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Skip to Content
Adult Still's disease is a rare illness that causes high fevers, rash, and joint pain. It may lead to long-term (chronic) arthritis.
Still's disease is a severe version of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), which occurs in children. Adults can have the same condition although it is much less common. It is also called adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD).
Still's disease - adult; AOSD
Fewer than 1 out of 100,000 people develop adult-onset Still's disease each year. It affects women more often than men.
The cause of adult Still's disease is unknown. No risk factors for the disease have been identified.
Almost all people with the disease will have fever, joint pain, sore throat, and a rash.
Additional symptoms include:
The spleen or liver may become swollen. Lung and heart inflammation may also occur.
Adult-onset Still's disease can only be diagnosed after many other diseases (such as infections and cancer) are ruled out. You may need many medical tests before a final diagnosis is made.
A physical exam may show a fever, rash, and arthritis. The health care provider will use a stethoscope to listen for changes in the sound of your heart or lungs.
The following blood tests can be helpful in diagnosing adult Still's disease:
Other tests may be needed to check for inflammation of the joints, chest, liver, and spleen:
The goal of treatment for adult Still's disease is to control the symptoms of arthritis. Aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen, are most often used first.
Prednisone may be used for more severe cases.
If the disease persists for a long time (becomes chronic), medicines that suppress the immune system might be needed. Such medicines include:
Studies show that in about 1 in 5 people all symptoms go away in a year and never come back. In many people, symptoms go away but then come back several times over the next few years.
Symptoms continue for a long time (chronic) in about half of patients with adult Still's disease.
Complications may include:
Call your health care provider if you have symptoms of adult-onset Still's disease.
Clarke JT. Other Rheumatologic Diseases. In: Bolognia JL, Jorizzo JL, Schaffer JV, et al, eds. Dermatology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Mosby; 2012:chap 45.
Gerfaud-Valentin M, Maucort-Boulch D, Hot A, et al. Adult-onset still disease: manifestations, treatment, outcome, and prognostic factors in 57 patients. Medicine (Baltimore). 2014;93:91. PMID: 24646465 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24646465.
Lee LA, Werth VP. The Skin and Rheumatic Diseases. In: Firestein GS, Budd RC, Gabriel SE, et al, eds. Kelley's Textbook of Rheumatology. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2012:chap 43.
Reviewed By: Gordon A. Starkebaum, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Isla Ogilvie, PhD, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.
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|Owned by||National Railway Company of Belgium|
|Bicycle facilities||2 parkings|
|Opened||31 March 1847|
The station is situated on walking distance from the city centre. Each quarter of an hour, a train stops in Roeselare, among which L-trains to Bruges and Kortrijk, and the IC-trains to Bruges-Ostend (Brugge-Oostende) and Kortrijk-Lille or Brussels.
Outside, there is a busstation with 11 platforms where you can take a town-bus or regional bus.
The station lies on a raising verge. There is a big yellow metal roof above the platforms. Because of the open roof construction, there are almost no walls around the platforms but some shelters protect the travellers against the wind. There are 3 tracks and 2 platforms. On the upper storey, there are a few offices. Formerly, signal-station 'Bloc 10' regulated the railway-traffic in the station. The platforms can be reached by stairs, escalators or by lift. Downstairs there are a ticket office and several shops.
The railway station from 1977 doesn’t meet certain modern requirements concerning comfort, customer friendliness and reaching.
When the station was built in 1976-1979, it looked modern at the time with a raising railway that replaced four level crossings. At the end of 2007, the municipality and several partners of public transport organizations decided to modernize the neighbourhood of the station. Together they invested 35 million euro. The work was planned to be done in 2012 but they worked on the new railway-station till the summer of 2018. Meanwhile, the construction of the underground parking and the new busstation have been completed.
Thanks to this renovation, the railway station has turned into a transferring point between different parts of town.
Railway line to GhentEdit
In the 'Neptunusplan', it has been suggested to improve the train-service between Roeselare and Ghent by means of a new railway junction between the railway-lines 66 and 73, near the village of Gits. Faster train-services via Kortrijk are possible too.
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China's Investment Interests in Iran White Paper
- Length: 8 pages
- Sources: 10
- Subject: History - Israel
- Type: White Paper
- Paper: #74608004
Excerpt from White Paper :
China's Interests in Iran
The following White Paper is an examination of the prospects and pitfalls for China in pursuing further economic opportunity through its investment in the future of Iran. As the two nations proceed with the explicit intention of further entwining prospects both economically and diplomatically, China must move forward with care and precision. As the discussion here will demonstrate, its opportunities and the level of commitment already pursued are quite ample, but it will also be necessary for China to take a more active role in helping to reign in some of Iran's behavioral excesses if it is to enjoy the benefits of this relationship. And quite to the point, it will also appear to be in the best interests of Iran to accommodate calls for a more moderate disposition in world affairs if it is to benefit from the opportunities presented by China. The mutuality of this opportunity underscores the endorsement here of a continued but measured path to economic intimicacy.
With great certainty, the process of globalization is revealing that there are considerable opportunities to be realized in China, whose economy has displayed a serious robustness and growth rate to be positively compared with any western boom. Thus, the capacity for economic expansion is significant even as the challenges to sound practice are heightened. To the point, an approach to economic capitalism which has been adapted to comply with cultural and political realities in China is evident and increasingly dominant on the front of statewide development. To the point, we do truly find that at this juncture in the proliferation of free trade, China has become a relatively open society with respect to consumer opportunities and options. This is at least true from an economic standpoint, where the formerly obstructive parameters of communist China have actually liberalized in consonance with much of the rest of the industrialized capitalist world. For the consumer, competitive expectations have emerged which denote both a distinct form of cultural patterning where purchasing power is concerned and an evermore flexible and motile retail industry as a whole. Thus, where capitalist enterprisers both global and domestic are concerned, China is flush with opportunities for economic expansion and the fundamental breaching of a new marketplace.
This casts a sharp contrast to the experiences of Iran on the world stage, which have seen it in a long-standing holding pattern of isolation from the west. The Islamic Republic of Iran, formed in its current state during the 1979 Islamic Revolution, is a nation which has long been at the center of the world's conflicts and complexities. At times a member of the international community enjoying favor for its provision of access to its wealth of natural resources, Iran has, since the time of its violent revolution operated under the auspices of a theocratic government which has routinely been condemned for widespread violations of human rights, international law and international treaty.
In the face of the War on Terror and global oil shortages, Iran's strategic significance has been highlighted by a number of developments on the global front in recent years. As an undercurrent of the war, there is a philosophical and cultural divide at play which is distinguished by Western Capitalism and Eastern tribalism. Western consumer excesses are at tactical and ideological odds with the Islamic impetus which governs much of life in the Middle East. The implications of these divides are numerous, with financial determinants playing a central role in the relationship between key nation-states in the Persian Gulf region and the world community. A matter which has been of central emphasis throughout the War on Terror and which is bearing perhaps the most significant pressure on the relationship between Iran and the global community is the potential ambition of the former to develop nuclear weapons against the behest of the latter. To the point, a consignee to the 1970 Treat for Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), Iran would be by its terms prohibited from using enriched uranium to pursue the construction of nuclear weaponry. And certainly, with the precedent which the U.S. had that very year set in Iraq, any indication that Iran was actively seeking a nuclear program could deeply imperil a nation in a troubled region. According to U.S. reports, "Iran failed to fulfill its obligations under Iran's NPT safeguards agreement according to reports issued in 2003 by the International Atomic Energy Agency. In November 2003, the IAEA Board of Governors deplored Iran's breaches of its obligations and urged compliance." (UN, 1)
This highlights a core set of issues for China, which has found trade with the western-sanctioned Iran to be quite lucrative. The interest of the Iranians in affordable production goods from China and the interest of the Chinese in importing from the vast wealth of oil in the Persian Gulf state has forged a relationship that both sides view as extremely beneficial. Thus, for the Chinese, the value of ensuring that Iran is able to remain focused on its economic imperatives denotes a motive for helping to prevent or broker through lapses in diplomacy.
To date, all evidence suggests that China plans to continue with efforts that it has seen as fruitful, with the opening of trade lines between the two states helping to establish a meaningful and potentially powerful tie between Asia and the Middle East. Given the long-standing interest of Western, European and Soviet powers in this region, it has become only appropriate for China to work from an already successful diplomatic relationship to a place of stable economic interdependence. Indeed, projections are that the relationship which is underway will continue a path of rapid development that truly got underway at the height of America's war in Iraq. It would be at this juncture that both parties would come to see a strategic, economic and even military imperative for improved relations, notably as a way to resist American imposition. Thus, in the ensuing years, the exchange practices between China and Iran would become normalized and intensified. In 2008, "Iran's Deputy Minister of Commerce Mehdi Ghazanfari said trade exchanges between Iran and China will exceed $25 billion this year, IRNA wrote." (IDN, 1) This is a significant development for both nations, which bears with it meaningful geopolitical implications to which China must be very sensitive. Its intention would hardly here be to antagonize those Western nations which have maintained badly severed relations with Iran. To the contrary, this reflects a differently oriented strategy approach to a state whose radical tendencies are a response to imposition and political defensiveness as much as to ideological militancy.
Thus, it will become increasingly apparent that the inevitability of the intensifying relationship precipitates a necessity for China to take a more active role in encouraging the opening of Iran to the world community. The scale of money invested in its oil resources in particular denotes that China has much to gain in the ability of Iran to realize without obstruction its fullest energy protection potential. To this point, "in mid-March, China signed a contract worth U.S.$3.2 billion with Iran to develop the South Pars Field underneath the Persian Gulf seabed, following a U.S.$1.76 billion agreement in January between the two countries for an exploration of an oilfield in western Iran." (CKO, 1) This indicates an interesting level of apparent trust developing between two nations which are frequently seen as closed off to the view of outsiders. The level of active participation which China is dedicating to the realization of Iranian commodities suggests that contrary to most other parties in the world community, China may well have some influence with Iran's policymaking.
This is particularly a useful distinction to make in light of the demonstration also rendered by this trade agreement of the apparent failure in the western strategy to squeeze Iran economically to a point of political and diplomatic concession. Sanctions have proven ineffective in changing Iranian orientation or policy, with its isolation generally only deepening as a result of the poverty, despair and uncertainty foisted upon the Iranian people by global exclusion from developmental opportunity. This not only points to an opening for investment from a power with the resources to realize such an infrastructural task such as China, but it also indicates a negative consequence to sanctioning that can only be counteracted through such investment. Again, another source reporting on the recent natural gas compact between the two nations perceives this as a direct statement of economic and ideological difference from the western forces which have isolated Iran. Here, "reporting from Beirut -- Iran announced a $3.2-billion natural gas deal with China on Saturday, a move that underscored the difficulty of using economic sanctions to pressure Tehran to bow to Washington's demands on its nuclear program." (Daragahi, 1)
This is to indicate that China's actions are not to be taken as an endorsement of those behaviors deemed by the world community to be in violation of nuclear policy or human rights policy. Instead, these are to be recognized as…
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Cable extortion needs to end
Expanded basic cable has become a Pandora's Box for families. Many parents welcome expanded basic cable into their homes because it opens up a whole universe of family-friendly programming: Channels like the Disney Channel, Nickelodeon, the Discovery Channel, Animal Planet and others. However, to access these educational and family friendly networks, families are also forced to pay for channels they don't want and may even be detrimental to their sense of values.
It is wrong to require consumers to pay for a product they don't want, and may even find offensive, in order to get something they do want. It would be unthinkable for a magazine publisher to tell you that in order to get 'Better Homes and Gardens,' you also have to pay for a subscription to 'Playboy.' But in effect, that's exactly what the cable industry has been forcing cable subscribers to do for years. The practice amounts to nothing short of licensed extortion of American families by the cable industry.
Consumers are becoming aware that the public airwaves will continue to be barraged with indecent content unless and until we also address the even more vulgar, even more violent and even more sexually graphic material coming into our living rooms through basic cable (which reaches more than 85 percent of U.S. households). Our legislators are finally listening. U.S. Sen. John McCain, R-Ariz., recently introduced a bill (S. 173), which will give the power to us, the consumer, not the cable companies.
The cable industry knows that there is a strong movement afoot to give the FCC the authority to regulate content on basic cable, thus allowing subscribers the option to purchase and pay for only those channels they actually want. In response to this movement, the cable industry announced that it would provide free equipment to subscribers so they can block unwanted channels. The cable industry has also been touting a $250 million campaign to instruct parents how to block unwanted channels. The problem with this is that consumers are still expected to pay for those networks they are blocking from coming into their homes.
The technology and ability to block cable channels has been available for quite some time. However, the industry withheld this technology and even charged consumers for its use in an effort to line its pockets without any regard for what was truly best for their customers. This announcement of a 'solution' is at best an empty gesture meant to appease angry consumers and lawmakers, and it shows the industry's desperation to maintain the status quo.
Furthermore, so-called 'family tier' packages do nothing to give families choice and control over the content that comes into their homes. 'Family tiers' continue to reserve for the cable companies the right to decide what is appropriate for families, but what is appropriate for a 16-year-old adolescent is likely to be highly inappropriate for a 6-year-old child.
The cable industry is employing fear tactics to fight a la carte, hiding behind a fabricated doom-and-gloom proclamation that unbundled cable packaging would increase subscription rates for the consumer. It is outrageous for the cable industry to hide behind a veil of consumer concern after unilaterally raising subscriber rates by nearly 45 percent over the preceding five years.
Giving parents the power to block offensive programs is an important step in the right direction, but consumers are still being made to subsidize them. Offering parents the ability to choose the channels they want, AND to pay only for those channels, puts power back in the hands of the consumer. It forces the producers of indecent or violent programming to fund their raunch with their own money. The cable industry has been carried on the backs of American consumers long enough. It is time for this extortion to end.
Stephanie Snow is the Portland Chapter director for the Parents Television Council, a non-profit, non-partisan organization committed to protecting children from graphic sex, violence and profanity in entertainment. Its Web site is www.parentstv.org.
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SALT LAKE CITY (AP) — Utah's experiment with a first-in-the-nation four-day workweek for state workers is over.
State workers will return to the five-day workweek Tuesday, but they won't immediately start working a full week because of the Labor Day holiday.
Lawmakers scratched the experiment, saying it was not saving as much money as hoped and that residents were complaining about not having access to services on Fridays.
Utah Public Employees Association representative Todd Sutton says the change won't be easy for many employees. Some had arranged daycare schedules for the four-day week, while others were using their free Fridays to work second jobs or volunteer.
Former Utah Gov. Jon Huntsman launched the four-day workweek for thousands of employees in 2008 to improve efficiency, reduce overhead costs and conserve energy.
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This plant is native to Eurasia, and is considered a noxious weed in Colorado. It grows in open areas such as meadows or along the roadsides. Despite its spiky appearance and unwelcome presence, it is quite pretty. The top is a bright pinkish-purple color and soft to the touch. The lower section of the flower is spiky, either green or purplish. The beauty of this plant is its perfectly spiraled symmetry.
|Scientific Name:||Carduus nutans|
|Native:||No, Designated Noxious Weed|
|Soil Type:||Open areas, roadsides|
Musk Thistle, Nodding Thistle, Nodding Plumeless Thistle
|Habitat:||Sea level to Montane|
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A DERELICT steelworks is to be brought back to life as a retail park, creating up to 300 jobs.
Planners have approved a 108,000 sq ft development on the site of the former HH Robertson steelworks.
The Cromwell Road site in Ellesmere Port holds memories of a bitter shutdown when 150 men lost their jobs following its takeover by British Steel, now known as Corus, in 1997.
Developer St Modwen now plans to demolish all trace of the works and build a shopping park with units ranging from 8,000 sq ft upwards.
The company is confident of attracting investment from major names in the DIY and electrical industries.
Jeremy Boyd, development surveyor for St Modwen, said: "Now that we have planning permission we can go into the market place and start to get names above doors.
"The council are keen the development does not compete with the town centre so we are concentrating on retailers of bulky goods.
"Interest is encouraging and we are optimistic we can bring in some leading retail names.
"There is potential to create up to 250 retail jobs which, combined with the jobs associated with the construction process, takes the total to about300."
St Modwen hopes to clear the site and begin construction within the next six months. The park is expected to open next year.
There will be 480 car parking spaces and a section of the site will remain undeveloped for possible future leisure or retail use. It is an amazing turnaround for the site which became a symbol of industrial unrest after the collapse of HH Robertson.
British Steel paid #7.5m for the assets and order book but caused concern by refusing to meet previous redundancy and pension commitments.
Coun Fred Venables, leader of Ellesmere Port and Neston Council, said: "The Cromwell Road site is a sad reminder of the fate of one of the town's earliest industries and the last remnant of our iron industry.
"It closed in such a shabby way that the site is more than just an eyesore, it is depressing.
"It will be wonderful to see something good and positive for Ellesmere Port rise from the ashes. This retail park is very welcome and the council is fully behind it.
"The news of 300 jobs is the icing on the cake. The town has created several thousand jobs in recent years and our unemployment rate is far lower than the regional and national average."..SUPL:
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Pinterest: A Quick Start Guide to Using it Effectively
Pinterest is a popular social media site that allows people to share ideas and inspiration by pinning images and articles.
It’s like a giant virtual refrigerator door, with unlimited magnets.
So, how can it help grow your business? Data shows that people who research products on Pinterest tend to make an actual purchase. Furthermore, 5% of all website referral traffic is generated from Pinterest. That’s just second to Facebook.
Convinced? Here’s how you can grow your business using Pinterest.
Start a Business Account
First, create a designated Pinterest account for your business, or convert your personal account into a business account. Choose a keyword that reflects your industry or service. Don’t forget to fill out your bio with links to your website and other social media accounts, and choose a unique profile photo that will represent your company.
Create Attractive Pins
Like other social platforms, Pinterest has its own set of codes when it comes to making the perfect Pin. Here are the basics to creating attractive Pins.
The ideal image size for a Pin is 735 x 1102. This allows your Pin to take up valuable real estate on Pinterest while communicating the most information possible in a single image. Entire infographics can be seen and read just from the search page, encouraging users to click through or save your Pin for future reference.
Images with text
Search for any recipe on Pinterest, and you’ll immediately see Pins that place text directly in the image. This bypasses the need to read the small text description below a Pin’s image and is proven to be more effective than images without text.
A picture says 1,000 words, right? High-quality images not only look better but are more professional. Use free stock images, purchase photos online, or use your own eye-catching photos.
Ease up on the branding
Pinterest is a community-based social platform. Avoid overt promotion of your products and services, and keep logos, copyrights and brand names on your images to a minimum.
Instead, enhance your brand image with boards and pins that reflect a lifestyle or attitude your audience can achieve if they use your services.
Grow Your Boards
Now let’s collect your Pins and categorise them into specific boards. Each board should contain roughly ten pins—more than that and your collection might look daunting. Each board should cover a specific interest, with keywords that will captivate your target audience.
As you develop more Pins and boards, consider creating a few boards that are tailored for Pinterest’s top categories, like Beauty, Education, Quotes, Tech and Humor.
Boost your Pinterest Traffic
Engaging with followers and participating in the Pinterest community not only proves you’re human but increases the likelihood of people following and sharing your Pins and boards. Follow individual boards based on keywords, and repin anything noteworthy. Don’t forget to share your Pins across your other social media channels. You can even pay for a Promoted Pin, which will be seen by more people and includes a direct link to your website or product.
Monitor Your Results
Finally, you can see whether Pinterest is generating ROI by checking your traffic on Google Analytics. You can also check Pinterest analytics to see what’s working—and what’s not. Experiment with a little trial and error by tweaking Pins and boards until you find an approach that resonates with your audience.
If you build it, they will come
Taking the time to build a solid foundation on Pinterest will benefit your business in the long run. However, just like other social media sites, the more you participate on Pinterest, the more attention you’ll receive. In other words: don’t let your boards grow stagnant. Make regular updates, interact with the community, and deliver fresh content.
The followers will come, and with them even more business.
If you're still not sure how to use Pinterest for your business, speak to BabbleHub TODAY for a FREE consultation to help your business grow!
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Has anyone ever suggested you eat a Snickers bar for a burst of energy before playing a soccer game or trekking off on a long run? If so, kindly decline, because it's not the best energy food.
Distance runners push their bodies to extremes during 10K and marathon races. It's not uncommon for a distance runner to burn through 1,800 calories during a run [source: Morris]. That's why proper nutrition is a critical element to any training program. But nutrition leading up to race day isn't the only consideration. What you eat during your run could be the difference in how, or even if, you finish.
Carbohydrates are to the human body's muscles what gasoline is to a car's engine. Carbohydrates are broken down by the body then converted into fuel in the form of glucose, fructose, maltose or lactose. Sugar levels in the blood rise and fall as a result of your carbohydrate intake. In addition, the two main types of carbohydrates -- simple and complex -- act in different ways. Simple carbohydrates rank high on the glycemic index (GI) and are used up faster by your body. Simple carbohydrates give you more energy earlier but will burn off much faster. Complex carbohydrates take longer for your body to break down into useable energy. In other words, you'll have more energy for a longer period of time.
Now that you've prepared for your distance race, it's time to consider what you need during the run. If you've prepared properly, you should have stored enough fuel to get you through the race. But you still need to refuel during your run. Because each run may be slightly different, and you never know how close you are to running out of energy, you want to avoid hitting "the wall." That happens when your body has no more calories to burn. You're out of stored energy. So what you need is something to give you more quick energy.
During your race, eat and drink high GI foods. Obviously you can't run and eat a plate of pasta or rice (both above 90 GI) but you can grab small snacks along the way. Below is a chart with a few high GI foods [source: Glycemic Index Foundation].
| Gatorade sports drink||89|
| GatorLode sports drink||100|
| Rice Krispies||82|
| Power Bar (chocolate, energy bar)||83|
| Rice Chex||89|
| Jelly beans|| 80|
One mistake many runners make is drinking water in conjunction with sports drinks. Stick to sports drinks. Water dilutes the sports drink, thus decreasing the rate the carbohydrates will break down. Think of what would happen if you mixed cheap 87-octane gasoline with racing gas. The octane level is lowered and the car wouldn't run as fast. The same thing happens within your body when you mix water with sports drinks.
These are just a few foods you can eat during a race. Most of them are small enough to munch on in stride. Runners tend to get into a rhythm during a race, but once the body starts to shut down, you simply can't continue. These foods give you energy faster. Unlike complex carbohydrates, these will get into your system and start producing fuel much quicker. Just remember, you'll use that fuel up sooner so make sure to space out your food intake.
Oh yeah, about that Snickers? It's roughly 40 on the GI. You're better off with a Rice Krispie treat.
Before you run off, don't forget to check out related exercise and running articles on the next page.
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Geology is strong in the successful Star Wars franchise, be it in the movies or behind the scenes. It does so in a way even when it doesn't play as an important role in the plot as in classic science-fiction stories. Spectacular landscapes, like glaciers in Norway, an active volcano in Sicily and the sand dunes of Tunisia act as a background for the struggles of our heroes against the dark side and epic battles with the empire.
The famous lightsaber battle on Mustafar in Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith, was done by combining computer graphics with real footage of Mount Etna. The crew was filming in 2002 in Italy when just by chance Mount Etna erupted with spectacular lava fountains and flows, so they decided to film there. The fictional planet Mustafar displays a landscape covered entirely in dark rocks, igneous in origin as the many active lava flows and fountains suggest. Real science suggests that early Earth was pretty much a lava planet, with a thin crust of basalt covering a fiery ocean. Only later, when plate tectonics and erosion by water started, other rocks formed. Planet Venus still today is covered mostly by dark-grey basalt, even if it's not clear if there are active volcanoes to be found. There are even real exoplanets that supposedly look very similar to Mustafar.
The battle of Hoth, sixth planet in a remote star system, in The Empire Strikes Back was filmed on the Finse and Hardangerjøkulen glaciers in Norway. Hoth is a world covered entirely in snow and ice. But even on this frozen planet you still can find an entire ecosystem, like the Tauntaun, a bipedal herbivore, grazing on lichens, and hunted by the terrible Wampa. Ice worlds are not science-fiction and quite common, even in our solar system. Also, the most recent episode, "The Last Jedi", features some spectacular landscapes, like the Salar de Uyuni, a dry lake located in the Andes. The plain bottom of the lake is covered by common salt or sylvite. Halite, the mineralogical name for salt, can become dark red-brown when exposed to radioactive radiation. Sylvite, a potassium chloride (KCl), has a reddish color, that can become purple if exposed to radiation, but it's rare in nature.
The fictional desert city of Mos Espa, the hometown of Anakin Skywalker, was built in 1997 for the movie Star Wars Episode 1: The Phantom Menace and then abandoned in the Tunisian desert. Over the years it has become a tourist attraction. The dry climate preserves the buildings very well and the only menace for the site comes from the slowly moving barchan dunes, up to 20 feet high windblown accumulations of sand and gypsum grains. The set of Mos Espa, consisting of twenty buildings made of wood and plaster, was built on a flat, clay-rich pan and the city later expanded digitally in size, with dunes only barely visible in the background of some scenes.
However the prevailing wind, blowing from east to west, constantly moves the sand. The dunes are migrating with the wind eastwards, just in the direction of the remains of the abandoned site. Using the buildings as a fixed reference point in a quite featureless landscape and comparing a series of satellite images from 2002 to 2009 and pictures taken by Star Wars fans over the years, researchers were able to calculate the migration rate of three larger dunes. With 16 to 50 feet per year, the dunes move with an average speed. The study notes that the dune located nearest to the film set slowed down in recent years, possibly influenced by changes in the wind pattern caused by the encountered obstacles. Even so, Mos Espa will be buried completely in estimated 80 years by the sand. The slow destruction of his home may also explain why Darth "Anakin" Vader doesn't really like sand.
Geology, sort of, was also involved behind the scenes of Star Wars. Forty years ago the Death Star was blown up by the rebels in A New Hope. The computer animation for the simulated attack on the Moon-sized battle station was done using computers of the University of Illinois. At the time CGI, as seen in the latest Star Wars movies, was pure fantasy and only a few computers were powerful enough to calculate the vector graphics as shown in the scene. Geologist Christopher Scotese had to share his spare computer time, used for simulations of how plate tectonics shapes Earth, with the special effects artists at work. The used computers are still on display today.
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Palm Coast’s proposed water and sewer rate increases have elicited many questions from residents.
The Palm Coast City Council will discuss and likely choose between two alternative rate increase schedules at its Tuesday meeting.
The first is the originally proposed increase, which will account for maintenance- and growth-related expenses for the utility for the next five years. It includes infrastructure projects for the existing utility, funds for renewal and replacement of existing parts, money to maintain an operating reserve and growth-related capital projects.
The second is similar to the first, but it pushes growth-related capital projects outside of the scope of the city’s current five-year plan, reducing the need for capital projects by $24 million. Doing this would require that the city reevaluate its plan in 2015. If the city’s population grows enough to require planning for an additional wastewater treatment (sewer) plant, rates could rise again then.
Aside from consumer price index increases, the last utility rate increase was a 12.5% hike in 2008, which came with the five-year plan the city developed at the time. The plan accounted for maintenance and growth needs for the utility. Those five years passed, and 2012 brought the need for another capital improvement program.
“We’re accused of not planning, when really, this has been carefully planned,” said Jim Landon, city manager for Palm Coast. “Most of the money budgeted is for improvements needed because of changes in regulation.” (See the next question for more on this.)
The city departs from planned maintenance and infrastructure when it delves into the realm of growth-related projects. While there are estimates, nobody knows how quickly Palm Coast will grow. That’s why City
Council is able to consider its second option, which pushes growth-related projects back, leaving just the minimum maintenance and improvement projects in the plan.
The alternative leaves the city to do three things: First, it will refinance its loans. Taking advantage of lower interest rates will save the city between $400,000 and $500,000 annually, Landon said.
Second, the city will issue $15 million of additional debt for its five-year capital improvement plan, which only covers the first two years of its projects. The situation will be reassessed in 2015.
Third, the city will keep enough money in its operating reserve to prevent its bond rating from dropping again. Doing this is important, Landon said, because a higher rating will let the city release $6 million of its debt from its reserve fund, reducing the amount of money the city needs to borrow for projects. It will also let the city borrow at a lower interest rate, saving money in the long term.
Why spend $10 million on water treatment plant 2? Why pay for so many new wells?
The biggest expense the city faces now is an Environmental Protection Agency-mandated improvement to the utility’s second water treatment plant, which currently releases a concentrate of minerals from well water into the Royal Palm Waterway.
Palm Coast currently has an EPA-issued permit to do this, but it expires in March, and because of changes in pollution regulations, the EPA will not renew it until the treatment plant switches to a system that puts fewer minerals into the waterway.
“That’s why we’re telling City Council they don’t have a choice right now,” Landon said. “Or, they do: They can either raise rates or fight the (Department of Environmental Protection) and the EPA. We’re at the point where we can’t sit and do nothing.”
The news of the impending expiration of this permit, which is issued under the EPA’s National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System, came four years ago. Since then, the city commissioned a study and considered 10 options for bringing the plant up to the EPA’s new standards.
The winner: a zero liquid discharge system similar to the process used in the utility’s first water treatment plant. Through post-treatment, the mineral concentrate will be mixed with lime to create a solid waste, which can be taken to a landfill. This kind of waste is not currently regulated.
The city was on track to change to a zero liquid discharge system by 2013, but when the city’s bond insurer (not the city itself) was downgraded, the city was required to put more funds in its debt reserve, which ensures bondholders that the city can repay its debt. This, Landon said, is another reason that it’s important for the utility to keep enough funds in its operating reserve: to maintain a high rating on its bonds.
Palm Coast has requested an extension on its deadline to upgrade its treatment plant, and Public Works Director Richard Adams said he is confident that because plans are in works to do so, the extension will be granted.
Other regulations require that the city expand its number of wells because environmental agencies say relying too heavily on a few wells is detrimental to the aquifer. That’s why, staff said, money is budgeted to increase the number of wells the utility gets its water from.
Why not sell the utility?
Some residents have suggested Palm Coast sell the utility to a private company to solve its problems.
“I think the misconception is that there’s somebody out there with a pocket full of cash that will come in and buy the utility,” said Chris Quinn, the city’s finance director. “Whoever’s going to buy the utility is going to borrow the money to do so, and the cost is going to be greatly in excess of what we’re paying now. That’s going to be turned around on the rate payers.”
And, Quinn said, any private person or company who purchases the utility will want to make a return on the investment, so rates would rise to create a profit. Plus, the new owner would still need to maintain the utility, which costs money, Quinn said.
But doesn’t the city make a profit on the utility?
The city’s utility is an enterprise that stands alone from the rest of the city’s projects. It’s set up to be a self-sustaining, profitless entity.
“All the revenues we collect in the utility are reinvested into the utility,” Adams said.
Why not use red light camera funds to repair the utility rather than raise rates?
Palm Coast purchased its utility as a stand-alone enterprise. Its budget and the city of Palm Coast’s budget are separate sources of funding, and they cannot be intertwined.
“We don’t use the funds collected from utility bills for general government projects,” Landon said, “and we don’t use tax dollars to support the utility.”
The question of changing this practice has arisen in City Council discussions about the rate increase. But overall, the council and city staff say that comingling the two funds is a bad practice. Right now, residents are charged for water and sewer based on use. If taxes were used to fund utility projects, that wouldn’t be the case.
A high-value home with one resident pays higher property taxes than a lower-value home with six residents in it.
“Is it fair for that person to be paying more into the utility even if other properties use more water?” Landon said.
There are fund transfers from the utility to the general fund every year, however, because the utility contracts with the city for services such as human resources, processing purchase orders and use of the city attorney.
It’s more efficient for the utility to operate in conjunction with the city for those services, Landon said.
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The Fairfield PAL program at the Sullivan Interagency Youth Services Complex offers Fairfield, Suisun and Travis teens a place to grow, learn and build the skills they need today and in the future. The PAL Center offers teens a safe environment, supports working families and helps students achieve by giving them opportunities right now.
The PAL Center is home to a host of enriching programs designed to support our members. We offer homework and academic enrichment with career planning, fitness, sports and recreation programs, leaderships and character education, and health/ wellness and life skills components.
Friday: 3-10:30 p.m.
The Fairfield PAL program is open to students enrolled in grades seven through twelve within the Fairfield-Suisun and Travis Unified School Districts. Memberships are $10 per year (scholarships are available) and can be purchased at the Fairfield Community Center (1000 Kentucky Street) Monday through Friday between 11 a.m - 5:30 p.m. with the exception of the 1st and 3rd Friday where all City offices are closed. A current student ID and registration form is required to register. Participant must be present at the time of registration to take picture for their membership card.
Visit Fairfield PAL on Facebook
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|• 1854: Start of Crimean War||• 1859: Darwin's Origin of Species published||• 1861: American Civil War begins||• 1865: Salvation Army founded||• 1869: Suez Canal opened||• 1871: Trades Unions legalised||• 1872: Secret ballots introduced for elections||• 1873: Dr Livingstone dies||• 1876: Bell invents telephone||• 1878: Electric light bulb invented||• 1881: Pasteur invents innoculation||• 1884: Speaker Brand retires||• 1884: Fabian Society founded||• 1885: Glynde & Beddingham Cricket Club founded||• 1887: Queen Victoria's Jubilee||• 1894: Manchester Ship Canal opened||• 1899: Boer War starts||• 1901: Queen Victoria dies|
We regret to state that another agricultural fire - the fourth which has occurred in this neighbourhood in a period extending over about two months - took place on Saturday evening last. It appears that in an open field, near the farm-house occupied by Mr Newington, at Glyndebourne, had been built three stacks, one of wheat, and one of beans, the third being a hay stack. The centre stack, the wheat stack, was supported by a wooden 'shore'. During the thunderstorm of Saturday evening this support was struck by lightning, and splintered into fragments, the electric fluid communicating with the stack, which it set on fire. No sooner was the mischief discovered than a messenger was despatched to Lewes for the Volunteer Fire Brigades, Captain Duplock, of the Borough Brigade, was quickly at the engine-house, and was soon followed by Firemen Pelling and Parker who, with the assistance of several persons who had assembled, got out the engine and fetched the hose, which was hanging in the lofts of the Star Hotel stables. Lieut F Davey and the remainder of the members rapidly mustered, and the engine being horsed by the Messrs Cox, of Station Street and Fisher Street, dashed off for the scene of the conflagration, in South Street passing the Cliffe engine (that brigade having mustered in full force under their Capt and Lieut Messrs B Thorpe, senior and junior). On reaching the farm it was found that, unfortunately, there was a very short supply of water (although the rain was pouring down in torrents), and every drop that could be obtained having been used up, water carts had to be despatched to the residence of the Right Hon the Speaker, at Glynde Place, where water was supplied as quickly as possible from the reservoir, but it of course could not be obtained in sufficient quantities to enable the engines to be worked with effect. However, it was useful to the firemen in their attempts to save the two adjoining ricks, which were kept covered with wet rick cloths, the members of the brigades being ably assisted in their endeavours to prevent the flames extending to these stacks by men employed by the Speaker, and the member for Lewes, William Langham Christie, Esq, MP. Fortunately these efforts were crowned with success, and both the bean and hay stacks are uninjured, although all attempts to save any portion of the wheat stack were unavailing, the fire burning itself out about one o'clock on Saturday morning. The brigades then returned home, the men being literally soaked to the skin, after being exposed in an open field for several hours to a perfect torrent of rain, accompanied by almost a hurricane. We believe that Mr Newington was injured.
glynde.info/history by Andrew Lusted & Chris Whitmore is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at http://glynde.info/history/contact.php
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Over the next decade, we will encounter at least three major opportunities where success will hinge largely on our ability to define appropriate standards. That’s because intelligently crafted standards that surface at just the right time can do much to nurture nascent industries and encourage product development simply by creating a trusted and reliable basis for interoperability. From where I stand, the three specific areas I see as particularly promising are: (1) all telecommunications and computing capabilities that work together to facilitate collaborative work; (2) hybrid computing/home entertainment products providing for the online distribution of audio and/or video content; and (3) wireless sensor and network platforms (the sort that some hope the 802.15.4 and ZigBee Alliance standards will ultimately enable). No doubt there will be others, but for the purposes of this discussion, these should suffice.
The point here is that, in each of these areas, the right standards adopted at the right time can make an important contribution to technical evolution by applying critical design constraints. That is, they can do much to conserve vital design time and effort simply by providing a stable foundation of already defined compute capabilities and processes. Thus, instead of starting each new system from silicon, developers can be liberated to turn their attention to the design of higher-level, value-added functionality.
This is not to suggest that standards offer any sort of panacea. Far from it. In fact, much of this article is devoted to considering the foibles and all-too-familiar failings common to all SSOs (standards-setting organizations), including ITU, ETSI, IEEE, ATIS T1, TIA, and IETF, not to mention the myriad of consortia created to push for various communications standards. The fact is, standards are ubiquitous. GSM (Global Systems for Mobile Communications) telephones, for example, rest on more than 150 patents, and Tim Berners-Lee estimates that 30 patented processes are invoked with each mouse click used to access the Web.1
Indeed, our greatest risk going forward may be that we have far too many standards organizations, each with its own set of internal conflicts and an often inconsistent set of goals. Finally, China has declared that it is creating new standards for telecommunications and home A/V. In May 2004, the 9/11 Commission concluded the lack of standards and interoperability among communications, emergency response, law enforcement, and firefighting bodies was a significant factor in dealing with the disaster. Like other interoperating bodies, the newly created Office of Homeland Security is overseen by over 90 Congress-ional committees.
Still, when implemented in an appropriate way at the proper time, standards can do much to reduce wasteful, redundant product development—thus freeing up resources that can instead be dedicated to fresh, inventive work. For evidence of just how much of a difference this can make, you need look no further than the great PC revolution of the 1980s.
Rob Gingell, Sun Microsystems’ chief engineer, provides a good sense of the positive impact well-crafted, well-timed standards can have with these observations on the economic ecology:2
1. A standard delineates a point of homogeneity, enabling heterogeneity, change, and unbridled innovation in other areas.
2. A standard is a specification to which an artifact conforms, not an implementation.
3. A standard is more important for how it affects the consumer than for what it offers.
4. A standard has a community—apply it only to affect that community, and expect it only to affect that community.
5. A standard is as strong as its enforcement mechanism, though this varies with time.
6. Consumer investments are never to be undone by a standard.
7. Innovation to the standard must come with “skin in the game.”
8. Innovation must be “within chaotic range” of the standard.
9. The lifetime of a standard is limited to the time it enables innovation in its connected areas.
Back in the early 1980s, I looked out over a fragmented market cluttered with all manner of proprietary hardware and software platforms created by a multitude of organizations in hopes of defining the personal computer, the workstation, and all the other small systems that made use of a variety of microprocessors, bus interconnects, and dialects of Unix and other operating systems. It was not a particularly reassuring view. So I found myself wondering: Was this disconnected, overlapping mess the result of a lack of industry leadership or simply a shortage of capable engineers?
There was good reason in those days to question whether our field was ever going to grow up. On the one hand, hardware and software vendors alike continued to act as if the mainframe era had never ended—as they churned out one proprietary product after another in hopes of locking in a second generation of unwary customers. Meanwhile, some vendors were doing their very best to influence, redirect, or subvert existing standards so as to better serve their own proprietary interests. One particularly irritating example came in the form of the many different proprietary extensions created by vendors for languages such as Fortran and SQL—virtually all of these extensions, of course, having been designed with an eye to carving out monopoly franchises.
To some degree, this is only to be expected. Companies and even countries, after all, can always be counted on to seek out their best advantage by whatever means. Conventional business school logic argues that standard products are bad, since the only way to differentiate one from another is by price—which inevitably leads to ruinous price-cutting. Although I don’t believe that is necessarily true in an industry such as ours where product life expectancies are exceptionally brief, most MBA-bearing executives certainly believed it to be true in the early 1980s. But they were also painfully aware of all those bothersome customers that kept insisting on the adoption and support of industry standards. The obvious solution for some vendors was to throw their support behind faux standards, containing cloaked, yet potent, proprietary advantages designed to serve their own interests. This was particularly evident in the Unix community, where all manner of company-specific dialects sprouted up like so many weeds. Owing either to arrogance or innocence (or possibly both), the vendors that played the faux standards game all made the fatal assumption that most of the buyers could be fooled most of the time.
Of course, these vendors succeeded only in deluding themselves. That’s because it’s been shown time and again that genuine standards created to serve the true interests of consumers will also generally end up serving the best interests of vendors. Many examples reaffirm this principle, and I’ll continue to cite them as this article unfolds. But let’s pause briefly here to consider faux standards such as SQL and Unix/Posix that failed to provide for the testing of interoperability and thus became little more than meaningless check-box requirements. Now compare that with serious networking protocols such as TCP/IP, HTTP/HTML, XML, and SOAP, each of which demands real interoperability across a wide variety of different products (since, otherwise, nothing would work). Note also that with each of these networking examples, the customer’s need for a commodity standard (something that can effectively guarantee at least two sources for each required product), interoperability, and stability have been ably satisfied through the introduction of reasonable standards. It turns out that vendor interests have also subsequently benefited as the market in each of these areas has experienced substantial growth.
Further note that each of the standards indicated here—faux, legitimate, or otherwise—is limited to some horizontal level of integration common to many different types of applications and product-segmented industries. This wasn’t true of the earliest de facto, vendor-dominated computing standards, which were characterized instead by complete vertical integration. That is, vendors went to market with systems that consisted entirely of proprietary circuits, system designs, peripherals, operating systems, languages, applications, and content. It wasn’t until languages such as Fortran and Cobol surfaced that multivendor standards started to emerge.
Each of the successful standards that has followed has similarly been limited to just one stratum. For example, SQL was intended to operate strictly at the middleware level; Unix/Posix was an operating system standard designed explicitly to be both application- and platform-agnostic (although, ironically, the need for interoperability between different flavors of Unix was blithely overlooked); and TCP/IP, HTTP/HTML, XML, and SOAP have been intended all along to work only at the network protocol level.
There’s also a Darwinian dimension to all this since, in some respect, it could be said that in the first three decades of commercial computing, DEC, Hewlett Packard, IBM, and Sun used the vertical-integration approach to artificially bolster the sales of inherently weak products (disks, for example). You could argue that they managed to hide some second-rate, high-margin products in the stack—and those, by and large, were products that probably could never have survived on their own. In a world dominated by horizontal standards, though, weak products have fewer places to hide. Generally, they live or die on their own merits, with only the strongest surviving long enough to spawn offspring. According to the Darwinian view, this is an effective way of ensuring that only the best technological genes are propagated.
There’s something else the evolution of computing standards has in common with the evolution of species: the fact that timing is everything. Even the cleanest specification pitched at an important level of integration won’t have much of an impact unless it surfaces at just the right time. We can thank MIT’s Dave Clark, one of the people who helped define the Internet and continues to lead standards efforts as a member of the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force), for an eloquent explanation of why this is so:
Standards setting sits in a boring trough between two exciting peaks. The first is the peak of technical innovation, and the second is the billion-dollar investment or market. The problem is that there is not enough space or time in the trough to get the job done. As soon as someone sees the opportunity for a billion-dollar investment, they trample you from behind. They complain that standards setting takes too long, but there is no way it could happen fast enough once an investor gets the idea behind the technical innovation. So in that respect, standards setting is a thankless task.3
The evolution of browser interfaces gives us an excellent example of just how much progress can be impeded by the lack of effective standards. Even though both Microsoft’s Internet Explorer and Netscape’s Navigator browsers were licensed from the same basic source at the University of Illinois, each evolved over time to incorporate many wholly incompatible features. As a consequence, both products had to be repeatedly retrofitted to adapt to something the other one offered—an exercise in futility that was wasteful for the vendors and maddening for the users.
It also bears mention that a standard has a far better chance of making a real impact if no royalty is charged to those who employ it. You’d think this would go without saying, but, sadly, it doesn’t. For example, the fact that Xerox was willing to provide a royalty-free license for its Ethernet technology proved to be a significant factor contributing to the general adoption of 802.11. In contrast, IBM paid an inventor for the Token Ring patent, and ultimately that royalty worked to erode support for the ring’s adoption.
The last two decades have provided us with plenty of lessons regarding how to go about setting standards—as well as how not to do it. In the paragraphs that follow, I relate some of the lessons I’ve learned along the way. Please note that these “rules” are by no means complete—nor even necessarily consistent—but they do fairly represent the observations I’ve been able to make over a lifetime of deep involvement in the game.
You get no product, technology, or standard before its time. The market’s readiness for a given standard and the wherewithal to actually implement the standard depend on both the state of technical development in the area of interest and the availability of sufficient processing speed, memory, storage size, and network bandwidth to support the capabilities in question. Although it’s safe to assume rapid increases in computing power and capacity, some proponents—in their enthusiasm to promote one technology or another—have gone so far as to assume advances beyond those suggested by Moore’s law. This is almost never a good idea. Thus, for example, people pushing for object-oriented programming standards in 1990 were disappointed to discover that they were somewhat ahead of the curve for the underlying technology.
Conversely, Microsoft decided in that same year to scuttle its program to develop pen-based computing capabilities, not long after the pen-based computing startup GO had decided to close its doors. Microsoft took quite a lot of flak for that, but notice that Palm’s first pen-based system didn’t come out until some years later—and even then only because the company decided to live with some rather severe compromises in the user interface. It wasn’t until 2002 that Microsoft finally released its first tablet computer capable of recognizing a range of cursive handwriting, prompting industry observer Stewart Alsop to comment, “If GO had ever been given the chance, they would have succeeded.”4 It’s worth noting, however, that Microsoft’s tablet computers packed more than 50 times as much processing power and 100 times as much memory as was available with the earliest GO systems.
My point here is simply that a truly useful pen-based computer was not really feasible in 1990, given the processing speeds, memory sizes, and algorithms available to system designers of the day—a point that even the New York Times technology reporter John Markoff missed when he later revisited the history of pen computing.5 A similar scenario confronts today’s promoters of RFID (radio frequency identification) tag technology, who optimistically look past the cost and reliability problems that stubbornly refuse to go away. Mind you, I believe those problems will ultimately be overcome—but not until that technology’s time has come (and I don’t believe that time is quite yet).
Ultimately, each high-volume information technology product becomes a commodity distributed free of charge or given away with something else. When a new technology—a video encoder, for example—is introduced, it often will come in the form of after-market, add-on hardware aimed at a few specialized, high-end markets. As system power and capacity grows in accordance with Moore’s law, however, software implementations of those same capabilities will generally get rolled into new systems at no apparent extra charge. A familiar example is offered by all the new capabilities for processing video and audio streams that have been introduced over the years. You’ve probably noticed yourself just how short the shelf-life of those add-on cards tends to be. Well, there’s a law that explains that: Bell’s law, developed to describe how Moore’s law works to create entirely new computer classes. Its chief tenet is that, about every decade, a new computer class forms whereby the same functionality of a previous class can be delivered, but at approximately one-tenth the price the previous class commanded 10 years earlier. The new offering typically will include a new platform, a new network, and a new interface that allows new applications.
Once a technology has been proven in a hardware implementation, it proceeds to be implemented in software running on high-performance processors, which in turn continues to evolve at an even faster rate until it can finally be implemented as a zero-cost option on small areas of silicon and iron oxide. Is there no end to the bad news for patent holders of algorithms (for example, a codec)? Once a capability has been implemented as software, it essentially slips from their grasp—both technically and in terms of their ability to extract a revenue stream. That’s because the technology starts evolving from that point forward at the rate described in Moore’s law for software. In many instances, in fact, the rate of software progress has actually exceeded Moore’s law—at the rate of 60 percent per year for some programs and algorithms.
One reason for this brisk rate of change is that the software development market offers exceedingly low barriers to entry. That is, since it doesn’t take much capital to start new operations, you get plenty of players and thus some extremely vigorous competition. But in this dog-eat-dog world, the question arises: How do you best manage this brutal evolutionary process for the benefit of all? And this, of course, brings us back to the central premise of this article: standards still have a very important role to play, as with the plethora of audio and video codecs.
People buy products, not protocols or algorithms. A little more than a decade ago, it looked as if the people who developed MPEG coding would make a bundle since, at the time, encoding and decoding files required a special off-board processor. Before long, however, CPUs powerful enough to handle the MPEG processing on their own came to market, suddenly extinguishing any demand for special MPEG chips. Because this also had the effect of eliminating any place for patent royalties to “hide,” fantasies of fortunes to be derived from MPEG were quickly dispelled.
Similarly, you have to wonder whether an organization such as Real Audio will be able to maintain any royalty stream since wire protocols have proven to be notoriously poor places to collect royalties. The Dolby patents, on the other hand, perhaps present us with an exception—or possibly a proof by way of exception—since the Dolby methods for processing sound have spanned the gamut from reel-to-reel tape to theatre sound systems—generating a strong IP revenue stream at each point along the technology curve. Any hopes for future Dolby-like success stories, though, dim in light of the vast number of overlapping patents and standards-setting organizations that currently compete to regulate IP. Frankly, I see this as perhaps our greatest current and future threat to innovation. The SSOs represent a double whammy, as several organizations and even countries can—and often do—claim jurisdiction over a new invention or standard and then proceed to set conflicting goals and constraints.
Either make the standard or follow the standard. To understand and appreciate the reason for this rule, you need look no further than the PC revolution. After the Intel x86 architecture initially emerged as a standard at the processor level, standards at the peripherals, system packaging, and operating system levels emerged over the next few years and continued to evolve. What came of all that was an industry that took off with tremendous propulsion. Contrary to the common wisdom of the early 1980s, which argued that any standardization would tend only to inhibit innovation, the PC phenomenon provided for tremendous innovation at each horizontal layer in the architecture. In contrast to the classic vertically integrated architectures of the preceding three decades, where a single manufacturer defined everything from the silicon level up to the applications and content levels, the PC architecture simply specified the interfaces between each of the different layers. This had the advantage of ensuring a large overall market, while also leaving considerable room for innovation and competition at each level (chip, operating system, language, network, applications, and content).
Meanwhile, hardware manufacturers such as Hewlett-Packard, IBM, and Sun continued to follow a vertical strategy where their mid-range systems were concerned. Although they did quite well, we can say in retrospect that they didn’t fare nearly as well as did their counterparts in the PC world. That’s because they ended up on the wrong side of the economies-of-scale equation and so were faced with costs as much as 10 times greater than those in the PC world, and they also ended up realizing performance gains over time that paled in comparison with those achieved in the PC camp.
If you set out to create your own standard, make sure it’s one that will stick. Why not just go for it? Because when you try to set the standard yourself but fail, you get an opportunity to do two implementations instead of one. Still, either way, at the end of the day you’ve got to throw all your weight behind the standard that ultimately prevails. The direction of the x86 architecture, with its current extensions to 64 bits, is a case in point—with the end yet to be determined. Almost a decade ago, Intel began working with HP to create a new architecture to extend the x86 for 64-bit addresses. But that platform proved to be so complex, so difficult to compile for, and so burdened with patents that no one could technically, financially, or legally afford to create an alternative implementation.
In the current instance, AMD has created a 64-bit, upward-compatible, evolutionary extension that builds on the x86 legacy. So Intel has been forced to backtrack and create an AMD-compatible processor. The next chapter of the story will likely come one or two generations from now with Intel providing very complex chips that implement both processors, while AMD provides dies that produce many more of their simple processors.
Be prepared to react and follow once the standard changes. Over the course of the PC revolution, IBM had to learn this lesson the hard way. First, once the PC really started to take off, Big Blue tried to take control by creating a new bus for the PC architecture. This succeeded only in driving business away as customers made it clear they’d really prefer to stick with the de facto—and wholly license-free—standard bus architecture. IBM grudgingly was forced to follow along. Not to be deterred indefinitely, however, the company later tried much the same gambit up at the operating system level with an attempt to displace DOS with OS/2. Once again, the battle was lost—at a tremendous cost in market share in a market that was growing more lucrative by the day. IBM seems to have finally learned its lesson since it now is out in front of the effort to make Linux a common operating system standard—and it would appear this is working out nicely for IBM, as well as for the Linux community as a whole.
But there’s also another possible strategy. Apple, for example, is to be congratulated for having not followed the PC standard. That’s because it wanted to have complete control over its own architecture—which indeed over the years has continued to offer a significant and meaningful alternative to the PC.
The point here is that deviations from the norm are essential for the sake of progress. That said, those organizations that choose to embark on this path must be cognizant of the risks, since spectacular failure is not only a possibility but also a likelihood. Note also that “meaningful deviations” does not refer just to the mere repackaging of old ideas or to the creation of alternative approaches for simple functions. A meaningful deviation is something that’s both sweeping in scope and well considered—ultimately yielding some new capability that branches off from the ordinary to create an entirely new evolutionary path.
Always bear in mind that “better” is the enemy of “good enough.” The way in which the Ethernet standard has evolved over the years is extremely instructive. The initial physical layer and protocol definition came together quite quickly in response to a clear and present market requirement. Xerox and DEC were looking to employ Ethernet as the backbone of their respective product strategies—and Intel was looking forward to selling the chips. Moreover, the initial design was able to draw heavily on experience gained with Xerox PARC’s early LAN (local area network), and so could be developed expeditiously by just eight engineers from the three companies. The mere fact that a standard could be created with that much market clout right from the start was a monumental achievement in its own right.
By comparison, the actual implementation details related to modulation (broadband versus baseband) and topology (buses, rings, trees, or centralized switches) were of small consequence—chiefly because any cost or performance gains to be realized through optimization would obviously be dwarfed by what was to be gained by having a single standard to rally around. Nevertheless, variations on the earliest 802 series Ethernet definitions were legion, as one company after another came up with its own flavor in an effort to put its imprimatur on the standard or to use it as a point of market differentiation. All of this served only to confuse the market and delay work on the development of real Ethernet systems by at least five years—at an untold cost in wasted research money, lost productivity, and needless redundancy. Also, work on a 100-Mbps (megabit-per-second) version of the Ethernet standard was set back by at least five years while silly battles continued to be waged over the 10-Mbps standard.
Less truly is more. It may be that “more is merrier,” but in the standards realm, many merry folks almost never make for a happy result. In keeping with Fred Brooks’ rule of thumb, I believe the number of entities involved in any design process should be kept small—ideally, at least three, but never more than seven. That’s why I cringe at the very mention of using “consortia” or “alliances” to define standards. Frankly, these efforts are generally doomed right from the start for a variety of reasons:
• The best standards draw on a relatively narrow understanding of technology to address a fairly small problem set. As more and more players are invited to the party, things unravel as the effort tends to expand both in terms of design goals and constraints—leading at first to thrashing and ultimately to paralysis. Fortran offers an illuminating example here since a “big tent” approach to defining a standard version succeeded only in sidetracking the language’s evolution for decades.
• With consortia and alliances, there’s a disturbing tendency toward standards overlap. For example, the people working on a low-power, low-speed Bluetooth standard lost sight of the fact that their goal was to provide for wireless interconnect capabilities over a few meters. Thus, they ended up also trying to address the higher-power, higher-speed 802.11b challenge, intended to provide for interoperation at distances up to 50 meters. The results of this muddled focus proved predictably disastrous.
• Unless each participant in the standards process absolutely depends on the process succeeding, it most likely will fail. As evidence, consider just how many dilettantes managed to insinuate themselves into all the various Unix standards efforts. And look at what came out of that: total fragmentation. But, on a positive note, it did give rise to the canonical joke about standards: “The nicest thing about Unix standards is that there are so many to choose from.”
Standards should be based on real experience, not on committee designs. Perhaps an even better way of putting this would be: “If you haven’t actually lived with the design proposed as a standard, don’t adopt it.” The best way to establish whether a specification is real or not is to implement several alternative interfaces. In fact, the IETF has set just such a rule for itself, holding that no standard can be created unless there already are at least two interoperating implementations. Similarly, computer users who hope to use a particular standard to leverage their buying power should always take care to test their systems on two separate implementations before deciding whether to link their fates to that standard. The Grid community in particular would be well advised to adopt just such a discipline before wedding itself to standards that define its future. Unfortunately, the Grid software is being done in a monopolistic fashion by a few government labs and not in the fashion of IETF.
The fewer standards, the better. A common aim for all standards should be to unify a whole set of variables. In my book, a “set” should ideally consist of more than two parts. The idea, in other words, is to leave as little room as possible for other standards, because having too many standards is like not having any standards at all. Recall, for example, the absolute torrent of 802 LAN standards that issued forth during the early 1980s. It seemed that every company, consortium, or committee had its own particular flavor of the month. In the original paper defining the Ethernet spec, I argued for LAN standard birth control to prevent just such madness. Ultimately, of course, we ended up with only one Ethernet LAN standard.
Things proved much tidier over on the bus front, largely because of the sheer complexity of the chip/board interface and the fact that Intel had an interconnect standard it wanted to push. Now we find ourselves faced with a plethora of mobile standards and protocols, all of which are tainted with built-in proprietary advantages for one vendor or another. The ultimate effect of this will simply be to push back the time when it will truly be possible to migrate to a mobile Web, which is unfortunate for vendors and users alike.
I started this article by outlining several areas of burgeoning technological innovation that appear to be ripe for new and evolving standards. But, as I hope I’ve managed to illustrate, those areas need to be approached with some restraint since too many standards are at least as bad as none at all. Hence, to guard against that danger, I think the time has come to declare a moratorium on creating even more consortia and SSOs than we already have. I also think it’s high time that we insist that no standard be exposed to double jeopardy. That is, one committee per standard should suffice. Period.
That said, the convergence of traditional telecommunications and the Web already is well under way, yet we have no standards for IP telephony on which to build the collaboration tools that people are clamoring for. Similarly, standards for messaging, video telephony, and video collaboration are presently notable by their absence.
Anyone looking to develop products that bridge the computing and home entertainment realms, meanwhile, face a hodge-podge of requirements: the audio/video standards that apply in the consumer electronics industry, the digital rights management demands of the entertainment industry, and the communication standards that have been adopted in the computing industry—most particularly USB (universal serial bus) and 802.11x. Somehow, all this complexity must be controlled so all developers and manufacturers can finally have a chance to read from the same sheet of music.
Finally, in the wireless sensor network area, while various IEEE standards are in process and several early products are just starting to emerge, nothing yet delivers the sort of performance and reliability capable of spawning a robust industry. This has created an aura of uncertainty, which in all likelihood will abide until sufficiently robust technology begins to emerge. Then, and only then, can standardization begin in earnest. To push those efforts prematurely is to hope vainly that standards and consortia can somehow drive the technology to maturity. But those of us who have been around long enough to see history repeat itself a few times can attest that it actually must be the technology that drives the standard. It just doesn’t work any other way.
This article is dedicated to all the engineers who devote their energy to working on standards so as to create a more orderly environment for the benefit of all.
1. Cargill, C.F. The Sisyphus Agenda: Standardization as a guardian of innovation. In The Standards Edge: Dynamic Tension, ed. S. Bolin, 31-46. Sheridan Books, 2004.
2. Gingell, R. Standards as economic ecology: A system in tension. In The Standards Edge: Dynamic Tension, ed. S. Bolin, 7-14. Sheridan Books, 2004.
3. In this passage, excerpted from a recent e-mail (February 23, 2004), MIT’s Dave Clark recalls a presentation about standards setting that he made approximately 15 to 20 years ago.
4. Markoff, J. Silicon Valley’s dream tablet, from Microsoft. New York Times, Nov. 6, 2002.
5. Markoff, J. Newly released documents shed light on Microsoft tactics. New York Times, Mar. 24, 2004.
GORDON BELL spent 23 years (1960-1983) at DEC (Digital Equipment Corporation) as vice president of research and development. He was the architect of various mini-computers and time-sharing systems (including the PDP-6) and led the development of DEC’s VAX and VAX Computing Environment. Altogether, Bell has been involved in—or responsible for—the design of many products at Digital, Encore, Ardent, and a score of other companies. Currently, he is a senior researcher in Microsoft’s Media Presence Research Group, located in the company’s Bay Area Research Center (BARC). He previously wrote about this topic 20 years ago: Bell, C. G. Standards can help us. Computer 17, 6 (June 1984), 71-78; http://research.microsoft.com/users/GBell/gbvita.htm.
© 2004 ACM 1542-7730/04/0600 $5.00
Originally published in Queue vol. 2, no. 6—
see this item in the ACM Digital Library
- Getting Bigger Reach Through Speech
Mark Ericson, vice president of product strategy for BlueNote Networks argues that in order to take advantage of new voice technologies you have to have a plan for integrating that capability directly into the applications that drive your existing business processes.
Douglas C. Sicker, Tom Lookabaugh - VoIP Security: Not an Afterthought
Voice over IP (VoIP) promises to up-end a century-old model of voice telephony by breaking the traditional monolithic service model of the public switched telephone network (PSTN) and changing the point of control and provision from the central office switch to the end user's device.
Sudhir R. Ahuja, Robert Ensor - VoIP: What is it Good for?
VoIP (voice over IP) technology is a rapidly expanding field. More and more VoIP components are being developed, while existing VoIP technology is being deployed at a rapid and still increasing pace. This growth is fueled by two goals: decreasing costs and increasing revenues.
James E. Coffman - Not Your Father's PBX?
Perhaps no piece of office equipment is more taken for granted than the common business telephone. The technology behind this basic communication device, however, is in the midst of a major transformation. Businesses are now converging their voice and data networks in order to simplify their network operations and take advantage of the new functional benefits and capabilities that a converged network delivers from greater productivity and cost savings to enhanced mobility.
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October 9, 1986 | Executive Memorandum on Energy and Environment
WHY THE SUPERFUND PORK BARREL ..DESERVES A VETO.As Congress prepares for the October recess, lawmakers have just rushed through a $9-billion Superfund reauthorization bill. Although its d efenders try to present the Superfund reauthorization as decisive action by Congress to address a matter of urgent national importance, the legislation is in fact one of the worst examples of budget-busting pork barrel politics in recent history. And in t h eir haste to create this lucrative source of local public works projectst lawmakers have also established a whole new category of business "surtaxes" designed to raise over $2.7 billion, and a further $2.75 billion in taxes on the hard-pressed petroleum i n dustry. It is hard to imagine a bill more deserving of a presidential veto than this ill-considered measure, which has much to do with narrow political interests, and very little to do with the public interest. Although there is a general consensus on the need to have the- federal government assist in the clean-up of abandoned hazardous waste sites, there are in fact only a very small number of toxic waste dumps that pose an urgent and expensive problem. Yet the proponents of the legislation give the impre s sion that the whole country is awash with dangerous chemicals, dumped by unknown polluters. In fact, in most instances the parties responsible for the hazardous wastes are known, and can be required to spend their own money to ensure that the wastes do no t leak into the environment--in accordance with the "polluter' pays" principle which traditionally has guided environmental policy in the United States. The new Superfund bill, however, would abandon this longstanding and just concept and tax corporations a s though all were guilty. The Environmental Protection Agency has testified before Congress that it could not efficiently spend the money Congress wants to give it. There simply are not enough engineers, construction firms with appropriate skills, and sci entists to manage such enormous outlays. That means the program is destined to result in waste and abuse--a sad
testament to-the lack of congressional determination to control public spending.
The pork barrel nature of the legislation is enhanced by the vague definitions it employs in determining just which sites would qualify for Superfund financing. The terms "abandoned" and "hazardous" are defined in a way that makes their meaning open to br o ad interpretation. This means that any state or local government wishing to avoid the costs of finding a polluter or of cleaning up a local dumpsite would have the incentive simply to declare the dump an "abandoned hazardous waste site" and lay claim to " free" federal money. Thus the bill would discourage the decisive local action needed to end the general problem of hazardous dumps.
The new bill would also create a dangerous precedent by establishing several new taxes to finance thi pork barrel program. A mong the worst is a profits and earnings tax, which would be assessed on most manufacturing firms. The tax is expected to raise $2.7 billion initially, by providing a new mechanism to extract money from American corporations, adding to the corporate tax b u rden imposed under the new tax law. But it would also open the door to future tax increases to finance additional spending projects. Moreover, Superfund taxes on the petroleum industry would rise over a five-year period from the current $200 million to $2 .75 billion. As part of this tax increase, the bill would impose an oil'import duty.
Despite the attempts of Superfund extension proponents to portray a veto as an attack on the environment, it would in fact be a blow against the pork barrel disguised in e nvironmental clothing. The President should make clear to the Congress that he will not gave in to their attempts to blackmail him by portraying the Administration as anti-environment. He should not hesitate to veto the bill, and issue a public demand tha t Congress come back instead with a bill more in keeping both with his earlier $5.3 billion request and with the true dimensions of the problem.
Milton R. Copulos Senior Policy AnalystF or further information- "Toxic Superfund Waste," The Wall Street Journal, October 7, 1986. Nfilton R. Copulos, "The Many Hazards of a Mega-Superf und," Heritage Foundation Backarounder No. 440, June 10, 1985.
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A major medical emergency has never occurred on the International Space Station - but what would happen if it did? And what lessons could be learnt for treating similar emergencies on Earth?
When Tim Peake blasted into orbit in December, he knew that the 40 hours of medical training he'd received would prepare him for most health problems during his six-month stay on the International Space Station.
In addition to life-saving skills, he had been taught how to stitch a wound, give an injection and even extract a tooth.
According to Nasa, this training would prepare him and his crew members for the most common medical problems faced on the ISS - like motion sickness, headaches, back pain, skin conditions, burns and dental emergencies.
But faced with a far more serious medical emergency - what would they do?
The medical kit on the ISS is basic. It contains a first aid kit, a large book of medical conditions and some useful medical equipment including a defibrillator, a portable ultrasound, a device for looking deep into the eye and two litres of saline.
Although their lightweight ultrasound device can generate very clear pictures of the inside of the human body, and relay them to a medical team back on Earth for help with diagnosis, there would be no means of fixing the underlying problem on the ISS.
Dr David Green, senior lecturer in aerospace physiology at Kings College London, says a better option would be to return the patient to Earth in the Soyuz spacecraft docked to the ISS, a journey of around three-and-a-half hours. But that's far from straightforward.
"They have limited resources on the ISS but there are no life support facilities on Soyuz either. If it's a good flight back they could experience a g-force of 4g-5g on re-entry into Earth's atmosphere. That's pretty unpleasant for a healthy individual, never mind someone who's critically ill."
The health and fitness of all astronauts is very closely monitored in the months before launch by a flight surgeon who looks after them and their family before, during and after their six-month stay on the ISS.
In a control centre on the ground, a team is constantly monitoring the astronauts, collecting data on everything from the exercise they are doing to what they are eating.
As a result, Dr Green says, the risk of an astronaut developing a serious illness and needing intensive care is very small, but it is still around 1% to 2% per person per year.
So it is likely to happen sooner or later.
Look to the skies
The challenges of coping with serious medical emergencies are not just confined to the ISS.
Dr Fred Papali, who works in critical care medicine at the University of Maryland, US, and has spent time working in emergency wards in hospitals in Haiti and south Sudan, says there are lessons to be learnt for many remote, rural regions on Earth.
He sees parallels between the isolation of the ISS and some rural areas in low-income countries, where health care services are lacking.
"In many parts of the world, basic emergency and acute medical facilities just don't exist. It's challenging because the doctors there don't have experience or training... and patients are often clinging on to life with their pinky."
He has witnessed how hospitals with no running water and no electricity saved lives using ultrasound to make quick diagnoses in medical emergencies.
"It's a simple and revolutionary technology which can look more deeply," he says.
Dr Papali also says that the use of telemedicine - the remote treatment of patients by a doctor using an electronic video or audio link, which is so vital in space - should be more widespread in the developing world.
When an internet connection is all that is needed in a remote location to dial up an experienced doctor to ask for advice or to access information, "very cheap interventions can make a difference between life and death".
It is no real surprise that aerospace technology can benefit communities in disaster zones, in high-altitude areas, and in remote and isolated villages on terra firma.
Their needs are very similar. Medical devices in space must be small, light, robust, smart and low in power consumption. The same is true in remote regions.
So Nasa and the European Space Agency have made it their business to share the benefits of any innovations in aerospace technology with the wider medical and science community.
Training people to use the technology correctly is important too. Just as Tim Peake has been trained to use medical equipment and act like a space paramedic, similar training can be given to people in areas where there are shortages of doctors and healthcare workers, for example in sub-Saharan Africa.
To boldly go...
As manned space missions are planned to the Moon, Mars and beyond, the need to improve emergency medical care in space increases even more.
Making a qualified doctor part of the crew might help with the problem of dealing with medical emergencies thousands of miles from home. It worked for the crew of the Starship Enterprise in Star Trek. But would carrying out emergency surgery in space be realistic?
At present, operations would be impractical in micro gravity because blood and fluids would leak out of the patient's body (which is three-quarters water), float around, infect other astronauts and contaminate the spacecraft.
Scientists in the US have been testing the idea of placing a transparent dome over a wound and then filling it with fluid, such as saline solution, to stem the blood flow. It could stop the bleeding or give a surgeon time to seal the wound.
Nasa is also planning to turn robots into space surgeons. The Robonaut 2 is already on board the ISS and the aim is that it performs basic medical functions which can be remotely controlled from Earth. Eventually the hope is that it could be programmed to carry out complicated surgery - but this is still some way off.
On long-duration space missions there would be a need for smarter medical devices, medications with a much longer shelf life and more extensive medical training.
It's a long way to Mars, and with a time delay of about 20 minutes each way when communicating with Earth, speedy medical advice won't be possible.
Space medicine experts have their work cut out - but you wouldn't bet against them coming up with an innovative solution which could benefit everyone.
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Makale özeti ve diğer detaylar.
Present study aims to detect the acquisition levels of the responsibility training projected in primary education eighth class students' curriculums. This is a descriptive and quantitative research executed via scanning model. Research data have been compiled from total 289 students in eighth class within 15 primary education schools in Kırşehir city center as well as 93 teachers. Research data have been obtained via "Personal Information Form" and the scale developed by researchers. Arithmetic means (), standard deviation (Ss), independent sampling t test, variance analysis (ANOVA) and LSD tests have been conducted on the data. p>0,05 level has been the acknowledged level of significance. At the end of research it has been concluded that students consider themselves in a better position compared to their teachers; while income levels bring about meaningful differentiations in student evaluations, in teacher evaluations no differentiation with respect to independent variables has been met. It has also been detected that particular emphasis should be rendered to improve Social and Academic responsibilities of students particularly.
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What was your inspiration behind the book?
Barry and Gerry: We think that when someone brings home a companion animal, they are making a lifetime commitment. Animals humanize us and remind us of our obligations and responsibilities to each other. We believe that planning in advance for a companion animal’s well-being (even when its owner is sick or has passed away) is a moral obligation.
What was your inspiration behind the book?
We intended our book, “Fat Cats & Lucky Dogs,” to be a vehicle for sharing information and ideas; for providing guidance to those who would like to explore various planning possibilities; and for stimulating companion animal caregivers to take action while they are able to do so.
We believe that addressing this important topic for everyone concerned with a companion animal’s care, and for all animal lovers, will provide this valuable information to animal owners who need it. We also believe that the book would contribute to reducing the number of orphaned and euthanized pets.
Although our book is U.S.-focused, we believe it will serve as a valuable resource and have general applications in all English common law areas of the world
Why is it essential for pet owners to leave a part of their estate to their pets?
Barry and Gerry: Caretakers of companion animals need to ensure their pets will have an acceptable future.
To do that, they have to choose the right caregiver and establish the amount of money that will be needed to support their companion animal. To achieve these goals, they have to make use of various legal tools and systems. Failure to attend to these matters in a timely manner can lead to disaster for one’s companion animal.
Our book outlines the diverse legal challenges that exist in most jurisdictions in terms of providing any absolute guarantees that a pet owner’s wishes (regarding his or her pet’s future) will be followed. It covers how best to deal with these challenges.
Out of the many strategies/advice that are mentioned in the book, which one would you pick as the most important?
Barry and Gerry: Start now and develop a plan.
Depending on what poll you refer to – more than half of all people do not have a will or even a simple plan in place for continuing care for their pet(s). Once you put a plan in place, explain it to your family members – what you are doing and why. Talk it over with them.
When family members are excluded from this information and only find out what you have planned when your will is read, they may be upset and feel snubbed in favor of your pet. They may challenge your will.
We can’t stress enough the importance of having a plan and putting it into place while a pet owner is still capable.
One of the most common mistakes, or false assumptions that people make when thinking about what will happen to their pets after they die, is that a friend or relative will automatically take their pet. The fact is, a friend or relative may give it away, take it to a shelter or sell it. If your companion animal is inherently a financially valuable animal, the court may decide who ultimately gets your pet. It may be someone whom you would never have wanted to have your companion animal!
What was the most difficult part about writing the book?
Barry and Gerry: It was disturbing when our research established that a great many people fail to make proper provisions for their companion animals (and families) and consequently, the large number of pets that end up homeless or in shelters. Most of these are euthanized.
What was the most rewarding part of writing the book?
Barry and Gerry: That our message, efforts and seminars may be in some small way motivate pet owners to take action while they are able and hence help reduce the number of orphaned and euthanized pets.
What type of feedback have you received so far?
Barry and Gerry: Certain media personalities wrote to us. Ed Asner wrote and said in part:
I’m pleased you sent me an early copy of what I see as a most welcome and entertaining book and most needed … and the guides and help you offer as … expertise are most needed. Thank you for the bright style of your info and all the help you provide for all of us.
Martha Stewart wrote and said in part:
Thank you or sending me a copy of your book “Fat Cats & Lucky Dogs.” I look forward to reading it on my next vacation. It is so nice to see other animal lovers taking the time to instruct people on how to care for their pet’s well being.
Generally speaking, everyone who has bought our book has been pleased with its contents and information.
What is your writing process?
Barry and Gerry: Over a period of many years, we collected relevant information, reviewed existing cases, as well as significant legislation.
We gathered examples from Barry’s private law practice and Gerry’s academic research and teaching, and wove it together with data about companion animals and created what we hope is a valuable resource and enjoyable book to read.
We also included an extensive set of supplementary material that covers pets throughout history, pets of the rich and/or famous, expected lifespan of various types of pets, problems affecting exotic animals, sample will provisions for pets, U.S. state pet trust statutes, sample pet trust provisions, after-death services for pets, virtual pet cemeteries and memorial sites, pet loss support resources, animal retirement homes and more.
Do you own a cat or other pets? Tell us about them!
Barry: At home, we currently have a blue tongue skink lizard called Baloo and a python snake called Viper, both of whom are owned by our 24-year-old son. We also have a small brown rat called Lucky, owned by our 18-year-old daughter. They are supposed to be fully responsible for both the care and planning for their pets, but all six of our children are now away at universities or colleges.
Up until about a few years ago, we also had a family dog who was a Coton de Tulear (my third dog) called Hippy. Prior to that, we had two Boxers consecutively called Rebel and Rocky and we have had a multitude of birds, a rabbit called Oreo and a hamster. I have cared for and loved animals all my life.
Have you written any other books?
Barry: I have. There are three other books I have authored and co-authored. One was a serious book about estate planning for people, called “No-One Should Have An Unplanned Death.” The other two were light-hearted and dealt with humorous, strange and bizarre lawsuits called “It takes Two Judges To Try A Cow” and “The Other F-Word.”
Gerry: I am a frequent contributor to both scholarly and practice-orientated publications and have authored and co-authored numerous books and articles focusing on various aspects of estate planning, including a two-volume treatise on Texas wills law and a nationally-marketed estate planning casebook published by the West, a Thomson business. In 1993, I received the Probate & Property Excellence in Writing Award for Best Cutting Edge Article for Probate and Trust as well as the 2001 Probate & Property Excellence in Writing Award for Best Overall Article in Probate and Trust. I have been the Keeping Current Probate editor for Probate & Property magazine since 1992.
Do your pets influence your writing?
Barry: Our pets influence more than just my writing – they have had a profound influence on my world view and how I see our relationship with animals in general.
Someone wiser than I said: “It is not just that animals make the world more scenic or picturesque. The lives of animals are woven into our very being – closer than our own breathing – and our soul will suffer when they are gone.” – Gary Kowalski, Author
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Routine and Productivity
Friends and clients alike often ask me how I mange to get so much done. I maintain two clinical practices, I am Principal of the oldest college of Hypnosis and Psychotherapy in the UK, I am Chair and a member of several committees. I am sure you get the picture. Many clients present to me with issues on motivation and productivity and I try to incorporate much of what I have learned in order to help my clients achieve their outcomes and goals.
I have mentioned before the importance of routine in terms of working with sleep issues and I have to say that this is true of productivity as well. Everyday, that includes holidays, I have my daily routine. I seldom deviate from it, unless I am ill. Keeping to this routine means I get everything I need to do done. Indeed, as I write this missive, it represents the first task in the day (except waking up, of course).
I help my clients to work out what routine suits them best and then use hypnosis as a means of reinforcing this into the individuals unconscious mind. Now this is not to say they do not have to put in the effort to maintain it. I do say that anecdotally hypnosis does make the process easier for most to achieve.
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Скопируйте код и вставьте его на свой сайт.
What do you know about Australia
Описание презентации по отдельным слайдам:
In Australia people speak English. But their English is not quite the same. In England people say Hello. But in Australia people say G’day. In England people say banana. But in Australia people say nana. In England people say English person. But in Australia people say pom. In England people say Have you eaten yet? (Present perfect. Yuck!) But in Australia people say Did you eat yet? (That’s much easier!) In England people say How are you? But in Australia people say How are you going? Not sandwiches, but cut lunch, not sausage, but snag. And they say chalkie instead of teacher!
We live in the Northern hemisphere and Australian seasons are the opposite of ours. If it is summer in the northern hemisphere, it is winter in Australia. If it is autumn in the northern hemisphere, it is spring in Australia. If it is winter in the northern hemisphere, it is summer in Australia. If it is spring in the northern hemisphere, it is autumn in Australia. So winter months in Australia are June, July and August. Spring months in Australia are September, October and November. Summer months in Australia are December, January and February. Autumn months in Australia are March, April and May. The hottest months in Australia are December, January and February. In these months they where shorts, T-shirts and sandals. And people spend a lot of time on the beach: swim,, play volleyball, go snorkelling or scuba diving or lie in the sun and do nothing. The coldest months are June, July and August – a perfect time for winter sports.
KOALA The koala lives in the eucalyptus forest (gum forest). Its name is an aborigine word. It means "no water“. Koalas don’t drink, they eat eucalyptus leaves. They sleep for 18 hours a day. Koalas are marsupial animals. KANGAROO When European explorers first saw these strange hopping animals they asked an aborigine what they were called. He replied "kangaroo“ ("I don't understand“) your question. The explorers thought this was the animal's name. And that's how the kangaroo got its name. The kangaroo has got a long tail, short front legs and a big pouch with a baby kangaroo in it. PLATYPUS The platypus lives on the riverbanks. It has a bill like a duck. The only mammal that lays eggs is the platypus. Platypuses eat shrimps, insects and worms.
26th January is a very special day in Australia. It’s Australia Day, the anniversary of the arrival the first ships from Great Britain. They celebrate everything about their country. At school pupils do projects and learn about the history of Australia. Most of Australians spend the holiday relaxing with family and friends. AUSTRALIA DAY CHRISTMAS In December it’s very hot in Australia and Australians spend Christmas day on the beach! They have barbecues. Australians surround themselves with Christmas Bush, a native plant with little red flowered leaves. At many beaches Santa Claus arrives on a surfboard.
THE AUSTRALIAN FLAG THE COAT OF ARMS «Advance Australia fair!» THE ANTHEM OF AUSTRALIA The Australian flag uses three symbols: the Union Flag the Commonwealth Star the Southern Cross . The Australian Coat of Arms consists of: the badges of the six states of the Commonwealth the Crest of the Arms the supporters of the Coat of Arms: the Kangaroo and the Emu.
The first inhabitants of Australia, called aborigines, believe that their people arrived in Australia when the Earth was created. They call their creation story "Dreamtime." During "Dreamtime" spirits rose from below the Earth and turned into nature (rocks, rivers, …) in Australia. Aborigines of Australia believe that these spirits are alive. The aboriginal culture represents nature. They have a traditional instrument called the didgeridoo. This is a BOOMERANG. The aborigines used it to hunt. There are also two types of boomerang, returning and non-returning. Nowadays the art of boomerang throwing is an international sport. ABORIGINAL DANCE ABORIGINAL PAINTINGS He is playing the DIDGERIDOO
ULURU (AIERS ROCK) It is a magnificent rock which changes colour during the day. It’s pink, orange, red, brown… The Pinnacles Desert is in Western Australia, in Nambung National Park. These pinnacles are 4 metres tall and they came from seashells. The best season to see the Pinnacles is spring from August to October. TASMANIA It is a beautiful island. You can visit beaches, national parks and mountains. THE PINNACLES DESERT It is more than 2000 km long. You can see lots of colourful fish and coral there. The reef is unforgettable. THE GREAT BARRIER REEF
HOBART is the capital of Tasmania. The biggest cities in Australia is SYDNEY, the capital of New South Wales. It is a big multicultural city. This is the famous opera house. MELBOURNE is the capital of Victoria. CANBERRA is the capital of Australia. This is Parliament House. ADELAIDE is the capital of South Australia.
I want to tell you about Mark. Mark is from Western Australia. He is twelve. He lives on a farm. Mark can’t go to school because there isn’t a school near the farm. The school is in the town of Albany 150 kilometres away. Mark watches TV to do his lessons. Every morning, he gets up at seven o’clock. He turns on his TV at half past eight. There is a video link to his school. Mark can see his friends in class and his teacher. He watches the lesson, so he learns the same things as the children in town. Every month, his teacher comes to the farm and studies with him. In the afternoon Mark often helps his father on the farm. He’s got a horse called Sprinter and he often rides him in the countryside. He loves his horse very much. But Mark doesn’t want to be a farmer. He has a dream He wants to be a pilot one day.
Name three unique Australian animals. How do Australians say “Hello”? What are summer month in Australia? When do Australians celebrate Australia day? What animals can you see on Australian coat of arms? What is the capital of Australia and what’s the biggest city? Does Mark go to school? How long is the Great Barrier Reef and how tall are the pinnacles in the Pinnacle Desert? What is the aboriginal traditional musical instrument?
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Software is, first and foremost, instructions to a computer. But it doesn’t just tell the computer what to compute; it also tells it what to display to the end user, everything from date and number formats to the images shown to draw in that user.
This is because a lot of what goes into software is aimed at people, not computers. And people, of course, don’t always speak English. Neither do they subscribe to one universal standard, be it in details like address formats or the payment gateways they’re used to.
According to Quartz, barely more than a quarter (27.3 percent) of web users were native speakers of English by 2010. Since 1996, Arabic speakers have increased by 25 times, and Chinese by a factor of 12. But that was then: today, Chinese speakers far outnumber their English counterparts on the internet.
There is no “global market” of people, either—only a world of many local markets. Hence, for your customers, software localization matters. Mistakes in localization and translation can leave your customers puzzled at best, and put off at worst. Here are six useful tips to make sure you can reach customers wherever they are:
1. Internationalize, Then Localize
The first, crucial step in localization is separating the parts of the software that will need to be localized – the parts aimed at people – from the parts that will be the same everywhere (such as internal computations). This process is called internationalization. By internationalizing code first, you make it easy to find the parts that need to be adjusted for each new local market later on.
2. Localize the Screen Layout
English and European languages are read left to right. Arabic and Hebrew are some of the right-to-left languages. East Asian languages are typically (but not exclusively) read top to bottom. These variants will influence how your customers “see” your screen layout: where they expect to see main points, versus supporting details, and so forth. This includes where images are best positioned.
3. Dates, Weights, Measures, and Currency
Quick, what month is 4/10/15 in? If you thought April, you’re following US date conventions. But in many European countries, that second number is October (People would also write “4 October,” not “October 4”). Currency is just as critical, not just for online payment, but for comparison shopping by potential customers. To avoid making your buyers memorize exchange rates, follow the conventions of their local market.
4. Professional Translation Is Your Best Bet
Computer languages are supposed to be precise, but human languages are filled with subtle nuances in meaning. Don’t expect rely on Google Translate for enterprise-critical content. Small errors can be glaringly obvious—and sometimes embarrassing—to your native speakers. Call on professionals to do this job correctly, and use translation software to organize and manage the process.
5. Know Your Customers’ Customs
Translation and localization aren’t just about words; they are also about cultural attitudes and values. Small missteps in these things can have big consequences, even sinking entire marketing projects before they get out of the port. When reaching out to a new local market or formulating a market penetration strategy, cultural sensitivity is a must.
6. Don’t Forget Image Translation
You may think that a particular picture conveys an universal emotion, but that really depends on your own culture. An image of happy European customers may not connect with potential Asian viewers. But you could do worse with images that may be sending a offensive message, unbeknownst to you. Images, like text, should be chosen for cultural appropriateness.
Doing software localization right can be a challenge. And let’s be honest: it involves some hard work. Following these six tips will make that work easier and more reliable. The reward for localizing and translating software? You’ll connect with people who would love to learn about your product or service. You just need to speak their language.
Image source: BigStock
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| 0.929578
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tr.v. in·clud·ed, in·clud·ing, in·cludes
1. To contain or take in as a part, element, or member.
2. To consider as part of or allow into a group or class: thanked the host for including us.
[Middle English includen, from Latin inclūdere, to enclose : in-, in; see IN-2 + claudere, to close.]
in·cluda·ble, in·cludi·ble adj.
Synonyms: include, comprise, comprehend, embrace, encompass
These verbs mean to take in or contain as part of something larger. Include often implies an incomplete listing: "Through the process of amendment, interpretation and court decision I have finally been included in 'We, the people'" (Barbara C. Jordan).
Comprise usually implies that all of the components are stated: The book comprises 15 chapters.
Comprehend, embrace, and encompass usually refer to the taking in of subordinate elements: My field of study comprehends several disciplines. This theory embraces many facets of human behavior. The debate encompassed all points of view.
Usage Note: The word include generally suggests that what follows is a partial list, not an exhaustive list, of the contents of what the subject refers to. Therefore a sentence like New England includes Connecticut and Rhode Island is acceptable, since it implies that there are states that are also a part of New England but are not mentioned in the list, and in fact this is correct. When a full enumeration is given, a different construction, such as one using comprise or consist of, must be used: New England comprises/consists of (not includes) Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine. There are cases, however, in which include does not rule out the possibility of a complete listing, as when the exact makeup of the subject is unknown or yet to be determined. Thus the sentence The bibliography should include all the journal articles you have used does not entail that the bibliography must contain something other than journal articles, though it does leave that possibility open. Another case in which the list following include may be exhaustive is when the list explicitly or implicitly describes what is not included. Thus, We decided to include only those artists who had written works within the last five years is acceptable, since the set of artists not included is implicitly defined as those who have not written works within the last five years. The same goes for cases of explicit exclusion from the list: My shopping list includes everything you told me to buy, and nothing else. See Usage Note at comprise.
The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition copyright ©2022 by HarperCollins Publishers. All rights reserved.
Indo-European & Semitic Roots Appendices
Thousands of entries in the dictionary include etymologies that trace their origins back to reconstructed proto-languages. You can obtain more information about these forms in our online appendices:
The Indo-European appendix covers nearly half of the Indo-European roots that have left their mark on English words. A more complete treatment of Indo-European roots and the English words derived from them is available in our Dictionary of Indo-European Roots.
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- The bearing must be used with a hardened inner ring, or a hardened shaft.
- Some sizes are available with either a single seal or two seals.
RNA4872 Metric Series Needle Roller Bearing
|Bearing Type||Single Row, Narrow|
|Outer Dia (D)||440.000||mm|
|Dynamic Load Rating (Cr)||660,000||N|
|Static Load Rating (Cor)||2,020,000||N|
|Max Speed (Oil)||1,200||X1000 rpm|
|Material||52100 Chrome steel, or equivalent|
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Hospital del Niño DIF Hidalgo.
Nosocomial neonatal sepsis (NNS) is one of the principal causes of childhood morbidity and mortality and has a large impact on public health. Therefore, our objective was to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with NNS in patients at Hospital del Niño DIF Hidalgo (Children’s Hospital, Hidalgo DIF). A retrospective case-control study was carried out by reviewing the medical records of 29 cases and 62 controls. The relative risk and odds ratio were calculated, and the Chi-squared test was used. The prevalence of NNS was found to be 13.6%. The statistically significant risk factors for NNS in premature infants were the male gender, the use of histamine H2 receptor blockers, a birth weight <1500 g, and an Apgar score <6. In full-term patients, the risk factors were respiratory insufficiency and anemia. The common risk factors in both groups were ventilatory assistance, presence of a central line, total parenteral nutrition, >7 days of antibiotic use, and presence of a bladder catheter. We found that the prevalence and risk factors in this study are similar to those reported in medical literature.
Keywords: Newborn; Nosocomial Sepsis; Risk Factors.
Nosocomial neonatal sepsis (NNS) is an infectious disorder that is characterized in newborns (NBs) by a systemic inflammatory response syndrome that occurs 3 days following admission to a hospital unit.1-5 It should be noted that admission was due to a different cause, and the germs present on personnel or furniture within the hospital infected the patient during the treatment of the patient by the personnel or performance of invasive procedures.1-7 NNS is a severe disease, and its natural evolution leads to multi-organ failure and death.5-9 It is the principal cause of mortality in neonatal intensive care units,1-8 and its presence reflects the quality of attention paid by the hospital unit in which the infant is admitted. A diagnosis of NNS is suspected based on epidemiologic data, known risk factors, and clinical data for systemic inflammatory response; these markers are corroborated through laboratory studies.4-13 Thus, the presence of a local focus of infection is identified and/or pathogenic germs of nosocomial origin are isolated from blood, urine, or body fluids.1-12 The control of NNS includes the treatment of the primary pathology, general measures, infection control, and intensive supportive therapy. Neonatal risk factors exist that are inherent to the disease, as do perinatal factors, which are difficult to control and require inter-institutional changes in conduct for their abatement. The following risk factors have been identified: immunologic state, low birth weight, perinatal hypoxia, use of antibiotics, use of corticosteroids, parenteral feeding, use of permanent venous catheters, prolonged mechanical ventilation, male gender, invasive and/or surgical procedures, and others.1-15 Thus, nosocomial risk factors are the most statistically likely to lead to the development of NNS, and close care and control of preventive measures already in use must be maintained. This evidence suggests that understanding the impact and risk factors for NNS is useful. The presence of risk factors should lead to an early diagnosis of NNS to avoid the worsening of the disease or the development of complications and to decrease, to a certain degree, of its impact on public health, operating costs, and quality of life.11-15
An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, analytical, retrospective case-control study was carried out on male and female neonatal patients between 0 and 28 days old in the neonatology unit during the year 2008. Patients were included if they developed NNS that fit the criteria published in 2005 and of Manroe et al. 16-18 3 days following admission. Patients hospitalized during the same period who did not develop NNS and who remained hospitalized more than 3 days were included as controls. Patients who did not meet the criteria for NNS diagnosis or who were admitted with this pathology acquired at another institution were excluded.
Data for each patient were collected, such as age at admission, gender, length of hospital stay (HS), age at discharge, diagnosis at admission and discharge, date of admission and discharge, and total length of stay. The following clinical and para-clinical data were used to discriminate the diagnosis of NNS: age at diagnosis, length of stay to diagnosis, presence of tachycardia or bradycardia, tachypnea, hypotension, body temperature, leukocyte and platelet counts, presence of bandemia, total bands and ratio of immature neutrophils, glycemic level, C-reactive protein level, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, presence of infectious focus, and the results from cultures (blood, urine, intravascular device tips, body fluids, stool, and cerebrospinal fluid).
The NNS risk factors studied were divided into 4 categories:
Neonatal: birth weight, presence of congenital anomalies, anemia, respiratory insufficiency, gastrointestinal alterations, gestational age at birth in weeks, hemodynamic disorders, and jaundice.
Maternal: maternal age, infections (vaginal, chorioamnionitis, urinary tract infection), previous delivery with infection, pre-eclampsia, gestation number, premature rupture of membranes (>12 hours), prolonged rupture of membranes (>18 hours), maternal group B Streptococcus, diabetic mother, and type of birth.
Peripartum: perinatal asphyxia, meconium, Apgar score <6, O2 requirement, neonatal hypotension, medication use, blood loss, fetal tachycardia, and obstetric trauma.
Nosocomial: H2 blocker use, prophylactic antibiotic use, methylxanthine use, parenteral nutrition and lipid levels, intubation and ventilation, pleural drainage, bladder catheterization, endoscopy, surgery, peripheral venous catheter, fasting, corticosteroid use, >7 days of antibiotic use, orogastric tube, ventriculo-peritoneal shunt, and artificial formula.
A database was made in Excel using the obtained data. A descriptive statistical analysis was carried out using distribution tables for frequencies and percentages. Similarly, the means and standard deviations were determined. To analyze the risk factors for NNS, contingency tables were made with the control group (patients exposed to the different risk factors who did not develop NNS) and the case group (patients exposed to the different risk factors who had NNS). Each risk factor was analyzed in both groups with the statistical program Sigma Stat version 2.0. Odds-ratios and relative risks were obtained, and the Pearson Chi-squared test was used. In all analyses, p <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
A total of 213 hospitalized patients were identified in the neonatology clinic, 29 of which developed NNS, corresponding to a prevalence of 13.6 per 100 hospital discharges. Of these, 10 (34.5%) were premature and 19 (65.5%) were full-term; 17 (58.6%) were male and 12 (41.4%) female. The ages of the patients at admission ranged from 0 to 27 days of life, with a mean ± standard deviation of 4.9 ± 1.4 days, and from 29 to 40 weeks gestational age (WGA), with a mean of 36.6 ± 0.6. Patient weight ranged from 800 g to 3850 g, with an average of 2399.7 ± 158.8 g. More than one pathology per patient was diagnosed at admission (Table 1). Prior to diagnosis, the average HS was 9.6 days (range 4-23) for premature patients and 22 days (range 11-82) for full-term patients.
There were 62 controls, of which 21 (33.8%) were premature and 41 (66.1%) full-term; 35 (56.5%) were male and 27 (43.5%) female. Their ages at admission ranged from 0 to 27 days of life (mean 7.1) and from 29 to 42 WGA (mean 37.1). Patient weight ranged from 1700 g to 4100 g (mean 2745.2 g). More than one pathology per patient was diagnosed at admission (Table 2). The average HS was 12.2 days (4-33 days) and 8.9 days (4-29 days) for premature and full-term NBs, respectively.
Diagnosis of NNS
In this study, the average age at the diagnosis of NNS was 14.6 ± 7.9 days, and the average HS was 9.7 days (4-25 days) at the time of the first manifestations of NNS. Of these patients, 7 (24.1%) presented with NNS at HS day 4, 5 (17.2%) presented with NNS between HS days 4 and 7, and 17 (58.6%) presented with NNS after HS day 7. Infectious foci were found in 22 (75.9%) of the cases; the other 7 (24.1%) did not have any. The most common focus location was the airway, (12 cases; 41.4%), followed by the intestine (6 cases; 20.7%), urinary tract (1 case; 3.4%), a surgical wound (1 case; 3.4%), a central line insertion site (1 case; 3.4%), and an ophthalmic focus (1 case; 3.4%).
Table 1. Diagnosis at admission/NB (cases).
Table 2. Diagnosis at admission/NB premature and full-term (controls).
Patients diagnosed with NNS most frequently presented with tachycardia (22 cases; 75.9%); none presented with bradycardia. Tachypnea and dysthermia were the second most common (21 cases; 72.4% each). Ten (47.6%) patients were found to present with hyperthermia above 38.5º C, and 11 (52.4%) presented with hypothermia below 36º C. Eight patients did not meet the criteria for dysthermia (<36 and >38.5º C), 6 patients had temperature ranges from 36.4 to 38º C with an average of 37.7º C, and the other 2 cases each had variations during the day between 36 and 38º C.
In all cases, systematic and continuous routines were conducted to culture urine, peripheral blood, and/or central line blood. Urine culture was positive for infection in 1 patient (3.4%). Peripheral blood culture was positive in 12 cases (38.7%), and central line blood was positive in 16 (51.6%) cases. Stool and bronchial secretion cultures were each positive in 1 case (3.4%). Staphylococcus was isolated in 16 cases (55.2%); S. epidermidis was the most frequent species isolated (12 cases; 41.1%). Other isolated species were S. aureus (2 cases; 6.9%), S. hominis, and S. haemoliticus (1 case each; 3.4%). Enterobacter cloacae was isolated in 3 cases (10.3%). In addition, the genus Klebsiella was isolated from 3 cases (10.3%), 2 of which (6.9%) were the species pneumoniae and 1 (3.4%) oxitoca. E. coli was isolated in 2 cases (6.9%). Citrobacter freundii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterococcus faecalis were each isolated in 1 case (3.4%). Candida was isolated in only 1 case (3.4%). Interestingly, in 8 cases (27.6%), no microorganism was isolated, despite the severity of the sicknesses. Finally, 23 cases (79.3% with hypotension) presented with septic shock that required treatment with vasopressors.
A. Premature patients
The following data regarding neonatal risk factors for NNS were found: in the group of premature patients, the first risk factor with statistical significance (SS) was male gender and low birth weight (<1500 g) (Table 3). Gestational age at birth, congenital anomalies, hemodynamic disorders, anemia, gastrointestinal alterations, jaundice, and respiratory insufficiency did not reach SS (p >0.05).
B. Full-term patients
In these patients, respiratory insufficiency and anemia were the principal risk factors with SS (p <0.05) (Table 4). In contrast, none of the other recorded factors in this category reached SS (p >0.05).
A. Premature patients
No SS relationship was found between NNS and the following factors: premature rupture of membranes, labor >15 hours, Caesarean section, maternal genitourinary infections, pre-eclampsia, gestation number, and maternal diabetes (p >0.05).
B. Full-term patients
None of the maternal risk factors reached SS for the development of NNS in these patients (p >0.05).
A. Premature patients
In these patients, an Apgar score <6 was the only factor that reached SS (p = 0.027). Other factors, such as perinatal asphyxia, hypotension, blood loss, fetal tachycardia, use of medications, meconium, and O2 requirement, did not show an association with the development of NNS (p >0.05).
B. Full-term patients
None of the peripartum factors were risk factors for NNS (p >0.05).
A. Premature patients
The nosocomial factors for the development of NNS with SS were ventilatory assistance, use of histamine H2 receptor blockers, central venous line, use of lipids and parenteral nutrition, use of antibiotics >7 days, and bladder catheterization (Table 3; p <0.05). Associated factors without SS were use of prophylactic antibiotics, use of corticosteroids, use of methylxanthines, pleural drainage, use of peripheral catheter, use of orogastric tube, fasting, use of artificial formula, and surgery (p >0.05).
B. Full-term patients
The nosocomial factors for the development of NNS with SS were use of central line, ventilatory assistance, use of lipids and parenteral nutrition, placement of bladder catheter, and use of antibiotics >7 days (Table 4, p <0.05). The other nosocomial factors did not reach SS (p >0.05).
Table 3. Risk factors for NNS that reached SS. Premature patients: 10 patients with sepsis and 21 patients without sepsis.
Table 4. Risk factors for NNS that reached SS. Full-term patients: 19 patients with sepsis and 41 patients without sepsis.
As a result of studies performed in 1996 in secondary and tertiary care hospitals, it is assumed that the percentage of nosocomial infection in Mexico is 10-15%. We found the prevalence of NNS to be 13.6 per 100 hospital discharges, which is in agreement with the expected global and national range (Colombia, 8.4%; Mexico, 19 to 40%; Durango, 30.54%; “November 20 CMN,” 2.1%; Culiacan, 7.5%).19-22
Of the statistically significant neonatal risk factors for the development of NNS in our study, male gender was the principal risk factor in premature infants. As such, we found a prevalence of NNS of 90% in male infants, which is much higher than the level of 54% reported in another secondary level hospital similar to ours (Zone 1A, Los Venados General Hospital of the Mexican Social Security Institute). 8 Those authors proposed that there is a susceptibility factor involved in thymus function and synthesis of immunoglobulins encoded by a gene on the X chromosome; because females have two X chromosomes, they have a greater resistance to infection.8 Compared with controls, for each single healthy male patient, there are 12.4 patients with NNS, so there is a 6.4-fold greater risk to develop NNS as a result of being male. The second most important neonatal risk factor for NNS in the premature patient group was low birth weight ( < 1500 g, described in various publications as the principal risk factor for the development of nosocomial neonatal sepsis). 2,10, 19, 23, 24 The influence of low birth weight is due to immunologic immaturity, the greater use of invasive technology, and the greater length of hospital stay during which enough weight should be gained for discharge.10 In the present study, we found 6 (60.6%) premature patients weighing < 1500 g. This percentage is similar to that reported in literature: “71.5% of nosocomial infections were present in neonates weighing less than 1500 grams.25” The survival of premature newborns with a very low birth weight complicated by late sepsis continues to be a challenge because it increases the duration of hospitalization, cost, and mortality rate. 26
In the full-term newborns, the principal neonatal risk factor for NNS was respiratory insufficiency, which necessitates ventilatory support. In general, respiratory insufficiency complicates up to 17% of neonatal sepsis.27 Respiratory insufficiency is the final pathway of many pathologies, and it increases energy and oxygen requirements in the tissues; this increase in metabolism leads to an increased production of deleterious substances.28 This same process causes a depression of the bone marrow, thereby compromising cellular immunity. The second and final neonatal risk factor for NNS in full-term newborns is anemia. Independently of its dependence on the socioeconomic and cultural conditions of the pregnant mother, it has been demonstrated that gestational anemia can predispose the child for anemia until the fourth year of life. Iron deficiency decreases cellular immunity and consequently increases susceptibility to infections, particularly in the respiratory system. Five of the 10 cases (50%) with anemia (94.7% of the full-term group) presented with respiratory infectious foci.29
In our study, the maternal factors for NNS were not statistically significant risk factors and were only found to be associated with prematurity. Prolonged rupture of membranes and labor longer than 15 hours both conditioned for an increased risk of colonization and hypoxia with repercussions on an immunological level, which added to the immaturity of the immune system.1,2,8,9 Undoubtedly, these products would be obtained through Caesarean section, and it has been demonstrated that newborns delivered by Caesarean section have fewer intestinal lactobacilli than vaginally delivered newborns, thus affecting bacterial colonization.30
The only peripartum risk factor for NNS was an Apgar score of less than 6, and this only presented in the premature patient group. There are studies that have reported values below 5.31 An Apgar score below 6 is indicative of moderate depression; although this score does not normally translate to criteria for neonatal asphyxia, minimal hypoxia is capable of producing mitochondrial changes and liberation of deleterious substances, such as nitric oxide. An oxygen supply is given to these patients, which then increases the production of free oxygen radicals. 27
Various studies have demonstrated the great importance of nosocomial risk factors for NNS.2,8,10,14 In our study, ventilatory assistance was required for 9 (90%) preterm patients and 12 (41.1%) from the full-term group. This factor was the principal nosocomial factor for the premature group, producing 8.4 fold more risk for NNS, and a secondary factor in the full-term group, producing 3.4 fold more risk for NNS. The lung has been described as a primary site of infection related to use of mechanical ventilation during prolonged endotracheal intubation.8 Of the cases that required mechanical ventilation, 2 (20%) of the premature and 6 (50%) of the full-term cases presented with a respiratory infectious foci. In 7 patients (24.1%), no infectious foci were reported. However, a primary respiratory focus was not dismissed because bronchial secretion cultures were not systematically performed, with the exception of a case in which P. aeruginosa was isolated. These cases are similar to the report of ventilator-associated pneumonia, which is a common and severe complication in premature infants of low weight; during with the development of P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter predominate. Similarly, the duration of mechanical ventilation is important because it is related to the severity of the underlying illness and prolonged invasive procedures in the NICU.32 Ranitidine, a histamine H2 receptor blocker used in 100% of the premature infants in our study, was the second highest nosocomial risk factor for NNS in this group. Previously, an association of ranitidine with the development of necrotizing enterocolitis was reported, as it provokes bacterial translocation by alkalinizing the intestinal pH and favoring the growth of pathogenic microbes. 33,34 Although only 3 (30%) premature infants presented with intestinal infectious foci, it cannot be assumed that they were not present in others or that the intestine was a route of entry for pathogens. Moreover, H2 blockers are agonistic to mechanical ventilation and other factors in the development of NNS. 32 In premature infants, the use of a central line as a nosocomial factor for NNS in our study was the third most common risk factor, increasing the occurrence of NNS up to 4.9 fold in exposed patients and 5.7 fold in full-term newborns; in the latter, it is the principal nosocomial factor. Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and lipids is the fourth most common nosocomial risk factor for NNS in premature infants and the second most common in full-term infants, with an increased risk for acquiring NNS of 3.7 and 3.4 fold, respectively. Sepsis as a complication of TPN is principally associated with the use of central lines for administration. Thus, 100% of the premature infants (8 of the 10 cases) and 75% of full-term newborns (12 of 16 cases) required TPN with central lines. It is also known that a birth weight below 1500 g, use of a central line, and TPN are significantly associated with the development of NNS.35,36 In 5 cases in the premature group, we found the joint presence of these 3 factors in the development of NNS. On the subject of pharmacotherapy, our study found that the prolonged use of antibiotics (>7 days) was associated with an increased risk of NNS of 3.5 and 3.3 fold in premature and full-term newborns, respectively. Of the 11 (37.9%) cases treated with antibiotics for more than 7 days, 8 had central lines, corresponding to an association of 11.3/1000 catheter-days. Antibiotics compromise the immune response of the host, and NNS in more common in the patients with central lines.37, 38
Finally, bladder catheterization was shown to be an important risk factor for NNS, with an increased risk of 3.5 and 2.3 fold in premature and full-term newborns, respectively. The placement of urinary catheters used to collect urine samples and/or quantify the urinary flow is not always beneficial for patients and can injure the epithelium of the urinary tract and allow the further passage of germs into the bloodstream.4
In the Hospital del Niño DIF Hidalgo, the prevalence of NNS was found to be 13.6%, which is in the expected range for a secondary-level hospital. The statistically significant risk factors for NNS included 4 factors exclusive to the premature group (male gender, use of H2 blockers, birth weight <1500 g, and Apgar score <6); 2 factors exclusive to the group of full-term newborns (respiratory insufficiency and anemia); and 5 risk factors common to both groups (ventilatory assistance, use of central line, total parenteral nutrition, antibiotic use >7 days, and bladder catheterization). The most important neonatal risk factor for premature newborns is male gender, which was higher than that reported in the literature, and NSS had a direct relationship with a birth weight <1500 g. The principal neonatal risk factors for NNS in full-term patients were respiratory insufficiency and anemia. The principal perinatal risk factors of an Apgar score <6 (premature) and respiratory insufficiency (full-term) are in accordance with the literature.
Nosocomial risk factors had greater weight than the rest of the factors. A conjunction of risk factors exists for the development of NNS. Neonatal risk factors are inherent to patients and are not modifiable. To decrease the perinatal factors, conventions are recommended for private and governmental health care institutions to provide better neonatal resuscitation. For nosocomial factors, these measures include avoiding the indiscriminant use of H2 blockers except in cases in which their use is justified, maintaining a constant follow-up in surveillance programs, and maintaining prevention measures. These measures all support the goal of further decreasing the incidence of the hospital complication of NNS.
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WASHINGTON (Reuters) - The founder of whistle-blower website WikiLeaks plans to release tens of thousands of internal documents from a major U.S. bank early next year, Forbes Magazine reported on Monday.
Julian Assange declined in an interview with Forbes to identify the bank, but he said that he expected that the disclosures, which follow his group’s release of U.S. military and diplomatic documents, would lead to investigations.
“We have one related to a bank coming up, that’s a megaleak. It’s not as big a scale as the Iraq material, but it’s either tens or hundreds of thousands of documents depending on how you define it,” Assange said in the interview posted on the Forbes website.
He declined to identify the bank, describing it only as a major U.S. bank that is still in existence.
Asked what he wanted to be the result of the disclosure, he replied: “I’m not sure. It will give a true and representative insight into how banks behave at the executive level in a way that will stimulate investigations and reforms, I presume.”
He compared this release to emails that were unveiled as a result of the collapse of disgraced energy company Enron Corp.
“This will be like that. Yes, there will be some flagrant violations, unethical practices that will be revealed, but it will also be all the supporting decision-making structures and the internal executive ethos ... and that’s tremendously valuable,” Assange said.
“You could call it the ecosystem of corruption. But it’s also all the regular decision making that turns a blind eye to and supports unethical practices: the oversight that’s not done, the priorities of executives, how they think they’re fulfilling their own self-interest,” he said.
Assange also told the magazine that his group has material on many businesses and governments, including in Russia, and that it has some documents on pharmaceutical companies, which he did not identify.
More than 250,000 cables were obtained by the whistle-blower website and given to the New York Times and other media groups, which published stories on Sunday exposing the inner workings of U.S. diplomacy, including candid and embarrassing assessments of world leaders.
Before Sunday, WikiLeaks had made public nearly 500,000 classified U.S. files on the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.
Editing by Mohammad Zargham
Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.
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Our meeting here in Pennabilli in front of this cathedral, the heart of the diocese, and in this square, makes us think of the many different meetings of Jesus which are recounted in the Gospels. Today I would like to recall the famous episode in which as the Lord was setting out, someone — a rich young man — ran up and kneeling before him asked this question: “Good Teacher, what must I do to inherit eternal life?” (Mk 10:17).
Perhaps today we would not express ourselves this way, but the meaning of the question is exactly the same: what should I do, how should I live in order to live truly, to find life. We can therefore see in this question the broad and varied human experience that leads to the search for meaning, for the profound sense of life: how to live and why to live. Indeed, the “eternal life” to which the young man of the Gospel referred not only means life after death, he did not only want to know how to reach Heaven. He wanted to know: how must I live now in order to already obtain the life that can then also be eternal. Therefore, in this question the young man expresses his need to find meaning, fullness and truth in daily life. A person cannot live without this search for the truth about himself — who am I, what am I living for — a truth that is an incentive to widen his horizon and to go beyond material things, not in order to flee from reality but to live it in an even truer way that is richer in meaning and hope, and not merely superficial.
Moreover, I think — and I have seen and heard it in your friend’s words — that this is also your experience. The important questions we bear within us remain, they always resurface. Who are we? Where do we come from? Who do we live for? These questions are the highest sign of the transcendence of the human being and of our innate capacity not to stop at appearances. And it is precisely by looking at ourselves with truth, sincerity and courage that we understand the beauty, and also the precariousness of life and feel a dissatisfaction, a restlessness, that nothing material can assuage. In the end all promises often prove inadequate.
Dear friends, I invite you to become aware of this healthy and positive restlessness and not to be afraid to ask yourselves the fundamental questions on the meaning and value of life. Do not stop at partial, immediate answers; they are certainly easier and more convenient at the time and can bring a few moments of happiness, exaltation or intoxication but they do not lead you to the true joy of living, the joy that is born, as Jesus said, from those who build on solid rock rather than on sand. Learn how to reflect, how not to interpret your human experience superficially but rather in depth: you will discover, with wonder and joy, that your heart is a window open on the infinite! This is man’s greatness but also his difficulty.
One of the the illusions produced in the course of history was the belief that technical and scientific progress would be able, in an absolute manner, to provide answers and solutions to all humanity’s problems. And we see that this is not the case. In fact, even if this had been possible, nothing and no one would have been able to delete the most profound questions on the meaning of life and death, on the meaning of suffering, of all things, because these questions are written in the human spirit, in our hearts, beyond the sphere of needs. Even in the epoch of scientific and technological progress — which has given us so much — the human person remains a being who wishes for more, for something more than comfort and well-being; the human being who is open to the whole truth of his or her existence, who cannot stop at material things but opens to a far wider horizon.
You experience all this continually, every time you ask yourselves: but why? When you contemplate a sunset or when a piece of music stirs your heart and mind; when you feel what it means to love truly; when you feel forcefully the sense of justice and truth, and when you feel indignant about the lack of justice, truth and happiness.
Dear young people, the human experience is a reality that we share, but it may be given various degrees of meaning. And it is here that is decided the way to direct one’s life, and here that one chooses to whom to entrust it, to whom to entrust oneself. The risk is always that of remaining confined to the world of things, of the immediate, the relative, the useful, of losing sensitivity to all that refers to our spiritual dimension. It is by no means a question of contempt for the use of reason or of rejecting scientific progress, far from it. Rather, it is a matter of understanding that each one of us is not only made in a “horizontal” dimension but also has a “vertical” dimension. Scientific data and technological instruments cannot replace the world of life, the horizons of meaning and freedom, of the richness of relations of friendship and love.
Dear young people, it is precisely in being open to the whole truth about ourselves, about ourselves and about the world, that we perceive God’s project for us. He meets the needs of every human being and enables us to know the mystery of his love. In the Lord Jesus who died and rose for us and gave us the Holy Spirit, we are also enabled to share in God’s own life, we belong to God’s family. In him, in Christ, you can find the answers to the questions that accompany you on your way, not superficially or easily but by walking with Jesus, by living with Jesus. The encounter with Christ is not resolved in adherence to a doctrine or a philosophy; what he proposes to you is to share in his life itself and thus to learn to live, to learn what the human being is, to learn what I am. Jesus answered the young man who asked him what he should do to have eternal life, in other words, to live truly, with an invitation to detach himself from his possessions and added, “come, follow me” (Mk 10:21).
Christ’s words show that your life finds meaning in the mystery of God who is Love; a demanding and profound Love that goes beyond superficiality! What would your life be without this love? God takes care of men and women from creation to the end of time, when he will bring his plan of salvation to completion. In the Risen Lord we have the certainty of our hope! Christ himself, who went to the depths of death and rose, is hope in Person and the definitive Word spoken on our history, he is a positive word.
Do not be afraid to face difficult situations, moments of crisis, the trials of life, for the Lord goes with you, he is with you! I encourage you to grow in friendship with him through frequent reading of the Bible and of the whole of Sacred Scripture, through faithful participation in the Eucharist as a personal encounter with Christ, through commitment within the ecclesial community, journeying on with a good spiritual director.
Transformed by the Holy Spirit, you will be able to experience authentic freedom, which is such when it is oriented to goodness. In this way your life, inspired by a continuous search for the face of the Lord and by the sincere wish to give yourselves, will be a sign for many of your peers, an eloquent appeal to ensure that the desire for fullness, which is in all of us, will be fulfilled at last in the encounter with the Lord Jesus. Let the mystery of Christ illuminate your whole self! You will then be able to bring to the different contexts that newness which can change relationships, institutions, and structures, to build a world that is fairer, that shows greater solidarity, enlivened by the search for the common good.
Do not give in to an individualistic or selfish logic! May you be comforted by the witness of the many young people who reached the destination of holiness: only think of St Thérèse of the Child Jesus, of St Dominic Savio, St Maria Goretti, Bl. Pier Giorgio Frassati and Bl. Alberto Marvelli — from this land — and of many others, unknown to us but who lived their time in the light and power of the Gospel, and found the answer: how to live, what they must do to live.
To conclude this meeting I would like to entrust each one of you to the Virgin Mary, Mother of the Church. Like her, you can say and renew your “yes”, and always magnify the Lord with your life, because he gives you words of eternal life! So courage, dear young men and women, on your journey of faith and of Christian life I too am always close to you and accompany you with my Blessing. Thank you for your attention!
zondag 4 september 2011
Wat moet ik doen om echt te leven, om het leven te vinden?
Een zeer belangrijke speech van Benedictus XVI in juni hadden we - door verhuizing - toen gemist. Hierbij alsnog de toespraak van de paus tot de jongeren tijdens zijn bezoek aan de Republiek San Marino, op 19 juni jl.:
THEMA'S: roma locuta
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By Brian Gallagher, Larry Snyder via USNews.com
Brian Gallagher is president and CEO of United Way Worldwide. Father Larry Snyder is president of Catholic Charities USA.
The season of giving is a time to focus on what we hold dear. Hurricane Sandy certainly demonstrated that what we take for granted is what we miss most when it is taken from us. As leaders of nonprofits providing a broad cross-section of services to our communities, we worry this might be the case with the charitable tax deduction.
President Obama and Congress are considering caps or cuts to the 100-year-old tax benefit for those who give to charities and redirecting these dollars to federal coffers. Doing away with the charitable deduction at a time when people are still reeling from the recession and facing the consequences of government cutbacks is bad timing and bad logic. In short, fewer charitable dollars and government cutbacks are a double hit to those who need help the most.
On December 4 and 5, hundreds of leaders serving our communities will travel to our nation's capital to make sure elected officials understand what is at stake. These leaders represent the Charitable Giving Coalition, which includes more than 50 of America's most active charities, nonprofits and other organizations, including United Way, Catholic Charities USA, American Red Cross, American Institute for Cancer Research, and more.
We hope to pierce the "inside-the-beltway" bubble with a dose of reality from thousands of communities outside the beltway. Congress and the administration must recognize how important the nonprofit sector is to our country. For example, relief charities responding to Hurricane Sandy-ravaged communities raised nearly $100 million, according to the Chronicle of Philanthropy. United Way of New York City and affiliates throughout the East set up a Hurricane Sandy Relief Fund (#sandyfund) to support affected communities through food, shelter, clothing, cleanup, and rebuilding.
Catholic Charities USA also set up a Hurricane Sandy fund. Since Katrina, Catholic Charities USA and its nationwide network helped thousands of families recover and rebuild their lives after disasters.
This independent, nonprofit infrastructure and long-standing experience in meeting community needs is invaluable. Last year, Americans gave nearly $300 billion to support crucial programs and services, from food pantries and medical research to youth programs and seed grants to start new businesses.
Elected leaders may believe the charitable deduction is an easy mark without a large contingent of lobbyists. But the charitable deduction is different than other itemized deductions. It encourages giving, rewards a selfless act, and helps raise more for charities than would have otherwise been possible. Data suggests that for every dollar a donor gets in tax relief, the public typically receives $3 of benefit. No other tax provision generates that kind of positive public impact.
- Nonprofits generate $1.1 trillion every year through human services and provide 13.5 million jobs.
- Nonprofits account for 5.4 percent of the GDP and 9 percent of all wages paid.
- This diverse sector supports development of medications like insulin and the polio vaccine; educational opportunities and access to better healthcare; technologies such as the MRI, electron microscope and pacemaker; housing and shelter for the need; access to cultural activities
- Read Veronique de Rugy: Sequestration Defense Budget Cuts Not as Drastic as They Seem
- Read David Brodwin: States Resisting Obamacare Are Only Hurting Themselves
- Check out U.S. News Weekly: an insider's guide to politics and policy.
According to Giving USA, individual contributions to charitable causes in America account for 73 percent of all giving. These donations help achieve breakthroughs and benefits that put our country on a path of continuous improvement. Research shows that donors trust the nonprofit sector most when it comes to providing these crucial community services.
Now is not the time for Congress to dismantle this century-old incentive that supports America's nonprofits. According to the Nonprofit Finance Fund, 85 percent of nonprofits experienced higher demand for their services in 2011. That number likely increased in 2012. The nation's budget crisis is undeniable, but that is precisely why nonprofits need more support, not less.
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NASA began designing the Space Shuttle to become the first cargo ship in space with the capability of carrying people and payloads. After two postponed attempts, Columbia, the first shuttle, blasted off from Cape Canaveral, FL on November 12, 1981. The Space Shuttle was designed to launch vertically and carry 4-7 astronauts along with payloads up to 50,000 lbs. The Space Shuttle program finished with its last mission, by Atlantis, in July 2011, with the program formally ending on August 31, 2011.
Now a part of the Smithsonian Institute, the Space Shuttle Discovery is on display at the Udvar-Hazy Center in Chantilly, VA. [http://airandspace.si.edu/explore-and-learn/topics/shuttle.cfm]
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FBI Headquarters responded to plaintiff's request concerning Gregory F. Rose on November 22, 1977, advising him that the materials he sought were protected under the Privacy Act and would not be released. Plaintiff appealed that decision administratively, and OIPA affirmed the denial of his request in February, 1978. With respect to that portion of his September 21 request which had been forwarded to FBI Headquarters, plaintiff received his first response on January 30, 1979. The agency informed him that it was denying his request in part. It subsequently released 2,690 pages on June 14, 1979 and withheld another 2,667. Plaintiff again sought administrative review of this decision and also challenged the adequacy of the agency's search. His appeal was denied on August 15, 1979.
In 1975, persons and organizations associated with Lyndon H. LaRouche filed suit against the FBI in the Southern District of New York, alleging violations of their civil and constitutional rights. Lyndon H. LaRouche v. William H. Webster, 566 F. Supp. 415 (S.D.N.Y.1983). Plaintiffs in that case sought to amend their complaint in April, 1982, to include the FOIA claims now before this Court. The New York District Court denied that motion in October, 1984, dismissing the FOIA claims without prejudice. Plaintiff filed the present suit on July 26, 1985.
FOIA itself does not expressly provide a statute of limitations governing suits brought under it. Section 2401(a) of title 28, however, states, in relevant part, that "every civil action commenced against the United States shall be barred unless the complaint is filed within six years after the right of action first accrues . . . ." 28 U.S.C. § 2401(a). Unlike general statutes of limitations, however, section 2401(a) is not merely a procedural requirement; it is a condition attached to the sovereign's consent to be sued and, like all waivers of sovereign immunity, must be strictly construed. See Soriano v. United States, 352 U.S. 270, 276, 1 L. Ed. 2d 306, 77 S. Ct. 269 (1957); Kreiger v. United States, 539 F.2d 317, 320-21 (3d Cir. 1976). Accordingly, strict compliance with this statute of limitations is a jurisdictional prerequisite to suit that can neither be waived by the government, Walters v. Secretary of Defense, 233 U.S. App. D.C. 148, 725 F.2d 107, 112 n.12 (D.C. Cir. 1983), nor relaxed by the courts for equitable considerations, Anderberg v. United States, 718 F.2d 976, 977 (10th Cir. 1983) (applying section 2401(b)), cert. denied, 466 U.S. 939, 80 L. Ed. 2d 463, 104 S. Ct. 1916 (1984); Garrett v. United States, 640 F.2d 24, 26 (6th Cir. 1981) (applying section 2401(b)).
The "right of action" to which section 2401(a) refers is "not the right to administrative action but the right to file a civil action in the courts against the United States." Crown Coat Front Co. v. United States, 386 U.S. 503, 511, 18 L. Ed. 2d 256, 87 S. Ct. 1177 (1967). Such a right accrues when "the right to resort to federal court [is] perfected." Impro Products, Inc. v. Block, 232 U.S. App. D.C. 359, 722 F.2d 845, 850 (D.C. Cir. 1983) (quoting Oppenheim v. Campbell, 187 U.S. App. D.C. 226, 571 F.2d 660, 662 (D.C. Cir. 1978)), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 931, 105 S. Ct. 327, 83 L. Ed. 2d 264 (1984); see also United States v. Sams, 521 F.2d 421, 429 (3d Cir. 1975) (claim first accrues when claimant entitled to institute an action). FOIA itself provides that a right to judicial review accrues when a requester has constructively exhausted his or her administrative remedies. It states that "any person making a request to any agency for records . . . shall be deemed to have exhausted his administrative remedies with respect to such request if the agency fails to comply with the applicable time limit provisions of this paragraph." 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(6)(C) (emphasis supplied). The applicable time limit requires agencies to determine within ten working days after receipt of the request whether to comply with the request. 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(6)(A)(i). Here, plaintiff's requests were dated September 20 and 21, 1977. The FBI's first determination with respect to either was made on October 19, 1977. Even assuming the requests were delayed in the mails a week, the ten working-day response period had run by the time of the agency's first determination.
Thus, by mid-October, 1977, plaintiff's cause of action had accrued and the statute of limitations began to run. This case was filed July, 1985, nearly two years after the statute had expired. Defendant contends it must therefore be dismissed as time-barred.
In his opposition plaintiff raises essentially three arguments. First, he contends that applying section 2401(a) to FOIA actions is inconsistent with the spirit and purpose of the Act, and is, in any event, futile. Second, he claims that the statute of limitations is inapplicable to a case such as this, which is purely equitable in nature. Third, he argues that, even if the statute does apply, it was tolled by the filing of his FOIA claims in the New York suit or, alternatively, by the administrative appeals undertaken by the agency itself.
Although section 2401(a), by its own terms, applies to " every civil action commenced against the United States," 28 U.S.C. § 2401(a) (emphasis supplied), plaintiff argues that this language is not to be taken literally, pointing to the fact that courts have not applied the statute to habeas corpus petitions. In response, defendant notes that while section 2401(a) has never been used to bar a habeas action, see Walters v. Secretary of Defense, 725 F.2d at 113, neither the Walters court nor plaintiff cite any case in which the applicability of section 2401(a) was even discussed, let alone decided, in the context of a habeas petition. More importantly, defendant argues that the interests of a plaintiff in a FOIA action seeking government documents simply cannot be compared to those of prisoners "incarcerated in flagrant violation of their constitutional rights." Pennsylvania, ex rel. Herman v. Claudy, 350 U.S. 116, 123, 100 L. Ed. 126, 76 S. Ct. 223 (1956). Indeed, in holding that section 2401(a) applied to a corrective action brought by a dishonorably discharged marine, the Walters court rejected the district court's analogy between corrective actions and habeas petitions, stating that such a comparison "fail[ed] to give adequate consideration both to the unique constitutional status of the Great Writ, and to the weighty policies behind . . . section 2401(a) . . . ." Walters, 725 F.2d at 113 (footnote omitted). Consideration of those same factors here makes clear that the habeas exception to section 2401(a)'s otherwise all encompassing reach is an extremely narrow one, dictated by the unique constitutional values at stake in a habeas petition, and that no comparable constitutional interests support an expansion of this exception to include FOIA actions.
Plaintiff next notes that statutes of limitations are statutes of repose, designed to prevent the unfairness to defendants that can result from the passage of time. Such a statute has no place in a FOIA action, he claims, since there is no concern that memories will have faded or that witnesses will have disappeared in such a lawsuit. Whether or not plaintiff's contention is true as a factual matter -- and defendant claims it is not -- section 2401(a) is not, as plaintiff suggests, merely a statute of repose. Rather, it is a condition attached to the government's waiver of sovereign immunity and, as such, is a jurisdictional prerequisite to suit. Thus, even if this Court agreed that, as a theoretical matter, section 2401(a) served little useful purpose in the context of a FOIA action, the Court would nevertheless be obliged to enforce the limitation. Indeed, it is without jurisdiction to do otherwise.
Plaintiff also claims that applying a statute of limitations in FOIA cases would contravene the spirit, thrust and purpose of the Act, which is designed to insure that citizens obtain government documents to which they are entitled. Toward that end, Congress amended the Act in 1974 and added a provision for recovery of attorney's fees so that the average citizen who otherwise would lack the necessary financial resources can pursue legal remedies when all administrative appeals have been exhausted. Plaintiff submits that because the administrative process at some agencies exceeds six years, applying section 2401(a) to FOIA actions would force requesters to incur heavy legal expenses or forego their rights under the Act, a result Congress could not have intended. This argument is flawed in several key respects. First the very attorney's fees provision that plaintiff points to as evidence that Congress would not want section 2401(a) applied in FOIA actions, is itself designed to alleviate the heavy legal expenses that, according to plaintiff, force requesters to abandon their rights under the Act. In addition, it can be argued in almost every, if not all, cases in which section 2401(a) is applied that the statute adversely affects a right created by Congress. Such adverse effects, in and of themselves, do not demonstrate that Congress did not intend the statute to apply. Finally, while it is true that the administrative process does exceed six years for some requests, this Court is unwilling to assume that such delays occur in most, or even a substantial number of, requests. Moreover, where the administrative process approaches six years, requesters can file suit and seek a stay pending resolution of any administrative appeals, a not uncommon practice that preserves the requester's judicial rights while allowing the parties to seek the least expensive resolution of their dispute.
Finally, plaintiff argues that applying section 2401(a) to FOIA is in any event futile, since a requester can create a new cause of action with a new accrual date simply by filing a new request. Although neither party addressed the point, and the question is not presently before the Court, it is at least arguable that res judicata would apply where a plaintiff seeks to challenge an agency's response to a FOIA request that is in all material respects identical to an earlier request, and where that earlier request was the subject of a lawsuit previously dismissed as untimely. In addition, the government argues that because some agency FOIA administrative files created in response to requests are destroyed pursuant to General Records Schedule 14, it would in fact be beneficial for all parties to start fresh with a newly created file. In any event, because section 2401(a) is jurisdictional in nature, this Court is again not at liberty to decline to enforce it in FOIA suits simply because the Court finds it unwise or inefficient to do so.
In sum, the Court concludes that section 2401(a) is applicable to suits brought under FOIA.
Plaintiff's next contention merits little discussion. He argues that because he seeks purely equitable relief, section 2401(a) is inapplicable to this lawsuit, since statutes of limitations apply only to actions at law. In support of that proposition, plaintiff relies on Saffron v. Dep't of the Navy, 183 U.S. App. D.C. 45, 561 F.2d 938 (D.C. Cir. 1978), a case in which the Court of Appeals ruled that section 2401(a) was applicable to suits seeking both equitable and legal relief. The Saffron decision necessarily implied that the statute of limitations would not apply to suits seeking only equitable relief. In a concurring opinion, Judge McGowan stated that in his view Congress intended section 2401(a) to govern all civil actions, whether equitable or legal -- a view previously adopted by the Ninth and Fifth Circuits. Id. at 946 (McGowan, J., concurring) (citing Werner v. United States, 188 F.2d 266, 268 (9th Cir. 1951) and Screven v. United States, 207 F.2d 740, 741 (5th Cir. 1953)). That view has since prevailed in subsequent cases in this Circuit. Thus, in Walters v. Secretary of Defense, 725 F.2d at 113, and Calhoun v. Lehman, 233 U.S. App. D.C. 156, 725 F.2d 115, 117 (D.C. Cir. 1983), the Court of Appeals held that section 2401(a) barred the equitable claims of dishonorably discharged servicemen seeking to correct their military records. Indeed, just one year after Saffron, the appellate court applied section 2401(a) to a suit seeking recomputation of retirement credits, noting that "the fact that [the claim] is equitable in nature does not exempt it from the statute of limitations." Oppenheim v. Campbell, 571 F.2d at 662. Plaintiff argues that these cases misapply Saffron and depart from Supreme Court precedent, and should therefore not be followed. This Court, however, declines to disregard the controlling case law of this circuit. The fact that plaintiff seeks only equitable relief does not save it from operation of the statute of limitations.
Finally, plaintiff claims that if the statute does apply to this action, it was tolled either by the filing of his FOIA claims in the New York court or by the administrative review process itself. With respect to the court filing, defendant argues that the statute should not be tolled because the claims filed in New York are not identical to those filed here; the New York claims were technically never "filed" within the meaning of Rule 15 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, but were merely "lodged" with that court; and a dismissal without prejudice does not operate to toll a statute of limitations. Because the Court agrees that the dismissal without prejudice did not affect the running of the statute, it need not address defendant's other contentions. In Dupree v. Jefferson, 215 U.S. App. D.C. 43, 666 F.2d 606 (D.C. Cir. 1981), the Court of Appeals concluded, after canvassing state and federal court decisions on the question, that
a dismissal without prejudice does not operate as an adjudication upon the merits, and thus leaves the situation the same as if suit had never been brought. In effect, therefore, there was nothing to suspend the operation of the limitation period. Thus . . . 'a party cannot deduct from the period of limitations the time during which the action . . . dismissed [without prejudice] was pending.'
Id. at 611 (footnotes omitted) (quoting Bomer v. Ribicoff, 304 F.2d 427, 428 (6th Cir. 1962)); see also Kington v. United States, 396 F.2d 9 (6th Cir.), cert. denied, 393 U.S. 960, 21 L. Ed. 2d 373, 89 S. Ct. 396 (1968); Humphreys v. United States, 272 F.2d 411 (9th Cir. 1959); Enos v. Kaiser Xandus Corp., 443 F. Supp. 798 (D.D.C. 1978).
Plaintiff would have this Court ignore this settled rule of law on the strength of Burnett v. New York Central Railroad Co., 380 U.S. 424, 13 L. Ed. 2d 941, 85 S. Ct. 1050 (1965), a case in which the Supreme Court ruled that the three-year limitations period of the Federal Employer's Liability Act ("FELA") was tolled during the pendency of plaintiff's state FELA action, which had been dismissed without prejudice for improper venue. That case, however, is inapposite for several reasons. First, the statute that created plaintiff's federal right also provided a limitations period. In determining whether that limitations period was subject to tolling, the Supreme Court looked to the humane and remedial purposes underlying FELA, and concluded that Congress did not intend to establish an inflexible bar to untimely suits. Here, by contrast, section 2401(a) is a condition attached to the sovereign's waiver of its absolute immunity and is therefore a jurisdictional prerequisite to suit. As noted above, the policies underlying FOIA do not override this jurisdictional requirement. In addition, in Burnett, the plaintiff's state action had been dismissed rather than simply transferred because Ohio law did not allow for transfer when venue was improper. Had the plaintiff sued in federal court in Ohio, his claim would simply have been transferred to a proper district, and thereby saved from the time bar. Earlier Supreme Court decisions had established that Congress intended FELA to operate uniformly in all jurisdictions, regardless of local procedural rules; in Burnett, the Court found that this uniformity would be destroyed if the statute were not tolled in light of Ohio's prohibition on transfer for improper venue. Id. at 433. No such considerations militate against application of section 2401(a) here. On the contrary, to toll the statute would depart from the well recognized rule that dismissals without prejudice have no effect on the running of limitations period.
Plaintiff's final objection to the application of section 2401(a) in this case is perhaps his most compelling. He argues that the statute should not begin to run until all administrative appeals have been completed. To be sure, such an argument is not without persuasion. It is consistent with the general policy underlying the requirement that all administrative remedies be exhausted before redress is sought through the courts. Moreover, it seems particularly unfair to allow an agency to process a request for more than six years and then hide behind section 2401(a) when that processing is subsequently challenged in court.
Nonetheless, the Court is not at liberty to toll the statute precisely because Congress has expressly provided that where an agency fails to respond to a request within ten working days, the requester is deemed to have exhausted his or her administrative remedies. Congress, therefore, has established when a cause of action under FOIA accrues, and this Court may not disregard that determination. Nor is this rule unfair. Without the constructive exhaustion provision, agencies could delay processing requests indefinitely and completely frustrate judicial review. Congress prevented such a result by allowing requesters to institute suit before administrative review is completed. FOIA plaintiffs, however, must take the bitter with the sweet. Congress opened the door to the court house earlier than it might have in order to assist those seeking documents; that the door closes sooner is neither unfair nor, as plaintiff seems to believe, unexpected.
As earlier noted, those cases where the administrative review process exceeds six years, a requester can preserve his or her rights by filing suit and then seeking a stay pending resolution of any administrative appeals.
Lastly, plaintiff cites language from Impro Products, Inc. v. Block, in which this Court of Appeals, in discussing when a cause of action is perfected, stated that "in the agency context, the logical inference is that the cause of action accrues when all statutorily required or permitted agency review has been exhausted." 722 F.2d at 85. As that case did not involve any permissive, as opposed to mandatory, administrative review, the court's observation with respect to "permitted agency review" is dicta, and is inconsistent with a series of cases holding that permissive review does not toll the statute of limitations. See Bonen v. United States, 229 Ct. Cl. 144, 666 F.2d 536, 539 (Ct. Cl. 1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 991, 102 S. Ct. 2273, 73 L. Ed. 2d 1286 (1982); Bruno v. United States, 214 Ct. Cl. 383, 556 F.2d 1104, 1105-06 (Ct. Cl. 1977); Camacho v. United States, 494 F.2d 1363, 1369 (Ct. Cl. 1974).
More importantly, however, there is no need in this case to draw "logical inferences" as to when a cause of action accrues, since FOIA expressly establishes when such a right is perfected. The statute's constructive exhaustion provision simply leaves no doubt as to when a cause of action accrues, and effectively precludes tolling the statute while administrative appeals are processed.
Accordingly, for all the foregoing reasons, the Court concludes that plaintiff's claim is barred by the applicable statute of limitations and must therefore be dismissed.
It is this 9th day of July, 1986,
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CC-MAIN-2016-44
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Think back about some of the most memorable experiences in your life. What comes to mind -- a bunch of WORDS, or a complete mental picture? Well, unless you are a robot who thinks in binary code, your favorite memories are probably rooted in rich images, tastes, smells and sounds. It's the richness of this "visualization" which makes our most cherished experiences truly memorable.
You should take this same principle to heart when you are trying to reach an audience with a persuasive message. Your customers will react much more strongly to a message that "conjures" up strong images and emotions. Customers don't really buy benefits or features -- they buy an IMAGE of themselves using the product and getting those benefits and advantages. If you can help make that image into a positive one, one that creates feelings of happiness and satisfaction, they will probably buy your product.
To capture these kinds of feelings, you want your words to paint a picture in the minds of your audience -- a picture that they can keep with them long after the exact words of your message have faded from memory.
But how can you do this? The key here is creating the image in your mind FIRST, and then using your language to evoke that same image in the minds of your customer. Here are some tips for how you can make your words create that kind of mental picture:
- Use expressive language. Don't be afraid to use adjectives or phrases that describe the EMOTIONAL aspects of your product or service. Try to describe to your customers how using your product or service will make them feel.
The best way I have found to evoke feeling is to think about how I felt when I used the product and then turn my experience into customer-directed "imagine feeling like this" statements. For instance, if you were promoting a reading comprehension course for children, you could look back at your own experiences as a parent and say something like, "Imagine the feeling of quiet pride you will have as you watch your child read their first book by themselves."
- Be specific. Brevity might be the soul of wit, but details are the spice of life. Details provide nice reference points for visualization. They are like little clues that help the customer create the desired image in their mind. "Imagine yourself on a boat" does not have the same evocative feel as "Imagine yourself on the deck of your sailboat, gazing at the sunset as the breeze blows through your hair." The latter sentence might be hokey, but it creates a much fuller picture, doesn't it?
- Be clear. Nothing will ruin a mental image faster than a confusing or unclear idea. I don't know how many times I've been reading about a "business opportunity" and found myself wondering, "what in the world are they talking about?" When you try to figure out a question like that, you are using most of your mental capacity to analyze, NOT to visualize.
- Use the audience's experience to help you. Remember that your audience has a wealth of experiences that you can draw upon. This works well because you can create a lot of detail with just a few words. The "trick" is knowing what your audience has experienced and using that knowledge appropriately.
For example, if you were trying to evoke the great, yet scary, feeling of starting your own business, you could call upon your audience's experiences by saying, "Think back on the day on the day you first rode your bike without the training wheels" -- since most of us have had this experience, we would just fill in the mental picture with our own details -- Presto! A complete visualization created in only 17 words!
Being able to help your customers visualize is the difference between writing text that is simply informative, and writing text that is truly provocative. A picture may be worth a thousand words, but remember that a few words can often cause your audience to paint a picture in their minds -- a picture that you can use to show the qualities of your product or service.
Ron Sathoff is a noted speaker and manager of DrNunley's http://InternetWriters.com. Ron works with business speakers and writers, helping them with their copy-writing, marketing, and Internet promotion. Reach him at email@example.com or 801-328-9006.
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://www.businessknowhow.com/marketing/visualize.htm
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Picture Of The Day" comes this shot of a 1956 IBM hard drive.
It weighed more than 1 ton and stored 5 megabytes of data. It
would have taken more than 1,000 of these to store the same
amount of data that you can store today in a thumb drive.
Picture Of The Day
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://www.businessinsider.com/1956-hard-drive-2011-6
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|
en
| 0.920147
| 65
| 2.25
| 2
|
The human brain continues to grow during the teen years, well into the twenties. It’s a scientific fact that abusing drugs and alcohol while your brain is still developing can change the brain’s structure and how it works—both in the short and long term.
Yale University scientists recently explored how some of these changes occur when the brain is exposed to the stimulant cocaine—and learned that some changes result from the brain trying to protect itself.
Your Brain’s Self-Defense
When exposed to cocaine for the first time, the teen brain tries to defend itself against the harmful drug by changing the shape of the brain cells (or neurons) and synapses. This defensive reaction is controlled by a certain pathway in the brain involving integrin beta1, a crucial gene in the development of the nervous system in humans and most animals. The scientists discovered that if they blocked the pathway—and prevented this cell-shape change—the mice became three times more sensitive to the effects of cocaine.
This research may explain why some people who use cocaine end up addicted to the drug while others escape its worst effects. Everyone’s genetic makeup is unique. It’s possible that those with strong integrin beta1 pathways are better able to avoid the dangerous effects of the drug. More research is needed to discover which genes can protect the brain from the effects of cocaine and other drugs.
Good News: Cocaine Use Is Down
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<urn:uuid:d7fc3414-4a36-4d9c-9730-d49f9132ca92>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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https://teens.drugabuse.gov/blog/post/cocaine-teen-brain
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Reading 960 and 961 offer instruction at the basic skills levels, a key component to the mission of community college education.
Reading 053 prepares students for collegiate transfer because the instruction in reading/study
strategies and opportunities to develop critical thinking support all other coursework.
Reading 915 offers support to students enrolled in transfer-level discipline-specific courses
The Reading Lab offers additional support to students at all levels.
The department’s emphasis on the connection between reading and writing as complementary skills promotes the development of students’ aggregate literacy and communication skills, skills crucial to the strength of California’s workforce and economic growth.
The Reading Department also furthers numerous aspects of the college’s strategic goals.
The Reading department has previously offered learning communities through paired Reading and Writing courses, including those in the Puente, Success, and First Year Experience programs.
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CC-MAIN-2016-44
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http://www.westvalley.edu/academics/language_arts/reading/
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Essay: PepsiCo overview and Industry Analysis
In a hot and humid summer of 1989, a young pharmacist, Caleb Bradham came up with an astonishing formula of a beverage that revolutionized the face of beverage industry. That formula belongs to a drink which is today known to the whole world as Pepsi Cola. (PepsiCo, n.d)
PepsiCo started its business with a soft drink and now it has accumulated a major portion of snack food industry having products like Lays and Quaker Oats and juices section like Tropicana and Slice as well as a range of varied flavor beverages like Marinda, Team, and Mountain Dew etc. (Datamonitor, 2003) This paper is primarily focused on the marketing strategies of Pepsi-Cola.
Before moving to the marketing strategies of Pepsi, let’s have a look on the soft drink industry and its present scenario and future prospects. Soft drink industry analysis is characterized by four main factors; economic factors affecting the industry, porter’s five forces model, industrial norms, and the industry’s key factors. Economic factors constitute the size of the market in which company operates and industry attractiveness e.g. in case of Pepsi, industry attractiveness is governed by demand of soft drinks as against other non-alcoholic drinks. With the passage of time this percentage has been increasing rapidly. Other two economic factors, growth rate and profitability, show a stable trend in case of soft drinks due to saturation of market. Profitability is strong but the growth in profits is very minor (Deichert, Ellenbecker, Klehr, Pesarchick, & Ziegler, 2006).
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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http://www.perfectcustomessay.com/essay-pepsico-overview-and-industry-analysis/
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en
| 0.941531
| 346
| 2.328125
| 2
|
Can Pipe Flow Advisor calculate tank emptying time?
Yes. Pipe Flow Advisor can calculate the time taken for a tank to empty of fluid (water or similar fluid) with discharge flow occurring under gravity.
The emptying time calculations assume the fluid is water. This particular software does not calculate flow rates or tank emptying times for other fluids with different densities and viscosities (i.e. the programs assumes the fluid is water).
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<urn:uuid:aead7f5c-aa01-463d-80eb-14ff71cd1f44>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://www.pipeflow.com/software-support/pipe-flow-advisor-calculate-tank-empty-time
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|
en
| 0.86073
| 90
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| 2
|
Mark Zuckerberg, Facebook’s CEO, in a tie? Oh my.
If you know Mark you know he’s a pretty casual dresser. Usually seen in T-shirt, jeans, and sandals.
But not here at the World Economic Forum where we walked around downtown Davos last night for a while before heading into the Time Magazine’s reception. Last year we did a similar walk where I got to know him better.
This year people at the party noted his tie and he explained that he was wearing it to denote that this was Facebook’s “intense” year.
Last year when we walked around Davos they had about 50 million users. Today? More than 150 million with about 450,000 new users joining every day.
This is Facebook’s make or break year. It is the year that will set them up to be one of Silicon Valley’s most respected brands along with HP, Intel, Google or, well, it could be the year that the wheels come off of the train and everything goes wrong.
The tie is his way of telling his team and the world that this is Facebook’s most intense year.
We talked about a few other things too, here’s a selection.
**I gave him heck for kicking off people from Facebook who didn’t deserve the “death penalty,” as I put it. He said that they are always looking at how to protect its system from spammers and bad actors. “We’d rather put up with a few false positives,” he told me. He did like my idea of a less punitive “jail” for first-time offenders, though, so that the team can turn off certain features instead of just killing the account altogether. He also said that his system looks for “outlying” behavior. He said if you behave like an average user you should never trigger the algorithms that will get you kicked off. Of course, that irks me a bit because my usage of social media sites is totally outlier behavior. But, I can see his point. One thing that’s nice about Facebook is that I see very little spam or other nasty behavior.
**Facebook is, he told me, studying “sentiment” behavior. It hasn’t yet used that research in its public service yet, but is looking to figure out if people are having a good day or bad day. He said that already his teams are able to sense when nasty news, like stock prices are headed down, is underway. He also told me that the sentiment engine notices a lot of “going out” kinds of messages on Friday afternoon and then notices a lot of “hungover” messages on Saturday morning. He’s not sure where that research will lead. We talked about how sentiment analysis might lead to a new kind of news display in Facebook. Knowing whether a story is positive or negative would let Facebook pick a good selection of both kinds of news, or maybe even let you choose whether you want to see only “happy” news.
**At the Time Magazine party tons of people came up to him to tell him their Facebook stories. He deals with them graciously and talks to them about features in Facebook they might try. He noted with one such fan that lots of people haven’t played with the privacy settings, which give you control over who can see your photos, for instance. I think that’s really why Facebook is so popular. I know my wife really loves Facebook but hasn’t taken to Twitter or friendfeed. I sense that her ability to control which friends see her stuff is one reason why she’s so enthusiastic about Facebook. The second in command at Time, Michael Elliot said he would be so cool with his kids if they new he was hanging out with Zuckerberg.
**He asked me what I was most excited about. We talked about friendfeed. It’s clear to me that he’s watching friendfeed and learning from it about what works and doesn’t work. We talked about how it let me “sift” through tons of news and noise and pick things out for my friends to read. He’s very interested in that trend and, indeed, took a lot of shots when he added a newsfeed to Facebook. Now, he notes, that is a key feature of Facebook and even the haters have gotten used to it.
**He attended Vladimir Putin’s talk and thought Putin’s talk was interesting. “He is running Russia like the CEO of a big oil company,” Zuckerberg told me. As we talked it was clear that Zuckerberg analyzes how other people run things and is looking for positive things to do with his own company and is looking for what turns him off. He studied Psychology at Harvard and I see that training come out when discussing world events with him. You can also see his understanding of how people work all through Facebook.
**He, along with Tony Blair, will be running the coat check at tonight’s Women’s Dinner. He was trying to rope Jet Li, famous martial arts star, into doing it too.
Anyway, I like the new intensity, but I did note that he was still wearing jeans and had his top button undone. Casual intensity. Sounds like Facebook is growing up, doesn’t it?
I have other photos from Davos up on my Flickr account.
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<urn:uuid:96e1ce30-9d20-4756-9f61-a3014a24fd9a>
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CC-MAIN-2016-44
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http://scobleizer.com/tag/wef09/
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|
en
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The Courtship - Relationship Pendant
From The Artist
I recently created the painting used to make this pendant for a single friend to put in the relationship corner of her home. It was to serve as a powerful symbol of mates, the beauty and joy of their courtship. My friend has been alone for quite some time. We both felt it would bring that energy of a new mate into her life.
I thought I should create prints for others in this situation or for those who just love cardinals. Cardinals always brighten my day and the prints bring a lot of cheer into a room.
Growing up, I remember that even on a winter's day, and especially in spring, the sound of mated cardinals would cheer my most gloomy mood. Everyone stops to look. Everyone loves them.
What's also interesting about them is that both sing, and both share in parenting. It is as if they represent the perfect companions.
We are offering this beautiful pendant, size 1.75" x 1.75" inches. Just click "Add To Cart" above. Hand made with loving care. Chakra balanced and energy enhanced by the artist. Fired resinated glass, ground opal, on stainless. Argentium silver bale. Pendant only. Item is not sold with a chain.
About The Artist
A prodigy artist from a young age, Julia Watkins is best known as the founder of the Energism Art Movement, a style of art and concept where artists created art designed to help one connect to positive metaphysical energy and achieve higher levels of consciousness through art. Her paintings are in the collections of Deepak Chopra, Carnegie Mellon and Children's hospital. For more information on Julia Watkins visit her website at
www.platris.com or visit her on facebook and see what others have to say at: https://www.facebook.com/pages/Energy-Artist-Julia/153285945646
Please Note: DUE TO LARGE DEMAND FOR THESE ITEMS PLEASE ALLOW TWO WEEKS FOR YOUR ORDER TO SHIP.
This page, image and text © Copyright 2012, Julia Watkins
All Rights Reserved. May not be reproduced, copied or otherwise used without written permission.
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Parents ought to educate youngsters to see studying as exploration. It will help give them a sense of dedication, which they can manufacture into grit when the going gets tough. Researchers say the physical act of touching pen to paper creates a stronger cognitive link to the fabric than merely typing, which occurs far too rapidly for retention to take place.
Rather than learning something in one way, similar to reading, attempt listening to a podcast, or watching a video. Combining auditory and visual studying reinforces reminiscence higher than merely using one methodology. Across three research those that wrote out their notes by hand had a greater conceptual understanding of the material than those that took notes with their laptops. They had been additionally higher at integrating and making use of the material coated. The advantages of memory palaces donât just finish with learning and reminiscence.
You can join together fully unrelated concepts or objects. For example, when attempting to memorize the periodic desk, you’ll be able to connect parts, their atomic numbers, and symbols with something you understand very well. It can be virtually anything (names of favourite songs, colors, fruits, and so on.) with which you can make vivid associations. Thus, you possibly can create a system of such connections and recall them throughout exams or everytime you need them.
And if you asked them a day later to recall the identical words, they would fail miserably. Itâs good and easy, and it makes sense â information is out there in, and we store it safely in our mind till we have to recall it. âOh pricey, thatâs a small and weak wanting reminiscence â no wonder youâre forgetfulâ. As an expert reminiscence coach, people say to me all the time -„I have a terrible reminiscence.“ Are you discovering it more and more tough to concentrate on one task and to withstand the temptation of regularly glancing at your phone?
If you attempt to memorize things and examine onerous, you’re forcing your brain into learning and the effect is that you simply donât learn well. I am about to be taught a brand new approach for studying faster. But if you use the strategies I teach in that podcast to get a worldwide overview of the e-book you have to learn, youâll have a map. This map will set the stage for your expertise of the territory. When I created this Infographic and Podcast episode instructing you the means to realistically memorize a textbook, I had no concept individuals would find it so sensible and useful. One of the explanations some people find the educational https://writeoutcamp.org/about/ process so painful is that they donât ask a easy query.
For example, I even have a really strong âwhyâ behind why I want to learn Hebrew. My father’s from Israel and his household nonetheless lives there. Since he handed away, one of my desires is to travel to Israel and be succesful of communicate fluently together with his household, and then possibly one day converse to my dad in heaven.
This will reinforce every little thing you simply have simply realized by applying it experientially. To optimize your memorization session, pay close consideration to which setting you select. For most people, this implies choosing an space with few distractions, although some people do thrive off of studying in public areas. Figure out what is most conducive to your learning so as to get started.
Studies have proven that chewing gum will increase activity in the hippocampus, which is a vital area within the brain for reminiscence. This considerably is related to the fact that testing your self gives you more context into understanding what youâve learnt. It so generally done that lots of us can even kind quicker than we will write. A lot of people are inclined to take notes with their computed gadgets maybe their mobile phone, tablet, iPad, or their PC. Scientists say that energetic involvement, like this one, advantages studying and reminiscence.
When you canât clear up an issue with focused pondering and take a break, Eureka moments can happen. Every time you sit down there, your brain will know itâs game time. Research exhibits that eating berries may help stave off memory decline. The results began after simply three weeks and continued for the size of the examine. In a charming letter to his son Hans, Albert Einstein mentioned one of the only ways to be taught is to take pleasure in something to the purpose where you donât even discover the time passing. Harvard biologist/psychologist Steven Pinkerâs profession is a testament to the benefits of multidisciplinary thinking.
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the valanga di vita Inc is a 501c3 public service organization.
We are building paradise together, with our friends:
friends in Chelsea,Greenpoint, Midtown, Ozone Park,: the Leo House, the Lot Radio, Frassati Fellowship, St Colomba Church, our Lady of Guadalupe Church, The Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Church, Romeo Pizza, baskin Robbins ice cream, Casa del Sagrado Corazon de Beata Petra de San Jose del Monte, The Bergamot, Taco Bell, Dunkin Doughnuts, Joe's Coffee, Starbucks, Rite Aid, CVS, Lucky Burger, Barnes and Nobles, Zia Maria, The Chelsea Square Diner, Megabus snack cart, Venchi's ice cream,
EWHO: Engelblau is the personification of the angel in this painting, titled "the listening angel" by Paul Klee. Just as German philosopher Walter Benjamin adopted Klee's Angelus Novus and baptized it as the angel of history, so the Valanga di Vita has adopted Engelblau. Engelblau is the angel listening at God's door in Paradise and passing on what he hears. As an educational program, this might be called "Angelic Apprenticeship."
The middle school curriculum focuses on The Lord of the Rings and its historical context, scientific, economic, philosophical etc. The high school curriculum is modeled after Pasolini's suggestions in "I giovani infelici. Moreover, in order to grasp the agenda of Pier giorgio Frassati and how it may answer the question of Pier Paolo Pasolini, it might be expedient to take Frassati's volcano curriculum, which he studied at the University: geology, volcanology astronomy, physics. The disciples of Jesus spent three years in his company, though traditional college lasts four years instead. But it is not necessary to believe in any particular religion to follow engel.
tWHERE? At Uriel University's Education to Eden. To get from the wild wood back to the glad gardens an adult entering the skandalon program, it might be easiest to think of it in terms of Linden woods, cf Kerouac in his Ozone park phase, or : Thoreau: why I went to the woods, Dante, I got lost in the woods, Pasolini, I'll never get out of the woods, Tolkien, the trees were here, but they moved,
WHAT. What does engelblau want to do? Grant permanent residence in paradise, angelic asylum for everyone.
WHEN: You can sign on with Engel anytime; classes are designed for a trimester schedule with four weeks of vacation per year, siestas are encouraged, closed Sundays for festivities.
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Influential author Malcolm Gladwell’s November discussion at Penn was so dynamic it has stuck with me for a month. He managed to include Kanye West, immigration, Alva Vanderbilt and a thank you to Penn for being “extremely forgiving” in the same talk. This topical diversity, along with a Q&A moderated by Wharton Professor of Management and the Class of 1965 Chair Adam Grant, left the Penn audience, including myself, energized and buzzing. Though I overheard one student exclaim, “He’s just a guy—with crazy hair!” after the speech, the line for autographs following the event showed just how much attention Gladwell commands.
A self-professed “social science groupie,” Gladwell devoted some of his Penn talk to his new book, David and Goliath: Underdogs, Misfits and the Art of Battling Giants. Plenty of people get angry. But what makes someone angry enough to do something, to battle a giant?
Gladwell has two theories. One is lack of deterrence—the idea that if perceived benefits outweigh the costs of disobedience, people will act. This is a logical and more well-known approach to why people defy authority.
Things get interesting when you look at other examples of why people defy authority, Gladwell says.
“I think the human baseline is to cheat, so when you have a situation where people are not cheating and they should, you ask ‘Why?’” he said.
The U.S. tax system, Gladwell noted, should be the prime place where people cheat. The people in the United States are so honest on tax day, he quipped, that “the only people in the world just as honest are the Swiss, maybe.” The number of people who are audited on their tax returns every year is extremely low—and the cost of a penalty on taxes you haven’t paid usually only consists of a small fine. So the lesson here, he said, is: “You should just cheat on your taxes because you won’t get caught, and if you do, it won’t be that bad.”
Why do U.S. citizens follow the rules? Gladwell explained that the IRS has legitimacy, and that the moment Americans perceive that it does not, they have the power to gripe and affect change.
“Do you think the Greeks are honest on tax day? No!” he argued.
Greek citizens have no way to voice concerns about unfair tax laws. They do not think the taxes they pay are legitimate, nor do they feel they receive any respect from the Greek government regarding paying taxes. And that is why they cheat, he said.
This is where his second theory comes in—legitimacy. If people do not perceive an authority as legitimate, they will get angry. Gladwell notes that for an authority to be legitimate, it has to be fair, trustworthy and respectful.
Gladwell used the example of Protestants versus Catholics in Ireland in the early 1900s, and the subsequent violence that ensued throughout the last century. The growing anger of both groups led to a conflict that enveloped Northern Ireland for decades.
This year has seen its fair share of conflicts and uprisings in the Middle East and around the world. Every time you turn on the news, Edward Snowden or other government “leakers” are flashing by with messages of educating the masses about the “truth” behind what their governments are doing. Gladwell’s book about what makes a person—or a people—question authority and become angry enough to react is eerily timely. It will be interesting to see what underdogs overcome which Goliath in the year 2014.
Editor’s note: The lecture was part of the Authors@Wharton series, sponsored by the Wharton Leadership Program. View more photos of the Malcolm Gladwell talk at Penn at the Wharton Leadership Program Flickr photostream.
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DONNA Campbell is a cancer survivor.
She knows the fear, anguish and then through her own determination, the fighting spirit to take on the disease.
As she put it, "Cancer, while still a dreaded word, is definitely not always a death sentence."
Today is World Cancer Day and Cancer Council Australia hopes to dispel some of the myths surrounding the disease.
Although Ms Campbell, of Newnham, had heard some of the myths, that was all they were to her - myths.
In December 1998, Ms Campbell was diagnosed with uterine cancer and although doctors never told her, it was felt she would not live more than five years.
Yesterday, she said she's glad they never told her a thing.
"I'm very pleased I didn't know," Ms Campbell said.
"I would have only lived to 2004 and I think it would have changed my way of thinking.
"At the time all I was thinking is, `I want to get back to work."'
She said she travelled her cancer journey with the support of her surgeon and radiation oncologist.
"They were both patient with my questions and stubborn determination, but of course they were only there at times of appointments," Ms Campbell said.
"I didn't know of anyone who had my cancer.
"The journey does have its bumpy stages and such a person could have smoothed these bumps for me with their support and friendship."
This led her to resign from work and with the encouragement of her GP, enrolled in Cancer Council training to be a phone help-line volunteer, before getting involved in the Cancer Connect program.
Now she talks to people throughout Australia and New Zealand who have recently been diagnosed with uterine cancer.
"I can always hear their relief and joy when I am asked a common question - `How long since your cancer?"' she said.
"Their response to my survivorship gives me great satisfaction; a fuzzy moment."
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Pain that doesn’t get better – how Dermatomes can help
I’ve written a few times now about nerve pain and how it confuses treatment. The problems with nerve pain are:
- Identifying it
- Finding the root cause
And this is why you can be having the best tennis/golfers elbow treatment, the best carpal tunnel treatment, the best knee and leg pain treatment with no effect. Because it’s actually a problem with the nerve supplying that area not that area itself. The pain comes from somewhere else.
So how do we find that critical “somewhere else”?
Finding the root cause of pain
So, if the pain isn’t coming from where you feel it how do we find it?
- A thorough clinical, physical assessment – checking not just the painful area but also the areas that can refer pain. This takes a while!
- Talking to you! I’ve listed before various symptoms which give critical clues that the pain is related to nerves not the location – it jumps/moves, tingling, pins and needles, sharp or searing
Now a key tool in all of this is a system called Dermatomes.
So what’s a Dermatome?
A dermatome is an area of skin that is mainly supplied by a single spinal nerve. There are 30 in total, one for each squishy disc between the bony discs of the spine.
And they follow a general pattern. So if all your pain keeps jumping about in a specific area, or you get tingling or pins and needles across a certain part, breathing difficulties, loss of sensation or a feeling of cold in a particular body part, even a rash, we check to see if these correspond to a dermatome. Then we can use that to identify the nerve affected and check the spine.
So they are an amazingly useful diagnostic tool to identify the root cause of those difficult to treat nerve pain issues. Because if we treat the root cause the symptoms go away.
Dermatomes and Thermal Imaging
One of the biggest tools in my arsenal when it comes to diagnosing and explaining nerve pain is my Thermal Imaging camera. This is because of how the body passes the information to the skin for the camera to “see”.
For a large part the thermal imaging camera reads/sees nerve activity passed to the skin. So, broadly speaking, we see heat in areas of inflammation and cold in areas where there is a lack of nerve function.
You can see a great example here of how we can see whether the pain in the elbow is actually tennis elbow or in fact referred neck pain.
In classic sciatica we would expect to see a lot of heat at the lumbar spine with a corresponding cold patch in the lower legs which mimics the dermatome.
This makes diagnosing and identifying the correct spinal disc to treat easy and painless (traditional nerve function tests are pretty darn uncomfortable!). It also helps you, the patient, understand what’s going on. It can be very difficult to understand, and frustrating when I want to treat your neck but it’s your elbow that hurts, by showing you an image and explaining what’s going on this can often make it easier to understand.
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This chapter describes how to create an environment on BS2000/OSD, where external procedure calls can operate. It complements the chapter about External Routines in the Fundamentals section of Oracle Database Advanced Application Developer's Guide.
This section complements the corresponding part in Oracle Database Advanced Application Developer's Guide.
Follow these steps to load external procedures:
Set up the environment.
An external procedure does not run in the same process and address space as the caller. Oracle creates separate processes for them to operate in a safe and secure manner. For this purpose Oracle Net Services features are used and it is the responsibility of the user to provide appropriate Oracle Net Services parameter files. In this section, we have documented an example of how it can work. For more information, refer to Oracle Database Advanced Application Developer's Guide, Oracle Database Data Cartridge Developer's Guide, and Oracle Database Net Services documentation set.
listener.ora file should have the following entry:
(SID_DESC = (SID_NAME = ep_agt1) (ENVS = EXTPROC_DLLS=ANY) (ORACLE_SID = sid_of_your_database) (PROGRAM = EXTPROC) )
tnsnames.ora file should have the following entry:
extproc_connection_data = (DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS =(PROTOCOL=ipc) (KEY = sid_of_your_database)(CONNECT_DATA =(PRESENTATION=RO) (SID = ep_agt1)))
Then you can start a listener.
Identify the 'DLL'.
A DLL in the BS2000 environment is a BS2000 LMS library containing the functions called as external procedures. When
EXTPROC is loaded these functions are dynamically bound to the program.
Use the following command to identify your library to Oracle:
CREATE LIBRARY my_c_library AS '$myuserid.my-modlib';
The external C routine has to be compiled and the generated LLM has to be stored in the LMS library. If you set the
*NO, then all lowercase letters in the entry names are converted to uppercase.
Furthermore, if you set the MODULE-PROPERTIES option
*CONVERT-TO-DOLLAR, then all underscores (
_) in entry names are converted to dollar signs (
$), which must be considered when publishing the external procedure.
Publishing and running external procedures does not differ from the description in Oracle Database Advanced Application Developer's Guide. Result messages about the execution of the external procedure can be found in a file named
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Posted on March 11th, 2009 by
According to the results of a Phase III clinical trial, the addition of Avastin® (bevacizimab) to chemotherapy with Gemzar® (gemcitabine) and Platinol® (cisplatin) resulted in better progression-free survival than chemotherapy alone among patients with advanced, nonsquamous non–small cell lung cancer. The results of this study were published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
Non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for roughly 85% of all lung cancer. In advanced NSCLC, cancer has spread outside the lung. Initial treatment for patients with advanced NSCLC typically involves combination chemotherapy.
Avastin is a targeted anticancer drug that slows or prevents the growth of new blood vessels by inhibiting a protein known as VEGF; this deprives the cancer of oxygen and nutrients. Through its effects on blood vessels, Avastin may also improve the delivery of chemotherapy to cancer. Avastin has been shown to improve treatment outcomes in selected patients with advanced colorectal, breast, and non–small cell lung cancer, and is also being evaluated in other types of cancer.
For patients with advanced, nonsquamous NSCLC, the addition of Avastin to chemotherapy with Paraplatin® (carboplatin) and Taxol® (paclitaxel) has been shown to improve survival. To explore the effect of adding Avastin to another chemotherapy combination (Gemzar and Platinol), researchers conducted a Phase III clinical trial among 1,043 patients with advanced, nonsquamous NSCLC.
All of the study participants received chemotherapy with Gemzar and Platinol. In addition to chemotherapy, one-third of the patients received low-dose Avastin, one-third received high-dose Avastin, and one-third received a placebo.
These results provide additional evidence that the addition of Avastin to chemotherapy improves outcomes among patients with advanced nonsquamous NSCLC.
Reck M, von Pawel J, Zatloukal P et al. Phase III trial of cisplatin plus gemcitabine with either placebo or bevacizumab as first-line therapy for nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer: AVAiL. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2009;27:1227-1234.
Copyright © 2010 CancerConsultants. All Rights Reserved.
You must be logged-in to the site to post a comment.
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The bat-eared fox is a canid of the African savanna. It is named after its huge ears. Bat-eared foxes have tawny fur, their ears, legs and parts of the face are black. They are 21.65 in (55 cm) long (head and body). Their ears are 5.12 in (13 cm) long. It is the only species in the genus Otocyon.
The teeth of the bat-eared fox are much smaller than teeth of other canid species. This is an adaptation to their insectivorous diet. 80% of the diet consists of insects. Bat-eared foxes visit termite hills, follow locust swarms or stay close to herds of zebras or antelopes in order to feed on the insects landing on their excrements. In addition to insects bat-eared foxes eat rodents, birds and eggs, and sometimes fruits.
Bat-eared foxes are nocturnal animals that live in small groups consisting of a couple and their young. The pairs live in dens and raise the pups (two to five) together.
Due to their unusual teeth, Bat-eared foxes were once considered as a distinct subfamily of canids (Otocyoninae). However, they are closely related to the true foxes of the genus Vulpes. Other research places the genus as an out-group that is not very closely related to foxes. The bat-eared fox is an old species that was widely distributed in the Pleistocene era. In that time it even lived in parts of West and South Asia.
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An assessment of primary health care services from the: perspective of the recipients in the Khayelitsha community health centre
MetadataShow full item record
The general aim of this study is to undertake an assessment of the health care service provision in the Khayelitsha Community Health Centre taking into consideration the underlying principles of the Primary Health Care. More specific objectives include: an overview and discussion of the framework approach to primary health care and its use; the documentation of the practice of primary health care in the Khayelitsha Community Health Centre; an analysis of the results and findings which will highlight the obstacles in the pursuit of a better primary health care service. The perspective of the patients and nurses will be solicited and examined with a view to highlighting factors that facilitate and constrain the delivery of service; and finally to draw conclusions and make recommendations.
Showing items related by title, author, creator and subject.
A critical assessment of the quality of decentralised primary health care services in the cape metro district of the Western Cape Peton, Neshaan (2009)The complex and multi-facet decentralisation process of Primary Health Care services in the Cape Metro District of the Western Cape will be critically assessed in this thesis. Primary Health Care is the provision of ...
Padarath, Ashnie Pooran (University of the Western Cape, 2009)In South Africa, governance structures in the form of clinic committees, hospital boards and district health councils are intended to provide expression to the principle of community participation at a local and district ...
Community participation in the recruitment of community health workers: a case study of the three community health worker programmes in South Africa Zembe, Yanga (University of the Western Cape, 2009)This research investigates the nature and extent of community participation and involvement in the recruitment and selection processes for Community Health Workers (CHWs), primarily through detailed case studies of three ...
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On the face of it and by his own admission, George Zimmerman shot and killed Trayvon Martin. Zimmerman claimed he did so out of self-defense. Legions of professional pundits, armchair analysts, community organizers, gun control advocates and opportunistic politicians have rejected Zimmerman’s explanation. They maintain that the “real” cause lies elsewhere: an inherently dangerous mixture of latent racism and lax gun laws. But the actual culprit in this case is far more subtle. The killer is . . .
Sugar. That’s right, sucrose.
Trayvon didn’t venture out of an apartment in Sanford, Florida, at night, in the rain, to go in search of a comic book or the latest edition of Sports Illustrated. He went to the local 7-11 and bought a package of Skittles and a bottle of Arizona Iced Tea.
A small bag of Skittles packs a 45 gram sugar punch. A bottle of Arizona Iced Tea contains 24 grams of sugar. That’s 69 grams of sugar; the equivalent of over 20 teaspoons of the sweet stuff.
“The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) advises adults who eat a 2,000-calorie diet to limit sugar intake to about 40 grams (10 teaspoons) of added sugar per day,” dailysugarintake.net reports. “A teenager who follows a healthy diet can take about 18 teaspoons of added sugars, according to USDA.”
The average sugar intake of teenager is about 34 teaspoons of sugar per day. Again, Martin was carrying 69 grams at the time of his death.
How much sugar did Trayvon have in his bloodstream at the time of his death (i.e. what was his blood sugar level)? I don’t think his autopsy report will reveal this fact. And yet it may be crucial to a full understanding of the shooting.
Zimmerman says that Martin instigated the confrontation that lead to his death. Zimmerman claims (through his lawyer and father) that Martin confronted and punched him without provocation. There is a direct link between sugar consumption and violent behavior. If you’ve ever given a kid a Hershey bar before bedtime, you’ve seen the frightening results.
Stephen J. Schoenthaler, Ph.D., a sociology professor at the Stanislaus campus of California State University, had a hunch there was a link between three alarming statistical curves: the number of incidences of useless violence, the increased consumption of fast foods, and the increased consumption of processed sugars. He convinced a large-scale prison facility in Virginia to help him conduct a study with inmates. Initially the prisoners were fed a typical American diet that included white bread, hamburgers, sausages, fried potatoes, cookies, sweet snacks, and soft drinks. After a few days they were switched to a whole food diet that included plenty of fresh vegetables, fruits, whole meal bread, as well as fish and lean meats.
The results were remarkable. Once they moved on to healthy foods, behavior problems, such as violence and verbal abusiveness, immediately decreased. When they were switched back to the soft drinks and fatty foods, behavior problems returned.
Now it could be the Martin was suffering from a lack of sugar. That the Florida teen was going through sugar withdrawal. In which case he would have been on a sugar low. Low blood sugar has a negative effect on higher brain function.
(Hypoglycemia) can produce a variety of symptoms and effects but the principal problems arise from an inadequate supply of glucose to thebrain, resulting in impairment of function (neuroglycopenia). Effects can range from mild dysphoria to more serious issues such as seizures, unconsciousness, and (rarely) permanent brain damage or death.
That’s right, dysphoria means depression and discontent. Just the kind of state of mind that might have contributed to a confrontation.
It sounds bizarre, but Zimmerman’s attorneys could choose to deploy a reverse version of the infamous Twinkie defense. They could blame the altercation and eventual shooting on Trayvon’s sugar-laden diet and the effects it had on his behavior. Especially if they can prove that A) Martin ate a sugar-laden junk food diet and B) Martin had history of “unprovoked” verbal or physical violence and/or ongoing discipline problems.
If the sugar issue rears its ugly head (as it has here), Martin’s dietary deficiencies (should they exist) could have larger implications on the the issue of violence in society in general. And attempts to limit same.
New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg, for example, has used his bully pulpit—and legal powers—to tell New Yorkers what they should and shouldn’t put in in their bodies. He’s cracked down on regulations regarding salt, saturated fats and, of course, cigarette smoke.
In any case, George Zimmerman seems likely to end-up in court. If so, he will have to prove there was a reason why Martin attacked him for no apparent reason. Someone should remind Zimmerman’s lawyers that you are what you eat.
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Every year since 1944, when President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed a proclamation, the third week of September has been dedicated to National Farm Safety & Health Week. The recognition week is designed to educate farmers and help prevent injuries that occur on the farm. Whether you’ve been harvesting for a lifetime, or 2015 marks your first time in the combine, remember: Safety first. “You’ve spent an entire year getting your crop from planting to harvest. Naturally you’re excited to get it out of the field as quickly as you can,” says Kelly Kravig, platform marketing manager for combines and headers at Case IH North America.
“But sleep deprivation is a real problem. Combine accidents can happen because guys get tired and aren’t paying attention. So get enough rest, slow down, and think about what you’re doing.”
Statistics back up Kravig’s suggestions. According to the Occupational Safety & Health Association, agriculture ranks among the most dangerous industries. Every day, about 243 agricultural workers suffer a serious lost-work-time injury. Kravig recommends daily combine inspections during harvest. “When you’re checking your oil and fluid levels, you should also clean out trash and debris so it’s not building up. Make sure the fire extinguishers are fully charged. And check the shields on the belts, pulleys and chains. There’s a good reason they’re shielded.”
Another Kravig recommendation: Check the torque on your wheel bolts. “With the size of today’s combines, there’s a lot of weight on the tires and rims – especially in muddy conditions. If the bolts weren’t fully torqued initially, they may loosen a little bit. At the ProHarvest Kickoff, we show custom harvesting crews how to put a little mark on the bolt with a Sharpie so they can see if the bolt has moved.”
In addition to helping keep harvest season safe and productive, Case IH has also partnered with Farm Bureau to save members’ money. Ohio Farm Bureau members save $500 per unit on Case IH Maxxum® tractors, Farmall® C and U series utility and 100A series tractors, self-propelled windrowers and large square balers. A $300 per unit incentive is available for Case IH compact Farmall® B and C series tractors, Case IH Scout® utility vehicles and other hay tools, including round balers, small square balers, disc mower conditioners and sickle mower conditioners. Combine the Farm Bureau incentive with other discounts, promotions, rebates, or offers that may be available from Case IH or your Case IH dealer.
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The CDC posted a press release last month revealing STDs are at an unprecedented high in the U.S. In fact, “despite recent declines, 2015 was the second year in a row in which increases were seen in all three nationally reported STDs.” It will be interesting to see where these numbers come in at the end of 2016. The increases from just 2014 to 2015 ranged from a 5.9% increase of chlamydia to a 19.0% increase of P&S syphilis.
This is where everyone begins tossing theories around. Some blame budget cuts for education, and others blame social media. They’re actually calling it the “Tinder Effect,” blaming dating apps that encourage casual sex.
The consequences of casual sex are only magnified by yet another new CDC report comparing the overall physical and mental health of both sexually active heterosexual and LGBTQ young people with virgins and concluding, “students who had no sexual contact have a much lower prevalence of most health-risk behaviors.” Yes, you read that correctly. The CDC just published a report revealing virgins are less likely to smoke, drink, use drugs, feel depressed, attempt suicide, and engage in over a dozen different risky behaviors. (We’ve began seeing quite a few articles highlighting these vast differences.)
Hmmmmmm. Could it be that some people are actually noticing sex matters?
Those who are engaging in casual sex are paying a big price. So what is the cause behind this unprecedented increase in STDs?
As a guy who has my eyes on these articles every day, I wouldn’t dare suggest one specific cause of this increase in STDs. It’s probably a little messier than that. Sadly, I see numerous sources providing misinformation about sexual activity:
- Sexually charged television is becoming more commonplace and easier to access.
- We’ve seen a huge increase in the availability of porn and the consequences of frequent viewing.
- There is a growing number of hookup apps available.
- Today’s teen role models are overtly sexual.
- Today’s top music is not only overtly sensual, but encourages casual sex.
Don’t take my word for it; just take a listen to the messages young people are listening to day in and day out. For example: Common Sense Media revealed teens average almost 2 hours per day just listening to music (out of their 9-hours per day entertainment media diet).
Is music a big part of this misinformation?
I’ll let you decide.
Here’s a sample of some of those lyrics from the top of the Billboard charts right now:
Closer, by The Chainsmokers (No. 2 on the charts)
Now you’re looking pretty in a hotel bar
And I can’t stop
No, I can’t stop
So baby pull me closer in the backseat of your Rover…
24K Magic, by Bruno Mars (No. 4 on the charts)
Oh sh*t, I’m a dangerous man with some money in my pocket (keep up)
So many pretty girls around me and they waking up the rocket (keep up)…
Side to Side, by Ariana Grande (No. 6 on the charts)
Feeling like I wanna rock with your body
And we don’t gotta think ’bout nothin’
I’m comin’ at ya
‘Cause I know you got a bad reputation
Doesn’t matter, ’cause you give me temptation…
Wrist icicle, ride d**k bicycle…
Broccoli, by D.R.A.M. (No. 9 on the charts)
Whispered in my ear she trying to leave with me (She wanna f**k)
Said that I can get that p**sy easily (I’m gonna f**k)
Caroline, by Amine (No. 12 on the charts)
Don’t wanna talk it out, can we f**k it out?
Cause we gon’ be up all night, f**k a decaf
You say I’m a tall thug, guess I’m a G-raffe
If ya want safe-sex, baby use the knee pads
Freaky with the sticky icky…
Starving, by Hailee Steinfeld (No. 13 on the charts)
I didn’t know that I was starving ’til I tasted you
Don’t need no butterflies when you give me the whole d*mn zoo
By the way, right away you do things to my body
I didn’t know that I was starving ’til I tasted you…
OOOUUU, by Young M.A. (No. 22 on the charts)
We got liquor by the boatload (That Henny)
Disrespect the Lyfe that’s a no-no (That’s a no-no)
All my niggas dressed in that rojo (Redlyfe)
I ride for my guys, that’s the bro code (That’s the bro code)
Baby gave me head, that’s a low blow (That’s a low blow)
D*mn, she make me weak when she deepthroat (When she deepthroat)
I need a rich b**ch, not a cheap hoe (Not a cheap hoe)…
Do you Mind, by KJ Khaled (No. 27 on the charts)
Girl I know your body, know where every curve at
We be going all night till the early
Know you, know you wanna take off when you on my runway
We ain’t got to talk bodies conversate
Baby by the way I touch you you know what I’m saying…
Bad Things, by Machine Gun Kelly (No. 28 on the charts)
Nothing’s that bad
If it feels good…
And we’re both wild
And the night’s young
And you’re my drug…
Nails scratchin’ my back tatt
Eyes closed while you scream out
And you keep me in with those hips
While my teeth sink in those lips
While your body’s giving me life…
X, by 21 Savage (No. 36 on the charts)
I got model b**ches wanna lick me like some candy
And them drugs come in handy
Last name Savage b**ch, but no I’m not Randy
Hit her with no condom, had to make her eat a plan B
And I’m sippin’ on that Codeine, not Brandy…
Needed Me, by Rihanna (No. 38 on the charts)
You was good on the low for a faded f**k, on some faded love
S**t, what the f**k you complaining for?
Feeling jaded, huh?
Used to trip off that s**t I was kickin’ to you
Had some fun on the run though I give it to you…
I think you’re probably starting to get the picture:
“I can’t stop”
“don’t gotta think about nothing”
“nothing’s that bad if it feels good”
“hit her with no condom”
If I were to summarize the messages flowing through every Wi-Fi signal and dancing across every screen, it might be this: I can’t help it. Go with what feels good at the moment! No consequences!
The sad fact is… there are consequences.
CDC reveals that young men and bisexual men are at the greatest risk. Somewhere, somehow, we’re failing to provide young males with truth… or young males aren’t interested in hearing it. We need to be proactive about creating a climate of continual conversations with young men (which is why I wrote a book specifically to guys about becoming a man).
But young women are the ones facing the most serious long-term health consequences, a big one being infertility. STD’s cause infertility to more than 20,000 women each year.
In a world so full of misinformation… how can you provide good information?
Are you having these discussions?
Do your kids know sex matters?
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字幕列表 影片播放 列印英文字幕 Israel and Palestine are currently on the brink of all out war, a level of fighting that hasn't been seen since 2012. Yes. That was two years ago. Less than 24 months. In light of the frequency of incidents, it may be good to focus on the conflict as a whole, instead of the recent activities. So let's go back. How did this all start? Prior to World War I, that area was controlled by the Ottoman Empire. They were technically Arabs, but most people living under their rule considered them to be conquering Turks. As such, various groups that wanted Arab and Israeli independence started to emerge. These groups weren't fighting against each other, they had a common enemy: The Turks. As a result they co-existed somewhat peacefully. Then in World War I, Britain encouraged Arabs to organize and revolt against the Ottomans, promising them the right to set up an Arab State after the war. The Arab world complied and started Revolting against the Ottomans in 1916. Around the same time, the British Foreign secretary Arthur James Balfour, gave official support to Britain's Jewish community to establish a "national home" for Jews in Palestine. And that's where it all began. Both sides thought they had right to establish a nation in the region, so they spent the next 30 years establishing the groundwork for those nations. Arab groups did that, by fighting against the Turks and organizing themselves into somewhat cohesive national identities; Iran, Iraq, Palestine, etc.. The Jews did it, by migrating en masse to the area and setting up their own economy and system for self-governance. Their migration was spurred on by hundreds of years of Jewish persecution in Europe, two world wars, and the Holocaust. So Israel was established, in large part, as a safe haven for Jewish Refugees. During this migration period, there were conflicts over land and territory between Jews and Palestinians, but compared to today it was relatively calm. Then in 1947, Britain and the UN finally got around to keeping their word and allowing the Palestinians and Jews to establish their own nations. They broke the area up with borders that looked like this. Israel is in the Green. Palestine is in the Orange. The problem was, a lot of Palestinians lived in the area now controlled by Israel and some Israelis lived in the area now controlled by Palestine. The Arab World thought that Israel was infringing on the state they were promised after the war, and Israel was already starting to disenfranchise Palestinians stuck inside their borders. In 1948, fighting broke out between Palestinians and Israelis, causing the surrounding Arab nations to attack Israel in an attempt to eliminate it all together. Israel won. During the conflict, over 700,000 Palestinians left the area or were displaced. And Israel had expanded their nation to control what is now about 78% of historic Palestine. Palestinians also claim that after the war, Israel wouldn't let them return home, forcing most of them to live in The West Bank and The Gaza Strip. Both areas now function as a home for Palestinian refugees. In the years that followed, Israel established walls to separate the Palestinian areas out, and they also enacted laws to further establish their Jewish State; laws that, by nature, offered fewer rights to non-Jews. They also established a strong active military. There are way too many incidents and militarily conflicts that took place after that to recount here but the basic story for each conflict is generally this. Militant Palestinian groups or other Arab nations use force in an attempt to either reclaim land, protest the conditions of Palestinians under Israeli rule, or eliminate the entire nation of Israel. Israel responds by winning militarily, displacing more Palestinians and expanding their own territory. Sandwiched somewhere in there, are continual failing peace talks, and an ongoing debate about US aide to Israel. Obviously this is a huge issue and we can't cover everything, but we did include links to more info in the description. If you found this video informative, please subscribe - and remember we have new videos 5 days a week covering a variety of topics. Subscribing is the best way to get these videos to you.
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Technology has made working life much easier for many people. However, it is important not to forget about some of the drawbacks. Technology has also given rise to new forms of harassment, and they can be work-related.
All workers in California have a legal right to feel unintimidated, safe and free from hostility at work. What are some of the more common forms of online harassment to look out for?
Social media and other apps are now routinely used for both personal and work-related conversations. If a coworker sends you offensive, intimidating or threatening remarks via these platforms, then this may amount to virtual harassment. Virtual harassment can be very traumatic for the person on the receiving end, and it ultimately has the potential to be damaging to an individual’s health.
At work, you should be judged solely on your job performance. What you do in your spare time is really of no concern to your co-workers unless you have a relationship with them outside of work. If someone displays a repetitive pattern of monitoring your every interaction and activity by using online tools, this could amount to cyberstalking. Not only is cyberstalking traumatic for the individual on the receiving end, but it can also be a precursor for more serious behaviors such as physical assaults.
While it’s important to consider physical forms of harassment, virtual harassment should not be neglected. You have a right to feel safe at work, including in both your online and physical spaces. If your working environment has become hostile or intimidating, it might be best for you to assess your legal options.
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Can you imagine a politician who would:
Oppose the healing of the sick?
Support MORE bankruptcies, foreclosures, and a bigger national debt?
Try to weaken the fastest job-growth sector of the economy?
It might seem impossible for such a person to be elected. And yet there are government officials whose policies would advance all of the above.
They are the opponents of embryonic stem cell research.
What? Isn't that argument settled?
It is, and it isn't.
America as a country has long since decided; the argument went on for more than a decade, both sides were heard at great length. The result? The most recent national poll (Harris Interactive) shows 73% support for embryonic stem cell research. Very few issues are supported by such a vast majority: almost three quarters of the country.
Yet a powerful minority still seeks to kill the research.
Does that matter?
Only if we care about home foreclosures, bankruptcies, the national debt, unemployment -- and human suffering.
All these problems are significantly worsened by chronic (incurable) disease.
As you know, our population is living longer today. Modern medicine can keep people alive to seventy, eighty, ninety years of age now -- but it does not cure them. Whatever chronic diseases they may have, they keep, and that means expensive care. This is not just about seniors, either; an estimated one hundred million Americans have chronic diseases; they are alive, but not well -- existing, but not healthy.
So medical bills grow mountainous -- and people lose their homes and go bankrupt.
Inability to pay medical bills is behind roughly half of all bankruptcies, and home foreclosures.
(Read Get Sick, Get Out: The Medical Causes of Home Foreclosures, by Christopher Robertson, et al; also Medical Bankruptcy in the United States by David Himmelstein, et al.)
Unemployment? Think of a factory, which wanted to hire a thousand workers at good-paying jobs; what if the government shut it down, for political reasons?
Now think of biomedicine, perhaps the fastest growing industry in America. In California, where stem cell research is enthusiastically supported, biomedicine is already the number two industry in the state -- and growing so fast, a special law had to be passed (SB 471, Romero, the Stem Cell Research Education and Biomedical Training Act) to make sure there were enough qualified workers to fill anticipated demand.
Those who oppose biomedical research -- are opposing new jobs in a new industry.
And wait, there is still more!
Concerned about the national debt? Adding chronic disease to the national debt is like pouring gasoline on a fire.
In 2009, chronic illness cost America $1.65 trillion -- slightly more than the national debt ($1.60 trillion) for that year.
Arguing about different health care systems will not lower those costs -- only cure research can do that.
Fortunately, science has provided us with what may be the most powerful advance in medical history: human embryonic stem cell research (HESCR for short).
A chance to cure cancer, paralysis, heart disease, Alzheimer's, multiple sclerosis, juvenile diabetes, stroke, brain damage, etc., etc. -- HESCR is something to cheer about.
Yet some politicians -- Mike Huckabee, Sam Brownback, Scott Walker, Terry Branstad, Roger Wicker, Daniel Lipinski -- would ignore or even criminalize the new research.
Would not such men make ideal candidates for an Anti-Science Society?
Consider the most powerful one first, Mike Huckabee, the man who would be President. Did you know he is the number one Republican contender right now?
"...for the 2012 Republican (presidential) nomination there's a clear leader: Mike Huckabee. Huckabee's at 24% to 14% for Sarah Palin and Mitt Romney..." ~ "Huckabee ahead nationally", Public Policy Polling, January 21, 2011
Huckabee supports "personhood", granting full legal rights to every fertilized human egg. This is not a casual thing for him. Huckabee has endorsed personhood bills in Georgia, Colorado, and even one for the entire country, the Human Life Amendment.
According to personhood, full citizenship begins at the instant of conception, when sperm meets egg, even in a petri dish.
Sounds harmless enough, at first.
Personhood has one overriding goal, to end abortion at any stage. Huckabee's website states that he would allow one exception: abortion to save the life of the mother. But that is not the personhood belief; they want termination of any pregnancy (even one caused by rape, incest, or child molestation) to be a criminal act.
This absolute denial of a woman's right to control her own body is just the beginning.
Personhood would also ban the In Vitro Fertility (IVF) assisted parenthood procedure which has allowed over a million babies to be born.
Personhood would even ban birth control pills--and embryonic stem cell research.
Personhood is so extreme that major anti-abortion groups oppose it, as does the Catholic Church.
The more people learn about this radical position, the more they shake their heads in disbelief.
In Colorado, where the movement was born, the Personhood Amendment was studied, debated -- and rejected -- twice. Both times, it was crushed, with 72% voting against it.
In fact, in the largest county in the state, (Denver County) the Personhood Amendment attracted only slightly more votes than a bill to prepare to meet outer space monsters! (No, I am not making that up...)
--"Personhood initiative only slightly more popular with Denver voters than space-alien commission", John Tomasic, The Colorado Independent, 11/05/2010
Why would any candidate endorse such an extreme position?
For the former Baptist minister, it is probably a religious conviction. His church does not like embryonic stem cell research, just as other religions oppose blood transfusions and vaccinations. That is fine for him, but I object to his religious opinions being imposed on the rest of us. If cure comes from HESCR, Huckabee-ites are at liberty to refuse it; but they must not have the power to deny cure to my family, or yours.
Candidate number two for my imaginary Anti-Science Society?
Newly-elected Kansas Governor Sam Brownback is in hog heaven now, precisely because of his anti-science manipulations. With an ultra-conservative Republican rubber-stamp legislature behind him, the former Senator can sign any law the ideological mind can invent. Anyone curious about a pure Republican state should keep track of Kansas -- no Democrats need apply.
But there was a time when nobody knew who Sam Brownback was.
Until he discovered cloning. He built name recognition around a single manufactured crisis -- be afraid, be very afraid -- on and on he thundered about the evils of cloning.
Brownback seldom mentions the good kinds of cloning: when gardeners clone by cutting slips off plants; when police lab specialists clone DNA evidence; or when better foods are made cheaper through bio-agricultural cloning.
Mr. B. fixates on human reproductive cloning -- useless, dangerous, and non-existent -- and therapeutic cloning for stem cells, which may one day save lives and ease suffering.
Both methods begin with a no-sperm, no-womb blastocyst. A human egg and a bit of skin are combined, a microscopic dot in a Petri dish. This is shocked with electricity, left in salt water five to seven days -- after which the stem cells are removed.
That is therapeutic cloning. It is technically difficult (no one has succeeded in making a stem cell line by it) but may help re-grow damaged portions of the body. Made from the patient's own physical tissues, cells made that way would presumably not be rejected by the immune system. Right now, transplants of livers or other body parts are often unsuccessful. Without a perfect match, the body often rejects the new organ.
That is the good kind. But there is another kind of cloning, which all agree should not go forward. Reproductive cloning means to try and make a baby to take that same blastocyst and insert it into a woman's womb, like a human Dolly the sheep.
Nobody wants that. In California, it is prohibited by law, and rightly so. It would endanger the life of the woman and the potential child. To the best of my knowledge, no scientific organization in the world supports human reproductive cloning.
The two kinds of cloning are as different as the light bulb and the lightning bolt -- one lights our homes, the other starts forest fires -- most people can appreciate the difference.
Sam Brownback wants to criminalize both. He has championed a national law to put scientists in jail for ten years (plus a million dollar fine) for either kind of cloning.
Personally, I think the man should be grateful to cloning -- it got him where he is today!
Nominee number three for the Anti-Science Society? Governor Scott Walker of Wisconsin apparently hopes to drive HESCR out of the state where it was invented.
During the 2010 campaign, Walker reportedly told an anti-abortion group that he would sign a bill to ban embryonic stem cell research. Later a reporter asked him why he would consider such a thing.
Walker replied that scientists agreed that adult stem cell research had more potential than embryonic.
Nobody questions that adult stem cells are legitimate, and valuable; they are with us all our lives, forming scars when the skin is cut: very useful for minor repairs of the body. But are they superior to embryonic stem cells, which grow every organ of your body?
Is Walker correct that scientists agree that adult stem cell research has more potential?
Look at the evidence. During the attempt to increase federal funding of HESCR, via the Stem Cell Research Enhancement Acts of 2003 and 2007 (Castle/DeGette), scientists made their opinion clear. Literally hundreds of groups -- science, medical, patient advocate and educational -- supported the funding of embryonic stem cell research.
How many scientific groups supported the adult-stemcells-are-all-we-need position, espoused by Governor Walker? Not one. Only seventeen groups opposed the Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act--and every one was an ideological organization.
Anti-Science Society nominee number four: new Iowa Governor Terry Branstad appears eager to impose anti-stem cell restrictions. He wants to bring back Iowa Code 707B, a prohibition on advanced stem cell research. The previous governor, Chet Culver, removed it, sending a message of support to scientists. Branstad's reversal would send a very different message to Iowa scientists (and they have some great ones) that they are no longer welcome in the state -- the Branstad re-imposition of Iowa Code 707B would be a giant leap backward.
Number Five is a big name in the anti-science movement: Senator Roger Wicker of Mississippi: Wicker is not only a huge supporter of the Personhood movement, currently advancing in Mississippi, but is also co-author of the Dickey-Wicker Amendment, that infamous un-debated clause annually inserted into must-pass legislation, currently being used as "justification" to sue America, trying to shut down all federal funding of HESCR.
Number six and last is Daniel Lipinski of Illinois, the only Democrat nominee for the Anti-Science Society on today's list. What has he done to deserve this recognition?
Of the entire 435 member House of Representatives, in the key vote on the Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act (passed twice by House and Senate, vetoed by George Bush) only 16 Democrats said no to the research -- and among these few was Daniel Lipinski.
Lipinski also authored what I consider a highly deceptive bill, the "Patients First Act", H.R. 2807. His legislation was developed with the cooperation of the Family Research Council, arguably the most powerful Religious Right lobbying organization in the country, and was also approved by the George Bush White House.
About as "pro-patient" as a cobra in a hospital bed, the Lipinski effort would have permanently stacked the deck against embryonic stem cell research, "prioritizing" National Institutes of Health grants in favor of adult stem cell research.
Speaking in response to the Lipinski bill, Sean Tipton, then President of the Coalition for the Advancement of Medical Research, had this to say:
"...what the sponsors of this legislation and politicians like them are trying to do is to appear that they are for stem cell research when they oppose what's thought to be the most promising form -- embryonic stem cell research."
Does America still need embryonic stem cell research?
Yes, absolutely. There are new ways now to derive stem cells, but the highest compliment that can be paid to any of them is that they are "just as good as embryonic" -- and so far, to the best of my knowledge, none of them are at that level yet.
One day, perhaps, induced pluripotent stem cells, or nuclear transfer, or direct programming or an as-yet-undiscovered method will supplant HESCR.
But science should be the judge of that, not politics. American families deserve the best medical treatment science can provide. For that to happen, freedom of inquiry must be upheld, so we can know for sure what works best.
We need to know where our leaders stand, on the issue of regenerative medicine. Personally, I could not vote for a person who opposes embryonic stem cell research. Why would I support someone who might deny my paralyzed son Roman his chance of ever walking again, or prevent my two sisters from being free of the fear of cancer?
Of course, democracy works both ways: those who oppose medical research are free to vote for the likes of Huckabee, Brownback, Branstad ,Walker, Wicker, Lipinski, et al.
But the anti-science folks should really organize a club, make some fun out of it.
Opponents of stem cell research could meet once a month and share their most effective misleading media message: their most creative propaganda. They have a lot to choose from -- like the picture of a baby they put up on the screen when they talk about stem cells, implying experiments on children, although there are no babies involved in stem cell research; or the actor in cow costume they used in Missouri TV ads to try to block stem cell research rights, implying a cow-human species nobody ever heard of; or the 72 cures from adult stem cells which do not exist but make great sound-bites.
The anti-science club could have competitions and awards: which politician does the most to block cure research funding, which new laws could arrest the most scientists, how many biomedical jobs were driven out of a state -- compare their accomplishments.
But they need a name for their organization, something which captures the true flavor of their endeavor.
Flat Earth Society? No, that is already taken. Apparently there are folks who still genuinely believe if your boat sails out far enough you will fall off the edge of the world.
I suggest a more simple title: clear, direct, easy to remember: the Anti-Science Society.
Or A.S.S. for short.
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Teacher resources and professional development across the curriculum
Teacher professional development and classroom resources across the curriculum
Private Universe Project in Science
Workshop Six: "Where Should We Start?"
Section 1 - About Workshop Five:
What is the theme of this workshop?
The theme of Workshop Six is "choosing a goal for conceptual learning."
Whom do we see in the video?
Robert, a new teacher, discovers that sixth graders create models to predict the motions of objects. With this information as a foundation, how should Robert proceed with his lesson plan for next term?
What happens in the video?
The concepts of friction and energy dissipation are inventions of science. If the teacher tells the students to "ignore friction," will the students know what that means? If Robert presents a new problem in a different context, will his students accept and correctly apply the scientists' counter-intuitive definition of friction?
What problem does this workshop address?
We all live in a world dominated by friction. When we ice-skate or slip on a banana peel, friction is reduced for a time, but it is never entirely removed. Students, however, are asked to "imagine a world without friction" when studying force and motion. Faced with the conflict between the world of everyday experience and the frictionless world they are asked to imagine, how are children to make sense of the lesson?
What teaching strategy does this workshop offer?
This workshop examines how students and teachers can work within a scientific view. The particular challenge is developing lessons that serve as bridges from the learner's experience to the scientist's view. In order to achieve this link, the teacher must first set content goals and elicit student ideas to make clear the gap between the learner's experience and the science idea. The lesson then becomes a platform across which the student can move from understanding ideas in an "everyday" context to understanding them in a "science" context. This strategy is called bridging and often employs analogies.
"Where Should We Start?" is for teachers interested in new ways of creating lesson plans, selecting appropriate educational strategies, and addressing student assessment.
The goal of this workshop is to reach such teachers.
How can teachers create lessons that start from the students' ideas?
The newest educational strategies are necessarily first implemented under special conditions. Therefore, in portraying a specific instructional approach, these strategies may not seem to apply to everyday classroom experiences.
Can lessons learned in a "lab-school" setting be relevant in more typical classrooms? (A lab-school setting refers to classrooms established in designated schools for the purpose of testing and evaluating new teaching approaches.)
One of the important scientific ideas explored in this workshop is friction. The following exercise is for teachers, but can also be used in the classroom as a student exercise to explore the concept of friction.
Write a series of fictional diary entries in which you are suddenly transported to a world without friction.
- How is this world different from ours?
- What are some of the first things you notice in this new world?
- In what way is life improved in a world without friction?
- In what way is it made worse?
- What sorts of inventions and/or machines are made possible or impossible in a world without friction?
You will get the greatest benefit from the next workshop if you complete the following exercise. Ask students, colleagues, friends, and yourself the following question.
Leaves fall off trees and eventually turn to dirt. Is the Earth getting bigger and bigger as the dirt from the leaves accumulates? Why or why not?
Another example of "bridging analogies" as a teaching strategy can be found in the materials for Workshop Five: "Can We Believe Our Own Eyes?" This strategy may be effective when the student finds a concept especially implausible but thinks that a related concept is obviously true. The concept that the student already accepts becomes the anchoring example. The teaching task becomes to use lab activities, discussion, or other approaches to help the student build a bridge between the anchoring example and the target concept. The pieces of this bridge are called bridging analogies. Here is an example with bodies in motion. This example will also help develop students' skills in graphing and extrapolating from data.
In this approach we take a cue from Galileo. The target concept that we want the students to understand is contained in Newton's first law of motion. (See Section 3, Part B: "Historical Ideas" for discussions of Galileo and Newton.) The anchoring example is a phenomenon that, according to the research, most children believe. This phenomenon is embodied in the fact that a ball rolled on a surface of high friction will quickly come to a stop. The bridge to the target concept is built by rolling the same ball with the same initial force on surfaces of less and less friction. As the students graph the results, they may come to see that the ball could roll on "forever" if all friction could be removed. Even though we can never completely remove friction from the exercise, we can help make Newton's law more plausible for many of the students.
Materials for Experiment
Predict: Before rolling the marbles or balls over the various surfaces, the teacher asks the students to predict what will happen. Do they expect the balls to roll farther over some surfaces, less over others? Which surfaces will permit longer "trips" by the balls and why?
Measure and Record: During the exercise the "starter" is used to propel the marble or ball over each of the surfaces. Students should carefully measure and record the length traveled by the ball in each trial. For further accuracy, several tries can be made over each surface and the results averaged.
Graph Data: After all of the measurements are recorded, students can work alone, in small groups, or as a class to graph these data. A graph can be created with the lengths traveled on one axis plotted against the various surfaces on the other axis. Arrange the graph so that the data on it progress monotonically from the shortest trip to the longest one. Ask the students how well the data fit their predictions. Ask them to explain the pattern they see in their graphs.
Discuss: By drawing a curve through the data points, students can infer that the ball rolls farther across surfaces that offer less "resistance." This resistance is called "friction." By extending the curve, you can help the students extrapolate to the behavior of a ball rolling across an ideal frictionless surface. As with any strategy, this activity will leave some children unconvinced. Some students, however, may come to accept that in a frictionless situation, the ball would roll "forever" without stopping-if the surface were long enough.
Companies, publications, and organizations named in this guide represent a cross-section of such entities. We do not endorse any companies, publications, or organizations, nor should any endorsement be inferred from its presence in this guide. Descriptions of such entities are for reference purposes only. We have provided this information to help you to locate materials and information.
A. Related Resources
Interactive Physics II-a computer program. For information contact:
Knowledge Revolution 15 Brush Street San Francisco, CA 1-800-766-6615 Fax: 1-415-553-8012
Ardley, Neil. 1992. The Science Book of Energy. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers. To order:
Harcourt Brace and Company 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, CA 92101 619-699-6208 Fax: 619-699-6220
Marson, Ron. 1990. Motion. Canoby, OR: TOPS Learning Systems.
TOPS Learning Systems 10970 South Mulino Road Canby, OR 97013 503-263-2040
B. Further Reading
Goldstein, M. and I. Goldstein. 1993. The Refrigerator and the Universe/Understanding the Laws of Energy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Press.
Gonick, L. and A. Huffman. 1990. The Cartoon Guide to Physics. New York: Harper Perennial.
Krauss, L. M. 1993. Fear of Physics/A Guide for the Perplexed. New York: Basic Books.
Hollander, J., ed. The Energy-Environment Connection. Washington DC: Island Press.
Ronan, C. A., ed. 1993. Science Explained/The World of Science in Everyday Life. New York: Henry Holt and Company.
C. Bibliography on Energy
Bliss, J. and J. Ogborn. 1985. Children's choices of uses of energy. European Journal of Science Education 7: 195-203.
Brook, A. 1987. Designing experiences to take account of the development of children's ideas: An example from the teaching and learning of energy. In Proceedings of the Second International Seminar on Misconceptions and Educational Strategies in Science and Mathematics (Vol. III, pp. 84-97), J.D. Novak, ed. Ithaca, NY: Department of Education, Cornell University.
Brook, A. and R. Driver. 1986. The construction of meaning and conceptual change in classroom settings: Case studies of energy. Leeds: UK University of Leeds.
Carr, M., V. Kirkwood., B. Newman and R. Birdwhistel. 1987. Energy in three New Zealand secondary school junior science classrooms. Research in Science Education 17: 117-128.
Duit, R. 1981. Understanding energy as a conserved quantity. European Journal of Science Education 3(3): 291-301.
Erickson, G. and A. Tiberghien. 1985. Heat and temperature. In Children's Ideas in Science, R. Driver, E. Guesne and A. Tiberghien. Philadelphia: Open University Press.
Gunstone, R. and M. Watts. 1985. Force and motion. In Children's Ideas in Science, R. Driver, E. Guesne and A. Tiberghien. Philadelphia: Open University Press.
Solomon, J. 1982. How children learn about energy or does the first law come first? School Science Review 63: 415-442.
Solomon, J. 1983. Learning about energy: How pupils think in two domains. European Journal of Science Education 5: 49-59.
Solomon, J. 1992. Getting to know about energy-in school and society. London: The Falmer Press.
Warren, J. 1986. At what stage should energy be taught? Physics Education 21: 154-155.
Watts, M. 1983a. A study of school children's alternative frameworks of the concept of force. European Journal of Science Education 5: 217-230.
Watts, M. 1983b. Some alternative views on energy. Physics Education 18:213-216.
© President and Fellows of Harvard College
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Comparing maternal styles in bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Faculty of Sciences. Biology
New York, N.Y
American journal of primatology / American Society of Primatologists. - New York, N.Y
, p. 411-423
University of Antwerp
Studies on Cereopithecine primate maternal styles, using factor analysis on a set of maternal behaviors, commonly render two factors that describe separate dimensions of maternal behavior: protectiveness and rejection. The aims of this study were to 1) investigate whether this method for determining maternal styles in Cercopithecine species can be applied to bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), 2) determine whether they follow the same pattern, and 3) assess whether species differences in maternal style are apparent. We performed a factor analysis on nine maternal behaviors using data on eight mother-infant pairs of each species. This resulted in three factors: protectiveness, distance, and refusal. Protectiveness is positively correlated with time spent in ventral contact, making contact, approaching, and restraining. Distance is positively related with breaking contact and leaving. Refusal is positively correlated with rejecting and nipple-rejecting. The pattern of protectiveness corresponds with the pattern found in Cereopithecine species, suggesting a high consistency of this dimension across species and higher taxa. The retention of the other two factors indicates that in the Pan species, breaking contact and leaving represent another dimension, apart from rejecting and nipple-rejecting, which usually fall under one dimension in Cercopithecine species. An interspecific comparison of the factor scores for each dimension of maternal behavior reveals that, on average, bonobos and chimpanzees score equally on protectiveness. Scores on distance increase positively with infant age in chimpanzees, and negatively in bonobos, and on average bonobos have higher scores on refusal. These interspecies differences in maternal style are discussed in the light of interspecies differences in infant development, infant vulnerability to aggression, interbirth intervals, and female sociality. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Preface.- Introduction.- Social Cogntion, Ethnic Identity, and Ethnic Specific Strategies for Coping with Threat due to Prejudice and Discrimination.- New Directions in Aversive Racism Research.- The Role of Race and Racial Prejudice in Recognizing other People.- Addressing Contemporary Racism.
Gain new insights into the causes and the solutions to prejudice and racism with this thought-provoking book. It provides substantial evidence that shows how prejudice and racism stem from basic motives, such as belonging, understanding, and controlling. Moreover, the author demonstrates why new approaches to understanding prejudice and racism must study both cognitive and motivational aspects.
The study of prejudice and racism is one of the oldest interests of social psychology and continues as a major area of interest in the social sciences, in general. This is the first volume in the well-renowned book series Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, which is the longest running symposium series in psychology. Contributing authors are leading scholars who are at the forefront of research on the motivational aspects of prejudice and racism and the impact of such forces on the targets of racial bias. Currently, there has been renewed interest in the motivational aspects of prejudice and racism. The topic of racism and prejudice continues to be a significant issue for researchers and policymakers not just in the United States, but in the rest of the world as well.
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https://www.moluna.de/buch/4173027-motivational+aspects+of+prejudice+and+racism/
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National Parks for Kids Webinar
In honor of National Parks Week, we are hosting a special webinar just for kids! This entertaining webinar will focus on fun facts about the National Parks and special places in the parks that will spark curiosity and fascination!
Kasey Austin, Outdoor Magazine’s Family guide of the Year (2014) and V.P. of Austin Adventures Operations, will be leading this fun-filled webinar. Kids can wet their adventure appetites learning about incredible park wildlife, ecosystems, and some unusual history of some of our most famous national parks.
Austin Adventures invites both kids and parents to join this free webinar on Saturday, April 16, 2016 at Noon EST. We’ll be giving out Austin Adventures goody bags to the first 25 participants and their family will receive a $250 trip voucher good for any 2016 Austin Adventure**! And, if you’re a proud parent of a 4th grader, your child gets to travel FREE when your family books any of National Park family adventures!
Join the experts in family travel for a unique kid’s webinar on National Park Fun on Saturday, April 16, 2016 at Noon EST! Can’t attend this webinar? Sign up and we will send you a link to the replay.
**$250 voucher can only be applied to new bookings and scheduled departures.
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A Method for Determining the Long-Term Strength of Evaporites
A simple method is proposed for determining the longterm deformation behaviour of evaporites. The theory developed can be tested by measuring the change in diameter as a function of time of a vertical mine shaft opposite evaporite strata. Ultimate shaft closures predicted by the theory agree well with those calculated with the very much more complex theory of Serata (1968), provided that sufficiently high octahedral shear strengths are used in the fo.rmer. An analysis of measurements made in an isolated opening in a Saskatchewan potash mine shows that the octahedral shear strength of the surrounding potash and halite was approximately 500 psi several years after the opening was mined. This value is less than that determined experimentally for halite by Serata. The same data indicate, furthermore, that the in-situ octahedral shear strength is decreasing slowly with time. The current controversy regarding the actual deformation of evaporites will only be resolved by the cooperation of potash producing companies in releasing data on the long-term deformation of their mine shafts.
Behaviours, Data, deformation, Deformations, Displacement, Evaporites, halite, Poisson's ratio, Potash Mines, R/a Octahedral Shear Strength, virgin ground, Materials, potash, Shear strength, stress
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Human Rights lawyer, Eric Paulsen wrote on his twitter page on the 9th January that:
“JAKIM is promoting extremism every Friday. Govt needs to address that if serious about extremism in Msia.”
As a lawyer who claims to be fighting for Human Rights, Eric Paulsen must not make such false accusations towards others.
And if JAKIM does promote extremism “every Friday”, then I suppose JAKIM will not publish their Friday sermon for the whole world to see.
As a lawyer, Eric Paulsen must learn about the Federal Constitution and understand the Article 3(1), which says:
“Islam is the religion of the Federation; but other religions maybe practised in peace and harmony in any part of the Federation.”
First of all every citizen of Malaysia must accept and respect the fact that Islam is the religion of the Federation because that is an important part of the Federal Constitution of Malaysia.
According to Dato’ Naser Disa, a very senior lawyer who is also our constitution expert, the words, “but other religions maybe practised in peace and harmony” means that the followers of other religions must practise their religions in peace and harmony with others from other religions especially Islam, which is the religion of the Federation of Malaysia; and not to cause uneasiness towards the Muslims.
It does not mean that Islam and the Muslims must obey them and they can do anything to Islam.
Eric Paulsen’s harsh words had cause anger among the Muslims and that is already wrong because there will be no more “peace and harmony” as written in Article 3(1).
And non-Muslims has no rights to set the rules for the Muslim of how to practise Islam.
Has Eric Paulsen forgotten the Article 11(3)(a)?
“Every religious group has the right— (a) to manage its own religious affairs;”
Eric Paulsen and his friends always use Article 11(3)(a) when it suits them but now he is the one who rudely interfere with not just another religion’s affairs but the affairs of the religion of the Federation.
Eric Paulsen also bashed the Inspector-General of Police (IGP) Tan Sri Dato’ Sri Khalid bin Abu Bakar and told him to be “neutral and impartial” after the IGP tweeted that Eric Paulsen should be arrested under the Sedition Act.
After all he had said, Eric Paulsen again tweeted that, “criticising Jakim should not be construed as insulting Islam” which I think is a lame excuse that could only be agreed by his friends who really hates the government.
Worst is Eric Paulsen does not criticise JAKIM but he slandes JAKIM and unfairly tarnish the Islamic authority.
JAKIM is the official Islamic authority in Malaysia and so, if he insults JAKIM, then it means that he also insults Islam, which is the religion of the Federation.
Eric also re tweeted some of Lawyer For Liberty tweets about some of JAKIM’s Friday sermons, including sermons about Surah Al-Baqarah Verse 120 and also about Syi’ah.
Like Lim Kit Siang who also thinks that he has the rights to interfere and complain about the verse from Quran, Eric Paulsen must understand that they are not Muslims, so they do not understand the concept of Islam and have no rights to teach JAKIM and the Muslim about the verses from the Quran and other parts of our religion.
What is wrong when JAKIM warned the Muslims of Syi’ah which is a deviant teaching?
From his accusations, it shows that he knows nothing about Islam so it is silly for him to argue and fight about something he does not know or understand.
As a lawyer, Eric Paulsen must understands that the head of Islam is the Sultans and the Yang di-Pertuan Agong and he has no rights to control Jakim or the Muslims.
I am very sad to see a lawyer who fights against the law instead of fighting for the law.
NST reported that at 8 p.m., the IGP Tan Sri Ismail Omar said shooting incidents between the security forces and terrorist groups were reported in three locations in the village of Tanjung Batu, Lahad Datu this afternoon as the security forces continued their sweeping and mopping operations.
The IGP warned that the Sulu gunmen who escaped the army bombardment on Tuesday are now masquerading as local residents to get away from the police.
At 4.35 p.m., Defence minister Datuk Seri Dr Ahmad Zahid Hamidi showed photographs of bodies of 7 terrorists killed in yesterday’s OPS Daulat in Kampung Tanduo in Lahad Datu.
Very early this morning, a Sulu intruder was killed during after he opened fire at security forces forcing the ground team to retaliate.
And in the early afternoon,four suspected terrorists were arrested by the security forces at Kampung Airport near Kem Sri Wangsa, Semporna.
NST also reported that two men were detained by the security forces as they walked out of a plantation near the entrance to Kampung Tanjung Labian.
Some reporters saw the Navy stopped a small boat that came close to shore not far from the Felda Residence in Lahad Datu.
There were several sightings reported of terrorists trying to escape the plantations in Lahad Datu.
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Today, President Barack Obama released his FY 2016 budget request to Congress. The President’s budget request for the Department of State and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) directly supports the forthcoming National Security Strategy by helping to build and sustain a more secure, prosperous, and democratic world.
This afternoon, Deputy Secretary of State Heather Higginbottom and USAID Administrator Rajiv Shah spoke about the President's budget request and discussed what it means for the State Department and USAID. Administrator Shah said, "...Most Americans think our collective budget is greater than 20 percent of the federal budget, and in fact it’s somewhat smaller than that, clocking in at just under 1 percent."
Administrator Shah continued, "...The modest yet critical investments we make...contribute directly to American strength, security, trade, and prosperity."
The FY2016 budget request proposes targeted investments in international programs that will help mobilize collective action to meet global challenges, counter terrorism and violent extremism overseas, strengthen the U.S. economy, and support United States citizens and the U.S. presence overseas. Here are a few highlights from the budget proposal:
- Dedicating $3.5 billion to counter the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) and respond to the crisis in Syria, bolster regional security, and provide for related humanitarian needs;
- Providing $1 billion to address the root causes of migration from Central America, including the migration of unaccompanied children;
- Investing in clean energy, sustainable landscapes, and adaptation through the Global Climate Change Initiative to support a healthy global environment, climate-smart growth, and improved resilience to the impacts of climate change for the most vulnerable countries;
- Providing $5.4 billion for international organizations and peacekeeping missions to share global security responsibilities with other nations and respond to new peacekeeping requirements;
- Investing $4.8 billion to support security requirements and overseas infrastructure to support the people, infrastructure, and programs that enable U.S. operations and relations with foreign governments;
- Advancing the President’s commitment to global health by: investing in programs to end preventable child and maternal deaths; combating infectious disease threats in support of the Global Health Security Agenda; and creating an AIDS-free generation by supporting targeted global HIV/AIDS efforts, including through a new PEPFAR Impact Fund; and
- Countering Russian pressure and aggressive actions by providing essential support for Ukraine and neighboring countries in the region.
The budget also advances diplomatic engagement on issues, such as human rights and non-proliferation policies, as well as strengthens democratic institutions overseas. For more information, visit www.state.gov/budget.
Explore the budget in more ways:
- The President's Fiscal Year 2016 Budget
- White House: Interactive Budget
- White House Blog: 5 New Things About the Fiscal Year 2016 Budget
- Fact Sheet: Department of State and U.S. Agency for International Development 2016 Budget
- FY 2016 Congressional Budget Justification: Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs
- Special Briefing: Deputy Secretary of State Heather Higginbottom and USAID Administrator Rajiv Shah on President Obama's FY 2016 Budget Request
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The Rational Psychic: A Skeptic’s Guide to Extraordinary Perception By: Jack Rourke
Interest in psychic and paranormal phenomena has never been greater–which also means there is more confusion than ever about which unusual experiences are authentic. That’s why Jack Rourke’s perspective on human percpetion is so valuable. As both a practicing psychic and a dedicated parapsychological researcher, Jack is uniquely qualified to provide this inside-out, shockingly candid and thorough examination of what psychic perception really is… and what it isn’t.
The Rational Psychic ™ begins with a story about a unique near death event the author experienced the moment his twin sister died. This heartwarming childhood tale is not meant to qualify Jack as a psychic. Instead, the author uses this story to teach readers that emotionally profound personal events are no reason to avoid rational investigation of one’s personal paranormal experiences.
In The Rational Psychic™, Jack Rourke details how to discern genuine psychic information from the background noise created by the mind. Using facts and scientific references, Rourke presents a detailed, thoughtful, and often surprising explanation for seemingly supernatural events that will satiate the curious and inspire the believer to be the best they can be.
Relying on decades of first-hand experiences and scholarly investigation, Jack explores fascinating subjects such as:
The biological reason all people are extrasensory
How to tell the difference between genuine psychic ability and paranormal perception
The hidden dangers of psychic development and how to avoid them
What’s really occurring when sensitive people discern ghosts and malicious spirits
How neuroscience and modern physics support the existence of psychic perception
How to identify, access, and strengthen your psychic abilities
The Rational Psychic™ answers the tough questions about being psychic, empowering readers with facts and first hand accounts of real-life paranormal experiences. “You don’t have to surrender logic or adopt any exotic beliefs to accept that psychic phenomena are real,” Jack Rourke explains. “Nor do you have to automatically deny any evidence about the paranormal to be a critical thinker.” Whether you are seeking answers about your own mysterious experiences, interested in developing your psychic gifts, are looking to improve an existing ability or are simply a curious skeptic, The Rational Psychic™ is a must-read book that will challenge what you think you know while making complete sense of the unexplained.
Excerpt by Amazon
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About the My Name, My Identity Campaign
What does your name mean to you? We receive our names from beloved family members or special people who are close to our family. We may be named after a family member, a saint, or a positive personality characteristic. Our name may recall an event, tell where the stars were at our birth, or state an aspiration of our future.
Since each of us is unique, so is our name. Because our name is tied to our identity, we would not wish to have our names changed or mispronounced. When our name is changed or unintentionally mispronounced, it is a misrepresentation of who we are -- because our name represents our identity.
As our world becomes increasingly connected, cross-cultural communication increases. We interact with more people from diverse backgrounds and experiences, many with different languages and ethnicities. Having the ability to effectively communicate with others who are different from ourselves opens up possibilities for deeper understanding and friendship based on mutual respect. It is also an essential skill in the 21st century.
School is a community, which prepares our students to succeed in the global world. To be an effective member of this global world, we can model respect for each other in the school community by learning about each other’s stories, our unique names, and their proper pronunciations.
Objectives of this Campaign
- Bring awareness to the importance of respecting one’s name and identity in schools as measured by the number of community members making a pledge to pronounce students’ names correctly
- Build a respectful and caring culture in school communities that values diversity as measured by my name stories posted on social media
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<urn:uuid:32cb8e5b-c6c7-45c1-9113-b3e00f0e3c5a>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.mynamemyidentity.org/campaign/about
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|
en
| 0.959258
| 337
| 3.078125
| 3
|
Muhammad Ali engaging in some of his famous trash poetry talks
Cassius Marcellus Clay was born in the West End district of Louisville on January 17, 1942. His father Cassius, was a sign-writer with artistic ambitions and his mother, Odessa, a domestic servant. His father, who was told to be a womanizer and heavy drinker, was named after his great-grandfather’s slave owner. His father owned a home and Cassius Clay had only one sibling, his brother Rudy Clay. As a result Cassius Clay grew up in a middle class home, which was unusual in those days.
His mother’s grandfather was an Irish man, Abe Grady, who had married her African American grandmother. When Cassius was only 12 years of age he saw someone steal his Schwinn bicycle and he reported it to the police. He told the officer he was going to “whup” the thief. The kind officer told him he better learn how to box first. The police man, Joe Martin, took a liking of the talkative young boy and persuaded him to join his boxing club. Six weeks later, Clay won his first bout in a split decision. Cassius Clay trained with him for six years after which Joe Martin turned professional.
Cassius Clay, just like his father, was named after Cassius Marcellus Clay, a 19th-century farmer who did not believe in slavery. He became an anti-slavery crusader. Although he inherited 40 slaves from his father he emancipated them once he had a chance to do so. This abolitionist edited an anti-slavery newspaper, he commanded troops in the Mexican-American War and served as minister to Russia under President Abraham Lincoln. Even though he was a second cousin to the Kentucky Senator Henry Clay, he put himself in considerable danger with his abolitionist attitudes. Clay faced death threats, beatings, and was stabbed and shot by political opponents. Despite the ordeal he lived to the ripe old age of 92.
The young boxer, Cassius Clay was academically challenged as he spent most of his time in school day dreaming instead of focusing on his academics. Atwood Wilson, the school’s principal, had a soft spot for the entertaining young Cassius and introduced him to the school assembly: ‘Here he is, ladies and gentleman, Cassius Clay! The next heavyweight champion of the world. This guy is going to make a million dollars.” Their shared dream came true with a glorious beginning of Mohamed Ali’s illustrious boxing career. For the last four years of Clay’s amateur career he was trained by boxing cut man, Chuck Bodak. Clay went on to win six Kentucky Golden Gloves titles, two national Golden Gloves titles, an Amateur Athletic Union National Title, and the Light Heavyweight gold medal. Clay’s amateur record was 100 wins with five losses. At the young age of 18 Clay won gold as a light-heavyweight amateur at the 1960 Olympic Games in Rome.
After he took gold in Rome’s Olympic games, Cassius Clay immediately took the opportunity to go professional since he was offered to financially backed by a local Kentucky Millionaire. This relationships was short lived since Cassius Clay did not enjoy being treated with contempt as a slave by that man and his ill mannered family. He left and chose the backing of a small consortium of eleven business man in Louisville, KY. He tried to be trained by Sugar Ray Robinson but was rebuffed due to his boisterous personality and refusal to participate in the training duties such as cleaning dishes and washing the floors. More
Cassius Clay successfully recruited Angelo Dundee who ran the legendary Fifth Street Gym in Miami Beach. Dundee encouraged Cassius Clay to freely express himself as did the assistant trainer, Drew ‘Bundini’ Brown. Bundini came up with the phrase ‘Float like a butterfly, sting like a bee’, and started Clay’s habit of forecasting the round in which he would fell his opponent.
While he had a string of successes in beating many of his opponents he annoyed many boxing fans with his belligerent psychological war fare and insults of the opponents before entering the ring. He won his first professional fight against Tunney Hunsaker in October 1963. Thereafter Clay amassed a record of 19–0 with 15 wins by knockout. He defeated boxers including Tony Esperti, Jim Robinson, Donnie Fleeman, Alonzo Johnson, George Logan, Willi Besmanoff, Lamar Clark, Doug Jones and Henry Cooper. Clay also beat his former trainer and veteran boxer Archie Moore in a 1962 match.
Cassius Clay had been greatly moved by his father’s enraged account of the lynching of a 14-year-old black boy, Emmett Till, in Mississippi in 1955. And it was his father who was encouraged by the political leader Marcus Garvey to be proud of and retrace their ancestral roots. Growing up he was upset by segregation in Louisville, especially when his mother was refused a drink of water in a whites-only café. He started going to the rallies of religious leader Elijah Muhammad from 1959 and befriended Malcolm X in 1962. He secretly converted to Islam at age 18.
During that time he was attended by Ferdie Pacheco, his doctor, who said of Clay: ‘In 1961, 1962, 1963, he was the most perfect physical specimen I had ever seen … perfectly proportioned, handsome, lightning reflexes and a great mind for sports.’
Cassius Clay was a devout Muslim and dedicated member of the Nation of Islam, having fallen under the tutelage of Malcolm X in 1962.
Columbia Records released a 1963 spoken word album called “I Am the Greatest” in which the 21-year-old rising star performed his poetry, backed my musical accompaniment, before an audience. The album also included two songs by the boxer, including a cover of the Ben E. King hit “Stand by Me.”
By late 1963 he was qualified to challenge Sonny Liston for the title. Cassius Clay wanted to announce that he had converted to Islam but what asked to wait after the fight with Sonny Liston to prevent a back lash that was sure to happened before the fight. The fight was set for February 25, 1964, in Miami. Liston was an intimidating personality, a dominating fighter with a criminal past and ties to the mob. Cassius Clay was blinded during the fight by ointment that Liston put on his gloves. Liston had been accused previously by two other fighters of “burning” eyes. But, Cassius Clay won the fight and was declared champion. Liston claimed he had an injured shoulder and others rumored that Liston had bet against himself to pay of his own debts. By winning this fight, Clay became at age 22 the youngest boxer to take the title from a reigning heavyweight champion.
By 1964 Clay had won 19 straight fights, all but four of them by knockouts, and was ready to challenge for the world title.
In March 1964 Cassius Clay was bestowed the name Mohammad Ali by his religious teachers. He was initially inspired by Malcolm X, choosing to change his last name to X for a while during his religious Muslim training. He stayed with the Nation of Islam, despite the rift between the founder and Malcolm X following the Kennedy assassination. Malcolm X was expelled and started his own competing Islamic organization. When rumors began circulating that year that Cassius Clay had joined the Nation of Islam, one of his bouts was nearly canceled, and when he officially joined in 1964, he had his boxing titles stripped from two organizations, including the WBA.
When Cassius Clay announced that he had changed his name for religious reasons the press reacted strongly. The Saturday Evening Post wrote: “For a time, when he was confining himself to bad poetry, Cassius was a loudmouth but a likable character who seemed to be harmless in or out of the ring. Then he won the championship and became, in his own estimation, “The Greatest.” After the fight, he acknowledged that he was a Black Muslim, converted by the arch-extremist, Malcolm X, the man who crowed that President Kennedy’s assassination was “a case of the chickens coming home to roost.” Malcolm X was separated from the Black Muslim movement after that remark and is now attempting to organize his own black nation. He wants to arm all the Negroes in the U.S. and ultimately take them back to Africa.” It went on to say: “Clay’s history of calculated deceptions now prompts the suspicion, of course, that his present case of galloping religion is but another decoy to serve who knows what end. Clay himself strengthened the suspicion when he declared, “Just by my being a Muslim, that should draw a bigger gate…” In actuality his commitment to Islam has cost him roughly two million dollars in commercial endorsements.
In July 1964 he met a cocktail waitress named Sonji Roi and they married after a one month courtship. But the pair separated when she refused to conform to the strict edicts by which the group thought women should live. They were divorced by January 1966.
April 28, 1967 Mohammad Ali reported to the Military Entrance Processing Station in Houston. As officials called his name for induction to the Army to fight in the Vietnam War he wouldn’t step forward. He was eventually arrested, but that wasn’t even close to the end of his legal woes. A week before appearing in Houston, he told reporters in his home town of Louisville, Kentucky, that he planned to not accept induction in military service. He stated to the press: “Why should they ask me to put on a uniform and go ten thousand miles from home and drop bombs and bullets on brown people in Vietnam while so-called Negro people in Louisville are treated like dogs and denied simple human rights?”
Two months later, a jury took just 20 minutes to convict Ali of draft evasion. He was given a five-year prison sentence and a $10,000 fine; he was stripped of his passport and his heavyweight title, and was banned from fighting in the United States. It took four years to eventually settle the case after he had taking it all the way to the Supreme Court. Ali would remain out of jail on posted bail while his case was being appealed, he would not fight again until October 1970. The following year, the US Supreme Court overturned his conviction in a unanimous 8-0 ruling. Full Transcript
Between February 25, 1964 and September 19, 1964 Muhammad Ali reigned as the undisputed heavyweight boxing champion. Nicknamed “The Greatest”, Ali was involved in several historic boxing matches. Notable among these were the first Liston fight, three with rival Joe Frazier, and one with George Foreman, in which he regained titles he had been stripped of seven years earlier. After the Superior Court reversed the ruling of the lower courts and agreed that he refused military service legally as a conscientious objector he finally was able to fight again. At last he was able to fight again. After being prevented from fighting for four years he lost the first fight against Joe Frazier. After Joe Frazier lost the title to George Foreman Mohammad Ali urged George Foreman to a fight which organized by Don King in Africa.
Mohammad Ali fights George Foreman to regain ‘his’ world champion title.
His doctor, Freddie Pacheco, resigned when Mohammad Ali was in his 30s and starting to show the effects of taking too many punches, yet refusing his advice to retire before he suffered permanent injury.
He was then married to Belinda Boyd from 1967 until 1975. During his relationship with Belinda, Muhammad started seeing Veronica Porsche in 1975. He converted to Sunni Islam in 1975. The affair ruined his second marriage with Belinda Boyd by 1977. In 1977 he married Veronica that summer who was already pregnant with their daughter, Hana. Their second daughter, Laila, was born in Dec. 1977, and the couple split up in 1986. Muhammad then married Yolonda Williams in Nov. 1986, and they adopted a son, Assad Amin. He was married to Yolonda, who he’d been friends with since 1964, at the time of his death on June 3. Yolonda took care of him throughout his very difficult 40 years while he suffered from Parkinson Disease.
In 1986 he began adhering to Sufism a rather peaceful and mature religion. It helped him live his life out gracefully despite the fact he suffered from Parkinson Disease. He was a true blessing to many people and raised the awareness about the beauty of grace, personal commitment to truth and ones’ own convictions. Mohammad Ali was a great man and he will be truly missed.
Muhammad Ali died after a 32-year battle with Parkinson’s Disease with his family by his side
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<urn:uuid:cf4aaf2f-5c14-4dcb-9ed1-6b3bbcea8e9d>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.riovida.net/tag/black-life-matters/
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|
en
| 0.989809
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|
Driving in France
If you need to drive in France for business or tourism, to make sure that you travel in safety, remember that French traffic laws are not necessarily the same as in your own country, particularly as far as speed limits are concerned. This guide provides you with a few essential rules you should familiarise yourself with before you get behind the wheel.
Driving speeds are limited throughout the French road network. These regulations apply to all drivers and all vehicles.
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<urn:uuid:a71940a8-0b31-4a67-bdaa-d40366c74479>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://www.ambafrance-uk.org/Driving-in-France-26077
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|
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| 0.975132
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| 1.726563
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|
We found that the organization for IP address 188.8.131.52 is Sibirskie Seti Ltd. in Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
A more detailed IP address report for 184.108.40.206 is below. At the time you pulled this report, the time zone of 220.127.116.11 is Europe/Moscow, and the current local time of 18.104.22.168 is 18.01.2017 13:05:53. More IP details of 22.214.171.124 are shown below along with a location of the address on a map.
|Host of this IP:||126.96.36.199.sta.211.ru|
|Organization:||Sibirskie Seti Ltd.|
|ISP/Hosting:||Sibirskie Seti Ltd.|
|Local Time:||01/18/2017 01:05 PM|
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<urn:uuid:586bc9eb-a159-4d20-81cd-4672c7a0f2d0>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://5.44.173.7.ipaddress.com/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00503-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
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en
| 0.755328
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Dr Bena Kallick & Prof. Art Costa
Founders of The Institute for Habits of Mind
Motivating Learners Through powerful Questions
Takeaways from this session include...
- - how questions can invite thinking and
- - ways questions can foster a climate of
- inclusion and belonging
- - why when teachers model powerful
- questions, it leads the way to students
- learning how to construct more
- powerful questions
- - learning how to search the internet
- with powerful questions to deepen
Art and Bena are co-founders of the Institute for Habits of Mind and are recipients of the Malcolm Knowles Award for Self-Directed Learning from the International Society for Self-Directed Learning. Art has served as a Teacher, Curriculum Consultant, Superintendent for instruction and Director of Educational Programmes for NASA. He has devoted his career to improving education through self-directed learning and thought-filled instruction. Bena is now the Strategic Program Advisor for Eduplanet21, Co-Director of the Institute for Habits of Mind, and a well-established consultant. She is a Board Member of GlobalMindED.
Find out more at www.habitsofmindinstitute.org
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<urn:uuid:6d50d34c-37bb-494a-9752-68eca3cbb1f2>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.spectrumeducation.com/teachers-matter-online-summit-22-home/
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| 0.916676
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| 2.5625
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|
I have friends who can afford brand new cars, houses in Greatwood or Telfair, and to take trips or cruises out of the country at a moment's notice. I live in a 2-bedroom apartment in Rosenberg.
I've got friends whose husbands are engineers, lawyers, doctors, and accountants. My husband is a teacher/coach and I do part-time choreography work at a high school.
Our lifestyles differ from a lot of our friends JUST a tad.
Lots of our friends have new furniture that all match. Most of our pieces of furniture we own was handed down from a sibling, parent or grandparent, and the pieces that weren't were bought using money we got from them for birthdays, anniversaries, or wedding gifts.
For some of my friends, a nice dinner is at a place like Churrascos, while our fanciest dining out experience is maybe Chili's.
Some people I know have flat screen TV's in every bedroom, complete with either Satellite or cable. We've got Netflix for $8 a month, and a lot of movies that we've collected over the years.
Thing is, some people I know live with 4 siblings and foster parents in a two bedroom house with dirt floors. Some people don't get to have free education. Some people I know are 16 and have the handwriting of an 8-year-old with the vocabulary or someone the age of 10. Some people I know don't live with their families because their parents couldn't afford to raise them. Some people I know don't eat three meals a day, let alone one. Some don't know how to read because books were too expensive. Some didn't have a real childhood because they were put to work from the day they could walk.
|This is Katerin from El Salvador. We sponsor her through a program called Compassion International. It is she who has recently reminded me how well off I really am.|
I'm sick of this "1%" crap in our nation. There may be 1% of the United States that has most of the money, but we as a whole are in the 1% of the wealthiest people in the WORLD. Even me. Even with hand-me-down furniture and homemade birthday cards and everything else we do to save money. Even living in an apartment with one job, I am wealthier than almost everyone else outside of these United States. It makes me sick to live in America sometimes, because we're all so spoiled, so self-centered, focused on what we don't have, what others have, what we deserve, and what we should have. We complain about taxes when they're a necessity to help keep our society going. And more than that, they help those around us who can't help themselves. I only wish we could do more to the rest of the world...and that doesn't mean sending troops over to tell them what to do. It means loving and caring for them, it means sacrificing some of yourself and your possessions to serve others. Jesus did it. Jesus was pretty much a socialist when it comes down to it.
I've gotten so used to the American mindset of entitlement that I forget to be thankful for what I have. So no more talking about being poor. Not only am I not poor compared to the rest of the world, but I'm so rich in spirit that nothing else matters. I have a wonderful family, and we may be living in close quarters, but we're that much closer emotionally. Anyone who ever spends five minutes with me, Brandon and Brooklyn knows that we're happy and that's all that matters. God has given us so much, and I'm not going to squander it and look down on my blessings anymore. I'm not poor, I'm rich. And in the words of Lou Gehrig, today, I consider myself the luckiest man on the face of the Earth. Except, I'm a woman.
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<urn:uuid:c15ac745-153b-4002-8005-e864f6f27728>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
http://www.tstrocreations.com/2012/05/being-poor.html?showComment=1337033004610
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|
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| 0.979251
| 812
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Full profile →'">
The author is a Forbes contributor. The opinions expressed are those of the writer.
Despite the explosion of online job search tools, from job boards to networking sites like LinkedIn, the conventional wisdom among career coaches holds that most people still find jobs through networking. But whenever I’ve asked coaches for evidence of this, they demure, failing to remember where they read that statistic.
So it’s interesting to get some concrete numbers, from a new survey from Right Management, an arm of Milwaukee-based staffing giant Manpower Group, that offers outplacement services and career coaching. The survey analyzes data from 59,133 clients Right Management advised over the last three years. In 2010, 41% said they landed a job through networking. Here is a chart showing the survey results:
Source of New Job
|Internet Job Board||25%||19%||19%|
|Online Network (2010)||4%||na||na|
Only 8% said they found a new position through a direct approach, a technique I’ve recommended here. However, it’s possible, and increasingly easy, to enhance direct contact with networking, especially if you combine online tools with an old-school personal approach. Through LinkedIn and Facebook, locate friends and contacts who are connected to the company where you want to work. Reach out to those contacts through personalized emails and phone calls. Ask if you can mention them in an email or call to your target. If your connection is willing to put in a word for you with the target, all the better.
Carly McVey, Right Management’ Vice President of Career Management, comments on the rapidly blurring lines between traditional and online networking. Says McVey in the release from Right Management: “Online social networking may not always be separate from traditional networking since one so often leads to the other. A job seeker uses the Inernet to track down former associates or acquaintances and then reaches out to them in person.”
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<urn:uuid:99bc4889-5682-4ec5-a02f-a42ae1237f3b>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.forbes.com/sites/susanadams/2011/06/07/networking-is-still-the-best-way-to-find-a-job-survey-says/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00267-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.924942
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|
In December, the public were promised that the teachers would walk off the job for one day only. Yet here we are, three days into the new school year, and the Ontario elementary teachers are already walking off the job. THERE WILL BE NO SCHOOL FOR STUDENTS JK to GRADE 8 ON FRIDAY JANUARY 11, 2013. In December, we were promised 72 hours notice. We have had less than 48 hours notice this time. How much, or more accurately, how little notice will we get the next time?
A notice posted today on the Peel District School Board’s website reads: “The Elementary Teachers’ Federation of Ontario (ETFO) has notified us that teachers across the province will stage a one-day political protest aimed at the government this Friday, Jan. 11, 2013. Elementary teachers will not be in school on this day. On Friday, Jan. 11, all elementary schools (kindergarten to grade 8) will be closed to students. They will reopen on Monday, Jan. 14. High schools are not affected and remain open.”
Click here to read the letter going home today for parents:
On the plus side, I finally got a call from my daughter’s music teacher today and the cheque for the flute rental was returned. Band practise has been a no-go this year, and although I write the cheque in November, her teacher neither informed parents of how this labour dispute would affect the school band, nor responded to my daughter’s request for information. At the very least, the teachers who usually do cover the extra-curricular should have the decency to keep parents and students up-dated on the situation. A lot of parents have hired instruments for school bands that are now stuck in limbo. Even more parents are fast losing sympathy for the teachers.
What I want to know is: Where is the union representing the children??? And why is it always the vulnerable who are most affected when grown-ups can’t agree??
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<urn:uuid:ef06ffe5-4d43-4081-8207-b166a6f0165e>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
https://thedoubleparent.wordpress.com/2013/01/09/ontario-teachers-strike-no-school-on-friday-january-11-2013/
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|
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Many years after her death, Hugh Smith,
'The Bard of Inangahua', told Biddy's story in verse ...
Old Biddy of the Buller
Was a wonder to be sure;
Wore a pair of moleskin trousers-
Not because she was so poor-
With a leather belt around them
For to keep her firm, she said,
And the pockets were so handy
When her finger-tips were dead.
Old Biddy was an adept
At the cooking of a hen
Of any sort-at "Maori" ones
She was a chef in ten;
Kept the dripping for her "water-tights,"
Or other kinds of boots,
And to ease acute rheumatics
Or sciatic pangs and shoots!
A story goes that Biddy brought
A pigeon to the ground,
But when she ran and pick'd it up
No injury was found;
For when the poor old pigeon saw
The one who held the gun,
The shock was quite sufficient so
He tumbled down-said one!
Old Biddy had a husband, but-
There were no legal rights,
To define their plan of living
Or the number of their wights;
But none was ever kinder-
In the world than poor old Jack,
And Biddy was the queen that ruled
The realm in that old shack.
On Sunday mornings Biddy always wore a wincey skirt,
With a body-piece of print stuff,
But without a speck o' dirt.
It wasn't in her plans and styles
To wear a satin gown,
The wincey and the bit o' print
Were good enough for town.
They combed the Buller beaches
And its tributaries too,
And many said that Biddy had
A safety roll or two.
She took a hand at euchre
Now and then at old Berlins'
And if a chump got ropey
She would send him off his pins.
For each, for both-for one, for two,
Seem'd fixed and plann'd throughout,
And if there wasn't quite enough,
Well, both would do without.
From early morn she'd rock and rock
The cradle * to and fro,
And Jack would keep it half-way full,
With grit from down below.
And Biddy had the "comber's" art
Of panning off a dish-
The little twist, the little lilt,
The little noiseless "swish"
That brought the "colours" up to sight-
Sometimes the "rough" stuff too,
And Jack would say, "Well, well, old lass,
We'll see this corner through!"
She would sit upon a sand bank,
Whether things were right or wrong,
And smoke an old clay cutty
With stem two inches long,
And while she rock'd the cradle
By the well-worn handle grips;
Her old black pipe for certain,
Would be hanging from her lips.
They'd sit within the shelter of some overhanging scrub,
And have a bit o' lunch at noon,
Two equal bits o' grub-
And talk of where they would be
At the middle of next week-
Somewhere about the "willows,"
Or "Ohika-nui" creek.
At Inangahua Junction,
Or a little lower down,
Where the Buller flows by "Walker's,"
Then they'd have a day in town,
When they'd stock their simple larder,
Get a pair o' socks for each,
Or a "butterfly"* to shade them
From the rains out on the beach.
Every waggoner knew Biddy,
From the wharf to Jim McKay's,
There were no 60 milers-or
And Biddy would be waiting
When a waggon came in view
With a pannikin of cocoa-
And a butter'd scone or two.
I met her some years later,
One cold, bitter winter day,
At a corner up in Reefton-
Near the hearse-shed by the way.
Poor old soul, she look'd so lonely,
With a cloth tied on her head,
And she shiver'd when she told me
That her poor old mate was dead.
The shack that was their shelter,
Went away in some big flood,
And got stranded down at Westport,
Filled with driftwood, weeds and mud.
Biddy pined away and wither'd,
Long the sport of cruel fate,
And they laid her in God's acre
Near her old, kind, helpful, mate. (1)
*The cradle here referred to was a type of pan used in gold-washing.
*An oilskin coat
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<urn:uuid:0862d215-4ce1-45f3-a28b-2f8ad09e36b7>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.electricscotland.com/poetry/hugh_smith.htm
|
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|
en
| 0.958601
| 1,050
| 2.125
| 2
|
When pus develops along the teeth and spreads nearby tissues like the gums and mucous membranes of the mouth, the patient is said to have a dental abscess. This condition is characterized by pain, swelling, bleeding of the gums, toothache and tenderness of the gum area. A visit to the dentist is a must; a dentist will prescribe antibiotics to reduce infection and pain medications to treat pain. Dental treatments are postponed until the infection and the abscess have subsided.
Submit a request for further information, a quotation or indicative cost. Your enquiry will be forwarded to up to 3 private healthcare providers. They will respond directly with further information.
Get a quote for dental abcesses treatment >
|
<urn:uuid:18888b82-a972-48fd-80e3-03aa000d3692>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.privatehealth.co.uk/hospitals-and-clinics/dental-abcesses/scotland/lanarkshire/
|
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|
en
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Improve Your CSS Workflow with SASS
MP4 | Video: 1280x720 | 61 kbps | 44 KHz | Duration: 3 Hours | 624 MB
Genre: eLearning | Language: English
Writing CSS a line at a time can be exhausting, slow and messy. Learn how to write CSS faster and stronger with SASS.
Writing CSS is slow, awkward and take ages to debug. All the other programming languages moved on without it a decade ago but CSS lacks the ability to improve it until the browsers lets us. SASS gives us that power, we can build upon what CSS started without having to change the way we work.
The SASS will be compiling but the only time we'll know about it is when we get an error as soon as we try and save any of our mistakes. We can write CSS faster, stronger and simpler. If you're CSS process hasn't improved by at least 2hrs (the length of this course) in the next 30 days you can claim your money back!
What are the requirements?
Willingness to learn
You should already have been using CSS for about six months
What am I going to get from this course?
Over 33 lectures and 2 hours of content!
Have faith in SASS as been the future of CSS
Have full practical and working knowledge of SASS
Write simpler, cleaner, more robust stylesheets
Save a percentage of your development time everyday
What is the target audience?
This SASS course is for anyone who has been using CSS for at least six months
People who don't like getting left behind
Anyone who want's to save time and effor with their front end development
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Beets for Weight Loss
Did you know? Beets are a wonderful weight loss food! They contain essential vitamins and minerals, including magnesium, potassium, vitamin c, and iron that boost immunity. Beets also help to flush water from the system to effectively prevent and reduce water retention, which is often a cause for excess weight. These nutritious vegetables contain about 50 calories per cup and no cholesterol, making them a healthy choice for someone on a weight loss diet.
Low Calorie Content
The primary advantage of beets for weight loss is the low calorie content of this vegetable. A 1/2-cup serving of sliced beets provides 37 calories, which is considerably less than other side dishes; for example, a 1/2-cup serving of mashed potatoes contains 160 calories. If you switched from eating 1 cup of mashed potatoes to 1 cup of sliced beets each day, you’d save 1,722 calories in one week, enough to lose nearly 1/2 lb!
Fresh beets naturally contain phytonutrients called betalains that include betanin and vulgaxanthin, according to Juicing-for-Health.com. These betalains are effective in reducing inflammation and supplying the body with antioxidants. The most important effect of these betalains are their detoxification support, which helps contribute to weight loss due to toxin reduction in the body.
According to Juicing-for-Health, many of the phytonutrients found in beets naturally function as anti-inflammatory compounds that not only help maintain a healthy weight, but can also protect against certain types of heart disease, including atherosclerosis. In addition, reducing unwanted inflammation through proper diet and care help prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes, which is also associated with weight problems. (source)
Beets are rich in magnesium, a mineral that supports optimal nerve and muscle functioning. In addition, some research suggests that magnesium could be beneficial for weight loss. A study from the April 2011 issue of “Biological Trace Element Research” found that increased magnesium intake led to higher levels of testosterone, a hormone that can promote the loss of fat tissue and increases in muscle. Muscle burns more calories than fat, so retaining or building muscle when dieting can aid in weight loss.
Beets contain varying levels of amino acids, including high levels of leucine. Leucine is often included in sports nutrition supplements to promote endurance, which can aid weight loss, as you may exercise longer and burn more calories. Additionally, research published in the January 2003 issue of “The Journal of Nutrition” indicates that leucine is involved in numerous physiological processes that promote reduced weight and body fat. (source)
If you would like to start incorporating beets into your lifestyle, a great place to start is with baked beets. They are actually really good and really easy to make!! I love baked beets with goat cheese or whole grain mustard. It makes a really lovely snack or small meal.
Another great way to enjoy your beets is in a delicious salad like this one:
Baked Beet Salad with Caramelized Onions & Goat Cheese
- 3 medium sized beets
- 1 sweet onion, sliced in to strips
- mixed greens: I used a mix of arugula and baby swiss chard
- chevre style goat cheese
- slices of yellow bell pepper
- vinaigrette dressing: I used Garlic Expressions
- 2 Tbs olive oil
- sea salt & pepper
Place whole beets (no need to peel or chop – you can use the whole thing, even the root) on a baking sheet and bake at 400 deg for about an hour or until soft all the way through. You should be able to pierce easily with a knife. The longer you cook them, the sweeter and tastier they get.
While the beets are cooking, you can prepare the caramelized onions. In a large skillet, add olive oil over medium-high heat. Add the onions and 1/4 teaspoon each salt and pepper, and cook, stirring constantly, until the onions begin to soften, about 5 minutes. Continue to cook, scraping the browned bits off the bottom of the pan frequently, until the onions are golden brown, about 20 minutes. If the pad gets too dry simply add a splash of water to keep the onions from sticking.
Put a generous amount of greens in a large bowl and top with slices of yellow bell pepper, caramelized onions, beets, and goat cheese. Drizzle with a bit of vinaigrette dressing and you’re all set! A yummy, warm, healthy salad that will get you on the fast track to weight loss!
For more healthy living tips and recipes please subscribe to this blog, follow me on twitter, LOVE me on facebook, subscribe to my YouTube channel, follow me on Pinterest, OR if you are interested in getting started on your own weight loss journey with a one-on-one consultation, shoot me an email!
Don’t forget to sign up for my FREE Newsletter by entering your name and email address in the upper right hand corner of this page. I’ve got lots of fun stuff, exclusive content, and an exciting offer available to subscribers only!!
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Charity helps North Kesteven clean up
Councillor Marion Brighton, Leader of North Kesteven District Council in Lincolnshire on how partnership with a social enterprise has helped tackle rural grot spots.
As Conservatives in North Kesteven, we believe in assisting young people whose future prospects do not look good, but which can be considerably improved by initiating schemes whereby useful, gainful employment is encouraged and assisted and whereby the youngster can hopefully acquire self respect for the work they are undertaking.
"In addition, the WatchNK initiative helps to meet the demands and
expectations of all residents. Therefore, the two elements provide a
unique opportunity to work with a social enterprise, helping young
people acquire new skills, which will benefit them in future years and,
in doing so, allows us, as a Council, to keep our streets and open
spaces clean and tidy at a very competitive price."
Maintaining and enhancing clean streets and open spaces is no easy task when talking about a rural district covering 356 square miles. At North Kesteven District Council we know that this is an issue that is important to our residents. However, a pioneering partnership with a charity now allows the District Council to provide a proactive and highly effective service – WatchNK.
Hill Holt Wood is an environmental social enterprise providing diverse, environmentally-based products and services. It also delivers education, training and employment preparation to disadvantaged young people, including excluded schoolchildren and young offenders.
This innovative approach greatly enhances the Council's countryside service by providing additional resources to create a District-wide team of uniformed Rangers that tackle:
Reporting of suspicious activity;
Liaison with Community Police Teams;
Footpath grass cutting;
Maintenance and repairs;
Conservation volunteers; and
Conservation and village regeneration projects.
Through Hill Holt Wood, WatchNK employs a number of environmental rangers working throughout North Kesteven, each of whom is supported by disadvantaged young people.
This brings many benefits to the communities and residents of North Kesteven. The WatchNK Rangers are trained in enforcement by the Police and the Council and provide a network of eyes and ears that helps to alleviate the fear of crime for residents. North Kesteven is one of the safest districts in the country but in common with other areas, the fear of crime is disproportionately high.
WatchNK gives real value for money: each paid employee of Hill Holt Wood has an additional pair of hands in the form of a young person who is being trained. This effectively doubles the manpower available.
It maintains a high-quality network of well-signed footpaths and also provides an efficient and effective response to fly tipping, litter and abandoned vehicles.
Parishes are also encouraged to form their own relationships with WatchNK and Hill Holt Wood to undertake conservation and other environmental projects at cost-effective rates.
This innovative and successful project has assisted with the development of a more extensive countryside strategy that recognises the provisions of the Clean Neighbourhoods and Environment Act 2005.
More people have become more active, more often. The well maintained network of footpaths encourages this.
More people have also become actively involved, on a volunteer basis, with the management of public spaces and the Pilot Junior Ranger project has engaged young people in environmental and conservation projects in local public spaces.
In 2007, the District Council launched its Parish Partnership Project which brings groups of parishes together in clusters to allow the sharing of best practice and financial economies.
Hill Holt Wood has attended the Parish Cluster meetings to promote the WatchNK service and many of the parishes have independently taken advantage of the services provided.
WatchNK has been a huge success for the communities of North Kesteven and continues to build on that success.
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and mallet toe are two foot deformities that occur most often in women who wear high heels or
shoes with a narrow toe box. These types of footwear may force your toes against the front of the shoe, causing an unnatural bending. A hammertoe has an abnormal bend in the middle joint of a toe.
Mallet toe affects the joint nearest the toenail. Hammertoe and mallet toe are most likely to occur in the toe next to your big toe. Relieving the pain and pressure of hammertoe and mallet toe may
involve changing your footwear and wearing shoe inserts. If you have a more severe case of hammertoe or mallet toe, you may need surgery to experience relief.
Poorly fitting shoes and muscle imbalances are the most common causes of hammertoe. When shoes are too narrow or do not accommodate the shape and size of your feet, they often contort the position of
your toes. Choosing a shoe that fits is very important when it comes to avoiding foot problems like bunions or hammertoe. Having your toes bent for an extended period of time in a shoe that is too
narrow or small forces your toes to adapt to the cramped space. With time, the muscles in your feet become accustomed to holding the flexed position of your toes, making it harder, or even impossible
to straighten them.
If the toes remain in the hammertoe position for long periods, the tendons on the top of the foot will tighten over time because they are not stretched to their full length. Eventually, the tendons
shorten enough that the toe stays bent, even when shoes are not being worn. The symptoms of hammertoe include a curling toe, pain or discomfort in the toes and ball of the foot or the front of the
leg, especially when toes are stretched downward, thickening of the skin above or below the affected toe with the formation of corns or calluses, difficulty finding shoes that fit well. In its early
stages, hammertoe is not obvious. Frequently, hammertoe does not cause any symptoms except for the claw-like toe shape.
Your healthcare provider will examine your foot, checking for redness, swelling, corns, and calluses. Your provider will also measure the flexibility of your toes and test how much feeling you have
in your toes. You may have blood tests to check for arthritis, diabetes, and infection.
Non Surgical Treatment
Your doctor may prescribe some toe exercises that you can do at home to stretch and strengthen the muscles. For example, you can gently stretch the toes manually. You can use your toes to pick things
up off the floor. While you watch television or read, you can put a towel flat under your feet and use your toes to crumple it. Finally, your doctor may recommend that you use commercially available
straps, cushions or nonmedicated corn pads to relieve symptoms. If you have diabetes, poor circulation or a lack of feeling in your feet, talk to your doctor before attempting any
If a person's toes have become very inflexible and unresponsive to non-invasive means of treatment and if open sores have developed as a result of constant friction, they may receive orthopaedic
surgery to correct the deformity. The operation is quick and is commonly performed as an out-patient procedure. The doctor administers a local anesthetic into the person's foot to numb the site of
the operation. The person may remain conscious as the surgeon performs the procedure. A sedative might also be administered to help calm the person if they are too anxious.
The best ways to prevent a hammertoe are. Wear shoes that fit well. Shoes should be one-half inch longer than your longest toe. Shoes should be wide enough and the hammertoes
toe box should be high enough to give the foot room to move. Don?t wear shoes with heels over 2 inches
high. If a toe starts to look like a hammertoe, buy shoes that have an extra high toe box. Wear corn pad removers or cushion pads on top of the affected toe. See your healthcare provider any time you
have foot pain that does not go away quickly or is more than mild pain. Foot pain is not normal.
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While only in elementary school, Ken Blackburn settled on airplane design as a life study and began to shape his future in paper. He crafted reams of paper airplanes to learn the rudiments of aerodynamics. Experimenting for years with variations on a fundamental airplane made from a square sheet of paper, he learned about concepts that most people don’t encounter until they train to be pilots or study aerodynamics: dihedral angles, sink rates, and lift-to-drag ratios.
Through generations of folded aircraft, the youngster’s ideas evolved. He added pinpricks to wings, for example, to produce turbulent airflow so air wouldn’t “stick” to wing surfaces; later the tiny holes were dropped in favor of horizontal wing creases, which eventually gave way to diagonal creases.
In 1983, a year before earning a bachelor’s degree in aerospace engineering from North Carolina State University, Blackburn earned a spot in the Guinness Book of World Records for longest paper airplane glide time. He subsequently raised that Guinness standard three times, and his last record-setting flight—27.6 seconds—has stood for a decade. In 1994 he published several of his designs in The World Record Paper Airplane Book (Workman Publishing Company).
By some measurements, Blackburn has progressed little. Today a 45-year-old designer of military unmanned aerial vehicle prototypes, he works on pilotless craft so tiny their weight is measured in ounces and so slow they test the lower limits of aerodynamics. He and other engineers at the Air Force Research Laboratory, located at Eglin Air Force Base in Florida, labor in a branch of aeronautical engineering that in recent years has grown exponentially: Thousands of hand-launched UAVs, small enough to be carried in backpacks, have been deployed on surveillance missions in Iraq and Afghanistan.
Only a few inches in wingspan and about 15 ounces separate Blackburn’s recent professional project—BATCAM, an acronym alluding to the craft’s mission as an airborne battlefield camera—from the gliders he creates out of 8- by 11-inch sheets of paper. And, in fact, the bedeviling exigencies of low-speed flight are common to both types of craft and are studied and resolved in strikingly similar ways.
Blackburn, for example, designed paper airplanes systematically: A model was folded and flown, its flight assessed and its design tweaked accordingly. Then the redesigned airplane was flown, followed by more tweaking and more flying. Blackburn called it trial and error.
BATCAM, developed for the Research Laboratory’s Munitions Directorate, was engineered in much the same way, but professionals call it “the spiral method.” This development process also relies on iteration, albeit a more sophisticated variety, with an initial prototype being computer-designed, built, and tested, then an improved prototype built and tested, then a third, and so on.
When Blackburn joined Jacobs Engineering at Eglin, the original BATCAM prototype had been delivered. He helped develop the first improved model. Air Force Special Forces stationed at Hurlburt Field, Florida, tested eight of the aircraft in 2006.
“The Air Force and I are in agreement that you learn a lot by going out and testing,” Blackburn says. “I can generate a new tail shape, design it on the computer, and within a week have a prototype constructed and ready to fly. When you are working on a small airplane, and have all the tools, prototypes can come very quickly.” (Blackburn’s experience with flight is not limited to tiny aircraft. He has flown ultralights and at least once a week flies his Piper Warrior.)
Paper airplanes taught Blackburn that air is a real drag on light, slow-moving airframes. In order to be useful in the field, a small UAV must have an engine powerful enough to produce maneuvering thrust in buffeting winds. “Wind is a problem,” says Blackburn, and an especially daunting one for micro-vehicles. “For a bug, I guess going with the wind is okay,” he says, “but if you want to see what’s on the other side of the hill, an unmanned vehicle sometimes has to fly against the wind.”
Weighing less than a pound, BATCAM features wings with a 21-inch span that are flexible enough to wrap around its carbon graphite fuselage so the craft can be stashed in a backpack tube. (The wings spring back into shape when the UAV is removed from the tube.) The airplane’s battery-powered motor spins a propeller that pulls the GPS-guided craft a thousand feet into the air. From that vantage point, two TV cameras send images to a ground controller’s computer screen.
For all its sophistication, BATCAM looks a lot like a toy. In fact, the softly serrated trailing edge of its wing puts one in mind of Batman. But Blackburn politely rejects the notion that the miniature aircraft is a plaything.
“I think a fair number of people do have the opinion that it is more of a recreational device than a tool,” says Blackburn. “Where I became convinced otherwise is talking to soldiers and hearing them describe how it saved lives.”
Unmanned air vehicles were not a priority in the Department of Defense in the 1980s, when Blackburn began work in St. Louis with McDonnell Douglas, later acquired by Boeing. His first engineering job was on full-size aircraft like the AV-8 Harrier jump jet. Only toward the end of his 19 years in St. Louis did Blackburn lead research in UAV development.
For the paper airplane enthusiast, it was a return to building aircraft small enough to hold in his hands. Boeing’s UAV was a military “loiter craft” named Dominator, a 60-pound aircraft with a 12-foot wingspan capable of carrying several weapons. At one point, the engineering team puzzled over how to refuel Dominator in flight.
“It’s too small for a KC-135 tanker,” Blackburn drolly explains. “So what I did was to help define a concept for refueling.”
From his paper airplane tinkering, Blackburn learned to avoid preconceptions about fuselage and wing performance. “Sometimes the shapes surprise me,” he says of his hand-folded airplanes. “I think, ‘Well, this shape should do really well,’ and sometimes it doesn’t. Sometimes I come up with a shape that I think, ‘Well, it looks good but it won’t fly well,’ and then it does fly well. You learn by doing. More than anything else, this has made me appreciate having an open mind.”
Blackburn had experimented with asymmetrical designs in paper airplanes and knew that such configurations, while not particularly maneuverable, can be stable in flight. His colleagues warmed to his unorthodox idea and asked for a demonstration.
So Blackburn carried to a meeting an oddly configured paper airplane with a stabilizing canard on the right front of the fuselage and, on the left rear, a conventional wing with an upturned tip. With a quick toss, he floated it unwobbling across the conference room and into management acceptance as a concept vehicle for a UAV tanker.
While the Dominator has yet to be deployed, the prototype set the standard for endurance and performance in small air vehicles. Its asymmetrical-winged refueler—for which Blackburn was presented a Boeing Meritorious Invention Award—remains on the drawing board.
In the end, Blackburn’s paper airplanes helped him land his current job at Jacobs Engineering. He came across an online job posting for an engineer with miniature-airplane credentials. “It combined my two passions in life—aeronautical engineering and small aircraft—and I saw an opportunity to boost my résumé with my paper airplane experience,” Blackburn says.
Two weeks after an interview at Jacobs, he was working at Eglin. “For me, just as a hobby, I’ve tried to find every technical paper I can find to research small and very slow flying aircraft. That turned out to be the very knowledge I needed for my current job, and the people at Jacobs recognized it.”
By tomorrow’s UAV standards, the Dominator with its 12-foot wings and even the one-pound BATCAM are archaically oversized. Half-pound micro-vehicles are already flying. The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency is funding research on airfoils with radically better lift-to-drag characteristics and powerfully efficient propulsion systems, all on an infinitesimal scale. Projects include insect-size flying robots fabricated at the University of California at Berkeley, and a nano-scale air vehicle at Oklahoma State University in Stillwater that weighs less than 10 grams and is only three inches long. Compared to such nanotechnology, paper airplanes are clunky contraptions.
“In the end, you do have to obey the laws of physics,” Blackburn says, though he concedes that “there comes a time when engineering for these vehicles does start to lose basic aerodynamic principles, but that size is really, really small, when your wing is on the scale of molecules.”
Blackburn’s work and the more immediate goals of engineers at the Munitions Directorate are focused on airplanes bigger than a molecule but small enough to require basic research into their handling qualities and components. To be effective, a small air vehicle must be compact enough—and its wings large enough—to make slow-speed hand-launching possible for a soldier who probably has not studied biomechanics and shot-put techniques, as Blackburn did to maximize his Guinness airplane launches. The quest for the next-generation mini-UAV has formed another work-and-play connection at Jacobs Engineering: “Almost everyone in our group flies radio-controlled airplanes,” says Blackburn. He calls the technologies in today’s radio-controlled toys “remarkable” and adds, “Our job is to make sure we’re not missing something” in RC components that could be used for military UAVs.
Blackburn’s experience with toy airplanes, both plastic and paper, has taught him a final lesson: “It becomes progressively more difficult to make a useful airplane as it gets smaller.” So attention, fourth-grade teachers: Don’t just confiscate the paper glider that smacks into the blackboard while your back is turned. Encourage the designer. He or she may be the one to solve tomorrow’s problems in low-speed, lightweight, unmanned flight.
Download your own paper airplane: Click here for a PDF file and folding instructions (and don't forget to print both sides).
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Despite not being a part of the show per se, episodes’ titles can be very important and conscientiously made and choose by the creators. Indeed, they may reveal clues about the plot. They may add up to something, they may be little enigmas, they may seem incomprehensible at first, they can be cultural or academic references… For instance, Blindspot’s convoluted titles are in fact anagrams, the titles of Mr. Robot’s episodes from season one to three are written in Leet Speak, while in the recent Netflix show Warrior Nun each title is a reference to an extract of the Bible in connection with the episode’s plot. Other titles may include puns or schematics. Some titles’ format may become a tradition throughout the show.
From there, many questions can come to mind. Can we discern trends, whether historical or thematic? Is there some TV shows that stand out for their particularly clever use of episodes’ (or show’s) titles?
To what extent can we say that titles are a part of an implicit pact between the creators and the viewers? With platforms like Netflix and the increasing temptation to binge-watch our favorite shows, we may be paying less attention to the titles and the cuttings, therefore, to what extent are titles still relevant? How the pact previously mentioned could evolve in the future?
Favorite episode title choice is "Ozymandias" from Breaking Bad Season 5. The title tells you everything you need to know about the episode by referring Percy Shelley's poem. I also like a lot of Halt and Catch Fire's episode title which reference 1980s Computer Commands/Systems, song titles, and cultural ideas. I feel like those help ground the viewer in its 1980s-1990s world and are a treat for people who understand the references. – Sean Gadus2 years ago
An interesting idea. Are there are studies showing the title of a episode matters? I remember in the late 1950s and early 1960s, the title of the episode was announced at the beginning of some shows on TV. – Joseph Cernik2 years ago
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Sioux Falls, SD
Downtown pet owners have a dilemma: where do their four-legged friends go? Now they have an answer thanks to a $1,300 city grant. Residents of Sioux Falls should get ready to see a new kind of garbage can downtown.
This project's goal is to keep downtown safe and clean for everyone, including pets.
"We really would like people to know that downtown Sioux Falls is pet friendly and resident friendly because we'd like to see that residency grow you know, another thousand in the next couple of years, we'll see," Head of the Downtown Sioux Falls Residents Association Brienne Maner said.
With an increased number of people living in downtown Sioux Falls, there are more pets, and everything that comes along with them, in the area.
Cindy Palleschi lives in downtown Sioux Falls with two dogs, and she's looking forward to the stations, which come equipped with waste bags and garbage cans.
"You can see little evidences of people that are not picking up, and I think that if we get the new little waste stations that will be a big help hopefully to people that are walking their dogs that don't have the bags along," Palleschi said.
A recent economic development study finds that about 2,200 residents are living in the downtown area of Sioux Falls.
"A lot of those buildings that are being erected are providing more residential opportunities, which therefore brings more dogs downtown and we need more spaces for those dogs to relieve themselves," Sioux Falls Economic Development Coordinator Adam Roach said.
The downtown Sioux Falls Resident Association groups plans to have the waste stations installed in five locations by the end of August.
Some of the first places to get the pet waste stations will be Fawick Park and along Phillips to the Falls.
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As the Royal Wedding was happening yesterday, and over 2 Billion people watched, many people were still coping with the Real Stuff like life. Tornadoes in the South have taken over 330 lives and more are feared dead. It is now the worst natural disaster since Katrina. President Obama toured it and said he had never seen anything like it.
Seeing the devastation of a Tornado is unlike anything you will ever see in your life. Once you see it, you never forget it. I remember the boats going through houses from 20 miles away and canoes stuck in trees. Photos from 50 miles away located and put into an on-line photo album to help survivors put their memories together in Oklahoma.
Tornadoes have not stopped to ask questions about whether you grew up on the right side of town, they take out the town. The tornadoes take out whole schools, and city halls, fire departments and the ability to respond to your communities needs. The Red Cross and Salvation Army will come and they will be the ones to aid the communities left in the wake of the disasters along with FEMA.
The Red Cross will issue vouchers for housing and food so people can sleep and eat in safety, if there are hotels to be found. Now is the time to give to these two wonderful charities, because they will be the two into the middle of the disaster feeding the workers and going street by street handing out sandwiches and water to the workers.
Unless you have witnessed the Red Cross and the Salvation Army in a disaster, you do not know how great both of these two non-profits can be. Do not forget these wonderful groups. They are motivating volunteers from around the country to come into the disaster zone right now to be there and work to help the people affected. I saw them during the Big One in May 1999, and I saw them after the Oklahoma City bombing. If I had a lot of money, I would divide it between these two groups, because they really come to the front during a disaster.
- Insane Video of Tuscaloosa Tornado Ripping Through University Mall (VIDEO) (blippitt.com)
- Site News: Tornado (thescruff.wordpress.com)
- Blake Shelton And Reba McEntire To Host Tornado Relief Concert (perezhilton.com)
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Maybe! There are clues! There are clues about the gender of Kate Middleton‘s royal baby to be (who I am still betting will be named Diana, or, terrifyingly, Dion. Or Balthazar.) And the clues point to it being a girl.
According to The Daily Mail:
Kate’s debilitating morning sickness, hyperemesis gravidarum, is more commonly found among women expecting girls.
The Duchess’s slim build may also hint at a royal daughter. A 2008 study at the University of Exeter showed women who consumed lower-calorie diets were more likely to have girls because female foetuses can survive on fewer nutrients.
And, in perhaps the most disturbing bit of trivia:
Then William’s occupation as an RAF search-and-rescue pilot could also play its part. An American study found pilots had an 80 per cent chance of having girl babies.
One theory is that exposure to radiation on planes reduces the number of sperm carrying male chromosomes, but sperm carrying hardier female chromosomes are unaffected.
Do you think it would bother the royals if they had all girls? Would that still be a national problem? Or would they just shrug their shoulders and say “well, this is essentially a figurehead position now, so it really doesn’t matter, and literally every Elizabeth who has ruled England has done pretty well, so this is great?” Nah, I bet Prince William would behead Kate Middleton. That seems like logic.
Picture via WENN.com
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Today’s post is by guest blogger Simone Monroe. She challenges us with the effectiveness of our leadership and the importance of foundational traits that can make or break a ministry.
The effectiveness of our leadership is determined by who we are, our values and motives that determine the decisions we make, and the grace and elegance with which we conduct ourselves in the face of adversity. These traits are known in many circles as the 3 C’s of leadership- character, competency, and chemistry (connection). We must realize the 3 C’s are essentials of the foundation of leadership which we call trust.
“The first job of any leader is to inspire trust. Trust is confidence born of two dimensions: character and competence. Character includes integrity, motive, and intent with people. Competence includes capabilities, skills, results, and track record. Both dimensions are vital.” -Stephen Covey
However, I contend that the third C – connection – is also a vital dimension in building the foundation of trust needed to lead with great effectiveness. In my experience, leaders who become removed from connection with their leadership thereby forfeiting some of the chemistry they had, lose some of the “change” they held in their pocket as a leader as they fail to continue to connect.
“Think about it this way, when trust is low in an organization or relationship, it places a hidden “tax” on every transaction: every communication, every interaction, every strategy, every decision is taxed, bringing speed down and sending inefficiency up. …By contrast individuals and organizations that have earned and operate with a high trust experience the opposite of a tax-a “dividend” that is like a performance multiplier, enabling them to succeed in their communications, interactions, and decisions, and to move with incredible speed.” -Stephen Covey
If you desire to build an efficient and excellent organization or relationship then trust is absolutely essential. Trust is 3 dimensional- your character, competence, and chemistry as a leader are all a part of the trust you must earn.
I recently read a comment by Ed Stetzer where he stated, “When team members do not trust one another, everything is slower and less efficient. Trust builds excellence and efficiency.”
In asking for feedback on the subject, my friend Lori Hudson said, “Trust is slow to gain and quickly lost. Sometimes it’s just one thing that happens that breaks the trust- more often it’s just the last straw in a string of actions and attitudes that has eroded my trust over time.” Lori is one of the most gifted and trustworthy leaders I have ever known.
So, the question is, “Do you want to build up the “change in your pocket” called trust over time or are you going to spend “all your change” as a leader because you lack character, competence or chemistry with your leadership? If you fail to walk your talk, feel you have arrived and have nothing more to learn as a leader, are not willing to admit when you are wrong, or choose to assume a position where you simply removing yourself from your leaders because you are too busy, or too important, then it is doubtful that you will ever build trust with your people.
Simone Monroe is the director of Women’s Ministries at Lake Pointe Church in Dallas, TX, a Global Strategist for ProvenWay Ministries and LifeWay Ministry Multiplier. As a speaker, conference leader, and freelance writer, she is also a member of the Association of Women’s Ministry Professionals. Simone has earned a Masters degree in Christian Leadership and a Certificate in Women’s Leadership from Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary in Forth Worth, TX. Simone’s passion is teaching and developing women to fulfill their God-given potential. She enjoys presenting God’s Word in a fresh and relevant way in order to encourage growth in the lives of her listeners. Her two sons, their wives, and her five grandchildren are the light of her life.
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Overview of Topic- Anomalous Properties of Lithium
The deviation of an element’s attributes and behavior from its regular or normal behavior is referred to as anomalous behavior.
The following are the reasons for this:
Its atom and ion are extremely tiny.
High polarising power
Lithium’s peculiar behavior is as follows:
Lithium is harder than the other metals in its group.
Its melting and boiling points are higher than those of other metals.
It has the least amount of reactivity.
It is the most powerful reducing agent.
LiCl is deliquescent, unlike other metals, and exists as LiCl.2H2.
Li+ ion polarises water molecules more readily than other alkali metals in its group, hence lithium salts attract water molecules and exist as crystallization water (2H2O). Other alkali metal ions normally form anhydrous salts as the polarising power of the ions decreases with increasing ion size.
When lithium reacts with ethyne, it does not generate ethynide.
Lithium oxide (Li2O) is formed when lithium nitrate is heated.
How NCERT Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 10 Topic- Anomalous Properties of Lithium Can Help You Reach Your Goals?
The majority of students have an aversion to the topic of mathematics. This is primarily due to India’s faulty educational system. People tend to believe in information that is exclusively passed down within the confines of a classroom. However, with the help of NCERT, INFINITY learn is now looking to leverage technology to overcome the Indian education system’s traditional restrictions.
The best illustration of this progression that our organization has launched is Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 10 Topic- Anomalous Properties of Lithium. People can use our services to get on-the-go access to simplified study materials. All you have to do is get the INFINITY learn app on your phone.
Importance of NCERT Solutions
The National Council for Educational Research and Training (NCERT) is a body charged with establishing norms and standards aimed at making education more accessible to all students across the country. INFINITY learns to customize and releases its content based on these concepts, which you as a student can benefit from. Math is a subject that can only be mastered by consistent practice. INFINITY learns the main goal is to assist students to understand the factors that influence their ability to answer arithmetic problems efficiently. Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 10 Topic- Anomalous Properties of Lithium, the solutions will assist you in better comprehending the chapter on Functions. As a result, you will gain confidence and, as a result, your grades will increase in the long run.
Quality of Solutions/Prepared by Expert Teachers
All of the solutions in INFINITY learn Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 10 Topic- Anomalous Properties of Lithium are 100 percent genuine since different approaches to answering a problem have been indicated. Our organization exclusively hires teachers who are both highly experienced and possess the necessary mathematics skills. Similarly, all of the solutions supplied are correct because they were developed under the supervision of experts.
Helps in Scoring high Marks
If a student’s core understanding is solid, all of the related difficulties can be solved by using the fundamental notion. The solutions in Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 10 Topic- Anomalous Properties of Lithium have been designed to cover all of the principles of functions. We make certain that you comprehend how each mathematical step is applied. Each problem has been meticulously examined in depth. As a result, make use of INFINITY learn’s online curriculum to improve your grades in the long run.
Why Choose INFINITY learn?
Students who are struggling to satisfy the requirements of the current academic curriculum can turn to INFINITY to learn top-notch mathematical solutions. Because we want to make education free and available to everyone, we provide all of our services for free. This conviction has aided us in changing India’s educational landscape.
FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)
1. Can I score full marks in Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 10 Topic- Anomalous Properties of Lithium?
Yes, you can easily score full marks in Class 11 Chemistry. All you need to do to score full marks in Maths is a frequent practice. All of the concepts should be clear in this subject since many questions are expected in the board examination from this chapter. This will help you make your confidence up and well versed with the chapter and can score full marks in the exam. You should also refer to the NCERT Solutions of this chapter.
2. What are the benefits of solving NCERT solutions by Infinite Learn?
NCERT solutions by Infinite Learn are designed strictly according to the latest CBSE syllabus and it is the best way to study this chapter containing all the important points and formulas. The subject matter experts designed these NCERT solutions with the aim to make the learning process the most convenient way.
3. How can I download the NCERT Solutions of this exercise from the Infinite Learn website?
It is very easy to download the NCERT Solutions of this exercise from the Infinite learn website. You just have to come to the infinite learn official website and look for the Class 11 category under the ‘NCERT Solutions’ section. After that, you can easily use these Solutions. Downloading these solutions and studying at your convenience is our main aim.
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|Ishlab chiqarilish sanasi||May 25, 2022|
|Operatsion tizimlar||Windows 8.1, Windows 10, Windows 11|
|Nashriyotchi||Nir Sofer - http://www.nirsoft.net - Israel|
DNSLookupView is a DNS tracing tool for Windows 10 and Windows 11 that allows you to view the details of every DNS query sent through the DNS Client service of Windows. For every DNS query, the following information is displayed: Host Name, Query Type (A, AAAA, and so on), Query Status (Error or succeeded), Query Result, Query Timestamp, ID and name of the process that requested the DNS lookup.
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Do you have a love/hate relationship with Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest (I love Pinterest more than most things ever and always and will never hate it because I want to marry it), Instagram, Reddit, Tumblr, etc.? There are many articles about social media and it’s effect on our mental health. It really is fascinating, you know, and it’s mental health month so, we should talk about it! Oh, and by we, I mean me. I am going to do all the talking right now, but I'd love it if you'd comment at the end of the post if you have something to say.
When I see extreme behavior on social media sites, and by extreme behavior I mean that they are demonstrating an excessive amount of something of other that stands out like a sore thumb.
When something is a bit too odd and a smidge (or a heap) out of context, you just know it. Some things you might see on social media sites might not be extreme or excessive, but they are pretty close. At times, something you see might just rub you wrong and you can’t figure out why. Maybe not. Millions of people use social media for millions of different reasons.
My friend, J, posted this as her status on Facebook the other day…
Most people just want to be listened to. That's probably why (social media) is so popular. If you find someone who is a really good listener, you've found a real treasure.
The social media is a very good listener!
Man, my girl nailed it. We all just want somebody to listen! I think most of us try to listen to what other people are saying. My friend, N, posted this as her status…
Confession: I often 'like' comments simply to show appreciation and acknowledgement. Not because I agree.
What social media is not, is a very good interpreter.
I agree with N. It's good social media manners to show that you are listening and acknowledging another person's need to be heard by "liking," or re-tweeting their stuff. It's a way to tell people they are being heard.
Whatever you see on social media has a purpose, yet sometimes the purpose is something completely different than what you might imagine it to be. If you find yourself in the hate phase of your relationship with social media, finding that much of what you see is triggering negative reactions for you, it’s probably a good idea to think about why.
If you are in the love phase of your relationship with social media, it’s probably because you are in a good place emotionally AND your newsfeed is free of things that trigger your insecurities. For me, it's stuff like the blog, Instagram and Facebook feed from Life with Roozle and tweets by Donny Osmond. I un-follow, hide and don't even toss a validating "I'm listening to you like" or re-tweet to my triggers. But I digress…
Our problems with social media are just that. Our problems.
Awww, go ahead and Facebook them and Tweet them! Instagram some passive-aggressive meme you made with a photo of your neighbor's dog poo piles that are ALL OVER YOUR FRONT LAWN if it makes you feel better, but I'm guessing it won't, unless it will, and in that case - post that literal and metaphorical poop!
I love social media for a few reasons. The first reason is simple. I am a social person. I like people and I want to know what they are up to. Another reason is that I’m nosey and totally fascinated by human behavior. The last thing, and probably the most important thing is that I’m pretty content with my life and have good insight into the areas where I am insecure, so I know what triggers me and I know what to do when my trigger is half-cocked.
When I feel like letting go of the trigger after scrolling through the feed of any of the social media sites I frequent, I know that it’s nobody else’s problem but mine. This is rare for me, so when it happens, I have to wonder…what’s MY deal?
So what’s YOUR deal?
This is a very important thing to consider, because social media isn’t going anywhere. I repeat…
SOCIAL MEDIA ISN’T GOING ANYWHERE!
It can be a wonderful thing, too. The Internet is amazing! We share so much online – the good, the bad, the happy and the sad (sorry, I couldn’t resist that Dr. Seuss moment).
When I was a wee girl, I had to wait for the next issue of Tiger Beat to see what my beloved Donny Osmond was up to. Now? Because of Twitter, I don’t have to wonder what would have happened if the chain hadn’t fallen off my bike the day I ran away from home, planning to ride my bike to Utah so that I could make him fall in love with me.
After all, aside from us both being soldiers of love, Donny and I have, like, NOTHING in common. It never would have worked out.
Donny and I were not meant to be.
Knowing this is good for my mental health. I don’t look at my husband and kids sitting in their underpants watching DVR’d episodes of Bob’s Burgers on Sunday morning and think, “what if,” and picture myself a couple dozen strange looking long toothed kids grinning silently while sitting in the front row of one of those giant Mormon churches.
Sigh…Ok, sometimes I do. But I digressed again, didn't I?
So, because it’s mental health month, I want to encourage you to evaluate your use of social media. I encourage you to think about how it makes you feel, why you use it how you use it and whether or not it’s a healthy, enjoyable experience for you. If you hate the social media more than you love it, if you find that it’s just an exercise in rage triggering nonsense, it’s okay to say so and be social in a way that makes you feel good.
Like anything else in life, it’s good to strive for balance (like I wrote about in my blog post about balance that you can read by clicking HERE). If your use of the social media is extreme, excessive and more of a pain than a pleasurable way to connect socially, you know you can go back to the old school way of connecting with people, right? Get together face to face! Call each other up on the telephone or start a snail mail correspondence. Yeah, you read that right - write letters!
If your use of social media makes you feel good, makes you feel safe, connected, inspired, informed and happy, keep doing what you are doing. That’s what I’m doing, and if you haven’t already read the blog Life with Roozle and followed her on Instagram, get on that right now, because this blog is one of top ten reasons I get on social media every stinking day.
(And Donny too!)
Buy my enlightening and hilarious book HERE.
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Opening to the Spirit
When we see the moon and it is not full, we can see the edge where there is very marked light on one side and darkness on the other. Human life is very much like that. There is a sharp and dividing line between waking and sleeping, between having self-awareness and being as we call it unconscious. Mostly, what we call the spiritual path is about crossing that line, going over that border, moving beyond that frontier in one way or another.
Best understood if we approach it using the old definitions of human nature as being a body, soul and spirit. It can then be seen in context. In this sense the body is a living process of change that is born, matures and dies. It is subject to time and the physical limitations of space.
The soul is the experience of personal awareness and personal memories. Rudolph Steiner points out that while the body feeds on physical substance such as food and water, the soul feeds on the experiences gathered via the body. In this way it learns, and we are referring to the soul when we say something like, “Through that experience I learned something.” The ‘I’ being the soul.
The spirit is the polar opposite of the body. It is not born and does not die. It is your fundamental core beyond the limitations of time and space, with no beginning or end. It is probably the same as the core of the universe we exist as an integral part of. Just as our physical universe – according to the big bang theory – emerged from a condition prior to the existence of time and space, so the human being emerges from and is rooted in that same mystery.
So taking the ‘spiritual’ path would mean opening your personal ‘soul’ or self to the influence of the timeless that gave rise to your present life.
I know some aspects of spirituality are said to be about living a good life; about being kind, charitable and loving to others. Well, there may be truth in that, but I do believe that unless one achieves some level of awareness of one’s own internal nature through whatever path one takes, there has not been any real awareness of the spirit. In fact I define the spirit as pertaining to what doesn’t change, what does not shift in human nature, what remains as the foundations of existence. It has everything to do with something that stands beyond life-and-death. And that is why I link it to crossing of that border, that frontier between waking and sleeping. It is about exploring the dark side of the moon.
But often the spiritual is described as if it is something far off, ephemeral, very divine or difficult to attain. What I have come to over the years is these ideas give a wrong impression of it. My simple explanation is that your spirit is you when you remember yourself fully.
What I mean by this is mostly we do not know who we are because we suffer a form of amnesia. It is a memory loss that in our culture is assumed to be normal. We fail to remember our childhood, our infancy, our birth and conception, yet these are all available to us.
When we do take our memory back to include all these and go beyond that to our life in eternity, we remember who we are. Then we know what spirit is – ourself.
In fact, one of the stated facts of what we have called the enlightened human being, is that they never sleep. By this is not meant that the body does not go into a state of what we call sleep. What it means is that while they sleep they have focused awareness still and do not lose themselves in unconsciousness. That is why lucidity is such an interesting subject. When we penetrate these levels in sleep or in waking we begin the process of remembering who we are. This is what happens in learning what I have described as LifeStream.
Carl Jung describes the consciousness of a human being, with its experience of being awake and asleep, as being like a sphere. He said that on this sphere, or ball, there is a small spot of light about the size of a pea in relationship to a tennis ball. This small spot of light, he says, depicts our experience of waking. It is a tiny part of our whole self, the rest and greater part lies in the shadows of unconsciousness, of sleep.
Of course, most of us have glimpses into that dark world when we remember a dream. Therefore, as Freud suggested, dreams are a royal road to the unconscious. But there are many other paths that have been developed through the ages. Most of them in one way or another are ways of throwing the spotlight of awareness into the darkness of that large sphere that is our total being.
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A WEARSIDE blind woman is backing a campaign to raise awareness of Braille.
National Braille Week is running until January 11 and aims to give people a better understanding about its use in the UK.
Chris Ellis, 58, a member of the Sunderland and North Durham Royal Society for the Blind, said more people should be aware of it.
She said: “I think the week is a great idea.
“I have to be honest, I didn’t know about it, but it is a great way to raise awareness of Braille. More should be made of it.
“Braille is not used as much now, as computer technology is so advanced, with voice recognition and audio books and things.
“It is a shame, because for me, I prefer reading Braille to listening, as I can concentrate more on what I am reading.”
Chris has been blind since birth, and has been a member of the society for around 18 months.
She said: “I started to learn Braille when I was around five, at the Royal Victoria School in Newcastle. Using a Braille keyboard and embosser, she now produces things for others such as restaurant menus and Christmas cards.
Braille is now one of a variety of formats used by the visually impaired, but is the world’s only universal written code, and the Royal Blind Society says its Braille printing presses are busier than ever.
Chris, from Harraton, Washington, added: “I don’t really remember learning to read Braille, as such.
“But it is probably not anymore difficult than a normal child learning to read and write using standard letters.”
Throughout National Braille Week – organised by the Royal Blind Society – the tactile system of reading and writing will be celebrated with a unique exhibition of artwork by blind artists, and Braille messages from celebrities including Susan Boyle and Stephen Fry.
Blindness inspired creator
BRAILLE was developed by Louis Braille, pictured, who born on January 4, 1809, in the small French village of Coupvray near Paris.
He was accidentally blinded while playing with his father’s saddling tools, yet managed to carry on his education and was sent to the Royal Institution for the Blind in Paris.
Louis started to think about the idea of a tactile alphabet at this time too.
French army captain Charles Barbier de le Serre had already developed a basic system of raised dots for tactile reading and writing, called sonography, which he presented to the Institution for Blind Youth.
Louis set about using the system and eventually developed it, and in three years, by the age of 15, had developed the modern system of Braille.
It employs a six-dot “cells” system in two vertical lines and is based on normal spelling.
Louis Braille eventually became a teacher and died on January 6, 1852.
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Start a 10-Day Free Trial to Unlock the Full Review
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Students classify, weight and organize items during this lesson. This lesson works great as or with an introduction of the Periodic Table of Elements.
3 Views 16 Downloads
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The United Nations Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances has concluded its 108th session in Rabat, Morocco
During the session, the task force of five experts examined several cases from over 40 countries. Using a UN criteria, the group exchanged information on individual cases and discussed thematic issues related to enforced disappearances.
“We can say that are improvements in many countries including Morocco, there are no more enforced disappearances taking place here than in other parts of the world. But it’s a global phenomenon we discussed more than 200 cases of new enforced disappearances in September of last year that’s very worrisome,’‘ Chair of the Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances Ariel Dulitzky said.
In many countries there is no proper investigation of cases of enforced disappearances from the past
‘‘In many countries there is no proper investigation of cases of enforced disappearances from the past,” he added.
Established by the UN Commission on Human Rights in 1980, the five-member working group’s aim is to assist families in determining the whereabouts of missing relatives.
The Working Group also monitors the progress of countries in fulfilling their obligations deriving from the declaration on the protection of persons from enforced disappearances.
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African Americans and the New Medicare Drug Benefit
In a few short weeks, Medicare will undergo big changes that will have a major impact on nearly 4 million African American seniors and younger people with permanent disabilities who rely on Medicare for their health coverage. More than four in ten African Americans with Medicare lack coverage for their prescription drugs for at least part of the year. Many others will need to make decisions about their existing coverage and the new Medicare benefit.
Starting Jan. 1, Medicare will cover outpatient prescription drugs, but many seniors don’t even understand the basics about what the new benefit offers or how it works. Helping African Americans who rely on Medicare to understand how this program will work is critical to ensuring they make good decisions about this coverage.
The materials on this page provide a demographic overview of African Americans with Medicare. They were used for a conference call briefing on Monday, Nov. 14, at 1 p.m. Eastern time co-sponsored by the Kaiser Family Foundation and the National Caucus and Center on Black Aged.
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Energy company Jemena has completed the 622 km Northern Gas Pipeline (NGP), opening up the supply of gas from the Northern Territory fields to Mount Isa in northwest Queensland, Australia.
The gas is to be used as a crucial feedstock by local businesses – including Incitec Pivot’s Phosphate Hill and Gibson Island facilities, as well as mining and other commercial operations throughout Queensland’s northwest, Jemena said.
Jemena’s Managing Director, Frank Tudor, said around 80% of the NGP’s capacity has been contracted; testament to the real need for additional gas across Australia’s east coast.
“Today we have taken a significant step towards ensuring Australian homes and businesses have the gas they need, when they need it,” Tudor said.
“I commend the Northern Territory Government for commissioning the NGP project in 2015 and am proud that the territory is now well-placed to become the home of Australia’s gas industry alongside Queensland.
“We know that the Northern Territory has enough gas to meet Australia’s future supply needs for the next 200 years or more, and our pipeline is the crucial, missing, link that will connect this gas with Australian homes and businesses.”
Tudor said Jemena was well-advanced in planning the expansion and extension of the Northern Gas Pipeline so that it further integrates with the east coast gas market.
“Provided gas is proven as commercially viable in the Northern Territory, Jemena will be able to increase the NGP’s capacity from around 90 TJ/d up to 700 TJ/d. To put this in context, this is enough gas to meet the average daily gas needs of Sydney, Brisbane, and Adelaide combined.”
The NGP’s commercial operations are targeted to commence between December 29 and January 10, Jemena said.
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Washington, DC -- Fr. Frank Pavone commented today on recent Gallup poll regarding questions to be asked during the judicial confirmation hearings. The poll asked an open ended question inquiring about the one specific issue that Americans want to see proposed to nominee John Roberts. The response came back overwhelmingly in favor of making known his views on abortion, with a rate of 28%. Other issues came in with only a six-percent margin or below.
“This is not surprising, in view of the fact that the number of voters for whom abortion is a deciding factor has been increasing in recent elections,” said Fr. Pavone. “Many of these voters elected President Bush precisely because they knew he would have an opportunity to nominate the kind of Supreme Court Justices they want to have. Now they want to know how the man the President selected feels about an issue important to them.”
Fr. Pavone also reminded Americans that “the so-called ‘right to abortion’ is nowhere in the Constitution, and unless a judge wants to rewrite that document, he will not invent such a right.”
Priests for Life is the nation's largest Catholic pro-life organization dedicated to ending abortion and euthanasia. For more information, visit www.priestsforlife.org.
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The African National Congress (ANC), the most widely supported South African opposition movement, was founded in 1912 and for decades pursued a policy of peaceful resistance to racist laws and practices. In 1949, one year after the National Party came to power, the ANC adopted a program of illegal but nonviolent protest. In 1955, the congress and its allies issued their Freedom Charter, the most important feature of which was the declaration that: "South Africa belongs to all who live in it, black and white."22
When non-violent means failed to move the National Party government away from white supremacist policies, the ANC, after being driven underground by a government ban in 1960, changed its tactics to include the use of force from 1961 until 1990. In the years since 1960, many ANC leaders, including attorney Nelson Mandela, were imprisoned for treason or on other charges; others went into exile. The ANC experienced a resurgence following a government crackdown on black political organizations in 1977. It was legalized by President de Klerk in February 1990. Mandela, who represents the ANC as deputy president in national negotiations with de Klerk, announced in August that it was suspending its armed struggle.
The United Democratic Front (UDF) represents a coalition of organizations formed in 1983 in order to oppose a new constitution that raised the political stakes for Africans by excluding them from a new parliament with separate chambers for whites, Coloureds and Indians. At its inception, the UDF included over 400 community, labor, religious, youth and other organizations. It regards the ANC as the leader of the black struggle in South Africa, but has never advocated violence.
The Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) was formed in November 1985 and became the largest union federation in South African history, with some 500,000 members, most of them Africans. In the climate of protest and violence sparked by the new constitution, COSATU was quickly drawn into joint political demonstrations. In a joint communique issued with the ANC in March 1986, COSATU stated:
COSATU's relationship to the nationalist and populist ANC is complex. Labor leaders seek to maintain their independence of action while seeking also to lead the ANC in a "socialist" direction that is responsive to the interests of workers.
On February 24, 1988, the government effectively but not formally banned the UDF and 16 other organizations and also prohibited COSATU from any activity deemed by the authorities to be political. They as well as the ANC and the South African Communist Party were unbanned in February 1990.
The Inkatha "cultural" movement, founded in the 1920s, was revived as a "national cultural liberation movement" by Chief Mangosuthu Gatsha Buthelezi in 1975. In July 1990, Buthelezi formally declared Inkatha a nonracial political party. Buthelezi claims that the membership is 1.9 million, but membership figures are open to serious doubt because of pressures to join.24 The vast majority of Inkatha members are Zulus living in the rural "homeland" of KwaZulu in Natal.
Buthelezi identified himself with the ANC as a student. ANC leaders, who saw him as a potential ally, encouraged him to serve as a chief within the homeland structures. Buthelezi's past association with the ANC contributed to his popularity and bid for national leadership in the 1970s although he encountered growing criticism from "black consciousness" leaders. While differing with the ANC on armed struggle and sanctions, he identified himself with its tradition and aims. Nevertheless, criticism of Buthelezi's bellicose reaction to student boycotts and popular campaigns led to an open break in mid-1980, when the ANC's president, Oliver Tambo, declared that Buthelezi had "emerged on the side of the enemy against the people."
In 1970 the KwaZulu government was founded as part of Verwoerd's "homelands" scheme, a failed attempt to designate ethnic areas to which each African, wherever resident, would be linked. The homelands were intended to become "independent" states, no longer part of South Africa. The South African government has conceded the policy's failure and envisages homeland integration into regional units.25 Buthelezi holds a dual office as the Chief Minister of KwaZulu (in this capacity he heads the KwaZulu Police) and as President of Inkatha.
Buthelezi has resisted formal independence for KwaZulu, although the distinction between KwaZulu's semi-autonomy and the formal independence of four homelands has become increasingly blurred. He has gained the support of conservative and business interests in South Africa and overseas by favoring a free enterprise economy. Support from business leaders in Natal has declined in recent years because of the continued violence. Buthelezi has pushed to consolidate support even as the government negotiates with the ANC in order for Inkatha to be perceived (as he put it) as "a force to be dealt with."
A number of COSATU-aligned labor unions and UDF-aligned youth organizations were formed in Natal at a time when political and trade union activity were increasing in the mid-1980s. In their efforts to mobilize membership, the youth organizations participated in widely supported boycotts and stayaways, at times using coercive tactics. Inkatha, threatened by these incursions onto its turf, used violent means to drive out their perceived enemies. It also used strong-arm recruitment tactics in its drives. Cycles of attack and counterattack began, breeding a culture of hatred and revenge that continues to this day.26
As in any conflict, each party to the Natal violence faults the other for starting it. Inkatha claims that the UDF in implementing boycotts and stayaways initiated the violence by using coercion, and that it responded in self-defense, only later launching attacks of its own. ANC supporters, on the other hand, claim that Buthelezi's forced recruitment drives, at the time when the UDF and COSATU began to pose a threat to his power base, caused the conflict.27
The spate of offensives which erupted in the Transvaal in July began as Zulu hostel dwellers launched attacks into the townships, supposedly in response to insults and threats, often in the form of pamphlets circulated among hostel dwellers that declared the intention of the ANC to "stamp out the Zulu nation."28 ANC leaders claim that the pamphlets were fraudulent and that the offensives were masterminded by the Inkatha. On August 6, Inkatha's West Rand Secretary said his organization would continue to mobilize members and faulted ANC-aligned youth organizations for "enforcing" school boycotts, and COSATU for "using its workers for political gains."29
It is argued that the violence will not end until Mandela and Buthelezi meet face to face to work out a peaceful solution. Buthelezi urged Mandela's release from prison for over a decade, and the two men occasionally and politely corresponded. On his release, Mandela was deterred from meeting with Buthelezi by ANC opposition to any move that would strengthen Buthelezi's status as a potential participant in national negotiations. The failure to arrange such a meeting was seen by Buthelezi as humiliating. Meanwhile, during the past two years, Inkatha and UDF-COSATU-ANC representatives have met from time to time, but progress appears to have foundered on points of protocol insisted upon by Buthelezi, for example, direct contact with Mandela or Tambo. On October 22, 1990 the ANC announced that Mandela and Buthelezi would meet as heads of ANC and Inkatha delegations.30 At this writing, the meeting has not yet occurred. On January 8, 1991, the ANC called for a conference of all political parties in South Africa. Mandela reportedly said that de Klerk had been informed of the move and did not object. Buthelezi was reportedly suspicious that the move was a maneuver by the ANC to dominate a potential constituent assembly and interim government. However, he said he would consult Inkatha members about accepting the offer.31
South African law has sought to exploit black political rivalries in accordance with a "divide and rule" strategy, as reflected in, for example, the 1983 Constitution and the homelands system. Government security forces have also pursued divide and rule tactics by manipulating conflict within the African community. Throughout the 1980s, state involvement prolonged and intensified conflicts between black groups by encouraging and exploiting vigilante violence. Groups of vigilantes in African urban townships, often of the older generation and resentful of ANC-affiliated "comrade" control, have been armed and turned loose in "radical" areas. During numerous violent incidents, security forces have neglected to protect residents from attacks by vigilante groups; on occasion, they have assisted such groups in their attacks. One example of this occurred during the 1986 conflict at Crossroads squatter settlement, near Cape Town, where UDF "comrades" had gained a major foothold in part of the settlement. As part of the state's strategy to crush radical forces, the police organized a band of African vigilantes who led two highly organized raids and torched four shack settlement areas to the ground, killing hundreds and forcing 70,000 to flee while the security forces stood by and watched. Such conflicts "justified" repressive crackdowns and the detention of local leaders. Without leadership, the conflicts deteriorated into cycles of rampant violence and revenge. The state usually inserted its own administrative structures into the vacuum left by the removal of radical street and area leaders.32
In the 1980s, the government began to recruit "instant" constables, or "kitskonstabels," from the unemployed African population, a practice not dissimilar to the recruitment of vigilantes, which is how they are regarded by residents of Natal. Kitskonstabels are given a mere six weeks of training, issued weapons, and sent out to quell dissent in the townships often in areas other than their own.33
There are three general theories as to the causes of the violence in Natal and the Transvaal. The one with perhaps the most powerful hold on the white South African imagination is that of "black on black" or "tribal" warfare, which, by stripping the violence of its political content and emphasizing the "barbaric" connotations often associated with tribalism, appears to justify white resistance to change. According to this interpretation, the fighting is due to rivalries between the Zulus and Xhosas, South Africa's two largest ethnic groups, even though the Natal population is overwhelmingly Zulu and even though historically there has been little conflict between the two geographically separated Zulu and Xhosa groups. As several of those interviewed for this report emphasized, the violence in the Transvaal is a recent phenomenon; in previous decades the various ethnic groups both in the townships and rural areas have lived together peaceably. Although Africa Watch believes that the ethnic conflict was either initiated or intensified by the South African government, we acknowledge that, since the outbreak of violence in the Transvaal, ethnic conflict has taken on a life of its own and may be part of the South African political landscape for some time to come.
A second theory, which Gavin Woods of the Inkatha Institute has repeatedly argued, concludes that socio-economic forces are the foundation of the aggression (see Introduction). According to Woods, most of the violence in Natal has been perpetrated by dispossessed young men who are driven by poverty to engage in criminal gang activity. The effects of poverty and alienation no doubt contribute to the violence, as we discuss briefly below. However, Africa Watch maintains that to blame the violence simply on socio-economic factors is overly simplistic and is an attempt to explain away the political roots of the tragedy in South Africa.
A third analysis pits Inkatha against the ANC in a conflict over political power.34 As discussed earlier in this chapter, Inkatha has recently become a national political party open to all races and is seeking a position of influence in the negotiating process. There is much at stake. Despite the reforms announced February 2, 1990, the Population Registration Act, which officially classifies citizens by race, and the Group Areas Act, which provides for demarcating areas for residence and occupation by race, plus the exclusion of over 20 million Africans, approximately 73 percent of the population, from the political process, remain in place. The government has announced that the Group Areas Act and the Land Acts of 1913 and 1936 are to be repealed in the 1992 session of parliament. It is of course impossible to know at present how the government will address the issues of political representation.
Clearly, elements of ethnic loyalties, lack of resources, political competition, and the effects of apartheid all contribute to the violence. This report does not aim to analyze in depth the complex web of factors from which the violence grew, but rather to address the role of the state in dealing with it. We provide below only a brief discussion of socio-economic pressures of apartheid, which are relevant to an understanding of the broader context in which the killings are taking place.
Poverty, lack of education and lack of employment opportunities among the black population help to breed a culture of violence. According to 1980 figures, whites, who constitute 15.4 percent of the total population, received 64.9 percent of the total income earned in South Africa. Black Africans, 73 percent of the population, earned only 24.9 percent of the total income for South Africa. Illiteracy figures for the same period demonstrate that for adults 20 years or older, the illiteracy rate for Africans was nearly 30 percent while for whites, less than 3 percent. State expenditure per pupil in 1983-4 was over 1,600 rand for white children, over 1,000 rand for Indian children, less than 600 for "Coloured" children, and between 200 and 300 for African children.35
The Department of Education and Training, which governs national policy for African education, has pursued a curriculum whose inferiority is manifest in the frustration experienced by students who are accepted into "white" universities only to find themselves ill prepared to compete with their white peers.36 The father of the earlier "Bantu Education" program, H.F. Verwoerd, believed that education should not prepare blacks to rise above certain forms of labor, but should encourage subservience. His premises have been overridden, however, by South Africa's economic and social needs, and the proportion of black students in English-speaking "white" universities has risen substantially. Disruptions in schooling, caused by mass mobilization for involvement in political action and the combined effects of boycotts, stayaways and protest marches, also take a toll. For example, a teacher from Mpumalanga, in Natal, stated that students no longer feel able to study at home because they must "stand guard at night against an attack from the comrades, Inkatha vigilantes, or the KwaZulu Police."37
An additional frustration for the poor, and a major factor in the outbreak of violence near Johannesburg, is the oscillating migrant labor system. Single-sex hostels, often adjacent to work on the mines, virtually isolate migrant laborers from surrounding township residents. The migrants, whose families live in distant rural areas, many of them in Zululand, lead a lonely existence, returning to their homes and families only periodically, sometimes once a year. Hostel conditions are cramped and unsanitary. Soweto's five hostels officially accommodate 13,000 workers, but unofficial estimates of occupancy are at around 39,000. Overall, nearly 125,000 migrant workers live in the 31 hostels in townships surrounding Johannesburg.38
Political tolerance is the exception in a country where, historically, dissent has been met with repression. Black South African children are growing up witnessing or participating in brutal violence. The Trauma Centre at the University of the Witwatersrand reports that many children from the townships manifest symptoms of post-traumatic stress, such as the inability to sleep, nightmares, depression, withdrawal, hypervigilance and inability to concentrate.
In Uprooting Poverty: The South African Challenge, Francis Wilson and Mamphela Ramphele conclude:
Even without special emergency restrictions, South African laws provide the South African Police, the Defence Forces and the Special Police (kitskonstabels) with wide powers to control political activity. The Internal Security Act, for example, allows the security forces to ban gatherings, and to arrest, detain and interrogate citizens suspected of "terrorism" and "subversion," sometimes for long periods without charge or trial.
The state of emergency, which was declared over the entire country in June 1986 in response to escalating black resistance, was authorized by the Public Safety Act of 1953, which allows the State President to declare emergency rule when ordinary laws are insufficient to maintain law and order. As an additional measure, the military occupied 97 townships. The SAP, the ZP, kitskonstabels, and the SADF had wide powers under the state of emergency, including the authority to arrest people considered a danger to public safety whether or not they are suspected of a crime. They were also permitted to shoot to kill if a suspect was attempting to escape. Emergency laws permitted detentions for up to five months without charge or interrogation; such detentions could be repeated indefinitely. Security forces also have powers to search any building or vehicle without a warrant.40
De Klerk lifted the National State of Emergency in June 1990, except in Natal, which was kept under emergency rule until October 18. Emergency regulations were used for three main purposes: detention of UDF/COSATU/ANC supporters; prohibition of UDF/COSATU meetings; and restrictions on media reporting on the conflict. Although the unbanning of the ANC in February 1990 has rendered most of these obsolete, attitudes within the security forces appear to be frozen in time. The bias of the security forces can be traced to the decades when the ANC was banned and its supporters labeled "terrorist" or "subversive." It does not appear that the security forces have markedly altered their behavior to reflect the ANC's legalization in February. In fact, the Lawyers for Human Rights (LHR), based in Pretoria, reports that as South Africa moves toward change, police brutality is on the increase. Deaths in detention and brutal torture of detainees and of people picked up for questioning have been well documented. The LHR has opened 24 files on police violence in Pietermaritzburg in the last year and a half and 55 cases regarding brtuality in the Mpumalanga area. Until recently, the state of emergency in Natal protected police from accountability. The LHR is currently collecting affidavits regarding police partiality in the Transvaal violence.41
In a January 1988 speech in Pietermaritzburg, Minister of Law and Order Adriaan Vlok openly stated the government's attitudes:
On April 24, 1990, well after the ban on the ANC was lifted, in a speech before parliament on the violence in Natal, Vlok said that the UDF/COSATU alliance were part of a brotherhood of those "revolutionary," "violent terrorist" organizations, the ANC and South African Communist Party (SACP):
The situation in the Transvaal reflects similar bias. Justice R.J. Goldstone released a report on September 1, 1990 providing documentation that in March the police opened fire on a large gathering of UDF supporters in Sebokeng, south of Johannesburg, without justification or orders to do so. Twelve people died and 281 were injured in the incident. According to the report 84 people were shot in the back.44 The incident provoked the ANC to cancel their initial talks with the government.
Security forces have actively disarmed UDF/ANC members to a much greater extent than they have disarmed Inkatha supporters, often prior to an Inkatha attack. When confronted, they have argued that Inkatha weapons are "cultural weapons," and that Inkatha is a "cultural movement," rather than a political party, an argument which no longer holds since the declaration of Inkatha as a political party in July. A representative from the Legal Resources Centre (LRC) in Durban met with the Commissioner of the SAP on June 5, 1990, to call for a change in the "cultural weapons" policy. The LRC represented various communities who wanted to address the issue of dangerous weapons with the aim of de-escalating the violence. The LRC cited six statutes which demonstrate that the possession and display of lethal weapons is prohibited, especially with intent to use them for unlawful purposes or during large group gatherings. Such weapons have been openly displayed during Inkatha rallies and marches, which have repeatedly been followed by conflicts with ANC supporters that resulted in killing and destruction of property. In addition to arguing that Inkatha's policy of carrying "cultural weapons" was unlawful, the LRC included affidavits, photographs, and further evidence of the display of such weapons and the resulting violence on several separate occasions. The LRC concluded:
Partisan disarmament has been evident in the Transvaal conflict as well. In several instances, township residents told the press that police confiscated makeshift weapons from squatters but not from hostel dwellers.46 Such allegations were made as well by several eyewitnesses interviewed by Africa Watch in Johannesburg in August.
In addition to the failure to provide proper policing, many victims of apartheid have found courts ineffective. Delays are part of the problem. To cite only one example, The Natal Mercury on March 23, 1988 reported an inquest held in the Howick Magistrates court in Pietermaritzburg, Natal, at which nine Inkatha members were found to be responsible for the deliberate killing of three Mpophomeni residents and assault on a fourth. The findings of the inquest were referred to the Attorney-General to decide who should be charged and what the charges should be. Two years later, despite the fact that the inquest named individuals, no prosecutions have followed.47 In general, criminal cases brought against so-called Inkatha "warlords" who control areas in and around Durban and Pietermaritzburg have resulted in acquittals.48
Because township residents have perceived the courts as either unwilling or unable to discharge their responsibilities, they have bypassed the judicial system. In 1985 and 1986, "people's courts" sprang up in townships that had become "no-go" areas for whites. These courts in effect took the law into their own hands. While some of them only imposed fines, others authorized whip lashings and deaths by "necklacing," in which a rubber tire, filled with kerosene, is forced around a victim's chest and arms, and set on fire. Necklacing was frequently used to punish offenders, including children, alleged to be traitors to the movement as well as those related to the offenders by blood or other ties. The ANC executive body condemned the practice. During the first half of 1990, a number of killings were carried out on the south coast of Natal by young men claiming to be carrying out ANC justice.49
Inkatha warlords have been known to rule their constituencies harshly as well. For example, one warlord, who called for "liquidation" of ANC and UDF youths, warned Inkatha parents that their Zulu children who joined the ANC would be killed.50
The remainder of this report examines the security forces' role in the conflict under the state of emergency in Natal and in the "unrest areas" surrounding Johannesburg. It also discusses the response of state authorities to complaints of police collaboration with Inkatha and pleas for protection from Inkatha and the security forces, and examines the failure of the US administration to comment publicly on role of the security forces.
22 Thomas G. Karis, "Revolution in the Making: Black Politics in South Africa," Foreign Affairs, Winter 1983/84.
23 Thomas G. Karis, "South African Liberation: The Communist Factor," Foreign Affairs, Winter 1986/87.
24 Christopher Wren, "Buthelezi Opposes Campaign by Mandela Group," The New York Times, December 9, 1990.
25 There are ten such homelands in South Africa. Four are considered by South Africa to be independent. Current government policy is to integrate the four into South Africa through negotiation. No foreign government recognizes their independence. KwaZulu is one of six "self-governing" homelands which have not accepted "independence."
26 John Aitchison, "Can the Torture of Natal Ever Be Ended?" Natal Witness Echo, August 23, 1990.
27 Interviews with Inkatha supporters and ANC supporters June-August, 1990.
28 Various interviews conducted in Johannesburg and Soweto, mid to late August, 1990.
29 Matshube Mfoloe, "Inkatha slams COSATU over war," Sowetan, August 6, 1990.
30 Christopher Wren, The New York Times, October 23, 1990.
31 Christopher Wren, "Mandela Asks Talks With All Parties," The New York Times, January 9, 1991.
32 Sparks, The Mind of South Africa, pp. 356-7.
34 John Aitchison, "Interpreting Violence: The Struggle to Understand the Natal Conflict," and Paulus Zulu and Stavros Stavrou, "Violence in Natal: Social Implications," unpublished papers.
35 Francis Wilson and Mamphela Ramphele, Uprooting Poverty: The South African Challenge (Cape Town and Johannesburg: David Philip, 1989), pp. 20, 138 and 142.
36 Academic Support Program, University of Cape Town.
37 Paulus Zulu and Stavros Stavrou, "Violence in Natal: Social Implications," pp. 10, 13.
38 Jon Qwelane, "The Hostels of Hate," Sunday Star, August 19, 1990, and Christopher Wren, "Around Squalid South African Hostel, a Battleground in Factional Fighting," The New York Times, September 9, 1990.
39 Wilson and Ramphele, Uprooting Poverty, pp. 166, 230.
40 Powers and Limitations of Police, The Legal Resources Centre, Durban.
41 Rights: A Lawyers for Human Rights Publication, Vol. 2, September 1990, p. 34.
42 Peter Rutsch, "Law and Justice," IDASA presentation on Violence in Natal, p.25.
44 Alan Cowell, "Pretoria Condemns Shootings of Protestors," The New York Times, September 2, 1990.
45 Legal Resources Centre, Durban, Memorandum on Dangerous Weapons, Meeting with the Commissioner of the South African Police on the 5 June, 1990.
46 Christopher Wren, "Terror and Death Replace Hope in Squatter Camp," The New York Times, September 13, 1990; "Pangas flash amid the cries of dying men," Daily News (Durban), August 17, 1990; Jo-Anne Collinge, "Hostels `Defenseless' after SAP weapons raid," The Weekly Mail, August 3-5, 1990; and "Disarmed and Trapped──Nowhere to Hide, Johannesburg Star, August 11, 1990.
47 Rutsch, "Law and Justice," p. 25.
48 Rutsch, "Law and Justice," pp. 29-33.
49 "Police Told of `Kill Comrades' Speech," The Weekly Mail, June 1 to June 7, 1990.
50 "Natal Chief's Call: Kill Comrades," The Weekly Mail, June 1, 1990.
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Spicy food: Hotter may not mean better
While capsaicin, found in spicy food, can increase metabolism, more research is needed on humans
Eating spicy food supposedly increases metabolism, reduces the risk of vascular-related diseases, relieves pain and more, as some studies suggest.
But such health benefits are not always the case.
According to Dr Eric Hong, a cardiologist from Mount Elizabeth Hospital, capsaicin - a chemical compound in spicy food that gives it its punch - has been shown to cause only small increases in temperature and metabolism.
These increases can also be outweighed by the excessive calories gained from eating spicy food, added Dr Hong.
"Consuming excessive saturated fat and salt that come with spicy food is bad," he said.
"A combination of regular physical exercise and a low-calorie diet is still the best approach to prevent and treat obesity, rather than consuming excessive spicy food to increase metabolism."
Dr Hong said the effects of capsaicin may not last long as the body may develop a tolerance to the heat.
A combination of regular physical exercise and a low-calorie diet is still the best approach to prevent and treat obesity, rather than consuming excessive spicy food to increase metabolism.Cardiologist Eric Hong
Still, there is some theoretical basis that capsaicin can help with hypertension.
Capsaicin was found to reduce the thickening of the walls of blood vessels in mice in studies.
The compound does this by increasing calcium through heat receptor proteins called TRPV1 in the blood vessel cells, thus stimulating an enzyme that causes the blood vessels to widen, added Dr Hong.
Research from small studies also suggests capsaicin boosts the production of nitric oxide, which opens up heart arteries.
Dr Hong said: "This has shown to increase the exercise tolerance of patients with heart disease.
"However, unlike established statins and blood pressure medications, there have been no large human studies to prove that they prevent heart attacks."
Topical capsaicin can help with health issues such as arthritis, since it has pain-relieving and anti-inflammatory properties, said Shenton Medical Group's deputy medical director Edwin Chng.
Capsaicin binds to and activates TRPV1, causing a burning sensation.
But if exposed to capsaicin for long enough, nerve cells become desensitised to the pain, Dr Chng said.
However, Dr Hong said despite capsaicin's apparent positive effects, the applications of capsaicin are limited by its pungency, meaning its strong, sharp and thus unpleasant flavour.
It is also difficult to replicate the positive effects of capsaicin from pre-clinical tests on animals in clinical tests on humans, since lower doses of capsaicin are used in clinical tests.
Dr Hong added that high doses of capsaicin may also result in other unforeseen physiological effects.
He said: "Further clinical studies with capsaicin administered in food, capsules or via patches are needed to establish protocols that are tolerable for most patients, and to evaluate the potential of capsaicin for promoting vascular and metabolic health."
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“The Lord said to Moses, ‘I will also do this thing of which you have spoken; for you have found favor in My sight and I have known you by name’” ~ Exodus 33:17, NASB.
Walking in God’s favor empowers our lives and makes us fruitful as His people. It is a sign of intimacy with God, being a people after God’s own heart. Along with that is the increased intimacy of friendship with God as ones knowing each other well, privileged to call each other by name.
Known by name:
I know many people when I see them, but those I know best, I know by name; and those I am most intimate with, I know by their chosen or preferred name. This passage leads me to the understanding that it is the same with God.
Some have a shallow acquaintance with Him, while others draw near on a first name basis. People who possess a depth of knowledge as His chosen people that goes beyond mere acquaintance come into a friendship with God that is real and alive.
When God speaks to my heart, 99 times out of a hundred He begins by getting my attention as He calls out, “Darlene”. That sign of intimacy goes the other direction as the child of God learns the names of God, calling on Him with intimate knowledge of who He is (something we will look at closely in days to come).
Deeper intimacy still is found in a relationship that has God naming us according to His desire for us (Revelation 2:17). We see this in instances of people’s relationship with God in Scripture:
Abram (exalted father ~ Genesis 11:27, NASB footnote) becomes Abraham (father of many ~ Genesis 17:5, NASB footnote). Abram’s name change takes him from being the start of a nation to the promise of being the father of more than can be numbered.
Jacob (heel catcher, trickster, supplanter) becomes Israel (he fights or persists with God in prevailing prayer). Jacob no longer relied on himself and trickery to get what was his. He learned to rely on God and receive from His hand.
Simon (he has heard) becomes Peter (rock – one who stands on what he knows and speaks what he believes).
And in my time, Darlene (Beloved) becomes Abigail (Rejoicing – One whose heart rejoices in God. One in whom the heart of God rejoices.) God gave me this name long ago during a time of drawing near to Him and it became my mantra, my life goal, to live so-as-to bring Him rejoicing as I rejoice in Him. For someone who has suffered much rejection and the fear of rejection, this name inspires hope and helps me to know that God does not reject me, but has chosen me, and He finds joy in my presence with Him.
Knowing God inspires faithfulness that wins favor. Him knowing us produces an intimacy that is deep and abiding, as face to face as we can possess in this life, based on a love that never fails.
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Many students and their parents have questions concerning financial assistance. Listed below are the most frequently asked questions in the Financial Assistance office at BVU. If your questions are not answered here, please feel free to contact us by phone at 712.749.2164, or send us your questions here or stop by the Financial Assistance office in Dixon-Eilers Hall, Room 104.
A1: The federal and state governments require some forms, such as the FAFSA, before they will provide their sources of funding. In addition, there may be verification forms that are also required by the federal government. Buena Vista University may also request completion of certain forms. All this information is gathered in an effort to award limited financial aid dollars to qualified students.
A2: Sources of aid come from four main sources: the federal government, the State of Iowa (Iowa residents), Buena Vista University and local groups. Your first step in understanding your award should be to determine which of these sources provided each type of aid you received. It is then important to determine how those awards are renewed. The amount of aid you receive is typically based on two factors: need and/or academics.; If one or both of these criteria change, your aid may also change. Some awards, like scholarships from your community, may only be available for your freshman year.
As you may know, Buena Vista University (or any college or university) can not control your eligibility for funding for most aid sources from the federal or state governments or from outside agencies. You may lose federal or state aid from year to year based on a decrease in funding or a decrease in your financial need. Some things that could change your financial need would be your income or the income of your parents, number of family members or number of family members in college. Each student's eligibility is determined individually based on all of the information you provide on the FAFSA, but all families across the nation are assessed using the same federal formula. Please let us know if you would like access to that formula.
Scholarships from BVU are renewable based on c.g.p.a. requirements and perhaps continued participation of some kind (should there be any for the awards you received as a freshman). A student rarely receives less BVU gift aid from one year to the next, unless your c.g.p.a. does not meet renewal requirements, if a scholarship or grant was available for only one year, or your financial need decreases significantly.
A3: The vast majority of financial aid is awarded based on the results of the FAFSA. The FAFSA asks for things like parents' adjusted gross income, taxes paid, family size, number in college etc. (The net worth of the family's home is protected in the analysis so that families no longer have to mortgage their home to pay for higher education.) It also asks for student income and asset information. All of this information goes into the formula to determine financial need. We trust that families have completed the application correctly and we base our awarding policies on the outcome of that calculation. Our awarding is also based on the student's academics. We would encourage students to not “judge a book by its cover” when it comes to financial aid: there may be things you do not know about other families that increases their financial need. If in doubt, stop by the Office of Financial Assistance to discuss your personal situation with our staff.
A4: The federal government, which is the provider of the majority of loan funding, determines your maximum loan eligibility based on your grade level. As you progress in your education, it is assumed that you are more likely to graduate; therefore, the closer you get to graduation, the more eligibility you have for loan. However, your gift aid total does not decrease because loan eligibility increases. You always have the right to decline any portion of that loan amount: the maximum will be provided on your award notification as an option to cover educational costs.
A5: Your initial award is based on the information we have at the time the original award is prepared. If your FAFSA information is corrected or if you receive additional aid that was not known about at the time of the initial award, we want you to be aware of any changes that need to be made. This is our way of keeping you informed.
A6: College Work-Study is a federally funded program. Students must have remaining need (after grant/scholarship aid is applied) to be eligible for the award. Funding is also limited, so not all students can receive an award. Members of our faculty choose Academic Assistants. The funding for this award comes from Buena Vista funds, so we do not have to follow federal awarding requirements and need is not a determining factor. To receive an AA award, a student only needs to be selected by a faculty member and meet the academic criteria of a 3.2 or better c.g.p.a.
A7: Student athletes do not receive more aid, on average, than non-athletes. (Some athletes may receive more aid than you do, just as some non-athletes may receive more aid than you: again, individual financial need and academics are the criteria that are used to determine individual financial aid eligibility.) In fact, we are required by the NCAA Division III to ensure that athletes are not treated differently than those students who do not participate in athletics. Because of our affiliation with Division III athletics, we do not offer any specific aid for athletic participation.
A8: All outside scholarship opportunities we are aware of are posted on this web page and on the information board outside our office. We do not determine the awarding criteria for these awards and we post to that web site specific eligibility information provided by the source of that funding. View the outside scholarships.
A9: BVU does not determine financial need or dependency status: that is done by the Department of Education. The Dept. of Ed believes the parent and student have the primary responsibility to pay for higher education to the extent they are able, based on the federal needs analysis formula. We follow that guidance. Unwillingness by a parent to help with higher education costs does not negate this premise. It is unfortunate when parents are unwilling to help with higher education costs. Students in this situation can visit with the Office of Financial Assistance regarding financing options.
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A Brief Overview of Distribution Centers
In any operation, distribution centers play a crucial role. And these days, they are a vital and valuable tool, as they help by freeing people to work on other tasks.
Our company offers distribution centers for different businesses to manage an entire operation’s activities and supply chain efficiently. Due to our effectiveness in maintaining a healthy supply chain, our distribution centers have been used by many businesses.
Our expert team will help you increase the efficiency of the supply chain of your business and service quality through a well-organized action.
Our company offers you a better cost-saving method while multiplying the processing speed of your business.
For better business growth, you need to get over the traditional asset storage system and get professionals from our company to handle all supply solutions for your company. We will put forth our best potential and experience to ensure you are always ahead of your competitors in the market.
What Are Distribution Centers?
In simple terms, distribution centers are considered a corporate treasure. As a distribution center provider, we are designed to assist companies in making optimum use of space and assets while helping to maintain a healthy business.
With our team of experts and specific tools, we will help you control the entire supply chain of your company and ensure high-quality service with faster shipping resolutions.
Additionally, our services include speeding up the production process without compromising quality.
Our company has created a dedicated team of professionals who will provide you with the best service for all your shipping and storage-related needs.
Role Of Our Distribution Centers In Supply Chain Of Your Business
As a company specializing in the development of logistics, our distribution centers have the best facilities and services to consider enhancing your supply chain.
This has been made possible by the availability of advanced technology and skilled professionals who will help you cut expenses and increase business profit.
As a distribution management service in our service, our roles include
- Improving workflow efficiency through better management of supply chain
- Achieve complete coordination and total control in the distribution process
- Increase production efficiency and decrease production loss
- Reduce inventory and cost, optimize storage space and reduce storage cost
- Decrease inventory cost by reducing the stocking costs in warehousing facilities
With their expertise in cutting costs, our team will help you manage all supply chain activities so that your business can operate smoothly.
Due to our expertise in this field, we have worked with several other businesses to ensure they gain maximum advantage from distribution centers.
We will provide you with the best support and assistance designed to ensure that your business maximizes profits while ensuring customer satisfaction levels are consistently maintained at high standards.
Advantages Of Using Our Distribution Centers
Our company offers you the best services and solutions to get the best results when it comes to distribution centers.
Our company offers you all kinds of warehouse facilities that will help you enhance production efficiency while maintaining a vast range of benefits.
We will help you take advantage of various enhanced processes with our advanced tools and facilities.
Here’s what you can gain by hiring our distribution centers for your business
✓ Avoid In-Transit Losses
Our comprehensive facilities help ensure that business products are transported between countries and states with minimal losses due to lack of space or transportation expensive mails. In addition, we help you to avoid the pitfalls of a slow shipment process that may cause significant losses due to delayed delivery.
✓ Faster Shipment Resolutions
Our distribution centers will ensure fast and safe shipments so that your business doesn’t suffer losses because of delayed delivery. As a distribution centers provider, we handle large volumes of shipments and high-volume products with speed and efficiency.
✓ Flexibility In Shipment Process
Distribution centers experts like our company will provide you with greater flexibility. With our help, you can be at liberty in moving your operations out of your facility and into the distribution center while your products are still being produced within it.
✓ Latest Working Mechanism
We use cutting-edge technology in our Distribution Centers that will keep an eye on all your shipments to avoid getting lost or damaged during the transportation process. In addition, our company provides you with the latest tech and tools to ensure you have a well-organized action.
✓ Economies Of Scale
Distribution centers offered by our company assure you of moving your products at reduced prices while ensuring faster resolution of shipment problems.
In addition, with our help, you will be in a position to enjoy economies of scale.
This is one major benefit distribution centers can bring to your business, irrespective of its size and nature.
As the world moves towards globalization, the demand for distribution centers has increased massively.
In addition, people want to access products from different parts of the world.
This creates a wide range of problems and issues requiring professional solutions.
If you have a design idea that you would like to explore, or a question about your current print, promotional or packaging project, contact us and we will advise you on how to get started.
We work with the biggest brands and the bravest clients!
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EUR Trade Index 18-Year Chart
The euro's nominal trade-weighted index is based on geometric weighted averages of bilateral exchange rates of 12 currencies against the 15-nations of the Eurozone (Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovenia and Spain). The index is not adjusted for inflation.
The weights are based on 2002-04 trade data, with a base 100 value set from Q1 1999. The basket comprises 12 countries, with the main components as follows: U.S. 26.4%; U.K. 22.6%; Japan 14%; Korean Republic 6.2%; Switzerland 8.7%; Sweden 6.3%.
|
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The People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) Foundation is a UK-based charity dedicated to establishing and protecting the rights of all animals.
Like humans, animals are capable of suffering and have interests in leading their own lives; therefore, they are not ours to use – for food, clothing, experimentation, entertainment or any other reason. PETA and our affiliates around the world educate policymakers and the public about cruelty to animals and promote an understanding of the right of all animals to be treated with respect.
PETA works through public education, research, legislation, special events, celebrity involvement and protest campaigns. PETA believes in non-violence and does not advocate or support actions in which anyone, human or non-human, is harmed. PETA is a charitable organisation that works to educate the public about the horrors of cruelty to animals through peaceful means.
Depending on context, the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals Foundation may be referred to as the “PETA Foundation”, “PETA UK”, or “PETA.” References to any campaign activities that occurred prior to October 2009 refer to activities undertaken by PETA Europe.
Annual Review©Erica Ruch
|
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I’ve never been a big science fiction head – except for the super-stylized (Blade Runner, Space Odyssey) or the super-camp (Barbarella). But now I can add to that list, the super-sociological. “The Left Hand of Darkness” by Ursula Le Guin was written in the 1970s. It is set on a frozen ice-planet called Winter which is home to a race of aliens closely related to humans except that they are all born as assexual hermaphrodites and once a month, in response to a hormone cycle, they express a gender and become sexually charged. One month they could be female and the next, male.
Le Guin described the book as a “thought experiment”. What would society be like with no gender divisions? No men and no women, no oppressed and no oppressor – and for twenty eight days of each month, no sex?
All of this is thrown into sharp relief by the arrival of the Envoy, an alien (human) ambassador who has come to invite Gethen to join an interplanetary league. The locals are both horrified and fascinated by “the Pervert”, with his shocking permanent gender and presumed constant horniness.
It is a really fascinating book, painting a vivid picture of a world both incredible similar and bizarrely different from our own.
|
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|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
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https://ilbonito.wordpress.com/2013/05/22/interplanetary/
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It's that time again. This animal is not a dinosaur, may or may not be along their lineage. Depends on who you ask, I suppose. With that clue in mind, here's the diagnosis!
Small slender-limbed ornithodiran characterized by: low subtriangular skull, twice as broad across orbits as deep, expanded nasal which hides premaxillae and external nares in dorsal view, maxilla with raised anterior margin of antorbital fossa, reduced slit-like upper temporal fenestra, broad quadrangular plate-like parietal, quadrate-quadratojugal bar angled steeply backwards from anteriorly placed glenoid (and posteriorly located braincase and long retroarticular process) and metatarsals I-IV equal in length.
If Chris gets this on the first try, I'm gonna go nuts!
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|
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|
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Congress Requires Equine Piroplasmosis Test
Beginning in 2011, the Ohio Quarter Horse Association will require certification of a negative blood test for equine piroplasmosis for all horses entering the Ohio Expo Center for the All American Quarter Horse Congress. The test must have been completed within one year prior to entry onto the show grounds.
Equine piroplasmosis is a tick-borne disease caused by the parasites Babesia caballi and Theilertia equi that affects horses, donkeys, mules, and zebras.The disease is transmitted via tick bites or through mechanical transmission by improperly disinfected needles or surgical instruments.
“Unfortunately, this disease is becoming more and more prevalent throughout the U.S.,” said OQHA Executive Vice President Cam Foreman. “With the volume of horses that attend the Congress, we felt that we needed to protect both the exhibitors and their horses to the best of our ability.”
By allowing a negative test to be completed within one year, exhibitors can have one test done for both the AQHA World Shows and the All American Quarter Horse Congress.
Please note that horses without a certificate of a negative blood test for equine piroplasmosis will not be permitted onto the show grounds. Additionally, all trailers entering the show grounds will be required to stop at a secondary checkpoint, located before the Stall Office, to verify negative Coggins and negative equine piroplasmosis tests.
The Ohio Quarter Horse Association will be enforcing the following rule: A negative test for equine piroplasmosis will be required for all horses attending the 2011 All American Quarter Horse Congress. The horse(s) must be tested negative by the c-ELISA assay for both Theilerta equi and Babesia caballi. All horses entering the Congress shall be accompanied by an official laboratory report or certificate of veterinary inspection indicating the negative piroplasmosis result, laboratory and accession number. Testing shall completed on a blood sample collected within one (1) year prior to entry onto the Congress show grounds and have been conducted by a laboratory certified and approved by the USDA.
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| 0.902917
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