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Record giant EMI has revealed ambitious plans to offer more than 140,000 of its tracks online, the latest and most significant attempt by the music industry to counter free peer-to-peer music downloading services.
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More than 20 online music retailers, including HMV, Freeserve and MSN, have signed up to the Europe-wide scheme, which will enable consumers to burn tracks on to CD-Roms, copy tracks on to portable players and buy singles before they are released in stores.
Analysts believe music will be one of the main content areas that consumers will be prepared to pay for, driving up demand for high speed internet services.
The music industry has been heavily criticised for its reaction to free download services, such as Napster and Kazaa. Rather than focusing all their attention on shutting these services down, critics said, record labels should embrace the internet as an alternative distribution channel.
The scale of the EMI deal - the largest music download initiative by a record company in Europe to date - would suggest the major labels are beginning to change their approach.
"This is a significant initiative because it brings many new features to the online offering," said Tony Wadsworth, chairman and chief executive officer of EMI Recorded Music in the UK and Ireland. "EMI has a vast digital catalogue and is now providing consumers with the music they want in a way that is faster, safer and more adaptable than is currently available on any of the current service - and it is legal."
All of the launch retailers will use the technology platform of online distributor OD2, while each track will include Digital Rights Management technology, designed to prevent consumers paying once for a track and then distributing them for free. | <urn:uuid:949a2369-9b24-44ea-9028-feb1ed5a0083> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.computerweekly.com/news/2240050514/Watershed-for-legal-internet-music-as-EMI-signs-downloading-deal | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280900.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00007-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956209 | 374 | 1.539063 | 2 |
This essay has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work written by our professional essay writers.
In Module 1, we used plant genetics of the Wisconsin Fast Plants, Brassica rapa to study transmission genetics. Brassica rapa was used since it is a model organism. A model organism possesses life cycles and characteristics that make them exceptionally suitable for transmission genetic study, "including a short generation time, manageable numbers of progeny, adaptability to a laboratory environment, and the ability to be housed and propagated inexpensively (Pierce, 6)." Brassica rapa possesses all of the necessary qualities to be a particularly good candidate for our experiment. Brassica rapa yields seeds from the moment it is a seed in about 34 days (Lauffer, 18). The relatively short life cycle and other model organism traits make Brassica rapa relatively easy to manage in a classroom setting. However, there are setbacks in using Brassica rapa, including parthenogenesis where there is a production of viable seeds without a male parent to contribute pollen. This serves as a possible problem in analyzing the offspring because the progeny will have characteristics identical to the female parent. However, with a short life cycle, manageable progeny, and adaptability to laboratory conditions, Brassica rapa serves as a good model organism to study transmission genetics.
By examining the phenotypes of Brassica rapa to determine the possible genotypes of the plants, Gregor Mendel's basic principles of heredity of transmission of genetics from parent to offspring are being studied. Mendel's observations in his experiments involving pea plants revealed that the phenotypes of the plants may be used to predict the geneotypes of the plants. Mendel only used absolute characteristics in examining the plants of interest such as color, size and shape instead of quantitative characteristics. This makes the determination of the genotype straightforward, consistent and objective. However, the genotype does not solely determine the phenotype of the plant. "A given phenotype arises from a genotype that develops within particular environment (Pierce, 46)." The genotype determines the boundaries for development but how the phenotype develops is also determined by other genes and environmental factors.
Several genotypes with the known phenotypes of interest of Brassica rapa are known. The stems of Brassica rapa may be purple or non-purple. The purple color results from the pigment anthocyanin and is a controlled by the dominant allele, ANL. "Anthocyaninless mutants of Brassica rapa fail to produce anthocyanin pigments (Burdzinski, 1)." The anthocyaninless plants therefore have non-purple stems and are controlled by the recessive allele, anl. The anthocynanin pigment is extremely important in plants because "the presence of anthocyanins that provide the colour palette for the breeder (Delpech, 207)." The colors produced by the pigment guides the pollinator to the source of the pollen to ensure the process of pollination. In addition to the color of the stem, the trichomes on the plants are another characteristic controlled by genes. The presence of hair is most notably present on the upper portion of the stem and on the leaves. The characteristic for hair is controlled by the dominant allele, HIR while the characteristic for being hairless is controlled by the recessive allele, hir. Another characteristic used to study the genetics of fast plants is the color of the leaves. When the leaves appear dark green, it is a result of the plant producing a significant amount of chlorophyll. The plants with dark green leaves are controlled by the dominant allele, YGR. On the other hand, plants with yellow-green leaves produce less chlorophyll and are controlled by a recessive allele, ygr. The final trait used to determine the possible genotypes of the fast plant is stem height. When a plant produces four to ten times less of gibberellic acid than a standard plant, the stems of the plant does not elongate as much and the plant appears dwarf. The plants with gibberellic acid deficiency are thus short and are called Rosette-Dwarf. The dwarf characteristic is controlled by the recessive allele, ros. On the other hand, plants that produce up to twelve times more gibberellic acid than the standard plants have stems that elongate more than usual. The tall stems are controlled by a recessive allele, ein. When a plant produces the average mount of gibberelic acid, it is average in height. With these known phenotypes and genotypes, it is possible to predict the genotypes of plants by examining their observed characteristics.
Since the phenotype of plants are affected by both genetic and environmental factors, it is important to house the plants with sufficient light and water. "The timing of seed germination is highly sensitive to several aspects of the seed maturation environment, including water availability, soil nutrients, photoperiod, temperature and light quality (Dechaine, 1297)." Therefore, it is important to keep the plants hydrated during flowering, fertilization and seed development so that the plants can yield high levels of seeds. It is also important to provide sufficient water and light to the seeds for successful germination. Effective fertilization and germination of the plants are necessary in determining the genotypes of the parents. Without the observable phenotypes of the progeny, the genotypes of the parents would remain unknown.
By analyzing the phenotypes of the parent Brassica rapa plants along with their given corresponding genotypes, cross-breeding the plants would yield progeny with observable characteristics that will determine the genotype of the parents. If the cross-breeding is carried out successfully with negligible parthenogenesis, the unknown genotypes of the parent plants can be known after the crosses.
Materials and Methods
A group of seven Wisconsin Fast plants were assigned to the group for identifying phenotypes and possible genotypes. A set of four pots, each pot with two plants, labeled as red were assigned to the group for the cross. Stakes and metal wires were used to secure plants in place. Pollination bags and chenille rods were used in the pollination process. Filter papers and petri dishes were used to germinate the seeds. Throughout the entire process, white light and water was used.
We obtained a group of seven Wisconsin Fast plants. The plant labeled as "#1" was told to be the wild type stock or Standard that was used to which the other plants were compared. The height of the Standard plant was measured and the shape and color of the leaves and stems were observed and noted. In addition, the trichomes, or hairs on the leaves and stems were also observed and recorded. We then observed and recorded the observable traits seen in the remaining six plants relative to the Standard. After recording the observations of the phenotypes of all seven plants, we referenced the genetic stock description list in the manual of Module 1 to assign a name to each Wisconsin Fast Plant. The genetic stock description list includes a description of whether the observed phenotype is the result dominant or recessive alleles. Based on the given information, we were able to determine to possible genotypes of the Wisconsin Fast plants.
A set of four pots color coded as red was assigned to the group. Each pot had two plants: one with either recessive or dominant genotype and one with unknown genotype. We placed a stake next to each plant and gently looped the attached metal wire around each plant to secure it in place. A pollination bag was then gently placed over each pot. The pots were placed into a large tray and placed under white light. The trays were filled with 1-2 inches of water twice a week.
After several class periods, the plants had flowers. We pollinated the plants using a chenille rod by gently touching the anthers of one flower on Plant 1 with the tip of the rod to collect the pollen grain and delivered the pollen grain to the stigma of a flower on Plant 2 in the same pot. Similarly, we gently touched the anthers of one flower on Plant 2 with the tip of the rod to collect the pollen grain and delivered the pollen grain to the stigma of a flower on Plant 1 in the same pot. We repeated the process for the other three plant pots. The pots were returned to the large tray and were continued to be watered twice a week.
Approximately twenty days after pollination, we stopped watering the plants and they were allowed to try for about five days under white light. Then, the seeds were collected by rolling the dry pods between the hands. The collected seeds were placed in a petri dish with a moist piece of filter paper. The petri dish was constantly kept under white light for one week and watered twice a day so that the filter paper remained moist. After one week, the seeds had germinated and the seedlings' phenotypes were observed and recorded. | <urn:uuid:4fa4e58e-16b1-4408-bf9b-45f845b4b6dc> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.ukessays.com/essays/biology/wisconsin-fast-plants-brassica-rapa-biology-essay.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00063-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957617 | 1,833 | 3.09375 | 3 |
during the Hellenistic Period
/mid 4th – mid 1st
|Included for several decades into the boundaries of the Macedonian
Empire of Alexander the Great after the death of his proxy in
Thrace- Lizimah /year 281 BC/ Odessos reestablished its independence
and became the biggest trade center on the Western Black Sea Coast.
During that period the town realized the contacts between the Thracian
society and the Black Sea and the Mediterranean world and reached
the peak of its prosperity.
A proof of the economic prosperity of the town is the fact that
it began cutting its own coins – initially bronze ones, and later
on /after 2nd century BC/ large emissions of silver tetra-drachmas
and gold starters.
The import from the Mediterranean and the Black Sea regions
was not terminated which becomes obvious from the large amount of
black-polished ceramics, bronze decorations, lamps and amphorae. Local
production of ceramics, bronze decorations and lamps was also developed
in the town. Characteristic for the trade import from Egypt
and Pallestina are the glass and alabaster vessels.
Odessos turned into one of the most important centers for production
of terracotta statuettes. To the Varna Archaeological Museum belongs
one of the richest collections of such figures. In the showcases are
exhibited terracotta figures representing various scenes and deities
– Darzalas, Aphrodite, Demetra, Eros, satyrs, maenads, as well as
genre statuettes – dancers and musicians, actors, slaves, women and
men in the typical for the time attire, animal figures – children's
toys – a cock, a bull, etc.
The presence of a big quantity of construction ceramics – roof
tiles and roof decorative ornaments /simas and antefixes/ is a good
evidence that the architectural image of the ancient town did not
submit to the other ancient towns along the Mediterranean.
At that time a substantial change in the religious life is to
be traced in Odessos – the Thracian god Darzalas was raised as a supreme
deity in the Pantheon of the town. Evidence to the fact are the coins
of the town carrying his image, numerous terracotta statuettes, as
well as an unique miniature lead statuette dated 4th century BC. This
change in the organization of the religious life in the town obviously
was as a result of the consolidating position of the Thracian population
in the town
r c h e a e o l o g i c a l m u s e u m V
a r n a
© 1997, 2000; 2002 | <urn:uuid:662fa030-f155-4511-a121-4260cac40c08> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://varna-bg.site/museums/archaeology/enexhibit/enhall9.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00277.warc.gz | en | 0.927276 | 632 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Aim of the study: In selected surgical neonates and infants, the rapidity of induction and intubation may represent an important factor for their safety. Propofol is an anesthetic characterized by a rapid onset and fast recovery time that may reduce time of anesthetic induction and improve post-anesthetic outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of anesthesia induction in full-term neonates and young infants after propofol bolus administration. Methods: A retrospective case-control study including infants below 6 months of age, undergoing general anesthesia between 2011 and 2013, was carried out. Patients that received intravenous propofol bolus to induce anesthesia were compared to patients who received inhaled sevoflurane. Time to reach successful orotracheal intubation (OTI) was measured in seconds. The quality of OTI was defined as "excellent," "good," and "poor," based on established classification and was reported. Hemodynamic parameters as systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse pressure (PP), heart rate (HR), and oxygen saturation (SaO2) were collected before OTI (t0), at OTI (t1), and at spontaneous breathing recovery (t2). Main adverse effects were recorded for both groups. Results are median (IQ range) or prevalence; p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: 160 infants were enrolled in the study, 80 received propofol and 80 inhaled sevoflurane. Major surgery (involving organs in the thoracic, abdominal, or pelvic cavities) was performed in 64 and 54% of patients in the propofol and sevoflurane group, respectively (p = 0.07). Patients in the propofol group showed a shorter time for OTI [11.5 (4.0-65) vs. 360.0 (228.0-720.0) seconds, (p < 0.0001)]. No difference was found in the quality of OTI between the two groups. No significant complications were recorded in either group. Conclusions: Propofol is a safe and effective anesthetic in neonates and infants permitting rapid induction of anesthesia and rapid intubation, without negative impact on the quality of intubation and haemodynamic compromise. | <urn:uuid:4728356f-e54d-4177-befd-bbefab09b737> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://moh-it.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/intravenous-propofol-allows-fast-intubation-in-neonates-and-young | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.964674 | 488 | 1.859375 | 2 |
Free speech is essential for a healthy, vibrant, and democratic society. Yet, the idea of freedom of speech on university campuses is challenged by the ever-evolving social and political realities of a contemporary democracy. This Teach-Out prompts participants to think critically about the role free speech plays on university campuses and how this discourse shapes the broader narrative about free speech protection across the United States. Why is free speech suddenly an issue on university campuses? Is speech or safety at the crux of the issue? How has the definition of free speech evolved between the 20th and 21st centuries and how are universities addressing these changes?
Free Speech on Campus Teach-Out密歇根大学
The mission of the University of Michigan is to serve the people of Michigan and the world through preeminence in creating, communicating, preserving and applying knowledge, art, and academic values, and in developing leaders and citizens who will challenge the present and enrich the future.
What is a Teach-Out?
Why is the University of Michigan creating Teach-Outs?
I see there are quizzes -- do I have to pass a quiz to complete a Teach-Out?
Does a Teach-Out have a fee?
Can I get a completion certificate?
How do I find out about other Teach-Outs?
Will more Teach-Outs be made available to the public in the future? | <urn:uuid:112f3ee0-5104-4ecb-8610-77c474eeff4d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://zh-tw.coursera.org/learn/free-speech-on-campus | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00069.warc.gz | en | 0.914391 | 410 | 3 | 3 |
Click for "Microbes After Hours" videos
Archaeans have been found that can live in temperatures above 212°F (100°C). In contrast, no known eukaryotes can survive over 140°F (60°C). Other archaeans have been found in an Antarctic lake with a surface that is permanently frozen.
How do these extremophiles do it? They make a variety of protective molecules and enzymes (en-zimes). For example, some archaeans live in highly acidic environments. If the acid got into the archaeal cells, it would destroy their DNA, so they have to keep it out. But the defensive molecules on their cellular surfaces do come into contact with the acid and are uniquely designed not to break apart in it. Archaeans that live in very salty water are able to keep all the fluid from dissolving out of their cells by producing or pulling in from the outside solutes such as potassium chloride that balance the inside of the cells with the salty water outside. Other enzymes allow other achaeans to tolerate extreme hot or cold.
Not all the archaea are extremophiles. Many live in more ordinary temperatures and conditions. For example, scientists can find archaeans alongside bacteria and algae floating about in the open ocean. Some archaeans even live in your guts. | <urn:uuid:51d07070-7eca-4c0b-9ce5-8b4ab18c340f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.microbeworld.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=140 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00355-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.944079 | 268 | 4.15625 | 4 |
Feeding Hungry Children
By Naomi Dillon
Food service operations are feeling the heat from a poor economy, rising food prices, and more federal regulations. At the same time, they’re doing more than ever to help low- income children. There are no easy tasks in running a school district. Yet, for the food services division, the past several years have been particularly difficult.
Rising food and fuel prices, new government regulations, natural disasters, and growing poverty levels have all led to tumultuous times for child nutrition departments which, by and large, are self-sustaining operations in most districts.
Earlier this year, the Census Bureau announced the national poverty rate had risen to 15.1 percent of the population in 2010, the highest since 1993. Even that figure may be understated, however. A separate analysis by the Food Research and Action Center and Gallup-Healthways found one in five Americans struggles with “food hardship.”
Signs of economic strain in America can be found in the school lunch line. In 2000, 57 percent of the 45 million children who participated in the National School Lunch Program received free and reduced-price meals. A decade later, 65 percent of 52 million students received such aid, with the rate rising 6 percent since 2007 alone.
“The trend continues to go up,” says Dianne Pratt-Heavner, media relations director for the School Nutrition Association (SNA). “Schools are beginning to really see a lot more free-meal-eligible children, even more than reduced-meal-eligible ones.” | <urn:uuid:b224c967-be62-498c-a6f7-958f711f0ff7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.asbj.com/TopicsArchive/FoodandNutrition/Feeding-Hungry-Children.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00548-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95952 | 324 | 2.734375 | 3 |
A developer preview of Canonical's mobile-friendly version of Ubuntu will be published this week, enabling developers to port the platform to Galaxy Nexus and Nexus 4 smartphones.
The Touch Developer Preview is intended for enthusiasts and developers to familiarize themselves with Ubuntu's smartphone platform and develop applications on spare handsets.
Tools that manage the "flashing" of the phone will also be available from Feb. 21 in the Ubuntu archives, making it easy to keep a device up to date with the latest version of the developer preview.
"Our platform supports a wide range of screen sizes and resolutions. Developers who have experience bringing up phone environments will find it relatively easy to port Ubuntu to current handsets" said Pat McGowan, who leads the integration effort that produced the images being released.
"We look forward to adding support for additional devices for everyday testing and experimentation."
Attendees of Mobile World Congress (MWC) in Barcelona can have their phones flashed to Ubuntu by Canonical team members at the Ubuntu stand, (booth number 81D3).
Canonical has also released a preview SDK and App Design Guides to allow developers to create applications for the full range of Ubuntu platforms.
The toolkit provides a range of documented templates to enable native applications to be created quickly and easily. These use QML (Qt Meta Language) widgets, as well as HTML5 and OpenGL for quick interface development.
Developers will not need to cross-compile or package applications differently for phone, tablet, PC and TV, as one platform serves all four.
"The release marks the start of a new era for Ubuntu, with true convergence between devices," said Canonical in a statement. "When complete, the same Ubuntu code will deliver a mobile, tablet, desktop or TV experiences depending on the device it is installed on, or where it is docked."
The install process and supported device list are available here and will be updated as new devices are added.
This story, "Ubuntu mobile developer preview set to launch " was originally published by Techworld.com. | <urn:uuid:620288d1-64f4-4cd0-a475-507243f2daad> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.infoworld.com/article/2613264/mobile-development/ubuntu-mobile-developer-preview-set-to-launch.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279410.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00165-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.922639 | 423 | 1.601563 | 2 |
From the Publisher. The idea of climbing a tree for shelter, or just to see the earth from another perspective, is surely as old as humanity. Tree houses are chronicled in ancient civilizations and their lore crosses through the history of every part of the world where trees grow. This stunningly illustrated study offers a tour of the best tree houses in the world, some designed by architects, others the work of unknown craftsmen. A teahouse, a restaurant, a hotel, a playhouse for children, or a perch from which to contemplate life—the tree house can take as many forms as the imagination can offer. In times of concern for sustainability and ecological responsibility, the tree house may also be the ultimate symbol of life in symbiosis with nature. Whether rustic or contemporary in style, tree houses make the most of space. Climb into this trove of tree houses and enjoy a new perspective on the world.
- 20 Books on Furniture Design
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- Thank you, Seymour Supporters!
- The 10 Best Architecture and Design Films
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- Reserve Your Seats for Designers & Books Festival: Onstage and Offstage, Saturday, November 12
- Quote of the Day: Stefan Sagmeister & Depero Futurista | <urn:uuid:531644d8-babb-4f3d-ba51-5329b325f559> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.designersandbooks.com/book/tree-houses | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719215.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00200-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.934735 | 286 | 2.125 | 2 |
Schematic representation of the study population. ICU indicates intensive care unit; VRE, vancomycin-resistant enterococci.
Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis illustrating clonal isolates with epidemiological associations. Lane 1 is the Staphylococcus aureus American Tissue Culture Collection 8325 size marker. Lanes 2 through 5 represent a cluster of 4 patients colonized with strain II between March 7, 1995, and April 12, 1995. These patients were epidemiologically linked on the basis of overlapping hospital stays in 2 non–intensive care unit wards. Lanes 6 and 7 represent 2 additional temporally linked patients colonized with strain II May 1995 to June 1995. Lanes 9 and 10 represent patients colonized with strain I epidemiologically linked on Surgical Intensive Care Unit–West. Lanes 11-13 represent 3 other patients colonized with strain I with overlapping stays on Surgical Intensive Care Unit–East.
Ostrowsky BE, Venkataraman L, D'Agata EMC, Gold HS, DeGirolami PC, Samore MH. Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in Intensive Care UnitsHigh Frequency of Stool Carriage During a Non–Outbreak Period. Arch Intern Med. 1999;159(13):1467-1472. doi:10.1001/archinte.159.13.1467
Copyright 1999 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved. Applicable FARS/DFARS Restrictions Apply to Government Use.1999
We aimed to define the epidemiological associations of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in intensive care units (ICUs) during a non–outbreak period by examining prevalence, risk factors for colonization, frequency of acquisition, and molecular strain types.
A prospective cohort design was followed. Consecutive patient admissions to 2 surgical ICUs at a tertiary care hospital were enrolled. The main outcome measures were results of serial surveillance cultures screened for VRE.
Of 290 patients enrolled, 35 (12%) had colonization with VRE on admission. The VRE colonization or infection had been previously detected by clinical cultures in only 4 of these patients. Using logistic regression, VRE colonization at the time of ICU admission was associated with second- and third-generation cephalosporins (odds ratio [OR]=6.0, P<.0001), length of stay prior to surgical ICU admission (OR=1.06, P=.01) greater than 1 prior ICU stay (OR=9.6, P=.002), and a history of solid-organ transplantation (OR=3.8, P=.021). Eleven (12.8%) of 78 patients with follow-up cultures acquired VRE. By pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, 2 strains predominated, one of which was associated with an overt outbreak on a non-ICU ward near the end of the study period.
Colonization was common and usually not recognized by clinical culture. Most patients who had colonization with VRE and were on the surgical ICU acquired VRE prior to surgical ICU entry. Exposure to second- and third-generation cephalosporins, but not vancomycin, was an independent risk factor for colonization. Prospective surveillance of hospitalized patients may yield useful insights about the dissemination of nosocomial VRE beyond what is appreciated by clinical cultures alone.
THE ENTEROCOCCUS is a significant nosocomial pathogen, currently ranked as the fourth most common cause of hospital-acquired infection by the National Nosocomial Surveillance System of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.1 It possesses inherent resistance to several antimicrobial agents and exhibits a propensity to acquire resistance to others.2 The emergence of vancomycin-resistant strains has brought particular attention to this organism and has led to intensive efforts at controlling its spread.3,4 Despite these control efforts, hospitals in the United States have experienced a rapid increase in the percentage of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE).1,5- 7 During the initial period of spread, the incidence of VRE was reported to be much higher among patients located in intensive care units (ICUs) compared with other wards.1,8,9 Significant associations were also observed between VRE infection and exposure to vancomycin.5,7,10 However, most studies of nosocomial VRE focused on patients identified only by clinical cultures,11- 14 or were of relatively small size.8,15 Few studies have performed serial surveillance cultures in a large defined population.16,17
To address these epidemiological associations, we conducted a prospective surveillance study of patients admitted to 2 surgical ICUs (SICUs) during a non–outbreak period. The goals were to (1) define prevalence of VRE at the time of ICU admission and incidence of acquisition during follow-up, (2) assess risk factors for baseline VRE colonization and acquisition, focusing on antibiotic exposures, and (3) assess patient-to-patient transmission of VRE by correlating molecular typing with epidemiological factors.
The Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, West Campus, in Boston, Mass, is a 420-bed tertiary care hospital with approximately 12,000 annual admissions. During the period of this study, there were 2 SICUs, (SICU-East and SICU-West) each with 8 single patient rooms and a nurse-patient ratio of 1:2, with occasional cross coverage. Patients were enrolled in the study between January 15, 1995, and June 15, 1995. This study was performed when the clinical detection of VRE was infrequent, approximately 2 cases per month in the entire hospital. At the time of the study, the prevalence of vancomycin-resistance among clinical enterococcal isolates was 8% to 9%.
Using cotton swabs (Starplex, Etoibicoke, Ontario), the following sites were cultured: rectum, oropharynx, skin, and gastric fluid if a nasogastric tube was present. Rectal swabs coated in stool were considered adequate specimens. The subset of rectal swabs was used for this analysis. Prior to specimen collection, verbal consent was obtained from the patient or family member.
Baseline surveillance cultures were obtained from patients within 24 hours of admission to the SICU. Follow-up cultures were collected from patients who remained in the SICU for 3 days or longer. Cultures were obtained at the following intervals: days 3 to 4, days 7 to 8, days 15 to 26, and every 2 weeks thereafter for as long as the patient remained in the SICU.
Demographic and clinical data were recorded on all patients on the day of their SICU admission, before culture results were available. Underlying diseases were classified according to the organ system involved. The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III score18 and Charlson criteria19 were used to measure the severity of illness of the patients admitted to the SICU and to classify co-morbid conditions, respectively. Computerized pharmacy databases were used to determine inpatient exposures to antibiotics. Chart review was used to identify additional demographic data.
Samples were initially processed to identify resistant gram-negative bacilli; then swabs were frozen in separate glass vials containing 2 mL of 0.6% glycerol. The analysis of resistant gram-negative rods in this population has been reported elsewhere.20 To recover VRE, frozen rectal swabs were thawed, and plated on media containing colistin and nalidixic acid with (CNA) and without (CNV) vancomycin, 10 µg/mL (Remel, Lenexa, Kan). The swabs were sequentially inoculated onto CNA and then onto CNV plates. These plates were incubated at 35°C with 5% carbon dioxide and were examined for bacterial growth at 24 and 48 hours. Enterococci were identified by colony and Gram stain morphologic features and by standard biochemical tests.21 Enterococci from both CNA and CNV plates were screened for vancomycin resistance by plating on brain heart infusion media agar with 6-µg/mL vancomycin and then vancomycin resistance was confirmed by formal minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing using the agar dilution method. Isolates with an MIC to vancomycin of 8 µg/mL or higher were classified as VRE. Isolates were speciated by use of API-Rapid Strep Strips (bioMerieux Vitex, Inc, Hazelwood, Mo), growth in motility media at 30°C (Remel), and evaluation of pigmentation. The MICs to antimicrobials including teicoplanin, ampicillin, doxycycline, chloramphenicol, and the new quinupristin-dalfopristin combination drug (Synercid; Rhone-Poulenc Rorer Pharmaceuticals Inc, Collegeville, Pa) were determined by serial dilution agar plate method using the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards guidelines.22
Baseline colonization on SICU admission was defined as the presence of VRE in the initial culture. Acquisition of VRE was defined by at least 1 positive follow-up culture if baseline cultures were negative. Recent antibiotic exposure was defined as use of antibiotics within 30 days prior to study entry. Patients were considered to have epidemiological links if they had overlapping hospital stays on the same floor or in the same room within 1 month prior to culturing. Clinical cultures were defined as clinically directed cultures of sites other than stool.
In patients with more than 1 SICU admission, only the first admission was analyzed. Patients whose initial rectal swab was obtained more than 3 days after SICU admission were also excluded.
Statistical analysis was performed using SAS software (SAS Institute, Cary, NC). Categorical and continuous variables were analyzed using χ2 test and either the Student t test or nonparametric tests. Risk factors for colonization, demographics including underlying diseases, hospital and ICU exposures, and antibiotic exposures were evaluated by logistic regression using variables that were statistically significant on crude bivariate analysis (P ≤0.1) and those variables that were considered to be clinically relevant. Confounding was evaluated by assessing changes in β coefficients in models with and without putative confounders. A risk score model was developed using the covariates from the final regression model. The c statistic (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) was calculated from this model. Survival analytic methods were used to examine acquisition of VRE.
Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed on the first VRE isolate from each patient. Plugs were prepared using standard methods.23SmaI restriction fragments were resolved using a CHEF-DRIII (Biorad, Richmond, Calif) at 6.0 V/cm for 22 hours with an initial switch time of 0.5 second and a final switch time of 35 seconds. After staining with ethidium bromide, gels were viewed and photographed under UV light. Indistinguishable isolates were assigned to the same subgroup. Isolates differing by 1 or 2 restriction bands, consistent with a single genetic event, were assigned to a subgroup within the same group.24
Between January 15, 1995, and June 15, 1995, there were 416 admissions to the SICUs. One hundred twenty-six admissions were excluded from the study for the following reasons: (1) refusal and inability to collect rectal sample (44 patients), (2) SICU stay of less than 24 hours (63 patients), (3) prior admission to the SICU during same hospitalization (10 patients), and (4) other (9 patients). Thus, a study population of 290 patients was available for analysis (Figure 1).
The study patients had a mean age of 65.7 years; 55% were men and 45%, women. The most common reasons for admission to the SICU were postoperative care 195 (67.2%), cardiac disease 38 (13.1%), and gastrointestinal disorders 20 (6.9%). Eighty-two patients (28.3%) were admitted directly to the SICU and the other 208 patients were transferred to the SICU from other wards. The mean interval from hospital admission to SICU transfer was 5.1 days.
A total of 419 rectal swabs from the 290 study patients were cultured on both CNA and CNV media. Enterococci were identified on CNA plates from 134 swabs (112 patients). Thirty-eight of these enterococcal isolates (from 32 patients) were demonstrated to be vancomycin-resistant on the basis of growth on the vancomycin-containing brain heart infusion agar media plates and MIC testing; the other 96 isolates were vancomycin susceptible. In contrast, enterococci were recovered on CNV plates from 51 swab cultures (41 patients); 50 (40 patients) were confirmed to be VRE. In total, 56 cultures from 46 patients grew VRE. Therefore, the sensitivity for detection of VRE was 67.9% (38 of 56) and 89.3% (50 of 56) for CNA and CNV plates, respectively. Of the 46 patients with VRE, 6 were identified on CNA plates only.
The VRE isolates from 40 patients were Enterococcus faecium, 6 were enterococci species other than E faecium and Enterococcus faecalis. Thirty-nine had the VanA phenotype, 1 the VanB, and 6 the VanC phenotype. Antimicrobial susceptibility results were as follows: vancomycin MIC range: 8 to 512 µg/mL or higher (MIC90≥128 µg/mL); teicoplanin MIC range: 0.05 to 128 µg/mL (MIC90≥8 µg/mL); ampicillin MIC range: 0.5 to 128 µg/mL (MIC90≥64 µg/mL); chloramphenicol MIC range: 2 to 32 µg/mL (MIC90=8 µg/mL); doxycycline MIC range: 0.12 to 32 µg/mL (MIC90≤8 µg/mL); and the combination drug quinupristin-dalfopristin MIC range: 1 to 4 µg/mL (MIC90≤1 µg/mL).
Thirty-five (12.1% of the 290 study patients) were detected to be colonized with VRE on the initial culture. In 7 of these patients, organisms were cultured within 24 hours of admission to the hospital, whereas the other 28 patients with positive baseline cultures were transferred to the SICU from other wards. The 28 transferred patients with positive initial cultures came from 8 distinct non-SICU wards, the most common which was the surgical ward housing solid-organ transplant patients (10 patients). Six of 7 patients admitted directly to the SICU had either been transferred from outside healthcare facilities or had recent prior hospitalizations at our facility. Thus, only 1 patient with VRE colonization detected in the initial culture had no prior hospital exposure.
Four patients with positive baseline cultures had previous clinical cultures that grew VRE, from 1 to 301 days prior to study entry. The sites of positive clinical cultures were urine and wound. Only 2 patients with baseline colonization had subsequent positive clinical cultures during the study admission. One of these patients, a liver transplant recipient, developed an intra-abdominal infection due to VRE and received a prolonged course of treatment with the combination drug quinupristin-dalfopristin.
In the crude analysis, underlying diseases and measures of acuity that were associated with baseline VRE colonization included: history of a gastrointestinal tract disorder, a previous solid-organ transplantation, and a higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation score (Table 1). Indices of hospital exposure that correlated with VRE colonization included: a longer length of stay, hospitalization prior to this SICU admission, and multiple prior ICU stays (Table 1). Specific antibiotic exposures associated with VRE were metronidazole and second- or third-generation cephalosporins. The crude relative risk associated with intravenous vancomycin was 2.2 (P=0.06) (Table 2). None of the patients with baseline VRE colonization had received oral vancomycin.
Most antibiotic exposures were confounded by the duration of hospital stay prior to culturing (Table 3). This confounding was most severe for vancomycin: adjusting for length of stay reduced the β coefficient for vancomycin by 75%. Smaller degrees of confounding were seen when the crude and adjusted β coefficients were compared for other antibiotic categories (Table 3).
In the multivariable logistic regression model, the following 4 variables were identified as having the strongest independent association with VRE colonization: history of prior solid-organ transplantation (OR=3.8, P=.02), second- or third-generation cephalosporin treatment prior to ICU stay (OR=6.0, P=.001), duration of hospital stay prior to ICU admission, in days (OR=1.06, P=.01), and more than 1 prior ICU admission (OR=9.6, P=.002) (Table 4).
To examine the predictive value associated with these risk factors, patients were stratified into risk groups on the basis of the number of risk factors present. In this risk score model, length of stay was dichotomized at 6 days, the 75th percentile. The prevalence of colonization was 2.7% (4 of 143) in patients with 0 risk factors, 13% (13 of 97) in patients with 1 risk factor, and 39% (18 of 46 patients) in patients with 2 or more risk factors. The c statistic (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) for this model was 0.79.
A total of 136 follow-up cultures were obtained from 84 patients. Including patients with both positive and negative baseline cultures, the proportion of patients with a positive culture increased from 13.9% on the first follow-up culture (days 3-4) to 30.4% on day 11 or later. Among 78 patients whose cultures were negative for VRE at baseline, 11 (14.1%) acquired VRE during follow-up. The Kaplan-Meier estimate of the 25th percentile of time to acquisition was 15 days. Vancomycin was the single most frequent antibiotic exposure in patients who acquired VRE: 8 of 11 patients who acquired VRE received intravenous vancomycin either prior to or during their SICU admission compared with 31 of 67 patients who did not acquire VRE. However, the hazard ratio (relative risk) associated with vancomycin was only 0.7 when length of stay in the SICU was controlled for using Cox proportional hazards regression. The small number of patients who acquired VRE precluded use of a multivariable survival model.
All 9 follow-up cultures from the 6 patients with positive baseline cultures were positive.
The PFGE was performed on the first VRE isolate from each of the 46 patients who had colonization with VRE. Sixteen distinct groups were seen of which 12 were unique (1 patient each). Two groups (designated I and II) accounted for 56.5% of isolates (10 and 16 isolates, respectively). Neither of these strains exhibited temporal clustering. Nonetheless, prior to their positive cultures, 3 of 10 patients with strain I and 4 of 16 patients with strain II were closely linked to another patient who had colonization with VRE with the same strain by virtue of an overlapping hospital stay on the same ward or ICU. Two patients with strain II were in the same hospital room prior to their SICU admission (lanes 2 and 3 on Figure 2). Four patients with strain II were culture positive within 24 hours of admission to the hospital but could not be epidemiologically linked to each other or to other patients harboring strain II prior to their index hospitalization.
Near the end of the study period (June 1995), an overt outbreak of VRE on the transplantation ward occurred, manifested by 5 patients with positive clinical cultures for VRE during a 16-day period. The PFGE typing of isolates from this outbreak revealed strain II to be the culprit.
We examined VRE colonization in a cohort of patients admitted to 2 SICUs during a period when the incidence of VRE in the hospital as detected by clinical cultures was low. Our major findings were (1) colonization with VRE had already occurred in 12% of patients at the time of admission to the ICU, and only 4 of the 35 patients who had colonization with VRE previously or concurrently had clinical cultures positive for VRE; (2) exposure to second- and third-generation cephalosporins but not vancomycin was an independent risk factor for colonization with VRE; (3) 2 predominant VRE strains were observed, suggestive of clonal dissemination.
Vancomycin has been identified as a risk factor for VRE colonization or infection in some but not all studies.16,17,25,26 Our results demonstrate the dramatic confounding effect of length of hospital stay on the association between vancomycin and VRE, owing to the strong correlation between length of stay and VRE colonization and between length of stay and vancomycin use. Indeed, we have previously found that vancomycin is the single most common antibiotic administered to patients with long length of stay (unpublished data, 1995-1996). In contrast, adjustment for length of stay attenuated the association between VRE colonization and broad-spectrum cephalosporins to a much lesser degree. These results are compatible with other studies demonstrating a role of cephalosporins to promote VRE colonization and enterococcal superinfection.15,27
Our study also illustrates the limitation of clinical cultures alone to define the true extent of VRE within hospital populations. The greater sensitivity of stool cultures compared with clinical cultures for detection of VRE colonization is well documented.3,16,17 An unusual feature of our investigation is that the molecular typing revealed predominance of 2 strains at a time when hospital-wide clinical strains were diverse. A previous analysis of contemporaneous VRE isolates from 40 patients who had colonization or infection with VRE on the basis of clinical cultures had revealed 20 distinct PFGE restriction profiles.28 Thus, the extent of transmission of VRE during the period of the study was significantly underestimated both by the low frequency of clinical isolation and by the inability to identify an outbreak strain among clinical isolates. The high prevalence of colonization on admission to the ICU was related, at least in part, to the unrecognized spread of VRE among patients on the transplantation ward who were subsequently transferred to the ICU. At the end of the study period, an overt outbreak detected by clinical cultures was manifested on this ward. Conceivably, if the surveillance culture results had been available during the course of the study, an intervention to reduce transmission could have been implemented and might have circumvented the clinical outbreak.
A potential limitation of our study was that rectal swabs were frozen prior to culturing for VRE. Therefore, it is possible that despite the high frequency of VRE isolation, the true prevalence of VRE colonization was actually greater than observed. However, other data have shown that enterococci remain viable after freezing and so it is unlikely that this procedure caused a significant decrease in sensitivity for detection of VRE.29 We also attempted to maximize our yield of VRE by plating to both selective and nonselective media. Another limitation of this study was that an effective analysis of risk factors for acquisition of VRE was not possible owing to the small number of patients who acquired VRE after ICU admission.
We conclude that VRE acquisition among ICU patients frequently occurs prior to ICU admission and that prospective surveillance may yield useful insights into the dissemination of nosocomial VRE beyond what is appreciated by clinical cultures alone. In addition, these results suggest that screening of high-risk patients at the time of admission to the ICU to identify individuals in whom colonization with VRE had already taken place may be a useful infection control strategy. In concordance with several other studies, we were unable to establish vancomycin use as an independent risk factor for VRE colonization.16,17 Further studies are needed to assess the impact of antibiotic control programs on the incidence of VRE.
Accepted for publication September 9, 1998.
We acknowledge partial funding provided by Postdoctoral Training grant 440 from the Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga.
Reprints: Belinda E. Ostrowsky, MD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Hospital Infections Program, MS-A07, Atlanta, GA 30333 (e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.org). | <urn:uuid:affa960c-e56a-47bf-8082-3b446b89c531> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/485075 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721595.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00478-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960925 | 5,237 | 1.53125 | 2 |
The MS 280 is a mid-sized chainsaw that can be adapted to handle most basic wood-cutting tasks around the home. The MS 280 lacks some of the advanced features found on the Stihl's newest chainsaw models, but it does include an anti-vibration system, hand guard, chain brake and chain catcher. This basic saw is suitable for trimming and cutting fallen limbs, but it lacks the size and power of a dedicated tree felling saw.
The MS 280 is a light-duty saw, using a single cylinder two-stroke engine with a displacement of 54.68 cubic centimeters. The engine's cylinder has a bore of 46 mm and a stroke of 32.9 mm. At idle the MS 280's engine is designed to run at 2,800 revolutions per minute.
The MS 280 uses bars that are compatible with chains using a 0.325 or 3/8-inch pitch. You can use Stihl rollomatic brand bars with a sprocket nose that measure 16, 18 or 20 inches. These bars are designed to reduce kickback and are compatible with green labeled low-kickback chains. The MS 280 also is compatible with yellow-labeled bars in 0.325 and 3/8-inch pitch from the duromatic or rollomatic “S” series in the same three sizes. These bars are designed for chains with more aggressive cutting angles that can suffer from stronger kickback in some situations.
Fuel and Oil
The MS 280 is designed for mid-grade gasoline with an octane rating of 89 or better. The gas tank can hold 1.1 pints of fuel and oil. The oil used to lubricate the MS 280's engine is mixed with its fuel at a ratio of 50 to 1. The Stihl corporation recommends only using oil designed for air-cooled two-cycle engines. The MS 280 also lubricates the chain with bar oil while it is in operation. This saw draws oil from a separate tank that has a capacity of 0.6 pints.
The MS 280 comes with a chain brake that prevents the blade of the chainsaw from moving when you start the saw. This brake is designed so that if the saw kicks upwards while you are cutting, the brake lever will strike your hand and stop the chain before it reaches your body. The MS 280 also includes a chain catcher, designed to prevent injuries from a broken chain and a throttle trigger interlock to prevent users from accidentally engaging the chain while the engine is running.
- Hemera Technologies/AbleStock.com/Getty Images | <urn:uuid:01a40dbb-6dae-424f-b8bc-d37b7ecb323a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://homeguides.sfgate.com/information-stihl-ms-280-chainsaw-96529.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00374-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94362 | 524 | 1.710938 | 2 |
Infectious disease caused by the single-celled parasite Plasmodium. Plasmodium spreads inside the patient’s red blood cells until they rupture. This causes the typical Malaria symptom of recurrent periodic fever. The Anopheles mosquito transmits the malaria pathogen. The disease is the primary cause of death of children in Africa. To date, a vaccine does not exist. | <urn:uuid:8e07734e-6469-4c58-a9eb-7f547db49253> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.helmholtz-hzi.de/en/infothek/glossar/entry/malaria/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281162.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00534-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.835781 | 81 | 3.203125 | 3 |
A bartender is somebody who acts alcoholic beverages to buyers within a bar, restaurant or some other place that acts alcoholic drinks, you would become the one behind the bar, or otherwise in your community where customers can easily see you.
You would wear clean apparel and would be responsible for providing and generating beverages, bartenders typically function in bars and bars, but they can also be found in dining places, lounges, hotels, casino houses, and other locations that assist alcoholic beverages.
Nightclub jobs often include more time than other tasks that staff members bars, so that you can make stops satisfy cheaply and easily.
How to Become a Bartender as a Part time Earning Option
There are several ways you can be a 유흥알바 (Nightlife part-timer) bartender being a part time getting option and if you would like get moving now, allow me to share three ideas.
●Help Close friends as being a Bartender – Question your pals once they require a bartender for a couple several hours weekly. You don’t must be a bartender yourself to get results for them and gain extra cash. You’d should just learn to make refreshments and what liquors they serve.
●Turn to On-line Bartending Programs – Online bartending courses are easy to find and can show you everything you should understand about blending beverages being a bartender, web based classes can be obtained on Udemy, Skillshare, and many other areas.
●Use Another Nightclub Career being a Bartender – If you’re seeking a area hustle that doesn’t consume time and effort, you may also consider another bar career to make money like a bartender.
●You’d just need to start off as a barback or some other placement that needs virtually no expertise, from that point, job towards you up and grow a bartender.
Issues You’ll Need to Start Bartending
Once you decide to start bartending, you will will need several things to obtain started out they include a good quality pair of shoes, a couple of high quality closed-toed shoes or boots or available-toed footwear, a pair of cozy footwear, a pair of extended shorts or perhaps a very long-sleeved tshirt, a set of slacks or a set of shorts, a collared shirt, along with a buckle.
In addition to these, you’ll also need a couple of other items, like a container opener, a corkscrew, a shaker, a strainer, a bar pad, a package brush, a bottling bucket, and a mop, and two pail holders.
Knowing the Basics of Mixing up Drinks
Prior to getting started, you’ll need to understand the basic principles of mixing up drinks and this should help you to quickly become a professional at producing refreshments.
●It is important to remember when making beverages is to apply fresh ingredients and ice cubes.
●Refreshing components will preference much better, and ice-cubes will make sure that your drinks are chilly and yummy and when you don’t have new ingredients, your drinks won’t be nearly as good.
●To make certain that your beverages will always be clean, you’ll must make sure you possess an an ice pack-water dispenser. You may also use a shaker, that is a pot which you shake components in until they’re cool.
●If you are making a shaken ingest, you’ll need to make sure that the an ice pack is definitely new.
●When you are not employing ice-cubes, be sure that your beverage is always ice cold with a package of refrigerated water. | <urn:uuid:482a5741-3b3f-4b30-943d-c5fcc729d2d1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://allizine.com/5-tips-for-new-bartenders-to-make-drinks-and-earn-money-at-night/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.952336 | 776 | 1.820313 | 2 |
1740 List of Jurymen, Perquimans County, North Carolina
"Some jury lists survive from the early colonial period. Although comparatively
few in number, lists from many counties appear in Saunders' Colonial Records of
North Carolina and Clark's State Records of North Carolina.
During the period of these lists, jurors were required to be landowners...Service on a
jury establishes several facts for researchers, namely, that a person was of age, that he
resided in a given place, that he owned land (depending on time period) and that he was a
[Quoted from: North Carolina Research: Genealogy
and Local History, 2nd edition, pp. 294-295]
Scanned by Harold Colson in
Source: Colonial Records of North Carolina, Volume IV, pp. 517-518
Monday the 25th of Febry. 1739
The House met according to Adjournment
Resolved that the following list of Jurymen now produced to this House
be added to the former List Vizt.
Ordered the following message be sent to the upper House with the aforesaid List.
May It Please Your Honours
This House have resolved that the several Lists of Jurymen herewith
sent for the several Countys in this Province be added to the former
Lists To wch. wee desire your Honours concurrence. | <urn:uuid:aedbaba5-c892-4d6a-82bc-ffa8bff61920> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://perqtax.homestead.com/files/perqjury1740.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00067-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.939913 | 286 | 2.3125 | 2 |
Predicting who will not respond to therapy is one of the “holy grails” of psychotherapy research. This is because up to a third of patients who enter treatments do not respond. If we could identify what factors predict non-response, special care could be given to the patients who are at risk for not responding. Despite the fact that researchers have attempted to explore who will or will not respond to psychotherapy, consistent predictors of non-response have yet to emerge. Reuter and colleagues (2015) recently analyzed data from patients undergoing inpatient psychotherapy in two German hospitals to try to identify predictors of non-response. Their sample consistent of 546 patients who were treated with a varied therapeutic program including single and group psychotherapy sessions grounded in psychodynamic therapy, as well as art and music therapy, psychoeducation, and concentrative movement therapy. The author measured intake severity, early change at week 4, and symptoms at treatment termination. Non-response to this treatment was defined as the lack of a reliable change or deterioration. To determine the sustained rate of response or future non-response, they also re-interviewed patients in a 3 month follow-up and a 12-month follow-up. Like in other studies, in this study, the strongest and most consistent predictor of who was going to stay well was who responded by week 4 of treatment –34% of the sample— or who had responded by treatment termination, around 60% of the sample including early responders. Patients who had not responded by week 4 had nine times the likelihood of experiencing non-response past that point when compared to patients who had responded very early. The authors also found that patients were also more likely to experience non-response if they entered the trial higher on symptom severity, were less educated, had a personality disorder, or had hostile personalities. Underscoring the importance of early change, the study authors quote Lambert in arguing that potential non-responders “must be identified before termination from treatment… ideally as early as possible.” The authors highlight the need to develop strong therapeutic alliances with patients who have hostile personalities or personality disorders and argue also for the need for “longer and more specific treatments“ for patients who do not respond early on. These findings highlight the importance of measuring symptoms early in the course of psychotherapy and of identifying specific patients groups who are at risk for treatment non-response.
Society for Psychotherapy Research (SPR)
Marna S. Barrett, Ph.D.
Mood & Anxiety Disorders Treatment Research Unit
University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
3535 Market St., Suite 670
Philadelphia, PA 19104 | <urn:uuid:3d69c10b-ccfe-4472-90f3-6d76800cb478> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.psychotherapyresearch.org/news/235198/General-News-Early-detection-of-non-response-in-inpatient-psychotherap.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00549-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958107 | 546 | 2.265625 | 2 |
EDITOR'S NOTE: Meet executive chef Michael Davis, a man with a passion for good food and great cooking techniques. As an occasional guest blogger for Diet-to-Go, Chef Davis will teach us what we should be eating and tell us how it should be cooked so we can match his expertise in our very own kitchen.
I'm going to share a great recipe for delicious oven-baked chicken, but first I want to chew the fat about fats.
Fats are necessary in our bodies to help with the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E and K. These vitamins need some fat present to allow them to absorb into our bodies.
A diet too low in fat will lead to a deficiency in these vitamins. Diets void of fats have actually been linked to strokes.
Well, this is exciting news for all of us fat lovers. How can you not love fats?
Fats add mouth feel to your foods which in turn gives you a certain satisfaction. Fats break down slower so you feel full longer -- and that's surely another satisfaction. The flavor of fats is quite appealing too.
Pork chops, steaks and even chicken all have great flavor in part because of their fat.
The difference between fats is determined by the chain of amino acids a food holds. The amino acid chains are like a chain-link fence.
When this chain link is completely intact it is a saturated fat. A monounsatured fat has one link or bond missing; a polyunsaturated fat has several.
Saturated fats are solid at room temperature.
Trans fats are unsaturated fats that have hydrogen added to the compound, thus making them also solid at room temperature. An example of this would be margarine. These hydrogenated or trans fats should be avoided by looking at the fat portion of the ingredient label.
The FDA requires that these facts advertised if a food contains more than a half-gram of trans fats.
If this article had audio you would hear a sudden screeching of tires due to the sudden stop in the direction that this blog was going.
The bottom line: We need to exercise caution when choosing our fats.
Yes, a certain amount of saturated fats are okay. But that amount should be limited to about 1/3 of our total fat intake for the day. The other 2/3 of our fat intake should be divided up between polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats.
We can pretty much predict where saturated fats come from: Meats, chicken, dairy and oils that are hard at room temperature. Coconut oil and palm oil are saturated but aren't deemed bad for us.
It may not be quite as obvious where the other fats are concerned.
Monounsaturated fats can be found in avocados and olives (green olives are best), seeds and legumes, macadamia nuts, hazlenuts, pecans, almonds, almond butter, cashew butter, pistachios, acorns, beechnuts, sesame seeds, Brazil nuts, pine nuts, pickled herring, sablefish and halibut. As far as oils are concerned, stick with canola, peanut and olive.
Polyunsaturated fats may be found in fatty fish like salmon, sardines, mackerel, herring, trout, and fresh tuna. Other sources include flaxseed, walnuts, soybeans, and pumpkin seeds. Then there are the oils: sesame, safflower, soybean, corn, and sunflower seed.
Check out my recipe for Oven-Fried Chicken with baked sweet potato fries and steamed broccoli.
Oven Fried Chicken
1 whole chicken cut into 1/8's, or use chicken parts
1.5 cup bread crumbs, seasoned
1/2 cup ground flaxseed
2 sweet potatoes, cut into wedges or baked whole
1 head of broccoli cut into florets
1. Preheat oven to 375 degrees
2. Combine bread crumbs and flaxseed
3. In a bowl or gallon-size zippered bag, coat chicken pieces in crumb mixtures
4. Place chicken on a shallow pan or cookie sheet
5. Bake at 375 degrees for 20-35 minutes (best judged by internal temperature of 165 degrees)
6. Cook potato wedges in same oven as chicken until tender
7. Cook broccoli in simmering water for 5-7 minutes until desired doneness
Executive Chef Michael Davis believes that a creative innovation of wholesome foods is the best approach to eating. Foods unadulterated by chemicals, layered in flavors with a picturesque presentation is at the heart of his cooking. For more information, check out Michael's website, thechefscookingschool.com | <urn:uuid:519b5875-e0c4-452d-8073-e8fa9f776b75> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://diettogo.com/blog/chef-davis-cooks-fried-chicken-serves-facts-about-healthy-fats | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00274-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.939475 | 984 | 2.234375 | 2 |
Statistical modelling to predict silicosis risk in deceased Southern African gold miners without medical evaluation
Keywords:gold miner, silicosis, risk prediction, statistical model, classification accuracy
The Qhubeka Trust was established in 2016 in a legal settlement on behalf of former gold miners seeking compensation for silicosis contracted on the South African mines. Settlements resulting from lawsuits on behalf of gold miners aim to provide fair compensation. However, occupational exposure and medical records kept by South African mining companies for their employees have been very limited. Some claimants to the Qhubeka Trust died before medical evaluation was possible, thus potentially disadvantaging their dependants from receiving any compensation. With medical evaluation no longer possible, a statistical approach to this problem was developed. The records for claimants with medical evaluation were used to develop a logistic regression prediction model for the likelihood of silicosis, based on the potential predictors: cumulative exposure to respirable dust, age, years since first exposure, years of life lost prematurely, vital status at 31 December 2019, and a history of tuberculosis diagnosis. The prediction model allowed estimation of the likelihood of silicosis for each miner who had died without medical evaluation and is a novel approach in this setting. In addition, we were able to quantitatively evaluate the trade-offs of different silicosis risk classification thresholds in terms of true and false positives and negatives.
- A statistical approach can be used for risk estimation in settings where the outcome of interest is unknown for some members of a class.
- The likelihood of silicosis in deceased miners without medical evaluation in the Qhubeka Trust can be accurately estimated, using information from finalised claims.
- Strategies for classifying the silicosis status of deceased miners without medical evaluation in the Qhubeka Trust can be assessed in a rigorous, quantitative framework.
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How to Contrast Biochemical Reactions Inside the Body and Chemical Reactions in the Chemistry Laboratory
How to study and contrast the basic differences between chemical reactions inside the body and the reactions in the chemistry laboratory are discussed in the context of this article.
1Define metabolic reactions. Metabolic reactions refer to biochemical reactions that take place inside the body of living systems. This includes mammalians and microorganisms in addition to plants. This type of chemical reactions is characteristic of living tissues only. It is not observed in the chemistry laboratory for example. This type of chemical reactions differs than chemical reactions that take place in the chemical laboratory in several aspects.
2Study the regulation of body temperature as an example of a biochemical reaction. A principal metabolic reaction is the regulation of a constant temperature in the human body, a temperature at which all biochemical reactions inside the body take place. This is in contrast to chemical reactions that take place in the chemical laboratory and which can have variable thermal conditions that depend on the type of reaction. Besides the thermal control of the reaction conditions also other factors can be different between the two types of reactions.
3Be aware that biochemical reactions inside the body are, in most cases, catalyzed reactions that use enzymes for their progress to completion. Enzymes are rarely used in chemistry laboratory. Instead, chemical reactions which occur in the laboratory usually proceed using catalysts that can be organo-metallic reagents or they can be heterogeneous catalysts that are present in the solid state. This type of catalyst is very different from the enzymes used to catalyze biochemical reactions inside the body.
4Contrast the selectivity involved in biochemical reactions with that of the chemical laboratory reactions. One basic difference is the lack of selectivity that is observed in the usual chemical laboratory. In contrast, biochemical reactions inside the body are highly selective and very specific. This is so due to the chiral nature of the enzyme molecule. Enzyme catalysis of biochemical reactions is a very efficient process that proceeds to completion with 100% yield. This process is usually not observed with normal chemical catalysts such as those used in homogeneous catalysis of organic reactions. This type of reactions usually is not selective nor is it specific. A mixture of products is usually obtained in this type of reactions. Also, another difference between the two types of chemical reactions is the unusual type of biochemical reactions that can occur inside the body. This type of reactions is completely specific for metabolic reactions in the body.
5Study the use of enzymes for catalyzing these reactions. This usage can allow for unusual reactions to occur which otherwise do not proceed without the enzyme catalysis. The types of chemical reactions that take place in the chemistry laboratory are very simple reactions that are based on simple rules of chemical reactivity.
- The study of chemical reactions inside the body is completely dependent on the enzyme catalysis. Therefore, usually the kinetics of enzyme catalysis of a given biochemical reaction is extensively studied in order to elucidate the mechanism of reaction and the mechanism of catalysis. The study of chemical reactions in the chemistry laboratory usually is based on spectroscopic and kinetic techniques that can give information about the mechanism of the specific reaction. Also, the experimental techniques that are used in these two types of reactions are very different. This is so due to the difference of molecules which are involved in the chemical reactions. Biochemical reactions are usually done in aqueous media at room temperature. This is in contrast to chemical reactions which occur in the laboratory. In this case organic solvents are usually used instead of water medium. This difference in solvent leads to differences in the separation techniques that are used with each type of reactions. Also, biochemical reactions in aqueous media are environmentally more favorable than reactions in the laboratory that involve organic solvents. | <urn:uuid:042531a2-84ad-40b5-a230-72a078e0e540> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.wikihow.com/Contrast-Biochemical-Reactions-Inside-the-Body-and-Chemical-Reactions-in--the-Chemistry-Laboratory | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00280-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948561 | 764 | 3.640625 | 4 |
Volpicelli et al1 presented an interesting study on the use of naltrexone in the treatment of alcohol- dependence. We make two observations that although seemingly minor nevertheless have an impact on design and reporting in research.
First, we fail to understand why the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS),2 which is customarily used to rate psychosis, was applied to assess psychiatric status; did the authors expect their alcoholic subjects to become psychotic during naltrexone therapy? The futility of having used this scale is apparent from the mean scores in the two groups: 24.3 and 23.3 at baseline and 21.6 and 19.9 at end point. Considering that the BPRS version that was used scores the subject at 17 in the total absence of psychopathology, this scale probably measured emotionality with little sensitivity. More appropriate would have been specific anxiety, depression, and other scales. Also curious is that interrater reliability for the
Andrade C, Kumar Rao NS. Naltrexone and Alcohol Dependence: Some Methodological Issues. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1994;51(4):335. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950040079013 | <urn:uuid:95470361-0f6b-40ad-9740-84902635adb7> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/article-abstract/496583 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720026.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00456-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.931965 | 248 | 1.75 | 2 |
PLD 1996 KARACHI 1
Per G.H. Malik, J.
(a) Constitution of Pakistan (1973), Articles 37, 29, 30 & 199
The provision occurs in Chapter 2 of the Constitution relating to “Principles of Policy” and the status and scope of those principles are delineated by Articles 29 and 30 of the Constitution. Article 29 (1) provides:-
“The principles set-out in this Chapter shall be known as the principles of policy, and it is the responsibility of each organ and authority of the State, and of each person performing functions on behalf of an organ or authority of the State, to act in accordance with those Principle in so far as they relate to the functions of the organ or authority.”[p.8]A
A duty is, thus, cast on the organs and authorities to act in accordance with the principles of policy; but at the same time those principles have been made non-justiciable by Article 30 of the Constitution which provides:
(1) “The responsibility of deciding whether any action of an organ or authority of the State, or of a person performing functions on behalf of an organ or authority of the State, is in accordance with the principles of policy is that of the organ or authority of the State, or of the person concerned.
(2) The validity of an action or of a law shall not be called in question on the ground that it is not in accordance with the principles of policy, and no action shall be lie against the State, any organ or authority of the State or any person on such ground.” [p.8, 9]B
These principles, have been described as “fundamentals to the governance of State” but they are not enforceable by any Court. Therefore, the question of creation of any right, vested or otherwise, in the petitioner by Article 37 of the Constitution does not arise. Mr. Akhund’s submission, however, was that because the separate district of Malir was created in pursuance of the provisions of Article 37, that Article in conjunction with the action taken in pursuance thereof ought to be taken as having created some right in petitioner. [p.9]C
The submission is misconceived because once an action is taken or a law promulgated by an organ or authority of the State in pursuance of the provisions of Article 37, it is that action or that law only which must be examined to see whether any right has thereby been created in any person. There is nothing in the Notification creating Malir District conferring any right on the petitioners.[p.9]D
It is clear from the above passage from Miss Benazir Bhutto’s case that the provisions of Article 37 and 38 are not directly enforceable but are enforceable indirectly as aids in interpretation of other provisions of the Constitution and of legislation. The rule however, is of no avail to the petitioners, because it does not appear that the notification creating the new district of Malir could be construed, even with the aid of Articles 3, 37 and 38 of the Constitution, as creating a right in the petitioners to be admitted to a medical college; and Mr. Akhund did not even attempt to show that it could be so construed. The argument, clearly, is not supported either by reason or by authority.[p.11]E
(b) Constitution of Pakistan (1973), Article 199
r/w Sindh Medical Colleges Act (V of 1987)—–S.3—–
It, thus, appears clear that while a candidate who attains a minimum standard prescribed by the prospectus is eligible to apply for admission to a medical college, his application of admission has to be processed in accordance with the rules and he becomes entitled to admission only upon being selected for admission in accordance with the rules. A distinction, thus, has been made between the right to apply and to be considered for admission to a medical college and the right to be admitted to a medical college, and it is clear that a candidate who attains the requisite qualifications and meets the conditions prescribed by the prospectus in entitled to apply for admission and to have his application considered in accordance with rules.
The question, then, is whether such a right can be termed a “vested right” . As stated hereinabove, a vested right is an immediate or a fixed right to present or future enjoyment and one that is not dependent on any event that is uncertain; in other words, a right which is not subject to any contingency. In the present case, the petitioners are permanent residents of and domiciled in Malir District and they, or at least five of them, have secured more than 50% marks in Intermediate Science (Pre-Medical ((Group) examination. They were, therefore, by virtue of the Rules of Admission contained in the Prospectus, eligible and entitled to apply for admission to a medical college and to have their applications considered according to the relevant rules. That right was not subject to any event or contingency. It was, therefore, a vested right. [p.13]G
The test, in determining whether an action or a decision complained of is reasonable is, therefore, whether and ordinary, prudent and reasonable person would have taken such an action or made such a decision. [p.19]M
The ordinary, prudent and reasonable person is, thus, expected to apply his mind to the question before him which means that he must take into consideration relevant facts and circumstances and arrive at a decision which is in consonance with logic, reason and accepted moral standards. [p.19]N
It would follow that which is unreasonable or arbitrary or capricious would necessarily be unjust.[p.19]P
(c) Constitution of Pakistan (1973), Articles 37, 38 & 199.
The facts, however, remains that the Government continues to allocate seats on the basis of quota for each district of the province ostensibly to provide weightage to those students who, for various reasons, are unable to attain the requisite standard to be able to compete with more able students from other district; and no reason has been advanced to justify the treatment of Malir differently. Therefore, on the basis that the district of Malir was created bona fide for advancement of its educational and other interests and on the assumption that quota system is necessary, no reason has been disclosed for issuance of the impugned notification; in fact, it appears to be thoroughly devoid of logic or reason.
In the circumstances, it is clear that the impugned notification was arbitrary and unreasonable because of lack of application of mind by the authorities who promulgated it to the question and because it appears it appears to have been a knee-jerk reaction rather than considered response to the events following its promulgation. It is also, in the words of Lord Diplock, “so outrageous in its defiance of logic” that no sensible or ordinary, prudent and reasonable person could have promulgated it.[p.22]Q
(d) Constitution of Pakistan (1973), Article 25
The basic or fundamental rule is that all persons, under like circumstances and conditions, shall be treated alike both in privileges conferred and in liabilities imposed. Thus, discrimination between persons or classes of persons similarly situated or circumstanced is prohibited or, in other words, class legislation is forbidden. It follows that the rule does not prohibit different laws or different treatment for those differently circumstanced and the State has the power to distinguish or classify persons or things and to make laws or rules applicable only to the persons or things falling within the particular class. However, a classification which is arbitrary or capricious and not founded on any rational basis or which has no rational nexus with the object sought to be achieved by the law or the rule is no classification. It must, therefore, be achieved by the law or the rule is no classification. It must, therefore, be achieved by the law or the rule is no classification. It must, therefore, be reasonable and rest upon a difference which is real as distinguished from one which is seeming, seeming, specious or fanciful.
Thus, classification would be reasonable and valid:-
(i) If it is based on intelligible differentia which distinguish persons or things that are grouped together from those that have been left out; and
(ii) If it has rational nexus with the object sought to be achieved by it.
“Intelligible differentia”, as stated in Inamur Rahman’s case (at page 588 of the report), means “an attribute by which a species is distinguished from all other species of the same genus, or, a distinguishing mark”.[p.24]R
(e) Constitution of Pakistan (1973), Article 199
It is true that it is not possible for the Courts to sit in judgment over the actions of the Government taken in pursuance of a policy; but the disability of the Courts to do so arises only if from materials disclosed it does not appear that the action taken was merely in colourable exercise of, or in abuse of, power of above of jurisdiction which, as held in Nasrin Fatima’s case, is synonymous with arbitrary action. Besides, it was not case of the Government that the impugned notification was issued in pursuance of any policy. On the contrary, its case was that the Notification was issued in consequence of notice of adjournment motion in the Provincial Assembly and comments in the press. The case of Farzand Ali is, therefore, of no assistance to it.[p.26]S
(f) Constitution of Pakistan (1973), Article 25, 199
Apart from the fact the argument was not supported by the cases relied upon by the learned Advocate-General, surely, it could not possibly have been argued that a “policy” which is ultra vires and which contravenes the provisions of Article 25 of the Constitution would be immune from challenge.[p.27]T | <urn:uuid:9de9bca7-7bb0-46d6-b679-7a1b974586e8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://pakistanconstitutionlaw.com/pld-1996-karachi-1/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00295-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965882 | 2,053 | 2.328125 | 2 |
Delete & Copy Access table thru VB
I have a database named “Erpts.mdb”. In that DB I have a table called “Erpts”.
What I am trying to do is thru VB program copy the table “Erpts” to another
table called “WorkTable” in the same DB. Every time when it runs the program
delete the “WorkTable” and then copy the table “Erpts” as “WorkTable”. I
have the code as below.
Private Sub CopyDBtable()
'copy the table Erpts to a WorkTable,
On Error GoTo errorhandler
Set db = CurrentDb()
Set wrkJet = CreateWorkspace("NewJetWorkspace", "admin", "", dbUseJet)
Set db = wrkJet.OpenDatabase(App.Path & "\Erpts.mdb")
DoCmd.CopyObject , "WorkTable", acTable, "Erpts"
If Err.Number = 3265 Then GoTo CL
ErrStr = Err.Number & Err.Description & " has occured in: CopyDBtable "
So when I run this I am getting the error as
“3078The Microsoft Jet database engine cannot find the input table or query
'WorkTable'. Make sure it exists and that its name is spelled correctly.
occured in CopyDBtable”
If I have the Access database open I am getting the error as
“2486You can't carry out this action at the present time. has occured in:
Is there any other way to delete and copy the table in a DB?
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Ante-Nicene Fathers, Vol VIII:Early Church Fathers Index Previous Next
Pseudo-Clementine Literature.: Chapter XXXIII
Then Peter: “Do not rashly take exception, O Simon, against the things which you do not understand. In the first place, I shall answer your assertion, that I set forth the words of my Master, and from them resolve matters about which there is still doubt. Our Lord, when He sent us apostles to preach, enjoined us to teach all nations 628 the things which were committed to us. We cannot therefore speak those things as they were spoken by Himself. For our commission is not to speak, but to teach those things, and from them to show how every one of them rests upon truth. Nor, again, are we permitted to speak anything of our own. For we are sent; and of necessity he who is sent delivers the message as he has been ordered, and sets forth the will of the sender. For if I should speak anything different from what He who sent me enjoined me, I should be a false apostle, not saying what I am commanded to say, but what seems good to myself. Whoever does this, evidently wishes to show himself to be better than he is by whom he is sent, and without doubt is a traitor. If, on the contrary, he keeps by the things that he is commanded, and brings forward most clear assertions of them, it will appear that he is accomplishing the work of an apostle; and it is by striving to fulfil this that I displease you. Blame me not, therefore, because I bring forward the words of Him who sent me. But if there is aught in them that is not fairly spoken, you have liberty to confute me; but this can in no wise be done, for He is a prophet, and cannot be contrary to Himself. But if you do not think that He is a prophet, let this be first inquired into.”
Matt. 28:19, 20.
Next: Chapter XXXIV
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LATEX: a Document Preparation System : User's Guide and Reference Manual (Paperback)Leslie Lamport
Paperback Published: 30/06/1994
- We can order this
This authoritative user's guide and reference manual for the LATEX computer typesetting system has been revised to document features now available in the new standard software release - LATEX2e. The new edition features additional styles and functions, improved font handling, and enhanced graphics capabilities. Other parts of the book have been revised to reflect user comments and suggestions. Selected sections have been rewritten to explain challenging concepts or functions, and the descriptions of both MakeIndex and BibTEX have been updated. New LATEX users will want to start with this book, and current users, particularly as they upgrade to the LATEX2e software, will be eager to obtain the most up-to-date version of its associated manual. Features *Revised version of the authoritative user's guide and reference manual for the LATEX computer typesetting system. *Features the new standard software release - LATEX2e. *Sections rewritten to explain difficult concepts or functions. 0201529831B04062001
Publisher: Pearson Education (US)
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For Immediate Release
Government invests to help accelerate innovation in Canada’s mining industry
Investment to position Canada’s mining sector to benefit from, and contribute to, Canada’s green economic recovery
July 13, 2021 – Rouyn-Noranda, Quebec
Canada’s mining sector is a crucial part of our economy, and the global demand for minerals is only adding to its potential. The Government of Canada is supporting the continued success of the sector by investing in innovative solutions that will strengthen Canada’s international leadership in sustainable, efficient and safe mining.
Today, the Honourable François-Philippe Champagne, Minister of Innovation, Science and Industry, announced an investment of $40 million in a $112.4-million project of the Centre for Excellence in Mining Innovation Inc. (CEMI). This investment supports the creation of the Mining Innovation Commercialization Accelerator (MICA) Network, a pan-Canadian initiative bringing together stakeholders from a wide range of fields to accelerate the development and commercialization of innovative technologies to make the mining sector more productive and sustainable.
MICA will be headquartered in Sudbury, Ontario, and will operate across Canada through the following main partners: the Bradshaw Research Initiative for Minerals and Mining, InnoTech Alberta, Saskatchewan Polytechnic, MaRS, Le Groupe MISA and the College of the North Atlantic. MICA is an ecosystem initiative designed to modernize mining and improve its productivity and environmental performance, strengthen the Canadian mineral supply chain, and increase the domestic and export sales of Canadian innovators. By accelerating the development and commercialization of innovative autonomous and clean technologies in the mining sector, the initiative is expected to extend the operational lives of existing mines and reduce the time it takes to bring new mineral deposits into production.
With activities that will span the country, including in the North, MICA is expected to support the creation of 900 jobs and at least 12 new businesses; the commercialization of at least 30 new products, services or processes; and the generation of interindustry spillover benefits by introducing innovative non-mining technologies to the mining sector and vice versa. MICA will mobilize investments of at least $100 million from the private sector and expand its membership to over 350 businesses and organizations across the country.
Canada is rich in critical minerals, which are vital to the manufacturing of clean technologies, from solar panels to battery electric vehicles. This investment will support Canada’s mining sector in delivering those minerals to the world more quickly and efficiently, expediting the global shift toward net zero, and positioning Canada as a leader in the global market for net-zero technologies. This project supports the Government of Canada’s goal of making Canada a leading producer of zero-emission products and technologies.
“The mining sector is critical to the Canadian economy as it supports well-paying jobs in communities across the country. Today’s announcement will help bridge the innovation-to-commercialization gap for the benefit of both Canadian mining companies and innovators by providing them with the tools, knowledge and expertise they need to meet the future demands for Canada’s critical minerals. The mining sector is playing a pivotal role in our green recovery and our progress toward net zero, and I look forward to the innovations and the job creation that will come from these new collaborations.”
– The Honourable Francois-Philippe Champagne, Minister of Innovation, Science and Industry
“Nickel Belt–Greater Sudbury’s robust mining history has enabled me to see first-hand how the industry can lead us forward in the 21st century. The critical minerals sector offers tremendous opportunities for producing clean technology, which can help us reach our climate change goals. Today’s announcement is a testament to Canada’s leadership in clean mining technology and expertise that can support further innovative development.”
– Marc Serré, Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Natural Resources
“The commercialization of innovations in the mining industry has never been more important than it is today. Supplying the demand for the minerals and metals needed to advance the green transition to a low-carbon economy is critical, but if mines are to produce more and do so faster, cheaper and more sustainably, implementing innovation is essential. CEMI believes a national innovation network is necessary to identify innovative solutions and integrate them into the system-solutions that the mining industry needs. The MICA Network will help mobilize investments, grow Canadian SMEs and establish Canada’s leadership role in addressing climate change.”
– Douglas Morrison, President, Mining Innovation Commercialization Accelerator Network
- MICA intends to connect Canada’s regional mining clusters and bring together mining companies, mining suppliers, academic and research institutions, innovators from all walks of life, and others to foster knowledge sharing and collaboration and to create technical and business synergies among its members.
- According to the Mining Association of Canada, the mining sector contributed $109 billion, or 5%, to Canada’s GDP in 2019. It directly and indirectly employs 719,000 Canadians, which represents approximately 1 in every 26 jobs in Canada.
- Critical minerals are those that are essential to the economy. They can be used to develop clean technologies, such as solar panels and electric vehicle batteries. They are also used in the aerospace, health care and telecommunications sectors, and demand is increasing rapidly.
- The contribution is being made through the Strategic Innovation Fund (SIF), a program designed to attract and support high-quality business investments across all sectors of the economy. The investment is under Stream 5: SIF support for national innovation ecosystems and their pan-Canadian network-led projects that involve a high degree of collaboration and aim to stimulate innovation and commercialization in areas of Canadian advantage and enhance linkages between businesses and academic/research institutions.
- CEMI has signed on to the Government of Canada’s 50 – 30 Challenge, pledging to increase the representation and inclusion of diverse groups within the workplace and attain gender parity and significant representation of under-represented groups within its senior leadership.
- Strategic Innovation Fund
- Innovation and Skills Plan
- Centre for Excellence in Mining Innovation Inc.
Senior Manager, Communications and Media Relations
Office of the Minister of Innovation, Science and Industry
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada
Vice President, Business Development and Commercialization
Center for Excellence in Mining Innovation
Follow Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada on Twitter: @ISED_CA | <urn:uuid:4246eb5c-bcc2-4b16-861c-18b18604d602> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cemi.ca/news-release-government-invests-to-help-accelerate-innovation-in-canadas-mining-industry/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00479.warc.gz | en | 0.91244 | 1,396 | 1.578125 | 2 |
This step by step diy woodworking project is about mailbox plans. If you want to learn more about building a basic wooden mailbox, we recommend you to pay attention to the instructions described in the article. There are many other designs and plans to choose from when building projects for your backyard, so make sure you take a close look over the related plans that are featured on our site.
There are many plans and designs to choose from, so make sure you take a close look over the rest of the mailbox plans featured on our website. Plan everything with attention and adjust the size and the shape of the table to suit your needs. Plumb the legs and make sure the corners are right-angled before inserting the galvanized screws into place. Drill pilot or pocket holes to prevent the wood from splitting.
Projects made from these plans
- A – 2 pieces of 1×10 lumber – 29″ long SIDES
- B – 1 piece of 1×10 lumber (7 3/4″ wide) – 7 3/4″ long BOTTOM
- C – 1 piece of 1×10 lumber (7 3/4″ wide) – 13 3/4″ long BACK
- D – 1 piece of 1×10 lumber (7 3/4″ wide) – 6 1/4″ long, 1 piece – 4 1/4″ long TOP
- E – 1 pieces of 1×8 lumber – 11 3/8″ long DOOR
- F – 2 pieces of 1/2″ plywood – 5″x6″ long DECORATIVE ELEMENTS
Building a mailbox
The first step of the woodworking project is to build the sides of the mailbox. In order to get the job done in a professional manner, we recommend you to build the components out of 1×10 lumber.
Mark the cut lines with a pencil and make the cuts using a circular saw. Smooth the cut edges using sandpaper and remove the residues with a vacuum cleaner. Make the curved cuts with a jigsaw and smooth the edges.
Continue the outdoor project by attaching the bottom to the structure. As you can easily notice in the diagram, we recommend you to build the components out of 1×10 lumber (adjust the width to 7 3/4″) or out of 3/4″ plywood.
Drill pocket holes along the sides of the bottom and fit it between the sides of the mailbox. Make sure the corners are right-angled and insert 1 1/4″ screws through the bottom into the side components. Add glue to enhance the rigidity of the structure.
Build the back of the mailbox out of 1×10 lumber (adjust the width to 7 3/4″ ) or out of plywood. Make sure you smooth the cut edges with sandpaper and fit the components between the sides.
Drill pocket holes along the side and top edges of the components before fitting it into the opening. Leave no gaps between the components and secure the back to the structure by suing 1 1/4″ screws. Add glue to enhance the rigidity of the structure.
Build the top of the mailbox out of 1×6 lumber (adjust the width to 4 1/4″). Make sure you cut out the rectangular holes using a jigsaw and don’t forget to smooth the edges with sandpaper. In addition, cut the top and the bottom edges of the component at 45 degrees.
One of the last steps of the project is to attach the top components into place, as described in the diagram. Cut the top piece out of 1×10 lumber (adjust the width to 7 3/4″) or use 3/4″ plywood. Drill pocket holes along the sides of the component, fit it into place and secure it to the frame of the mailbox by using 1 1/4″ screws.
Add glue to the joints and make sure there are no gaps between the components. Fit the sloped component to the structure, as in the image.
Build the door for the mailbox out of 1×8 lumber. Fit the door to the mailbox by making sure there is a gap of 1/8″ around the four edges. Secure the door to the structure using metal hinges. In addition, fit a handle and a latch to the door, in order to close it tightly.
In order to enhance the look of the wooden mailbox, we recommend you to build decorative envelopes out of 1/2″ plywood and to attach them to the sides of the structure. Align the elements with attention and secure them to the sides using finishing nails and waterproof glue.
One of the last steps of the woodworking project is to take care of the finishing touches. Therefore, fill the pilot holes with wood putty and smooth the surface with 120-grit sandpaper.
Top Tip: If you want to enhance the look of the woodworking project and to protect the table from decay, we recommend you to cover the components with paint or stain. Place the bench in a proper location and move it whenever necessary.
This woodworking project was about mailbox plans. If you want to see more outdoor plans, we recommend you to check out the rest of our step by step projects. LIKE us on Facebook and Google + to be the first that gets out latest projects. | <urn:uuid:25283780-9f57-43c0-8e97-146a4b5f7b45> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://myoutdoorplans.com/fence/mailbox-plans/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00431-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.899946 | 1,082 | 2.15625 | 2 |
The Hudson Falls NY Post-Star reports the following on 8/15/13:
Tyler Weaver calls himself “the king of the reading club” at Hudson Falls [NY] Public Library. But now it seems Hudson Falls Public Library Director Marie Gandron wants to end his reign and have him dethroned. The 9-year-old boy, who will be starting fifth grade next month, won the six-week-long “Dig into Reading” event by completing 63 books from June 24 to Aug. 3, averaging more than 10 a week. He has consistently been the top reader since kindergarten, devouring a total of 373 books over the five contests, according to his mother, Katie. “It feels great,” said Tyler, an intermediate scholar student at Hudson Falls School. “I think that was actually a record-breaking streak.” Katie said she is “extremely proud” of her son’s accomplishments.
Not everyone is proud. Library Director Marie Gandron reportedly plans to change the rules of the contest so that instead of giving prizes to the children who read the most books, she would draw names out of a hat and declare winners that way.
Tyler’s offense? Cheating? No. His offense is being too capable. He’s not giving others a chance to win. He’s unfair, simply for being too good.
Now let’s think about this for a moment. People with this librarian’s mentality are usually the ones to claim, “Winning doesn’t matter.” But when one person earns first place again and again—well, suddenly it’s unfair because winning suddenly matters?
Such claims are contradictory on their own terms—even if you accept the terms.
But what about those terms? What exactly is wrong with one person raising the standard in any particular activity?
And when Tyler is kicked out of the contest next time, won’t everyone know that the new winner only achieved that position through—well, through lowering the standard of achievement by keeping Tyler out of it?
Talk about a horrendous lesson to be teaching children. This is the kind of example I have in mind when I claim that schools and educators sometimes do more damage than actual good.
Kicking young Tyler out of the reading contest is not only—or even primarily—an attack on Tyler. He’ll probably get over it. But everyone else will lose their hero, or their standard of success. They’ll lose the sense of there being a “bar” to raise or an ideal for which to strive. Their sense of hope and optimism about achievement—not just Tyler’s, but potentially their own—will diminish forevermore.
How sick. How dark. And it’s done in the name of “fairness” and maturity, or sophistication. That’s perhaps the sickest part. It so mirrors the adult world as we know it, particularly these whacko times in which we live.
Tyler will certainly encounter a lot of people like this librarian in his adult life. They’re all around us now, and they won’t be gone by the time he’s 40 or 50. They are the intellectual twits who seek to equalize ability, by fostering the falsehood that everyone is equal in ability when they plainly are not.
What does it tell children—or adults—to reduce achievement and accomplishment to randomly drawing a name out of a hat? Anyone who proposes such a thing is confessing an ignorance about the nature of achievement. Achievements do not happen by chance. They happen through persistence, effort and the determination to succeed at a given task.
Perhaps the confession is not one of ignorance, but envy. “I never got first place; so Tyler can’t have it either.” The psyche of that nasty librarian is probably not an uplifting place where you’d wish to travel.
As a testament to Tyler’s love of reading, a library aide at his school said that a few years ago, the summer theme centered on regions of the United States. Kids were supposed to read a book on each section of the country. A few children dropped out of the program because they didn’t like the subject matter, the aide said, but Tyler read at least one book on each of the 50 states. “It was just something he wanted to do. He read them and told me about them. He wrote a synopsis and his mother typed it up,” she said.
Other children were not interested in accomplishing what Tyler did. This is their prerogative. But why should one of them get the award for being the best reader, if they didn’t put the effort into it? It’s beyond preposterous.
Notice what the librarian does not do. She doesn’t propose doing away with the competition altogether. Nor did she secretly try to rig the results. Instead, she maintains there should still be a competition. A “competition” implies there’s an objective winner. Yet the winner of the “competition” will deliberately be chosen on a basis other than achievement.
It’s as if the librarian is sending the message, “Screw objectivity. Screw results. Life is just a series of lucky or unlucky events. One winner is as good as another. One achievement is no lesser or greater than another.”
Imagine the world if that were true; or if everyone believed it were true. We’d have no inventions. We’d have no electricity, no clean water, no smart phones, no computers, no satellite technology, no medical breakthroughs. All of these things were accomplished by people like Tyler, ones who gave a damn when it came to achievement, and who were motivated to get things done. Achievers are the kind who don’t wait for their name to be drawn out of a hat. That’s the librarian’s world, but not Tyler’s.
Hopefully Tyler’s experience with the librarian will prepare him for what he faces in adulthood. Hopefully, he’ll come to see such people for the petty, unimportant little souls they are. | <urn:uuid:98c33a5e-a6cb-4793-9c91-a355f6473d08> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://capitalismmagazine.com/2013/08/a-new-york-public-librarians-egalitarian-hat-trick/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00553-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968361 | 1,317 | 1.734375 | 2 |
from the not-that-crazy,-actually dept
It seems like a bunch of folks collectively rolled their eyes at the news that superstar singer Taylor Swift (or the people she hires to do these kinds of things) had penned an op-ed in the Wall Street Journal about the “future of music.” Of course, there are few artists out there that inspire rolling eyes like Swift does these days — and there are some nutty claims in her opinion piece (and the writing is… stilted, at best). The main problem with the article is highlighted nicely by Nilay Patel over at Vox, who points out that she doesn’t understand basic economics. And that’s clear from this bit:
In my opinion, the value of an album is, and will continue to be, based on the amount of heart and soul an artist has bled into a body of work, and the financial value that artists (and their labels) place on their music when it goes out into the marketplace. Piracy, file sharing and streaming have shrunk the numbers of paid album sales drastically, and every artist has handled this blow differently.
In recent years, you’ve probably read the articles about major recording artists who have decided to practically give their music away, for this promotion or that exclusive deal. My hope for the future, not just in the music industry, but in every young girl I meet?is that they all realize their worth and ask for it.
Music is art, and art is important and rare. Important, rare things are valuable. Valuable things should be paid for. It’s my opinion that music should not be free, and my prediction is that individual artists and their labels will someday decide what an album’s price point is. I hope they don’t underestimate themselves or undervalue their art.
This is, as Patel notes (and I’ve been discussing for over a decade), a very, very naive view of economics. Based on this, the more you spend putting into the album, the higher you should price it, and the world should reward you for that. That, of course, is not even close to how the world works. You don’t get rewarded based on effort. You get rewarded by providing a product that people want at a price they’re willing to pay. Sometimes, perhaps, pouring more “heart an soul” into the product may help, but plenty of artists put their heart and soul into lots of works and get basically nothing for it. Sometimes it’s because that heart and soul isn’t enough and the product sucks. Sometimes it’s because no one hears the music. Swift is lucky that she has the core of the traditional recording industry and all its marketing muscle behind her. I would imagine that the singer sitting at home in his or her garage pouring their heart and soul into a new recording and hoping to have it heard might find that they’d actually do much better giving the work away for free to get some attention for it.
That said, most of the rest of Swift’s piece is actually a pretty good look into where the music world is these days, in which the focus needs to be on connecting with fans and giving them a unique experience that isn’t easily copied. On connecting with fans, she notes:
There are always going to be those artists who break through on an emotional level and end up in people’s lives forever. The way I see it, fans view music the way they view their relationships. Some music is just for fun, a passing fling (the ones they dance to at clubs and parties for a month while the song is a huge radio hit, that they will soon forget they ever danced to). Some songs and albums represent seasons of our lives, like relationships that we hold dear in our memories but had their time and place in the past.
However, some artists will be like finding “the one.” We will cherish every album they put out until they retire and we will play their music for our children and grandchildren. As an artist, this is the dream bond we hope to establish with our fans. I think the future still holds the possibility for this kind of bond, the one my father has with the Beach Boys and the one my mother has with Carly Simon.
This is like Kevin Kelly’s concept of “true fans.” Of course, it’s weird that Swift would mock the idea of giving away works for free — when it’s possible that giving away such works might actually help artists build those bonds, enabling those true fans to look for ways to support them later.
From there, Swift discusses how giving unique experiences is key to the future of music:
I think forming a bond with fans in the future will come in the form of constantly providing them with the element of surprise. No, I did not say “shock”; I said “surprise.” I believe couples can stay in love for decades if they just continue to surprise each other, so why can’t this love affair exist between an artist and their fans?
In the YouTube generation we live in, I walked out onstage every night of my stadium tour last year knowing almost every fan had already seen the show online. To continue to show them something they had never seen before, I brought out dozens of special guest performers to sing their hits with me. My generation was raised being able to flip channels if we got bored, and we read the last page of the book when we got impatient. We want to be caught off guard, delighted, left in awe. I hope the next generation’s artists will continue to think of inventive ways of keeping their audiences on their toes, as challenging as that might be.
Exactly. There, she’s recognizing the value of a unique experience that can’t be copied or “pirated,” and which people have to pay to experience. And, once again, it seems odd that she’d knock the concept of free music, when that very same free music can help drive a lot more fans to want to go to these unique and special shows in which she “surprises” her fans.
The op-ed comes off a little silly in places, but the overall view of where the future of music is actually is pretty much spot on. Connecting with fans and giving them a unique and valuable experience. It’s almost like something some of us have been saying for many years now. Yeah, the part about free music is a bit off, but the overall vision seems very much in line with reality.
Filed Under: connect with fans, economics, fans, free, music, reason to buy, support, taylor swift, unique experiences | <urn:uuid:a021434e-edc7-43c1-96d5-6decbe535ebf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.techdirt.com/tag/connect-with-fans/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.972239 | 1,409 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Using a Baby Scale from MilkWorks
There are two primary reasons to use a baby scale: to determine your baby’s naked weight, or to determine how much milk your baby removes from your breasts at a feeding.
MilkWorks carries two different scales: the BabyWeigh I (BW I) and the BabyWeigh II (BW II).
To Obtain a Naked Weight:
- Plug the scale into an electric outlet and make sure that the sael is level. The unit should not rock back and forth and the leveling” bubble should be inside the red circle. Adjust the legs of the scale is the scale is not level. Turn the scale on.
- Set the lbs/grams indicator to pounds. On BW I, this button is on the side. On BW II, it is on the front panel. The display should read 0.00.00
- If desired, place a blanket on the scale and press Zero on BW I (on BW II, press the Tare/Zero button). Display should now read 0.00.00
- Undress your baby and put baby on the scale.
- When you notice that the weight indicator locks, write down the weight. Example: 7.07.7 = 7 pounds, 7 ounces and 7/10 of an ounce.
To Determine how much Milk your Baby Removes (aka Pre and Post Feeding Weights):
- Follow step 1 above.
- Set the lbs./grams indicator to grams. On BW I, this button is on the side. On BW II, it is on the front panel. The display should read 0.
- If desired, place a blanket on the scale tray and press Zero on BW I (Tare/Zero button on BW II) to zero out the weight indicator. Display should now read 0.
- Place your baby on the scale tray fully clothed or in just a diaper (not naked).
- When scale locks, push Pre-Feeding button on BW I (Before Feed button on BW II). You may also record this weight on a piece of paper.
- Remove baby from scale and feed baby.
- When finished feeding, do NOT change diaper or clothes. Put baby on scale and push Re-Weigh on BW I (After Feed on BW II). You may also record this weight on a piece of paper.
- Push Post Feeding button on BW I (Amount Fed on BW II). Hold down and the scale will register how much milk baby removed from your breast. If desired, you may manually subtract the pre-weight from the post-weight.
30 grams = 30 ml = 30 cc 30 cc = 1 fluid ounce 16 ounces = 1 pound
A normal newborn may lose up to 10% of their birth weight in the first 4 days. By day 4, a baby should no longer lose weight and should start to gain weight and should be back to birth weight by day 14. By one month of age, or around 10 lbs., a baby will consume 19-30 ounces a day. In the first 3 months, most babies will gain around 7-10 ounces a week. A baby who is gaining well will consistently follow his or her growth curve on the WHO growth chart. | <urn:uuid:331ab774-96aa-47ce-8f5d-39d2c3b731ff> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://milkworks.org/education-support/breastfeeding-information-articles/articles-for-milk-supply-and-babys-weight-gain/using-a-baby-scale-from-milkworks.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00669.warc.gz | en | 0.878137 | 668 | 2.3125 | 2 |
Accession Number : ADA194525
Title : Guided Radiation Beams in Free Electron Lasers.
Descriptive Note : Interim rept.,
Corporate Author : NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
Personal Author(s) : Ting, A ; Sprangle, P ; Hafizi, B ; Tang, C M
PDF Url : ADA194525
Report Date : 19 May 1988
Pagination or Media Count : 51
Abstract : In a free electron laser (FEL), the radiation field, wiggler field and electron beam resonantly couple and modify the refractive index in the vicinity of the electron beam, such that the radiation beam will tend to focus upon the electron beam. From the radiation envelope equation derived from the source dependent expansion (SDE) method of solving the 3-D wave equation in FELs, conditions and parameters necessary to achieve guided radiation beams (constant radius) in the Compton exponential gain regime are obtained for FELs driven by either induction linacs or rf linacs with various transverse profiles of the electron beam. From the efficiency of the guided radiation beam, the trapping potential of the ponderomotive potential prior to saturation and the required beam quality of the electron beam can be obtained. The wiggler field could be tapered to further increase the operating efficiency. The possibility of bending or steering radiation beams in FELs is discussed and a condition necessary for radiation guiding along a curved electron beam orbit is obtained. Keywords: Free electron lasers; Guided radiation.
Descriptors : *FREE ELECTRON LASERS, BEAMS(RADIATION), CURVATURE, ELECTRON BEAMS, ENVELOPE(SPACE), EQUATIONS, EXPANSION, ORBITS, PROFILES, RADIATION, RADIUS(MEASURE), REFRACTIVE INDEX, SOURCES, STEERING, TRANSVERSE
Subject Categories : Lasers and Masers
Distribution Statement : APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE | <urn:uuid:2726248f-4725-4d55-b0ad-37c45881d28a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA194525 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00191-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.798041 | 423 | 1.828125 | 2 |
Adobe Flash CS3 is a powerful program used to create movies, images and interactive objects. Some compositions may have intricate elements and require a closer inspection to create sufficiently. Fortunately, Flash has several methods of zooming in and out of the main stage area. Zooming does not change the actual size of the element; it only changes your current view of it. No zoom method is better than any other. Use the one that is easiest for you.
- Skill level:
Other People Are Reading
Things you need
- Adobe Flash CS3
Select the zoom tool from the toolbar. Your mouse will become shaped like a magnifying glass with a plus sign in it.
Click on the stage area to zoom in at 200 per cent increments. To zoom out, hold the ALT key and click. With ALT, the plus sign on your cursor will become a minus sign.
Click and drag the zoom tool to outline a rectangle box. When you let go of the mouse button, Flash will scale that area within the stage area automatically. This method cannot be used to zoom out.
Double-click the zoom tool in the toolbar to restore zoom to 100 per cent.
Hold the CTRL key or Command key and press the "+" key to zoom in at 200 per cent increments. Similarly, hold CTRL or Command and press the "-" key to zoom out.
Rotate your mouse's click wheel forward to zoom in at 200 per cent increments. Rotate it backward to zoom out.
Click the drop-down menu located in the top right corner of your composition to select a percentage of zoom. This can also be used to see the current level of zoom at all times.
Click "View" from the menu at the top and select "Zoom In" or "Zoom Out". Also, highlight "Magnification" in the same menu to select from a range of preset zoom levels.
Tips and warnings
- The limits of zoom are 2000 per cent and 8 per cent. If you need further levels, you should increase or decrease the size of your elements.
- 20 of the funniest online reviews ever
- 14 Biggest lies people tell in online dating sites
- Hilarious things Google thinks you're trying to search for | <urn:uuid:67313597-f062-44ab-b89a-a286ac6057b6> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.ehow.co.uk/how_7181593_zoom-using-adobe-flash-cs3.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721141.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00415-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.870887 | 461 | 2.5 | 2 |
Добавлено: Вт Янв 05, 2010 3:55 pm Заголовок сообщения: Our world may be a giant hologram
Our world may be a giant hologram
15 January 2009 by Marcus Chown
DRIVING through the countryside south of Hanover, it would be easy to miss the GEO600 experiment. From the outside, it doesn't look much: in the corner of a field stands an assortment of boxy temporary buildings, from which two long trenches emerge, at a right angle to each other, covered with corrugated iron. Underneath the metal sheets, however, lies a detector that stretches for 600 metres.
For the past seven years, this German set-up has been looking for gravitational waves - ripples in space-time thrown off by super-dense astronomical objects such as neutron stars and black holes. GEO600 has not detected any gravitational waves so far, but it might inadvertently have made the most important discovery in physics for half a century.
For many months, the GEO600 team-members had been scratching their heads over inexplicable noise that is plaguing their giant detector. Then, out of the blue, a researcher approached them with an explanation. In fact, he had even predicted the noise before he knew they were detecting it. According to Craig Hogan, a physicist at the Fermilab particle physics lab in Batavia, Illinois, GEO600 has stumbled upon the fundamental limit of space-time - the point where space-time stops behaving like the smooth continuum Einstein described and instead dissolves into "grains", just as a newspaper photograph dissolves into dots as you zoom in. "It looks like GEO600 is being buffeted by the microscopic quantum convulsions of space-time," says Hogan.
If this doesn't blow your socks off, then Hogan, who has just been appointed director of Fermilab's Center for Particle Astrophysics, has an even bigger shock in store: "If the GEO600 result is what I suspect it is, then we are all living in a giant cosmic hologram."
The idea that we live in a hologram probably sounds absurd, but it is a natural extension of our best understanding of black holes, and something with a pretty firm theoretical footing. It has also been surprisingly helpful for physicists wrestling with theories of how the universe works at its most fundamental level.
The holograms you find on credit cards and banknotes are etched on two-dimensional plastic films. When light bounces off them, it recreates the appearance of a 3D image. In the 1990s physicists Leonard Susskind and Nobel prizewinner Gerard 't Hooft suggested that the same principle might apply to the universe as a whole. Our everyday experience might itself be a holographic projection of physical processes that take place on a distant, 2D surface.
The "holographic principle" challenges our sensibilities. It seems hard to believe that you woke up, brushed your teeth and are reading this article because of something happening on the boundary of the universe. No one knows what it would mean for us if we really do live in a hologram, yet theorists have good reasons to believe that many aspects of the holographic principle are true.
Susskind and 't Hooft's remarkable idea was motivated by ground-breaking work on black holes by Jacob Bekenstein of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in Israel and Stephen Hawking at the University of Cambridge. In the mid-1970s, Hawking showed that black holes are in fact not entirely "black" but instead slowly emit radiation, which causes them to evaporate and eventually disappear. This poses a puzzle, because Hawking radiation does not convey any information about the interior of a black hole. When the black hole has gone, all the information about the star that collapsed to form the black hole has vanished, which contradicts the widely affirmed principle that information cannot be destroyed. This is known as the black hole information paradox.
Bekenstein's work provided an important clue in resolving the paradox. He discovered that a black hole's entropy - which is synonymous with its information content - is proportional to the surface area of its event horizon. This is the theoretical surface that cloaks the black hole and marks the point of no return for infalling matter or light. Theorists have since shown that microscopic quantum ripples at the event horizon can encode the information inside the black hole, so there is no mysterious information loss as the black hole evaporates.
Crucially, this provides a deep physical insight: the 3D information about a precursor star can be completely encoded in the 2D horizon of the subsequent black hole - not unlike the 3D image of an object being encoded in a 2D hologram. Susskind and 't Hooft extended the insight to the universe as a whole on the basis that the cosmos has a horizon too - the boundary from beyond which light has not had time to reach us in the 13.7-billion-year lifespan of the universe. What's more, work by several string theorists, most notably Juan Maldacena at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, has confirmed that the idea is on the right track. He showed that the physics inside a hypothetical universe with five dimensions and shaped like a Pringle is the same as the physics taking place on the four-dimensional boundary.
According to Hogan, the holographic principle radically changes our picture of space-time. Theoretical physicists have long believed that quantum effects will cause space-time to convulse wildly on the tiniest scales. At this magnification, the fabric of space-time becomes grainy and is ultimately made of tiny units rather like pixels, but a hundred billion billion times smaller than a proton. This distance is known as the Planck length, a mere 10-35 metres. The Planck length is far beyond the reach of any conceivable experiment, so nobody dared dream that the graininess of space-time might be discernable.
That is, not until Hogan realised that the holographic principle changes everything. If space-time is a grainy hologram, then you can think of the universe as a sphere whose outer surface is papered in Planck length-sized squares, each containing one bit of information. The holographic principle says that the amount of information papering the outside must match the number of bits contained inside the volume of the universe.
Since the volume of the spherical universe is much bigger than its outer surface, how could this be true? Hogan realised that in order to have the same number of bits inside the universe as on the boundary, the world inside must be made up of grains bigger than the Planck length. "Or, to put it another way, a holographic universe is blurry," says Hogan.
This is good news for anyone trying to probe the smallest unit of space-time. "Contrary to all expectations, it brings its microscopic quantum structure within reach of current experiments," says Hogan. So while the Planck length is too small for experiments to detect, the holographic "projection" of that graininess could be much, much larger, at around 10-16 metres. "If you lived inside a hologram, you could tell by measuring the blurring," he says.
When Hogan first realised this, he wondered if any experiment might be able to detect the holographic blurriness of space-time. That's where GEO600 comes in.
Gravitational wave detectors like GEO600 are essentially fantastically sensitive rulers. The idea is that if a gravitational wave passes through GEO600, it will alternately stretch space in one direction and squeeze it in another. To measure this, the GEO600 team fires a single laser through a half-silvered mirror called a beam splitter. This divides the light into two beams, which pass down the instrument's 600-metre perpendicular arms and bounce back again. The returning light beams merge together at the beam splitter and create an interference pattern of light and dark regions where the light waves either cancel out or reinforce each other. Any shift in the position of those regions tells you that the relative lengths of the arms has changed.
"The key thing is that such experiments are sensitive to changes in the length of the rulers that are far smaller than the diameter of a proton," says Hogan.
So would they be able to detect a holographic projection of grainy space-time? Of the five gravitational wave detectors around the world, Hogan realised that the Anglo-German GEO600 experiment ought to be the most sensitive to what he had in mind. He predicted that if the experiment's beam splitter is buffeted by the quantum convulsions of space-time, this will show up in its measurements (Physical Review D, vol 77, p 104031). "This random jitter would cause noise in the laser light signal," says Hogan.
In June he sent his prediction to the GEO600 team. "Incredibly, I discovered that the experiment was picking up unexpected noise," says Hogan. GEO600's principal investigator Karsten Danzmann of the Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics in Potsdam, Germany, and also the University of Hanover, admits that the excess noise, with frequencies of between 300 and 1500 hertz, had been bothering the team for a long time. He replied to Hogan and sent him a plot of the noise. "It looked exactly the same as my prediction," says Hogan. "It was as if the beam splitter had an extra sideways jitter."
Incredibly, the experiment was picking up unexpected noise - as if quantum convulsions were causing an extra sideways jitter
No one - including Hogan - is yet claiming that GEO600 has found evidence that we live in a holographic universe. It is far too soon to say. "There could still be a mundane source of the noise," Hogan admits.
Gravitational-wave detectors are extremely sensitive, so those who operate them have to work harder than most to rule out noise. They have to take into account passing clouds, distant traffic, seismological rumbles and many, many other sources that could mask a real signal. "The daily business of improving the sensitivity of these experiments always throws up some excess noise," says Danzmann. "We work to identify its cause, get rid of it and tackle the next source of excess noise." At present there are no clear candidate sources for the noise GEO600 is experiencing. "In this respect I would consider the present situation unpleasant, but not really worrying."
For a while, the GEO600 team thought the noise Hogan was interested in was caused by fluctuations in temperature across the beam splitter. However, the team worked out that this could account for only one-third of the noise at most.
Danzmann says several planned upgrades should improve the sensitivity of GEO600 and eliminate some possible experimental sources of excess noise. "If the noise remains where it is now after these measures, then we have to think again," he says.
If GEO600 really has discovered holographic noise from quantum convulsions of space-time, then it presents a double-edged sword for gravitational wave researchers. One on hand, the noise will handicap their attempts to detect gravitational waves. On the other, it could represent an even more fundamental discovery.
Such a situation would not be unprecedented in physics. Giant detectors built to look for a hypothetical form of radioactivity in which protons decay never found such a thing. Instead, they discovered that neutrinos can change from one type into another - arguably more important because it could tell us how the universe came to be filled with matter and not antimatter (New Scientist, 12 April 2008, p 26).
It would be ironic if an instrument built to detect something as vast as astrophysical sources of gravitational waves inadvertently detected the minuscule graininess of space-time. "Speaking as a fundamental physicist, I see discovering holographic noise as far more interesting," says Hogan.
Small price to pay
Despite the fact that if Hogan is right, and holographic noise will spoil GEO600's ability to detect gravitational waves, Danzmann is upbeat. "Even if it limits GEO600's sensitivity in some frequency range, it would be a price we would be happy to pay in return for the first detection of the graininess of space-time." he says. "You bet we would be pleased. It would be one of the most remarkable discoveries in a long time."
However Danzmann is cautious about Hogan's proposal and believes more theoretical work needs to be done. "It's intriguing," he says. "But it's not really a theory yet, more just an idea." Like many others, Danzmann agrees it is too early to make any definitive claims. "Let's wait and see," he says. "We think it's at least a year too early to get excited."
The longer the puzzle remains, however, the stronger the motivation becomes to build a dedicated instrument to probe holographic noise. John Cramer of the University of Washington in Seattle agrees. It was a "lucky accident" that Hogan's predictions could be connected to the GEO600 experiment, he says. "It seems clear that much better experimental investigations could be mounted if they were focused specifically on the measurement and characterisation of holographic noise and related phenomena."
One possibility, according to Hogan, would be to use a device called an atom interferometer. These operate using the same principle as laser-based detectors but use beams made of ultracold atoms rather than laser light. Because atoms can behave as waves with a much smaller wavelength than light, atom interferometers are significantly smaller and therefore cheaper to build than their gravitational-wave-detector counterparts.
So what would it mean it if holographic noise has been found? Cramer likens it to the discovery of unexpected noise by an antenna at Bell Labs in New Jersey in 1964. That noise turned out to be the cosmic microwave background, the afterglow of the big bang fireball. "Not only did it earn Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson a Nobel prize, but it confirmed the big bang and opened up a whole field of cosmology," says Cramer.
Hogan is more specific. "Forget Quantum of Solace, we would have directly observed the quantum of time," says Hogan. "It's the smallest possible interval of time - the Planck length divided by the speed of light."
More importantly, confirming the holographic principle would be a big help to researchers trying to unite quantum mechanics and Einstein's theory of gravity. Today the most popular approach to quantum gravity is string theory, which researchers hope could describe happenings in the universe at the most fundamental level. But it is not the only show in town. "Holographic space-time is used in certain approaches to quantising gravity that have a strong connection to string theory," says Cramer. "Consequently, some quantum gravity theories might be falsified and others reinforced."
Hogan agrees that if the holographic principle is confirmed, it rules out all approaches to quantum gravity that do not incorporate the holographic principle. Conversely, it would be a boost for those that do - including some derived from string theory and something called matrix theory. "Ultimately, we may have our first indication of how space-time emerges out of quantum theory." As serendipitous discoveries go, it's hard to get more ground-breaking than that.
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Well its an undeveloped point, at least on this site. There is no obvious pertinence as to what George Bush is currently doing as Islamists overrun swaths of Iraq. The far more pertinent question seems to be what is/isnt the current president doing. | <urn:uuid:ffd07e2f-e581-4797-9826-4e2ceba9427f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://slavanthro.mybb3.ru/viewtopic.php?p=241980 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570868.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808152744-20220808182744-00078.warc.gz | en | 0.950835 | 3,367 | 2.5 | 2 |
The Comox Valley School District is saying that school property vandalism hurts all valley students.
The district is picking up the pieces after a rash of vandalism at three schools last weekend.
A number of windows were broken from large rocks thrown at Highland Secondary School and Ecole Robb Road Elementary.
A third site, a construction trailer located at Ecole Puntledge Park, was also damaged when it was broken into.
The district says this vandalism will cost it funding that would have been allocated to other resources that would benefit students and staff.
Superintendent of Schools, Tom Demeo, said vandalism impacts the entire district.
“An attack on one school is an attack on all schools,” Demeo said.
“The cost of repairs and the overtime for our carpentry staff will come out of funds that could be directed toward other programs. Sadly, when the district has to reallocated money, it has an effect on all students.”
The cost of the damage is estimated at $2,000.
Roughly 15 hours of labour went into repairing and replacing windows and cleaning up the shard glass inside the schools.
The RCMP was notified immediately about the vandalism and asking the public to report any suspicious behaviour that neighbours or bystanders may have witnessed at any of the three school locations. | <urn:uuid:64947a00-d7da-464b-acbf-501a39def4d1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mycomoxvalleynow.com/60845/news/vandals-smash-comox-valley-school-windows-with-rocks-damage-construction-trailer/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.976793 | 271 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Boston, Massachusetts, ranks among one of the best city breaks in the USA, ideal for a short getaway or as part of a longer vacation.
The city is steeped in history – and let’s be honest, not everywhere in the US can make the same claim. But history enthusiasts and those looking to delve a little deeper into Boston’s backstory will find a wealth of fascinating sights while in town.
For the latest Government travel advice please click here Foreign travel advice – GOV.UK (www.gov.uk)
The Freedom Trail is the perfect place to start exploring. This two-and-a-half-mile street takes in a number of historically significant buildings, monuments and landmarks, including Park Street Church, the Massachusetts State House, Boston Green and 13 others.
Boston holidays also must include a visit to the Boston Tea Party Ships and Museum. The floating museum is a great way to engage the kids in an event which changed the course of American history. With live actors, interactive exhibits and a multi-sensory documentary, it’s the perfect activity for family holidays in Boston.
Elsewhere, the Museum of Science and Samuel Adams Brewery also make for great ways to spend an afternoon.
Sports fans can head to Fenway Park, home of the Boston Red Sox. The regular baseball season runs from around late March to late September, while post-season games can continue until early November.
If you’re looking for a spot of relaxation during holidays in Boston, the gorgeous Boston Public Garden provides tranquility in the heart of the city, with statues, monuments and a lake to wander around. It’s also located right next to Boston Common, the oldest public park in the entire USA.
Other than significant moments in history, Boston is also famed for its east coast cuisine – most notably clam chowder and lobster. You’ll find plenty of local restaurants at which to sample the delicious seafood, so be sure to add this to the agenda.
From the Big Apple to the Golden Gate Bridge we’ve got a ten gallon hat full of great American holidays
For all the latest news and offers sign up now… | <urn:uuid:b333b899-97a5-4b10-ae47-2a2e25e8ee69> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sunnyhearttravel.com/destinations/north-america/usa/boston/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.919239 | 445 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Life-transforming technology out of reach for young disabled people, due to high cost
A press release:
Young disabled people are missing out on technology that could transform their lives, with three out of four unable to afford adapted equipment, according to a report released today (Wednesday 2 December).
The 600-strong young disabled campaigners group, Muscular Dystrophy UK Trailblazers, tells how technology plays a vital role in helping disabled people to live independently, work, socialise and study. However, gadgets like adapted smartphone controls, equipment to manage their home environment and voice recognition and eye-reading technology, remain financially out of reach for too many young people. Many members of Trailblazers have muscle-wasting conditions, and may have little muscle strength, meaning they struggle to type, grip or to hold heavier objects.
The group’s report, Switched on, also found that young disabled people are struggling to find out about technology that could make a difference to their lives, with no single source of information on assistive apps, gadgets, hardware and software available.
Of the young disabled people who were interviewed for the report*:
- Three-quarters do not have the assisted technology they need because they can’t afford it
- A third felt isolated because of a lack of assistive technology
- Three in four said technology helped them with daily activities at home
- Fifty percent said assistive technology helped them with education
At a meeting in Parliament today*, Trailblazers is calling on the Government, the NHS and technology firms to look at ways of making life-enhancing technology more affordable; and to help young disabled people find out about what is available for them.
Jennifer Gallacher (32) from Middlesbrough has the neuromuscular condition, spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). She said:
“I’m unable to do many of the simple things people do without even thinking about it, opening the door, going to the toilet or even holding a phone to my ear. Technology gives me independence at home. I would be completely lost without it, and totally reliant on my parents. It wouldn’t be possible to leave me on my own, even for a few hours. I have a door entry system, which I can use from the living room or bedroom, a ceiling hoist to move between rooms and a device which helps me use the bathroom.
“I feel extremely lucky that the NHS recognised the impact this equipment would have on my life, and that I haven’t had to struggle to cover the costs myself, but I know this is the case for many others. For people who have limited movement, there are so many obstacles out there. When you are at home, being able to live your life freely, to use your bathroom, your phone or even let a guest through your own front door, really can mean the world.”
Tanvi Vyas, Project Manager for Muscular Dystrophy UK Trailblazers, said:
“Technology has a huge role to play in increasing independence for young disabled people. The right assistive gadgets can transform home, university, working and social life. Yet too many are missing out because of poor financial support and the often eye-watering costs of buying privately. We need the Government, NHS and tech firms to work together to bring down costs, and to make it easier for people to find out about what is out there to help them.”
* What: Meeting of the All Party Parliamentary Group for young disabled people
When: Weds 2nd December, 3:00pm – 4:30pm
Where: Boothroyd Room, Portcullis House, Westminster | <urn:uuid:05c1ff73-16fb-4d62-b9bd-49f419120373> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://samedifference1.com/2015/12/02/life-transforming-technology-out-of-reach-for-young-disabled-people-due-to-high-cost/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00190-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963182 | 765 | 2.734375 | 3 |
This course examines Chinese cultural traditions and values through contemporary media produced in China, Taiwan and Hong Kong. Background readings and literary works will provide students with the necessary historical and cultural context for each work. Class discussions will focus on the political, social and cultural transformations presented in the media. Special attention will be paid to topics such as family, class issues, gender and identity.
Total Instructional Hours
Mode of Delivery | <urn:uuid:1a163b0e-0b9b-4a74-a8d6-914d38d26dbf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://utm.calendar.utoronto.ca/course/chi314h5 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.85858 | 110 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Buying cryptocurrency is not similar to buying a loaf of bread in a shop. You need the platform that facilitates you to find the best dealer or the consumer who will buy or sell their cryptocurrency in that place. Click here for more: crypto.nl.
There are many crypto exchange platforms out there. You can mention some of the big names such as Bitvavo, LiteBit, or Bitonic. Their experience in providing the service is proven over time.
Most of the traders also need some of the storage that gives them space to place their coins securely. Hence, most crypto trading platforms, especially the big names above, also provide these e-wallets or crypto wallets to their customers.
E-Wallets or crypto wallets are one of the aspects that need to be considered before choosing the best platform for you. Actually, there are a lot of factors that you need to mind before you choose them.
For the first run, you may need to look over their supported cryptocurrencies. Some of the platforms usually support various cryptos in their platform, but some of them only focus on the specific crypto-only such as Bitonic that only accept and support the Bitcoin transaction only.
After that, you can review their fees upon the service. You need to know that the service fee over the transaction is various. Some platforms only charge below 1%, and some others are able to charge you more than 2%. This is a big deal since you have to pay it whenever you purchase or trade your coins.
Everything out there is already settled to buy now almost any existent coin. However, you must be aware of all details and fees involved.
In this article, you are going to get the comprehended information about the best crypto exchange platform to help you get the maximum benefit over your trading activity. Let’s get started.
What is a cryptocurrency exchange?
Cryptocurrency exchange can be associated as the place or platform that supports any of your activities regarding the trading or transaction by using cryptocurrencies and fiat currency. Some people are confused about this. They, sometimes, associate cryptocurrency exchange with the stocks exchange, which actually both of those matters is totally different. The main commodity in cryptocurrency is the crypto per se, while in the stocks exchange, they are selling, buying, and trading the stocks market only.
On cryptocurrency exchange, you can trade the crypto coins by exchanging them with the other cryptos or changing them with real money, while in the stocks exchange, you will only pay your stocks with the real money and cannot trade it with the other payment object.
The Top 3 Bitcoin And Crypto Investing Sites
Bitonic is an innovation in the crypto exchange industry today. It is also known as the renowned Bitcoin broker in the entire Netherlands, especially in Amsterdam and Baarn, where they are headquartered. Bitonic first appeared in Spring 2012 as the company that focuses on providing the best platform for selling or purchasing Bitcoin in Europe. Their good reputation has resulted in successful selling, which is known that until today, they have already sold more than 400.000+ Bitcoins from their platform. In 2017, Bitonic launched their advanced Crypto exchange platform named BL3P, that success hit the Crypto market until today in 2022.
Bitvavo was founded in 2017. They originated as a broker but soon shifted to an exchange platform. The status as an exchange platform allowed them to offer standard payment methods such as credit card or bank transfer, combined with super low trading fees. Some competitors charge payments up to 3% in each transaction. At the same time, Bitvavo sets a maximum of 0.25% fee in each transaction.
LiteBit is a Crypto exchange platform based in Arnhem, Netherland. This platform can be categorized as the Cryptocurrency exchange pioneer because LiteBit has already been working in this industry since 2013. LiteBit is having a broad vision for the future. It can be proven by their action in 2013 when everyone is not excited and does not know a thing about crypto. LiteBit is quite brave to establish the platform for people buying and selling their cryptos. Today, their effort in the past resulted in a great result as the giant of the crypto exchange platform in Europe.
How To Deposit To Buy Bitcoin And Crypto
Placing your money as the deposit interest in cryptocurrency’s platforms is not as hard as you may think before. All you have to do is just follow the instructions from each platform. If you still want to know about the steps in deposit your money, here is the standard step that you can apply on various crypto exchange platforms:
First, you can select the fiat currency that you want to use to deposit. You can choose between USD, JPY, EUR, and many other currencies. In this step, you need to look carefully at whether your money is being listed or not.
After that, you can click the affirmation button. It is commonly manifested as the “proceed,” “deposit,” or “confirm” button.
Then, the payment menu will be popped up. In this step, you can choose the platform’s payment method, such as credit card, cash, or bank transfer.
Once you finish choosing the payment method, you will get the invoice for the transaction detail that just happened. Please look at it carefully before you leave the process because it is very important. Next, wait for the confirmation or notification that informs you if the deposit process is a success.
Last, you can monitor your interest by checking it directly to the platform’s website, or you can download the e-wallets app to make it easier to watch over your money.
To deposit your money on the crypto exchange platform, you need to read their guide and steps. Why? Because each of the crypto exchange platforms is having a different method of depositing the money. If you read it carefully, we guarantee that your money is 100% secure. One more, make sure that your account is backed up with additional protection such as the two-step verification and so on to make your account safer from any losing potentials. | <urn:uuid:9e1806ac-63e3-42e2-b7f9-78b5c2bb8466> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pmcaonline.org/best-crypto-exchange-platforms/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.962705 | 1,263 | 1.617188 | 2 |
The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.
Given the powerfully negative and ongoing impact of the Great Recession on western economies, the question of whether historically wealthy nations--the US, Western European countries, Japan--can stay wealthy has become an overriding concern for virtually every interested observer. Can their middle classes remain comfortable as more and more good and technically jobs disappear to other parts of the world? Can they support themselves as they devote more and more economic resources to an aging population base? InThe Third Globalization, eminent political economists Dan Breznitz and John Zysman gather some of the discipline's leading scholars to assess the prospects for growth and prosperity among advanced industrial nations. Throughout, they examine the core transformation in the economies of the advanced countries, the character of the challenge from the emerging economies, and the varied policy responses of the advanced countries. And, via a series of case studies, the contributors consider the central challenges these countries face internally and the nature of their responses. In particular, they ask what governments might do to achieve the goal of generating and retaining highly productive economic activity, which they collectively regard as necessary for sustained growth. In total, the book directly challenges a number of core policy and academic assumptions about the dynamics of contemporary advanced economies by looking at the problem from three different angles: a) a macro perspective, which considers the forces changing the policy and political economy landscape after the crisis; b) a sectoral perspective, which explains how these forces unleashed major shifts within critical domains and industries; and c) a policy perspective that concentrates on the responses to the Great Recession of both the already rich nations and the new, game transforming, competitors such as China and India. All told, the book's powerful analysis of a current global problem--weak growth in the world's longtime growth engines--that is of concern to everyone will make this essential reading for scholars and policymakers from across the social sciences.
Dan Breznitz is Associate Professor of Political Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, and author of Run of the Red Queen (Yale UP) and Innovation and the State (Yale UP). John Zysman is Professor of Political Science, UC-Berkeley, and co-author of Manufacturing Matters (Basic Books) | <urn:uuid:c32dcb9d-cb1b-43b7-ac76-aa29ebc63c5c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ecampus.com/third-globalization-can-wealthy-nations/bk/9780199917822 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00545-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.923073 | 480 | 1.671875 | 2 |
We love to explore New York. Ever since moving way uptown to Washington Heights, we’ve been walking, running, and nosing about to discover the good, the bad, and the ugly about our little neighborhood. When we discovered that there was a little red lighthouse under the George Washington Bridge, we were intrigued. This weekend, we’re going to search for it.
In 1942, THE LITTLE RED LIGHTHOUSE AND THE GREAT GRAY BRIDGE, written by Hildegarde Swift and illustrated by Lynd Ward brought the little lighthouse into the spotlight. The lighthouse, formally known as Jeffrey’s Hook Light, has begun to wonder if it is still needed after the George Washington Bridge is built with a large light on top. On one particularly stormy night, the man who turns on the hard working little lighthouse’s light does not come, and a tug boat crashes into the rocks. The George Washington Bridge calls down to the light house, telling it that it is still important, and that everyone has a job to do. The man eventually comes and turns on the light, and the lighthouse valiantly continues its job, feeling reassured by the bridge’s words.
This weekend, we will begin our search. Starting at the 181st A train stop in Washington Heights (well, we’ll start from our apartment but we want you to know how to get here, too), we’ll turn and walk down the hill toward the river and bridge. We enjoy libations on literary searches, so we’ll stop in at our local favorite Le Chéile on 181st and Cabrini for a pint. Continuing down 181st, we’ll walk west to Plaza Lafayette, located on Riverside Drive. We’ll cross the footbridge and take a left down the path continuing under the overpass crossing (yikes), over the railroad tracks, and follow the path to the left. Finally, feeling a bit like we’re going on a bear hunt or over the river and through the woods to grandmother’s house, we’ll arrive at the lighthouse, which is almost directly under the George Washington Bridge.
In 1947, just five years after the book was published, the little red lighthouse was decommissioned and abandoned. The lighthouse was slated for demolition and the metal was to be sold for scrap. Children across the United States who had loved the book revolted and started a nationwide campaign to save this historic landmark. The little red lighthouse was saved, and is now under the careful watch of the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. It is inspiring to see how a book can change the course of history, and this weekend, we aim to pay homage to Ms. Hildegarde Swift and her illustrator, Lynd Ward who together somehow managed to weave a story so captivating that the children were inspired to act. What will you do to continue this tradition of excellent story telling? | <urn:uuid:a9476e4f-e0d9-4b31-82c5-e9f2f484d3ed> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://literaryman.com/2012/05/11/scouting-about-for-the-little-red-lighthouse-in-nyc/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285289.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00154-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959421 | 610 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Learner's definition of STAYING POWER
the quality or ability that allows someone or something to continue to be effective, successful, popular, etc., for a long period of time
a long-distance runner with a lot of staying power
a song with staying power
Her staying power as a pop icon is remarkable. | <urn:uuid:cdb9107b-7a01-463b-a126-00b4358f9d49> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.learnersdictionary.com/definition/staying%20power | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00475-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.919733 | 66 | 1.96875 | 2 |
You need to keep an open mind.
A common suggestion offered to naysayers of nonsense.
The usual retort concerns not letting one’s brain fall out.
Evaluating SCAM’s is less about having an open mind and more about having standards, a conceptual framework that is used to interpret and analyze new information. One of the benefits of writing and reading topics covered by science-based medicine (SBM) is it has clarified and sharpened the ideas by which I understand the world. Those concepts were nicely summed up by Steve Novella at Neurologica, and I reproduce them here, slightly modified. They should be on stone tablets, not quite commandants, but strong suggestions. The 8 strong suggestions somehow doesn’t cut it however.
- Respect for knowledge and truth – SBM values reality and what is true. We therefore endeavor to be as reality-based as possible in our beliefs and opinions. This means subjecting all claims to a valid process of evaluation.
- Methodological Naturalism – SBM believes that the world is knowable because it follows certain rules, or laws of nature. The only legitimate methods for knowing anything empirical about the universe follows this naturalistic assumption. In other words – within the realm of the empirical, you don’t get to invoke magic or the supernatural.
- Promotion of Science – Science is the only set of methods for investigating and understanding the natural world. Science is therefore a powerful tool, and one of the best developments of human civilization. We therefore endeavor to promote the role of science in our society, public understanding of the findings and methods of science, and high quality science education. This includes protecting the integrity of science and education from ideological intrusion or anti-scientific attacks. This also includes promoting high quality science, which requires examining the process, culture, and institutions of science for flaws, biases, weaknesses, and fraud.
- Promotion of Reason and Critical Thinking – Science works hand-in-hand with logic and philosophy, and therefore SBM also promotes understanding of these fields and the promotion of critical thinking skills.
- Science vs. Pseudoscience – SBM seeks to identify and elucidate the borders between legitimate science and pseudoscience, to expose pseudoscience for what it is, and to promote knowledge of how to tell the difference.
- Ideological Freedom/Free Inquiry – Science and reason can only flourish in a secular society in which no ideology (religious or otherwise) is imposed upon individuals or the process of science or free inquiry.
- Neuropsychological Humility – Being a functional SBM proponent requires knowledge of all the various ways in which we deceive ourselves, the limits and flaws in human perception and memory, the inherent biases and fallacies in cognition, and the methods that can help mitigate all these flaws and biases.
- Consumer Protection – SBM endeavors to protect themselves and others from fraud and deception by exposing fraud and educating the public and policy-makers to recognize deceptive or misleading claims or practices.
An excellent list of the mindset I strive to achieve, with variable success. I have always been reasonably well versed in methodological naturalism. Science in general (physics, chemistry, etc.), and the basic sciences of medicine (physiology, anatomy, biochemistry, etc.) have always been the starting point of my understanding of the world and the practice of medicine. The breadth and depth of understanding of the natural world these disciplines provide is amazing.
My time in science-based medicine has reinforced the validity of methodological naturalism, already strong, but added components that had never been addressed in my formal education. One is the importance of prior probability. In the teaching program at my hospital prior probability is usually invoked in the context of determining if a test result is likely to a true positive. In the real world of medical practice prior plausibility for therapeutic interventions is rarely a consideration. In my 30 years I have seen a lot medical interventions come and go, but none have been attempted or abandoned because of a priori implausibility. Mine has not been a practice where magic is attempted. Good ideas for therapy, based on interfering with known pathophysiology, sometimes are not effective.
With an understanding of how the natural world functions, a consideration of prior plausibility, combined with knowledge of the multitudinous ways in which we can fool ourselves and others, allows for near-instant pattern recognition that a medical intervention is nonsense, that it cannot be effective. Like treating a stuffy nose.
One of my favorite goofy therapies is the wet sock treatment, beloved by naturopaths and, along with homeopathy, evidence that naturopathic practice is divorced from any reality I know:
- Take a pair of cotton socks and soak them completely with cold/ice water. Be sure to wring the socks out thoroughly so they do not drip. (May place the wet, wrung out thin socks in the freezer as well. Hang them on a freezer shelf so they are easy to remove).
- Warm your feet first. This is very important as the treatment will not be as effective and could be harmful if your feet are not warmed first. Place and soak your lower legs into the bucket of hot water which you have prepared (be sure the water is quite hot (an indicator for the proper temperature is one may slowly place their lower legs into the bucket as they tolerate the heat).
- Soak your lower legs in the bucket for approximately 3 to 5 minutes or taking a warm bath beforehand can accomplish warming.
- Dry off feet with a dry towel.
- Remove socks from the ice water bucket. Wring out well. – OR have someone remove your socks from the freezer and bring them to you.
- Place cold wet socks on feet.
- Cover with thick wool socks.
- Go directly to bed, lay down and watch a movie, or read a book. Avoid getting chilled.
- Keep the socks on overnight. Place the second set of pajamas next to the bed.
- During the night, you may wake up with your whole body wet from sweat. If so, change into the dry pajamas, but leave on the socks. You will find that the wet cotton socks will be dry in the morning.
- Do nightly if your symptoms have not yet improved
- Stop the Wet Sock Treatment if your symptoms have abated or gone altogether
How does wet sock treatment work?
This treatment acts to reflexively increase the circulation and decrease congestion in the upper respiratory passages, head, and throat. It has a sedating action and many patients report that they sleep much better during the treatment. This treatment is also effective for pain relief and increases the healing response during acute infections.
While nonsense, practitioners swear by it. Readers of this blog are well aware of the multitudinous potential biases with assigning efficacy to wet sock treatment. At a fundamental level there is no difference between wet sock therapy, homeopathy, acupuncture or any other SCAM for the treatment of a stuffy nose. When contrasted with known reality they can’t work, and when neuropsychological humility is factored in, it is highly likely that any effects that are noted can be accounted for by unrecognized bias on the part of patient and practitioner.
The big difference is that acupuncture is a form of magic that is likely to get published in formerly reliable journals complete with positive spin: Acupuncture in Patients With Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis. A Randomized Trial.
Allow me to evaluate the study with
…ad hominem remarks, anonymous criticism, phony expertise and the use of opinion to contradict data, (as a) self-proclaimed sceptic.
… a near complete absence of substantive scientific critique, (A) lack of any reasoned debate… and intellectual sterility.
There multiple flaws, evidently ignored or missed by the editors of the Annals, that render the optimistic conclusions of the paper untenable.
The first is the basic protocol. I have read it multiple times and upon each reading it appears more ludicrous than the time before.
The study takes place during allergy season, springtime for needling and Germany, Deutschland is happy and gay!
Patients were randomized to get real (I will avoid putting real in quotes, like ‘fresh’ fish) or sham acupuncture, 12 treatments over 8 weeks. Their symptoms were followed by three surveys:
Rhinitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ), which has 28 questions in 7 domains (activity limitation, sleep problems, nose symptoms, eye symptoms, other symptoms, practical problems, and emotional function) ranked from 0 (no impairment) to 6 (severe impairment) (12). Medication need was measured using an RM score (RMS), comprising the weekly sum of daily assessments (cetirizine, 10 mg/d, or equivalent [1 point]; cetirizine, 20 mg/d, or equivalent [2 points]; and any form of systemic steroids for SAR [3 points]) (daily range, 0 to 3; weekly range, 0 to 21) (13). Secondary outcomes included proportion of responders, defined as patients with a decrease in RQLQ score (mean scores at weeks 7 and 8) of at least 0.5 point compared with baseline; change in symptoms, assessed using a VAS (0 to 100 mm) for overall SAR symptom severity and for nasal, eye, pharyngeal, and common symptoms; and health-related quality of life, assessed with a German version of the Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36).
Two weeks ago I have the pleasure of listening to Dr. Ben Goldacre discuss his new book and during the talk he covered the utility of using multiple questionnaires in assessing antidepressant efficacy. He listed a dozen questionnaires in a frenetic manner that should win the title for worlds fastest talker, then he pointed out that if you ask enough questions, some of them will show significant positive effects.
They evaluated the effect of the acupuncture at baseline, at weeks 7 and 8 of the first year, at weeks 15 and 16 (two months after the acupuncture) of the first year, and at weeks 7 and 8 of the second year. A year later. That is where ludicrous wanders into the study.
The results, from the abstract:
Compared with sham acupuncture and with RM, acupuncture was associated with improvement in RQLQ score (sham vs. acupuncture mean difference, 0.5 point [97.5% CI, 0.2 to 0.8 point; P < 0.001]; RM vs. acupuncture mean difference, 0.7 point [97.5% CI, 0.4 to 1.0 point; P < 0.001]) and RMS (sham vs. acupuncture mean difference, 1.1 points [97.5% CI, 0.4 to 1.9 points; P < 0.001]; RM vs. acupuncture mean difference, 1.5 points [97.5% CI, 0.8 to 2.2 points; P < 0.001]). There were no differences after 16 weeks in the first year. After the 8-week follow-up phase in the second year, small improvements favoring real acupuncture over the sham procedure were noted (RQLQ mean difference, 0.3 point [95% CI, 0.03 to 0.6 point; P < 0.032]; RMS mean difference, 1.0 point [95% CI, 0.2 to 1.9 points; P < 0.018]).
As they note:
After the 8-week follow-up phase in the second year, small improvements favoring real acupuncture over the sham procedure were noted.
suggesting efficacy of the intervention up to a year later. That is one powerful intervention if it can have an effect on outcomes up to a year later.
From my research the RQLQ has to change by more than 0.5 to be considered minimally significant. So the response as measured by the RQLG is just at the level of normal variation in the score. Hardly impressive.
The hypothetical mechanism by which acupuncture is alleged to work?
… studies have shown a potential effect of acupuncture on atopic diseases via different mechanisms, including changes of the endogenous opioid peptides in the central nervous system; reduction of prostaglandin E2 levels in the brain and serum; suppression of IgE production and modulation of Th1/Th2 cell response; central influence of acupuncture stimulation with specific activation of brain regions, including the influence of neu- ronal structures containing encephalin or beta-endorphin; and reduction of allergen-induced basophil activation.
Outside of vaccines and some biologics such as Rituxan, I cannot think of any medical intervention whose affect upon disease physiology persists longer than a few days after cessation. To continue to alter physiology a year later would make acupuncture one of the most powerful and longest-lasting medical interventions ever discovered. Especially if applied to the usually transient effects noted above.
Or, as is more likely, the differences are all noise and bias.
And is there the potential for noise and bias? As my in-laws would say, oh yeah, you betcha.
…developed the trial interventions in a consensus process using a Delphi approach with experienced acupuncture experts.
Which means? It means there is no standard treatment for allergic rhinitis with acupuncture. Everyone did it a different way and the Delphi approach is a method of achieving a consensus when there is no standard. And even then there was variability in how many needles each patient received and where they were placed.
I went looking on the Googles for information concerning the validity of the acupuncture points used in the trial and I will admit to defeat. Most of what I found concerned acupressure points, which were mostly around the nose. If they used well defined points for allergic rhinitis, I cannot find them. Which is not surprising as traditional Chinese medicine is not concerned with the underlying pathophysiology of a disease like allergic rhinitis. TCM practitioners look at the tongue and feel the pulse, among other techniques, to determine a therapeutic intervention. If acupuncture actually did something to underlying pathophysiology, and there is no reason to suspect it would, it would be like choosing an antibiotic based on the reading of goat entrails. And I sometimes suspect that is how antibiotics are chosen.
The sham acupuncture patients
…were needled in at least 5 of 7 predefined non acupuncture points bilaterally, with only superficial insertion of needles (maximum 20 mm in length). Needle type and diameter were not defined (10). De qi and manual stimulation of the needles were avoided.
So in essence what they did was come with a quasi-arbitrary quasi-random form of needling and compared it to sham acupuncture, a different quasi-arbitrary quasi-random form of needling.
We all know it is skull, ear and oral acupuncture that is best for ENT problems. No wait, it’s laser acupuncture. That’s the ticket. Lasers for allergic sinusitis. And of course we all know that acupuncture works better for rhinitis if done during the dog-days. Such is the state of published acupuncture for rhinitis. No consistency.
Given the thousands of acupuncture points, the lack of precision of defining these points and the various acupuncture schools (Chinese, German, Japanese, etc) how do they know they were not in another school’s acupuncture point? The only part of the human body that is routinely free of acupuncture points in the genitalia. I doubt they were needling there. Maybe the sham acupuncture was in active sites that were inadvertently altering Japanese or ear qi to make the rhinitis worse.
The sham group was not the same in that they had fewer needles on average: 10 needles (range 4 − 14) compared to the real acupuncture’s 16, (range 9 to 25). The sham group also had no manipulation, the needles were shallow and they were not irritated to generate de qi.
The variation in the number of needles also suggests acupuncture is a therapy practitioners just make up as they go along. In the SCAM world that is referred as individualization. Since bigger placebo and more placebo will have increased effect compared to smaller and lesser placebo, one would suspect a better effect from the real acupuncture.
The sham acupuncture was less of an intervention: fewer needles, less penetration and no manipulation. It was an inferior substitute for real acupuncture, not a valid placebo, which they admit in the study protocol.
Patients were told:
In this study different types of acupuncture will be compared. One type is similar to the acupuncture treatment used in China. The other type does not follow these principles, but as also been associated with positive outcomes in clinical trials.
I suspect that a quick search of the interwebs by patients could suggest if they were getting needled in valid acupuncture points, although not if they were the right valid points.
There is probably sufficient qualitative differences in the two intervention to account for any differences in comparative efficacy and it is likely that unblinding occurred. Did they check for unblinding?
They did ask the patients:
How confident do you feel that acupuncture can alleviate your complaint? How confident would you be in recommending acupuncture to a friend suffering from similar complaints? How logical does this treatment seem to you? How successful do you think this treatment will be in alleviating other complaints?
The acupuncture groups scored higher in the “How confident do you feel that acupuncture can alleviate your complaint?” question and they note:
Although some degree of unblinding might have influenced the overall result (33), a major bias seems unlikely because we informed patients that 2 types of acupuncture treatment were being compared without mentioning such terms as “placebo” or “sham,” because similar strategies of informed consent have been used in most previous acupuncture trials (34–38), and because post hoc analyses suggested that differences in study outcomes could not be explained by patient beliefs about treatment or other baseline differences.
So they assessed belief in acupuncture but in an impressive manifestation of don’t ask, don’t tell, they did not inquire of the patients what they thought they had received. A key question that was artfully avoided.
And given the differences in number of needles and the techniques used, although practitioners “were instructed to deliver both in the same context and with the same behaviors.” I am skeptical they were successful. Plenty of opportunity for the Clever Hans effect where the patient would note unconscious behaviors of the acupuncturist that suggests they are, or are not, receiving the real deal.
So there is ample opportunity for noise and bias to be the reason the acupuncture group was barely better than the sham group. And the differences were trivial at best.
When you look at the overlapping error bars you would conclude that acupuncture = sham acupuncture = doesn’t work. If the graphs were for angina treated with mammary artery ligation verus sham surgery, you would not advise the surgery for the patient nor suggest, as they do in accompanying editorial for acupuncture, that mammary artery ligation is effective.
This article is why I have long given up in the Annals. The editors seem to have turned off the part of the brain that allows for critical thinking.
In the summary they say:
Acupuncture led to statistically significant improvements in disease-specific quality of life and antihistamine use measures after 8 weeks of treatment compared with sham acupuncture and with RM alone, but the improvements may not be clinically significant.
May? The study is flawed in a way to suggest any effect is bias and that acupuncture has yet to find a clinical indication with clear cut efficacy. Which one would expect since it is based on nonsense. The editorial? They say:
With this study lending compelling support to the effectiveness of real world acupuncture for SAR…
Can you say cognitive disconnect? While the patient summary says:
Acupuncture seemed to improve symptoms for people with seasonal allergic rhinitis, but the effects were modest and did not last much beyond treatment. The improvement might have been caused in part by the volunteers’ preexisting beliefs about the treatment.
I do not mind bad studies. Well, I do. But I realize that what appears to be a good idea for a protocol at the beginning may turn out to have issues when carried out. Or the researchers cannot see the flaws of their design and outcomes because they are too enamored of the intervention.
But that is why there are editors of journals and peers to review the paper. Are the editors paying any attention to their content? The patient summary contradicts the editorial contradicts the paper. A careful and critical reading of the paper gives compelling evidence that acupuncture does nothing, in line with all the other well-designed acupuncture studies. The cognitive disconnect between the editorial and conclusion and the data presented in the paper is a wonder to behold. And most people will read only the spin in the abstract and the editorial, not noticing the fatal flaws, and erroneously conclude that acupuncture has efficacy.
Yet another reason why I am glad I let my Annals subscription lapse years ago. The editors of the Annals really need to keep a copy of the 8 strong suggestions on the wall.
I also wonder if this is an example of editorial Dunning-Kruger. Most of us spend our time in biomedical medicine. Pathophysiology leads to disease and we try to alter the disease by altering the pathophysiology. We implicitly evaluate papers with that approach in mind. The assumption is the therapy is doing something.
SCAM papers are not biomedical papers. Acupuncture does nothing as delivered that would be expected to alter the course of rhinitis or any other disease.
Acupuncture is a participatory passion play whose function is not to alter physiology but is a method of psychological manipulation to alter perception. It is a ritual based on fantasy. That is not to say rituals do not have powerful and long lasting effects. The ritual of marriage objectively adds a ring to a finger, but there are many changes in perception of ones position in society after the ritual.
The researchers and editors behave as if the study is representative of an actual physical intervention, when all the good studies of acupuncture strongly suggest that all the benefits are subjective and dependent solely on the belief that acupuncture will work, as in this case.
Somehow I suspect the editors and reviewers at the Annals had the same approach to the paper that they would for an antibiotic being used to treat cellulitis, as if a real physiologic process is being modified. You cannot read a SCAM paper that way.
Properly evaluating a SCAM paper is a learned skill and it has taken a long time for me to recognize that when evaluating results whose efficacy is unlikely and whose success is subjective, you need to look carefully for differences in treatment groups where potential bias, often subtle, could account for treatment differences that are often just above random noise. Because nothing is actually be altered in the patient, as occurs in this study.
Or just revert to the ad hominem, point at the paper and say neener neener, you’re ugly. Works for me.
An ideal acupuncture study would have 4 groups: one that receives real acupuncture and is told they are receiving either real or sham and a group that receives sham acupuncture and is told they are receiving real or sham. There would be a subjective endpoint and an objective endpoint and I predict in advance the results:
The group that is told they are receiving real acupuncture will have more subjective benefit regardless of whether they receive real or sham when compared to those who are told they are receiving sham regardless of whether they are receiving real or sham. No group will have improvement in the objective endpoint.
That sums up the effects of acupuncture. It is like all SCAM: the beer goggles of medicine; it changes nothing but the symptoms appear better for a short period of time.
And acupuncture for allergic rhinitis? There are enough flaws in this study to make any effect unlikely to be due to anything but noise and bias. Coors Light at that. | <urn:uuid:caf1504b-9e9f-41a9-a587-184c74571265> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/acupuncture-and-rhinosinusitis-another-opportunity-for-intellectual-sterility/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.948435 | 4,977 | 2.53125 | 3 |
MAY 10, 2011
ON A SUMMER DAY IN 1955, Marilyn Monroe sits on the edge of a merry-go-round in Amagansett, New York, intently reading the final pages of Ulysses. The tan hardcover creates a somber contrast to her brightly colored one-piece bathing suit — vibrant stripes echoed in the chipped blue and orange of the merry-go-round. The image is pure Marilyn: luminous sex appeal, battered innocence, and a complicated, inquisitive consciousness.
This wonderful photo is one of many in Fragments, edited by Stanley Buchthal and Bernard Comment, a collection of Monroe’s poetry, letters, recipes, notes, and diary entries. Monroe’s favorite photographs of herself were those that showed her reading, and this amazing archive includes images of Marilyn lost in the solitary pleasure of books: melting into a chair at the Hotel Bel-Air, script in hand; lying on the grass studying Walt Whitman; hidden in the corner of a bookstore, absorbed in Death of a Salesman.
While we can only wonder what Monroe thought of Molly Bloom’s celebration of sensuality, Fragments reveals the actress’s complicated relationship to her own body, and her attempts to overcome her troubled past and channel its emotional intensity into her work. In ledgers, notepads, address books, and on hotel stationery, Monroe recorded her struggles with romantic love, the development and motivations of her screen characters, and her battles with depression. But what is most striking is Monroe’s lifelong quest for self-improvement-whether in an art history lecture at UCLA, acting classes with Lee Strasberg, or during wrenching sessions of psychoanalysis.
A raw and fascinating autobiography, Fragments also delivers the visual and tactile satisfaction of an art book. Reproductions of Monroe’s original texts are paired, on the facing page, with Buchthal and Comment’s printed versions. The editors have clarified illegible words, corrected the spelling, included arrows to guide the reader through Monroe’s often chaotic paragraphs, and occasionally offered contextual notes. Seeing Monroe’s handwriting — whether in faded script on a ledger page (“only parts of us will ever/touch parts of others”), or lines from Some Like It Hot copied out in ballpoint pen (“I’m not very bright I guess”) — adds a vibrant immediacy that is alternately poignant and joyful. Grossly overused words like “legend,” “icon,” and “sex symbol” consistently obscure Monroe’s intelligence and her dedication to acting. As she herself once said, “Some people have been unkind. If I say I want to be an actress, they look at my figure. If I say I want to develop, to learn about my craft, they laugh. Somehow they don’t expect me to be serious about my work.”
While much of the writing in Fragments is unpolished, it reveals Monroe’s strong poetic instinct, no doubt nurtured by her reading life. The book’s supplemental section includes a collection of gorgeous midcentury dust jackets from the actress’s enormous library — books by Hemingway and Flaubert, Camus and Kerouac. Moving chronologically, it begins with a letter written in 1943, when the future Marilyn Monroe was a recently married seventeen-year-old named Norma Jeane Dougherty. The letter reveals her early disillusionment with love and her talent for self-analysis: “Finding myself stood up, snubbed, my first feeling was not of anger — but the numb pain of rejection & hurt at the destruction of some sort of idealistic image of true love.”
This disenchantment resurfaces when a thirty-year-old Monroe is married to playwright Arthur Miller. In 1956, the couple traveled to England, where Marilyn was co-starring in The Prince and the Showgirl with Laurence Olivier. During this stay at the Parkside, Monroe made a shattering discovery in Miller’s diary, confirming her deepest insecurities about her ability to love and be loved. Miller wrote that he felt disappointed in his wife, and that she sometimes embarrassed him in the company of friends. This discovery ultimately poisoned the marriage. Monroe’s poetic reflections on it (on Parkside stationery) are marked by insomnia and sorrow, her sense of isolation palpable. Yet despite the poems’ emotional rawness, her word choice, punctuation, and line breaks demonstrate consideration and intent:
on the screen of pitch blackness
comes/reappears the shapes of monsters
my most steadfast companions
and the world is sleeping
ah, peace I need you — even a
A more pointed reference to her faltering marriage with Miller is evident in this six-line fragment:
I guess I have always been
deeply terrified to really be someone’s
since I know from life
one cannot love another
Images of trees recur throughout Monroe’s writing, including this little stanza tucked away in the corner of stationery from the Waldorf Astoria:
Sad, sweet trees —
I wish for you — rest
but you must be wakeful
Especially affecting are pages from a red “Live Wire” brand notebook. One is blank except for this line from Some Like It Hot, which, unmoored from the script, becomes strangely provocative:
“you know I’m going to be
twenty five in June.”
Likewise, page 16 of a 1955 record book holds the single line “having a sense of myself.” The silence of the page is nearly audible.
Coinciding with her work in therapy, Monroe’s quest for authenticity as an actress meant reviving the trauma of childhood sexual abuse, and struggling to free herself from intense shame:
working (doing my tasks that I
have set for myself)
on the stage — I will
not be punished for it
or be whipped
or be threatened
or not be loved
or sent to hell to burn with bad people
feeling that I am also bad
or be afraid of my genitals being
exposed known and seen
A mid-1950s note reveals the disciplined concentration Monroe used to manage her turbulent emotions and access the reservoir of memory crucial to her work:
I am restless…nervous and scattered
and jumpy…on the set — but … I couldn’t afford to let
out anything I really felt…I wouldn’t dare because I wouldn’t stop at that maybe…I’m searching
for a way to play this part I am depressed with my whole life since I first remember —
How can I be such a gay young
hopeful girl — What I am using is that
one sunday when I was fourteen for I was
all these things that day but — Why can’t I
use it more consistently my concentration
wavers most of the time — something
is racing in me in the opposite direction
Fragments also shows a playful, affectionate side. In letters to friends, Monroe gives herself silly nicknames like “Noodle” and “Sam.” In “Kitchen Notes,” her recipes and dinner party preparations include a glamorous shopping list: “wine glasses from Bloomingdales,” “prime rib,” “caviar,” and humble necessities: “Ivory. Flakes or snow. Rinso Blue or detergent.” These 1955 notes show how far Monroe had evolved domestically since the late 1940s, when she shared an apartment with actress Shelley Winters. In her own autobiography, Winters claimed to have discovered her roommate preparing a salad by immersing lettuce leaves in a tub of soapy water and vigorously scrubbing each one clean. Yet Winters did not mistake naiveté for stupidity. She understood the source of Monroe’s vulnerability. “If she’d been dumber,” Winters said, “she would have been happier.”
Despite how much she has been dissected, analyzed, and worshipped, something about Marilyn Monroe remains forever elusive. Nearly fifty years after her death, this magnetism is often mapped out in a series of ironic juxtapositions: she was a fragile child and a sex goddess arousing both maternal love and intense desire; she was universally adored and felt entirely alone. But it is far better to lose oneself in the mystery of Marilyn than to try to define her.
Monroe has only a small part in John Huston’s classic noir The Asphalt Jungle. She stars as Angela Phinlay, the mistress of a shady lawyer named Alonzo Emmerich, played by Louis Calhern. However briefly Marilyn appears in the film, there is something otherworldly about her in those scenes with Calhern.
Early in the movie, Emmerich discovers Angela sleeping on the sofa. He watches, transfixed as she slowly awakes. After Emmerich gently chastises her for calling him “Uncle Lon,” Angela informs her aging paramour that she’s ordered him salt mackerel from the market: “I know how you like it for breakfast,” she explains.
In the space of this simple line, Monroe becomes an emotional shape shifter — her head tilted, her eyes wide, then narrow, her lips twitching, impossibly full, then stretched thin as she says “breakfast.” Utterly enchanted, Emmerich stares at Angela. Slowly, he marvels, “Some sweet kid.” The hard-boiled sentimentality is charming and hilariously understated, like calling Athena “real smart,” or Aphrodite “cute as a button.”
Angela softly, passionately kisses her benefactor good night. As he watches her disappear down the hall, pausing for one last glance before closing the bedroom door, Emmerich, still spellbound, can only repeat his declaration of wonder: “Some sweet kid.”
Moments later, Emmerich picks up the phone and, while arranging some criminal business, clutches one of Angela’s heels in his hand, turning and examining it, as if the shoe is evidence that the creature who has just left the room was not an ethereal dream, but a real flesh-and-blood woman. | <urn:uuid:7d58e390-03e6-4db3-92a2-c675f80fb2ea> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://v2.lareviewofbooks.org/article/marilynalia | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.944397 | 2,217 | 1.5 | 2 |
I have a friend who had a blocked cardiac artery. A couple of years ago he had angioplasty on it, and his doctor inserted stents. The stents got rid of his chest pain and other symptoms, but didn’t do anything to get at the underlying cause of the blockage, which had to do with an unhappy combination of genetics and a –- perfectly admirable –- taste for rich, fatty foods. Like steak. (More on that in a moment.)
Before having the procedure, his doctors spent a lot of time with him explaining what the surgery would and wouldn’t do. In particular, the doctors explained that the stents would do their job, but he had to do his. He needed to eat better, exercise more, and take his medications. He’s followed most of that advice, and is doing well.
Unfortunately, his experience is not typical. A recently published study found that more than 80 percent of patients who had gotten angioplasty and stents thought they were alone a cure for their problems.
These patients are wrong. So how can it be that they are coming to this strange conclusion? According to some, it’s the doctors’ fault. Read more »
*This blog post was originally published at See First Blog* | <urn:uuid:c42c388d-df37-4855-a05f-5edae01eab3c> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://getbetterhealth.com/tag/blaming-doctors | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719286.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00499-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.988883 | 288 | 1.789063 | 2 |
get mental: erika carlson
3 ways to manage pregame jitters
Curious what the most common reason is that athletes seek mental training services? Pre-game nerves. That’s right, the same thing you have felt so many times. The jittery feeling in your body (part excitement, part fear), tense muscles, excessive thinking about “what if…” (fill in the blank here), and dread about not wanting to let down teammates, coach and parents. Sound familiar? While some athletes have stronger “trait anxiety” (predisposition towards nervousness and anxiety) most athletes can relate to feeling nervous at times. Here are a few top tips for handling your pre-game nerves so you’re confident and ready to play (pitch, hit, swim, run, etc.) your best!
The night before a competition, take the time to pack your equipment, water bottle and organize your uniform. This will help you arrive at your competition feeling prepared rather than rushed and stressed.
Every time you feel butterflies flying around in your stomach, slow down your breathing, taking longer, deeper breaths. It’s one thing you can stay in control of even when you’re nervous. Hint: the butterflies may arrive long before you arrive at your competition. Start managing them early and often.
Imagine a great performance
Imagery is a skill that separates good athletes from great athletes. Those who use imagery get more “quality reps” than those who don’t. Detailed imagery puts your nervous system to work and helps you to create correct responses that are more likely to hold up under pressure. ✪
Erika Carlson is a certified mental trainer and owner of Excellence in Sports Performance in Pleasanton.
April 18, 2013
Score Digital Content: Scan SSM With LAYAR
Upload photos and team stats! www.SportStarsOnline.com | <urn:uuid:4b9865c3-1320-476d-a03a-a7c52377b792> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://issuu.com/sportstars/docs/baxapril18x13/30 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719416.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00364-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.901838 | 398 | 1.710938 | 2 |
The Preposition BETWEEN :
BETWEEN : (preposition)
1. In the space or time that separates
1. Into the space or time that separates
Example Sentences :
1. The accident happened between 6 and 7 O'clock.
2. It will cost between 5 and 6 million dollars.
3. Between you and me, I think, he's rather stupid.
4. The distance between Chennai and Mumbai is more than 2000 kms.
5. He divided the money between the two children.
The Preposition BETWEEN
The Preposition BETWEEN To HOME PAGE
The Grammar Index | <urn:uuid:b647b8be-d13e-4357-971e-37d870318ce9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.english-grammar-today.com/the-preposition-between.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00467.warc.gz | en | 0.876658 | 140 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Smoke free. That’s me!
PHARMAC want you, your family and whānau to enjoy living a smoke free life. Smoking will harm you and those around you. Living smoke free is great for you, your family and whānau.
PHARMAC's role is to make sure you have affordable medicines available to help you stop smoking. This means when you get a prescription for these medicines from a quit provider or a doctor you are only charged the prescription fee. You are not charged the full price of the medicines PHARMAC funds to help you stop smoking.
If you choose to use medication that can make it easier to stop smoking, these are the funded treatments available in the community
Available through your quit provider:
- nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) - nicotine patches, lozenges and gum
Available on prescription from your GP (doctor):
- NRT patches, lozenges and gum
- varenicline (can only be used after other treatments have been tried , one 12-week course is funded per year).
In addition, the nicotine inhaler and nicotine oral spray are both funded for some people staying in DHB hospitals, with some restrictions.
You can view what smoking cessation products PHARMAC has assessed and the minutes to the clinical advisory committee meetings relating to these products through the application tracker.
I want to stop smoking, who should I talk to?
There are many smoking cessation professionals to help you become smoke free. These include:
- Quitline (external link) – 0800 778 778
- Aukati KaiPapa (external link)
- Tala Pasifika (external link)
- your doctor or nurse
More information is at the:
Last updated: 20 January 2016 | <urn:uuid:8a4d9541-e145-4294-8967-5c99565c1f37> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.pharmac.govt.nz/medicines/your-health/stopping-smoking/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719136.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00468-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.939394 | 369 | 1.5 | 2 |
What is Save Tree save life?
Trees provide us food that is necessary for living and oxygen that we breathe to live. Trees also absorb many pollutants like Carbon Mono oxide and Sulphur di Oxide. If we cut trees, these species lose their shelter and their life will be totally disturbed. So, Save Trees to Save Life.
How many trees are cut down each year 2020?
A new study published in Nature estimates the planet has 3.04 trillion trees. The research says 15.3 billion trees are chopped down every year. It also estimates that 46% of the world’s trees have been cleared over the past 12,000 years.
What if forests disappear?
1 If forests disappear, the amount of carbon dioxide in air will increase, resulting in the increase of earth’s temperature. 2 In the absence of trees and plants, the animals will not get food and shelter. 3 In the absence of trees, the soil will not hold water, which will cause floods.
How did we destroy our forest?
The ever-growing human consumption and population is the biggest cause of forest destruction due to the vast amounts of resources, products, services we take from it. Direct human causes of deforestation include logging, agriculture, cattle ranching, mining, oil extraction and dam-building.
Why trees are cut down?
Trees are cut down for many reasons but the main reasons are to make space to build new houses and to clear land to grow grass for cows and sheep to eat, to produce dairy foods. The trees which are cut down are sold and they are made into paper and furniture.
What are the positive effects of cutting down trees?
Cutting trees provides for regeneration, improved habitat for many species, maintains forest health, and helps us shape forests for the future. For forest owners, it does all this while providing revenue. The story is an exciting one for those that listen.
How does cutting down trees affect animals?
Deforestation can lead to a direct loss of wildlife habitat as well as a general degradation of their habitat. The removal of trees and other types of vegetation reduces available food, shelter, and breeding habitat. Animals may not be able to find adequate shelter, water, and food to survive within remaining habitat.
What happens to animals when their habitat is destroyed?
When a habitat is destroyed, the carrying capacity for indigenous plants, animals, and other organisms is reduced so that populations decline, sometimes up to the level of extinction. Habitat loss is perhaps the greatest threat to organisms and biodiversity.
What are the major causes and consequences of deforestation?
Consequences of Deforestation:
- Food problems: Non suitability of deforested area for conservation.
- Exposing soil to heat and rain: ADVERTISEMENTS:
- Coss of biodiversity:
- Displacement of indigenous communities:
- Climate change:
- Economic loss:
- Health issues:
What is cutting down trees called?
Felling is the process of cutting down trees, an element of the task of logging. The person cutting the trees is a feller.
Why do loggers leave one tree standing?
One harvest method is called seed tree harvest. It is similar to clearcutting, but a few of the genetically superior trees are left on the site to provide natural regeneration. A similar harvest method is shelterwood harvest. More trees are left on site to provide shade for the new trees.
How can we save the trees?
Here are some simple ways kids can help save trees.
- Use paper wisely. We can save trees from being cut down by using less paper. …
- Play and create with trash. …
- Borrow, share and donate books. …
- Plant a tree. …
- Visit the forest. …
- Stay on the trails. …
- Get your Smokey on.
What are the reasons for forest destruction?
The most common pressures causing deforestation and severe forest degradation are agriculture, unsustainable forest management, mining, infrastructure projects and increased fire incidence and intensity.
How many animals die from cutting down trees?
A: An average of 137 species of life forms are driven into extinction every day in the world’s tropical rainforests. The forces of destruction such as logging, cattle ranching have all contributed to the loss of millions of acres of tropical rainforest. Animals and people alike lose their homes when trees are cut down.
What is happening to forests?
Each year, millions of acres of forest around the world are destroyed or degraded by fire. The same amount is lost to logging and agriculture combined. Fire is often used as a way to clear land for other uses such as planting crops. | <urn:uuid:07c88292-d9a5-4a02-b3b9-c4f7ff0abd1f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thisisbeep.com/what-is-save-tree-save-life/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.94348 | 971 | 3.625 | 4 |
The Wisconsin Dells resembles an alien landscape filled with shady slot canyons. Most were created over 15,000 years ago and have amazed mankind for generations. Passing through the sheltered gorges feels like traveling through time. An excursion on the Dells Boat Tour had given us our first taste of these features, but left us desiring more. We stopped by Lost Canyon Horse Tours for an in-depth look into the deepest land canyon in Wisconsin. Along the way, we would make some new friends.
Lost Canyon Horse Tours have been operated by the same family for the past 55 years. Needless to say, they are well versed on every nook and cranny along the way. We arrived near the start of their day and found this offered us a tour for two. After getting acquainted with the steeds who would be hauling us, it was time to climb aboard our chariot. The surrounding landscape shelters public views of the treasure awaiting beyond the tree line. Our guide welcomed us for our memorable excursion into the Wisconsin Dells version of the Magnificent Mile.
Wisconsin’s Deepest Canyon
As our wagon slowly progressed, we moved into the beginning of the cliff-walled gorges that make up Lost Canyon. The trees didn’t so much disappear as they just migrated up the cliff walls. All around, we were surrounded by the green vegetation and shaded crevasses. Seeing the sandstone layers stacked one upon another was something that we never expected to find in Wisconsin. We sat in awe as the ravine ebbed and flowed like an invisible river. All around us, the beauty of nature unfolded in front of our eyes.
Traveling Through Time
Our guide was adept at coaxing his horses through the narrow corridors. At times, it felt as though there was no way the wagon would fit. The team slowly plodded along and the clip-clop of their hoofs echoed through the canyon. That was the only sound that disturbed the air. The Lost Canyon Horse Tours was an opportunity to commune with nature in an undisturbed fashion. It was so peaceful that we spotted deer lounging along the path. Clearly, they were used to the wagon traffic and barely acknowledged our existence.
We began to believe we were the only humans around, until we saw an approaching wagon. Our guide pulled the wagon to the side and we watched the other tour group pass. It appeared to us that the crowds were beginning to increase, as the morning turned into afternoon. The slow pace of the Lost Canyon Horse Tours allows guests to soak in all of the natural beauty. While our boat tour had us rushing to take in the views, here we felt like time was barely moving. We were truly enjoying the relaxed pace.
Lost Canyon Horse Tours
Our excursion into Lost Canyon gave us an up-close view of the unique natural features of the Wisconsin Dells. Add in the backstories provided by our tour guide and we finished our visit with a better understanding of this region. While many visitors to the area are concentrating on the myriad of waterparks, we preferred to embrace the nature of the area. Traveling through ravines, that have barely seen any sunlight in thousands of years, was unimaginable. We left the attraction with a newfound appreciation for slot canyons. It was clear that there is much more to the Dells than waterslides and swimming pools. Who else loves these types of attractions? | <urn:uuid:668e8b20-9ca4-414e-89bc-91faa93c488c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ourchanginglives.com/lost-canyon-horse-tours-traveling-through-time/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.972203 | 713 | 1.570313 | 2 |
You are here
With school about to start again – or in some places, is already under way – a government initiative is providing tips for busy parents on how to pack healthier school lunches, and there’s no reason the supermarket deli can’t be a part of it.
Lean meats, nutritious cheese, vitamin-packed salads and healthful prepared-food options can certainly find a place in youngsters’ lunchboxes and offer comfort to time-starved moms and dads looking for solutions their kids will not toss, trade away or cart home uneaten.
As part of its better-for-you eating suggestions, LetsMove.gov, a program spearheaded by First Lady Michelle Obama, recommends making small changes that can make a notable difference in a school lunch that satisfies hunger, yet also provides key nutrients and fits into an active lifestyle. For example, planning ahead by not only buying healthier foods and snacks in advance but prepping them the night before instead of on a rushed morning, is one step in ensuring a healthier midday meal at school.
Parents are advised to “pack a rainbow” by adding more colorful fruits and vegetables and, to appeal to kids, make them more interesting and flavorful by adding dipping sauces or cutting fruits and veggies in a fun way. So deli managers, partner up with the produce team on some creative cross-merch.
Leverage your bakery as well: Swapping out white bread for whole-grain bread or other whole grains (like whole-wheat tortillas or pitas), LetsMove.gov advises, is easy switch to add more nutrition, as is sending bottled water in place or low-fat milk of sugary drinks. And be sure to remind shopping parents, to ensure food safety, to keep foods at the proper temperature by sending ice packs for cold foods or putting hot foods in a thermos. | <urn:uuid:326850ab-5951-40d5-a396-ab69340fff45> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.progressivegrocer.com/deli-can-help-busy-parents-healthy-ideas | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00221-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.92763 | 383 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Parents of "autism brats" fight back
When Michael Savage, radio talk show host, said July 16 that 99% of children with autism were "brats" who should be told to "cut the act out," one could only wonder if he somehow got his childhood "A" disease diagnoses mixed up. Maybe he was thinking of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, a condition characterized by inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. ADHD affects 2 million children and can be treated with behavior modification or drugs, but for many decades, children with the disorder were considered to be just bad kids who misbehaved, and poor parenting was pointed to as the cause.
But autism? Does anyone doubt that it's a significant developmental disorder? It's characterized by poor social interaction, problems with communication -- both verbal and nonverbal -- repetitive activities and hand flapping. Those are problems a 2- or 3-year-old, the age at which the disorder is often diagnosed, would have trouble thinking up.
But when the New York Times gave Savage a chance to explain himself, he said that while his estimate that nine out of 10 kids are faking it might have been a little high, he said he was proud to have prodded a discussion. He stuck by his comments.
Meanwhile, as protesters from Autism United, a coalition of advocacy organizations, gathered today outside the New York City WOR radio studio, which employs Savage, parents such as Martin Schwartzman, whose 15-year-old son Robbie has autism, are up in arms. "I couldn't understand why someone could be so heartless and so insensitive, and also so ignorant for a national talk show host," Schwartzman said on WCBS-TV.
Savage says he's giving over his three-hour broadcast on Monday to a discussion of autism. Meanwhile, Aflac, the insurance company, has withdrawn advertising from the show.
Areva Martin, Los Angeles autism activist and co-founder with Donna Ross-Jones of Special Needs Network, a group whose mission is to educate parents of the rights their children have to an appropriate education, has a lot to say about Savage's comments:
"It would be easy to dismiss Mr. Savage's statements as the antics of a radical, ratings-seeking talk show host. However, Mr. Savage has over 8 million listeners, many of whom rely on his show for reliable information. His insidious and baseless statements give credence to the type of pervasive ignorance that families face on a daily basis. Such statements foster discrimination against not only the disabled, but also against people of color. To suggest that minority families feign a diagnosis of autism to receive welfare benefits is absurd and reflective of the entrenched racism that continues to rear its ugly head.
"If good old-fashioned discipline was a cure for autism, families across this nation would pull out their switches and get to work. Unfortunately, autism is real and there is no cure -- yelling, screaming, hitting and even the most archaic forms of discipline cannot cure what renowned scientists from around the world recognize as a complex disorder that now impacts one in every 150 children, that lasts a lifetime and impacts every aspect of an individual's development. As a parent of a child with autism, a children's rights activist and attorney, I know both personally and professionally that no one would feign autism for the sake of collecting some amorphous government benefit -- it simply isn't worth it. Thousands of hours of therapy, lifelong care, isolation, grief and isolation are too high a price to pay.
"The rapid response of the autism community hopefully will send a loud and clear message that issues of autism impact people of all socioeconomic groups and that issues involving the disabled are matters of human rights."
-- Susan Brink | <urn:uuid:f20f536d-c55c-4ecf-9246-72498793ab61> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/booster_shots/2008/07/parents-of-auti/comments/page/3/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00365-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.977143 | 763 | 1.679688 | 2 |
The Day of Hope marks the first day of Hope Week, a five-day event in the first week of March. The goal of Hope Week is to aid in teaching the “how-to” of hope, educate on the Science of Hope, and encourage everyone to do the free Five Day Global Hope Challenge.
We ask celebrities, businesses, media channels, education groups, and governments to participate in the Five Day Global Hope Challenge and share their journey via social media. We have provided a Social Media Kit to assist you in easily sharing hope on social media to further activate the Science of Hope in your community. The Social Media Kits provided have English and Spanish images, copy for posts, and hashtags. | <urn:uuid:efca8c8c-837d-4c7b-ad6b-f206a3c0a61a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hopefulcities.org/hope-week/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.921086 | 144 | 1.882813 | 2 |
Functionalist view on the family and society.
Hold an optimistic view of the family. They believe that the family plays an important role for the rest of society. Talcott Parson says the family meets a number of societal and personal needs. The family is constantly evolving and that the Nuclear Family has developed (evolved) to meet the needs of modern day society.
Key Functionalists and their studies
Murdock- studied 250 different societies and cultures. Foung four key functions that appeared in all societies:
Can be easily remembered as REES.
Fletcher- claims that introducing health, education and housing policies let to the lower/ working class families to take care of its members when they are sick.
Parsons- The family has two basic and irreducible functions. These are primary socialisation of the children and the stableisation of adult personalities.
- Socialisation - Sui Generis -Social Cohersion/ Solidarity
-Norms and Values - Institutions -Meritocracy
-Social Order - Organic Analogy -Value Consensus
-Functional Prerequisite -Socail Structure -Status Quo
-'Best Fit' Thesis
Critisisms from other theories
- Too harmonious and optimistic
- Ignores the negative sides to what happens in family
- Ignores conflict
- Focuses on the positive aspect of the family (nuclear family) too much and ignores the fact that there is a decline in the nuclear family.
The New Right view on the family
The New Right hold traditional values and believe that the 'normal' nuclear family is the cornerstone of society. They believe in the nuclear family (similar to conservatives). The believe that families are not changing but 'deteriorating' because of the decline in the Nuclear Family.
Aim of the New Right
- An end to sexual permissiveness (reduce the amount of cohabiting couples, single-parent families and same-sex families.).
- A return to 'traditional family values'.
- These changes will bring and end to social problems such as delinquency, educational underachievement and child poverty.
- Believe in the male 'breadwinner' of the home.
- Rejection of single-parent families.
- Women's roles are seen as traditional.
Murray- Believed that the Beveridge report encouraged the welfare state instead of helping people the way it was intended to because social attitudes lead people to believe they have a right to recieve benefits. He is highly critical of the Welafare state and believes that this started a dependency culture, which has now led to an Underclass.
-Conservative -Traditional family values -Underclass -Dependency Culture
-Welfare State -Delinquancy (anti-social behavious of young people.
The New Right Solutions
- Cut Welfare Spending
- Tighter restrictions on who is eligible for benefits.
- Deny housing for teen mums.
- Taxes favouring married couples.
- Child support agencies.
Criticisms of the New Right
- The New Right group all single-parent families together and criticise them without acknowledging many nuclear families also struggle to socialise their children properly.
- Feminists argue that the New Right hold sexist views on women, and that women incresingly go out to work as the family can be longer survive on a single male wage.
- If welfare benefits were cut for single-parent families… | <urn:uuid:302415f6-4d66-4d2f-928b-2b3e4a8d9c89> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://getrevising.co.uk/revision-notes/sociology_family_and_households_sociological_views_on_the | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988717963.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183837-00375-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.923133 | 709 | 3.015625 | 3 |
The contents of our Wildlife World Woodland Gift Pack have been tailored to encourage both birds and ladybirds into your garden. Both are vital to a healthy garden environment as they manage insect populations such as larger slugs, snails and aphids.
The pack makes a perfect present for any gardener or allotment owner - whether they are experienced gardeners or beginners.
Also included is a UK Bird Species Guide to help with identification, as well as wild flower seeds to bring stunning colour and diversity to your garden.
The Wildlife World Woodland Gift Pack contains:
Ladybird tower, roosting pocket for small birds, packet of wild flower seeds and bird identification guide.
Pack dimensions: 30 x 26.5 x 18.5cm. Weight: 1.5kg. | <urn:uuid:fe5a08ca-cbd5-4178-aae5-22fe7e9a655a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://plantsmailshop.yougarden.com/item-p-160892/woodland-and-nbsp;gift-pack | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.920735 | 159 | 1.625 | 2 |
An earlier article opposing the idea of black Confederates is not online, nor are this month's letters reacting to the article. One of them is referenced by editor Keith Poulter in his editorial, however:
One of our correspondents in this issue’s Crossfire column expresses the view that for any historian to claim that an issue is definitively settled is a mark of arrogance. And he explicitly points the finger at Bruce Levine’s conclusions regarding “black Confederates” as an instance of this.Poulter then explains why that arrogance rule does not apply to him and concludes "I find myself regarding Sasquatch and black Confederates in much the same light."
Poulter's discussion of evidence confuses me: "...there are instances where the evidence is so overwhelming that, after careful consideration, only those with a perverse axe to grind will fail to acknowledge it. Such a case, I believe, is the one concerning black Confederates."
He has confused arguments with evidence and might better say "...there are instances where the argument is so overwhelming ..."
Evidence is what it is; you evaluate it on its own terms. This evidence does not negate that evidence (except in rare cases of forensics) but this evidence can weigh more heavily than that evidence. Or there can be more of it. The major part of the discourse is arguing how and why you weigh the evidence that you do the way you do. To take a short cut through that tangle by resorting to polemic is not history but pure Usenet horrorshow.
Poulter refers readers to a retort from his author, Bruce Levine, responding to correspondence criticizing his debunking of black Confederates. Poulter says, "don’t take my word for it [on the subject]. Simply read Bruce’s letter in this issue, with an open mind, and draw your own conclusions."
That letter is a polemic. It compares Levine's critics to "phony seers, psychics, levitators, spoon-benders" but that's not the main reason it cannot help Poulter. Instead of addressing the strongest evidence there might be for black Confederates, Levine (appropriately) answers pell mell whatever points writers to the letters column chose to make in their attacks on his work. Levine's hodgepodge is a rant keyed to whatever the letter writers imagined to be evidence and argument.
An editor has to understand the difference between evidence and argument and, if he wants to close the door on a subject, as he does here, he has to first analyze the evidence with us, his customers, and then make his case to us, the customers.
I am not interested in the subject of black Rebels, I'm interested in evidence handling and the behaviour of an editor of a popular Civil War magazine. This is not Kevin Levin or myself sounding off in a blog about how we feel about a body of nonfiction; N&S is a forum that aspires to the production of useful history.
As editor of CWBN, I am aware of the relevant titles: Black Southerners in Confederate Armies; Black Southerners in Gray; Black Confederates; Black Confederates and Afro-Yankees in Civil War Virginia. These are "sitting ducks," all lined up for serious analysts. They marshal evidence - whatever it is - and make their case - as best they can. Address that case. Analyze that evidence. Stop flaming your own readers.
You don't get to sit on the sidelines and jeer, Poulter. That's my job. Your part is the hard work. | <urn:uuid:e056a116-f9ab-4248-8c1f-a7bacdd160bb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://cwbn.blogspot.com/2008/04/north-souths-black-confederate-problem.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282926.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00401-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952736 | 746 | 1.578125 | 2 |
I was diagnosed with labyrinthitis by my GP just over two years ago.
After having several weeks off work and taking Stemetil three times a day, the symptoms returned to a level that I could cope with.
However, two years later the symptoms are still present and vary from very slight to quite severe. The only advice I have received from my GP is to take time off work and to keep taking the medication.
This is not at all practical and I was wondering whether the symptoms usually last this long?
If so, is there anything more constructive I could be doing?
Thank you for this most interesting question, I think the short answer is yes, there is.
Labyrinthitis is usually a self-limiting condition that settles after a few weeks. It is thought to be due to a viral illness and does not usually recur or persist as you describe.
I would also be a little concerned by the long-term continuous use of Stemetil because it can, when used like this, occasionally cause side-effects that resemble Parkinson's disease.
In view of your two year problem it would be wise to ask your GP if a specialist opinion might be helpful.
You do not mention if you have other associated symptoms such as deafness or ringing in the ears. These might be significant. You may have already have had further investigation but urine and blood tests would be helpful.
The ear nose and throat (ENT) specialist may recommend a scan of your brain to exclude a small stroke although at your age this would be highly unusual.
More likely a scan of the labyrinth (the balance mechanism in the bones of the skull) and the course of the eighth cranial nerve may be recommended to exclude changes to the nerve.
I hope this is helpful advice but at your age it is reasonable to try and establish a clear cause and hopefully a cure for these symptoms.
I hope one is found.
The NetDoctor Medical Team
Other Qs & As | <urn:uuid:5041cafe-9e68-41c6-b558-303c362c0a04> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/ask-the-expert/ear-nose-and-throat/a87/can-i-do-anything-for-labyrinthitis/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00542-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973865 | 404 | 1.703125 | 2 |
- Warning Cancellers / Capacitors
Warning Cancellers / Capacitors
Please note that some vehicles maybe require a set of warning cancellers to be installed. Warning cancellers, also known as capacitors, prevent on-dash errors that may occur on vehicles with complex onboard computers. The following is a list of makes that require warning cancellers. | <urn:uuid:d2d5c042-726f-4b99-90d5-a2e665256e4a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.xenonhids.com/warning-cancellers-capacitors.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281162.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00531-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.878934 | 72 | 1.601563 | 2 |
The Great Cloud Mountain Temple Sutra
Not using a single word, who's speaking right now? Before any thought appears, what's here? Can you show me the directions north, south, east, and west in vast empty space without pointing your fingers or chin, or even blinking your eyes?
SUTRA (with annotations)
All the senses are just Awareness. (This is a ko-an. Try to "think" it through then, when the way is blocked, merely look at it hard.)
Physical things arise in, and as, Awareness. (They are nothing but.)
But Awareness cannot by Itself, free of physical appearance, be objectified or grasped. (Nothing stands behind sensory appearances; there is no "real" world over and against the apparent.)
So that when one searches for naked Awareness one mysteriously and hair-raisingly finds Nothingness, or Great Empty Space. (But how empty is it, when it's the vibration of Ki -- Spirit -- itself? Mysterious.)
Your consciousness presents Awareness to Itself energetically as sensory reality. (Your limited, small, bodily consciousness is presenting a sensory show to boundless pure Awareness, which "takes it in" magically.)
Is there a reason for this happening? No, there is no “reason." (It is not logical; it can't be formalized.)
Names and Forms give rise to illusory things. Things do not exist before Names and Forms. (These sentences must be read existentially, as a description you can verify for yourself in every day life.)
How could things exist without concepts such as time and space, self and other, long and short, hot and cold, general and particular, thing and No-thing? (Note the interdependence of words, synthesized "forms" abstracted from bodily moving about in space, and general concepts in creating the sense of "existing" things. You can realize this for yourself.)
Because there are illusory things there seems to be Karma, a linear chain of causes and results and conditions. ("Karma" is a delusion of cause/effect generated by desire, clinging-grasping, based upon crazed ignorance of the fact that one is always already THIS.)
By regaining original mind in a flash (Wu, Satori) one dissolves Karma along with the illusory "ten thousand things." Amazing! ("Buddhas of iron, Buddhas of ice:/shivering under mountain waterfalls,/making mudras out of the vast blue sky." Where was this mind ever lost that one had to regain it? Ha ha.)
To anyone who has gone beyond Names and Forms all things appear as no-things -- as the haunting resonance of Great Empty Space. ("The mystical is real. It shows itself." -Ludwig Wittgenstein)
To live more or less constantly in this Non Abiding No-State (Mu Ju Shin) is the goal of Zen. (The Great Perfection of Atiyoga! No obstructions; life is clear, simple, beautiful, alarmingly great.)
The direct way to Great Enlightenment is via letting go of names and forms for intense, sometimes rapturous but always inexplicable physical sensations. (A bold statement that can be verified by dropping "mind" right now. Do some Zen!)
Great Enlightenment cannot be experienced -- it is the experiencing itself. (The "head" thinks it experiences; but it doesn't experience its experiencing. The Observatory sees the Starry Sky, not itself. Mysterious & true!).
This headless Zen way is purely physical (mystical), achieved by dropping Names and Forms and seeing reality as it is. ("Headless" now because the head is nowhere in view; the eye that sees can't see itself; the physical is the same as mystical once names and forms melt away into great space.)
Most of the classic Zen techniques such as koans, sitting, Hua T’ou, and the Ways of tea and swordsmanship and bamboo flute are invented to do exactly this. (What? THIS.)
Doing Zen makes talk and writing seem crazy and superfluous. Yet talk and writing go on just the same -- wonderful! (It's wonderful that we occupy ourselves with little details. Make amusing games and rituals out of it all! Strange harmless walks in the midst of life.)
Sit before a wall and behold all the Buddhas -- on the tip of a single hair, a mountain monastery full of radiant sages! (Like Milarepa and the yak horn. Total nonduality is the interpenetration of all Ki recognized in and as every appearance. A voice chases its echo. A face meets its fleeting image in a steam clouded mirror.)
And don't forget the Yamamba who wanders wherever she feels drawn to and in the darkest night, all alone, dances that wild alluring dance no one ever dances. (The Mountain Yogini doesn't know what she knows, doesn't even know what she doesn't know. Ki goes everywhere like lightning; it has no knowledge, no preferences.)
AUM SWASTI! (Good luck in everything!)
POSTSCRIPT: TWO POEMS
Knock, knock, who's there?
A snail holds the bamboo gate shut.
Wind smashes up the old pines --
and everything's drenched by a freezing rainstorm.
Leave the Starry Sky ablaze --
it won't notice that you went inside.
Groping your way to bed by darkness.
Who says there's any truth to speak of? | <urn:uuid:3cb198fc-cd31-4667-8c9c-d76634df2866> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://diamondsutrazen.blogspot.com/p/great-unmoving-mountain-temple-sutra.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00079.warc.gz | en | 0.937371 | 1,157 | 1.820313 | 2 |
An Error Analysis for the Sampling of Periodic Signals
We analyze the representation of periodic signals in a scaling function basis. This representation is sufficiently general to include the widely used approximation schemes like wavelets, splines and Fourier series representation. We derive a closed form expression for the approximation error in the scaling function representation. The error formula takes the simple form of a Parseval like sum, weighted by an appropriate error kernel. This formula may be useful in choosing the right representation for a class of signals. We also experimentally verify the theory in the particular case of description of closed curves. | <urn:uuid:9776485e-7bfa-40d4-ad9b-274bd3ca0296> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/211291 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721141.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00417-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.87356 | 121 | 1.554688 | 2 |
Condensation Risk in a Wood-Frame Wall
Application ID: 43871
This 2D stationary model computes heat and moisture transport in a wall composed of different hygroscopic materials. A comparison with the Glaser method is given for the temperature and relative humidity solutions. The effect of the use of a vapor barrier is also investigated.
This model example illustrates applications of this type that would nominally be built using the following products:
however, additional products may be required to completely define and model it. Furthermore, this example may also be defined and modeled using components from the following product combinations:
- COMSOL Multiphysics® and
- either the Heat Transfer Module, or Porous Media Flow Module and
- either the Heat Transfer Module, or Subsurface Flow Module
The combination of COMSOL® products required to model your application depends on several factors and may include boundary conditions, material properties, physics interfaces, and part libraries. Particular functionality may be common to several products. To determine the right combination of products for your modeling needs, review the Specification Chart and make use of a free evaluation license. The COMSOL Sales and Support teams are available for answering any questions you may have regarding this. | <urn:uuid:4f3a3c99-1d36-486d-b7f6-9a639f00dcae> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.comsol.com/model/condensation-risk-in-a-wood-frame-wall-43871 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.893784 | 252 | 2.03125 | 2 |
First 206 words of the document:
James and Lesley Milroy (1991) define standardisation as: the suppression
of optional variability in language observing that "the various stages
involved in the development of a standard language can be described as
the consequence of a need to uniformity that's felt by influential portions
of society in a given time".
Lesley & James Milroy (1991): identified the stages involved in the
standardization process these are (in order of occurrence): selection,
acceptance, diffusion, maintenance, elaboration of function, codification
Samuel Johnson (1755): Dictionary of Language. Noah Webster (1758-
1843): conducted a standardisation programme for American English.
Old English (400-1150)- after the Norman invasion the English language
was taken over by French. Latin continued to be the language of religion,
scholarship and education. Triglossic Situation- English was reduced once
more to a Low Language; however, high functions of the language were
shared between Latin and French.
The spoken medium at the time created social distinction. English as a Low
Language was spoken largely by common people. French was the language
of aristocracy whereas Latin was the medium of the church and was used
for administrative purposes. | <urn:uuid:595c185c-3387-45c7-8fa1-5a659c605928> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://getrevising.co.uk/resources/language_change_overtime_standardisation_part_i | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00070-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.932144 | 266 | 3.078125 | 3 |
Video lectures, with supporting materials (indented items)
Topic 1: Pitch and Pitch Notation
Topic 2: Major Scales and Keys
Topic 3: Intervals
Topic 4: Minor Scales and Keys
Topic 5: Triads
Topic 6: Seventh Chords
Excellent worksheets, with answer keys, can be found on Gene Biringer's music theory website.
Note for CMU students and other fixed-do users: when doing worksheets on scale degrees, disregard the exercises that use solfege syllables.
To find a theory tutor at CMU, consult this page. | <urn:uuid:81ba7ef0-a3d1-44a4-a2cc-e4b5490a4282> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.andrew.cmu.edu/user/johnito/music_theory/fundamentals/FundMain.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00247-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.810992 | 127 | 3.484375 | 3 |
WASHINGTON — Mayor-elect Bill de Blasio went down to Washington, D.C. today to meet with President Barack Obama, emerging emboldened that a “progressive movement” was sweeping the nation.
Speaking to reporters after the meeting, which included 15 other newly-elected mayors, Mr. de Blasio said it was clear to him that the fight against inequality–which formed the centerpiece of his campaign–was gaining steam far beyond the five boroughs.
“You can’t have a room full of mayors–literally every corner of the country–all spontaneously saying to the president of the United States the same exact things from their own experience: Something’s going on here … So what we have to do is organize it and amplify it,” he told Politicker.
“It was very interesting: a lot of them talked about pre-K, a lot of them talked about early childhood education as one of the breakthrough things we have to do to change the dynamics, a lot of them talked about their growing poverty levels and how it was undermining the future of their cities. So I think there was a really organic unity among all of us of the fact that this is the issue of our times. Fighting inequality is the mission of our times,” he said.
The meeting, organized by the White House, had been called “discuss the ways in which the Obama Administration can serve as an active partner on job creation and ensuring middle class families have a pathway to opportunity.” Speaking in the Roosevelt Room, Mr. Obama said he hoped to partner with the city leaders to help them achieve their goals.
“[M]y hope and goal out of this meeting is we immediate set up a strong partnership with all of the mayors that are here and all of the mayors that are not here where we get a clear sense of what their vision is of how they are trying to deliver services,” he said, according to a pool report.
Mr. de Blasio reportedly sat front and center in the room, directly across from the president as he discussed the recent budget deal, the importance of extending unemployment insurance and the potential benefits of raising the minimum wage.
Later, Mr. de Blasio said that he hoped he and his fellow mayors would be able to come together to help push early education advances, just as current Mayor Michael Bloomberg joined with other city heads to advance issues including immigration reform, climate change and gun control–“but with a different approach.”
“What I think we have to do is something that reaches down more to the grassroots … a real effort to reach Americans in each and every part of this country to say this is a national imperative” he said. “I don’t have the game plan today, I can just tell you the vision to me is to take that same kind of approach that Mayor Bloomberg used I think meaningfully and add to it.” | <urn:uuid:bb511046-cadb-4331-972d-c3e356cf10f9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://observer.com/2013/12/bill-de-blasio-walks-away-from-white-house-meeting-with-sweeping-national-hopes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00290-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.980313 | 602 | 1.640625 | 2 |
My father was a first generation college student. Raised in rural Massachusetts on public assistance, he comes from a large group of siblings, and one of the only Black families in the area. Excelling in school from an early age, he was identified by several of his teachers as gifted, and my grandmother in particular understood that an academic future might be his ticket away from poverty in a small, postindustrial town. My father went on to receive scholarships to a private high school, college, and finally a Ph.D. program, a feat which required herculean efforts on both his and his family’s part. Meanwhile, many of his siblings who struggled in school, battled drug addiction and found themselves in destructive relationships, did not receive the same kind of attention and support, having never been marked by any of their teachers as “worthy of escape.” While they were encouraged to pursue the vocations for which they had been typecast, my father left home in the 10th grade, never to live there again. In my generation, the family is split along class lines, with those who attended college leading middle-class lives in various locations around the country, and those who didn’t residing in the small town in which my father was raised, still wrestling with many of the issues they faced as young people.
I was recently watching an installment of Skip Gates’ America Beyond the Color Line–a project I take issue with for a number of reasons. This particular chapter of the film was dedicated to issues of urban plight. At the moment that I flipped to the broadcasting channel, Gates was sitting with an all Black group of high school students in a classroom on Chicago’s south side. After listening to stories of the students’ struggles and setbacks as members of an impoverished community, Gates asked, “Would it mean something to you all if more wealthy Black folks came back to this neighborhood and said, ‘Look, I made it out, here’s how you can, too’?” Most of the students nodded, and a few shouted their affirmative responses. The episode closed with a predictable monologue about education being the key to success, the primary weapon with which to fight poverty and unlock a brighter future for the Black community–replete with doctor, lawyer and engineer dreams for all Black youth. While formal education, admittedly, has long been mythologized as source of saving grace for the supposedly downtrodden, it is only in recent decades that teaching the oppressed has come to be seen as activist work, something inherently selfless and good, and which helps restore justice to those who have been perennially denied it.
Many in my current student generation are being drawn towards careers in education in larger numbers than ever before. This has to do with a host of social, political and economic shifts–each worth its own individual interrogation–including recession, the availability of jobs in certain sectors, and the urgent need to pay off loans as the price of “higher learning” continues to skyrocket. Yet for the sake of this discussion, the phenomenon I would like to focus on is the relatively recent development of the rhetoric of education as social justice work. Young idealists who seek to involve themselves in making a positive change are moving more and more away from protest, away from grassroots and community organizing, away from militant efforts which seek to challenge oppressive systems, and more and more into joining with the systems themselves, particularly through the means of becoming teachers, principals and policy makers. We as students and young people are not merely encouraged in this direction, but are actively recruited by our learning institutions, the nonprofit sector, and a myriad of private organizations, all of them siphoning resources and rights away from oppressed communities even as they rely on the rhetoric of social justice to appeal to aspiring change makers. The result of this rhetoric’s production, and our belief in it as a generation of young educators, is a sterilized and barren notion of social justice, one which reinvests faith into the exact institutions which structure and perpetuate an inequitable social order.
My father is now a college administrator at his alma mater, and plays a large role in overseeing one of the very institutions which holds such a problematic place in his family’s history. What could easily be read as a narrative of personal triumph for my father as an individual, when placed in a larger context, is one of a family’s being rent apart, and an oppressed community being dismantled, not uplifted. Why do we seldom ask: How is it that so many of our present notions of social justice depend on the individuals who have been largely successful within the order teaching whole communities who have been oppressed by it to work diligently inside of it in the hopes of individual betterment? When did social justice become solely about teaching, talking and testing? How did we all become sold on working within current educational and political models instead of challenging them at their bases, preferably with militant and community-based means of action?
In response to the question, ‘Are teachers activists?’ my answer is: No. Not inherently. Teaching brown kids math, helping recent immigrants master English, or even making an occupational commitment to public education, are none of them inherently radical acts, though they are often characterized as such. This is not to say that choosing education as a profession is in dissonance with struggling for social justice. It is when we believe that it is enough–that simply being a teacher by trade is activism–that we enter into dangerous territory. For this belief is complicit with a plethora of assumptions detrimental to justice, including the notion that learning is inevitably about competition, class mobility and community escape. It leaves unchallenged an oppressive state’s ability to define “the public good,” the power of private bodies to determine curriculum, the bonds between school and the prison industrial complex, and the colonial concept that the oppressed should model themselves after their oppressors in order to be “successful.” Our cooperation with these systems of thought and action results in the perpetuation of the most abhorrent and inequitable structures in global history, and works to destroy the very communities we have naively taken it upon ourselves to “save.”
A true commitment to social justice must be about something deeper and more potent than deigning to work with oppressed people, preparing them for proper immersion into the social orders which have forever defined themselves through their disenfranchisement. Our work as educators cannot simply be around developing the curriculum which has been handed to us and spooning it to our students, hoping to sneak in a few progressive tidbits in the form of readings and discussion questions. A real struggle for justice requires that we fight systems of oppression both in and outside of the classroom, pose real threats to their ability to function, and be brave enough to take the risks required to resist the conservative goals of traditional education, rather than apologetically working along with them. | <urn:uuid:7be46d3b-4594-4ed2-a1f1-13d6f1147156> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://coopcatalyst.wordpress.com/2011/12/09/7328/?like=1&source=post_flair&_wpnonce=671450efa2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720380.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00056-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.981141 | 1,414 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Family recipe's dark secret takes its toll on the heart
Weekend!Food: In Season
For generations, the women in my family have been known for their pie crusts. 'How did you get it so crisp and flaky?' people often ask me. (It sounds like a line from a commercial, but really, they do.) Usually I just smile and say, 'I don't know, that's just how it came out.'
The truth is, we have a shameful secret. It's Crisco. Procter and Gamble began marketing Crisco in 1911. It was the first partially hydrogenated vegetable oil.
By a simple chemical reconfiguration, liquid vegetable oil became a malleable solid that could be heated to very high temperatures without burning. It was easier to work with than butter, less prone than lard to off flavors, and cheaper than either. I'm sure my great-grandmother was thrilled.
Throughout the 20th century, manufacturers increasingly took advantage of the benefits of shortening in cakes, cookies and crackers. It also was used for deep frying in legions of restaurants. Only in the last years of the century did health concerns begin to arise.
'Manufacturers started using it, not because they were evil - it was just an unknown,' says Kimra Hawk, a dietitian at Providence St. Vincent Medical Center. 'It was easier dealing with a solid than a liquid. They also found that it would make superior products.' Crispy foods stayed crisper, and stayed that way longer - and for a lower price, too.
Convenience food takes toll
However, evidence began to mount that trans fatty acids, the type of fat found in shortening, increased the likelihood of heart disease.
And unlike many other food/health claims (Is salt good or bad? Does alcohol poison or save lives? Will eggs clog your arteries or strengthen them?), it now is widely accepted that trans fat raises the levels of bad cholesterol in your body, and also decreases the levels of beneficial cholesterol.
Researchers have found that removing trans fat from the industrial food supply could prevent tens of thousands of heart attacks and deaths caused by heart disease every year.
That is why, in 2006, the city of New York passed a law banning trans fat in restaurant cooking, and why many other municipalities and counties are considering similar measures. Multnomah County Commissioner Lisa Naito recently made such a proposal, although its future is uncertain.
Public awareness of the dangers of trans fat is way up, and many manufacturers and restaurants already are phasing it out. Lay's Potato Chips, for instance, now are fried in sunflower oil and sport a big yellow sunflower on their bag.
Dietitian Hawk has some words of warning about such packaging. 'People see 'trans fat free' and they think it's a healthy food,' she says, 'It's still a deep-fried potato.'
There are other labeling tricks of which to be wary. The government requires packaged food containing trans fat to list the amount, in grams, on the label, along with other nutritional information.
However, if a product contains less than half a gram of trans fat, the manufacturer can legally label it 'zero trans fat.' By eating several servings of a so-called 'zero trans fat' snack, you inadvertently could consume more than your recommended maximum of 2 grams per day.
Margarine can load it on
Most Americans eat about 6 grams of trans fat a day, Hawk says. A small amount occurs naturally in dairy and meat products, she says. The largest amount - about 40 percent - comes from baked goods such as cakes, cookies and bread.
Margarine is second, at 17 percent. If you're choosing margarine over butter to reduce your cholesterol, make sure you choose the right brand. Margarines can contain anywhere from zero to 2.5 grams of trans fat per serving.
Read the label, Hawk says. If you see 'partially hydrogenated vegetable oil' or 'partially hydrogenated vegetable shortening' near the top of the list of ingredients, you can bet on a lot of trans fat. If this is near the bottom of the list, the amount of trans fat may be small.
Also, be careful with products that have been reformulated to reduce trans fat. Sometimes, Hawk says, 'they take out one bad fat and put another bad fat in. … You haven't accomplished anything.'
By my calculation, a slice of my grandmother's apple pie would have contained 3 grams of trans fat. But this year, Crisco changed its formula. Soybean oil now is the main ingredient, with various partially hydrogenated oils farther down the list. The label reads 'zero trans fat.'
I did a taste test comparing old Crisco, new Crisco and Spectrum, which is made entirely from pressed organic palm oil. The Spectrum pie crust was OK, but it tasted a bit stale even fresh from the oven, and it wasn't very flaky.
The new Crisco was slightly better, but I'm sorry to say that the new formula simply doesn't make as good a crust as the old one.
My descendants will have to find some other claim to fame. | <urn:uuid:d4791797-b5a9-4944-bf0a-a54ad3ae517c> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://portlandtribune.com/component/content/article?id=83132 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988717963.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183837-00375-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967339 | 1,072 | 1.960938 | 2 |
- Westlake High School recently held an ice cream social for students who had perfect attendance during the first quarter of the school year. Students who were referral free also were invited to attend. The ice cream social is just one event coordinated by Westlake staff to support its Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS) program. The social was held last month and more than 100 students participated.
- Students at Eva Turner Elementary School celebrated Red Ribbon Week in October. The motto for the week was “Proud to be Drug Free,” and students chose different themes for each day of the week. On Monday, students wore red to show they were proud to be drug free. Tuesday was “Sock it to Drugs” day in which students wore mismatched socks to show their support. On Wednesday, students signed pledges to remain drug free and wore orange to show their commitment against bullying. Students wore their tops backwards or inside out on Thursday during Red Ribbon Week to signify turning their backs to drugs. On Friday, students and staff wore school spirit items such as Turner Tiger shirts and school colors. Red Ribbon Week is celebrated highlighted in the fall.
- Westlake High School held a special ceremony on Nov. 8 to recognize students in the Project Lead the Way (PLTW) Biomedical Science Program. During the ceremony, a group of 15 juniors and seniors received a white laboratory coat in recognition of their commitment to the program. PLTW students often pursue careers in the medical field after they complete the Biomedical program. Students in the program take courses such as principles of biomedical science and human body systems, to medical interventions and biomedical innovation.
- In preparation for visits to Salisbury University next month, several Thomas Stone High School students recently met with admissions counselors. Several Salisbury counselors visited with Stone students last month to talk with them about transcripts, how to make accomplishments stand out on a resume and shared other important tips about the college application process. Several students signed up for the chance to talk with a college admissions counselor during the school day.
- A group of students from Westlake High School recently traveled to Theodore G. Davis Middle School to talk about their experiences in the Advancement Via Individual Determination (AVID) program. The AVID program includes classes designed to prepare students for college-level coursework. Students enrolled in the program complete a challenging course load with a college prep path. AVID students also participate in activities focused on organization, use of learning logs and binders, team building and time management, public speaking and test-taking skills. Nine schools currently offer the AVID program – John Hanson, Mattawoman, Matthew Henson, General Smallwood and Benjamin Stoddert middle schools, and Henry E. Lackey, Maurice J. McDonough, Thomas Stone and Westlake high schools.
- Student actors at Westlake High School recently wrapped up their fall play production of “Game of Tiaras.” The show featured plot twists similar to those found in the television show “Game of Thrones” and included undertones of Shakespearean tragedy. Prior to the launch of the show, the Westlake Drama Club participated in a live video chat with the Game of Tiaras author, playwright Don Zolidis. Students interacted with Zolidis using the telepresence classroom at Westlake and learned some of the behind the scenes details of the script.
- Kindergarten students at Eva Turner Elementary School recently participated in a class lesson about the five senses. The lesson was unique in that teachers challenged the students to taste items from five different food groups: dairy, grain, vegetable, protein and fruit. Students in Taylor Frey’s kindergarten class participated in the lesson. Some enjoyed the lesson and new tastes, while other students voiced their dislikes.
- Thomas Stone High School, as well as the six other county high schools, hosted a financial aid night in the fall for parents, students and the school community. Stone’s college and career advisor, Ava Morton, planned the event and invited representatives from the College of Southern Maryland and Wells Fargo. Attendees learned about college funding options, how and when to complete the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) and how to maneuver the scholarship search process. All county high schools host financial aid nights annually in the fall.
Charles County Public Schools provides 26,900 students in grades prekindergarten through 12 with an academically challenging education. Located in Southern Maryland, Charles County Public Schools has 36 schools that offer a technologically advanced, progressive and high quality education that builds character, equips for leadership and prepares students for life, careers and higher education.
The Charles County public school system does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, age or disability in its programs, activities or employment practices. For inquiries, please contact Dr. Patricia Vaira, Title IX/ADA/Section 504 Coordinator (students) or Nikial M. Majors, Title IX/ADA/Section 504 coordinator (employees/ adults), at Charles County Public Schools, Jesse L. Starkey Administration Building, P.O. Box 2770, La Plata, MD 20646; 301-932-6610/301-870-3814. For special accommodations call 301-934-7230 or TDD 1-800-735-2258 two weeks prior to the event. | <urn:uuid:1b6d723f-fa7d-48e4-a0ac-807878587e3a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www2.ccboe.com/pr/ccps-school-news-briefs-4/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.949371 | 1,118 | 1.703125 | 2 |
The contraceptive method SLYND Birth Control (drospirenone) is used as an oral contraceptive. It is supplied transparently on the slightly opaque PVC-PVDC / aluminum blister cards, each containing 24 white tablets, each containing 4 mg drospirenone, a synthetic progestogen compound and 4 inert green tablets.
Drospirenon (SLYND Birth Control) is chemically described as (6R, 7R, 8R, 9S, 10R, 13S, 14S, 15S, 16S, 17S) 1,3 ‘, 4’, 6,6a, 7,8,9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 15a, 16-hexadecahydro 10,13-dimethylspiro- [17H-dicyclopropa- [6.7: 15.16] cyclopenta [a] phenanthrene-17,2 ‘(5H) furan ] -3.5 ‘(2H) -dione). It has a molecular weight of 366.5, a molecular formula of C24H30O3
Drospirenone is a white to almost white or slightly yellow crystalline powder. It is a progestogen and a neutral molecule with low water solubility.
The active tablet is a 5 mm round, white, senseless film-coated tablet containing 4 mg drospirenone as active ingredient and microcrystalline cellulose NF, anhydrous lactose NF, colloidal silicon dioxide NF, magnesium stearate NF, partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol NF, talc NF, titanium dioxide NF and polyethylene glycol NF as inactive components. On each panel, the letter “E” is engraved on one side and the letter “D” on the other side.
The inert tablet is a round, green, meaningless 5 mm film-coated tablet that does not contain drospirenone. Each inert green tablet contains the following inactive ingredients: Lactose monohydrate NF, corn starch NF, povidone 30,000 NF, colloidal silicon dioxide NF, magnesium stearate NF, hypromellose NF, talc NF, polysorbate 2910 NF, triacetin NF, FD & C blue 2 lakes of aluminum and yellow Iron oxide.
SLYND (drospirenone) birth control is a progestogen indicated for women with reproductive potential to prevent pregnancy. Common side effects of Slynd are:
- irregular menstrual bleeding,
- A headache,
- Chest pain,
- Weight gain,
- Menstrual cramps,
- Vaginal bleeding
- decreased sexual desire and
- Breast sensitivity
The SLYND contraceptive dose is one tablet to be taken daily for 28 days. A white tablet is activated daily for the first 24 days and a green tablet is deactivated daily for the next 4 days. Slynd may interact with efavirenz, phenytoin, barbiturates, carbamazepine, bosentan, felbamate, griseofulvin, oxcarbazepine, rifampicin, rifabutin, rufinamiderufinamide, aprepitant, and products containing St. John’s wort, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II, potassium diagonist antagonist antagonist antagonists -II receptor antagonists, potassium supplements, heparin, aldosterone antagonists and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
Tell your doctor about all medicines and supplements you use. Slynd is not intended for use during pregnancy. Stop Slynd if pregnancy occurs. Insignificant amounts of Slynd are excreted in breast milk, but this should not affect infants. Ask your doctor before breastfeeding.
SLYND (drospirenone) oral contraceptive tablet The Side Effects Drug Center provides a complete overview of the information available on the possible side effects of taking this medicine.
This is not a complete list of side effects, and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice on side effects.
Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.
Call your doctor or seek emergency medical help if you have severe pain in your lower stomach or side. This could be a sign of a tubal pregnancy (a pregnancy that implants in the fallopian tube instead of the uterus). A tubal pregnancy is a medical emergency.
Call your doctor at once if you have:
- severe or ongoing nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea;
- high potassium level–nausea, weakness, tingly feeling, chest pain, irregular heartbeats, loss of movement;
- signs of a stroke–sudden numbness or weakness (especially on one side of the body), sudden severe headache, slurred speech, problems with vision or balance;
- signs of a blood clot–sudden vision loss, stabbing chest pain, feeling short of breath, coughing up blood, pain or warmth in one or both legs;
- liver problems–loss of appetite, upper stomach pain, tiredness, dark urine, clay-colored stools, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes); or
- symptoms of depression–sleep problems, weakness, tired feeling, mood changes. | <urn:uuid:cea2d779-6dd1-4b07-ba69-8f7336b98a96> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://healthanddietblog.com/slynd-birth-control-things-to-know-today/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00470.warc.gz | en | 0.806277 | 1,138 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Family Law LLB (Hons)London South Bank University Department of Education
- Bachelor's degree
- London (Inglaterra)
¿Qué aprendes en este curso?
Assessment is through coursework, oral presentation, multiple choice tests, case notes, in class essays and exams. Methods of assessment for course overall: 18% courseworkYear 1
- Public law
You'll study the fundamental laws, practices and principles of Public law which define and influence the relationship between the individual and the state as characterised by various governmental institutions in the UK. Detailed consideration is given to the fundamental mechanisms by which human rights are protected and government is subject to legal and political accountability. Various skills are developed including those of analysis, critical evaluation and problem solving.
- Law of torts
This module builds on the Introduction to Tort and Contract Module and introduces you to the basic concepts of tortious liability in the context of negligence and torts derived from negligence. The module seeks to explore the workings of these areas of torts with exploration of the underlying legal, social and economic policies. In addition this module is also designed to reinforce 3LS.
- Law of contract
This module is designed to build on the Introduction to Tort and Contract Module and introduces you to the basic concepts of contractual liability arising in the context of contract content, vitiating factors and discharge of a contract. You'll explore the workings of these areas of contract by considering the underlying legal, social and economic policies. In addition this module is also designed to reinforce 3LS.
- Public and EU law
In this module you will further develop your understanding of the nature of constitutional arrangements in the UK with a focus on the sovereignty especially in relation to membership of the EU.
- Introduction to contract and tort
This module is designed as your introduction to the areas of Tort and Contract Law. You'll be introduced to the basic concepts of contractual and tortious liability. In terms of substantive coverage, Contract Law will focus on formation of contract and Tort will focus on Trespass to the Person and how this aims to ensure protection of liberty, autonomy and personal integrity. The module seeks to explore the workings of these areas of law with exploration of the underlying legal, social and economic policies. In addition this module is also designed to reinforce 3LS.
- Legal skills, legal study, legal system
You'll be introduced to aspects of the English Legal System, and practical, transferable and legal skills and legal theory essential to effective engagement with their legal studies. You'll be introduced to the theories of what law is and what are its sources, the court system, EU and International law, and the personnel involved in the administration of the law.
You'll encounter and develop a range of skills, including study skills, deriving law from primary sources and explaining, discussing and applying it, research, using secondary sources, problem solving, essay writing, communication and IT skills, numerical skills, and reflective learning.
- Property, equity and trusts 1
This module introduces you property law (including Land law) and Equity and Trusts. You'll study some basic property law topics, focusing upon the creation, transfer and management of property interests. Key legal, transferable and practical skills are developed. At the same time, the module explores the economic and social basis of property law in business and the family, and the reasons for and policies behind the law. Assessment is by means of a part seen examination. The module also gives preparation for the further study of Property Equity and Trusts 2 and Land Law.
- EU rights
Law of the European Union reflects the importance of EU law in the English Legal system. It is important to the management of the UK economy and relevant to the financial practitioners in the City. Business leader's decisions are influenced by EU competition law. It is important to migrants and practitioners of immigration law, to consumers and trading standards officials, to all employees through employment law and to all of us in relation to the environment. The module is assessed by an unseen examination paper (100% - 2 hours plus 15 mins reading time).
- Criminal law 1
You'll be introduced to the basic principles of criminal liability, and will explore statutory and common law sources on which the law is based. The module is assessed by a part seen examination paper (100% - 2 hour examination + 15 minutes reading time - 50% for unseen questions and 50% for a seen question which will be made available to students a week prior to the examination).
- Criminal law 2 and the law of criminal evidence
In this module you'll build upon the basic principles of criminal liability studied in Criminal Law 1 and examine how the rules of Evidence apply while considering some more complex areas of the Criminal law. The module is assessed by a trial Observation (50% - 2,500 words maximum) for Criminal Evidence, and, an unseen examination paper (50% - 1 hour + 15 minutes reading time) for Criminal Law 2.
- Working in the law
In this module you're provided with an opportunity to develop transferable and practical skills in the context of your career development. You'll have the opportunity to think about different kinds of legal work and to reflect on your knowledge, develop and practice your skills and gain experience needed to pursue the career of their choice. The module will assist you in making, reviewing and implementing your career plan. You'll be encouraged and supported in gaining practical work experience in furtherance of the development of their career plan alongside the module. The module is assessed by 100% coursework.
One option from:
- Gender, justice and the law
You'll explore a number of legal topics which have important consequences for women and their relationship with the law. You'll be encouraged to develop an appreciation of the social, economic and political contexts in which the law and feminist theories operate. The Module recognises the importance of combining theory and practice and seeks to explore those connections by embedding theory within a practical legal framework; for example, by exploring the impact of feminist and associated theories in the areas of Domestic Violence, Rape and Sexual Harassment.
- Alternative dispute resolution: theory and practice
This module begins with looking at the theories of the function of courts, the problems related and the relationship this has to the emergence of ADR processes. The module looks at legal theory and then specifically ADR theory that emerged from the US in the 1970-'s and 80's. You'll then be introduced to the specific skills involved in negotiation and mediation. In looking at the theory of these processes, the module identifies the principles and ethics that have evolved in this developing field. Communication skills are taught on this module. You'll be expected to write up your experience and evaluation of your skills each week. This skills report is your first piece of assessment.
- Medical law and ethics
You'll study key concepts of medical law and medical ethics. You'll study current topics of debate in medical law, such as consent to treatment, abortion and euthanasia, from a legal and then an ethical perspective. This allows you to analyse and explore the relationship between ethics and law. You then choose one of these topics as the subject for an extended essay, researching, analysing and evaluating the law and proposals for reform in the light of different ethical positions and approaches.
- Law and politics
You'll examine a number of the major theories of law and state from the foundations of the modern British constitution to the present day. This will by done through readings and discussions of extracts from original texts in small groups. The Module explores the operation of the law through an examination of both classical and modern legal theories.
- Property, equity and trusts 2
You'll build on the Property Equity and Trusts 1 module, in particular its introduction to Equity and Trusts, to fulfil the study of these topics required by the legal professional bodies as a foundation subject of a qualifying law degree. You'll examine the trust and equity in action by considering the powers and duties of trustees, and the control exercised by the courts over them at the behest of beneficiaries (or in the case of charity trustees, the Attorney-General and the Charity Commissioners). Special attention is given to the role of trustees in the management of charities and co-owned land among numerous other examples of the role played by trustees in business life, such as in pension funds, investments, and as personal representatives. The module is assessed by a part seen end of term examination paper (100% - 2 hour examination + 15 minutes reading time).
- Relationships and their financial consequences
In this module you'll examine selected aspects of black letter law in the context of family relationships – marriage, cohabitation, same sex partnerships and will examine the legal status of each one. There will be discussion and comparison of the differing family patterns and you'll examine the law and government attitude to domestic violence in each type of relationship. You'll then examine financial responsibilities and liabilities of the adults in the family and will look at the financial position when the relationship breaks down. At appropriate points the Parliamentary standpoint will be discussed.
- Project (family law)
You'll be given an opportunity to carry out extended, independent, research in an area of your choice relating to substantive English law. Normally, you'll not be allowed to choose a topic that has been taught in detail on the degree. There are three pieces of assessed work, which count towards the final project mark. A project supervisor is allocated to you once you've selected a project area.
- Land law
Land law is a study of relationships. You'll study the relationship between the land and the rights which can exist in or over it, the relationship between the various persons who own an estate or interest over the land or want to defeat the competing interests in or over the land. You'll look at the rights and duties of each party to that relationship, how these relationships co-exit and what happens when the relationships come into conflict. Land Law governs the relative priorities enjoyed by two or more interests concerning the same piece of land. Land Law creates clear rules and formalities as to how the owner of an interest in land can acquire, transfer or extinguish that interest in land. You'll study the interests over land which Land Law is prepared to recognise and how these interests must be protected to ensure enforceability against third parties. The module is assessed by a part seen end of term examination paper (100% - 2 hour examination + 15 minutes reading time).
- Law in relation to children
You'll examine black letter law in the context of children in relation to the adults in their lives. Starting with private law disputes about children you'll progress to looking at abduction, public law cases and on to adoption. The child in court as a defendant or witness will be dealt with as a separate topic which will be related back to the role of the child in each of the other topics covered. At each stage the Parliamentary standpoint will be discussed.
Plus one option from:
- Civil litigation
The module examines key areas in the civil litigation process, from pre-action steps and issue of claim, through to trial and appeal.
- Criminal litigation in context (CILEx)
You'll examine key areas in the criminal litigation process, from arrest and charge, through to trial, appeal and sentencing. You'll focus on the roles of key personnel and organisations in the criminal justice system, the funding of criminal matters by the Legal Services Commission/Criminal Defence service and human rights issues. You'll also be introduced to the rules of client care & professional conduct in criminal cases, criminal evidence and the special considerations that apply to young offenders under the age of 18.
- Analysis of evidence and proof
- Mediation and negotiation skills
This module starts with looking at negotiation process and theories and strategies of negotiation. You'll look at the blocks to negotiation and then the use of mediation and its process and principles. In looking at the theory of the mediation process, the module identifies the principles and ethics that have evolved in this developing field. The emphasis on the module is demonstrated by the practical element involved in every week of classes, where you'll do practical exercises requiring you to role play and use different skills involved in negotiation and mediation. Communication skills are taught on this module and used to enhance negotiation skills. You'll write up their experience and evaluation of their skills each week and this is their first piece of assessment – a reflective skills report.
- European human rights
You'll critically consider and evaluate the protection provided by the European Convention on Human Rights and its institutions and to consider its impact in setting human rights norms.
- International protection of human rights
You'll study the International Protection of Human Rights in the context of specific countries and themes. Lectures will introduce you to key topics such as the UN procedures and Human Rights Activism. You'll then research these topics in the context of a specific country (such as Myanmar, Nigeria and Pakistan) and theme (such as Fair Trial, Free Speech and Torture). Seminar discussions will be based on research on your selected country and theme. There will be an emphasis on developing effective strategies for combating human rights abuses. Assessment is by a single piece of Coursework.
Working in the Law is a compulsory module for second year LLB students. The module delivers sessions on graduate employability, writing applications for law work, developing Curriculum Vitae and making presentations. You'll actively use online materials developed by the University Careers Service designed to encourage you to think about your knowledge, skills and attributes when considering career options. Personality and psychometric tests are carried out for you to further reflect upon and provide an opportunity to develop further as part of the Personal Development Plan (PDP). The module goes further to introduce you to the contentious and non contentious areas of practice, providing an opportunity to appreciate application of the law in practice.
The module places a great emphasis on employability, you're supported in gaining work experience and additional evening sessions are arranged for practitioners to deliver talks to you about life in practice. We regularly arrange Continuing Professional Development sessions, which are open to you to attend and provide an opportunity to network with practitioners. | <urn:uuid:39f991d8-7f0a-4cba-9ee2-c3b8143e8d40> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.emagister.com.mx/licenciatura/family_law_llb_hons-courses-uk-170427870.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00422-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.939968 | 2,870 | 1.6875 | 2 |
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The World Wide Web Consortium's browser/editor of record. Includes support for HTML 4.01, XHTML 1.0, XHTML Basic, XHTML 1.1, HTTP 1.1, MathML 2.0, many CSS 2 features and SVG. Includes Annotea, an annotation application based on XPointer and RDF. Instructions on compiling and installing the package on Mac OS X.
Mozilla-based browser includes a web-browser, an email/news client and a web page editor.
Archived page of a wrapper for the Gecko layout engine for use in a Cocoa NSView by third-party developers.
A Gecko-based web browser for PowerPC-based Macintosh systems.
Another service by AOL Time Warner also includes its own browser.
Archived page for Mozilla for Mac OS X only.
Fully Carbon, fully Mac, fully CFM (Code Fragment Manager) version of Fizzilla.
Archived page of "mach-o" version of Fizzilla with UNIX back-end and Mac OS/Carbon front-end.
Elegant FTP client and Web browser. Can batch download files and perform Sherlock searches, even on older systems. Formerly known as Anarchie Pro.
Mac-based Web Browsers
Listing of Mac-based web browsers, including title, description, and link to download web browser.
Fully-featured browser for Mac OS X received Apple Design Awards for Best Mac OS X User Experience and Best New Mac OS X Product in 2001.
Browser for Mac computers. It contains a backup to the cloud feature (RClouds), a preview of websites within its tabs (VisiTabs) and the ability to create shortcuts to websites.
Maker of PDF Browser Plugin (to view PDF files in any Mac browser other than Internet Explorer) and Word Browser Plugin (to view text previews of Word documents in any Mac browser other than Internet Explorer). OS 10.3 or later required.
A fork Mozilla Firefox for the Power Macintosh and Mac OS X Tiger PowerPC, to retain compatibility with the older architecture.
The Wanna-Be Web Browser provides limited text-based browsing functionality for Macintoshes running System 7.5 or later.
Wikipedia - Mac OS Web Browsers
Descriptions of and links to browsers which run on a Mac computer.
MacDevCenter.com: Camino and Safari Compared
Article compares Camino 0.7 and Safari 1.0. (March 01, 2003)
Last update:October 18, 2016 at 8:54:07 UTC | <urn:uuid:a17bb655-e0f6-458a-9a12-2d60693699c8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.dmoz.org/Computers/Software/Operating_Systems/Mac_OS/Software/Internet/Web_Browsers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00063-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.769466 | 543 | 1.703125 | 2 |
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AIDS to HIV(T-cell)
Mar 15, 2003
If T-cell count classifies that you have aids, and your T-cell count goes up, do you go back to HIV?
Response from Dr. Holodniy
It kind of depends on who needs to know the answer. From a biological standpoint, if your CD4 count increases due to therapy, then you are no longer at risk for serious AIDS associated infections and complications. You therefore go back to being HIV infected and not having AIDS. This has begun to be an issue with insurance companies, state agencies, etc, about whether people should still be receiving AIDS-level benefits.
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‘Every day someone dies.There was too much noise at night, bombs and gunfire shook the ground,” said a Syrian refugee who found a safe haven in Simcoe County
When she was about seven years old, Silva Buzan fell asleep in a van while driving to Aleppo late at night when she was shot in the abdomen by unidentified assailants.
She was awakened by the sound of gunfire and stood up straight for a few seconds when a bullet passed through the van and hit her in the gut. If she had been sitting, it would have hit her head.
Her brother was also shot, with a bullet hitting his upper thigh. He also fell asleep.
Silva’s father, Ahmed, held her in his arms. Her mother Hasna tore off the hijab she was wearing and wrapped it around her son’s leg as a tourniquet.
Another Boshan’s son, Khalil, who was only about six years old at the time, remembers that night in detail. His mother was screaming. The van ran out of gas and they had to park behind a building and fill it up with Jerry cans. His sister’s intestines came out of the bloody wound in her abdomen.
He was convinced that his siblings were shot by ISIS forces.
They eventually met their uncle, who came to them with the police in Aleppo. They desperately searched for a hospital – one that could take care of Kurdish patients – and finally found one.
“In five minutes, I’ll be dead,” recalls Silva, now sitting on a lawn chair in the Collingwood home’s backyard. She graduated high school this year and will be attending Georgia College as a pharmacy technician.
The Buzan family fled Syria during the civil war and ended up in Canada as the first family sponsored by the Collingwood Syrian Patronage Committee. They arrived in Collingwood on June 1, 2016, after years of fleeing violence and racism.
In Syria, the family has faced violence because of their Kurdish ancestry. In Turkey, they fled from their homes in Syria to Turkey, where they were denied medical care, police protection, and even access to playgrounds because they were Syrian.
“A lot of people don’t know what we’ve been through,” Silva said. “Life is hard.”
Khalil and Silva said they would not be allowed into the playground. Groups of children would line up to pass so they could beat Kurdish children. Few hospitals accept Kurdish patients.
“In Turkey, they tell refugees to go home, violence against refugees,” said Khalil, who graduated from high school this year. “Turks want refugees back to their country, but it’s not safe to go home.”
The Buzan family hid for days in the basement of the apartment building before leaving. They heard tanks, planes, bombs in their city. The building next to them was razed to the ground in a bombardment.
“Every day people die,” Khalil said. “We didn’t get a lot of sleep. There was too much noise at night, bombs and gunfire shook the ground.”
Food is also scarce – a truck arrives every day with supplies and bread, but often not enough to keep people waiting in line.
“People would fight other people for food,” Silva said.
The Buzans did escape, and they came to Collingwood to find a group of volunteers eager to help them build their new home.
The sponsorship covers the cost of a year, with volunteers helping arrange English lessons, driving lessons, transportation, connections to school and community sports, and childcare for parents while they are in English lessons.
Less than a month after arriving, the family welcomed their sixth child, a son named Evan, the first Canadian in their family. In 2019, they bought a house.
Ahmed Bozan will be the second person to hold a civic ceremony in July.
Upon arrival, they found work as housekeepers in the Blue Mountains, and Ahmed now runs his own car grooming shop. He also works part-time at the Holiday Inn. Silva and Khalil both work in the Blue Mountains.
Halil also entered Georgia College in the fall to study electrical engineering.
The family is grateful for what they call the Collingwood community and the help they have received from the many who welcomed them and supported their movement across the world.
They travel with very few things, but arrive at a home, furniture and clothes.
Every day, they are reminded of the lives they escaped. Many of their family members still live that way.
Hasna worries about her sisters, who face the danger of war, food shortages caused by drought and an impossible market with skyrocketing prices.
Today (20 June) is World Refugee Day – a time to remember those like the Hasna family surrounded by war, violence, racism and death.
“I think it’s time to raise awareness about the plight of refugees,” said Ruth Plante, a member of the Collingwood Syria Sponsorship Committee. “There are people who have lived in refugee camps their whole lives and they will never see the light at the end of the tunnel. I think a lot of them still hope that someday things will change.”
Since its inception in 2016, the council has sponsored two Syrian families and one Iraqi family. They also support others who travel to Collingwood as refugees in other projects.
Two families have purchased a home in Collingwood and three of their children are now in higher education. All the adults have found jobs, and many families who arrived first are helping to support the newcomers.
The committee received an anonymous donation to allow them to sponsor a new refugee family, and Plant said they are now working through the process and waiting to hear which family they will be matched with and where they will come from.
“There are many refugees who have been waiting many, many years for sponsorship,” Plant said.
The committee welcomes volunteers and may collect donations at a later date for future family sponsorships. Volunteers who speak Afghan, Sudanese or Somali languages are especially needed to help with translations.
Volunteers interested in joining the committee can email Plant at [email protected] | <urn:uuid:146ea2ad-fcdf-4914-8ff9-781d17fc1e7e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://decwells.com/a-refugees-lament-in-five-more-minutes-i-would-have-died/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00677.warc.gz | en | 0.98527 | 1,315 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Mises Daily Articles
Children and Rights
We have now established each man's property right in his own person and in the virgin land that he finds and transforms by his labor, and we have shown that from these two principles we can deduce the entire structure of property rights in all types of goods. These include the goods which he acquires in exchange or as a result of a voluntary gift or bequest.
There remains, however, the difficult case of children. The right of self-ownership by each man has been established for adults, for natural self-owners who must use their minds to select and pursue their ends. On the other hand, it is clear that a newborn babe is in no natural sense an existing self-owner, but rather a potential self-owner.1 But this poses a difficult problem: for when, or in what way, does a growing child acquire his natural right to liberty and self-ownership? Gradually, or all at once? At what age? And what criteria do we set forth for this shift or transition?...
Even from birth, the parental ownership is not absolute but of a "trustee" or guardianship kind. In short, every baby as soon as it is born and is therefore no longer contained within his mother's body possesses the right of self-ownership by virtue of being a separate entity and a potential adult. It must therefore be illegal and a violation of the child's rights for a parent to aggress against his person by mutilating, torturing, murdering him, etc. On the other hand, the very concept of "rights" is a "negative" one, demarcating the areas of a person's action that no man may properly interfere with. No man can therefore have a "right" to compel someone to do a positive act, for in that case the compulsion violates the right of person or property of the individual being coerced. Thus, we may say that a man has a right to his property (i.e., a right not to have his property invaded), but we cannot say that anyone has a "right" to a "living wage," for that would mean that someone would be coerced into providing him with such a wage, and that would violate the property rights of the people being coerced. As a corollary this means that, in the free society, no man may be saddled with the legal obligation to do anything for another, since that would invade the former's rights; the only legal obligation one man has to another is to respect the other man's rights.
Applying our theory to parents and children, this means that a parent does not have the right to aggress against his children, but also that the parent should not have a legal obligation to feed, clothe, or educate his children, since such obligations would entail positive acts coerced upon the parent and depriving the parent of his rights. The parent therefore may not murder or mutilate his child, and the law properly outlaws a parent from doing so. But the parent should have the legal right not to feed the child, i.e., to allow it to die.2 The law, therefore, may not properly compel the parent to feed a child or to keep it alive.3 (Again, whether or not a parent has a moral rather than a legally enforceable obligation to keep his child alive is a completely separate question.) This rule allows us to solve such vexing questions as: should a parent have the right to allow a deformed baby to die (e.g., by not feeding it)?4 The answer is of course yes, following a fortiori from the larger right to allow any baby, whether deformed or not, to die. (Though, as we shall see below, in a libertarian society the existence of a free baby market will bring such "neglect" down to a minimum.)
Our theory also enables us to examine the question of Dr. Kenneth Edelin, of Boston City Hospital, who was convicted in 1975 of manslaughter for allowing a fetus to die (at the wish, of course, of the mother) after performing an abortion. If parents have the legal right to allow a baby to die, then a fortiori they have the same right for extra-uterine fetuses. Similarly, in a future world where babies may be born in extra-uterine devices ("test tubes"), again the parents would have the legal right to "pull the plug" on the fetuses or, rather, to refuse to pay to continue the plug in place.
Let us examine the implications of the doctrine that parents should have a legally enforceable obligation to keep their children alive. The argument for this obligation contains two components: that the parents created the child by a freely chosen, purposive act; and that the child is temporarily helpless and not a self-owner.5 If we consider first the argument from helplessness, then first, we may make the general point that it is a philosophical fallacy to maintain that A's needs properly impose coercive obligations on B to satisfy these needs. For one thing, B's rights are then violated. Secondly, if a helpless child may be said to impose legal obligations on someone else, why specifically on its parents, and not on other people? What do the parents have to do with it? The answer, of course, is that they are the creators of the child, but this brings us to the second argument, the argument from creation.
Considering, then, the creation argument, this immediately rules out any obligation of a mother to keep a child alive who was the result of an act of rape, since this was not a freely undertaken act. It also rules out any such obligation by a stepparent, foster parent, or guardian, who didn't participate at all in creating the child.
Furthermore, if creation engenders an obligation to maintain the child, why should it stop when the child becomes an adult? As Evers states:
The parents are still the creators of the child, why aren't they obliged to support the child forever? It is true that the child is no longer helpless; but helplessness (as pointed out above) is not in and of itself a cause of binding obligation. If the condition of being the creator of another is the source of the obligation, and this condition persists, why doesn't the obligation?6
And what of the case, in some future decade, when a scientist becomes able to create human life in the laboratory? The scientist is then the "creator." Must he also have a legal obligation to keep the child alive? And suppose the child is deformed and ill, scarcely human; does he still have a binding legal obligation to maintain the child? And if so, how much of his resources — his time, energy, money, capital equipment — should he be legally required to invest to keep the child alive? Where does his obligation stop, and by what criterion?
This question of resources is also directly relevant to the case of natural parents. As Evers points out:
[L]et us consider the case of poor parents who have a child who gets sick. The sickness is grave enough that the parents in order to obtain the medical care to keep the baby alive, would have to starve themselves. Do the parents have an …obligation to lessen the quality of their own lives even to the point of self-extinction to aid the child?7
And if not, we might add, at what point does the parents' legal obligation properly cease? And by what criterion? Evers goes on:
One might want to argue that parents owe only the average minimal care (heat, shelter, nutrition) necessary to keep a child alive. But, if one is going to take the obligation position, it seems illogical — in view of the wide variety of human qualities and characteristics — to tie obligation to the Procrustean bed of the human average.8
A common argument holds that the voluntary act of the parents has created a "contract" by which the parents are obligated to maintain the child. But
- this would also entail the alleged "contract" with the fetus that would prohibit abortion, and
- this falls into all the difficulties with the contract theory as analyzed above.
Finally as Evers points out, suppose that we consider the case of a person who voluntarily rescues a child from a flaming wreck that kills the child's parents. In a very real sense, the rescuer has brought life to the child; does the rescuer, then, have a binding legal obligation to keep the child alive from then on? Wouldn't this be a "monstrous involuntary servitude that is being foisted upon a rescuer?"9 And if for the rescuer, why not also for the natural parent?
The mother, then, becomes at the birth of her child its "trustee-owner," legally obliged only not to aggress against the child's person, since the child possesses the potential for self-ownership. Apart from that, so long as the child lives at home, it must necessarily come under the jurisdiction of its parents, since it is living on property owned by those parents. Certainly the parents have the right to set down rules for the use of their home and property for all persons (whether children or not) living in that home.
But when are we to say that this parental trustee jurisdiction over children shall come to an end? Surely any particular age (21,18, or whatever) can only be completely arbitrary. The clue to the solution of this thorny question lies in the parental property rights in their home. For the child has his full rights of self-ownership when he demonstrates that he has them in nature — in short, when he leaves or "runs away" from home. Regardless of his age, we must grant to every child the absolute right to run away and to find new foster parents who will voluntarily adopt him, or to try to exist on his own. Parents may try to persuade the runaway child to return, but it is totally impermissible enslavement and an aggression upon his right of self-ownership for them to use force to compel him to return. The absolute right to run away is the child's ultimate expression of his right of self-ownership, regardless of age.
Now if a parent may own his child (within the framework of non-aggression and runaway freedom), then he may also transfer that ownership to someone else. He may give the child out for adoption, or he may sell the rights to the child in a voluntary contract. In short, we must face the fact that the purely free society will have a flourishing free market in children. Superficially, this sounds monstrous and inhuman. But closer thought will reveal the superior humanism of such a market. For we must realize that there is a market for children now, but that since the government prohibits sale of children at a price, the parents may now only give their children away to a licensed adoption agency free of charge.10 This means that we now indeed have a child-market, but that the government enforces a maximum price control of zero, and restricts the market to a few privileged and therefore monopolistic agencies. The result has been a typical market where the price of the commodity is held by government far below the free-market price: an enormous "shortage" of the good. The demand for babies and children is usually far greater than the supply, and hence we see daily tragedies of adults denied the joys of adopting children by prying and tyrannical adoption agencies. In fact, we find a large unsatisfied demand by adults and couples for children, along with a large number of surplus and unwanted babies neglected or maltreated by their parents. Allowing a free market in children would eliminate this imbalance, and would allow for an allocation of babies and children away from parents who dislike or do not care for their children, and toward foster parents who deeply desire such children. Everyone involved: the natural parents, the children, and the foster parents purchasing the children, would be better off in this sort of society.11
In the libertarian society, then, the mother would have the absolute right to her own body and therefore to perform an abortion; and would have the trustee-ownership of her children, an ownership limited only by the illegality of aggressing against their persons and by their absolute right to run away or to leave home at any time. Parents would be able to sell their trustee-rights in children to anyone who wished to buy them at any mutually agreed price.
The present state of juvenile law in the United States, it might be pointed out, is in many ways nearly the reverse of our desired libertarian model. In the current situation, both the rights of parents and children are systematically violated by the State.12
First, the rights of the parents. In present law, children may be seized from their parents by outside adults (almost always, the State) for a variety of reasons. Two reasons, physical abuse by the parent and voluntary abandonment, are plausible, since in the former case the parent aggressed against the child, and in the latter the parent voluntarily abandoned custody. Two points, however, should be mentioned:
- that, until recent years, the parents were rendered immune by court decisions from ordinary tort liability in physically aggressing against their children — fortunately, this is now being remedied;13 and
- despite the publicity being given to the "battered child syndrome," it has been estimated that only 5 percent of "child abuse" cases involve physical aggression by the parents.14
On the other hand, the two other grounds for seizing children from their parents, both coming under the broad rubric of "child neglect," clearly violate parental rights. These are: failure to provide children with the "proper" food, shelter, medical care, or education; and failure to provide children with a "fit environment." It should be clear that both categories, and especially the latter, are vague enough to provide an excuse for the State to seize almost any children, since it is up to the State to define what is "proper" and "fit." Equally vague are other, corollary, standards allowing the State to seize children whose "optimal development" is not being promoted by the parents, or where the "best interests" of the child (again, all defined by the State) are promoted thereby.
A few recent cases will serve as examples of how broadly the seizure power has been exercised. In the 1950 case of In re Watson, the state found a mother to have neglected three children by virtue of the fact that she was "incapable by reason of her emotional status, her mental condition, and her allegedly deeply religious feelings amounting to fanaticism." In its decision, fraught with totalitarian implications, the court stressed the alleged obligation of parents to bring up children respecting and adjusting to "the conventions and the mores of the community in which they are to live."15 In 1954, in the case of Hunter v. Powers, the court again violated religious freedom as well as parental rights by seizing a child on the ground that the parent was too intensely devoted to a nonconformist religion, and that the child should properly have been studying or playing, rather than passing out religious literature. A year later, in the case of In re Black, a Utah court seized eight children from their parents because the parents had failed to teach the children that polygamy was immoral.16
Not only religion, but also personal morality has been dictated by the government. In 1962, five children were seized from their mother by a court on the ground that the mother "frequently entertained male companions in the apartment." In other cases, courts have held parents to have "neglected" the child, and thereupon seized the child, because parental quarrelling or a child's sense of insecurity allegedly endangered the child's best interests.
In a recent decision, Justice Woodside of the Pennsylvania Superior Court trenchantly warned of the massive coercive potential of the "best interest" criterion:
A court should not take the custody of a child from their parents solely on the ground that the state or its agencies can find a better home for them. If "the better home" test were the only test, public welfare officials could take children from half the parents in the state whose homes are considered to be the less desirable and place them in the homes of the other half of the population considered to have the more desirable homes. Extending this principle further, we would find that the family believed to have the best home would have the choice of any of our children.17
The rights of children, even more than those of parents, have been systematically invaded by the state. Compulsory school attendance laws, endemic in the United States since the turn of this century, force children either into public schools or into private schools officially approved by the state.18 Supposedly "humanitarian" child labor laws have systematically forcibly prevented children from entering the labor force, thereby privileging their adult competitors. Forcibly prevented from working and earning a living, and forced into schools which they often dislike or are not suited for, children often become "truants," a charge used by the state to corral them into penal institutions in the name of "reform" schools, where children are in effect imprisoned for actions or non-actions that would never be considered "crimes" if committed by adults.
It has, indeed, been estimated that from one-quarter to one-half of "juvenile delinquents" currently incarcerated by the state did not commit acts that would be considered crimes if committed by adults (i.e., aggression against person and property).19 The "crimes" of these children were in exercising their freedom in ways disliked by the minions of the state: truancy "incorrigibility," running away. Between the sexes, it is particularly girl children who are jailed in this way for "immoral" rather than truly criminal actions. The percentage of girls jailed for immorality ("waywardness," sexual relations) rather than for genuine crimes ranges from 50 to over 80 percent.20
Since the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in the 1967 case of In re Gault, juvenile defendants, at least in theory, have been accorded the elementary procedural rights of adults (the right to notice of specific charges, the right to counsel, the right to cross-examine witnesses), but these have only been granted in cases where they have actually been accused of being criminals. As Beatrice Levidow writes, the Gault and similar decisions:
do not apply to any adjudicatory hearings except those in which the offense charged to the juvenile would be violation of the criminal laws if committed by an adult. Therefore, the safeguards of Kent, Gault, and Winship do not protect the due process rights of juveniles who are dependent, neglected, in need of supervision, truant, run away, or accused of other offenses of which only juveniles can be guilty such as smoking, drinking, staying out late, etc.21
As a result, juveniles are habitually deprived of such elemental procedural rights accorded to adult defendants as the right to bail, the right to a transcript, the right to appeal, the right to a jury trial, the burden of proof to be on the prosecution, and the inadmissability of hearsay evidence. As Roscoe Pound has written, "the powers of the Star Chamber were a trifle in comparison with those of our juvenile courts." Once in a while, a dissenting judge has levelled a trenchant critique of this system. Thus, Judge Michael Musmanno stated in a 1954 Pennsylvania case:
Certain constitutional and legal guarantees, such as immunity against self-incrimination, prohibition of hearsay interdiction of ex parte and secret reports, all so jealously upheld in decisions from Alabama to Wyoming, are to be jettisoned in Pennsylvania when the person at the bar of justice is a tender-aged boy or girl.22
Furthermore, the state juvenile codes are studded with vague language that permits almost unlimited trial and incarceration for various forms of "immorality," "habitual truancy," "habitual disobedience," "incorrigibility," "ungovernability," "moral depravity," "in danger of becoming morally depraved," "immoral conduct," and even associating with persons of "immoral character."23
Moreover, the tyranny of indeterminate sentencing (see our chapter above on punishment) has been wielded against juveniles, with juveniles often receiving a longer sentence than an adult would have suffered for the same offense. Indeed the rule in contemporary juvenile justice has been to impose a sentence that may leave a juvenile in jail until he reaches the age of majority. Furthermore, in some states in recent years, this evil has been compounded by separating juvenile offenders into two categories — genuine criminals who are called "delinquents," and other, "immoral" children who are called "persons in need of supervision" or PINS. After which, the PINS "offenders" receive longer sentences than the actual juvenile criminals! Thus, in a recent study, Paul Lerman writes:
The range of institutional stay was two to twenty-eight months for delinquents and four to forty-eight months for PINS boys; the median was nine months for delinquents and thirteen months for PINS; and the average length of stay was 10.7 months for delinquents and 16.3 months for PINS….
The results of length of stay do not include the detention period; the stage of correctional processing prior to placement in an institution. Analyses of recent detention figures for all five boroughs of New York City revealed the following patterns: (1) PINS boys and girls are more likely to be detained than delinquents (54 to 31 percent); and (2) once PINS youth are detained they are twice as likely to be detained for more than 30 days than are regular delinquents (50 to 25 percent).24
Again, it is mainly female juveniles that are punished for "immoral" offenses. A recent study of Hawaii, for example, found that girls charged merely with running away normally spend two weeks in pretrial detention, whereas boys charged with actual crimes are held for only a few days; and that nearly 70 percent of the imprisoned girls in a state training school were incarcerated for immorality offenses, whereas the same was true of only 13 percent for the imprisoned boys.25
The current judicial view, which regards the child as having virtually no rights, was trenchantly analyzed by Supreme Court Justice Abe Fortas in his decision in the Gault case:
The idea of crime and punishment was to be abandoned. The child was to be "treated" and "rehabilitated and the procedures, from apprehension through institutionalization, were to be "clinical" rather than punitive.
These results were to be achieved, without coming to conceptual and constitutional grief, by insisting that the proceedings were not adversary, but that the State was proceeding as parens patriae (the State as parent). The Latin phrase proved to be a great help to those who sought to rationalize the exclusion of juveniles from the constitutional scheme; but its meaning is murky and its historical credentials are of dubious relevance.
…The right of the State, as parens patriae, to deny the child procedural rights available to his elders was elaborated by the assertion that a child, unlike an adult, has a right "not to liberty but to custody." …If his parents default in effectively performing their custodial functions — that is if the child is "delinquent" — the state may interfere. In doing so, it does not deprive the child of any rights, because he has none. It merely provides the "custody" to which the child is entitled. On this basis, proceedings involving juveniles were described as "civil" not "criminal" and therefore not subject to the requirements which restrict the State when it seeks to deprive a person of his liberty.26
It may be added that calling an action "civil" or "custody" does not make incarceration any more pleasant or any less incarceration for the victim of the "treatment" or the "rehabilitation." Criminologist Frederick Howlett has trenchantly criticized the juvenile court system, and placed it in a wider libertarian context. He writes of
the denial of certain basic rights of individuals — the right to associate with those of their choice and to engage voluntarily in acts that harm no one but themselves. The drunk who clogs our courts should have the right to get drunk; the …prostitute and her client should not have to answer to the law for an act that is their personal decision. The misbehaving child likewise has a fundamental right to be a child, and if he has committed no act that would be considered criminal were he an adult, why seek recourse through the courts …? Before rushing to treat or "help" a person outside the justice system, should not the community first consider the alternative of doing nothing? Should it not recognize the child's right, as a person, to nontreatment and noninterference by an outside authority?27
A particularly eloquent judicial defense of the rights of children occurred in an 1870 Illinois decision, years earlier than the modern assertion of state despotism in the juvenile court system, beginning with the turn of the century Progressive period. In his decision in People ex rel. O'Connell v. Turner, Justice Thornton declared:
The principle of the absorption of the child in, and its complete subjection to the despotism of, the State, is wholly inadmissible in the modern civilized world….
These laws provide for the "safe keeping" of the child; they direct his "commitment," and only a "ticket of leave," of the uncontrolled discretion of a board of guardians, will permit the imprisoned boy to breathe the pure air of heaven outside his prison walls, and to feel the instincts of manhood by contact with the busy world…. The confinement may be from one to fifteen years, according to the age of the child. Executive clemency cannot open the prison doors, for no offense has been committed. The writ of habeas corpus, a writ for the security of liberty can afford no relief, for the sovereign power of the State, as parens patriae, has determined the imprisonment beyond recall. Such a restraint upon natural liberty is tyranny and oppression. If, without crime, without the conviction of any offense, the children of the State are thus to be confined for the "good of society" then society had better be reduced to its original elements, and free government acknowledged a failure….
The disability of minors does not make slaves or criminals of them…. Can we hold children responsible for crime; liable for their torts; impose onerous burdens upon them, and yet deprive them of their liberty, without charge or conviction of crime? [The Illinois Bill of Rights, following upon the Virginia Declaration of Rights and the Declaration of Independence, declares that] "all men are, by nature, free and independent, and have certain inherent and inalienable rights — among these life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." This language is not restrictive; it is broad and comprehensive, and declares a grand truth, that "all men," all people, everywhere, have the inherent and inalienable right to liberty. Shall we say to the children of the State, you shall not enjoy this right — a right independent of all human laws and regulations…. Even criminals cannot be convicted and imprisoned without due process of law.28
- 1. John Locke, in his Two Treatises on Government, p. 322, put it this way:
Children I confess are not born in this full state of equality (of right to their natural freedom), though they are born to it. Their parents have a sort of rule and jurisdiction over them when they come into the world, and for some time after, but 'tis but a temporary one. The bonds of this subjection are like the swaddling clothes they are wrapt up in, and supported by, in the weakness of their infancy. Age and reason as they grow up, loosen them till at length they drop quite off, and leave a man at his own free disposal.
- 2. On the distinction between passive and active euthanasia, see Philippa R. Foot, Virtues and Vices (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978), pp. 50ff.
- 3. Cf. the view of the individualist anarchist theorist Benjamin R. Tucker: "Under equal freedom, as it [the child] develops individuality and independence, it is entitled to immunity from assault or invasion, and that is all. If the parent neglects to support it, he does not thereby oblige anyone else to support it." Benjamin R. Tucker, Instead of a Book (New York: B.R. Tucker, 1893), p. 144.
- 4. The original program of the Euthanasia Society of America included the right of parents to allow monstrous babies to die. It has also been a common and growing practice for midwives and obstetricians to allow monstrous babies to die at birth by simply not taking positive acts to keep them alive. See John A. Robertson, "Involuntary Euthanasia of Defective Newborns: A Legal Analysis," Stanford Law Review (January 1975): 214–15.
- 5. The argument of this and succeeding paragraphs relies heavily on Williamson M. Evers, "Political Theory and the Legal Rights of Children," (unpublished manuscript), pp. 13–17. Also see Evers, "The Law of Omissions and Neglect of Children," Journal of Libertarian Studies 2 (Winter 1978): 1–10 (PDF).
- 6. Evers, "Political Theory," p. 17.
- 7. Ibid., p. 16.
- 8. Ibid., pp. 16–17.
- 9. Ibid., pp. 15–16.
- 10. It is now possible to make "independent placements" from one parent to another, but they can only be done with the approval of a judge, and such placements are officially discouraged. Thus, in Petitions of Goldman, the Supreme Court of Massachusetts refused to permit a Jewish couple to adopt twins born to Catholic parents, even though the natural parents were fully agreeable to the adoption. The ground of the refusal was that state regulations forbade cross-religious adoptions. See Lawrence List, "A Child and a Wall: A Study of 'Religious Protection' Laws," Buffalo Law Review (1963–64): 29; cited in Evers, "Political Theory," pp. 17–18.
- 11. Some years ago, the New York City authorities proudly announced that they had broken up an "illegal baby ring." Babies were being imported for a price from Greece by enterprising merchants, and then sold to eager parents in New York. No one seemed to realize that everyone involved in this supposedly barbaric transaction benefited: the poverty-stricken Greek parents gained money, as well as the satisfaction of knowing that their babies would be brought up in far more affluent homes; the new parents gained their heart's desire of having babies; and the babies were transferred to a far happier environment. And the merchants earned their profits as middlemen. Everyone gained; who lost?
- 12. On the current state of juvenile law in relation to the libertarian model, I am indebted to Evers, "Political Theory," passim.
- 13. Immunity was originally granted parents in the 1891 decision of a Mississippi court in Hewlett v. Ragsdale. Recently, however, courts have been allowing children their full rights to sue for injuries. See Lawrence S. Allen, "Parent and Child-Tort Liability of Parent to Unemancipated Child," Case Western Reserve Law Review (November 1967): 139; Dennis L. Bekemeyer, "A Child's Rights Against His Parent: Evolution of the Parental Immunity Doctrine," University of Illinois Law Forum (Winter 1967): 806–7; and Kenneth D. McCloskey, "Parental Liability to a Minor Child for Injuries Caused by Excessive Punishment," Hastings Law Journal (February 1960): 335–40.
- 14. Thus, see the report for Cook County in Patrick T. Murphy, Our Kindly Parent — the State (New York: Viking Press, 1974), pp. 153–54.
- 15. Compare the dictum of Sanford Katz, a prominent "child abuse" specialist: "child neglect connotes a parent's conduct, usually thought of in terms of passive behavior, that results in a failure to provide for the child's needs as defined by the preferred values of the community." Sanford Katz, When Parents Fail (Boston: Beacon Press, 1971), p. 22. On parental quarrelling, and on In re Watson, see Michael F. Sullivan, "Child Neglect: The Environmental Aspects," Ohio State Law Journal (1968): 89–90,152–53.
- 16. See Sullivan, "Child Neglect," p. 90.
- 17. Quoted in Richard S. Levine, "Caveat Parens: A Demystification of the Child Protection System," University of Pittsburgh Law Review (Fall 1973): 32. Even more bizarre and totalitarian in its implications is the often proposed concept of a child's "right to be wanted." Apart from the impossibility of using violence to enforce an emotion on someone else, such a criterion would arm outside parties, in practice the State, with the power to determine when "wanting" exists and to seize children from parents who don't meet that scarcely definable criterion. Thus, Hillary Rodham, of the Children's Defense Fund, has challenged this criterion: "How should a 'right to be wanted' be defined and enforced? …The necessarily broad and vague enforcement guidelines could recreate the hazard of current laws, again requiring the State to make broad discretionary judgments about the quality of a child's life." Hillary Rodham, "Children Under the Law," Harvard Educational Review (1973): 496.
- 18. On compulsory education in the United States, see William F. Rickenbacker, ed., The Twelve-Year Sentence (LaSalle, Ill.: Open Court, 1974).
- 19. See William H. Sheridan, "Juveniles Who Commit Noncriminal Acts: Why Treat in a Correctional System?" Federal Probation (March 1967): 27. Also see Murphy, Our Kindly Parent, p. 104.
- 20. In addition to Sheridan, "Juveniles Who Commit Noncriminal Acts," p. 27, see Paul Lerman, "Child Convicts," Transaction (July–August 1971): 35; Meda Chesney-Lind, "Juvenile Delinquency: The Sexualization of Female Crime," Psychology Today (July 1974): 45; Colonel F. Betz, "Minor's Rights to Consent to an Abortion," Santa Clara Lawyer (Spring 1971): 469–78; Ellen M. McNamara, "The Minor's Right to Abortion and the Requirement of Parental Consent," Virginia Law Review (February 1974): 30532; and Sol Rubin, "Children as Victims of Institutionalization," Child Welfare (January 1972): 9.
- 21. Beatrice Levidow, "Overdue Process for Juveniles: For the Retroactive Restoration of Constitutional Rights," Howard Law Journal (1972): 413.
- 22. Quoted in J. Douglas Irmen, "Children's Liberation — Reforming Juvenile Justice," University of Kansas Law Review (1972–73): 181–83. Also see Mark J. Green, "The Law of the Young," in B. Wasserstein and M. Green, eds., With Justice for Some (Boston: Beacon Press, 1970), p. 33; Sanford J. Fox, Cases and Material on Modern Juvenile Justice (St. Paul, Minn.: West, 1972), p. 68.
- 23. See the dissent of Justice Cadena in the 1969 Texas case of E.S.G. v. State, in Fox, Cases and Material on Modern Juvenile Justice, pp. 296–98. Also see Lawrence J. Wolk, "Juvenile Court Statutes — Are They Void for Vagueness?" New YorkUniversityReview of Law and Social Change (Winter 1974): 53; Irmen, "Children's Liberation," pp. 181–83; and Lawrence R. Sidman, "The Massachusetts Stubborn Child Law: Law and Order in the Home," Family Law Quarterly (Spring 1972): 40–45.
- 24. Lerman, "Child Convicts," p. 38. Also see Nora Klapmuts, "Children's Rights: The Legal Rights of Minors in Conflict with Law or Social Custom," Crime and Delinquency Literature (September 1972): 471.
- 25. Meda Chesney-Lind, "Juvenile Delinquency," p. 46.
- 26. Fox, Cases and Material on Modern Juvenile Justice, p. 14.
- 27. Frederick W. Howlett, "Is the YSB All it's Cracked Up to Be?" Crime and Delinquency (October 1973): 489–91. In his excellent book, The Child Savers, Anthony Platt points out that the origin of the juvenile court — reform school system in the Progressive period at the turn of the twentieth century, was specifically designed to impose a despotic "reform" on the "immorality" of the nation's children on a massive scale. Thus, Platt in The Child Savers (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1970), pp. 99–100, writes that the "child savers"
were most active and successful in extending governmental control over a whole range of youthful activity that had been previously ignored or dealt with informally…. The child savers were prohibitionists in a general sense who believed that social progress depended on efficient law enforcement, strict supervision of children's leisure and recreation, and the regulation of illicit pleasures. Their efforts were directed at rescuing children from institutions and situations (theaters, dance halls, saloons, etc.) which threatened their "dependency." The child saving movement also raised the issue of child protection in order to challenge a variety of "deviant" institutions: thus, children could only be protected from sex and alcohol by destroying the brothels and saloons.
Also see ibid., pp. 54, 67–68, 140. For earlier expressions of "child-saving," parens patriae, and the incarceration of juveniles for truancy, see J. Lawrence Schultz, "The Cycle of Juvenile Court History," Crime and Delinquency (October 1973): 468; and Katz, When Parents Fail, p. 188.
- 28. 55 111. 280 (1870), reprinted in Robert H. Bremner, ed., Children and Youth in America (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1970–74), vol. 2, pp. 485–87. Naturally, the "child saving" reformers chafed at the results of the O'Connell decision, which the prominent Illinois social and child reformer Frederick Wines called "positively injurious. It proceeds from a morbid sensitivity on the subject of personal liberty." See Platt, The Child Savers, p. 106. | <urn:uuid:a9ff5b8e-a312-427c-8c6a-32292984a6c3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://mises.org/library/children-and-rights | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00195-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960894 | 8,093 | 3.078125 | 3 |
To say "I'm sorry," come out and say the words, take responsibility for your actions, rectify the problem and make amends. Move a relationships forward by apologizing for harmful actions with advice from a relationship coach in this free video on dating and marriage.
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Hi, I'm Donna Barnes. I'm a life and dating coach, the owner of NY Dating Coach, here in New York City. In this clip, we'll talk about ways to say, "I'm sorry." And really, the best way is to come flat out and say, "I'm sorry," and take responsibility for whatever it is that you did because, I think, a big problem in relationships is that people don't do that. They find an excuse for why they did it or they want to blame somebody else for why something happened or they want to blame the partner, which is not effective, and it's going to put the other person on the defense. It's really disarming and very endearing when you can just take responsibility and say, "Wow, I'm sorry. I didn't mean that. I won't do it again," or "You know, I'm sorry if that hurt you." And it's really effective in helping to move a relationship forward. Now, if you have a hard time doing that, then if there was something you did that caused damage, try to rectify that. Try to make amends and go back and make it better. And, you know, with that, it says, "I'm sorry." But I really recommend you actually saying the words. Don't assume that they know that you're sorry. You have to say it. This is Donna Barnes from New York City. | <urn:uuid:754ab545-f46d-4978-8802-6c49f75974ae> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ehow.com/video_4755382_ways-say-im-sorry.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00130-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.988335 | 355 | 1.710938 | 2 |
What Happens Now?
June 24, 2016 by Steve Beckow
European Union and British Union Flag flying in front of Big Ben and the Houses of Parliament Credit: Alamy
What happens now that the UK has voted Brexit – and what is Article 50?
More than three years after David Cameron unveiled his strategy to reform Europe and put it to a referendum, Britain has voted to leave and the Prime Minister has resigned.
It is the greatest disaster to befall the bloc in its 59-year history. The road ahead is unclear. No state has left the European Union before, and the rules for exit – contained in Article 50 of the Treaty of Lisbon – are brief.
Mr Cameron resigned as Prime Minister shortly after 8am, announcing that he thinks Britain should have a new Prime Minister in place by the start of the Conservative conference in October. He will leave the task of triggering Article 50 to his successor.
The EU’s leadership has demanded Britain activate Article 50 exit talks “as soon as possible” as they attempt to end the uncertainty over the bloc, “however painful that process may be”.
President Tusk, President Schulz and Prime Minister Rutte met this morning in Brussels upon the invitation of European Commission President Juncker.
“Any delay would unnecessarily prolong uncertainty. We have rules to deal with this in an orderly way. Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union sets out the procedure to be followed if a Member State decides to leave the European Union,” the official statement said. “We stand ready to launch negotiations swiftly with the United Kingdom regarding the terms and conditions of its withdrawal from the European Union.”
Mario Draghi, the president of the European Central Bank, has said it is ready to intervene to steady the markets. Central bankers from Japan to Switzerland have also offered to step in to provide additional liquidity – a measure not seen since the financial crisis.
On Saturday, the foreign ministers of the founding six member states – France, Germany, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Italy and Belgium – will meet to discuss the implications of the British vote.
David Cameron will next see his counterparts at a European Council summit on Tuesday and Wednesday next week.
The deal, struck after months of negotiation last summer, has evaporated under a ‘self-destruct’ clause.
He will be under intense pressure to activate Article 50 and commence exit negotiations. Leaders do not want to be drawn into months and years of haggling over Britain’s status: “Out is out,” Jean-Claude Juncker said on Wednesday.
By contrast, the official Out campaign has said there is no need to trigger Article 50 until informal negotiations have taken place – potentially lasting years.
Also on the agenda is a discussion of the migration crisis, including tentative proposals for “compacts” to speedily deport migrants back to Africa and the current deployment of naval craft off Libya to intercept smugglers. Britain has a major role in this – a British warship is deployed in the EU’s naval operation and a second has been promised – but the crisis takes a back seat.
Article 50 – and a new deal
Triggering Article 50, formally notifying the intension to withdraw, starts a two-year clock running. After that, the Treaties that govern membership no longer apply to Britain. The terms of exit will be negotiated between Britain’s 27 counterparts, and each will have a veto over the conditions.
It will also be subject to ratification in national parliaments, meaning, for example, that Belgian MPs could stymie the entire process.
Two vast negotiating teams will be created, far larger than those seen in the British renegotiation. The EU side is likely to be headed by one of the current Commissioners.
Untying Britain from the old membership is the easy bit. Harder would be agreeing a new trading relationship, establishing what tariffs and other barriers to entry are permitted, and agreeing on obligations such as free movement. Such a process, EU leaders claim, could take another five years.
Business leaders want the easiest terms possible, to prevent economic harm. But political leaders say the conditions will be brutal to discourage other states from following suit.
The Department for Brexit
One option will be to simply recreate EU laws as British statute. But Civil Service insiders expect a new Brexit government to opt for something much more radical, and to use the opportunity of “throwing off the shackles” to re-regulate Britain.
It means that the Government would have to do three acts simultaneous: negotiate a new deal with Brussels, win a series of major bilateral trade deals around the world, and revise its own governance as EU law recedes.
Running the show would be an effective “Ministry for Brexit”, under a senior minister.
Officials expect the scrapping of EU law could result in an avalanche of new legislation in every corner of Whitehall – perhaps 25 Bills in every Queen’s Speech for a decade.
Hundreds of Treasury lawyers and experts would have to be hired for areas – such as health and safety, financial services and employment – where Britain had lost competence to Brussels. Meanwhile, a Trade Ministry will be required, with hundreds of new negotiators, to establish new deals around the world.
The focus in Brussels now turns to holding the project together.
Proposals for closer defence integration, prepared by Federica Mogherini, the EU’s High Representative for Foreign Affairs, were due to be sent to national governments today. That is likely to be put on hold. But building up the EU’s defence co-operation is regarded by France and Germany as an obvious way of rebooting the project.
Jean-Claude Juncker has called for tighter integration in the event of a Brexit, and has laid out plans for integration of the Eurozone, including a treasury, in order to prevent a recurrence of the Greek crisis. Hitherto, member states have not been ready for that conversation – but the crisis of Brexit is likely to push it up the agenda.
At the same time, leaders fear that Brexit could trigger a domino effect as the bloc without Britain becomes less attractive to liberal, rich northern states such as Denmark and the Netherlands, where demands are growing for copy-cat plebiscites.
The Dutch elections are held in March next year, the French in April and May and Germany in the Autumn. If an independent Britain proves to be a success, the bloc could quickly unravel.
On March 25, 2017, European leaders will mark the sixtieth anniversary of the signing of the Treaty of Rome, the EU’s founding document. It will be a fraught celebration. | <urn:uuid:01458811-a962-4e6e-b734-bd5db6a86a33> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://operationdisclosure.blogspot.com/2016/06/the-brexit-has-been-voted-what-happens.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988717783.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183837-00076-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959559 | 1,380 | 2.375 | 2 |
What is the best way to create a drawing on your computer?
- Open your drawing software and select the “New” option from the “File” drop-down menu. Set the size of your image according to your preferences. Starting with a typical sheet of computer paper, you might want to consider keeping the image to a minimum. When you’re through with your blank document, click OK. To get started, select a tool from the drop-down menu. When drawing, a basic pencil tool is the most effective.
- 1 What program can I use to draw on my computer?
- 2 Can you draw using a computer?
- 3 What’s the best free drawing app for PC?
- 4 Is procreate available on PC?
- 5 How can I draw on my computer for free?
- 6 How can I draw on my computer without a tablet?
- 7 Is sketch app free?
- 8 Does Windows 10 have a drawing program?
- 9 How do I install Procreate on my laptop?
- 10 Is Procreate only for iPad?
- 11 Is Procreate better than SketchBook Pro?
What program can I use to draw on my computer?
Best Drawing Programs for the PC and Mac: 20 of the Best (Free and Paid)
- Photoshop is a program developed by Adobe. As a starting point, we’ll go through the de facto drawing tool that most designers are familiar with and use on a daily basis: Affinity Designer (formerly AutoDesk Sketchbook), Corel Painter 2021 (formerly Adobe Illustrator), Krita (formerly Inkscape), and myPaint (formerly Adobe Illustrator).
Can you draw using a computer?
If your laptop meets the necessary system requirements, you may also use it to digitally sketch illustrations. Sketching on a Windows device is certainly possible, despite the fact that many people advocate Mac laptops for the purpose of drawing. You are able to select the operating system of your choosing.
What’s the best free drawing app for PC?
Top 12 Best Free Drawing Softwares (2019 Edition)
- Clip Studio Paint is a painting program developed by Clip Studio. Paint.NET is an excellent tool for rendering and inking. GIMP is an updated version of the regular Windows Paint program for drawing. The following are examples of high-quality open source drawing software with free plug-ins: Corel Painter.
Is procreate available on PC?
Is Procreate available for free on a computer? No. To begin with, Procreate is not accessible on either the Mac or the Windows operating systems.
How can I draw on my computer for free?
Drawing software that is completely free in 2019
- SketchBook. The sketching program SketchBook was created to assist designers, engineers, visual artists, and students in designing and creating whatever comes to mind. Krita. Krita is a digital painting application that is absolutely free to use. Other similar applications include Mischief, MyPaint, Clip Studio Paint, and Painter.
How can I draw on my computer without a tablet?
For those who don’t have access to a tablet, Adobe Illustrator may be used to create drawings on a computer screen. It’s the closest thing you’ll get to sketching until you learn to draw properly, and the possibilities are unlimited. Every professional or semi-professional graphic artist in the world uses illustrator to create their work.
Is sketch app free?
Several years have passed since Sketch was chosen as the program of choice not just by our team but also by many other user interface designers. New users will find it much easier to get started with both applications because they both provide fully functional free versions.
Does Windows 10 have a drawing program?
Microsoft Paint (classic version) should already be installed on your Windows computer. Paint may be found in the search box on the taskbar, near to the Start button. Type paint into the search box and then pick Paint from the list of results. For those who have the most recent version of Windows 10 and are interested in trying something new, launch Paint 3D, which includes new 2D and 3D capabilities. It’s completely free and ready to use.
How do I install Procreate on my laptop?
Option 1: Use an emulator such as Bluestacks or Nox Player. Step 2: Launch the application and login in using your Google credentials. Step 3: Locate the search box and enter “Procreate” into it. Step 4: Select it and wait for the app to be downloaded and installed. Step 5: Launch Procreate from your desktop and begin working on your first painting project!
Is Procreate only for iPad?
While Procreate is not currently available on Android, these outstanding sketching and painting applications may be used as good substitutes for it. Procreate, on the other hand, is only accessible for the iPhone and iPad, so Android users are out of luck with this app.
Is Procreate better than SketchBook Pro?
When comparing the two, Procreate is the superior choice since it provides you with appropriate tools for sketching, drawing, painting, and creating images. | <urn:uuid:473e1893-37bb-41a8-b6f8-452866c99912> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://shareitforpcis.com/faq/how-to-draw-on-pc-solved.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572021.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814083156-20220814113156-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.908352 | 1,104 | 2.40625 | 2 |
Even though the nephew has an appointment already to the developmental pediatrician, the sister is keep on reading and researching about autism. She is so worried of her son’s condition. The nephew is three years old already and still cant speak straight and can only utter few words. While waiting for the nephew’s schedule, we are trying to communicate with the nephew hoping that he will respond and we can see development each day. It is not easy to get the nephew’s attention because he prefers to play alone. He doesn’t want to be disturb and that bothers my sister ( his mother) a lot.
I told the sister to not lose hope. We still have time and we can double our effort so the nephew will no longer go to the developmental pediatrician. Just today, the sister learned that more time watching television is not good. In fact it will worsen the nephew’s condition. The sister decided to no more television for the mean time for her youngest sake. She also explained to her first born why. Luckily her first born understand and just said that if he wants to watch television, he can go at our house anytime since we are just neighbor. Hopefully this will help and hopefully we can see development. | <urn:uuid:a053b5d1-6271-40e0-b272-1e01448478af> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.domainangel.net/2016/02/17/no-more-television/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719468.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00530-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.984773 | 252 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Power of attorney in Bulverde, Texas is a legal setup in which one person (the principal) grants another (the attorney-in-fact) the authority to make legally binding decisions on his or her behalf. This is done for a number of reasons, both personal and business-related, but it is commonly done to authorize the attorney-in-fact to make critical decisions for the principal in the event that the principal becomes incapacitated or disabled, and thereby unable to make his or her own decisions.
If you are giving someone power of attorney, it's up to you to decide clearly what kind of decisions they will be able to make, and when they'll be able to make them. In any case, however, it's very important that you completely trust the person to whom you're granting this authority, since any power of attorney, even if it's very limited in scope, can be abused. Obviously, whatever type and amount of power you wish to give will depend on your intentions, as well as many external factors.
If you have a strong preference with respect to end-of-life care, but worry that you might be unable to express your wishes when the time comes, you may want to give a family member the legal authority to make such choices for you, if necessary. Of course, the power you grant them should be precisely limited to medical decisions, if that's all you want them to be able to decide. It should further clearly state that this power will not really vest until and unless you actually become incapacitated. For reasons that should be obvious, you should only give this power to a person you trust.
Typically, you can find forms in Bulverde, Texas that let you quickly draft a power of attorney document. However, if a massive amount of money is at stake, or you wish to grant very particular and limited powers, you should probably consult with a lawyer beforehand.
Types of Power of Attorney Arrangements in Bulverde, Texas
In Bulverde, Texas, power of attorney can take three main forms. They are as follows:
1. Limited power of attorney - this lets the attorney-in-fact exercise limited authority in a single transaction. It is useful, for instance, if someone is buying property in another state, and the deal is nearly fulfilled, but a few documents need to be signed. The buyer could give a resident of that state power of attorney, permitting him or her to complete the transaction on the buyer's behalf. Conveniently, the power automatically terminates when the transaction is complete.
2. Durable power of attorney - this lets an attorney-in-fact make decisions in a certain, defined area of the principal's affairs. Durable power of attorney doesn't automatically disappear, and can last indefinitely, or until the principal revokes it. This can be very useful, because it authorizes the attorney-in-fact to make essential decisions for the principal, but allows the principal to revoke the power if they regain the capacity to make their own decisions.
3. Springing power of attorney - under this arrangement, the attorney-in-fact does not get power of attorney until the happening of some mentioned event. The specified event is normally the incapacity or disability of the principal, though it can be virtually any event you wish. You should be aware, however, that it is not always clear when the principal has become sufficiently "disabled" for the power of attorney to take effect. This question sometimes has to be decided by a court, which can be costly and time-consuming.
Can a Bulverde, Texas Lawyer Help?
Because setting up a power of attorney agreement is not always simple in Bulverde, Texas, it's never imprudent to at least talk with a lawyer beforehand. As with any legal agreement, there are things that can go wrong, which laypersons may not foresee. | <urn:uuid:5b1aa8dd-f994-4f39-91e4-85fd9f748318> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wills-trusts-attorneys.legalmatch.com/TX/Bulverde/power-of-attorney.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00071.warc.gz | en | 0.967641 | 799 | 1.5 | 2 |
APS and the American Institute of Physics (AIP) announced in early September the formation of a new policy fellowship that will send recipients to work at the Department of Education for up to two years. The purpose of the fellowship is to place a PhD scientist within the department to advise on STEM education issues and policy. Organizers hope that the "STEM Education Policy Fellowship" will help the federal government better promote science, technology, engineering and math education in classrooms.
"The Department of Education has historically not done very much in STEM education," said Theodore Hodapp, APS's Director of Education and Diversity, adding that there is only one person devoted full time to STEM issues.
APS has been trying to establish a fellow at the Department of Education for some time. It has helped support the AAAS Congressional fellowships since 1973, but has had a harder time placing someone at the Department of Education.
"It started with our placing a science student as an intern last summer," said Tyler Glembo, Government Relations Specialist at APS. "Now we also have a fall intern. Due to the success of that… [it] has now given us the opportunity to take that up to the next level."
The focus changed last year when the administration announced the formation of the STEM Master Teacher Corps. As the program ramps up, the Department of Education intends to subsidize as many as 10,000 STEM teachers in four years.
"Because of this STEM Teacher Corps, there is interest from the Department of Education in having a science policy fellow," Hodapp said. "This is a unique opportunity to come in at the ground floor when the Department of Education is just starting to think about STEM issues."
The deadline for the 2014 fellowship has passed and the first fellow should be announced later this Fall. For more information visit the STEM Education Policy Fellowship page.
©1995 - 2017, AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY
APS encourages the redistribution of the materials included in this newspaper provided that attribution to the source is noted and the materials are not truncated or changed.
Staff Science Writer: Michael Lucibella | <urn:uuid:34099b3e-5627-4342-9dc3-d65dc58e9758> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.aps.org/publications/apsnews/201311/educationpolicy.cfm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00072-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970124 | 428 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Presentasi berjudul: "SMART GRID Group 26: Trang Trieu Grace Truong Nicki Tran Lisa Trinh."— Transcript presentasi:
SMART GRID Group 26: Trang Trieu Grace Truong Nicki Tran Lisa Trinh
WHAT IS SMART GRID? An intelligent electricity- delivery system: energy suppliers and consumers: interconnect through a network Smart meters: are installed at homes and business monitor energy consumption transmit that information back to energy providers Energy providers : track energy consumption automatically throttle down energy consumption on a granular level when demand gets too high.
WHO ARE USING SMART GRID? Individual consumers Corporate participation Government regulators
HOW SMART GRID IS USED? Foster communication between the energy company and the end consumer Electricity is sent from: Allows energy companies to track areas of high use, identify possible outages, and provide the proper service. Energy company Distribution center destination
ADVANTAGES OF SMART GRID Reduces the cost of blackouts $$$ Helps measure and reduce energy consumption and costs Helps businesses reduce their carbon footprint Opens up new opportunities for tech companies meaning more jobs created!!!
DISADVANTAGES OF SMART GRID Biggest concern: security and privacy Smart Grid: use automated meters, two-way communications: between a power consumer and provider and advanced sensors Some types of meters can be hacked Hacker: gain control of thousands, even millions, of meters increase or decrease the demand for power
DISADVANTAGES (cont.) Not simply a single component Various technology components: software, the power generators, system integrators, etc. Expensive for consumer: $60 per month
WHAT WILL HAPPEN? Fastest growing business in the Green-Tech market Was included in Obama’s stimulus bill U.S. Congress “act without delay” Very few companies invest and utilize: Austin Energy (Texas) and Pacific Gas & Electric (California)
SMART GRID FUTURE In the near future, will not be any vast development Risky because of financial demands and regulations In the long-run, attitudes will change, wide spread usage of the smart grid from every business to every home just like the Internet | <urn:uuid:2e59bd02-57aa-46e3-9c5b-5b7c3cb0d707> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://slideplayer.info/slide/11619121/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283008.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00079-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.833847 | 455 | 2.734375 | 3 |
This module will give you a broad understanding of pharmaceutical manufacturing technologies, the rules that govern manufacturing and the guidelines on how these rules are applied along with the risk management tools to be used when making decisions that could impact the safety of the medicines being manufactured.
This module will give you the written communications skills to properly write reports and reference and cite source material in a manner that is consistent with the professional norms of this industry.
This program explains the engineering documentation used to specify and design equipment or systems in a manufacturing facility – and how to develop an IQ OQ PQ validation test protocols to ensure that it operates as intended and meets the regulatory requirements.
This module will provide a foundation in the general chemistry necessary to understand the fundamental concepts involved in the chemistry of API (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients) required for the manufacture of medicinal products.
Please note: This module is run as a group module (3 times a year) and you will be required to keep pace with the class during the running of this module. This is the only module that you won’t be able to control the pace of your study on.
Week 26 – Chemistry and Matter; Atomic Theory
Week 27 – The Periodic Table and Bonding
Week 28 – Stoichiometry
Week 29 – Acids and Bases Recrystallisation
Week 30 – Introduction to Organic Chemistry
Week 31 – Overview of Safety in Chemical Laboratories
Week 32 – Virtual Practical 1 – Separation of a 3 component mixture
Week 33 – Virtual Practical 2 – Synthesis of Aspirin
Week 34 – Virtual Practical 3 – Preparation for Volumetric Analysis
Week 35 – Virtual Practical 4 – Analysis of Baking Soda
Week 36 – Revision Week
Week 37 – Online Exam
This module walks you through the process of figuring out exactly where you want to end up in your pharma career, and the steps you need to get there.
University Accredited by Technological University Dublin (TU Dublin)
This Certificate in BioPharmaChem is university accredited by Technological University Dublin (TU Dublin), Ireland subject to the submission of all assessments and end of module assignments.
- Level 7
- Program Credits (ECTS): 15
- Awarding Body: TU Dublin
This Certificate in BioPharmaChem is available worldwide. | <urn:uuid:30e6180a-20a1-4dbe-8049-522136f2243e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.getreskilled.com/ebiopharmachem-dt698/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.859954 | 481 | 2 | 2 |
What can the food movement learn from behavioural insights?
- What are behavioural insights and how can we use them to improve access to good food?
- Beyond nudges to shift individual consumption patterns, how can behavioural insights be employed to influence policy or businesses?
In this webinar we explored the questions above to see how people and programmes working to improve food systems are using behavioural insights in practice.
Jessie Barker from the Behavioural Insights Team introduced the concept of behavioural insights and how they can be applied individually, in policy or business. We then heard from Amber Wheeler (Food Foundation) on how this has been applied to increase consumption of vegetables in the UK through the Peas Please programme, as well as Ruth Westcott (Sustain) on influencing catering companies to commit to serving only certified sustainable fish through Sustainable Fish Cities.
This webinar was organised as part of the Food Learning Forum, a peer-learning network made up of programme managers of Lottery-funded projects related to food. Funded by the National Lottery, the Forum aims to draw together expertise from both within the organisations and from external facilitators as appropriate and share this with the wider network. It is coordinated by Sustain: the alliance for better food and farming and has been running since October 2019.
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Published 13 Feb 2020
Food Learning Forum: The Food Learning Forum is a peer-learning network of food focused organisations that connects and develops the food and farming sector through learning, development and peer discussion.
Support our charity
Donate to enhance the health and welfare of people, animals and the planet. | <urn:uuid:ba096f97-9dfb-4cfd-b8b9-9c29a8b5bfc8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sustainweb.org/events/feb20-beyond-nudges/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.950627 | 336 | 2.34375 | 2 |
Книгу можно купить в интернет-магазинах:
· OZON.ru 4055р. [Проверить наличие]
ISBN: 1597491721Издательство: Syngress
Год издания: 2007
Increase Your Companys Odds of Surviving a Major Disaster Powerful Earthquake Triggers Tsunami in Pacific. Hurricane Katrina Makes Landfall in the Gulf Coast. Avalanche Buries Highway in Denver. Tornado Touches Down in Georgia These headlines not only have caught the attention of people around the world, they have had a significant effect on IT professionals as well. As technology continues to become more integral to corporate operations at every level of the organization, the job of IT has expanded to become almost all-encompassing. These days, its difficult to find corners of a company that technology does not touch. As a result, the need to plan for potential disruptions to technology services has increased exponentially. Business Continuity Planning (BCP) and Disaster Recovery Planning (DRP) are emerging as the next big thing in corporate IT circles. With distributed networks, increasing demands for confidentiality, integrity and availability of data,... | <urn:uuid:6409d7d8-9069-41a3-818d-c321a2da0c0a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.libring.ru/books/115230 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00340-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.872036 | 304 | 1.820313 | 2 |
Q1) On Unix/Linux/MacOSX why can I not record or stream the flash versions of programmes?
get_iplayer needs flvstreamer installed to be able to do this:
1) Download flvstreamer for your OS from here
2) Rename the file: mv flvstreamer-whatever $HOME/flvstreamer
3) make it executable: chmod 755 $HOME/flvstreamer
4) Tell get_iplayer where to find it by saving it in the prefs: get_iplayer –prefs-add –flvstreamer $HOME/flvstreamer
Q2) Why do all my recorded files have the .flv extention?
For get_iplayer to automatically convert these flash video files you need to have ffmpeg installed. If you do have ffmpeg installed but not in the path then try telling get_iplayer where it is by using the option –ffmpeg=/path/to/ffmpeg. Some older versions of ffmpeg fail to convert flv to mp4 or avi properly and will just leave the flv file intact.
Q3) In Windows Vista I cannot see the downloaded files in the get_iplayer Download Folder.
On the top toolbar of the get_iplayer Download file window there is an option that says ‘compatibility files’ click that and you should then see them.
Q4) In iphone mode, why does the programme not record or stream when the programme is clearly available on the iPlayer web page?
The BBC separately encodes the iPhone versions of the programmes. Sometimes they just take longer than the flash versions to become available. In some cases a few programmes don’t quite make it.
Q5) Can I record or stream BBC iPlayer content from outside of the UK.
For TV mostly not; the BBC simply check that you have a UK based IP address before allowing you to get access to the download credentials. However, some of the iPlayer radio, live radio and podcast content is available outside of the UK. The iPlayer radio is typically streamed at lower quality than in the UK.
Q6) Does rtmpdump still work with newer get_iplayer versions?
This tool is never formally tested with get_iplayer there can be no guarantees that it will work at all. You really should use flvstreamer instead for recording or streaming BBC iPlayer content. There were legal threats to Sourceforge with the hosting of rtmpdump in the past (it was taken offline by Sourceforge in May 2009) because adobe complained that it ‘can be used to download copyrighted works’.
Q7) Why is it 1980 again? What are all these DOS commands?
Don’t fret – Margaret Thatcher is not back in power and you haven’t really experienced a tardis-like time warp. get_iplayer is a ‘command-line’ application. It doesn’t yet have an officially supported graphical user interface although a few developers are independently working on them. Command line applications can be very simple to use. Read the documentation page for simple examples.
Q8) Do I need a UK TV license to record or stream iPlayer TV or Radio?
No. You only need a UK TV license to receive, record or stream live or near-live TV (includes channels from any country by whatever means!)
Q9) Why on win32 do I get recv error ‘10060’ or ‘ERROR: ReadPacket, failed to read RTMP packet header’ when trying to stream flash modes?
Try downloading and running the latest get_iplayer Windows Installer (v2.61) and run it again to reinstall flvstreamer. This problem was caused by an incorrect socket timeout bug in flvstreamer prior to versions 2.1a.
Q10) Why do I get this: ERROR: Invalid option in C:\Documents and Settings\All Users/get_iplayer/options: ‘itvnothread = 1’
If you installed the get_iplayer automated installer v2.0+ before August 5th 2009 then you will have seen this error. To fix it please edit the C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\get_iplayer\options file using wordpad and remove the line ‘itvnothread 1’ then save. Alternatively, just run the installer again.
Q11) What modes should I use to get the highest quality recording or streaming?
The following modes will give you the highest quality BBC iPlayer TV (starting with the highest): –modes flashhd,flashvhigh,flashhigh,iphone,flashlow,flashstd,flashnormal,n95_wifi,n95_3g. To see details of these modes and their bitrates see this page on beebhack. For iPlayer Radio these modes are the highest quality (starting with the highest): –modes flashaac,iphone,flashaudio,realaudio,wma. Estimates of the resulting file sizes can be seen by using the –info option instead of –get.
Q12) Why are the ITV, Hulu, Channel4, Five plug-ins not working?
These plug-ins are no longer supported. Please don’t request support for them.
Q13) How do I report a bug or issue with get_iplayer or Web PVR Manager?
It is best to describe the problem as a comment on the web page for the tool. If the trace is very long I suggest emailing to iplayer2 (at sign) linuxcentre.net. Please always include the program versions, the platform you are using and the command you are running. If is often helpful to add the –verbose option when sending any text output.
Q14) With Windows7 and Vista why do I get “Exception: STATUS_ACCESS_VIOLATION”?
Q15) With Windows 7 and Vista why can I not record programmes and get an FLVstreamer error saying “Failed to open file! C:/Program Files/get_iplayer/Downloads/….” ?
Vista and Windows 7 appear to not allow applications to save data into system folders (which is a good thing). To work around this you should tell get_iplayer to use a different recording location e.g.:
‘get_iplayer –add-prefs –output=C:\Users\[myusername]\Desktop\Recordings\’. Then create the new folder that you have selected. Better still just run the latest installer as this is all done automatically.
Q16) I get an error saying “ERROR: Duplicate Option Defined ‘itvnothread’ -> ‘mmsnothread’ and ‘itvnothread'”, how do I fix this ?
This is because you have a very old version of the obsolete ITV plugin on your system. Simply delete the plugin file and it will be corrected. The ITV plugin is usually found in ‘~/.get_iplayer/plugins/itv.plugin’ or ‘C:\Documents and Settings\[myusername]\.get_iplayer\plugins\itv.plugin’.
Q17) Why can I only see the last few hundred lines in the get_iplayer window under Windows?
You need to set the size of the command buffer as follows on the get_iplayer window: (1) Right-click in the top left corner of the title bar and choose Properties. (2) Select the Layout tab, (3) Set the width and height in the Screen Buffer Size section to something nice and big.
Q18) On Windows, why do my recordings often fail part of the way though?
It could be that your anti-virus / anti-malware / anti-spyware / personal firewall / file-sharing blocker is getting in the way of the RTMP connection. Try disabling this software (at your own risk) to see if it makes any difference. I have had reports specifically that ‘AVG link scanner’ causes this problem.
Q19) Why does get_iplayer keep retrying the recordings every minute?
This is because the BBC have started to roll-out ‘SWF verification’ feature on their content delivery networks. This feature is not (and never will be) supported by flvstreamer (the tool that get_iplayer uses to record flash streams). flvstreamer disconnects after the flash server disconnects the client after a timeout which is currently set to around 1 minute. After this get_iplayer, as usual, tries to resume the programme recording. This shouldn’t cause any problems except for the obvious increased resume attempts which can add a second or two overhead per attempt..
Q20) Why does iPlayer TV streaming fail after a minute?
See Q19. This is currently broken. There may be improved support for streaming of non-live programmes in the future. Unfortunately for the time being you will have to record it before watching it. | <urn:uuid:7322ff27-6df3-4fd2-9f2d-d0cb0d93b2e7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://linuxcentre.net/getiplayer/faq | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00508-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.883059 | 1,932 | 1.804688 | 2 |
Apps are typically built in RapidPro and/or powered by RapidPro features, such as:
- Flows and Campaigns to register users, send polls, report indicators and start group chat
- A Channel to support two-way communication over SMS, voice, and/or social media
- Contacts and Groups to manage and organize users
- Triggers to initiate an action based on a keyword, a point in time, a missed call, a message not handled by another trigger or flow, or a social media action
- Messages and Tickets to make it easy to pass a contact's communications off to live human agent via email or other helpdesk service integration
These RapidPro features are applied to an app to send and receive data, such as user registrations, polls, monitoring, etc. The data is also sent to a dashboard where they can be aggregated and displayed for the public or for partners.
Apps can be shared across multiple RapidPro accounts and can be adapted to meet your needs in any context, in any sector.
An example of an app powered by RapidPro is U-Report.
U-Report uses SMS channels and/or Facebook, creates groups of contacts through standard registration flows, communicates with contacts over weekly polls, and typically is triggered by a keyword.
Data from U-Report are sent to a dashboard where U-Reporters can view results and engage with content beyond weekly polls and results. Unsolicited messages are sent to a separate dashboard where partners can open cases and track management of those cases.
Another example is ParentText, which is a new free text message delivery system with the aim to increase the accessibility and engagement of open-source COVID-19 parenting resources.
The ParentText chatbot is programmed in RapidPro with its own dedicated account and channels (WhatsApp, Telegram, Facebook Messenger). Messages can be customized based on the user’s gender, age, and location.
Through the APIs, RapidPro can be linked to a number of dashboards.
Dashboards are tools that extend and streamline the capabilities of RapidPro for specific purposes, such as monitoring, analytics and visualization. These products provide advanced users with data management, granular access controls, and additional features that add value to certain approaches that RapidPro supports.
In the example of U-Report, to date, 22,051,858 U-Reporters have engaged with the platform, which address community development, youth empowerment and youth education campaigns. | <urn:uuid:143f9c9f-f6a8-4427-806d-9d0ad6451e2f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://community.rapidpro.io/apps-dashboards-1/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.904596 | 515 | 1.570313 | 2 |
The Sustainable Development Goals Report is prepared by the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs in collaboration with the UN Statistical System, using data and estimates in the Global SDG Indicators Database.
This year’s report “paints a particularly bleak picture” of the 2030 Agenda and “how it is being seriously jeopardized” by multiple intersecting crises, wiping out years of progress on the SDGs and pushing millions into hunger and poverty.
The UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) issued its annual Sustainable Development Goals Report, warning that “cascading and interlinked crises,” dominated by COVID-19, climate change, and conflicts, have reversed years of progress in eradicating poverty and hunger, improving health and education, and providing basic services, putting the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development “in grave danger.”
The Sustainable Development Goals Report is the only official UN report that monitors global progress on the 2030 Agenda. It is prepared by the DESA in collaboration with the UN Statistical System, using data and estimates in the Global SDG Indicators Database, which contains global, regional, and country data and metadata on the official SDG indicators. The database uses information from custodians for each SDG indicator, and specifies whether the national data were adjusted, estimated, modeled, or are the result of global monitoring.
According to Yongyi Min, Chief, SDG Monitoring Section, Statistics Division, DESA, and the publication’s lead author, this year’s report “paints a particularly bleak picture” of the 2030 Agenda and “how it is being seriously jeopardized” by multiple intersecting crises, wiping out years of progress on the SDGs and pushing millions into hunger and poverty.
Some of the report’s findings include:
- SDG 1: Between 657 and 676 million people are currently projected to live in extreme poverty in 2022, compared to the pre-pandemic projection of 581 million;
- SDG 2: About one in ten people are suffering from hunger worldwide, with 161 million additional people having slid into chronic hunger in 2020 alone;
- SDG 3: The COVID-19 pandemic is threatening decades of progress in global health, decreasing global life expectancy and basic immunization coverage and increasing prevalence of anxiety and depression and deaths from tuberculosis and malaria;
- SDG 4: 147 million children have missed over half of in-person instruction in 2020-2021, and 24 million learners may never return to school;
- SDG 5: Women accounted for 39% of total employment in 2019 but 45% of global employment losses in 2020, with many increasingly burdened with unpaid care work, and domestic violence intensifying;
- SDG 6: Meeting drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene targets by 2030 requires a fourfold increase in the pace of progress;
- SDG 7: Progress on electrification has slowed, with 679 million projected to have no electricity access in 2030, based on current trends;
- SDG 8: One in ten children are engaged in child labor worldwide – a total of 160 million in 2020;
- SDG 9: Global manufacturing has rebounded from the pandemic but least developed countries (LDCs) are left behind;
- SDG 10: The pandemic has caused the first rise in between-country income inequality in a generation;
- SDG 11: Leaving no one behind will require an intensified focus on 1 billion slum dwellers;
- SDG 12: 13.3% of the world’s food is lost after harvesting and before reaching retail markets, and 17% of total food is wasted at the consumer level;
- SDG 13: Energy-related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions increased 6% in 2021 reaching their highest level ever;
- SDG 14: In 2021, more than 17 million metric tons of plastic entered the ocean – a number projected to double or triple by 2040;
- SDG 15: Ten million hectares of forest are destroyed every year, with almost 90% of global deforestation due to agricultural expansion;
- SDG 16: While global homicide rate declined 5.2% between 2015-2020, a quarter of the global population lives in conflict-affected countries; and
- SDG 17: Net official direct assistance (ODA) reached a new high of USD 177.6 billion, largely due to COVID-19-related aid, but ODA for SDG data declined by more than 18% (2020).
In a forward to the report, UN Secretary-General António Guterres calls for “an urgent rescue effort for the SDGs” by creating a global economy that works for all and ensuring greater investment in data infrastructure. Echoing this message, Under-Secretary-General for Economic and Social Affairs Liu Zhenmin outlines a three-step “road map for survival”: ending armed conflicts and embarking on a path of diplomacy and peace; adopting low-carbon, resilient, and inclusive development pathways; and comprehensively transforming the international financial and debt architecture.
The report was released on 7 July 2022, during the first week of the 2022 High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development (HLPF). [Publication: The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2022] [Key Messages] [Statistical Annex 2022] [Publication Landing Page] [DESA Press Release] [UN News Story] [Interview with Yongyi Min, DESA] [SDG Knowledge Hub Story on Sustainable Development Goals Report 2021] | <urn:uuid:94cb23f0-edbf-43a6-8926-f9abfe7c5d97> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sdg.iisd.org/news/sdgs-report-2022-delivers-reality-check-on-reversal-of-progress/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.910867 | 1,146 | 3.5 | 4 |
The aim of the project was to create an information base for a tourism-conservation program for the city which is predicated on archaeology, history and culture. The program will present the richness and diversity of Ramla to public.
The city of Ramla was established by Suleiman Ibn ‘Abd al-Malik (705-715 CE) as the capital of Jund Filistin (the army or military district of Palestine). This is the only “civilian” city that was built by the Muslims in the Land of Israel and Syria. During the tenth and eleventh centuries CE Ramla was laid waste by Bedouin attacks and frequent earthquakes, and most of its citizens moved to Jerusalem. In 1099 CE the Crusaders conquered the city on their way to Jerusalem and they occupied it until it was re-conquered by the Mamluk sultan, Beybers, in the year 1266 CE. The city was ruled by the British Mandatory government from 1917 and it came under Israeli control in 1948 after it was conquered during Operation Danny.
In Ramla there is a wide range of construction technologies and styles, such as the water storage technology of the Umayyad period (The Pool of the Arches), the Crusader building technology (The White Mosque) and the Ottoman technology (the historic city).
The physical problems that stem from the intentional destruction of buildings and the historic fabric are apparent at Ramla’s sites and in its historic complexes; new building additions have been added unchecked to historic buildings; renovations of historic buildings have been implemented utilizing unsuitable materials and technologies; projects initiated by the local authorities such as large infrastructure works have damaged the foundations of buildings; and heavy mechanical equipment has been used in historic areas.
In order to formulate the program and to advance conservation in the city we conducted a preliminary urban survey that is based on previous surveys: a Mandatory survey (part of which is lost) and Petersen’s survey from the 1990’s. The survey included all of the buildings appearing in the previous surveys and other buildings that were deemed relevant to the historical study of the city. In doing so we conducted an analysis of maps and aerial photographs that date from the beginning of the twentieth century until the present. The survey included 27 sites in the Old City, most of them concentrated in Ramla’s Ottoman city compound.
The survey booklet includes a description of the buildings and areas, an analysis of the city’s development and the effect of modern development on its historic fabric, and a division of the Old City into compounds based on building characteristics and land use.
The survey proposes an analysis and division of the Old City sites into topical groups as a basis for a tourism program.
In order to further the preservation of the city’s heritage we have recommended conducting an extensive and detailed survey of the city of Ramla so as to identify and understand its archaeological-historical values, to prepare an overall plan for conservation and development, to physically preserve the historic buildings, to preserve the historic urban fabric and prepare a general maintenance plan for those same sites and historic entities that are of cultural significance.
In order that the preservation of Ramla’s historic city be effective, it is necessary to integrate the conservation and maintenance plans into the town planning and view them as a fundamental part of the urban fabric. We believe it is important that the sites be incorporated into the daily life of the city and that they be used as a means to preserve them and enhance the prestige of Ramla. | <urn:uuid:44745613-5e45-44ee-98b7-da5c2eaf57d1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.iaa-conservation.org.il/Projects_Item_eng.asp?site_id=23&subject_id=6 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573029.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817153027-20220817183027-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.962453 | 724 | 3 | 3 |
current facility condition
Hanjeon substation receives 154KV and supplies the power needed for the train operation and each station through the power transforming device of urban rail substation. The power supply system is classified into substation facility, train line facility, original facility, general electricity facility, sending and receiving line facility. We try to supply power properly using the up-to-date device for each facility and excellent protection device.
This is gas insulated switch gear for 154KV high pressure type to put power devices such as circuit breaker, disconnecting switch, switch, and transformer etc. and bus in the steel container charged with colorless and scentless non-volatile gas(SF6) and it has the following merits.
There are many different kinds of power electric transformer such as 154KV oil immersed transformer, rectifier power source providing 22.9KV molded transformer and high pressure power distribution 22.9 KV dry molded transformer.
This is the device to provide the necessary electricity to move the motor car by converting AC 22.9KV voltage into DC 1500V voltage and to change the power needs high capacity power type semiconductor, Silicon Thyristor. Rectifier facility consists of Thyristor, control panel and AC & DC filter etc.
It is the device to provide DC voltage(1500V) output from the rectifier for train line directly. Line 1 consists of disconnecting switch and line 2 and 3 consist of high speed blocking device.
As it is designed in the way that power control center monitors the general aspects of urban rail power supply system such as machine operation condition and load changing condition etc. by collecting the power device operation information of each station electricity room and the substation which are operated in an unmanned way, even when it doesn't work properly, it guarantees the proper work flow of power supply system emergency recovery through the remote control and performs the power supply work of urban rail properly.
It is the server to control and monitor the general condition of the remote control system such as operating system, real time DB, data transfer and near distance communication and composed of the double system and it also includes the transporting device to control the terminal on the field and data receiving and sending.
As various symbols and lines are used for urban rail power supply system for each station, operators can get a picture of what is happening in power supply at a first glance. Thus, when there is something wrong in the power supply, they can take a prompt measure.
It is MMI-Man Machine Interface to perform condition monitoring and control of power supply facility by an operator. It is realized by workstation level computer related software and it can also perform the DLP control.
It is installed in the station electricity room and the substation. It collects the operating information such as operation condition, voltage and currents etc. of the power device on the field and processes the information and sends it to the power control center. It is also field terminal device to output the machine control orders by the control center.
It is the facility to provide power to elevators, escalators, and functional rooms(ventilation, cooling, drainage, wastewater) etc. and provide electricity to various lightings, and consent etc. It is provided with 6.6KV electricity from the urban rail substation and it transforms it into 380V/220V to provide electricity to the station electricity facility. In additions, ATS(automatic transfer switch) is installed to secure the constant electricity supply to the important load from dual system circuit. As the emergency lighting is installed in the station and it is provided with electricity from non-blackout power source, therefore, they can provide the stable electricity regardless of blackout.
The train rail line is installed at the constant height on the orbit to provide the motor car with power for operation. When it comes to line conduction of the train rail line, the ground of the main line takes Heavy Simple Catenary, the basement Compound Catenary and base depot Simple Catenary.
The Catenary method of the ground section installs a messenger wire and supports the train rail line at the regular interval of hanger or dropper, and Compound Catenary method of the basement section supports with V-Dropper between feeder messenger wire and auxiliary messenger wire and fixes the train rail line between auxiliary messenger wire and the train rail line with Compositeear.
Line 4 motor car rail line is the third orbit lateral side guide type AL/SUS complex steel line. It is the facility to provide power to light rail transit car by being supplied DC 750V from the substation. | <urn:uuid:3a9f635b-9083-43ca-a619-b17e66c615a5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.humetro.busan.kr/homepage/english/page/subLocation.do?menu_no=1006030301 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00126-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.934754 | 934 | 1.742188 | 2 |
CECS 474 Computer Network Interoperability CHAPTER 9 Transmission Modes Tracy Bradley Maples, Ph.D. Computer Engineering & Computer Science Cal ifornia State University, Long Beach Notes for Douglas E. Comer, Computer Networks and Internets (5th Edition) A Taxonomy of Transmission Modes Defn: A transmission mode is the manner in which data is sent over the underlying medium Transmission modes can be divided into two fundamental categories: Serial — one bit is sent at a time Parallel — multiple bits are sent at the same time Parallel Transmission Parallel transmission allows transfers of multiple data bits at the same time over separate media. • It is used with a wired medium • The signals on all wires are synchronized so that a bit travels across each of the wires at precisely the same time The figure omits two important details: 1. a parallel interface usually contains other wires that allow the sender and receiver to coordinate 2. to make installation and troubleshooting easy, the wires are placed in a single physical cable A parallel mode of transmission has two chief advantages: (1) High speed--it can send N bits at the same time. (2) It can match the speed of the underlying hardware. Serial Transmission Serial transmission sends one bit at a time. Most communication systems use serial mode, because: • serial networks can be extended over long distances at less cost • using only one physical wire means that there is never a timing problem caused by one wire being slightly longer than another Sender and receiver must contain a hardware that converts data from the parallel form used in the device to the serial form used on the wire Transmission Order: Bits and Bytes In serial mode, when sending bits, which bit should be sent across the medium first? Consider an integer: Should a sender transmit • the Most Significant Bit (MSB) first? • the Least Significant Bit (LSB) first? Terminology: • little-endian describes a system that sends the LSB first. • big-endian describes a system that sends the MSB first . Either form can be used, but the sender and receiver must agree. Transmission Order: Bits and Bytes (cont’d) Additionally, the order the bytes are sent must be determined. • Data in a computer is divided into bytes, and each byte is further divided into bits (typically 8 bits per byte) Thus, it is possible to choose a byte order and a bit order independently For example, Ethernet specifies that data is sent byte big-endian and bit little-endian Timing of Serial Transmission Serial transmission mechanisms can be divided into three broad categories (depending on how transmissions are spaced in time): • Asynchronous transmission can occur at any time • Synchronous transmission occurs continuously • Isochronous transmission occurs at regular intervals Asynchronous Transmission Asynchronous transmission allows the physical medium to be idle for an arbitrary amount of time between two transmissions. It is well-suited to applications that generate data at random time intervals. For example: • a user typing on a keyboard • a user that clicks on a hyperlink Asynchronous disadvantage: While the medium is idle, a receiver cannot know how long the medium will remain idle before more data arrives. Asynchronous technologies usually require the sender to transmit a few extra bits before each data item: • to inform the receiver that a data transfer is starting • extra bits (preamble or start bits) allow the receiver to synchronize with the incoming signal Example: RS-232 Asynchronous Character Transmission Before USB, RS-232-C is the most widely accepted way to transfer characters across copper wires between a computer and a device such as a modem, keyboard, or terminal. RS-232 defines serial, asynchronous communication. RS-232 specifies the physical connection as well as the electrical details: • Specified by the EIA • Voltage is +15 or –15 volts • Cable limited to ~50 feet • Latest EIA standard is RS-422 (ITU standard is V.24) • It specifies the transfer of characters (usually 7-bit) Example use: connection to a keyboard or mouse via the serial port on a PC Example: RS-232 Asynchronous Character Transmission (cont’d) For RS-232 to work asynchronously: • Sender and receiver must agree on • Number of bits per character • Duration of each bit • Receiver • Does not know when a character will arrive • May wait forever • To ensure meaningful exchange send: • Start bit before each character • One or more stop bits after each character Figure 5.2 Voltage on a wire as a character is transmitted using RS-232. Start bit • Same as 0 • Not part of data Stop bit • Same as 1 • Follows data Baud Rate, Framing and Errors The duration of a bit in RS-232 is determined by the baud rate. Defn: The baud rate of transmission hardware is the number of changes in the signal per second that the hardware generates. Example: Typical baud rates: 9.6 Kbaud, 14.4 Kbaud and 28.8 Kbaud For RS-232 (it is a very simple scheme), the baud rate is exactly equal to the number of bits per second. Example: 28.8 Kbaud = 28.8 kbits per second The duration of a bit = 1/(baud rate) To make RS-232 more general, manufacturers design each piece of hardware to operate at a variety of baud rates. • Sender and receiver must agree on the baud rate • Receiver samples the signal to verify agreement • Disagreement results in a framing error Isochronous Transmission Isochronous transmission is designed to provide steady bit flow for multimedia applications. Isochronous networks are designed to accept and send data at a fixed rate, R. • This is ideal when delivering such data at a steady rate is essential (jitteris minimized). • Network interface is set to transmit/receive exactly R bits per second Example: An isochronous mechanism designed to transfer voice operates at a rate of 64,000 bps: • A sender must generate digitized audio continuously • A receiver must be able to accept and play the stream at 64,000 bps Simplex, Half-Duplex, and Full-Duplex Transmission A communications channel can be classified as one of three types: 1. Simplex: A simplex mechanism can only transfer data in a single direction. It is analogous to broadcast radio or television 2. Full-Duplex: Full-duplex allows transmission in two directions simultaneously. 3. Half-Duplex: A half-duplex mechanism involves a shared transmission medium. The shared medium can be used for communication in each direction but the communication cannot proceed simultaneously. | <urn:uuid:d71a946d-f449-4a4c-b734-f216e2411083> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://slidegur.com/doc/65616/transmission-modes---california-state-university--long-beach | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281574.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00015-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.88861 | 1,374 | 3.859375 | 4 |
Have you ever wondered how fast a tennis ball travels? Or how far it can travel before losing momentum? In this blog post, we’ll take a look at the speed and distance of a tennis ball and discuss some tactics for improving your game. Stay tuned!
How fast does a tennis ball travel?
A tennis ball travels at high speeds, reaching up to 140 miles per hour (225 kilometers per hour). The average speed of a tennis serve is around 100 miles per hour (160 kilometers per hour). However, professional players can serve at speeds exceeding 125 miles per hour (200 kilometers per hour). return balls at speeds of up to 60 miles per hour (97 kilometers per hour)
When hit with a racket, a tennis ball can travel at speeds up to 160 miles per hour (257 kilometers per hour), but the average speed of a return is much lower, around 50 miles per hour (80 kilometers per hour)
The speed of a tennis ball depends on several factors, including the type of surface it is hitting, the player’s skill level, and the type of racket being used. Harder surfaces, such as concrete, will cause the ball to travel faster than softer surfaces, like grass. Players with more experience and better technique can also hit the ball harder and faster. Rackets made from materials like titanium or graphite are also able to produce faster speeds than those made from wood or other materials
The fastest recorded speed for a tennis ball was 163 miles per hour (262 kilometers per hour) during a men’s singles match at the 2004 Davis Cup. The player who hit the serve, Andy Roddick, is also one of the few players to have served a tennis ball at speeds exceeding 150 miles per hour (241 kilometers per hour) in competition. Besides, you can choose some Aluminum Baseball Bat.
How fast can professional tennis players hit tennis balls?
When it comes to speed, professional tennis players can hit some pretty fast serves. The world record for the fastest tennis serve is 163.7 mph, held by Australian player Sam Groth. However, the average speed for a professional player is around 130 mph
So how do these speeds compare to the average person? The average person can probably generate a tennis serve speed of around 50-60 mph. Of course, there are always people who are outliers and can generate much higher speeds. But on average, professional tennis players are able to hit the ball around 2-3 times faster than the average person
There are a few factors that contribute to these high speeds. Firstly, professional players have years of practice perfecting their serve. They know exactly how to place their body and use the right muscles to generate maximum power. Secondly, they also use specialized equipment. Tennis rackets have evolved over the years to be much lighter and more aerodynamic, which helps players swing them faster. And finally, professional players also take advantage of the added momentum that comes from running towards the ball before serving
So next time you’re watching a tennis match, take a moment to appreciate just how fast those players are able to hit the ball! Make sure you also check our guide for Mizuno Blades.
How Does Your Brain Respond to a Tennis Ball Moving over 100 MPH?
When a tennis player whacks a ball at 100 miles per hour, it’s not just the player’s arm that feels the force. The brain also gets jostled around inside the skull.
In fact, researchers have found that when people are hit in the head with a ball moving at high speeds, their brains can actually bounce around inside their skulls. This type of brain injury is called “coup-contrecoup” and can be extremely dangerous.
Interestingly, the human brain is designed to protect itself from this type of injury. The fluid-filled spaces between the brain and the skull act as a cushion, absorbing some of the impact.
Additionally, the brain has a built-in “shock absorber” called the corpus callosum. This thick bundle of nerves connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain and helps to distribute the force of an impact evenly.
Despite these safety mechanisms, a tennis ball moving at 100 miles per hour can still cause serious damage to the brain. Coup-contrecoup injuries often result in concussions, which can lead to long-term problems such as memory loss, balance issues, and even dementia.
So if you’re ever hit in the head with a tennis ball (or any other object), it’s important to see a doctor right away. Even if you don’t feel like you’ve suffered any serious injuries, a CT scan or MRI can help to rule out any potential problems.
Frequently Asked Questions & Answers
1. How fast does a tennis ball travel?
A tennis ball travels at speeds of up to 250 kilometers per hour. However, the average speed of a tennis ball during a game is around 50 kilometers per hour.
2. How does the speed of a tennis ball affect the game?
The speed of a tennis ball can have a big impact on the game. A faster ball will bounce higher and be harder to control, while a slower ball will be easier to control but won’t bounce as high.
3. How do I increase the speed of my serve?
There are several ways to increase the speed of your serve. One way is to practice your technique and learn how to generate more power. You can also try using a heavier ball, which will make it travel faster.
4. How can I improve my accuracy when serving?
Accuracy is important when serving because it allows you to control where the ball goes. One way to improve your accuracy is by practicing your technique. You can also try using a lighter ball, which will be easier to control.
5. How does the spin of a tennis ball affect the game?
The spin of a tennis ball can have a big impact on the game. A spinning ball will change direction after bouncing, making it harder to predict where it will go. It can also affect the bounce of the ball, making it higher or lower than usual.
6. How do I make my shots more powerful?
There are several ways to make your shots more powerful. One way is to practice your technique and learn how to generate more power. You can also try using a heavier ball, which will travel faster and be harder to control.
7. How can I improve my accuracy when hitting the ball?
Accuracy is important when hitting the ball because it allows you to control where it goes. One way to improve your accuracy is by practicing your technique. You can also try using a lighter ball, which will be easier to control.
8. How does the surface of the court affect the game?
The surface of the court can have a big impact on the game. A harder surface will cause the ball to bounce higher, while a softer surface will cause it to bounce lower.
9. How does the weather affect the game?
The weather can have a big impact on the game. Hot weather will make the court surface softer, causing the ball to bounce lower. Cold weather will make the court surface harder, causing the ball to bounce higher.
10. How can I improve my skills?
There are several ways to improve your skills. One way is to practice often. You can also try attending tennis clinics or lessons from a professional coach.
How fast does a tennis ball travel? We’ve all heard that it moves quickly, but what’s the actual speed? In this post, we take a look at some of the research on tennis ball speeds and try to answer that question. Spoiler alert: It varies depending on who you ask! Keep reading to learn more about how fast a tennis ball travels and see some of the different numbers that have been reported. Do you have any guesses as to what the average speed might be? Let us know in the comments. | <urn:uuid:ed774388-19b5-4381-b881-d4945c7905f4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sportingrigs.com/how-fast-does-a-tennis-ball-travel/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.94934 | 1,645 | 3.109375 | 3 |
In last week's lesson, you learned about expanding your vocabulary. Good writing depends on more than just having a large vocabulary, however. You have to learn to use the vocabulary correctly in the right contexts. Choosing the right vocabulary is also known as choosing your diction.
If you know the word dictionary, then you have seen the word diction. In fact, diction is simply the words you choose to express your meaning. However, choosing the right words isn't always so simple.
The words you choose can be formal, informal, or colloquial/slang. Using slang when you should be writing formally is a big mistake. Similarly, if you are overly formal in a situation that calls for informality, you risk insulting your reader as well.
|I am angry.||I'm mad.|| I'm pissed off.
|my father||my dad||my old man|
|What you are proposing does not seem feasible.||I don't think your plan sounds all that possible.||That plan's crap. (slightly vulgar)|
|It was a pleasure meeting you.||See you around.||Later, dude.| | <urn:uuid:dbfd28d3-78e3-4d71-8c58-c0296a97a5f2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://english4success.ru/theory/diction/correctdiction | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00049-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.93478 | 236 | 3.921875 | 4 |
I find that in many circles uncomfortable truths are not addressed at all. We prefer to suppress our own urges and wishes, instead choosing to smile politely and concede to whatever other people want. Privately, however, we actually get quite annoyed. We either find ourselves doing something that we are, in fact, reluctant to do, or get angry at the others (who then don’t even understand why we're upset).
To be precise, by an 'uncomfortable truth' I mean a fact or a private desire which isn’t craved by whoever else is involved. By not sharing the same desires, this can lead to an uncomfortable truth.
These uncomfortable truths which remain unsaid use up a lot of energy. Depending on who is being addressed, whether it be one circle of friends or another, family or distant relatives, there are many different topics and situations which contain uncomfortable truths.
Is it the case that everyone, like me, puts on a brave face when confronted by uncomfortable truths and goes along with whatever the others desire? I hope this isn’t the case, because it would otherwise mean that many interpersonal relationships are based on dishonest facts.
However, I fear that this really is the case, as I constantly find it difficult to come to terms with my uncomfortable truths. This was particularly true during my school days, and I don’t like reminiscing about this time when bullying was omnipresent.
When uncomfortable truths become an issue, friendships can suffer
Nowadays, I find myself admired by many friends for having a certain trait. I tend to say what I think — even when it’s uncomfortable – both for me and the others. At the same time, I try to draw a line when I feel that someone else may be offended by my reaction. Sometimes, though, it’s difficult to know where to draw the line as people react differently.
I'll give you an example of a recent incident involving an uncomfortable truth. It concerned a student from a study group who had spent the last two weeks alongside me in my community. She learned from my husband about my Spanish course and suggested that she wanted to come along. I found out about this from him during lunch and could already sense whilst he was telling me about it that I wasn’t OK with it.
“Is it the case that everyone, like me, puts on a brave face when confronted by uncomfortable truths and goes along with whatever the others desire?”
There really wasn’t any actual reason for this. The course is free and accessible to everyone, and can be visited spontaneously. For me, however, it just didn’t feel right. It’s “my” course; I had only been there a few times and I still felt new. To go there with someone who would only come once didn’t sit easy with me. The teacher always gives her all for every pupil and it felt as if her trust would be betrayed if someone only came once.
Therefore, I thought about this and then wrote to the student explaining that I wouldn’t find it right to take her with me due to the reasons given above. It was an uncomfortable truth and I was scared that she would read my message and think, “Oh, God, what’s her problem,” etc.
However, she actually wrote back saying that it wasn’t a problem at all, and indeed it wasn’t. Despite my initial concerns, we continued to get on well with each other, I went to the course on my own, and it felt just perfect.
The second example to share is somewhat more difficult. It also concerns the desire of a person, which, on the surface, doesn’t seem to warrant any ill feeling. Recently my family and I had visitors and they wanted to stay a few days longer than planned. In his enthusiasm, my husband said straight away that it wasn’t a problem as we weren’t expecting any more guests until the next day.
However, it was a problem for me! As I was sitting there in front of them all, I could hardly say that it was an issue and that I wanted them to leave on the day we’d agreed upon. In a situation like this, there are so many factors coming into play. Sometimes writing a list helps to organize our own thoughts and allows us to discover what our own desires really are. In this example of an uncomfortable truth, the following factors played a role:
My husband had already agreed to it
To cancel now would make it feel as if I were prioritizing my desire over his – although I’m certain that my husband didn’t really think too much about this when agreeing to it. On the contrary, he answered as people do out of politeness: “Sure, no problem. Stay as long as you like!” Perhaps he didn’t even consider what he really wanted? Perhaps he was scared to release his own uncomfortable truth.
Visits are stressful
Even though they’re uncomplicated guests, they’re still here. You have to interact; the kid is perhaps more hyperactive than usual; you have to cook – and clean – twice as much; if they try to help, you have to chat with them. You have to organize the keys... it’s just so different compared to your usual routine when you’re on your own.
Visitors want to experience something too
There’s so much going on right now in our day-to-day lives that I don’t need any more on my plate. I’m perfectly happy with my morning routine of sitting together with my kid being creative, or baking, cooking and gardening before going to work in the afternoon. I don’t have the strength or urge for going out on excursions.
So, how do others react when they are on the receiving end of an uncomfortable truth? Saying “Don’t you worry” or “How dare you”? Can friendships handle the truth? Is a visit a burden or a relief? These are questions which can help us find out which friends are good for us. Indeed, writing a list helps to organize our own thoughts and to address our own urges.
After reading my own list, it suddenly became clear to me: the visit after the holidays was the real reason why I’d like to stick to my original plan. I needed a few days rest to charge my batteries for visitors. Just a few days with my husband and kid. A few days of not having to explain what the plan is, why our kid is so grumpy all of a sudden, or why we only drink decaffeinated coffee, blah blah blah.
By speaking out about uncomfortable truths, friendships can actually be strengthened
Another reason why this uncomfortable truth was so uncomfortable was that it once more showed me how dull I had become! In my circle of friends I’m known as the one who goes to bed early, who prefers a quiet day indoors, and who doesn’t drink alcohol (I’m still breastfeeding, so I have a decent excuse for that at least!).
In short: I’m known for being boring. If I were to say now that it’s getting too much for me and that I need some peace and quiet, I’d be admitting as much. The others will think: “It’s obvious that she doesn’t want to do any of that. I thought so in the first place.” (Again, this is what I assume what others think of me, though perhaps I could be completely wrong.)
Of course, I also try to think about what my uncomfortable truth would mean for the other person: they may have to change their plans, they may need to book a bus which is more expensive, they may not know where they should travel to next. If I consider all these factors, which I assume are relevant for the others, it gives me a real headache.
“Another reason why this uncomfortable truth was so uncomfortable was that it once more showed me how dull I had become!”
All this sounds like I don’t like visitors. However, this isn’t the case. I love having visitors for two or three days or so but after that it gets too much for me. And yet, this isn’t always true either. Some visits aren’t tiring at all: when I get on really well with my guests, it doesn’t feel like we’re entertaining them, but as if they belong to the family. This however happens very rarely and when it does, it’s like a gift!
Speaking out about uncomfortable truths is not just liberating for yourself but can also lead to stronger and more trustworthy friendships. All these reasons contribute to uncomfortable truths and make it so difficult just to say them. We feel like we need to concede to the other’s desires, we need to be polite, we tell ourselves: “I guess it doesn’t really matter. I’ll get over it.”
Of course we’ll get over it – no question about it. I’d even have the strength to have visitors here the whole time from now to the end of the month, but that isn’t the point: I should be feeling well, and yes, I will choose to prioritize my happiness from now on!
Because if everyone did this then we’d all feel so satisfied that we wouldn’t have to be concerned about the happiness of others so much. Like the proverb says, 'life's what you make it'. On this I insist — I’m going to ensure of my own happiness and always speak out about any uncomfortable truths when needed. I suggest you try to do the same, even if it feels awkward at first. ●
Main image: shutterstock/fizkes
How do you deal with uncomfortable truths? Do you always speak out if something is not feeling quite right or do you just bottle things up? Share your experiences with the community below!
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Sometimes the obstacles we face in life paralyze us, leaving us trapped. Stanislava Puač Jovanović shares eight tips on how to overcome challenges
None of us is perfect. Yet, perfectionism isn’t a rare trait and often overlaps with anxiety, research suggests. Sonia Vadlamani recommends effective
Self-forgiveness is important for our mental health and overall well-being, research suggests. Sonia Vadlamani explains the seven steps you can take | <urn:uuid:88c3ec59-9144-4bb1-8a86-ce68686de7b5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.happiness.com/magazine/personal-growth/uncomfortable-truths-how-to-tell-someone-no/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.978425 | 2,246 | 2.5625 | 3 |
ZAMBOANGA CITY (MindaNews / 22 April) – The City Agriculturist disclosed that the damage to agricultural and fishery products due to the prolonged dry spell had further soared to P140.8 million as of April 8.
As of March 31, damage was estimated at P132.54 million.
City Agriculturist Diosdado Palacat disclosed that so far 10,270 hectares of agricultural lands and fishponds were damaged.
He disclosed that 8,458.3 of the 10,270 hectares (82.4 percent) still have chances of recovery while the rest have none.
Palacat said the crops affected include rice, banana, assorted vegetables, rubber, cassava, corn, and even mango and coconut trees, aside from the fishponds.
He said the destruction was not only caused by the dry spell but also by the increasing number of grass fire incidents in rural areas.
The damage, he said, is widespread, covering the different agricultural districts of Tumaga, Ayala, Culianan, Manicahan, Curuan and Vitali.
He said they are continuously monitoring the water levels of the different irrigation systems in the city.
Earlier, Palacat’s office monitored that nine of the total 25 irrigation dams have dried up, six are in critical condition while 10 are below the normal water level. | <urn:uuid:513120a1-3363-4a7f-933f-144861e101e9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.mindanews.com/top-stories/2015/04/zambo-crop-damage-due-to-dry-spell-soars-to-p140m/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00311-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954462 | 287 | 2.015625 | 2 |
The apostle Peter writes his first letter to Christians who find themselves in a culture hostile to the Christian faith. They were most likely not facing official state-sponsored persecution at this stage, but there are many indications throughout the letter that they faced growing social ostracism. They were accused of doing wrong (2:12), suffered for doing good (2:20), had abuse heaped on them (4:4), and were insulted (4:14). Yet the letter throbs with the positive vision of living fruitfully for Christ in such a context.
Peter summarizes the general strategy in 2:12, “Live such good lives among the pagans that, though they accuse you of doing wrong, they may see your good deeds and glorify God on the day he visits us.” This way of living (unpacked in the sections of the letter that follow) will not only be faithful to God, but fruitful too—it is the kind of behavior God can use to draw people to himself.
It protects us from two common mistakes when faced with a hostile culture:
So in terms of behavior, Christians are to live neither pagan lives among the pagans, nor good lives merely among the Christians, but good lives among the pagans. Such good lives can attract false accusation from some, but can also be a means, in time, of bringing glory to God. Such good deeds may well be what clinches someone’s decision to believe the gospel.
Alongside our good deeds are to be our ready words: “But in your hearts set apart Christ as Lord. Always be prepared to give an answer to everyone who asks you to give the reason for the hope that you have. But do this with gentleness and respect” (3:15).
Peter packs a lot of important truths into this verse. Notice that he expects authentic Christian living to prompt questions from those around us. Notice, too, that it is our hope that will be particularly provocative. Peter opened his letter by telling us about the “living hope” into which we have been given new birth (1:3). This living hope, properly appropriated, will be conspicuous and compelling. Our center of gravity is not in this world. Such a situation begs questions, and those questions will come.
Therefore, we need to “be prepared” at all times. We need to think through how to give an account of the hope that we have and why we have it, ready to answer the questions our culture will most likely throw at us. The time to think through our response is before such questions are asked. By the time they come it is too late to start preparing. We must be ready.
We must also be respectful and gentle. Our culture may be hostile, and the questions it presents us may come loaded with topspin, but our questioner is always someone worthy of respect, however disdainful they may seem about our faith. And however much they might not be, we are to be gentle—not scoring points or making them look silly. We want to win the person, not the argument. | <urn:uuid:a9dcbfcf-3218-4494-b309-179cf8883c25> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.jesus.org/following-jesus/evangelism-and-missions/how-can-i-share-my-faith-in-a-hostile-culture.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281151.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00112-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969087 | 635 | 2.21875 | 2 |
600 Capitol Way North, Olympia, WA 98501-1091
Archived documents do not reflect current WDFW regulations or policy and may contain factual inaccuracies.
July 11, 2002
Contact: Sean Carrell, (360) 902-2926
Public reminded to use current dangerous wildlife hotline number
OLYMPIA – When you want to report a dangerous wildlife or poaching incident who should you call?
The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW), toll-free at 1-800-477-6224.
As usual, the arrival of summer brings an increase in wildlife activity and a corresponding rise in the number of complaints and concerns over potentially dangerous wildlife.
In recent weeks, however, a number of those wildlife-related calls have been mistakenly placed to a number WDFW stopped using early in 2001. The number has since been reassigned by telephone service providers to a Texas man who has no connection with WDFW or wildlife concerns.
The correct WDFW hotline number, which is intended for both dangerous wildlife and poaching violation reports, appears on hunting and fishing licenses and is printed in WDFW hunting and fishing pamphlets.
The hotline is not intended to be used as an information line. General information may be obtained by contacting the main WDFW reception number, (360) 902-2200, or WDFW regional offices. Local regional office numbers are published in WDFW hunting and fishing pamphlets and in telephone directories. | <urn:uuid:8fcf173e-a907-475d-84c9-86a8b8f8a29b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://wdfw.wa.gov/news/jul1102a/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00191-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.910968 | 305 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Imagine that the universe is split into two clear segments; a developed world that is famous for its modernity and democracy, and a developing one that is dominated by poverty and illiteracy. Then imagine a channel that connects these two worlds physically and mentally and through which they influence one another. In which direction would the channel run? Would it flow smoothly downstream like a river that enriches a valley, or would it take the shape of a solid concrete conduit, perhaps concealing underground potential and requiring random digging to uncover possible wealth?
Almost everyone agrees that rule of law is widely applied in most of the developed western world, where even less fortunate citizens enjoy their basic human rights in terms of education, health care, shelter and freedom of expression and where equality among citizens is a well-established fact. Whereas in the developing world, citizens are certainly denied most of their basic needs, economic and infrastructural development is weak, the quality of life of the majority is sub-standard and repressive policies applied by authoritarian rulers and their cronies are the norm.
Western nations are driven by peace and prosperity; they are keen to secure their borders to ensure that their citizens can live in peace, and they have the potential to realize economic growth by exporting their products and technologies to the developing world. Western businesses expand into the developing world aided by their friends and cronies in developing nations (who obviously know how to maximize their western partners’ revenues). This helps the wealthy to become wealthier, keeps the impoverished grounded in their poverty and strengthens the grip of authoritarian rulers through their cronies with links to the West.
The clear majority of citizens in the East are not only trapped in dreadful living conditions with no light in sight at the end of the tunnel; most of them don’t believe that they will ever actually be able to get out of this dark tunnel. This leaves the ambitious segment of the developing world perpetually dreaming of landing in the developed world where they can find better jobs and a decent living – and the mentally disturbed segment of the population believing that the solution to their problems lies in exporting what they know best (terrorism) to developed nations.
Meanwhile, most Eastern citizens strongly believe that the West is largely responsible for their miserable living conditions – an allegation that cannot necessarily be validated, but that is well perceived in the developing Eastern world. Thus, millions of illiterate citizens are left to live in harsh conditions, embracing incorrect beliefs. Moreover, its access to advanced technology and machines will prompt this depressed segment of society to make use of the latest technology to carry out horrific attacks.
“Garbage in, garbage out” is how the universe operates. The inputs we throw into the channel that connects the two worlds yield the outcomes that we are living with today. The wide availability of western technologies and machines in the developing world is sufficient proof that the West knows how to target and reach universal consumers! The fact that, unlike its product exports, the West’s moral values and humanitarian development aspects have not been conveyed to the developing East demonstrates the developed world’s disinterest in this matter. Additionally, the consistent flow of illegal immigrants and the inability to prevent terrorism in the developed world is proof of the West’s failure to safeguard the security of its nations.
The management of the channel connecting the two worlds is in the hands of extremely narrow-minded leaders from both worlds! These leaders are deliberately shaping the channel to serve the interests of a tiny minority at the expense of a powerless, unprotected majority. We are expending the wealth of the developing world, squandering it away on products that we are not in urgent need of.
Working only on realizing economic growth from a region that is known for its poverty, illiteracy and immaturity has not only concluded in the outbreak of more regional wars; it has contributed to the spread of terrorism that is taking place worldwide today. What we really need is a smooth sharing and flow of quality education and moral values. While these come at minimal cost, they will drastically enrich, secure and enhance the prosperity of the entire world. | <urn:uuid:ad2ab47b-8a14-4249-bba4-93037e4ce57a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mohammednosseir.wordpress.com/2017/09/19/what-happens-when-the-pragmatic-west-meets-the-repressive-east/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00069.warc.gz | en | 0.961926 | 824 | 2.34375 | 2 |
Discussion in 'Military History and Militaria' started by DPM, Dec 17, 2006.
The heart of the site is the forum area, including:
Anyone got any recommendations for reading about the Korean War?
Trip wire maybe along soon. Hes the chap you need to talk to re Korea.
The Korean War, by Max Hastings. Read it a couple of years ago. IIRC it was quite thorough, but a bit hard going.
Pan books. ISBN: 0-330-39288-3
Michael Hickey's book is very good:
'In the Devils Shadow"
UN Special Operations during the Korean War
by Col. Mike Haas, USAF,ret.
"This Kind of War"
"The Coldest War; a memoir of Korea"
by James Bradey
"Formidable Enemies; the North Korean and Chinese Soldiers in the Korean War"
by Kevin Mahoney
Green Berets in Korea by Fred Hayhurst:story of 41 independant commando royal marines in Korea
Publisher Vangard Press
Farrar the Para's book "The Edge of the Sword" is the best memoir about Brit troops in ROK. Lofty Large's book though has very interesting vignettes of PW life - his recounting the crude medical treatment and use of "mary-jane" to help him through his wounds is quite fascinating!
Separate names with a comma. | <urn:uuid:d64a2cf5-d982-47f3-b142-286f5ae2d16a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.arrse.co.uk/community/threads/korean-war.47198/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00070-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.916321 | 296 | 1.671875 | 2 |
Workshop with Tjeerd Veenhoven, 1.4.2017 – 25.11.2019
Studio Tjeerd Veenhoven is a Dutch product design studio with a focus on material development. ‘We invent materials, develop new applications, design products and enable sustainable business’.
In an open lecture at the material library, Tjeerd Veenhoven introduced us to his work. Exploring the potential of underestimated, existing resources plays an important role in the studio‘s work: ‘Our aim is to seek opportunities where they are missed’. In this way Tjeerd turned palm leafs into leather and extracted colour pigments from left over tulip heads. The upgrade of natural material is also the main issue of his latest project ‘Algae Fabrics‘. Tjeerd is eager to transform algae into a sustainable fabric, giving algae a place in the textile industry.
‘While many materials […] leave some kind of environmental footprint, algae doesn’t. It doesn’t require freshwater or land to grow.’
Our experimental workshop with the raw material of seaweed starts with an introduction on algae concerning their fields of use: energy generation, fuel production, cosmetic treatment, nutrition supplements and medicine application. The diversity of algae is also reflected in the variety of kinds. For our single-day workshop we deal with three specific kinds of macro algae – Laminaria digitata (oar weed), Fucus Serratus (toothed wrack) or Ascophyllum nodosum (knotted kelp). Divided into three groups, we try to find out as much as possible about ‘our’ algae. To bring the short research phase to a close, we present our results to the other groups. Characteristics like length, growth cycle, occurrence, special qualities and harvesting methods as well as scope of application and examples of use – with all the collected information we continue to work.
How could we utilize those properties? Transferring algae specific characteristics on a scope of our daily life is the following task. We begin the free ideation. Tjeerd joins the groups every now and then to share his thoughts and ideas.
Finally we bring down our ideas to a single concept. Hands-on experiments help us to define the idea and to verify our thesis. In regard to a final presentation, we prepare material examples, illustrate our concept and describe the scenario.
In the end of the day three concepts are presented:
‘Grisu – Fire protection by Algae‘ (Andreas, Luis, Mark)
‘Laminaria umbrella – humidity adaptable fabric’ (Dorothea, Ina, Iro, Yi)
‘Kinetic algae’ (Ida, Melanie, Ulrike)
Special Thanks to Tjeerd Veenhoven for giving us an insight into his work and working with us hands-on!
Studio Tjeerd Veenhoven | <urn:uuid:f65cd78a-4cc6-4785-9492-8bdaba43303b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://campus.burg-halle.de/gast/projects/microbes-ll/experimental-seaweed/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572870.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817062258-20220817092258-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.89028 | 627 | 1.882813 | 2 |
What is Precision Farming? Precision farming is a series of tools that allow farm managers to make decisions based on needs of specific areas. In essence, it is the ‘art’ of tailoring soil and crop management applications to fit varying conditions in the field. “... changing the traditional process of farming by the square mile to farming by the square meter…”
Precision Farming tools can be divided into three categories: • Computerized GIS maps and databases that analyze data from the following: • Crop, soil, and positioning sensors • Machine controls that guide field equipment We will concentrate on how GPS technology affects each of these areas...
GIS…the management center for GPS collected data... • Base map: This is any geographically accurate depiction of the area in question. • Site specific data: Soil analysis, soil compaction, weed density, etc. Each collected with its own specific geographic coordinates (via GPS). • Layers: Individual drawings based on types of data collected, inserted and overlaid based upon a geographic coordinate system. Weed zones Soil Analysis Topography Geo-referenced photos
Mapping the Soil... • Soil sampling: provides the necessary data to accurately determine soil variability. • Method: usually done on a 2.5 acre grid with 4 to 6 samples taken in each grid. • Accuracy: each sample taken is numbered and then geographically referenced using a GPS receiver. Attribute data is stored/referenced geographically. • Result: an accurate base map detailing zones of varying soil types,depths and nutrient levels, allowing farm managers to determine appropriate fertilization applications for each zone.
Controlling Weeds... • Weed locating: using linear sampling techniques, weed patches are found and identified. The borders of the weed patches are surveyed using a GPS receiver • Accuracy: weed data is input into the GIS system based on geographic coordinates determined by GPS. • Result: herbicides are applied as a result of weed zones rather than a blanket application. This is achieved by attaching a GPS receiver to the sprayer and tracking its location over these predetermined zones. When the sprayer enters/exits a weed zone, valves are adjusted by the on-board computer to meet the needs of each zone.
Accurate Planting... • Performance: Each type of seed has a specific depth and spacing, dependant on soil type, that allows it to germinate and grow to its fullest. • Planning: Geo-referenced data is analyzed to determine the appropriate planting ratios. Then a planting layer is made in the GIS system, based on these ratios. • Planting: A GPS receiver is attached to the planter and connected through the on-board computer to the GIS map. As the planter moves into different geographic regions, the GIS system controls the depth of the planter as well as the spacing of the seeds. This approach optimizes the growth and production of each seed.
Creating Yield Maps... • Harvesting: Once the final step in farming, it has become another in a series of cyclical procedures that makeup Precision Farming. • Yield Monitors: are counters that take volume measurements on harvested material. • Location: The location of measured yield is obtained by mounting a GPS receiver to a combine. • Yield Map: Volume measurements combined with their exact geographic locations, and input into a GIS package, produce a Yield Map providing a picture of the results based on earlier decisions. This is a powerful tool for forecasting future needs, which will lead to increased quality and quantity of yield. Typical Yield Map Legend: Low YieldLow/Moderate Yield Moderate/High Yield High Yield
Benefits... • Environmental Control: Applying herbicides/pesticides based on the square meter reduces application amounts. This allows the soil to absorb all or most of the application which reduces runoff. • Reduced Cost: Because treatment application rates are based on small areas, the overall application of chemicals is less (up to 40% in some research studies), which leads to a significant cost savings. • Increased Revenue: Since planting rates and weed control are on the micro level, decisions can be made to increase the quality and quantity of yield at every point across the field. Which, in turn, can significantly increase the level of return on crops. • Data: Probably the single greatest benefit. Having geo-referenced data that represents current and past field conditions, coupled with the results of decisions based on these factors, provide an intelligent and up-to-date data base that can be used to further enhance the farming process.
The Future of Precision Farming... • Current Trends: Precision Farming is still in it’s infancy, a technology driven enterprise. • Government: The Federal Government is requiring more detailed information regarding the amounts and locations of chemical and fertilizer applications (Senate Bill S.1081). • Money: Precision Farming systems can be costly to implement, but as tech costs drop and revenues increase as a direct result of this technology, more and more farms will adopt this practice, thus Precision Farming demands will start dictating the direction of the technology.
References... • Using Differential GPS to improve Crop Yields, GPS World, February 1994. • http://www.trimble.com/home/prec_frm.htm • http://www.precisionfarming.com/features/0497Gibbons.html • http://www.precisionfarming.com/features/0497Clark.html • http://www.precisionfarming.com/features/0199feat_pf.html • http://www.precisionfarming.com/PFFAQ.html • http://pasture.ecn.purdue.edu/%7Emmorgan/PFI/over.htm • http://pasture.ecn.purdue.edu/%7Emmorgan/PFI/ess_1.htm • http://www.deere.com/deerecom/Farmers+and+Ranchers/GreenStar+Precision+Farming+System/default.htm • Matthew Sullivan, Precision Agriculture Specialist, Extension Associate, The Ohio Sate University Extension; Department of Food, Agriculture and Biological Engineering. | <urn:uuid:93f994c2-f151-4891-bebf-02a43796398d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fr.slideserve.com/clove/putting-the-precision-in | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.893248 | 1,280 | 3.46875 | 3 |
- Definition of Quantivalence in the Online Dictionary. Meaning of Quantivalence. Pronunciation of Quantivalence. Translations of Quantivalence. Quantivalence synonyms, Quantivalence antonyms. Information about Quantivalence in the free online. — “Quantivalence - definition of Quantivalence by the Free”,
- Home - Quote Topics - Quotes of the Day - Quote Keywords - Author Y Z. Definition of Quantivalence. Quantivalence. Valence. Related Definitions: Valence. — “Definition of Quantivalence”,
- quantivalence Valence (1) quantivalence. August Wilhelm von Hofmann (German chemist) Post a question - any question - to the WikiAnswers community:. — “quantivalence: Definition from ”,
- quantivalence : Deutsch - Englisch Übersetzungen und Synonyme (BEOLINGUS Online-Dictionary, TU Chemnitz). — “quantivalence : Dictionary / Wörterbuch (BEOLINGUS, TU Chemnitz)”, dict.tu-
- Definition of Quantivalence in English Dictionary, Meaning of Quantivalence, English English, Dictionary, English English Dictionary, . — “Meaning of Quantivalence in English Dictionary, English”,
- Definition of quantivalence in the Medical Dictionary. quantivalence explanation. Information about quantivalence in Free online English dictionary. What is quantivalence? Meaning of quantivalence medical term. What does quantivalence mean?. — “quantivalence - definition of quantivalence in the Medical”, medical-
- Quantity definition, a particular or indefinite amount of anything: See more. quantivalence. quantivalent. quantize. quanto option. quanto swap. quantometer. quantong. quantrill. quantrill, william cl quantum. — “Quantity | Define Quantity at ”,
- He was professor at the Univ. of Berlin from 1865 and was a founder (1868) of the German Chemical Society. He also helped to popularize the concept of valence (the word comes from his term quantivalence). — “August Wilhelm von Hofmann — ”,
- Crossword Clue Solver is the crossword solver for you, providing crossword help for those pesky clues in your crossword puzzle Quantivalence. Quantivalent. quantization. quantize. quantized. quantong. quantum. quantum chromodynamics. quantum electrodynamics. quantum field theory. — “Words Starting With 'Q'”,
- Q was found in Taber's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary, 21st Edition as part of Nursing Central, the award-winning, all-in-one mobile and web solution for nurses from Unbound Medicine. quantivalence. — “Nursing Central: Taber's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary, 21st”,
- quantivalence. quantiwhoring. Quanto. Quantom Louis Theory. Quantomed. Quantos. quantrell quantivalence isn't defined yet. permalink: Share on. Send to a friend. your email: their. — “Urban Dictionary: quantivalence”,
- What does quantivalence mean? New - Add Dictionary Search to Your Site. You can add a free dictionary search box to your own web site by copying and pasting the following HTML into one of your web pages:. — “FreeDict: quantivalence”,
- Magnesium has a quantivalence of 2, and as there are two molecules of it in the above or elements with a quantivalence which is 1, 3, or 5, and ends with a section of artiads,. — “Mineralogy”,
- Quantivalence quakeproof pads. B2B marketplace for quad motorcycles qamis. Provides the most comprehensive source of quartz ball quality inkjet paper. — “Quantivalence products quakeproof pads stock purchases”,
- quantivalence. Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Jump to: navigation, search quantivalence (plural quantivalences) (chemistry) Valence; the atomic or combining power of an element or radical expressed in. — “quantivalence - Wiktionary”,
- Definition and other additional information on Quantivalence from Biology- dictionary. — “Quantivalence - definition from Biology-”, biology-
- Q qabala qabalah qabalistic Qabbala Qabbalah Qaddafi Qadhafi qadi Qaeda Qandahar Qassam Brigades qat Qatar Qatari Qatari dirham Qatari monetary unit Qatari riyal Qatar Peninsula QCD QED qepiq qi Qiang Qiangic Qibla qindarka Qing Qing dynasty. — “words that start with the letter Q in English?”,
- quantivalence definition from the mondofacto online medical dictionary. — “quantivalence - Definition”,
- Bibliomania e-text: Chapter Quakeress to Quarrel of Q by Webster's Dictionary (1913 Edition) Known quantities(Math.), quantities whose values are given. — Unknown quantities(Math.), quantities whose values are sought. Quantivalence. — “Chapter Quakeress to Quarrel of Q by Webster's”,
- quantivalence. Dictionary terms for quantivalence, definition for quantivalence, Thesaurus and Translations of quantivalence to Chinese, English, Italian, Russian, Turkish, Catalan, Romanian. — “quantivalence in - dictionary and translation”,
- Quantivalence. I smashed it into a million pieces, and cut myself on Somewhere near Quantivalence I got lost in: Omniformity Valence Quantivalent Multivalent. — “[email protected]”, everything2.com
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Blogs & Forum
blogs and forums about quantivalence
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- multilingual dictionary | <urn:uuid:107eca0a-8584-4a18-89d1-030c9efe0058> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://wordsdomination.com/quantivalence.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719646.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00126-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.754491 | 2,834 | 2.171875 | 2 |
Berwick Township - Beaconsfield
In Berwick Township - Beaconsfield, 19% of households earned an income of $2,500 or more per week in 2011.
Households form the common 'economic unit' in our society. Berwick Township - Beaconsfield's Household Income is one of the most important indicators of socio-economic status. With other data sources, such as Qualifications and Occupation, it helps to reveal the economic opportunities and socio-economic status of Berwick Township - Beaconsfield. It is important to note that income data is not necessarily a measure of wealth. For example, if an area has a large number of retirees this will produce a higher proportion of households with low income but the retirees may have large capital wealth. For this reason, household income should be viewed in conjunction with Age and Household Composition.
The incomes presented on this page are for the latest Census year only. For comparison of incomes over time, go to Household Income Quartiles.
Derived from the Census question:
'What is the total of all wages/salaries, government benefits, pensions, allowances and other income the person usually receives?'
|Weekly household income|
|Berwick Township - Beaconsfield||2011|
|Weekly income||Number||%||City of Casey %|
|Negative Income/Nil Income||96||1.3||1.0||28001|
|$5000 or more||97||1.3||0.7||28017|
Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing (opens a new window) 2011. Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id (opens a new window), the population experts.
Compiled and presented in profile.id by .id, the population experts.
Analysis of household income levels in Berwick Township - Beaconsfield in 2011 compared to the City of Casey shows that there was a larger proportion of high income households (those earning $2,500 per week or more) and a higher proportion of low income households (those earning less than $600 per week).
Overall, 19.2% of the households earned a high income and 17.9% were low income households, compared with 13.9% and 15.7% respectively for the City of Casey.
The major differences between the household incomes of Berwick Township - Beaconsfield and the City of Casey were:
- A larger percentage of households who earned $3000-$3499 (5.1% compared to 3.7%)
- A smaller percentage of households who earned $1500-$1999 (11.6% compared to 14.3%)
- A smaller percentage of households who earned $1250-$1499 (7.3% compared to 8.9%)
- A smaller percentage of households who earned $1000-$1249 (8.0% compared to 9.5%) | <urn:uuid:3dadd99b-f576-4002-b39b-8b495732c579> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://profile.id.com.au/casey/household-income?WebID=110 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720468.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00488-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.865316 | 602 | 2.328125 | 2 |
Eating chocolate may change the immune system in ways that aggravate acne, a small new study from the Netherlands suggests.
In the study, researchers collected blood from seven healthy people before and after they ate 1.7 ounces of chocolate, each day for four days. (The chocolate contained about 30 percent cocoa.)
The researchers then exposed the blood cells to bacteria called Propionibacterium acnes, which contribute to acne when they grow inside clogged pores and cause pores to become inflamed, and to Staphylococcus aureus, another skin bacteria that can aggravate acne.
After eating chocolate, the participants' blood cells produced more interleukin-1b, a marker of immune system inflammation, when exposed to Propionibacterium acnes. This suggests chocolate consumption could increase the inflammation that contributes to acne, the researchers said.
In addition, eating chocolate increased production of another immune system factor called interleukin 10 after exposure to Staphylococcus aureus. Interleukin 10 is thought to lower our bodies' defenses against microorganisms, and thus, higher levels of interleukin 10 could create conditions that allow bacteria to infect pimples, and worsen them, the researchers said.
However, the results are preliminary, and the jury is still out on whether indulging in the sweet treat can really prompt a breakout.
Future studies should look into which components of chocolate (fats, sugars, etc.) might be responsible for the effects, and whether fat-free chocolate would have a different effect, the researchers said.
A 2011 study also found that chocolate consumption worsened acne, but the study involved only 10 men who consumed pure chocolate.
Although there's a lot of talk about chocolate and other foods playing a role in acne, there's very little evidence to show they do, said Dr. Kanade Shinkai, a dermatologist at the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, who specializes in acne treatments.
"I think there's 10 times more discussion about it than there is data," Shinkai said.
There is some evidence that so-called high glycemic foods, such as white bread, which release sugar very quickly into the bloodstream, may be linked to acne, Shinkai said. For instance, one study found that a population in Papua New Guinea with a low glycemic diet had no cases of acne across all ages, while in the United States more than 80 percent of teenagers have acne. Other studies looking at a possible link between diary products and acne have had conflicting results, Shinkai said.
While there may be a subset of people whose acne is influenced by diet, this is probably not true for everyone, Shinkai said. Multiple factors contribute to acne, including genetics, hormones and certain medications. [See Acne in Women Can Signal Hormone Problems.]
Shinkai said most dermatologists do not recommend dietary changes to help with acne, unless a patient is certain that a particular food is linked with his or her acne. Shinkai cautioned against broad dietary restrictions, such as avoiding diary, because diary products are important sources of calcium and vitamin D for many people, and the nutritional benefits of the products outweigh the impact of acne, she said.
Eating small amounts of chocolate has been linked with health benefits, such as a reduced risk of heart attack and stroke.
The new study, conducted by researchers at the Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center in the Netherlands, was published online March 1 in the journal Cytokine.
Pass it on: For some people, chocolate consumption may worsen acne .
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Copyright 2013 MyHealthNewsDaily, a TechMediaNetwork company. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed. | <urn:uuid:cb1986c0-a750-4b02-93b4-08055530190e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.yahoo.com/news/bittersweet-news-chocolate-may-trigger-acne-162147774.html?.tsrc=rawnews&ref=gs | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00227-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947254 | 805 | 3.140625 | 3 |
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