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Systems Engineering by Ricardo Valerdi
Industrial Engineer's quarterly column about systems engineering (February 2013)
A system is not just the sum of its parts
It seems like every discipline has its own definition of a system – definitions that depend on what attributes are important in each context. One of the most common definitions of a system is:
Where the whole is greater than the sum of its parts
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If you are not a member, join IISE now and begin enjoying benefits immediately, including full access to ISE magazine. | <urn:uuid:f4a5b91f-e9cc-431b-8d6f-3e2b4229073c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.iise.org/IEMagazine/Details.aspx?id=33800 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00377-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961262 | 178 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Why isn't Congress willing to do something about the immigration problem?
A simple enough question.
It was posed to me as I moderated a panel sponsored by the Peace and Justice Commission at the Newman Center, the Catholic parish on the UNM campus. That question from the audience continued to disturb me long after the forum ended.
I attempted an answer that late October afternoon and got a lot of help from the panelists, but I don’t think we adequately responded. I’ve been working on an improved answer fortified by several additional days of chewing on the question.
I suggested it was just another in a long list of important issues Congress couldn’t possibly deal with because it is so polarized by partisan bickering. “With elections coming up, no one wants to risk taking a stand on comprehensive reform when the other side is itching to use it like a club in an ambush.”
Panelists expanded on this answer. They pointed out that President Reagan granted amnesty to 3 million undocumented workers living here in the mid-’80s, and this move generated nary a ripple in public comment. But today’s GOP would never permit President Obama to get away with anything like that. Besides, since the House is controlled by Republicans and the Senate by Democrats, they can’t agree on much of anything.
Occupy Wall Street doesn’t have to prescribe a course of treatment. Its role is simply to not let us ignore the diagnosis ...
That’s not an incorrect answer; it describes what is happening. Still, I left the forum definitely unsatisfied with it as an explanation of why.
If we don’t expect Congress and the president to find an answer for this dilemma “because they are so divided,” how can we ever expect them to find a resolution for any of the intractable puzzles we face as a society?
And if a democracy can’t do anything more when confronted by serious problems than kick them down the road for someone else to solve at some nebulous “more cooperative future time,” does that actually qualify it as a legitimate form of government? Or has Congress simply become a debating society on a grand stage?
No, I think a better explanation for paralysis on this issue can be found with the Occupy Wall Street phenomenon and what it is saying about the condition we're in.
In capsule form, that nationwide movement is about our society’s unfairness, the tilting of the playing field and insider manipulation of the rules—all of which have helped create our banana republic status as a plutocracy masquerading as a democracy.
Occupy Wall Street doesn’t have to prescribe a course of treatment. Its role is simply to not let us ignore the diagnosis: The 1 percent at the top of the social pyramid are firmly in control, and that ain’t good for the rest of us.
And the answer to the original question, the “why” Congress isn’t acting on immigration reform, is contained in that diagnosis: It won’t act on immigration because any improvement in the status quo will reduce the economic advantage of Congress’ truest constituency, the 1 percent. When the bankers and investment firm managers signal they are ready to OK a change, Congress will leap to the task, and we’ll have the reform completed and on the president’s desk in weeks.
Then, miraculously, the right-wing punditry machinery will overnight volunteer that this is not amnesty. Oh no, that's something Democrats favor. This is something totally different, maybe a worker identification program or a path to participation.
This new plan won't leave our borders vulnerable. Oh no, that’s something that Democrats, those socialists, are so careless about. This is altogether different. It’s, uh, oh, let me see ... it’s, yes, that’s it, it’s monitored entry or work availability certification. They are very good at wordsmithing, those pundits, so whatever they come up with will satisfy our national aesthetic, if not our logic.
And we will swallow it. Ta da! The “problem” of immigration will have been resolved. Congressional leaders will shake hands all around. And the three decades of suffering by millions of undocumented third-world immigrants will be swept away.
But in a plutocracy—rule by the wealthiest—
Of course at a Catholic parish, a religious setting concerned with the moral dimension, that answer would have sounded very cynical. Wall Street might not concern itself with morality, but churches and human beings do. That's why the Supreme Court was so wrong when it said corporations are people.
As a sign at an Occupy Wall Street demonstration put it so well, “I’ll believe corporations are people when the State of Texas executes one.” People have to face the consequences of their behavior. But corporations are created expressly to avoid liability. | <urn:uuid:34982155-172b-4edb-93a3-ced5061336f0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://alibi.com/editorial/includes/story_popup.php?story=39562&scn=news&fullstory=y | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00064-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959374 | 1,033 | 1.632813 | 2 |
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Silencing of puroindoline a alters the kernel texture in transgenic bread wheat
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Grain hardness is an important end-use quality parameter of bread wheat, and one of the most important characters for quality improvement. The objective of this study was to further understand the function of puroindolines and the underlying mechanism in the formation of kernel texture. The highly efficient expression vector pUBPa harboring puroindoline a (Pina) was introduced into the bread wheat cultivar Zhongyou 9507-60 via biolistic transformation and transgenic plants were obtained. The integration of the foreign Pina gene was confirmed by PCR and genomic DNA Southern blot analysis. The levels of friabilin on the surface of water-washed starch granules varied among the transgenic lines. SDS-PAGE analysis of Triton X-114 extracted protein showed that the PINA protein was absent in three transgenic lines, indicating that the endogenous Pina gene most likely had been co-suppressed by the over-expression of the Pina transgene. SKCS kernel hardness and scanning electron microscopy analysis further confirmed the changes of kernel texture in these lines.
Journal of cereal science 2008 Mar., v. 47, issue 2
Journal Articles, USDA Authors, Peer-Reviewed
Works produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted.
Agricultural Research Service
Web Policies and Important Links | <urn:uuid:05e91f34-8407-469a-90ae-0181fd72d970> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://naldc.nal.usda.gov/catalog/23473 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718426.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00138-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.84533 | 334 | 2.125 | 2 |
Scientists are constantly on the look out for lighter, stronger, and more energy-efficient materials. Here's a glance at some materials that will change the way we build things in the future.
Graphene is extremely thin and strong.
What it is: Graphene is a substance made of pure carbon. The carbon is arranged in a honeycomb pattern in a one-atom thick sheet. Another way to think of graphene: Each time we write with a graphite pencil, we are basically making layers of graphene.
How it's transformative:Graphene has been called a "miracle material" because it's thin, strong, flexible, conducts electricity, and its nearly transparent. Its potential applications are practically limitless. Graphene researchers won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2010 for developing the wonder-material and now you can even make it in your kitchen.
Suggested uses: Solar cells, touchscreens, liquid crystal displays, desalination technology, aerospace materials, more efficient transistors, chemical sensors that can detect explosives
A super water-proof material makes drops bounce.
What it is:A surface textured with extremely tiny cones repels water droplets. The super-hydrophobic surface, created by a team at Brookhaven Laboratory in New York, is unlike other water-resistant materials because it can stand up to conditions of extreme temperature, pressure, and humidity.
How it's transformative: These surfaces not only don't get wet, but would stay cleaner since the water droplets carry dirt with them as they roll off (this mimics the self-cleaning properties of nature). The material would be useful for preventing ice or algae build-up or even as an antibacterial coating.
Suggested uses: Coating boat hulls, car parts, and medical devices, car and plane windshields, steam turbine power generators
Aerographite is 75 times lighter than styrofoam.
What it is:Aerographite, created by researchers at the Hamburg University of Technology in 2012, is made from networks of hollow carbon tubes. It's black in color (because it absorbs light rays almost completely), stable at room temperature, and is able to conduct electricity. The material is really strong, but also bendable.
How it's transformative: The material can be compressed into a space 95% its normal area and then pulled back to its original form without being damaged. The stress makes the material even stronger. This is unique since most lightweight materials can be compressed, but can't withstand tension. The material can also withstand a lot of vibration, which means it can be used for airplanes and satellites.
Suggested uses: Lighter batteries for electric cars and bikes, more efficient water and air purification systems, aviation, and satellites.
An ultra-thin material provides protection against high-speed objects.
What it is: A super-thin material created by researchers at Rice University and MIT can stop a fast-moving projectile, such as a bullet, in its path. The material, made from alternating rubber and glassy layers that are each just 20 nanometers thick, is good at dispersing energy. After being pelted with tiny glass beads, the complex polyurethane material not only stopped the bullets, it also sealed them inside, making it appear as if no damage had been done.
How it's transformative: When struck, the material melts into liquid to absorb the energy and then quickly hardens to close the entryway. “There’s no macroscopic damage," project researcher Ned Thomas explained in a statement. "You can still see through it. This would be a great ballistic windshield material."
Suggested uses: Protection for satellites against meteors and other space debris, stronger jet turbine-blades, and stronger, lighter armor for soldiers and police
Live bacteria is used to make self-healing concrete.
What it is: Concrete is a popular building material, but it's vulnerable to cracks. Water and chloride from icing salt can seep into pre-existing fissures and make them larger. Overtime, this can become a dangerous (and expensive) problem. Self-healing concrete, developed by scientists at Delft University in the Netherlands, uses live bacteria — mixed into the concrete before it is poured — to seal up those fractures.
How it's transformative: When water gets into the cracks, the bacteria is activated and produces a component in limestone called calcite that fills up the crack completely. Researchers are still conducting outdoor tests to see if the concrete can be put to real use.
Suggested uses: Sidewalks, building foundations, other architectural structures
A bone-like material that's lighter than water, but stronger than some types of steel.
Jens Bauer at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology recently developed a honeycomb- structured material that is less dense than water, but as strong as some forms of steel.
"The novel lightweight construction materials resemble the framework structure of a half-timbered house with horizontal, vertical, and diagonal struts," lead researcher Jens Bauer, said in a statement.
The researchers samples "contained 45 percent to more than 90 percent air, making them extremely lightweight while also withstanding more than 46,000 pounds per square inch of pressure," according to Txchnologist.
How it's transformative: Even though objects made from this material can only be manufactured in the micrometer-range right now, this is the first time scientists were able to produce a material that exceeds "the strength-to-weight ratio of all engineering materials, with a density below 1,000 kg/m3," the authors wrote in a paper.
Suggested uses: Insulation, shock absorbers, filters in the chemical industry | <urn:uuid:1ff185d5-c46d-4aa4-a703-30dff10161b1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.businessinsider.com/futuristic-construction-materials-2014-4 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284411.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00454-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943433 | 1,179 | 3.796875 | 4 |
Americans had a very hard time breaking ties with England and becoming their own nation. Thomas Paine played a very important role in the liberty of American history. His pamphlet “Common Sense” laid down the foundation for the complete freedom of America, granted in 1776. He argued for two main points: independence from England and the creation of a democratic republic. Paine had many effective and influential arguments in his pamphlet Common Sense, but the three most important were that the colonies should have freedom, balance, and equality.
Do you think Thomas Paine was the one who thought out the common sense. Well he actually didn 't others like John Adams, Thomas Jefferson and Ben franklin also came up with some ideas. The common sense persuaded many to fight for independence. More than 120,000 copies were made even thought it was hard to print because of the treason going on.. Its was a bestseller.
Common Sense is a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine in January of 1776, about six months before the signing of the Declaration of Independence. During this time, independence was omnipresent in the minds of revolutionary Americans, such as Patrick Henry, John Adams, and Samuel Adams. Two years before the publication of Common Sense, the First Continental Congress assembled in Philadelphia in response to the Intolerable Acts passed by British Parliament, to punish the colonies for the Boston Tea Party. The First Continental Congress drafted the Declaration of Rights and Grievances, which called for a restoration of American rights, and listed complaints the colonies’ complaints against George III. Also during this convention, the First Continental
Thomas Paine’s Common Sense is a pamphlet that was published January 10, 1776. The words in this pamphlet were to be used by means of supporting the independence of individuals in the thirteen colonies from Great Britain. Thomas Paine’s goal was for the general population to have the capacity to choose. Paine wanted them to elect every aspect of their government. He did not believe they should only have a say in certain parts of it.
In the eighteenth century there was a mix of opposition of independence, and a hope that the new nation would become a home of freedom. Thomas Paine’s argument was that America needs to gain independence from England. Some of the reasons Paine wrote Common Sense is because of unnecessary wars, monarchial government, and the way Britain treated America. Regardless of Paine’s popularity with Common Sense, Jonathan Boucher was a minister who explained his opposition of the revolutionary movement in his sermons. He believed if God wanted America to be independent it would have happened, and it is our duty as citizens to obey the laws because we will be disobedient to God.
Common Sense Prompt: The leadings up to the pamphlet and Paine’s story behind it. The pamphlet by Thomas Paine gave the colonist a new look that they felt but not thought. With the childhood of Paine, the help of Benjamin Franklin and the things he talks about in Common Sense he doesn’t seem to care that he is changing the colony completely.
There was many notable happenings that occurred during the year 1776, the most memorable one, and still one of the most celebrated holidays in America to this day, happened on July 4th. Every American should know that the Continental Congress approved the Declaration of Independence on July 4th, 1776. This was a very significant moment in time for America, but it wouldn’t have been able to happen without all of the other smaller events that helped America get there. Just 10 days after the new year, a book by the name of, “Common Sense” was published. The book was originally signed, “Written by an Englishman” but later on it was learned that the writer was Thomas Paine.
Thomas Paine, exuberant Englishman and defiant American, composed Common Sense the main distributed bit of work that straightforwardly talks about the American Colonies as autonomous countries and urges them to defy England. Thomas Paine examines the foolishness of such a flawed government as England to manage over a promising new world like America all through his leaflet. His motivation was to ask the settlements towards the revolutionary side and straightforwardly proclaim England's shortcomings. Thomas Paine composed this piece for any un-influenced homesteader who didn't know which side to pick, when it came down to civil
The Age of Reason v.s today. How are the events and values today connect to events and values of the Age of Reason. The age of reason is when people finally can tell a difference between right and wrong or in other word the Age of Reason was based on facts and science .Thomas Paine thought that the Government should not be involved with religion. The Government should be about the people,not about their religious beliefs.
Thomas Paine is one of the great thinkers of all times, his notion of Human rights is Relevant even today. He advocates the Rational Outlook to life in his The Age Of Reason “I believe in the quality of man, and I believe that religious duties consist in doing justice, loving mercy, and endeavouring to make our Fellow-creatures happy. I believe many other things in addition to these. I do not believe in the creed professed by the Jewish Church, by the Roman Church, by the Greek Church, by the Turkish Church, by the Protestant Church, not by Church that I know of; my own mind is my own church. | <urn:uuid:3c1579c6-05ad-4655-8ad5-5099d44b3ffc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ipl.org/essay/Excerpts-Of-Thomas-Paines-Common-Sense-PJ5JLP3R8AB | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00078.warc.gz | en | 0.979069 | 1,121 | 3.75 | 4 |
When individual therapy isn't enough, or when a
transition from hospital care is necessary, the intensive services offered at
Crossroads can help. The Crossroads Program provides intensive
outpatient and partial hospital services based on the theory and practice
of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT).
DBT is evidence-based treatment that was first designed
for adults diagnosed with borderline personality disorder engaging in
self-injurious behaviors. Given it's usefulness, DBT has been adapted
to address issues related to trauma, depression, substance abuse, bulemia nervosa, and relationship conflict. As with other therapeutic
interventions, the overall goal of DBT is to increase stability and
wellness. Unlike other interventions however, DBT specifically teaches
cognitive and behavioral coping strategies necessary to establish stability
and wellness in the face of high levels of emotional distress.
This program is the highest level of care that we provide. The PHP
consists of 4 1/2 hours of treatment per day, 5 days per week. The
PHP meets Monday-Friday from .
Each treatment day consists of supportive counseling, coping skills training,
and expressive therapy. In addition, participants in the PHP receive
weekly psychiatry services, individual therapy, case management, family therapy, and 7 day 24
hour crisis intervention services. The average length of stay
in the PHP is 7-10 days. The IOP acts as a step down from this level of
This program consists of 2 1/2 to 3 hours of treatment per day, 3 to 5 days
per week. The IOP meets Monday-Friday from to . This
program consists of a combination of supportive counseling, coping skills
training, and expressive therapy. In addition, participants receive
psychiatry services, 7 day crisis support services up to , and case management. This level of care is
appropriate for people stepping down from PHP, or those who are receiving
traditional forms of outpatient therapy with little therapeutic relief.
The average length of stay in IOP is 17 days spread over 4 to 6 weeks.
Individual therapy and a weekly coping skills group often acts as a
step down from this level of care.
A weekly coping skills group is available on
or on Tuesdays from 5:30-6:30 p.m. The groups are designed to supplement
individual therapy and teach skills in 4 areas; Mindfulness Skills
Interpersonal effectiveness Skills, Emotion Regulation Skills, and Distress
Tolerance Skills.We also have a
coping skills group for teenagers every Tuesday from | <urn:uuid:1f097fec-463e-4bbb-b576-af758e1602b6> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://crossroadsvt.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719465.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00097-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.926961 | 527 | 1.953125 | 2 |
Grades: 2-12 | 28 students
Our mission at Atkinson Youth Services School is to provide a safe supportive environment where students are empowered to become lifelong learners and responsible citizens.
Atkinson Youth Services School is a non-public school that provides specialized instruction to students with an Emotional Disturbance Disability and/or Specific Learning Disability.
The program also serves Mental Retardation, Autism, Other Health Impaired, and Speech and Language designations.
The program is designed to stimulate children to want to learn, to problem solve with others, and develop independent skills.
It is the goal that each student achieves his or her maximum potential educationally, emotionally, and socially.
|School Type||Special Education School|
|Grades Offered||Grades 2-12|
|Learning Difference Programs||Yes|
|Learning Programs Supported||Emotionally Disturbed, Specific Learning Disabled, Mental Retardation, Autism, Other Health Impaired, and Speech and Language designations|
|Total Students||28 students|
|Student Body Type||Co-ed|
|% Students of Color||
State avg.: 44%
|Students by Grade|
Academics and Faculty
|Total Classroom Teachers||4 teachers|
|Student : Teacher Ratio||7:1
National avg.: 13:1
|% Faculty w/Advanced Degree||
|Average Class Size||12 students|
|List of Courses Offered||Link to List of Courses|
|Classroom Dress Code||Casual|
Finances and Admission
National avg.: 85%
|Admissions Director||Johann Rubia-Miller, Principal|
|Admissions Associate||Lindsay Martinson, V.Principal|
|Total Sports Offered||6 sports|
|Sports||Badminton, Basketball, Football, Swimming, Tennis, VolleyballBadminton, Basketball,
- K through 12 grade levels with a population of 48 students
- Four open classes with a 4:1 ratio, credentialed teacher in each class
- State required curriculum in all subject matter
- Adopted SRA, Reading Master, and Corrective Reading as our supplemental reading program
- Psychiatrist consulting, assessing, and evaluations of medications
- Consulting psychologist in behavior support
- Psychologist providing educational testing and assessment
- Speech and language services by a certified pathologist
- Work experience earning credits and ROP participation with the San Juan District
- Transition and Vocational planning and related coursework
- Community based instruction
- Independent instruction in GED course work
- Social skill curriculum, enhanced clubs, and after school programs
- Breakfast and lunch provided free for all students
- Door to door transportation
- Extended school year
- State of the art computer lab
- Tutoring services
- Summer Elective Program including classes such as: swimming, gardening, dance, piano, driver's education, career education, music appreciation and more
- Mentoring program
- Extra-curricular activities
January 11, 2017
Letters of interest and cover letters are frequently used interchangeably even though they have different purposes.
January 03, 2017
When you visit schools, please don't make the following common mistakes. A little thought and preparation will help you make the best impression possible.
December 21, 2016
Bullying has gone electronic. It's called cyberbullying and it is rampant. | <urn:uuid:0ffe3b4d-0613-428e-90f2-8f1061f737ed> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.privateschoolreview.com/atkinson-youth-services-school-profile | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00272-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.895905 | 708 | 1.953125 | 2 |
This event has passed
A Closer Look at New and Not so New CEC’s: PFAS, Microplastics and Solvents
Wednesday, October 28, 2020 @ 11:00 AM - 12:30 PM
This webinar is part of a research series sponsored by AWWA Water Science and the Joint Section Research Committee.
The term “pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs)” has been used as a synonym for contaminants of emerging concerns (CECs) in the water industry. The environmental and public health communities have focused more attention on newer “emerging” classes of contaminants, including per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and microplastics. This webinar series features presentations by leading researchers on three CECs in water—including solvents (trichloroethylene and 1,4-dioxane), microplastics, and PFAS. Learn More. | <urn:uuid:060c9922-8478-43c3-9315-aec52f8f2ff0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.awwa.org/Events-Education/Events-Calendar/ctl/ViewEvent/mid/6794/OccuranceId/300 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00674.warc.gz | en | 0.93902 | 202 | 1.882813 | 2 |
Date: August 1944
Creator: Hall, Gene, 1913-
Description: The purpose of this study is to set forth certain principals or rules, Which, if adhered to, will be a beginning in the training of the young musician who would make the playing of dance music his profession. Be it understood that this is only an embryonic work and as such it should not be considered a final and irrevocable treatise on this topic. Actual work and development in this field will probably see many of the practices recommended herein relegated to a less important stage while items not mentioned, or perhaps mentioned and treated without undue stress, may come to the foreground of importance. It is hoped that this work will help in paving the way for a sincere and unprejudiced program of training for the young dance musician. However, before venturing into any discussion concerning dance music, it is necessary to have a clear understanding as to what fields of music are included in the term dance music.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries | <urn:uuid:b216e0d7-b292-4cdc-8d52-a8152aa5576d> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://digital.library.unt.edu/explore/partners/UNT/browse/?sort=date_d&fq=str_year%3A1944&fq=untl_decade%3A1940-1949 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720000.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00025-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959376 | 204 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Across many industries, from automotive and transport applications to aerospace and marine, design optimisation is recognised as a key step in the development process. Optimisation-led design delivers a significant competitive and cost-saving advantage. Leading engineering companies are putting it into practice to maximise the potential of their structural simulation tools and deliver better designs faster.
What are your challenges?
– Are you looking for a single composite development environment to design, simulate, optimise and communicate to manufacturing?
– Do you want to maximise the efficiency of your composite materials?
– Do your design iteration times often extend beyond your project plan?
– Do you struggle to meet multiple design requirements?
In this Laminate Optimisation webinar, you’ll discover how you can keep your project within your timeline, meet competing requirements and efficiently uncover the best laminate design for your purpose. Plus, gain insights from real client successes, such as:
– How INEOS Team UK reduced time needed for part thickness refinement of specific components from one day to less than one hour
Find out how you can:
– Simulate laminates and evaluate manufacturing feasibility
– Reduce material usage, cost and mass while maximising the benefit of composites through efficient fiber placement.
– Uncover the most efficient composite ply-shapes and laminates to meet multiple requirements.
– Avoid costly and unpredictable design iteration loops that cause project delays.
– Rapidly evaluate and compare the feasibility of multiple design concepts.
Laminate development, simulation & optimisation can be easily deployed in Simcenter 3D. From using Simcenter Laminate Composites to define and evaluate the initial manufacturing feasibly of designs, to ply shape and laminate optimisation using OptiAssist, the Simcenter ecosystem delivers a comprehensive and fully integrated environment for developing your Marine composite designs. | <urn:uuid:8f2b086b-3bbf-4ad2-b2fd-5727cdb51e67> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://oneplm.com/events/marine-composites-design-simulation-optimisation-simcenter-webinar/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00669.warc.gz | en | 0.873908 | 379 | 1.976563 | 2 |
ERIC Number: ED299426
Record Type: RIE
Publication Date: 1988
Reference Count: N/A
Database Systems. Course Three. Information Systems Curriculum.
O'Neil, Sharon Lund; Everett, Donna R.
This course is the third of seven in the Information Systems curriculum. The purpose of the course is to familiarize students with database management concepts and standard database management software. Databases and their roles, advantages, and limitations are explained. An overview of the course sets forth the condition and performance standard for each of the five task areas in the course. These components are provided for each task area: behavioral objective, suggested teaching strategies, content, and summary. Topics covered include database management terms, concepts, vocabulary, and principles; hands-on operational knowledge of database management software; factors to consider in comparison and evaluation, selection, modification, and utilization of database management software; gathering information to design, create, set up, utilize, and integrate a database in an automated environment; and implementation of a database management system and written documentation. A glossary of database management management terminology follows task area 1. Appendixes include visuals (transparencies and other teacher materials), student materials (student handouts, work sheets, and exercise materials), evaluation (end-of-task and end-of-unit questions, test items, etc.), and references (including an eight-page bibliography, articles, and resources). (YLB)
Descriptors: Automation, Behavioral Objectives, Business Education, Computer Oriented Programs, Computer Science Education, Computer Software, Curriculum Guides, Database Management Systems, Higher Education, Information Processing, Information Science, Information Systems, Learning Activities, Word Processing
Publication Type: Guides - Classroom - Teacher
Education Level: N/A
Audience: Teachers; Practitioners
Sponsor: Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board, Austin.
Authoring Institution: Houston Univ., TX. Coll. of Technology.; Association of Information Systems Professionals, Deerfield, IL.
Note: For related documents, see CE 051 053-059. | <urn:uuid:4ac07761-7ceb-4321-8ba9-a6edbda23f57> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED299426 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00137-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.806518 | 435 | 2.703125 | 3 |
When things go wrong
When things go wrong
It is possible that at some point you might feel yourself in physical danger or things are at a crisis point with the driver of your car. Be warned prevention is key and spotting trouble before it starts is the best way to ensure a safe and enjoyable experience. These are our tips on how to avoid reaching the point of no return and what to do if you get there.
1. With drivers try to make conversation. Try and learn the basic questions: what’s your name? Where are you from? Where are you going? Try and learn the name of your nationality, and that of the countries you have visited or are planning to visit. Also try and learn thank you very much. Visit our Country Guides for useful phrases for each country.
2. Always smile, if they are looking to make conversation, be open and approachable. If you don’t understand what they are saying smile and indicate that you don’t understand with a smile and shrug point to your ear and shake your head. It’s a shame but it’s not the end of the world.
3. Some hitch-hikers like to travel with a small gift that they can give to people who help them. We have met people who have postcards, on which they could write greetings in their language. Which we thought was a nice idea. Other small items that represent your own country are always a nice touch. If you can do origami, that would be lovely. The problem with gifts is that you only have a limited amount of space for personal things when travelling so any gifts that are to large would be impossible to carry. We would love to hear any ideas for travelling gifts, so feel free to drop us a line.
4. Try and learn the word for beautiful so you can both appreciate the stunning scenery as two people with a common understanding. If you stop for food, you can offer to pay for it, it is unlikely to cost a great amount. In our experience our drivers insist on paying, pushing our money away as if we were insulting him and the idea was preposterous.
5. If you are travelling as a man and woman its probably best to say you are a couple. Ladies to say that you are in a relationship, regard of your actually situation. It helps to set the boundaries immediately. If any men do get overly touchy. Draw attention to yourself. Beep the horn! If you think you are getting driven in the wrong direction, complain, if you don’t feel comfortable, get out of the car, at the earliest opportunity. If possible keep your luggage within touching distance.
6. Always carry the majority of your money and any bank or credit cards in a money belt strapped to your body under your clothes and a small amount of money in your wallet. Keep your passport in a separate bag in your luggage or in the money belt. Also try to keep a small amount of money kept separately apart for emergencies. If somebody is violent give them the money in the wallet. Deny all knowledge of having any more. If they discover the money belt. Give them the money belt. .
7. If you feel it is worth reporting the crime, then report it. If you feel it is insignificant enough that the authorities will pay no attention, then write it off as a bad cause. Again do some research about the state of the justice system of the country you are in. It might not be worth the effort in some parts of the world. The police are the police and you are a tourist who doesn’t speak the language.
But please, don’t let any of the above advice put you off. The chances of having problems whilst you are hitch-hiking are extremely slim. Most people you meet will be lovely, nice people who won’t wish you any harm at all. | <urn:uuid:33c66e48-9d26-40ba-bef2-43177b241653> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://hitchhikershandbook.com/travel-tips/hitch-hiking-tips/whenthingsgowrong/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00481-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960985 | 800 | 1.6875 | 2 |
Well, maybe. But there's no doubt that natural fishing baits must be fresh to be effective - and the best way of ensuring their freshness is to collect them yourself.
Marine worms' and some shellfishes' preference for making sand and mud their habitat - normally a long way from where I've parked the car - can make their extraction rather more work than I like to be involved in. But needs must.
The best implement for their extraction is a garden fork, ideally one
with straight flat tines. Some professional bait diggers - yes, people
make a living out of digging fishing baits - grind down the backs of the
tines to a tapered point, which helps them penetrate sand or mud with
Often the best places to dig for these saltwater fishing baits are those that are only exposed at low water - a twice daily occurrence on most UK shorelines.
A set of tide tables will tell you the times at which low and high water occur at various locations around the coast, together with their heights relative to a given datum.
Tide Tables will also give you the dates and times of Spring Tides, which is when the tideline recedes to its furthest point - a prime opportunity for collecting saltwater fishing baits such as lugworm and ragworm.
But there is an easier way ...
Up until fairly recently any mention of fishing baits referred to natural fishing baits. Today's technology has brought us artificial bait. It can be at least as effective as natural bait and in some instances beats it hands down, as my very first try with artificial bait demonstrated.
But, back to natural fishing baits...
These marine worms dig down into the sand by sucking it in at one end and excreting it at the other, having extracted all the good bits during the passage through. The result of this process is a worm cast left on the surface. If you see a number of these grouped together, you know it's a good place to start digging.
But if all else fails you can buy these fishing baits from your local
tackle shop, either by weight or number. Traditionally they'll be
handed over in folded newspaper, and if you don't want to use them all
at once they'll keep for a day or two in the refrigerator. The women in
our lives often have something to say about this though ...
Take care when threading them on the hook, as you don't want to over-squeeze them and lose all that lovely fish-attracting juice. Start the baiting-up process by inserting the point of a fine-wire hook in at the thick end and threading the worm around the bend of the hook and just over the eye so that the knot (a uni-knot is best) is contained within the worm.
Then thread on another inch (25mm) or so of worm and bring the hook point out. The barb will stop it falling off.
For better bait security and improved hook-ups, think about using the two-hook pennel rig for long baits like these.
Ragworm tend to hang out in stonier ground than ragworm, where the bait pimp is not at its best, so it's back to the fork for ragworm. There are three kinds resident in the UK - King Ragworm, the prized White Ragworm and Harbour Ragworm.
All three models come armed with set of pincers at the head. They keep them hidden until a nipping opportunity arises, and when it does it's a mildly unpleasant surprise - more so from the King Ragworm.
In all other regards, treat them as you would a lugworm.
There's probably not a fish in the sea that won't wrap his gums happily around a ragworm, and this along with hard work associated with collecting them means these fishing baits are not cheap to buy.
And while you're forking about for lug and rag, you may well come across cockles and razorfish - two shellfish of the bivalve variety. Cockles live a few inches down in the sand and are easily gathered, but sadly they're not much of a fishing bait. Razorfish on the other hand, are.
Collecting razorfish requires stealth, or if that fails, subterfuge. If you see the end of a razorfish shell sticking up out of the sand, creep up on it and grab it. Apply steady pressure and it will gradually release its grip. If you've been outwitted by the sparkling intellect of the razorfish, all is not necessarily lost. Just pour some saltwater down its burrow, and stand very still.
If you're lucky the razorfish will think the tide's come in and pop up for a look-see, whereupon you grab it. If this fails, pick up that fork and start digging furiously.
Mussel, another bivalve mollusc, is a good fishing bait and can be collected from groyne posts and rocks. They're a delicate bait and have a tendency to come off the hook easily, which is where the much tougher cockle comes in. Put the mussel on the hook first, followed by the cockle - the famed mussel-cockle cocktail - which will hold the mussel in place without masking the hook.
Other shellfish worth a try on the hook include clams and slipper limpets, but they wouldn't be my first choice if mussel or razorfish were available.
OK I'll admit it. There are few things in life that give me greater pleasure than scratching around in rock pools and along the shoreline with a shrimp net. Those that do I'm keeping to myself.
And it'll not be just shrimps that turn up in the net. There'll be blennies, butterfish and other small fish, juvenile and highly indignant shore crabs, maybe a sandeel or two - a whole treasure trove of fishing baits.
And then there's crabs...
Not just any old crab, but one which is about to shed its shell to enable a new larger one to grow underneath. At this stage of their development they're known as peelers (or sometimes soft-backs) and are completely soft internally. Fish love them, and will queue up for a chance to pounce upon your peeler crab baited hook.
At the peeler stage they're at their most vulnerable and hide away defenseless amongst rocks and seaweed. If you poke around in such places at low tide you'll find them. Be wary of imposters just pretending to be peelers - these will have claws in full working order, and won't be slow in using them.
Peeler crabs make fine bass fishing baits, but probably the bass bait par excellence is...
These, together with their slightly larger brothers 'launce', aren't eels at all - they're small, elongated fish that hide from their predators by wriggling into the sand.
Fished live and freelined on light tackle from a drifting boat they're second to none when it comes to catching bass, but getting a supply of live ones isn't easy. Fortunately they freeze well, and are available in this form from most saltwater fishing tackle shops.
Mackerel are easy to catch as described elsewhere in this website, and are one of the most popular summer fishing baits of UK based boat anglers. But they must be fresh, as in 'just caught'. Unlike sandeel they don't freeze well and quickly degenerate into a soggy mush and lose all of their appeal when thawed out.
Small ones - joeys - can be fished live for bass. Whole fillets or fish strips are great for larger fish including conger, ling and turbot - and small silvery slivers will catch bream along with pretty much anything else that swims around our shores. And full size ones fished whole are the way to go for shark.
The best place to collect these is from the frozen food counter of your local supermarket. They come in boxes of around 20 or so and average around 6" long including tentacles. As always, freshness is vital. Stale squid is betrayed by a pink-tinged flesh - it should be white - and a smell that's hard to ignore. And if you leave squid lying around in the sun for long they'll quickly go off, so keep them in a cool box if at all possible.
Before baiting up it's worth peeling off the skin from the mantle to reveal the more visible white flesh beneath. To do this, just pull of the two small fins near the top of the mantle and much of the skin will follow.
Squid can be used whole for larger fish like conger, cod and ling. Most anglers prefer to mount a whole squid using a two-hook Pennel Rig. Alternatively, strips can be cut from the mantle and mounted on a single hook.
You are here:~ Saltwater Fishing (Home Page) > Fishing Baits
Dec 01, 15 07:03 AM
Of all trolling lures, saltwater fishing spoons are the most robust and will resist all attempts by toothy predators to destroy them. So its well worthing having a few proven ones aboard
Nov 29, 15 05:27 AM
These saltwater fishing techniques catch fish. Trolling, jigging, drift fishing, bottom fishing, surf casting. They are all explained here, in detail
Nov 29, 15 04:05 AM
Saltwater fishing plugs are eminently collectable, but be warned! Some are designed to catch the fisherman's attention first and the fish's a distant second, so choose with care | <urn:uuid:f1396f21-cb66-40c8-be48-2bcc7a74660b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.go-saltwater-fishing.com/fishing-baits.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00228-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955208 | 2,015 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Young Changemaker Avery Schwartz is helping people battling isolation or other mental health issues feel less alone with his “Hug Buddy” postcard program
By Gabriella Burman
Featured photo by Darrel Ellis
Avery Schwartz and his “Nana” may not be connected by blood, but he loves her like family. So when the 10-year old Commerce resident learned that Margaret Gavin, his caregiver since birth, was retiring in early 2020, he cut out a square of paper, attached two rectangular arms, and drew a face. “If you miss me,” Avery told her, “you can look at this card. Here’s a hug.” “I just melted,” says Gavin, 75, and now a resident of Traverse City. “And since it was Covid, and so many isolated people were in need of a hug, I suggested he make more.”
Avery’s parents, Glen and Dr. Melanie Schwartz, founders of Viewpoint Psychology & Wellness in Commerce and West Bloomfield, knew their son, a rising fifth grader at Hillel Day School of Metropolitan Detroit, was onto something. “Avery has always been the kid who wants to help others who may be feeling sad, anxious, or shy,” Melanie Schwartz says. “He takes them under his wing. He has always had a lot of empathy for others.”
The couple, along with Viewpoint psychologist Nikki O’Donnell, had just launched Viewspire, an empowerment and advocacy brand that aims to take the stigma out of mental health, and were looking for a symbol to represent the brand in a whimsical way. The “Hug Buddy,” as Avery had named his gift to his Nana, was “the perfect mascot,” Glen Schwartz says. “It encapsulated the brand. Connection is a pillar of mental health, and the Hug Buddy embodies a deep sense of connection.”The Hug Buddy has since become the centerpiece of Viewspire’s postcard program.
For every purchase of Viewspire merchandise, such as the popular “Don’t Believe Everything You Think” T-shirt, or the “Self Care is So Gangster” hoodie sweatshirt, the buyer receives a postcard bearing the Hug Buddy image and allocates 10 postcards for Viewspire to donate to an organization. So far, Viewspire has donated 16,000 cards in 12 states to hospitals, schools, Girl Scout troops, and more.
“It feels really good that the movement is continuing through the country and may be impacting thousands of people,” Avery says.The response from people who’ve received the cards has been overwhelmingly positive, Glen says. Someone who lost a loved one to suicide told him the card may help individuals with suicidal feelings. Almost across the board, Glen says, “those who have received cards have been thankful and appreciative regardless of circumstance.”
To normalize talking about mental health, Viewspire plans to break a Guinness World record on October 9, when it lines 26,000 postcards along a property in Commerce as part of Viewfest, a psychologist-curated community event that includes activities for children, teens, and young adults, plus live music, food trucks, and vendors. (Currently, the longest line of postcards is approximately 20,000 cards that were lined up in Mumbai in 2019.)
Avery, his brother Ari, and Nikki’s son Zane will color many of the cards in advance, and all cards will be donated to the military, Oakland County schools, and area hospitals — many of them delivered by Avery himself. While on the one hand Avery says he is “surprised that so many people are interested in spreading the message, because when we started I did not expect it to be so large,” now he hopes “we can help thousands and then one day millions” of people.
Reducing the stigma around mental health is urgent. The CDC (Centers for Disease Control) found that between April and October of 2020, there was a 24 percent increase in mental health emergency department visits for kids ages 5 to 11 versus the same period in 2019, according to the New York Times. Glen Schwartz says there’s been “a significant increase” in the number of adolescents seen at Viewpoint in the past year.
O’Donnell, who specializes in treating teens, says the youth-oriented words and symbols that adorn Viewspire merchandise help young people internalize “that it’s OK to not feel OK.” Avery says it makes him feel good to know his creation has helped thou-sands of people already, with the potential to help thousands more. “It makes me happy to share mental health messages with others because I know it helps them.”As the company grows, so do Avery’s plans, including producing mental-health-themed videos on YouTube. “I want to see how the Hug Buddy can affect the future,” he says. “I am excited about it.”
ViewFest is on Saturday, October 9, 2021. For more information, head to their website: www.shopviewspire.com/viewfest2021/ | <urn:uuid:57606758-edcf-4d67-bc6e-0dc5e99917f9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://seenthemagazine.com/2021-young-changemaker-avery-schwartz/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00071.warc.gz | en | 0.975758 | 1,112 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Scientists at the University of Illinois have created a minuscule swimming machine, just under eight-one-hundredth of an inch (1.95 mm), that’s powered by beating heart muscle cells. Details of their invention, which might someday have medical applications for precision-targeting medication and micro-surgery inside the body, was published in the January 17, 2014 issue of the journal Nature Communications.
Professor Taher Saif, of the University of Illinois, leads the team that created what they call a tiny bio-hybrid machine or bio-bot. He said, in a press release:
Micro-organisms have a whole world that we only glimpse through the microscope. This is the first time that an engineered system has reached this underworld.
The bio-bot has a flagella-shaped body, that is, a cell with a long tail, like a sperm cell. The machine body is made from a flexible polymer that’s coated with a substance called fibronectin, which provides an attachment surface for cardiac cells cultured on the bot’s head and tail. In a yet-to-be understood phenomenon, the heart cells communicate, align with each other, and synchronize their contraction-relaxation beat to move the machine’s tail. This motion creates waves in the fluid that propels the bot forward.
The scientists also created a faster-swimming bio-bot model with two tails. They think that a bio-bot with several tails could even be used to steer towards specific locations. This could give rise to tiny machine deployed to work on a microscopic scale. Saif commented:
The long-term vision is simple. Could we make elementary structures and seed them with stem cells that would differentiate into smart structures to deliver drugs, perform minimally invasive surgery or target cancer?
Bottom-line: University of Illinois scientists have created a microscopic swimming bio-bot that’s powered by beating cardiac muscle cells. The tiny machine, measuring just under eight-one-hundredth of an inch (1.95 mm), may someday be adapted for medical applications inside the body. The journal Nature Communications published details of this research on January 17, 2014. | <urn:uuid:3d09e27e-c3ec-47cb-a0f1-7a677c0845e4> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://earthsky.org/earth/tiny-machines-that-swim-using-heart-muscle-cells | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721387.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00448-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949308 | 453 | 3.671875 | 4 |
Our Plat Books are spiral bound, county map books accurately showing landownership, acreage, parcel boundaries, roadways, waterways, railways, section lines, and municipal boundaries.
Historical map features such as cemeteries, schools, and churches may vary depending on the county, acreage of individual parcels, or date of publication. Some books include aerial maps, city and village maps, small tract information, rural addressing grid and other regional features such as park or trail maps, school district maps, soil maps and notable points of interest.
Color: Availability varies by county and edition
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PLEASE NOTE: Historical printed and digital map products from Rockford Map Publishers are reproduced from our original library of maps. Many of the original maps were hand drawn and will show imperfections, light and dark areas, smudges and other discolorations. Though we strive to maintain the original print condition of all our maps, deterioration caused by aging does occur. Rockford Map Publishers can restore any of its historic map data to a higher resolution according to your specific request. Please contact us to discuss your needs in more detail.
Need help finding the right product?
Download the Digital Product Comparison, chat with us live, or calll us at (800) 321-1627 for help. | <urn:uuid:28f60e9c-706f-406f-ad02-cf76ad8f52ce> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.rockfordmap.com/product/plat-book | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720972.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00250-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.915579 | 296 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Steve Jobs Blocks iPhone Radiation Detection App
Many of us are aware of the risks associated with cell phone use but choose to be terminally attached to our devices anyway. One group developed an iPhone app that would measure the amount of radiation emitted from the device, a useful tool for anyone curious whether or not they'll have their brain chewed away by cancer 25 years from now.
Why would Steve Jobs personally block this app? After all, the gay cure app got approved by Apple, didn't it? And didn't it take a whole army of angry LBGT folk to get it pulled?
"After encouraging discussions with iPhone executives at Apple Cupertino headquarters, their generous compliments about our application functionality and graphic appeal weren't enough to sway the executive decision to reject tawkon from the app store," said CEO and Co-Founder of tawkon, Gil Friedlander.
Friedlander tried to appeal to Jobs in an email explaining why tawkon is a useful and constructive application, but Jobs' reply was brief, and to the point.
Because of this, tawkon today has released their iOS app for Cydia, an iPhone Jailbreak.
"We believe it is every phone user's fundamental right to know the level of radiation they're exposed to, and to take precautionary measures if they see fit. tawkon makes it easy for people to use their iPhone with lower exposure to cellphone radiation," Friedlander said Wednesday.
The following video explains the "death grip," and clearly shows how iPhone, BlackBerry and Android phones emit higher levels of radiation when searching for a signal. | <urn:uuid:242f822d-f9b6-457e-aef6-5c84a688eff5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.jrdeputyaccountant.com/2011/03/steve-jobs-blocks-iphone-radiation.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00248-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95763 | 326 | 1.875 | 2 |
Cornish Saffron Buns
Saffron with its bright yellow hues and subtle floral and bitter notes is a spice which seems singularly exotic. But it has long been associated with Cornwall. It is said that the Cornish traded with the Phoenicians way back, exchanging tin for saffron and it’s been used here ever since. This may or may not be true, but saffron was a highly popular ingredient in the Middle Ages and saffron crocuses were grown in Bude until the late 19th Century.
To me saffron is associated indelibly with saffron buns, a traditional Cornish bake and whenever the spice is mentioned, that’s what I think of. I grew up with them as a commonplace treat and every Cornish bakery worth its salt (or should I say saffron) will display a pile of tempting yellow buns. In true Cornish style, these are often eaten with clotted cream.
Shockingly, I have never baked saffron cake or buns before and with St Piran’s Day fast approaching, I thought it was about time I did. St Piran’s Day falls on 5 March and sadly I overshot somewhat, so apologies to St Piran who will be getting an unexpected mid lenten feast.
The recipe came courtesy of the Cotehele miller, Sally Newton whose flour I buy regularly. The wheat is grown locally and is stoneground at Cotehele Mill on the Cornish side of the River Tamar. True to form, I adapted the recipe. My saffron was not Cornish grown and was a little ancient, so I upped the quantities. I also substituted some of the dried fruit for chocolate – well why not?
This is how I made:
Cornish Saffron Buns
- Brought 300ml milk to a near boil and stirred in 1 tsp saffron strands. Left in a warm place to infuse for a few hours.
- Rubbed 150g unsalted butter into 500g flour (200g wholemeal and 300g strong white) until the mixture resembled breadcrumbs.
- Stirred in 50g light muscovado sugar, 3 tsp instant yeast and the tepid saffron milk.
- Kneaded for 10 minutes, then added 60g dried fruit (mix of homemade orange peel, sultanas and cranberries) and 40g mixed dark and milk chocolate chips.
- Shaped into 12 buns.
- Placed in a 9″ sq silicone baking mould, covered with a plastic bag and left to rise for three hours until doubled in size. I prefer a slow rise, so I didn’t put them in a particularly warm place, but a warmer place would produce a much faster rise).
- Baked at 200℃ for 17 minutes, when the tops were brown and the bottoms sounded hollow when tapped.
- Left to cool on a wire rack
The buns are absolutely scrumptious. I find many of the ones you can buy far too sweet. These were only lightly sweetened making them perfect for ladling on your favourite jam. Having said that, CT and I enjoyed them warm with a liberal helping of butter. Next time it will be clotted cream. Saffron has a distinctive flavour which is hard to describe, but is integral to the taste of these buns. In fact, chocolate and saffron seemed to play off each other very well – at least in this instance.
This post is an entry into the Foodies100/Schwartz Flavour of Together Challenge. In celebration of 125 years, Schwartz has launched Flavour of Together, a place for anyone to share their flavour stories. You can share yours on the site or on the Schwartz Facebook page. For every entry made, $1 will be donated to United Way and their partner organisations. In the UK this is Focus on Food, a charity dedicated to promoting home cooking as part of a healthy lifestyle.
Bloggers Around the World is celebrating all things British this month, so although Cornwall would love to be its very own country, it does at the moment contribute its saffron buns to British cuisine. This is a monthly event from Chris of Cooking Around the World.
Made from scratch as these are, I’m sending them off to Javelin Warrior’s Cookin w/Luv for his Made With Love Mondays. | <urn:uuid:68c6251c-0838-4010-9746-169c333a94d1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://tinandthyme.uk/2014/03/cornish-saffron-buns/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00311-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960237 | 929 | 2.3125 | 2 |
Separation anxiety is a hard thing to go through, both as a child and for the parents. And, it isn’t something that plagues a child for a few years in childhood and then magically disappears. It can affect a person for decades. At some point in childhood, it does go stealth, because children don’t want to be embarrassed or seem like a “baby” in front of their friends. However, it can still be there, lingering underneath the surface. Everyone assumes it has resolved itself and that “children are resilient.” Don’t be fooled. If left unresolved, it can come out in numerous other ways later. Fortunately, it can be avoided.
Here are three tips to avoid separation anxiety:
1 – Meeting Baby’s Needs: Answer the needs of your infant/baby immediately. Leaving a baby to cry in his crib when you want him to sleep, or wait for food on a certain schedule, relays the message that he is not important and that his needs may not be met. That is a scary place for a baby who is 100% reliant upon another person for survival. A baby needs to feel safe and loved. Your child will either believe in a loving and caring world, or a world in which everyone fends for themselves, there’s not enough to go around, and where love may or may not be present. As a parent, you have a lot of power over which belief your child takes on.
2 – Leaving Your Child at Daycare: If your child is having issues for any reason with being left at daycare, preschool, with a sitter, etc., leaving them anyway is not the best option. I know teachers and sitters may say, “She’ll be okay.” However, deep inside, all your child knows is that their #1 advocate (you) just walked out the door in their time of need. Instead, think “transition.” What does your child need for transition? As early as possible, begin having conversations with your children about being at daycare, with a sitter, or any other time away from mom and/or dad. Talk about when they are afraid, when they are not afraid, what they need, and how to bridge the gaps. You are not only helping them become more comfortable with being away (because you take the time to listen and care), but you are simultaneously planting seeds for a lifetime of open communication. It’s a dance. This isn’t all of it, but this will get you started. Having a teenager that comes to you for advice, insights or just a hearing ear starts with you opening the conversation as a baby, toddler, and young child. Taking the time to help them transition in the younger years will make a huge difference in your relationship over the course of many years to come.
3 – Sneaking out. When you drop off your children and they get “distracted,” how often do you rush off because you “lucked out” and won’t have a teary morning? Did you say “good-bye”? Even though it seems counter-intuitive, be sure you get their attention and say “good-bye” (or create your good-bye ritual before you walk in). Never “sneak” out. It may seem better and more convenient in the moment. However, internally, a child will make an unconscious mental and emotional note that you just left him. The mistrust that is created will linger. The more it happens, the less they trust you and the world around them. It may take longer in the beginning to say goodbye. However, remember that you are building something far more important in that moment. You are building trust. Trust is an essential element in parenting. You will need it in spades when they become teenagers. Start building it now.
Traci Carman is the Founder of “A Loving Way ~ How I Parent Makes a Difference”. She has been a mother for nearly 25 years and has three children. She is a Parenting Coach, Speaker and Author, and is certified in Coaching, Performance Consulting, Training of NLP and Neurological Repatterning, Reiki and Meditation. She is known for her practical and intuitive parenting style. (www.alovingway.com / 800-647-1171) | <urn:uuid:b1bcb1c0-74ea-4ab4-822f-e628e84c5be5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://ohsosavvymom.com/2013/03/guest-post-conscious-parenting-3-tips-for-avoiding-separation-anxiety/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00188-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967068 | 914 | 1.890625 | 2 |
Wendy Cook offers all the help you need for staging your own production of the Sing Up Musical.
A Nativity special with advice from the team behind The School Musicals Company’s hits
Putting together a school production is no mean feat. Howard Goodall's advice inspires us to break a leg
A current NYCGB member shares his journey so far
A current NYCGB member shares his singing journey so far
Learn how your choice of song and teaching techniques can make ALL the difference!
Practical tips on how to take care of your voice
Primary choirs are just great – every primary school should have one!
From international tours with world-renowned choir The Sixteen to the school hall on a Tuesday morning with KS2, Charlotte Mobbs tells the inside story of kick-starting a choir at her son’s school
NYCGB conductors offer help and advice
Take a look at the UK's singing roadmap
Want to sing pop? Joanna Forbes L’Estrange explains how… | <urn:uuid:e7334a8a-e1e0-47b2-9d0b-177feea1714c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.singup.org/blog/all-blog-stories/page/6/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.924041 | 212 | 1.945313 | 2 |
Greece has been facing economic troubles for a while now but there is increased worry it could come to a head this week with the country going bankrupt! Fears are that if the country does go bust there’ll be riots, hotel closures, banks running out of money and 110,000 stranded British tourists all needing repatriation.
A UK government spokesman’s commented to say; “We’re planning for a wide range of scenarios,” making it clear that the Greek financial crisis is a huge issue.
The Foreign Office’s official advice for travellers is currently “under review,” causing understandable worry among holiday makers.
Greece is at risk of defaulting on a 1.6 billion Euro loan payment to the International Monetary Fund. Between the IMF and the European Central Bank, Greece is asking for 7.2 billion Euro to be injected in the Greek economy.
There are also fears that Greece will be kicked out of the Eurozone.
Travel agents trade body ABTA is recommending travellers to Greece ensure they have suitable travel insurance to cover any inconveniences that may occur in regards to flights or hotels, in the wake of the country’s issues.
Tourists who have booked through an ABTA-bonded travel agent will have their holidays and flights protected, while their tour operator will guarantee them safe passage home should they find themselves stranded.
Independent travellers, however, may find themselves left out of pocket, if not out in the cold…
We reached out to MSC cruises for a comment: “As the situation in Greece remains very unclear currently we have no plans to alter any itinerary which calls into a Greek port. If this situation changes than we will advise passengers and all our partners.”
What do you think? Does this make you worry about future Greek holidays?
Let us know in the comments below…// END - About the Author ?> | <urn:uuid:743c4bd5-dda9-4210-a602-9600f53d99e6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cruise.co.uk/bulletin/british-holidaymakers-in-greece-need-rescue-from-riots/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.942453 | 397 | 1.554688 | 2 |
Part 3 of our series on Important Moments in Team Building. See introduction, and up-to-date list.
In the spring of 1913 the Federal League began operation as an independent (unaffiliated with Organized Baseball) minor league in several large Midwestern cities. Since the AL-NL peace agreement a decade earlier, Organized Baseball had generally left these typically small independent leagues alone as long as they didn’t try and infringe on any established contracts or agreements. If they did, even in the slightest, Organized Baseball, often led by American League President Ban Johnson, descended on them aggressively.
At first, the Federals had little desire to challenge the establishment, mostly signing top local semi-pro players and a few aging ex-Major Leaguers and minor league journeyman. As the 1913 season wore on, however, some of the Federal League owners began considering a major league challenge, as the AL had done successfully in 1901.
Acting quickly, in late summer the FL brought in Jim Gilmore, a glib, well-connected Chicago businessman, as league president and began looking for wealthy league owners. Gilmore had an early success when he induced Chicago restaurateur Charles Weeghman to take over the Chifeds. During the fall the league made a few marginal player signings, but nothing that would generate any real buzz. Weeghman changed this.
After the 1913 season the Cincinnati Reds sold player-manager Joe Tinker, the shortstop of the Cubs famous Tinker-to-Evers-to-Chance infield but no longer a star player, to Brooklyn for $25,000, a huge amount for the time. Under normal circumstances Tinker would have had no leverage. But with the FL threat afoot he demanded a $10,000 bonus and a three-year contract at $7,500 per year. Brooklyn agreed to the $10,000, but only a $5,000 annual salary at the time when top stars made roughly $9,000 – $12,000 and a mid-level regular around $3,000.
On December 27, 1913 Weeghman shocked the baseball establishment by signing Tinker to one of the largest contracts in baseball history, $36,000 for three years with $12,000 up front. The Federals had loudly signaled that they were ready to sign any player whose contract with Organized Baseball had expired. Over the next several months the Federals pursued many of baseball’s top stars and many from the high minors. They did not land many, but changed the market for all major league players.
A primary goal of any Organized Baseball team in 1914 was now simply to prevent the Federals from poaching its players. NL and AL owners resorted to underhanded tactics that would have been illegal under federal antitrust law, including blackballing players who jumped to the upstart league. More importantly, the new competition required Organized Baseball to nearly double its salary scale over the next couple years. In fact, only a handful of recognizable names jumped, several of whom were past their prime and became managers, such as pitcher Three Finger Brown and first baseman George Stovall. The Phillies lost the most players, including shortstop Mickey Doolin, second baseman Otto Knabe, and pitchers Ad Brennan and Tom Seaton.
During its first major league season in 1914, Federal League owners struggled to show a profit, with several clubs losing huge amounts of money. Once secret peace negotiations broke down in early November, the FL went back on the offensive, signing several significant players away from the major leagues, such as pitcher Pol Perritt, catcher Ivey Wingo, and first baseman Ed Konetchy. But they still longed for a true superstar, and set their sights on Washington’s Walter Johnson, baseball’s best pitcher. Although Johnson had rebuffed them during the previous summer, he had seemed willing to listen.
Weeghman sent his manager Tinker, the Federal’s best spokesman, to Coffeyville, Kansas, to woo Johnson to the Chifeds. Tinker’s timing just happened to be perfect. After Johnson returned to Coffeyville that October he had received a contract in the mail from Senators owner Ben Minor offering just $12,500. When Tinker showed up on December 3, it took the two only 20 minutes to agree to a three-year contract at $17,500 per year. The Federals had finally made their game-changing signing and appeared to have materially changed the dynamic between the leagues.
Organized Baseball counterattacked swiftly. Washington manager and minority owner Clark Griffith hustled out to Kansas to meet with Johnson. After a long grueling meeting in which he alternately called on Johnson’s loyalty and emphasized the negatives of the Federals, Griffith cajoled Johnson to disregard the contract he had signed with the Federals and re-sign with the Senators. Organized Baseball similarly managed to corral several other recent jumpers back into the fold.
Johnson’s defection back to Washington, along with many of the other players, devastated the FL’s owners. They felt like they had been fighting fair, generally going after players controlled only by the reserve clause, while Organized Baseball disdained the Federals, treating their contracts as if they did not exist. The Federals went to court to try to enforce the Johnson contract and several others, and to defend themselves from Organized Baseball’s own legal attacks, but these cases were costing the Federals tens of thousands of dollars.
The Federals decided to use the largest legal hammer they had, suing Organized Baseball for violating federal anti-trust laws. The FL’s attorneys wanted a sympathetic judge, and elected to file in Chicago in the court of Judge Kenesaw Mountain Landis, known as a trust buster. But despite Landis’s unspoken belief that Organized Baseball was acting in violation of antitrust laws, he refused to rule against them. In fact, he refused to rule at all. He simply sat on the case for all of 1915. At the end of the year, the Feds threw in the towel and reached the best settlement they could, receiving about $700,000 from the major league baseball owners and folding their league. Several owners, including Weeghman, were allowed to buy into major league teams. The NL and AL owners remembered Landis five years later when they named him baseball’s first commissioner.
After the Federal League folded, the power to completely control player movement returned to the clubs and salaries returned to their pre-FL levels. Had Walter Johnson and a few of his fellow major leaguers followed through on their contracts with the Federals for 1915 the league may have survived several years longer. If the FL had still been around a couple years later when America’s entry into the Great War dramatically cut into baseball’s profits, Organized Baseball may have been willing to cut a deal with the Federals that would have left a substantively different major league structure. One thing is for certain: like in 1903, the major leagues would not have allowed the salary explosion caused by the new league to stand.
For more on the Federal League Battle with Organized Baseball see this book. | <urn:uuid:7ad644a6-3e46-413b-84ad-6b05534b836e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pursuitofpennants.wordpress.com/2018/01/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00467.warc.gz | en | 0.980174 | 1,481 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Google uses several techniques to prevent unnecessary traffic from abusing its search engine. One technique that can cause problems is the Google “unusual traffic” message that you might see, for instance, if you’ve performed too many searches in a short space of time. There are other reasons for this message to appear, however.
If this particular Google error is preventing you from using the Google search engine effectively, you can troubleshoot the issue by following the steps below.
What Causes a Google Unusual Traffic Error?
If you see a Google unusual traffic error message, it’s usually a sign that Google suspects your web traffic is problematic in some way. Unusual traffic, in this instance, typically means automated traffic or malicious traffic, caused by hackers, bots, malware unnecessary search requests.
It can also be caused by searches that mark you out as “unusual” in some way, such as regular or repeated use of advanced search operators.
It isn’t usually an error message you need to worry about, as it can usually be resolved with a few simple fixes. For instance, if you’re using a public computer, you may find that the internet connection (and outgoing IP address) you’re using is shared by too many devices, causing Google to limit the searches being made.
It can also be caused by a virtual private network (VPN), where web traffic routed through VPN servers causes Google to rate-limit the number of searches being made.
You may also need to check for possible malware. If your PC is infected, a hacker could be using your internet connection to send significant traffic to Google’s search engine, which Google will block with a “detected unusual traffic” message. If this occurs, you’ll need to scan for malware urgently.
The problem could also be down to an application or script you’re running yourself. If you’re trying to scrape Google search results too quickly, for instance, Google will block the searches after a short period of time.
Successfully Perform the CAPTCHA Test
If Google is blocking your search traffic without a good cause (as far as you’re aware), you can usually bypass it by performing the CAPTCHA test. CAPTCHA is a system designed to limit non-human web traffic (such as automated scraping bots) by introducing a test that “only” humans using a typical web browser can solve.
While the CAPTCHA system isn’t as foolproof as it used to be, Google still continues to use it as a way to limit unusual web traffic. If your Google searches are limited in some way, select the I’m not a robot checkbox in the CAPTCHA box and perform the test.
The test usually involves identifying images based on a set scenario by selecting them (for instance, picking all of the images with a visible tree). There is also an option for the visually impaired to hear the captcha read to them.
Once you’re chosen the correct images, selecting the Verify button should allow you to perform the search. However, if you fail the test, or if Google continues to suspect your traffic is automated, you’ll need to repeat the process.
If you continue to have issues, consider signing in with your Google account or switch to another web browser (such as Google Chrome). This is a good way to prove to Google’s servers that you’re a legitimate search user, reducing the likelihood that your searches will be rate limited in future.
Temporarily Limit Your Searches (and Use Fewer Search Operators)
If you’re making a lot of searches in a short space of time, especially if you’ve used an automated tool (such as a scraping bot) to make them, you may need to temporarily limit your searches.
You may need to do this for an hour or two, but it may take 24 hours for any rate limiting on your IP address to be lifted. You may also need to limit the number of advanced Google search operators that you’re using in searches.
This is because search operators (such as site:online-tech-tips.com) are an increasing sign of automated searches. Most Google search users don’t use operators for searches, so Google can easily filter these out for traffic. If you do need to use operators, use them sparingly to lower the chance of being rate limited.
Disconnect from a VPN (or Switch Internet Connections)
A virtual private network (or VPN) is often used to hide your true IP address, giving you extra privacy online. If you’re connected to a VPN, however, you may find that the chances of seeing a Google unusual traffic error message increase.
A VPN provider routes your traffic through thousands of servers at its disposal, but it also routes traffic from other VPN subscribers through the same servers. Much like using a public internet connection (such as a shared PC or public WiFi), this can cause a significant number of shared Google queries on the same IP address.
This will cause Google to block or limit the searches made through that IP address. Google may also identify certain IP ranges (such as those used by VPNs) as at-risk sources, rate-limiting them.
The best way to overcome these issues is to disconnect from any VPN connection you’re using to make searches. If this doesn’t work, you may need to consider switching to another internet connection (such as a mobile data connection) to bypass the issue.
Check for Malware
If you’re unsure as to the cause of a Google unusual traffic message, it could point to a malware infection on your PC or local network. This malware could use your internet connection to make a significant number of search queries to scrape data or otherwise perform a distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack on Google itself.
While you could use third-party antivirus or anti-malware software, it isn’t strictly necessary. Windows 10 includes a built-in security solution called Microsoft Defender that you can use to check for (and remove) possible malware infections automatically.
- To open Microsoft Defender, right-click the Start menu and select the Settings option.
- In the Windows Settings menu, select Update & Security > Windows Security > Open Windows Security.
- Windows will open the Security menu in a new window. Select Virus & threat protection from the menu, then select Check for updates to make sure your antivirus database is up-to-date.
- Once the Microsoft Defender antivirus database is updated, select Scan options, listed underneath the Current threats category.
- Select the Microsoft Defender Offline Scan option, then select the Scan now button.
Windows will restart your PC, performing a boot-level scan of your system drive to check for any malware infection. Follow any additional on-screen instructions to remove any stubborn malware it detects.
You may need to repeat these steps on all other devices connected to your local network and sharing the same public IP address.
Using Google Effectively
A Google unusual traffic error message isn’t something to worry about, but if you’re seeing it regularly, you may need to rethink your search habits. Too many searches (or searches with advanced search operators) in a short period will cause it, but so can a malware infection, so be sure to check your network regularly for infections.
If you’re worried about the data Google is collecting on you, you might want to download your personal data to check. If you’re unhappy, you can always switch to a privacy-focused search engine like DuckDuckGo to keep your searches hidden or use certain browser tools to limit the amount of data you share online.
This article was originally posted on online-tech-tips.com. Read here | <urn:uuid:e35984bf-aa5d-441e-8110-98f23dacab6c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://artificialgeek.com/what-is-a-google-unusual-traffic-error-and-how-to-fix-it/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00070.warc.gz | en | 0.891485 | 1,625 | 2.0625 | 2 |
By Sarah Schrock
May is National Bike Month. To celebrate two-wheeled transit, the annual Bike Rodeo at TwispWorks took place on Saturday. Thankfully, the rain lifted just in time for 25 eager riders to partake.
The Bike Rodeo brings together a multitude of sponsoring partners including Aero Methow Rescue Service, Methow Trails, Methow Cycle and Sport, Hank’s Harvest Foods, Winthrop Kiwanis, and the Liberty Bell Key Club to teach bicycle safety.
Through seven skills stations and a guided safety ride with public safety officials, kids learn to be more alert and visible on their bikes. Safety rides teach kids proper hand signals, how to navigate around parked cars, read back-up lights, and safe travel at intersections and alleys. The kids receive a certificate of completion which includes a voucher for a free ice cream cone at Hank’s. The next free Bike Rodeo will be June 11 at Pearrygin Lake State Park.
There’s interest afoot in starting a community bicycle hub at TwispWorks. The idea, still in its inception, is seeking interested and enthusiastic brains to bring it together.
Some ideas that the hub could include are reviving the Criterium race in Twisp, fixing up donated bikes for kids, hosting community rides, creating maps, improving signage, teaching simple skills, providing access to tools, or organizing other bicycle-related events. If you are interested in what a community bike hub might be, contact Susan Ernsdorff at email@example.com.
A farewell to two of the valley’s most reliable rescue heroes, Vikki and Ottis Buzzard, took place on May 16 at Megan Sullivan’s house. Ottis and Vikki, both prominent fixtures among the valley’s rescue personnel, are making a new home of Wasilla, Alaska, where Ottis will work for the police department and Vikki hopes to become a flight paramedic.
Though their years of experience and training will be missed, local rescue agencies are in good hands thanks to the Buzzards’ contribution of bringing rigorous training and creating a legacy of competent rescue professionals for backcountry, high-angle, swift-water and emergency rescue to the Methow.
A rainy weekend filled The Merc Playhouse for The Women of Troy, an ancient Greek drama performed by Seattle University students. After the high school drama students kicked off their heels to Footloose the previous week, the success and energy around the show ignited deeper curiosity in theater arts, and many of the show’s stars came out to see The Women of Troy.
The SU performance gave local students aged 18 or under a free chance to witness a college theater production. Despite the setbacks to the high school class’s original production that was rejected by school administration because of adult content, Footloose reinvigorated the drama department at Liberty Bell, which will likely offer the class again next school year.
Lori Rodeo from the Twisp Public Works Department was not very pleased to show up at work this Monday to find graffiti painted on the Wagner Memorial Pool and pump house walls at the park. Though harmless in terms of the messages left on the walls, the mere act of graffiti at the park bodes disrespect for public works.
Cleanup of spray paint on concrete is difficult and time-consuming, taking resources away from more important needs — like the remodel of the pool itself which should break ground Tuesday (May 31). Thanks to Friends of the Pool and Kiwanis, volunteer demolition of the existing liner saved the remodel fund $5,000. If you have any information regarding who might have been behind the graffiti vandalism, please contact the Twisp Police Department.
This small act of rebellion begs the question of whether a place for public graffiti is acceptable in Twisp, and whether restricting high-schoolers from painting the water tower will lead to more random displays of adolescent rebellion. A permission wall where hooligans, artists and activists can make their mark might be fitting in a community that celebrates our artistic talents. Though not proven to reduce graffiti in large urban areas, a permission wall in Twisp would likely bring something to talk about, so I am all for it. | <urn:uuid:c5b8ff81-f13c-4dfa-944f-d29277e4d341> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://methowvalleynews.com/2016/05/25/twisp-may-25-2016/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00015-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.934516 | 875 | 1.5 | 2 |
When you take photograph at the night time, you picture come to a dark position so I am using photoshop to make dark photograph to look shine so follow this example.
Open an Image: Open an image to modify as I have gotten it.
Color Range: Go to Select Menu > Color Range and click your pointer on the dark place then make setting as given below.
Your image will be selected like this.
Curves: Go to Image Menu > Adjustment > Curves and make setting as given below.
Levels: Go to Image Menu > Adjustment > lavels use setting as given below.
Add Brightness and contrast.
Your image will look like this.
Posted on: July 19, 2011 If you enjoyed this post then why not add us on Google+? Add us to your Circles | <urn:uuid:0e386265-e80a-49f7-acd8-790af3121b72> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.roseindia.net/photoshop/tutorials/remove_darkness.shtml | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284411.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00463-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.892097 | 170 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Is the water safe?
When traveling abroad the question that a lot of people ask, “is the water safe?” You often hear not to drink the water abroad, some even say not to eat raw vegetables because it’s washed in water. Well the safe thing to do is to buy bottled water.
Constantly buying bottled water is a pain and can be costly. It sucks even more when you can’t take it through security at the airport. Well what I do is purchase one 100 ml. bottled water and refill it. I usually buy 2 liter bottles or a gallon jug to keep refilling. This saves on costs and its a lot easier to carry around a 100 ml. bottled water instead of a 2 liter bottle. I thought well how could I make it even cheaper for me to drink water? That is when I saw the Brita water bottle filter commercial. I thought that would be good to use for travel, if it can filter the bad stuff out of the tap water abroad.
Brita Bottle water filter
It will eliminate the question of “is the water safe?” Well not eliminate, but definitely produce a great solution for this problem. I did a little research and came to find out that Brita does not purify water it just filters it. I thought isn’t that what filtering the water is supposed to do. The Brita website states, “The Britat Bottle Water Filtration System is not intended to purify water. Do not use the water that is microbiologically unsafe or of unknown quality without adequate disinfection before or after the system.” What exactly is the point of this then if it doesn’t filter the impurities of the water. Well after more research the Brita bottled water filter system is supposed to make the water taste good by eliminating the chlorine from tap water, that’s about it.
Back to the drawing board
The Brita water bottle filter idea is a bust, so I guess there is no other solution that to stick with what I have already been doing. Just remember to rinse out the water bottle that you carry around. If anyone knows a better solution please let me know, so I can pass on the knowledge. | <urn:uuid:a5340b03-3209-4a60-abbd-afd97040a99e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.roycesworld.com/bottled-water-filter-is-the-water-safe/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00126-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961855 | 458 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Update: March 29, 2022
Due to unforeseen circumstances, Vretta has announced that it can no longer act as the Canadian distributor for OpenStax hardcover textbooks. BCcampus and the Manitoba Open Textbook Initiative, advisors for this service, thank Vretta for making this opportunity available.
Post by Lauri Aesoph, Manager, Open Education
Update: September 27, 2021
Last spring BCcampus, in partnership with Vretta and the Manitoba Open Education Initiative, surveyed Canadian post-secondary institutions about how printed open textbooks fit into their classrooms and what they knew about the distribution of OpenStax’s hardbound books in Canada. Answers were provided using a narrative format.
View the results of the survey here.
Update: February 23, 2021
BCcampus, in partnership with Vretta and the Manitoba Open Textbook Initiative invites post-secondary faculty, librarians, bookstore staff and students from across Canada to participate in a survey about the distribution of OpenStax’s hardbound books in Canada, and printed open textbooks in general.
Feel free to share the Canadian Distribution of OpenStax hardcover textbooks survey link with your colleagues. This survey will remain open until April 30, 2021.
All survey responses are anonymous. Final results will be shared out in an aggregated and anonymized format later this year.
Update: October 27, 2020
Against the backdrop of the pandemic and all the challenges stemming from it, BCcampus and Campus Manitoba continue to meet regularly with Vretta regarding their role as Canada’s distributor of hardback OpenStax textbooks.
Carley McDougall, Acting Executive Director for Campus Manitoba, says that since April she and her team have noticed an increased interest in open educational resources, such as OpenStax textbooks. However, the Manitoba group is also hearing about students struggling with broadband issues and basic access to the resources required for post-secondary learning. “Because of this we are seeing the institutions working to provide alternative ways to access education including the increase in use in open educational resources, and resources that don’t require internet access or even computers such as printed books.”
At the beginning of this year, BCcampus decided to give each faculty member who applied to review an open textbook from the B.C. Open Textbook Collection a free printed copy of the book they would be evaluating. This new policy was in response to requests from some reviewers who said they preferred leafing through a physical book rather than, or in addition to, reading it online. For reviewers of OpenStax textbooks, a copy is ordered from Vretta.
Account Manager, Shoeb Mozammel, acknowledges that even though COVID-19 threw “a curveball” at their day-to-day operations, Vretta continues to deliver high quality and affordable OpenStax print textbooks to institutions and students across the country. After the initial drop in textbook orders, Vretta was surprised (and pleased) to see a jolt in demand over the last several months as more and more faculty turn to OER for their respective classes. In turn, students have been ordering print versions to complement the online versions of OpenStax textbooks. Vretta has been working diligently behind the scenes during the past several months, says Shoeb, to make sure that “bookstores, faculty, and students can still order these books the same way as they have been doing all along.”
“Vretta was very easy to place our order and supply the OpenStax print versions our students preferred.”-Yohanna Quackenbush, Campus Store Coordinator, College of the Rockies Bookstore
Update: April 28, 2020
In March, Campus Manitoba and Open Ed Manitoba joined regular discussions with Vretta and BCcampus Open Education regarding the OpenStax textbook distribution project. Dylan Woodcock, virtual help desk associate at Campus Manitoba, says, “The Manitoba Open Textbook Initiative is pleased to be involved in monthly consultations with BCcampus and Vretta. It allows us a chance to discuss the growing momentum of open education within and beyond our province and serves as an excellent learning opportunity and opening to future collaboration.”
During the first quarter of 2020, leading up to Manitoba’s involvement, interest in and sales of OpenStax textbooks were growing in B.C. and across Canada. However, once COVID-19 disrupted the status quo, that upward climb stalled. Regardless, Vretta has committed to prioritizing the needs of students and instructors by ensuring that OpenStax hardcover textbooks are still readily available for purchase across Canada.
Update: January 14, 2020
Two more options are now available for anyone in Canada wishing to buy a hard-back copy of an OpenStax open textbook. In addition to the Vretta order form page, these books are now available through Amazon Canada either by going directly to Amazon.ca (look for Vretta as the distributor) or by visiting individual OpenStax books posted in the B.C. Open Textbook Collection. These hard-cover books are available for 13 of the 33 OpenStax textbooks posted in the B.C. collection. Since October, faculty and post-secondary bookstores in British Columbia and across Canada have purchased 20% of Vretta’s initial OpenStax inventory. A refund policy has also been posted to the Vretta ordering page.
“Vretta is proud to deliver OpenStax hardcover textbooks across Canada. The initial response has been nothing short of great and it is very encouraging to know that there is a real demand for these resources. As demand continues to grow, we will strive to ensure that we meet the needs of students and institutions by continuing to restock our shelves with various titles.” says Shoeb Mozammel, Account Manager for Vretta.
Original: October 8, 2019
Thanks to a partnership between Vretta, a Toronto-based education technology company, and OpenStax, a Rice University-based nonprofit that publishes openly licensed college textbooks, print copies of OpenStax books will now officially be distributed in Canada. Canadian instructors and students who use OpenStax textbooks–and the bookstores that stock them–can now order these high-quality, full-colour textbooks more easily, faster, and for less money through Vretta’s order form page. Prices (in Canadian dollars) are posted on the page, and bookstores – and others – that order 10 textbooks or more receive a 20% discount.
BCcampus and Vretta continue to meet monthly to oversee this endeavour. Feedback and questions are welcome at email@example.com. | <urn:uuid:8f1f0e7f-a256-4055-8f87-37d6e91f69d4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bccampus.ca/2022/03/29/hard-back-openstax-books-come-to-canada/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.947795 | 1,381 | 1.578125 | 2 |
Texting While Parenting: A 21st Century Trap
Smartphones can get in the way of family life, and stress is the result, study finds
By Alan Mozes
THURSDAY, Oct. 13, 2016 (HealthDay News) -- Parents, which do you respond to first -- your ring tone or your toddler's crying?
Mobile devices like smartphones and tablets can be distracting from child-rearing, upending family routines and fueling stress in the home, a small, new study finds.
Incoming communication from work, friends and the world at large is "contaminating" family mealtime, bedtime and playtime, said study lead author Dr. Jenny Radesky. She's an assistant professor of developmental behavioral pediatrics at the University of Michigan Medical School.
Her comments stem from her team's study involving interviews with 35 parents and caregivers of young children in the Boston area.
"This tension, this stress, of trying to balance newly emerging technologies with the established patterns and rituals of our lives is extremely common, and was expressed by almost all of our participants," Radesky said.
"We have to toggle between what might be stress-inducing or highly cognitively demanding mobile content and responding to our kids' behavior," she said.
The result, said Radesky, is often a rise in parent-child tension and overall stress.
The findings make sense to Joseph Bayer, an assistant professor in the School of Communication at Ohio State University.
"Given past research on texting while driving and mentally demanding tasks, I can see how 'texting while parenting' would lead to some cognitive and emotional conflict," said Bayer, who wasn't involved in the new study.
But, Bayer cautioned that it might be too soon to say how parental device use will actually affect either the parent or child over the long haul.
"Just because parents feel like these things are emotionally challenging does not mean there are negative effects over time," he said.
Modern parents and caregivers interact with tablets, smartphones and other communication devices for about three hours a day, the study authors said in background notes.
Radesky's team previously found that when parents used mobile devices during meals they interacted less with their children, and became stressed when children tried to grab their attention away from the device.
The new study included 22 mothers, nine fathers and four grandmothers. Participants were between 23 and 55 years old (average age 36) and cared for toddlers or young children up to age 8. Roughly one-third were single parents, and nearly six in 10 were white.
On the plus side, many parents said that mobile devices facilitated their ability to work from home. But that could fuel anxiety, too.
"How in the world do I have six messages, 17 notifications, text messages of people who are saying, 'Why aren't you answering the phone?' " one parent said in the study.
Some said smartphones provided access to the outside world, and alleviated some of the boredom and stress of child-rearing.
"I do feel like for me, it is my escape, but I'm not sure it's the healthiest escape," one mother admitted.
On the down side, caregivers described being caught in a tug-of-war between their devices and their children.
Many parents also admitted that using a mobile device could affect their mood, thereby affecting interactions with their child. They also acknowledged that their children would sometimes act out to get their attention if they spent excessive time on their device. Caregivers would then sometimes react angrily, souring relations with the child, the researchers reported.
For "families struggling to stay unplugged," Radesky has some advice:
The study findings were published Oct. 12 in the Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics.
There's more on mobile devices and parenting at National Public Radio.
SOURCES: Jenny S. Radesky, M.D., assistant professor, developmental behavioral pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, and C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor; Joseph Bayer, Ph.D., assistant professor, School of Communication, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus; Oct. 12, 2016, Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics
Copyright © 2016 HealthDay. All rights reserved.
465 Congress Street Suite 600 | Portland, Maine 04101-3537 | (207) 775-7001 | <urn:uuid:d75add8b-7349-43ed-9c8d-4b344a34423d> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.mainehealth.org/healthinformation.cfm?id=2948&action=detail&ref=63831 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718309.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00404-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960934 | 918 | 2.4375 | 2 |
What is Kidsflush
Kidsflush is very simply a raised button that is placed over the top of the existing toilet flush. It makes the button much easier for children to press and makes flushing fun with a sound that plays when activated.
Kidsflush encourages children to flush and is especially useful at toilet training stage when it is important to promote good bathroom habits for the future.
We are also working on a new version which will launch soon for the elderly or those with restricted hand movement. We know it’s not just children who have difficulty with modern recessed buttons.
- By offering children a raised easy to press button it makes flushing much easier for little hands.
- Kidsflush brings a bit of fun to toilet training and also for older children.
- Kidsflush offers an easy to clean hygienic button that children enjoy using.
- Easy to fit by simply lining up the button and pressing down for the suction cups to grip
- Simple option to turn the flush activated sound on or off by rotating the button.
Promote Positive Bathroom Hygiene
At toilet training stage, and even with older children, it is important to promote positive bathroom hygiene. For everyone else in the house, or visitors, it's nice to not find unflushed toilets!
Easy to Press Raised Button
The larger raised button on Kidsflush makes flushing much easier because children can use an open flat hand allowing for more pressure with less stress.
Fun & Rewarding sound
Most importantly.... Kidsflush is fun and we all know it's easier to get children to do something when it's fun. The simple rewarding tune on each flush just gives them a reason to flush. | <urn:uuid:ce6fe809-d6e7-499b-a8d2-c2740814121e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://kidsflush.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00492-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.926341 | 346 | 2.3125 | 2 |
It is often mentioned that a large percentage of goals arise from "dead ball" situations. However, many teams do not devote the necessary time and practice in training to improve their set-piece play. This is especially important as these situations arise regularly throughout a match and it makes sense to improve the prospects of making the most of them.
Various advantages such as the opposition being a certain distance away from the ball can give the edge to the attacking team in these situations. Also, striking a motionless ball is technically easier and the attacking team can push many players forward into dangerous positions. It is not only the greater amount of attackers which can make the difference, but set-plays allow players to take up various positions which suit their individual strengths (e.g. tall central defenders positioned at the near-post to flick the ball on).
The greater the time spent practising and rehearsing dead-ball situations, the more fluid and accurate the performance will become. Teams which are well-drilled have usually developed a good level of concentration due to increased discipline as players know exactly what they should be doing. Set plays rarely need to be complex, teams should aim to optimise their timing, accuracy and disguise and capitalise on their own strengths and the opposition's weaknesses respectively.
Although most teams do not deliberately set out to win dangerous set-plays such as corners and free-kicks, positive general play can lead to them to win this type of situations. Putting pressure on defenders can force them into mistakes and give away free-kicks and corners in deep attacking positions. Dribbling at defenders often results in the defender having to put the ball out of play as do balls behind the back line. Likewise, good crosses put defenders under pressure and force them to challenge for the ball and give away corners and throws. Finally, the more a team shoots, the greater the possibility of a set-play resulting from the shot being deflected.
The main aim of practising dead-ball situations is to improve the creation of a scoring opportunity and to increase the team's chances of scoring directly. Training should concentrate on:
Choosing the best possible set-play combination: The team must decide which combination to use, depending on the particular situation and the players available. The specific combination should only require players to concentrate on carrying out the actions practised in training and should always be chosen pre-match.
Specific Training: Players who are to be involved in set-piece play are chosen by the coach for specific training sessions where the moves will be carried out in great detail. These sessions will concentrate on perfecting the timing of player movements in relation to the kick. When rehearsing set-plays, it may be advisable to start off with a few players before building up to playing against defenders. The coach must create interest and encourage players as this type of training can easily result in players becoming bored. Furthermore, avoid set-play training on cold and wet days and make sure that players who are not participating to the session are active elsewhere.
Training the situation in game situations: It is far more easy for players to successfully carry their pre-rehearsed tactics in training than in match conditions. However, through introducing already practised dead-ball situations into training games, the transition can be made easier. Players must learn to adapt in game conditions to concentrating on their specific set-play role i.e. movements and actions. They will also get a better idea of how these situations work in reality.The coach and players will use this type of practice as a tool to measure the effectiveness of the previous training. The players will be tested on their capacity to choose the right combination, adapt their positions and carry out their own actions.
Finally, coaches should be careful when trying to introduce variety in their set-play situations. The best variety is taking an already successful set-play and varying it (whilst still mastering the basics) to keep opponents guessing. Introducing many different plays can confuse players and make them forget the basics of their play. The set-play situation should above all, be simple and direct.
Well thought out corners are difficult situations for the opposition to defend against and often lead to goals being scored. The offensive tactics used in corner kicks and the positions of the players used often depend on several factors:
Attacking ability: Does the attacking team have players who are strong in the air or are they technically god enough to play the ball into the front post ?
Defending ability: Is the opposition goalkeeper good at clearing aerial corners and are the defenders known for their heading ability ?
Playing conditions: Does the attacking team play the ball directly into the penalty area knowing that the goalkeeper will have difficulty catching it due to the rain ?
Generally, the offensive strategies for corner kicks are based around:
Number of players: The greater the amount of players (attackers and defenders), the greater the degree of difficulty for the goalkeeper to get to the ball. It can be useful to have players acting as "troublemakers" to disturb the oppositions defensive plan.
Type of corner : In-swinging, out-swinging, near-post, far-post and short/medium corners can all lead to scoring opportunities.
Variety: Variations are useful in keeping the opposition guessing. However, a team who wins several corners in succession from an in-swinging near-post corner, by suddenly playing a short corner, this may take the pressure of the opposition. If the coach and players feel the opposition will eventually "crack" then keep the delivery similar, simple and direct. Otherwise a good example of variety is if a player notices that the defence is closely marking the near post, then a far-post corner may be played instead.
As mentioned earlier, there are different types of corner kicks (Fig1) and a team must be able to use all the following tactical options.
Fig 1 - Variations on corner kicks
- Right/left foot short corner from left side immediately followed by
In-swinging Corner: A FIFA report on the 1982 World Cup showed that in two out of three goals scored from corners, the ball was played to the near post showing the importance of playing in-swinging corners. The player taking the corner must be capable of providing regular accurate delivery. The ball should be played in between head and bar height to the front part of the 6 yard area. At least one attacker with good heading ability should be positioned to flick the ball on. It can be useful for the playing taking the corner kick to try and drop the ball slightly in front of the player flicking the ball on so that he has to move forwards and bend to flick it on. In this way, it is very difficult for the defender to challenge for the ball.
Other attackers may be positioned in the 6 yard box to block the goalkeepers view. When the corner is kicked, they may move out of this area and back in to create space. There should be players in the centre of the goal and at the back-post in case the ball is flicked on. These player must be careful not to get caught offside if the ball is cleared and played back in.
In-swinging corners played deep to the back post should not be neglected. This can catch the defence out, especially if a player with good heading ability makes a run to the back post area to play the ball back in to the danger zone. To see an animated coaching drill for this particular corner tactic, click here. For an effective real version of the in-swinging corner kick to the back post used by France to score against Brazil, Click Here.
Out-swinging Corner: This type of corner produces less goals than its in-swinging counterpart. It can however be useful and should be practised when a team has no player to take an in-swinging corner. Also, out-swinging corners hit into the middle of the goal can make it difficult for a goalkeeper to come out and clear and if met correctly by the head of an onrushing player may bring about goals. To see an animated version of an out-swinging corner coaching drill Click Here.
Short/medium Corner: Here, the aim is to widen the angle and achieve a better position for the cross (nearer to goal) by playing the ball back to a team-mate close to the corner flag. Short corners take advantage of the fact that defenders have to be around 10 metres from the kick. This is especially useful if the attackers have numerical advantage in this area. If no numerical advantage is available (at least one player free in space), short corners may end up being wasteful.
When the team plays a medium corner, this usually involves a player making a run from inside the box (the player positioned at the near-post) to receive the corner pass. He can either turn if not followed and shoot or cross or play the ball back to allow a cross from a wider angle. It is important that the initial run is disguised and only made when the player starts to take the corner. You can see an animated version of a Medium Corner Drill.
The role of the players waiting in the penalty area for the cross is important. Coaches should encourage players to switch positions, provide movement to create space and lose markers. Having players making runs at speed from the edge of the penalty area as well as positioning players in the 6 yard area can be constructive (as mentioned earlier). Also, players should be encouraged to make decoy runs and try to take defenders out of position to create space. These movements should be really emphasised in training practice.
It is also useful to have a player on the edge of the penalty area to intercept and shoot from any cleared balls. Teams may want to develop signals for choosing different tactical ploys at corners although they should be aware of the opposition working these out. Finally, it may be of use if the ball is cleared from a corner, to play it back in quickly as defences can lost their shape and marking as they think their job is done (forwards should however be beware of being caught offside). A good example is the Goal scored by Spain against France.
So what are the important points in organising and analysing practice ?
A full-size pitch and goal should always be used. At first, practice the corner without defenders. The coach may want to start off by simply concentrating on the attackers positioned in the 6 yard area and then introducing more forwards (making runs from deeper positions) and eventually defenders. All types of corner kick must be practised and the timing of the movements in relation to the ball being kicked have to be perfected.
Only once the situation has been mastered without defenders should the latter be brought in. Defenders should be instructed to position where they please. Between 5 or 10 corners can be taken from both sides of the pitch and a competition introduced. Avoid corner kick practice if the weather is cold and make sure players do not get bored through getting everyone involved and giving lots of encouragement. Coaches may want to surprise teams by giving a corner when unexpected, for example if the ball goes out for a goal-kick, instead he awards a corner.
There are various parts of the kick which need to be carefully analysed by the coach:
1/ The technique
and accuracy of the corner kick. | <urn:uuid:01f567b3-c514-4f34-99e9-bc2f76828427> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.soccerperformance.org/training/tacticsetplayattacking.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285315.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00576-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966153 | 2,309 | 2.359375 | 2 |
Thirty Foot Waves, Arctic Storm Batter Shell's Grounded Oil Rig
'Shell stands to profit from drilling in the Arctic Ocean, yet we all bear the risks.'
Thirty-foot seas and an arctic storm are preventing rescue or salvage of a Royal Dutch Shell oil drilling rig that ran aground in Alaska on New Year's Eve.
The drilling rig, named the Kulluk, has not yet broken apart, but sits precariously just off Sitkalidak Island in the southeast part of the state. Reports indicate that the ship is intact, but worries are heightened that chances of spilling the vessel's 150,000 gallons of diesel fuel and other toxic lubricants increase with each passing hour.
“This grounding should serve as the tipping point to show our government that we are not ready to drill in the Arctic Ocean.” —Susan Murray, Oceana
As the Associated Press reports Wednesday:
A team of company, Coast Guard and local officials said they were mobilizing spill response equipment and preparing a plan in the event of a spill in the Partition Cove and Ocean Bay areas of the island. The area is home to at least two endangered species, as well as harbor seals, salmon, and sea lions.
The storm eased Tuesday, with gusts up to 35 mph and waves up to 30 feet high, and similar conditions were expected Wednesday. Officials were hoping to get marine experts onboard to take photos and videos, and then come up with a more complete salvage plan once weather permits.
“This grounding should serve as the tipping point to show our government that we are not ready to drill in the Arctic Ocean,” Susan Murray, Oceana deputy vice president, said in a statement issued Tuesday.
Greenpeace campaigner Ben Ayliffe agreed. "The grounding of Shell's Arctic rig, which contains tens of thousands of gallons of fuel oil, is yet another example of how utterly incapable this company is of operating safely in one of the planet's most remote and extreme environments," he said.
"Shell has lurched from one Arctic disaster to the next, displaying staggering ineptitude every step of the way. Were the pristine environment of the frozen north not at risk of an oil spill it would be almost comical. Instead it’s tragic. We're moving closer to a major catastrophe in the Arctic and the US government appears unwilling to provide either the needed oversight or emergency backup the company's incompetence requires."
Murrary continued by saying, "Shell stands to profit from drilling in the Arctic Ocean, yet we all bear the risks. We hope that this accident will not become a major environmental disaster. The area in which the Kulluk grounded is critical habitat for endangered Steller sea lions and threatened sea otters; and there are important fisheries in the area that help provide livelihoods for Alaskans and support our economy."
"Rather than opening up the high north to oil firms we need to keep this fragile place off-limits to reckless industrialization," concluded Ayliffe. "Greenpeace and the millions of people who have joined us to save the Arctic will be keeping a very close eye on developments in Kodiak."
In a statement released Tuesday, US Congressman Ed Markey (D-MA), the minority chair of the House Natural Resources Committee, echoed sentiments of environmentalists and Arctic drilling critics by saying: "Oil companies keep saying they can conquer the Arctic, but the Arctic keeps disagreeing with the oil companies."
"Drilling expansion could prove disastrous for this sensitive environment," he said.
The Alaska Dispatch posits the question: Will Shell's grounded drilling ship impact US energy policy in Arctic? And reports:
Shell has invested more than $4.5 billion since the mid-2000s in a quest to reignite a controversial Arctic drilling program that it started in the 1980s. But from lawsuits to mishaps like the grounding of its Kulluk drilling ship this week, the Netherlands-based oil giant has seemingly faced one problem -- one more delay -- after another.
The $290-million Kulluk and its tug weren't operating above the Arctic Circle when the problems started late last week. And the Coast Guard's Alaska headquarters at Kodiak are located relatively nearby the grounded Kulluk, making response efforts easier than in the Arctic, where the agency has no base.
What would happen if similar troubles ever occur in the much more remote Arctic Ocean? No one involved with the recovery would speculate Tuesday.
“We’re learning that oceans, while beautiful, are dangerous and unforgiving,” Michael LeVine, senior Pacific counsel for the environmental group Oceana, told the New York Times. “Shell has demonstrated again and again that it’s not prepared to operate in Alaskan waters.
Reporting on the pattern of trouble encountered by Shell's drilling excursions in the last year, the Times adds:
The grounding was the latest in a series of mishaps to befall Shell’s ambitious plans to prospect for oil in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas off the North Slope of Alaska.
Shell halted drilling for oil in September after equipment failures, unexpected ice floes, operational missteps and regulatory delays forced the company to scale back its plans.
Its drilling rigs completed two shallow pilot holes and left the Arctic in late fall to return to Seattle for maintenance work but have encountered problems in transit.
If the Kulluk, which Shell upgraded in recent years at a cost of nearly $300 million, is wrecked or substantially damaged, it will be hard for the company to find a replacement and receive the numerous government permits needed to resume drilling in July, as planned. | <urn:uuid:448d3c17-f15f-4d88-acaf-0316e0cf9c6d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.commondreams.org/news/2013/01/02/thirty-foot-waves-arctic-storm-batter-shells-grounded-oil-rig?quicktabs_1=0 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00548-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951686 | 1,158 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Ms. nº 5013, Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris
Like most of the agricultural hispano-arab agricultural treatises this is a miscellaneous work, written in a semi-clear and small sized maghrebi
script. It has 15 lines per page, as well as a few notes from copyists along with those from some later reader. The headings of the different chapters are typically highlighted by thicker strokes in different coloured ink. There are also some words and phrases highlighted throughout the text.
At the end of the manuscript two copyists are identified. The first worked on folios 1v to 71r, the second one on folios 72r to 161v. The names of the copyists are unknown but we know that the copy was made on 21st of Muḥarram
970, corresponding to September 20th, 1562. [“This same date is noted in mss. 617j and 1410 D of the General Library and Archive of Rabat as well as ms. 6342 of the Royal Library in Rabat as the date of the original manuscript from which these were copied. There is no doubt therefore that they all derive from this Parisian manuscript”. Carabaza Bravo & García Sánchez 1998, p. 406]. No author is mentioned at the beginning.
The first folios mentioned (1v-71r) correspond to the work attributed by Ṣalāḥ Jirār and Jāsir Abū Ṣafiyya to the 11th century Sevillian agronomist Ibn Ḥajjāj entitled Al-Muqni
(Ibn Ḥajjāj 1982). However, as we have shown in the study of the edition by the two Jordanian professors (Carabaza Bravo 1988, pp. 114-175), it relates to two different agronomical works. The first is sometimes attributed, as we shall see, to Al-Nahrāwī, a name possibly identified with Al-Zahrāwī - the famous 10th century doctor from Cordoba - though other information points to authorship by the Toledan doctor from the time of the Taifas
, Ibn Wāfid (Carabaza Bravo 1988, pp. 167-71; Millás Vallicrosa 1943, pp. 286-293). This first agricultural treatise is contained in folios 1v to 47r of ms. 5013. The second one belongs to Ibn Ḥajjāj, who is named as the author in folio 71r. It is only an excerpt from this agronomist’s treatise and is contained in folios 47r to 71r.
The second part of this manuscript (fols. 72r-161v) corresponds to the treatise of Ibn Baṣṣāl. It has specific characteristics apart from the ones mentioned above, like the existence of catchwords and some vowels. There are many blotches. It has double pagination, a general one for the manuscript and another one for the treatise, the later only present in the right-hand folios. The index at the beginning of the treatise (fols. 72r-73r) is marked with thick dots and includes, above the word al-bāb,
the number of the page where it begins. The treatise really begins on folio 71v as it is written in larger script and includes some invocations. The end of the index of chapter III heads folio 72r.
The content corresponds to that in the text of Millás’ edition and the other Ibn Baṣṣāl manuscripts mentioned in this work. There are only a few variations among them, limited to the use of a word or a longer epigraph.
Ibn Ḥajjāj, Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad (1982). Al-Muqnī‘ fī ’l-filāḥa. Edited by S. Jarrār & Y. Abū Ṣāfiya. Ammān: Majma‘ al-Luga al-‘Arabiyya al-Urduniyya.
Carabaza Bravo, J. M. (1988). Aḥmad b. Moḥammed b. Ḥajjāj al-Ishbīlī: Al-Muqnī‘ fī ’l-filāḥa, doctoral dissertation, University of Granada, 1988, I, 178-281.
Carabaza Bravo, J. M. & García Sánchez, E. (1998). ‘Códices Misceláneos de Agronomía Andalusí’. Al‑Qantara 19, pp. 393-416.
Millás Vallicrosa, J.M. (1943) ‘La traducción castellana del Tratado de Agricultura de Ibn Wāfid’. Al-Andalus, 8, pp. 281-332.
(translated from Carabaza Bravo, J. M., García Sánchez, E. & Llavero Ruiz, E. (1991). ‘Obras manuscritas de los geoponos andalusies (siglos X-XII)’. pp. 1119-1120. In: Emilio Molina et al.
(eds.). Homenaje al Profesor Jacinto Bosch Vila
, vol. 2, pp. 1115-1132. Granada: Universidad de Granada).
This is what Attié says about Ms. no. 5013 (F. S. 2858) in the Bibliothèque Nationale de Paris:
(identical to ms. no. 5754) – Nahrāwī
This is a majmū
formed by the assemblage of two ms. different in every respect. In the catalogues the text of the first ms. (fols. 1-71) is attributed to Ibn Ḥajjāj. The text of the second ms. (fols. 72–161) is anonymous. Dr Millás Vallicrosa has demonstrated that the first ms. contains two different works: he attributes the first to Ibn Wāfid (fols. 1-47) and the second to Ibn Ḥajjāj. Lastly he attributes the anonymous treatise of the second ms. to Ibn Baṣṣāl (Millás Vallicrosa, J.M. 1954. ‘Nuevos textos manuscritos de las obras geopónicas de Ibn Wāfid e Ibn Baṣṣāl’. Hespéris-Tamuda
2, pp. 339‑44). We are in agreement with Millás on the subject of the composition of the majmū
but we are a little sceptical about the attributions. This concern of ours is induced, first, by the objectivity and the doubts of Millás himself, and then by new information from other manuscripts.
- Fols. 1-47a. In fact these folios contain an independent treatise, formed of two sections: the first is a complete agricultural treatise, and the second a treatise of basse-cour. Together the two sections bear the generic title Kitāb al-falāḥa. This edition is that of a mağmū‘a or compendium. The principle sources of the author are the treaties of Anatolius and of Democritus.
We have already encountered the second section (the basse-cour) in ms. no. 4764 (fols. 150b–160b). It is attributed there to Abū’l Khayr. It is attributed here to Ibn Ḥajjāj. But there is total confusion in the attribution of this whole group of Kitāb al-falāḥa: the catalogues attribute it to Ibn Ḥajjāj; Sidi Tuhāmī attributes it to Abū’l Khayr (Abū al-Khayr Al-Ishbīlī 1938, Kitāb fī al-Filāḥa. Fez: Sīdī al-Tuhāmī al-Nāṣirī al-Ja‘farī, pp. 1-83); Pérès attributes it both to Abū’l Khayr and Ibn Ḥajjāj, to the anonymous author of the second treatise of ms. no. 4764 (fols. 47b–64a), to Nahrāwī and to Ibn Aṣ-Ṣawwām. The four last authors are a single person, according to Pérès.
We will try to disentangle this imbroglio: “We propose, says Pérès in his Eclaircissements (in Abū al-Khayr Al-Ishbīlī 1946, Kitāb al-Filāḥa ou Le Livre de la Culture. Edited by A. Cherbonneau & H. Pérès. Alger: Carbonel, pp. 9-11) ... to publish ... Ibn Ḥajjaj al-Ishbīlī (alias Abu-l-Qasim b. ‘Abbās an-Nahrāwi or Abū ‘Abdallāh Muḥammad Ibn Aṣ-Ṣawwām al-Andalusī)”. He has forgotten to add the name of Abū’l Khayr before the end of the parenthesis. (note: cf. the criticism of this identification by Millás Vallicrosa 1955, ‘Aportaciones para el estudio de la obra agronómica de Ibn Haŷŷāŷ y de Abū l-Jayr’. Al-Andalus 20, p. 98).
We have already said that the identity of some phrases has not led to the identification of Ibn Ḥajjaj with the anonymous writer of the second treatise of ms. no 4764. The presence of the Kitāb al-filāḥa before the treatise of Ibn Ḥajjaj, in this anthology, does not lead, either to the identification of this one with An-Nahrāwi, to whom is attributed Kitāb al-filāḥa by an inscription in ms. no. 1550 of the B. N. of Algiers, and that Pérès knew. Finally if the abbreviation of the treatise of Ibn al-‘Awwām starts with the citations of Ibn Ḥajjaj, this does not lead to the identification of the abbreviator Ibn Aṣ-Ṣawwām with the source cited, Ibn Ḥajjaj.
- Fols. 47a–71b. Kitāb al-muqni‘, ‘Book of Guidance’ (extract) – Ibn Ḥajjāj
The second text comprises the last chapters and the epilogue of the agricultural treatise of Abū ‘Umar Aḥmad b. Muḥammad Ibn Ḥajjāj. Concerning the first chapters and the title Al-Muqni‘, which is lacking here, one finds them in the treatise of Ibn al-‘Awwām. The questions posed on the subject of the work of Ibn Ḥajjāj are numerous, including the interpretation of the spelling of the title....
- Fols. 72a–161b. An abridgement of the treatise of Ibn Baṣṣāl – Anonymous
It is to Dr. Millás Vallicrosa that one owes the revival of Arab agricultural studies, setting the pace since the edition of Ibn al-‘Awwām in 1802. The discovery of a medieval Spanish version of two anonymous Arabic agricultural treatises and their identification (Millás Vallicrosa 1942, Las Traducciones Orientales en los Manuscritos de la Biblioteca Catedral de Toledo. Madrid, pp. 91–103), the discovery of the Arabic originals and the publication of one of them in collaboration with Muhammad Aziman (Ibn Baṣṣāl 1955. Kitāb al-qaṣd wa’l-bayān. Libro de Agricultura. Edition with Spanish translation and notes by J. M. Millás Vallicrosa & M. Aziman. Tetuan: Instituto Muley El Hassan), and the identification of the three treatises of the present ms., are only the principal works of Dr. Millás in this field (Millás Vallicrosa 1954, ‘Nuevos textos manuscritos de las obras geopónicas de Ibn Wāfid e Ibn Baṣṣāl’. Hespéris-Tamuda 2, pp. 339‑44). In attributing the medieval version of the present treatise to Ibn Baṣṣāl, Dr. Millás draws our attention to one of these passages which, instead of being attributed to Ibn Baṣṣāl by Ibn al-‘Awwām, is attributed to Abū’l Khayr. In editing the text, he signals another.
For other reasons, we believe that Ibn Baṣṣāl is not the redactor/editor of this treatise, which comes, for the most part, from his treatise Al-Qaṣd wa-l-bayān
. And here is the principal reason, after Anonymous of Algiers: “I think he is mistaken in saying that”, says Anon. of Algiers in discussing the opinions of Ibn Baṣṣāl on the times of sowing and planting, “or that some perniciousness has crept into the book [?].......”
We know that the son of Ibn Baṣṣāl was the principal editor of the treaties Al-Qaṣd wa-l-bayān
but we do not know who was the editor of the treatise in hand which has as its principal source the work of Ibn Baṣṣāl; in any case, it is not our agronomist.
(translated from Attié, B. (1969). ‘Les manuscrits agricoles arabes de la Bibliothèque Nationale de Paris’. Hespéris‑Tamuda
10 (3), pp. 241-261) | <urn:uuid:159bb1d6-a4b5-4f2c-a830-a2b63123fc18> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.filaha.org/link5.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279933.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00118-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.842362 | 3,184 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Overtime Pay Lawyers
For many people, the opportunity to work overtime is a welcome opportunity to earn extra income. For others, overtime offers no benefit and simply means extra work and less time with family or for themselves. In most situations, any work over 40 hours per week requires time-and-a-half compensation. Not all employees are paid the overtime they have earned.
Some of the common ways that people are shortchanged on overtime include:
- Misclassification — Certain categories of employees, such as executives, do not have to be paid overtime under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA). Employers frequently miscategorize employees as exempt in order to avoid paying overtime.
- Failing to calculate overtime on a weekly basis — Overtime must be paid on a weekly basis, i.e., if employees work more than 40 hours in a week, they must be paid overtime. Employers sometime average hours over a bi-weekly pay period to avoid paying overtime. For example, you may work 30 hours in one week and 50 in the next, but your employer simply averages it as 40 hours for each week rather than paying you for 10 hours of overtime.
- Being forced to work during meal/lunch breaks — If your employer asks you to perform any work-related tasks during an unpaid meal break, you should be paid for that time.
- Being forced to do off-the-clock work — Employers often expect workers to engage in preparatory work, like logging in systems, changing clothes, or attending meetings, etc., before a shift or to do work-related things afterwards. Employees need to be paid for all of the time they work.
- Failing to include for all wages (e.g., bonuses, shift differentials) when calculating overtime — The calculation of overtime needs to account for all compensation a worker receives. Employers often fail to include additional payments, like bonuses, commissions, shift differentials, etc., that will increase the overtime rate.
Helping Workers Secure The Overtime They Deserve
At Preston & Brar LLC, our attorneys are skilled at analyzing overtime situations and identifying when workers have been shortchanged. If you have any concerns about overtime which you were not paid for, we can help you effectively pursue the full overtime pay your work deserves under the law. With more than 25 years of combined experience, our attorneys are able to help workers secure the pay they are owed for overtime work.
Contact The Salt Lake City Overtime Attorneys Of Preston & Brar LLC
If you have not been paid the full overtime you are owed, we can help you pursue all of the wages you deserve. To schedule a free initial consultation with one of our experienced wage and hour lawyers, call us at 801-269-9541 or 801-577-1988 or contact us online.
We are also available after hours or on weekends for consultations.
We take wage and overtime cases on a contingent basis. We get paid only if you get paid. | <urn:uuid:dea95efe-3067-4fd0-96e8-b4fc8825a527> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://prestonbrar.com/overtime/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00070.warc.gz | en | 0.953453 | 614 | 1.804688 | 2 |
What is in this article?:
- U.S. Machine Tool Orders Fell 11% in November
- Regional variations
- Second-consecutive monthly drop
- November totals fall 8.5% year-on-year
- Orders stronger in West, Northeast; weaker in Midwest, Central regions
Total U.S. manufacturing technology orders have had a generally downward trend during 2012 – though historically strong results for September have kept the annual total in positive territory.
U.S. manufacturers’ new orders for machine tools and related technology fell 11.0% from October to November 2012, to a total of $421,826,000, according to the monthly United States Manufacturing Technology Orders (USMTO) report released by AMT - The Association For Manufacturing Technology and based on actual data reported by participating companies. The report covers all orders for manufacturing technology, both domestically built products and imported ones.
November represented a second consecutive month of declining totals, following the 31.3% drop from September to October, $473,892,000.
It’s notable that the September result coincided with the biannual IMTS 2012 event, which drove total sales to $674,234 million.
The slower rate of manufacturing technology during November also represented an 8.5% drop versus the comparable figure for November 2012, $460,865,000. It brought the year-to-date USMTO total to $5,212.17 million, up 4.8% compared with the January-November 2011 total.
“Orders for all of 2012 remain full steam ahead, likely on pace to pass the totals of 2011 and echoing the overall strength of manufacturing for the year,” stated AMT president Douglas K. Woods. “While economic uncertainty remains a concern for both businesses and consumers, we anticipate a steady, albeit slower growth for manufacturing as we begin 2013.” | <urn:uuid:0e871003-23ba-4f61-af07-81e0afc57e57> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://americanmachinist.com/machining-cutting/us-machine-tool-orders-fell-11-november | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281649.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00438-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952881 | 393 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Bihar Governor Lauds 150-year Education Service By Christian School, Stresses Role of Teachers in Na
PATNA, Bihar(SAR NEWS) --Bihar Governor Dr. R. S. Gavai, inaugurating the sesquicentennial celebration of the Jesuit-run St. Michaels High School, Patna, lauded the noble contribution of Christian schools in educating children.
I am happy that St. Michael's High School has completed 150 years of service to humanity through education, he told some 4000 students, parents, members of the alumni association, well-wishers and members of other Christian educational intuitions gathered December 5, under a beautifully decorated shamiana in the sprawling campus of the school.
Appreciating the schools achievements he said he was proud that thousands of students have brought laurels to their alma mater through distinguished service to the nation.
Declaring the yearlong celebration of the founding of the school open, he said, Teachers are facilitators in developing childrens inner talents and play an important role in personality development of children, who are the foundation of our nation.
You are engaged in a noble profession, he told the teachers.
He also focused on the corporate responsibility of teachers, non-teaching staff, parents, guardians, and others in personality development of children.
Underscoring gender sensitivity, he said, We need to educate girl children for a better society. He pointed out that parents should teat boys and girls with equity.
Reporting on the activities and achievements of the school in the recent past, the Principal, Jesuit Father Peter Arockiasamy, said the present generation of students has carried forward the tradition of excellence of the school: in various co-curricular activities besides academics at the state level, national level and international level.
Recalling and thanking the earlier managements of the school, Father Peter said that the school, though started for orphaned children of the 1857 War of Independence, it realised the dream of its founder, Capuchin Bishop Anastasius Hartmann, the first Catholic Bishop of Patna.
Over the 150 years, the school has grown into a big tree from the small mustard seed planted in this very ground by Bishop Hartmann in 1858, he said.
The school was managed by Irish Christian Brothers from 1894 to 1969, and ever since, by the Jesuit missionaries of Patna.
With the motto Towards liberation together with the poor, the school has been reoriented from its elitist level to cater to the marginalised children as well. Aside some 2,300 students, the school premises also accommodate hundreds of poor, neighbourhood children, he said.
Moulding the future responsible citizens of this country, are our teachers and collaborators, he said.
On this day we recognize the hard work of parents and guardians for the development of their wards and fostering the creativity of each student, he added. A co-education school for over 15 years, we believe in the continual learning of both students and teachers. Teachers also have update training programmes and workshops particularly to sensitise them on the burning social issues such as HIV/AIDS and ecological pollution.
The inaugural celebration focused on the theme Festival of Creativity and Appreciation, said the Rector of St. Michaels Jesuit Father Thomas Perumalil. On the yearlong package of the sesquicentennial, We are planning a series of programmes for the alumni association, parents and for the public besides a souvenir to mark the sesquicentennial year, he told SAR News December 6.
Among the 15 cultural items staged by the students was a Bollywood number titled, Lose Control, Mast ke Pathshala (Enjoy Pleasure School) displayed by tiny tots with remarkable finesse as they synchronised their body movements to the beat of songs, much to the rapturous applause of the audience which comprised several civil and Church dignitaries. | <urn:uuid:4d033cea-06f5-4089-b911-05e0f779ced3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sarnews.in/details.php?n=474 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.958977 | 811 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Monitoring a Stock Portfolio's Performance
The final step in the stock portfolio investment process is to monitor the portfolio's performance and compare the performance to that of a benchmark. The primary task in this hub is to give you ideas on how to measure the entire portfolio's return and relate it to the risks incurred in achieving that return.
Let's take a look at the index portfolio below. From the information given, we are going to calculate the holding period return for the portfolio. The holding period is the length of time an asset is held by the investor and the return is the profit gained over that period.
The Holding Period Return on a Portfolio
The holding period return of an investment is given by the formula below. You will notice from the formula. that you must include any and all dividends received, in the calculation.
Holding Period Return
Let's take a look at the index portfolio below and from the information we have we are going to calculate the holding period return for the portfolio.
If we follow the formula the calculation would be this:
($1,110,983.35 - $1,000,000) = $110,983.35
= $110,983.35 + $13,720.20 = $124,703.55
= $124,703.55 / $1,000,000 = 12.50%
The way we get the beginning and closing market values is by multiplying the number of shares by the share price at the beginning of the period and at the end of the period. The dividend income is the worked out by multiplying the dividend by the number of shares.
Usually, though, we are concerned about the return of a portfolio over several periods. A portfolio's rate-of-return is not simply the average of rate of return over several individual periods. Instead, we must calculate the portfolio’s average compound rate-of-return.
To understand the difference, look at both of these formulas and the portfolio. The simple average weighs a given percentage increase the same as a given percentage decrease.
Simple Average: (11.3 + 20.0 + 0.0 - 11.1 - 15.8) / 5 = 0.88 percent
Compound Average: (1.113*1.20*1.0*0.889*0.842)1/5 - 1 = 0.00 percent
Average Simple Return/Compound Return
Take the above set of returns with our portfolio that has a beginning value of $1 million. Notice that the simple rate of return indicates a 0.88 percent average gain over the 5 years. However, the portfolio at the end of 1995 has the same value of $1 million. The compound rate of return shows us an average compound gain of 0.
By the way, a return that is – 11.1 is converted to ‘1’ by adding moving the point back two decimal places and taking away the minus sign = 0.111 and adding 0.889 so it equals 1.
Let’s look at the following returns and see the results of the calculation of the annual portfolio for the 5 year period using both the simple average and the compound average.
Return Over Portfolio Value
Simple R = 15-8.4-2.2+5.6+20.7 / 5 = 6.1%
Compound R = (1.15*0.916*0.978*1.056*1.207) 1/5 - 1 = 5.6%
In evaluating performance, investors must compare the average compound return against the market performance. Therefore the policy statement should reveal the benchmark index to which the actual performance should be compared. The most common index used as a benchmark for large capitalization stock portfolios is the S&P 500 Index.
It is important to also evaluate the risk level assumed in achieving the portfolio return. Managers generally use the CAPM as a basis for comparing risk. Thus, they use the portfolio's beta as a measure of relative risk.
A Beta which is greater than one indicates that the stock moves in the direction of the market but in a bigger amount than the market.
Many clients, in particular institutional investors, have fiduciary responsibilities. In addition to investment performance, they will evaluate the portfolio manager's skill at allocating capital and selecting securities adherence to their investment policy, and the impact of transaction costs and management fees. Investment performance evaluation is, therefore, only one aspect of monitoring progress towards goals and modifying investment objectives.
More by this Author
Stock markets around the world help companies to raise capital through the issue of stocks and shares to interested investors. Some share issues are private offerings while others are public offerings.
How to invest and construct an investment portfolio studies some of the methods that are used to evaluate different stocks in different industries.
Test the knowledge of your colleagues at your local pub or sports and social club with this pub quiz (3) which covers general knowledge and some interesting specialised subjects. Answers are supplied. | <urn:uuid:d3ee40aa-9bc4-4c6e-9c91-ba6863320bee> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://hubpages.com/money/How-to-Monitor-the-Performance-of-a-Stock-Portfolio | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00497-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.914787 | 1,038 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Europe is currently facing an unprecedented medical crisis, which will have gigantic economic consequences and could turn into a severe depression. Whereas the EU is planning its ‘exit strategy’ and long-term response to the pandemic, the Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF) for 2021-27 has been reframed in recent weeks to be the backbone of its recovery plan. Undoubtedly it will focus on critical sectors such as health and energy. We believe that the defence sector should be included in such critical sectors and that a revised version of the MFF should be the opportunity to reassert a truly ambitious budget for the European Defence Fund.
Today, we are rightfully focusing on the COVID-19 crisis, but the truth is that we do not know what crises could be around the corner. This pandemic has shown that the unthinkable can happen. With the significant geopolitical challenges currently facing the EU, this is no time to cut or under-invest in Europe’s defence. Indeed, COVID-19 will not stop or mitigate the ongoing deterioration in the international security environment, threatening European security and interests. On the contrary, it is likely to make the world more unstable and more insecure. It should also be borne in mind that in addition to the pandemic, there are a number of unresolved crises on the EU’s borders and its wider neighbourhood. Furthermore, the European industrial defence sector is a core element of the new impetus to make Europe’s military capabilities fulfil the purpose of protecting the European public, be a pillar of Europe’s strategic autonomy and ability to act, and be a credible asset for its allies.
Although the COVID-19 and the 2008-10 crises are very different, they may well have highly similar effects on European defence investments and industry, if fiscal consolidation policies are be implemented. Indeed, economic recession and cuts in military spending led to a significant decline in defence investments in the wake of the earlier crisis. With a drop in 2020’s GDP –at the EU level– of possibly two to three times higher than after the 2008 crisis, there is a risk that defence will –again– not be considered a priority by European leaders during economic recovery and fiscal consolidation. Even more worrying, after 2008 and 2010 the cuts will hit research and development (R&D) and its most prospective part, research and technology (R&T), both of which are critical to anticipate long-term defence innovation. However, restricting the funds for defence research risks imperilling the initiation of major defence programmes at a time when Europe is trying to develop next-generation fighter aircraft, main battle tanks, frigates and other capabilities such as unmanned systems crucial for its military and technological edge.
While duplication and fragmentation have been long-standing and major problems in European defence, cooperative programmes were heavily hit after 2010. If such a scenario were to be replicated today, Europe would lose critical industrial and technological capabilities and develop new dependencies on third states. This would not only hamper Europe’s efforts to develop its strategic autonomy but would also significantly hinder the credibility of European nations as military partners, notably within NATO. Already now, as defence firms are increasingly dual-use producers and the economic crisis is hitting the economy, valuable industrial capabilities (advanced technology, highly qualified jobs, etc.) are at risk and may well disappear. Specific support for this sector will be needed to mitigate the effects of the economic crisis and preserve Europe’s long-term future.
We need to learn the lessons of the aftermath of the Eurozone crisis and not repeat past mistakes. The European Defence Fund (EDF) was, following the 2016 EU Global Strategy, and together with the Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO), a key initiative to make our defence and security more collective and more credible while ensuring a more efficient use of public spending. Yet even before the pandemic, the EDF was under threat during the negotiations for the next MFF and it was proposed to halve its potential budget. Such a scenario would significantly hamper the progress made over the past decade to ensure that European defence would be an effective and credible reality, leading to a considerable waste of time and effort. Now is the time to redouble efforts and to use the MFF to ensure a greater industrial defence cooperation in the EU. Therefore, we believe the new MFF should at the very least maintain the original proposal of a €13 billion budget for the European Defence Fund (ie, 1% of the Union’s budget) and, if possible, foresee a realistic increase.
As Europe gradually emerges from the pandemic, there cannot be a secure ‘new normal’ without a sound European defence capability.
Signatories are scientific advisers of the Armament Industry European Research (ARES) Group:
Felix Arteaga, Senior Analyst at the Elcano Royal Institute; Daniel Fiott, Security and Defence Editor at EUISS; Keith Hartley, Emeritus Professor of Economics at the University of York; Sylvie Matelly, deputy director at IRIS; Jean-Pierre Maulny, Deputy Director at IRIS; Alessandro Marrone, Head of Defence Programme at IAI; Margarita Šešelgytė, Director at the Institute of International Relations and Political Science, Vilnius University; and Edouard Simon, Research director at IRIS.
Source: This article was published at Elcano Royal Institute | <urn:uuid:6a1d26af-9e90-431d-8135-a2b294257853> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.eurasiareview.com/04052020-european-defense-should-not-be-the-casualty-of-the-great-lockdown/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.944542 | 1,103 | 1.796875 | 2 |
Did you know?
The ball at the back of a sangoma's headdress is the bladder of an animal - usually a goat - slaughtered at the time of initiation.
There are 2 distinct types of sangoma. One is the herbalist, who functions as a doctor - having learnt the healing properties of plants and potions. The other is the spiritualist - like an African shaman - a visionary who makes contact with the ancestors in a trance state.
Visitors who want to learn more about these wise and spiritual people have many options open to them. In Johannesburg it's possible to visit the Faraday Muti Market to purchase herbs or concoctions for a variety of ailments, psychological or physical. You can also visit a consulting sangoma to have the bones thrown in a divination ritual to tell the future or answer a question.
If you're keen to learn more about the healing or spiritual properties of plants, people at the market are happy to share their knowledge.
The mountains around Ficksburg in the Free State are known as the "Sangoma University", as many sangomas complete their training there. Sangomas from around the country do an annual pilgrimage to this site to collect herbs and get back in touch with nature and their ancestors. As cultural sensitivity is required, it's best to arrange a guided visit to the different sangomas, rather than trying to make contact yourself.
In Eshowe in Zululand a number of tour packages have been developed in association with the local community. Here it's possible to catch a rare glimpse of a sangoma initiation, trance and healing ceremonies. And on 23 February every year, renowned sangoma Khekhekhe hosts a first fruits ceremony, where he demonstrates his powers by putting the heads of poisonous snakes in his mouth.
Sangomas are an essential thread in the rich cultural fabric of South Africa. Come with respect and it's possible you'll learn something about yourself as well.
Travel tips & Planning info
Who to contact
How to get here
Soweto and the Farraday Muti Market are all easily accessible from Johannesburg, and can be arranged through many different tour companies. Eshowe has a private airport, but you can fly into Durban International or Richards Bay Airport and drive the rest of the distance. You can get to Ficksburg by road, but there is also a charming train journey to the area.
What will it cost
Tours start from approx R235 per person.
A potion for love, wealth or happiness | <urn:uuid:ed0ed1ec-8150-4cb5-9d5f-2250d57d1842> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://country.southafrica.net/country/us/en/articles/entry/article-southafrica.net-visit-a-sangoma | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00039-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954466 | 518 | 1.890625 | 2 |
That didn’t take long.
The American Civil Liberties Union has filed a lawsuit on behalf of twenty-one Pennsylvanians, challenging the constitutionality of state laws that prevent them from marrying and do not recognize their out-of-state marriages.
The U.S. Supreme Court’s decision last month left in place a legal patchwork of laws nationwide which experts say represents the next round of same-sex marriage litigation.
The complaint filed today in Pennsylvania quotes from the Supreme Court’s June decision in United States v. Windsor, reading in part:
The exclusion from marriage undermines the plaintiff couples’ ability to achieve their life goals and dreams, threatens their mutual economic stability, and denies them ‘a dignity and status of immense import.’—United States v. Windsor, No. 12-307, Slip Op., at 18 (U.S. June 26, 2013).
That decision struck down a provision of the federal Defense of Marriage Act which barred same-sex couples from receiving federal benefits.
Various federal agencies rely on differing definitions of marriage, some rely on the rules of the state where a couple lives and others on the so-called “place of celebration” of their marriage.
The gay and lesbian couples represent a cross-section same-sex partners, hailing from Philadelphia, Downingtown, Bangor (north of Easton in Northampton County), Harrisburg, State College, and Pittsburgh.
They are, according to the complaint, Deb and Susan Whitewood, Fredia and Lynn Hurdle, Fernando Chang-Muy and Len Rieser, Dawn Plummer and Diana Poison, Angela Gillem and Gail Lloyd, and Ron Gebhardtsbauer and Greg Wright, who cannot marry under Pennsylvania law.
Additionally, plaintiffs Maureen Hennessey, Edwin Hill and David Palmer, Helena Miller and Dara Raspberry, Heather and Kath Poehler, and Marla Cattermole and Julia Lobur, whose marriages in other states are not recognized by the state of Pennsylvania.
“Like other couples who have made a lifetime commitment to each other, the plaintiff couples are spouses in every sense, except that Pennsylvania law says they cannot marry,” reads the document filed in court.
The ACLU is holding a press conference in Harrisburg this morning with its partners in the suit, the ACLU of Pennsylvania and Philadelphia-based law firm of Hangley Aronchick Segal Pudlin & Schiller.
Last week, Lambda Legal filed a new motion in New Jersey in the case of Garden State Equality et al. v. Dow, arguing that state’s civil unions are unconstitutional. Delaware began offering same-sex marriages on July 1. | <urn:uuid:dcc09e93-a196-4733-abf8-3d04bb97ba55> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://whyy.org/articles/gay-couples-file-suit-against-pennsylvania-over-same-sex-marriage-ban/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571502.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811194507-20220811224507-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.905014 | 648 | 1.875 | 2 |
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Bergeron, Y., P.J.H. Richard, C. Carcaillet, S. Gauthier, M. Flannigan, and Y.T. Prairie. 1998. Variability in fire frequency and forest composition in Canada's
southeastern boreal forest: a challenge for sustainable forest
management. Conservation Ecology [online] 2(2): . Available
from the Internet. URL: http://www.consecol.org/vol2/iss2/art6/
A version of this article in which text, figures, tables, and appendices are separate files may be found by following this link.
Insight, part of Special Feature on Sustainability and Resilience in Boreal Regions Variability in Fire Frequency and Forest Composition in Canada's Southeastern Boreal Forest: A Challenge for Sustainable Forest Management Yves Bergeron1, Pierre J.H. Richard2, Christopher Carcaillet2, Sylvie Gauthier3, Mike Flannigan,3 and Yves T. Prairie1
1Université du Québec à Montréal; 2Université de Montréal; 3Canadian Forest Service
Because some consequences of fire resemble the effects of industrial forest harvesting, forest management is often considered as a disturbance having effects similar to those of natural disturbances. Although the analogy between forest management and fire disturbance in boreal ecosystems has some merit, it is important to recognize that it has limitations. First, normal forest rotations truncate the natural forest stand age distribution and eliminate over-mature forests from the landscape. Second, in the boreal mixedwoods, natural forest dynamics following fire may involve a gradual replacement of stands of intolerant broadleaf species by mixedwood and then softwood stands, whereas current silvicultural practices promote successive rotations of similarly composed stands. Third, the large fluctuations observed in fire frequency during the Holocene limit the use of a single fire cycle to characterize natural fire regimes. Short fire cycles generally described for boreal ecosystems do not appear to be universal; rather, shifts between short and long fire cycles have been observed. These shifts imply important changes in forest composition at the landscape and regional levels. All of these factors create a natural variability in forest composition that should be maintained by forest managers concerned with the conservation of biodiversity. One avenue is to develop silvicultural techniques that maintain a spectrum of forest compositions over the landscape.
KEY WORDS: fire regime; boreal forest; mixedwood; holocene vegetation; sustainable forestry; management for biodiversity.
The forest industry is heading back to nature to find a way to reconcile economic fiber production with biodiversity (Kimmins 1992, Freedman et al. 1994, McKenney et al. 1994). One of the avenues being explored is the development of silvicultural systems that are inspired by, and closely resemble, natural ecosystem dynamics (Attiwill 1994, Galindo-Leal and Bunnell 1995, Bergeron and Harvey 1997). In the boreal forest, fire is the disturbance agent that has the greatest impact on forest dynamics (Engelmark et al. 1993). The North American boreal forest is generally characterized by relatively short fire cycles (50 250 yr) and stand-replacing fires (Heinselman 1981, Johnson 1992, Payette 1992). Because some consequences of fire resemble the effects of industrial forest harvesting, forest management is often considered as a disturbance having effects similar to those of natural disturbances.
Although the analogy between forest management and fire disturbance in boreal ecosystems has some merit, it is important to recognize that it also has limitations. The contrasting effects of fires and cutting on many ecosystem processes have already been raised (MacLean et al. 1983, Binkley and Richter 1987, Brais et al. 1995, Reich 1998). More recently, we have seen an interest in the important differences that exist, at the larger landscape scale, in the composition and structure of forest mosaics caused by fire and forest management regimes. This phenomenon takes on even greater importance for many organisms for which interventions at this scale determine habitat quality (Rolstad 1991, Franklin 1993). Boreal systems are intrinsically cyclic (Ludwig et al. 1997, Pastor et al., this issue), and the effect of forest management is often to decrease this natural variability. Using research results on natural disturbances and forest dynamics in Quebec's southern boreal mixedwoods, we describe in this paper three characteristics of boreal systems controlled by fire that contribute to increased variability. We then suggest several avenues that should be explored to develop silvicultural systems that are inspired by, and closely resemble, natural ecosystem dynamics. Although the general principles presented here can be extended to the boreal forest in general, the empirical results presented apply mainly to the southern part of Quebec's Clay belt.
In managed forests, forest rotation is determined primarily by the harvest age of stands. In a forest composed of even-aged stands, a normal forest structure occurs when all age classes of stands are evenly distributed over the territory. Thus, a normal forest having a rotation age of 100 yr would theoretically have an equal percentage of its land base in each age class between 0 and 100 yr (Fig.1a). In contrast, an area subjected to stand-replacing forest fires will have, at equilibrium, a completely different age class distribution. In effect, assuming that the probability of burning is independent of stand age (which is generally assumed in studies on the boreal forest; see Johnson 1992), the age class distribution of the burned area will follow a negative exponential distribution (Van Wagner 1978), with nearly 37% of the stands older than the fire cycle, that is, >100 yr old (Fig.1b). Fire may affect stands several times before their maturity, while allowing some stands to survive beyond 100 yr, whereas forest harvesting will only occur at stand maturity. Proportions of over-mature stands (> 100 yr old), and old growth (> 200 yr old) increase as the fire cycle lengthens (Fig. 2) and could cover an important proportion of the boreal forest landscape (see Variability in the Fire Cycles).
A natural chronosequence covering > 230 yr after fire have been reconstructed for Quebec's southern boreal forest using fire areas originating in different years (Bergeron and Dubuc 1989, Leduc et al. 1995). Fig. 3 summarizes natural succession for mesic, "mixedwood" (MacDonald 1995) sites. Intolerant hardwoods (trembling aspen and white birch) dominate the canopy during the first 100 yr. Stand breakup occurs gradually over a number of years. Following their mortality, a second cohort of hardwoods, as well as fir and white spruce recruited in the understory, attain the overstory to form mixedwood stands. Only after 200 yr, following mortality of the second and even third intolerant hardwood cohort, are stands dominated by softwood species. Natural dynamics can thus be schematized by successive cohorts of hardwood, mixedwood, and softwood dominance. In some respects, current silviculture practices ignore natural ecosystem dynamics. In Quebec, provincial silvicultural standards require that cutovers be regenerated to a hardwood and softwood stocking level similar or superior to preharvest levels. The consequence of this approach is that it imposes a cyclical rotation of similarly composed stands, whereas succession in the natural system generally involves a transition of stand types.
This lack of attention to natural dynamics is, in part, responsible for some of the forest renewal problems in the region. For example, the objective of regenerating softwood stands (on upland mixedwood sites) with softwood species often necessitates artificial regeneration and chemical or mechanical control of intolerant hardwoods. Plantation establishment, especially on mesic clay soils, is usually hindered by aggressive and abundant competition (Harvey et al. 1995). On the other hand, management that does not favor growth of advanced softwood regeneration in intolerant hardwood stands appears as a net loss (MacDonald 1995). In the longer term, static maintenance of hardwood or softwood stands could induce serious problems in site productivity. Conifer presence diminishes nutrient availability, and successive rotations could decrease yields (Pastor et al. 1987) In the same way, successive rotations of aspen, a high calcium-demanding species (Paré et al. 1993), could cause deficiencies in calcium and reduced productivity.
The few studies from Quebec's southwestern boreal forest have demonstrated the great variability in fire frequency and associated forest composition during the Holocene. Dendrochronological reconstructions of fire events over the last 300 yr in the Lake Duparquet area (Bergeron 1991, Dansereau and Bergeron 1993) showed a dramatic decrease in fire frequency during the 20th century. The fire cycle, estimated at 63 yr for the period before 1870, has continued to lengthen, and the last major fire occurred in 1944. This increase in the fire cycle appears to be due to a reduction in the frequency of drought events since the end of the Little Ice Age, about AD1850 (Bergeron and Archambault 1993). This climatically induced increase in the fire cycle appears to be a general phenomenon in the eastern boreal forest. Moreover, it supports simulations using the Canadian General Atmospheric Circulation Model that predict a decrease in forest fire activity, for this region, with future warming (Flannigan et al. 1998).
At a longer time scale, the stratigraphic analysis of microcharcoal in a laminated lake from the same area (C. Carcaillet, P. J. H. Richard, B. Fréchette, Y. Bergeron, S. Gauthier, and Y. Prairie, unpublished manuscript. Fig. 4) shows that the fire cycle has been variable throughout the Holocene around that lake. Preliminary analysis of the charcoal record yielded 34 local fire events, with widely varying fire intervals during the last 6700 yr over an equally varying, but generally increasing, background of charcoal abundance through time. Average fire intervals were longer (332 +/-195 yr, n = 14 fires) during the mid-Holocene than during the last 2100 yr (99 +/-53 yr, n = 20 fires). Changing the threshold value to pinpoint local fire events over the background (Fig. 4b) changes the number of fires identified, but the long-term structure of fire intervals remains unchanged.
Using the negative exponential distribution and the expected change in forest composition with age (see Fig. 3), Leduc et al. (1995) have predicted the landscape forest composition according to change in the fire cycle (Fig. 5). During short fire cycles (50 - 100 yr), the landscape is dominated by postfire species such as aspen, birch, or jack pine, whereas at very long fire cycles (> 300 yr), balsam fir, black spruce, and white cedar are dominant. Maximum landscape diversity is observed between these two extremes (Gauthier et al. 1996). Variations in fire cycles appear to explain some of the major vegetation changes observed during the Holocene. According to regional pollen analysis (Richard 1980), the longer fire interval observed in the mid-Holocene is associated with an exceptional abundance of white cedar, a late-successional species in the area (Fig.6). Shorter fire intervals (Fig. 5) may explain a recent increase in jack pine (Fig. 6). All species appear to be able to cope with the observed variability in the fire cycle, as is demonstrated by their constant abundance throughout the Holocene (Richard 1980, Liu 1990).
The three characteristics of naturally disturbed landscapes that we have discussed have important implications for developing silvicultural systems that are inspired by, and closely resemble, natural ecosystem dynamics. First, it must be recognized that normal forest rotations dramatically change the natural age distribution of the forest stand. This difference is fundamental because it implies, depending on age class distributions, either a loss of overmature stands, which may be essential for biodiversity maintenance, or inversely, fiber loss as a result of longer rotations. This dilemma is, however, not without a solution. In effect, silvicultural measures aimed at maintaining characteristics of overmature stands while maintaining economically viable forest rotations are possible. Second, natural forest dynamics following fire on mesic sites involve a gradual replacement of stands of intolerant broadleaf species by mixedwood and then softwood stands. Current silvicultural practices promote successive rotations of similarly composed stands.
More appropriate silvicultural approaches would favor species replacement by succession at the stand spatial scale, while maintaining a reasonable balance between hardwood and softwood stands at the landscape scale. Such a system is being tested in the Lake Duparquet Research and Teaching Forest, where a silvicultural strategy has been proposed that involves the use of clear-cutting and partial cutting on the same site, similar to the processes of stand reinitiation by fire and natural succession (Bergeron and Harvey 1997). Third, the large fluctuations observed in fire frequency during the Holocene limit the use of a single fire cycle to characterize natural fire regimes. Besides, the spatial variability of fire frequency at the scale of the entire Holocene is far from being appropriately assessed with the few microcharcoal analyses available. The short fire cycles generally described for boreal ecosystems do not appear to be universal; rather, shifts between short and long fire cycles have been observed. This naturally occurring variability should be maintained by forest managers by adopting silvicultural techniques that maintain a spectrum of forest compositions over the landscape.
One avenue is to try to maximize diversity at the landscape level. In the Quebec mixedwood forest, this would appear to be attained with a fire cycle between 100 and 200 yr (Fig. 5; see Gauthier et al. 1996). A more diverse landscape might be more resistant to disturbances (De Grandpré and Bergeron 1997) and could provide some flexibility in the event that targeted species composition has to be changed following change in climate or in management objectives.
It is theoretically possible to develop forest management systems that are inspired by natural disturbances. However, it is important to recognize that this approach cannot justify the even-aged, (relatively) short-rotation regime that is currently the standard of boreal forestry. Nature is more variable, and the maintenance of this variability should be a major objective of forest management. It is essential to go further and to attempt to reconstruct a forest mosaic that more closely resembles the natural composition. Although it is not possible nor desirable to perfectly mimic natural disturbances, strategies that preserve their associated processes and diversity should be implemented.
Responses to this article are invited. If accepted for publication, your response will be hyperlinked to the article. To submit a comment, follow this link. To read comments already accepted, follow this link.
This work is supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Network of Centres of Excellence in Sustainable Forest Management and by the Canadian Forest Service. The paper is a contribution of the Industrial Chair in Sustainable Forest Management of UQAM and UQAT. We thank Brian Harvey for his comments on a first draft of the manuscript.
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Bergeron, Y. 1991. The influence of island and mainland lakeshore landscapes on the boreal forest fire regimes. Ecology 72:1980-1992.
Bergeron, Y., and S. Archambault.1993. Decrease of forest fires in Quebec's southern boreal zone and its relation to global warming since the end of the Little Ice Age. The Holocene 3: 255-259.
Bergeron, Y., and M. Dubuc. 1989. Succession in the southern part of the Canadian boreal forest. Vegetatio 79: 51-63.
Bergeron, Y., and B. Harvey. 1997. Basing silviculture on natural ecosystem dynamics: an approach applied to the southern boreal mixedwood forest of Quebec. Forest Ecology and Management 92: 235-242.
Binkley, D., and D. Richter. 1987. Nutrient cycling and H+ budgets of forest ecosystems. Advances in Ecological Research 16: 1-51.
Brais, S., C. Camiré, and D. Paré. 1995. Impacts of whole-tree harvesting and winter windrowing on soil pH and base status of clayey sites of northwestern Quebec. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 25: 997-1007.
Dansereau, P. R., and Y. Bergeron. 1993. Fire history in the southern boreal forest of Quebec. Canadian Journal of Forest Research23: 25-32.
De Grandpré, L., and Y. Bergeron. 1997. Diversity and understory community stability following disturbance in the southern boreal forest. Journal of Ecology 85: 777-784.
Engelmark, O., R. Bradshaw, and Y. Bergeron. 1993. Disturbance dynamics in boreal forest. Opulus Press, Uppsala, Sweden.
Flannigan, M., Y. Bergeron, O. Engelmark, and M. Wotton. 1998. Future wildfire in circumboreal forests in relation to global warming. Journal of Vegetation Science 9: 469-476.
Franklin, J. F. 1993. Preserving biodiversity: species, ecosystems or landscapes. Ecological Applications 3: 202-205.
Freedman, B., S. Woodley, and J. Loo. 1994. Forestry practices and biodiversity, with particular reference to the Maritimes province of eastern Canada. Environmental Review 2: 33-77.
Galindo-Leal, C., and F. L. Bunnell. 1995. Ecosystem management: implications and opportunities of a new paradigm. Forestry Chronicle 71: 601-606.
Gauthier, S., A. Leduc, and Y. Bergeron. 1996. Forest dynamics modelling under a natural fire cycle: a tool to define natural mosaic diversity in forest management. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 39: 417-434.
Harvey, B., A. Leduc, and Y. Bergeron. 1995. Post-harvest succession in relation to site type in the southern boreal forest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 25:1658-1672.
Heinselman, M. L. 1981. Fire and succession in the conifer forests of North America. Pages 374 -406 in D. C. West, H. H. Shugart, and D. B. Botkin, editors. Forest succession: concepts and application. Springer-Verlag, New York, New York, USA.
Johnson, E. A. 1992. Fire and vegetation dynamics-studies from the North American boreal forest. Cambridge Studies in Ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
Kimmins, J. P. 1992. The ecosystem concept: the essential ecological foundation for sustainable forest management. Pages E1-E6 in Addendum to the Preprint Book of technical papers presented at the 73rd Woodlands Section Annual Meeting, Canadian Pulp and Paper Association, September 14-16, 1992, Penticton, Britiish Columbia, Canada.
Leduc, A., S. Gauthier, and Y. Bergeron. 1995. Prévision de la composition d'une mosaïque forestière naturelle soumise à un régime des feux: proposition d'un modèle empirique pour le nord-ouest du Québec. Pages 197-205 in G. Domon and J. Falardeau, editors. Méthodes et réalisations de l'écologie du paysage pour l'aménagement du territoire. Polyscience Publication, Morin Heights, Canada.
Liu, K.-B. 1990. Holocene paleoecology of the boreal forest and Great Lake-St. Lawrence forests in northern Ontario. Ecological Monographs 60: 179-212.
Ludwig, D., B. Walker, and C. S. Holling. 1997. Sustainability, stability, and resilience. Conservation Ecology [online]1(1): 7. Available from Internet. URL: http://www.consecol.org/vol1/iss1/art7
MacDonald, B. 1995. The case for boreal mixedwood management : an Ontario perspective. Forestry Chronicle 71: 725-734.
MacLean, D. A., S. J. Woodley, M. G. Weber, and R. W. Wein.1983. Fire and nutrient cycling. Pages 11-132 in R. W. Wein and D. A. MacLean, editors. The role of fire in northern circumpolar ecosystem. John Wiley, Toronto, Canada.
McKenney, D. W., R. A. Sims, F. E. Soulé, B. G. Mackey, and K. L. Campbell. 1994. Towards a set of biodiversity indicators for Canadian forests: Proceedings of a forest biodiversity indicators workshop. Nov. 29 - Dec. 1, 1993, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada.
Paré, D., Y. Bergeron, and C. Camiré. 1993. Changes in the forest floor of Canadian southern boreal forest after disturbance. Journal of Vegetation Science 3: 811-818.
Pastor, J., R. H. Gardner, V. H. Dale, and W. M. Post. 1987. Successional changes in nitrogen availability as a potential factor contributing to spruce declines in boreal North America. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17:1394-1400.
Payette, S. 1992. Fire as a controlling process in the North American boreal forest. Pages 144-169 in H. H. Shugart, R. Leemans, and G. B. Bonan, editors. A systems analysis of the boreal forest. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
Richard, P. J. H. 1980. Histoire postglaciaire de la végétation au sud du lac Abitibi, Ontario et Québec. Géographie physique et Quaternaire 34: 77-94.
Rolstad, J. 1991. Consequences of forest fragmentation for the dynamics of bird populations: conceptual issues and the evidence. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 42: 149-163.
Van Wagner, C. E. 1978. Age-class distribution and the forest fire cycle. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 8: 220-227.
Address of Correspondent:
Groupe de recherche en écologie forestière, Université du Québec à Montréal
CP 8888, Succursale A
Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3C 3P8
Phone: 514-987-3000 ext. 4872
*The copyright to this article passed from the Ecological Society of America to the Resilience Alliance on 1 January 2000.
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Fashion was never the Mahatma’s strong point
Emily Wax, Washington Post’s correspondent, files a story fresh off the latest shuttle flight from Mars. People in India, she finds, are neither wearing the homespun nor living the spartan lifestyle like the great father of their nation. Why, they are going for branded goods instead!
Sominism is spreading. It’s affecting another of America’s great newspapers.
Disregarding the Mahatma’s advice on personal lifestyle and economic development is neither new nor a bad thing. Apart from its political symbolism (and political atavism today) homespun never had popular appeal. Not even in the Mahatma’s days. In fact, Gandhi himself was a practical man. He excused Sarojini Naidu from wearing khadi sarees when she complained that they made her uncomfortable. [See “Clothing Matters: Dress & Identity in India“, by Emma Tarlo, on Google Books. Ms Tarlo writes that few young women in Gandhi’s ashram wore the austere colours the Mahatma advocated. And that Sarojini Naidu’s choice of dress was motivated by fashion.]
Indians, meanwhile, were nothing if not brand conscious. Like other members of the species. What has changed is that rising incomes have made the more expensive brands accessible to a lot more people. That’s cause for celebration. | <urn:uuid:068dfc2b-c10f-4a51-a3a4-dd393231d551> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://acorn.nationalinterest.in/tag/sominism/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00383-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962954 | 305 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Webology, Volume 1, Number 2, December, 2004
Web Search: Public Searching of the Web. Amanda Spink and Bernard J. Jansen. Published by Kluwer Academic Publishers, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 2004, XIII, 199 p., Hardcover, ISBN 1-4020-2268-9, 100.00 €.
If you would like to know how people usually search the web and what they mainly look for on this ocean of information, you need to review the research findings of a fairly new area of investigation which focuses on the user-oriented aspects of people's web-based information seeking patterns. This line of enquiry is related to three broader areas including information retrieval (IR), information seeking in context (ISIC), and human computer interaction (HCI).
A glance at the literature of these three areas shows that the number and the diversity of publications about different aspects of web searching have increased over the recent years. Up to now these publications have mainly appeared in journals or conference papers principally because web search research is a quite new area and the results of recent research firstly appear in these formats. Consequently, the lack of a book which entirely focuses on this issue was an evident gap in the literature body. Luckily, when "Web Search: Public Searching of the Web" written by Dr. Amanda Spink and Dr. Bernard J. Jansen was published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2004, this gap was partly filled. This book is one of the first texts in book format; perhaps the first one; which is exclusively on the subject of web search research.
The authors are well-known researchers in the area and they have already published many papers about their studies on web search research and this book also is mainly a collection of their studies' results between 1997 and 2004.
One of the explicit features of this book is its clear approach in addressing a specific aspect of web searching, which is the user side of this procedure. Web searching is a multifaceted issue and for that reason can be investigated based on different approaches. In fact, there are three key elements or three major levels which are involved in web searching procedure.
The first element is the technical side or software level of web searching that is the product of programmers and designers of search tools. The second part is the web contents which basically can be produced by almost anyone how have access to the web space and as a result, now, the web environment is the most heterogeneous source of information in the world. Eventually, the third key element is the web users that millions of them search the web everyday.
Research and practice on the first element (software level) is related to computer scientists and the second one (web contents) is primarily related to website designers and information providers. Research on the third element is a challenging research topic for information specialists including people who work in IR, ISIC and HCI areas. Research on the third element is a challenging task because it has its own complexities since this is associated to human mind and complex patters of human information seeking behaviours.
This book entirely focuses on the research on the third element and this is one the main outstanding features of the book as this line of enquiry has a short history and our knowledge about this area is still very limited. Therefore, publication of this book can be considered as a notable contribution in the area. In terms of the contents, "Web Search: Public Searching of the Web" is a selective collection of a number of studies on the user-oriented investigations addressing people interaction with web-based search tools.
The book consists of four sections including (1) the context of web search, (2) how people search the web, (3) subjects of web search and (4) conclusion: trends and future directions. The first section includes three chapters addressing a brief but informative introduction about the main involved elements of web search process and web search research including search engines mechanism, human computer interaction in web searching and research design in web search studies.
The second section also encompasses three chapters addressing three important aspects of public web searching procedure, which are search terms, search queries and search sessions. These three variables are the key elements in quantitative research on web searching. This section presents a number of detailed and large data sets from transaction logs of three major search engines to illustrate the most frequently occurring terms which people have used as keywords for searching the web. This section also is followed by presenting a deep analysis of public search terms and search queries to illustrate public trends on selecting search terms over a period of time.
The third section contains four chapters to present the results of research on the public major search topics. The last section includes only one brief chapter, which summarizes the key findings of the authors' studies and indicates the future lines of inquiry.
In general, this book provides the reader with an opportunity to learn more about the public search behaviour on the web based on some factual data collected through people interaction with some of the general search engines including AltaVista, AlltheWeb, Excite and AskJeeves.
The past research on web searching indicates that the majority of web users begin their search process through one of the conventional search engines. They usually search the web through the same search engines unless they find a more efficient one. Consequently, in order to illustrate a fairly realistic picture of web searching patterns, transaction logs of the search engines can be a reliable source of data. However, exploring public web searching patterns merely based on quantitative data of web searchers has its strengths and weaknesses. On the positive side, any set of this kind of data is rich, genuine and huge. It is genuine because it is collected through the real web search experiences and it is huge because the numbers of people who use these search tools are enormous. Furthermore, this data is a good representative of the current heterogeneity of the web users because different people from diverse categories use search engines and as a result the transaction data of these search tools represents a big variety of groups.
On the negative side, a large set of quantitative logs of the data cannot provides us with deep understanding of people information seeking pattern on the web. Logs just tell us what people actually do but, it dose not let us know what they really want to do or what they think about what they have done. In fact, by this method of data collection we are not able to find out about their intention, feeling and motivations. In order to fill this gap we need to carry out more qualitative research to answer those questions which remain unanswered in quantitative research.
"Web Search: Public Searching of the Web" mainly presents a quantitative approach of web search research, which is obviously an important fraction of this area of study. Nevertheless, if the book could cover more qualitative studies as well, it could help to increase the comprehensiveness of this book.
In terms of the writing style, this book has written in a very plain manner which seems easily understandable for readers. In conclusion, this is a very useful and reasonably comprehensive book for everyone who likes to know either how people search or what people mainly look for on the web. Also it would be very helpful for students who want to learn how researchers carry out studies to find out the answer of these questions. In the other word, the book not only presents a set of facts to answer these kinds of questions but also has an educational aspect in that it explains research methodology required for conducting web search research. | <urn:uuid:2f52eb79-54c5-49d2-beb3-274fc461c566> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.webology.org/2004/v1n2/bookreview1.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719041.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00167-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948187 | 1,519 | 2.203125 | 2 |
NNFCC Renewable Chemicals Factsheet: Lactic Acid
This factsheet gives an overview of the current and potential market for biorenewable lactic acid.
|Author||L Nattrass, Dr A Higson; NNFCC|
|Published||03 Feb 2010|
|Industry||Biorefining Biobased Products|
|Download||NNFCC Renewable Chemicals Factsheet: Lactic Acid (PDF, 134 kB)|
Lactic acid is a bulk chemical demonstrating strong market growth. Global production capacity is over 500,000 tonnes with current production between 300,000-400,000 tonnes per year.
This factsheet covers the current applications, potential market growth, production route from biomass, environmental performance and manufacturers of lactic acid.
Talk to the Experts
For business solutions call NNFCC on +44 (0)1904 435 182 or email email@example.com | <urn:uuid:0df98a47-f328-408e-85ba-12be4f58bac0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.nnfcc.co.uk/publications/nnfcc-renewable-chemicals-factsheet-lactic-acid | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00214-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.789158 | 198 | 1.773438 | 2 |
Your vote makes a difference only when it is pivotal. Now don’t worry, I am not bringing this up to sort through the tired old arguments about whether you should go to the polls today. You should! That settled, let’s talk about what it implies for how you should vote once you get there.
Because if your vote only makes a difference when it breaks a tie (or makes a tie), then when it comes time to decide how to vote, you might as well assume your vote will be pivotal. And ask yourself how would you vote if your vote was going to make or break a tie.
Be careful. This is not the same as the question “How would you vote if you were the dictator?” Indeed quite often your vote should not be the vote you would cast if yours was the only vote. That’s because when your vote is pivotal you learn something that a dictator doesn’t. You learn that all of the other voters were (almost) perfectly split and and that implies something very specific about the other voters and what they must know about the candidates (or propositions) on the ballot.
Quite often that information is crucial for determining how you want to vote. Let me give you a simple example. Judges are almost always re-elected. Pretty much the only time a judge is voted off the bench is if that judge is completely incompetent. Now you haven’t bothered to read anything about the judges on your ballot. You know nothing about them individually but you know that most judges are doing just fine and should be re-elected.
If you were the dictator (an uninformed dictator!) you would vote yes for every judge. But things turn completely upside-down in an election when you factor in the information you learn from your vote being pivotal. Since all competent judges are easily re-elected, the only way it could have happened that all the other voters are split is that this judge is not competent! Knowing that, and knowing that your vote will decide whether an incompetent judge is re-elected, you should vote no. Against every judge.
Now, the smart readers of this blog have already thought one step ahead and noticed that this logic is self-defeating. Because if everyone figured this out, then everyone is voting against every judge and then every judge is voted down, not just the incompetent ones. Here’s where the theory takes one of two paths, use your judgement.
First you might not believe that the electorate in general is as sophisticated as you are. The vast majority of voters don’t understand the logic of pivotalness and they are naively voting the way they would if they were dictators. In that case, the argument I have laid out works as written and you should vote against every judge.
On the other hand you might believe that a signifcant fraction of voters do understand the strategic subtleties of voting. Then we have an equilibrium to find. For starters we take as given that the judge himself and all of his friends will vote for him. So he has a head start. Now there’s a small group of do-gooders who have read up on this judge and know whether he is competent. They vote as if they are dictators, with good reason now because they are informed. They vote yes if he is competent and no if he is not.
The rest of us know nothing. Until, that is, we take into account what we can infer from being pivotal. And if it were just the informed and the judge’s friends who were voting then what we can infer is that enough of the informed are voting no to counteract the judge’s head start. That is, the judge is incompetent.
In equilibrium none of us uninformed voters vote yes. Because if any of us are voting yes, then effectively the judge has an even bigger head start and that makes it even worse news that the no votes caught up with the head start. But not all of us vote no. Some of us do, but most of us abstain. Enough of us that it remains a valid inference that a pivotal vote means that enough of the informed voted no to make it optimal for us to vote no.
This is the logic of The Swing Voter’s Curse. | <urn:uuid:d5bd953b-5115-44f9-87b4-b1b1cc2321c3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://cheaptalk.org/2010/11/01/how-should-you-vote/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280825.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00205-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.977528 | 878 | 2.171875 | 2 |
Bermuda Seed Planting Guide
Bermuda Seed Planting or Seeding Guide - Bermuda grass seed is one of the easiest species of grasses to establish from seed. Preparation of the seedbed is critical for a successful seeding experience. Bermuda seeds are very small and must not be planted deeper than 1/4 inch. Keeping the soil moist after applying the seed is crucial to prevent the seedlings from drying out.
- Remove old vegetation to prepare a clean seed bed.
- Lawns: use a De-Thatcher, Power Rake or Rota Tiller to kill/remove existing vegetation and prepare a clean seed bed.
- Pastures: use disc, Rota Tiller, Power Rake or any means to kill/remove existing vegetation and prepare a clean seedbed.
- Drag area to loosen and level any hard or uneven spots if needed.
- Apply fertilizer at 5 lbs. per 1000 sq. ft. for lawns or 250 lbs. per acre for pastures.
- Apply seed at 1-5 lbs. per 1000 sq. ft for lawns or 15-25 lbs. per acre for pastures.
- Drag, rake or roll to lightly cover the seed not deeper than 1/4 - 1/2 inch.
- Apply lawn irrigation for 30 minutes each evening until soil is damp and germination has occurred.
- Irrigate newly seeded lawns every other day until the grass reaches six inches.
- After the grass reaches six inches in height water three times a week if needed.
- Reapply fertilizer at 5 lbs per 1000 sq. ft. for lawns or 250 lbs. per acre at three months of age.
- Keep the grass mowed at 3-6 inches during the establishment process for lawns or 6-10 inches for pasture.
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The normal bermuda grass seeding rate is 1 to 2 pounds per 1,000 square feet. Spread the seed evenly using a mechanical spreader. Divide the seed into two equal parts and spread half in one direction and the other half at a right angle to the first direction. Rake or drag the soil to cover the seed to a depth of about ¼ inch. Then roll the area with a light-weight roller to ensure good seed/soil contact.
Should I put down Straw or Mulch? Applying one bale per 1,000 square feet of a straw mulch helps retain soil moisture for more rapid germination and reduces soil erosion.
The seed must be kept moist, so daily, light irrigation are needed for the first three weeks. Germination should occur in two weeks if the seeds are kept moist. As the seedlings develop, decrease the irrigation frequency and increase the amount of water applied until normal practices can be followed. The area should completely cover in six to eight weeks if properly maintained. Begin mowing at a height of 1 inch when the seedlings reach a height of 1.5 inches. Be sure the mower's blades are sharp, and do not mow when the grass and/or soil is wet. Weedy grasses, like crabgrass and goosegrass, can be controlled in the second year with applications of pre-emergence herbicides.
|There are no products to list in this category.| | <urn:uuid:f71be0fa-84e1-4871-bebe-c4ca22effc18> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://hancockseed.com/seed-varieties-241/bermuda-grass-seed-364/bermuda-seed-planting-guide-622/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00361-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.876269 | 714 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Journey to an Asteroid
The Orion CEV will create capabilites that have not existed since the time of Apollo. We have a Vision to reach the Moon, which humans first visited in 1969, and Mars someday after that. A huge number of strange new worlds are surprisingly close. NASA has been studying a mission to go where no one has gone before, to an asteroid.
In many ways an asteroid mission is even easier than reaching the Moon. Many asteroids pass nearly as close. Unlike the Moon or Mars, an asteroid does not have a big gravity well to descend into. Without even using a landing vehicle, an Orion could approach very close to an asteroid. The practical payoff could be enormous, because one of these Earth-crossers will someday hit the Earth!
Surprisingly little is known about the makeup of asteroids. The only "sample return" so far is from meteorites. Researchers are not sure whether they are solid objects or big rubble piles. That complicates any attempt to land on an asteroid or deflect it from Earth. Many asteroids are peanut-shaped, indicating that they are formed from two objects bumping into one another. Some asteroids may in fact be two objects orbiting closely around their common center of gravity.
The image of asteroids as big rocks may not be completely correct. The largest asteroid is Ceres, 580 kilometres in diameter. Observations recently published in NATURE suggest that Ceres may be largely made of water! It may contain even more water than the Earth. Water-asteroids striking the Earth may explain how we acquired water in the first place.
The best views of Ceres are from the Hubble Space Telescope. Though the view is fuzzy, Ceres has a mysterious bright spot. This looks a lot like the hot spot of Enceladus, a moon which contains water and is about the same size. Models of Ceres point to a differentiated interior, indicating an internal source of heat. Ceres may be considered a minor planet, with the same processes we have seen on other bodies. As with Enceladus, the interior of Ceres may be modelled with an internal singularity. | <urn:uuid:e426d25e-c471-4ec8-b6a4-cdaa04c3a45d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://riofriospacetime.blogspot.com/2007/01/journey-to-asteroid.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00229-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946305 | 428 | 4.03125 | 4 |
Google is planning to pay independent security researchers — no strings attached — to help find security vulnerabilities in its products.
Google's has had a "Security Rewards Program," which financially rewards security researchers who discover Google vulnerabilities, since 2010. This new program differs because the researchers are given the money before they even begin working, and there's no penalty for not finding anything.
As a bonus to the grant, researchers are still eligible for regular financial rewards if they do happen to disclose or fix a zero-day bug. The program is intended for Google's "top performing, frequent vulnerability researchers as well as invited experts," so this isn't aimed at amateur hackers. Google's treating the program as an experiment and is placing trust in the researchers based on their track records.
It's discouraging for top-notch researchers to get involved with the already-existing Security Rewards Program because — if they find nothing — there is no payout for their time. The grant system, called Vulnerability Research Grants, is meant to offer a better incentive to get involved with Google research, according to a blog post.
The awards range from $500 to $3,133.70. The grants cover different areas of research, such as newly launched products, for example. Google has instructions on its website for people interested in applying for funding. Google does not know how much money will ultimately be put into the project.
Google has given $4 million in rewards to researchers since the program started in 2010. In 2014 alone, Google doled out $1.5 million in rewards for bug disclosures.
As Google amped up security research over time, the company found it more difficult to discover security bugs. That could be because Google's security is getting better — or its not looking in the right places. This new project, in a sense, is Google's way of crowdsourcing for security help.
The company also announced that all of its apps available on Google Play and the App Store now fall under the scope of the rewards program.
Google touts online security as one of its major priorities, and not just internally. The tech giant has a dedicated initiative called Project Zero that exposes security problems in non-Google products, then notifies companies that they exist.
Project Zero has disclosed security flaws for big-name companies, such as Microsoft and Apple. Specifically, Microsoft has expressed public dissatisfaction with Project Zero, claiming that it sometimes seems as if it's more about "gotcha" publicity than actual security concerns. | <urn:uuid:b770aabe-4a0d-4a5c-a2b5-526621039a55> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://mashable.com/2015/01/30/google-vulnerability-research-grants/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00026-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965035 | 503 | 1.890625 | 2 |
Without compassion in your heart, all you have is ego, which both, directly and indirectly, harms all sentient beings, including those in this world and your country, and your own family: parents, companion, children and yourself. The more you can practice compassion, the greater will be the peace and happiness in your heart and in your life. ~ Kyabje Lama Zopa Rinpoche
This sailor is a Buddhism chaplain in the Navy serving all troops.
Read about how it all works serving and being Buddhist.
Namaste , Talon
In the Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha most excellent.
I take refuge until enlightenment is reached.
By the merit of generosity and other good deeds,
May I attain Buddhahood for the sake of all sentient beings!
~ Refuge Prayer
On life’s journey Faith is nourishment, virtuous deeds are a shelter, wisdom is the light by day and right mindfulness is the protection by night. If a man lives a pure life nothing can destroy him, If he has conquered greed nothing can limit his freedom.-Buddhist Quote | <urn:uuid:e97991ea-1709-4495-b073-ec4e03bdfc17> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://abuddhistsjourney.com/tag/virtuous-deeds/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00670.warc.gz | en | 0.9114 | 256 | 1.9375 | 2 |
- The institution evaluates the effectiveness of its distance
programs and uses the findings to improve the programs and services.
- The institution has a process in place to monitor and evaluate
the effectiveness of all aspects of its distance learning programs
on a regular basis.
- The evaluation results are used for continuous program improvement.
- Program evaluation procedures include a determination that distance learning programs result in learning outcomes appropriate to the rigor and breadth of the college degree or certificate awarded. | <urn:uuid:28081efc-643a-4e63-9680-d1e119ca6ad7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.highered.nysed.gov/ocue/ded/evaluation.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00546-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.891972 | 96 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Written by: Vivek Shraya
Illustrated by: Rajni Perera
For Ages: 2-8 years
Topics Covered: Gender Identity, Acceptance, Family, Indian Culture, POC-Centric Narratives.
Summary: This story is told by a narrator discovering his mother’s bindi, and becomes captivated by it. He asks for one, and his mother obliges. “As soon as it’s on, I feel so calm-like all the noise around is gone” and a deep sense of peace overcomes him. The book touches on Indian culture and the significance of a bindi. The narrator explains that a bindi is “like a third eye” that “keeps [them] true”. This book is a beautiful introduction to both acceptance of differences within a group or classroom, as well as an introduction to different cultures.
About the Author & the Illustrator:
Vivek Shraya is an artist whose body of work crosses the boundaries of music, literature, visual art, and film. Her album with Queer Songbook Orchestra, Part‑Time Woman, was included in CBC’s list of Best Canadian Albums of 2017, and her first book of poetry, even this page is white, won a 2017 Publisher Triangle Award. Her best-selling new book, I’m Afraid of Men, was heralded by Vanity Fairas “cultural rocket fuel.” She is one half of the music duo Too Attached and the founder of the publishing imprint VS. Books. A Polaris Music Prize nominee and four-time Lambda Literary Award finalist, Vivek was a 2016 Pride Toronto Grand Marshal, and has received honours from The Writers’ Trust of Canada and CBC’s Canada Reads. She is currently a director on the board of the Tegan and Sara Foundation and an Assistant Professor of Creative Writing at the University of Calgary.
Rajni Perera‘s art explores issues of hybridity, sacrilege, irreverence, the indexical sciences, ethnography, gender, sexuality, popular culture, deities, monsters and dream worlds. All of these themes marry in a newly objectified realm of mythical symbioses. They are flattened on the medium and made to act as her personal record of impossible discoveries. In her work, she seeks to open and reveal the dynamism of these icons, both scripturally existent, self-invented and externally defined. She is creating a subversive aesthetic that counteracts antiquated, oppressive discourse, and acts as a restorative force through which people can move outdated, repressive modes of being towards reclaiming their power. | <urn:uuid:43a1427c-4860-4fa0-8564-7dfd3f83b6cb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thetinyactivist.com/the-boy-the-bindi/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.963155 | 562 | 2.125 | 2 |
Published: 19 Jul 2016
A call from Queensland Labor MP Jo-Ann Miller for a Royal Commission into Black Lung disease has been welcomed in mining communities across the state as more workers get diagnosed, and the scourge of the resurgent deadly disease continues to spread.
CFMEU Mining and Energy Division Queensland District President Stephen Smyth said a full and independent Royal Commission was the only way to get to the bottom of the regulatory failures that allowed Black Lung disease to return.
“I welcome Jo-Ann Miller’s call for a Royal Commission into Black Lung disease, and hope that the government supports the workers by accepting her notice of motion,” Mr Smyth said.
“Only a Royal Commission, removed from interference of government, the bureaucracy, industry, and vested interests, can ensure that workers and the community get the answers they deserve about how Black Lung disease was able to return to Queensland coalmines on such a scale and with such devastating effect.”
“Questions need to be answered about the systemic failures of regulation and monitoring around dust levels in our mines and the botched assessment of thousands of medical records.”
Despite a National Senate Inquiry into Black Lung disease, and the Queensland Government’s Sims Review into the failure of the medical screening process, Mr Smyth said these investigations raised more questions than they answered.
“There hasn’t just been complacency on behalf of mining companies and regulators – there has been active and purposeful deceptive behaviour to cover up dodgy activities by a number of organisations and that needs to be revealed,” Mr Smyth said.
“What the previous reviews have shown is that there has been a cover up by mining companies to conceal how high dust levels are in their mines, and a refusal by government departments to act to ensure our coalmines are safe for workers.
“We need a Royal Commission to address the cover up that the union suspects has been going on since at least the early 1980s that saw up to 75 cases of Black Lung disease diagnosed but hidden from victims and only found 30 years later. We can’t let this happen again, or for more workers to suffer while those with the power to stop the problem get away with letting it continue.
“We need a Royal Commission and the Government needs to call one.” | <urn:uuid:46745979-e05e-4bd2-ad7d-08deb60b28fc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cfmeu.org.au/news/mineworkers-back-qld-mp%E2%80%99s-call-black-lung-royal-commission | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00471.warc.gz | en | 0.963619 | 480 | 1.898438 | 2 |
Sikaki was a skilled artist and artisan. With great expertise and interest, he made snch a nice and beautiful inkpot that it could be presented to The King. He expected that, appreciating his artistic skill, the king would encourage him as far as possible.
So, with countless hopes and thousand of desires, he presented that inkpot to the king. In the beginning the king was very impressed by his artistic skill but afterwards an unpleasant event occurred that caused an extraordinary change in Sikaki's life and way of thinking.
When the king was observing the skilled artistry of the beautiful inkpot and Sikaki was lost in the world of thoughts. The People informed that a scholar-literary person or jury is about to enter the court. As soon as the scholar entered, the king got so much absorbed in welcoming and talking to him that he forgot Sikaki and his skilled artistry. This incident caused an adverse and deep effect on the heart of Sikaki.
He realized that now he would not receive the encouragement he had expected and all his desires and hopes are useless now. But Sikaki’s high spirited mind did not allow him to be in peace, so he started thinking as to what should he do. He decided to do what the others have done and go on the same way that the others have gone (uptill now).
Therefore, he decided to search for his lost hopes in the world of knowledge, literature and books. Although for a wise man who has passed the days of his young age, it was not easy to study with young children and to start right from the preliminary stage.
But he did not have a choice . After all whenever the fish is taken out of water, it is fresh.
Worse than that, in the beginning he did not find any sort of interest in himself regarding reading and writing. Perhaps spending a long time in artistic works and handicraft was the reason for stagnancy in his scientific and literary talent. But neither his advanced age nor lack of capability, none of these could change his decision. With great enthusiasm and zeal for attaining knowledge, he strictly got busy with his studies until another incident occurred.
The teacher who was teaching him jurisprudence taught him this lesson. The teacher believes that the skin of a dog becomes clean after tanning." Sikaki repeated this sentence a lot of times so that at the time of examination he should be able to succeed. But
when he was asked to answer this question, he said, "The dog believes that the skin of a teacher becomes clean after tanning."
The audience upon hearing this answer started laughing. It was clear for everybody that this old man is absolutely incapable of reading and writing. After this incident Sikaki not only left the school, but he left the town and went towards the Jungle. By chance, he reached the foot of a mountain where he saw that the water is falling drop by drop from the top and due to the continuous filling of water, a hole had been formed in that hard stone.
He reflected for sometime. A good idea crossed his mind like lightning. And he said, "Maybe my heart is not ready to accept (knowledge) but it is not harder than this
stone. It is impossible that continuous studying and hard work would be ineffective."
Therefore, he came back and with hard work, he got busy in the attainment of
knowledge. As a result he was reckoned as one of the popular scholars of his time.
You never be too old to learn something new. - An Aged Student | <urn:uuid:fcf28d3b-ad13-4b49-a7cf-677ca7caed82> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.english-for-students.com/an-aged-student.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719908.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00158-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.987413 | 725 | 2.34375 | 2 |
Omihachiman is popularly known as a castle-town in the Shiga Prefecture. The quaint merchant town lined with temples and shrines, the Hachimanyama Castle, the Kawara museum and old-fashioned wooden houses of Omi merchants, together make it an important Cultural Landscape of Japan.
Hachiman-bori area is the most famous of all. Previously, it was a transport hub for ships with white-walled storehouses and houses the Kaewara Tile Museum. Boat cruises are available along the Hachoman-bori that will befriend you with the quaint charm.
You will be reminded of Venice if you happen to experience Suigo-Meguri, a cruise round the riverside district. A warm sunny winter afternoon is perfect for Suigo-Meguri. The cruise departs from a few places at Omihachiman city and you can cruise to the riverside district or Hachiman-bori.
Chomeiji Temple offers a beautiful view of Lake Biwa from the Bell Tower, located atop Mount Ikiya in Omihachiman. It is well-known as the 31st temple of 33 Saigoku Kannon Pilgrimage of Western Japan. The winding 808 stairs takes you to the top amidst picturesque tree-lined staircase of the beautiful forested mountain.
Kamo Shrine is recognized for its guardian deity nationwide. It is a shrine where one receives blessings to ward-off calamities related to direction, traffic safety, match-making and safe child-birth, by passing through the Kimon (demon's gate).
Yoshibue (reed pipe) Road
26.6-km long cycling road in colored in red running across Omihachiman, Azuchicho and Higashi Omi is a cyclists delight. Enjoy the Autumn-breeze, the Pre-Winter breeze or the Winter sunshine cycling along with a view of Lake Biwa.
A perfect get-away for a long weekend very near to Kyoto and Nara. Hope to see you basking in the sun and experiencing the best of Omihachiman.
Website: http://www.omi8.com/ (in Japanese) | <urn:uuid:192f8daf-d6ea-424b-aed7-9b91ffd226cd> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://taiken.co/single/bask-in-the-winter-sun-with-boating-excursions-at-omihachiman-shiga-prefecture | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00346-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.919486 | 452 | 1.710938 | 2 |
In the beginning of digital communication, press relied in fax devices to send and receive testimonies from the president campaign trail. American newspapers companies developed creating videotex systems, like the one designed by Viewtron, which later became a part of the Knight-Ridder multimedia company. Entrance and Mis Angeles’ Entrance also got videotex systems. These improvements accelerated newsroom efficiency. Mainly because these technologies started to be more sophisticated, the number of journalists reporting from https://cmdln.io/2021/02/28/antivirus-software-development the field increased, and many news businesses started to generate their own videotex systems.
Today, reporters and editors need to learn how to assist multimedia editing and enhancing software, also known as deals. They also need to understand basic camera techniques and proper lighting and framing. They need to also learn how to use postproduction programs to boost video and audio. Period management is essential in the modern world. With so various news outlets competing for the purpose of readers and marketers, digital information and period management has to be mastered. However the benefits of working together with digital journalists are well worth the troubles.
One major problem with digital media certainly is the tendency to delegate the editorial purpose to product teams. Item teams spend too much time taking care of content control systems and tools, rather than focusing on the newsroom objective. But absence of independence and responsibility has led various journalists to create a number of problems that infected their believability. While ignoring editorial decisions may result in a lack of reliability and a weakened brand, the time they preserve can be put in more upon developing and promoting content material that is tightly related to audiences. | <urn:uuid:ea4a7c64-7cd9-4cd7-b0d7-28622645aabb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bequip.in/digital-news-and-time-control/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.96026 | 340 | 2.328125 | 2 |
Main Cast: Rutger Hauer - Narrator
'Amchi' Rigzin Tondup
Screenplay: Bart van Broekhoven and Rigzin Tondup
Inspired by the book 'The Buddhist Way of Healing' by Dolkar Khangkar
Plot: Like Buddhism, the science of Tibetan Health is based upon the teachings of the Buddha.
This science was developed over many years according to the climate and food-habits of the Tibetans. It is practised by a handful of doctors, called ‘Amchis’.
In the treatment. the teachings of the Buddha play a crucial part. All suffering comes from the basic cause of disease: the ignorance of the mind. The medical teachings of the Buddha are grouped together in the medical handbook of the Amchi: 'The Four Medical Tantras'.
Amchi Rigzin Tondup inherited this book from his grand-grandfathers and still uses it as the basis for his work.
Cinematographer Bart van Broekhoven visited the doctor in his place of birth and work: Sumur, in Northern India. He focused on the work and character of Amchi Rigzin, to gain insights and share his knowledge about Tibetan Health.
Rigzin Tondup belongs to the 7th generation of doctors in his family. Driving a Toyota jeep, wearing fashionable sunglasses, being a man of the world, he is also giving the ‘Buddha’s Medicine’.
'Buddha's Medicine' was theatrically world-premiered during the 2008 'I've Seen Films' International Short Film Festival. | <urn:uuid:824ea312-1cce-4346-88dc-23b78a932a61> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.rutgerhauer.org/plots/buddha.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00458-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959198 | 340 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Last Updated on June 30, 2022 by Monica Nelson
If you’re looking for long-term weight loss, two factors must be on point: diet and exercise. A clean, whole-foods diet and a solid training program will provide your body with the substrates to ignite fat loss pathways and metabolic adaptations that support weight loss.
However, for people who struggle to lose weight and keep it off, diet and exercise aren’t enough—and that’s where supplements come into the picture.
While it’s widely accepted that caffeine can help torch calories and fat—hence why we see high-stim supplements everywhere—what if you’re sensitive to caffeine, or what if you’re not into the idea of lighting up your nervous system?
For anyone looking for actual results without the side effects of caffeine, this article is for you. We’ll cover the basics of caffeine and weight loss, why caffeine isn’t always the answer and the top reasons you should go for stim-free weight loss.
Caffeine And Weight Loss: What’s The Connection?
If there’s one ingredient widely used in fitness supplements, it’s caffeine—a central nervous system stimulant that’s proven to increase energy, boost fat oxidation, improve endurance, and increase speed and power . While there’s ample research that caffeine can improve exercise performance, what about its role in weight loss?
As a CNS stimulant, the most prominent role of caffeine is in arousal. The caffeine molecule is structurally similar to another molecule in the brain called adenosine, responsible for inducing drowsiness.
But because caffeine can loosely bind to adenosine receipts in the brain, it inhibits adenosine’s action and increases arousal . But it’s not all cognitive effects—studies show that caffeine may promote reductions in weight, BMI, and body fat percentage .
There are a few areas where caffeine may be helpful for weight loss:
- Speeds up metabolism: One study found that caffeine increased energy expenditure by about one calorie per mg of caffeine, equating to roughly 100 calories per day . Other studies suggest it significantly affects energy balance, may stimulate thermogenesis, and can increase calorie burn by 8-11% .
- Reduces perceived exertion during exercise: If you don’t feel tired at the gym, could you train harder and burn more? With a bit of caffeine, you might be able to. Studies suggest that 3mg of caffeine/kg body weight may reduce received exertion [6, 7].
- Increased fat burning during exercise: Knocking back some caffeine before a workout may not help you burn substantially more energy, but it does change what you burn. Generally speaking, the harder you work at the gym, the more carbs (glycogen) you’ll burn through, but studies find that 3mg of caffeine/kg body weight (the same amount to reduce RPE) can shift calorie burn more towards oxidizing fat and may increase the rate of fat burn relative to carb-burning . Instead of burning through stored carbohydrates, people who took caffeine before exercise burned through more stored fat.
- May prevent weight gain: If you’ve lost a significant amount of weight and aren’t interested in having it creep back on, a little caffeine may go a long way. While caffeine won’t cause weight gain without other lifestyle modifications, one study found that 5mg/kg of caffeine helped prevent women from re-gaining weight after weight loss .
The Downsides Of Caffeine
With all that said, there’s no concrete evidence that caffeine will support weight loss when combined with a good diet and training program, but it certainly can’t hurt. That said, the dose is important, as excessive amounts of caffeine can counteract all of your weight loss efforts.
The average person consumes about 300mg of caffeine daily from coffee and other caffeinated beverages, which equates to a venti Americano . But contrary to what most people think, long-term excessive caffeine intake can work against you if you’re trying to lose weight.
Large amounts of caffeine, and for some people even small quantities, can seriously damage your blood sugar. Five of seven studies looking at the acute effects of caffeine on insulin sensitivity and glucose control show that caffeine intake can cause blood glucose levels to rise—and stay high .
High blood sugar also leads to spikes in insulin; insulin is an anabolic hormone that signals fat storage, especially in the abdomen. Chronically elevated insulin can reduce insulin sensitivity and lead to a condition called insulin resistance. And because caffeine can make cells more insulin resistant, it can increase the risk of fat gain .
That said, these results are often dose-dependent. If you’re drinking a cup of coffee daily, it won’t do much damage. But if you’re knocking back six or seven per day, it can profoundly impact blood sugar and insulin.
3 Reasons To Go Stim-Free
When combined with a well-planned diet and training routine, non-stim fat burners may earn their place in your weight loss journey. That said, diet and exercise will always be the largest contributors, but foregoing the stimulant from a caffeine-free alternative may be more effective. Here’s why.
1. Reduces Sleep Disruptions
Sleep and weight loss go hand in hand. You can be doing everything else right—diet, exercise, stress, etc.—but if you’re not sleeping enough, you will not see the weight come off.
Because caffeine is a CNS stimulant with a half-life ranging from 1.5 to 9.5 hours, it interferes with circadian melatonin rhythms and can impair your ability to fall asleep . It’s also been shown to delay sleep onset and reduce sleep duration, efficiency, and satisfaction levels .
Sleep is one of the most important regulators of neuroendocrine function and glucose metabolism, and inadequate sleep can result in metabolic and endocrine alterations like poor glucose tolerance, decreased insulin sensitivity, high evening cortisol, increased levels of ghrelin, decreased levels of leptin, and increased hunger and appetite .
2. More Stable Energy
One of the big draws of caffeine for exercise performance and weight loss is its ability to increase arousal; it makes you more alert and more ready to get your sweat on. But if you’ve taken a hefty dose of caffeine pre-workout, you’re probably familiar with the post-workout effects: a severe crash.
But when you take the stimulant out of the equation and replace it with ingredients that naturally elevate energy without sending your body into overdrive, you get the same effect with none of the after-effects.
3. Amazing Results
If you think you can’t achieve the same results with a stim-free blend, think again. With a solid ingredient lineup like what’s in Burn Lab Pro, you really can’t go wrong:
- Forskolin: Promotes fat breakdown and utilization by activating adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and increasing the production of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL)
- HMB: A leucine metabolite with powerful anti-catabolic properties that helps burn fat while protecting lean muscle tissue
- Capsaicin: Stimulates thermogenesis to ramp up calorie burn and regulate appetite
- GTF Chromium: Enhance insulin sensitivity by binding to insulin and enhancing its action to regulate blood sugar and prevent fat storage
- Black pepper extract: Enhances metabolic performance and prevents fat gain by increasing the secretion of catecholamines and triggering thermogenesis in resting muscle tissue
These ingredients combine to increase fuel substrates to power active muscle tissues. They work synergistically to buffer muscles during intense activity, stimulate growth factors, and increase anabolic hormone secretion and muscle protein synthesis (MPS) after training to help muscles recover stronger and faster.
The result? More lean muscle mass and less fat mass. It’s the most effective way to lose weight, burn fat, and maintain your gains.
- Graham TE. Caffeine and exercise: metabolism, endurance and performance. Sports Med. 2001;31(11):785-807.
- Lazarus M, Shen HY, Cherasse Y, et al. Arousal effect of caffeine depends on adenosine A2A receptors in the shell of the nucleus accumbens. J Neurosci. 2011;31(27):10067-10075.
- Tabrizi R, Saneei P, Lankarani KB, et al. The effects of caffeine intake on weight loss: a systematic review and dos-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2019;59(16):2688-2696.
- Hursel R, Viechtbauer W, Dulloo AG, et al. The effects of catechin rich teas and caffeine on energy expenditure and fat oxidation: a meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2011;12(7):e573-e581. d
- Dulloo AG, Geissler CA, Horton T, Collins A, Miller DS. Normal caffeine consumption: influence on thermogenesis and daily energy expenditure in lean and postobese human volunteers. Am J Clin Nutr. 1989;49(1):44-50.
- Schubert MM, Hall S, Leveritt M, Grant G, Sabapathy S, Desbrow B. Caffeine consumption around an exercise bout: effects on energy expenditure, energy intake, and exercise enjoyment. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2014;117(7):745-754.
- Backhouse SH, Biddle SJ, Bishop NC, Williams C. Caffeine ingestion, affect and perceived exertion during prolonged cycling. Appetite. 2011;57(1):247-252.
- Gutiérrez-Hellín J, Del Coso J. Effects of p-Synephrine and Caffeine Ingestion on Substrate Oxidation during Exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2018;50(9):1899-1906.
- Davoodi SH, Hajimiresmaiel SJ, Ajami M, et al. Caffeine treatment prevented from weight regain after calorie shifting diet induced weight loss. Iran J Pharm Res. 2014;13(2):707-718.
- Shi X, Xue W, Liang S, Zhao J, Zhang X. Acute caffeine ingestion reduces insulin sensitivity in healthy subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr J. 2016;15(1):103.
- Dewar L, Heuberger R. The effect of acute caffeine intake on insulin sensitivity and glycemic control in people with diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2017;11 Suppl 2:S631-S635.
- Cherniack EP, Buslach N, Lee HF. The Potential Effects of Caffeinated Beverages on Insulin Sensitivity. J Am Coll Nutr. 2018;37(2):161-167.
- Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Military Nutrition Research. Caffeine for the Sustainment of Mental Task Performance: Formulations for Military Operations. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2001. 2, Pharmacology of Caffeine. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK223808/
- Burke TM, Markwald RR, McHill AW, et al. Effects of caffeine on the human circadian clock in vivo and in vitro. Sci Transl Med. 2015;7(305):305ra146.
- Beccuti G, Pannain S. Sleep and obesity. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2011;14(4):402-412. | <urn:uuid:8d1be915-d5bb-4818-8695-73485e53ad4f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.monicanelsonfitness.com/weight-loss-pills-without-caffeine/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00470.warc.gz | en | 0.852148 | 2,493 | 2.015625 | 2 |
If you or someone you love is having a hard time hearing, there are a number of solutions ranging from hearing aids to handy assisted listening devices to choose from. Here are some ways that can help promote better communications for seniors suffering from hearing loss.
Elderly individuals with permanent hearing loss may want to investigate their possibilities with hearing aids which are designed to receive specific frequencies and automatically adjust to volume levels. This makes daily life easier, especially in the realm of effective communication.
Personal Assisted Listening Devices
Often called personal sound amplification products (PSAPs), assisted listening devices work in a variety of ways and come in numerous design schemes. Some function in a way that allows them to serve as direct audio input aids that can be connected to music systems, TVs, microphones and other audio sources to boost their amplification levels.
There are also assisted listening devices that work as systems for concerts, theaters and in meetings. A mic-like device is placed near the sound source, and attendees wear personal hearing transceivers and earphones—a perfect solution for addressing many people at once.
This is another common employment method used in large spaces. ppc agency However, infra-red systems can be utilized independently or couple with a T-Switch and hearing aid for personal volume adjustment.
Mobile Phone Amplifying Devices
Many seniors routinely prefer to communicate via mobile phone, and thanks to loop-set devices they can do so anytime with ease. A wire loop connects to the mobile phone and wraps around the neck. The loop device itself transmits speech from mobile phones to a hearing device in the ear. These are great at reducing background noise for users with hearing aids that don’t feature multiple hearing environment settings.
With so many options available to help communications with the elderly, there’s no need to see a loved one struggle to hear and be heard. | <urn:uuid:db1c61d0-b831-4e23-91bc-c52bd26b56cc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.vexnews.com/solutions-for-communicating-to-seniors-with-hearing-loss/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.936827 | 389 | 2.34375 | 2 |
1. Malcolm X speaks : selected speeches and statements (edited
by George Breitman)
Grove Weidenfeld 1965
1. Discuss the importance of Muhammad Speaks Newspaper for the entire Black liberation movement.
2. Why did the Hon. Elijah Muhammad select Black cultural and left-wing
intellectuals to edit Muhammad Speaks after its first editor and founder Malcolm X (including Dan Burley, Richard Durham, John
Woodford, and Leon Forrest)?
3. What was the importance of the cartoons by Gerald 2X?
4. What role did distribution of Muhammad Speaks newspapers have for duties of members and for fund raising?
1. Askia Muhammad, Muhammad Speaks A Trailblazer in the newspaper industry
2. John Woodford, They Came to Bury The Black Press
3. Nation of Islam, Muhammad Speaks NEWSPAPER PROGRAM
4. Selected articles from Muhammad Speaks
5. Art Sears, “Malcolm X and the Press,” in Malcolm X: The Man and His Times
Ed. By John Henrik Clarke (1969, 1990) | <urn:uuid:67abcf7c-13f3-4020-97b5-d0240107076d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://brothermalcolm.net/sections/malcolm/sg5.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00031-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.828825 | 229 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Why did Manchester grow? 16th and 17th centuries, textile industries developed. 18th century developed as major industrial centre of the world with canals and manufacturing using stream power. Early part of 19th century, city as a place of total urban squalor, with major cholera epidemics in 1832.
Manchester in the early 20th century: 1901 - population reached 544,000. University opened in 1903.1907 - 1911 - many new garden housing areas were built.1930s - mass unemployment due to cheap labour overseas/mechanisation.Heavily bombed in WW2. Early 1960s - massive slum clearance replaced by high rise flats.
Mid 20th to early 21st century: Deindustrialisation led to decline leaving large areas of derelict land. Big music scene - Stone Roses/Happy Mondays. 1981 - Major inner city riots. 1991 - M60 planned as a complete ring road in the city. 1992 - first city to reintroduce trams. 1996 - Largest terrorist bomb ever exploded in city centre - much of the city had to be rebuilt. 1999 - 4800 residents attracted back to city living in warehouse conversions. 2002 - hosted Commonwealth Games.
Sustainable Regeneration of East Manchester
Comprises of 1000ha of land next to Manchester City Centre. Area was once centre of manufacturing industry producing much of the wealth responsible for the grwoth and prosperity of the city. 1970s - economic decline set in as area experienced deindustrialisation. 1990s - East Manchester became one of the most deprived areas in the UK.
1975 - 85 - 60% employment loss. 30% of population loss in the 1990s. Collapse of housing market. 20% of properties were vacant. Low skills base; people only trained for manufacturing. High crime/ poor wealth/poor community/retail facilities/infrastructure/environment/transport links. Fragile economic base. 52% of households recieved benefits.
East Manchester LTD 2000 - designated by government in 2000, one of first urban regeneration companies in UK. Working with local partnership organisations to produce plans to regenerate area. First plan - Regeneration Framework - 2000 - 2008. Successful in tackling some of the major issues facing E. Manchester. Second phase currently running until 2018.
First regeneration framework - saw building of 12,500 new homes. Sportcity. Public transport system, educational facilities, improved physical environment. The unemployed need to be retrained. Since 2000, projects created to improve literacy levels/IT skills. Work placements/apprenticeships have been made available, and many 100s of people have been retrained. Metrolink that opened in 1992 expanded into E. Manchester with new stations - easy access to retail/city. Bus services/footpaths/cycle ways improved/extended to promote sustainable transport.
East Manchester Regeneration
New Islington - area of redevelopment. 'Tutti Frutti' 'going green'
Manchester Commonwealth Games - 2002 - catalyst for redevelopment. Successful in maintaining the legacy of new sporting facilities and social, physical and economic regeneration. Largest multi - sport event to be held in England. 72 nations competed in 14 individual sports and team sports events.
Sportcity - One of most dramatic transformations in the area. Involved creation of EU's largest multi - sports complex. City of Manchester Stadium built to host Commonwealth Games in 02 and now home to Manchester City FC. Also outdoor/indoor athletics arenas/national squash centre and national cycling centre. 350 new apartments been constructed alongside the Ashton Canal.
Other World Class Venues - New aquatics centre in Pennigton Country Park can hold 4000 people and has 5 swimming pools. National Cycling Centre can seat 3,500 - home to GB cycling team. New projects like sportcity acted as catalyst for other regeneration projects within the city. Local businesses benefitted during Games events. However as well as the noise, overcrowding and increase in local taxes, the population did not feel ownership of the facilities, with many seeing them for the elite only. Games led to £570m direct investment into East Manchester and £600m invested creating approx. 20,000 jobs. Overall legacy has boosted its economy by about £18m a year.
Manchester Regeneration Continued
Salford Quays - West Manchester. Docks/industrial area. Dependent on Liverpool for imports from abroad. Decided they would build a canal alongside the River Mersey and bypass Liverpool altogether. Cost £15m took 6 years. 35 miles long. Opened in 1884.
Manchester Docks - Canal joined 4 main docks - became important in industrial development of Manchester. Cotton, lard, oranges, grain, chemicals, clay biggest imports. 1959 - Docks became 3rd largest in UK linked to Egypt, S. Africa, USA etc. Alongside this the first and one of the largest industrial estates was built. Trafford industrail estate has major companies on it like Proctor, Gamble and Kellogg's.
Oldest part of Manchester. Gentrified area. Key area in the industrial revolution. Bridgewater Canal - central. First canal of the country - 1761. Potato Wharf - docking area. Mock style buildings - red houses. 1830 - railway line built to cater to demands. Metro. 1950s - 60s - declined. Deindustrialisation due to types of goods that were imported; weren't desirable. Isolated location. Weren't built for container ships. Poor infrastructure. High unemployment/derelict buildings/unclean canals.
Renewal and gentrification: 1982: government labelled area as first urban heritage park in the country; brought funding. Usually given to areas which were being gentrified; much more restricted. Listed buildings. Didn't work. 1985 - changed into an urban development corporation. £10m from EU, £50m from Manchester City Council and central government. Successfulness depended on tourism, employment, housing workers so they don't have to commute - otherwise leads to donut effect.Ampitheatre - connection to Roman past - outdoor space/summer shows. Bridge - listed building; for sale, structurally not safe. Listed buildings restricted/limited/more expensive. Urban beach by canal. Bars/restaurants. Music culture plays big part - recording studios. Quaternary/tertiary industry. More successful than Gas Street Basin; more green spaces. Area for eating out - quite, seasonal, canals cleaned in the summer. Roman tower heritage part of Manchester. More attractive in evenings.
Fieldwork - questionnaire - commuting distance/ environmental survey - building design/ Pedestrian count - different times, donut effect,evenings, bars, housing/building survey - annotated photograph/ Crime rate/land use map - label buildings, functions/how many live in the area/compare with past - census records/ oral history.
Heavily redeveloped. Used to be for textiles. Only completed in last year. Science and industry museum. financial district. Rebuilt quarter. Like Brindley Place but bigger. Businesses - land use. Restaurants - types of people they're aimed at. Buildings often multiple use. Modern buildings - fit in with each other more; wouldn't be dated in 50 years. Green space/open. Lunch places/ designer shops/ Manchester Crown Court/accountancy ferms/
'Something for Everyone.' Taster sessions for the public. Facilities good - hold badminton/basketball - versatile. Popular junior club - gives children skills/enjoyment. Hold big events which are widely recognised. Manchester's bid for 2000 Olympics. Opened in 1994. 1996 - busiest. Cater for clubs/hen/stag nights. 3150 seats/10 badminton courts/boxing and wrestling/rock concerts. Always been defect - 1996 - £200,000. More success = less deficit. Team GB - £250 an hour..
BMX - funding from Manchester council etc. Budget - £24m outside - public realm area links to metro station/velopark. £19m on building. International standard. Deprivation combat - urban expression on Saturday night - graffitti artists/scooters/skates attracts 75 - 100 locals. Sport England funding and UK sport. Velodrome sat on disused coal fire station. Catalyst for all other regeneration - helped win bid for Commonwealth Games.
MCFC regeneration. New 6th form college built - owned by owners of FC. 1902 - backstreet stadium - Man U. Moved from 19 - 55 staff. New cafe. £30,000 on tarmac.
Commonwealth Games in 2002 - Manchester's biggest event. Olympics 3 times bigger. Most successful example of leaving legacy. Sports and events venue. Bigger in size than 10 years ago. Retail centre. Partnership agreements - ete ad stadium opened in 2003; change in capacity. Home of MCFC. FC with temporary athletics use. Biggest events - concerts, commercially huge.
Manchester Regional Arena - warm up facility for athletes in 02. Opened in 04. Parolympic world cup. Wheelchair basketball. Extensive community programme. National Squash Arena. Institute of Sport. Manchester Tennis Centre - 6 indoor courts.
Velodrome - oldest in Sport City. Built for Olympic bid. 400 events a year. 4.5m visitors. Opened in 02 - Asda - 60,000 new jobs. 2002 - first year in over 100 when there was positive population growth in East Manchester. Old site - Bradford colliery closed in 1968. Gas industry big. 400 years of coal industry. New academy complex in MFC. 1998 - site was derelict. 1975 - 85 - peak period of decline. housing market collapsed. 30min walk from city of Manchester - huge advantage. New employment. Commonwealth Games one programme in a very hollistic programme of regeneration.
Velopark - cycling disciplines using green park. Light rail - transport links - live by end of 2012. East carpark - major casino led development worth £276m. Hotel accomadation/offices. Scheme collapsed as Brown withdrew support. Former Clayton Annalyee site - removing foundations/mix shafts to construct training complex in Jan. 2013.
Population peak for East Manchester end of 19th century - housing in localised areas - demolished by 1980s. New East Manchester Regeneration Company; bringing new population to the city. Housing schemes going through. Want more students to stay in Manchester - bring in more stability. 550 new homes in Beswick.
2008- World Squash Championships. Can easily be adapted. Available for everyone to use. Open to public. Indoor arena. 'No white elephants,' everything utilised after Commonwealth Games. Bike shows/music venue/thai festivals. English Institute of Sport - elite athletic/cycling people. UK athletics based.
Manchester Athletics Arena - warm up track for Games. Athletics track taken out of main stadium to add in 10,000 seats. Clash with football/athletics Man C. now gone to another stadium. Athletics/football events have minimum attendance. Contribute to community - glowworld. Funded by sports England and city council. Created 6,500 jobs from Commonwealth Central Park/restaurant. Supercasino now there for future developments; now looking like hotel/restaurants/retail 'las vegas' feel. House prices risen.
At one stage, biggest shopping centre in the country. Opened in 1998. 27 months to build. Built on M60 - orbital motorway - 45min drive of Trafford Centre - 43 miles. 280 shops. 2000 free car parking spaces. 20 screen cinema. Themed eating areas. Eating area; orient - 1600 seats. 25 restaurants. 7000 employed including 160 cleaners.
Background - On Trafford industrial estate. Wanted to make a statement - domes lit up O.T.T. Classical Roman. Bypasses the shipcanal. Plans first put in 1986 but kept getting rejected. Took 10 years from proposal - traffic constant problem; orbital motorway not completed, retail impact on city centre, could have created jobs through industry instead. Created because of the Manchester bomb in CBD - redeveloped this too. Use of 3,000 construction workers from North West.
General - £600m - has its own electricity supply. Selfridges/John Lewis. Never been connected to the Metro Link - too far away. Idea of metro is to make CBD successful not Trafford Centre. Although connected by bus.85% come by car. Family leisure experience - creche. Dodgems. Inside - grand design. Casino style.
Restaurants/hotels/housing. Manufacturing industry. Connected to Trafford industrial estate. Renovated from 1985 onwards. Block paving, areas of grass, hear the birds (!). Helixer - oxygen - canal water. High end housing desirable. Prices cheap. Much more open than Castle Fields. Link to Metro. Big office spaces. Watersports in the canal. Leisure facilities. Eating out places. 6 hotels. Boat keeping. Lots of seating - wide promenade on waters edge. 3 story houses. Apartments. Bringing in more affordable housing. BBC. Sustainable - not many cars - metro; accessible. 3 big bridges. Keeping things that show the heritage - kept swing bridge. Lowry- chimney; smoke. BBC sport. Decentralisation. Spaces. ITV building. Street furniture - imperial war museum. Famous for design.
Fieldwork - Before/after archive photos. Oral history. Pedestrian count. Building survey - prices of houses; mixture of houses. Land use map. Environmental survey. Water canal - compare to ship canal; been damned off to create basins. Wildlife.
Tertiary jobs - office. Flagship developments - Lowry/BBC. Questionnairre. Connected to CBD. Designer outlet. Flagship projects - building quality.
Secondary Data - Crime rates - not a lot to go on in the past. Leaflets. Office of National Statistics - deprivation/employment figures. Ordinance Survey - website.Articles - time of closure etc. Open water swimming.
Salford Quays - Imperial War Museum/Lowry
Imperial War Museum - Wide demographic of visitors. Daniel Libeskind - prolific architect. Globe shattered by conflict - up to interpretation; metaphorical/environmental. Air shards - war in air/optical illusions. Disorientation. Low ceiling. Opened in 2002 - different landscape then. Separate to central area - connection to WW1. Parts of lancaster bombers made near. Manchester ship canal build before - 1888- 1893. Bridge, Trafford Park. Past importance. Cade - trying to fit in with building's surroundings; common themes. Also cinema - Big Picture.
Lowry - Designed by Michael Wilford. Like oceanliner. Purple/orange/green. Art centre - minor part. Theatre. Outlet mall. Lowry came from Salford. | <urn:uuid:d5b173c3-e7df-482d-9bed-c351734cb473> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://getrevising.co.uk/revision-cards/manchester_edexcel_geography_unit_2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719136.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00466-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.913039 | 3,069 | 3.25 | 3 |
Gauss, the leader in AI-enabled surgical applications, announced that it will preview its AI-powered, iPhone-based sponge counting solution at this week’s OR Manager Conference in New Orleans. The company plans to make the new iPhone application, Triton Count, available as an over-the-air upgrade to its Triton surgical safety platform. Gauss will offer hands-on demonstrations of the new application, as well as its Triton OR surgical blood loss monitoring solution, at booth #861 during exhibit hours on Wednesday, September 18 and Thursday, September 19.
Retained surgical items (RSIs) occur in approximately 1 of every 5,500 surgeries.(1) Sponges account for between 48-69% of retained surgical items.(2) Retained sponges can result in serious complications ranging from infection to death, and often require costly interventions including reoperation, readmission and prolonged hospital stay. (3) The Association of periOperative Registered Nurses (AORN) recommends hospitals implement “standardized, transparent, verifiable, reliable practices” and suggests that “in addition to manual counts, the use of adjunct technologies provides additional support in the prevention of RSIs.”(4)
Triton Count is the latest AI-enabled application for the Triton surgical safety platform and enables surgical teams to leverage the same iOS device for both blood loss monitoring and sponge counting during surgery. Triton Count is designed to reinforce a consistent process for surgical sponge counting and uses computer vision and deep learning algorithms to reconcile sponges counted in and counted out during surgery. Unlike existing sponge counting and detection technologies, Triton Count is compatible with standard surgical laparotomy pads and dressings, and does not require hospitals to purchase more expensive, proprietary sponges.
“We are excited to preview Triton Count at OR Manager, the premier educational conference for perioperative leaders focused on management of the surgical suite,” said Siddarth Satish, founder and chief executive officer of Gauss. “This new application extends the capabilities of the Triton platform to power surgical safety protocols for surgical sponge counting in addition to our widely adopted platform for intraoperative blood management and hemorrhage response.” | <urn:uuid:69d51cc7-3f7e-4d92-a0df-4a49cec0a0b8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://memorialcareinnovationfund.com/gauss-to-preview-ai-powered-iphone-application-for-sponge-counting-at-or-manager-conference/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.949496 | 465 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Looking for an A3 Problem Solving Template?
Why not just use a blank piece of paper?!
Keep reading, there's some links to templates below ;)
Many of the best A3's are written from scratch, with no fancy computers. I find that when I need to draw little graphs, flow charts and arrows, nothing beats a pencil and an eraser. Sure, you can power up your desk top, size an appropriate excel or Visio sheet, add diagrams and text, but if it's a race, I'll beat you with my pencil!
For me, a computer generated A3 is a good example of Overproduction, one of the Lean 8 Wastes, but there are times when a template does come in handy, especially as a quick handout to those new to lean.
|A3 Problem Solving Template?|
If you've never heard of an A3 and you have no idea what I'm talking about, I will describe one as succinctly as possible. For that is the purpose of an A3, to summarize your problem or project on a single sheet of paper. The A3 refers to the size of the paper (a Japanese or European size very close to an American 11 x 17). Since many problems can be quite complicated, the challenge of an A3 is to present the material as clearly as possible; short and to the point, i.e. succinctly.
An A3 makes a great presentation tool to describe your problem or plan to others. However, this tool has evolved over many years to become more than just a presentation aid. The A3 has become a problem solving method that stands on it's own. In fact entire books have been written about it, like Art Smalley's: Understanding A3 Thinking: A Critical Component of Toyota's PDCA Management System.
How does the A3 report become a problem solving technique exactly?
Here's where a template comes into play. An A3 contains certain critical information. There's a problem statement, and there's a current condition analysis. Then there's a planning section, with future condition goals. Finally, the action steps are lists. Now, no two A3's are identical and many list points differently, but the main idea is that this single page document creates a plan for a specific problem. It becomes a strategy map that can be referred to and keep the team focused on a goal.
Developing an A3 requires you to do some research to find out what exactly the basic problem and current situation is. Following the A3 steps ensures you keep on track to reach your goal of solving the problem. And that's where templates can be handy. The template is a guide to make sure you've covered all your bases. An A3 template can be a training tool to help you understand the A3 process. What are the steps? What information do you need? What is important and what can you leave for later?
Also, if you have a record of past situations and and problems, you'll be able to look back to
see how you were able to solve these issues using the A3 templates and similar problem solving techniques you may have tried in the past.
For some great examples of A3's, check out the A3 dojo at lean.org.
Download some A3 Problem Solving Templates below:
Since every problem is different, there are several basic A3 templates.
I found a bunch of different A3 templates on the Oakland University website, home of the Pawley Lean Institute. There's a basic A3 Report template, with prompts, for reminding you what to put in each section. Then there's two other A3 templates, one with six headings and prompts and one with seven headings that's blank.
Since the template really consists of just a bunch of headings, you will likely be working on your own blank paper. You can use the A3 with prompts to remind you of the information required, and space your own headings accordingly, depending on how much text you're putting in each section.
As a general rule, the current condition is written on the left and the countermeasures and future condition on the right.
Click here to get your A3 problem solving templates from the Pawley Lean Institute.
I've added these A3 templates to my list of helpful lean tools and downloads.
Remember to head over introduce yourself on my page designed specifically for YOUR self-promotion! | <urn:uuid:da7486d6-a198-428e-8f11-cbee72a2665d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.leansimulations.org/2012/01/a3-problem-solving-template.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00274-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948765 | 914 | 2.484375 | 2 |
CurePSP is the leading nonprofit organization working to improve awareness, education, care and cure for devastating prime of life neurodegenerative diseases. These include progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), multiple system atrophy (MSA) and others.
They often strike when people have careers, family responsibilities and active lives. Their symptoms are incapacitating and there are no known causes, treatments or cures.
Research has shown that there are important links between prime of life diseases and more common neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Your support will help advance this research, provide resources for families and caregivers of patients and better educate the healthcare community. Together we are unlocking the secrets of brain disease.
CurePSP is a not-for-profit 501(c)(3) organization. Gifts and pledges of support are encouraged and donations are tax deductible to the extent allowed by law.
CurePSP currently focuses primarily on three prime of life neurodegenerative diseases:
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP)
Affects roughly 17,500 people in the United States, only 25% of whom are accurately diagnosed. Symptoms include loss of balance, changes in personality, weakened downward eye movements, slurred speech and difficulty swallowing.
Corticobasal degeneration (CBD)
Affects 2,000-3,000 people in the United States, only 25% of whom are accurately diagnosed. Symptoms include difficulty with balance and speech, stiffness or clumsiness in upper or lower extremities and dementia.
Multiple system atrophy (MSA)
Affects roughly 13,000 people in the United States, only 25% of whom are accurately diagnosed. Symptoms include excessive changes in blood pressure when altering position (sitting, standing, lying down); impaired speech; and difficulty swallowing, breathing and eating.
All diseases lead to progressive decline, and although symptomatic treatment exists,
there is no known cause or cure.
CurePSP strives to provide those in need with support and hope. We encourage and organize activities that foster face-to-face communication and exchange while providing comfort and mutual benefit to those who are caregivers, family members, friends and patients with PSP, CBD, MSA and other prime of life diseases.
Our face-to-face support groups span the U.S. and are expanding in many more metropolitan areas. In addition to those groups, CurePSP maintains a directory of peer supporters – volunteers who are available to offer support by phone or email.
We provide training and ongoing support for these generous and committed volunteers.
The organization holds annual family conferences in different locations across the United States that provide patients and families with the opportunity to learn about the diseases, find ways to manage their difficult challenges and connect with others who are also struggling with the diseases.
Volunteers are an essential part of CurePSP. Their input and energy help us expand the services we offer and the geographical areas we reach.
Raising awareness about the diseases and educating the public is a top priority. We supply up-to-date information about PSP, CBD and MSA to patients, caregivers and healthcare professionals. CurePSP uses its website and social media pages to keep the community informed about the latest news and to encourage discussion. CurePSP’s Guide for People Living with PSP, CBD and Related Brain Diseases is a major resource to help patients and their families manage the challenges of these diseases. CurePSP also hosts free webinars on numerous topics and maintains a large library of content available at any time. CurePSP’s first affiliate, CurePSP Canada, also assists Canadians afflicted with the diseases.
Many patients struggle to receive an accurate diagnosis. CurePSP strives to better educate healthcare professionals by developing training material, tools to aid diagnosis and other resources so that patients and their families will receive better care and symptom management.
Advocating for those with prime of life neurodegenerative diseases will lead to better policymaking. CurePSP actively works with governmental agencies and the pharmaceutical industry on behalf of patient and caregiver needs.
CurePSP devotes significant funding to research. This research has three goals:
- Identify the cause and development of PSP, CBD, MSA and other prime of life diseases;
- Develop practical diagnostic tests that would be effective in the early stages of the diseases;
- Develop treatments that will prevent, slow, halt or even reverse the progression of the diseases.
CurePSP funds a variety of research programs in tau immune therapy, genetics, stem-cell applications and other important areas. The Eloise H. Troxel Memorial Brain Bank at the Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, Florida, supported by CurePSP, provides researchers with essential brain tissue samples. Our Patient Engagement Program (PEP) aids the clinical trials that are essential to bringing drugs to market.
CurePSP’s Venture Grants open up new avenues of exploration by providing “seed capital” to investigators with exciting new ideas. Programs supported by CurePSP may eventually lead to treatment and cure. | <urn:uuid:8e4bd9b3-681d-4268-b42f-dec30344795b> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.psp.org/about-curepsp/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719465.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00097-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.935954 | 1,075 | 1.75 | 2 |
Glass Ionomer Cement
First available in the early 1970s, glass ionomer cements are a highly versatile type of filling. They may be used as a cement for gluing in crowns, as a base under other filling types or an aesthetic restoration in itself. GICs have moderately-good aesthetics, maintain tooth structure and assist in the process of remineralisation.
Like our saliva, GICs contain mineral ions that can be exchanged in and out of the tooth structure. Minerals from GICs diffuse into the tooth structure and form a chemical bond to dentine and enamel. In this way, they are one of the few biologically active fillings. Fluoride and other tooth-strengthening mineral ions inactivate bacteria and soothe the pulp of the tooth in deep fillings. The exchange of ions also allows tooth, previously softened by decay, to re-harden. In contrast, an inert filling like composite or amalgam does nothing to change the tooth structure under the filling and requires all soften tooth, as well as decay to be cut out. GIC acts like a reservoir or sponge; minerals that are leached out can later be recharged by brushing with fluoride toothpaste. Plaque bacteria are unable to grow well on the surface of GICs. GICs are compatible with gum tissue (due to the lack of plaque) so can be placed close to gumlines. One disadvantage of GICs is that they are relatively soft, and can wear down or dissolve over many years. They are also brittle and may fracture if placed on a corner. Due to this, we at Cornerstone dental use GICs on small fillings not under biting stresses, under most composite fillings as a sandwich fillings and on sides of teeth. They may also function as temporary fillings.
Glass ionomer is a water-based cement. It is formed from the reaction of an acid (polyalkenoic acid) with a powdered glass base (including fluoride, calcium or strontium aluminosilicate). When the dentist is ready to use this material, the tooth is first conditioned, and an assistant will mix a capsule containing the filling’s components into a tooth-coloured putty.
‘Fuji VII’, ‘Riva Protect’
This is a high fluoride releasing filling material that allows enhanced remineralisation of surrounding tooth structure. It is more of a solid white colour, so it useful as a base under deep fillings, fissure sealants, and temporary fillings to stabilize decay when many teeth are involved. It may also prevent plaque from growing around the filling itself. A pink-coloured form of this filling has added pigments that makes it heat up and set faster under blue light.
Glass ionomer is one of the best materials for a tooth with minor first-time decay on the biting surfaces. | <urn:uuid:aba9acea-fc77-489e-ab0c-e7b804b46a58> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.cornerstonedental.com.au/our-services/fillings-decay-or-broken-teeth/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.939252 | 597 | 2.890625 | 3 |
USDA-approved homes for sale can be found by visiting the USDA Rural Development/Farm Service Agency Resales website and conducting a search using the State and County options to narrow down the results. Boundaries for USDA-eligible homes can be found using the USDA's Property Eligibility search.Continue Reading
While the USDA Rural Development/Farm Service Agency Resales website shows USDA-approved homes for sale by the Federal Government, using the USDA's Property Eligibility search shows the locational boundaries that homes must be located within to be eligible for USDA approval. Using this boundary map, a prospective buyer can determine whether homes listed on the Multiple Listing Service or other for sale listing directories are within the eligibility boundaries for USDA approval.
USDA approval of homes refers to a home's eligibility for government loans and grants, not the home's degree of habitability or ability to function as an agricultural property. Most homes eligible for USDA approval are found far from populated, urban areas; most are located in rural areas with lower population densities and more agricultural activity. The boundaries marked by the USDA generally exclude suburban and urban areas. The USDA loan program helps low-income individuals and families to afford USDA-approved properties for living and agricultural/business use.Learn more about Finding a Home | <urn:uuid:8a246338-8b3a-4bbf-855b-9b798e7af4af> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.reference.com/business-finance/can-usda-approved-homes-sale-eeb341d5d6cbf3db | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00495-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.910093 | 257 | 1.867188 | 2 |
*Announcement* The Council for Logo & Technology in Mathematics Education (better known as CLIME) will be holding its 9th annual meeting during the Boston/NCTM.
Time: Thursday, April 6th, 4:30-6:30 PM Place: Sheraton Gardner Room (A & B)
CLIME's mission is to support and faciliate the effective use of technology in mathematics education. It is the only technology oriented affiliate group of NCTM.
The agenda for the meeting includes :
***Presentations*** *John Olive (U. of Georgia) - The use of the Internet in the Math Classroom *Chris Hancock (TERC) - Data analysis with the new dynamic database program "Tabletop" *Ihor Charischak (Stevens Institute of Technology) - The use of spreadsheets in prealgebra and algebra
***Two Video classroom vignettes*** *Robert Berkman (Bank Street School, New York, NY) leads his 7th grade class in exploring random events with Logo Software and spreadsheets (His lesson was recently discussed in an issue of "Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School". Jan.-Mar. 1995) *Toby Caplin (Graham & Parks School, Cambridge MA) uses an inquiry learning strategy with her 6th graders to explore the area of triangles with the software program - Geometry Inventor.
***Discussion*** *Affiliate group matters, election of officers and CLIME's future direction. *Also on the table is to discuss what role CLIME might play in influencing NCTM in regards to the Internet revolution. Interestingly, out of 1062 sessions at the Boston meeting only 6 deal directly with the use of the Internet. It seems that this topic warrents more discussion.
*A historical footnote* Back in 1992 CLIME proposed a resolution to NCTM to establish an advisory committee on technology issues in mathematics education. Though the proposal was almost unanimously approved by the delegate assembly, no such committee was established. Rather a task force was created (on which I was a member) to look into what needed to be done. The upshot was an update of NCTM position papers on technology. It might be time again to push on NCTM to pay closer attention to the impact of the information superhighway on mathematics education. Your input on this matter will be appreciated. | <urn:uuid:837af6a8-41f4-4d4d-8f3c-766ab37ed8de> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://mathforum.org/kb/thread.jspa?threadID=481689 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720475.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00353-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.936904 | 480 | 1.703125 | 2 |
NASA Says 2005 Was Warmest Year on Record
WASHINGTON Last year was the warmest recorded on Earth's surface, and it was unusually hot in the Arctic, U.S. space agency NASA said Tuesday.
All five of the hottest years since modern record-keeping began in the 1890s occurred within the last decade, according to analysis by NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies.
In descending order, the years with the highest global average annual temperatures were 2005, 1998, 2002, 2003 and 2004, NASA said in a statement.
"It's fair to say that it probably is the warmest since we have modern meteorological records," said Drew Shindell of the NASA institute in New York City.
"Using indirect measurements that go back farther, I think it's even fair to say that it's the warmest in the last several thousand years."
Some researchers had expected 1998 would be the hottest year on record, notably because a strong El Nino -- a warm-water pattern in the eastern Pacific -- boosted global temperatures.
But Shindell said last year was slightly warmer than 1998, even without any extraordinary weather pattern. Temperatures in the Arctic were unusually warm in 2005, NASA said.
"That very anomalously warm year (1998) has become the norm," Shindell said in a telephone interview.
"The rate of warming has been so rapid that this temperature that we only got when we had a real strong El Nino now has become something that we've gotten without any unusual worldwide weather disturbance."
Over the past 30 years, Earth has warmed by 1.08 degrees F , NASA said. Over the past 100 years, it has warmed by 1.44 degrees F.
Shindell, in line with the view held by most scientists, attributed the rise to emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane and ozone, with the burning of fossil fuels being the primary source.
The 21st century could see global temperature increases of 6 to 10 degrees F, Shindell said.
"That will really bring us up to the warmest temperatures the world has experienced probably in the last million years," he said.
To understand whether the Earth is cooling or warming, scientists use data from weather stations on land, satellite measurements of sea surface temperature since 1982, and data from ships for earlier years. | <urn:uuid:30f21e63-0b3d-4ab4-bd95-a2ff8c34dacc> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.enn.com/sci-tech/article/3539 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279410.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00169-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957446 | 477 | 3.5625 | 4 |
The grid is a container object. Just as a form set can contain forms, a grid can contain columns. In addition, the columns contain headers and controls, each with their own sets of properties, events, and methods, giving you a great deal of control over the elements of the grid.
The Grid object makes it possible for you to present and manipulate rows and columns of data in a form or page. A particularly useful application of the Grid control is creating one-to-many forms, such as an invoice form.
To add a Grid control to a form
In the Form Controls toolbar, choose the Grid button and drag to size in the Form window.
If you do not specify a RecordSource value for the grid and there is a table open in the current work area, the grid will display all the fields in that table.
By default, a grid control is created when you drag a table onto a form.
To create a grid control
You can override the default and create multiple controls corresponding to the default field type mappings specified for each field in the table. For more information, see How to: Create Controls by Dragging and Dropping Fields or Tables.
Setting the Number of Columns in a Grid
One of the first properties you might want to set for the Grid control is the number of columns.
To set the number of columns in a grid
Select the ColumnCount property in the Property and Methods list.
In the Property box, type the number of columns you want.
If the ColumnCount property is set to - 1 (the default), the grid will contain, at run time, as many columns as there are fields in the table associated with the grid.
Adding Records to a Grid
You can make it possible for users to add new records to a table displayed in a grid by setting the AllowAddNew Property of the grid to true (.T.). When the AllowAddNew property is set to true, new records are added to the table when the last record is selected and the user presses the DOWN ARROW key.
If you want more control over when a user adds new records to a table, you can set the AllowAddNew property to false (.F.), the default, and use the APPEND BLANK or INSERT commands to add new records.
To see examples of using grids
Run Solution.app in the Visual FoxPro ...\Samples\Solution directory.
In the tree view, click Controls, and then click Grid. | <urn:uuid:092b4349-cfb1-49ec-aa69-3d7806805170> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.yaldex.com/fox_pro_tutorial/html/fe08c17b-de8d-4ef9-94eb-e3ece8533ee9.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721405.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00314-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.818084 | 511 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Sony expects smartphone cameras to be able to take better image quality photos by 2024 than interchangeable-lens cameras such as DSLRs. In the coming years, according to the company, we will see increasingly larger camera sensors in high-end smartphones.
Thanks to the latest development thinks Sony incidentally, the market for smartphone camera sensors will continue to grow in the coming years. This is despite the fact that the saturation point for the amount of cameras on a smartphone has indeed been reached, according to the company. In 2024, Sony expects that photos from a smartphone will have better image quality than those from an interchangeable-lens camera. Sony refers to the increasing number of pixels, artificial intelligence and upcoming technologies.
From 2025, the Japanese company’s top expects that an average wide-angle smartphone lens will have a larger diameter, the ultra-wide-angle lens will be more light sensitive and the telephoto lens will perform better. In shared slides we see that Sony is thinking about supporting video recording in 8K and multi-frame processing of those recorded videos, in combination with artificial intelligence. It is not clear which Sony camera sensors will support these technologies.
Slide from presentation Sony Group Corporation | <urn:uuid:23a0177d-58d9-4c84-8b40-db9882dd95ba> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.techwarrant.com/sony-by-2024-image-quality-will-surpass-smartphone-cameras-of-dslrs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00070.warc.gz | en | 0.930496 | 241 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global problem. Slowing CKD progression is a major health priority. Since CKD is characterized by complex derangements of homeostasis, integrative animal models are necessary to study development and progression of CKD. To study development of CKD and novel therapeutic interventions in CKD, we use the 5/6th nephrectomy ablation model, a well known experimental model of progressive renal disease, resembling several aspects of human CKD. The gross reduction in renal mass causes progressive glomerular and tubulo-interstitial injury, loss of remnant nephrons and development of systemic and glomerular hypertension. It is also associated with progressive intrarenal capillary loss, inflammation and glomerulosclerosis. Risk factors for CKD invariably impact on endothelial function. To mimic this, we combine removal of 5/6th of renal mass with nitric oxide (NO) depletion and a high salt diet. After arrival and acclimatization, animals receive a NO synthase inhibitor (NG-nitro-L-Arginine) (L-NNA) supplemented to drinking water (20 mg/L) for a period of 4 weeks, followed by right sided uninephrectomy. One week later, a subtotal nephrectomy (SNX) is performed on the left side. After SNX, animals are allowed to recover for two days followed by LNNA in drinking water (20 mg/L) for a further period of 4 weeks. A high salt diet (6%), supplemented in ground chow (see time line Figure 1), is continued throughout the experiment. Progression of renal failure is followed over time by measuring plasma urea, systolic blood pressure and proteinuria. By six weeks after SNX, renal failure has developed. Renal function is measured using 'gold standard' inulin and para-amino hippuric acid (PAH) clearance technology. This model of CKD is characterized by a reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF), hypertension (systolic blood pressure>150 mmHg), proteinuria (> 50 mg/24 hr) and mild uremia (>10 mM). Histological features include tubulo-interstitial damage reflected by inflammation, tubular atrophy and fibrosis and focal glomerulosclerosis leading to massive reduction of healthy glomeruli within the remnant population (<10%). Follow-up until 12 weeks after SNX shows further progression of CKD.
27 Related JoVE Articles!
Methods for Cell-attached Capacitance Measurements in Mouse Adrenal Chromaffin Cell
Institutions: University of Illinois at Chicago.
Neuronal transmission is an integral part of cellular communication within the brain. Depolarization of the presynaptic membrane leads to vesicle fusion known as exocytosis that mediates synaptic transmission. Subsequent retrieval of synaptic vesicles is necessary to generate new neurotransmitter-filled vesicles in a process identified as endocytosis. During exocytosis, fusing vesicle membranes will result in an increase in surface area and subsequent endocytosis results in a decrease in the surface area. Here, our lab demonstrates a basic introduction to cell-attached capacitance recordings of single endocytic events in the mouse adrenal chromaffin cell. This type of electrical recording is useful for high-resolution recordings of exocytosis and endocytosis at the single vesicle level. While this technique can detect both vesicle exocytosis and endocytosis, the focus of our lab is vesicle endocytosis. Moreover, this technique allows us to analyze the kinetics of single endocytic events. Here the methods for mouse adrenal gland tissue dissection, chromaffin cell culture, basic cell-attached techniques, and subsequent examples of individual traces measuring singular endocytic event are described.
Neuroscience, Issue 92, Cell-attached capacitance measurements, chromaffin cells, single vesicles, endocytosis, exocytosis, clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), patch clamp
An Alternant Method to the Traditional NASA Hindlimb Unloading Model in Mice
Institutions: University of Missouri, Columbia, University of Missouri, Columbia.
The Morey-Holton hindlimb unloading (HU) method is a widely accepted National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) ground-based model for studying disuse-atrophy in rodents 4-6
. Our study evaluated an alternant method to the gold-standard Morey-Holton HU tail-traction technique in mice. Fifty-four female mice (4-8 mo.) were HU for 14 days (n=34) or 28 days (n=20). Recovery from HU was assessed after 3 days of normal cage ambulation following HU (n=22). Aged matched mice (n=76) served as weight-bearing controls.
Prior to HU a tail ring was formed with a 2-0 sterile surgical steel wire that was passed through the 5th
, or 7th
inter-vertebral disc space and shaped into a ring from which the mice were suspended. Vertebral location for the tail-ring was selected to appropriately balance animal body weight without interfering with defecation.
We determined the success of this novel HU technique by assessing body weight before and after HU, degree of soleus atrophy, and adrenal mass following HU. Body weight of the mice prior to HU (24.3 ± 2.9g) did not significantly decline immediately after 14d of HU (22.7 ± 1.9g), 28d of HU (21.3 + 2.1g) or after 3 days recovery (24.0 ± 1.8g). Soleus muscle mass significantly declined (-39.1%, and -46.6%) following HU for 14 days and 28 days respectively (p<0.001). Following 3 days of recovery soleus mass significantly increased to 74% of control values. Adrenal weights of HU mice were not different compared to control mice.
The success of our novel HU method is evidenced by the maintenance of animal body weight, comparable adrenal gland weights, and soleus atrophy following HU, corresponding to expected literature values 2, 7, 8
. The primary advantages of this HU method include: 1) ease of tail examination during suspension; 2) decreased likelihood of cyanotic, inflamed, and/or necrotic tails frequently observed with tail-taping and HU; 3) no possibility of mice chewing the traction tape and coming out of the suspension apparatus; and 4) rapid recovery and normal cage activity immediately after HU.
Physiology, Issue 49, Hindlimb unloading, suspension, tail-traction, mice, animal model, atrophy
Cannulation of the Mouse Submandibular Salivary Gland via the Wharton's Duct
Institutions: McGill University , National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Severe salivary gland hypofunction is frequently found in patients with Sjögren's syndrome and those who receiving therapeutic
irradiation in their head and neck regions for cancer treatment. Both groups of patients experience symptoms such as xerostomia (dry mouth), dysphagia
(impaired chewing and swallowing), severe dental caries, altered taste, oro-pharyngeal infections (candidiasis), mucositis, pain and discomfort.
One innovative approach of regenerative medicine for the treatment of salivary gland hypo-function is speculated in RS Redman, E Mezey
2009: stem cells can be directly deposited by cannulation into the gland as a potent method in reviving the functions of the impaired organ. Presumably,
the migrated foreign stem cells will differentiate into glandular cells to function as part of the host salivary gland. Also, this cannulation technique is an
expedient and effective delivery method for clinical gene transfer application.
Here we illustrate the steps involved in performing the cannulation procedure on the mouse submandibular salivary gland via the Wharton's duct
). C3H mice (Charles River, Montreal, QC, Canada) are used for this experiment, which have been kept under clean conventional conditions at
the McGill University animal resource center. All experiments have been approved by the University Animal Care Committee and were in accordance with the
guidelines of the Canadian Council on Animal Care.
For this experiment, a trypan blue solution is infused into the gland through the opening of the Wharton's duct using a
insulin syringe with a 29-gauge needle encased inside a polyethylene tube. Subsequently, the mouse is dissected to show that the infusions migrated
into the gland successfully.
Medicine, Issue 51, Mouse, Salivary Gland, Wharton's Duct, dental disease, progenitor, stem cells
A Manual Small Molecule Screen Approaching High-throughput Using Zebrafish Embryos
Institutions: University of Notre Dame.
Zebrafish have become a widely used model organism to investigate the mechanisms that underlie developmental biology and to study human disease pathology due to their considerable degree of genetic conservation with humans. Chemical genetics entails testing the effect that small molecules have on a biological process and is becoming a popular translational research method to identify therapeutic compounds. Zebrafish are specifically appealing to use for chemical genetics because of their ability to produce large clutches of transparent embryos, which are externally fertilized. Furthermore, zebrafish embryos can be easily drug treated by the simple addition of a compound to the embryo media. Using whole-mount in situ
hybridization (WISH), mRNA expression can be clearly visualized within zebrafish embryos. Together, using chemical genetics and WISH, the zebrafish becomes a potent whole organism context in which to determine the cellular and physiological effects of small molecules. Innovative advances have been made in technologies that utilize machine-based screening procedures, however for many labs such options are not accessible or remain cost-prohibitive. The protocol described here explains how to execute a manual high-throughput chemical genetic screen that requires basic resources and can be accomplished by a single individual or small team in an efficient period of time. Thus, this protocol provides a feasible strategy that can be implemented by research groups to perform chemical genetics in zebrafish, which can be useful for gaining fundamental insights into developmental processes, disease mechanisms, and to identify novel compounds and signaling pathways that have medically relevant applications.
Developmental Biology, Issue 93, zebrafish, chemical genetics, chemical screen, in vivo small molecule screen, drug discovery, whole mount in situ hybridization (WISH), high-throughput screening (HTS), high-content screening (HCS)
Using an Automated 3D-tracking System to Record Individual and Shoals of Adult Zebrafish
Like many aquatic animals, zebrafish (Danio rerio
) moves in a 3D space. It is thus preferable to use a 3D recording system to study its behavior. The presented automatic video tracking system accomplishes this by using a mirror system and a calibration procedure that corrects for the considerable error introduced by the transition of light from water to air. With this system it is possible to record both single and groups of adult zebrafish. Before use, the system has to be calibrated. The system consists of three modules: Recording, Path Reconstruction, and Data Processing. The step-by-step protocols for calibration and using the three modules are presented. Depending on the experimental setup, the system can be used for testing neophobia, white aversion, social cohesion, motor impairments, novel object exploration etc
. It is especially promising as a first-step tool to study the effects of drugs or mutations on basic behavioral patterns. The system provides information about vertical and horizontal distribution of the zebrafish, about the xyz-components of kinematic parameters (such as locomotion, velocity, acceleration, and turning angle) and it provides the data necessary to calculate parameters for social cohesions when testing shoals.
Behavior, Issue 82, neuroscience, Zebrafish, Danio rerio, anxiety, Shoaling, Pharmacology, 3D-tracking, MK801
Analysis of Oxidative Stress in Zebrafish Embryos
Institutions: University of Torino, Vesalius Research Center, VIB.
High levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) may cause a change of cellular redox state towards oxidative stress condition. This situation causes oxidation of molecules (lipid, DNA, protein) and leads to cell death. Oxidative stress also impacts the progression of several pathological conditions such as diabetes, retinopathies, neurodegeneration, and cancer. Thus, it is important to define tools to investigate oxidative stress conditions not only at the level of single cells but also in the context of whole organisms. Here, we consider the zebrafish embryo as a useful in vivo
system to perform such studies and present a protocol to measure in vivo
oxidative stress. Taking advantage of fluorescent ROS probes and zebrafish transgenic fluorescent lines, we develop two different methods to measure oxidative stress in vivo
: i) a “whole embryo ROS-detection method” for qualitative measurement of oxidative stress and ii) a “single-cell ROS detection method” for quantitative measurements of oxidative stress. Herein, we demonstrate the efficacy of these procedures by increasing oxidative stress in tissues by oxidant agents and physiological or genetic methods. This protocol is amenable for forward genetic screens and it will help address cause-effect relationships of ROS in animal models of oxidative stress-related pathologies such as neurological disorders and cancer.
Developmental Biology, Issue 89, Danio rerio, zebrafish embryos, endothelial cells, redox state analysis, oxidative stress detection, in vivo ROS measurements, FACS (fluorescence activated cell sorter), molecular probes
Use of Shigella flexneri to Study Autophagy-Cytoskeleton Interactions
Institutions: Imperial College London, Institut Pasteur, Unité Macrophages et Développement de l'Immunité.
is an intracellular pathogen that can escape from phagosomes to reach the cytosol, and polymerize the host actin cytoskeleton to promote its motility and dissemination. New work has shown that proteins involved in actin-based motility are also linked to autophagy, an intracellular degradation process crucial for cell autonomous immunity. Strikingly, host cells may prevent actin-based motility of S. flexneri
by compartmentalizing bacteria inside ‘septin cages’ and targeting them to autophagy. These observations indicate that a more complete understanding of septins, a family of filamentous GTP-binding proteins, will provide new insights into the process of autophagy. This report describes protocols to monitor autophagy-cytoskeleton interactions caused by S. flexneri in vitro
using tissue culture cells and in vivo
using zebrafish larvae. These protocols enable investigation of intracellular mechanisms that control bacterial dissemination at the molecular, cellular, and whole organism level.
Infection, Issue 91, ATG8/LC3, autophagy, cytoskeleton, HeLa cells, p62, septin, Shigella, zebrafish
Analyzing Craniofacial Morphogenesis in Zebrafish Using 4D Confocal Microscopy
Institutions: The University of Texas at Austin.
Time-lapse imaging is a technique that allows for the direct observation of the process of morphogenesis, or the generation of shape. Due to their optical clarity and amenability to genetic manipulation, the zebrafish embryo has become a popular model organism with which to perform time-lapse analysis of morphogenesis in living embryos. Confocal imaging of a live zebrafish embryo requires that a tissue of interest is persistently labeled with a fluorescent marker, such as a transgene or injected dye. The process demands that the embryo is anesthetized and held in place in such a way that healthy development proceeds normally. Parameters for imaging must be set to account for three-dimensional growth and to balance the demands of resolving individual cells while getting quick snapshots of development. Our results demonstrate the ability to perform long-term in vivo
imaging of fluorescence-labeled zebrafish embryos and to detect varied tissue behaviors in the cranial neural crest that cause craniofacial abnormalities. Developmental delays caused by anesthesia and mounting are minimal, and embryos are unharmed by the process. Time-lapse imaged embryos can be returned to liquid medium and subsequently imaged or fixed at later points in development. With an increasing abundance of transgenic zebrafish lines and well-characterized fate mapping and transplantation techniques, imaging any desired tissue is possible. As such, time-lapse in vivo
imaging combines powerfully with zebrafish genetic methods, including analyses of mutant and microinjected embryos.
Developmental Biology, Issue 83, zebrafish, neural crest, time-lapse, transgenic, morphogenesis, craniofacial, head, development, confocal, Microscopy, In vivo, movie
In Vivo Modeling of the Morbid Human Genome using Danio rerio
Institutions: Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Duke University Medical Center.
Here, we present methods for the development of assays to query potentially clinically significant nonsynonymous changes using in vivo
complementation in zebrafish. Zebrafish (Danio rerio
) are a useful animal system due to their experimental tractability; embryos are transparent to enable facile viewing, undergo rapid development ex vivo,
and can be genetically manipulated.1
These aspects have allowed for significant advances in the analysis of embryogenesis, molecular processes, and morphogenetic signaling. Taken together, the advantages of this vertebrate model make zebrafish highly amenable to modeling the developmental defects in pediatric disease, and in some cases, adult-onset disorders. Because the zebrafish genome is highly conserved with that of humans (~70% orthologous), it is possible to recapitulate human disease states in zebrafish. This is accomplished either through the injection of mutant human mRNA to induce dominant negative or gain of function alleles, or utilization of morpholino (MO) antisense oligonucleotides to suppress genes to mimic loss of function variants. Through complementation of MO-induced phenotypes with capped human mRNA, our approach enables the interpretation of the deleterious effect of mutations on human protein sequence based on the ability of mutant mRNA to rescue a measurable, physiologically relevant phenotype. Modeling of the human disease alleles occurs through microinjection of zebrafish embryos with MO and/or human mRNA at the 1-4 cell stage, and phenotyping up to seven days post fertilization (dpf). This general strategy can be extended to a wide range of disease phenotypes, as demonstrated in the following protocol. We present our established models for morphogenetic signaling, craniofacial, cardiac, vascular integrity, renal function, and skeletal muscle disorder phenotypes, as well as others.
Molecular Biology, Issue 78, Genetics, Biomedical Engineering, Medicine, Developmental Biology, Biochemistry, Anatomy, Physiology, Bioengineering, Genomics, Medical, zebrafish, in vivo, morpholino, human disease modeling, transcription, PCR, mRNA, DNA, Danio rerio, animal model
Flat Mount Preparation for Observation and Analysis of Zebrafish Embryo Specimens Stained by Whole Mount In situ Hybridization
Institutions: University of Notre Dame.
The zebrafish embryo is now commonly used for basic and biomedical research to investigate the genetic control of developmental processes and to model congenital abnormalities. During the first day of life, the zebrafish embryo progresses through many developmental stages including fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, segmentation, and the organogenesis of structures such as the kidney, heart, and central nervous system. The anatomy of a young zebrafish embryo presents several challenges for the visualization and analysis of the tissues involved in many of these events because the embryo develops in association with a round yolk mass. Thus, for accurate analysis and imaging of experimental phenotypes in fixed embryonic specimens between the tailbud and 20 somite stage (10 and 19 hours post fertilization (hpf), respectively), such as those stained using whole mount in situ
hybridization (WISH), it is often desirable to remove the embryo from the yolk ball and to position it flat on a glass slide. However, performing a flat mount procedure can be tedious. Therefore, successful and efficient flat mount preparation is greatly facilitated through the visual demonstration of the dissection technique, and also helped by using reagents that assist in optimal tissue handling. Here, we provide our WISH protocol for one or two-color detection of gene expression in the zebrafish embryo, and demonstrate how the flat mounting procedure can be performed on this example of a stained fixed specimen. This flat mounting protocol is broadly applicable to the study of many embryonic structures that emerge during early zebrafish development, and can be implemented in conjunction with other staining methods performed on fixed embryo samples.
Developmental Biology, Issue 89, animals, vertebrates, fishes, zebrafish, growth and development, morphogenesis, embryonic and fetal development, organogenesis, natural science disciplines, embryo, whole mount in situ hybridization, flat mount, deyolking, imaging
Generation of Dispersed Presomitic Mesoderm Cell Cultures for Imaging of the Zebrafish Segmentation Clock in Single Cells
Institutions: Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics.
Segmentation is a periodic and sequential morphogenetic process in vertebrates. This rhythmic formation of blocks of tissue called somites along the body axis is evidence of a genetic oscillator patterning the developing embryo. In zebrafish, the intracellular clock driving segmentation is comprised of members of the Her/Hes transcription factor family organized into negative feedback loops. We have recently generated transgenic fluorescent reporter lines for the cyclic gene her1
that recapitulate the spatio-temporal pattern of oscillations in the presomitic mesoderm (PSM). Using these lines, we developed an in vitro
culture system that allows real-time analysis of segmentation clock oscillations within single, isolated PSM cells. By removing PSM tissue from transgenic embryos and then dispersing cells from oscillating regions onto glass-bottom dishes, we generated cultures suitable for time-lapse imaging of fluorescence signal from individual clock cells. This approach provides an experimental and conceptual framework for direct manipulation of the segmentation clock with unprecedented single-cell resolution, allowing its cell-autonomous and tissue-level properties to be distinguished and dissected.
Developmental Biology, Issue 89, Zebrafish, Primary Cell Culture, Biological Clocks, Somitogenesis, Oscillator, In Vitro, Time-lapse Imaging, Primary Culture, Fluorescence
A Zebrafish Model of Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Memory
Institutions: Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science.
Diabetes mellitus currently affects 346 million individuals and this is projected to increase to 400 million by 2030. Evidence from both the laboratory and large scale clinical trials has revealed that diabetic complications progress unimpeded via the phenomenon of metabolic memory even when glycemic control is pharmaceutically achieved. Gene expression can be stably altered through epigenetic changes which not only allow cells and organisms to quickly respond to changing environmental stimuli but also confer the ability of the cell to "memorize" these encounters once the stimulus is removed. As such, the roles that these mechanisms play in the metabolic memory phenomenon are currently being examined.
We have recently reported the development of a zebrafish model of type I diabetes mellitus and characterized this model to show that diabetic zebrafish not only display the known secondary complications including the changes associated with diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy and impaired wound healing but also exhibit impaired caudal fin regeneration. This model is unique in that the zebrafish is capable to regenerate its damaged pancreas and restore a euglycemic state similar to what would be expected in post-transplant human patients. Moreover, multiple rounds of caudal fin amputation allow for the separation and study of pure epigenetic effects in an in vivo
system without potential complicating factors from the previous diabetic state. Although euglycemia is achieved following pancreatic regeneration, the diabetic secondary complication of fin regeneration and skin wound healing persists indefinitely. In the case of impaired fin regeneration, this pathology is retained even after multiple rounds of fin regeneration in the daughter fin tissues. These observations point to an underlying epigenetic process existing in the metabolic memory state. Here we present the methods needed to successfully generate the diabetic and metabolic memory groups of fish and discuss the advantages of this model.
Medicine, Issue 72, Genetics, Genomics, Physiology, Anatomy, Biomedical Engineering, Metabolomics, Zebrafish, diabetes, metabolic memory, tissue regeneration, streptozocin, epigenetics, Danio rerio, animal model, diabetes mellitus, diabetes, drug discovery, hyperglycemia
Setting-up an In Vitro Model of Rat Blood-brain Barrier (BBB): A Focus on BBB Impermeability and Receptor-mediated Transport
Institutions: VECT-HORUS SAS, CNRS, NICN UMR 7259.
The blood brain barrier (BBB) specifically regulates molecular and cellular flux between the blood and the nervous tissue. Our aim was to develop and characterize a highly reproducible rat syngeneic in vitro
model of the BBB using co-cultures of primary rat brain endothelial cells (RBEC) and astrocytes to study receptors involved in transcytosis across the endothelial cell monolayer. Astrocytes were isolated by mechanical dissection following trypsin digestion and were frozen for later co-culture. RBEC were isolated from 5-week-old rat cortices. The brains were cleaned of meninges and white matter, and mechanically dissociated following enzymatic digestion. Thereafter, the tissue homogenate was centrifuged in bovine serum albumin to separate vessel fragments from nervous tissue. The vessel fragments underwent a second enzymatic digestion to free endothelial cells from their extracellular matrix. The remaining contaminating cells such as pericytes were further eliminated by plating the microvessel fragments in puromycin-containing medium. They were then passaged onto filters for co-culture with astrocytes grown on the bottom of the wells. RBEC expressed high levels of tight junction (TJ) proteins such as occludin, claudin-5 and ZO-1 with a typical localization at the cell borders. The transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) of brain endothelial monolayers, indicating the tightness of TJs reached 300 ohm·cm2
on average. The endothelial permeability coefficients (Pe) for lucifer yellow (LY) was highly reproducible with an average of 0.26 ± 0.11 x 10-3
cm/min. Brain endothelial cells organized in monolayers expressed the efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp), showed a polarized transport of rhodamine 123, a ligand for P-gp, and showed specific transport of transferrin-Cy3 and DiILDL across the endothelial cell monolayer. In conclusion, we provide a protocol for setting up an in vitro
BBB model that is highly reproducible due to the quality assurance methods, and that is suitable for research on BBB transporters and receptors.
Medicine, Issue 88, rat brain endothelial cells (RBEC), mouse, spinal cord, tight junction (TJ), receptor-mediated transport (RMT), low density lipoprotein (LDL), LDLR, transferrin, TfR, P-glycoprotein (P-gp), transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER),
High Efficiency Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to Cardiomyocytes and Characterization by Flow Cytometry
Institutions: Medical College of Wisconsin, Stanford University School of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Hong Kong University, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin.
There is an urgent need to develop approaches for repairing the damaged heart, discovering new therapeutic drugs that do not have toxic effects on the heart, and improving strategies to accurately model heart disease. The potential of exploiting human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technology to generate cardiac muscle “in a dish” for these applications continues to generate high enthusiasm. In recent years, the ability to efficiently generate cardiomyogenic cells from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has greatly improved, offering us new opportunities to model very early stages of human cardiac development not otherwise accessible. In contrast to many previous methods, the cardiomyocyte differentiation protocol described here does not require cell aggregation or the addition of Activin A or BMP4 and robustly generates cultures of cells that are highly positive for cardiac troponin I and T (TNNI3, TNNT2), iroquois-class homeodomain protein IRX-4 (IRX4), myosin regulatory light chain 2, ventricular/cardiac muscle isoform (MLC2v) and myosin regulatory light chain 2, atrial isoform (MLC2a) by day 10 across all human embryonic stem cell (hESC) and hiPSC lines tested to date. Cells can be passaged and maintained for more than 90 days in culture. The strategy is technically simple to implement and cost-effective. Characterization of cardiomyocytes derived from pluripotent cells often includes the analysis of reference markers, both at the mRNA and protein level. For protein analysis, flow cytometry is a powerful analytical tool for assessing quality of cells in culture and determining subpopulation homogeneity. However, technical variation in sample preparation can significantly affect quality of flow cytometry data. Thus, standardization of staining protocols should facilitate comparisons among various differentiation strategies. Accordingly, optimized staining protocols for the analysis of IRX4, MLC2v, MLC2a, TNNI3, and TNNT2 by flow cytometry are described.
Cellular Biology, Issue 91, human induced pluripotent stem cell, flow cytometry, directed differentiation, cardiomyocyte, IRX4, TNNI3, TNNT2, MCL2v, MLC2a
A Chemical Screening Procedure for Glucocorticoid Signaling with a Zebrafish Larva Luciferase Reporter System
Institutions: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus South.
Glucocorticoid stress hormones and their artificial derivatives are widely used drugs to treat inflammation, but long-term treatment with glucocorticoids can lead to severe side effects. Test systems are needed to search for novel compounds influencing glucocorticoid signaling in vivo
or to determine unwanted effects of compounds on the glucocorticoid signaling pathway. We have established a transgenic zebrafish assay which allows the measurement of glucocorticoid signaling activity in vivo
and in real-time, the GRIZLY assay (Glucocorticoid Responsive In vivo
Zebrafish Luciferase activitY). The luciferase-based assay detects effects on glucocorticoid signaling with high sensitivity and specificity, including effects by compounds that require metabolization or affect endogenous glucocorticoid production. We present here a detailed protocol for conducting chemical screens with this assay. We describe data acquisition, normalization, and analysis, placing a focus on quality control and data visualization. The assay provides a simple, time-resolved, and quantitative readout. It can be operated as a stand-alone platform, but is also easily integrated into high-throughput screening workflows. It furthermore allows for many applications beyond chemical screening, such as environmental monitoring of endocrine disruptors or stress research.
Developmental Biology, Issue 79, Biochemistry, Vertebrates, Zebrafish, environmental effects (biological and animal), genetics (animal), life sciences, animal biology, animal models, biochemistry, bioengineering (general), Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists, zebrafish, Danio rerio, chemical screening, luciferase, glucocorticoid, stress, high-throughput screening, receiver operating characteristic curve, in vivo, animal model
A Visual Description of the Dissection of the Cerebral Surface Vasculature and Associated Meninges and the Choroid Plexus from Rat Brain
Institutions: National Center for Toxicological Research, National Center for Toxicological Research, National Center for Toxicological Research.
This video presentation was created to show a method of harvesting the two most important highly vascular structures, not residing within the brain proper, that support forebrain function. They are the cerebral surface (superficial) vasculature along with associated meninges (MAV) and the choroid plexus which are necessary for cerebral blood flow and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) homeostasis. The tissue harvested is suitable for biochemical and physiological analysis, and the MAV has been shown to be sensitive to damage produced by amphetamine and hyperthermia 1,2
. As well, the major and minor cerebral vasculatures harvested in MAV are of potentially high interest when investigating concussive types of head trauma. The MAV dissected in this presentation consists of the pial and some of the arachnoid membrane (less dura) of the meninges and the major and minor cerebral surface vasculature. The choroid plexus dissected is the structure that resides in the lateral ventricles as described by Oldfield and McKinley3,4,5,6
. The methods used for harvesting these two tissues also facilitate the harvesting of regional cortical tissue devoid of meninges and larger cerebral surface vasculature, and is compatible with harvesting other brain tissues such as striatum, hypothalamus, hippocampus, etc. The dissection of the two tissues takes from 5 to 10 min total. The gene expression levels for the dissected MAV and choroid plexus, as shown and described in this presentation can be found at GSE23093 (MAV) and GSE29733 (choroid plexus) at the NCBI GEO repository. This data has been, and is being, used to help further understand the functioning of the MAV and choroid plexus and how neurotoxic events such as severe hyperthermia and AMPH adversely affect their function.
Neuroscience, Issue 69, Medicine, Anatomy, Physiology, Toxicology, brain, dissection, choroid plexus, meninges and associated vasculature
Long-term Intravital Immunofluorescence Imaging of Tissue Matrix Components with Epifluorescence and Two-photon Microscopy
Institutions: École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Oregon Health & Science University.
Besides being a physical scaffold to maintain tissue morphology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is actively involved in regulating cell and tissue function during development and organ homeostasis. It does so by acting via biochemical, biomechanical, and biophysical signaling pathways, such as through the release of bioactive ECM protein fragments, regulating tissue tension, and providing pathways for cell migration. The extracellular matrix of the tumor microenvironment undergoes substantial remodeling, characterized by the degradation, deposition and organization of fibrillar and non-fibrillar matrix proteins. Stromal stiffening of the tumor microenvironment can promote tumor growth and invasion, and cause remodeling of blood and lymphatic vessels. Live imaging of matrix proteins, however, to this point is limited to fibrillar collagens that can be detected by second harmonic generation using multi-photon microscopy, leaving the majority of matrix components largely invisible. Here we describe procedures for tumor inoculation in the thin dorsal ear skin, immunolabeling of extracellular matrix proteins and intravital imaging of the exposed tissue in live mice using epifluorescence and two-photon microscopy. Our intravital imaging method allows for the direct detection of both fibrillar and non-fibrillar matrix proteins in the context of a growing dermal tumor. We show examples of vessel remodeling caused by local matrix contraction. We also found that fibrillar matrix of the tumor detected with the second harmonic generation is spatially distinct from newly deposited matrix components such as tenascin C. We also showed long-term (12 hours) imaging of T-cell interaction with tumor cells and tumor cells migration along the collagen IV of basement membrane. Taken together, this method uniquely allows for the simultaneous detection of tumor cells, their physical microenvironment and the endogenous tissue immune response over time, which may provide important insights into the mechanisms underlying tumor progression and ultimate success or resistance to therapy.
Bioengineering, Issue 86, Intravital imaging, epifluorescence, two-photon imaging, Tumor matrix, Matrix remodeling
Videomorphometric Analysis of Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction of Intra-pulmonary Arteries Using Murine Precision Cut Lung Slices
Acute alveolar hypoxia causes pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) - also known as von Euler-Liljestrand mechanism - which serves to match lung perfusion to ventilation. Up to now, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. The major vascular segment contributing to HPV is the intra-acinar artery. This vessel section is responsible for the blood supply of an individual acinus, which is defined as the portion of lung distal to a terminal bronchiole. Intra-acinar arteries are mostly located in that part of the lung that cannot be selectively reached by a number of commonly used techniques such as measurement of the pulmonary artery pressure in isolated perfused lungs or force recordings from dissected proximal pulmonary artery segments1,2
. The analysis of subpleural vessels by real-time confocal laser scanning luminescence microscopy is limited to vessels with up to 50 µm in diameter3
We provide a technique to study HPV of murine intra-pulmonary arteries in the range of 20-100 µm inner diameters. It is based on the videomorphometric analysis of cross-sectioned arteries in precision cut lung slices (PCLS). This method allows the quantitative measurement of vasoreactivity of small intra-acinar
arteries with inner diameter between 20-40 µm which are located at gussets of alveolar septa next to alveolar ducts and of larger pre-acinar
arteries with inner diameters between 40-100 µm which run adjacent to bronchi and bronchioles. In contrast to real-time imaging of subpleural vessels in anesthetized and ventilated mice, videomorphometric analysis of PCLS occurs under conditions free of shear stress. In our experimental model both arterial segments exhibit a monophasic HPV when exposed to medium gassed with 1% O2
and the response fades after 30-40 min at hypoxia.
Medicine, Issue 83, Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, murine lungs, precision cut lung slices, intra-pulmonary, pre- and intra-acinar arteries, videomorphometry
Analysis of Nephron Composition and Function in the Adult Zebrafish Kidney
Institutions: University of Notre Dame.
The zebrafish model has emerged as a relevant system to study kidney development, regeneration and disease. Both the embryonic and adult zebrafish kidneys are composed of functional units known as nephrons, which are highly conserved with other vertebrates, including mammals. Research in zebrafish has recently demonstrated that two distinctive phenomena transpire after adult nephrons incur damage: first, there is robust regeneration within existing nephrons that replaces the destroyed tubule epithelial cells; second, entirely new nephrons are produced from renal progenitors in a process known as neonephrogenesis. In contrast, humans and other mammals seem to have only a limited ability for nephron epithelial regeneration. To date, the mechanisms responsible for these kidney regeneration phenomena remain poorly understood. Since adult zebrafish kidneys undergo both nephron epithelial regeneration and neonephrogenesis, they provide an outstanding experimental paradigm to study these events. Further, there is a wide range of genetic and pharmacological tools available in the zebrafish model that can be used to delineate the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate renal regeneration. One essential aspect of such research is the evaluation of nephron structure and function. This protocol describes a set of labeling techniques that can be used to gauge renal composition and test nephron functionality in the adult zebrafish kidney. Thus, these methods are widely applicable to the future phenotypic characterization of adult zebrafish kidney injury paradigms, which include but are not limited to, nephrotoxicant exposure regimes or genetic methods of targeted cell death such as the nitroreductase mediated cell ablation technique. Further, these methods could be used to study genetic perturbations in adult kidney formation and could also be applied to assess renal status during chronic disease modeling.
Cellular Biology, Issue 90,
zebrafish; kidney; nephron; nephrology; renal; regeneration; proximal tubule; distal tubule; segment; mesonephros; physiology; acute kidney injury (AKI)
A Rapid and Specific Microplate Assay for the Determination of Intra- and Extracellular Ascorbate in Cultured Cells
Institutions: University of Sydney, Monash University.
Vitamin C (ascorbate) plays numerous important roles in cellular metabolism, many of which have only come to light in recent years. For instance, within the brain, ascorbate acts in a neuroprotective and neuromodulatory manner that involves ascorbate cycling between neurons and vicinal astrocytes - a relationship that appears to be crucial for brain ascorbate homeostasis. Additionally, emerging evidence strongly suggests that ascorbate has a greatly expanded role in regulating cellular and systemic iron metabolism than is classically recognized. The increasing recognition of the integral role of ascorbate in normal and deregulated cellular and organismal physiology demands a range of medium-throughput and high-sensitivity analytic techniques that can be executed without the need for highly expensive specialist equipment. Here we provide explicit instructions for a medium-throughput, specific and relatively inexpensive microplate assay for the determination of both intra- and extracellular ascorbate in cell culture.
Biochemistry, Issue 86, Vitamin C, Ascorbate, Cell swelling, Glutamate, Microplate assay, Astrocytes
Mouse Adrenal Chromaffin Cell Isolation
Institutions: University of California, Irvine (UCI), University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine (UCI).
Adrenal medullary chromaffin cell culture systems are extremely useful for the study of excitation-secretion coupling in an in vitro setting. This protocol illustrates the method used to dissect the adrenals and then isolate the medullary region by stripping away the adrenal cortex. The digestion of the medulla into single chromaffin cells is then demonstrated.
Developmental Biology, Issue 2, Neuroscience, mouse, adrenal
Isolation and Culture of Cells from the Nephrogenic Zone of the Embryonic Mouse Kidney
Institutions: Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Lund University Hospital.
Embryonic development of the kidney has been extensively studied both as a model for epithelial-mesenchymal interaction in organogenesis and to gain understanding of the origins of congenital kidney disease. More recently, the possibility of steering naïve embryonic stem cells toward nephrogenic fates has been explored in the emerging field of regenerative medicine. Genetic studies in the mouse have identified several pathways required for kidney development, and a global catalog of gene transcription in the organ has recently been generated http://www.gudmap.org/, providing numerous candidate regulators of essential developmental functions. Organogenesis of the rodent kidney can be studied in organ culture, and many reports have used this approach to analyze outcomes of either applying candidate proteins or knocking down the expression of candidate genes using siRNA or morpholinos. However, the applicability of organ culture to the study of signaling that regulates stem/progenitor cell differentiation versus renewal in the developing kidney is limited as cultured organs contain a compact extracellular matrix limiting diffusion of macromolecules and virus particles. To study the cell signaling events that influence the stem/progenitor cell niche in the kidney we have developed a primary cell system that establishes the nephrogenic zone or progenitor cell niche of the developing kidney ex vivo
in isolation from the epithelial inducer of differentiation. Using limited enzymatic digestion, nephrogenic zone cells can be selectively liberated from developing kidneys at E17.5. Following filtration, these cells can be cultured as an irregular monolayer using optimized conditions. Marker gene analysis demonstrates that these cultures contain a distribution of cell types characteristic of the nephrogenic zone in vivo
, and that they maintain appropriate marker gene expression during the culture period. These cells are highly accessible to small molecule and recombinant protein treatment, and importantly also to viral transduction, which greatly facilitates the study of candidate stem/progenitor cell regulator effects. Basic cell biological parameters such as proliferation and cell death as well as changes in expression of molecular markers characteristic of nephron stem/progenitor cells in vivo
can be successfully used as experimental outcomes. Ongoing work in our laboratory using this novel primary cell technique aims to uncover basic mechanisms governing the regulation of self-renewal versus differentiation in nephron stem/progenitor cells.
Cellular Biology, Issue 50, Kidney development, nephrogenesis, nephrogenic zone, nephron progenitor cells, cortical stroma
Decellularization and Recellularization of Whole Livers
Institutions: Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Hospitals for Children.
The liver is a complex organ which requires constant perfusion for delivery of nutrients and oxygen and removal of waste in order to survive1
. Efforts to recreate or mimic the liver microstructure with grounds up approach using tissue engineering and microfabrication techniques have not been successful so far due to this design challenge. In addition, synthetic biomaterials used to create scaffolds for liver tissue engineering applications have been limited in inducing tissue regeneration and repair in large part due to the lack of specific cell binding motifs that would induce the proper cell functions2
. Decellularized native tissues such blood vessels3
on the other hand have found many applications in tissue engineering, and have provided a practical solution to some of the challenges. The advantage of decellularized native matrix is that it retains, to an extent, the original composition, and the microstructure, hence enhancing cell attachment and reorganization5
In this work we describe the methods to perform perfusion-decellularization of the liver, such that an intact liver bioscaffold that retains the structure of major blood vessels is obtained. Further, we describe methods to recellularize these bioscaffolds with adult primary hepatocytes, creating a liver graft that is functional in vitro
, and has the vessel access necessary for transplantation in vivo
Bioengineering, Issue 48, Liver extracellular matrix, decellularization, recellularization, hepatocytes, bioreactor
Imaging Plasma Membrane Deformations With pTIRFM
Institutions: Wayne State University.
To gain novel insights into the dynamics of exocytosis, our group focuses on the changes in lipid bilayer shape that must be precisely regulated during the fusion of vesicle and plasma membranes. These rapid and localized changes are achieved by dynamic interactions between lipids and specialized proteins that control membrane curvature. The absence of such interactions would not only have devastating consequences for vesicle fusion, but a host of other cellular functions that involve control of membrane shape. In recent years, the identity of a number of proteins with membrane-shaping properties has been determined. What remains missing is a roadmap of when, where, and how they act as fusion and content release progress.
Our understanding of the molecular events that enable membrane remodeling has historically been limited by a lack of analytical methods that are sensitive to membrane curvature or have the temporal resolution to track rapid changes. PTIRFM satisfies both of these criteria. We discuss how pTIRFM is implemented to visualize and interpret rapid, submicron changes in the orientation of chromaffin cell membranes during dense core vesicle (DCV) fusion. The chromaffin cells we use are isolated from bovine adrenal glands. The membrane is stained with a lipophilic carbocyanine dye,1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindodicarbocyanine, 4-chlorobenzenesulfonate, or diD. DiD intercalates in the membrane plane with a "fixed" orientation and is therefore sensitive to the polarization of the evanescent field. The diD-stained cell membrane is sequentially excited with orthogonal polarizations of a 561 nm laser (p-pol, s-pol). A 488 nm laser is used to visualize vesicle constituents and time the moment of fusion. Exocytosis is triggered by locally perfusing cells with a depolarizing KCl solution. Analysis is performed offline using custom-written software to understand how diD emission intensity changes relate to fusion pore dilation.
Biochemistry, Issue 86, Chromaffin Cells, Lipid Bilayers, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Polarization, Exocytosis, membrane, TIRF, pTIRF, chromaffin, polarization, vesicle
Aortic Ring Assay
Institutions: Ben-Gurion University.
Angiogenesis, the sprouting of blood vessels from preexisting vasculature is associated with both natural and pathological processes. Various angiogenesis assays involve the study of individual endothelial cells in culture conditions (1). The aortic ring assay is an angiogenesis model that is based on organ culture. In this assay, angiogenic vessels grow from a segment of the aorta (modified from (2)). Briefly, mouse thoracic aorta is excised, the fat layer and adventitia are removed, and rings approximately 1 mm in length are prepared. Individual rings are then embedded in a small solid dome of basement matrix extract (BME), cast inside individual wells of a 48-well plate. Angiogenic factors and inhibitors of angiogenesis can be directly added to the rings, and a mixed co-culture of aortic rings and other cell types can be employed for the study of paracrine angiogenic effects. Sprouting is observed by inspection under a stereomicroscope over a period of 6-12 days. Due to the large variation caused by the irregularities in the aortic segments, experimentation in 6-plicates is strongly advised. Neovessel outgrowth is monitored throughout the experiment and imaged using phase microscopy, and supernatants are collected for measurement of relevant angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors, cell death markers and nitrite.
Medicine, Issue 33, aortic rings, angiogenesis, blood vessels, aorta, mouse, vessel outgrowth
A Method for 2-Photon Imaging of Blood Flow in the Neocortex through a Cranial Window
Institutions: University of California, Los Angeles.
The ability to image the cerebral vasculature (from large vessels to capillaries) and record blood flow dynamics in the intact brain of living rodents is a powerful technique. Using in vivo 2-photon microscopy through a cranial window it is possible to image fluorescent dyes injected intravenously. This permits one to image the cortical vasculature and also to obtain measurements of blood flow. This technique was originally developed by David Kleinfeld and Winfried Denk. The method can be used to study blood flow dynamics during or after cerebral ischemia, in neurodegenerative disorders, in brain tumors, or in normal brain physiology. For example, it has been used to study how stroke causes shifts in blood flow direction and changes in red blood cell velocity or flux in and around the infarct. Here we demonstrate how to use 2-photon microscopy to image blood flow dynamics in the neocortex of living mice using fluorescent dyes injected into the tail vein.
Neuroscience, Issue 12, red blood cell, cortex, fluorescein, rhodamine, dextran, two-photon, 2-photon, capillary
Isolation of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC)
Institutions: University of California, Irvine (UCI).
Angiogenesis is a complex multi-step process, where in response to angiogenic stimuli, new vessels are created from the existing vasculature. These steps include: degradation of the basement membrane, proliferation and migration (sprouting) of endothelial cells (EC) into the extracellular matrix, alignment of EC into cords, lumen formation, anastomosis, and formation of a new basement membrane. Many in vitro assays have been developed to study this process, but most only mimic certain stages of angiogenesis, and morphologically the vessels often do not resemble vessels in vivo. Here we demonstrate an optimized in vitro angiogenesis assay that utilizes human umbilical vein EC and fibroblasts. This model recapitulates all of the key early stages of angiogenesis, and importantly the vessels display patent intercellular lumens surrounded by polarized EC. Vessels can be easily observed by phase-contrast and time-lapse microscopy, and recovered in pure form for downstream applications.
Cellular Biology, Issue 3, angiogenesis, endothelial, HUVEC, umbilical | <urn:uuid:8fd79ae7-6478-4355-bb38-fb1c4e9a334b> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.jove.com/visualize/abstract/22937010/development-fibronectin-signaling-requirements-zebrafish-interrenal | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988717783.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183837-00076-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.89974 | 11,494 | 2.390625 | 2 |
[amsat-bb] HELIX REFLECTOR
domenico.i8cvs at tin.it
Sat Jun 5 17:36:38 PDT 2010
----- Original Message -----
From: "Pete Norris, K1HZU" <k1hzu at yahoo.com>
To: <amsat-bb at amsat.org>
Sent: Friday, June 04, 2010 2:51 AM
Subject: [amsat-bb] HELIX REFLECTOR?
> Hi All:
> I am rebuilding a 440 MHZ Helix that I built several years ago . It worked
> very well, but I would like to reduce the size of the reflector to a more
> manageable size than I had before. The only reference to reflector size I
> can find is, "minimum 20" ". I may be looking in the wrong places. I would
> appreciate it, if someone would steer me in the right direction.
> Pete, K1HZU
Hi Pete, K1HZU
My 15 turns RHCP 70 cm Helix Antenna was built at first with a round
aluminum sheet perforated reflector with a diameter of 460 mm
( 0.67 wavelenght) and it worked very well but after enlarging the diameter
of reflector to 690 mm (about 1 wavelenght) overlapping to it a perforated
aluminum mesh I realized that the gain increases by about 2 dB and the front
to back ratio was much better than before.
The Helix is made with a non annealed wiredrawn aluminum rod 8 mm in
diameter and the boom is made with a very hard plastic pipe 42 mm outside
diameter and 31 mm inside diameter originally used for hight pressure oil
Following "ANTENNAS" from John Kraus the lenght of a turn has been
made 1 wavelenght long into free space and the pitch angle between turns
is about 13.8 degrees while the calculated half-power beam width is about
The matching system between the 150 ohm impedance at the feed point and
a 50 ohm coax cable is made using a 1/4 electrical wavelenght impedance
transformer with Zo = 86 ohm made with two coaxial tubing.
For better performance and not to distort the pattern the antenna is
fastened to the rear of reflector and the weight is balanced with a
counterweight made with few lead disks.
The picture of the above 15 turns helix antenna is visible at i8CVS in
I have built two Helix Antennas the first one is a 10 turns with 0.67
wavelenght round reflector used beginning from OSCAR-7 to actually
FO-29 and HO-68 and it works very well.
The second one is a 15 turns helix with a 1 wavelenght in diameter round
reflector and it was used for the uplink from OSCAR-10 to AO40 as can
be seen at i8CVS in QRZ.com but unfortunately I cannot use it for LEO
satellites because the AZ/EL mount is slow because it was designed for
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An NNN lease is the most common type of commercial lease and is commonly called a triple net lease. On an NNN lease, tenants pay additional expenses in addition to the lease fee, to the landlord or lessor. The NNN fees includes property taxes, property insurance and common area maintenance for a building (CAM).
- 1 What does NNN mean in commercial real estate?
- 2 How is NNN calculated?
- 3 What is $25 NNN?
- 4 What is $20 NNN?
- 5 Is NNN monthly or yearly?
- 6 How much is triple net usually?
- 7 What NNN includes?
- 8 Can you negotiate NNN?
- 9 What does 12 NNN mean?
- 10 Is Triple Net negotiable?
- 11 What does $20.00 SF yr mean?
- 12 Does Triple Net include utilities?
- 13 What is TI allowance in commercial real estate?
- 14 How do I calculate triple net?
- 15 How do you calculate commercial rent?
- 16 What’s the Difference Between Single, Double, and Triple Net Leases?
- 17 Single Net Leases
- 18 Double Net Leases
- 19 Triple Net Leases
- 20 Pros of Triple Net Leases
- 21 Cons of Triple Net Leases
- 22 Triple Net Lease Example
- 23 Special Considerations
- 24 Triple Net Lease FAQs
- 25 The Bottom Line
- 26 An NNN Lease Versus a Gross Lease: What’s the difference?
- 27 What Is a Triple Net (NNN) Lease and What’s Included in It?
- 28 What Is a Triple Net (NNN) Lease?
- 29 What Does a Triple Net Rental Rate Include?
- 30 Other Types of Lease Structures
- 31 What’s Next?
- 32 What the Heck Does NNN Mean? Commercial Real Estate
- 33 What Does NNN Mean?
- 34 What Do NNN Expenses Include?
- 35 Are There Any Other Expenses to Consider?
- 36 Commercial Real Estate Terminology
- 37 Need Help?
- 38 What You Should Know About The Triple Net (NNN) Lease
- 39 What is a Triple Net (NNN) Lease?
- 40 The Spectrum of Commercial Real Estate Leases
- 41 What the NNN Lease Does Not Include
- 42 Triple Net Lease Investment Risks
- 43 Assessing Tenant Credit Risk in a Triple Net Lease
- 44 Triple Net Lease Example
- 45 Conclusion
- 46 What Does ‘NNN’ Mean in Commercial Real Estate?
- 47 What does NNN mean?
- 48 How does an NNN lease differ from other types of commercial real estate leases?
- 49 What are the benefits of an NNN lease?
- 50 The bottom line
- 51 What Does ‘NNN Lease / Triple Net Lease’ Mean?
- 52 Understanding Commercial Real Estate Leases and Clauses
- 53 WHAT IS A NNN LEASE / TRIPLE NET LEASE?
- 54 Why Triple Net Leases Are Popular
- 55 Triple Net Lease: Risks and Benefits
- 56 Confidential Conversations
What does NNN mean in commercial real estate?
A triple net lease (triple-net or NNN) is a lease agreement on a property whereby the tenant or lessee promises to pay all the expenses of the property, including real estate taxes, building insurance, and maintenance. These expenses are in addition to the cost of rent and utilities.
How is NNN calculated?
To determine the triple net lease amount for each renter, add those monthly expenses and the monthly rental per square foot charges and multiply it by the number of square feet a renter is leasing. That is the monthly triple net lease amount.
What is $25 NNN?
NNN stands for Triple Net rent. In this type of commercial real estate rent, you pay the amount listed and you also have pay additional costs (usually Operating Expenses) on top of that. For example: say the Office Space listing you’re interested in says the rent is $24.00 NNN per sqft/year.
What is $20 NNN?
Lease Rate: $20.00 /SF NNN (Estimated NNN = $3.25/SF), meaning the base rental rate is $20.00 per square foot per year and the property expenses, which include property taxes and insurance, are estimated to be $3.25 per square foot per year, though they can fluctuate from year to year.
Is NNN monthly or yearly?
Example of Calculating Monthly Rent in a NNN Lease The estimated operating expenses (aka NNN) are $10 per square foot per year. The total yearly rent you would pay equals $40 sf per year. So if you are leasing 3,000 sf then your yearly rent would be $120,000 or $10,000 per month.
How much is triple net usually?
The triple net lease amount is $8 per sq. ft. The base rent amount calculates to be $50,000 a year ($20 x 2,500) or about $4,166 a month. The triple net amount calculates to be $20,000 a year ($8 x 2,500) or about $1,666 a month.
What NNN includes?
On an NNN lease, tenants pay additional expenses in addition to the lease fee, to the landlord or lessor. The NNN fees includes property taxes, property insurance and common area maintenance for a building (CAM).
Can you negotiate NNN?
The tenant’s ability to negotiate around a NNN leases is typically limited by the particular geographic area. In many areas, it is common practice to require a NNN lease if a tenant wants to lease commercial property. There are many areas where a tenant can negotiate a NNN lease to make it more favorable.
What does 12 NNN mean?
Commercial spaces may be advertised as “$12/psf NNN” meaning $12 per square foot is the base rent and the NNN expenses will be in addition to that. CAM, or common area maintenance, is one of the three NNN Expenses that commercial tenants pay for as additional rent.
Is Triple Net negotiable?
Just because it is labeled as a triple net lease, does not mean that you cannot bargain and negotiate for different terms that better suit your needs. For instance, the parties to a triple net lease can negotiate for “caps” on certain expenses, such as maintenance repairs or property taxes.
What does $20.00 SF yr mean?
In the commercial leasing industry, $/SF/year or $/SF/yr means the rent per square foot per year. This would be calculated as $20 x 1000 square feet = $20,000 total (this is the cost for the total year).
Does Triple Net include utilities?
Tenants in a triple net lease agreement must pay utility expenses that keep the property running. This includes electricity, water, gas, sewage, trash and recycling, cable, phone, and internet. Major repairs to utilities may fall under the responsibility of the landlord, but this depends on the lease agreement.
What is TI allowance in commercial real estate?
What is a TI Allowance? A tenant improvement allowance is money given from a landlord to a tenant to help pay for the improvements to an office space, or sometimes other expenses associated with moving into a new space. A tenant improvement allowance is a number generally referred to in dollars per square foot.
How do I calculate triple net?
Triple net leases are calculated by adding the yearly taxes on the property and the insurance for the space together and dividing that amount by the building total rental square footage. The process of calculating a triple net lease is simplified when an entire building is leased to one tenant.
How do you calculate commercial rent?
How to Calculate Commercial Rent:
- Take Your Price Per Square Foot.
- Multiply That by Your Total Square Footage.
- That Gives You Your Total Annual Rent.
- Divide by Twelve for Monthly Rent.
What’s the Difference Between Single, Double, and Triple Net Leases?
A triple net lease (NNN) is a type of business lease that helps landlords decrease the risk associated with commercial leasing. A triple net lease is one of three forms of net leases, which are a type of real estate contract in which a tenant is responsible for one or more extra expenditures in addition to the rent. Net leases, which often include property taxes, property insurance premiums, and maintenance costs, are frequently utilized in commercial real estate transactions. Single net leases and double net leases are two more forms of net leases that are available in addition to triple net leases.
In a double net lease, the tenant is responsible for both the rent and the property taxes, as well as the insurance costs.
Rents are often cheaper with net leases than they are with standard leases since the greater the amount of expenditures a tenant must shoulder, the lower the base rent a landlord may charge.
Single Net Leases
Single net leases, often known as net leases or “N” leases, are less popular in the rental industry than multi-unit net leases, which are more common. In this type of lease, the landlord transfers only a minimum level of risk to the tenant, who is also responsible for paying the property taxes. Therefore, the landlord is responsible for any additional expenses (such as insurance, maintenance and repairs, as well as electricity and water). The landlord is also liable for any maintenance and/or repairs that may be required within the property over the length of the lease.
However, increasing the rental payment does not relieve the landlord of his or her obligation for keeping these bills current.
Fines and/or other fees may be imposed as a result of this.
Their preference is for payments to be routed via them so that they may be assured that the taxes are paid on time and in the proper amount.
Double Net Leases
Double net leases, often known as net-net leases or “NN” leases, are very common in the commercial real estate industry. In this type of lease, the tenant is responsible for paying the property taxes and insurance fees in addition to the rent. Because of the additional expenditures that the tenant must face, the base rent (which is the amount payable for the space itself) is often lower. However, all maintenance expenditures remain the responsibility of the landlord, who is responsible for making the necessary payments immediately.
Renters often have the burden of paying taxes and insurance charges that are proportionate to the quantity of space rented.
Despite the fact that these payments are included in the tenant’s lease, the landlord’s name appears on the tax and insurance statement, indicating that they are ultimately accountable.
By requiring renters to pay these charges directly to the landlord, the landlord may prevent the complications that might arise from tenants making late or missing payments, which can result in the imposition of additional penalties.
Triple Net Leases
The triple netlease relieves the landlord of the greatest amount of risk compared to any other net lease. This implies that, in addition to the rent, property taxes, and insurance payments, the renter is also responsible for the expenses of structural upkeep and repairs to the building. A reduced base rent is usually charged by a landlord since these extra expenditures are passed on to the renter. When maintenance expenditures exceed expectations, renters with triple net leases commonly seek to break out of their leases or negotiate rent discounts with their landlords.
The term “triple net lease” refers to a lease that cannot be cancelled before the lease’s expiration date.
It is possible that renters will attempt to get out of a costly triple net lease, hence landlords may opt to utilize a bondable net lease.
Furthermore, they may be held liable for any damages to the property that are not covered by the insurance policy.
- A net lease is a type of real estate contract in which the tenant is responsible for one or more additional costs. During a single net lease, the tenant is responsible for paying a lesser base rent as well as property taxes. Furthermore, property taxes and insurance premiums are included in double net leases, in addition to the base rent
- Additional expenditures such as property taxes, insurance, and maintenance are incorporated into a triple net lease in addition to the base rent. Because of the significant expenses connected with triple net leases, tenants may seek to get out of them, which is why landlords typically utilize a bondable net lease.
Watch Now: What Is a Triple Net Lease (NNN)?
Triple net leases provide a number of distinct advantages to both investors and renters. The limits of this sort of business lease, on the other hand, should be taken into consideration by both parties before engaging into a long-term triple net leasing arrangement. Although renters in a triple net lease often take greater financial responsibility than tenants in other forms of leases, triple net leases can be advantageous to tenants in a variety of ways.
Pros of Triple Net Leases
Triple net leases are agreements between a property owner and a tenant in which the tenant pays for the property’s property taxes, insurance premiums, as well as the upkeep and repairs of the building or space, in addition to the monthly rental charge for the property or space.
The majority of triple net lease arrangements are designed to provide tenants with long-term tenancy (upwards of 20 years). Landlords benefit from this because it eliminates the danger and financial losses associated with a property becoming unoccupied between renters.
For investors, a triple net lease arrangement is a relatively low-risk investment because the tenant is liable for practically all of the expenditures involved with the property—from taxes and insurance to regular upkeep and maintenance.
Consistent Income Stream
An investor might benefit from a triple net lease since it provides a dependable stream of revenue. This sort of lease is designed to have a steady amount of rent due each month over a long period of time, such as a year or more.
Aside from that, the bulk of unforeseeable or catastrophic property expenditures will be passed on to the renter, therefore reducing any risks associated with the investment.
Triple net lease properties are frequently included in investment portfolios as a prudent, low-risk technique for generating more wealth while minimizing risk. Additionally, investors may opt to sell the property when the market reaches its peak, when the population of the area increases, or when they are ready to leverage the equity in the property to make their next acquisition.
Reduced Landlord Duties
With a triple net lease, you don’t have nearly as many duties toward the landlord as you would with a more normal lease. An investor who has more time and money can pursue other business ideas.
Long-Term Business Footprint
A long-term lease gives tenants the advantage of being able to brand their company’s location as one that is identifiable and will last a long time.
Typically, properties with triple net leases are located in easily accessible places that are in close proximity to other well-known commercial establishments. As a result, a tenant might benefit from increased traffic and exposure from consumers who visit other companies in the area.
Due to the fact that renters under a triple net lease are responsible for paying property taxes, they may be able to deduct these costs from their business expenditures, resulting in tax advantages for their company.
Cons of Triple Net Leases
Leasing companies who commit to a long-term lease lose the power to raise rents if the value of their properties rises significantly in a certain neighborhood. In the long run, this might have a negative impact on earning potential.
Vacancy Risks and Rollover Costs
A tenant’s failure to pay their rent is always a possibility, even if the contract is for an extended period of time and the renters have been properly screened. It is possible for investors to suffer losses during the period in which they are attempting to fill the vacancy.
Assuming Property Expenses
With a triple net lease, the tenant bears responsibility for the day-to-day operations and upkeep of the commercial property in question. In addition to the (at times) significant costs of operating their business, renters must be prepared to pay the building’s operations as well as any unforeseen expenses that may arise as a result of those activities. Triple net leases can be a significant financial burden, and renters must have an excellent credit history in their home country in order to qualify.
When a renter assumes responsibility for property taxes, they also assume responsibility for any related responsibilities, such as fines and penalties for filing a tax return late or incorrectly. What We Appreciate
- Triple net lease advantages include: guaranteed long-term occupancy
- Low risk investment
- And a predictable revenue stream. Increase the amount of equity
- Reduced responsibilities as a landlord
- A long-lasting commercial presence
- Location is ideal
- There are tax advantages
What We Don’t Like About It
- The disadvantages of triple net leasing include: earnings restrictions, vacancy concerns, assuming property expenditures, and tax obligations.
Triple Net Lease Example
Triple net leases are popular among major, global corporations seeking to maintain brand consistency. For instance, Walgreens is an example of a corporation that commonly enters into triple net leasing agreements. Walgreens was the second-largest drugstore in the United States in terms of total prescription revenue in 2019. Walgreens is a pharmacy and convenience store that focuses in prescription medications and home products. Walgreens has chosen triple net leases with a 25-year term. An organization that chooses a triple net lease releases the landlord from any and all responsibilities, both financial and physical.
Walgreens, on the other hand, may pick and choose from a variety of great retail locations by agreeing to triple net leases.
Walgreens looks seeking these corner spots because they provide the most visibility possible. According to industry experts, the firm is an outstanding tenant in the world of triple net leases, and it is also a conservative investment for investors.
Any renter signing into any sort of lease must be aware that their rent payments, whether they contain additional charges or notes, may grow in the future, regardless of the type of lease. A landlord may raise the rent in response to legitimate rent increases approved by local governments, such as those mandated by the Fair Housing Act. However, rents may rise as a result of reassessments of property taxes or increases in insurance rates, among other factors. However, there are other options.
- This sum includes the rental price for the space as well as any other expenses that may arise as a result of the arrangement.
- Their renter is responsible for covering these expenditures by including them in the rent they are required to pay.
- Even while traditional leases are more prevalent than net leases, they provide a greater risk to the landlord, who is responsible for covering any unexpected rises in the additional expenditures.
- A modified gross lease is another option to consider in lieu of a net lease.
- Some of the additional costs connected with the property, such as property taxes, utilities, insurance, and maintenance, are borne in part by the tenant throughout the course of the lease term.
Triple Net Lease FAQs
Triple net leases can be advantageous to both renters and landlords, depending on the circumstances. A tenant has greater flexibility in terms of their structure; they may personalize their space in order to achieve greater brand consistency without incurring the financial burden of a purchase. Another advantage is that these leases are typically extremely flexible, with restrictions on tax hikes, insurance increases, and other increases, among other things. Triple net leases may be a dependable source of revenue for landlords, and they need nothing in the way of overhead expenses.
What Is the Difference Between a Net and Triple Net Lease?
A net lease is a form of lease in which the tenant is responsible for a portion or the entirety of the property’s taxes, insurance fees, and maintenance charges in addition to the basic rent. Net leases are a type of lease that is often utilized in commercial real estate. There are three forms of net leases: single net leases, double net leases, and triple net leases. Single net leases are the most common type of net lease. Taxes, maintenance, and insurance payments are all paid by the tenant when they sign a single net lease.
By signing a double net lease, a tenant acknowledges that they are agreeing to pay for two of the three expenditure categories.
These kind of leases are frequently referred to as net-net leases. Lastly, by signing a triple net lease, a tenant acknowledges that they are agreeing to pay for each of the three expenditure categories. Triple net leases are frequently referred to as net-net-net leases or net-net-net leases.
Can You Negotiate a Triple Net Lease?
With a triple net lease, the tenant is responsible for practically all of the financial obligations. All overhead costs involved with owning the property, including taxes, insurance, running expenses, utilities, and other fees, are the tenant’s responsibility in addition to paying the rent. As a result, the amount of the basic rental might become a crucial negotiation point. A more advantageous base rental payment may often be negotiated because the tenant is assuming the risk associated with the landlord’s expenses.
How Do You Calculate a Triple Net Lease?
Various methods may be used to determine how much money is required for a triple net lease. Occasionally, landlords may tally together all of the property taxes, insurance, maintenance expenditures, and common area charges for a building and divide the amount by 12 to determine the rental rate. The cost each month is represented by this figure. When only one tenant is leasing a facility, the lease procedure is made more simpler. Most of the time, the monthly base rental price is computed using a rate per square foot of space occupied.
What Is the Landlord Responsible for in a Triple Net Lease?
With a triple net lease, the tenant is liable for the majority of the expenditures associated with the commercial property. The landlord, on the other hand, may be liable for the roof and the building, as well as the parking lot in some cases.
The Bottom Line
A net lease is a form of real estate contract in which the tenant is responsible for one or more additional expenditures. Net leases are generally used for commercial rental properties. There are three fundamental forms of net leases: single, double, and triple net leases. Single net leases are the most common. With a triple net lease, the tenant agrees to pay for all of the expenditures associated with the property, including real estate taxes, building insurance, and general upkeep and maintenance.
Triple net leases may have a lower base rent charge than traditional leases since the tenant is responsible for a greater portion of the property’s expenditures.
With a step-up lease, the rental agreement specifies that future price increases will be implemented throughout the term of the contract.
Ground leases allow tenants to make improvements to a piece of property while the lease is in effect.
An NNN Lease Versus a Gross Lease: What’s the difference?
You decide that you want to lease a space for your company, and the realtor offers you with a lease amount that is denoted by the letters NNN. What does the abbreviation NNN stand for? What is the difference between this and another option known as a gross lease? Is one of them superior than the other? Now, let’s have a look at the differences, because it’s always a good idea to be aware of what you’re talking about before making a comparison. An NNN lease is the most prevalent kind of commercial lease, and it is sometimes referred to as a triple net lease in some circles.
- The NNN costs for a building include property taxes, property insurance, and common area upkeep for the building as well as other expenses (CAM).
- The amount of yearly costs is calculated by dividing the total amount of rental square footage in the building by the whole amount of annual expenditures.
- Consider the following scenario: a commercial real estate lease in Cedar Rapids is offered at $14 NNN.
- Assume that the taxes are $7 per square foot per year, the property insurance is $0.40 per square foot per year, and the CAM is $3.00 per square foot per year in this case.
- If you are leasing 4,000 square feet, your annual rent would be $97,600, which translates to $8,133.33 each month.
- The gross rate, also known as the full-service rate, covers everything in the total leasing fee, including taxes, insurance, and maintenance.
- On a gross lease, the landlord is responsible for all or the majority of the expenditures related with the property.
On a gross lease, you are responsible for paying your own property insurance as well as your own taxes.
This is entirely up to the person, and there are advantages to both approaches.
The monthly rent on a NNN lease is often lower than the monthly fee on a gross lease; but, with a NNN lease, you are also responsible for the upkeep of the property itself.
For example, the cost of snow removal is expected to be significantly greater this winter than in prior years, and this increase will not be passed on to you.
The most fundamental rule of business leases is that renters should thoroughly study their leases and discuss with their landlords exactly what expenditures they are accountable for before signing them.
Find commercial real estate property in Cedar Rapids and the surrounding region by using the search box above.
Interested in learning more? Learn more about CAMcharges and the commercial real estate lease in our blog post. Look no further than the informative video shown below, in which Craig and Jason provide some useful information about the NNN lease.
What Is a Triple Net (NNN) Lease and What’s Included in It?
It’s likely that you’ll come across a number of commercial real estate phrases that you aren’t acquainted with when looking for office, retail, or industrial property. At AQUILA, we’ve assisted hundreds of clients in navigating and comprehending this real estate jargon and terminology. What is a triple net (NNN) lease and what it entails will be discussed in this article, as well as a brief overview of the various different types of lease arrangements. Continue reading:Commercial Leases in Austin, Texas: The Most Common Types
What Is a Triple Net (NNN) Lease?
Known also as a NNN Lease, a triple net lease is a type of lease in which the tenant agrees to pay their pro-rata portion of all expenditures related with the property’s upkeep, taxes, and insurance, in addition to a specified base rent. These expenditures are referred regarded as “operation expenses” in most circles. The expenditures involved with managing and maintaining a commercial property, such as an office building or a shopping center, are referred to as operational expenses (op/ex) or operating costs.
The total of your yearly rental obligations, referred to as gross rent, under a triple net lease will be equal to the sum of your base rental rate plus running expenditures.
How Much Does It Cost to Lease Office Space in Austin, Texas?
(Rental Rates, Pricing, and so forth.)
What Does a Triple Net Rental Rate Include?
Essentially, with a triple net lease, the agreed-upon rental amount, often known as base rent, is money in the landlord’s pocket. In this case, the money will be utilized to pay off any outstanding debt on the property, and it is also where a profit may be generated. In addition to the basic rent, you agree to pay for any running expenditures that arise as a result of your occupancy. The tenant is solely liable for the actual cost of operating the property over the course of the year, notwithstanding the fact that these operating expenditures will be reimbursed at an expected rate.
More information may be found at: The Definition of Opex Reconciliation and What It Means for Tenants and Landlords This is in contrast to a full-service lease arrangement, in which the tenant agrees to pay a set fee that covers all running expenditures as part of the lease agreement.
Also keep in mind that if the property’s operational expenditures decrease for whatever reason, you will see that reduction directly reflected in your gross rent.
On the other hand, because operational expenditures might fluctuate from year to year, it can be difficult to plan for your yearly rental payments because they are unpredictable.
Other Lease Elements
Along with your rental rate and running expenditures, there are other aspects of a NNN lease that might have an impact on your entire financial commitment. Here are a few examples. Check out the following article:Your Guide to the Elements of a Commercial Lease
Tenant Improvement Allowance
Rental property owners may give renters a tenant improvement allowance (TI allowance) as a form of inducement to persuade them to sign a lease. When a tenant wants to build up their office, retail, or industrial space, they are often offered a dollar amount per square foot by the landlord. In most cases, tenant improvement allowances can be utilized to pay any hard or soft expenditures related with your space, such as paint, flooring, wiring, and other similar expenses.
Free Rent is another another form of inducement that landlords frequently provide to tenants who sign long-term leases. Free rent is exactly what it sounds like: when a landlord provides a renter a few months of rent at no cost at the beginning of the lease, this is known as “free rent.” The tenant is nevertheless liable for running expenditures over the term of a triple net lease, which is characterized by free rent that often only applies to the base rent.
Other Types of Lease Structures
A triple net structure is used to arrange the majority of office leases in the city of Austin. But there are a variety of additional lease options that you may encounter in different marketplaces. These are some examples:
- Full Service/Gross: The tenant pays a single, flat yearly price that includes an estimate from the landlord as to what the landlord’s operating and capital expenditures will be throughout the course of the lease. Single Net: the renter is responsible for their pro-rata portion of property taxes in addition to base rent. A double net arrangement is one in which the tenant pays their pro-rata portion of property taxes and insurance in addition to the basic rent. According to a percentage, the tenant agrees to pay a basic rent and running expenditures, in addition to an extra variable monthly cost that is based on the tenant’s monthly income
Continue reading:Commercial Leases in Austin, Texas: The Most Common Types
Please refer to the following articles if you want to learn more about Triple Net Leases or alternative lease structures:
- Commercial Leases in Austin, Texas are typically of the following types: The Elements of a Commercial Lease: A Guide for the Uninitiated I’m wondering how much it would cost to lease office space in Austin, Texas. (Rental Rates & Pricing
If you’d want to learn more about leasing office space, check out our Ultimate Guide to Finding Office Space for additional information.
What the Heck Does NNN Mean? Commercial Real Estate
In the course of your search for commercial real estate, whether it’s for office space, warehouse space, industrial space or retail space, you’ve definitely come across the term “NNN” next to the advertised rent and wondered what it meant. No longer are you perplexed. In this piece, we’ll dispel the mystery around what the heck NNN stands for in relation to all of the Office, Warehouse, and Retail Space listings you’ve been seeing on the internet.
What Does NNN Mean?
NNN is an abbreviation for Triple Net Rent. Commercial real estate rent of this sort is structured such that you pay the amount specified plus extra expenditures (often Operating Expenses) on top of that. Suppose the Office Space listing you’re interested in states that the rent is $24.00 NNN per sqft/year (net notional rent). The $24.00 figure represents your Base Rent. That is the bare minimum amount of rent that you must pay in order to lease the premises. In addition to the Base Rent, you will be required to pay additional funds to cover the costs of operating the building (or NNN or Triple Net Expenses).
This list of expenditures varies from property to property, although they are generally less than the Base Rent that is indicated. More information on the advantages and disadvantages of NNN may be found here.
What Do NNN Expenses Include?
Typically, your proportionate part of the exterior upkeep of the building, as well as your property insurance and property taxes, are included in your NNN expenditures. It is customary for them to be quoted on a per-square-foot basis.
Are There Any Other Expenses to Consider?
Essentially, the answer is yes. In addition to paying your Triple Net Expenditures, you will be liable for your own expenses associated with operating your business out of the space. Electricity, water, gas, and other utilities, as well as internet access and cleaning services, are included in these costs. Given that NNN rentals are not easily discernible, you should always inquire of the landlord or the commercial real estate agent that represents the listing on the NNN rates. Following the receipt of this information, you may add it to the basic rent to determine your total out-of-pocket monthly rent expenditure for leasing the commercial space.
Then, in order to calculate your total monthly rent, you must add the $24.00 basic rate plus an additional $6.00, divide the amount by 12 months, and multiply the result by the total square feet you will be leasing.
Then do anything along the lines of: Rent per month is calculated as (24+6 = 30) / 12= $2.50x 3,000= $7,500.
Commercial Real Estate Terminology
It is always possible to look up the meaning of any commercial real estate lease terms in ourGlossary of Commercial Real Estate Terms if you come across any that you are not acquainted with.
Digsy’sOn-Demand Commercial Real Estate Experts not only save you time by assisting you in choosing the ideal place for your company, but they also relieve tension by assisting you in understanding rentals, running expenditures, and even negotiating with landlords on your behalf, among other services. You can find out more about using Digsy to locate commercial real estate by visiting this page. If you have any more questions, please post them in the comments section below and we will get back to you as soon as possible!
Searching for Office, Warehouse, or Retail Space for Rent?
County of Los Angeles Orange County is a county located in the U.S. state of California. San Bernardino County is located in the state of California. Riverside County is located in the state of California. County of San Diego Currently, Andrew serves as the co-founder and CEO of Digsy, a free online platform that assists local company owners in saving time and money when searching for their ideal office, retail, or warehouse space. Andrew worked as a Senior Vice President and Principal of LeeAssociates Commercial Real Estate Services in Irvine, California, before joining Digsy.
What You Should Know About The Triple Net (NNN) Lease
The NNN Lease, often known as the triple net lease or just the triple net lease, is a typical lease arrangement in commercial real estate. The triple net lease structure, despite the widespread use of the NNN lease, is still widely misunderstood by many commercial real estate professionals, despite its popularity.
Throughout this post, we’ll take a deep dive into the NNN lease, debunk some popular misconceptions about the triple net lease, and then tie everything together with a clear and straightforward example.
What is a Triple Net (NNN) Lease?
First and foremost, what precisely is a triple net lease, sometimes known as a NNN lease? A triple net (NNN) lease is described as a lease type in which the tenant is liable for paying all of the operational expenditures connected with a property under the terms of the agreement. Triple net, also known as NNN, leases are considered a “turnkey” investment since the landlord is not liable for any of the associated running costs. Having said that, in order to completely comprehend the NNN lease, it is necessary to first have an understanding of the spectrum of commercial real estate leases.
The Spectrum of Commercial Real Estate Leases
Generally speaking, all commercial real estate leases lie somewhere along a spectrum, with absolute net leases on one end and absolute gross leases on the other end of the spectrum. The majority of leases fall somewhere in the center and are therefore classified as hybrid leases. A triple net or NNN lease is commonly referred to as an absolute net lease by the majority of people when they talk about them. Even if a lease is designated as a NNN lease, this does not imply that it is an absolute net lease in the traditional sense of the term.
As an example, in the case of a newly constructed building, the tenant may be liable for paying replacements such when roofs and HVAC systems as they wear out over time.
When working with commercial real estate leases, the most essential thing to remember is to ALWAYS read the lease before signing it.
Simple labels such as triple net, full service, or modified gross, which are routinely employed by brokers and landlords, will frequently be in contradiction with the actual terms of the lease, as would the actual conditions of the lease.
What the NNN Lease Does Not Include
No matter if you have signed an absolute net lease, a widespread misconception is that even an absolute net lease covers all of the expenditures related with the property, which is not always the case. Despite the fact that a real absolute NNN lease with a good tenant might be considered of as a turnkey commercial property from the standpoint of the landlord or investor, even an absolute net lease contains some expenditures that will not be covered by the tenant (s). If the landlord’s CPA charges for accounting services, or if the landlord’s attorneys charge for legal services while preparing or reviewing papers, it is uncommon for a NNN lease to cover such fees as well.
Triple Net Lease Investment Risks
A prevalent misperception about triple net lease investments is that they are almost risk-free. This is not true at all. While triple net investments provide a number of advantages, there are also a number of hazards that should be taken into mind before proceeding. As a result of the long-term leases and pass-throughs in place, triple net lease investments provide a predictable revenue stream, as well as a generally hassle-free investment due to the low management needs associated with the investments.
First and foremost, because the majority of triple net lease investments are made in single-tenant buildings, it is critical to understand tenant credit risk.
As an example, However, it is conceivable for a financially robust and publicly traded tenant to fall out of favor throughout the course of the lease and, as a result, file for bankruptcy.
Another danger to think about is the possibility of re-releasing.
If the new owner does not have the necessary capabilities or a competent staff to execute the transition, there is a significant danger of tenant rollover.
Assessing Tenant Credit Risk in a Triple Net Lease
In order to properly evaluate a triple net lease investment property, it is necessary to first understand the credit risk associated with the real tenant (s). After all, a lease is only as strong as the tenant who is signing it, therefore examining the financial accounts of the tenant on the other side of a NNN lease is crucial to determining the extent of the downside risk involved in the transaction. Several single tenant triple net lease transactions feature publicly listed corporations, such as Starbucks, Walgreens, and Arby’s, among others.
Credit research for private enterprises takes a little more time and work, but it is a worthwhile exercise if the goal is to gain a better understanding of credit risk by reviewing financial statements and patterns.
What You Should Know About Commercial Real Estate Leases
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Triple Net Lease Example
Let’s look at an example of how a proforma is formed when a triple net lease is in place to see what we mean. For example, let’s say we have the following cash flows for a hypothetical investment property: The proforma presented above does not contain any expenditure reimbursements from the tenant. To put it another way, the proforma assumes that all of the leases are absolute gross leases, which means that the landlord is responsible for all of the expenditures associated with the property. Now consider how the proforma changes if the renter pays the landlord’s whole bill for the property’s upkeep and repair costs: On the second proforma, it can be seen that the triple net lease in place generates extra reimbursement revenue that completely offsets all of the operational expenditures.
Ultimately, however, what the NNN lease does is that it transfers the obligation, and hence the risk, of covering running expenditures from the landlord to the tenant, which is beneficial to both parties.
The example above illustrates how a proforma might be constructed in the event that these reimbursements were made.
This lease form, sometimes known as the “triple net lease,” is a popular one in the commercial real estate industry because of its flexibility. Throughout this essay, we discussed the definition of a triple net lease in the context of the broader range of commercial real estate leases available.
As part of this discussion, we also addressed some common misconceptions regarding the NNN lease, covered some of the primary risks involved with triple net lease investment properties, and ultimately went over the process of creating a triple net lease proforma from scratch.
What Does ‘NNN’ Mean in Commercial Real Estate?
Real estate has traditionally been the preferred investment for people seeking to accumulate long-term wealth for their families and future generations. By subscribing to our complete real estate investment guide, you will receive assistance in navigating this asset class. It’s understandable that if you’re unfamiliar with the realm of commercial real estate, you might be thinking, “What does NNN mean?” We’ve included a brief explanation of this often used real estate phrase below. Please continue reading to discover more about what the word “NNN” means in a business context, how this sort of commercial lease differs from other types of lease arrangements, and what the benefits of leasing a triple net property are to you.
What does NNN mean?
“NNN” is an acronym for the term “triple net lease,” which is used in the real estate industry. As an underlying commercial lease structure, the triple net lease has a condition which states that the lessee is liable for covering certain expenditures involved with the property’s operation in addition to paying their basic rent. When using a triple net lease, these operational expenditures are likely to be divided into three distinct categories, or “nets.” They are as follows:
- Real estate taxes, property insurance, and operating expenditures are all included.
Despite the fact that the lessee will only have to write one check to the landlord, their monthly rent is often divided down into two independent components: the basic rent and the NNN fee, which are both paid to the landlord separately. The term “base rent” refers to the monthly rent that is specified in a business contract. It is also the very minimum amount of rent that will be charged to the renter on a monthly basis. On the other hand, NNN expenses are an extra charge that is intended to pay the three sorts of fees described above.
Triple net lease calculation example
It is common in commercial leases to compute both the basic rent and any NNN charges on the basis of a flat cost per square foot. Consider the following scenario: you’re leasing a 1,000-square-foot office space at a basic rental cost of $25 per square foot and a NNN rate of $10 per square foot, respectively.
- A base rent of $1,000 square feet multiplied by a rate of $25 per square foot equals $25,000 per year or $2,084 per month
- NNN expenditures of $1,000 square feet multiplied by a rate of $10 per square foot equals $10,000 per year or $834 per month a total annual leasing rate of $35,000 (equivalent to $2,917 per month)
How does an NNN lease differ from other types of commercial real estate leases?
Despite the fact that the triple net lease is a frequent lease form, it is simply one sort of commercial real estate lease among several. We’ve included a quick overview of the different sorts of business leases below to make the process of drafting a lease agreement a little easier. You should go over them to have a better understanding of what sort of lease would be the best option for your investment property.
A gross lease, which is sometimes known as a “full-service lease,” just charges the renter the base rate. With this sort of lease, the landlord agrees to cover practically every operating expense related to the operation of the facility, such as maintenance fees, property taxes, and building insurance, as well as the cost of the structure itself.
Modified gross lease
A modified gross lease is a type of lease that falls between between net leases and gross leases. A base rental fee, utilities, and a share of the NNN expenditures are often agreed upon by the renter in this situation.
According to the unique lease, the specifics of what each party is responsible for will vary; nevertheless, in most cases, the tenant’s NNN fee is calculated based on the percentage of the building that they occupy.
An “N lease,” often known as a “single net lease,” is a type of commercial contract. In the case of a single net lease, the lessee is responsible for both the base rent and the real estate taxes due on the property. In this case, the landlord is responsible for paying the property insurance premiums as well as any running expenses incurred over the duration of the lease.
As you might have guessed, a “NN lease” is also referred to as a “double net lease” in some circles. In a double net lease, the tenant is liable for the payment of property taxes and building insurance, while the property owner is responsible for the payment of maintenance charges.
Absolute NNN lease
According to an absolute NNN rental agreement, a tenant is liable for all of the expenses related with the care and operation of the facility, including any substantial repairs that may be required. This sort of commercial lease is uncommon, and it is often reserved for instances in which there is a single tenant with great credit and a well-established portfolio of properties. Notably, the base price for an absolute net lease is typically substantially lower than the base rate for a traditional lease to account for all of the additional expenditures that the tenant is responsible for.
Compared to the other forms of commercial leases, percentage leases operate in a somewhat different way. As part of a percentage lease agreement, the tenant is required to pay the landlord a percentage of their gross business sales in addition to their base rent payment. Large retail venues, such as malls and shopping centers, are often the primary sort of business that makes use of this form of leasing arrangement.
What are the benefits of an NNN lease?
The most significant advantage of a triple net lease for a property owner is that you assume less financial obligation for the property. As a result, landlords in triple net lease investments are only liable for performing major repairs because the tenant is responsible for paying the tax payment, the property insurance cost, and any operational expenditures. Reduced bills will make overall property management more straightforward, and you’ll require less cash on hand at any one moment as a result of this.
For the tenant
Signing a lease on a triple net property entails a greater level of responsibility in the long run. However, there are some advantages to signing this sort of lease arrangement that should not be overlooked. Most of the time, landlords will provide some benefits in exchange for the renter accepting responsibility for these expenses on their own. Among other things, the landlord could give a cheaper basic rental rate or a credit for tenant improvements.
Finally, the term “NNN” only refers to a certain sort of commercial real estate lease, and it is not intended to be confusing. A triple net lease is one in which the tenant is liable for all of the property’s expenses, including taxes, insurance, and any other running expenses.
If you’re considering signing a lease of this nature, like with any commercial deal, be sure you properly study it and have all of your questions addressed before signing on the dotted line.
What Does ‘NNN Lease / Triple Net Lease’ Mean?
Due to the fact that there is no common lease template or standard form at the state or national level, there are many different types of commercial real estate leases. In most cases, you will not encounter a lease agreement that is even somewhat identical to one that was previously signed by the same landlord on the same property unless you are dealing with the same landlord and on the same property. Even the term of a lease can vary greatly, and shorter leases are not always preferable. Understanding the terms and conditions of a lease agreement becomes even more important in light of all of this.
Whether it’s a triple net lease, a double net lease, a single net lease, a full-service lease, or even a gross or modified-gross lease, the terms of the lease all indicate who is responsible for things like taxes, insurance, and common area upkeep, among other things.
Here, we’ll go through what these phrases imply, how they effect both the tenant and the landlord, and how a triple net lease may provide you greater negotiating power when it comes time to negotiate your lease.
Understanding Commercial Real Estate Leases and Clauses
However, even though there is no standard contract or uniform form for leases, it is crucial to understand that the vast majority of lease agreements are written with the landlord’s best interests in mind. Knowing the many types of lease arrangements, as well as the rewards and liabilities that come with them, is the most important thing you can do to prepare yourself for the process of assessing leases, especially for seasoned professionals. While finding the correct location is vital, obtaining the appropriate lease conditions is even more critical in order to guarantee that your firm can maintain healthy cash flow and accurately account for all ongoing costs.
If you are signing a legally binding contract that has been prepared by an opposing party, it is essential that you have had the document well reviewed and understood.
It’s critical to understand the many types of lease forms and conditions before reaching an agreement on the terms of a property and moving forward with a draft lease.
Understanding this will assist you in correctly evaluating all of your alternatives so that you can comfortably move forward with a certain property purchase.
WHAT IS A NNN LEASE / TRIPLE NET LEASE?
One of the most frequent lease structures in commercial real estate is the Triple Net Lease, sometimes known as the NNN Lease. Furthermore, a Triple Net Lease incorporates a condition that states that the tenant is liable for certain expenditures involved with maintaining and managing the property in addition to their regular rent. These expenses are broken down into three “Nets.” Each “N” or “Net” represents one of the following: Property Taxes minus the net amount Insurance is referred to as a net.
Repairs and maintenance expenditures, garbage removal, snow removal, landscaping, parking lot upkeep, security and fire safety, elevator maintenance, property management, and outside lighting are just a few examples of the costs associated with these services.
With a Triple Net Lease, you normally pay the landlord one check every month, but that check is divided into two primary categories: the rent and the maintenance.
- The Base Rent Amount
- The Triple Net Amount (also known as NNN)
- And the Net Rent Amount (also known as NNN).
It is based on the square footage of the property that you are leasing or occupying that you compute both your basic rental costs and your triple net lease expenditures. The following is an example of how payments would be broken down: If you rented 2,000 square feet at a $24 per square foot Base Rent (or lease rate) and a $8 per square foot Triple Net, the payments would be as follows:
- Base Rent: 2,000 square feet multiplied by $24 per square foot is $48,000 per year or $4,000 per month. Triple Net: 2,000 square feet times $8 per square foot equals $16,000 a year or $1,333 per month.
Rental costs are $5,333 per month for the entire apartment, with the Triple Net amounting to $1,333 per month. Some jurisdictions, such as California, categorize their lease rates according to the price per square foot per month.
Why Triple Net Leases Are Popular
Among the most prevalent types of leases you’ll encounter are triple net leases in retail assets as well as modern medical office buildings, hospital campuses, and the bulk of traditional office buildings. After a Full-Service Lease, Gross Leases and Modified Gross Leases are the most often used types of leasing agreements. There are a variety of reasons why triple net leases are so popular. They are simpler to get for renters because they relieve the landlord of part of the burden of property management and investment, such as building insurance and maintenance fees, by assuming some of these responsibilities.
Triple Net Lease: Risks and Benefits
Triple Net leases, like most things in life, offer advantages as well as disadvantages, as well as added responsibilities. Now, let’s take a closer look at each of them so you can make a better educated choice about whether or not this option makes sense for you and your practice.
Benefits of Triple Net Leases
Rent is typically computed on a per-square-foot basis over a 12-month period in the majority of states. States such as California, on the other hand, charge rent on a per-square-foot-per-month basis. As a result, $24 per square foot each year in Florida is equal to $2 per square foot per month in California. Triple Net leases provide a number of advantages over other types of leases, including the fact that they are frequently easier to obtain for tenants because of their transparent price structure.
As an extra benefit, you may utilize this structure to your advantage while negotiating a lease, particularly if you have excellent credit, good financials, and a long track record of on-time payments and payments in full.
Obligations of Triple Net Leases
Rent is typically computed on a per-square-foot basis over a 12-month period in most states. The cost of renting a square foot per month is charged in some areas, such as California. The result is that in Florida, $24 for each square foot per year is the equivalent of $2 for each square foot per month in California. Additionally, as previously indicated, Triple Net leases are frequently easier to get for tenants because of their straightforward price structure. Triple Net leases also have the additional advantage of being more flexible in terms of term length.
As an extra benefit, you may utilize this structure to your advantage when negotiating a lease, particularly if you have excellent credit, good financials, and a long track record of on-time payments, as described above.
To discuss all of these factors and how they pertain to your specific practice, our CARR team is available for confidential discussions. Please contact us for more information. The fact that we advocate on your behalf to assist you in making decisions that are in your best interests and position you for the highest degree of success for years to come is something we take great pleasure in.
Professional tenant representation is a requirement no matter what level of your practice you are at at the moment. We’re here to protect your healthcare practice from financial obligation and additional expenditures, so that you may focus on building a successful future.
The Benefits of a Key Advisor
It is subtle and complicated to navigate the commercial real estate business, and we want you to transfer this task to us! Consequently, you will have more time to devote to the more sophisticated areas of your profession, while we will handle the negotiating, site selection, and due diligence processes associated with commercial real estate transactions. It’s what we’ve been doing for decades, and it comes at no cost to you. You can be certain that we are entirely lobbying on your side in all areas.
Your practice’s physical location communicates a great deal about it and has an impact on all aspect of its operations, including staffing, patient retention, referrals, and much more. It is critical that you locate and advertise your practice in the most effective manner possible. Our specialists are available to assist you in determining the marketability of any location, property, and space you are contemplating in order to maximize the use of your commercial property for the benefit of your practice and maximize your profits.
Managing the Process
We are devoted to walking alongside you throughout the whole process, and our specialists will be there for you at every stage. Starting with site selection and due investigation, we’ll guide you through the whole process, from negotiating leases and purchase contracts to building the most skilled and experienced team of partners in the business.
The ultimate purpose of our firm is to serve as your trusted adviser and champion in order to assist you in achieving the outcomes you deserve.
With a Triple Net lease, you, as the tenant, have a tremendous amount of negotiation leverage in your favor. A cheaper monthly base rent may be available to you since you are covering a greater proportion of the property’s expenditures and accepting greater risk. This is especially true if you have an excellent credit history and other indicators of reliability. We can assist you in determining the most effective strategies to capitalize on these advantages while you negotiate your lease. In the second installment of this series, we will discuss Full-Service Leases.
Each of these lease alternatives has its own breakdown of what the tenant is liable for and what the landlord is responsible for, resulting in significant disparities in price per square foot and continuing expenditures between the two options.
Understanding each phrase will better prepare you to make the most educated decision possible for the benefit of your business.
Click here for answers to some of the most commonly asked questions concerning commercial real estate. | <urn:uuid:98ff3283-4ea1-4215-85fd-a2b887fd676c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.signaturegrouprealty.net/blog/what-is-nnn-in-commercial-real-estate-solution.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00476.warc.gz | en | 0.948274 | 12,466 | 1.992188 | 2 |
Thiel, D. (2012) Builders: Class, Gender and Ethnicity in the Construction Industry. London: Routledge.
Carrabine, E., Cox, P., Fussey, P., Hobbs, D., South, N., Thiel, D., and Turton, J. (2014; 3rd Edition) Criminology: A Sociological Introduction. Routledge: London.
Thiel, D. (2015) 'Moral Truth and Compounded Trauma: The Effects of Acquittal of Homicide Defendants upon the Families of the Victims', Homicide Studies, forthcoming.
Thiel, D. (2013) ‘Builders, Bodies, and Bifurcations: How London Construction Workers “Learn to Labour”, Ethnography 14(4):412-430.
Thiel, D. (2010) ‘Contacts and Contracts: Economic Embeddedness and Ethnic Stratification in London’s Construction Market’, Ethnography 11(3): 443-471.
Thiel, D. (2007) 'Class in Construction: London Building Workers, Dirty Work and Physical Cultures', British Journal of Sociology 58(2):227-251. (Reprinted in R. Hobbs (ed. 2011) Ethnography in Context. Sage).
Thiel, D. (2015) 'Criminal Ignorance' in M. Gross and L. McGoey (eds) International Handbook of Ignorance Studies. Routledge.
Thiel, D. (2012) 'Ethnography and Flux: Identity and Epistemology in Construction Fieldwork', in S. Pink, A. Dainty and D. Tutt (eds) Ethnographic Research in The Construction Industry. Routledge.
Innes, M. and Thiel, D. (2008) 'Policing Terror', in T. Newburn (ed) The Handbook of Policing, Second edition. Cullompton: Willan.
Thiel, D, Speed, E. and Cristo, S. (2015) The Impact of Welfare Reform in Essex: A Report for the Essex Housing Officers' Group
Thiel, D. (2013) Double Injustice, Double Trauma: The Effects of Acquittal of Offenders upon the Families' of Victims of Homicide (Published on the Social Science Research Network: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2364398)
Thiel, D. and Gillan, K. (2010) ‘Factors affecting participation in assisted voluntary return programmes and successful reintegration: a review of the evidence’, Home Office Research Report 29.
Bryan, R., Cocke, B., Gillan, K. and Thiel, D. (2010) ‘The Voluntary Assisted Return and Reintegration Programme (VARRP) 2004 and 2004 extension: monitoring report’, Home Office Research Report 30.
Stoneman, P. and Thiel, D. (2010) NEET in Essex: A Review of the Evidence (report produced for Essex County Council)
Thiel, D. (2009) Policing Terrorism: A Review of the Evidence. London: The Police Foundation. | <urn:uuid:2923506f-c12c-4600-8281-a248e2de67ab> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.essex.ac.uk/sociology/staff/profile.aspx?ID=145 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00329-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.663724 | 675 | 1.570313 | 2 |
I work in the typical big company corporate environment where access to webmail sites, social networks, etc. is blocked. In such an environment, having an Android phone has been a bliss. Being able to access and (if required) reply to personal emails without waiting till the end of the day is something that I can't do without any more. Also, Twitter!
One fly in the ointment is having to type on the phone's virtual keyboard. I am not one of those folks that can bang out paragraphs on these tiny things. I'd much rather be typing on the large keyboard sitting in front of me most of the time. Wouldn't it be great if I could just type out my email replies and twitter posts on my desk keyboard and then have that text somehow transported to the phone?
Well, there's this magical little thing called Chrome to Phone which does just that! Chrome to Phone is a browser extension for the Google Chrome browser. Its main purpose is to send the link that is currently open in the browser window to the linked Android phone. Watch the below video to see what it does.
Chrome to Phone also has a secondary feature: if you select some text from the current browser page & hit the send to phone button, it'll copy that selected text to the phone's clipboard! So all I have to do now is type out some text in the browser, select it, hit send to phone, wait one or two seconds for the text to make its way to my phone and then hit paste on the phone!
But where do I type out the text? I started off using the Google search entry box as a placeholder to compose text. Then Google Instant launched & ruined everything. So I went looking for an alternative when I found textarea.org.
Go ahead, open textarea.org! When you are done admiring its simplicity, come back here.
As you can see,
textarea.org is as simple as a browser based text editor can get. Perfect for typing out stuff & then sending it off to my phone! I used it happily for a while till I found an imperfection.
See, sometimes I feel lazy & even compose Twitter posts in
textarea.org before sending them off to Seesmic on the phone. As you may know, Twitter has this deep technical limitation that they can't handle posts longer than 140 characters. So sometimes, I would type out something on the computer & send it to the phone only to find that I had exceeded the limit that can't be exceeded. Which meant editing the post on the phone to get it down to size.
Wouldn't it be sweet if
textarea.org also showed me a character count as I typed? It would be! Let's suggest this feature! But... I couldn't find any way to contact the folks behind
textarea.org to suggest this enhancement.
Which brings us to Textarea Enhanced. I took the
textarea.org code (please don't sue me!) and added a simple character counter. That is all. Thanks for reading!
PS: This post is way longer than the five lines of code it took to enhance the original Textarea. | <urn:uuid:dbfc47ba-8a32-424f-8290-299b652200a5> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://antrix.net/posts/2010/textarea-enhanced/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988725470.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183845-00076-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952979 | 654 | 1.765625 | 2 |
A flexible Surface-Water Routing (SWR1) Process that solves the continuity equation for one-dimensional and two-dimensional surface-water flow routing has been developed for the U.S. Geological Survey three-dimensional groundwater model, MODFLOW-2005. Simple level- and tilted-pool reservoir routing and a diffusive-wave approximation of the Saint-Venant equations have been implemented. Both methods can be implemented in the same model and the solution method can be simplified to represent constant-stage elements that are functionally equivalent to the standard MODFLOW River or Drain Package boundary conditions. A generic approach has been used to represent surface-water features (reaches) and allows implementation of a variety of geometric forms. One-dimensional geometric forms include rectangular, trapezoidal, and irregular cross section reaches to simulate one-dimensional surface-water features, such as canals and streams. Two-dimensional geometric forms include reaches defined using specified stage-volume-area-perimeter (SVAP) tables and reaches covering entire finite-difference grid cells to simulate two-dimensional surface-water features, such as wetlands and lakes. Specified SVAP tables can be used to represent reaches that are smaller than the finite-difference grid cell (for example, isolated lakes), or reaches that cannot be represented accurately using the defined top of the model. Specified lateral flows (which can represent point and distributed flows) and stage-dependent rainfall and evaporation can be applied to each reach. The SWR1 Process can be used with the MODFLOW Unsaturated Zone Flow (UZF1) Package to permit dynamic simulation of runoff from the land surface to specified reaches. Surface-water/groundwater interactions in the SWR1 Process are mathematically defined to be a function of the difference between simulated stages and groundwater levels, and the specific form of the reach conductance equation used in each reach. Conductance can be specified directly or calculated as a function of the simulated wetted perimeter and defined reach bed hydraulic properties, or as a weighted combination of both reach bed hydraulic properties and horizontal hydraulic conductivity. Each reach can be explicitly coupled to a single specific groundwater-model layer or coupled to multiple groundwater-model layers based on the reach geometry and groundwater-model layer elevations in the row and column containing the reach. Surface-water flow between reservoirs is simulated using control structures. Surface-water flow between reaches, simulated by the diffusive-wave approximation, can also be simulated using control structures. A variety of control structures have been included in the SWR1 Process and include (1) excess-volume structures, (2) uncontrolled-discharge structures, (3) pumps, (4) defined stage-discharge relations, (5) culverts, (6) fixed- or movable-crest weirs, and (7) fixed or operable gated spillways. Multiple control structures can be implemented in individual reaches and are treated as composite flow structures. Solution of the continuity equation at the reach-group scale (a single reach or a user-defined collection of individual reaches) is achieved using exact Newton methods with direct solution methods or exact and inexact Newton methods with Krylov sub-space methods. Newton methods have been used in the SWR1 Process because of their ability to solve nonlinear problems. Multiple SWR1 time steps can be simulated for each MODFLOW time step, and a simple adaptive time-step algorithm, based on user-specified rainfall, stage, flow, or convergence constraints, has been implemented to better resolve surface-water response. A simple linear- or sigmoid-depth scaling approach also has been implemented to account for increased bed roughness at small surface-water depths and to increase numerical stability. A line-search algorithm also has been included to improve the quality of the Newton-step upgrade vector, if possible. The SWR1 Process has been benchmarked against one- and two-dimensional numerical solutions from existing one- and two-dimensional numerical codes that solve the dynamic-wave approximation of the Saint-Venant equations. Two-dimensional solutions test the ability of the SWR1 Process to simulate the response of a surface-water system to (1) steady flow conditions for an inclined surface (solution of Manning's equation), and (2) transient inflow and rainfall for an inclined surface. The one-dimensional solution tests the ability of the SWR1 Process to simulate a looped network with multiple upstream inflows and several control structures. The SWR1 Process also has been compared to a level-pool reservoir solution. A synthetic test problem was developed to evaluate a number of different SWR1 solution options and simulate surface-water/groundwater interaction. The solution approach used in the SWR1 Process may not be applicable for all surface-water/groundwater problems. The SWR1 Process is best suited for modeling long-term changes (days to years) in surface-water and groundwater flow. Use of the SWR1 Process is not recommended for modeling the transient exchange of water between streams and aquifers when local and convective acceleration and other secondary effects (for example, wind and Coriolis forces) are substantial. Dam break evaluations and two-dimensional evaluations of spatially extensive domains are examples where acceleration terms and secondary effects would be significant, respectively. | <urn:uuid:04cd8a93-cc12-4eba-9b76-05b494aa63c7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/tm6A40 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.90807 | 1,086 | 2.40625 | 2 |
Sample preparation requirements:
Samples suitable for electron microscopy need to:
- be able to withstand vacuum
- be stable under the electron beam
- either be conductive or have a conductive coating
Samples suitable for quantitative microanalysis need to :
- be perfectly flat and highly polished (final grit size < 1 µm), commonly referred to as mirror polish.
The size and shape of the sample are constrained by the type of sample holders that are available. We have a variety of sample holders that can accommodate the following samples:
- Six to nine 1’’ (25.4 mm) diameter cylindrical mounts or plugs. Minimum thickness is 2 mm; maximum thickness is 2 cm.
- Four 1.25 ‘’ (31.75 mm) diameter of cylindrical samples
- Four to six 1’’ x 1.8’’ (25.4 mm x 45 mm) thin sections. Maximum thickness of the slide: 0.05’’ or 1.2 mm.
- Custom-sized samples can also be accommodated. Check specifics of your sample size and shape with the Lab Manager.
Further Literature on EPMA sample preparation
- Echlin, P., 2011. Handbook of sample preparation for scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis. Springer Science & Business Media.
- Geller, J.D. and Engle, P.D., 2002. Sample Preparation for Electron Probe Microanalysis—Pushing the Limits. Journal of research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, 107(6), p.627
- Jana, D., 2006, April. Sample preparation techniques in petrographic examinations of construction materials: A state-of-the-art review. In Proceedings of the twenty-eighth Conference on Cement Microscopy (p. 48).
- Hall, M. and Hayward, C., 2014. Preparation of micro-and crypto-tephras for quantitative microbeam analysis. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 398(1), pp.21-28.
- McCall, J. ed., 2012. Metallographic specimen preparation: optical and electron microscopy. Springer Science & Business Media.
- Rémond, G., Nockolds, C., Phillips, M. and Roques-Carmes, C., 2002. Implications of polishing techniques in quantitative X-ray microanalysis. Journal of research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, 107(6), p.639.
- Richter, S. Mayer, J., 2012. Sample preparation for EPMA. EMAS2012, 10th Regional Workshop on Electron Probe Microanalysis Today.
- Taggart, J.E., 1977. Polishing technique for geologic samples. American Mineralogist, 62(7-8), pp.824-827.
- Teague, T., 1989. An improved technique for polishing difficult geological materials using a colloidal silica suspension. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 59(4), p.635.
Further web content on sample preparation:
- Comparison of the performance of various commercially available epoxies for grain mounting: https://www.ed.ac.uk/geosciences/facilities/ionprobe/technical/epoxyresins
- A step-by-step guide to mount small grains from the Getty conservation program: https://uclagettyprogram.wordpress.com/2014/03/29/mounting-small-samples/
- A guide to ultrasonic cleaning: https://www.kemet.co.uk/blog/cleaning/ultrasonic-cleaning-the-complete-guide
- How to remove cured epoxy: https://ravescientific.com/education/36-removing-cured-epoxy
- Best practices for cleaning SEM stubs: https://ravescientific.com/education/35-best-practices-for-cleaning-sem-stubs-and-mounts
- A guide to choosing coating materials for SEM/EPMA samples: https://ravescientific.com/education/37-proper-target-material-selection-when-coating-samples-using-an-sem-sputter-coater
Tech notes from various vendors: | <urn:uuid:218e8001-3fc7-428a-8285-7a077ffa407b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://probelab.esci.umn.edu/sample-preparation | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.752043 | 1,008 | 2.359375 | 2 |
Soldiers AvenuePrint Page
The first trees in the Avenue of Honour at Freshwater were planted along what was formerly called Matheson Street but renamed Soldiers Ave about 1922 or 1923. It is thought the first tree was planted near the corner of Oliver Street to honour members of Freshwater SLSC.
There are numerous mentions of the memorial in the minutes of Warringah Council meetings throughout the 1920s and 1930s, particularly regarding requests from individuals and organisations for missing or dead trees to be replaced or for tree guards to be repainted. Some of the remaining trees were planted after World War One and some were planted after World War Two.
In May 2011 the Soldiers Avenue of Honour Action Group asked Warringah Council to help it get the avenue listed on the state register, after which the he council appointed a heritage landscape architect to assess the avenue and its worthiness for state listing.
The heritage landscape architect reported that only two of the trees in the street date from the 1920s and that increasingly tougher standards for state heritage listing would preclude Soldiers Avenue. He said this did not mean the avenue is not of heritage significance, just that it is of local rather than state significance.
In 2013, Friends of Freshwater president Peter Harley said local residents are determine to keep pushing for state listing for the trees, the plaques and the two remaining plinths. He said there are 66 trees in the Avenue of Honour, mainly Queensland brushboxes, and that the fact some of them were planted after World War Two to replace trees planted after World War One is irrelevant.
|Address:||Soldiers Avenue , Freshwater, 2096|
|GPS Coordinates:||Lat: -33.776891|
Note: GPS Coordinates are approximate.
|Monument Type:||Avenue of Honour| | <urn:uuid:346be1e0-1b21-407c-a6cd-2eceac5fbaa5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://monumentaustralia.org.au/themes/conflict/multiple/display/105934-soldiers-avenue/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00469-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961233 | 369 | 2.296875 | 2 |
Voice over GPRS?
andreas at kostyrka.org
Fri Feb 2 18:21:05 CET 2007
* Paul Wouters <paul at xelerance.com> [070202 18:18]:
> On Fri, 2 Feb 2007, Terrence Barr - Evangelist, Java Mobile & Embedded wrote:
> > Also, most data plans specifically prohibit VoIP usage
> > and may even prevent it technically.
> AFAIK, only T-Mobile did that, and they removed that clause a few months ago.
Eplus does have that clause too.
Plus running standard VoIP protocols like SIP and friends over a NAT
firewall that is not cooperating is not possible anyway. So you would
need to add a tunnel to some endpoint on the Internet, and add that
latency to the bad latency of GPRS/UMTS :(
More information about the community | <urn:uuid:4faf815d-b410-4a65-8be7-1751be203c66> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://lists.openmoko.org/pipermail/community/2007-February/002882.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00433-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.875029 | 196 | 1.570313 | 2 |
PORTLAND, Maine — Seeking to end a long-running disagreement about exactly how many cod are left in the Gulf of Maine, federal scientists plan to outfit commercial fishermen with equipment used to establish groundfish quotas.
The fishermen tend to argue that there are more cod than the government realizes; therefore, the number they may legally catch should be higher. Government scientists counter that fishermen’s natural tendency to fish where they are most likely to catch large numbers leads them to overestimate the cod population in the entire Gulf of Maine.
By next year, the Northeast Fisheries Science Center hopes to begin outfitting commercial boats with surveying equipment and paying fishermen to pull in catches that will supplement the regular trawl surveys conducted by government scientists, according to Russell Brown, who heads the center’s population dynamics branch. The gathered data will be fed into the complex process used to set catch quotas.
It’s a collaboration that Brown hopes will give regulators a more detailed picture of the fish population and build trust among fishermen, who in turn see it as an opportunity to show the scientists what’s really going on.
For years, fishermen and scientists have clashed over how to properly estimate fish populations and set the catch quotas that rule the livelihoods of Maine fishermen. Fishermen suggest that scientists are missing fish and setting the quotas too low, while scientists say fishermen are missing the big picture. But both groups believe collaboration would be a positive step toward better protecting Maine’s fishing industry and environment, even as ocean waters warm.
“It’s really perplexing that you’ve got a set of federal scientists who are sampling the ocean methodically and coming up with a very different picture than the fishermen about what’s going on out in the Gulf of Maine,” Jonathan Labaree of the Gulf of Maine Research Institute said.
Fishing in the Northeast is regulated by a complex quota system. It sets out an overall catch limit that is then broken down by subregion and eventually by fishermen. Different caps are set for different species, based in part on how healthy federal scientists determine the respective populations to be. Exceeding a season’s allocation of one type of fish can mean a fisherman must stop catching all other types, too — possibly ending their season.
And some fishermen say the current cod quota underrepresents a species they believe is doing better than it was a decade ago, despite warming waters, and wreaks havoc on their ability to catch other fish.
“We try to avoid [cod] at all costs,” Brian Pearce, who fishes for pollock and white hake out of Portland harbor, said. “The science has to catch up with what’s really out there. … It seems like the stock is rebuilding faster than the government believes it is.”
Brown said the number of cod fishermen are seeing in the waters off Portland and Gloucester, Massachusetts, isn’t representative of the Gulf of Maine as a whole. Rather, he said, cod are clustered in these areas precisely because there are few remaining in the water off Down East Maine. That’s what cod did off Newfoundland’s Grand Banks soon before that fishery collapsed, he said.
Bert Jongerden, general manager of the Portland Fish Exchange, thinks this theory is misguided.
He and others in the industry say the real problem is that the scientists are fishing wrong. They claim that the type of trawl net scientists use and the boat they pull it from, which is larger than many commercial fishing vessels, do a poor job catching certain species. Pearce claimed that the surveys happen in the wrong places and that because the ocean has warmed, cod cluster in deeper water than they used to.
Brown agreed that there are places where the larger science vessel can’t navigate and that their gear isn’t meant to “maximize the catch of cod or haddock or flounder” but added that their goals are different from those of commercial fishermen.
He hopes that having commercial vessels gathering data as part of the same peer-reviewed process that his organization uses to survey fish will round out what is known about fisheries in the Gulf of Maine. But Brown also emphasized that the fishermen are mostly seeing the places where there are a lot of fish — he’s worried about the places where there aren’t.
“We’re trying to manage these stocks so we can maintain profitable fishing ports in places like Portland, Maine,” he said. | <urn:uuid:56eea104-0852-4122-bc3a-7d9df92a1482> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bangordailynews.com/2017/01/16/news/state/fishermen-and-scientists-are-trying-something-new-to-resolve-quota-dispute/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.949163 | 929 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Small business owners have to think small to profit large. Good carwash operators know that attention to detail will build a carwash business better than most grand and sweeping business strategies might — keeping the lot scrupulously clean, the vending machines filled, the credit card machines working, and the landscaping pruned signals to customers that you will take good care of their car. Catering to your customers’ needs builds loyalty and repeat business. And that builds a strong business.
Three Ways to “Think Small” on Business Loans
Thinking small should extend to managing the finances of a carwash as well. An interesting example of this is in finding the right lender for your financing needs. Did you know, for instance, that small banks may be your best bet? Small banks (banks with assets under $10 billion) account for close to half of all business loans under $1 million, even though they are dwarfed in total lending by the giant mega banks. Local banks focus on lending in the communities in which they’re based, and on lending to small businesses. Smaller banks also display much more flexibility in loan approvals — because large banks rely much more on automated approval processes. Many small banks use automated processes as well, but they will apply much more personal review to every application. That personal touch results in small banks making more decisions to extend loans to smaller companies and in situations where the balance sheet is less than perfect.
It’s possible to get even smaller in your search for funding, by looking into some of the new Web sites that specialize in matching borrowers with credit unions and other small lenders. The way the sites operate varies, but in a typical format the prospective borrower specifies the desired amount of the loan and the rate they’d be willing to pay. The pool of interested lenders then bids on the loan, bidding the interest rate down. Not a bad way to go if other lending sources are not promising.
The final way to ‘borrow small’ has always been to turn to family or friends, which can unfortunately result in misunderstandings and damaged relations if loans are not repaid as expected. One new Web site has an interesting approach to addressing that dilemma as well, by offering an inexpensive way to formalize these types of loans with customizable documentation and repayment plans that all parties sign off on. Making this ‘smallest’ and most personal type of loan a little more formal and arms-length can be a very worthwhile thing, and make family gatherings happier too!
Laurie Sherman is Co-owner of Blendco Systems, LLC. Blendco manufactures a full line of detergents and waxes for the professional carwash industry. You can contact Blendco at: www.blendco.com. | <urn:uuid:75e7a81b-42aa-4f1a-b2dd-90787ed355a8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.carwash.com/when-thinking-small-pays-off-big/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573029.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817153027-20220817183027-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.953188 | 562 | 1.515625 | 2 |
"Ranomafana" means "hot water" in Malagasy. A spa is indeed close to one of the densest forests of Madagascar.
This huge evergreen forest (evergreen) wet, typical eastern seaboard, covers granite relief which rises to 1400m. The proposed circuits last 2 hours to several days with bivouac to the discovery of abundant flora and fauna. Impossible not to admire, permanently, a lemur or an orchid, a bird or a palm tree ...
Biodiversity is so important that scientists have a base in the heart of the park (center allows to understand the extent of their research) where they are constantly discovering new species in a forest beauty exceptional.
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Members and associations
Private organization acknowledged by State, the Madagascar National Tourism Board was created in 2003. It includes all professions, regions and tourist operators and a representative of… | <urn:uuid:0ff68b74-743f-4029-b18d-be2adf428ea7> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.madagascar-tourisme.com/en/ideas-and-itineraries/route-nationale-7/the-ranomafana-national-park | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719041.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00167-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.924625 | 188 | 2.234375 | 2 |
A few days after celebrating the 15th anniversary of its zero waste commitment, Capannori, the frontrunner city in the European zero waste and circular economy movement, becomes a Zero Waste Certified City with the accreditation of 4 stars.
The Zero Waste Cities Certification is a robust European third-party assessed certification standard, developed by the non-governmental organisation Mission Zero Academy (MiZA) and powered by Zero Waste Europe, aimed at accelerating the European cities’ zero waste transition and circular economy implementation. It has been fully supported by the non-profit local organisation Zero Waste Italy.
Being the leader in the zero waste movement, both at the national and European level, Capannori counts with a wide range of waste prevention, reuse and recycling measures in place; it has created a dedicated strategy for improvements, engaging widely both with the local community and different stakeholders to facilitate the zero waste transition.
Among its impressive and inspiring results, the municipality of Capannori, with the support of Zero Waste Italy, managed to achieve:
- 81,86% of separate collection rate, while the European average is about 48%
- 59 kg of residual waste per capita, about 60% below the Italian average.
Following the Certification, made of 5 steps and developed around a scorecard system with mandatory and points-based criteria, the municipality will carry out yearly improvements to monitor and enhance the outcomes achieved, which will be subjected to new audits every 3 years in order to confirm the Certification status, with the possibility to level up, reaching a maximum of 5 stars.
“We are proud of this extraordinary recognition, which comes 15 years after joining the Zero Waste strategy. It confirms that by focusing on environmental protection, restoring waste as a resource to new life, and avoiding incineration, we are on the right path towards a circular economy that will ensure a quality future for the new generations – Our goal now is to become even more virtuous by facing the new challenges that are emerging today and to reach new stages of the zero waste strategy”.Luca Menesini, Mayor of Capannori, said and added
“I thank all the citizens of Capannori for this result, a cohesive community ready to respond positively to every innovation, the Ascit company and all its workers, the Zero Waste Research Center, and Rossano Ercolini, a teacher on the subject who has always been on our side, always contributing with valuable ideas”.
“The Zero Waste Cities network began with Capannori and has since then inspired hundreds of European cities serving as a starting point for our Zero Waste Cities Certification. We want to congratulate them on their achievement and continuous leadership on the topic. We are sure they once again serve as an inspiration to other cities in Italy and beyond.”Kaisa Karjalainen, Mission Zero Academy Manager, stated.
“I am proud that my hometown of Capannori has been certified as a Zero Waste City by MiZA. This is the best way to celebrate the anniversary of our zero-waste commitment and to further the bottom up story that started with the defeat of an incinerator. Zero waste is possible and necessary for an Ecological Revolution”,highlighted Rossano Ercolini, Zero Waste Italy and Zero Waste Europe President.
Being the frontrunner of the Italian and European zero waste movement, Capannori’s Certification marks the beginning of a new circular era for Europe.
Want to know more about the Zero Waste Cities Certification? Find out more here. | <urn:uuid:32f9b423-7135-48f2-9d0c-341e695011a2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.missionzeroacademy.eu/press-release/the-municipality-of-capannori-becomes-the-first-zero-waste-certified-city-in-italy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.923874 | 718 | 1.796875 | 2 |
While I have no definate information on the subject of the folding stock MAS-36, they were issued and used in combat. Some things do get produced, issued but sit out most of their lives in a box somewhere, only I don't think that was one of them. I doubt they were produced in great numbers. But for that matter, how many M1A1 carbines were made out of the total number of carbines?
Another similiar weapon was the Mosin-Nagant cavalry carbine produced for the Finnish Army. They manufactured it only for the use of mounted units, so not very many were made but they were "regularly" issued. They would be rare.
Shoot low, sheriff. They're riding Shetlands!
Underneath the starry flag, civilize 'em with a Krag,
and return us to our own beloved homes!
Buy War Bonds. | <urn:uuid:c4a41132-50e8-4446-85e9-d8e440c89975> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://thefiringline.com/forums/showpost.php?p=5219021&postcount=45 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00196-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.991275 | 188 | 1.695313 | 2 |
Reaching Potential in school and life
From therapeutic treatment to special education to career counseling, we’ll help you find answers. Our planning accounts for all aspects of a person’s life, including:
A Clear Path Forward
What does an educational consultant do?
We spend hundreds of hours visiting schools and treatment programs.
While a quick internet search may give you preliminary information, there is much under the surface that a website won’t tell you.
Our in-depth evaluation process includes:
Go in person to determine the specialties and level of care provided
Interview the type of clients who your loved one will be with
Experience first hand how the organizations works, see the facilities and get a look behind the scenes
We help you create and implement customized plans.
A curated list of treatment programs for your loved one’s unique challenges
Schools tailored to your loved one’s strengths and needs
Options to prepare for independence and potential
We are in your corner.
We’re committed to sharing your burden and serving as your advocate throughout the time.
Speaking to programs on your behalf
Checking in on a child or adult’s progress
Answering your questions at every turn.
Get to Know You
Recommend program options.
Your loved one’s long-term wellness is our priority. That’s why we invest significant time in planning for an effective transition out of their treatment program or school. We’ll work together to facilitate a seamless process and create a sustainable lifestyle where your whole family can thrive.
SCHOOLS AND RESIDENTIAL PLACEMENT FOR STUDENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS WITH AUTISM OR HIGH FUNCTIONING ASPERGER’S
Interested in learning about your options and gaining clarity around your family member's needs? Let's chat about what it's like to work together. | <urn:uuid:cfafe0b2-4226-4e29-b6d6-50685133b445> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://morganguidance.com/how-we-help/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.884067 | 464 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Natural gas prices continue to remain stable due to increased supply, higher production and robust underground storage balances.
Last winter was significantly colder than normal and a return to more seasonable weather is expected. The good news is that the District’s rates are at their lowest level in years. A 5% reduction in rates coupled with more moderate weather provides a great opportunity for lower gas bills. Energy conservation also helps reduce gas bills. The District provides free safety inspections, pilot lighting and encourages customers to improve insulation, apply weather stripping, change filters and keep thermostats at the lowest possible comfort level.
The District is committed to providing quality service at competitive rates and is well-prepared to serve our customers with an abundant supply of clean burning and reliable natural gas. We appreciate our customers and look forward to serving your energy needs now and in the future. | <urn:uuid:0b72af14-da2e-4d6c-b1a7-9af271a4727b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.mtng.com/news/default.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00041-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95726 | 172 | 1.695313 | 2 |
The next Center for Clinical and Translational Science and Training (CCTST) Community Engagement Speaker Presentation will be held Wednesday, Nov. 28.
Svante Lifvergren, MD, senior physician at Skaraborg Hospital Group, Sweden, will discuss, "Care Networks for Patients with Multiple Chronic Diseases: Using Action Research in the Swedish Healthcare Context."
Lifvergren works as development director at the Skaraborg Hospital Group (SkaS). He is a specialist in internal and pulmonary medicine and has worked as a senior physician at SkaS since 1997.
He also serves as the executive manager for the Centre for Healthcare Improvement at Chalmers University of Technology and is a member of the associate editorial board for the Sage Action Research Journal. | <urn:uuid:5013b6d2-e494-4e2a-a5d8-f5408384cd4e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://healthnews.uc.edu/events/?/21386/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00282-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945165 | 157 | 1.515625 | 2 |
- 226 views
February is among the best times to plan a trip to Argentina! During this time, the tourist traffic to Argentina is starting to slow down, leaving visitors to enjoy all the benefits of the high season — long days, great weather, and a wide variety of activities — without the high season drawbacks.
February usually boasts great weather in Argentina. While it can be somewhat hot and humid (stickier in some regions than others), the big upside is that weather is usually predictable and easy to plan for.
In Buenos Aires, the temperature usually stays between 16°C to 27°C, with high humidity. The weather gets even hotter and more humid further down north. The Atlantic coast, on the other hand, enjoys milder temperatures, though humidity levels stay high here as well.
Argentine Patagonia can be unpredictable during this time of the year, though it is more accessible than in the colder months. Count on temperatures around 10°C to 16°C. Summer winds are common, and a day that started out sunny and dry can grow windy and rainy in a blink of an eye. The rains, however, tend to be short, often leaving no reminder by the end of the day.
As February is the end of the high season in Argentina, it offers a great balance of bustling activity, easy access to main attraction sites, and more manageable crowds.
- Better rates: Planning a trip to Argentina in February means taking advantage of all the benefits of the high tourist season coming to an end, including more affordable traveling and accommodation costs.
- Fewer crowds: While Argentina in February is still quite a popular traveling destination, it’s also when tourist traffic starts stagnating and decreasing, particularly in the second half.
- Quiet cities: Trips to Buenos Aires and other major cities like Cordoba and Salta are most recommended during this time of the year; they are affordable and peaceful as many people are still gravitating towards beaches.
- Outdoor activities: With long and (usually) sunny days, February is a perfect time to explore Argentina’s beaches and national parks. Try rock climbing in El Chaltén, hiking around Iguazú Falls, or fly-fishing in Nahuel Huapi National Park.
- Local festivals: Some of the most famous Argentinian festivals, like the Cosquin Festival, take place in February. The Festival Nacional del Lúpulo is also held traditionally at the end of February in El Bolson and is a great opportunity to enjoy good music, good food, and, of course, plenty of good beer.
February offers great options both to those who like being active and mingling during their travels and those who prefer spending their time more quietly.
- Buenos Aires: With tourist traffic slowing down and locals heading to the beaches, February is an ideal time to explore all the museums, galleries, and architectural wonders of Argentina’s biggest cultural center. February is also when Buenos Aires Tango Festival is held, with opportunities to take free beginners lessons or simply enjoy watching people dance.
- Explore Patagonia: The weather in February is perfect for exploring the stunning Patagonia region, which is inaccessible in colder months of the year. Go glacier trekking, marvel at Mt. Fitz Roy or spot the wildlife of Parque Nacional Patagonia.
- Gualeguaychú Carnival: The biggest carnival in the country (and one of the greatest carnivals in the world) starts in January and continues all the way through February, being held for 9 Saturdays. Its samba parades, incredible floats, and beautiful costumes are not to be missed.
- Los Alerces National Park: Located in Argentine Patagonia, this UNESCO heritage site is considered one of the most beautiful places in the country.
For more insights, check out our guide on things to do in Argentina.
Due to the unpredictable weather, you should always bring a few pieces of warm and waterproof clothes with you to trip to Argentina in February. While having an option to layer up, it is also practically mandatory if you plan to visit Patagonia — a region known for its summer winds and unpredictable rains. If you’re planning a trip involving a lot of camping/hiking, bring sturdy outdoor gear that can withstand rapid weather changes.
The second half of February is the most favorable time to visit Argentina. Despite the end of Argentina’s high season, it still has much to offer; the crowds are more manageable and prices more affordable. The weather, while periodically unpredictable, can be expected to regularly vary between 16°C to 27°C, making it suitable for almost all types of trips. For more insight, you can check our guide on how many days to spend in Argentina. | <urn:uuid:03b18ad9-e24f-48f9-8b06-abfef3757239> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bookmundi.com/t/argentina-in-february-better-outdoors-and-local-festivities | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570868.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808152744-20220808182744-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.947373 | 983 | 1.828125 | 2 |
After the invention of the script people have been writing to each other and in order to make the communication between them they have to do this. On this point it can be easily said that script is one of the most important communication tools in the world. From the long history people have been using it in their lives. As we said before the communication in the communities are very important we can see this importance not only in the past years but also in the modern years of the world.
On this point today we are going to make a short analysis about the newspaper and their importance because of the people. When we look at that what the newspaper is we can say that newspaper is a tool that has lots of goals. It can be said that its first and maybe one of the most important goal is to inform people about the events that are current and we can see that other goals of the newspaper besides this goal. In a newspaper we can see the reading parts that are related to the world or technology and on the other hand again we can see that parts that are puzzle or the plays about the words and finally we can see there are lots of different advertisements in newspapers. More generally the costs of the newspapers are very cheap and the replication and the distribution of the newspapers are very easy and cheap. In the history we can see the people who work with newspaper and they find lots of solution about the distribution of the newspapers. Now we are going to look the history of the newspapers.
The History of Newspaper
When we look at the first newspaper we can see that in the empire of Roman B.C 59 the first newspaper is published and its name is Acta Diurna. When it is first published the number of the publishing is 2000 and it is distributed to the different regions of the Empire. It is about the events that are in the Roman Empire like the wars, political developments, the events about the community and society, and the gladiator wars. On that time there are not so many people in the empire that can read and because of this reason they are reading the newspaper in a loud way and the people who can not read are listening to them in order to understand them and in order to know about the news that are in the empire. After that time to our modern era the newspapers are available in our daily life. When we look at the whole world today we can see that there are up to 6000 daily newspapers in the whole world and these newspapers are being distributed lots of the different regions of the world. When we think about from the general point, we can say that in the future there will be much more different newspapers will be emerged because of the demand of the people for the newspapers. | <urn:uuid:c0a9d991-677a-43db-adf7-a7dcfc05ed08> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.howmanyarethere.net/how-many-different-newspapers-are-there-in-the-world-today/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00277.warc.gz | en | 0.982214 | 542 | 2.96875 | 3 |
A Professional Indemnity Policy is a type of liability insurance that covers medical professionals against claims resulting from their negligence or breach of professional duties. This type of insurance policy covers the cost of defense and includes coverage for bodily injury claims, legal liability, and the costs associated with dealing with malpractice suits. Professional indemnity insurance can be purchased for individuals or businesses that are based in the same geographical region or industry as the policyholder.
Purchasing this type of insurance is not a simple task. First, companies should analyze their budget and the probability of being sued. Also, professionals should consider whether they are performing expert services or are merely experts in their field. Expert services such as attorneys and accountants require PI insurance because they invest in education and training. It is critical to meet client expectations because if they don’t, a lawsuit could result. If you are unsure whether you need professional indemnity insurance for your business, consider hiring an insurance broker by clicking this link clustermed.info
Obtaining a Professional Indemnity Insurance policy is essential if you want to remain in business. While you might think it’s unnecessary, it will protect your business from lawsuits. You can’t risk losing your reputation if you don’t have professional indemnity insurance. Many clients will only do business with businesses that have this insurance policy. This type of insurance is not required by law, but many contracts require it for certain professions and clients.
The Professional Indemnity section on a company’s Atlas is a vital document for ensuring a quality service. You can add and edit information about the policy by selecting one of the options on the left side of the screen. This will allow you to increase deductibles, increase policy limits, or extend the period of your policy. Changing details of a professional indemnity policy will require you to update your insurance policy. If you want to add or remove the professional indemnity policy, you can do so by logging into your account.
If you provide a professional service, there is always a risk that a client will file a lawsuit against you. Poor service or advice can be detrimental to your business. In such cases, a professional indemnity insurance plan can protect you financially from lawsuits. In addition to paying for the cost of legal action, a professional indemnity insurance policy also pays for the costs associated with a lawsuit. This is an important factor for any business owner to consider.
A Professional Indemnity policy limits are based on the risk and the type of work. Some policies are capped at a single claim, while others are set at an aggregate limit. The policy deductible will affect your premium, which is why larger companies often need to choose a high limit. Choosing the right amount of coverage for your business is essential in avoiding legal troubles. Your Professional Indemnity policy will pay for legal fees and other expenses associated with any professional liability claims. | <urn:uuid:40fd834d-abcb-47f3-a8c8-9a0e507f691b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://direitoanimal.org/2022/07/03/what-is-a-professional-indemnity-policy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.952572 | 588 | 1.671875 | 2 |
This paper attempted to test whether efficient cooperative rural banks (CRBs) have a better control of their agency costs. We used two different concepts of efficiency, namely, cost efficiency and alternative profit efficiency, and found somewhat different results from both approaches. Using Stochastic Frontier Approach and Distribution Free Approach, we tested two different propositions. The first proposition is that an adequate corporate governance scheme should improve efficiency of CRBs. We failed to find very conclusive evidence that corporate governance theories apply to the Philippines CRBs. However, the results confirmed both managers compensation theory and large stakeholders theory. The second proposition is that agency costs should reduce efficiency of CRBs, and we found a much clearer relationship on that issue. As expected, most efficient CRBs are characterized by a better control of agency costs. These results are in accordance with previous studies on shirking behavior among mutual financial intermediaries. We also found that rural CRBs are most profit efficient, despite their somewhat normal cost-efficiency, a manifestation that they are able to charge higher fees for the quality of services they offer. Large CRBs are not able to pass their higher costs to customers through higher fees. We found that small CRBs might have a better interest rate policy, that is, they offer lower rates on both loans and deposits. | <urn:uuid:5fc67e80-1537-4801-9b74-90c4436e94d7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.econstor.eu/handle/10419/127792 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00400-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967559 | 258 | 1.703125 | 2 |
Welcome to Somaliland
Walking in the sand, I stumbled across this door a little before sunset in Zeila, Somaliland.
The road to Zeila is not for the faint of stomach as its mostly off-roading. The terrain starts as semi-paved but soon switches to dirt. An abundance of cacti line the route for hours. I suddenly find myself bouncing over uneven rock as I make my way through a mountain range. This finally settles into thick sand where I even endure the obligatory get-stuck-in-sand episode. Gazelle stand still as statues watching the car approach before sprinting off majestically in all directions. The empty panoramas inspire a feeling of insignificance in nature’s wonder. Despite the vastness, some tents or livestock are usually in sight, signs of the remarkable fact that I was never far from human settlements. Despite a continuing trend towards urban migration, a large portion of the Somali population still lives a nomadic pastoralist lifestyle.
With light fading as I finally pull in to Zeila, I hurry out to discover my long-awaited destination. To my great surprise, it is bears little resemblance to the rest of Somaliland. Whereas in other places, the scars of war are noticeable, in Zeila, it’s as if the wounds haven’t even begun to heal. This is the first time in the entire trip that I am confronted with such a graphic image of ruination; it’s like walking into a museum of destruction. Yet amid the all the rubble, Zeila’s former magnificence can still be glimpsed, rendering the moment all the more melancholy. The skyline consists of giant telecom towers that dwarf the juxtaposed minarets. Storeowners prefer payment in Djibouti francs to Somaliland shillings. Socially, the people seem more reserved, spending free time in front of the many outdoor televisions, evicting goats for a good seat.
Losing light, I hurry for the ruins of a mosque to capture an incredible deep orange sunset, but before I arrive, two heavily armed paratroopers appear, ordering me to follow them into a gated two-story house. Despite of my pleas, they lead me up some creaky stairs to the second story of their compound, the former British governor’s house. A group of men lying on the floor with a mountain of khat stems stare at me through bloodshot eyes. After a short interrogation, tension quickly dissipates. The most vocal man introduces himself as the Mayor of Zeila and his fellow khat-chewers as the other key officials in the city (chief of police, chief judge). He welcomes me to take all the photos I want but the sun has already set.
At night, I devour a delicious Yemeni-style fish, evidence of Zeila’s Arab influence. At the end of the meal, the waiter brings a bottle of perfume to the table; it is the same kind used in the plane ride over. I head to apparently the only hotel in Zeila; the sign out front advertises “Resort”. With no running water and a combination shower and outhouse, this lodging might be slightly improperly named. | <urn:uuid:0ecc91db-0b7d-48f5-bf58-67fb4f5b1aed> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.flickr.com/photos/costasphotos/6469458979/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00429-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938918 | 674 | 1.523438 | 2 |
In this mezzotint print, James Watt sits in a small dark room, and he holds dividers on a table to the left of the composition. However, Watt has just turned in his chair to look over his shoulder at a pan of water issuing clouds of steam and working a piston set above it from the released pressure. An archway is behind the scene. The print is based on a famous painting by James Eckford Lauder at the Scottish National Gallery.
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Mouse click to zoom in; shift-click to zoom out. Drag to pan. Pinch to zoom on touch. | <urn:uuid:c8db8255-35a6-4ab0-87fe-d9eeb49348bd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://digital.sciencehistory.org/works/2n49t236z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.857791 | 249 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a highly debilitating disease that represents a substantial and growing health burden in women. There is increasing evidence for gender-related differences in COPD risk, progression and outcomes. However, the disease receives scant attention as a women’s health issue. Thus, a multifaceted approach is required to address COPD in women, including greater awareness, minimisation of risk and further elucidation of the gender-specific factors (biological and cultural) that affect risk, disease progression and treatment success. Here we review current literature on the topic and provide suggestions for achieving better outcomes for the millions of women with COPD worldwide. | <urn:uuid:e489ef87-6753-4272-b6de-7dbf669743f2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://journal.publications.chestnet.org/article.aspx?articleid=2583275 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00317-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950838 | 136 | 2.109375 | 2 |
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Transcript of Diversity
Cultural Diversity in Education
Developing an understanding of students' lives also enables the teacher to increase the relevance of lessons and make examples more meaningful.
Use a variety of instructional strategies and learning activities.
Offering variety provides the students with opportunities to learn in ways that are responsive to their own communication styles, cognitive styles, and aptitudes. In addition, the variety helps them develop and strengthen other approaches to learning.
Appreciate and accommodate the similarities and differences among the students' cultures.
What is Cultural Diversity?
Consider students' cultures and language skills when developing learning objectives and instructional activities.
Facilitate comparable learning opportunities for students with differing characteristics. For example, consider opportunities for students who differ in appearance, race, sex, disability, ethnicity, religion, socioeconomic status, or ability.
Incorporate objectives for affective and personal development.
Provide increased opportunities for high- and low- achievers to boost their self-esteem, develop positive self-attributes, and enhance their strengths and talents. Such opportunities can enhance students' motivation to learn and achieve.
Focus on the ways students
learn and observe students to
identify their task orientations.
Allow time for students to
prepare, provide them with
advance organizers, and announce
how much time will be given
for preparation and when
the task will begin.
Provide frequent feedback.
Feedback at multiple levels is preferred. For example, acknowledging a correct response is a form of brief feedback, while prompting a student who has given an incorrect answer by providing clues or repeating or rephrasing the question is another level.
In considering content, an educator’s primary concern should be that of enabling students to develop an understanding of our collective history—the places in time and space where people’s lives intersect but also the lives of groups of people prior to and after such intersections. Such an approach will allow students to fully understand the roles and contributions of various groups of people to human civilization and culture.
The curriculum should be relevant to the lives of students and should reflect their images as well as their natural experiences.
The content, therefore, should reflect everyday aspects of living and the daily experiences of students.
This will sometimes create a necessity for teachers to select illustrations, create analogies, or relate allegories that will connect new information to the experiences of the students. To do an effective job in this area, teachers will need to develop their knowledge about the sociocultural backgrounds of their students.
Dr. King, for example, should be portrayed as a peacemaker but he should also be portrayed as a warrior, as a family man, and so on. It is also important that historical figures and their accomplishments be shared with students in regard to their historical time period and the social, economic, political, and geographical conditions in existence at that place and time. The dress, eating habits, and other customs of a people can be appreciated when viewed from these perspectives.
It is important to give depth and meaning to information. This is especially true when looking at historical figures. Students should be given an accurate well-rounded view of people
A multicultural curriculum should be focused on the integration of content across disciplines. Students need to understand that all things in life are interconnected, that they use science and math, for example, in many activities in their daily lives. When we teach content as separate entities, many students come to believe that one discipline has nothing to do with any other.
ED435147 1999-11-00 Critical Behaviors and Strategies for Teaching Culturally Diverse Students. ERIC/OSEP Digest E584.
In-text: (Burnette, 1999)
Bibliography: Burnette, J. (1999). Ed435147 1999-11-00 critical behaviors and strategies for teaching culturally diverse students. eric/osep digest e584.
Effectively teaching ALL students does not require wildly different strategies; rather, it requires skillful and intentional use of existing proven practices.
Set high expectations and deliver
The best teachers see intelligence not as something that is innate to, or fixed within, students but as something that can be nurtured or developed.
Intentionally match instructional strategies to learning goals.
It is important to consistently monitor student progress toward learning goals and use appropriate teaching strategies to close the gap between what they know and what they are expected to learn.
Goodwin, B. (2011). Simply better. Alexandria, Va.: ASCD.
Culture is a set of norms that set standards for a society of what is acceptable behavior. In any culture there is a majority and many minorities.
Diversity is nothing more than a difference from the majority.
Cultural diversity, or multiculturalism,
is based on the idea that cultural identities should not be discarded or ignored, but rather maintained and valued. The foundation of this belief is that every culture and race has made a substantial contribution to American history.
Ways to Practice in the classroom:
Diversity Affairs What is Cultural Diversity?. (n.d.). What is cultural Diversity. Retrieved February 6, 2014, from http://fhsu.edu/diversity-affairs/what-is-diversity/ | <urn:uuid:e8610ffd-d2af-4f39-a00e-b0b0d1115c0d> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://prezi.com/dgxo_zbqm8cv/diversity/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720026.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00457-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.917928 | 1,230 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Nexus Masterclass Anthony Kronman -
19 November 2009
14.00 – 15.30
Auditorium Tilburg University
The question of what living is for is the most important question you can ask. Yet during your university career, that question is never addressed: it is too personal, too delicate, too difficult to measure. A ridiculous state of affairs, says Anthony Kronman.
According to Kronman, universities have always aimed at making their students think about their own lives by introducing them to the great humanist tradition of arts and sciences. But now, the humanities are caught in a deep crisis. They have started trying to approach science and social studies as much as possible, to resemble hard science with its experiments, mathematical models, and new paradigms. But is this really what the humanities are all about? University teachers of the humanities have allowed themselves to be marginalised by hard research ideals, political correctness, and philosophical disorientation, at the cost of a good and truly valuable education for their students.
However, Kronman sees a change of minds approaching: more and more students and their teachers are longing to deal with the ‘great questions’ at university. Passionately and convincingly, Kronman makes his case for a new, secular humanism based on a forgotten ideal: that of scholarly reflection on the meaning of life through the study of the great literary and philosophical works of present and past. Is Kronman right? The students get to decide for themselves. | <urn:uuid:598b5290-7dac-4c86-9fa5-110924e6a70c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nexus-instituut.nl/en/activity/educations-end | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.96727 | 316 | 1.992188 | 2 |
Here and There. Online Discursive Practices and Digital Transnational Encounters between Romanian, Somali and Turkish Women Living in Amsterdam
Laura Candidatu explores the relation between women’s migration and digital technologies. Using a comparative approach and various digital methods, the research will focus on three groups of migrant women located in Amsterdam – Romanian, Somali, and Turkish – each group emblematizing different types of migrants: economic migrants, asylum seekers, and guest workers. The theoretical aspect of the research relies on postcolonial theory, media studies, and feminist approaches to migration and intersectionality.
By using mixed methodology composed of digital methods, virtual ethnography and in–depth interviews, it proposes a comparative research of the ways in which digital technologies influence migrant women’s discursive practices in relation to different categories of belonging (national, transnational, European). Particularly, the research is looking to explore the online discursive practices through which Turkish, Romanian, and Somali women living in Amsterdam legitimate their European sense of belonging on the one side, and articulate their national identity on the other side. | <urn:uuid:5d5d2552-f8b9-4824-a9aa-2a06b47e4584> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://connectingeuropeproject.eu/about-the-project/phd-amsterdam/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.899183 | 218 | 1.554688 | 2 |
Child Psychologist Consultation Service
Disabilities, Psychologists, Psychologist
Attachment Issues | child psychologist consultation service child psychologists can provide one hour consultations to assist you in the areas of: Behavioural problems in young children and pre-schoolers, behavioural problems in children with disabilities, cognitive assessments of pre-school children, intervention with children with developmental delay, attachment disorders, sleeping issues, eating problems and more..
Bonding between mother and baby is a crucial part of a child's development. But it can sometimes go awry for a variety of reasons. This is when attachment issues can arise. Unavoidable separation, maternal depression or illness, a mismatch between interaction styles and difficult, unsettled babies making parenting extra challenging can all impact and result in insecure attachment between mother and baby. Attachment issues can interfere with normal social development and a child's development of a secure sense of self.
The insecure attachment may manifest itself in different ways. Some children may be aloof and unresponsive. Others may constantly cling to their mother, be demanding and whiny and have difficult separating.
, Behavioural Problems
, Behavioural Problems in Children
, Child Psychologist
, Child Psychologists
Contact Child Psychologist Consultation Service
Email - none provided
Print this page | <urn:uuid:bc0665af-e270-438b-af5f-270c1343150c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.hotfrog.co.nz/business/child-psychologist-consultation-service/attachmentissues-55242 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00013-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.902268 | 262 | 1.8125 | 2 |
Inflation rates are currently climbing to one multi-decade high after another and leading central banks are responding by raising interest rates at an ever-increasing rate. However, given the record high inflation, real interest rates are still clearly negative, giving the impression that the current global cycle of interest rate hikes is far from reaching its end but this consensus assessment will prove to be wrong . The current cycle of interest rate hikes could go down in history as the shortest and weakest in recent decades. Here’s why.
This article has been sourced from an article by Ronni Stoeferle (goldswitzerland.com) and has been edited ([ ]) and abridged (…) for the sake of clarity and brevity to provide the reader with a faster and easier read.
1. Economic activity is slowing.
No matter what data is analyzed, the economic outlook is increasingly gloomy:
- Commodity markets have retreated significantly from their interim highs up to mid-July.
- Technically, the U.S. is already in recession.
- Growth-rate projections are being revised downward around the world.
- U.S. consumer confidence is at the lowest level in its 70-year reporting history.
2. There are no structural reasons why the state of the global economy should be better now than before the outbreak of the pandemic.
…Even if the global economy were able to return to the growth levels seen before the pandemic, this would be a continuation of a fundamental downward trend. The Federal Reserve’s three rate cuts in the second half of 2019 attempted to combat this downward trend.
3. Interest rate increases are hardly digestible for the highly indebted countries.
…Another development stands against significant interest rate hikes. In the 1970s, record-high inflation was fought with strong interest rate hikes with the Federal Reserve raising its key interest rate to 20% by March 1980 but, back then, however, debt was significantly lower than it is today.
- In the U.S., government debt in the 1970s was around 35% of GDP; today it is about 125%.
- Corporate debt fluctuated around 50% of GDP in the 1970s; today it is almost 80%.
- Household debt increased slightly in the 1970s but was less than 50% of GDP; today, by contrast, household debt stands at more than 75% of GDP.
At more than 275% of GDP, U.S. total debt today is more than twice as high as in the 1970s. As a result, interest service will soon become a problem for the United States, as confirmed by calculations of the Congressional Budget Office.
- By 2024, interest service will still ease slightly from the current 1.4% of GDP to 1.1%, despite huge budget deficits in 2020 and 2021 of more than 10% each.
- Starting in 2024, though, interest expense as a share of GDP begins to rise, reaching 8.6% in 2051 in the CBO’s baseline scenario. This would require just under one-third of tax revenues to be spent on interest service alone. This calculation is based on the assumption that the yield on 10-year U.S. Treasuries increases to 3.3% in 2030 and to 4.9% in 2050. This would be a rather moderate increase by historical standards…The assumed real growth rates of just over 1.6% per year on average may also prove too optimistic and exacerbate the problem…
4. Debt relief through inflation is counteracted by an increase in government spending.
It is one of the supposed standard wisdoms that states can deleverage themselves in phases of high inflation, however, this…debt relief works only as long as government spending grows more slowly than the inflation rate. Increases in transfer payments below the inflation rate are thus a simple and obvious instrument for deleveraging through inflation, but at the expense of the weaker members of society. To put it bluntly, transfer recipients restructure the state budget by being forced to forego consumption as a result of a real decline in transfer payments.
However, this automatism is not as strong as it may seem at first glance. Statutory inflation adjustments may diminish this effect. In the U.S., for example, the automatic increase in payments of Old-Age, Survivors and Disability Insurance (OASDI) in line with the CPI is required by law. Similarly, additional spending or tax cuts to combat the effects of inflation lessen the debt-reduction effect of inflation…
Above a certain level of inflation, the debt-relief effect of inflation on government budgets is even reversed. This is because real tax revenues erode with rising inflation…This fiscally significant phenomenon is known as the Tanzi effect…but the argument against this approach is that countless packages of measures to combat inflationary consequences have already been adopted – and many more will follow. Consequently, the (government) debt burden will not decline markedly and the scope for interest rate hikes will remain limited.
5. Markets are already pricing in interest rate cuts.
Markets have already realized that central banks have little room for maneuver. For the U.S., markets currently expect the first interest rate cuts, averaging 60 basis points, as early as the second quarter of 2023.
The cycle of interest rate hikes will therefore come to an end before it has really begun…
recession pandemic federal reserve government debt gdp interest rates commodity markets
Aviat Networks Issues Open Letter to Ceragon Networks Shareholders to Correct the Latest False Claims and Mischaracterizations from the Ceragon Board
Aviat Networks Issues Open Letter to Ceragon Networks Shareholders to Correct the Latest False Claims and Mischaracterizations from the Ceragon Board
AUSTIN, Texas, Aug. 11, 2022
Aviat urges shareholders to vote on the GOLD proxy card f…
Aviat Networks Issues Open Letter to Ceragon Networks Shareholders to Correct the Latest False Claims and Mischaracterizations from the Ceragon Board
AUSTIN, Texas, Aug. 11, 2022
Aviat urges shareholders to vote on the GOLD proxy card for ALL FIVE Aviat nominees to elect directors who will support near- and long-term value creation at Ceragon
AUSTIN, Texas, Aug. 11, 2022 /PRNewswire/ -- Aviat Networks, Inc. (NASDAQ: AVNW) ("Aviat"), the leading expert in wireless transport solutions, today issued the following open letter to shareholders of Ceragon Networks Ltd. (NASDAQ: CRNT) ("Ceragon" or the "Company") to correct the latest false claims and mischaracterizations made by Ceragon's Board of Directors ("Board") in its August 8, 2022 letter to shareholders.
Dear fellow Ceragon shareholders,
Aviat has given the Board many opportunities to consider and negotiate a transaction that would provide shareholders like you immediate value at a significant premium. Rather than engage in fruitful discussion, the Board has delayed, deferred and attempted to distract you with a series of false and misleading arguments designed to disguise their persistent failure to deliver value. Earlier this week, the Board rejected Aviat's revised proposal to acquire Ceragon for $3.08 per share in cash and stock, in another letter that distorts the record and which is replete with false claims and mischaracterizations. We're writing to you today to once again set the record straight.
THE PROPOSED TRANSACTION WOULD DELIVER SIGNIFICANT VALUE TO SHAREHOLDERS, IN EXCESS OF WHAT CERAGON CAN ACHIEVE THROUGH ITS CURRENT STRATEGY, AND WITH SUBSTANTIALLY LESS EXECUTION RISK.
- Aviat's revised proposal represents a substantial premium of 47% to the closing price of Ceragon shares on June 27, 2022, of $2.09 (the last close price prior to Aviat's first public offer) and a 64% premium to Ceragon's 60-day volume-weighted average share price of $1.88.
- Analysts' price targets reflect what Ceragon could achieve at some point in the future. However, following several quarters of operational challenges, a rising debt load, negative EPS and cash flow, and a botched chip rollout, we see these targets as, at best, highly aspirational. If Ceragon were to combine with Aviat, it would have the management, discipline, resources and broader platform to achieve its full potential.
- Ceragon lowered its annual guidance in the first quarter of 2022, and in the second quarter it missed top line consensus, continuing its pattern of underperformance, having missed analysts' consensus earnings expectations for five of the last ten quarters. Continued performance at these woeful levels will lead to analyst price target reductions.
- While Ceragon touts its progress in North America, industry league tables list Aviat as the number one player in North America, with Ceragon not even among the top three.1
- In its August 8 report, independent proxy advisory firm Institutional Shareholder Services ("ISS") noted that Ceragon, "underperformed peers and the Nasdaq index over all measurement periods ended on the unaffected date… While revenue growth deceleration has also been an issue at peers, the Company's gross margins are below pre-pandemic levels and have not shown signs of recovery over the past several quarters."2 ISS is an independent shareholder advisory service whose recommendations are relied upon by thousands of institutional investors.
Results like these are what Ceragon's Board expects you to believe is "strong business momentum." Since the beginning of 2019, Ceragon has incurred negative free cash flow of $48 million as it has attempted to produce its much-delayed next generation chip, and this burn rate has accelerated as the company has consumed $35 million of the $48 million in just the last 18 months. We believe that this 28-nanometer chip, when it is finally rolled out, will consume more power and create cost, system design, and supply chain challenges. Ceragon's debt-laden balance sheet will not support the expensive redesign needed to address these problems, which we fear could lead this entrenched Board to raise additional capital through a dilutive equity offering.
The truth is that Ceragon is struggling on its own, and is not going to achieve outlandish price targets, or even its own projections. We continue to believe that Ceragon would see tremendous advantages from being part of a larger platform with more scale and resources as part of Aviat. In fact, ISS noted that a "lack of clear progress" could send Ceragon's stock lower in the absence of a transaction, including one with Aviat.
THE CERAGON BOARD HAS DONE VIRTUALLY NOTHING TO EXPLORE (AND EVERYTHING POSSIBLE TO PREVENT) A POTENTIAL TRANSACTION WITH AVIAT OR TO MAXIMIZE VALUE FOR ALL SHAREHOLDERS.
Despite Ceragon's claims to the contrary, the Board has repeatedly erected roadblocks to exploring a value creating transaction with Aviat at any price, even declining to name their own price when offered the opportunity. Instead, they indicated it would take two months to determine a price, which is not what would reasonably be expected from a party genuinely interested in "maximizing shareholder value" – and which is grossly inconsistent with how quickly they rejected both our original and revised public offers. ISS said that "it is questionable to what extent the board has been open to negotiating a deal," and that the Board "does not appear to have engaged in detailed discussions."
We have been crystal clear since making our offer public on June 27 that our very strong preference is to negotiate a mutually agreeable transaction with Ceragon, and we have always believed that eventually they would come to the bargaining table. Unfortunately, since June, Ceragon has spent less than 30 minutes total in dialogue with Aviat, preferring instead to spend their time coming up with specious objections like demanding a reverse termination fee (payable from Aviat to Ceragon if a mutual definitive agreement was entered into but could not be closed) that was both unorthodox and outrageously high (~$60 million) as a prerequisite for discussions; complaining that our proposed reverse termination fee was too low, when in fact all we proposed is that it be based on market standards; or demanding that Aviat agree that Ceragon would not have to pay a termination fee (in the event someone else proposed to buy them after they executed a definitive agreement with Aviat).
What we now recognize is that this Board cannot come to its senses, because the Board lacks the necessary independence to do the right thing for shareholders.
CERAGON SHAREHOLDERS DESERVE A CHANCE FOR GREATER VALUE. THE ZISAPEL BLOC ON THE CERAGON BOARD IS THE PROBLEM. REPLACING A MAJORITY OF THE BOARD IS THE SOLUTION.
Three members of Ceragon's seven-seat Board are closely tied to a fourth director, the Company's Chairman, Zohar Zisapel, and serve on boards or as executives of other companies he controls. Since their other business interests are closely tied to him, it is easy to understand why these directors would support Mr. Zisapel's interests over those of other Ceragon shareholders. ISS said that "investors may question to what extent they would challenge the company's chairman/co-founder." Together this bloc provides Mr. Zisapel with effective majority control of the Board.
Please note that although Mr. Zisapel founded Ceragon, he neither owns nor controls the majority of voting shares. In fact, in February 2021, he sold approximately one-third of his Ceragon shares, when the stock was trading at over $5.00 per share, well above where it has traded since, and has not replenished his position since, showing little confidence in Ceragon's future.
The Zisapel bloc has presided over considerable destruction of shareholder value:
- Former Ceragon CEO Ira Palti oversaw total shareholder return of -21% during his tenure as CEO of Ceragon versus Russell 2000 TSR of 323% during the same period. That is an underperformance of 343%. ISS agrees that Ceragon has underperformed under Mr. Palti's leadership and recommends that shareholders vote FOR his removal from the Board.
- Yael Langer, who is currently employed by Mr. Zisapel, has been on the Ceragon Board since 2000, presiding over consistent underperformance. ISS also recommends that shareholders vote FOR Ms. Langer's removal from the Board to bring a fresh view to Ceragon's challenges.
- Mr. Zisapel himself has watched Ceragon's stock price decline by 87% over the 22 years since he took Ceragon public in August 2000. He has been Chair for every one of those 22 years.
- David Ripstein was previously employed by Mr. Zisapel, and is CEO of another company that demands considerable time and attention, which leads us to fear he would be quick to defer to Mr. Zisapel and Mr. Palti.
As the Board of a publicly traded company, Ceragon's directors should represent the interests of all shareholders, not just Mr. Zisapel.
A VOTE FOR ALL OF AVIAT'S FIVE DIRECTOR NOMINEES ON THE GOLD PROXY CARD IS THE PATH TO CREATING GREATER BOARD INDEPENDENCE AND GREATER SHAREHOLDER VALUE.
All five of our nominees are thoroughly independent – from Aviat itself, from Ceragon's management and, perhaps most importantly, from Mr. Zisapel – and able to provide a fresh, unbiased perspective at a critical junction for Ceragon. No matter what Ceragon tries to allege, when elected, all five of Aviat's nominees would honor their fiduciary responsibility to maximize shareholder value and evaluate and oversee fairly not just our proposal to acquire Ceragon but also any other path to value creation.
To set the record straight on one of Ceragon's most outlandish red herrings, Aviat director nominee Jonathan Foster has the public company board experience to be an immediate asset to the Ceragon Board. Serving today on four other public company boards, service on Ceragon's Board would not make him over-boarded according to the criteria of either ISS or proxy advisory firm Glass Lewis, both of which consider a director over-boarded only if they serve on six or more boards concurrently. Ceragon has also used cherry-picked dates in an attempt to distort the record of another Aviat director nominee, Dennis Sadlowski, who as first a board member and then CEO of CECO Environmental Corporation helped that company significantly reduce its debt, strengthen its leadership team and implement strong processes and overall operational rigor.
As usual, the Ceragon Board is trying to make issues where none exist, hoping you'll excuse them for refusing to engage in discussions regarding a combination with Aviat that would yield a significant premium for shareholders and provide a more effective platform for its technologies. Only by voting FOR Aviat's proposal to remove three entrenched Ceragon directors and FOR the election of ALL FIVE of Aviat's nominees on the GOLD proxy card TODAY can shareholders realize the considerable value of this combination.
YOUR VOTE IS CRUCIAL. Please visit ValueForCeragon.com for more information.
Peter A. Smith
President and Chief Executive Officer
About Aviat Networks, Inc.
Aviat Networks, Inc. is the leading expert in wireless transport solutions and works to provide dependable products, services and support to its customers. With more than one million systems sold into 170 countries worldwide, communications service providers and private network operators including state/local government, utility, federal government and defense organizations trust Aviat with their critical applications. Coupled with a long history of microwave innovations, Aviat provides a comprehensive suite of localized professional and support services enabling customers to drastically simplify both their networks and their lives. For more than 70 years, the experts at Aviat have delivered high-performance products, simplified operations, and the best overall customer experience. Aviat Networks is headquartered in Austin, Texas. For more information, visit www.aviatnetworks.com or connect with Aviat Networks on Twitter, Facebook and LinkedIn.
The information contained in this document includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such statements include, without limitations, statements regarding the proposed transaction between Aviat and Ceragon, the results of the requested extraordinary general meeting of shareholders of Ceragon, Ceragon's actions in connection therewith, and any potential related litigation. All statements, trend analyses and other information contained herein regarding the foregoing beliefs and expectations, as well as about the markets for the services and products of Aviat and trends in revenue, and other statements identified by the use of forward-looking terminology, including, without limitation, "anticipate," "believe," "plan," "estimate," "expect," "goal," "will," "see," "continue," "delivering," "view," and "intend," or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions, constitute forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are neither historical facts nor assurances of future performance. Instead, forward-looking statements are based on estimates reflecting the current beliefs, expectations and assumptions of the senior management of Aviat regarding the future of its business, future plans and strategies, projections, anticipated events and trends, the economy and other future conditions. Such forward-looking statements involve a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those suggested by the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements should therefore be considered in light of various important factors, including those set forth in this document. Therefore, you should not rely on any of these forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from estimates or projections contained in the forward-looking statements include the following:
- the impact of COVID-19 on our business, operations and cash flows;
- continued price and margin erosion as a result of increased competition in the microwave transmission industry;
- our ability to realize the anticipated benefits of any proposed or recent acquisitions, including our proposed transaction with Ceragon, within the anticipated timeframe or at all, including the risk that proposed or recent acquisitions will not be integrated successfully;
- the results of the extraordinary general meeting of Ceragon's shareholders;
- the impact of the volume, timing, and customer, product, and geographic mix of our product orders;
- the timing of our receipt of payment for products or services from our customers;
- our ability to meet projected new product development dates or anticipated cost reductions of new products;
- our suppliers' inability to perform and deliver on time as a result of their financial condition, component shortages, the effects of COVID-19 or other supply chain constraints;
- the effects of inflation and the timing and extent of changes in the prices and overall demand for and availability of our inputs;
- customer acceptance of new products;
- the ability of our subcontractors to timely perform;
- weakness in the global economy affecting customer spending;
- retention of our key personnel;
- our ability to manage and maintain key customer relationships;
- uncertain economic conditions in the telecommunications sector combined with operator and supplier consolidation;
- our failure to protect our Intellectual property rights or defend against Intellectual property infringement claims by others;
- the results of our restructuring efforts;
- the ability to preserve and use our net operating loss carryforwards;
- the effects of currency and interest rate risks;
- the effects of current and future government regulations, including the effects of current restrictions on various commercial and economic activities in response to the COVID-19 pandemic;
- general economic conditions, including uncertainty regarding the timing, pace and extent of an economic recovery in the United States and other countries where we conduct business;
- the conduct of unethical business practices in developing countries;
- the impact of political turmoil in countries where we have significant business;
- the impact of tariffs, the adoption of trade restrictions affecting our products or suppliers, a United States withdrawal from or significant renegotiation of trade agreements, the occurrence of trade wars, the closing of border crossings, and other changes in trade regulations or relationships; and
- Aviat's ability to implement our stock repurchase program or the extent to which it enhances long-term stockholder value.
For more information regarding the risks and uncertainties for Aviat's business, see "Risk Factors" in Aviat's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") on August 25, 2021, as well as other reports filed by Aviat with the SEC from time to time. Aviat does not undertake any obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statement, whether written or oral, for any reason, except as required by law, even as new information becomes available or other events occur in the future.
This document does not constitute an offer to sell or exchange, or the solicitation of an offer to buy or exchange, any securities, nor will there be any sale of securities in any states or jurisdictions in which such offer or sale or exchange would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such jurisdiction. No offering of securities will be made except by means of a prospectus meeting the requirements of section 10 of the Securities Act of 1933 or an exemption therefrom.
In connection with any transaction between Aviat and Ceragon that involves the issuance of Aviat shares to the Ceragon shareholders, Aviat will file a registration statement with the SEC. INVESTORS ARE URGED TO READ THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT, ANY AMENDMENTS THERETO AND OTHER RELEVANT DOCUMENTS THAT MAY BE FILED WITH THE SEC CAREFULLY AND IN THEIR ENTIRETY WHEN THEY BECOME AVAILABLE BECAUSE THEY WILL CONTAIN IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT THE TRANSACTION. Investors will also be able to obtain copies of the registration statement and other documents containing important information about each of the companies once such documents are filed with the SEC, without charge, at the SEC's web site at www.sec.gov.
Okapi Partners LLC
Bruce Goldfarb / Chuck Garske / Teresa Huang
1 Source: Skylight Research
2 Permission to use quotations from ISS was neither sought nor obtained.
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SOURCE Aviat Networks, Inc.
Woke Airline Policies Threaten Safety, Workers Say
Woke Airline Policies Threaten Safety, Workers Say
Authored by Janice Hisle via The Epoch Times (emphasis ours),
Southwest Airlines Co. is…
Authored by Janice Hisle via The Epoch Times (emphasis ours),
Southwest Airlines Co. is basking in accolades for its “diversity, equity, and inclusion” (DEI) efforts, award-winning customer service, and record-breaking quarterly revenues.
Behind the scenes of that rosy picture, heartaches are afflicting Southwest, called “the airline with Heart” because of its heart-shaped logo and a corporate culture steeped in “The Golden Rule,” treating others the same way they’d like to be treated.
But eight current Southwest employees, including three minorities, told The Epoch Times that “woke, leftist” DEI policies, as implemented, have tarnished the cherished Golden Rule principle, fractured a once-cohesive workforce, and, ultimately, may put safety at risk.
Faced with pandemic-related staffing shortages and pressure to add minorities, the company has changed the way it hires, trains, and disciplines workers—mostly to benefit less-qualified new hires representing the diversity rainbow, the employees say.
One Southwest flight attendant, a Hispanic female, said: “They are compromising safety for the sake of race, gender identity, and sexual preference … They’re risking people’s lives because of agendas.”
Southwest, one of America’s largest air carriers, didn’t respond to messages seeking comment.
Similar issues have spread industry-wide, according to 10 airline employees who agreed to be interviewed. Four are pilots and six are flight attendants; most have 20 or more years of experience. All of them, including two American Airlines pilots, spoke on condition of anonymity to protect their jobs.
While no one thinks the policies are causing an imminent threat of a plane falling out of the sky tomorrow, all of the interviewees agreed that each time a standard is lowered, or a less-qualified employee is hired, the risk that something can go horribly wrong inches forward a notch or two. In an industry that depends on a near-miracle integration of people, machinery, and computers, even a few deviations can culminate in catastrophe.
Still, some employees worry about what could happen if current trends continue to stress out and distract safety professionals. Said one flight attendant: “It’s a recipe for disaster. I just hope I’m not at work when it happens.”
While promoting diversity sounds like a great idea, the inclusionary policies have actually become exclusionary at Southwest, employees say. Disparate treatment has divided their ranks into two distinct camps: those with “desirable” or “approved” personal, social, or political characteristics—and those without.
Minorities or people with leftist political views, varying gender identities, and alternative sexual orientations appear to be given wide latitude. This “protected class” is allowed to bend or break rules, and new hires in these classifications may be given extra chances to pass required skills tests, the employees said.
At the same time, veteran workers—especially those who are white, heterosexual, and conservative—find themselves in the crosshairs for almost anything, including making a personal statement of religious or political beliefs, the Southwest workers said. Even minorities can be shifted into this targeted group if they espouse personal beliefs running counter to causes that the company supports.
“There are two sets of standards: One for us and one for them,” said an experienced flight attendant.
One of her colleagues said: “The company is trying to eliminate anybody who does not agree with their agenda. The last few years, anybody who speaks up against them, they want gone.” That flight attendant said she had no problems at work until she posted her Christian religious beliefs on her personal Facebook page, along with her support of President Donald Trump. A coworker reported the posts to Southwest, and the flight attendant said she has faced repercussions ever since.
She and others say the targeting of conservatives is common—and they point to the recently publicized case of fired Southwest flight attendant Charlene Carter as a prime example.
‘Targeted Assassinations’ of Conservatives
Last month, a federal jury in Texas awarded Carter more than $5 million after finding that Southwest wrongfully terminated her and that her union didn’t live up to its duty to represent her. The company fired Carter after she expressed her pro-life views to a union leader via social media and opposed the union’s pro-abortion activism.
The company supported the union’s political activism, Carter’s suit says, by accommodating work-shift changes for union members so they could participate in the Women’s March on Washington, D.C., in January 2017. Marchers were protesting Trump’s inauguration; one of the primary sponsors of the event was Planned Parenthood. Southwest also showed “solidarity” with the protesters by bathing its airplane cabins in pink lights on some D.C.-bound flights, Carter’s lawsuit says.
Documents in the case revealed that some union officials and political activists were singling out dissenting Southwest employees for “targeted assassinations,” meaning that they would try to get the company to fire them, using the company’s social media policy as a bludgeon.
In an interview with The Epoch Times on Aug. 8, Carter, who lives near Denver, Colorado, said she can’t believe that some leaders of Transport Workers Union of America Local 556, who helped set her up to be fired, are still working for Southwest.
Carter also validated her coworkers’ concerns about the disparate treatment of employees who dare to oppose leftist agendas. “I think there are a ton of cases out there just like mine,” she said. Terminated employees from Southwest and other airlines have been continuously contacting Carter for help after learning about the July 14 verdict in her case.
Carter spent five years fighting in court; she thinks she was one of the first casualties of the erosion of Southwest’s unique corporate culture, which she witnessed during the latter part of her 20-plus years at the airline.
“We all loved our jobs; we all loved each other—our CoHearts, that’s what we called each other,” Carter said, pointing out that the airline’s stock ticker is LUV, a nod to its birthplace at Love Field, Texas.
Corporate Culture Shift
But corporate leadership and philosophy shifted. Carter said, her former coworkers tell her the culture is now one where people are fired on a whim, and they’re encouraged to file complaints against each other over perceived insults, such as failure to use the “preferred pronoun” of a person asserting an alternative gender identity.
Employees who face such accusations are presumed guilty, a current flight attendant said, and they risk suspension or termination. “That is how we are treated now,” she said.
“It’s gotten ridiculous,” Carter said. She was astounded to learn that lapel pins, designating preferred pronouns, are being offered to staff.
A fellow flight attendant says the company’s priorities are misplaced.
“We used to be focused on hiring ‘the best of the best,’” she said. “So why is it now that we feel at Southwest Airlines that we have to use the right pronouns and we have to acquiesce to someone’s gender-fluid mentality?”
The DEI Effect
The interviewed employees blame DEI policies for sowing the seeds of division. Ironically, before DEI was implemented, “people were never labeled,” a flight attendant said. “I find it very divisive,” she said, “because now everyone is labeled, divided by race, gender sexual orientation … whatever.”
“This is wrong—all the way wrong,” she said.
The company’s annual report, in its DEI section, says, “Southwest Airlines recognizes, respects, and values differences. … At Southwest, DEI is and always has been a part of our DNA.”
All four major airlines—and many other American companies—publicly disclose DEI-related information, such as data on minority recruitment and the racial makeup of their workforce.
“Every airline is trying to push forward with minority hiring because they want to ‘show that they care,’” aviation analyst Jay Ratliff said. “They’re being asked, ‘How many women are within your pilot ranks? … How many pilots of color?’”
If an airline’s diversity metrics seem low in comparison to their competitors’ numbers, the company’s reputation and bottom line can suffer, Ratliff said.
That’s not necessarily fair, he said, because few people have the ability, interest, and financial means to qualify as a commercial airline pilot. Amassing the FAA-required 1,500 hours of flight time with an instructor can cost $75,000 or more, pilots said.
Last year, United Airlines announced its goals: to train 5,000 new pilots by 2030 at its new flight school, with “at least half of those students to be women or people of color.” The first class of new recruits “exceeded that goal,” with 80 percent of the 30 students fitting that category, the airline said in a report.
Considering that white males make up about one-third of the American population, a Southwest pilot said that composing a class with 80 percent minorities and women looks like “DEI special-status hiring on steroids.”
Scoring Systems Push Diversity
DEI data play a significant role in corporate ESG scores—ratings of a company’s “environmental, social, and governance” performance. It’s a complex—and controversial—way to assess which companies are considered “good corporate citizens.”
Most of the interviewed airline employees believe that the pursuit of ESG scores is driving corporate personnel practices, including ignoring well-qualified male applicants while eagerly hiring less-experienced female and minority candidates.
Increasingly, ESG scores can help determine whether a company sinks or swims. A good ESG score can attract investors, government contracts, and favorable loan-interest rates—benefits that are especially important for the airline industry, in which lucrative U.S. Department of Defense contracts are at stake and profit margins are razor-thin because of astronomical costs for equipment and personnel.
ESG ratings have existed in some form for decades, yet they barely registered a blip on internet searches until a few months ago, amid the Biden administration’s continued push for businesses to address environmental concerns and to institute “green” policies, which weigh heavily in ESG scores and DEI metrics.
Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis recently announced his intent to push back against ESG, calling it “leveraging corporate power to impose an ideological agenda on society.”
Refinitiv, a company that produces ESG scores, says its process for calculating the ratings starts with collecting more than 630 ESG measures from each company’s public disclosures. Other ESG assessors have their own rating systems, which means results can vary depending on which assessment method is being used. ESG advocates are now working on standardizing how these scores are calculated.
Several airline employees said it would benefit their company, their industry, and society in general if ESG scores and DEI programs were abolished.
One Southwest pilot with decades of experience said such measures create unnecessary complications with no positive effect on the airline’s core mission.
“Why do we need DEI programs? Why do we need ESG? A lot of the public isn’t even aware these things exist,” he said. “The passengers just want people like me to get them, and their bags, to the same place at the same time, safely … DEI and ESG do nothing to support that—zero.”
“I need these DEI programs and ESG scores to go out the back of the airplane like the jet fuel that we burn.”
Non-Pilots Hiring Pilots
Southwest’s annual report says it has been “evolving hiring and development practices to support diversity goals.”
Those changes are troubling to the interviewed employees and to the pilots’ union. In a letter to members last month, the Southwest Airlines Pilots Association pointed out that, for the first time in the company’s 51-year history, a non-pilot is in charge of hiring pilots. The “system chief pilot” used to have that responsibility. “We are just a single step away” from hiring pilots based upon mere reviews of their resumes, association president Casey Murray wrote to union members. Southwest has about 9,600 pilots, the letter said.
Putting a non-pilot in charge of hiring pilots most likely will affect the quality of the pilots who are being hired, Southwest interviewees said. People who lack specific knowledge of this specialized job would have a hard time telling the difference between a good hire and a bad one, pilots said. One of the interviewed pilots said that the chief pilot told him: “The diversity department has a very strong voice in who gets hired.”
Southwest wants to hire more than 2,000 pilots in the next year, the union’s letter said, questioning whether those new hires will be required to meet Southwest’s traditionally high standards. “Across the entire commercial aviation industry, employers are fighting for an ever-shrinking pool of qualified pilots,” yet Southwest may be at a disadvantage to compete for those pilots. Contract negotiations with Southwest’s pilots are lagging, compared to progress with other airlines’ pilot unions, Murray said.
“Pilots are the fuel that powers Southwest Airlines, and right now Southwest’s supply of fuel is running low. Time is growing critical, and options are becoming limited,” Murray wrote.
Seeking the Best (Non-White) Pilots?
Current pilots also say they have learned that hiring decisions are being driven by a job candidate scoring system; they’re unsure how long it has been in place, how it works, or whether it unfairly elevates minorities. The company controls all of that information.
Still, the employees feel confident in anecdotal evidence suggesting that the scoring system, coupled with other hiring practices, could be producing a pattern of discrimination against men, especially white men who come from military backgrounds—previously highly sought-after job candidates. “We could be wrong, but I don’t think we are,” said one pilot who has military experience.
That pilot said he thinks the vast majority of his colleagues have heard accounts of possible discrimination similar to the following:
When a well-qualified former military pilot applied for a job, Southwest never contacted him for an interview. But the applicant learned that a woman was hired as a pilot, despite having half as much experience in the airline industry.
Further, the man had experience as a captain while the woman had only been a first officer, who sits next to the captain in the cockpit. “It’s a completely different world” when a person shifts into the captain’s chair, said the pilot.
“We’re leaving a lot of people behind who are better-qualified, just because they’re the wrong color, or they’re identified the wrong way. That’s concerning. We’re not putting the best up-front,” he said. “We have people’s lives in our hands. It’s just like with doctors. If you go to a doctor, you want to go to the best doctor you can.”
An American Airlines pilot with decades of experience said he was less troubled than some of the Southwest interviewees who worried about the effects of reduced standards as a result of the increased emphasis on diversity hiring. However, that pilot said he would become very concerned if standards are lowered “to the point where people aren’t flying as confidently.”
A second American Airlines pilot said he has observed that “training is not nearly as comprehensive as it used to be,” he said. “But these people who are starting out are flying with people who are supremely qualified to be flying airplanes—so mistakes can be covered.”
He thinks the reduced standards could eventually cause problems if the hyperfocus on diversity continues: “If you’re looking for a diverse workforce and not a qualified workforce, you’ve got issues. … You haven’t seen any accidents because of ‘diversity,’ but the potential is there.”
All 11 people who were interviewed for this story, including Carter, the ex-flight attendant, said personal traits such as gender and race shouldn’t be part of the equation at all.
“From the cockpit door forward, guys and gals of all ethnicities are after the same thing—and that’s a safe flight,” said one of the American Airlines pilots. “They don’t care who sits next to them as long as they can do the job.”
More Than Snack Servers
Most air passengers think of flight attendants as hospitality ambassadors who make them comfortable with beverages, snacks, blankets, and pillows. But their main purpose is to assist in the rare event of an in-flight emergency.
Six Southwest flight attendants, along with Carter, say they feel less able to perform crucial duties because of the climate in which they’re now operating—and new hires appear to be less equipped to shoulder those responsibilities.
“They have just made it such a hostile work environment. Southwest has made it that way, and flight attendants are afraid to do their jobs,” a flight attendant said. “But you’re supposed to put a smile on your face and pretend that everything is grand.”
The flight attendants describe feeling as though a backstabber is always ready to pounce, to report any action or statement that doesn’t fit the corporate ideology. They’re being held to strict conduct and uniform standards while “accommodations” are extended to people in protected classes, such as a minority woman who was allowed to wear a nose ring—which got a white female in trouble—and a male flight attendant who described himself as “nonbinary”—neither totally male nor totally female—being allowed to wear a skirt that appeared to be shorter than regulations allowed.
The nonbinary employee seemed to be using his position at the airline as a platform for LGBTQ activism and self-promotion, rather than focusing on benefiting the company or its customers, fellow flight attendants said. They shared screenshots of the nonbinary employee’s social media posts. One is a selfie of the mustached man posing in his Southwest uniform, with the comment, “My dress looks better on me than most chicks.”
That employee no longer works for Southwest, flight attendants said. Yet they said they were aware that a couple of employees faced disciplinary action for referring to the nonbinary employee as “he” in a members-only Facebook group for flight attendants.
Antics Embarrass Fellow Flight Attendants
One flight attendant perceives that the company is making skewed, unfair hiring decisions, and creating a level of absurdity that’s hard to stomach. She knows of people who are related to Southwest employees and have college degrees—which go beyond the high-school education requirement for flight attendants—“and they don’t get hired, and yet we have this guy, with a mustache, in a skirt, distracting us all because the company wants to fight over his pronouns.”
Being a flight attendant used to be considered prestigious and classy; Southwest was viewed as “Mount Rushmore,” a pinnacle for flight attendants, who felt proud just to be hired.
“Now the pride is not about the brand of Southwest Airlines,” a flight attendant said. “It’s about how different I can be as an employee of Southwest Airlines—like, ‘Y’all need me more than I need you.’”
Public perception of the role has diminished, not just at Southwest, but across the industry. Airlines grant diversity-based exceptions to people who don’t want to look or act professional, the flight attendants said.
It used to be unusual to see flight attendants behave in ways that brought embarrassment to their coworkers. Now, quite a few of the new hires who were prized for their diversity “are rather risqué,” a flight attendant said. “They become very emboldened; they feel they can get away with this because they are in a protected class.”
Still, Southwest has had to fire employees who pushed the envelope too far, including one minority flight attendant who solicited sex in a social media video and another who videoed herself twerking. In both instances, the videos, provided to the Epoch Times, show the employees in Southwest uniforms.
Such conduct disgusts the flight attendants, and their concern is more than superficial. “If we relax the appearance standards and we’re letting people lower their professional standards, then they obviously are not equipped to handle any type of safety issue that can happen on that plane,” a flight attendant said.
“Where do you draw the line and say enough is enough?”
Commitment, Skills Insufficient
One of the flight attendants who has been targeted for religious and political views said her commitment to her job boils down to this: “I will give my life for my passengers and my crew, if that’s what I need to do. My last words will be, ‘Let’s roll,’” she said, referencing the famous words spoken by a passenger on one of the U.S. airplanes that were hijacked on Sept. 11, 2001.
She doesn’t see that same level of grit from the new hires. “They don’t have the same tough mentality,” she said. Nor do they have the same work ethic, which might be attributable to differences between the younger and older generations.
The older flight attendant described being busy from the beginning to the end of each flight while many of the new hires tend to just serve one round of drink orders, “then they go back to the back (of the airplane) and sit down for the rest of the flight.”
The new employees aren’t demonstrating mastery of the skills they were supposed to have been taught, or willingness to perform them. A passenger was having a medical emergency but the flight attendant in charge of that section “wouldn’t even come out of the galley to assist,” said one flight attendant. Instead, she and a second colleague had to take care of the ailing passenger.
Such an incident stokes her worst fear: “Somebody’s gonna die. With the lack of training that we’re seeing in the new hires that are coming out … there’s going to be somebody who’s not trained, facing an emergency.”
Read more here...
‘Ding, Dong Inflation Is Dead’… But Probably Isn’t So Don’t Get Your Hopes Up Yet
‘Ding, Dong Inflation Is Dead’… But Probably Isn’t So Don’t Get Your Hopes Up Yet
Authored by Bill Blain via MorningPorridge.com,
“Inflation is everywhere a misunderstanding of what actually caused it..“
The pace of US CPI inflation moderated slightly, but it’s too early for the market to conclude rate hikes are over. There are many imbalances still to resolve – especially in consumer credit. Meanwhile, the new UK premier’s clumsy attempts to blame the BOE raise questions.
Markets surged last night on the back of lower-than-expected US inflation. Markets globally rallied, anticipating a slowdown in the pace of Fed Interest Rate Hikes, and a resumption of the long bull Equity market. Bonds rallied. Joy, joy… joy..
Oh dear. It may be well to remember the Happy Munchkins in the Wizard of Oz singing “Ding Dong, Inflation’s Dead…” but, that occurs right at the start of the film… before things get “challenging”. I’m not saying End-of-the-World.. just not-quite-as-rosy-as-you-hope!
The pace of US consumer price inflation fell to 8.5% y-o-y, down from 9.1% in June. It’s well to remember what the CPI number shows is fast prices are rising, not how much they have risen – it’s a subtle, but critical difference…
8.5% Inflation means prices are still rising, (Doh!), just less quickly than last month. Rising prices mean the Fed, and other Central Banks still have to address them. (Which is why expecting Central Banks to mellow rate rises/tighter monetary policy on a single snapshot number is a foolish hope.) 8% inflation sounds so much better than 9%, but it’s still inflation; an imbalance between supply and demand that prices are trying to correct. Result: central banks will keep raising rates to stun demand – if they are brave enough to court criticism from politicians.
The US number shows there are still significant inflationary pulses – and concurrent consequences – surging through the US economy. The lower number will focus analysts on just how quickly the inflation pace will start to fall. The oil shocks in the 1970s lasted effectively a decade. The first 1973 shock took around three years to abate, and was followed by an even stronger price shock in 1977 that took till the early 80s to resolve.
A one-month reversal in a longer-term inflation trend is not unusual – it’s far too early to say a one-month slight improvement in the pace of rising prices means the top has been crossed. But the inflation charts do show it is unusual to get consecutive months of declines, and then a sharp increase again. Its more common for inflation to remain stubbornly high for a number of years following an upspike. (That said… in time of “policy experimentation”, like 2010, an upspike was swiftly followed by a down spike.)
What the US CPI number did confirm is the US economy is in a very different place, and a different stage, to Europe and the Global economy. The key difference is the US report showed energy prices are normalising and reducing as petrol prices moderate. Jet fuel costs declined bringing down the cost of travel. In Europe – there is little chance of energy price moderation – if anything consumer energy bills will become increasingly chaotic and damaging to sentiment. Queue the great divergence between US and Europe – and what that means in terms of investment opportunities.
On the other hand; the US numbers show rising interest rates are impacting consumers cash, food prices continue to rise sharply while housing costs are also spiking. Ah… common experiences Europe and the US share.
The CPI numbers suggest the US economy is still in trouble. Over the past few months I’ve been watching things like Auto-loan delinquencies – as rates rise, and car prices surged on the back of availability and supply chain issues (primarily the shortage of chips), car financing costs became increasingly unaffordable. Auto-loan defaults are rising – but they have not become a crisis because – thus far – the used-car market can very quickly absorb repossessed cars. The reality is 20% of US autoloans go to sub-prime borrowers – who are the ones living pay-check to pay-check, and following years of declining real income (and now a crashing real-income shock) lack the financial resilience to keep paying.
Figures from the Fed show US Household debt is increasing – up 2% in Q2 2022 to $16.15 trillion (!). Officially, that’s because of repressed spending during the pandemic.
In reality, it’s cash-strapped US consumers are living off credit. Much of that credit is real: mortgage and auto-lending, but other numbers like credit cards and from new DeFi lenders showing rising shadow-banking sector lending problems. The default crisis impacting lenders like Klarna comes on the back of cash-strapped consumers using credit to buy their daily milk, bread and petrol. You can’t repossess a bag of shopping.
The inflation driven economic threat in Europe is also about consumers. Years of low incomes, wage constraints, and job insecurity across much of Southern Europe leaves a massive number of consumers with precious few savings. The middle classes have been decimated by rising costs, consumer debt, and taxes.
(It’s a truism: if you can afford a lawyer and an accountant, you can avoid taxes… which is why tax gatherers, like the UK HRMC go for the weakest targets to collect unpaid dues. It takes less effort to extract a million in taxes from 10 struggling middle-class businessmen that it takes to get Amazon to pay a single cent. If there businesses collapse – so what, the tax got its money…)
Who is to blame for inflation?
The UK’s prime minister in waiting, Tank Girl Liz Truss ,says it’s all the Bank of England’s doing. Which is somewhat harsh.
I was unaware Bank of England Governor Andrew Bailey triggered the Russian invasion of Ukraine after first persuading Angela Merkle to close her nuclear plants and give German energy security to Vladmir Putin. `I though the Energy shock and food inflation shock were exogenous.
I was unaware it was Andrew Bailey who decided Tory MPS could give billions of govt money to their chums to not deliver functional PPE to the health service during the pandemic.
I was unaware it was Andrew Bailey who came up with (actually brilliant) furlough scheme to preserve jobs and consumer security (that was a very clever civil servant who has got zero credit for his efforts.)
I was unaware it was Andrew Bailey who set the government’s spending plans…
What I thought was Andrew Bailey and his colleagues at the Bank of England were maintaining a low interest rate economy to keep the pandemic economy functioning through the challenging pandemic years, and to keep the gilt market looking attractive so the UK Debt Management Office could continue to fund the Government’s funding schemes – all the while fretting about how to normalise ultra-low interest rates put in place to stimulate the economy in the 20-teens without destabilising everything.
Liz Truss doesn’t think so. That’s why she will not be getting my vote. (Not that I have one to give her.. but that’s not the point.)
The point is our next prime minister and First Lord of the Treasury will be chosen by 160,000 rank and file conservative party members. They are generally older, well-off, white, male and Eurosceptic. 63% are male. 80% are in the wealthy ABC demographic. 58% are over 55 and remember the Glory of Margaret Thatcher with religious reverence.
Which is why I think someone has been whispering in Tank Girl’s ear – I suspect the Minister for the Spanish Inquisition (Jacob Rees-Mogg). Now, Tank Girl wants to remove the Bank’s independence and replace inflation targeting with money supply targeting. Christ-on-a-bike: did I just drop through a worm hole into 1981? Big hair, shoulder pads, Duran-Duran and economic disaster…
I fear She opened the door into the Treasury’s Black Museum – and unlocked the box of Tragic Economic Mistakes, unleasing the Zombies of Monetarist Economic thinking like Mad Paddy Mitford (who says her plans are brilliant – unsurprisingly) and Tim Condon. Oh dear. Lord spare us…
If so, then we really are rubber ducked. Monetarism, ahem, was such a success back in the 1980s – NOT! In the form of Thatcherism, the consequences are today’s broken Britain, the imbalance between London and the regions unknown outside the M25, the rebellious Scots and a host of long-term structural problems.
If someone had unleashed the Zombie Vampyres of Monetarism, then I’ll be sure to carry my crucifix, a sharp pointy wooden stake, and flask of Lagavulin (my holy water) when next in London.
Although its only August, the Christmas shops are already opening. I am tempted to write to Santa now. “Dear Father Christmas… I have been a very good boy all year. Please can we have a completely new UK Government?”
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« SebelumnyaLanjutkan »
FEBRUARY 24, 1900.-Referred to the Committee on the Census
and ordered to be printed.
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.
Resolved, That the Commissioner of Labor be, and he is hereby, directed to forward to the Senate, for its use, the manuscript prepared by him on “The History and Growth of the United States Census."
SEP 20 1901
DEPARTMENT OF LABOR,
Washington, D. C., February 24, 1900. SIR: In accordance with a resolution adopted by the Senate yesterday, I have the honor to forward herewith the manuscript prepared by me on The History and Growth of the United States Census. I am, respectfully,
CARROLL D. WRIGHT,
Commissioner. Hon. WILLIAM P. FRYE,
President pro tempore United States Senate. | <urn:uuid:5c7b33a7-7a56-4706-b789-8765e3e1d636> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://books.google.co.id/books?id=4olZAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA1&focus=viewport&vq=%22as+to+the+propriety+of+including+or+not+including+doubtful+cases+in+his+enumeration+of+any+given+family.%22&dq=editions:LCCN2002485403&hl=id&output=html_text | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.895748 | 203 | 1.960938 | 2 |
Year of Publication
Date of Thesis
Master of Science
Health Promotion and Physical Education
Physical education for children
Furey, D. John, "A comparison of interaction behaviors in elementary physical education classes differing in attitude toward physical education" (1981). Ithaca College Theses. Paper 93. | <urn:uuid:ae2c2c29-722c-4cf4-b0e2-1d43facf2faa> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://digitalcommons.ithaca.edu/ic_theses/93/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00507-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.752945 | 63 | 1.710938 | 2 |
02/14/96 - 06:53 PM ET - Click reload often for latest version
GLOGOVA, Bosnia-Herzegovina - There was no grass growing amid the puddles of water and ice. But poking from the furrowed, frozen earth were several human bones, including a broken femur, a shattered skull and parts of a jaw.
There were also boots, shoes and bits of clothing.
In this valley just over the hill from Srebrenica, scene of a bloody massacre when the city fell to Serbs last July, a new grave site has been discovered.
The new grave is just west of the main, paved road between Bratunac and Nova Kasaba, about 100 yards up a small muddy track road near burned-out, looted houses and a small clump of trees.
The new grave site appears in U.S. intelligence photographs, including ones taken in October that appear to show an excavation being undertaken at the location.
U.S. intelligence reports speculate that Bosnian Serbs may have poured acid on the bodies at this location, to mask their identity.
The International Red Cross estimates that up to 5,500 persons are missing from the Srebrenica area. The Bosnian government lists 20,000 still unaccounted for.
Thursday, Richard Goldstone, chief prosecutor for the war crimes tribunal, asked NATO for help in securing sites containing possible mass graves. He especially requested help in the Srebrenica area and parts of central Bosnia.
But British Lt. Gen. Michael Walker, commander of NATO ground troops in Bosnia, said his troops could eventually assist war crimes investigators to reach suspected mass grave sites only after the former warring parties are separated.
"We would be running around like rabbits if we went rushing after every single mass grave allegation," Walker said.
Walker said his forces had already visited two suspected grave sites and found the allegations to be false. At least 15 more locations have been mentioned to NATO.
"I cannot just dissipate my forces in penny packets when they have this terribly important task of concentrating on the zones of separation," Walker said.
U.S. military units in NATO, who are responsible for the Srebrenica area, held a meeting Tuesday with Bosnian Serbs less than 10 miles from the mass grave. But spokesman Maj. Patrick McCarthy said said it would be "a matter of weeks" before any U.S. troops could look for graves.
McCarthy said the military has been holding back moving toward Srebrenica and surrounding areas until the Red Cross can enter to prepare for the return of any refugees.
U.N. Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali, in a report to the Security Council on Nov. 27, 1995, said there "is substantial evidence to support the conclusion that an unknown number of Bosnian Muslim men were executed by Bosnian Serb forces."
Glogova was the site of other alleged massacres documented last year by The Christian Science Monitor.
A Human Rights/Helsinki report in October 1995 said that captured Muslims were forced to spend the night in trucks just north of this location.
Ivan Lupis, a member of the Human Rights/Helsinki commission, said survivors who his organization interviewed told how Serb soldiers were looking for people from certain places.
"One of the places they were looking for people from was Glogova," Lupis said. "They would pull them out of the trucks. This was a very systematic plan."
By Tom Squitieri, USA TODAY | <urn:uuid:180545e3-b7f9-4e53-a54c-b508dcaf52f7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/index/bosnia/jan96/nbos134.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00344-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974021 | 734 | 2.203125 | 2 |
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