S. public a third to over one-half of a trillion dollars annually.
"Look at any part of the lifecycle of coal and you will find that Bank of America has a significant interest. The bank is involved in mountaintop removal mining, continuing the life of old, dirty coal plants, and developing efforts to ship coal overseas to willing buyers.
"Despite its stated commitment to contribute to a “low carbon economy,” Bank of America is the largest underwriter of the coal industry in the U.S., contributing $3.9 billion to the coal sector in 2010.More than any other bank, Bank of America is continuing to prop up a 19th century energy system at the exact time when the twin opportunities of job creation and the transition to a green economy are of paramount concerns.
"In closing, I urge the City of San Francisco to cut ties with Bank of America. This city and this state take pride in being ‘Green Leaders’. California has the strongest climate standard in the U.S. and San Francisco has passed significant measures to promote renewable energy generation, leading our nation on its necessary transition from fossil fuels to a truly sustainable energy future. This is diametrically opposed to Bank of America’s position. Our city’s finance should not be allowed to indirectly prop up the coal industry and contribute to poverty and pollution.
"It is well past time to move our money away from banks that do not reflect our values."
Rainforest Action Network runs hard-hitting campaigns to break North America’s fossil fuels addiction, protect endangered forests and Indigenous rights, and stop destructive investments around the world through education, grassroots organizing, and non-violent direct action. For more information, please visit: www.ran.org | <urn:uuid:b3676898-eea2-4904-a819-fb2c8ff51945> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ran.org/rainforest-action-network-statement-calling-san-francisco-cut-ties-bank-america | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00071-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94797 | 875 | 2.203125 | 2 |
Volkswagen AG's car venture with SAIC Motor Corp plans to make an electric car, joining Nissan, Daimler and other automakers planning green car projects in the world's biggest auto market.
Tantus, which will be produced by Shanghai Volkswagen, is already on a list of approved new vehicles, according to China's Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.
A Shanghai Volkswagen spokesperson declined to comment.
Beijing has declared the electric vehicle industry a top priority, earmarking $1.5 billion a year for the next 10 years to transform the country into one of the leading producers of clean vehicles.
Daimler AG, Nissan Motor and General Motors have all committed to make and sell electric cars in partnership with their local partners. | <urn:uuid:ec9d2677-6d8c-4bf2-8126-483f536ef20c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.electric-vehiclenews.com/2011/09/volkswagen-and-saic-to-make-ev-in-china.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00250-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.917323 | 152 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Halo CME 20121121
|SOHO/LASCO HALO CME 121121
UCMEO 93001 21124 1540/
21121 61600 80230 1381/ 137// 323// 30672
21121 61512 81548 10108 11618 1122/
SOHO/LASCO observed a full symmetric HALO CME on November 21, 2012. Event is
first seen in C2 beginning 16:00 UT with a faint loop with over the South pole. The event
expands to a full halo by 16:36 UT. The event continues into the C3 field beginning
16:30-02:30 UT out to the edge of field at 30 Rsun in the Southeast.
Time/height measurements were marked at 6 points in C2 with speeds of
655.3 Km/sec at pa 138 degrees. The event is marked to 10 points in C3.
Speeds average through both fields to 672.1 Km/sec at PA 138 degrees.
Acceleration -08.30 m/sec^2.
SDO AIA 193 shows a flare of AR 11618 at location [N08,E01] 15:12-15:48 UT. This flare
produces an expanding wave.
STEREO: BEACON data
COR2 B, 16:25 UT in first frame, loop over the West. Only 1 frame before data gap till 00:40 UT.
EUVI B 195, n/a
COR2 A, 14:54-20:24 UT Data gap. n/a
EUVI A 195, n/a
NOAA reports a M3.5 Xray flare 15:10-15:30-15:38 UT from AR 11618.
The observation of this event is considered 'FAIR'. This CME is determined FRONTSIDED.
Images and movies and time/height information for this event is available on the web at:
Solar Heliospheric Observatory
EIT and LASCO Operations
NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center, USA
|SOHO/LASCO C2 Diff
||SOHO/LASCO C3 Diff | <urn:uuid:f09349a4-eb0e-47fd-8cf3-f55ad0e50ce9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://umbra.nascom.nasa.gov/lasco/observations/halo/2012/121121/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00039-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.678603 | 472 | 1.625 | 2 |
ERIC Number: ED058127
Record Type: RIE
Publication Date: 1970
Reference Count: 0
Planning for an Ecology-Action Unit/Course.
Lee, Leroy; And Others
The purpose of these plans, developed by biology teachers, social studies teachers, and high school students, are: 1) to develop a systematic method of becoming informed on issues not solely based within traditional disciplines; 2) to provide students with an opportunity to help determine the direction and content of their studies; 3) to aid in expanding the traditional view of learning as a classroom activity; and, 4) to redefine teaching-learning roles to allow individual goal setting, self evaluation, and use of community resources. An introduction sets out the general context of ecological study, the assumptions on which the unit is based, and the general purpose of the course. The unit is lab and problem centered, and is built around an issue of the individual student's selection. The course is structured into two separate phases, the second one optional but highly desirable. Possible objectives of the course are listed, the framework of the course is discussed, and several pages show the suggested organizational frameworks in chart form. They include: an interdisciplinary course; a unit within biology or social studies; an interdisciplinary unit taught in both biology and social studies courses. Some ideas are discussed for differentiating between an area of environmental concern and specific envrionmental problems. (JLB)
Descriptors: Affective Objectives, Biology, Community Action, Community Resources, Curriculum Guides, Ecology, Environmental Education, Experiential Learning, Interdisciplinary Approach, Secondary Education, Social Studies, Student Centered Curriculum, Student Participation, Student Projects, Teacher Developed Materials, Values
Publication Type: N/A
Education Level: N/A
Authoring Institution: Madison Public Schools, WI. | <urn:uuid:35d17778-f0b2-41a5-9841-18353319f828> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED058127 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281649.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00436-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.906658 | 384 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Say you had a universe, like our own in every way except that the total matter in existance was one single atom. Now say you introduced another atom of roughly the same dimensions into this universe as far from the original atom as spacially possible. How long, if any time at all, would it take for either atom to "observe" the existance of the other? Meaning: Is the force of gravity an instantaneous force, or does the force travel ie... as in a gravity wave? If the atoms are say 100 million light years apart, would either be aware of the other's existance untill 100 million years after the 2nd atom was introduced, or would they somehow instantly experiance the distortion of spacetime due to each others mass? Would they be able to "feel" each other before they could "see" each other? | <urn:uuid:bd7364df-9d0f-471b-9f53-bac52cd4a901> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/an-interesting-scenario.228456/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00433-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964575 | 173 | 2.28125 | 2 |
A Troubled Iraq War Vet Returns Home in Roxana Robinson’s ‘Sparta’
How do you return from war? That was the question Roxana Robinson set out to answer in her new novel, Sparta. She spoke to Jane Ciabattari about how she researched the experiences of veterans—and why she used that title.
Roxana Robinson’s haunting new novel, Sparta, is a harrowing account of an Iraq War veteran’s homecoming. Robinson is author of four previous novels, a critically acclaimed biography of Georgia O’Keeffe, and three distinguished short-story collections. Over lunch in midtown New York, she told me that she read extensively while working on the book and spent four years interviewing Iraq War veterans. Getting to know the soldiers, she said, was a “like moving to a new country: I found myself in the middle of it, and then I wanted to learn the language and the culture and everything there was to know about the people.” Here’s more from our conversation.
Why did you choose to write your new novel from the perspective of Conrad, a 26-year-old Marine returning from tours of duty in Ramadi and Haditha?
Six or seven years ago I read an article about our troops in Iraq—how they were being sent out in unarmored vehicles, and being blown up by IEDs, and receiving traumatic brain injuries as a result. These were often undiagnosed, partly because the military was reluctant to remove troops from combat and partly because treatment was expensive. I just couldn’t get those three things out of my mind: the unarmored vehicles, the injuries, and the reluctance to treat. It was clear that we weren’t really protecting our troops. This made me wonder about the consequences of this war. So that article was the beginning. It was a new world for me—I’m a Quaker. I hardly even knew anyone who was in the military.
Conrad is a Marine officer who joined up in 2001, while he was a classics major in college. “The classical writers love war, that’s their main subject,” he tells his parents. “Being a soldier was the whole deal, the central experience. Sparta, the Peloponnesian War, the Iliad. Thucydides, Homer, Tacitus.” What was the meaning of ancient Sparta to you as you worked on this book?
My first encounter with the connection between the Marines and the ancient world was in a memoir called One Bullet Away, by Nathaniel Fick. Fick was a classics major at Dartmouth, and he became a Marine lieutenant in Iraq, and the combination fascinated me. As I learned more about Marine culture, I was intrigued to learn that Fick was not alone. References to the classics are rife among Marines, and their culture is full of intellectual threads: Marines are very conscious of their ancient forebears. They read the classics. One of Fick’s enlisted men was reading The Iliad during their trek across the desert toward Baghdad. The Spartans (who are the attackers in The Iliad) are commonly used by Marines as references to a heroic-warrior culture—they name their units the Spartans and their combat outposts Sparta. And the word “Sparta” is sometimes used as an adjective to mean “awesome.” Sparta itself is a very present and powerful idea among Marines.
Was Conrad's postwar trauma connected to the locations where he’d served?
I used Ramadi and Haditha because they were both dangerous and deadly, both of them centers of mujahedin resistance. Ramadi was the site of a sudden and ferocious citywide jihadi attack on Allied forces in the spring of 2004, and it saw some of the worst fighting of the war. Haditha is a small town in western Iraq, near the border of Syria. It was a stronghold of resistance, and in 2005 it was full of Islamic fundamentalists who had moved in to enforce brutal religious rule. Public whippings and executions were common, and the insurgents were extremely hostile to the Allied forces. During the summer a series of lethal IEDs killed Marines, and it was rumored that one Marine was taken alive and tortured. In the fall a huge IED killed a Marine and wounded several others. Immediately afterward was the shooting of 24 unarmed civilians, including women, children, and an old man in a wheelchair, by the Marines. This tragedy—all of it, the brutal suppression of the community, the lethal IEDs, and the massacre of the civilians by our troops—seemed to me to represent the deep black heart of this conflict. These Marines were based in a combat outpost they’d named Sparta.
How did the Marines you interviewed describe the homecoming process?
The reentry process was different for everyone, just as the war experience was different. But for many it was brutal—there was such a huge divide between the life they’d been living and the life back at home. One of the things that was so devastating was the fact that civilians didn’t even know there was a divide. The vets were helpless—helpless to articulate it, helpless to do anything about it, helpless to remake themselves into civilians. In some cases they couldn’t do it, couldn’t become civilians again, couldn’t envision living that sort of life again. In some cases they reenlisted, and in the worst of them, they took their own lives.
The biggest issue seemed to be the experiential gap between them. American civilians had no idea of how the vets had been living—that vets had based their daily lives on such different premises for the last four years. In America, most people don’t think daily about the questions of death and survival, honor and loyalty. But in Iraq, death was a constant presence. And it wasn’t just the fact of confronting death, it was also being in a continuing state of anxiety, and moral turmoil, and sometimes despair, and physical exhaustion, and utter boredom. In America, civilians didn’t know about any of this, or if they did, they didn’t know how to acknowledge it. Vets felt they had to protect themselves from conversations that devalued or trivialized what they’d been through: most civilians were either frightened, titillated, or indifferent to the subject. For the vets it became increasingly painful, and finally devastating, to realize how little civilians knew or understood about what had happened in Iraq.
When Conrad returns to civilian life in May 2006, he faces a barrage of symptoms—fear, insomnia, flashes of rage, flashbacks, headaches, nightmares, a sense of purposelessness. To what extent do you think his reactions are connected with this particular war?
I think coming home from any war means a huge letdown and a sense of purposelessness: it’s like being fired. You no longer have your job. You lose a sense of identity—though it’s much more than that. You thought you were fighting on behalf of the people at home, but after months or years of adrenaline and fear and exhaustion, you return to realize that no one knew or understood what you’d done. And what you’ve been has vanished. You are no longer that person. You must make yourself up new. And in some cases, what a soldier has gone through means he has been irrevocably changed, and the person he used to be can’t come home again. | <urn:uuid:4b74ee26-592f-4675-91ed-bcb897cdaec6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/06/03/a-troubled-iraq-war-vet-returns-home-in-roxana-robinson-s-sparta.print.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281649.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00436-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.980911 | 1,589 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Network Working Group J. Moy, Editor Request for Comments: 1245 Proteon, Inc. July 1991 OSPF protocol analysis Status of this Memo This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify any Internet standard. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Please send comments to firstname.lastname@example.org. Abstract This is the first of two reports on the OSPF protocol. These reports are required by the IAB/ IESG in order for an Internet routing protocol to advance to Draft Standard Status. OSPF is a TCP/IP routing protocol, designed to be used internal to an Autonomous System (in other words, OSPF is an Interior Gateway Protocol). Version 1 of the OSPF protocol was published in RFC 1131. Since then OSPF version 2 has been developed. Version 2 has been documented in RFC 1247. The changes between version 1 and version 2 of the OSPF protocol are explained in Appendix F of RFC 1247. It is OSPF Version 2 that is the subject of this report. This report attempts to summarize the key features of OSPF V2. It also attempts to analyze how the protocol will perform and scale in the Internet. 1.0 Introduction This document addresses, for OSPF V2, the requirements set forth by the IAB/IESG for an Internet routing protocol to advance to Draft Standard state. This requirements are briefly summarized below. The remaining sections of this report document how OSPF V2 satisfies these requirements: o What are the key features and algorithms of the protocol? o How much link bandwidth, router memory and router CPU cycles does the protocol consume under normal conditions? o For these metrics, how does the usage scale as the routing environment grows? This should include topologies at least an order
of magnitude larger than the current environment. o What are the limits of the protocol for these metrics? (I.e., when will the routing protocol break?) o For what environments is the protocol well suited, and for what is it not suitable? 1.1 Acknowledgments The OSPF protocol has been developed by the OSPF Working Group of the Internet Engineering Task Force. 2.0 Key features of the OSPF protocol This section summarizes the key features of the OSPF protocol. OSPF is an Internal gateway protocol; it is designed to be used internal to a single Autonomous System. OSPF uses link-state or SPF-based technology (as compared to the distance-vector or Bellman-Ford technology found in routing protocols such as RIP). Individual link state advertisements (LSAs) describe pieces of the OSPF routing domain (Autonomous System). These LSAs are flooded throughout the routing domain, forming the link state database. Each router has an identical link state database; synchronization of link state databases is maintained via a reliable flooding algorithm. From this link state database, each router builds a routing table by calculating a shortest-path tree, with the root of the tree being the calculating router itself. This calculation is commonly referred to as the Dijkstra procedure. Link state advertisements are small. Each advertisement describes a small pieces of the OSPF routing domain, namely either: the neighborhood of a single router, the neighborhood of a single transit network, a single inter-area route (see below) or a single external route. The other key features of the OSPF protocol are: o Adjacency bringup. Certain pairs of OSPF routers become "adjacent". As an adjacency is formed, the two routers synchronize their link state databases by exchanging database summaries in the form of OSPF Database Exchange packets. Adjacent routers then maintain syn- chronization of their link state databases through the reliable flooding algorithm. Routers connected by serial lines always become adjacent. On multi-access networks (e.g., ethernets or X.25 PDNs), all routers attached to the network become adjacent to both the Designated Router and the Backup Designated router. o Designated router. A Designated Router is elected on all multi-access networks (e.g., ethernets or X.25 PDNs). The network's Designated
Router originates the network LSA describing the network's local environment. It also plays a special role in the flooding algorithm, since all routers on the network are synchronizing their link state databases by sending and receiving LSAs to/from the Designated Router during the flooding process. o Backup Designated Router. A Backup Designated Router is elected on multi-access networks to speed/ease the transition of Designated Routers when the current Designated Router disappears. In that event, the Backup DR takes over, and does not need to go through the adjacency bringup process on the LAN (since it already had done this in its Backup capacity). Also, even before the disappearance of the Designated Router is noticed, the Backup DR will enable the reliable flooding algorithm to proceed in the DR's absence. o Non-broadcast multi-access network support. OSPF treats these networks (e.g., X.25 PDNs) pretty much as if they were LANs (i.e., a DR is elected, and a network LSA is generated). Additional configuration information is needed however for routers attached to these network to initially find each other. o OSPF areas. OSPF allows the Autonomous Systems to be broken up into regions call areas. This is useful for several reasons. First, it provides an extra level of routing protection: routing within an area is protected from all information external to the area. Second, by splitting an Autonomous System into areas the cost of the Dijkstra procedure (in terms of CPU cycles) is reduced. o Flexible import of external routing information. In OSPF, each external route is imported into the Autonomous System in a separate LSA. This reduces the amount of flooding traffic (since external routes change often, and you want to only flood the changes). It also enables partial routing table updates when only a single external route changes. OSPF external LSAs also provide the following features. A forwarding address can be included in the external LSA, eliminating extra-hops at the edge of the Autonomous System. There are two levels of external metrics that can be specified, type 1 and type 2. Also, external routes can be tagged with a 32-bit number (the external route tag; commonly used as an AS number of the route's origin), simplifying external route management in a transit Autonomous System. o Four level routing hierarchy. OSPF has a four level routing hierarchy, or trust model: intra-area, inter-area, external type 1 and external type 2 routes. This enables multiple levels of routing protection, and simplifies routing management in an Autonomous System.
o Virtual links. By allowing the configuration of virtual links, OSPF removes topological restrictions on area layout in an Autonomous System. o Authentication of routing protocol exchanges. Every time an OSPF router receives a routing protocol packet, it authenticates the packet before processing it further. o Flexible routing metric. In OSPF, metric are assigned to outbound router interfaces. The cost of a path is then the sum of the path's component interfaces. The routing metric itself can be assigned by the system administrator to indicate any combination of network characteristics (e.g., delay, bandwidth, dollar cost, etc.). o Equal-cost multipath. When multiple best cost routes to a destination exist, OSPF finds them and they can be then used to load share traffic to the destination. o TOS-based routing. Separate sets of routes can be calculated for each IP type of service. For example, low delay traffic could be routed on one path, while high bandwidth traffic is routed on another. This is done by (optionally) assigning, to each outgoing router interface, one metric for each IP TOS. o Variable-length subnet support. OSPF includes support for variable- length subnet masks by carrying a network mask with each advertised destination. o Stub area support. To support routers having insufficient memory, areas can be configured as stubs. External LSAs (often making up the bulk of the Autonomous System) are not flooded into/throughout stub areas. Routing to external destinations in stub areas is based solely on default. 3.0 Cost of the protocol This section attempts to analyze how the OSPF protocol will perform and scale in the Internet. In this analysis, we will concentrate on the following four areas: o Link bandwidth. In OSPF, a reliable flooding mechanism is used to ensure that router link state databases are remained synchronized. Individual components of the link state databases (the LSAs) are refreshed infrequently (every 30 minutes), at least in the absence of topological changes. Still, as the size of the database increases, the amount of link bandwidth used by the flooding procedure also increases.
o Router memory. The size of an OSPF link state database can get quite large, especially in the presence of many external LSAs. This imposes requirements on the amount of router memory available. o CPU usage. In OSPF, this is dominated by the length of time it takes to run the shortest path calculation (Dijkstra procedure). This is a function of the number of routers in the OSPF system. o Role of the Designated Router. The Designated router receives and sends more packets on a multi-access networks than the other routers connected to the network. Also, there is some time involved in cutting over to a new Designated Router after the old one fails (especially when both the Backup Designated Router and the Designated Router fail at the same time). For this reason, it is possible that you may want to limit the number of routers connected to a single network. The remaining section will analyze these areas, estimating how much resources the OSPF protocol will consume, both now and in the future. To aid in this analysis, the next section will present some data that have been collected in actual OSPF field deployments. 3.1 Operational data The OSPF protocol has been deployed in a number of places in the Internet. For a summary of this deployment, see . Some statistics have been gathered from this operational experience, via local network management facilities. Some of these statistics are presented in the following table: TABLE 1. Pertinent operational statistics Statistic BARRNet NSI OARnet ___________________________________________________________________ Data gathering (duration) 99 hrs 277 hrs 28 hrs Dijkstra frequency 50 min 25 min 13 min External incremental frequency 1.2 min .98 min not gathered Database turnover 29.7 min 30.9 min 28.2 min LSAs per packet 3.38 3.16 2.99 Flooding retransmits 1.3% 1.4% .7% The first line in the above table show the length of time that statistics were gathered on the three networks. A brief description of the other statistics follows:
o Dijkstra frequency. In OSPF, the Dijkstra calculation involves only those routers and transit networks belonging to the AS. The Dijkstra is run only when something in the system changes (like a serial line between two routers goes down). Note that in these operational systems, the Dijkstra process runs only infrequently (the most frequent being every 13 minutes). o External incremental frequency. In OSPF, when an external route changes only its entry in the routing table is recalculated. These are called external incremental updates. Note that these happen much more frequently than the Dijkstra procedure. (in other words, incremental updates are saving quite a bit of processor time). o Database turnover. In OSPF, link state advertisements are refreshed at a minimum of every 30 minutes. New advertisement instances are sent out more frequently when some part of the topology changes. The table shows that, even taking topological changes into account, on average an advertisement is updated close to only every 30 minutes. This statistic will be used in the link bandwidth calculations below. Note that NSI actually shows advertisements updated every 30.7 (> 30) minutes. This probably means that at one time earlier in the measurement period, NSI had a smaller link state database that it did at the end. o LSAs per packet. In OSPF, multiple LSAs can be included in either Link State Update or Link State Acknowledgment packets.The table shows that, on average, around 3 LSAs are carried in a single packet. This statistic is used when calculating the header overhead in the link bandwidth calculation below. This statistic was derived by diving the number of LSAs flooded by the number of (non-hello) multicasts sent. o Flooding retransmits. This counts both retransmission of LS Update packets and Link State Acknowledgment packets, as a percentage of the original multicast flooded packets. The table shows that flooding is working well, and that retransmits can be ignored in the link bandwidth calculation below. 3.2 Link bandwidth In this section we attempt to calculate how much link bandwidth is consumed by the OSPF flooding process. The amount of link bandwidth consumed increases linearly with the number of advertisements present in the OSPF database.We assume that the majority of advertisements in the database will be AS external LSAs (operationally this is true, see ). From the statistics presented in Section 3.1, any particular advertisement is flooded (on average) every 30 minutes. In addition,
three advertisements fit in a single packet. (This packet could be either a Link State Update packet or a Link State Acknowledgment packet; in this analysis we select the Link State Update packet, which is the larger). An AS external LSA is 36 bytes long. Adding one third of a packet header (IP header plus OSPF Update packet) yields 52 bytes. Transmitting this amount of data every 30 minutes gives an average rate of 23/100 bits/second. If you want to limit your routing traffic to 5% of the link's total bandwidth, you get the following maximums for database size: TABLE 2. Database size as a function of link speed (5% utilization) Speed # external advertisements _____________________________________ 9.6 Kb 2087 56 Kb 12,174 Higher line speeds have not been included, because other factors will then limit database size (like router memory) before line speed becomes a factor. Note that in the above calculation, the size of the data link header was not taken into account. Also, note that while the OSPF database is likely to be mostly external LSAs, other LSAs have a size also. As a ballpark estimate, router links and network links are generally three times as large as an AS external link, with summary link advertisements being the same size as external link LSAs. OSPF consumes considerably less link bandwidth than RIP. This has been shown experimentally in the NSI network. See Jeffrey Burgan's "NASA Sciences Internet" report in . 3.3 Router memory Memory requirements in OSPF are dominated by the size of the link state database. As in the previous section, it is probably safe to assume that most of the advertisements in the database are external LSAs. While an external LSA is 36 bytes long, it is generally stored by an OSPF implementation together with some support data. So a good estimate of router memory consumed by an external LSA is probably 64 bytes. So a database having 10,000 external LSAs will consume 640K bytes of router memory. OSPF definitely requires more memory than RIP. Using the Proteon P4200 implementation as an example, the P4200 has 2Mbytes of memory. This is shared between instruction, data and packet buffer memory. The P4200 has enough memory to store 10, 000 external
LSAs, and still have enough packet buffer memory available to run a reasonable number of interfaces. Also, note that while the OSPF database is likely to be mostly external LSAs, other LSAs have a size also. As a ballpark estimate, router links and network links consume generally three times as much memory as an AS external link, with summary link advertisements being the same size as external link LSAs. 3.4 Router CPU Assume that, as the size of the OSPF routing domain grows, the number of interfaces per router stays bounded. Then the Dijkstra calculation is of order (n * log (n)), where n is the number of routers in the routing domain. (This is the complexity of the Dijkstra algorithm in a sparse network). Of course, it is implementation specific as to how expensive the Dijkstra really is. We have no experimental numbers for the cost of the Dijkstra calculation in a real OSPF implementation. However, Steve Deering presented results for the Dijkstra calculation in the "MOSPF meeting report" in . Steve's calculation was done on a DEC 5000 (10 mips processor), using the Stanford internet as a model. His graphs are based on numbers of networks, not number of routers. However, if we extrapolate that the ratio of routers to networks remains the same, the time to run Dijkstra for 200 routers in Steve's implementation was around 15 milliseconds. This seems a reasonable cost, particularly when you notice that the Dijkstra calculation is run very infrequently in operational deployments. In the three networks presented in Section 3.1, Dijkstra was run on average only every 13 to 50 minutes. Since the Dijkstra is run so infrequently, it seems likely that OSPF overall consumes less CPU than RIP (because of RIP's frequent updates, requiring routing table lookups). As another example, the routing algorithm in MILNET is SPF-based. MILNET's current size is 230 nodes, and the routing calculation still consumes less than 5% of the MILNET switches' processor bandwidth . Because the routing algorithm in the MILNET adapts to network load, it runs the Dijkstra process quite frequently (on the order of seconds as compared to OSPF's minutes). However, it should be noted that the routing algorithm in MILNET incrementally updates the SPF-tree, while OSPF rebuilds it from scratch at each Dijkstra calculation OSPF's Area capability provides a way to reduce Dijkstra overhead, if it becomes a burden. The routing domain can be split into areas. The extent of the Dijkstra calculation (and its complexity) is limited to a single
area at a time. 3.5 Role of Designated Router This section explores the number of routers that can be attached to a single network. As the number of routers attached to a network grows, so does the amount of OSPF routing traffic seen on the network. Some of this is Hello traffic, which is generally multicast by each router every 10 seconds. This burden is borne by all routers attached to the network. However, because of its special role in the flooding process, the Designated router ends up sending more Link State Updates than the other routers on the network. Also, the Designated Router receives Link State Acknowledgments from all attached routers, while the other routers just receive them from the DR. (Although it is important to note that the rate of Link State Acknowledgments will generally be limited to one per second from each router, because acknowledgments are generally delayed.) So, if the amount of protocol traffic on the LAN becomes a limiting factor, the limit is likely to be detected in the Designated Router first. However, such a limit is not expected to be reached in practice. The amount of routing protocol traffic generated by OSPF has been shown to be small (see Section 3.2). Also, if need be OSPF's hello timers can be configured to reduce the amount of protocol traffic on the network. Note that more than 50 routers have been simulated attached to a single LAN (see ). Also, in interoperability testing 13 routers have been attached to a single ethernet with no problems encountered. Another factor in the number of routers attached to a single network is the cutover time when the Designated Router fails. OSPF has a Backup Designated Router so that the cutover does not have to wait for the new DR to synchronize (the adjacency bring-up process mentioned earlier) with all the other routers on the LAN; as a Backup DR it had already synchronized. However, in those rare cases when both DR and Backup DR crash at the same time, the new DR will have to synchronize (via the adjacency bring-up process) with all other routers before becoming functional. Field experience show that this synchronization process takes place in a timely fashion (see the OARnet report in ). However, this may be an issue in systems that have many routers attached to a single network. In the unlikely event that the number of routers attached to a LAN becomes a problem, either due to the amount of routing protocol traffic or the cutover time, the LAN can be split into separate pieces (similar to splitting up the AS into separate areas).
3.6 Summary In summary, it seems like the most likely limitation to the size of an OSPF system is available router memory. We have given as 10,000 as the number of external LSAs that can be supported by the memory available in one configuration of a particular implementation (the Proteon P4200). Other implementations may vary; nowadays routers are being built with more and more memory. Note that 10,000 routes is considerably larger than the largest field implementation (BARRNet; which at 1816 external LSAs is still very large). Note that there may be ways to reduce database size in a routing domain. First, the domain can make use of default routing, reducing the number of external routes that need to be imported. Secondly, an EGP can be used that will transport its own information through the AS instead of relying on the IGP (OSPF in this case) to do transfer the information for it (the EGP). Thirdly, routers having insufficient memory may be able to be assigned to stub areas (whose databases are drastically smaller). Lastly, if the Internet went away from a flat address space the amount of external information imported into an OSPF domain could be reduced drastically. While not as likely, there could be other issues that would limit the size of an OSPF routing domain. If there are slow lines (like 9600 baud), the size of the database will be limited (see Section 3.2). Dijkstra may get to be expensive when there are hundreds of routers in the OSPF domain; although at this point the domain can be split into areas. Finally, when there are many routers attached to a single network, there may be undue burden imposed upon the Designated Router; although at that point a LAN can be split into separate LANs. 4.0 Suitable environments Suitable environments for the OSPF protocol range from large to small. OSPF is particular suited for transit Autonomous Systems for the following reasons. OSPF can accommodate a large number of external routes. In OSPF the import of external information is very flexible, having provisions for a forwarding address, two levels of external metrics, and the ability to tag external routes with their AS number for easy management. Also OSPF's ability to do partial updates when external information changes is very useful on these networks. OSPF is also suited for smaller, either stand alone or stub Autonomous Systems, because of its wide array of features: fast convergence, equal-cost-multipath, TOS routing, areas, etc.
5.0 Unsuitable environments OSPF has a very limited ability to express policy. Basically, its only policy mechanisms are in the establishment of a four level routing hierarchy: intra-area, inter-area, type 1 and type 2 external routes. A system wanting more sophisticated policies would have to be split up into separate ASes, running a policy-based EGP between them. 6.0 Reference Documents The following documents have been referenced by this report: Moy, J., "Experience with the OSPF protocol", RFC 1246, July 1991. Moy, J., "OSPF Version 2", RFC 1247, July 1991. Corporation for National Research Initiatives, "Proceedings of the Eighteenth Internet Engineering Task Force", University of British Columbia, July 30-August 3, 1990.
Security Considerations Security issues are not discussed in this memo. Author's Address John Moy Proteon Inc. 2 Technology Drive Westborough, MA 01581 Phone: (508) 898-2800 Email: email@example.com | <urn:uuid:de2ab473-30a9-425d-b44e-eea03b13e55a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.tech-invite.com/y10/tinv-ietf-rfc-1245.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00465-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.919299 | 5,084 | 1.875 | 2 |
The Papers of Benjamin Franklin, Vol. 3
Volume 3, January 1, 1745 through June 30, 1750
Imprint: Yale University Press
Series: The Papers of Benjamin Franklin
This latest volume in the continuing edition of one of America's most versatile citizens shows Franklin's interests, already diversified, beginning to broaden still more, until in 1748 he turns over the active operation of his printing office and newspaper to a partner in order to participate with more freedom in public affairs and scientific investigations.
When in the autumn of 1747 Philadelphia appears threatened by incursions of French and Spanish privateers and the Quaker-controlled Assembly of Pennsylvania does nothing to defend the city, Franklin initiates and leads a movement to create a volunteer militia—the "Association/" The citizens build a battery and borrow canon, and Franklin organizes two lotteries to raise the necessary funds.
In 1749 Franklin sets on foot a scheme for establishing the Academy of Philadelphia, which ultimately becomes the University of Pennsylvania. His pamphlet, "Proposals relation to the Education of Youth in Pennsylvania," here reprinted, is an important statement of his educational views.
On the scientific side, in 1747 Franklin begins a series of letters describing the electrical experiments he and his friends are conducting. The English scientist Peter Collinson reads the letters to the Royal Society, and in 1751 they are printed in London as a pamphlet. In this excursion into basic scientific investigation, Franklin is the first to use the terms "positive" and "negative," "plus" and "minus" as applied to an electrical charge. here, also for the first time, an electric "battery" (Franklin's term) is described.
This volume, containing exactly four times as many documents as that of the Smyth edition for the same period, will appeal to many different kinds of readers. | <urn:uuid:fa23f807-064f-42b9-8ca8-6ef75d0665a8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300006520/the-papers-of-benjamin-franklin-vol-3/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.946986 | 379 | 2.6875 | 3 |
by Staff Writers
Boulder CO (SPX) Nov 18, 2012
Analysis of 90 years of observational data has revealed that summer climates in regions across the globe are changing - mostly, but not always, warming --according to a new study led by a scientist from the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences headquartered at the University of Colorado Boulder.
"It is the first time that we show on a local scale that there are significant changes in summer temperatures," said lead author CIRES scientist Irina Mahlstein. "This result shows us that we are experiencing a new summer climate regime in some regions."
The technique, which reveals location-by-location temperature changes rather than global averages, could yield valuable insights into changes in ecosystems on a regional scale. Because the methodology relies on detecting temperatures outside the expected norm, it is more relevant to understand changes to the animal and plant life of a particular region, which scientists would expect to show sensitivity to changes that lie outside of normal variability.
"If the summers are actually significantly different from the way that they used to be, it could affect ecosystems," said Mahlstein, who works in the Chemical Sciences Division of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Earth System Research Laboratory.
To identify potential temperature changes, the team used climate observations recorded from 1920 to 2010 from around the globe. The scientists termed the 30-year interval from 1920 to 1949 the "base period," and then compared the base period to other 30-year test intervals starting every 10 years since 1930.
The comparison used statistics to assess whether the test interval differed from the base period beyond what would be expected due to yearly temperature variability for that geographical area.
Their analysis found that some changes began to appear as early as the 1960s, and the observed changes were more prevalent in tropical areas. In these regions, temperatures varied little throughout the years, so the scientists could more easily detect any changes that did occur, Mahlstein said.
The scientists found significant summer temperature changes in 40 percent of tropical areas and 20 percent of higher-latitude areas. In the majority of cases, the researchers observed warming summer temperatures, but in some cases they observed cooling summer temperatures.
"This study has applied a new approach to the question, 'Has the temperature changed in local areas?' " Mahlstein said. The study is in press in the journal Geophysical Research Letters, a publication of the American Geophysical Union.
The study's findings are consistent with other approaches used to answer the same question, such as modeling and analysis of trends, Mahlstein said. But this technique uses only observed data to come to the same result. "Looking at the graphs of our results, you can visibly see how things are changing," she said.
In particular the scientists were able to look at the earlier time periods, note the temperature extremes, and observe that those values became more frequent in the later time periods. "You see how the extreme events of the past have become a normal event," Mahlstein said.
The scientists used 90 years of data for their study, a little more than the average lifespan of a human being. So if inhabitants of those areas believe that summers have changed since they were younger, they can be confident it is not a figment of their imagination.
"We can actually say that these changes have happened in the lifetime of a person," Mahlstein said.
Co-authors on the study were Gabriele Hegerl from the University of Edinburgh in Scotland and Susan Solomon from Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
University of Colorado at Boulder
Climate Science News - Modeling, Mitigation Adaptation
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In December 1882, a German scientific commission sent a team of astronomers to Hartford, Connecticut to observe a rare astronomical event. The transit of Venus (when the planet passes between the earth and the sun) occurs in eight-year pairs, and those pairs occur every 121½ or 105½ years. In the 18th and 19th centuries, the transit was an important opportunity for scientists to calculate the distance between the earth and the sun—the basis for the astronomical unit. In 1761, 1769, 1874, and 1882, many countries sponsored scientific expeditions to observe the transits from the best locations around the world.
Hartford played host to four scientists from the 1882 German Imperial Commission. The Germans arrived in Hartford on November 2 in anticipation of the December 6 event, along with 33 cases containing instruments and the parts to build an iron observation dome weighing about seven tons in all. On the south end of the campus at Trinity College, they constructed four buildings containing a heliometer (a telescope used to measure the sun’s diameter) and various other telescopes and instruments. During their time in Hartford (about two months), the four men lived on the Trinity campus in Seabury Hall.
Clouds covered the sky on the morning of December 6, obscuring Venus’s first point of contact with the sun (the “ingress”). Fortunately the weather improved, and the team was able to observe the planet’s transit across the sun until its “egress” from the solar disc, about four hours in total. Trinity students and faculty followed the German operation closely and observed the transit themselves through the college telescope. Outside of Trinity, people constructed their own viewing apparatuses, peering at the sun through colored or “smoked” glass, and a few Hartford men who owned their own telescopes set them up on the streets downtown to let passersby take a peek.
The next pair of transits occurred 121½ years later, in 2004 and 2012. Although new technology such as radar and satellites now allow precise measurements without the help of the transit of Venus, the event still provides useful scientific data. Many people around the world watched the most recent transits through personal telescopes, welder’s masks, or on live webcasts. The next transits of Venus will occur in 2117 and 2125. Who knows -- by then, people may be living on the planet instead of simply watching it. | <urn:uuid:f4b85887-c3c3-47a2-a551-eb7338b3d4e4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://wnpr.org/post/transit-venus-german-scientists-visit-hartford | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285289.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00155-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950154 | 503 | 3.75 | 4 |
For this church:
St Mary and All Saints
Newark and Southwell Deanery
A church is recorded in the lands of Alsige in Shelton and Flawborough, so it is unclear in which place the church was located, however as Shelton is the more prominent it may well have been here.
The present building comprises a nave with south porch and south aisle, chancel, western bellcote, and modern, northern extension. A former west tower was demolished in 1837 and the present bellcote and west wall date from this time. The nave appears to have Norman origins as there is an ex situ 12th century south doorway, very simply carved and which may be an amalgamation of two doorways. The south aisle dates from the early 13th century and there is a fine trefoil-headed piscina of the same date at the south-east end. There is some pre-Conquest carving, ex situ located in the church which probably forms part of a grave-marker or tomb canopy. The chancel was heavily restored, partially rebuilt, and lengthened in 1868-78, when a north vestry was also added, but it retains 13th century lancet windows in the south wall. A late 20th century extension has been made to the north of the nave.
Throsby, writing in 1797, said simply ‘a mean looking place with a tower’.
It is recorded that plays used to be held inside the church up until c1944.
There are two bells hung in the Victorian west bellcote, both by George Hedderly of Nottingham and both dated to 1785, though they may well be recasts of an older pair, details of which have not survived.
This church is currently being researched, a full entry will appear in due course. | <urn:uuid:53240464-658a-4b3f-8691-ae29aad9be45> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://southwellchurches.history.nottingham.ac.uk/shelton/hintro.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280587.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00563-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.981801 | 384 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Following introductory remarks on pursuing a sustainability vision from GE Transportation Global Leader-Market Intelligence and Sustainability Initiatives Joe Williams (top) and Norfolk Southern Vice President and Chief Sustainability Officer Blair Wimbush (second from top), Environmental Defense Fund Senior Vice President Strategy and Communications Eric Pooley (third from top) addressed opportunities for the rail industry to reduce its carbon footprint. He also addressed the electric power generation industry’s gradual shift from burning coal to burning natural gas. This shift, largely driven by increasingly strict U.S. Environmental Protection Agency emissions regulations, has negatively impacted railroad coal traffic, a primary railroad revenue source.
“Even though rail is six times more efficient than trucking, the rail industry has an annual carbon footprint of 35 million metric tons,” Pooley pointed out. “The railroads are making good progress on saving energy, but more needs to be done. It’s important that they share their best practices.”
“There are tremendous opportunities for railroads” Pooley said. For example, in a program he described as “synergy between competitors,”Ocean Spray decreased its carbon footprint, and cut its transportation costs by 40%, by shifting shipments from truck to rail. Ocean Spray is now using empty CSX Tropicana boxcars (the “Orange Juice Train”) in backhaul service to ship its products from New Jersey to Florida.
The shift from coal to natural gas is not a temporary phenomenon. Pooley said that, since 2008, the electric power generation industry has retired 14 GW (gigawatts) of energy derived from burning coal. By 2020, an additional 57 GW is scheduled to be retired. He cautioned, though, that natural gas leakage—from hydraulic fracturing, for example—may be more of a threat to the environment than emissions from burning coal. Consequently, “We need smart, flexible regulations,” he said.
Addressing the role of rail suppliers in sustainability, Stella Jones Corp. Vice President Marketing George Carlic (fourth from top) described how his company has implemented corporate safety practices and created an E&HS (Environmental Health and Safety) department. One key initiative is Stella-Jone’s SHIELD (Safety Health and Improved Environment Leading our Decisions) Program, which has been put in place throughout the company.
Stella-Jones is the largest supplier of treated wood products in North America, with 24 treating facilities, 15 in the U.S., and nine in Canada. “The sustainable wood crosstie is the crosstie of choice for 93% of all North American track applications,” Carlic noted. “Wood acts as a carbon sink, trapping greenhouse gases, and is the only renewable resource” among crosstie materials.
Crosstie treatment and disposal methods have come under environmental scrutiny in recent years. “The majority of wood crossties are treated with creosote, which is derived from the coking process of coal,” Carlic said. “Going forward, we need to develop an alternative to creosote.” One treatment method that has been successful is dual-treating crossties with borate and then creosote. Borate (which is relatively harmless to the environment) is injected first, and after achieving full penetration into the wood, a lesser amount of creosote is injected. This method, he said, uses six pounds of borate vs. eight pounds of creosote, per crosstie. “Reduced creosote retention is an opportunity to eliminate the use of creosote, and increases the potential for crossties as a recycled product.”
Creosote-only-treated crossties installed in the AWPA (American Wood Protection Association) Severe Rot Zone 4-5 were lasting an average of 12 years, Carlic explained. “In the late 1980s, Norfolk Southern installed borate pre-treated crossties in Cordele, Ga.,” he said. “Those ties have been in-track more than 25 years and have no signs of rot or insect attack degradation. All Class I railroads now using borate-treated wood ties.”
Crosstie disposal remains an issue, Carlic noted. With new crossties insertions expected to reach 23.7 million in 2015, about 20 million wood ties are coming out of track per year. Disposal methods have included reuse as relay or landscape ties, recycling ties to energy through co-generation, leaving them along right-of-way (a practice no longer allowed), or disposing of them in a landfill.
Burning old ties in a co-generation plant is becoming increasing difficult, due to new EPA regulations. “The EPA’s Boiler MACT (Maximum Achievable Control Technology) regulation, passed Jan. 31, 2013, is having an effect on co-generation,” Carlic said. “The law, which sets the existing source compliance date as Jan. 31, 2016, in effect designates used crossties as solid waste.” The Railway Tie Association, the Association of American Railroads, and others are working to reverse the law, he added.
“We must work together as an industry when issues arise that affect the sustainability of the products and services we provide,” Carlic concluded. “We achieved re-registration of preservatives. We need another tie disposal method. How do we work together to improve sustainability and cut costs? Sustainability is a powerful topic. In the railroad industry, it’s in its infancy.” Responding to a question from Railway Age about deriving cellulosic ethanol from used ties, Carlic pointed out that, after investigation, the process has been found to be “very expensive at present.”
CSX Assistant Vice President, Environmental Systems and Sustainability Carl Gerhardstein (bottom) talked about the railroad’s integration of CDP (Carbon Disclosure Project) reporting, and sustainability initiatives. (CDP is an international, not-for-profit, U.K.-based organization “providing the only global system for companies and cities to measure, disclose, manage, and share vital environmental information.”)
At CSX, Sustainability “is a business method that ensures safety, efficiency, and responsibility” throughout the railroad, in a manner that protects CSX employees, customers, and communities,” Gerhardstein observed. To minimize CSX’s environmental footprint, the railroad has established a goal of reducing hazardous waste generation at sites 25% by 2020.
One example is the “No Spike Left Behind” program, which started on the Jacksonville Division. Cleanup teams are now assigned to every CSX division to collect used spikes and other used steel items. These efforts not only eliminated waste, they produced $50 million in revenue from scrap steel last year.
CSX has enacted best practices in land remediation efforts, and improved its management practices across 400,000 acres of railroad-owned property on its rights-of-way. The railroad has also improved its water data and inventory collection methods, and reduced its water use by recycling and reusing water. In one project, 15 million gallons rainwater were collected and used for dust control.
CSX supports sustainable development through projects like its new intermodal terminals in Winter Haven, Fla. a CSX Select Site, that employs wide-span electric cranes to reduce onsite diesel emissions, solar energy panels and LED outdoor lighting that decreases power usage by 60%, and 100% recyclable steel ties that work well in within the terminal, but not on line-of-road. | <urn:uuid:b3f5c4f5-0827-4c60-ae4e-43056c340b47> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.railwayage.com/index.php/m_and_w/sustainability-its-not-easy-being-green.html?channel=41 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719079.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00035-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948924 | 1,612 | 1.875 | 2 |
If you are a graduate of a U.S. school system, the words “Remember the Lusitania” may be as vaguely familiar to you as “Remember the Alamo.” And you may be just as fuzzy about the details. We learn roughly that the sinking of the British luxury liner was an act of German aggression that moved the U.S. to enter World War I. That lesson is largely the result of a propaganda effort launched at the time to inflame anti-German sentiments and push the U.S. out of isolationism. But it would take almost two years after the attack before the country entered the war. The Lusitania did not change President Woodrow Wilson’s position. While the “sinking of the Lusitania was a crucial moment in helping to sway the American public in support of the Allied cause,” it was only kept in the public eye by those who wanted the U.S. in the war.
Mainstream U.S. coverage immediately afterward was not overly belligerent. A week after the disaster, in a May 16th, 1915 issue, the Sunday New York Times ran a two-page spread entitled “Prominent Americans Who Lost Their Lives on the S.S. Lusitania.” Two weeks later, another photo spread honored the ship’s dead, reflecting a “panorama of responses to the disaster,” the Library of Congress writes, including “sorrow, heroism, ambivalence, consolation, and anger.”
These were emotional surveys of a tragedy, not investigative journalism of an act of war. “Remarkably,” the attack had “dominated the headlines for only about a week before being overtaken by a newer story.” We might compare this to news of the Titanic disaster three years earlier, credited as “one of the first and most significant international news stories of the 20th century.” There is much about the Lusitania the public did not learn, leading to later accusations of a British Naval Intelligence cover-up.
For one thing, stories reported that the ship had been hit by two torpedoes when there was only one. Immediately after its impact, however, a secondary explosion from inside the ship caused the Lusitania to list perilously to one side (rendering most lifeboats useless) and take on water. Where the Titanic had taken 2 hours and 40 minutes to go down, the Lusitania sank in 18 minutes — as you can see in the real-time animation above — killing approximately 1,200 passengers including around 120 Americans. The second explosion lent credibility to German accusations that the passenger ship was carrying munitions from New York to Britain. (Divers in a 1993 National Geographic expedition found four million U.S.-made Remington bullets on board.) While this could not be proven at the time, the British had taken to hiding arms on passenger ships, and the Lusitania was outfitted to be commandeered for war.
Not only did British authorities put the Lusitania in harm’s way by allowing civilian passengers to sail through blockaded waters in which German submarines had been sinking merchant ships, but passengers knowingly put themselves in danger. The German High Command had warned of attacks in American newspapers in days before the ship set sail. Yet “only a couple of people actually canceled,” says Erik Larson, author of the book Dead Wake: The Last Crossing of the Lusitania. No war at sea or recent memory of the Titanic could dissuade them.
They saw this ship as so fast it could outrun any submarine. They saw it as being so immense, so well built, so safe, and so well equipped with lifeboats in the wake of the Titanic disaster that even if it were hit by a torpedo, no one imagined this thing actually sinking. But no one could imagine a submarine going after the Lusitania in the first place.
Larson’s last point signals the critical difference between this attack and all of those previous: the sinking of the Lusitania was a shocking turning point in the war, even if it didn’t force Wilson’s hand as Churchill hoped. No one had expected it. “In the history of modern warfare,” the Library of Congress notes, the Lusitania signaled “the end of the ‘gentlemanly’ war practice of the nineteenth century and the beginning of a more ominous and vicious era of total warfare.” While the Germans ceased the practice after British outcry, they resumed the targeting of passenger and merchant ships in 1917, finally prompting U.S. involvement. The era that began with the Lusitania continues over a century later. Indeed, the wanton destruction of civilian life no longer seems like tragic collateral damage in current war zones, but the very point of waging modern war. | <urn:uuid:7bf1b037-488b-4f8b-9c9e-0e7f37bad864> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.openculture.com/2022/08/watch-the-sinking-of-the-lusitania-animated-in-real-time-1915.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572215.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815235954-20220816025954-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.967732 | 1,024 | 3.453125 | 3 |
Odd Words October 4, 2015Posted by The Typist in Book Stores, book-signing, books, bookstores, literature, Louisiana, New Orleans, novel, Odd Words, Poetry, reading, spoken word, Toulouse Street, Writing.
This poignant week in literary New Orleans Octavia Books celebrates it’s 15th anniversary as local stalwart Maple Street Books announces it will be closing.
& Monday at 6 pm Octavia Books celebrates the release of Michael Allen Zell latest New Orleans novel, RUN BABY RUN.
Though New Orleans has always been a remarkable setting, few authors can mine its rich veins and still tell a fine tale. Michael Allen Zell does both.”
— David Fulmer, author of the Storyville mysteries
Criminologist Bobby Delery has just returned to New Orleans after decades away, and NOPD is begging for his help to find almost a million dollars stolen from a French Quarter club. He’s only one of many after the money, though. Thieves, church-goers and everyone else ride the sweaty pace from the Ninth Ward to the foot of Canal Street. With Run Baby Run’s compelling mix of gritty realism and dark humor, Michael Allen Zell inaugurates the Bobby Delery series and does for New Orleans what Chester Himes did for Harlem and Dashiell Hammett did for San Francisco.
& Also at 6 pm Monday Garden District Book Shops presents Sybil Haydel Morial presents and signs her new memoir, WITNESS TO CHANGE: From Jim Crow to Political Empowerment. In 1950s New Orleans, a young woman steps into her white tulle gown and glides down the long hallway of her parents’ house into the front garden. Her father, a respected physician, drives her downtown, where she will make her debut into Negro society. Sybil is mesmerized by the debut rituals but cannot help noting their irony in a world where she daily faces the barriers and insults of Jim Crow. So begins WITNESS TO CHANGE by Sybil Haydel Morial. Throughout her memoir, Morial revisits moments—from Brown v. Board of Education to Hurricane Katrina—that have defined her own life, the black community, and the nation. Thirteen years after her debut, Sybil lies sleepless in bed next to her husband, Dutch Morial. Medgar Evers, the NAACP’s Field Secretary, has just been murdered in Mississippi. Dutch, the organization’s New Orleans president, has just received another chilling death threat. In halting whispers, the couple discusses how to protect their three young children. The Morials first become legal, then political, activists. Testing Brown v. Board of Education, Sybil attempts to enroll in graduate school at Tulane and Loyola. She and Dutch challenge a statute restricting political activities of public school teachers. Barred from the League of Women Voters, Sybil forms an organization to help register Negroes held back from voting. After serving as judge and Louisiana legislator, Dutch is elected New Orleans’ first black mayor.WITNESS TO CHANGE reveals Morial as a woman whose intelligence overrides the clichés of racial division. In its pages, we catch rare glimpses of black professionals in an earlier New Orleans, when races, though socially isolated, lived side by side; when social connections helped circumvent Jim Crow; when African American culture forged New Orleans—and American—identity.
& Tuesday at 6 pm Octavia Books also presents Sybil Haydel Morial presents and signs her new memoir, WITNESS TO CHANGE: From Jim Crow to Political Empowerment. See details above.
& On Tuesday at 7 pm the 1718 Society will host a reading by Peter Cooley, recently named poet laureate of Louisiana, at the Columns Hotel. Maple Street Book Shop will be on hand, selling copies of Peter Cooley’s books. With the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans his initial subject, Cooley meditates on transience and mortality as he moves through the landscape of the Gulf South, the sky and his inner weather reflecting one another. Poet and editor Peter Cooley was born and raised in Detroit. He earned a BA at Shimer College, an MA at the University of Chicago, and a PhD at the University of Iowa. He is the author of numerous poetry collections, including Divine Margins (2009), A Place Made of Starlight (2003), and The Astonished Hours (1992). His poems have been widely anthologized in collections such as Best American Poetry (2002) and Poets on Place (2005). Cooley served as poetry editor for the North American Review from 1970 to 2000. He teaches at Tulane University. He lives in New Orleans.
& At 5 pm Wednesday at Tulane University it is the 5th Annual Taste New Orleans, Savor Literacy. an on-campus food gala where local restaurants donate food, we charge one ticket price of $20, and 100% of the proceeds benefit local non-profit Start The Adventure in Reading! STAIR has been working in New Orleans for the past 30 years to reduce the literacy crisis, and has served over 4,000 children in the Greater New Orleans area! Our fundraiser helps to keep the program free to all students who receive services and ensure that STAIR continues for years to come! This event is open to the public, and tickets are available via EventBrite.
& At 6 pm on Wednesday, Maple Street Book Shops features will Margaret Eby, author of South Toward Home, a literary travelogue into the heart of classic Southern literature. What is it about the South that has inspired so much of America’s greatest literature? And why, when we think of Flannery O’Connor or William Faulkner or Harper Lee, do we think of them not just as writers, but as Southern writers? In South Toward Home, Margaret Eby-herself a Southerner-travels through the South in search of answers to these questions, visiting the hometowns and stomping grounds of some of our most beloved authors. From Mississippi (William Faulkner, Eudora Welty, Richard Wright) to Alabama (Harper Lee, Truman Capote) to Georgia (Flannery O’Connor, Harry Crews) and beyond, Eby looks deeply at the places that these authors lived in and wrote about. South Toward Home reveals how these authors took the people and places they knew best and transmuted them into lasting literature.
& Wednesday at 7 pm Reading Between the Wines at Pearl Wine Co. inside of the American Can Company presents: Michael Allen Zell, author of RUN BABY RUN, is a New Orleans-based novelist, essayist, and playwright. Zell’s work has been published in The Los Angeles Review of Books, Cerise Press, Disonare, Entrepot, Exquisite Corpse, NOLA Defender, Room 220, and Sleepingfish. Errata, his first novel, was named a “Top 10 Book of 2012” by The Times Picayune. His first play, What Do You Say to a Shadow?, was named a “Top 10 Play of the Year” in 2013 by The Times Picayune. He has worked as a bookseller since 2001; Michael Pitre, author of FIVES AND TWENTY FIVES, is a graduate of LSU, where he studied with Andrei Codrescu and Mark Jude Poirier. He joined the US Marines in 2002, deploying twice to Iraq and attaining the rank of Captain before leaving the service in 2010 to get his MBA at Loyola. He lives in New Orleans. Fives and Twenty-Fives is his first novel; and, David Armand, author of THE GORGE, has worked as a drywall hanger, a draftsman, and as a press operator in a flag printing factory. He now teaches at Southeastern Louisiana University, where he also serves as associate editor for Louisiana Literature Press. His first two novels were THE PUGILIST’S WIFE and HARLOW. He has a chapbook, THE DEEP WOODS, coming out later this year from Blue Horse Press; and his memoir, MY MOTHER’S HOUSE, is forthcoming Spring 2016 from Texas Review Press. David lives with his wife and two children and is working on his sixth book, THE LORD’S ACRE.
& At 7 pm Wednesday Tulane University presents a reading by Danielle Evans, Zale-Kimmerling Visiting Writer. Evans is the author of the short-story collection Before You Suffocate Your Own Fool Self, which was a co-winner of the 2011 PEN American Robert W. Bingham Prize for a first book, a National Book Foundation 5 under 35 selection for 2011, the winner of the 2011 Paterson Prize for Fiction and the 2011 Hurston-Wright award for fiction, and an honorable mention for the 2011 PEN/Hemingway award. It was named one of the best books of 2010 by Kirkus Reviews and O Magazine, and longlisted for The Story Prize.A graduate of Columbia University and the Iowa Writers’ Workshop, her stories have appeared in The Paris Review, A Public Space, Callaloo, The Best American Short Stories 2008 and 2010, and New Stories from the South. She teaches in the Creative Writing Program at the University of Wisconsin, Madison.
& Also at 7 pm Wednesday the Tennessee Williams Festival and Jefferson Parish Library launches their annual Coffee and Conversation series with George Washington Carver: A Life, by Christina Vella at the East Jefferson Regional Library. Nearly every American can cite at least one of the accomplishments of George Washington Carver. The many tributes honoring his contributions to scientific advancement and black history include a national monument bearing his name, a U.S.-minted coin featuring his likeness, and induction into the National Inventors Hall of Fame. Born into slavery, Carver earned a master’s degree at Iowa State Agricultural College and went on to become that university’s first black faculty member. A keen painter who chose agricultural studies over art, he focused the majority of his research on peanuts and sweet potatoes. His scientific breakthroughs with the crops both of which would replenish the cotton-leached soil of the South helped spare multitudes of sharecroppers from poverty. Despite Carver’s lifelong difficulties with systemic racial prejudice, when he died in 1943, millions of Americans mourned the passing of one of the nation’s most honored and well-known scientists. Scores of children’s books celebrate the contributions of this prolific botanist, but no biographer has fully examined both his personal life and career until now. Christina Vella offers a thorough biography of George Washington Carver, including in-depth details of his relationships with his friends, colleagues, supporters, and those he loved. Despite the exceptional trajectory of his career, Carver was not immune to the racism of the Jim Crow era or the privations and hardships of the Great Depression and two world wars. Yet throughout this tumultuous period, his scientific achievements aligned him with equally extraordinary friends, including Teddy Roosevelt, Mohandas Gandhi, Henry A. Wallace, and Henry Ford.
& Wednesday, at 8 pm the Blood Jet Poetry Series welcomes poets Todd Cirillo and Marcella Durand. As always grab a bite to eat before the show at BJs in the Bywater, and bring work to share at the open mic. We are reading Alice Notley’s Disobedience this season as well. Durand is the author of Deep Eco Pré (with Tina Darragh), AREA, Traffic & Weather and Western Capital Rhapsodies. She has written, taught and talked about the potential intersections of poetry and ecology in a number of venues, including the (eco(lang)(uage (reader), ecopoetics, and Jacket2. Her published translations from French include poems by Charles Baudelaire, Marcel Proust, Nicole Brossard and Michèle Métail. At present, she is working on a book length poem written in alexandrines, titled In this world previous to ours, and a collection of poems, titled Rays of the Shadow. Cirillo is co-editor of Six Ft. Swells Press. His latest book is Sucker’s Paradise other books include ROXY, This Troubled Heart, Still A Party, and The Dice Are Always Loaded. He is one of the originators of the After-Hours Poetry movement and has been a featured reader in New York City, Seattle, San Francisco reading Jack Kerouac’s On the Road with the musician David Amram, Los Angeles, Nevada City, Paris and Sacramento. His work can be found at afterhourspoetry.com.
& Wednesday night from 8-9 pm, come drink some coffee and make your voice heard at the Neutral Ground Poetry Hour, 5110 Danneel Street.
& Thursday at 4 pm the Algiers Regional Library presents a Spoken Word Workshops for Teens in Partnership with New Orleans Youth Open Mic (NOYOM). At each workshop students will channel their creativity to write and perform original spoken word pieces. Using model texts from local and national artists, students will elevate their craft while also building a community of young artists. Hosted by A Scribe Called Quess? of NOYOM and Team SNO.
& Thursday at 6 pm Octavia Books features photographer C.C. Lockwood as he presents LOUISIANA WILD: The Protected and Restored Lands of The Nature Conservancy. The scenic images that Louisiana brings to mind—moss-draped cypress, lush marshlands, alligators gliding through bayous, herons coasting across an open sky—all spring from one of the most diverse and productive ecosystems on the continent. This varied and inviting landscape gives rise to one of the state’s many monikers, “Sportsman’s Paradise,” which rings true whether you are boating on picturesque Lake Martin or bird-watching among the ancient live oaks of Lafitte Woods. From the precious maritime forests of Grand Isle to the steep contours of Tunica Hills, Louisiana’s wild outdoors defines each region’s sense of place and value. After trekking and canoeing through more than sixty properties managed by The Nature Conservancy, Lockwood presents a vivid photo narrative that journeys from the little-known Copenhagen Hills, a prairie habitat with the largest variety of woody plants in Louisiana; to the swampland lake of Cypress Island, with its massive rookery of roseate spoonbills and great egrets; to over a dozen other sites that showcase Louisiana’s distinct environs.
& Thursday at 6 pm Michael Llewellyn’s Creole Son and Ciji Ware’s That Winter in Venice. Llewellyn’s is subtitled Novel of Degas in New Orleans. In 1872, French painter Edgar Degas is disillusioned by a lackluster career and haunted by the Prussian siege of Paris and the bloodbath of the Commune. Seeking personal and professional rebirth, he journeys to New Orleans, birthplace of his Creole mother. He is horrified to learn he has exchanged one city in crisis for another—post-Civil War New Orleans is a corrupt town occupied by hostile Union troops and suffering under the heavy hand of Reconstruction. He is further shocked to find his family deeply involved in the violent struggle to reclaim political power at all costs. Despite the chaos swirling around him, Degas sketches and paints with fervor and manages to reinvent himself and transition his style from neoclassical into the emerging world of Impressionism. He ultimately became one of the masters of the new movement, but how did New Orleans empower Degas to fulfill this destiny? In That Winter in Venice New Orleans natives Serena Antonelli, an Italian-American costume designer, and Jack Durand, a Pulitzer Prize-winning environmental reporter, meet on a fateful flight bound for Venice where they confront a shared destiny spawned by a national tragedy and a connection they could never have imagined or foretold. While fierce storms blow in from the Adriatic, inundating the Global Rising Waters Conference where Jack is a keynote speaker, the acqua alta also threatens to drown Venice’s legendary carnival celebrations and sink Serena’s desperate plan to rescue her U.S. family’s century-old costume company from its post-Hurricane Katrina insolvency. Soon they are entangled in a spellbinding interplay of history and romance that jeopardizes their chances of sustaining the passionate bond they’ve forged. Exposed, too, are threads of public corruption and private wounds that must be healed before the pair can put to rest the tumult back home in New Orleans and remake their lives as one.
& At 7 pm Thursday the EJ Writers Group meets at the East Jefferson Regional Library. The East Jefferson Writer’s Group is a critique group for serious fiction writers of all levels who want to improve their story development skills. This group focuses on discussing story development and writing elements and applying critiquing skills in romance, adventure, mystery, literature (but not genres of SciFi, Fantasy, Horror of the alternate Thursday Sci-FI Writers). Short stories, novels, screenplays, plays, comics are accepted; however, non-fiction, such as poetry, biography, autobiography, essays, or magazine articles is not. Free and open to the public. No registration.
& This and every Thursdays call the New Orleans Poetry Brothel and they will read you a poem 8pm-Midnight CST. 504-264-1336.
& Friday at 6 pm Romance Writers of America Unite at Octavia Books. From the Crossroads Writers Chapter in Indiana, Jeana Mann, LeNora Mangano, and Teresa Keefer, will join NOLA chapter members, Colleen Mooney and Dawn Chartier, for a meet and greet, panel, and signing. You also get to meet Fiona Riplee who is about to release her first book! Panelists will include: Jeana Mann, author of DRIFT: A Felony Romance and IMPULSIVE: A Felony Romance; LeNora Mangano; Teresa Keefer, author of A HOME FOR DIXIE (Possum Creek Series) and BLESSED BE (Sisters Trilogy); Colleen Mooney, author of RESCUED BY A KISS (Book 1); DEAD AND BREAKFAST (Book 2); Dawn Chartier, author of BEWITCHING THE ENEMY and MASQUERADING WITH THE CEO; and, Fiona Riplee.
& Saturday at 10 pm the Keller Library & Community Center hosts Poems & Pink Ribbons©, a community writing workshop that allows breast cancer patients, survivors, and their families a way to use writing to navigate grief, loss, and find support. Now in its 5th year, Poems & Pink Ribbons© welcomes anyone affected by cancer to share in this healing workshop. Participants can register to participate at EventBrite.
& At 10:30 am the Nix Library will present a Creative Writing Workshop. Trisha Rezende, MFA, leads a dynamic writing workshop where students will produce, share, and critique texts while learning how to develop character, voice, and style.
& Saturday from noon to 3 pm it is a celebration of Octavia Books 15th Anniversary. Join Tom and Judith and their fabulous staff in celebrating their 15th anniversary as we serve up some fun music, cake, and refreshments. Dress as your favorite literary character for a chance to win a prize.
& Sunday at 3 pm The Maple Leaf Reading Series features an open mic. The Maple Leaf Reading Series is the oldest continuous reading in the south (making an allowance for Katrina), and was founded by noted and beloved local poet Everette Maddox. | <urn:uuid:1576055f-4fec-4ae1-b1ba-7950db5ec1f8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://toulousestreet.wordpress.com/2015/10/04/odd-words-288/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00069-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.941753 | 4,127 | 1.53125 | 2 |
You tell your friend that no machine can possibly put out more energy that is put into it. Your friend states that a nuclear reactor puts out more energy than is put into it. Can you argue with this or is it true? We know that reactor energy is PE from uranium fuel. Can you help me with a better explanation?
You should ask you friend how does he think the uranium nucleus came about.
After all the uranium nucleus has a lot of positive charges in very close proximity. Why don't they repel each other as the should?
We had to invest energy in bringing all these charges together. However, the do not like to be that close. Other forces are keeping them together ("surface tension", strong force interactions etc), but any tiny disruption to these forces (such as neutron bombardment) ...
This solution discusses energy with respect to nuclear reactors. Concepts covered include potential energy and stable/unstable equilibrium. | <urn:uuid:8aee85ad-2da7-496b-ab79-992d1586d904> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://brainmass.com/physics/nuclear-forces/energy-stable-and-unstable-equilibrium-65689 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00281-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970632 | 187 | 3.328125 | 3 |
...Many students struggle with the concepts of mathematics and often times fall behind or become disinterested. Please do not let that happen to you or your child. I know how to reach students and allow them to understand and embrace Mathematics.
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...I began my study of Ancient Greek at the Latin/Greek Institute at CUNY in the summer of 2008. This was an immersion course in which I learned the equivalent of two years of Greek within three months. From there, I continued my study of Greek at Rutgers.
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...I look forward to helping you increase your mathematics grades as well as have a better understanding as to what areas of weakness may be.I have taught Algebra 1 for multiple years to students of multiple ability and skill levels. In my time teaching Algebra 1, my students reached success throug...
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...I use practical examples in my teaching style to help students grasp the topics quickly. I try to make the subject fun for the students so that they do not consider it a burden. I love the challenge of helping kids understand the nuances of mathematics so that the knowledge will stay with them forever.
Stamford, CTView Tutor | <urn:uuid:9f6a60c7-0e20-4a97-88be-e215edf1acd8> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.algebrahelp.com/Englewood_NJ_tutors.jsp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718296.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00538-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958372 | 322 | 1.664063 | 2 |
The Council provides advice and information on the protection and enhancement of the District's natural environment.
The biodiversity officer is responsible for the production and delivery of the Cherwell biodiversity action plan (BAP). The ecology officer assesses planning applications that impact upon important sites, habitats and species.
Our biodiversity service
The Cherwell BAP, which is updated and reviewed every two years, sets out how the Council will fulfil its duty under the Natural Environment and Rural Communities (NERC) Act 2006 and meet other biodiversity legislation and policy requirements.
The 2005-2010 BAP provided a comprehensive working document that helped to focus attention and resources on those habitats and species that are particularly important in the district. Although many of the objectives and actions are out of date, the document provides useful background information about sites, habitats and species.
Both BAPs are available to download from this page.
Biodiversity 2020 is a national strategy for England's wildlife and ecosystem services which was published in 2011. It sets out the Government's ambition to halt overall loss of England's biodiversity by 2020, support healthy well-functioning ecosystems and establish coherent ecological networks, with more and better places for nature for the benefit of wildlife and people. It builds on important elements of the Natural Environment White Paper.
For a summary of Biodiversity 2020, which emphasises the importance of local conservation projects to the delivery of the national strategy's outcomes; and the implications of the Natural Environment White Paper for local authorities, see downloads on this page.
Biodiversity and planning
Four relevant documents are available under downloads -
Some of the important sites, habitats and species in Cherwell are protected by legislation, others by planning policy. Guidance is available in a comprehensive document "Biodiversity and Planning in Oxfordshire".
The most relevant section of the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) (section 11 paras 109-125) is entitled 'Conserving and enhancing the natural environment' and includes reference to providing net gains for biodiversity where possible, protection and enhancement of networks of biodiversity and green infrastructure, promoting priority habitats and species and the importance of ecosystem services and soils.
There is an emphasis within the NPPF on local planning authorities creating local policy and guidance which both reflects the Framework and, at the same time, the needs and priorities of their communities. Neighbourhood planning legislation came into effect in April 2012 which aims to give communities more control over the development of their local area. Local planning authorities must provide support to help people produce their neighbourhood development plan. Some guidance has been produced to advise on biodiversity and neighbourhood planning.
The adopted Cherwell Local Plan 2011-2031 (Part 1) policies relating to biodiversity and the natural environment (specifically policies ESD10, ESD11 and ESD17) can be found on pages 101-108 & 122-125 of the Local Plan document.
Oxfordshire BAP and conservation target areas
Biodiversity action at a County level is co-ordinated by Wild Oxfordshire. It manages the conservation target area project.
Conservation target areas (CTAs) have been established for a total of 36 large areas across the county and are the most important areas for wildlife where targeted conservation work will have the greatest benefit. These areas cover 17% of the entire county and include 95% of all the sites of special scientific interest (SSSI), 75% of all the local wildlife sites and 85% of all the mapped UK BAP habitat.
CTAs have been identified as they present the best opportunities for prioritising the conservation, enhancement, and re-creation of both designated sites and important habitats. They also form the focus of efforts for reconnecting habitats and creating networks across Oxfordshire. 22 CTAs in the County are active - in other words there is a lead organization that is co-ordinating conservation projects in each of these areas.
For further information about the Oxfordshire BAP and CTAs, see downloads on this page and/or visit the Wild Oxfordshire website under useful links. The summary document has not been updated since the Oxfordshire Nature Conservation Forum became Wild Oxfordshire but it is factually correct in all other respects.
For further information about SSSIs, visit the Natural England website under useful links and go to land management and then protected sites.
For further information about local wildlife sites and the 'living list' of sites in the Cherwell district, visit the TVERC website under useful links and go to local wildlife sites.
Our partners and projects
Many of the aims and actions within the Cherwell BAP are delivered through the funding of a number of key biodiversity organisations. For further information, go to the Biodiversity Partners webpage
The Cherwell swift conservation project was established in 2008 and aims to:
- identify and protect swift nest sites in the district
- increase nest places for swifts in identified suitable sites
- improve local knowledge of swifts, their life history and the risks they face, particularly from building work.
For further information, go to the Swifts Conservation Project webpage
Parish Councils and communities can provide vital help for wildlife by appreciating, protecting and enhancing biodiversity in their local area. Go to the Community and Parish Biodiversity Guidance webpage for more information.
- [PDF] Cherwell Biodiversity Action Plan 2016-2018 (740kb)
- [PDF] Cherwell Biodiversity Action Plan 2005-2010 (3.8Mb)
- [PDF] A simple guide to Biodiversity 2020 and progress update (49kb)
- [PDF] White Paper & Local Authorities (300kb)
- [PDF] Biodiversity and Planning in Oxfordshire 2014 (4.6Mb)
- [PDF] NPPF Section 11 Paras 109-125 (352kb)
- [PDF] Biodiversity in Neighbourhood Planning (229kb)
- [PDF] Cherwell Local Plan 2011-2031 (Part 1) (4.7Mb)
- [PDF] Oxfordshire BAP and CTA's (420kb) | <urn:uuid:0bc117e8-629c-4477-8737-edeef411f445> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.cherwell.gov.uk/index.cfm?articleid=3210 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719027.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00302-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.899738 | 1,243 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Eco-eager automakers hype sustainable wood in cars
- Some automakers are using sustainable woods for interior car trim
- It%27s coming from fast-growing or reclaimed woods
- They want to make luxury car buyers feel like they are being eco-friendly
Having created zero-waste factories, recycled plastic upholstery and low-emission hybrid engines, automakers are opening a new front in the drive to appear eco-friendly — "sustainable" wood interior trim.
Instead of searching the world for exotic woods, long a mark of elegance in premium brands, some are turning to suppliers who dredge rivers for old logs and use fast-growing woods such as bamboo or eucalyptus to create the wood trim pieces that surround drivers and passengers in luxury cars.
The move avoids criticism for automakers that while their new fuel-saving engines are cutting carbon emissions, their choices of interior trim could destroy endangered old-growth forests. The trend is especially seen in cars billed as eco-friendly, such as hybrids or electrics.
Sure, the total amount of veneer in a typical luxury car is less than on an old dining-room chair, so the effort is mostly symbolic. But it's good business: Sustainable wood trim adds another little feature to make buyers feel good about their purchase.
"Every little bit counts in terms of manufacturers trying to raise awareness," says Roland Hwang, transportation program director for the Natural Resources Defense Council, which is active both on clean-car and forest-protection issues. "It shows there is a growing market for sustainable products."
What some automakers are doing to splinter off from the competition:
•Bamboo. To underscore the sustainability aspect of its new Lexus hybrid sedans, Toyota chose fast-growing bamboo for trim. It's one of the wood choices in the midsize ES 300h and flagship LS 600h L, and is the only wood trim for the sporty GS 450h. "It's a light, almost bleached wood," says spokesman Bill Kwong. It can be found on both the steering wheel and dashboard.
•Eucalyptus. BMW's i3 plug-in electric car will have a swoopy wood panel across the top of the dashboard made of eucalyptus. It's being culled from "certified sustainably managed European forests and treated using natural materials," BMW says.
•Reclaimed logs. Fisker, the troubled maker of stylish hybrids, could claim that no tree was injured in building its cars. Even though production of its Karma sedan is suspended now, it prided itself on using only reclaimed timber for its interiors: white oak from the bottom of Lake Michigan, "rescued wood" from trees killed by California wildfires and trees that have fallen naturally.
•Old fence posts. For its posh Ram Laramie Longhorn pickup, Chrysler Group designers chose European walnut from trees being used as fence posts and imprinted with markings from the barbed wire wrapped around them, in keeping with the truck's gentleman cowboy theme.
A trim material once plentiful in luxury cars and now banished is wood-look plastic. While it can be made to look virtually the same as highly polished hardwoods and holds up better to punishment from sunlight, it isn't the kind of authentic material that luxury-car buyers are demanding.
Instead, automakers are trying to find better ways of using the real thing and increasingly are using an open-grain look that can't be mistaken for plastic.
In the Ram, the goal was to make the wood trim feel like the worn stock of a beloved shotgun or rifle, "the whole ranch atmosphere," says Ryan Nagode, chief interior designer for Ram and Fiat. "It really hopes to show it's real wood." | <urn:uuid:b0950de0-7d83-482d-8b8a-7facc886e764> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/cars/2013/06/27/wood-fisker-bmw-ram-lexus-gs-es/2413611/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00674.warc.gz | en | 0.959377 | 775 | 1.945313 | 2 |
the 3D food printer, part of the [email protected] series by cornell university’s computational synthesis lab
with a three-dimensional food printer, the future of food
is just a mouseclick away.
not the only device of its kind, but arguably the most advanced,
the 3D food printer is designed and being further developed in america
by cornell university’s computational synthesis laboratory,
headed by dr. jeffrey ian lipton. the team’s [email protected] technology,
designed as a collection of open-source rapid prototyping systems,
allows three-dimensional objects to be ‘printed’ by a syringe,
whose movements are determined from computer blueprints and models.
layering lines of material ultimately generates a three-dimensional object
in a process they call ‘solid freeform fabrication.’
detail view of a piece of chocolate created with the machine
although they are in no way limited to food,
[email protected] machines have already been used
to print chocolates, cookies, and even domes of turkey meat.
while previous models have typically used only one syringe,
the cornell team is now working with them in multiple,
to permit the combination of diverse ingredients in precise proportions.
currently, only liquids and gels can be used as cartridges,
and the researchers have already experimented
with cheese, cake batter, chocolate, and dough.
promisingly, current research that involves mixing raw foods
with hydrocolloids, creating a gel,
may soon expand the repertoire of foods that can be used in the machine.
examples of the device in use, printing chocolate and frosting shapes
on a broad scale, the device would not only
increase the ease and availability of healthful food
to individuals who are unable or unwilling to cook for themselves,
but also produce a number of ecologically beneficial effects,
as it decreases the number of intermediaries involved
between food production and ultimate consumption.
some researchers wonder if one day,
3D printers would even permit the ‘growing’ of near-raw foodstuffs.
3D printing offers greater detail and more uniformity across multiple copies of objects than does shaping food by hand
moving forward, lipton foresees the greatest difficulty to be
allowing consumers at home to create their own custom food inks,
because different materials will each behave differently.
nonetheless, he imagines ‘chefCAD’ software
that will allow people to design and print
their own food constructions, share recipes (fabApps),
and easily modify blueprints to reflect personal tastes.
frosting model being used as a cast to make a silicon ball
already, the use of 3D printing on frosting
can be used to create easily degradable molds and casts.
if it becomes difficult to release the object,
the cast can be quickly dissolved in water or broken.
because one of the major benefits of 3D printing
is its consistency and repeatability,
it is simple to create identical new molds.
early collaborations with the french culinary institute in generating food inks
this diagram illustrates some of the variables that must be adjusted in printing chocolate,
suggesting some of the ways in which recipes can be customized pending further developments of the printer | <urn:uuid:db8d519c-675a-4285-81d6-fc5f83175141> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.designboom.com/technology/3d-food-printer/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719155.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00332-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.918721 | 703 | 3.21875 | 3 |
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