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Love this idea from Delights and Designs… You could easily extend this for more able pupils to contain more word types. Children are encouraged to come up and pick a word from the teacher. They then place the stick in the correct pot. To further extend, they could then pick a word from each cup and create a sentence. Perfect for assessment!
Roll and Read Phonics Literacy Stations for the entire year!! THREE levels (below level, on level, above level) - so easy to differentiate! & they all come with sound in "helper red" or with the words all black. There's also a version with sentences! AMAZING | <urn:uuid:0652fe8e-40ee-410d-97fd-801e1849c9d6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://za.pinterest.com/explore/sentences-for-words/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00552-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.9406 | 133 | 2.96875 | 3 |
What type of tank should I get, salt water or fresh? That is a hard question for most enthusiasts when they first decide to get invoived in a fish tank. There are pros and cons to both.
There are varying opinions by proponents of either. So what you choose will depend on what your, interests, preferences and finances, (there is also a higher cost involved in maintaining a salt water tank as opposed a fresh water tank) are. .
One main consensus is that salt water tanks require more maintenance. They must be constantly maintained to make sure chemical levels are correct and algae blooms are in check. That is not to say that maintenance is not needed for fresh water tanks, algae and chemical balance is a concern also.
There is also a question of what type of fish to get. There is definitely more variety for salt water speicies. You also have the option of setting up a reef tank which probably would require the most maintenance due to the fact the reef must be gradually cultured, nutured and acclimated to the tank.
While salt water tanks may be attractive for their complexity, fresh water may be just as beautiful for its simplicity. When most beginners get an aquarium, they get a goldfish, which is a fresh water species. You can use cheaper, simplified filtration systems such as gravel or sand.
Moreover, who needs water? You could also use a tank for amphibious animals like snakes or turtles.
The beauty of this no matter what you decide, you can use JT Enterprises bulkheads or bioballs for you aquarium needs. Wet dry or trickle filters which incorporate bio balls can be used in either salt or fresh water tanks while bulkheads can be used in any tank for drainage or connective purposes. So whatever you decide to get involved in for your aquarium hobby, please remember JT Enterprises. | <urn:uuid:8be3d252-3a82-42ec-88be-5d3623948082> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://bulkheadbioball.com/salt-or-fresh-water-aquarium/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00068.warc.gz | en | 0.95715 | 378 | 1.796875 | 2 |
Translation of hydropower documentation
Translation of hydropower documentation is essential as hydropower is a very important source of energy in Africa and more and more Governments are trying to make use of their water resources to take power to many geographically distant communities. In the past we have been involved in the translation of different documents for a couple of large hydropower dams in Angola and most recently we have been contracted to work on another new project. “I am honoured to be selected to be part of these exciting projects that will improve people’s lives, bringing power to houses, schools, medical centres and businesses and creating new opportunities for communities which are often forgotten due to their remoteness. Translation of hydropower documentation for Angola is a very specialised field and by having a good experience in the area I know I can provide the very best translation service to my clients.”, Mónica Machado.
Mónica Machado offers English to Portuguese Translation Services, for Portuguese-speaking African countries such as Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, Cape Verde and Sao Tome and Principe in the areas of Oil and Gas, Environment, Shipping, Mining, Hydro Power, HSE and Social Sciences and International Humanitarian Aid. Fully certified translation services based in the UK.
Image from Shutterstock
Comments are closed | <urn:uuid:aa9fcb1b-a180-4ca1-b2cc-7308a9bcec36> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mmachadotranslation.co.uk/translation-of-hydropower-documentation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.956901 | 278 | 1.578125 | 2 |
There was a warm welcome in Islamabad for Hilary Clinton but the smiles will do little to gloss over soaring tensions between Pakistan and the US.
The US Secretary of State is in the country for what are expected to be tough talks over America’s killing of Osama bin Laden on Pakistani soil. Ahead of her arrival Clinton said Pakistan had much more to do to defeat Islamist militancy. Illustrating the point was a suicide bombing on Thursday in the town of Hangu that killed at least 25 people.
It was the latest in a series of attacks, apparently in revenge for the death of the al Qaeda leader.
Pakistani leaders were outraged not to have been consulted over the covert operation by US forces. But Washington remains deeply troubled that Bin Laden was able to live safely in a Pakistani garrison town.
Get a different perspective
Every story can be told in many ways: see the perspectives from Euronews journalists in our other language teams. | <urn:uuid:ebf57a55-0ab0-401e-be14-ea14a9ffe471> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.euronews.com/2011/05/27/clinton-in-pakistan-for-showdown-talks | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00548-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972206 | 191 | 1.851563 | 2 |
CADTH (Free!) Virtual Workshop 2021
This workshop was first scheduled to take place at the CADTH Symposium in 2020, but was cancelled due to the Covid-19 pandemic. It is now being offered for free by CADTH as part of a virtual series. Click here for registration details
The goal of this interactive workshop is to provide participants with an overview of bivariate meta-analysis methods for diagnostic accuracy. We will first introduce the traditional model where the reference test is perfect. We will then cover latent class meta-analysis for the situation when the reference test is not perfect. Lectures will be followed by tutorials of the following Shiny app for a hands-on experience:
- Bayesian Diagnostic Test Accuracy Meta-Analysis (from https://bayesdta.shinyapps.io/meta-analysis/)
Session 1: Bivariate Meta-analyses (9:00 – 10:30am)
Session 2: Latent class meta-Analysis (10:30am-noon)
Kohli M, Schiller I, Dendukuri N, Dheda K, Denkinger CM, Schumacher SG, Steingart KR. Xpert(®) MTB/RIF assay for extrapulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Aug 27;8:CD012768
Xie X, Sinclair A, Dendukuri N. Evaluating the accuracy and economic value of a new test in the absence of a perfect reference test. Res Synth Methods. 2017 Sep;8(3):321-332.
Comparison of Saliva and Nasopharyngeal Swab Nucleic Acid Amplification Testing for Detection of SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med. 2021 Jan 15:e208876.
We pursue our series of blog articles illustrating rjags programs for diagnostic meta-analysis with an article describing how to carry out Bayesian inference for the...Read more
Contents OVERVIEW MOTIVATING EXAMPLE AND DATA THE MODEL INITIAL VALUES COMPILING AND RUNNING THE MODEL MONITORING CONVERGENCE SUMMARY STATISTICS SROC plot SCRIPT...Read more
Want to use a Bayesian approach to plan your study for comparing proportions? The R package SampleSizeProportions implements sample size calculations based on...Read more | <urn:uuid:16fb3b88-141d-47bf-b773-ba85fbc29929> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nandinidendukuri.com/cadth-virtual-workshop-2021/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.796735 | 532 | 1.523438 | 2 |
- Hydraulic Engineering. A Mesopotamian relief showing the agricultural importance of the rivers. …
- The Chariot. Scale model of a simple two-wheeled chariot which was invented by the Sumerians in Mesopotamia. …
- The Plow. Imitation of a Sumerian plow. According to Kramer, the Sumerians invented the plow, a vital technology in farming.
- Textile Mills. A Mesopotamian woman weaving. While other cultures in the Middle East gathered wool and used it to weave fabric for clothing, the Sumerians were the first to do …
How did the invention of Agriculture in Mesopotamia impact society?
It was here that agriculture began. Irrigation and farming were commonplace in this area because of the fertile land between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers. The invention of agriculture made it possible for humans to stay in the same place for a longer period of time without depending on hunting.
What are the main agricultural products of Mesopotamia?
Other agricultural products include sesame (derived from the Akkadian word šamaššammu ), which was widely cultivated and used to make oil. Olive oil was produced in the mountains. Flax was used to make linen cloth. Peas were cultivated in Mesopotamia, while lentils were preferred in Palestine.
What are some of the Great Inventions of Mesopotamia?
Another great invention of Mesopotamia people was a law system. When there was enough advancement in almost every field of life, crimes and misunderstandings began to happen. People who used to live in urban areas and other places had a different mindset. That’s why conflict started.
What inventions came from Mesopotamia?
Among the many inventions of the Mesopotamians were:The wheel.Mass-produced ceramics.Mathematics.Time.Writing.Cylinder seals and envelopes.Mass-produced bricks.Cities.More items…•
What are two agricultural innovations that the Mesopotamians are known for?
Key Ideas- Agricultural InnovationsMesopotamians invented a seeder plow. It allowed them to plow and plant at the same time.Mesopotamians tamed and raised animals. The animals were used for food and farm work.Producing extra food meant that not everyone had to farm. People could do other things for work.
What did Mesopotamia innovate?
The two Mesopotamian inventions considered most important are writing and the wheel. Although some scholars contend that the wheel originated in Central Asia (because the oldest wheel in the world was found there), it is generally accepted that the concept originated in Sumer because of the production of ceramics.
What were 10 Mesopotamian inventions?
10 Mesopotamian Inventions That Will Surprise YouBricks. The ‘Striding Lion’ Brick Mosaic from the Ishtar Gate, 604-562 BC, via The University of Chicago Oriental Institute. … Cities. … Beer. … Board Games. … Sailing. … Cartography. … Time. … Writing And Literature.More items…•
How did agriculture develop in Mesopotamia?
The regular flooding along the Tigris and the Euphrates made the land around them especially fertile and ideal for growing crops for food. That made it a prime spot for the Neolithic Revolution, also called the Agricultural Revolution, that began to take place almost 12,000 years ago.
What did the Mesopotamians invent to increase agricultural yield?
3 Ans- To increase agricultural yield, Mesopotamian invented the ox-drawn plough.
What are 12 things that were invented in Mesopotamia?
10 Mesopotamia Inventions You Should KnowCuneiform writing. Source: Brendan Aanes/Flickr. … Currency. Source: CNG/Wikimedia Commons. … Wheel. Source: Daderot/Wikimedia Commons. … Mathematics and the sexagesimal system.Astrology. … Astronomy. … Calendar. … Sailboat.More items…•
What was Mesopotamia famous for?
Its history is marked by many important inventions that changed the world, including the concept of time, math, the wheel, sailboats, maps and writing. Mesopotamia is also defined by a changing succession of ruling bodies from different areas and cities that seized control over a period of thousands of years.
What was the main economic activity in ancient Mesopotamia?
Agriculture is the ratio main economic activity in ancient Mesopotamia. Operating under harsh constraints, notably the arid climate, the Mesopotamian farmers developed effective strategies that enabled them to support the development of the first states, the first cities, and then the first known empires, under the supervision of the institutions which dominated the economy: the royal and provincial palaces, the temples, and the domains of the elites. They focused above all on the cultivation of cereals (particularly barley) and sheep farming, but also farmed legumes, as well as date palms in the south and grapes in the north.
Why were cattle important to Mesopotamia?
They were an essential part of Mesopotamian agriculture, notably because of their role as beasts of burden. Their importance is shown by the fact that they are the only domestic animals that were sometimes given names by their owners. Several texts relating to institutional estates inform us of the care taken of them. Weaned calves were fed on fodder composed of grain and reeds, and could be used to pull ploughs once they reached three years of age. Unlike smaller animals, working cattle could not survive off the meagre Mesopotamian pasture land and thus they had to receive rations, like humans, and thus were more expensive to maintain. Some cattle were raised for their meat and cows were valued for their milk.
What was the biggest problem for farmers in the South?
The largest problem for farmers in the south seems to have been the salinisation of the soil. Thorkild Jacobsen and Robert McC. Adams have argued that this caused an ecological crisis in Babylonia in the 18th-17th centuries BC. If this problem was really caused by the high salt content of the soil and their irrigation system brought a rising amount of salt-carrying water to the surface, then the ancient Mesopotamians seem to have developed techniques that ameliorated this issue: control of the quantity of water discharged into the field, soil leaching to remove salt, and the practice of leaving land to lie fallow. It is not certain that the salinisation of land in southern Mesopotamia actually did lead to a fall in output and crisis in the long-term, but it did constitute a constant year-to-year problem.
What is the terrain of Mesopotamia?
The terrain of Mesopotamia is mostly flat, consisting of floodplains and plateaus. It is bordered by high mountains on the eastern side – the Zagros range, which is pierced by deep valleys and canyons with a northwest-southeast orientation (Great Zab, Little Zab, Diyala) – and by smaller mountains and volcanoes in Upper Mesopotamia (Kawkab, Tur Abdin, Jebel Abd-el-Aziz, Sinjar, Mount Kirkuk). Essentially, Upper Mesopotamia consists of plateaus which are slightly inclined to the east, rising from 200–500 m in altitude, and which are now known as Jazirah (from the Arabic, al-jazayra, ‘the island’). Thus, the rivers flow through valleys which are 1–10 km wide. The southern half of Mesopotamia, which is the part properly called Mesopotamia from a geophysical point of view, since it is where the Tigris and Euphrates flow close to one another, is a vast plain, which is 150–200 km wide and has only a very slight incline, decreasing to the south until it is nearly non-existent. This encourages the development of river braiding, sudden changes of course, and the establishment of marshy areas.
What were the major changes in Mesopotamia during the second agricultural revolution?
Mesopotamia had been on the margin of developments in the Neolithic and the origins of agriculture and pastoralism took place in Mount Taurus, the Levant, and the Zagros, but it clearly participated in the second phase of major changes which took place in the Near East over the course of the 4th millennium BC, which are referred to as the ‘second agricultural revolution’ or the ‘revolution of secondary products’ in the case of pastoralism. These changes were characterised by the expansion of cereal cultivation following the invention of the plough and irrigation; the expansion of pastoralism, especially the raising of sheep for wool, but also beasts of burden such as cattle and donkeys, and dairy animals; and cultivation of fruit trees, such as date palms, olives, grapes, etc. They were accompanied by the establishment of the first states, the first cities, and these institutions possessed vast fields of cereals and great herds of sheep.
When were horses introduced to Mesopotamia?
Equids were domesticated late in Mesopotamian history, with the donkey ( ANŠE / imēru (o) ) only appearing clearly in the 4th millennium BC and the horse ( ANŠE.KUR.RA / sīsu (m)) arriving from elsewhere around the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC. They were joined by the onager which could be tamed, and the mule. The donkey rapidly came to play an essential role as a beast of burden, allowing the development of a system of caravans for long-distance transportation. The horse rapidly became a highly valued animal among the elites, especially warriors. The training of horses was the focus of a great deal of attention. The large areas of pasture in Mesopotamia are located in the north, but pale beside the areas available outside Mesopotamia in western Iran and the Caucasus. Starting around 2000 BC and especially in the 1st millennium BC, the dromedary and the camel ( ANŠE.A.AB.BA / ibilu) were introduced and came to play an important role as beasts of burden and transport. Their meat and milk was also consumed.
What are the two rivers that flow through Mesopotamia?
Other watercourses in Mesopotamia are the rivers that flow into the Tigris and Euphrates. The tributaries of the former originate in the Zagros; from north to south they are the Great Zab, the Little Zab, and Diyala. Their courses have a rapid flow, on account of the steep relief and the gorges through which they flow, as well as the snowmelt in spring which leads to large floods in April/May. They carry a large amount of the alluvium which ends up in the Tigris. The Euphrates has two tributaries which meet it in southern Jazirah: the Balikh and the Khabur .
What did the ancient Mesopotamian farmers use to plow the ground?
Ancient Mesopotamian farmers cultivated wheat, barley, cucumbers, and other different foods and vegetables. They used stone hoes to plow the ground before the invention of the plow. The Tigris and the Euphrates rivers that surrounded Mesopotamia made irrigation and farming a lot easier and more convenient.
How did the invention of the plow in Mesopotamia help the hunter-gatherer groups?
The invention of the plow in Mesopotamia helped the hunter-gatherer groups to stay in the same place and use agriculture for food rather than hun ting. 7. Time. The Mesopotamians developed the concept of time, dividing time units into 60 parts, which eventually led to 60-second minutes and 60-minute hours.
How did humans learn to domesticate animals?
Humans learned to domesticate animals and use them to make daily life easier. In Mesopotamia, man first harnessed the ox and developed the first plow called the “ard.” The earliest plow was made of wood and was very heavy. The major problem with the plow was that the dirt would stick to it and needed to be removed manually. It also did not work in thick grass. The invention of the plow in Mesopotamia helped the hunter-gatherer groups to stay in the same place and use agriculture for food rather than hunting.
How long did it take to learn cuneiform?
The writer had to drag the tip of a stylus across wet clay to create a shape. It was hard to remember every character and it would take 12 years for a person to learn to write in cuneiform.
Why was agriculture commonplace in the Euphrates?
It was here that agriculture began. Irrigation and farming were commonplace in this area because of the fertile land between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers. The invention of agriculture made it possible for humans to stay in the same place for a longer period of time without depending on hunting.
What is the cradle of civilization?
Urban Civilization. Often known as the cradle of civilization, Mesopotamian developed the concept of urbanization. For the first time in a history, humans started to settle in a specific place. The invention of agriculture made it possible to feed more people and animals living in a single location.
Who were the first people to use the counting system?
When the civilization began to flourish, people started to trade and they needed an accurate system to count the goods that they gave and received. The Sumerians were the first people on earth to develop the concept of counting.
When did agriculture start in Mesopotamia?
Early Agriculture in Mesopotamia. In Mesopotamia, which today is part of Iraq, food production began around 8000 BC having been introduced by settlers from the Iranian plateau. Jarmo in the Kurdish foothills represents the earliest stage of Agriculture. As men went hunting and gathering, the women they left behind may have experimented …
What were the factors that facilitated the development of law in Mesopotamia?
Explain two main factors that facilitated development of law in Mesopotamia. Advances in religious practices. Mesopotamians had many gods, most of who were connected to agriculture, e.g. Ninurta the god of floods. Compilation of cords of law to limit conflict in their civilization, e.g. Hamurabi‟s law.
Why did the Sumerians dig canals?
But the Sumerians skilfully dug canals to channel water from the two rivers to summer, boosted by the Shadoof or Bucket method of irrigation.
What are some farming implements?
Invention and use of farming implements like the ox-drawn plough and the seed-drill in place of digging sticks and stone hoes fastened with sticky earth onto a short wooden handle for tilling the land as well as baked clay sickles, baskets and pots in reaping and storing the harvest.
What were the main causes of the invention of the calendar?
Development in astronomy, arising from the need to predict rains, floods and eclipses, which led to the invention of the calendar. Development of law: Discovery and use of metals to make farm tools, which revolutionized agriculture. Bronze tools were made and used in Mesopotamia as early as 3000BC.
How many cities were there in Sumerian civilization?
The Sumerian civilization, which was thriving in Mesopotamia by around 3000 BC comprised twelve separate city states. Farming, fishing, crafts making and keeping of livestock were most practiced. The city states were surrounded with walls, outside of which were farming fields, on which the urban people depended.
How is reclamation used for agricultural purposes?
Reclamation of more land for agricultural purposes by skilfully draining and directing water through dykes, ditches and canals from swampy land to the dry land , making both cultivable.
Where did farming occur in Mesopotamia?
While talking about the sites where there was evidence of farming, we should not forget to mention places like Zawi Chemi Shanidar, Shanidar itself, Karim Shahir, Qal’at Jarmo, Jericho, Catalhuyuk and many others appearing to be locations where agricultural settlements occurred in the Ancient kingdom of Mesopotamia.
How did irrigation affect agriculture in Mesopotamia?
The use of irrigation made at the same good and harm to agricultural activity in Mesopotamia in a sense that there was fast and good food production, but the activity was becoming more and more complex because of salt accumulation due to irrigation. However, cultivation also had its own consequences both positive and negative.
Why was irrigation important in Mesopotamia?
Even though the Mesopotamian soil was fertile in a way that agriculture was very easy, there was a problem linked to the scarcity of rains. Nevertheless, they knew how to overcome the issue by the use of methods such as irrigation. In Fact, irrigation is the fact to bring additional water supply to a dry area in order to help crops growth. Certainly, the land consisted in its interior of wide rivers such as the Euphrates and the Tigris representing the most important ones from where water could be drawn to the cultivation’s fields and surrounded by Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Aral Sea, Arabian Sea and Caspian Sea also (“Ancient Mesopotamia”, Encarta). Mesopotamia was totally dependent on irrigation and its two big rivers because of the scarcity of rains and the article wrote and posted by Larry Mays on the site Water Encyclopedia says: “Irrigation was extremely vital to Mesopotamia (Mays, “Ancient Irrigation systems,” waterencyclopedia.com)”. The method of water flow control was first practiced in the two world’s first civilizations respectively Egypt and Mesopotamia. The application of the method needed a lot of physical work, correspondingly building. Activities such as building canals, ditches, tunnels, wide gaps where the water would come and stay and the maintenance of the infrastructures were constant in the area and it took them a lot of time to realize all this. Presently, according to waterencyclopedia.com, some abandoned canals and ditches still remain in the area but not intact, the farming activity of Mesopotamia started declining overtime caused by the accumulation of salt in the soil and in 1258, Mongols took over the empire and damaged the irrigation systems. By still dealing with Mays’ article on Water Encyclopedia, we got to know that the soil of the empire was full of silt, a major factor of soil fertility but constituted a continuous agent causing problems in the irrigation systems. Therefore, as there was not enough rainfall, the soil was kept its fertility because irrigation method could not wash a soil until removing its minerals components favoring good food production. Nevertheless, the Mesopotamian agricultural activity knew many problems such as flooding of water coming from the melting of snows in summer from the Turkish mountains according to the web page historylink.com and an unpredictable water flood from its two principle rivers respectively the Euphrates and Tigris according to the article of Louis and Jenifer posted on best.berkley.edu. However, irrigation carried many consequences on the farming activity in Mesopotamia. Irrigation maintained the fertility of soils because it did not deepen or sink the minerals as the way rainfall usually does. Minerals inside a soil are very important and help a fast and good food production at the end of an agricultural session. “The topsoil did not wash away as it does on sloping land, and minerals did not leach deep into the soil as they do under heavy rainfall. Hence, the fertility could be maintained indefinitely by the use of fairly simple soil-management practices (“Farming in Mesopotamia”)” said the web site historylink.com about the impacts of irrigation. Socially, the development of irrigation was helpful to citizens in a sense that it was a physical and intellectual work helping for additional knowledge and body welfare. A fertile soil combined with irrigation result to good and fast food production as we all know.
Why did the farming activity of Mesopotamia decline?
Presently, according to waterencyclopedia.com, some abandoned canals and ditches still remain in the area but not intact, the farming activity of Mesopotamia started declining overtime caused by the accumulation of salt in the soil and in 1258, Mongols took over the empire and damaged the irrigation systems.
Why was Mesopotamia dependent on irrigation?
Mesopotamia was totally dependent on irrigation and its two big rivers because of the scarcity of rains and the article wrote and posted by Larry Mays on the site Water Encyclopedia says: “Irrigation was extremely vital to Mesopotamia (Mays, “Ancient Irrigation systems,” waterencyclopedia.com)”. The method of water flow control was first practiced …
What seas did Mesopotamia have?
It consisted of two principal seas such as the Euphrates and the Tigris and was surrounded by many vast seas where they could draw water for additional supply. Despite the arid climate and scarcity of rains in Mesopotamia, they made use of irrigation as principal method to water their crops.
What was the first place where agriculture began?
The ancient kingdom possessed a very fertile soil favoring the development of cultivation’s activity. Precisely, as the ancient kingdom is located in the Middle East, it appears to be the first place where agriculture began in a general way.
What are some of the inventions that were made in Mesopotamia?
Mesopotamia inventions include concepts like writing, maps, sailboat, math, and time. Besides, it is characterized by the shifting succession of ruling bodies from various regions and cities that have taken control over hundreds of years.
What are some of the most important inventions of Mesopotamia?
Top Inventions and Discoveries of Mesopotamia 1 Top Inventions and Discoveries of Mesopotamia#N#Agriculture and Irrigation#N#Writing and Mathematic#N#Concept of Cartography, Astrology, and Astronomy#N#Chariot#N#Map#N#Metal fabrication#N#Concept of urbanization#N#Time#N#Board games#N#Soap#N#Law system 2 Conclusion
What were the main sources of irrigation in Mesopotamia?
Before the invention of the plow, Ancient Mesopotamian farmers used stone hoes to the plow the fields. The rivers Euphrates and Tigris, which gave rise to the name Mesopotamia, made it convenient and easy for irrigation.
What was the fertile crescent?
The Fertile Crescent in Mesopotamia. Under the harsh constraints of desert climate, ancient Mesopotamians developed systems and strategies that helped them develop the first known monarchy, empire, and city dominated by institutions led by provincial palaces and other elites.
What does the name Mesopotamia mean?
Conclusion. The root words ” Meso ” meaning ” in the middle or between ” and ” Patmos ,” meaning ” river ,” forms the name Mesopotamia. Therefore, the title describes the land, which is between rivers. Mesopotamia is home to modern-day Syria, Turkey, Kuwait, and Iraq.
What was the first work of engineering in ancient Mesopotamia?
The Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia did the world first works of engineering by building temples, city walls, and dug canals. Irrigation was essential to ancient Mesopotamians.
Why did conflict start in Mesopotamia?
That’s why conflict started. Crimes began due to the uncommon resource distribution among the people. To handle this situation, Mesopotamia people invented a system which they named as law system. This was the complete method of handling crimes and misunderstanding.
What did the Sumerians do in Mesopotamia?
In what the Greeks later called Mesopotamia, Sumerians invented new technologies and perfected the large-scale use of existing ones. In the process, they transformed how humans cultivated food, built dwellings, communicated and kept track of information and time.
What did the Sumerians use to make their pottery?
That forced them to make ingenious use of materials such as clay—the plastic of the ancient world. They used it to make everything from bricks to pottery to tablets for writing. But the Sumerians’ real genius may have been organizational.
How did the Sumerians collect and channel the overflow of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers?
The Sumerians figured out how to collect and channel the overflow of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers—and the rich silt that it contained—and then use it to water and fertilize their farm fields. They designed complex systems of canals, with dams constructed of reeds, palm trunks and mud whose gates could be opened or closed to regulate the flow of water.
What did the Sumerians do?
The Sumerians’ innovations gradually spread and led to the development of the modern technologically advanced world that we live in today. Here are some of the areas where the Sumerians left their mark.
Why did the Sumerians make bricks?
To make up for a shortage of stones and timber for building houses and temples, the Sumerians created molds for making bricks out of clay, according to Kramer. While they weren’t the first to use clay as a building material, “the innovation is the ability to produce bricks in large amounts, and put them together on a large scale,” Jones explains. Their buildings might not have been as durable as stone ones, but they were able to build more of them, and create larger cities.
What were the Sumerians’ civilizations?
Mass-Produced Bricks. Metallurgy. Mathematics. The ancient Sumerians, who flourished thousands of years ago between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in what today is southern Iraq, built a civilization that in some ways was the ancient equivalent of Silicon Valley.
What is the lion-headed eagle made of?
The lion-headed eagle made of copper, gold, and lapis lazuli by Sumerian civilization.
What were the main products of Mesopotamia?
The farmers of ancient Mesopotamia cultivated many foods and vegetables from an early age. The major products were wheat, cucumber, barley, and rice. Out of all these agricultural products, wheat and barley are considered to be the most important invention of its time and today.
What is the most significant invention in Mesopotamia?
Wheels: The most significant invention. Axle is oldest wooden wheel yet discovered dating to Copper Age. Creative Common Copyright: Petar Milošević. Wheels are one of the most significant inventions of Mesopotamia Civilization for being used to shape the clay pots by the potters as art crafts.
What is the name of the ancient civilization that was located between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers?
Mesopotamia civilization was a historical region with fertile land situated between Tigris and the Euphrates Rivers which is in modern-day Iraq and Kuwait. The word ‘Mesopotamia’ meaning ‘between two rivers in Greek. The civilization started fostering significant innovations and inventions since an early age which became the building block for …
Why were chariots invented?
During that period, there used to be issues of claiming lands. So, the chariots were developed to maintain a claim on their lands.
What is the most thoughtful invention?
The invention of wheels, out of all inventions, is taken as one of the most thoughtful inventions to date due to its importance. They were used by the wealthy groups for luxurious purposes as well as lower groups for irrigation, milling, and pottery making. 7. Astrology and Astronomy: Connection of fate and stars.
Why is curiosity important to civilization?
The curiosity and creativity made it possible for the people of this civilization to invent and develop such significant creations. They have been useful and reliable since the time of their invention until today.
What made it possible to harvest and invent the agricultural products used until today?
The fertile soil and steady supply of freshwater made it possible to harvest and invent the agricultural products used until today. Also, the curiosity and skilled mindset led to developing numerous other inventions which have a positive impact in today’s world as well.
The Origins of Agriculture
Geography of The Fertile Crescent
The Fertile Crescent is an ancient geographic region comprised of three primary geographic zones: 1. Mesopotamia, mostly located in modern-day Iraq, defined by the alluvial plain of the rivers Euphrates and Tigris 2. Upper Mesopotamia in the foothills of the Taurus and Zagros mountains in the north 3. The Levant, in modern-day Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, and Palestin…
The main types of grain that were used for agriculture were barley, wheat, millet, and emmer. Rye and oats were not yet known for agricultural use. In Babylonia, Assyria, and the Hittite lands, barley was the main grain for human use, primarily because it is reasonably salt-tolerant (an important consideration when irrigating crops in the summer heat). It was a widely-used form o…
Harvest & Storage
Harvest required significant manpower, as there was immense time pressure on completing the harvest before winter set in. Grain was cut with a sickle, dried in shacks, and threshed by driving animals over it to “tread out” the grain. After threshing, the grain was separated from the chaff by winnowing, which was only possible in windy weather. The grain was then either stored in granar…
Agriculture is the ratio main economic activity in ancient Mesopotamia. Operating under harsh constraints, notably the arid climate, the Mesopotamian farmers developed effective strategies that enabled them to support the development of the first states, the first cities, and then the first known empires, under the supervision of the institutions which dominated the economy: the royal and provincial palaces, the temples, and the domains of the elites. They focused above all on th…
Mesopotamia had been on the margin of developments in the Neolithic and the origins of agriculture and pastoralism took place in Mount Taurus, the Levant, and the Zagros, but it clearly participated in the second phase of major changes which took place in the Near East over the course of the 4th millennium BC, which are referred to as the ‘second agricultural revolution’ or the ‘revolution o…
While developing models to describe the early development of settled agriculture in the Near East, reconstructions of climate and vegetation are a subject of consideration. During the glacial period, it is thought that lower temperatures or higher aridity resulted in sparse or non-existent forest cover similar to steppe type terrain in the area of the Zagros Mountains and varying forest cover in the territories of modern-day Turkey and Syria. Northwest Syria, dominated in ancient times by decid…
Mesopotamian farmers did a number of things in order to augment the land’s potential and reduce its risks. The infrastructure that they created profoundly altered the land, particularly through the creation of irrigation networks in the south where the supply of water from the river was necessary for the growth of the crops. Thanks to textual sources it is partially possible to reconstruct the appearance of the Mesopotamian countryside and the different types of land ex…
Economic organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry
Reconstructing the organisation of the ancient economy from the surviving sources (mainly textual) faces numerous difficulties. Agricultural activity in ancient Mesopotamia is documented by tens of thousands of administrative documents, but they generally relate to a specific sector of the economy – the institutions of the royal palace and the temples, and, to a lesser degree, the private domains of the elites. It is their activities and initiatives which are the main source of info…
• Bottéro, J.; Kramer, S. N. (1989). Lorsque les Dieux faisaient l’Homme. Paris. ISBN 2070713822.
• Charpin, D. (2003). Hammu-rabi de Babylone. Paris. ISBN 2130539637.
• Englund, R. K. (1998). “Texts from the Late Uruk Period”. In J. Bauer, R. K. Englund & M. Krebernik (ed.). Mesopotamien, Späturuk-Zeit und Frühdynastische Zeit. Fribourg et Göttingen. pp. 15–233. ISBN 3-525-53797-2. | <urn:uuid:db7035f5-1645-4baa-91ab-0e8aa44c46a8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://agrifarmingtips.com/what-agricultural-innovations-came-from-mesopotamia/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00479.warc.gz | en | 0.960986 | 6,927 | 3.578125 | 4 |
12.3.3 Agriculture sector
Table 12.4 also summarizes the impact of different mitigation activities in agriculture sector on the constituents and determinants of sustainable development (see also Section 8.4.5 and Table 8.8). The table provides a description and tentative direction of impact but the exact magnitude of impact would depend upon the scale and intensity of the activities in the context where they are undertaken.
Several mitigation activities are explored in Chapter 8, ranging from crop, tillage/residue, nutrient, rice, water, manure/biosolid, grazing lands, organic soils, livestock and manure management practice, to land cover change, agro-forestry, land restoration, bioenergy, enhanced energy efficiency and increased carbon storage in agricultural products. It is shown that appropriate adoption of these mitigation measures is likely to help achieve social, economic and environmental goals, although sometimes trade-offs may also occur. Interesting enough, these trade-offs, when and if they occur, seem to be most visible in the short term, as in the long-term synergy amongst the aspects of sustainable development seems to be dominant.
An appropriate and optimal mix of rice cultivation with livestock known as integrated annual crop-animal system and traditionally found in West Africa, India and Indonesia and Vietnam would enhance the net income, improve the condition of cultivated ecosystems and over all human well being (MA, 2005). Such combinations of livestock and crop farming especially for rice would prove effective in income generation even in semi arid and arid areas of the world.
Ground water quality may be enhanced and the loss of biodiversity slowed by greater use of farmyard manure and more targeted pesticides. The impact on social and economic aspects of this mitigation measure remains uncertain. Better nutrient management can improve environmental sustainability.
Controlling overgrazing through pasture improvement has a favourable impact on livestock productivity (greater income from the same number of livestock) and slows/halts desertification (environmental aspect). It also provides social security to the poorest people during extreme events such as drought and other crisis (especially in Sub-Saharan Africa). One effective strategy to control overgrazing is the prohibition of free grazing, as was done in China (Rao, 1994).
This critical sector of the world economy is the biggest, user of the water. In low-income countries, agriculture uses almost 90% of the total extracted water (World Bank, 2000). Policies on free or very cheap energy (electricity, petroleum) as present is some areas for political reasons, contribute to misuse of water as the true economic cost inclusive of environmental and social costs are not reflected in the pricing and other incentive structures. Rationalization of electricity tariffs would aid in improving water allocation across users and over time. Through proper institutions and effective functioning of markets, water management can be operationalized with favourable impact on environmental and economic goals. In the short term, social cohesiveness might come under stress due to a clash of divergent interests.
Land cover and tillage management could encourage favourable impacts on environmental goals. A mix of horticulture with optimal crop rotations would promote carbon sequestration and could also improve agro-ecosystem function. Societal well-being would also be enhanced through provisioning of water and enhanced productivity. Whilst the environmental benefits of tillage/residue management are clear, other impacts are less certain. Land restoration will have positive environmental impacts, but conversion of floodplains and wetlands to agriculture could hamper ecological function (reduced water recharge, bioremediation, and nutrient cycling) and therefore, could have an adverse impact on sustainable development goals (Kumar, 2001).
Livestock management and manure management mitigation measures are context and location specific in there influence on sustainable development. Appropriate adoption of mitigation measures is likely to help achieve environmental goals, but farmers may incur additional costs, reducing their returns and income. | <urn:uuid:07e4f60f-b73d-4acf-b4b4-ad79c012b133> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg3/en/ch12s12-3-3.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281574.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00015-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.936469 | 790 | 3.484375 | 3 |
Flappy Bird became a worldwide phenomenon – more so when its creator Dong Nguyen pulled it out of various app stores. While he’s still mulling it’s return, the flapster is still very much alive in the hearts and minds of people all across the globe (and on their phones.)
An unusual way of immortalizing the awesomeness of Flappy Bird is this three-dimensional figure of the titular character that’s crafted from solid gold.
The gold Flappy Bird was created by Vietnam-based goldsmithing company N3D, who explain that they are created it in order to “honor this world changing bird and demonstrate the craftsmanship of Vietnamese people.” Makes sense, since Dong is Vietnamese.
Farther down the listing, N3D add that proceeds from the sale of the bird will be used “to support people with difficult situation in Vietnam.” That’s pretty vague, but at least it sounds like they have some good intentions.
You can check out the auction listing for the solid gold Flappy Bird here. | <urn:uuid:78bb1ce8-9707-42a9-a32a-49190504738a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://technabob.com/blog/2014/03/20/solid-gold-flappy-bird/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00509-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947334 | 227 | 1.507813 | 2 |
In 2010 teenagers were spending roughly 7 hours a day on some sort of media (both social and traditional media). Whether that be your phone checking out Insta, scrolling through your Facebook feed, watching TV (don’t lie, I know you’re watching “Married at First Sight”), listening to your iPod or reading the paper. If we’re being honest in 7 years that number has increased, we always have our phones with us, and even when we are studying or working Facebook is only one tab away.
About 75% of shows and other media contain sexual content – sex is used to sell everything from chocolate to rental cars. Even though sex is everywhere only 6% of TV shows have healthy messages about sex (like consent!). So what does that mean for how we view sex and ourselves? Media and advertising rely on us tapping into stereotypes about sex and gender that tell us how we should look and act. If we don’t fit that mould we can be made to feel bad or like there’s something wrong with us.
BUT WAIT! There are ways to figure out if what you’re seeing is real, and how to decide if you should listen to it. If you’re stuck, ask yourself these questions.
- Is the person acting in the show/ad being paid?
If the answer is yes, they’re taking an angle. It’s not a coincidence that a young flawless looking model in white underwear is selling you a face wash. Advertisers and TV shows decide who to target with their product and then do everything they can to appeal to you and make you buy their product. They will often use stereotypical ideas of what’s ‘sexy’ promote their products, but that doesn’t mean what you see is real.
The same is true for porn. What you watch may look fun and dramatic, but it’s important to realise that porn is a multi-billion-dollar industry. The people you see are professional actors, it’s their job to sell you a product. Sex in real life may not always be as passionate and dramatic, but that doesn’t mean it can’t be fun.
- Do they put you in a box?
Do they tell you that because of how you look or who you are that you should behave in a certain way? For example, lots of movies or TV shows encourage teens to “pop your cherry” (meaning have intercourse for the first time). The problem is, what if you don’t want to have intercourse? Or if you and your partner/s don’t have a penis or vagina? Does that mean unless you and your partner have male and female genitals that you can’t have ‘sex’? Does oral and anal sex still count as sex then? Ah… so many questions, popular media often doesn’t cover the diverse ways people can enjoy sex. Really there is no set way that you should be behaving, as long as everything is safe and consensual it should be up to those involved to decide what and how they have sex.
- Do they tell you that you NEED to buy something?
We’ve all been in that awkward situation, you’re in the car with your parents and one of those erectile dysfunction ads comes on, and you just pretend like you can’t hear anything, avoid eye contact and hope by some chance they can’t hear it. Other than just being awkward these ads can also give people unrealistic expectations about sex. These ads also use language like “keep her happy” or “fix your relationship” which makes you that whether or not you enjoy or even have sex depends on a guy having an erection. Which again, is 100% dependent of the people involved.
There are a lot more questions you could ask to figure out how media can shape what you think of sex and sexuality, but this is a good start. You can still enjoy watching your favourite shows and youtubers, the main point is be critical of what you see. | <urn:uuid:a770a343-451f-49f1-aea4-44fc2cf9071a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://theyepproject.org.au/blog/yep-volunteer-blog-post-julia-morgan-its-a-lie-what-you-see-on-tv-isnt-real-sex/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.959197 | 855 | 1.992188 | 2 |
Men are obligated to get drunk [on wine] on Purim to the point they cannot differ between “blessed is Mordechai and cursed is Haman”. [This is included within the Mitzvah of Seudas Purim.] Others however rule there is no need to drink alcohol to this point, and it rather suffices to drink slightly more than the norm and then sleep. Whichever opinion one decides to follow, whether he drinks more or drinks less, his intentions are to be for the sake of heaven. One who estimates that his getting drunk will lead him to frivol behavior, or to transgress Mitzvos, he is not drink to this point. [Practically the Rebbe stated that those that are able to be cautious and fulfill the Mitzvah in its literal sense are to do so, and not rely on the allowance of sleep.]
The meaning behind not knowing the difference between Haman and Mordechai:
Many explanations have been given on this matter:
- Some explain one is to drink to the point that one cannot differ which kindness from G-d is greater; the fact that he blessed Mordechai or the fact he killed Haman.
- Some explain it means one is to drink to the point that he cannot calculate the numerical value of the two statements. As Baruch Mordechai and Arur Haman are the same numerical value of 502, and thus when one can no longer calculate this matter he has fulfilled his obligation of drinking.
- Some explain this means that one is to drink to the point that he forgets the order of “Baruch Mordechai and Arur Haman”. Meaning he forgets which statement precedes the other.
- Some explain that in the times of the Sages of the Gemara there was a custom to have a chorus with the words Baruch Mordechai and Arur Haman, each person having their part in the chorus. Thus, one was required to drink to the point that he forgot his part in the chorus.
- Based on Kabala one is to drink to the point that he actually says Baruch Haman instead of Arur Haman.
- Some have a tradition that one is meant to get drunk close to the point of not knowing the difference between “Arur Haman” and “Baruch Mordechai”, but not actually until this point.
Summary of the Purim Seuda:
- It is a Mitzvah to eat a lavish and festive meal on Purim. This Mitzvah is a Biblical command, as rejoicing on Purim is from the words of Scripture which has the same power as the words of Torah. One fulfills his obligation through eating even a single meal on Purim day.
- When? It is an obligation to eat one festive meal on Purim during daytime. One does not fulfill his obligation with a meal eaten the previous night, and certainly not with a meal eaten on Motzei Purim. Customarily, it is eaten after an early Mincha. One is to beware to eat the majority of the meal while it is still day.
- Learning prior to meal: Prior to commencing the meal, one should learn words of Torah, as this protects him from any damage occurring to him during the meal. [It is proper to learn Mishnayos from Tractate Shekalim before the meal, and Tractate Megila after the meal.]
- The menu: It is a Mitzvah to have delicacies and festive foods eaten during this meal. It is best to wash on bread for this meal. It is a proper custom to bake bread on Erev Purim so one have fresh bread available, just like is the custom on Erev Shabbos. It is disputed whether it is an obligation for one to eat [animal] meat during the Purim meal however according to all it is a Mitzvah to do so. One is to eat grains and legumes, in commemoration of the Zaronim which Daniel ate in Bavel. It is customary to eat a triangular shaped pastry filling called Haman-Tashen. One is to gather his family and friends for the Purim Seuda as it is not possible to rejoice alone.
- Getting drunk: Men are obligated to get drunk [on wine] on Purim to the point they cannot differ between “blessed is Mordechai and cursed is Haman”. Some rule there is no need to drink alcohol to this point, and it rather suffices to drink slightly more than the norm and then sleep. Whichever opinion one decides to follow, whether he drinks more or drinks less, his intentions are to be for the sake of heaven. In some Sichos the Rebbe applied the decree to Purim as well. In other Sichos the Rebbe said the decree does not apply to Purim. After a thorough analysis of each source it seems the Rebbe’s opinion leans to apply the decree to Purim as well. [Practically each person is to seek advice with his Asei Lecha Rav, and whichever one does he should do so for the sake of heaven.]
- The Mitzvah of drinking wine is to be fulfilled during the day, by the Purim meal. Seemingly one is to reach this state prior to sunset, as is the time frame of fulfillment for all of the Mitzvos on Purim. One fulfills his obligation with any form of alcohol. Nevertheless it is best to get drunk on wine, as the main miracles of Purim took place through wine.
- Birchas Hamazon: In the grace after meals one adds Al Hanissim. If the meal extended into the night one is to nevertheless recite Al Hanisim in his Bentching. If one Davened Maariv prior to Bentching he no longer says Al Hanissim in Bentching. [Thus one is to avoid Davening Maariv prior to Bentching in order so he be able to Al Hanissim.] If one forgot to say Al Hanissim and has finished Bentching he has nevertheless fulfilled his obligation and does not need to repeat Birchas Hamazon. If he remembered before reciting Hashem’s name in the blessing of “Al Haaretz Veal Hamazon” then he is to go back to Al Hanissim. If however one has already recited Hashem’s name, then if one has not yet concluded Birchas Hamazon, he is to recite “Harachaman Hu Yaaseh Lanu Nissim Viniflaos Kemo Sheasa Laavoseinu Bayamim Haheim Bezman…Bimeiy Mordechai”, in the orders of Harachmans which are recited.
- May one Daven Maariv or Bentch if he is drunk? One may say all blessings even if he is very drunk to the point he cannot speak before a king. Initially one is to recite Birchas Hamazon prior to becoming drunk to the point one cannot speak before a King. If one did not do so, then [if he became satiated from the meal] he is to bentch even in a very drunk state. It is only forbidden to Daven under the influence of alcohol if: One drank to the point he cannot walk straight or feels extremely under the influence. If one consumed more than a Revius and feels slightly tipsy then he must Daven within a Siddur.
Michaber 695/2; Megillah 7b
The Gra is quoted to say one is obligated to fulfill this command up to the point that he is near death. This can be learned from the story brought in the Gemara Megillah 7b, directly after mentioning the obligation of drinking wine that Rava drank to the point that he slaughtered Rebbe Zeira by his Purim feast and later revived him after the meal. The Yaavetz [in his Siddur] testifies that his father the Chacham Tzevi would fulfill this Mitzvah in the literal sense.
Other Opinions: Some Poskim rule it is not an obligation to become drunk on Purim but it is a Mitzvah to do so. [Hagahos Maimanis Megillah chapter 2 brought in Darkei Moshe 695/1; Teshuvos Mahril 56; Nemukei Yosef Megillah 7; Olas Shabbos 695/1; Elya Raba 695/1; M”B Biur Halacha 695 “Chayav Inish”]
See Q&A
Michaber 695/2
The reason: The reason for this obligation is because all the miracles of Purim took place through wine. Vashti was killed due to a decision made by Achashveirosh while he was in a drunken state. Haman was killed through a feast which included wine. [Elya Raba 695/1 brought in Biur Halacha “Chayav”]
Implication of order of Halachas in Shulchan Aruch; Rambam 2/15 “How does one fulfill the Mitzvah of this meal? Eat meat and drink wine until you become drunk..”; Likkutei Sichos 7/20 “The law of Ad Delo Yada is a law within the manner of how the Purim meal is to be fulfilled.”
Kol Bo; Mahril brought in Rama ibid; Beis Yosef in name of Ran, in name of Rabbeinu Efraim; The Rambam [Megillah 2/15] rules “one is to drink wine until he falls asleep”; The Taz 695/2 explains that this opinion rules that the Gemara ibid in its conclusion negates the requirement of becoming drunk. This is proven from the fact that directly after bringing this requirement, the Gemara brings a terrible tragic story of how a result of this drinking Rav Zeira was killed and needed to be revived. This shows that in the Gemara’s conclusion they held it is not a positive matter to follow. [Taz ibid in name of Ran ibid]
Upon sleeping one comes to a state that he does not know the difference between cursed is Haman and blessed is Mordechai. [Rama ibid]
The Peri Megadim rules it is best to follow this latter opinion of slightly drinking and then sleeping, and not becoming completely drunk. [M”B 695/5] The Munkatcher in Nemukei Orach Chaim [695/4] states the custom is to follow the opinion of the Rama and drink slightly more than usual and then go to sleep. In Sichas Shushan Purim 1954 the Rebbe stated: How do we know Mordechai was a Chassid? As he instituted drinking Ad Delo Yada. Now, how would he have established such a custom if he was not a Chassid? However in order for the Olamishers to also have ability to fulfill the law, there is an opinion which allows you to fulfill the obligation through sleeping. [Toras Menachem 11 p. 146]
Rama ibid
The reason: The purpose of drinking is so one reach a higher state in service of G-d and arouse one’s love for G-d. One is certainly not to drink for purposes of frivolity and simply having a good time. The obligation was certainly not referring to such an experience. [Meiri brought in Biur Halacha “Ad Delo Yada”]
Such as Birchas Hamazon, washing for bread , Davening Mincha or Maariv. [ibid]
Chayeh Adam 155/30 brought in Biur Halacha “Ad Deo Yada”; Shaareiy Teshuvah 695/2 in name of Amudei Shamayim that the Chacham Tzevi would not drink in his later years to the point of being drunk due to it damaging his health, and the same applies if one feels it will damage him spiritually.
Hisvadyus 1989 2/454: “Those that fulfill this Mitzvah without compromise, without looking for Heterim, are greatly praised and their merit is great. May many people see and follow this example.” See Toras Menachem 11 p. 146 brought in previous footnotes. See also Otzer Minhagei Chabad 211 for various instances that the Rebbe was particular that people fulfill the Mitzvah in its literal sense.
See Kaf Hachaim 695/16
Taz 695/1 brought in M”B 695/4
M”A 695/1; Aguda on Megillah, brought in Kaf Hachaim 695/16; See Likkutei Sichos 7/20
Kneses Hagedola 695
Darkei Moshe, brought in Kaf Hachaim 695/16
Shaar Hakavanos Drush Purim
The reason: This is because there is a spark of Kedusha which enlivens all Kelipa and when one reaches a state of above intellect, Ad Delo Yada, he is able to bless the evil in a way that it will become engulfed with Kedusha, and the holy spark within it will become refined. If however one blesses Haman before he becomes drunk then he gives the Kelipos even more life. [Shaar Hakavanos ibid]
Yad Efraim of Rav Margolis | <urn:uuid:b668a89c-2336-4c6c-8626-572757120297> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://shulchanaruchharav.com/drinking-ad-delo-yada-the-obligation-and-meaning/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.963827 | 2,991 | 2.59375 | 3 |
St. Lawrence faculty, alumni and students presented research results at the 2010 Annual Meeting of the Geological Society of America, held October 31 through November 3 in Denver. Approximately 6,000 scientists attended the event.
The following posters were presented:
- New, Rare Echinoid Records From the Pierre-Fox Hills Transition (Late Cretaceous: Campanian-Maastrichtian) in the Williston Basin - Benjamin Rendall '11, Chapin Professor of Geology J. Mark Erickson and John Hoganson, North Dakota Geological Survey
- Calcareous Algae of the Late Ordovician Red River Formation and Their Biostratigraphic Significance - Benjamin Rendall '11 and Assistant Professor of Geology Antun Husinec
- Facies and Depositional Environments of the Upper Ordovician Red River "C" Interval, Western North Dakota - Kyle Marvinney '11, Assistant Professor of Geology Antun Husinec and Katie Hoskinson '11
- Soldier-Geologist Hybrid: Part of an Innovative U.S. Army Counterinsurgency Method in Afghanistan - Assistant Professor of Geology Alexander Stewart
- An Investigation of Stream Chemistry Variability in Watersheds of Central St. Lawrence County, New York - John T. Murphy Jr. '11 and Professor of Geology Jeffrey Chiarenzelli '81
- Rafinesquina Alternata as a Photosymbiont Host: Shedding New Light on Old Questions - Hannah Cowan '11 and Chapin Professor of Geology J. Mark Erickson
- ND TDM Model Ages of Upper and Middle Devonian and Shales of Western and Central New York - Wendell Caesar '11, David Mosher '10, John T. Murphy Jr. '11 and Professor of Geology Jeffrey
- Microfacies and Porosity of the Late Ordovician Red River A and B Intervals in Central North Dakota - James Colony '11 and Assistant Professor of Geology Antun Husinec
- Carbon Chemostratigraphy and Depositional Sequences of the Late Ordovician Katian Red River Formation, North Dakota - Assistant Professor of Geology Antun Husinec, James Colony '11, Katie Hoskinson '11, Kyle Marvinney '11 and Benjamin Rendall '11
- Analysis of Carbonate-Evaporite Facies and Depositional Environments in the "B" Interval of the Upper Ordovician Red River Formation, Williston Basin, North Dakota - Katie Hoskinson '11, Kyle Marvinney '11 and Assistant Professor of Geology Antun Husinec
- Late Maastrichtian Palynomorphs From the Linton Member of the Fox Hills Formation in South-Central North Dakota - Chapin Professor of Geology J. Mark Erickson, Tim Kroeger of the Center for Environmental, Earth & Space Studies at Bemidji State University and John Hoganson, North Dakota Geological Survey
Husinec also gave a presentation titled "Bioturbated-Carbonate-Capped Parasequences: A Key to Short-Term Climate/Sea Level Change on Carbonate Platforms Controlled by Climate and Plant and Animal Bioturbation."
More: Geology Department Web site
Posted: November 5, 2010 | <urn:uuid:8b3a6967-aa44-4296-ba3d-b2e84e83e670> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://mailto:jpomainville@stlawu.edu/netnews/geosocietyfall10.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720000.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00024-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.833727 | 678 | 1.9375 | 2 |
Buying vs renting- excel-based calculator
“Why have you not yet taken a housing loan? Its high time that you go for one. Interest rates are low, economy is growing and you are anyways nearing 40s. Banks may not extend you a 20 year housing loan once you are 40.” said X. “I fail to comprehend multiple variables at play in deciding whether to buy a house today or continue to stay on rent.” said Y. “Also all my friends have gone for a housing loan and market prices of their property is up by 30-35% within 3 years. Will I ever afford to own a house if I delay my decision?”
Deciding to own a house today or later is a critical decision atleast for the employed with limited savings. Multiple factors from current income, expected growth in income, GDP growth rate of the country residing in, interest rates, real estate prices, rentals etc. all impact the decision. With an intention to help partially address the dilemma quantitatively a excel based tool has been developed. No ways is the template a comprehensive or conclusive. In fact its users should consider this as a guiding tool in making a decision. Also its a version 1. Version 2 can be developed post feedback from its users.
Guidelines to use the tool:
a) Country of residence does not matter. However, residential property to be owned should be in the same country where currently residing b) Tool helps you quantify the trade-off between owning a housing taking a housing loan or continue to stay on rent. c) Results are indicative and may not be accurate. d) Readers are advised to use it at their own discretion
The link to download the calculator is here: Housing loan vs rent calculator | <urn:uuid:9f7985a3-cb2c-4247-99b8-33c8b2523c12> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.jaspalslife.com/post/buying-vs-renting-excel-based-calculator | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.962846 | 360 | 1.765625 | 2 |
A few weeks ago, Toyota announced it was bringing a breakthrough battery technology to market: the bipolar nickel-metal hydride battery in the Japanese-market Toyota Aqua (a relative of the Prius C we used to get). It’s worth mentioning, because even though Toyota spent a lot of time in a recent presentation outlining its solid-state battery investments—which we’ll cover in a second—the historically conservative automaker is hedging its bets, looking for incremental improvements, and investing heavily in older technology as well. After all, nickel-metal hydride isn’t state-of-the-art like solid-state batteries are, but the bipolar battery shows that it’s worthwhile to invest in proven, economical alternatives to the next greatest thing.
That’s not to say the actual meat of the news here about solid-state batteries isn’t worthwhile, it just puts it in the context of the broader Toyota battery development program. Toyota announced a $13.6 billion investment in battery technology (including, but not limited to, solid-state batteries), spread out between research and development and production equipment. After all, Toyota has a long-standing policy of keeping battery development and production in-house (though utilizing partners like Panasonic), and its solid-state battery tech is no exception.
If you need a refresher on why the solid-state battery is so important—potentially a game-changer in the EV space—you can read this primer. But there are kinks to iron out. The solid electrolyte material surrounding the battery cells has, in Toyota’s testing regime, developed gaps that affect battery performance and service life when utilized in battery electric vehicles (BEVs). That’s why, at least initially, Toyota will implement the tech in hybrids (HEVs), where the issue is less of a concern, while simultaneously developing it further for BEVs down the road.
The batteries are on some roads now, actually, engaged in real-world testing. Toyota has whipped up a solid-state battery-equipped version of its LQ Concept, which it’s registered for street use in Japan. Presumably, it’s one of several mules running around gathering information about solid-state battery tech.
Toyota has a number of BEVs in the works, promising 10 “new lines” of these vehicles by 2025 and a further 10 per year, totalling 70 lines of BEVs, through 2030. It will spend the vast majority of its battery spend to support this buildout of a BEV lineup. Total production capacity is intended to be flexible, able to accommodate 200 GWh if needed.
Toyota hopes all its BEVs will benefit from its various battery strategies as it attempts to use advanced lithium-ion and solid-state tech to increase efficiency by 30 percent, using that improved efficiency to reduce battery costs by the same amount in the near future. The company is hoping that further advancements increase the efficiency and reduction in cost by 50 percent by the second half of the 2020s (this could be crucially important for introducing lower-cost, mass-market BEVs).
But Toyota, as always, is hedging its bets. While the BEV investment is massive, Toyota still envisions most of its global fleet to be HEVs by 2030, with around one-third of that fleet being BEVs/FCEVs and a much smaller slice being PHEVs. What the mix will be in individual markets isn’t clear, but you may imagine that China and Europe will offer more BEVs, while emerging markets will get a heavier HEV mix. What proportion of total production will be electrified versus traditional internal combustion engine-powered isn’t clear.
And Toyota still clearly believes in its HEV strategy overall, despite its recent (and arguably belated) BEV push. It claims that the 18.1 million HEVs it has sold globally since the original Prius debuted have the same overall carbon dioxide reduction impact as 5.5 million EVs, all the while using the battery components necessary to build 260,000 BEVs. That is to say, using these small batteries smartly has an outsized impact. But Toyota is no impartial observer, and perhaps the company’s turn to BEVs is telling.
We’re going to see the fruits of the strategy in the production 2023 Toyota bZ4X, a battery electric SUV that rides on the company’s e-TNGA platform and is the first of 15 BEVs that Toyota has promised to have on the market by 2025.
Source: Read Full Article | <urn:uuid:1d83bd30-dfe3-434e-a7f9-1e421787b117> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://automotobuzz.com/car-reviews/toyota-outlines-solid-state-battery-tech-13-6-billion-investment/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.94134 | 953 | 1.75 | 2 |
With little to his name and no family, Burwell Jackson Moore, born near Danville, Virginia in 1846, decided to join in the war effort. He enlisted in Northampton County, North Carolina on January 6, 1863 as a Private in Company A, 5th NC Cavalry (63rd NC State Troops) at age 16. His company saw little action until participating in the Pennsylvania campaign and the 3 day battle of Gettysburg. Following the army’s retreat south from Gettysburg, Burwell was captured at Hagerstown, Maryland on July 12, 1863 and was confined at Point Lookout, Maryland. He would stay in prison until being paroled and exchanged at City Point, Virginia on March 6, 1864.
Upon his release, against his parole orders, he immediately rejoined the company and was present and accounted for through the Spring of ’65. He was wounded in his left leg in action at Chamberlain Run, Virginia on March 31, 1865 and was admitted to the hospital in Danville on April 3, 1865. He was given furlough for 30 days on April 8, 1865, one day before Lee surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia. Burwell therefore never took the Oath of Allegiance and always boasted that he was still a Confederate and would die one, and so he did in 1906 in the Snow Creek township of Iredell County, North Carolina. | <urn:uuid:ea8eceab-4e97-419a-9825-fbab666722c6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nccivilwarcenter.org/burwell-jackson-moore-lifelong-confederate/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.986883 | 290 | 2.5625 | 3 |
"Just focus on Microsoft Corporation, After reviewing the 10K or Annual report filing for 2010 for ONLY Microsoft, respond to Questions 1 through 6. It is useful to compare financial ratios for a company with financial ratios of its industry. Industry financial ratios can be found on Morningstar.com, Yahoo Finance and MSN Money. 1) What 3 items of important information does the income statement reveal about the financial performance of the company over the last three years? Please provide Balance work sheet for the last three years. 2) What 3 items of important information does the balance sheet reveal about the financial position of the company over the last two years? Please provide Balance work sheet for the last two years. 3) Can you identify the major sources of funding used by the company from the information presented in the company's annual report? If not, how could you get this information? 4) Who is responsible for: a) the issuance, and b) the content of the company financial statements? 5) What assurance, if any, is there that the financial statements are in compliance with GAAP, and are free of material misstatements? 6) Of what use, if any, are the notes to the financial statements? Why would a company like Microsoft use slightly higher debt financing as opposed to equity? What is the advantage of doing that? What are some of the measures Microsoft uses to manage operating expenses? Did Microsoft use debt or equity financing? Explain. Why should Microsoft provide notes to its financial statements? Please provide Balance worksheet, income statement, and cash flow when you answer the questions Dear tutor, Sorry for the llast minute but I cant changed the deadline to 11:00PM atnight. Because I dont have enough time to review the answers and complete my other assignment. Cna you please help me to answer the quetsion by 6PM Today instead bc I have another assignment to complete and I'm working on it. I have to complete everything by 7PM thats why.Didnt have money thats why I asked the price for $15. I need this assignmen to be completed. Please Please help me. I submitted to you wrong company bc I was confused about the assignment.Now its clear. Please help. If its about the price I changed I was be able to borrow money. for the first i'm increasing the price for you to $40. ",Thanks for your help. Please let me know ASAP.,Thanks a lot for your help & understanding my situation. I really apprciated. Thanks again,,Just incase if you finished before the deadline please let me know. Regards,,Dear Tutor, Thanks a lot!!!,Actually the assignment should be year 2010, 2009, and 2008 fro income statement. balance worksheet, and cash flow. Can you be able to take out 2011 and provide 2008. please let me know if you can do that for me. Thanks!!,Its ok. You dont need to do some extra work. Everything looks great. Thanks!!!,.Thanks for your help!!!
Paper#5303 | Written in 18-Jul-2015Price : $25 | <urn:uuid:931bc606-4899-4f7d-962a-c35686dfc344> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://studentsmerit.com/paper-detail/?paper_id=5303 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719273.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00064-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.940269 | 628 | 1.875 | 2 |
I posted way back on Mon Sep 28, 2009 2:04 pm a post called "Variable Surface Curvature. Would you welcome the concept?"
I couldn't remember my password and its taken a long time to eventually get back in here. I used to be Bobhexa.....after re-registration I am now Bobhexa1. I was having talks with Skycannon and G.K.W. The posts have been dug up I guess.
Well a lot has happened since then and I now have working prototypes on a new toy which is designed to intergrate with Lego especially in the robotic department. I am about to send Lego an unsolicited proposal.
My original post was this:
Imagine being able to make variable surface curvatures such as spheres, tubes, torus/doughnuts, terraced planes and dish structures etc out of only two simple components. One component is a flat hexagonal plate and the other is a flat rectangular or square plate
The secret is, is that the hexagonal plates have hinges on all their six edges and the squares only need hinges at the edges of two opposed ends. The two parts then click into one another allowing them to hinge.
Basically by joining, two parallel planes of hexagons together, in a particular pattern, using the vertically orientated squares as the walls you will have a Flexible Space Matrix
The hex plates would have lego buttons moulded into their surface area. By the addition of clickability into the hinge design, you can build a surface area which could be incrementally morphed from one curvature into another.
You could fashion this Lego-like framework into the geographical details of a famous battle scene or whatever you chose.
What themes would you like to make? [surprise]
The question is though: Would you welcome such a concept?? Is this not too radical for orthogonality to accept????? [wink]
I have photos but unable to upload.
I'm sorry to hear that the Forum is suffering from fading membership. A look at the log-in procedures for returning members might be helpful.In the FAQ's I'm advised to hit the "forgot my password" button. I could not find one. | <urn:uuid:617122d2-2826-4a51-8b8b-f1106232fd77> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.classic-space.com/forum/viewtopic.php?p=4557 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00038-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958596 | 456 | 1.835938 | 2 |
TOKYO -- Sunday's vote was held in the shadows of Shinzo Abe's assassination. Party leaders were careful not to mix with the crowds, and instead spoke out about democracy and freedom of speech from the campaign day before.
Exit polls for Abe's party in the election for parliament's upper chamber showed Abe's party certain to win a major victory. This could be due to what is being seen as a wave sympathy votes in a country still reeling after Friday's brazen shooting.
Police in Japan also sent the assassin to an office of local prosecutors for further investigation. Top regional police officials acknowledged security flaws that allowed the attacker so close to the former Japanese leader and fired a bullet.
Exit polls conducted by NHK public broadcaster, and other media, showed that the Liberal Democratic Party, which is the ruling party, was certain to win a single majority (125 seats), or half the upper house, which is the weaker of the two chambers. This is a significant boost for Prime Minister Fumio Kishhida, who will continue to lead the country until a 2025 election.
Sunday's election took on a new meaning in the wake Abe's assassination. All political leaders stressed the importance of free speech, and pledged not to stop violence against democracy.
Also, security was stepped up. Party leaders did not engage in fist-bumps on Saturday's final day of campaigning. This COVID-19 alternative to handshakes was used by party leaders to avoid any close-proximity friendly gestures.
As party officials prepare to count votes inside, mourners visited the LDP headquarters in order to offer flowers and prayers for Abe.
Kishida stated that violence should not be used to silence free speech in his last rally in Niigata, the northern city. "We must show that democracy and elections will not tolerate violence," he said.
Abe was shot in Nara, Japan on Friday. He was airlifted to hospital but succumbed to blood loss. A former member of Japan’s navy was arrested by police on the spot and a homemade pistol confiscated. His apartment was later home to several others.
Abe's corpse was taken by Akie in a black hearse, accompanied by Akie's wife. He returned to Shibuya, Tokyo's most prestigious neighborhood, where many mourners paid their respects, including Prime Minister Fumio Kishhida and other top officials of the party. In the coming days, his wake and funeral will be held.
On Saturday, Nara's prefectural police chief Tomoaki Onizuka said Abe's assassination was his "greatest regret" during his 27-year career. He stated that security problems were not in doubt and that he was taking the incident seriously. He will also review security procedures.
Japan is well-known for its strict gun laws. According to the most recent government crime paper, there were only 21 gun-related criminal charges in Japan in 2020. Experts warn that recent attacks were involving gasoline and other consumer goods, which could increase the risk of ordinary citizens being involved in mass attacks.
Abe, who was the LDP's largest faction leader and still a powerful figure in the party even after his resignation as prime minister in 2020. Experts believe that his absence could alter the power balance of the ruling party, which has virtually ruled Japan postwar since 1955's foundation.
"This could prove to be a turning point for the LDP" over its divisive policies regarding gender equality, same-sex maritals, and other issues Abe-backed ultraconservatives with paternalistic values had resisted, stated Mitsuru Fukuda at Nihon University, a crisis management professor.
Because Abe has already made fundamental changes, Japan's current security and diplomatic stance will not change. Many saw him as a divisive figure because of his ultra-nationalist views, pragmatic policies, and even in China.
Abe quit two years ago, blaming the recurrence and severity of his ulcerative colitis. He admitted that he regretted not completing many of his goals, including the Japanese abduction by North Korea years ago, a territorial dispute between Russia and Japan, and a revision to Japan's war-renouncing Constitution, which many conservatives consider humiliating.
Abe was raised to follow the example of his grandfather, Nobusukekishi, who was also the former Prime Minister. His political rhetoric was often about making Japan a normal and beautiful nation, with a stronger military and security alliance with America and a bigger role in international affairs.
At 52 years old, he became Japan's youngest prime minster in 2006. His overly nationalistic first tenure ended abruptly in 2006, due to his health. He then began six years of leadership changes.
In 2012, he returned to power, promising to revive the country and lift its economy from its current deflationary slump. His "Abenomics" formula of fiscal stimulus, monetary ease, and structural reforms, was his promise to do just that. He won six national elections, and he held a firm grip on power. | <urn:uuid:9704f683-a6a3-45ff-ae40-1aaf4592fb08> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.indonewyork.com/breaking/japan-votes-in-crucial-election-under-the-shadow-of-abe-assassination-h39048.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571502.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811194507-20220811224507-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.984835 | 1,029 | 1.5 | 2 |
I want to implement an IPS. What are the top best practices that I should follow?
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Implementing an intrusion prevention system can be a tricky proposition. While these devices are quickly becoming integral parts of the security infrastructure in many enterprises, rolling one out for the first time can be an intimidating experience. You're not only creating a potential bottleneck and failure point in your network path, but you're also adding a device that has the ability to intentionally disrupt traffic. That's enough to make any network engineer cringe!
Here are some best practices for deploying an IPS in your enterprise:
- Run the IPS in "monitor" mode until it's clear that the system is properly tuned. Configured this way, it's acting more like an intrusion detection system (IDS), identifying potential problems but not blocking the flow of network traffic.
- Keep the number of "block" mode rules to a small, finely tuned set to reduce the possibility of false positive blocks.
- Consider using a fail-open device to limit the effect of a device failure on your network. In the event of an IPS failure, this allows all traffic to continue uninterrupted. While it's a less-secure configuration, it keeps the network up and running, which is something the network infrastructure team will no doubt appreciate.
For more on this topic, read my tip: Network intrusion prevention systems: Should enterprises deploy now?
Dig Deeper on Network Intrusion Prevention (IPS)
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Get answers from a TechTarget expert on whatever's puzzling you. | <urn:uuid:c46a404d-ec0f-406d-867e-fd55d79a81e3> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/answer/What-are-the-best-practices-for-IPS-implementation | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719646.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00127-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.927642 | 452 | 1.8125 | 2 |
There was once a time when ladders, a bucket and a sponge were the only available tools around for window cleaning, while a head for heights was an essential requirement.
But now, thanks to the ingenuity of its creators in Denmark, wash technology has transformed the art of cleaning and found a solution for all those hard-to-reach places.
Like all the best inventions, it’s a simple solution for a common problem, consisting of a lightweight carbon pole, micro-fibre pad and a waist band which take the strain off the user.
The new wash technology completely eradicates the need for detergent, which is not only better for the environment, but also for cleaning and maintenance budgets.
Instead of using chemicals, the system removes dirt and minerals from glass surfaces with jets of pure, ionised water, meaning there are no harmful bi-products.
The powerful, ecological nature of the system’s jets are designed to minimise the use of water per surface clean.
This type of window cleaning system leaves minimal water at ground level, making it a safe method for cleaning indoors, especially in busy areas of buildings with heavy footfall such as reception areas, hotel entrances and shopping centres.
Perhaps its best asset, however, is the fact that it can be operated entirely from ground level.
Not only does this mean people with a fear of heights can no longer shirk their window cleaning duties, but also makes health and safety less of a concern for businesses when cleaning is involved.
Get in touch to learn more about our sustainable window cleaning method in which maximum brush pressure can be applied and you’re guaranteed a scratch-free, shiny surface, [email@example.com] or [01325 353700]. | <urn:uuid:efef3fbc-32e3-43ba-9ddd-ee56f1cfc16a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mjfgroup.uk/window-cleaning-the-pure-sustainable-way/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.952126 | 363 | 1.882813 | 2 |
Here are the best surfer exercises you can do to improve your fitness and endurance.
- Chin-ups. Getting up on a surfboard and keeping your balance has more to do with your upper body than you might think.
- Front squats.
- Running exercises.
- Mobility drills.
- Dumbbell drills.
- Surfing requires a high degree of balance, but most rides aren’t long enough to have a dramatic training effect on your balance. Stand on a balance board and do a variety of squats and lunges. If you don’t have a balance board, stand on one foot with your eyes closed. Try to stay balanced for 30 seconds or more.
- 1 How do you build strength in surfing?
- 2 How do I get in shape to learn to surf?
- 3 How do surfers stay fit?
- 4 How do you get a surfer body girl?
- 5 What muscles do you need for surfing?
- 6 What fitness level do you need to surf?
- 7 Is running good for surfers?
- 8 Are burpees good for surfing?
- 9 Do surfers lift weights?
- 10 Does surfing get you ripped?
- 11 Do you need to be skinny to surf?
- 12 Does surfing build shoulder?
How do you build strength in surfing?
TOP 20 Surf Fitness Exercises for Power Strength & Stability
- (1)Overhead walking lunge. Exercise Hold dumbbells overhead and brace your abs.
- (2)Dumbbell push up.
- (3)Swiss Ball Dumbbell Row.
- (4)Swiss Ball Dumbbell Rotation.
- (5)Single-Leg Squat.
- (6)Clap Push-Up.
- (7)Prone Swimmer.
- (8)Dumbbell Get-Up.
How do I get in shape to learn to surf?
Five Exercises to Get You Ready for Surf Camp
- Swimming. The single best way to prepare physically for a surf trip is to swim, swim, swim.
- Plank. Your core muscles are the foundation of your body, and building core strength will help your balance and overall performance on the surfboard.
How do surfers stay fit?
5 Great Ways to Stay in Surf Shape Out of the Water
- Boring… but worth it. Swimming laps.
- You don’t have to add weights to beach conditioning, but you can. Beach conditioning.
- Many of the same muscles are used on a skateboard. Skateboarding.
- You already know how good this is for you. Yoga.
- Throw some metal around.
How do you get a surfer body girl?
Steal it: Add 30-to 45- second high-intensity intervals eight to 12 times throughout a steady-state cardio workout. Legs and Butt Pro move: Keep a low center of gravity to stay up on the board. Steal it: Do as many staggered squats (one foot in front of the other) as you can in 20 seconds, then rest for 10 seconds.
What muscles do you need for surfing?
Muscles used in Surfing Surfing places a large emphasis on the core muscles, as well as the muscles of the arms, shoulders and back. The shoulders and triceps are used while paddling; hamstrings and quads help you to stand up; and the lower back muscles and obliques are used while turning.
What fitness level do you need to surf?
A moderate level of fitness is enough but the fitter you are, the easier it will be for you to pop up on your board, so it’s worth getting fitter before you hit the waves. Try running or swimming to prepare for surfing, as I’ll explain below.
Is running good for surfers?
Staying active is the best way to surf more and better. A weekly running and jogging routine will directly impact your surfing. All you need is 30 minutes, twice a week. Running is not only good because it helps burn calories.
Are burpees good for surfing?
Another great Surf workout. Surfer burpees can be an amazing full-body exercise that boosts your heart rate and improves strength, mobility, explosiveness, and flexibility. This exercise works all the majority muscle groups, and it’s one of the best calorie- burning moves you can do.
Do surfers lift weights?
However, this often followed by the common question: do surfers lift weights? Yes, many do since weightlifting gives them the strength to pop up fast and turn harder, and this includes 2019 World Champion, Italo Ferreira.
Does surfing get you ripped?
As well as building muscle strength in your upper body and legs, the cross-training effect of surfing is a brilliant workout for your core, making it a full body workout. A lot of surf research suggests we use our trapezius, rectus abdominis, latissimus dorsi, obliques, triceps, biceps and deltoids.
Do you need to be skinny to surf?
The answer is simple. If you are a recreational surfer like most sports your weight is not an issue, fat-thin you’ll enjoy it all the same. because that’s who you are physically.
Does surfing build shoulder?
Longtime surfers get super strong in their downward pulling strength and internal rotation strength, therefore they need the opposing movements to balance their shoulder muscles. You can progress this by holding a 1-2kg weight in each hand, although bodyweight is typically challenging enough. | <urn:uuid:f4160797-3a89-4bc6-b45b-dde2be41b2f7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dabuh.com/surfing/what-are-the-best-exercises-for-surfing-question.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.894666 | 1,210 | 1.890625 | 2 |
Cobalt, a mineral crucial to producing rechargeable batteries needed for the rocketing electric-car industry, as well as for cell phones and computers, is largely found in one of the world's most corrupt, dysfunctional countries. In the Democratic Republic of Congo, children as young as seven dig cobalt under grueling conditions for pennies, despite market prices that have soared five-fold since 2016. Environmental wreckage is equally worrying.
Whether governments and companies can resolve these problems could dramatically impact the biggest energy transition in a century, and even the world's carbon-emissions targets.
Tesla, Apple, and others are looking for cobalt-free alternatives. Yet that would devastate Congolese communities that rely on mining, no matter how grim the conditions.
NGOs, the U.S., China, and others are belatedly developing block-chain systems to clean up supply chains and attempting to clean up mining sites.
The race for cobalt has had a profound impact on parts of the DRC, as the world's hunger for the mineral has increased. The next race, for solutions, has only just begun. | <urn:uuid:dcff896e-96f0-438b-a2c8-ef722ad77654> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pulitzercenter.org/projects/race-cobalt | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572063.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814173832-20220814203832-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.957512 | 231 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Wall v. Bissell
Annotate this Case
125 U.S. 382 (1888)
- Syllabus |
U.S. Supreme Court
Wall v. Bissell, 125 U.S. 382 (1888)
Wall v. Bissell
Argued April 12-13, 1887
Decided March 19, 1888
125 U.S. 382
It seems that under the statutes of Indiana, an executor named in a will who has never qualified or been appointed by the Court of Probate or taken out letters testamentary has no power to redeem a mortgage of real estate, either as an executor or as trustee under the will.
In equity, a mortgage of real estate, made to one of two creditors to secure the payment of a debt due to them jointly is incident to the debt, and may be released, after the death of the mortgagee, by the surviving creditor, and a release, made in good faith by the survivor, of part of the land from any and all lien by reason of the mortgage is valid against himself and the representatives of the deceased, although he is in fact executor of the latter and describes himself as such in the last clause and the signature of the release and has by law no authority to enter the release as executor, for want of letters testamentary.
This was a bill in equity by George P. Bissell against Abraham G. Barnett, his wife, Byron H. Barnett and James W. Barnett his minor sons, his sisters Susan B. Shoaff, and Mary Ann Wall and their husbands, Henry J. Rudisill, Oscar A. Simons and John H. Bass, Henry Burgess, Charles A. Zollinger, and the representatives of John J. Kamm, to foreclose mortgages of real estate in Indiana. Answers and cross-bills were filed by the various parties setting up their different interests, and a final decree was rendered for the plaintiff, from which Mr. and Mrs. Wall, Mr. and Mrs. Shoaff, and the two minor sons of Abraham G. Barnett, appealed to this Court. The case appeared by the pleadings and proofs to be as follows:
In 1869, Abraham G. Barnett, his brother John H. Barnett, and Newton B. Freeman were partners in a paper mill, and desired to raise money for the use of the partnership and to pay up Freeman's share of the capital. At the request of the two Barnetts and of Rudisill (who appears to have been promised an interest in the partnership), Bissell lent to the
two Barnetts the sum of $8,000, the whole of which was put into the firm and $5,000 of which was credited to Freeman. Pursuant to an agreement then made by the three partners and Rudisill and Bissell, the following instruments were executed:
On July 15, 1869, the two Barnets executed to Bissell eight bonds for $1,000 each, payable in ten years, with interest semiannually, secured by mortgage from John H. Barnett to Bissell of land in the City of Fort Wayne.
On the same day, Rudisill executed to John H. Barnett a bond, reciting that
"said Henry J. Rudisill has received from said Barnett the sum of $5,000, part of a loan made by J. H. Barnett and Abraham G. Barnett for the sum of $8,000 of George P. Bissell, secured by"
the bonds and mortgage aforesaid, and conditioned to "pay said sum of $5,000 of said bonds, with interest thereon, as it becomes due."
On December 23, 1871, as security for the payment of this bond, Rudisill executed to John H. Barnett a mortgage of land, upon all of which, except a small piece, there existed a prior mortgage, made by Rudisill to his mother to secure the payment of an annuity to her, and now held by Simons and Bass.
On January 23, 1872, John H. Barnett died, leaving a will containing the following provisions:
First. A devise of part of the land, mortgaged by him to Bissell as aforesaid, to Mrs. Wall, with successive remainders to Byron H. Barnett, to his children, and to Abraham G. Barnett.
Second. A devise of the rest of that land to Mrs. Shoaff, with successive remainders to James W. Barnett, to his children, and to Abraham G. Barnett.
Third and Fourth. Devises of other lands to Mrs. Shoaff land to Abraham G. Barnett and his children.
"Fifth. Now as to my interest in the paper mill and business carried on at the City of Fort Wayne under the name of Freeman & Barnett, which is regarded as one-third in extent of said business effects, real and personal &c. &c., stock, assets, machinery, dividends, dues &c., I devise and bequeath,
subject to the conditions and agreements, performed or unperformed, which were named at the time I became a party in interest in said paper business so carried on by and in Freeman & Barnett's name, and which conditions and agreements are known to my brother, A. G. Barnett, I give and bequeath unto my said brother, A. G. Barnett, and to my nephews, James Barnett Wall and Charles W. Wall, sons of my sister, Mary A. Wall, all my interest in the paper mill and business aforesaid, real and personal or otherwise, so carried on and owned by said Freeman & Barnett, to have and to hold to each of said devisees or legatees, three in number, so named, one full third of my said interest in said paper business, mill &c. The sole control of the respective interests of said James B. and Charles W. Wall shall be under the control of my brother, A. G. Barnett, until said James B. shall reach the age of twenty-five years. The profits arising out of said interest so bequeathed to said Charles and James B. respectively shall be at reasonable periods each year paid said legatees respectively by said Barnett, or by any other person who may be authorized to control said interest in the progress of said business by law or otherwise. And I hereby give the said A. G. Barnett the right to sell said interests of said Charles and James B. if he shall deem such sale expedient for the best interests of said Charles and James, he, the said A. G. Barnett, first giving said Charles and James security for faithfully accounting to them for the proceeds of said sale, or if he shall desire to buy said interests, or either of them, before either shall be of age, then some third party shall qualify as guardian and proceed to sell the same to said A. G. Barnett under order and authority of law."
"Sixth. I name my brother, A. G. Barnett, my executor, to act himself or jointly with one he may choose; if acting alone, then he shall and may do so without bond as such executor, but if acting with another, both shall give bond and take out letters testamentary and proceed according to law; but if he shall act alone, then, as executor, he shall have authority under this will to proceed as if he had letters testamentary to execute the trusts devolved on him as executor, as also those
which may incidentally arise in the execution of this trust as executor, but not any others arising out of a different relation, such as trustee or guardian of some of the parties named herein or of some of the trust funds named hereinbefore. He shall have power to proceed to collect all debts, judgments, or choses in action due me at my death, all rents due me at my death, of any and all my real estate except the homestead, and to have control of and dispose of all my personal property, moneys and effects, reducing them to availability, and to collect all rents on the lots devised respectively, located in the City of Fort Wayne, until such rents and the reasonable use of the whole homestead place, including that devised to Mrs. Susan Shoaff and to himself, until such funds so arising from rents, use of homestead, moneys, personal property &c., shall be enough to pay my debts, funeral expenses, debts of last illness, and to purchase a lot in Lindenwood Cemetery, properly and fairly improve it, pay for exhuming the remains of my father and mother; their interment, and the erection of a monument suitable to their condition in life in said lot, and this shall be done speedily as the nature of the business shall allow, after which the devisees respectively herein lastly named, and incidentally referred to, shall control said property as the same is intended in the respective clauses wherein said property is devised."
On February 7, 1872, the will was duly admitted to probate, on the testimony of the subscribing witnesses, in a court of the State of Indiana.
Abraham G. Barnett never qualified or gave bond as executor, as required by the statutes of Indiana, and the court of probate never made any order appointing him executor, or directing letters testamentary to issue, and no such letters were ever issued. But he assumed to act as executor, and as such took control of the real and personal property, collected the rents of the real estate for some months (after which he turned it over to the devisees), paid the testator's debts and funeral expenses, purchased a burial lot, removed the remains of the testator's father and mother to it, and erected a monument upon it. The other devisees knew of all these acts,
made no objection, supposing him to be authorized by the will to do them.
On January 23, 1875, Rudisill sold and conveyed by warranty deed to Burgess, Zollinger, and Kamm part of the land included in the mortgage from him to John H. Barnett, and in the annuity mortgage to his mother; she released from her mortgage this part of the land, and Abraham G. Barnett executed, on the margin of the record from Rudisill to John H. Barnett, a release of the same part, in the following words:
"I hereby release from any and all lien by reason of this mortgage the following of the premises herein described: all that part of S.E. 1/4 of sec. 35, t'p 31, R. 12 East, this day conveyed by Henry J. Rudisill to H. Burgess, Charles A. Zollinger, and J. J. Kamm. Witness my hand and seal as such executor, January 23, 1875."
"ABRAHAM G. BARNETT [SEAL]"
"Executor of the Estate of John H. Barnett, deceased"
On the same day, and as part of the same transaction, Rudisill executed to "Abraham G. Barnett, as executor of the estate of John H. Barnett, deceased," a mortgage of other lands, partly included also in the annuity mortgage. All the parties to this transaction acted in good faith. But the transaction was not shown to have been known to the devisees until about the time of the beginning of this suit, or to have ever been assented to by them.
The bill prayed for a foreclosure of the mortgages from John H. Barnett to the plaintiff and from Rudisill to John H. Barnett, or, if the court should hold the release of the latter good, then for a foreclosure of the mortgage from Rudisill to Abraham G. Barnett.
The circuit court decreed that the release was valid, and that the title in the land so released be quieted in the present holders as against all other parties to this, suit, and that the various parcels of land be sold and applied to the payment of the debts secured by the several mortgages in an order not objected to by the appellants, supposing the release to be valid, which they denied. | <urn:uuid:404cb813-87c9-45bc-9025-19d9f293c2a6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/125/382/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280763.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00511-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973337 | 2,524 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Here are some of the assumptions that I make that apply to various parts of the rest of this document:
- Red Hat Linux 7.x
- Interchange installed (RPM or tarball)
- Default Interchange tarball installation directory paths (adjust for your environment)
- Template catalog setup and working
Note: I will assume "foundation" for the catalog name and directory paths, but it should be just as easy to use this document with your own catalog by mentally transposing the names and paths.
There shouldn't be any reason why you could not do everything I mention here on other Linux distributions, Unices or Windows (using cygwin). However, my statements will reflect Red Hat Linux 7.x. Additionally, Red Hat Linux 6.x is for the most part the same as 7.x, except for the difference of using inetd instead of xinetd to setup pserver. | <urn:uuid:1179e09e-6490-40de-8d15-68087385bc85> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.icdevgroup.org/interchange-doc-5.2.0/frames/ic_howto_cvs_9.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00338-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.885492 | 188 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Ivory with polychromy and gilding, original silver hinges
Overall: 9.2 cm (3 5/8 in.); Closed: 5.2 cm (2 1/16 in.)
Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund 1971.103
This beautiful and well-preserved diptych includes its original polychromy, gilding, and silver hinges, though these are no longer connected. With its lapis background, red roof tiles, and gilded details of the figures’ clothing, the appearance is one of luxuriousness. The diptych provides us with a rare and vivid impression of how such devotional ivories were originally decorated in the 1300s.
The information about this object, including provenance information, is based on historic information and may not be currently accurate or complete. Research on objects is an ongoing process, but the information about this object may not reflect the most current information available to CMA. If you notice a mistake or have additional information about this object, please email firstname.lastname@example.org.
To request more information about this object, study images, or bibliography, contact the Ingalls Library Reference Desk.
Request a digital file from Image Services that is not available through CC0, a detail image, or any image with a color bar. If you have questions about requesting an image, please email email@example.com. | <urn:uuid:d5fdc74e-f824-4c0b-8ebf-ac78c0b68121> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.clevelandart.org/art/1971.103 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.884946 | 299 | 2.3125 | 2 |
The death came just two days after the first fatal shark attack this year in the United States. A 10-year-old boy was killed Saturday at Virginia Beach, Va. Dare County Emergency Management officials confirmed the man and woman were attacked around 6 p.m. in Avon, 135 miles south down the coast from Virginia Beach. “It was beautiful day and there were several people in the water with them,” said dispatcher N.H. Sanderson. “The park service is interviewing these people now.” An official at the Hyde County Sheriff’s Department said the man was dead and the woman had been flown to the Sentara Norfolk General Hospital in Virginia with substantial wounds to her lower torso. The victims’ names were not released. They were believed to be in their 20s. The Virginia attack occurred Saturday in 4 feet of water about 50 yards from the shore off Sandbridge Beach, said Ed Brazle, division chief for the city’s Emergency Medical Services. The shark ripped a 17-inch gash in 10-year-old David Peltier’s left leg and did not release him until after the boy’s father hit the shark on the head. The father carried David ashore but he died hours later after losing large amounts of blood from a severed artery. A police helicopter carrying marine scientists periodically flew over Virginia Beach yesterday, and several police boats were on the water. A shark was spotted 200 yards off a military beach that is closed to the public, but marine scientists did not think it was the shark that attacked David. Tourists and residents were talking about the shark attack yesterday, but weren’t put off enough to cancel hotel reservations or stay away from the beach. Many hotels were sold out, including the Comfort Inn, where owner Addison Richardson said no guests checked out early or expressed fears about sharks. “It’s very sad, but there’s no reason to be afraid,” Chaya Brod of Silver Spring, Md., said yesterday as she walked along the sand at Virginia Beach while her husband and three of her children played in the surf. “You have to be out deep in the water in order to be attacked. It doesn’t bother me.” In Florida, a sailor at the Mayport Naval Station near Jacksonville was bitten on the foot by a shark Sunday, Navy officials said yesterday. The bite was apparently not serious, and the man was treated at a hospital and released. His name was not released. Fifty-two shark attacks have occurred worldwide this year, including three fatal ones, said George Burgess of the International Shark Attack File in Gainesville, Fla. Twenty-nine have been in Florida waters. Last year, there were 84 shark attacks worldwide, 53 in the United States, he said. | <urn:uuid:20803729-7241-402b-9c3f-c79bda6c0b97> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.morningjournal.com/2001/09/04/shark-attack-kills-man/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00471.warc.gz | en | 0.987088 | 575 | 1.539063 | 2 |
The Witch, The Bucket And The Very Naughty Boy
“I’m sorry I’m late mummy but I found two greyhounds in the woods and when they didn’t chase a hare I tied them to a bush and I beat them and then they turned into a woman and a boy and the woman put a bridle in the boy’s mouth and then he turned into a horse and they made me go to the forest and watch witches dancing and then they ate my homework.”
In 1634 no one had actually caught onto ye olde shaggy-dog-tale wheeze from small boys trying to get out of chores. When young Edmund Robinson came up with this howler for bringing the cows in late, it seemed perfectly reasonable. It was far more likely that sixty Lancastrian women had made pacts with the Devil than a small boy would ever tell a porky pie to cover up a simple mistake.
When witches were uncovered in the 17th Century, they seldom fell alone. In a matter of weeks it was the talk of the entire nation. Sir William Pelham wrote to his pal Viscount Conway:
“The greatest news from the country is of a huge pack of witches which are lately discovered in Lancashire whereof nineteen are condemned and that there are at least sixty already discovered and yet daily there are more revealed.”
Once rumour got a hold, it went berserk. “It is suspected,” he continued, “that they had a hand in raising the great storm wherein His Majesty was in such danger in Scotland. “
It didn’t help that at least one of the women was quite happy to admit she was a witch – and rather proud of the fact. Margaret Johnson had been given a hard time by her neighbours and when she men a man in black on the highway, offering to swap her soul for her heart’s desire, it seemed like a good trade.
According to my old mate the Reverend L’Strange, the stranger “called himself Mamilion and generally ‘took liberties’ with her.” After a while, he took to appearing in the form of common domestic animals and sucked her blood. She was adamant she’d never hurt anyone.
Everyone else denied the charges. The finger-pointers clutched at straws – one guy accused poor Mary Spenser of having a bucket as a familiar, which would run after her.
I can just hear the frustration in her voice as she patiently explained that sometimes when going for water, she’d amuse herself by rolling the pail down the hill and running beside it.
But it was no good. Once the rumours took hold, no one was safe.
So what has this all got to do with Greenwich?
We tend to forget that in Charles I’s time, the town was still an important administrative centre. The ‘witches,’ who had by this time dwindled to four (presumably not even Seventeenth Century country bigots bought the bucket-story…) were brought to London for trial, and put up in the Ship Hotel by the river.
There have been several Ship Hotels in Greenwich, mainly famous for serving Whitebait to Tories (or maybe Whigs, I can never remember which way round it was…) The last one was bombed to buggery in WWII. I’ll get onto the Ship and its various guises some other day.
After staying at the tavern, the ‘witches’ were thoroughly examined by seven surgeons and ten certificated midwives, under the supervision of William Harvey (yeah, the same guy who discovered the blood-circulation thing…)
This Seventeenth Century medical and scientific elite was unimpressed with the yokels who’d sent these poor women all the way to London and, between them found nothing unnatural at all about them.
To Margaret Johnson’s presumed annoyance, the best evidence of the Devil they found on her was a couple of ‘teat-like marks’ – which they dismissed as being pretty normal, really.
At which point young Edmund Robinson was dragged forward by the ear, and, kicking his heels, he admitted he’d made the whole thing up. History doesn’t tell us what happened to the little tyke (or, indeed, the innocent women) but I’m guessing the Naughty Step was occupied for some time… | <urn:uuid:db3334c0-843e-4bc8-9c59-67ec7db3e81f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.thegreenwichphantom.co.uk/2009/05/the-witch-the-bucket-and-the-very-naughty-boy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00295-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.980998 | 933 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Lake Mohave Fish Report for 10-14-2021
Water levels are low for fall razorback sucker conservation activities
Lake Mohave - Cottonwood Cove, NV
by Nevada Department of Wildlife
Water levels are low for fall razorback sucker conservation activities, making the boat launch inaccessible to many vessels. Shore anglers and kayakers have had some luck landing striped bass up to 12 pounds. Rainbow trout action is expected to pick up with cooler weather. PowerBait and worms are the go-to baits for trout this time of year. Anglers have reported catching black bass and stripers at the south end of the reservoir. Largemouth are biting soft plastics in the shallows. Smallies are taking walking baits in the early morning. For a striper bite, try locating coves with signs of shad. Crankbaits and topwater lures in shad patterns will attract the fish in those areas.
Anglers are enjoying an increase in black bass action throughout Las Vegas Bay. Both largemouth and smallmouth are taking a...... Read More
Nevada Department of Wildlife Reportsfor Wednesday, October 6th, 2021
Lake Mead: The black bass bite is picking up
Lake Mohave: Transitions into fall weather patterns are resulting in an increase in black bass activity
Colorado River - Laughlin: Rainbow trout are keeping anglers busy on the river.
Las Vegas Urban Ponds: Anglers reported good fishing over the weekend
Kirch Wildlife Management Area: Trout fishing should be good throughout the day
Eagle Valley Reservoir: Trout action is getting even better than it has been
: NDOW Southern Fishing Report
Website Hosting and Design provided by TECK.net | <urn:uuid:0afba92a-5eef-443d-805b-94f7c331d4d8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.arizonafishreports.com/fish_reports/179330/water-levels-are-low-for-fall-razorback-sucker-conservation-activities.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572063.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814173832-20220814203832-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.914664 | 368 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Design und Produktion
All designs are timeless, not trend related and combinable with different styles.
This enables a longer lifecycle and flexibility in choosing diverse outfits. Our collection is not defined by seasons, which would make them become obsolete. Furthermore, new designs can be added as needed without taking older garments their concept compability. Visible mending due to usage damages leads to beautiful utility design and develops its own character (Craft of Use). We would like to encourage our customers to repair and care for what they already have.
otherways[project] develops hand knits as well as machine knits. In their production only a very small amount of waste in terms of thread off-cuts exists. Other garments relate to zero waste techniques and also leave only a small amount of leftovers. Sides have bigger seam allowences to enable adjustments to different body shapes through lifetime. At the same time less seams means less production time and less use of yarn. Less resources are needed due to a smaller energy consumption within production. Zero waste pattern making reduces fabric waste due to its specific design process where every single part of a cloth is used.
An imprinted QR-Code makes collecting information on materials, the garment's background and care instructions possible. Furthermore it helps in the recycling process, helpful material information can be gathered easily. | <urn:uuid:f97eff99-1080-4b73-897c-b44f0f6f636e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.otherwaysproject.com/design | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00078.warc.gz | en | 0.945834 | 270 | 1.851563 | 2 |
Combined with only 13 ceramic capacitors and three resistors, the LTM4634 solution fits within 4.5cm² on a dual-sided PCB. The LTM4634 includes three DC/DC controllers, power switches, inductors and compensation in a single package. The regulated output voltage for channels 1 and 2 is adjustable between 0.8V to 5.5V, with the third channel from 0.8V to 13.5V, each with ±1.5% accuracy over line, load and temperature. The combination of wide output voltage range, a thermally efficient package, tight regulation accuracy and small solution size suits the LTM4634 to regulate common intermediate power buses such as 12V, 5V and 3.3V in instrumentation, communications and industrial applications.
The LTM4634's three switchers operate from an input voltage from 4.75V to 28V. Separate input power pins for each switcher enables channel one and/or channel two to be supplied from a 12.5V, 50W intermediate bus generated from channel three. The three switchers, operating from the same internal or optional external clock signal, are internally phase shifted by 120° to minimise input ripple. For loads in excess of 5A, channels 1 and 2 can be paralleled to support up to 10A. Output overvoltage and overcurrent fault protection are included in the regulator. The LTM4634's internal temperature can be observed via two internal temperature diode monitors located next to the power stages.
In the -40°C to +125°C internal operating temperature grade the device costs $35.95 (1,000).
Linear Technology; www.linear.com/product/LTM4634 | <urn:uuid:c6af47ff-346f-447f-a0dd-a3678c4d3e52> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.edn-europe.com/news/3-output-regulator-module-delivers-70w-45cm%C2%B2-pcb-area | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00061-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.903523 | 362 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Resources >> Browse Articles >> On the Job
10 Things You Should Stop Complaining About in Nursing
Everybody wants a promotion. Everybody wants to make more money and have more authority. However, promotions are rare and must be earned rather than demanded. As much as you may feel otherwise, you are not entitled
to a promotion. Simply maintaining your job does not mean you deserve to be promoted
. Inertia does not count as a reasonable argument for why you should be given more responsibility.
Learn how to move up the ladder and get ahead in nursing >>
If you want a promotion, you need to do more than want. First, you should set goals with your manager and discuss the skills that need to be learned and the steps that need to be taken to achieve said goals. Achieving a promotion is about working hard and working well. | <urn:uuid:d2c61ef2-0c96-4269-89cf-bce160fc5fcb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://nursinglink.monster.com/benefits/articles/9801-10-things-you-should-stop-complaining-about-in-nursing?page=10 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285315.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00568-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968732 | 172 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Interactions between pH and nutrients on benthic algae in streams and consequences for ecological status assessment and species richness patterns
Journal article, Peer reviewed
MetadataShow full item record
Original versionScience of the Total Environment. 2013, 444, 73-84. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.11.034
Eutrophication and acidification are among the major stressors on freshwater ecosystems in northern Europe and North America, but possible consequences of interactions between pH and nutrients on ecological status assessment and species richness patterns have not previously been assessed. Using data from 52 river sites throughout Norway, we investigated the combined effects of pH and nutrients on benthic algae assemblages, specifically 1) taxa-specific couplings between nutrient and acidity traits, 2) the degree of consistency between different biotic indices, separately for nutrients and acid conditions, 3) the impact of pH on nutrient indices and phosphorus on indices of acid conditions, and 4) the impact of pH and phosphorus supply on diatom and non-diatom taxon richness. We found that 1) acid-tolerant taxa are generally associated with nutrient-poor conditions, with only a few exceptions; this is probably more a consequence of habitat availability than reflecting true ecological niches; 2) correlation coefficients between nutrient indices and TP, as well as acid conditions indices and pH were barely affected when the confounding factor was removed; 3) the association of acid-tolerant taxa with nutrient-poor conditions means that the lowest possible nutrient index at a site, as indicated by benthic algae, is lower at acid than at circumneutral sites. Although this may be an artifact of the datasets from which taxa-specific indicator values were derived, it could lead to a drift in nutrient indices with recovery from acidification; 4) the response of non-diatom taxon richness follows a complex pattern with a synergistic interaction between nutrient supply and pH. In contrast, diatom richness follows a simple additive pattern; this suggests structural differences between diatoms and non-diatom benthic algae in their response to nutrient supply and pH; diatom taxon richness tended to increase with nutrient supply, while non-diatom richness decreased. | <urn:uuid:3f2fa451-3ed5-4d63-be9e-a0a282217fee> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://niva.brage.unit.no/niva-xmlui/handle/11250/2571005 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00671.warc.gz | en | 0.924784 | 467 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Cars and computers have one thing in common—when something goes wrong it can easily ruin your day. If you’re not a tech wizard a computer snafu can throw you into a tailspin. In reality, many PC problems can be easily troubleshooted and your day can return to it’s previously scheduled program.
Here are 5 common PC problems that you can easily troubleshoot:
Not turning on
Nothing is more frustrating than getting to the office or sitting down to watch some Netflix and discovering that your computer won’t turn on. Unfortunately, this is more common than you would expect, but it doesn’t mean your computer is lost and gone forever.
Before you throw in towel, there are a few things you can try:
● Ensure your computer is plugged in
● Try a different outlet
● Check your memory and video cards
If everything seem to be in good work order, you may have a minor hardware issue that needs professional repair.
Blue screen of death (BSOD)
You know that terrifying moment when your computer goes from trying to start up to the terrifying BSOD. It can almost stop your heart. But it’s not a guaranteed death wish for your computer.
If you have your information backed up, one of the easiest potential solution to the BSOD is to restore your computer system to its factory settings. If that’s not an option, scan for malware and update your drivers.
If you encounter the BSOD when you are trying to turn your computer on, try starting up in safe mode.
● Hold Shift and F8 upon startup
● Select See Advanced Repair Options
● Select Troubleshoot then click Advanced Options
● Click on Windows Startup Settings and select Restart
If the problem persist, give us a call.
Page not found error
This is usually not a computer problem but rather an internet problem. Often when you get this error, the solution is as simple as checking the spelling of the url you typed in. There also could have been a glitch in your internet service, so try hitting refresh to see if you can get the site to load.
If neither of those work try using a search engine to find the URL. It’s possible you just have bad information and were given the wrong website address. If you still can’t find the page then it’s likely the host has taken the page down.
DLL file missing error
A DLL file is a Dynamic Link Library. It’s a file that contains instructions that other programs read to do specific tasks. Running into a missing DLL file can be incredibly frustrating. If this error pops up, first try restarting your computer. The problem could be temporary and resolve itself.
If you’ve been cleaning up files recently, there’s a chance the missing file lives in your Recycle Bin. Browse your Recycle Bin for DLL files and restore them.
If the problem persists, try to reinstall the program. This should restore all necessary DLL files and get thing back up and running.
This could be due to hardware issues, but there are a few software issues that could be causing restarts. For instance, a new Windows update could cause your computer to automatically shutdown and restart for installation. Check to see if that could be the problem. If it appears to be cause by something else, it’s time to run a scan for viruses and malware.
If you don’t find any viruses and your computer is fully updated, it’s time to bring your computer in for a professional opinion as you may have a hardware issue on your hands.
If you run into any of these problems and you aren’t able to successfully troubleshoot, give us a call for some help! Or if the problem is urgent, bring your computer in — we don’t ever require an appointment. | <urn:uuid:2df7d202-cd3d-46a7-b8d1-d50942091710> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://computersbn.com/5-common-pc-problems-and-how-to-troubleshoot-them/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.934513 | 824 | 1.859375 | 2 |
The City of Winnipeg wants your yard waste.
Starting today, crews will be picking up waste, such as grass clipping, leaves and plants, from residents in collection area “A”.
You’re asked to put your waste in any reusable container with a lid or paper yard waste bags. Plastic bags will not be accepted.
During the week of April 25th, waste from collection area “B” will be collected.
To find out which zone you’re in go to the City of Winnipeg website or call 311.
Last year, more than 26-thousand tonnes of yard waste was collected through the curbside yard waste collection program and composted at the Brady Road Resource Management Facility. | <urn:uuid:4368d3ce-2be3-4f12-b82d-ca7462fdddab> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.cjob.com/2016/04/18/yard-waste-collection-begins-today/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719465.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00095-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.941495 | 150 | 1.570313 | 2 |
On the occasion of Gandhi Jayanti, Haryana CM Manohar Khattar gave a call for 'Congress-mukt Bharat', while stating that the party has become irrelevant in present time.
Attending an event to mark the 150th anniversary of Gandhi, Manohar Khattar cited the father of the nation to emphasise on making country free of Congress.
"Gandhiji wanted to dissolve the Congress after independence as the party had become irrelevant. A healthy democratic tradition should have been introduced since the beginning itself", said Khattar.
Speaking further about the achievements of the Haryana government in making the state first ODF (Open-defecation free) region in the country, Khattar said that now they are planning to achieve the ODF plus status.
He also said that Harayana had taken a big leap in the field of Gram Swarajya by fielding the educated candidates in the Panchayat elections.
Speaking about Prime Minister Narendra Modi's Swachhta Abhiyan, Khattar said that the year 2019 is dedicated to Gandhiji and his objectives about a clean India.
"The objective of clean India can be achieved with the help of the masses. Mahatma Gandhi's vision of cleanliness was connected to both inner as well as outer cleanliness. His belief in cleanliness of ideas will help in creating an ideal society", he said.
Earlier in the day, Haryana Chief Minister also participated in a Swachh Bharat Abhiyan and picked up the broom to lead a cleanliness drive. | <urn:uuid:d85a4b9e-ce3f-4fa7-b12f-b21d0aa89289> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/gandhiji-wanted-to-dissolve-congress-after-independence-party-no-more-relevant-now-manohar-lal-khattar-1605604-2019-10-02 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572870.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817062258-20220817092258-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.967081 | 330 | 1.882813 | 2 |
They packed the train stations, rode busses from miles away. They rode bikes and pushed strollers up Capitol Hill. They came from all walks of life—doctors and dads, hipsters and grandmothers, and the skiers and snowboarders who spend their days in the clean air above Salt Lake City’s inversion, but most of whom have to descend back into it every night to get home. Some 5,000 people marched on the Utah State Capitol on last Saturday, January 25. It was the largest air pollution protest in Utah, and by some reports, the largest in American history. Standing next to the advocacy groups including Utah Physicians for a Healthy Environment (UPHE), the Sierra Club, and Clean Air Utah, were a loose confederation of professional skiers, snowboarders, climbers, and mountain bikers who love living and training near the Wasatch Range, but hate descending into a brown cloud of pollution during Utah’s inversion cycles.
“[The turnout] was obviously amazing. It was way beyond our expectations, or at least mine,” says Amanda Batty, a professional mountain biker and passionate skier who helped found the group Athletes for Clean Air, a non-profit group fighting for clean air in Utah. “Even cooler than the total turnout was the amount of people who chose alternative transportation to get to the rally.”
Northern Utah cities consistently rank as the most toxic in North America for air quality. During high pressure days, especially in the winter, pollutants from the roughly 2 million people living along the Wasatch Front get trapped in the valley, and build until the next storm front. UPHE estimates that between 1-2,000 people each year die prematurely because of the air quality in Utah.
Athletes for Clean Air is currently a small voice in the chorus for change. For now, the group is only comprised of outdoor sports athletes, but Batty sees that expanding soon. “We’ve reached out to a few different athletes from various organizations, and have gotten quite a response,” she says. “The response level from athletes from all sports disciplines has been absolutely amazing, and it’s really reaffirming that what we’re doing matters.” | <urn:uuid:3a3fe2d9-91d9-4984-b18a-f926f724930a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.powder.com/stories/enough-brown-smog/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281151.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00110-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965641 | 468 | 2.15625 | 2 |
This Fourth of July marks 100 years since the first powered flight in Alaska.
It happened during the Fourth of July in 1913, in Fairbanks. Early day aviator and inventor, James V. Martin and his wife Lily, (also a pilot) made the lengthy trip from Seattle to demonstrate what would come to be known as ‘the aviation.’ Sponsored by a group of local businessmen, the bi-winged Gage-Martin aircraft, with a 60 horse power motor, was crated and transported by ship through southeast Alaska to Skagway, transferred to the White Pass Railroad for the trip to Whitehorse and loaded on a stern-wheeler for the long trip down the Yukon to Tanana, The final leg up the journey was by another riverboat up the Tanana and Chena Rivers to Fairbanks. According to aviation historian and University of Alaska Film Archivist Dirk Tordoff, the journey was made in just over twenty days—with good connections—which was quite efficient travel at that time.
The plan for Fairbanks was to make demonstration flights out of the local ball field, as part of the Fourth of July festivities. This timing was good, Tordoff asserts, as that holiday was the only time in the short summer season that the miners (which WAS the economy of the day) took time away from their diggings to celebrate. The riverboat companies cut their fares in half, allowing miners from across the region to attend the holiday festivities. So an audience was guaranteed. Tickets sold for $2.50 a head would cover the cost of the aerial demonstration.
Devil and details
But like most things in aviation, the devil is in the details. Martin’s aircraft required high-octane fuel that had been ordered, but didn’t arrive for several days, forcing him to operate on low-octane fuel. The poor engine performance required securing the tail with a spring setup, which was released by his wife when full power was developed, and even then he barely made it into the air. Another problem: it was a bad wildfire year, and the smoke in the area was thick enough that visibility was a factor (something that still plagues Fairbanks aviators on occasion). Consequently, during his test flights on July 3rd, he only managed to climb a few hundred feet, and stayed over familiar landmarks, right over the city itself. This allowed the population of the town, about 3,500 people at the time, to realize they didn’t need to buy a high priced ticket (almost 60 bucks in today’s dollars), but could easily view the show from their own roof or wood pile. A series of five flights were made between July 3-5, according to Tordoff. While thrilling for Fairbanksians, it was a commercial disaster for the businessmen. The further plan had been to sell the aircraft in Alaska, but given the limited performance, there were no takers and the plane was taken apart and shipped back to Seattle, where it disappeared from the historic record, Tordoff told an audience in Fairbanks recently. While a commercial failure, this event signaled the start of aviation, which over the next few decades would significantly alter transportation in Alaska, with airplanes displacing mail routes otherwise served by dogsled, and transporting miners in two hours over a distance that previously took weeks to cover. This flight occurring just as the first successful climb of Mt. McKinley was completed—which required a combined total of almost 1,500 miles of dogsled, snowshoe, hiking and river travel—make the contrast of how airplanes have changed Alaska particularly noteworthy.
Commemorating that historic ‘waypoint’
Recognizing that a century has passed since this event, the Alaska Airshow Association has organized an ambitious plan with a group of warbirds and other vintage aircraft to make the rounds of many Alaskan communities. They started in Cordova on May 9th, and are scheduled to appear in Fairbanks to celebrate the actual first flights on July 4th. They, and other vintage aircraft from Fairbanks, will launch just before noon and fly over celebrations in Ester, Fairbanks and North Pole before returning to the airport for further festivities. This flight is timed to ‘parade’ over Pioneer Park at noon as part of their Fourth of July ceremony.
Back on the East Ramp at Fairbanks International Airport, The Alaska Airmen’s Association is coordinating an event in conjunction with the Airshow Association to treat the public to free hot dogs and popcorn (food you would find a hundred years ago), an opportunity to see the airplanes “up close and personal” and to meet the pilots. At the University of Alaska Fairbanks Aviation Facility, 3504 South University Avenue, a museum display about the centennial will be set up for viewing, youth activities are planned, and did I mention the free hot dogs? Pilots will sign commemorative posters, and talk about the aircraft they are flying. The finale will be at 3 p.m. when the aircraft take off and fly a race track pattern around the airport, before heading south to their next destination. If you are in Fairbanks (or want to fly in for the occasion), come out to enjoy the fun, and reflect on how far aviation has progressed in 100 years. Or just to enjoy a free hot dog! | <urn:uuid:3549bdbe-e233-471d-9155-9e4eb58a3ace> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://blog.aopa.org/vfr/?p=669 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00329-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.978686 | 1,101 | 3.5 | 4 |
Past," vol. v. p. 157.]
[Footnote 6: "Kisar," the consort or queen of Sar, father of all the gods.]
[Footnote 7: "Zir-ri" (pronounced "zeer-ree"), short form of "Zi-aria," spirits of the running rivers--naiads or water-nymphs.]
[Footnote 8: "Samas," the sun-god.]
[Footnote 9: Babil, Babylon; the Accadian name was "Diu-tir," or "Duran."]
[Footnote 10: "Pa-te-si," prince.]
[Footnote 11: "Ellat-gula," one of the queens or sovereigns of Erech, supposed to have preceded Nammurabi or Nimrod on the throne. We have identified Izdubar herein with Nimrod.]
[Footnote 12: "Kardunia," the ancient name of Babylonia.]
THE FALL OF ERECH
O Moon-god, hear my cry! With thy pure light
Oh, take my spirit through that awful night
That hovers o'er the long-forgotten years,
To sing Accadia's songs and weep her tears!
'Twas thus I prayed, when lo! my spirit rose
On fleecy clouds, enwrapt in soft rep
This is a fascinating work.The author of the translation has created a superb poetical masterpiece.I wonder if the original is as eloquent as the translation.Great translation.I read it several times at gutenberg.org and tears flowed down my eyes:even in those remote days-four thousand years before-that land where my blood relatives,the ancestors lived were invaded by enemy.I would rather call that poetical work 'Kardunia'(i.e. Kartu,Kartunia).There is the tendency since Julius Oppert of replacing words Kardu,Kardunia,Ingur(Ingir) with the words 'Sumer and Akkad','Babylon','Mesopotamia','the Middle East'.Kardunia' must be rendered as 'Kardunia'in any translation,Engur(Ingir)-as Engur or Ingir.Sumer means 'a person that engoys consuming and manufacturing wine and any other alcohol(araqi i.e. vodka,beer)' in the language of modern day Kardu nation.This nation is called the Georgians in English now,Gruzini in Russian,the Gurgistan in several other languages.Gushum is the name for the term that is called 'cuneiform'by scientists.The word 'Engurology',Karduology or Kartuelology is the better term for the artificially introduced term 'Assyriology',that term is inappropreate. | <urn:uuid:96e7df5b-cb38-48d0-9e7f-3ee2b7eee5c7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://manybooks.net/titles/anon10881088710887-8.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00301-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.892266 | 595 | 2.03125 | 2 |
In 2011 Ana Zigenhorn from Florida, started to gain weight without any obvious reason and very soon her life turned into hell. At first, the doctors couldn’t discover the reason but then they opened her breasts and found- mold. This mother of two children was healthy but after she started to gain weight she also started to lose her vision. She experienced pain and burning sensation in her entire body. For eight months she couldn’t sleep – she was only able to write messages on a chalkboard.
She consulted many doctors, but no one cpould tell her what was the cause of the disease. They were sure that it wasn’t lupus, arthritis or problems with thyroid and the solution couldn’t be found. Dr. Susan Kolb, who is the author of “The Naked Truth about Breast Implants,” didn’t mention that the patient’s health can be jeopardized by the mold which can appear around silicone implants. When the silicones were removed she immediately started to feel better.
Zigerhorn still has the video which shows what was found in her body. She believes that the mold was pouring out from the implant and going into her body for years.
Unfortunately, there are many other similar cases like this- Half Blade from Kentucky claims that she had a very similar problem. While a representative from the US Food and Drug Administration claims that there weren’t other similar complaints about silicone implants but he emphasizes that they should be replaced after some time.
On the other hand, Doctor Kolb claims that he had thousands of patients with the same problem and his advice is that the implants should be replaced on every 8-15 years. | <urn:uuid:38b7db15-3b4c-4e50-81ce-a4dfee2911eb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.healthyandnaturallife.com/shocking-video-doctors-removed-implants-from-a-womans-breast-and-they-were-shocked-video/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.984635 | 349 | 1.710938 | 2 |
Furnaces for a full range of heat treatment: from preheating before forging, to normalizing, annealing, stress relieving, tempering and hardening. The heat treatment furnaces give you temperature homogeneity, optimum combustion control thanks to the AdvanTek® burners, low fuel consumption, flexibility of operation and performance reliability.
With heat treatment temperatures from 600 ̊C to 1,350 ̊C, this furnace is typically used for bars, plates, coils & tubes:
- Preheating before forging
- Stress relief in metal products, pressure vessels, rolls
- Various annealing processes
- Quench and tempering
Electric heating is also available. This furnace is very flexible: the bogies are loaded outside the furnace and can either use a push or pull (truck & pulley) mechanism to enter the furnace. You can have more than one bogie in use at a time, so that one load is ready to go while the other is still in the furnace.
Used for bars, tubes, wire rod coils and heavy plates, with heat treatment temperatures from 600 ̊C to 1,050 ̊C, with or without protective atmosphere, for such applications as:
- Quench and tempering (austempering)
- Stress relief
Electric heating is also available. Burners and rolls can be pre-mounted in sections to reduce the overall installation time. Installation is quick and easy thanks to the modular design, which includes different types of lining. All of the components are fully automated and controlled.
They can be operated with a variety of fuels to achieve process temperatures up to 1,200 ̊C.
These furnaces are used to heat treat strip coils, wired rod coils, cast iron tubes or graphite electrodes. The range includes:
- Rotary hearth furnaces
- Bell furnaces
- Graphite electrode bogie hearth furnaces
- Chain pushers
- Chamber, in/out furnaces
- Vertical or horizontal ladle preheaters and dryers
- Controlled cooling hoods or cooling beds for tubes
Rotary hearth furnace
A rotary hearth furnace is designed for reheating any semi-finished products, such as round or square billets (carbon or stainless steel) for seamless pipe mills and forging plants, high grade steel ingots for railway wheels, as well as heat treatment (annealing, quenching) of wire rod coils. Modular design and customized charging and discharging machines ensure optimum performance, while the simple and robust design guarantees easy maintenance.
Used for the heat treatment of ingots, square or round billets, those are in operation in wheel forge shops:
- Continuous rotary hearth furnaces with charging & discharging machines
- Batch type bell or chamber, in/out furnaces
- Pit furnaces
- Bogie hearth furnaces
In these furnaces, the products can be loaded either in vertical or horizontal arrangement depending on their dimensions. Fully automated charging and discharging machines can be supplied upon request.
Mobile transport manipulators and special tongs with 90º orientation during loading and unloading from the furnace can also be used. | <urn:uuid:ec412fae-0aa4-4e87-9431-594becdae6fe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fivesgroup.com/jp/steel/reheating/heat-treatment | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.898133 | 676 | 1.640625 | 2 |
This I Believe
-“The Chinese concept that everything is explicable in terms of two complementary but opposing principles.”
I believe in Yin and Yang. Light and dark. Good and evil. Male and female. Right and wrong. Lazy and diligent. Sexy and professional. Rigid and laid-back.
To me, the Yin and Yang represent the chaos of everyday life. They represent the gap between the rich and the poor; they represent all of humanity and the universe. Yin and yang are interdependent. I believe that for every badass punk rocker kid with a pink mohawk, there is an equal and opposite force elsewhere, a clean, well kept conservative businessman, and I believe that they are not all that much different. They are not only opposing each other, but working together, sometimes shaping progress.
Yin and Yang is Newton’s Third Law of Motion in effect outside of physics. It is the reason America does not have nationalized healthcare. It is the reason we don’t have a clinically insane, oppressive dictator. It is the reason that we have elected officials, and the reason that you showed up to work this morning.
When was a younger child growing up, my parents always told me to eat my vegetables. Sometimes I did, sometimes I didn’t. These days I eat vegetables sometimes, and sometimes not. When a drug dealer sees the result of his best friend’s brother being addicted to drugs, he might shape up and stop dealing. For every Michael Moore there is a Rush Limbaugh or an Ann Coulter.
I believe that Yin and Yang are beautiful because they represent the ever-present antithesis of extremism. This simple concept of the opposites of the Yin and the Yang are the soul of the founding fathers, of the fine arts, of democracy, scientific advancement, and murky progressivism.
W.E.B DuBois is the Yin and Stalin is the Yang. DuBois and activist and Stalin a corrupt man, we still survive today with collective memories of both. George Bush is the Yin and Julia Butterfly is the Yang. What did they do? How did they help humankind? Who are they? Why are you, the yin, or the yang? Who are your friends?
Are you right brained? Maybe your left-brain is your Yin. Maybe it emerges and night and transforms you. Maybe you have arguments with yourself; if you are human you know you do, maybe admitting it is harder. Confidence is sexy. But isn’t confidence just indecision masked by state of mind and delusions? Why are we here? Yin and Yang can help us address this issue or the issue of whether to order the chicken or the fish. Temporary imbalance is key the cycles of yin and yang. Yin and Yang are a natural cycle.
Most importantly, I believe we all know this. Some of us just don’t think about it. Don’t worry, you’re not left out.
If you enjoyed this essay, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to This I Believe, Inc. | <urn:uuid:07c4ad4b-cecd-4eae-8439-04b22abec6aa> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://thisibelieve.org/essay/14616/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00426-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954072 | 645 | 1.734375 | 2 |
NEW YORK – Poor entertainment industry. It's having such a hard time keeping up with "the next big thing" and "what the kids are watching these days."
That's because the next big thing and what the kids are watching these days are perpetually changing and flip-flopping — at a clip that seems almost as fast as high-speed Internet access.
Between YouTube and MySpace, single-camera sitcoms and reality TV, "Deal or No Deal" isn't just the name of a madly popular new game show on NBC. It's the question networks, studios and Internet companies are constantly faced with in this spastically and ever-evolving entertainment landscape when they're studying what new project to take on.
"There is a sense that everything is up for grabs right now," said Robert Thompson, director of the Center for the Study of Popular Television at Syracuse University. "Everyone is battling for the young people's attention, and no one knows where it's going next."
Much of the craze in the past year has been surrounding Internet video and programming, led by pioneer Web sites YouTube and MySpace, where anyone and everyone can post almost anything and everything in the way of video — from amateur home movies to excerpts of ancient TV series like "Charlie's Angels."
The fact that Google paid $1.65 billion to buy the zero-profit YouTube and Time magazine chose "You" (as in, you the Internet user and original content creator) as Person of the Year highlight just how crucial cyberspace has become.
Further evidence can be found in CBS's broadband channel called Innertube, launched in the spring, and plans for a scripted program to run on it called "The Good Life" with 18-year-old former "Arrested Development" star Michael Cera, who will produce, write and star in the show.
Though the network wouldn't reveal how much dough it shelled out in the deal, announced in late November, it is reportedly the most expensive broadband project ever, according to E! News commentator Kristin Veitch, who writes the "Watch With Kristin" TV column for E! Online.
"They're paying a lot more for this than what people would pay for something Web-based even six months ago," Veitch said. "There are a couple of broadband projects these networks are fighting over in the way they used to fight over scripted programming.
"The directive for network executives is to find a way to get the YouTube and MySpace audience to click on their network Web sites."
In fact, the Internet is literally shaping the entertainment industry today.
"The Internet is huge right now in terms of directing what's happening," said Annie Barrett, an associate editor at EW.com, the Web site for Entertainment Weekly magazine. "It's much more influential today."
It's so huge and influential that it's breeding its own set of celebrities who have become famous solely because of their work online.
Take the much written-about, talked-about, blogged-about "Lonelygirl15" — an Internet reality show of sorts shot in Web-cam style about the fictional trials and tribulations of an angst-ridden adolescent.
Lonelygirl herself — a character named Bree — is played by actress Jessica Rose and filmed not in a teenage girl's bedroom but in co-creator Mesh Flinders' apartment, arranged to look like a teenage girl's bedroom.
When the first 2-minute clip was posted in June, it was made to look like a real Web cam of a real 15-year-old. Though many fans were suspicious about her authenticity, Lonelygirl wasn't officially outed as a fantasy until September — but that only made her popularity soar even more.
Today, the videos, which run two to three times a week, can count on at least 300,000 viewers a pop. And Lonelygirl has been featured everywhere from Wired magazine (sprawling in that innocent-yet-sex-kittenish kind of way on the cover of its December issue) to The New York Times.
"The Web isn't just a support system for hit TV shows," Lonelygirl's other creator, Miles Beckett, explained to Wired. "It's a new medium. It requires new storytelling techniques ... You make movies for the big screen, sitcoms for TV and something else entirely for the Internet. That's the lesson of Lonelygirl15."
Even more jarring, perhaps, is the example of the TV show pilot turned Web cult hit turned possible TV series known as "Nobody's Watching."
The brainchild of "Scrubs" creator Bill Lawrence, it's a sitcom within a fictional reality show within a fictional sitcom — are you following so far? — about a pair of friends, Will and Derrick (played by improv actors Paul Johnson and Taran Killam), who share one thing in common. Well, two things: Their love of the sitcoms of yore and their disgust with the networks' lame contributions to the genre in recent years.
So they pound the TV land pavement armed with a pitch to do their own sitcom and film the experience.
NBC expressed early interest in the project, but nixed it. Then the WB latched on, coming very close to adding "Nobody's Watching" to its lineup before also ditching it in the 11th hour, much to Lawrence's chagrin. Execs were worried that the show-within-a-show premise was too confusing.
But hundreds of thousands of viewers proved them wrong. When the pilot somehow wound up on YouTube, it drew swarms of fans, translating into big viewership numbers — close to half a million have downloaded it — and so much attention that NBC is now reconsidering whether to write "Nobody's Watching" into its schedule.
"One of the biggest success stories of YouTube is 'Nobody's Watching,'" said Veitch. "That was one of the main shows people were clicking onto YouTube to watch."
Aside from showcasing the impact of YouTube on today's entertainment, "Nobody's Watching" brings two other issues the industry is facing to the forefront: the state of the sitcom and the still-popular entity known as reality TV.
Characters Will and Derrick take pot-shots at specific sitcoms they blame for the downfall of the genre, namely "According to Jim," "Yes, Dear" and "Coach," among others.
And by having the characters film their quest to come up with a new and better TV comedy, the creators of "Nobody's Watching" are also playing into the networks' continued focus on — and investment in — the reality format.
"We have definitely seen the demise of the sitcom as we know it," Veitch said. "Six people sitting on a couch with a laugh track in the background is no longer working for the younger generation. It feels old and tired and 'been there, done that.'"
NBC recently announced plans to yank comedies from its prime-time programming and fill those slots with reality, reality, reality — which these days more often than not means game shows such as "Deal or No Deal" more than it does "traditional" fare like "Survivor," "Big Brother" and "The Bachelor."
But faster than you can say "Will you accept this rose?" the network veered off in the opposite direction, going back on its own word with the same sort of all-comedy Thursday night it had in the "Must-See NBC TV" days — when the likes of "Seinfeld," "Friends," "Will & Grace" and "Frasier" graced its airwaves back-to-back and garnered huge ratings.
This time, NBC is trying "My Name Is Earl," "The Office," "Scrubs" and "30 Rock" together. Could it be that the sitcom isn't dead after all?
"I would not say the networks are letting the sitcom die," said Barrett. "The concept of the sitcom has changed ... They're a little quirkier, they're more realistic and there's a lot of improvisation going on."
Many of them are also single-camera comedies, shot with only one camera like a movie, as opposed to traditional sitcoms, shot on stage-like sets with several cameras running at once. Single cameras allow a greater variety of angles and settings, and the shows can resemble home movies or amateur video.
Some new comedies aren't comedies at all, really, but rather wit-infused dramas or dramedies. Case in point: ABC's hit new show "Ugly Betty."
Barrett said the newer, morphed comedies might not have as wide an audience, but they're better than the more canned variety of the past.
"They're not taunting the viewers [with laugh tracks]. These shows end up feeling a lot smarter," she said. "They might not appeal to as many people, but those who know what good TV is will keep tuning in."
Whatever the future holds, those in show business seem to be indecisive at best and panicky at worst because of the unpredictable way and rapid pace at which the whole picture is changing. Lately, it seems as though entertainment is trying to find itself yet again.
"Across the board, the entertainment industry has got a feel of desperation," Thompson said. "We are on the cusp of a potentially cataclysmic revolution."
MySpace is owned by News Corp., which is also the parent of FOXNews.com. | <urn:uuid:135123f8-c0b8-44c0-a811-95765c05177d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.foxnews.com/story/2007/01/03/in-age-reality-tv-and-youtube-show-biz-tries-to-find-itself-again.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00161-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972229 | 1,953 | 1.515625 | 2 |
How Did the States in the USA Get Their Names?
Reader Adam from Fairfax, Virginia, wrote in to ask, "How did the US states get their names?" This week, we'll be tackling the origins and meanings of the names, 10 states at a time. Let's kick things off with Alabama through Georgia.
Before Europeans landed on American shores, the upper stretches of the Alabama River in present-day Alabama used to be the home lands of a Native American tribe called – drum roll, please – the Alabama (Albaamaha in their own tribal language). The river and the state both take their names from the tribe, that's clear enough, but the meaning of the name was another matter. Despite a wealth of recorded encounters with the tribe – Hernando de Soto was the first to make contact with them, followed by other Spanish, French and British explorers and settlers (who referred to the tribe, variously, as the Albama, Alebamon, Alibama, Alibamou, Alibamon, Alabamu, Allibamou, Alibamo and Alibamu) – there are no explanations of the name's meaning in the accounts of early explorers, so if the Europeans asked, they don't appear to have gotten an answer. An un-bylined article in the July 27, 1842 edition of the Jacksonville Republican put forth the idea that the word meant “here we rest.” Alexander Beaufort Meek, who served as the Attorney General of Alabama, Assistant Secretary of the U.S. Treasury and the President of the First American Chess Congress, popularized this theory in his writings throughout the next decade.
The rub, of course, is that experts in the Alabama language have never been able to find any evidence to support that translation. What they did find are two words in the Choctaw language (both tribes' languages are in the Muskogean language family), alba (“plants” or “weeds”) and amo (“to cut” or “to gather”), that together make Albaamo, or “plant gatherers.” We also know that the Alabama referred to a member of their tribe as an Albaamo, cleared land and practiced agriculture largely without tools and by hand and had contact with the neighboring Choctaws. Today, the prevailing theory is that the phrase was used by the Choctaws to describe their neighbors and the Alabama eventually adopted it as their own.
Like Alabama (and, as we'll see, plenty of other state names), the name Alaska comes from the language of the area's indigenous people. The Aleuts (a name given to them by Russian fur traders in the mid 18th century; they used to, and sometimes still do, call themselves the Unangan), natives of the Aleutian Islands, referred to the Alaskan Peninsula and the mainland as alaxsxaq (ah-lock-shock), literally, “the object toward which the action of the sea is directed.”
There are two sides in the argument over the origin of Arizona's name. One side says that the name comes from the Basque aritz onak (“good oak”) and was applied to the territory because the oak trees reminded the Basque settlers in the area of their homeland. The other side says that the name comes from the Spanish Arizonac, which was derived from the O'odham (the language of the native Pima people) word ali ?ona-g (“having a little spring”), which might refer to actual springs or a site near rich veins of silver discovered in 1736. For what it's worth, official Arizona state historian Marshall Trimble had supported the latter explanation but for now favors the former.
The first Europeans to arrive in the area of present-day Arkansas were French explorers accompanied by Illinois Indian guides. The Illinois referred to the Ugakhpa people native to the region as the Akansa (“wind people” or “people of the south wind”), which the French adopted and pronounced with an r. They added an s to the end for pluralization, and for some reason it stuck when the word was adopted as the state's name. The pronunciation of Arkansas was a matter of debate (Ar-ken-saw vs. Ar-kan-zes) until it was officially decided by an act of the state legislature in 1881.
California existed in European literature way before Europeans settled the Western U.S. It wasn't a state filled with vineyards and movie stars, but an island in the West Indies filled with gold and women. The fictional paradise, first mentioned in the early 1500s by Spanish author Garci Ordóñez de Montalvo in his novel Las Sergas de Esplandián, is ruled by Queen Califia and “inhabited by black women, without a single man among them, [living in] the manner of Amazons.” The island is said to be “one of the wildest in the world on account of the bold and craggy rocks... everywhere abounds with gold and precious stones” and is home to griffins and other mythical beasts.
While there is some consensus that the area was named for the fictional island, scholars have also suggested that the name comes from the Catalan words calor (“hot”) and forn (“oven”) or from a Native America phrase, kali forno (“high hill”).
Colorado is a Spanish adjective that means “red.” The early Spanish explorers in the Rocky Mountain region named a river they found the Rio Colorado for the reddish silt that the water carried down from the mountains. When Colorado became a territory in 1861, the Spanish word was used as a name because it was commonly thought that the Rio Colorado originated in the territory. This was not the case, however. Prior to 1921, the Colorado River began where the Green River of Utah and the Grand River of Colorado converged outside of Moab, Utah, and the United States Geological Survey identified Green River of Wyoming as the Colorado's actual headwaters. The Rio Colorado did not actually flow through Colorado until 1921, when House Joint Resolution 460 of the 66th United States Congress changed the name of the Grand River.
The state is named after the Connecticut River, which was named quinnitukqut by the Mohegans who lived in the eastern upper Thames valley. In their Algonquian language, the word means “long river place” or “beside the long tidal river.”
Delaware is named for the Delaware River and Delaware Bay. These, in turn, were named for Sir Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr, the first colonial governor of Virginia, who traveled the river in 1610. The title is likely ultimately derived from the Old French de la werre (“of the war” or a warrior).
Six days after Easter in 1513, the Spanish conquistador Juan Ponce de León landed near what is now the city of Saint Augustine. In honor of the holiday and the area's plant life, he named the land Florida for the Spanish phrase for the Easter season, pascua florida (“feast of flowers”). The name is the oldest surviving European place-name in the U.S.
In the early 18th century, the British Parliament assigned a committee to investigate the conditions of the country's debtor prisons and didn't like what they found. A group of philanthropists concerned with the plight of debtors proposed the creation of a colony in North America where the “worthy poor” could get back on their feet and be productive citizens again. Their plan ultimately didn't pan out as the colony wasn't settled by debtors, but the trustees of the colony still wanted to thank King George II for granting their charter, so they named the place after him.
(Bonus: The nation of Georgia is supposedly called so because its inhabitants revere St. George and feature his cross on their flag, though Georgians refer to themselves as Kartvelebi and their country as Sakartvelo.) | <urn:uuid:66e28f34-791e-49ca-888b-4ba96ecd7c14> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://mentalfloss.com/article/25753/how-did-states-usa-get-their-names | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00435-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968812 | 1,712 | 3.859375 | 4 |
Just Because It’s Called Access Services Doesn’t Mean They Can Access It! What Usability Testing of Library Systems Reveals About Access Services Websites
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At Cornell University Library (CUL) the majority of tests conducted by the CUL Usability Group focus on assessing student interaction with research-related systems (finding books in the catalog, locating articles, etc.), while few address the findability of access services information. To measure the usability of access services web content, I drew on two sources of data: chat reference transcripts and existing usability tests of CUL websites. This presentation will outline the results of my research and illustrate how users are locating and interpreting access services information. | <urn:uuid:3f7e6eb3-272d-4162-a3d2-f3306efe2ea0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://smartech.gatech.edu/handle/1853/46154 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00273-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.84414 | 145 | 1.664063 | 2 |
About one million people have already signed up for Affordable Care Act coverage on the federal exchange after President Joe Biden launched a special open enrollment period amid the coronavirus pandemic, CNN reports.
Former President Donald Trump refused to agree to a special enrollment period despite the pandemic but many Americans quickly jumped on the change when the new administration reversed course.
"That’s one million more Americans who now have the peace of mind that comes from having health insurance," Biden said in a statement.
"Since it became law more than a decade ago, the Affordable Care Act has been a lifeline for millions of Americans. The pandemic has demonstrated how badly it is needed, and how critical it is that we continue to improve upon it," he added. "Through this opportunity for special enrollment, we have made enormous progress in expanding access to health insurance."
The open enrollment period will stretch until August 15.
A key lifeline:
The federal exchange is usually open for enrollment for about six weeks at the end of each year.
Though those that lost their jobs were eligible to enroll in Affordable Care Act coverage, the new special enrollment period allows anyone to sign up for health coverage amid the pandemic.
The 14 states that run their own state exchanges have also reopened enrollment.
When including the new sign-ups on those exchanges, the number of Americans newly getting ACA coverage is about 1.5 million.
The administration hopes that number makes a dent in the uninsured rate, which rose under Trump after declining dramatically under Obama.
All ACA customers will now be eligible for boosted subsidies after Biden signed the American Rescue Plan this spring.
The two-year plan reduces monthly premiums by over 40% on average, from $100 per month to $57.
Those enrolled in the ACA will pay no more than 8.5% of their income for coverage, down from nearly 10%. Lower-income individuals get additional subsidies that may eliminate their premiums completely.
The law also raises the subsidy income cap to $51,000 for individuals and $104,800 for a family of four.
Biden has since introduced the American Families Plan, which would make the new subsidies permanent. | <urn:uuid:823ff804-7681-4e2a-bdf8-119783d18666> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.trigtent.com/usa/1-million-americans-sign-obamacare-after-biden-reopens-exchange-shuttered-under-trump | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571987.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813202507-20220813232507-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.964111 | 447 | 2.046875 | 2 |
FORA.tv Speaker - Thomas Stocker
Thomas Stocker was born in Zürich, Switzerland, and obtained a Ph.D. in Natural Sciences from ETH Zürich in 1987. He held research positions at University College London, McGill University (Montreal), Columbia University (New York), and University of Hawai'i (Honolulu). Since 1993 he has been a Professor of Climate and Environmental Physics at the University of Bern, in Switzerland, and in 2008 he was elected Co-Chair of Working Group I "The Physical Science Basis" of the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
12.13.13 | 01:26:22 min
| 0 comments | <urn:uuid:1d766929-1553-49a6-a861-93b8a6505785> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://library.fora.tv/speaker/19719/Thomas_Stocker | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00183-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.914727 | 142 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Jean-Christophe Marine strongly argues against the use of Cop1-inhibitory drugs. The protein Cop1 has –for a long time - been seen as an attractive drug target for cancer. But Jean-Christophe Marine found out that Cop1 acts as a tumor suppressor, and thus inhibits tumor formation. His new data will have direct implications for the development of cancer drug targets.
Tumorigenesis: loss of control
Tumors form when control over the cell division is lost; a process that could be compared to losing control over the speed of your car. Two main players are involved; oncogenes which could be compared to the gas pedal of the car. A defective oncogene would be analogous to a gas pedal that is stuck in the 'on' position. In such a situation the tumor suppressor genes function as the brakes of the car - they keep the cell from dividing even in response to oncogene activation. If the brakes fail, the car goes out of control; similarly, when something goes wrong with the tumor suppressor genes, cell division gets out of control.
Cop1: brake or gas pedal?
Although Cop1 has been implicated in tumorigenesis, its precise role has remained a conundrum. Biochemical studies had shown that Cop1 promotes the degradation of target proteins. These studies, however, have yielded conflicting results leaving an open question as to whether Cop1 degrade tumor suppressors or oncogenes.
Several studies have indeed indicated that Cop1 favors tumorigenesis by inactivating one of the key tumor suppressors, p53. Accordingly, Cop1 overexpression was reported in breast and ovarian adenocarcinomas. Cop1 was therefore considered to be an oncogene and an attractive drug target for cancer therapy.
Solving the Cop1 puzzle has major implications for cancer drug development
Jean-Christophe Marine and his team now show that it is quite the opposite, namely that Cop1 functions as a tumor suppressor. Using an innovative mouse genetic engineering approach the VIB scientists generated Cop1-deficient mice. They show that these mice are highly tumor prone. They also show that Cop1 regulates the stability of the oncogene c-Jun and that deficiency of Cop1 stimulates cell proliferation of mouse and human cancer cells. In keeping with these data, they provide evidence that Cop1 expression is lost in various human cancers. Crucially for cancer therapy, they could find no evidence for the previously suggested role of Cop1 in the regulation of the tumor suppressor p53.
Jean-Christophe Marine: ‘Our findings strongly argue against the use of Cop1-inhibitory drugs in cancer therapy.’
Considering that this research may raise many questions from patients, we would like to request that in your report or article, you refer to the e-mail address VIB makes available for these questions. Everyone is welcome to send questions about our research to: patienteninfo*Replace*With*At*Sign*vib.be
Cop1 Constitutively Regulates c-Jun Protein stability and Functions as a Tumor suppressor in Mice, Journal of Clinical Investigation, Migliorini et al.
This research has been funded by: Association for International Cancer Research (rebranded to Worldwide Cancer Research
), « Belgian Foundation against Cancer», Ghent University and VIB | <urn:uuid:b1a4f388-a76e-4509-9579-d8445a2e217a> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.vib.be/en/news/Pages/New-insights-into-cancer-treatment.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718278.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00241-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.933263 | 695 | 2.984375 | 3 |
Reading Time: 2 minutes
The World Bank has approved a grant of $138 million for the Electricity Sector Strengthening and Access Project (PARSE) in the Central African Republic (CAR). The funding is intended to support an electrification project based on renewable energies, particularly through solar-powered systems.
The subsidiary of the World Bank Group, the International Development Association (IDA), will be providing $83 million in funding. The Green Climate Fund (GCF), the fund established within the UNFCCC framework, is contributing $30 million. The World Bank is adding another $25 million to these funds as “private financing”.
The objective of the PARSE project is to increase the supply and access to clean electricity services in the Central African Republic through investments in production and transmission infrastructure.
According to Han Fraeters, the World Bank Country Manager for the CAR, the project is developed on the achievements of the PURACEL (Emergency Electricity Access Project) and PASEEL (Water and Electricity Services Improvement Project). It will promote the provision of off-grid solar-powered systems for public infrastructures and agricultural purposes.
The PARSE project supports solar generation and distribution network upgrades for the integration of renewable energies. This will provide the supply and installation of five solar mini-grids in the cities of Nola, Bouar, Bossembélé, and Bangassou. With a total capacity of 10 MW, the mini-grids will serve 20,000 households in these localities.
In addition, the government has planned to strengthen the transmission network through the expansion of the Danzi solar PV power plant from 25 to 40 MWp. The construction of this solar plant facility has officially been under construction on a 10-hectare plot of land near Bangui, since June 2021.
According to the World Bank’s data, only 15.5% of the Central African population has access to electricity, out of an estimated population of nearly 5 million. The situation is even worse in the rural areas where only 2.3% of the population has access to this essential service. The country needs electrification program with substantial funding like PARSE to get out of this energy insecurity. | <urn:uuid:09140609-308e-4d70-8923-dd15a2d41f49> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://solarquarter.com/2022/07/15/electrification-program-in-central-african-republic-receives-138-million-to-support-solar-energy-projects/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00669.warc.gz | en | 0.921036 | 451 | 2.125 | 2 |
The porcupine's first appearance is when he finds out Bambi and his friends are about to cross the bridge. The porcupine pops out and scares them away. When Bambi goes up to the porcupine to frighten him away, he yells, "Get off of my property, you pesky squirrel!" Bambi jumps over the porcupine, but the porcupine doesn't give up. He uses his quills to chase Bambi and attack him. The porcupine misses and lands on a log, where he stands on both legs again and growls. Bambi goes down to the trap door of a log and flings the porcupine up like a seesaw. He lands on Bambi's rear and pricks him, and Bambi jumps off the log to the lake.
In his second appearance, while Bambi is being chased by the Hunter Dogs, he attracts the porcupine's attention, stomping on top his log. The porcupine pops up and prepares to attack Bambi again. However, Bambi pushes the log down, catapulting the porcupine up into the air, where he lands on one of the dogs' rears and falls out of the log to the lake. The porcupine then lands inside the log and becomes stuck again.
In the final climax of the film, he is seen again with other animals to hear Thumper's story about Bambi who attacked the dogs. Bambi becomes shy and walks away from Faline when she moves closer to him. However, the porcupine uses his quills to prick Bambi, and he jumps forward to Faline and kisses her. When Bambi leaves with his father, the porcupine waves goodbye with the other animals.
- The Porcupine is very similar to Mr. Digger from the The Fox and the Hound: they both have a grumpy attitude and are both disturbed from their slumber by the main protagonist of their respective films. | <urn:uuid:25fd746c-640e-4f7c-955d-797fd6238ac2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://villains.wikia.com/wiki/Porcupine_(Disney) | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00394-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971537 | 420 | 2.46875 | 2 |
Cultural Anthropology 2013: Human Nature & Public Debates
It was a great honor and privilege to be invited to deliver the Cultural Anthropology overview for the Five Fields Update sponsored by the Society for Anthropology in Community Colleges. Special thanks to Laura T. González for organizing, and to fellow panelists Barbara J. King, Bob Muckle, Steven P. Black, and Alisse Waterston. Below is my presentation, a draft of what became a publication in Teaching Anthropology: SACC Notes.
Back to Human Nature: Jared Diamond, Napoleon Chagnon, Steven Pinker
With the publication of Jared Diamond’s The World Until Yesterday, which not only drew on Napoleon Chagnon, but was closely followed by Chagnon’s own memoir, Noble Savages, some of the big issues of anthropology were thrown back into the public sphere–what is human nature? What is the influence of culture? And, with the images of Newtown, long-running military action in Afghanistan and the prospects of military strikes in Syria, the question of the naturalness of human violence and the influence of Steven Pinker, a big supporter and promoter of both Chagnon and Diamond, looms large.
And so as we enter our classrooms, every term of cultural anthropology is already up for debate, hashed out in Op-Eds and ever-proliferating blog-posts. At one point in time, the professor could maintain, at least for a short window, the aura of the local expert. Armed with a book and an authoritative voice, you could probably convince them that your ideas about culture and cultural relativism were most important, because: Yes this will be on the exam. While some of that is still possible today–only about five percent of my students say they’ve heard of Jared Diamond, and I still write the exams–the fact is that anyone with a smartphone can be looking up the keywords from the lecture, or tweet out real-time misinformation on the #AAA2013 hashtag. Just this week, a link to my link of Diamond reviews garnered over 200 comments, and over 600 hits back to my website from Metafilter, which was new to me but is apparently cool.
What do you do when you know anthropology is still the best way to understand the world, but every anthropological term is up for debate?
My own approach has been to ease open the classroom door just a bit. I’m not ready to put a twitter stream up on the big screen, but I have been starting to preview a lecture with a blog-post, then ask students to comment via social media. What’s been most interesting about that is how this tends to crowdsource the lecture. Even though the comments come mostly from other anthropologists and professors, it becomes obvious (sometimes in ways that are more painful than others), that I may not have all the truths in the room. I do, of course, worry that the students are not any more engaged, and that they view these efforts as more things to not read. It’s also a lot of work! However, it seems that if we want to model how students we engage with the counter-arguments, then we a bit of exposure to the cacophony of voices.
The other great thing about this experience is tapping into anthropologists who have a public presence, and have often been involved in critiquing some of the worst interpretations about others. There are a lot of great books out there, and though I hesitate to mention any because I’ll be leaving out someone else, here are a few I’ve been teaching, been looking forward to reading, or are books I’ve found from reading those who have columns, blogs, or reviews of other work.
- Lila Abu-Lughod, Do Muslim Women Need Saving? Abu-Lughod’s article titled Do Muslim Women Really Need Saving? (2002) has been on my must-teach list since it came out, and it speaks to one of the most pressing issues of our time, the need to disaggregate the false images and blanket-statements about Muslims. The original article was written before Iraq, and this is a much-welcome update.
- Paul Stoller, The Power of the Between: An Anthropological Odyssey. Stoller is a veteran anthropologist and has begun writing for the Huffington Post. He has a keen sense of the public face of anthropology as well as an eye and ear for good stories and good music. Stoller offers a way to think differently about Africa, about not just a tragic frame but the vibrancy of life, creativity, and what anthropology can do in that world. Also loved his take on Narrative and the Future of the Social Sciences.
- Rachel Newcomb, Women of Fes: Ambiguities of Urban Life in Morocco. I first discovered Newcomb’s work from her bang-up review of Chagnon. Like the previous authors, Newcomb provides a way to disaggregate stereotypes about others with personality and humor. Newcomb has also been writing for the Huffington Post and guest blogging at Savage Minds.
- John Hartigan’s edited volume Anthropology of Race: Genes, Biology, and Culture speaks to an opening space of collaboration across biological and cultural anthropology, re-examining the issue of race and even with suggestions about how to re-write the AAA Statement on Race.
- Eduardo Kohn, How Forests Think: Toward an Anthropology Beyond the Human. Kohn’s work offers a way to reconsider how we live in a sentient universe, with crucial implications for the care of our earth. Kohn was also one of Barbara J. King’s favorites.
Now more than ever anthropologists are doing work that explains the world, better than those in other discipline. As Rick Salutin put it in the Toronto Star, “I keep encountering anthropologists who help more in understanding how the world works today than other experts do, even in their own fields.” Anthropologists explain economics better than the economists, politics better than the political scientists, and have qualitative and quantitative expertise on issues like immigration which is simply unmatched. Certainly there are issues that could use more anthropological attention–gun reform comes to mind–and there are a lot of places in which anthropology still needs to get rid “of some of its shyness and spells out its stakes for a wider audience” (Trouillot 2003:137), but in general we’ve come a long way.
Also this year, the Society for Economic Anthropology joined the American Anthropological Association. It’s an important step–it demonstrates how the prevalent idea that people or groups or sections are fleeing the AAA is probably the opposite of what is going on. This join-up is particularly important because it integrates a group that focuses on empirical data measures and tends to enjoy quantification.
And so, we continue to have a growing discipline, with anthropologists who are well-positioned to confront and explain the changes of our times. Although there have been recent calls to centralize our public efforts, or be more public, my contention would be that basically this public anthropology blogosphere is already here, featuring a wide range of writings, a wide range of perspectives, and a way to stay on top of anthropology with simply a list of anthropology blogs or an RSS aggregator.
Anthropology as Artisans
Of course, this is not to say that all is well or that the discipline does not face incredible perils. Having recently (thank goodness!) just completed a manuscript draft with my colleague Rudi Colloredo-Mansfeld on artisan economies in the northern Andes, it is interesting to cross this with Tim Ingold’s statements that anthropology is essentially an artisan craft, drawing on C. Wright Mills and the notion of intellectual craftsmanship.
If we think of anthropology as artisan craft–and I admit that may be difficult when surrounded by 7000 anthropologists in Chicago–it may help us realize that anthropology is far from doomed. Like the Andean artisans who were supposed to be eliminated by industrialization but now have inhabited and re-appropriated the post-industrial relics of development and modernization projects–what Rudi and I call the “invasive economies” of contemporary artisans–anthropology is poised to face the challenges resulting from the post-industrial face of higher education. Inhabiting the crevices of community colleges, joint departments, interdisciplinary outliers, combining applied work and non-traditional activities, anthropologists have long been in a must-make-do situation.
However, like the Andean artisans we study, while we can admire their craft, industriousness, and market acumen, we must be aware that being an artisan is not–as pundits like Thomas Friedman would have it–a solution to the problem of stagnant wages and the collapse of stable employment. Rather, there is the constant risk of artisan bid-down, a churning competition which results in meager earnings, no benefits, no security: exactly what we see for current trends in adjunct labor. Artisans can be rapidly displaced and replaced, vulnerable to the same invasive economies that made their work possible in the first place.
Moreover, we’ve discovered that these new artisan economies are very much structured by a winner-take-all payout system. Even within small communities of seemingly homogeneous artisan workshops, a few fortunate entrants end up with the bulk of the winnings. From faja belt-weavers to Tigua painters, earnings concentrate in a big pay-out, which somewhat paradoxically encourages a much larger group of artisans to keep on toiling. Keeping an at-least part-time artisan operation going is a chance to tap the cash. Or, in academic lingo: Was that a tenure-track position that just went by?
This reality becomes all the more salient when we return to the anthropology blogosphere and the Twitter stream. The emergence of the internet has paralleled the winner-take-all economy, and although there are new entrants and new claimants, it continues to be structured along traffic patterns in which the top sites get almost all the traffic. Anthropology must be honest that in our move to the blogosphere, we are potentially setting the stage for a new reality of internet-Twitter stardom.
This then, takes us back to people like Jared Diamond and Steven Pinker who inhabit and dominate this academia-and-new-media space, leveraging the toehold of positioning in a science field in order to become pop-critics of everything. We step into a space in which the debates about human nature are themselves conducted as winner-take-all payouts.
Nevertheless, as with Andean artisans, such competition and earnings structures need not be cause for despair. Among these artisans, we saw glimpses, sometimes fleeting, sometimes more durable, of ways in which artisans were able to fashion a public economy, or in other cases, an economy with identity. We can similarly be encouraged by a revival of debate and good writing within cultural anthropology, cross-cutting with new links to an integrative five-field anthropology.
As Tim Ingold has recently enjoined us:
We should spend less time just talking to ourselves. Anthropology is still notably absent from the big public debates surrounding the past, present and future of humanity, the sustainability of life and the environment, and so on. . . . Thus while the internal debate about anthropology’s theoretical and intellectual foundations has indeed been revitalized, we now need to take the debate “out of doors,” and to engage with much wider interdisciplinary and lay audiences. That’s our task for the next decades.
Please join in taking anthropology out-of-doors, taking our teaching out-of-doors, something that the Society for Anthropology in Community Colleges has already been doing for longer and with greater commitment than me. I thank them for this invitation. | <urn:uuid:b3e58246-2bd6-4fe6-89c7-39163f135a6d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://anthropologyreport.com/cultural-anthropology/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00221-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951946 | 2,471 | 1.851563 | 2 |
How to become a compassionate and efficient Integrity Bondsman
A professional bail bondsman of high quality must have a great heart for his clients. He must communicate effectively and be able to assist the person who is in a state of distress. His clients will trust him if he is compassionate. These are some tips to make you a better bail bondperson.
Bail bond officers must demonstrate compassion
You must demonstrate compassion and empathy when dealing with clients as a bail bondman. Be aware that each person is unique and it's impossible to anticipate the needs of each client. You have to address every client with empathy and compassion regardless of how challenging their case may be. This should be taken into account and you should be as precise and knowledgeable as you can.
You assist clients in emergency circumstances as a bail bondman. You must be able and able to empathize with your customers to do this job well. It is crucial to to put yourself in the shoes of your clients and be able to understand their needs. This is a crucial quality for any bail bondman and is a skill which not every employee have. A good bail bondman should be able to feel empathy for his customers and respect their needs and desires.
Be a good communicator
Effective communication is an essential element of the work description for integrity bondsmen. When you are communicating with others, consider the audience that you are communicating with. Do you send an official email or do you talk by phone or video conferences? It is possible to connect with colleagues across the world via instant messaging. The process will be more relaxed if everyone follows the appropriate communication method.
The ability to communicate effectively is only possible when you possess excellent communication abilities. A skilled communicator can listen to others and does not make assumptions, or giving suggestions. Instead, they take in what other people have to say, and make decisions based on a thorough comprehension of the issue. They are willing to ask questions when they require clarification, and they adjust their speaking style accordingly. Their genuineness and motivation are what enable them to convince others.
You'll be able to earn respect and confidence from your clients when you're a great listener. Listening is like trampolines. People feel more relaxed when they can hear what others are talking about. They don't just listen to the words of someone else as a given, they're in support and can give them the height and energy. Listening is like taking on a new sport. Being able to listen well can make someone feel comfortable and confident enough to express their opinions with you.
When listening, we learn something new. People's opinions as well as their experiences and viewpoints. We learn from each other when we listen with an open heart. Emotional intelligence is the ability to understand and listen to others. A great listener questions beliefs and is eager to know more. Two-way dialogues are the best method to engage in meaningful conversations. You should not only understand the other person's point perspective, but also provide helpful and helpful suggestions.
500 N Greensboro St, Liberty, NC 27298, United States | <urn:uuid:c328aedd-2cbc-490e-8336-639d05098b7b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://toptribune.com/2022/08/05/how-to-become-a-compassionate-and-efficient-integrity-bondsman | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00674.warc.gz | en | 0.959989 | 655 | 1.5625 | 2 |
China is set to sign an agreement to buy $1 billion worth of agricultural crops from the Philippines starting this year, Trade Secretary Ramon Lopez said Wednesday.
Lopez said the agreement would be signed mid-March in time for the state visit of China Vice Premier Wang Yang.
“I believe they are interested to buy most of our agricultural products. It might as well be the entire tariff line,” Lopez said, adding that the agreement was a part of the Joint Commission on Economic and Trade Cooperation signed by the two countries in Manila Tuesday.
China expressed interest to import durian, avocado, banana, pineapple, coconut, mango, dragon fruit, mangosteen, marang, cacao, rice and coffee.
It is also keen on buying Philippine poultry such as duck and chicken as well as fishery products.
Ministry of Commerce Minister Zhong Shan said the Chinese government would donate $1 million for the rehabilitation of earthquake-stricken Surigao.
China also committed to provide the Philippine government $3.4-billion credit facility to finance major infrastructure projects critical to push economic growth.
Meanwhile, the Trade Department opened Wednesday the first of the three-day Asean Economic Ministers Meeting in Pasay City.
Lopez said the Trade Department, as the lead agency for this year’s meeting, would promote one of the current thematic priorities of the bloc on “inclusive, innovation-led growth” for shared prosperity. The other two pillars touch on politico-security and socio-cultural.
The secretariat identified increasing trade and investment, integrating the micro, small and medium enterprises in the global value chain and developing an innovation-driven economy as among the priorities of the summit.
“Our strategic measures are consistent with our current agenda to promote employment and entrepreneurship. The AEM is an excellent platform to push for the country’s core thrusts on trade and investment, MSME development and innovation,” said Lopez. | <urn:uuid:c0a17560-c9b0-490a-aedd-6f34f5294b69> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.manilastandard.net/business/csr-mining/231265/china-buying-1b-worth-of-ph-crops.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572021.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814083156-20220814113156-00070.warc.gz | en | 0.946628 | 406 | 1.578125 | 2 |
“There is no true healing unless there is a change in outlook, peace of mind and inner happiness.” – Dr. Edward Bach
The essences' big source of inspiration is the butiazal (a big quantity of jelly palm grove, the fruit of the trees are small and orange and the name in portuguese is butiá) located in the municipal district of Tapes - RS, Brazil. This butiazal seems to be dislocated from the scenario of Rio Grande do Sul state, like a "strange land". The vegetation reminds a tropical climate place and jelly palms mediated by cactus mostly compose it. In some points one will also find native trees like Brazilian hickory and fig trees. There are ferns, bromeliads and native orchids living in beautiful harmony on the jelly palms. In summer, from the sandy soil, it seems to bud a Senegalese heat.
In former days the jelly palms were used as raw material to make rough cloths used in upholstery, but with the advent of the foams, its manufacture became obsolete and anti-economic. Today the place is used for the cattle. As it is forbidden to hunt and the water is abundant, many animals make this place their home, including the ones with migratory habits. There one can find birds, such as: swallows, jabiru storks, owls, monk parrots, herons, rheas, spoon-bills, southern lapwing, sea-mews, oven-birds, water-hens; and capybaras, tamanduas, opossums, fox wolves, coypus, lizards, alligators, turtles, and fishes.
In economical terms this region is known for its cultivation of rice and cattle raising, the soil is sandy and its fertility is low. Although it is far from the ocean, this region is a shoal. In ecological terms shoals are coastal ecosystems, determined physically by the edaphic conditions (sandy soil) and by the marine influence, possessing recent sedimentary origin (beginning of the quaternary period), and the species that live there (fauna and flora) possess mechanisms to endure the dominant physical factors, such as salty soil, extreme temperature, strong presence of wind, lack of water, unstable soil, strong and direct insolation, etc. The shoals aroused with the backward movement of the sea, and till today they are under a dynamic process of mounting-dismounting.
A copse, found near the jelly palm grove, is another place of great energetic power. The copse is over a rocky massif, it is a very old forest that is evolving and transforming. This copse is said to be a haunted place by local population because of the frequent presence of lightning and occasionally the "boitatá" (in tupi-guarani language it is a fire serpent, which is a mythical creature that frightens people) In fact, this is a chemical phenomenon called ignis fatuus. Under the rocks there is an oil pool and under it a subterranean river. The water from this subterranean river is the source of the well. The essences have been prepared with this pure and highly energetic water.
Four essences have been prepared during research trips to an ecological paradise named Fernando de Noronha - PE (Brazil) Larimar, Mabidiana, Enseada dos Golfinhos and Praia do Leão. The essence ‘Āhinahinawas co-created by João Luiz de J. Nunes and it's from Haleakalã National Park in Maui - Hawaii.
Among these places, so different and distant, two strong links are found: the presence of the sea and the fact that they are all "young land". The volcanic islands (Fernando de Noronha and Hawaii) and the shoal are places from recent formation where the wind of the origin, transformation and change are still strongly felt. In BUTIAZAL® Essences this strength from the unconscious and from the origin symbolized by the sea is found. The sea in its backward movement gives the space to the materialization, to the new land, giving opportunity to the strength of the change, the necessary push to the difficult beginnings, the spirit to leave the old rind and go in to the new - the push in the direction of the new era.
The BUTIAZAL® Essences is a system of essences from Rio Grande do Sul, co-created and researched by Carmen Heller Barros and aims to assist in the search for balance and development of beings at all levels (material, emotional, intellectual and spiritual). In connection with this energy-rich paradise called Butiazal, and deeply connected with the region, Carmen heard the call of nature and began co-creating the essences in 1999, today, there are already more than 60 products. The water used to prepare the flowers comes from an underground river in the region. As a sandbank, the Butiazal is under pressure between the sea and the continent and, because it is on the border between two biomes, it has the specificity of being a place of transition, of resistance to extreme conditions of life, therefore its floral system it is very suitable for those who are going through adverse and very difficult situations.
Passionate about nature, Carmen Barros is dedicated to the enhancement and preservation of butiá species in southern Brazil. Floral therapist, researcher and co-creator of BUTIAZAL® Essences. She has been working with essences for over 20 years. She worked as a professional Astrologer for over 25 years and was a professor of Astrology at Unipaz-Sul. Has a degree in Social Sciences and Post-Graduation in History of Brazilian Culture.
it is an Essence System classified as a complementary, non-drug practice, which helps to balance and harmonize the individual. The allusions made to the physical aspects, if any, if are intended to alert the flower essence therapist that that aspect may be associated with a type of suffering of the soul, which is the focus of the System. | <urn:uuid:9c9997b9-9908-4ba1-b923-2d201c25b011> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://butiazal.com.br/en/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00070.warc.gz | en | 0.948105 | 1,279 | 2.609375 | 3 |
On the 800th anniversary of Magna Carta, James Melton reflects on the strength and influence of the legal document, but also its weaknesses and negative aspects.
This article is based on a new volume co-edited by Robert Hazell and James Melton Magna Carta and Its Modern Legacy.
Today Magna Carta (1215) celebrates its 800th birthday. We celebrate this historic event for two reasons. First, the Great Charter is one of the oldest in force legal documents in the world, as four lines from the original charter are still on the statute books in the United Kingdom. Second, and more importantly, Magna Carta has become a symbol of limited government that is recognised all over the world. However, when celebrating the 800th anniversary of Magna Carta’s birth, one should not forget about the 800th anniversary of its death on 24 August 2015. Magna Carta (2015) died when it was annulled by Pope Innocent III, just two months and nine days after it was sealed. The Great Charter was subsequently amended and reissued in 1216, 1217, 1225 and 1297, but its early death serves as a reminder that, in 1215, Magna Carta was a failure. It was completely ignored by King John and, ultimately, led England into the very civil war which it was meant to prevent.
In our new volume, Magna Carta and Its Modern Legacy, Robert Hazell and I have put together a collection of essays that both commemorate Magna Carta’s 800 year history and provide a balanced assessment of the Great Charter’s legacy. The volume is divided into three sections: 1) Magna Carta’s influence in the UK, 2) its influence abroad and 3) 21st century reflection on Magna Carta. While the scholars who have contributed to our volume all recognize the symbolic importance of Magna Carta, they all also realise that many of the claims made about Magna Carta are grossly exaggerated. As a result, the account of Magna Carta told by their chapters is more realistic than the account told by many commentators. Instead of unbridled enthusiasm for the Great Charter, our contributors recognise that its influence has not been wholly positive.
For example, in Chapter 6, Derek O’Brien explains how Magna Carta was used by settlers in the Commonwealth Caribbean to justify the use of slavery. To this day, many commonwealth countries (e.g. New Zealand and many Caribbean nations) claim Magna Carta as part of their legal code. This was no different during the colonial era, when settlers claimed the liberties set forth in Magna Carta as part of their birthright as Englishmen. Dr O’Brien explains how, during the abolition debates in late 18th century England, this birthright was used by proponents of slavery to claim that slaves were similar to the `villeins’ in medieval England, whose liberties were not protected by Magna Carta. They also argued that slaves were the property of their masters, attempting to draw on the sacred place of property rights in both Magna Carta and English law more generally. Such arguments were successful in delaying emancipation in the Commonwealth Caribbean and in securing compensation for slave owners who lost their `property’ after emancipation was achieved in 1833.
Dr. O’Brien is not the only contributor to highlight Magna Carta’s shortcomings. Most chapters in our volume find that the effect of Magna Carta is not as positive as the 800th Anniversary Committee would lead us to believe. For instance, Chapter 4 demonstrates, using polling data, how little UK citizens actually know about Magna Carta. Chapter 7 demonstrates the trouble Pacific Island nations have had living up to Magna Carta’s promise of a timely trial. Chapter 10 argues that the Charter of the Forest, which was sealed in 1217, was more consequential in medieval England than Magna Carta.
The theme which emerges from these chapters is that the Great Charter’s story is complicated. On the one hand, Magna Carta provides hope that citizens can rise up against an oppressive executive. On the other hand, it has frequently been ignored by numerous English Monarchs and sometimes even used to justify egregious human rights abuses. So, at this monumental time in Magna Carta’s history, one should not only celebrate Magna Carta’s birth, but also its death. Its death is important because it serves as a reminder that parchment alone is insufficient to constrain executive authority. It was not sufficient in 1215, when King John ignored the promises he made upon sealing Magna Carta, and by itself, parchment remains unlikely to serve as such a constraint in 2015.
This article originally appeared on CUP’s fifteeneightyfour blog.
About the Author
James Melton is Senior Lecturer in British and Comparative Politics and leads the Comparative Constitutions project at the Constitution Unit. | <urn:uuid:01cdc8ef-e408-43b9-ad44-93cba1f0f6aa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://constitution-unit.com/2015/06/15/celebrating-the-birth-and-death-of-magna-carta/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.965431 | 1,027 | 3.53125 | 4 |
First Copper Alloy 1983-D Cent Found|
January 10, 2013
This article was originally printed in Numismatic News.
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Jeff Young of Ohio appears to be the latest collector to find a heretofore unknown Transitional Error on a Lincoln cent worth $15,000. After years of searching, he is the first to report to Numismatic News an example of a 1983-D cent struck on a pre-1982 (or early 1982) homogeneous 95-percent copper alloy planchet, or what most folks just call a “copper planchet.”
He found it after reading all three editions of a book I co-wrote with Dr. Brian Allen, Strike It Rich With Pocket Change, where we have a listing for what was the only known example of a Philadelphia minted 1983 cent struck on a solid copper alloy planchet. There are now at least two confirmed examples of the latter coin with the second known discovered in 2010 as a direct result of the owner buying our book.
Young said that he paid close attention to our statement near the bottom of the description of the 1983 copper cent, which we added into the second and third editions, where it states, “Of course it goes without saying that this error could have also occurred in the Denver Mint so all 1983-D cents should also be checked.”
Young said that with the support of his wife, Barbara, (who not only puts up with his hobby of searching boxes of circulation change but also counts the coins and wraps them after his searches), that he has been busy cherry-picking circulation change ever since his stepmother found a 1995 doubled-die cent in change in the year of issue (which he parlayed into 47 specimens when he went back to the location where she found it and he was able to buy 50 BU rolls to search).
It was then he realized there is an abundance of errors and varieties in Lincoln series worth searching for. He said that in 2006, the first edition of Strike it Rich With Pocket Change was published and that reference and later editions have been an invaluable help.
He said, “That book prompted me to buy a small scale and I began weighing all 1982-D and 1983 P and D cents.” (No 1982-D Small Date cents in the solid copper alloy are known and is assuredly what Young is looking for there.)
The cents struck from 1963 through about mid 1982 are of a solid brass composition made up of 95 percent copper and 5 percent zinc. They weigh 3.1 grams. The cents struck from about mid 1982 to the present are struck on planchets made up of a solid zinc core (with a trace of copper) that are barrel plated with pure copper and weigh 2.5 grams. The only exceptions are five commemorative Lincoln cent designs struck in 2009 in Philadelphia, Denver and San Francisco. The 209 circulation strikes (Denver and Philadelphia) were struck on copper plated zinc planchets while the Denver and Philadelphia satin finish uncirculated mint set coins and San Francisco proof set collector versions were stuck on traditional solid copper alloy planchets for commemorative purposes (opening up the door for even more errors yet to be found).
The finder of the second example of the 1983 Philadelphia copper cent submitted it to the Professional Coin Grading Service (PCGS) of Newport, Calif, for authentication and encapsulation. They noted on the holder that it was “1983 1c Mint Error/Stk on Pre 1983 CU Plan/Transitional Wrong Plan.” I expect Young’s coin will be designated in the similar manner.
In our book, Allen and I estimated that these could be worth $15,000 or more but that is of course just a guess. Only one coming up for auction will give us some idea of true value.
It should be noted that Young has provided a very convincing story and even more convincing photographs of which we have little doubt as to their accuracy. However, to be sure, Young is going to drive the coin up to me for examination. I will follow up on my findings shortly thereafter.
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Something to add? Notice an error? Comment on this article. | <urn:uuid:1a844b6b-118a-460c-9e81-fc1e679dfb6a> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://numismaster.com/ta/numis/Article.jsp?ArticleId=26364 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720941.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00518-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96065 | 1,090 | 1.921875 | 2 |
Accessing instance outside of creation method
This is my first post. Please forgive me if this sounds ridiculous; I've scoured forums, tutorials and even textbooks, and I think my brain has Java-shaped holes in it because I can't figure this out. This is my problem:
How can I access an instance outside of the method that creates it (ie, access it in the main method in my example below)? Is it possible? I'm guessing it's a question of scope, but beyond that I'm at a loss.
Here is a simple example of what I mean:
Also, how could I access testperson, and its methods, in other non-main methods?
public static void main(String args)
String gender = "Male";
/*This doesn't work. What can I do to access testperson here?*/
public static void testy1(String gender)
Male testperson = new Male();
testperson.setMale("Test Subject Male");
else if (gender.equals("Female"))
Female testperson = new Female();
testperson.setFemale("Test Subject Female");
Help very much appreciated. | <urn:uuid:1e2f9ce9-dcd2-46c3-9d0c-2aafd11d173e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.java-forums.org/new-java/17287-accessing-instance-outside-creation-method-print.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280763.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00511-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.838662 | 241 | 2.078125 | 2 |
CDC recently published data showing how overweight, obesity, and severe obesity rates have changed in America over time and, overall, the data shows that the percentage of obese adults and children in the United States has grown in recent years.
How obesity is changing among US children and adults
The data is based on responses to the 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, as well as historical findings on overweight, obesity, and severe obesity rates in the United States. CDC released two separate reports detailing those changes, with one report focused on U.S. adults ages 20 and older and another report focused on U.S. children ages 2 to 19.
According to CDC, the percentages of overweight, obese, and severely obese children ages 2 through 19 in the United States have generally trended upwards in recent years. For instance, the data shows that the percentage of obese children ages 2 through 19 in the United States increased from 5.2% in 1971-1974 to 19.3% in 2017-2018.
CDC similarly found that the percentages of obese and severely obese adults ages 20 and older in the United States have generally increased in recent years—and that the percentage of obese adults has particularly spiked, growing from 22.9% in 1988-1994 to 42.4% in 2017-2018. However, the percentage of overweight U.S. adults has remained mostly stable, decreasing slightly from 33.1% in 1988-1994 to 30.7% in 2017-2018.
Overweight and obesity rates generally have grown among both boys and girls ages 2 to 19, although rates of obesity and severe obesity are lower among girls than boys, the data shows. Specifically, the data shows that the rate of obesity increased from 5.3% in 1971-1974 to 20.5% in 2017-2018 among boys, and from 5.1% in 1971-1974 to 18% in 2017-2018 among girls.
Similarly, rates of obesity among both U.S. men and women ages 20 and older have increased over the years, with the obesity rate slightly lower among women. According to the data, the rate of obesity increased from 20.2% in 1988-1994 to 43.5% in 2017-2018 among men, and from 25.4% in 1988-2018 to 42.1% in 2017-2018 among women.
However, there are greater disparities between the rates of overweight and severe obesity among men and women, with women tending to have lower rates of being overweight than men, but seeing higher rates of severe obesity.
The data also shows racial disparities in overweight, obesity, and severe obesity rates. For instance, CDC found that non-Hispanic white boys ages 2 to 19 had lower obesity rates when compared with non-Hispanic boys and Hispanic boys in 2017-2018. Similarly, CDC found that non-Hispanic white men had lower obesity rates than Hispanic men in 2017-2018.
(Fryar et al., "Prevalence of Overweight, Obesity, and Severe Obesity Among Adults Aged 20 and Over: United States, 1960–1962 Through 2017–2018," CDC's National Center for Health Statistics, December 2020; Fryar et al., Prevalence of Overweight, Obesity, and Severe Obesity Among Children and Adolescents Aged 2–19 Years: United States, 1963–1965 Through 2017–2018; CDC's National Center for Health Statistics, December 2020; Monaco, MedPage Today, 12/11). | <urn:uuid:80a33b49-a8fb-4da8-bc1b-ad118d068aa8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.advisory.com/Daily-Briefing/2020/12/17/obesity | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.954049 | 706 | 3.140625 | 3 |
EU, China near deal on solar panel dispute
The European Union and China are near a settlement in their dispute over solar panel imports, press reports said Thursday, but Europeans manufacturers challenged the figures involved as still harmful to their business.
The Handelsblatt business daily said negotiators were ready to set a minimum price on imported Chinese solar panels at 57 cents per watt of power they produced.
This price would apply to the first seven gigawatts of solar panels imported.
Any panels imported above the seven gigawatt quota would then incur an anti-dumping tariff of 47.6 percent, the German daily said, without specifying its sources.
EU officials declined to comment directly on the report and the figures given.
"Discussions are on-going at the highest level as both sides seek an amicable solution," EU Trade spokesman John Clancy said.
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You must be logged in before you can post a comment. Login now. | <urn:uuid:8ea246c3-7626-4620-a75f-096eaf1472f5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.altenergymag.com/story/2013/07/eu-china-near-deal-on-solar-panel-dispute/2233/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00213-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947279 | 211 | 1.546875 | 2 |
BIOL 455 Hearing
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The flashcards below were created by user
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. What would you like to do?
1. Define sound
2. What does it physically look like?
3. What is it caused by? Examples (2)?
4. What is one cycle?
- 1. Repetive pattern of local increases and decreases in air pressure
- 2. Sine wave
- 3. Vibrating objects (tuning fork, person's larynx)
- 4. single alteration of compression and expansion of air
1. What is a complex sound? has 3 parts
2. Very simply, how does ear analyze sounds? - name and how?
3. What does the above concept deal with? 2
- 1. Sum of pure tones (fundamental frequencies and harmonics and their constructive and deconstructive interferences
- 2. Fast fourier transform - ear deconstructs complex sounds into simple sine waves due to place theory on basilar membrane
- 3. Pitch perception and labeled lines
1. Another word for external ear?
2. Function? (4)
3. What is important about external ears in humans?
4. Who has them?
5. Who does morphology vary between? (2)
6. What are the implications of exchanging pinna?
- 1. Pinna
- 2. Captures, focuses, filters sound & localization
- 3. Filters range of frequency in human speech (2-5 KHz)
- 4. Mammals
- 5. Between species (bats vs. elephants) and among species (luis vs. me)
- 6. Will not be able to hear as well because over lifetime, brain has adapted to perception of sound filtered by pinna.
1. What frequency of sound do pinna in humans filter for? Why?
2. What locations can pinna help discern? What feature of pinnae?
3.Role of plasticity in pinna?
- 1. 2-5 KHz, range perfect for human speech
- 2. In front or behind - asymmetrical pinnae
- 3. Switching pinnae with somebody else will alter your perception of hearing, but due to neuroplasticity, you will be able to adapt.
1. Where is middle ear located?
2. What are the 3 bones?
3. What part of ear is the tympanic membrane part of?
4. What are the functions of the middle ear? (2)
- 1. Between tympanic canal and oval window
- 2. Malleus, incus, and stapes
- 3. None, just separates outer and middle
1. Concentrating mechanical energy from changes in air pressure to fluid-filled chambers of air, allowing recovery of information that would have been lost from going into denser medium.
2. Ear muscles can stiffen
, reducing effectiveness of self-sounds (body movement, swallowing, vocalizations, etc).
Describe mechanism of how middle ear works (3)
What is final result?
How much is recovered? Out of what?
- 1. Changes in air pressure (sound) move tympanic membrane
- 2. --> moves chain of ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes).
- 3. ---> Ossicles concentrate tiny mechanical forces of vibrating particles from LARGE eardrum to small oval window.
Final result: amplification
of sound pressure (increases in intensity and amplitude), so it can recover loss of vibration from going from air to more dense medium
Recovers 20 out of 30 dB that would have been lost.
1. What is the function of the inner ear?
2. Most important structure?
1. Define the cochlea? (2) Where is it located?
2. What does it contain? (3) canals
3. What does the basilar membrane separate? 4. Describe the base of the basilar membrane (2)- what is it closest to? What frequency (musical term) is it best suited for?
5. Same questions for apex.
- 1. Cochlea - auditory portion of the inner ear; coiled, fluid-filled structural in the temporal bone of the skull.
- 2. Scala vestibuli, media, tympani (vestibular, medial, and tympanic canals)
- 3. Vestibular and tympanic canals
- 4. It is narrow and stiff; oval window - high frequencies (treble) cause max displacement at base
- 5. It is wide and bendy; round window - low freqencies (bass) cause max displacement at apex.
1. What enhances maximum displacement of low frequencies at apex?
2. Where would human speech cause max displacement?
3. What is lowest frequency?
4. What happens when the oval window pushes in? What does this connect? Why is this important?
- 1. Curvature of cochlea
- 2. At base (1600 Hz is close to base)
- 3. 25 Hz
- 4. Round window pushes out (connects vestibular and tympanic canals), so ear doesn't burst!
1. Where is organ of corti? (specifically - 2 descriptions)
2. What is its function?
3. Structure? (3)
4. What is tectorial membrane connected to? (2) in what fashion?
- 1. In middle canal on top of basilar membrane
- 2. To transduce mechanical energy into electrical/neural activity
- 3. Hair cells (sensory cells), supporting cells, and terminations of auditory fibers
- 4. To basilar membrane (hingelike fashion) and hair cells (some stereocilia are embedded within it)
1. What is the base of the organ of Corti?
2. What might a picture look like?
3. Which membrane moves in response to changes in fluid pressure in vestibular and tympanic canal? How does their movements relate to each other?
4. What happens when a wave of pressure comes in and hits basilar membrane?
5. What does hinging do to stereocilia? What happens next? (very simply)
- 1. Basilar membrane
- 3. Both basilar and tectorial - independently (kind of)
- 4. Basilar membrane moves --> pushing hair cells up --> tectorial membrane moves
- 5. Deflects stereocilia causing depolarization
1. What do tip links do?
2. Describe mechanism of how hair cells transduce sound into neural activity (6)
1. They connect stereocilia to its adjacent neighbors
- 1. Sounds induce vibrations of
- basilar membrane
- 2. Vibrations bend hair cell
- stereocilia that are inserted into tectorial membrane
- 3. Very small displacements of
- hair bundles (swaying) increases tension on elastic tip links and pop open
- ion channels and immediately snap shut again when hair sways back.
- 4. Opens non-selective ion
- channels allow inrush of K+ and Ca2+ ions and rapid depolarization of
- entire hair cell.
- 5. Initial depolarization leads
- to voltage-gated Ca2+ channels --> rapid influx of Ca2+ at base of hair
- cell, causing synaptic vesicles there to fuse with the presynaptic
- membrane and release their neurotransmitter contents
- 6. Neurotransmitters trigger
- action potentials in afferent fiber axons.
1. What happens if you don't have IHCs? Why?
2. What is purpose of OHCs?
3. What if you don't have these?
- 1. Deafness, because IHCs are connected to 95% of afferent auditory fibers, thus are extremely important for perception of sound.
- 2. OHCs are necessary for cochlear amplifier
- 3. Can still hear, but not as well.
1. What does cochlear amplifier do?
2. What is the smallest difference in frequency we, as humans, can differentiate?
3. How did we know there was the existence of a cochlear amplifier?
- 1. Amplifies movements of basilar membrane in some regions and dampens movements in other regions, sharpening tuning of cochlea.
- 2. 2 Hz
- 3. Because just having the basic physical characteristics of the basilar membrane can't account for such fine differentiation of pitch.
Describe mechanism of cochlear amplifier
2. Mechanism (5)
1. Background: OHCs have voltage-sensitive and voltage-specific proteins - each OHC has a preference for a characteristic oscillatory frequency
- 1. Certain frequency that is perfect for certain OHC enters inner ear
- 2. BM moves in response
- 3. If it moves enough because initial oscillatory frequency was perfect enough, cells will either hyperpolarize or depolarize.
- 4. Prestin - transmembrane protein will mechanically elongate or contract in response to hyperpolarization (lengthening) or depolarization (shortening)
- 5. This lengthening/shortening of hair cell leads to stiffening or relaxing segments of BM to actively sharpen its tuning to different frequencies.
1. Describe, in Burmeister's words, how an OHC that deflects best for 100 Hz will lead to better perception of sound. 6
1. An OHC that deflects best for 100 Hz --> has oscillatory frequency of 100 Hz --> will push tectorial membrane at 100 Hz --> which in turn will deflect IHCs --> IHCs will depolarize --> better perception of sound.
1. Define spontaneous otoacoustic emissions
2. Are these individualized? How can they vary from person to person? (2) Do they stay constant for each person?
3. What is cochlear amplifer development influenced by? Who has more emissions? What does this mean?
4. What would decrease emissions? (2)
5. What is manifested early in life and long-lasting?
- 1. Active, ongoing modulation of basilar membrane (inherent oscillatory frequencies) produces pure tones by pushing back on ear drum.
- 2. Yes. By frequency and number. Yes throughout life.
- 3. Sex - females have more than men (better hearing)
- 4. Being a monozygotic female with a male twin - masculinized by presence of twin --> less emissions
Being a lesbian (gay men don't see a difference
5. Otoacoustic emissions
1. What is place theory?
2. What is it the basis of?
3. What is good evidence of this?
4. What is an example of this in terms of physiology?
5. What does it predict?
6. What happens for complex sounds with components of lots of diff frequencies?
- 1. Pitch is encoded in the physical location of activated receptors along the basilar membrane: activation of receptors near base of cochlea = high frequency; activation of receptors near apex = low frequency signal bass
- 2. Labeled line theory
- 3. The fact that the cochlear nucleus (first place in brain where hair cell afferent fibers terminate) is tonotopically organized based on frequency.
- 4. What I said above about base and treble
- 5. A change in frequency is acompanied by a change in the region of max disturbance of the basilar membrane, as well as activation of auditory receptors found there.
- 6. Fourier transform - different frequencies will activate different areas of membrane
1. What is volley theory? Another name?
3. What is required?
4. What is the max firing rate of neurons w/o any help?
5. What does volley theory allow?
- 1. Frequency theory - frequency of auditory stimuli is directly encoded in firing pattern of auditory neurons. Low frequency is 1:1, while high frequency encodes auditory frequency that is integer multiple - theory of frequency discrimination that emphasizes relationship between sound frequency and firing pattern of nerve cells.
- 2. A 500 Hz sound wave will cause some neurons to fire 500 action potentials per second.
- 3. Population of phase-locked cells that fire at exact same spot on wave (i.e., top or bottom, etc).
- 4. 1200 Hz
- 5. By integrating info from lots of different cells, allows allows us to have larger range of frequencies.
1. What does loudness depend on?
2. Describe how a louder sound will affect transduction?
3. How would you describe how the cells work together? What is this like?
4. How many cells respond if its low intensity? If it's high intensity? why?
- 1. Amplitude
- 2. Greater amplitude --> greater eardrum deflection --> greater BM displacement in the region of peak responsiveness (frequency) --> increased stereocilia deflection --> CNA interprets greater BM oscillation and hair bending as louder sound.
- 3. Range fractionation. Volley theory
- 4. 1. More than one. broader range of frequencies can elicit response from cell, so NS can determine intensity of the stimulus.
1. What does narrow tuning curve mean? What is it better at representing?
2. Where is best excitatory frequency of each fiber? Define best excitatory frequency in relation to intensity
4. What does each color represent?
5. Because these represent threshold measurements....what does htis mean?
6. Why is this important for a louder sound?
7. What does a lower curve indicate?
- 1. More sharply-tuned - better at representing frequency.
- 2. At the trough. The lowest intensity of stimulus needed to get response from cell.
- 4. Different fiber (inner hair cell to cochlear nucleus)
- 5. The lowest point on the curve corresponds with neuron's best characteristic frequency.
- 6. Because at higher amplitudes of sound, the curve is broader, so it's more difficult to determine loudness. By comparing to other activated neurons, you can determine exact amplitude.
1. Are BM and cochlear amplifier required for loudness? What else are they required for?
2. What does cochlear amplifer enable? For what theory?
3. For sound localization, what is auditory system simlar to? What is it different from? (2)
- 1. No, but they are required for pitch perception.
- 2. Labeled lines. CA gives us sharply-tuned auditory fibers, because info is kept separated on precise, tonotopic lines. for place theory
- 3. Olfactory system, because basilar membrane is like olfactory epithelium - stimulus being transduced at a certain location contains no information about the location of the stimulus itself.
This is unlike somatosensory/visual system (retina).
1. What are the interaural cues for localization? (3)
Explain each one.
- What is necessary for the second one? Why? What does it give?
Draw two of the graphs.
1. Latency - onset timing difference and ongoing phase disparity; intensity
- 1. Onset timing difference - difference between two eras in hearing the beginning of the sound.
- 2. Ongoing phase disparity - continuous mismatch between the two ears at the arrival of all the peaks and troughs that make up the sound wave
- - Requires phase-locked cell b/c it has info about frequency due to phase of pressure wave and disparity of wave. Gives amplitude envelope allowing us to receive info throughout sound.
Intensity - difference in loudness arises because head creates sound shadow
blocking off-axis sounds from reaching both ears with equal loudness.
- Most pronounced for higher frequencies, because lower frequencies have longer sound waves that reach around the head.
Describe projections going from ear to brain (6) Also describe where each place is.
1. Where does info start being compared?
2. Where is a map of space created? What else does this thang do?
3. Where does crossing over occur?
4. Where are we first aware of sound?
Ear ---< cochlear nucleus (medulla) ---< superior olive (medulla) ---< inferior colliculus (midbrain) ---< medial geniculate nucleus (thalamus) ----< primary auditory cortex
- 1. Superior olive
- 2. Inferior colliculus -map of space, locating/orienting to sound, descending projections to motor pathways to allow motor response to sound.
- 3. Superior olive nucleus (gets info from ipsilateral and contralateral cochlear nuclei)
- 4. Primary auditory cortex.
1. Where do auditory fibers from hair cells terminate?
2. What do these fibers give info about? (2)
3. What retains this info? What does this info create?
4. What cells are here - slow-adapting? fast-adapting? phasic/tonic? Which cell provides info about onset of stimulus?
- 1. Cochlear nucleus
- 2. Intensity and frequency
- 3. Cochlear nucleus, creating tonotopic map4. Stellate cells (slow-adapting, tonic) one stellate cell fires in response to pure tone, then continues at similar frequency of firing until no more sound.
Bushy cells (super fast-adapting; phasic) - at stimulus, cells fire a single action potential at onset of sound and no more.
1. Draw what happens in lateral superior olive and medial superior olive
2. What does LSO compare?
3. Describe mechanism for Jeffres model of sound localization
- 2. Intensity differences
- 3. can be mapped onto particular timing difference.
- 0. Sound from left of owl's midline is detected by left cochlea slightly earlier than right cochlea.
- 1.Monaural neurons of the left cochlear nucleus of the brainstem become active, sending AP's along axons towards nucleus laminaris.
- 2.Since they were fired earlier, left side AP's have traveled farther on axons.-Shortly after, the monoaural neurons of right cochlear nucleus send their own AP's toward nucleus laminaris.
- 3.So, the AP from left and the AP from right arrive simultaneously at neuron 5, but not at any other binaural neuron.
- 4.Neuron 5 is thus a coincidence detector that signals a particular location to left of midline
1. What processes info from medial superior olive? How?
2. For this to work, what must be detectable?
3. What type of cell is needed?
- 1. Inferior colliculus - determines which cell in array has been most excited, mapping onto particular timing difference
- 2. Real-time diff between stimulus reaching first cell vs. last cell
- 3. Coincidence detectors - Post-synaptic cells that are only going to exceed threshold when they're excited simultaneously
1. What do we need to elicit behavior?
2. What are the two types of motor outputs? Define each.
3. Which doesn't involve brain input? Draw projections
4. Define movements and motor acts
- 1. Motoneurons
- 2. Reflexes - simple, highly stereotyped, and unlearned repsonse to stimulus.
Motor programs - complex set of commands to muscles that is completely established before act occurs (piano playing, escaping)
3. Reflexes (sensory --> spinal cord --> motor)
4. movements - muscle contraction; motor acts - series of movements for certain goal/function
1. Draw hierarchy of motor control (6)
Name what each thing does.
Name two structures in the list not in the map and describe what they do (1: 1 thing; 2 functions. 2: two things, one function)
- 1. Skeletal systems constrain movement
- 2. Spinal cord where motoneurons exist & control muscle movement in response to sensory information (reflex, motor programs), implement motor commands from brain
- integrates motor commands from higher levels of brain and transmits them to spinal cord & relays sensory info about body from spinal cord to forebrain
4. Primary cortex
- command center for initiating movements - has descending outputs to motoneurons in brainstem and spinal cord.
- 1. Non-primary motor cortex - planning and adjustment
- 2. Non-cortical areas - basal ganglia and cerebellum moderate activities.
1. Where do motoneurons exist?
2. Define motoneurons
3. Why are they the final common pathway for motor production?
4. What NT do they release?
- 1. In brainstem and spinal cord.
- 2. Neurons that send their axons to innervate muscle
- 3. Because they are the sole route through which the spinal cord and brain (cranial nerve nuclei) can send APs along their axons to control muscles.
- 4. Ach
1. Define neuromuscular junction
2. What almost always happens when an AP reaches this junction? When doesn't it happen?
3. Define innervation ratio. What does this determine?
4. What happens to muscle fibers when a motoneuron fires?
5. What is the largest cell in spinal cord? What is super large about them?
6. What do you need to increase contraction in muscle?
- 1. Neuromusclar junction: region where motoneuron terminal and adjoining muscle fiber meet.
- 2. Ach is always excitatory, so generally triggers action potential and contraction in innervated muscle fiber. When muscle fiber is fatigued.
- 3. Ratio of muscle fibers:motoneuron. Determines precision. Increased ratio = less precision.
- 4. ALL muscle fibers innervated by that motoneuron contract
- 5. Mooneurons, huge dendrites
- 6. Increase motoneuron activation
1. What does primary motor cortex do? (3)
2. What system descends from M1?
3. Where does this system decussate? What does right cortex control?
4. Does motor cortex have homunculus? If so, what is M1 most devoted to? What does it determine?
5. How is this seen in other animals? Define sparse code.
- 1. responsible for initiating, planning, executing movements, etc.
- 2. Pyramidal
- 3. Pyramid of medulla - right cortex controls left side of body
- 4. Yes. M1 is most devoted to lips, tongue, and hands/fingers. Determines fine motor control.
- 5. Individual neuron action potentials elicit motor programs. Other animals have more precise control in same regions. Birds have sparse code.
1. Describe the experiment that determined whether neurons in M1 represented muscles or movements (Task, what is being measured, independent variables)
4. What was the specific research question?
5. What were the findings?
1. Task: Monkey moves cursor to central target, then peripheral circle shows up as yellow. Monkey must then move cursor to target circle to get treat.
2. Recordings from individual motor cortex neurons
3. Position of forearm - vertical, supination, or pronation to control which muscles are being used.
- 4. Does activity of a cortical motor neuron encode a relatively simple paramater (i.e., contraction of particular muscle) or does it encode more abstract paramter, such as particular movement of hand through space?
- 5. 30% of M1 neurons corresponded to muscle movements, but 50% of M1 neurons corresponded to movements in space, regardless of hand posture.
1. What type of neural plasticity exists in M1?
2. What type of plasticity can change as a result of training?
3. Is this useful during deficit?
4. What two parts are in the non-primary cortex?
- 1. Lifetime
- 2. M1's short-term plasticity can change
- 3. Yes.
- 4. Supplementary motor area (SMA) and premotor cortex
1. What is supplementary motor area importnat for? (2)
2. What happens when there's a lesion for SMA?
3. Where does it receive input from?
4. What does it respond to?
1. What is premotor cortex activated by? Name 3 specific exmaples
2. What important area does it contain? When are these neurons active? (2)
3. What does the above code for?
- 1. External stimuli (walking, gait, coordination)
- 2. Area F5 - mirror neurons (1) when an individual makes a particular movement (2) when an individual watches someone else make a movement
- 3. Codes for GOAL of motor action, not just action
1. How do researchers know that the SMA is important for planning?
2. What are the parts of the extrapyramidal pathways?
- 1. In actually keeping a spring compressed, more blood flow went to contralateral M1, while THINKING about the task increased blood flow to include SMA.
- 2. Basal ganglia, reticular formation, cerebellum.
1. What pathway is it part of?
2. What neurons is it important for?
3. WHat is its role in vocal learning?
4. What does it do in terms of movement?
5. What is special about this?
- 1. Extrapyramidal
- 2. Motoneurons
- 3. Loops enable vocal learning
- 4. Modifies/initiates programs (amplitude of movement/direction)
- 5. Is activated in response to memories.
1. Is it layered?
2. What's important about its size?
3. What does it affect? (3)
4. What types of movements is it especially important for?
5. What is basal ganglia more correlated with? What about cerebellum?
- 1. Yes
- 2. Size is associated with its function/complexity
- 3. Motor programs, coordination, and learning motor tasks (esp sequential).
- 4. Sequential
- 5. BG is more correlated with M1, while cerebellum --> SMA.
1. Is mirror neuron system confined to motor system?
2. When does it fire? (2)
3. Where does it take place?
4. What is its role in language? What area of brain?
- 1. No.
- 2. When an individual does, thinks, or feels something or when it observes someone else doing the asme.
- 3. It takes place in Area F5 in the premotor cortex.
- 4. Broca's area - takes heard phonemes and maps onto motor patterns of phonemes. Even with unfamiliar motoneurons, motoneurons for words are activated upon hearing it.
1. What part is important for emotional responses?
2. What else does this thing code for?
3. What experiment was this proven in?
4. Outside of motor system, where are mirror neurons seen? (2)
- 1. Insula and anterior cingulate cortex2. Codes for intentions of others, understanding the movement of other individuals
- 3. The monkey watching the person grab for an apple/empty space and when it was covered up.
- 4. These same two places.
1. What is evolutionarily great about mirror neuron system?
2. Since mirror system connects anticipation and inferring, what does it have implications for? (2)
3. Describe the experiment testing this in autistic children. What was recorded? Normal children/autistic children:
3a. Watching actor? 3b. Picking up themselvs?
- 1. Saves space instead of having lots of other cells code for other animal's behavior
- 2. Empathy and understanding
- 3. Recorded movement of muscle in jaw of actor putting food in mouth or paper on shoulder.
- 3a. Normal child anticipates chewing when food is picked up, but not paper. Autistic child has no anticipation.
3b.Normal - anticipation for food, not paper. Autism - no anticipation for food or paper.
What would you like to do?
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'Time flies as nature cries' and other lessons from Chainsaw Sculptures
To learn from our past, we have to remember it.
Perhaps many of the 13,000 people who came to Eau Claire, Wisconsin, for the U.S. Open Chainsaw Sculpture Championship did not take a side trip through the Paul Bunyan Logging Camp Museum to learn about the devastating history of exploitation of the natural forests in the upper midwest. They missed an opportunity to learn about the clear-cutting followed by wildfires that contributed to the birth of the conservation movement in America. But their purchases of tickets and auctioned sculptures will support the educational mission of the Museum, which established the chainsaw championships because they wanted a fundraiser that inspired a connection with the history of the area.
© C. LepistoWinner Steve Higgins at work
Visitors to the event did get to enjoy a fabulous phenomenon. Although noisy chainsaws tearing into large, old growth logs may seem like a strange way to honor the conservation of our forests and our reliance on their natural resources, the art form does represent the junction of modern machinery and ancient human desires: a microcosm of the world we face every day. These sculptures remind us that humankind's "dominion" over nature should be used to create beauty and balance.
© C. Lepisto'Time Flies as Nature Cries', winning chainsaw sculpture by Steve Higgins
This concept was captured to perfection by this year's winner, Steve Higgins of Missouri. His sculpture, titled 'Time flies as nature cries' embodies balance as the sculpture soars away from its base but cantilevers back across its center of gravity to remain upright. Every surface honors nature in the tradition of the totem pole, with images of owls nesting safely in the antlers of a leaping buck, a proud wolf, and wild bear among others. Leading the surge, a woman's face etched with concern -- Mother nature -- and a smiling man, with hair flowing -- representing Father time -- warn us that we don't have forever to act to protect the nature that supports us (detail at top).
© C. LepistoLazy Days by Takao Hayashi
Takao Hayashi of Japan has won previous competitions, but went home with second place this year for 'Lazy Days'. Hayashi's work typically melds an Asian flavor into an art form originating with the native American fauna and flora.
© C. LepistoHayashi at work
Hayashi remains a purist in the art of chainsaw sculpting. While some competitors had enough tools to start their own hardware store, Hayashi employs exclusively the chainsaw to create his peaceful animal scenes, with the exception of a small tool used to form the perfectly round eyes of smaller animals. But even the sleepy eyelid of Lazy Days' hippo was detailed by Hayashi's delicately maneuvered powered blade.
A chainsaw properly wielded in the forest can remove diseased trees, protect delicate habitats, and create conditions for more diversity and the return of cherished hardwoods.
© C. LepistoClever twist on the traditional towering bear
Welsh carver Simon O'Rourke surprised passers-by with the secret hiding beneath what appeared to be a chainsaw sculpture of the most traditional sort: a towering bear. But look again: this one is a man in a bear suit. From behind, an exquisitely detailed zipper hints at the surprise inside.
© C. LepistoSaw Dogs star Chris Foltz in quick carve
In addition to the masterpiece competition, participants have 60 minutes to complete a sculpture in the quick carve events. This work by Chris Foltz of Oregon, who has been featured on the reality TV show Saw Dogs, shows how bear catching fish can be released from the spirit of the tree.
© C. LepistoSculpture finished in one hour
The finished sculptures brought in hundreds of dollars each, proceeds which were split between the competitors and the fund raiser. The winning sculpture went for $3100, a true steal for a beautiful piece that will endure for generations. Many of the artworks auctioned were more practical: artistic and natural tables, furniture, or wall hangings seem like treasures compared to most of the disposable products on offer at the big box stores. It would be lovely to see a comeback of local artisans supplying our furnishing needs.
© C. Lepisto
Foltz's masterpiece, titled 'The Devil Went Down to Georgia' demonstrates that the art of chainsaw sculpture has already moved away from its roots in native American art, and will evolve into sculptures on themes we cannot yet imagine.
At the height of logging, in 1898, 8 million acres of Wisconsin forest had been clear cut. The disastrous wildfires and erosion that ensued threatened humans and native species, but it spurred people to start taking an inventory of nature -- what it provides us and what we must do to protect it. That tradition is honored in the cause supported by the U.S. Open Chainsaw Sculpture Championship.
We hope the beauty of these sculptures inspires budding naturalists to protect, preserve, and promote the environment upon which we rely. Because nature is crying. And time is flying. | <urn:uuid:9f937f3f-1654-4993-8781-50bd18f8fccf> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.treehugger.com/style/nature-cries-time-flies-winners-us-open-chainsaw-sculpture-championship.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00477-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94477 | 1,076 | 2.28125 | 2 |
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McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1967. hardcover, 5¾" x 8¼", with dust jacket. Previous owner's name to ffep with purple-pen cross mark. Jacket has 3½" x 1" missing at top. GOOD book in GOOD unclipped dust jacket. This concise programmed book takes the tedium out of learning words and introduces the student to a practical and intelligent way of expanding his vocabulary. The book has two main approaches: 1) teaching the meanings of common prefixes, suffixes, and roots so that the student can quickly enlarge his word recognition, and 2) teaching a technique whereby he can learn to pick up the meanings of words via context clues. | <urn:uuid:28309482-47d3-49ba-86a5-5a04f9de0cd0> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.biblioz.com/lp25762302125.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719136.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00467-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.92149 | 260 | 2.171875 | 2 |
Statue of Liberty to remain closed indefinitely following Sandy
New York, NY (WTVR) – One of New York City’s most recognizable landmarks is closed for the holidays, thanks to Superstorm Sandy.
The National Park Service said that waves and storm surge from the hurricane flooded 75% of the island the statue sits on, wrecking docks, even flooding the gift shop.
Workers are also being laid off until the damage is fixed, which will be sometime next year.
The National Park Service said the damage is the worst any of its facilities have ever suffered as a result of a natural disaster. | <urn:uuid:b05e7d78-ea9d-4e4e-8da5-4e3dca3b32ff> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://wtvr.com/2012/12/04/statue-of-liberty-to-remain-closed-indefinitely-following-sandy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00383-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965476 | 126 | 1.640625 | 2 |
(Note: This item originally appeared at the Web site of Students for a Free Economy, an outreach project of the Mackinac Center for Public Policy. The Center also publishes Michigan Education Report.)
In a recent Mackinac Center Current Comment, Us vs. Them: The People and the Political Class, I argued that true representative government has been supplanted by a self-serving, self-perpetuating political/government class and that as a result, the government has escaped the control of the people.
Alarmist? Extreme? Consider this news item: The Michigan Education Association teachers union is involved in a recall campaign against two members of the Wayne-Westland school board following an illegal MEA-inspired strike against the district in October. Among other things, the union held a recall training session at its local headquarters.
The October strike was at root over whether MESSA, the MEA's money machine, would get the district's health insurance loot, or whether school employees would obtain essentially the same coverage from an actual insurer at lesser cost. The Michigan Education Special Services Association is a third-party administrator that outsources insurance underwriting to Blue Cross Blue Shield, then resells the policies to schools.
Making MESSA a bargaining issue is itself prohibited by state law, but set that aside. The deeper meaning of this recall is that a group of secure and well-compensated public employees and their union is using resources that at root are provided by taxpayers to fire the district's managers, who were selected by voters to be the stewards of their school and tax money.
This is not just a cynical manipulation of the political system, it's a perversion of the very concept of democracy. If the union's recall is successful and becomes a common tactic, then we are not just approaching the tipping point where the government class amasses such power and resources that efforts to dislodge them become futile — we will have passed it.
Here's an analogy. Imagine that some residents of Wayne-Westland pooled their money and started a restaurant. They hired a manager, who hired cooks and waiters. Over time the waiters became surly, the food mediocre and the costs excessive. The manager cracked down, and in response the employees fired him.
Whoops — employees don't hire and fire managers. That's the owners' prerogative. Apparently not when it comes to the management of an even more important institution, our school system. Not anymore, that is, if the MEA is successful.
Given the union's deep pockets and rippling political muscles, the recall may well succeed. On Nov. 4 four members of the Reed City school board were recalled after angering the union by voting to privatize food and custodial services. That outsourcing will save the district taxpayers some $300,000 a year, or about $200 per student, as reported by the Education Action Group. (Incidentally, privatization decisions are another prohibited bargaining area, but the House has passed a bill to repeal that.)
Of course, the union will argue that the final recall decision is in voters' hands, so there is no corruption of the democratic process. Sure — the same way a 95-pound weakling going into the ring against the heavyweight boxing champion is a fair fight. Most school board members are political amateurs with little campaign savvy or ability to raise money — their adversary here is exactly the opposite.
Motivated and empowered by its concentrated benefits, the MEA already has outsized advantages over the dispersed interests of taxpayers in regular school board elections. These recalls are showing the whip to school board members who have been mugged by the fiscal realities of the job, reminding them to always place the interests of unions ahead of the interests of taxpayers.
Jack McHugh is senior legislative analyst at the Mackinac Center for Public Policy, a research and educational institute headquartered in Midland, Mich. Permission to reprint in whole or in part is hereby granted, provided that the author and the Center are properly cited. | <urn:uuid:45fa332d-a0e7-4d18-ae5d-bd11c25a61cc> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.mackinac.org/article.aspx?ID=9992 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00314-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.9683 | 820 | 1.984375 | 2 |
“recounteuria” – the declaration of independence for a FOQNE and the unveiling of technologies that manifest universal equality and the enlightened industrial revolution
– James C. Lin
TAICHUNG, TAIWAN, September 1, 2021 /EINPresswire.com/ – This press release serves as a declaration of independence for the “narratoria”. It is a franchise-driven quasi-national entity (FOQNE) as defined by American novelist Neal Stephenson in Snow Crash. The constitution is called “Claritism – Suppress humanity to rebuild it and repair the Earth. “
Goodwill to the world community
As a gesture of goodwill, “storytelling” presents to the world the technologies behind Claritism as knowledge of the public domain and invites allies to join the cause. Thanks to our collective efforts, they will be ready for global deployment by December 1, 2021.
1. Hardware Reference Design Missile8964 – a paradigm shift in industrial design called âopen connection architectureâ. It allows every nation on Earth to start manufacturing computers, smartphones, special-purpose and consumer electronics locally to bring jobs home. Each country will have the capacity to build portable supercomputers of any desired configuration with unlimited power supply. Missile8964 will dramatically reduce the pressure on natural resources that humanity is currently exerting on Earth. It is also a viable method of manifesting the global OLPC, the One Laptop Per Child initiative.
2. Linux AntiC8964 operating system – based on the secure Linux distributions Septor / Tails / PureOS. The design of this distro aims to block all unnecessary network packets to social media and unwanted regimes at the operating system level.
3. Sosumi8964 browser – a paradigm shift in the topology of the World Wide Web and the Internet. It comes in the following forms:
– A peer-to-peer web browser that uses blockchain technology to enable crystal finance as defined by Claritism. Additionally, it prohibits all client-side scripting languages. Coupled with Missile8964 hardware, it allows users complete ownership and control of created content and private data.
– A paradigm shift in UIUX design called “Lennon Wall Metaphor” introduces a charitable layer to online advertising that prevents unethical data collection. The concept is to force advertisers to directly sponsor local needs to gain advertising privileges in any geographic location. This new UIUX re-sequencing enables Crystal Finance and subsequent Sponsored Anarchy.
– A formatting language called MarkOut which enables distributed networks. Direct selling of content and products from original producers becomes a one-step process. There will be no need to register with centralized and gigantic services, but intermediaries. It treats all social media for what they are: âmedia format providersâ and provides a mechanism to phase them out.
Everything stated above will be in the public domain for global consumption. “recounteuria” invites the world community to join the cause and participate in development. Visit our Youtube channel “tellingeuria by Claritism” for detailed videos.
1. âUniversal Equalityâ – all nations and living things, regardless of gender, race, language, age, sexual orientation, enjoy equal access to technologies, resources, opportunities and justified rewards of all kinds. The foundation of universal equality is Crystal Finance – does not refer to any bank, stock exchange, venture capitalist, permanent real estate purchase. Everything in Claritism is documented down to the last penny and made available to the public to ensure that no hidden power exists in economic activities to discriminate of any kind. It is also the belief of Claritism that humanity should begin to reward mental and labor works which directly produce tangible items, such as contents, goods and services. As such, Claritism disapproves of gambling that focuses on generating income from investments.
2. âEnlightened Industrial Revolutionâ – With Missile8964, transporting finished, packaged goods from a single assembly country to the rest of the world is unnecessary. Therefore, the associated packaging materials are also not necessary to protect the perfection of “new products”. Once Missile8964 is activated, only the necessary raw materials should be shipped internationally. It allows the Earth to breathe and repair itself now. Our priority is to heal and repair the Earth before observing the stars to other solar systems.
3. “Priority Earth” – “tellingeuria” believes that humanity should make healing and repairing the Earth the first and only priority of technological and commercial efforts. Stargazing can wait because without healing the Earth first, we will only be replicating the mistakes of the past on other innocent and pristine planets.
“recounteuria” welcomes enlightened nations who wish to establish mutual official diplomatic relations and register their language, culture and intellectual data in “Soliloque”. By way of appreciation, paradigm shifts in architecture and civil engineering will be shared with allied nations to stop and reverse the damaging effects of unwanted real estate investments from the past of currently hostile nations. It is also the next step in the Enlightened Industrial Revolution to repair more of the Earth with less resource drain and strain.
The power behind the “narratoria” and the financial sources
1. Soliloquy – “Master plan for technological singularity.” Soliloque is an approach to General Artificial Intelligence that uses a software text engine. It provides a user interface to download refinement threads to the computer through cumulative interactions. It also graphically unifies all natural languages. Soliloque is the basic technology of the “narratoria”.
2. Claritism – Suppress humanity in order to rebuild it and repair the Earth. Our socio-economic theory and the constitution of the “narratoria”.
3. Soutache – Braided reality network. It braids two ends outside the virtuality continuum and makes physical passwords and physical encryption possible. It’s extreme cybersecurity with no biometrics, facial recognition, and text passwords. Soutache is available on a contractual basis.
4. Awakening – The makeover of the singularity. Warship design via system-wide UIUX re-sequencing. A contractual service is available to our allied forces to ensure that what we mutually believe in is protected.
5. Soleil – “Invention on demand.” Soleil invents bespoke paradigm-shifting products, industries and technologies. They work with the environmental, natural and human constraints of any location. Soleil is available in the form of medium-term partnerships based solely on mutual financial benefits.
Details on “recounteuria” as a FOQNE entity and how to apply for citizenship are available on our website. Visit deraconteur.com and follow the appropriate links for more details.
James C. Lin
Missile 8964 HW Ref. Design | <urn:uuid:015d7516-095b-4675-903d-7efaf0491e6a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nortonproject.com/narreuria-a-quasi-national-entity-focused-on-the-franchise-officially-declares-its-independence-with-goodwill-towards-the-world/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.883739 | 1,448 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Local programs will celebrate National Library Week
The following is a list of hours and scheduled activities for local public libraries in the Watchung Hills area.
LONG HILL TOWNSHIP
To celebrate National Library Week from Sunday, April 14 to Saturday, April 20, the library will offer amnesty to overdue books and materials returned.
During April, Daisy Troop 2015 of Long Hill Township will display some of their crafts and Girl Scout memorabilia at the library.
The library received a $1,500 collection development grant from the state in March. Funds will be used to purchase new audiocassettes for the vault collection and CD software for the children's room.
For the spring 2002 term, the library offers the EBSCO databases, containing indexing and full text articles to nearly 2,000 journals and periodicals on all types of subjects. The databases are available in patrons' homes, and may be obtained through the library's homepage at www.gti.net/lhtlib.
The library has also added the "Facts On File Online" databases as aids to students during research in science, history, careers and multicultural studies. The databases are available in patrons' homes and may be obtained through the library's homepage at www.gti.net/ lhtlib.
The library is looking for people to help raise funds for the new facility. Both long and short-term commitments are needed. Those wishing to help out should leave their name and phone number at the circulation desk.
Anyone interested in assisting with fundraising efforts for the proposed new library is invited to attend. RSVP is suggested to the library at (908) 647-2088. The library will be hosting meetings of the fundraising committee and Friends of the Library during April.
The Morris Automated Information Network (MAIN, Inc.) has launched a new library catalog. Now anyone can access books, videos and other items available for use in the county's consortium of 33 public libraries by using the Internet. The new catalog may be used from any computer connected to the Internet.
Call the reference librarian at (908) 647-2088, ext. 5 to schedule free classes on the use of the catalog, magazine databases and the Internet. The library's Internet home page is www.gti.net/lhtlib.
The library's Board of Trustees holds monthly meetings on the third Wednesday of each month, except August, at 7:30 p.m. at the library. Remaining meetings for the year are on April 17, May 15, June 19, July 17, Sept. 18, Oct. 16, Nov. 20 and Dec. 18.
The library is open Monday to Thursday, 10 a.m. to 9 p.m.; Friday, 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.; Saturday, 10 a.m. to 2 p.m.; and 1 to 5 p.m. Sundays.
Miss Candy will hold a singalong, for ages 1 to 8, at 10:30 a.m. Friday, April 19.
A Pajama Story Time, for ages 4 to 6, will be held at 7 p.m. Wednesday, April 24. Participants may wear pajamas and bring a favorite teddy bear or other bedtime friend if they'd like.
The Spring Story Time program is under way.
Toddler Time, for ages 2 1/2 to 3 1/2, will be offered at 10:30 a.m. Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Thursdays.
Mother Goose, for ages 4 to 6, is at 11 a.m. Tuesdays and 4 p.m. Tuesdays and Wednesdays. The session will run for eight weeks.
Pre-registration is required for all events. For more information, call (908) 647-2088, ext. 4.
The April library showcase features a display of Dutch toys, books and other articles collected by Paige Oosterom.
The library's hours are 9:30 a.m. to 9 p.m. Mondays through Thursdays, 9:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. Fridays and from 9:30 a.m. to 4 p.m. Saturdays. Call (908) 754-5554 for further information.
Celebrate National Library Week at 7 p.m. Tuesday, April 16 with Who Wants To Be A Know-It-All? It's a contest where families compete as teams, answering trivia and earning points to win prizes. Sign up the family today.
Book collection for the Friends of the Warren Library used book sale will take place from 9:30 a.m. to 1 p.m. at the library every Saturday through May 11.
All books will be accepted, except those in poor condition, textbooks, Readers' Digest condensed books and encyclopedias older than five years. The book sale will be held from Thursday, May 16 to Saturday, May 18.
For more information or to volunteer, call Jan Peterson at (732) 356-3899 or Martha Hirsch at (732) 469-6374.
The county library system now has a Web address, www.somerset.lib.nj.us, where patrons are able to go online and order books, compact discs and videos from other branches and have them sent to their branch. Renewals online are also available.
The library has a cable program called "Check It Out," that airs at 8 p.m. on Warren TV-71. Librarians Mary Lynn Becza and Sarah Cornish host this bi-monthly program that highlights a different genre each show on books available at the library.
The second season includes a new feature, "Viewer Mail." To participate, send letters to Check It Out, c/o Warren Township Library, 42 Mountain Boulevard, Warren, N.J. 07059, or e-mail to email@example.com.
Crafts with Irene is at 7 p.m. Monday, April 15. Decorate a glass square for use as a trivet or tile. Registration is under way.
Young Adult Programs
Family Origami with Sophie, for ages 7 and up, is from 10:30 a.m. to noon Saturday, April 20. Bring a friend and help create exquisite works of art with special paper. Registration is required.
Pre-school Storytime, for ages 3 to 5 with caregiver, will be held every Wednesday at 10:30 a.m. No registration is required.
Toddler Storytime, for ages 2½ to 3 with caregiver, is at 10:30 a.m. Friday, April 12. Registration is required.
Storytelling with Julie Pasqual in honor of National Library Week, for ages 5 and up, is at 10:30 a.m. Saturday, April 13. Registration is required.
Pajama Time, for ages 2½ to 3 with caregiver, is at 6:30 p.m. Monday, April 22. Registration is required.
Rhyme Time, for ages 2 to 2½ with caregiver, is at 10:30 a.m. Fridays, April 26. Registration is required.
A chess club is planned from 4 to 5 p.m. Mondays for boys and girls in grades 2 to 5. Players can come in and learn, improve and enjoy a game of chess in the library, which is open to ideas as to a preferable day and time. Call the library for more information, or stop in and pick up a form.
Pre-registration is required for all children's programs. Call the library at (908) 754-5554; all are free, but space is limited.
The library's Monday through Thursday hours are 10 a.m. to 9 p.m., with Friday hours of 10 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., and Saturday hours of 10 a.m. to 4 p.m.
The library reminds customers that when picking up reserved items for family members, one should remember to bring their card or a photocopy of it each time.
Watchung historical scrapbooks are now available for viewing at the library. They can be found on the wooden reference shelf behind the new release videos, or ask at the desk for more information.
The book "Images Of America: Watchung," by David B. Page, is now on sale at the library for $20.
Harold Kreis is the president of the Friends of the Watchung Public Library, Colleen Hehegan vice president, Sheila Duyckinck secretary and Norma Koed treasurer. For more information, call (908) 757-6895.
All paid-up members of Friends of the Library receive a 10 percent discount at the Towne Book Store in Westfield, thanks to a contact of Judge Michael Paticchio.
The library also has three terminals for free Internet access. To reserve up to an hour per day, a user must have a Somerset County library system card.
The library has a collection of 1,600 "books on tape" which may be borrowed for two weeks. They are recommended for trips and going to and from work.
All DVDs and videocassettes are now reservable and may be borrowed for one week.
For more information, call the library at (908) 561-0117.
The library will have a librarian available for Internet instruction from 3 to 5 p.m. every Tuesday in April. Possible topics for demonstration include the use of search engines, e-mail and directories or a discussion of popular and useful web sites. Beginning or experienced Internet users can bring questions to be discussed.
Those who plan to try this new program are asked to reserve a place by calling the library at (908) 561-0117.
A writers' group, sponsored by Friends of the Watchung Library, will now meet at 11 a.m. Thursdays instead of 10:30 a.m. Tuesdays. The group will meet and write, then go for lunch. Anyone may come for either or both. For registration and directions, call the library at (908) 561-0117.
Anyone interested in participating in a book discussion group may come to the library to fill out a questionnaire listing availability. Based upon responses, an initial meeting will be held to review parameters.
Crafts with Anne, for ages 9 and up, is at 4 p.m. Thursday, April 11 for wood craft.
Springtime Fun with storyteller Kathy Pierce, for ages 5 and up, is at 4 p.m. Tuesday, April 16 in the seniors' room.
A mother-daughter book group is beginning for girls grades six and up with their mothers, aunts, grandmothers or other special adult. Questions may be e-mailed to Anne Lycan, the young adult librarian, at firstname.lastname@example.org.
All programs are free, but registration is required. To register for any children's program, call (908) 561-0117 or visit the library at 12 Stirling Road. | <urn:uuid:cddea19a-6797-47f9-9032-9e50d0b3caa9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.newjerseyhills.com/library-corner/article_1d468b11-d6d9-513a-aee9-6f4d212934ca.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00099-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.934151 | 2,332 | 1.5625 | 2 |
"The alchemists chose as their means of communication, the use of images and allegory to convey the needed information and ideas associated with their hermetic art. In the numerous collections throughout Europe and in the United States, there is a dizzying array of images conveying the processes and ideas that correspond to the workings of the alchemist's ultimate goal, the Magnum Opus, or Great Work. This Magnum Opus is the fabled Philosopher's Stone, which will allow the transmutation of something of a base nature in to something of a divine or higher nature. The most common tale associated with alchemists and their royal patrons at the height of the use of alchemy is the creation of alchemical gold from lead. Other uses of the Philosopher's Stone, was said to be the creation of the Elixir of Life, thereby granting the drinker immortality or near immortality. In both of these efforts, the alchemist did not have a recipe book in plain language to work by, because each alchemist approached the Magnum Opus from a slightly different point of view, but they each needed to understand the basics of a given operation to achieve their goal."
Who is fulcanelli.- A search for Fulcanelli
Whomever fulcanelli the alchemist, writer of two known works under the name, whom they originally were, was a successfully concealed identity; a result of the deliberate intension to do so. The concept is carried to the extreme in the text written about the elusive philosophers stone....the text weaves a descending, inward spiral, that, at first, appears to reveal secrets that become obscured by the weight of an overwhelmingly complex literary style ,challenging the readers analytical and intellectual abilities, setting them adrift in a labyrinth of relatedness, illuminated by the complex etymological context , manipulated by skillful use of semantic meanings of the written text. The over all effect is one of deliberate Obfuscation , a playground of rhetorical prose ,intellectual gymnastics that probably crosses into Sophist territory, meeting the readers own imaginative interpretation...The writing, it-self, is truly the stone of a philosopher incarnate, speaking beyond any literal objectivity implied by the formation of ink printed on paper and the observed letters or even illuminated text on a screen...
Where to begin a search for fulcanelli, is there a solution to this enigma? The serpent begins at the end, devouring its own tail, only to find its beginning, after having consumed itself in the effort. This alchemical symbol, the Oroborus, could be one KEY to the understanding of the search for the unknown. Is the treasure always out of reach until the end of the search ; then is it too late? , or is the search itself a treasure, our record, a window looking back at what had been revealed.
let us then start at the beginning of the end , so to speak, with the the Cross of Hendaye:
The Mysterious Cross of Hendaye France, la Croix Mystérieuse, as it is known to some of the locals.
Because of the revelation of Fulcanelli, the famous alchemist of the 20th century, the cyclical cross of Hendaye, in the mystery of cathedrals, philosophers, scientists, astronomers, researchers, Freemasons and alchemists, around the world, are trying to decipher the esoteric symbols of this mysterious puzzle that is located in Hendaye , the Basque Country.
Hendaye (Basque Hendaia) is the most southwesterly town in France. It is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département, on the Atlantic coast, the "Côte Basque", on the right bank of the Bidassoa that marks the border with Irún, Spain.
" the Great Cross of Hendaye", a stone cross carved with alchemical symbols that occultists find to contain encrypted information on a future global catastrophe, is now located next to The church of Saint-Vincent. Built in 1598, and largely reconstructed over the centuries following fires and bombardments. Its most recent transformation was finished in 1968.
The seafront Château of Antoine d'Abbadie, built by the architect and theorist Eugène Viollet-le-Duc is a monument of the Gothic Revival.
The cross is sometimes passed by pilgrims who travel the path of Santiago de Compostella, often they will leave a bottle of wine, on or near the cross, for the next thirsty traveler.
The etymology of the name Compostela:
The popular etymology of the name "Compostela" holds that it comes from Latin campus stellae, i.e. "field of the star", making Santiago de Compostela "St. James in the Field of the Star". This name would come from the belief that the bones of St. James were taken from the Middle East, to Spain. These bones were then buried where a shepherd had spotted a star and a church was eventually built over the bones and later replaced with the Cathedral de Santiago de Compostela.
Another etymology is Compositum, i.e. "The well founded", or Composita Tella, meaning "burial ground".
To the Prophets of doom:
There are some modern theories that presupposes the cross of Hendaye to predict the end of the world literally. Many of the theorizers pointing out that a literal interpretation of the code writing on the cross suggest one safe place to take refuge... ( imaging what all those people would do in one place with the rest of the world gone!) many of these theories, include references to: the Tarot( does not predict the future), Jewish Kabala (having nothing to do with hermetic cabala other than a similar name), one even goes so far as to suggest that fulcanelli was alive and or channeling information during a lunar eclipse , with the rock band the Grateful Dead , preforming in front of the great pyramids of Egypt! And yet the literal meaning of alchemical text is purposely obscured, even fulcanelli goes to great lengths to express this idea throughout all of the writings!
"...And yet the philosophers themselves attest that they never speak more obscurely than when they seem to express themselves with precision; their apparent clarity deludes those who let themselves be seduced by the literal meaning, and who do not attempt to make sure whether it agrees or not with observation, reason and the possibility of nature. " "They should first strive to discover what the Ancients meant by the metaphoric expression of the fire...For indeed we are not speaking of a cooking fire here..." from dwellings of The Philosophers
From the view seen at the top of a Tower , an earthly landscape, inhabited by every generations endeavor to relearn some lost knowledge of the past , unfolds. Perpetually reborn each spring , flowers bloom amidst the weeds in the fertile soil of the ages. The sage grows in the raw earth sifted through changes in the comprehension of communication and languages semantical context, drifting significance of relevant objectivity. Information is a golden treasure raining down from the stars, to be brought back , stored in a hive.
"He whose face gives no light,
shall never become a star."
" Danaë represents our crude mineral, such as it is extracted from the mine. It is the earth of the sages which contains within it the active and hidden spirit, alone capable, says Hermes, of realizing 'by these things the miracle of only one thing.' As a matter of fact, the word Danaë comes from the Dorian Greek (Dan), earth, and (ae), breath, spirit. philosophers teach that their raw material is a fragment of the original chaos and it is indeed what is meant by the name Acrisius, king of argos and Danaë..s father: (Akrisia), is confusion, disorder; (Argos), means coarse, uncultivated, incomplete. As for Zeus, it denotes the sky, the air and the water, to such an extent that the Greeks, to express the action of raining, said: (gei o Zeus), Jupiter sends rain, or more simply, it rains. Therefore this god appears as the personification of water, of a water capable of penetrating bodies, of metallic water, for it is of gold or a least golden. it is precisely the case of the hermetic solvent, which, after undergoing fermentation in an oak barrel, assumes, upon decantation, the appearance of liquid gold." from the Fulcanelli text.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:
Danaë is Rembrandt's painting from the collection of Pierre Crozat which from the 18th century resides in the Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg. It depicts the character Danaë from Greek mythology, the mother of Perseus.
She is presumably depicted as welcoming Zeus, who impregnated her in
the form of a shower of gold. Given that this is one of Rembrandt's
most magnificent paintings, it is not out of the question that he
cherished it, but it also may have been difficult to sell because of
its eight-by-ten-foot size. Although the artist's wife Saskia was the original model for Danaë, Rembrandt later changed the figure's face to that of his mistress Geertje Dircx.
On June 15, 1985 Rembrandt's painting was attacked by a man later judged insane; he threw sulfuric acid
on the canvas and cut it twice with his knife. The entire central part
of the composition was turned into a mixture of spots with a
conglomerate of splashes and areas of dripping paint.
The process of restoring
the painting began the same day. Following consultations with chemists,
art restorers began washing the surface of the painting with water;
they kept the painting in the vertical position, and blew mouthfuls of
water at the painting to prevent further degradation of the painting.
The restoration of the painting was accomplished between 1985 and
1997 by staff of the State Hermitage's Laboratory of Expert Restoration
of Easel Paintings: Ye.N. Gerasimov (group leader), A.G. Rakhman, and
G.A. Shirokov, with the participation of T.P. Alioshina in matters of
The Wheel is Zeus of the Greeks, Jupiter of the Romans, the planet, symbolically, it could sometimes suggest the decline and fall of those in power and the ensuing chaos that allows others to take advantage of new opportunities amidst a confusion .... Also it could represent the" true" cross "X"... of which we see, as the first letter, inscribed on the cross of Hendaye...
"X - Letter X: Spiritual Theosophical Dictionary on Labarum
Labarum (Latin). The standard borne before the old Roman Emperors, having an eagle upon it as an emblem of sovereignty. It was a long lance with a cross staff at right angles. Constantine replaced the eagle by the Christian monogram with the motto en touty nika which was later interpreted into In hoc signo vinces. As to the monogram, it was a combination of the letter X, Chi, and P, Rho, the initial syllable of Christos."
But the Labarum had been an emblem of Etruria ages before Constantine and the Christian era. It was the sign also of Osiris and of Horus who is often represented with the long Latin cross, while the Greek pectoral cross is purely Egyptian. In his "Decline and Fall" Gibbon has exposed the Constantine imposture. The emperor, if he ever had a vision at all, must have seen the Olympian Jupiter, in whose faith he died.
"Apocalypse (Greek: Ἀποκάλυψις Apokálypsis; "lifting of the veil") is a term applied to the disclosure to certain privileged persons of something hidden from the majority of humankind. with regard to hermetic knowledge, it does not refer to the end of the world literally... It is a reference to the the precession of the equinoxes..The earth spins Like a wobbling top, the orientation of the Earth's axis is slowly but continuously changing, tracing out a conical shape in a cycle of approximately 25,765 years (the so called Great or Platonic year, and also the determining factor in the length of an astrological age). This movement is caused by the gravitational forces of the Sun and the Moon..."
"The Age of Pisces is technically the current age and astronomers and some astrologers believe it will remain so for approximately another 600 years. At that time, the vernal equinox point will no longer be facing Pisces, but moved into the constellation of Aquarius, thus beginning the Age of Aquarius. However there are many astrologers who believe that the Age of Aquarius has already arrived or will arrive soon.
The moon tarot represents the zodiac sign Pisces...".
Wait for part two-más tarde,Hassan
Here is a nice alchemical toolbar for your web browsing | <urn:uuid:0e4cf378-f689-46aa-8b49-b70f3bada16d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://hassan-alquimia.blogspot.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00235-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.944607 | 2,730 | 2.5 | 2 |
“I just finished three great reports that focus on the jobs of the future and the education needed for those jobs,” says Mike Walden, William Neal Reynolds professor of agricultural and resource economics at North Carolina State University. With the condition of today’s economy, these are reports that have important information and wide interest. Following is a summary of the key findings from them and so you can decide what conclusions can be drawn about improving the job market.
The first report is by the McKinsey Global Institute, an international consulting firm that focuses on economic and business issues. They paint a challenging picture of today’s job situation, says Walden. Over the next decade, the national economy will have to create 21 million jobs to return the unemployment rate to 5 percent by 2020. “Unfortunately, at the rate the country has been creating jobs in the last decade, we’ll only get halfway there,” he notes.
One of the issues the McKinsey folks find — and you’ve heard this many times before — is a growing mismatch between the skills of available workers and the skills needed by firms. If businesses can’t find workers with the right skills and training for their jobs, then the jobs won’t be created, will be shipped to a foreign country or will be replaced by technology or machinery.
Walden says that according to McKinsey, the country is creating too many workers with a high school diploma or less and too few workers with some college (but no degree) or a college degree. Specifically, they estimate a shortage of 3 million workers with a college degree or some college by 2020, but a surplus of over 6 million workers with a high school degree or less in that same year. The message: we need to accelerate our educational training.
The second report, from The North Carolina Commission on Workforce Development, echoes much of what the McKinsey report says, but for North Carolina. Training requirements for jobs — particularly good-paying jobs — are increasing. Jobs in the past that paid solid middle-income salaries for workers with only high school degrees are rapidly disappearing. Over the next 10 years, employment for workers with college degrees in North Carolina is forecast to grow twice as fast as jobs for workers with high school degrees or less.
So the take-away message from these two reports might be, go to college in order to get a job, Walden says. Certainly this is an important message. Indeed, today’s unemployment rate for workers who have a college degree is about half that for workers without that higher education diploma.
“However, stopping here would miss some other important messages that are brought to us by the third recent report from Harvard University,” says Walden. “Although the Harvard report agrees with everything stated in the McKinsey and North Carolina reports, it puts their conclusions in context with some important qualifications.”
First, while the jobs of the future requiring a college education are increasing, still, over one-third of the jobs in the nation and almost half of those in North Carolina in 2020 will need a high school degree or less.
“Second, while we constantly shout to both students and parents that education is crucial to their economic future, statistics show we have a problem with this message being followed,” says Walden. Nationally, almost half of college students don’t finish on time in four years, and a high proportion leave college without a degree. In the 1970s the U.S. was first among industrialized countries in high school graduation rate; today we’re 13th.
The Harvard study concludes that a significant number of students don’t see the connection between what they learn in school and specific jobs in the workplace. In fact, at the high school level, Harvard says there may be too much emphasis on directing students to go to college (again, this is Harvard University talking). This lack of a “learn-job” connection can lead to dropouts in both high school and college.
One solution, Harvard says, is a renewed focus on vocational and technical education as early as the junior year of high school. Europe has been doing this for decades, says Walden. “Of course, care must be taken to make sure all students have time to explore their talents and interests before committing to a track that can limit their future job opportunities.”
But Harvard sees three advantages to a broader vocational/technical track in high school. First, it should reduce the high school dropout rate. Second, it should also reduce the college dropout rate if more students who enter college have the interest and desire for academic training. And third, it should provide more job seekers with the skills and training in demand by employers for the millions of jobs that will continue to be open for high school graduates.
The condition of the job market is the top issue in the country today, and it will likely continue to be for several years down the road, concludes Walden. Step one in solving the jobs crisis is making sure workers have the skills needed by employers. “You decide if we need a different approach to this goal. And by the way, happy reading if you also decide to read the three reports,” he says.
Source: North Carolina State University | <urn:uuid:e155ec33-f69b-4dc2-9551-aeb957be93db> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.dairyherd.com/dairy-resources/youth/How-to-prepare-tomorrows-workforce-125007944.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00352-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964316 | 1,086 | 2.359375 | 2 |
Men’s health usually focuses on two different things in addition to the generic health stuff for all adults. Prostate health is especially important to men as they are more likely to get diagnosed with prostate cancer. The other is sexual health and Herbalife Men’s health product benefits can help with both.
Herbalife Men’s health product benefits focus on two especially important health topics that are specific to adult men around the world. Did you know that nearly 1 in 7 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer in the US?
The prostate is particularly important for men as it helps produce the fluid that makes up semen. But there is something even more important about the prostate that makes it crucial for men’s health.
The location of the prostate is just as important as its function. The prostate is located just in front of the rectum, below the bladder and hugging the upper part of the urethra. The urethra is responsible for transporting urine which means that an unhealthy prostate can affect sexual and urinary bodily functions for men.
Sexual health may not seem as important as prostate health. However, sex can help men’s immune system, lower blood pressure, lower risk of heart attack, reduces odds of prostate cancer, improves sleep, and so much more.
That is why taking full advantage of Herbalife men’s health product benefits is particularly important. Especially for older men.
Pycnogenol Health Benefits
There are many distinct aspects of sexual health, but let’s not dance around the subject. Men are mostly concerned about their ability to get an erection, especially as they age. Erections happen when the body increases the flow of blood to the arteries in the penis.
Pycnogenol is a nutrient that stimulates the process needed to get an erection. This is done by increasing healthy blood flow which gets the blood where it needs to be when the time comes.
There has been plenty of research on this topic and the results are clear. Pycnogenol increases blood flow and stimulates the nitric oxide release which leads to erections. However, Pycnogenol requires a little help from another supplement to get the best results.
L-Arginine Health Benefits
L-Arginine is an amino acid that is known to help make proteins in the body. But L-Arginine also becomes nitric oxide in the body. As mentioned above, nitric oxide is part of the process that helps men get erections.
Nitric oxide relaxes blood cells which allows blood flow to go smoothly. Studies have shown that L-Arginine itself will not help with erectile disfunction. However, the Journal of Sex and Martial Therapy found that combining L-Arginine with Pycnogenol helped a considerable number of men ages 25 to 45 with ED get erections.
That is what makes these two nutrients part of the Herbalife men’s health product benefits. You can find that combination in Herbalife Prelox Blue.
Saw Palmetto Health Benefits
Saw Palmetto is a plant also known as the American dwarf palm tree that grows in the southeastern regions of the US. The tree produces white flowers and yellow berries that can be dried and turned into an herb.
Studies are still being done on the effects of saw palmetto for prostate cancer. However, early studies have shown that the herb may help keep tumor cells from growing in animals.
There is also evidence that saw palmetto can ease symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia. In fact, some countries already use saw palmetto as treatment for BPH.
Lycopene Health Benefits
Lycopene is a natural antioxidant that you may see daily. This natural antioxidant is what gives tomatoes their red color. In fact, which is how lycopene gained recognition for cancer prevention research.
Studies have shown that consuming foods with high lycopene levels can reduce the risk of lethal prostate cancer. The studies have shown a 25% decrease in the risk for prostate cancer in men.
You will find both saw palmetto and lycopene in Herbalife Ultimate Prostate Formula. You can get the Herbalife men’s health product benefits from that one supplement. The goal of this supplement is to reduce the risk of prostate cancer for men.
Prevention is the best medicine. | <urn:uuid:88a70bb8-a05c-4c25-9a77-a4d2c0ee0a8f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.newstartforme.com/herbalife-mens-health-product-benefits/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.959942 | 899 | 1.6875 | 2 |
EBWR - Recovering the Romanovs
Lesson 2 of 7
Objective: The objective of this lesson is to assess student mastery of concepts explored in the genetic testing lesson, Mystery of the Romanovs, in which DNA Fingerprinting confirmed the identities of various members of the historical Romanov family.
Effective writing programs must meet the diverse needs encountered by most teachers in classrooms where students have a wide range of skills and abilities. Over thirty skills are involved in writing including grammar, syntax, and spelling. Therefore, quality writing programs must emphasize the importance of prewriting, provide a respectful instructional environment, utilize checklists and rubrics to assess writing, and employ strategies such as direct, explicit, and systematic instruction.
The needs of struggling late adolescent writers vary greatly depending upon their prior knowledge, skills, motivation and writer identity. Teachers need to stress the importance, particularly in high school instruction, of the significance of writing beyond the classroom and emphasize the value of writing as an indicator of future success in college and in the biotechnology workplace.
Writing is not just a method of communication and expression. Several researchers have found that as with reading, improving one’s writing skills improves one’s capacity to learn and the inability to write effectively greatly limits a students opportunities for education and future employment. Therefore, content area teachers who can contribute to improving the writing of struggling late adolescent emerging writers will positively affect these student's literacy levels and career opportunities for years to come.
In an effort to motivate my late adolescent emerging writers and readers to WRITE for extended periods of time I have them grapple with controversial and sometimes sensational issues in biotechnology which are known for generating great debate. Forensic science, the intersection between Biotechnology and Law, uses biotechnology to address questions arising from criminal investigations or litigation. DNA fingerprinting, a genetic testing technique used in forensic science, can be used to solve crimes, determine paternity, and identify evolutionary relationships.
This lesson enables students to respond to a writing prompt about one of the most prolific applications of DNA fingerprinting in history. I use this lesson as an assessment after students have investigated the topic of DNA fingerprinting in the lesson titled, Mystery of the Romanovs.
NATIONAL BIOTECHNOLOGY STANDARD(S):
BT. 7.1 - Differentiate between moral, ethical, and legal biotechnology issues.
A great way to prepare for our timed writings or EBWRs is to review the scoring rubric as well as by reviewing any of the facts in the Romanov case which would be critical to successfully completing the composition. Since this EBWR focuses on a student's ability to integrate multiple sources of data we review this skill to ensure that they are able to properly explain the application of the forensic science technique investigated in the lesson, Mystery of the Romanovs. Students were also given time to carefully review ALL the data provided on this topic online, on the website DNA Interactive, via our Edmodo course site in addition to the written resources provided along with the actual writing prompt.
During a pre-writing whole group discussion I begin by displaying Slide 3 thru Slide 9 of a short presentation as well as allowing students to review the common mistakes or misconceptions associated with DNA fingerprinting. For example, in this particular prompt, I would remind students that the use of both traditional fingerprints and DNA fingerprinting are forensic techniques that could be employed in this case. However, traditional fingerprints cannot conclusively establish heredity, genealogy, paternity, and evolutionary relationships.
Keep in mind that the ultimate goal is for our students to WRITE so don't consider it "cheating" or "watering down" the experience if support, guidance or information is reviewed during the pre-writing period to ensure that students will be able to compose an on-topic, relevant and accurate written response. The following photo illustrates a pre-writing strategy grounded in the Hochmann Writing Program that was used to help students compose topic or thesis sentences in a prior timed writing.
Students are given 35 minutes to complete an Evidence Based Written Response (EBWR) based on a written prompt which enables them to evaluate a real-life case study involving DNA fingerprinting. In preparation for this extended timed writing, students engage in a whole group prewriting discussion and brainstorming activity.
Student prompts are scored using the MTHS Biotechnology EBWR scoring rubric. Using the rubric, several components of each of the three sections of the completed narrative are scored. In order to manage this labor intensive tasks members of my department have scored the student responses as a team, which has evolved into a valuable professional development opportunity that I would suggest to any PLC. Another strategy I have implemented has been peer evaluation of the completed narratives and then a final review and scoring by myself as the instructor. Regardless of the grading method or mode, I always preview many of the narratives PRIOR to grading to determine any reoccurring themes or statements found in the student narratives which will serve as "anchor statements" in addition to whole student responses that may serve as "anchor papers" such as Anchor Paper A and Anchor Paper B provided.
Below are "anchor statements" collected from a sample of over 25 student narratives during my preview ritual in preparation for a department scoring meeting:
REE (Results, Evidence, Explanations)
- revolution resulting in Tsars being overthrown after ruling for over 300 years
- STR's or short tandem repeats used to identify parents supported by DNA fingerprint
- identification of Skeleton #4 as Tsar Nicolas using STR's & DNA fingerprinting results as evidence
- clear explanation of modes of human inheritance (i.e. each parent donates half of genomic data)
- short tandem repeats should be discussed in relation to genes being passed down from parents to offspring
PP and PE (Possible Perspectives and Errors)
- DNA allowed members of law enforcement to decipher the identity of remains found in a mass grave using skulls and pelvic bones to determine age, gender, race and familial relationships
- new way to investigate crime w/interdisciplinary team of investigators which includes a new member of the team, scientists
- reliance on multiple documents and bodies of evidence that were more than circumstantial or prone to multiple interpretations
- build stronger cases that are not just based on eyewitness accounts, reduce overturned convictions or verdicts
- significant mtDNA discovery suggests that mitochondrial DNA mutates faster than expected prompting new DNA forensic procedures and methods
- increase in rate of mutation of mtDNA might cause tests to miss a match leading to false negatives
- traditional fingerprinting used to be the "gold standard" when identifying suspects however it requires that a set of fingerprints from the individual being identified appear in database
- criminals can use gloves to avoid leaving fingerprints which can easily be removed or wiped off; however it is very hard to remove and destroy DNA left from hair, saliva, and skin, etc.
PA (Practical Applications)
- DNA fingerprinting provides a higher degree of accuracy and validity over traditional fingerprints despite the fact that both can place a suspect at the scene of a crime however both alone cannot prove guilt
- DNA fingerprinting requires less sample and enables faster analysis regardless of the age of the sample
- a more sensitive dating technique depending on where DNA is recovered which is great since fingerprints are no longer an option the longer a victim is deceased
- requires storage of big data (database), field called Bioinformatics, an intersection between biotechnology and information technology (IT), which refers to the storage and analysis of the vast amounts of information generated by the biotech industry | <urn:uuid:98293086-9e4a-4c8b-bfa6-7559dabf23d1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://betterlesson.com/lesson/reflection/24434/improving-student-writing-in-science-with-effective-feedback-and-student-reflection | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00152-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.941421 | 1,543 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Housing Recovery in Jeopardy
A major determinant for U.S. GDP growth is the state of the real estate sector. The construction of new homes contains only small section of the total picture. New appliance purchases and home furnishings go hand in hand with all the ancillary employment surrounding the housing market. Real Estate brokers, banking and legal functions are all necessary to support the buying and selling of new and existing houses. Most importantly, rising real estate prices increase the net worth of consumers, which in turn boosts credit creation, consumption and economic activity. These points were overlooked back in 2007; and the major reason why nearly everyone on Wall Street and in Washington was blindsided by from the fallout of collapsing real estate prices.
The real estate debacle was the cause of the Great Recession and it is also now being credited for bringing it to an end. But the lynchpin behind this economic recovery has been the government's ability to increase home prices through the process of artificially creating record-low interest rates and by having the Fed purchase impaired loans from banks' balance sheets.
However, this ersatz and temporary recovery is now running into trouble.
The affordability of homes once caused by plunging prices and record low borrowing costs caused investors to flock into the housing sector. According to the Case-Shiller Home Price Index, real estate prices dropped 35% from peak to trough. Speculators scooped up foreclosed properties that were being dumped on the market without much regard to price. Private Equity firms and hedge funds purchased properties mostly with cash; and whatever extra money they desired to borrow came nearly for free.
Those days have now past.
Home prices had been plummeting up until 2009, but then started to stabilize during 2010. However, now they have returned to their growth rates experienced during the bubble era of 2000-2006. The National Association of Realtors reported that median existing home prices increased 13.5% from June of last year. What's more, formerly plunging bond yields have also started to increase. Freddie Mac reported that rates on thirty-year fixed mortgages have soared nearly 35% since early May. Perhaps this is why the NAR reported last week that investor purchases made up only 15% of June sales, which is the lowest percentage since the realty association began tracking the data in 2008.
Investors are now saturated with foreclosed properties and much of the easy money has been made. So it is up to first-time home buyers to take up the slack. However, with real median incomes rising just 1.1% YOY (far below the increase in home prices) there isn't much hope for individual consumers to supplant the hedge fund community...especially since first-time home buyers cannot pay cash and will be required to meet the now tightened lending standards of banks.
What's more, a recent report from the Special Inspector General of the Troubled Asset Relief Program indicated that 46% of distressed home owners that received loan modifications from the government during 2009 had re-defaulted. Therefore, expect hundreds of thousands of foreclosed properties to hit the market in the near future. Perhaps the increased inventory and rising mortgage rates will bring down prices and eventually cause speculators to jump back into the picture. Nevertheless, this probably won't occur until property values decline significantly first.
Evidence of this slowdown can already be found in the earnings reports of major home builders. PulteGroup reported that rising borrowing cost have already started to hurt sales. The largest U.S. home builder by market value reported that orders decreased 12% for the second quarter.
Back in 2009, plunging mortgage rates and home prices allowed the real estate market to bottom. In contrast, we now have rising borrowing costs, soaring homing prices and little income growth. Those factors are all working against the affordability of real estate.
It is also important to understand that rising interest rates are not affiliated with a surge in economic growth. The Bernanke Fed has recently indicated that a reduction in MBS and Treasury purchases may occur in the next few months, causing investors to fear the eventual removal of the Fed's bid on fixed income. If such tapering occurs, the rate on the thirty-year fixed mortgage could go north of 6% in very short order.
Soaring mortgage rates will cause the housing market to undergo another leg down. Of course, the economy will go along for the ride and a severe recession will ensue. Once the Fed realizes how addicted the real estate market and the economy are to artificially-low interest rates, it will end the tapering of QE and dramatically increase the allotment of monthly purchase. I expect a significant increase in hard assets and a protracted bull market in PMs after the central bank makes the proclamation that the size of its balance sheet is without limit. | <urn:uuid:d88407df-c31e-4d11-8af3-6e7cf748ecad> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.safehaven.com/article/30652/housing-recovery-in-jeopardy | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00247-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968055 | 974 | 1.929688 | 2 |
July 18, 1980 | Backgrounder on Latin America
124 July 18, 1980 THE CUBAN REFUGEE PROBLEM IN PERSPECTIVE 1959-1980 INTRODUCTION On Tuesday; April 3, 1980, six Cubans crashed through the gate of the Peruvian Embassy in Havana seeking political asylum.
During the incident a Cuban policeman guarding the compound was killed and the Castro government removed the remainder of the guard in presumed retaliation Within forty-eight hours, over ten thousand Cubans had sought asylum in the unprotected embassy and perhaps as many as 100,000 had congregated in areas adjacent to the site, hoping to find means to enter.
Thus began a new Cuban exodus On April 23, Fidel Castro opened the door to a migration of unprecedented proportions when, in a reversal of his lon g-held pol&cy, he declared that all Cubans who wished to leave the island not just those within the Peruvian Embassy compound could do so. When he abruptly cancelled the transportation arrangements agreed upon an airlift via Costa Rica), Cuban exiles in F l orida.formed a spontaneous boat-lift 114,462 Cubans had been brought to Key West on conveyances rangi from shrimp vessels to small pleasure boats By June 20 President.CarterIs policy toward these events has undergone several changes all, the Administratio n subsequently establi.shed a quota of 3,SQO. As the boat-lift began, it declared the transporting of Cubans to be illegal and began selectively impounding boats.
May 5, in what appeared to be a change in policy, President Carter announced that the U.S. would provide Itan open heart and open armsll to the Cubans Initially reluctant to take any refugees at On The boat seizures, however, continued.
On May 14, the President ordered the Coast Guard to form a cordon around Florida waters to prevent additional b oats from heading to Cuba and threatened to impose severe fines on boats 2 illegally transporting refugees. In conjunction with this, he expressed willingness in principle to establish an orderly airlift for Cubans allowed to leave the island in the futur e.
President Carter s orders effectively brought the transporta tion of refugees to an end. By late May, only a few dozen boats remained in Mariel, the port of exodus for the emigrants, and by mid-June, the arrival of new boatloads of refugees on U.S. shores had effectively stopped. As no progress has been made in estab lishing an official airlift, it appears that the flood of new refugees has, at least for the present, come to an end For Americans, the new...Cuban exodus has posed' difficult questions. Occur r ing shortly after the arrival of hundreds of thousands of Indochinese refugees (who even now continue to arrive at,the rate of 160,000 a year coinciding with an increase in the number of Haitians seeking refuge on our shores, and coming at a time of deepe ning economic recession, it has caused many Americans to reevaluate the historic role of the U.S. as sanctuary for the needy and politically oppressed.
This paper does not attempt to analyze the moral problems raised by the Cuban migration, but instead to provide factual information relevant to the forhation of policy on the subject.
While the final decision on a refugee policy is ultimately subjec tive, certain practical considerations play an important role HISTORICAL BACXGROUND OF CUBAN REFUGEE PROBLEM The most fundamental point to be considered is the extent to which the new refugees, on whose behalf hundreds of millions of taxpayer dollars are spent, will ultimately make a significant contribution to our society. While it is impossible to look into th e future, a good indicator of what might be expected exists in the development of the Cuban exile community which has formed in the U.S. over the'past twenty years.
Since 1959, Cubans have been engaged in one of the most si-gnificant migrations, proportionally, in modern times. Over eight percent of the island's population has gone into exile with around 700,000 coming to the U.S. prior to 1980 in several phases.
Between January 1, 1959 and the October 22, 1962 Missile Crisis, 248,070 migrated to the Unite d States. In early 1959 members of the political and military elite fled, followed by members of the propertied and professional sectors, who by 1961 comprised 45 percent of the registrants with the Cuban Refugee Program. It soon became far more than an e x odus of the elite for by the end of the first phase, over 50 percent of the Refugee Program registrants were clerical and sales workers and skilled workers. This period also saw the arrival of some 13,000 unaccom panied children sent to the U.S. by parent s fearful of government control of their lives 3 When Cuba barred entry to the U.S. after the Missile Crisis direct emigration was limited to such exceptional cases as the Bay of Pigs POWs and their families, and certain American citizens.
In consequence, illegal escape became an important outlet. A large percentage of the 55,916 Cubans departing between 1962 and 1965 escaped by means of dangerous boat journeys, with the remain der flying initially to Mexico or Spain in the hope of later gaining admission t o the U.S. The deterioration of conditions in Cuba was reflected in the background of the immigrants who came during this period: by 1963, a majority of those facing the hazards of illegal boat trips to the Florida Keys were peasants and laborers In 1965, legal emigration from Cuba was reestablished with the Freedom Flights airlift to Miami, which during its six years of existence brought to the U.S. 297,318 relatives of existing exiles. After its end, Cuban migration patterns reverted to those of the post - 1962 lull, with Spain and Mexico again becoming the principal avenues of departure for refugees on their way to the United States. Because of a change in U.S. law subjecting them to immigration quota limitations, however, the number arriv ing in this coun try was small in relation to the earlier migration.
In 1978 a new kind of exile began leaving Cuba political prisoners being allowed to depart by Fidel Castro. In all between 1973 and the end of 1978, 50,357 additional Cubans entered the United States THE U.S. RESPONSE TO CUBAN REFUGEES, 1960-1980 By late 1960 over 100,000 refugees had arrived in Miami, and continued pouring in at the rate of 1,700 a week as had been given to prior arrivals, who because of Cuban rules forbidding their removal of assets fro m the island had no means of supporting themselves, derived from private sources. On December 2 of that year, the U..S. government became officially involved with the creation of the Cuban Refugee Emergency Center.
The $4 million initially budgeted for the program sustained a staff of fourteen, which eventually grew to a high of 328 the President's Contingency Fund under the Mutual Security Act of 19
54. The following year, the President's Contingency Fund under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 provided $38.5 million.
Thereafter, until 1980, funds were specifically appropriated by Congress annually under the Migration and Refugees Assistance Act adopted in 1962 Such assistance During its first six months, the program was financed through A new statutory base for the program was recently created with the passage of P.L. 96-212, the Refugee Act of 1980, as a result of which all U.S. refugee programs have come under a policy and management network headed by the U.S. Coordinator for Refugee Affairs. The Depa r tment of State and the Department of Health and Human Services have assumed primary responsibility,a 4 respectively, for the international and domestic aspects of refugee concerns. In addition, the new law makes changes in the funding of refugee programs, gradually eliminating the full federal reimbursement for cash and medical assistance which states have heretofore enjoyed.
Then Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare Abraham Ribicoff announced a comprehensive nine-point program on February 3, 19
61. Its objects included providing funds for refugee resettle ment, financial assistance to meet the basic maintenance require ments of the refugees, providing essential health services courses, distributing surplus food, and making financial assist ance ava i lable for the care of unaccompanied children assisting in the establishment of language and skill training I The program thus emphasized providing for the Cubans' immedi ate needs 'and finding them employment as quickly as possible conjunction with this, t he government carried out a large-scale relocation program, finding positions around the country for those Cubans who were unable to find work in Miami's glutted labor market. By 1980, a total of 301,732 refugees, or three out of every five registering wi t h the Center, had been moved out of Miami under this program In A difficult problem confronted by the Refugee Center was that of unaccompanied children arriving in increasing numbers during the Sixties. Between 13,000 and 15,000 arrived altogether and alt h ough most went to live with friends or relatives, thousands were homeless. On February 21, 1961, the Unaccompanied Cuban Refugee Children's Program was created to place these arrivals in foster homes. Statistics compiled in 1967 indicate that as of that y e ar 8,331 children had been cared for through the program with the peak occurring in October 1962, when 4,100 children were receiving foster care. The problem, however, proved to be only temporary, for the parents of most eventually found means to escape f rom Cuba. Thus, by 1965 only 1,448 children remained in the program, and two years later the number had been further reduced to 375.
OVERCOMING EDUCATION TROUBLES The new arrivals in Miami faced significant hurdles in finding employment. There was an obvio us language barrier, and many had skills which could not be readily transferred to the American economy. Others lacked the American educational degrees or state licenses necessary for.them to carry out their previous occupation. In this regard, profession a ls were especially hard hit; most found that their foreign university training received virtually no recognition in the United States. Their problems were compounded by.the requirement of at least half the states that lawyers, medical professionals, archi t ects and public school teachers hold citizenship in order to practice. 5 Attempts were made to address this problem. One had its beginning in Iowa in 1961, when a need to increase the number of Spanish teachers made officials seek a formula whereby the Cu b an arrivals could be employed. By this time, a substantial talent pool existed comprised of both experienced teachers and highly educated lawyers and other professionals who could carry out classroom functions. Under the law, however, all needed three yea r s of coursework to earn a state teaching license A program was created under which the candidates chosen received a temporary teaching certificate after a year's intensive training, following which they took the balance of coursework needed for a permanen t certificate over the ensuing three years while also working full time made available. According to a pamphlet published by the Refugee Program A loan of $1,000 per student was Since most of the Cubans were middle-aged and had children to support, even wi t h the help of the loan many of them had to supplement Nevertheless, they were undaunted either by the hard work ahead or by the prospect of Iowa winters which, to people who have never livedlin a cold climate, seemed quite formid able. their incomes by ta king part-time jobs.
By the fall of 1964, Cuban teachers were working in 38 Iowa counties. Seeing the potential of this program, Indiana estab lished a similar project involving 53 Cuban teacher trainees. At about the same time, a program with similar objectives was estab lished in Miami itself, where officials Itwho had at first been concerned tkat an influx of Cubans might create an unemployment prgblem, wexe fast becoming even more concerned about the draining of Cuban talent from the Miami area. Seven programs were in operati on at the peak period of 1967, and in virtually all.regions of the country there was at least one institution of higher learning at which Cuban refugees were being trained and recruited for teaching jobs.
In 1968 169 Cubans who had participated in the earl y train ing programs provided follow-up information on their development. The information indicated that all but six percent had remained in the teaching profession, and that ninety percent had obtained permanent teaching certificates or licenses to teach By 1961, there were nearly 700 exiled Cuban physicians in the U.S. who, because of state licensing requirements affecting 1. Professional Manpower: A New Way to Meet the Need, U.S. Cuban Refugee Program, Social Rehabilitation Service, Department of Health , Education and Welfare, p. 2 2. Ibid. p. 3 6 3 foreigners not trained in the U.S found themselves, as one expressed it, "free to do almost anything except practice medicine."
Their first hurdle was to pass the Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Gr aduates Examination; and because of the need in the U.S. for qualified physicians, a three-month refresher course was established at the University of Miami that year combining English training with a subject matter review. In conjunction with this, a loa n fund was established which lent 266 Cuban physicians $137,500 while in operation. These semi-annual courses which by 1967 had assisted 2,393 Cubans, have now become a perma nent addition to the University of Miami curriculum.
The refresher courses .have made an additional contribution not foreseen at the time of their creation As early as 1965, a substantial number of non-Cuban doctors began to enroll; by 1977 2117 doctors, representing forty-one, primarily Spanish-speaking nations of the world, had atte n ded. Some of these graduates are now among the leading physicians in their countries, both in the academic field and that of practical medicine OVERVIEW OF REFUGEE PROGRAM By early 1980, a total of 486,000 Cubans had registered with the refugee program, 1 5 3,534 of them during the first year and a half of operations (it should be noted that about twenty-five percent of the exiles did not turn to the government for assistance at any point Total costs for the program have come to just under $1.5 billion. Refu g ee assistance peaked in 1973, when the program spent $143.7 million and, prior to the Mariel exodus, it had been estimated that fiscal year 1981 needs would be for no more than $45 million The budget then declined annually TEE CUBAN SUCCESS STORY The deve l opment of the Cuban exile community since the-early days-of dependence on government assistance is generally regarded as a success story,with good reason. Bank presidents and wealthy businessmen have evolved from immigrants owning nothing but the clothes on their backs, and refugees who started at the very bottom of a particular occupation have frequently risen to the top through dedication and hard work.
Like members of national groups who migrated to the U.S. in previous decades, Cubans were imbued with a high degree of motiva tion. According to sociologist Dr. Juan Clark, their intense determination is not totally coincidental It would have been 3. Rafael A. Penalver Post Graduate Program for Cuban Refugee Physicians ,I The Journal of the Florida Me,dic a l Association, Historical Issue Medicine and the Cuban Physician Vol. 64, No. 81, August 1977, p. 551. 7 difficult for them to leave the island that enqled them to overcome the harsh regime without s deterrents uch a motivation imposed by the The most dra m atic indication of the,prosperity Cubans have achieved over only twenty years is the fact that there are now approximately two hundred millionaires within the Cuban community in Miami, the city with the largest Cuban population. Other statistics reveal th e solid, if less spectacular, affluence which the average Cuban has attained. By 1970, it could be reported that It44% of Cubans in Miami own their own homes; 90% of the families possess at least one automobile; 37 two or more; radios and. televisions are- i n practically all homes; and 60% have air conditioning. At least 25% of the Cuban families travel during their vgcations, either within the United States or to a foreign land Four years later, the number of Cubans owning their own homes had risen to seyen ty percent.
The,,income of Cubans in Miami, while not yet up to the level of the American whites, has risen substantially. The 1967 median family income for Miami Cubans of $5,244 rose a dramatic thirty- seven percent to $7,200 by 19
70. In A977, it had risen to $14,000, and two years later, it had reached a high of $15,3
00. Sixty-nine percent of families earned over $12,000 and twenty-four percent over $15,000.
The 1977 earning power of Cubans was contrasted with that of other Hispanics and of the popu lation at large by Morris J. Newman, a Department of Labor statistician, in a 1978 study. At that time, the median income for all U.S. families was $16,009 while that for Cubans was $14,0
00. Mexicans followed with $12,000 blacks were next with an income of $9,563; and Puerto Ricans earned $7,9
72. The per capita income for Cubans, moreover, is closer to .the average per capita income for all Americans than the figures indicate, since for statistical purposes the Cuban family is considered to include 3.6 members, but the white American family 2.5 members Newman also analyzed Cuban employment patterns, finding that their employment record now comes close to matching that of all Americans, and far outdistances those of other Hispanic groups in the U.S.
At a time when.the jobless rate for all white workers in the U.S. was 6.2 percent, that for black workers 13.1 percent, and for the total Hispanic population 10.1 percent, that for the Cubans was 8.8 percent. Part of this,.moreover, may be due to 4. Juan H. C lark Why? The Cuban Exodus Union of Cubans in Exile, 1977 5. Harvey Rosenhouse The Exodus and Success of Cubans Vision (Vol. 38, p. 27.
No. 5 March 13, 1970 (page 2 of reprint). the Cubans' unusually high participation in the labor force their 64.1 percent partjcipation is actually slightly higher. than the 62.3 percent participation among the overall working-age U.S population.
Statistics for 1978 and 1979 continue to bear out the pattern of unemployment. In 1978, unemployment for American-born whites in Miami was 5.8 percent, for blacks 10.2 percent and for Hispanics 6.2 percent; in 1979 4.9 percent of the whites, 9.3 percent o f the blacks and 5.2 percent of the Hispanics were unemployed In examining the employment of Hispanics by occupation Newman found a pattern recuring. The participation of Cubans in the higher paid professions requiring more training fell slightly behind th e U.S. average, but was substantially ahead of that of other Hispanic groups. Indeed, the likelihood of a Cuban holding a position from the ''professional or technical" category was about forty percent higher than for the average Hispanic. The probability of his holding a managerial position was even higher.
That the Cubans have reached their current economic level is impressive considering the large numbers who never totally overcame their initial barriers of language and their lack of educational credenti als which would be officially recognized in the United States A study conducted in 1974 indicated that 41.93 percent of the college graduates sampled were working as sales persons.
By comparison, almost the ,same percentage of individuals with a high school education (50 percent) held jobs in that category.
Of the college graduates, only 16.12 percent held professional positions, and 12.9 percent were employed as elementary and high schoo1,teachers. In spite of the programs providing for English training, 55 percent of the respondents felt they did not have sufficient knowledge of the English language, and 25 percent felt they did not have a better job because of their lack of English The greatest waste of human capital occurred in the category of middle- a ged professionals who, because of families to support found it impossible to leave the job market for the years of study required to earn a U.S. license to practice their former careers. difficulty in overcoming the language barrier, given the inverse rel a tionship between age and ability to learn a new language This age group was also the one with the greatest The success which Cubans have attained overall is worth revjewing in some detail. In 1967, Miami Cubans owned 919 busi nesses; this number had incre ased to 8,000 in 1976 and to 18,000 by 19
80. In 1978, it was reported that they ran 230 Latino restaurants, thirty furniture factories, twenty garment plants, a shoe factory employing 3,000 and about 30 transplanted cigar factories. Cubans currently also own over sixty car dealerships more than 500 supermarkets, over 250 drugstores, and they now own or operate eighty percent of all service stations in the Miami area.
By 1971, Cubans were putting up about thirty percent of all the construction in the city, including a $35 million, 40-story office building designed to-be the tallest structure in Florida.
Cubans now make up seventy-five percent of all construction workers as well, an increase of fifteen percent in the last two years alone.
One area in which the success of Cubans has been conspicuous is banking. By 1978, they controlled 14 of 67 local commercial banks; one of these, the Continental National, saw its 1974 level of $2 million in deposits grow to $29 million within four years In 1971, there wer e three bank presidents, twenty-one vice pres.1 dents and five hundred offkers of Cuban origin; by 1980, the number of bank presidents alone had grown to sixteen.
The pattern of success has been repeated in other parts of the country In 1971, it was estima ted that of the almost 5,000 Cubans living in Atlanta, Georgia, about one hundred were in various businesses, and about fifty percent of the adults held positions as college or university professors, doctors, engineers accountants or business executives. B y that time, some 3,000 Cubans taught in colleges and universities around the country THE MEDICAL PROFESSION Cuban doctors as a group have been particularly successful and because they arrived in this country at the time of an increas ing shortage of phys icians, their contribution takes on a special dimension care to individuals who would otherwise have been unassisted. An example of this occurred in Milledgeville State Hospital, where Cubans at one time made up sixty percent of the resident physicians.
In 1971, sixty-eight percent of the 113 doctors on the staff were Cubans, as were five of the ten directors, each of whom headed units with seven hundred to a thousand patients. Cuban Refugee Program Director Howard Palmatier declared at the time, "This hos p ital would not be.open.today were it not for.the services of Cuban physicians Many are now employed throughout the country providing I dread to think of the many hundreds of citizens who would be without medical attention in that situation. I, 6 In 1971, U .S. News and World Report reported that whole hospitals were staffed by Cuban doctors, citing as a qrime example the three hundred bed Pan-American Hospital in Miami. By 1973 Cubans ran about a dozen private clinics in Miami alone, a number which stood at fifteen by the end of the decade. At present there are estimated'to be 3,500 practicing Cuban physicians in Miami alone, with up to another 2,000 Cubans being in the process 6. Penalver, pp. 551-552 7 Flight from Cuba Castro's Loss is U.S. Gain," U.S. New s ti World Report May 31, 1971, p. 74 10 of preparing .for the Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates Examination or going through medical school In October 1960, eighty-seven Cuban doctors founded the Cuban Medical Association in Exile, whic h received the official recognition of the AMA the following year. By 1977, the 3,070 member association was'officially recognized by medical associa tions throughout Latin America, and by schools of medicine research centers and governments both in the Un ited States and throughout the Western Hemisphere.
While the contribution of Cuban physicians in saving lives cannot be tabulated in dollars and cents, it is possible to measure the savings to Americans in medical training costs. Dr.
Juan Clark did this i n the early seventies, at a time when he estimated there were 3,100 practicing Cuban physicians in the United States Bearing in mind that the cost of medical school exclusive of previous education, ranges between $64,000 and 104,000 for a four-year course , the contribution to this country by this group of Cubans coNld be estimated conservatively between 198.4 to $322.4 million. I Many of the .Cuban doctors, moreover, have distinguished themselves within their profession. According to Dr. Emanuel M Papper, D ean of the University of Miami School of Medicine, the graduates of the refresher course not content with attaining minimum licensure requirements, have continued their studies and training. All American medical specialty boards now number Cubans among th eir members. Cuban physicians appear as authors in the best medical journals and as lec5urers at almost every medical meeting of the last ten years.'I WELFARE AND TEE CUBAN COMMUNITY As might be inferred from the facts outlined thus far,.
Cubans have relied on their own labor for sustenance, and few have depended on government assistance for any length of time.
While in 1963, forty-five percent of Cubans were receiving govern ment aid, this situation changed quickly. Two years later Howard Palmatier reported that less than five percent of the resettled refugees ever required welfare assistance, and then only for short periods of time. In Miami itself, the caseload had been reduced by 1965 to 8,000 cases involving 14,000 people many of them aged, physically handicapped, or women with young children. It also included some 1,500 cases of men who with basic training i n English and job skills- could be expected 8. Juan M. Clark, The Exodus from Revolutionary Cuba (1959-1974 A Sociolo gical Analysis, Doctoral Dissertation, University of Florida, 1975, p 143 9. Penalver, p. 553 11 sQon to leave the rolls. By 1979 it was reported that eighty percent of the Cubans who remained on the rolls were over sixty years of' age.
Relatively few cases of Cubans becoming chronically dependent on government assistance have been reported and, as a 1964 program proved, remedial steps tend to be highly effective As the stream of refugees slowed down, the Refugee Center developed a program focusing on 3,800 unskilled female heads of households who subsisted in the Miami slums on a $100 monthly government payment Under "Training for Ingepend e nce, It subsequent receipt of these women's welfare checks was made contingent on their attend ing job training sessions, usually in the operation of power sewing machines. Child care services were provided for the women's dependents. Of the 3,800 women a s ked to take part, about three-fourths did so, and about eighty percent of those enrolled in the first courses found steady work immediately after finishing training A Cuban Refugee Program pamphlet describes the continu ing success of the program Whereas i n mid-1964, when the project was launched and when there were 3,800 female heads of families who were dependent upon public assistance, in January 1968, after new arrivals had been coming in at the rate of 200 a day for almost two years, only 341 female h e ads of families were receiving public assistance A few have prospects for resettle ment or jobs Some will no doubt be enrolled later; most will be found to have other plans which makes enrollment unnecessary 1) 10 In 1971, David Caveda, a Cuban leader and manufacturers representative in Columbus, Ohio, summed up his countrymen's philosophy toward government assistance, IrI know of only three Cuban families on welfare, all of them aged. There are no able bodied Cubans on welfare. We belong to a society wher e people take care of one another. Therelfs a pattern the ones, estab lished here help the newcomers available, but such information as exists indicates that Cubans have not created a social problem in this reqard. In 1971, Miami Comprehensive statistics o n criminality by Cubans are not Police Chief Bernard Garmire told Business Week that Cubans accounted for only five or six percent of the crime in the city although composing thirty percent of the population. On the same point, Howard Palmatier stated, ItI ' ve had an opportunity to speak with civic leaders, with church leaders, and by and large they have only good things to say about the refugees that they are 10. "Training for Independence U. S. Cuban Refugee Program, Social and Rehabilitation 'Service, Dep a rtment of Health, Education and Welfare, p. 18 A New Approach to the Problems of Dependency 11. "Flight from Cuba Castro's Loss is U.S. Cain p. 76. 12 ambitious, have strong family ties, and do not show up aficrime statistics, something of which we are es p ecially proud.Il Interviewed in 1973 by the National Geographic, Chief Garmire indicated that the Cubans' record remained,good. As Cubans made up a third of the city's population in theory, they should produce about a third of our crime. Yet they account- f or only ten to twelve percent of criminal arrests. Much of the crime in Little Havanfiis committed by outsiders who come in and victimize the Cubans.Il According to Officer Robert Rogers Yee, also interviewed by National Geographic If [T] hq, ones in thei r twenties and thirties or older, they're very law abiding, very respectful of the uniform.
No Cuban has ever called me 'pig' or 'fuzz I've had them come up and say, 'Anything I can do to help, you can depend on me.
And they really mean it1 I think many o f them would risk their lives for a policeman.ll This respect for the law is similarly reflected in the conduct of young people in school. According to Juan Clark I [T]he crime rate among the young Cubans appears to- be. dispropor tionately inferior to th e ir corresponding percentages within the total population. Thus the proportion of Spanish youngsters involved in school-related crimes constituted only seven percent 11 15 of the total offender population in 1975 when this ethnic group represented more tha n thirty percent of the entire school body.
It was reported in 1970 that 'Ithe only aspect in which the Cubans are worse than the native Miami population is in 'khat pertaining to traffic violations An aggressive driving style and a tendency to abuse the u se of the horn tends to make Cubans receifg a substantial amount of fines. But even this is improv ing.
ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT The performance of Cuban children in school has generally been above average, a fact which Juan Clark attributes to the values pro moted in their home environment The high motivation of the elders is reflected on the young by the desire, within these, to achieve the highest possible level of education. Thus 12 How the Immigrants Made It Business Week, May 1, 1979 (page 2 of 13. Edwar d J. Linehan Cuba's Exiles Bring New Life to Miami National 14 Ibid p. 81 15. Clark Why? The Cuban Exodus p. 31 16. Rosenhouse, p. 3. reprint Geographic, July, 1973, p. 80 41 13 the high proportion of young Cubans attending colleges and univer sities is no ti??able not only in Florida, but also in other universities.
The initial concern among Miamians that the wave of refugee children would lower the educational standards of Dade Country proved groundless It was found that within 1.5 years children became mo re proficient in English, and in 1971 Paul W. Bell executive director of instruction for the countyIs school system declared By and large, Cuban kids have had more of a positive than a negative impact. The concern of many that academic stan dards would dr o p drastically&ecause the Cubans didn't speak English never materialized By early 1980 Hispanic youngsters made up a third of Dade CountyIs pupil population and according to a report issued two years earlier they score well abovfgother Dade students on Eng l ish and math achievement tests.II According to 1976 statistics, seventy-two percent of Cuban high school graduates went on to college. By 1971, 12,800 loans had been given to Cuban college students, and, reported U.S. News World Report, I'Congress recentl y heard testimony that of (these loans only 147 were gglinquent a performance which outstrips the national average. I According to statistics, moreover, Cubans placed less of a burden on the public school system than was originally expected.
They have a gr eater tendency to send their children to private schools, and by the late Seventies they had started about thirty of their own Many Cuban students have excelled in scholastics or school athletics. In 1979 it was reported that 'I[e]ven the most obsti nate n atives of Miami are proud of Carlos Alvarez, a University of Florida football player who occupies a prominent place in the North American sports scene. Many other Cuban high schoolkoys are football stars. The most outstanding Florida student last year was Rafael Penalver, a Cuban. And the student who received the honor of addressing the Catholic University2pf Washington D.C at the end of the year was also a Cuban. If IMPACT ON MIAMI As early as 1962, the Saturday Evehinq Post voiced a concern in relation t o the first wave of Cubans that is being repeated 17. Clark Why? The Cuban Exodus p. 27 18. "How the Immigrants Hade It p. 2 19 Hispanic Americans, Soon: The Biggest Minority Time, October 16 1978, p. 51 20. "Flight from Cuba Castro's Loss Is U.S. Gain p. 7 7 21. Rosenhouse, p. 2 14 now with regard to the 1980'exiles. It worried that "Miami is a tourist center, and its economy is unable to accommodate the heavy flaw of refugees Of the.75,000 in the Miami area, about 27,000 with dependents it would come to 54 , 000) are unemployed 122 Because of current concerns that the 1980 exiles will place an intolerable strain on Miami's job. market and the resources of the Florida government and that they will become one more burden on the shoulders of hard-pressed America n taxpayers it is- important to analyze the effect Cubans have had on the city of Miami i Exactly how many Cubans live there, no one knows. Some experts place the figure as of late 1979 as high as 550,000 and even 600,0
00. Cubans make up an estimated 85 percent of Dade Countyls Hispanic population, which in turn comprises at least 40 percent of the country's total population.
Analysts agree that, far from placing a permanent burden on the city, this large bloc of newcomers has transformed its economic structure in the process of improving its own collective fortune.
Before 1959, Miami's sluggish economy was almost totally dependent on the tourist trade, with its volatile ups and downs, and its lopsided seasonal cycles. In the past twenty years tourism has been strengthened further and expanded to a year-round business and important new sources of employment and revenue have come into being.
Miami as a direct result of its transformation, by virtue of the very presence'of the Cubans, into what has been ter med 'Ithe new capital city of Latin America.It An unprecedented prosperity has been created in Attracted by the Hispanic atmosphere of the city, Latin American tourists flock to Miami in increasing numbers. By 1978 over 5 million came annually, and this n u mber has continued to grow at a current rate of 15 percent a year. The contribution of these tourists to the economy, moreover, is higher than that of American visitors, for in 1978 it was estimated that the average Latin tourist spent about $1,000, while U.S. and Canadian visitors only spent $4
08. Unlike Americans, furthermore, Latins are undeterred by Miami s hot humid summers, and come all year round.
The wealthier Latins are giving an addition al boost to the economy by investing in real estate. In 1978 the president of the largest real estate firm in the South estimated that sixty percent of the luxury condominiums on Brickell Avenue in Key Biscayne, and about thirty percent of those on Miami B each were being bought by Latins. By 1980, their annual investment in this field probably amounts to over $1 billion annually 22 Our Refugees from Castroland Saturday Evening Post, June 16, 1962 15 The I'LatinizationI' of Miami has spurred and diversified its economy in other ways as well. Banking is a dramatic example.
International banking has evolved from a modest business to one of such magnitude that by 1978 only New York had more banks specializing in international transactions. Currently, fifteen fo reign banks have branches in the city, and another fifteen local banks (an increase of four over the last two years) provide facilities similar to those offered by foreign banks under the Edge Act Gradually Miami has become a seat for international corpor a tions as well. By 1971, 33 American companies had set up their Latin American trade headquarters in the Miami suburb of Coral Gables. Seven years later, this number had grown to 76, and by 1980, 90 multinational corporations had opened their Latin Ameri c an headquarters in Miami. According to the Washinqton Post Most of the firms made the move after consider ing a half dozen or more Latin American cities. Coral Gables, for instance, beat out Mexico City, Bogota, Caracas, San Juan Buenos Aires, Sao Paolo a n d Rio when E.I. du Pont deNemours was picking a new Latin head quarters last year The company decided it was simply faster to telephone, fly and mail to South America from MiBi than from any South American country. I In all, international trade generated $ 4 billion in state income by 1978, and has led to the creation of 167,000 jobs In an interview with columnist Joseph Kraft, Florida governor Bob Graham summed up the effect Cubans have had in turning Miami into an international business center. was born i n Miami in 1936, and'I grew up in Miami, and I remember that the city slogan was 'Gateway to South America In fact we were the gateway for South Georgia slogan a reality."
BuZqthe advent of the Cuban refugees made the The presence of Cubans has diversified and expanded the economy of Miami in other ways as well. 25,000 Cuban workers form the backbone for a garment industry which has grown to be the third largest in the United States. South Florida agricul ture has also been effected by the advent of Cubans , according to Juan Clark 23. Bill Peterson Miami: Cuba's Uprooted Elite Creating a New Latin.Capita1,"
Washinqton Post, December 3, 1978, p. A21 24. Joseph Kraft, "New Status for Refugee-Swollen Florida," Los Angeles Times May 14, 1980. 16 As the Cuban po pulation increased, a great demand for their typical staples such as ycca, boniato and 'malanga developed Eventually Cuban farmers began to cultivate them, and hundreds of acres have been planted resulting in the possibility of exporting these products no w . The sugar industry has been the one gaining the most with the exper- tise in this field introduced by the refugees. Hundreds of Cubans have significantly contri buted to this industry. Most of the sugar mills in the South Florida area...are practi cally run by Cubans also been influenceasin the same form, but at a lesser magnitude.
The cattle sector has Some statistics demonstrated in a specially dramatic way the increase of capital in Miami. For example, the total assets of savings and loans came to just under $3 million in 19
70. Eight years later, this had increased to over $12.6 billion. Statistics from commercial banks tell a similar story: their deposits grew during the same eight-year period from $3.2 billion to $7 billion Miami has benefited from the presence of Cubans in other ways as well. One example is the unofficial "urban renewal program which this group has carried out. In 1960, the center of Miami was submerged in fgonomic decadence1# and its buildings deteriorating rapidly. I' Cubans beg a n concentrating in a decaying residential section close to Downtown Miamill which later came to be 'known as Little Havana, and which had the advan tage of being a low rental area with many closed stores. Juan Clark states Cubans took advantage of the (cl o sed stores and gradually began to settle here while the Anglo population was moving further away into the suburbs. An informal urban renewal program began to take place along Eighth Street and its vicinity as Cubans developed roots, by improving and remod e ling the house they were gradually purchasing. Eventually the exiles began moving into Hialeah, West Chester and other suburban areas while Little Havana gained more population from the new arrivals. Further uplifting actually occurred here through the re p lacement of many of2fhe old housing units by brand new ones 25. Clark, Why? The' Cuban Exodus p. 29 26. Rosenhouse, p. 2 27. Clark Khy? The Cuban Exodus pp. 29-30 17 By 1980, the Christian Science Monitor stated flatly, "There are no Cuban ROLE IN POLITIC S As the status of Cubans shifted from that of presumably temporary exiles in.the U.S. to that of permanent inhabitants their attitude toward this country .has changed accordingly An increasing number is adopting American citizenship, and becoming involved in the political process as well. While in 1970 only 10 percent of the Cubans in Miami were American citizens, by 1980 177,000 were citizens and additional 320,000 had become perma nent resident aliens, a preliminary step to citizenship. In a recent surve y of non-citizens, futhermore, 86.4 percent indicated they intended to become citizens. Their participation in elections moreover, is an unusually high 70 percent of registered voters.
Already the mayor of Miami, Maurice Ferre, is a Latin, the chairman of the State Democratic Party and two city council members of the Miami suburb of Hialeah are Cubans, and the number of Cuban elected officials is expected to increase sharply over the next decade.
Cubans are taking an increasingly prominent role in-civic causes. Their interest grew slowly at first for several reasons.
Most importantly they initially regarded their stay in the U.S. as temporary, and saw themselves as visitors in the community rather than members. At the same time, during the difficult transi tion of their first years in exile, their efforts were too absorbed in financing the necessities of life to make it possible for them to contribute either time or money to civic activities.
In the last decade, this has changed substantially. Cubans are he avily involved in such fund-raising organizations as the Heart Fund, the March of Dimes, United Fund and Boy and Girl Scouts. They have enriched the cultural life of the city by the establishment of a light opera company, two ballet companies, six theater s and many libraries and art galleries.
When the new wave of exiles arrived in Key West, Cubans were the first to help, contributing over $2 million in food and clothing alone within the first month. They contributed thousands of hours in services, providi ng the new exiles with health and legal services, and helping them with the red tape of the immigra tion process. In response to this massive mobilization of assist ance, a White House aide declared, don't know of any other community in the country that h a s the resources, the motiygtion and the organization to do what the Cuban-Americans did 28. Geoffrey Godsell The Cubans Christian Science Monitor, April 30 29. Kraft New Status for Refugee-Swollen Florida 1980, p. 12 18 The population of the Miama area ha s almost doubled in the last twenty years from its 1960 base of one million people, and its civilian labor force has increased from 408,300 to 721,455 as of March 19
80. Significantly, the creation of jobs has roughly kept pace In 1960 there were 381,000 jobs being filled; this had grown to 639,800 by 1978, at a time when there was a labor force of 688,000.
Even if the Latin atmosphere brought to Miami by the Cuban's had not attracted outside capital it is inevitable that their presence in and of itself wo uld have created jobs. Meeting the consumer needs of hundreds of thousands of new residents necessar ily causes the economy to eApand and this in turn creates jobs for those new residents In the specific case of the Cubans, having a language and a cultura l orientation different from that of Americans, it was almost inevitable that a complex infra-structure, creating thousands of jobs, should develop to provide the community with goods and services carrying a distinct ethnic flavor. The hundreds of restaura n ts and grocery stores specializing in Cuban foods, and the flourishing Spanish language communications media (one televi sion station, six 'radio stations, and many newspapers) are only two examples An economic structure has evolved coverins all Dhases of human' activity, and at least theoretically allowing a person to live out his whole life without going outside the Cuban community A child could be brought into the world by a Cuban doctor in a Cuban-owned clinic, receive his education in a Cuban-run scho o l spend his adult life working in a Cuban enterprise and be buried by a Cuban funeral home The size of this self-contained structure is hard to estimate but an idea of its scope can be gathered from a recent survey which indicated that 33.6 percent af Cub a ns speak only Spanish at work, and an additional 22.6 percent speak l'mostlyll Spanish While .it can be argued that none of this activity is of any special benefit to American-born Miamians, it must be remembered that the tax revenues from the Cuban econo mic structure assist all residents of the city.
Substantial concern exists now about the burden which the 1980 Cuban exiles will place on Miami's economy. While the existence of an immediate strain, aggravated by the consequences of the recession afflicting the whole country, cannot be denied there is e very reason for long-term optimism If the, history of the past twenty years is any guide, the very presence of these new residents will create an expansion of the job market, and the labor force they create will attract yet new capital and new industries T he exiles of twenty years ago proved wrong the critics who feared that their presence would cause Miami's economy to collapse; there is every reason to think that this worry will once more be proved groundless. 19 THE TAX BURDEN In assessing the developme n t of the Cuban community, the single most controversial point is determining the exact extent to which its members have been an asset or a burden to this country. At a time when hard-pressed American taxpayers are being asked to provide funds for the assi stance of a new wave of refugees, the question is an entirely legitimate one.
Many contributions by the Cubans on which it is difficult to place a price tag have already been discussed. One purely quanti tative method of determining their financial contrib ution is by establishing the amount they have paid in taxes An absolute amount is difficult to establish, as no statistics are available on the specific point. Nevertheless, with such figures as exist a rough calculation can be made. Assuming a Cuban popu l ation in Miami of 400,000 (which is probably an under count and family income of $14,000 for 1977 14,800 for 1978 and $15,300 for 1979, and a federal income tax rate of twenty-five percent, federal income tax payments for those three years would be as fol lows 390 million for 1977; $410 million for 1978; and 425 million for 19
79. The three figures total $1.225 billion.
Even on the basis of what is probably a population undercount and a very modest tax base, and without the inclusion of other revenue gener ating factors such as real estate, sales and corporate taxes, new tourist dollars from abroad, or even the inclusion of the other 300,000 Cubans living in the United States, it is clear that in the last three years alone the Cubans living in Miami returne d to the government almost the entire amount spent on their assistance of the whole community over the last twenty years. So while it is difficult to estimate the exact amount contributed by Cubans to the U.S. government, this rough calcula tion makes clea r that the figure is quite high; Miami's Mayor Maurice Ferre has calculated, in fact, that the total amount is approximately five times higher than the total aid Cubans have received CONCLUSION Concerns about the ability of the United States to absorb immi g rants, and about the sheer desirability of admitting large numbers of foreign nationals in the country, are nothing new, and in fact predate the.twentieth century. Yet'the pattern established earlier of immigrants being absorbed into American society with in a relatively short period of time seems to have held true in modern times as well The Indochinese migration in 1975 serves as a good example.
When large numbers of Vietnamese, Cambodians and Laotians first arrived, there was considerable worry about the ir becoming a burdlen. Yet within two years only eleven percent of refugee 20 families were totally dependent on welfare, and by 1978, 93.1 percent of the Indochinese in the labor force actually held jobs.
Although close to.375,000 Indochinese refugees ha ve arrived since 1975, and indeed continue to enter the U.S. at the rate of 14,000 per month, there have been no widespread reports of adjustment problems since the initial transition periods tion of large numbers of immigrants may be due to their failure to understand the total immigration picture. While refugee waves that number in the hundreds of thousands receive widespread publicity, a far larger number of immigrants are quietly admitted to the country annually of 1978 (the most current figures availa ble), over four million foreign nationals came to the U.S. under this legal classification.
If it is possible for our economy to absorb such large numbers of newcomers and this has manifestly, been the case it is no wonder that much smaller groups who ente r under a different legal classification are absorbed as well Americans' periodic surprise at the relatively easy assimila I.n the ten-year period through the end When Cuban refugees began arriving on U.S. shores in 1959 many Americans had concerns simila r to those being expressed in 19
80. There were worries about the ability of the American economy to absorb the newcomers, and about their taking jobs away from native Americans. General concerns existed about how they would adapt, and about how they would affect the general tenor of life in those areas where they congregated left the welfare rolls after an initial period of receiving modest government assistance, accepting willingly whatever jobs were available, and in many cases subsequently rose to the t op of their occupational ladder. Their very presence has had the effect of creating jobs, especially in Miami, and the Latin flavor they brought to the city led to an unprecedented diversi fication of its ec.onomic base Experts agree that the' worries wer e unnecessary. Cubans Measured by any standard, Cubans have contributed significant ly to the United States and have proved to be good citizens.
There is every reason to think that the pattern they established will be followed by their newly arrived fellow countrymen.
Prepared at the request of The Heritage Foundation by Sylvia Castellanos Miss Castellanos has been Research Director of the Senate Steering Committee for the past five years. | <urn:uuid:3b9911ed-2ce2-414f-a679-718538266566> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/1980/07/the-cuban-refugee-problem-in-perspective-1959-1980 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00403-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969243 | 10,891 | 3.015625 | 3 |
Stanley v. Georgia
Annotate this Case
394 U.S. 557 (1969)
- Syllabus |
U.S. Supreme Court
Stanley v. Georgia, 394 U.S. 557 (1969)
Stanley v. Georgia
Argued January 14-15, 1969
Decided April 7, 1969
394 U.S. 557
Under authority of a warrant to search appellant's home for evidence of his alleged bookmaking activities, officers found some films in his bedroom. The films were projected and deemed to be obscene. Appellant was arrested for their possession. He was thereafter indicted, tried, and convicted for "knowingly hav[ing] possession of . . . obscene matter" in violation of a Georgia law. The Georgia Supreme Court affirmed, holding it
"not essential to an indictment charging one with possession of obscene matter that it be alleged that such possession was 'with intent to sell, expose or circulate the same.'"
Appellant contends that the Georgia obscenity statute is unconstitutional insofar as it punishes mere private possession of obscene matter. Georgia, relying on Roth v. United States, 354 U. S. 476, argues the statute's validity on the ground that "obscenity is not within the area of constitutionally protected speech or press." Id. at 354 U. S. 485.
Held: The First Amendment as made applicable to the States by the Fourteenth prohibits making mere private possession of obscene material a crime. Pp. 394 U. S. 560-568.
(a) Neither Roth, supra, nor subsequent decisions of the Court were made in the context of a statute punishing mere private possession of obscene material, but involved governmental power to prohibit or regulate certain public actions respecting obscene matter. Pp. 394 U. S. 560-564.
(b) The Constitution protects the right to receive information and ideas, regardless of their social worth, and to be generally free from governmental intrusions into one's privacy and control of one's thoughts. Pp. 394 U. S. 564-566.
(c) The State may not prohibit mere possession of obscene matter on the ground that it may lead to antisocial conduct, Roth, supra, distinguished, or proscribe such possession on the ground that it is a necessary incident to a statutory scheme prohibiting distribution, see Smith v. California, 361 U. S. 147. Pp. 394 U. S. 566-568.
224 Ga. 259, 161 S.E.2d 309, reversed and remanded. | <urn:uuid:e6fcf4bb-fabf-4406-a1ef-689accd2d429> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/394/557/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719079.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00033-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.920488 | 543 | 1.570313 | 2 |
- This is the detailed lesson plan. Students will be guided through the strategies included in reciprocal teaching as they read/listen to the Goshute tale "Coyote Loses His Eyes." based on the Goshute story booklet adapted by Kathryn Hurst and Cultural Consultants Genevieve Fields and Chrissandra Murphy. This story should only read told or read during the winter months. The Native American Indian Literacy Project was made possible by funds from the Utah State Office of Education (USOE). It is a joint effort of the USOE and San Juan School District Media Center.Lesson Plan Author: Patricia Helquist
- Remix of:
- Coyote and Frog Race Lesson Plan
- Elementary English Language Arts, Social Studies
- Lower Elementary, Upper Elementary
- Material Type:
- Lesson Plan
- Katie Blunt
- Utah State Board of Education
- Date Added:
- Public Domain Dedication
- Media Format:
No evaluations yet.
This resource has not been reviewed or approved by the Utah Education Network or Utah State Board of Education. | <urn:uuid:01f08d44-825e-4b48-9737-a48ef8ad104d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://emedia.uen.org/courseware/lesson/3291 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.903485 | 276 | 3.734375 | 4 |
Current HAI data reports are available on this page. For previous HAI reports, please visit the Data Archive page.
From The Impact of COVID-19 on HAI Incidence in 2020
- Impact of COVID-19 on HAIs in 2020: A summary of data reported to NHSN
Presents a comparison between 2019 and 2020 national and state quarterly standardized infection ratios (SIRs) for central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI), catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI), ventilator-associated events (VAE), surgical site infection (SSI), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia LabID, and Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) LabID from acute care hospitals.
From the National and State Healthcare-Associated Infections Progress Report
- At the national level, among acute care hospitals there was about 5-11% statistically significant decrease in CDI and SSI following colon and abdominal hysterectomy surgeries between 2019 and 2020, and there was no significant change in CAUTI. There were significant increases in VAE (35%), CLABSI (24%), and MRSA (15%) between 2019 and 2020.
- Highlights of 2020 state performance compared to the 2015 national baseline SIR of 1:
- 49 states performed better on at least two infection types
- 6 states performed worse on at least two infection types
See: Current HAI Progress Report for more information about national and state-level HAI data, measured using the standardized infection ratio (SIR).
A Comparison between the Impact of COVID-19 on HAIs in 2020 paper and the National and State HAI Progress Report
- The COVID-19 Impact paper and the 2020 HAI Progress Reports are two important publications that describe HAI incidence amid the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. The objective of these publications and the methods used in the analyses are different from each other. The comparison document pdf icon[PDF – 1 page] summarizes the methods used in the COVID-19 Impact paper and the 2020 HAI Progress Report. The COVID-19 Impact Paper is a one-time study that reviews the impact of COVID-19 on the HAI reporting and incidence by comparing the quarterly 2020 SIRs for consistent reporters to their 2019 quarterly SIRs, while the 2020 HAI Progress Report is an annual report that assesses the changes in 2020 annual data compared to 2019. Additional measures are included in each publication.
From the HAI Hospital Prevalence Survey
- On any given day, about 1 in 31 hospital patients has at least one healthcare-associated infection. Patients in the 2015 HAI Hospital Prevalence survey were at least 16% less likely than patients in the 2011 survey to have an HAI.
- 3% of hospitalized patients in the 2015 survey had one or more HAI.
- There were an estimated 687,000 HAIs in U.S. acute care hospitals in 2015. About 72,000 hospital patients with HAIs died during their hospitalizations.
The Antibiotic Resistance & Patient Safety Portal (AR&PSP) is an interactive web-based application that was created to innovatively display data collected through CDC’s National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) and other sources. It offers enhanced data visualizations through 4 main components:
- Antibiotic Resistance – with data from NHSN and the AR Lab Network
- Antibiotic Use and Stewardship – with data from NHSN (Antibiotic Stewardship) and Xponent database from Quintiles IMS (Antibiotic Use)
- Healthcare-Associated Infections – data display for the National and State Healthcare-Associated Infections Progress Report
- Geographic Location – for the nation and a state, view HAI data, AR data, and Antibiotic Stewardship data together on one page
The EIP HAIC has published the following current data reports:
- Current HAI Hospital Prevalence Survey: Changes in the prevalence of healthcare-associated infections in U.S. hospitalsexternal icon
- See also: HAI and Antibiotic Use Prevalence Survey
- 2018 Annual Report for the Emerging Infections Program for C. difficile Infection
- See also: C. difficile Infection (CDI) Tracking
- Multi-site Gram-negative Surveillance Initiative
- Invasive Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA/MSSA) Infection Tracking | <urn:uuid:03ade4c4-e094-413b-9af4-c0e44d00a536> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cdc.gov/hai/data/portal/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.896128 | 946 | 1.984375 | 2 |
17 blocks, -17$^o$ (i.e., 17$^o$ south of east).
Work Step by Step
The y-component of the displacement is -5 blocks and the x-component is 16 blocks. Use the Pythagorean theorem 3.4a to find the magnitude of the overall vector, and the definition of tangent, equation 3.4b, to find the angle. The vector has positive x-component and negative y-component, and points down and to the right. | <urn:uuid:d413a045-ba83-404d-9356-2fe106e5e7d7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.gradesaver.com/textbooks/science/physics/physics-principles-with-applications-7th-edition/chapter-3-kinematics-in-two-dimensions-vectors-problems-page-68/2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00554-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.905055 | 107 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Areas of Research
The learning sciences
In terms of theory and methodology, research at CoCo contributes to the field of the learning sciences. This emerging international and interdisciplinary field brings together researchers from the fields of education, computer and information science, cognitive science and psychology, artificial intelligence, linguistics, sociology, and anthropology to work on problems that are intellectually, economically, and socially central to life in the 21st century. These multiple disciplinary perspectives are necessary because a wide variety of factors influence learning: operating at scale levels from 'neurons to neighborhoods.' More information on the field of the learning sciences is available at the International Society of the Learning Sciences (ISLS).
Most of our research involves:
- Empirical investigations of learning, as it occurs, in a wide variety of real-world settings
- Understanding the role of new technologies in facilitating learning
- Forging strong connections between theory, design, innovation, and empirical study
We carry out research on learning in schools and universities, workplaces, and the home. We also study mobile and informal learning; learning by individuals, groups, teams, organisations and communities; and learning in all areas of life, and across the whole lifespan.
Our research is currently focused around three main themes as below:
- Complex learning for a complex world
- Pedagogical innovation and the design of powerful learning environments
Complex learning for a complex world
"The WHAT of learning"
There is a great deal of speculation about the nature of 21st Century Skills – the range of capabilities that people will need to thrive in a complex, rapidly changing world. Our research in this thematic area is aimed at providing sharper insights into new goals for learning so that valuable learning outcomes can be defined much more clearly.
We are focusing on three important areas: meta-literacies, epistemic fluency, and complexity and systems thinking. We are interested in how people learn to employ the ‘meta-literacies’ from various disciplines in new and flexible combinations that are responsive to complex and unforeseen task demands. Learners with these habits of mind are able to represent their knowledge contributions in new kinds of texts, often digitally mediated and multimodally constructed, which are appropriate and powerful in terms of the range and blend of modalities used and the purposeful synthesis of visual and linguistic genres. We are also interested in understanding core epistemic challenges of skilful participation in knowledge work – understanding how successful professionals learn to work fluently with diverse forms of knowledge and ways of knowing.
We note that researchers are investigating a variety of physical and social systems from the perspective of complexity. Briefly, complexity scientists study systems in which interactions between elements or “agents” at a micro level (often describable in terms of simple rules) result in aggregate properties at meso and macro levels of the system. Examples of complex systems include functional genomics, climate change, the Internet and the global economy. Virtually all types of complex systems impact the everyday lives of individuals and the operation of organizations. Our work in this area seeks to promote understandings of new conceptual tools in the physical and social sciences (informed by complexity and systems thinking) in order to enhance working knowledge of professionals, policymakers, and an informed citizenry who must deal with challenging social and global problems in the 21st century.
Pedagogical innovation and the design of powerful learning environments
"The HOW of learning"
CoCo researchers are actively involved with several research projects in conjunction with computer scientists at Sydney and other universities in which new types of advanced learning technologies are being designed for use in real classroom contexts. Examples of these projects include:
- Learning in virtual worlds with intelligent agent and data mining technologies
- Understanding the complexity of climate change with computer modeling and visualization technologies
- Visualising argument, text, and collaborative writing processes with machine learning technologies
- Hand held devices for mobile learning
These research projects also explore how these technologies can enable innovative learner-centred pedagogical approaches such as collaborative learning, knowledge-building pedagogy, and productive failure. Aligned with these projects is strong line of research on teachers as innovators of pedagogical practices.
CoCo also has a very strong research interest in design for learning. This includes some pioneering work on the use of design tools, design patterns, and pattern languages to help integrate empirical research, theory, and experiential knowledge in action-oriented guidance for designers.
"The STUDY of learning"
eResearch refers to scholarly practices enabled or enhanced by the combination of three developments of advanced digital technologies: large integrated data repositories, high-performance computing, and high-speed computer networks to allow researchers to work on large scale global problems or to conduct explorations at new levels of detail. Examples of eResearch problems range from the modelling of climate change and the exploration of human genome structures in physical sciences, to the studies of large linguistic corpuses and integrated social policy analyses in humanities and social sciences. CoCo researchers are exploring the use of eResearch techniques for capturing and analyzing extensive process data that new learning technologies may collect, which we believe has the potential for significant methodological innovation in learning sciences and educational research. We are also exploring how researchers use eResearch in their inquiry practices | <urn:uuid:323fa667-f25b-4a24-94d7-080881422cab> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://sydney.edu.au/education_social_work/coco/research/index.shtml | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00230-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.927237 | 1,066 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Motor repair is in many cases practical for DIYers. Not needing to buy a new appliance can be a handy saving.
- 1 Faults
- 2 Repairs
- 3 See Also
A dead motor means no current flow and no operation. This is usually caused by an open circuit winding or worn out brushes.
With a faulty winding, the motor conducts in most rotor positions, but goes open circuit in one position. This is easily checked with a multimeter, turning the rotor round gradually by hand.
Also see brushes
A stalled motor has current flowing but doesn't turn. When there is no jammed rotor its often caused by a failed starter capacitor.
It can also be caused by the load torque requirement exceeding the motor's starting torque. This happens in home designed equipment and equipment where the mechanical load has increased, maybe due to muck in load bearings or mechanical overload.
Less often it may also be caused by incorrect wiring. This tends to occur when scrap motors are reused for home made projects, or when historic equipment in poor condition is repaired. See rewiring.
Rarely a stalled motor can be caused by a failed run capacitor.
Repair options depend on the cause, and include:
Lateral movement of the motor shaft is sometimes due to bearing failure. In some cases the motor may continue to run like this for a limited time.
Note that many small fan motors are designed to operate with longitudinal shaft movement. Mounting position or the force generated by the fan blades keep the rotor in the right position during operation. These motors must be operated the right way up.
The repair options are bearing replacement & motor replacement.
Motor rotors can be locked in place due to a jammed load. If in doubt, separate the motor from its load to determine where the fault lies.
Jamming can also occur if a motor with intentional longitudinal movement is mounted the wrong way up. This is easily spotted by moving the rotor longitudinally and rotating; pushed to one end it will rotate heathily, moved the other way it will either jam fully or rotate part way only.
Overheating may be due to:
- dust clogged vents - clean
- partial winding short - rewind, replace or add a dropper
- mechanical overloading - reduce loading
- 220v motor on 240v - use a transformer or dropper
- 110v motor on 240v - use a transformer
- loose or broken self cooling fan blades
- centrifugal starting switch not opening at speed
- partly blocked air path in vacuum cleaners
- Motors designed for intermittent use being run for longer than rated (eg blenders, drills etc)
Smoking is overheating, see above section. Smoking quickly damages and destroys winding insulation. When testing a smoking motor, adding a series dropper can prevent rapid overheating and avoid further damage.
Noisy operation is normally due to bearing wear. This can cause noise in any frequency range from rumble to squeal. Sometimes the noise sounds normal but much louder. High noise levels occur not long before total bearing failure.
In some cases the noisy bearings are in the load rather than the motor itself. This often happens with washing machine drum bearings.
The only repair option is new bearings.
High noise levels can also be down to design, often the result of cost cutting. See noise reduction options.
A partial short on one of the windings causes high current draw in one rotor position. This blows fuses or causes rapid and/or severe overheating.
Live case or earth leakage
A live case or earth leakage is often due to insulation failure in the motor. Now this tends to cause repeated RCD trips.
Leakage can be caused by a few things. Buildup of carbon dust from the brushes is one, the carbon conducts electricity from commutator to motor case. Cleaning resolves this if sufficiently thorough.
It may also be caused by water in the motor, in which case prolonged drying can solve the problem.
The final cause is winding insulation breakdown. The normal option for this is a rewind. In a minority of cases its possible to remount the motor so its insulated from everything else. Care is needed to ensure it meets all the usual safety requirements, and that's often impracticable.
Swapping mains polarity was sometimes used in the past to enable such motors to function without fuse blowing or shock, but this is not totally safe practice as the supply neutral is still touchable, and can rise to a risk voltage during a fault. Experience in the US with 220v neutral chassis cookers has proven an excellent safety record, but this only applies when the appliance can't be plugged into a wrong polarity socket or lead by mistake. Such practice is not compliant with modern wiring regulations.
Commutators should be accurately cylindrical. Uneven segment height is usually due to damage caused by a faulty winding. The result is brush bounce, sparking, and a motor that only runs at low speed, if at all, or possibly runs fairly fast but behaves erratically.
Such damage requires rewinding and a new commutator.
A rarely chosen option is to file the commutator flat by running the motor on low voltage (via a transformer) and using a file, then using a dropper to limit current in use.
Replacement of motor or appliance are of course options. Appliance replacement is the most common approach, but in many cases is unnecessary.
Worn out brushes cause arcing, intermittent operation, then failure.
Brushes look like rectangular carbon rods, and are spring mounted. Brushed motors have 2 brushes (a lot of motors don't use brushes).
Brushes don't wear all the way down before they are spent. Normally the available brush movement is restricted, and once the limit of travel is reached, proper contact is no longer made.
There are various ways to mount brushes, an inspection of the motor should reveal all. Some new brushes require a release tab to be bent out the way to enable them to engage.
A few DIYers use variacs. These are designed to take a specific and uncommon design of brushes, made from a sandwich of high and low resistance material in bands. This gives good longitudinal conduction with higher lateral resistance, reducing winding shorting. Its recommended to use the correct type of brush, the wrong type causes increased power consumption and increased heating of the variac.
Bearings may be cleaned to some extent by running a solvent into them and operating the motor. The bearing should be relubricated with oil.
Disassembling the motor and cleaning out the bearing throughly is much more effective, but the above option is simple and sometimes sufficient. Bearings should be grease packed once cleaned out.
Motor replacement is often a quick easy fix, and is a good option when motor repair isn't worthwhile. It can be a no cost option when a similar donor scrap appliance is available.
Rewinding the motor is used to repair winding failures when the rest of the motor is in good condition, and motor replacement would be more expensive.
Replacement bearings are fittable on some motors.
Replace with the right capacity and voltage. Its recommended to use a capacitor designed for motor starting, as these are designed to survive dielectric puncture, which can occur in this application.
Some variation in capacity works ok when the load has low starting torque, but if the capacitor is too far out the motor either won't start or will run backwards.
Replace with exactly the right capacity and voltage. Using the wrong capacity causes loss of torque and overheating.
Switch contacts can be cleaned with very fine sandpaper, eg wet & dry or emery. Also usable: a fine file, scrape with the back of a knifeblade. Switch cleaner solvent is sometimes adequate.
Too little tension causes slipping and localised belt burning.
Too much tension causes accelerated bearing wear, and can cause noise and sometimes stiffness (which increases power consumption and motor operating temperature).
Correct belt tension is typically when the belt is reasonably easy to twist by 90 degrees on its longest free run. Higher tension makes this difficult, and low tension makes greater twisting easy.
Most domestic appliances that use belts have no self adjusting belt tensionsing mechanism. In these, the motor position is moved to achieve correct belt tension, and tension on the motor is maintained while the fixings are done up tight. This often requires 3 hands, or something just the right size to jam in to hold the motor while doing up the fixing bolts. Use a lever (prybar etc) to apply pressure to the motor to move it into final position.
Note that motor designs are not fully rigid, and rely on the motor mountings to hold the motor casing firm. With these, applying leverage to the end of the motor away from the belt can cause the motor casing to twist. In these cases the lever should be applied as near to the belt as possible, and its necessary to fully tighten all the motor mounting points.
Turn the motor
Some appliances with a dead winding can be started by turning the motor a little manually to get it to run, or by rotating the appliance a little so the motor turns enough to get going. Direct turning of the motor is of course done with a stick rather than a hand.
This is ok for small appliances where moving it is practical, and occasional failure to self start is acceptable. This is often ok as a temporary fix.
Droppers are sometimes used to limit current on motors drawing excess current, to enable them to continue in service safely and effectively long term. This is a bodge, but since it meets all the necessary requirements of working acceptably, being safe and being reliable, its an acceptable option at times. Its occasionally used to repair domestic appliances where motor rewind or replacement is uneconomic. It sees more use in industrial situations, where down time is expensive.
The addition of a series resistance with the reduced impedance of the motor results in reduced top speed and power. The result is normally a functional appliance with reduced performance. Final performance depends on the damage.
Motor current must be limited to a safe value in use, ie no higher than the motor's rated current. Motors using self-driven fan cooling will need to run at slightly reduced current to compensate for reduced cooling due to reduced speed. Where motors have unknown ratings, operating conditions can be determined by motor temperature. Its best practice to run the motor for some time to double check that it reaches a safe reliable working temperature.
If in doubt about how to achieve the right motor operating conditions, assistance may be sought in news:sci.electronics.basics.
If there is any doubt over the correct motor wiring, running the motor via a dropper prevents damaging excess current flow if the wiring is wrong. It also limits heat dissipation and prevents fuse blowing.
When testing with a dropper, a motor should only be powered up for seconds at a time, as overheating can occur in 10 or 20 seconds when there's no rotation.
Self cooling fan
Many motors have inbuilt fan blades to cool themselves.
If loose or detached it can be reattached.
If the fixing thread is damaged the fan blade may be welded, or glued with epoxy resin, with caveats. The glue may see high operating temperatures and/or high vibration levels, so high temp epoxy is required, the metal should be solvent degreased first, the glue should be symmetrical to minimise imbalance, and it has to be accepted that glue repairs don't always survive.
If the fan is badly damaged, a replacement part may be fashioned from sheet metal.
In principle an external fan can be attached to take over the function of the internal one. However in practice its difficult to generate enough airflow. The fan generally needs to run as fast as the motor, and this is often a much higher speed than most off the shelf fans. | <urn:uuid:6abfe276-2e28-4799-a0eb-ba81301316aa> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://wiki.diyfaq.org.uk/index.php/Motor_repair | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00340-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.933529 | 2,449 | 3.234375 | 3 |
This is he who came by water and blood—Jesus Christ; not by the water only but by the water and the blood. And the Spirit is the one who testifies, because the Spirit is the truth. For there are three that testify: the Spirit and the water and the blood; and these three agree. If we receive the testimony of men, the testimony of God is greater, for this is the testimony of God that he has borne concerning his Son. Whoever believes in the Son of God has the testimony in himself. Whoever does not believe God has made him a liar, because he has not believed in the testimony that God has borne concerning his Son. And this is the testimony, that God gave us eternal life, and this life is in his Son. Whoever has the Son has life; whoever does not have the Son of God does not have life.
- Jesus came by water and blood.
- The Spirit is the one who testifies that Jesus came by water and blood
- The Spirit testifies that Jesus came by water and blood because the Spirit is truth.
- The water, the blood, and the Spirit testify Jesus came by water and blood.
- If we believe what men say, we should believe what God says even more. Because God is greater than men.
- God gives testimony regarding Jesus.
- Anyone who believes in the Son of God i.e. Jesus, has the testimony of God.
- If we do not believe God concerning the His Son, Jesus, we call God a liar.
- The testimony of God is that we have eternal life in His Son Jesus.
- Anyone who has Jesus, God’s Son, has eternal life.
- Anyone who does not have Jesus, God’s Son, does not have eternal life.
What John meant by Jesus coming by water and blood is not certain. I have checked with several commentaries some say the water refers to Jesus baptism, others say this is probably not referring to Jesus baptism because John does not refer to it in his gospel. Still other commentators say it refers to the sacraments for baptism and the Lord’s Supper. Others disagree saying this is unlikely because John does not refer to the institution of the sacraments in his gospel. Again others say it refers to the water and blood that came out of Jesus side when the Roman soldier pierced Jesus’ side because John is the only gospel writer that refers to the water and blood coming out of Jesus side. It may make more sense if we knew more about the context of John’s letter. As it is, understanding the meaning of the water and blood may need to wait until we meet John in heaven when we can ask him directly. But it is probability making some reference to both humanity and deity of Jesus and the fact that Jesus actually died on the cross. Something the Gnostics disagreed with.
The testimony of the birth, death, and resurrection of Jesus is born by the Spirit of God. We are persuaded by the arguments and testimony of men. We trust some who says they “saw it with their own eyes.” The testimony of God is better than the testimony of men. It is God Himself who is testifying that Jesus is the Son of God, if we doubt that we are calling God a liar.
God has given use eternal life. He gave it. It is a gift. We did nothing to earn, merit or deserve it. We did not get it because we were better than someone else. We did not get it because we were smart enough to ask for it. We did not get it because He knew we would accept it. Why? We really do not know fully know why. We only know that it was according to His purpose. (Eph 1:11) But we have it. Praise be to God!
I believe verses 9 through 12 give us a good basis for good hermeneutics, i.e. how to read and understand the bible. We read the bible and wrestle with the meaning and understanding. After all, it was written a couple thousand years ago. The culture was different and society was different. How we understand and apply the message of the scripture is not always easy. We apply the best reasoning and arguments we can. After all, this is important. And we want to get it right. We listen to those who have studied and supposedly know. This is the testimony of men. They appear rational and reasonable. The questions they raise appear reasonable and valid. But regardless how reasonable and sound they appear, regardless of their emotional appeal, if the clear teaching of scripture is violated, then the answer we arrive at is incorrect.
Here is an example. There are those who claim the bible teaches that man has a free will. Since man has a free will, man must choose Christ and “ask him into their heart.” The bible clearly teaches that man has a will. It also clearly teaches that man is responsible for his choices. That not choosing God and obeying God’s commandments are sin. And the wages of sin are death and man is condemned to hell as punishment of his sin. Therefore it is a completely reasonable conclusion that man can choose God, and that God does not select some for redemption and not others.
There are others who point out clear passages where the bible teaches God is completely sovereign. It is God who decides. It is God who elects. Passages such as Romans 8 and 9 and Ephesians 1 and even the words of our Lord himself John 15:16-19. God chose us we did not choose him. In fact, we cannot choose him unless He has chosen us. (John 6:44) The conclusion is since God decides who will be saved and who will not, our free will has nothing to do with it.
Both sides will shout verses to each other. Why? Because, the bible teaches both. We have a free will and are responsible for our rejection of Christ. And God sovereignly chooses who will be redeemed. How can both be true? I do not know. But I know both are true. I know that both are true because the bible teaches both. To deny either is to call God a liar.
The principle here is we should use our best reasoning. But if our conclusions contradict the bible’s teaching, then we need to recognize we have made an error either in our assumptions or our logic. We then accept the testimony of God not of men. | <urn:uuid:9a6974e3-84c2-455a-89c9-75de41d0a8f4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://studythroughtheword.com/1-john-56-12/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572870.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817062258-20220817092258-00667.warc.gz | en | 0.975368 | 1,340 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Japan Bangladesh Society (JBS) is an international NGO, which has offered a bridge between Japan and Bangladesh through its activities programs and cooperative continuous efforts in health, education and culture endeavors.
ACITIVITIES IN JAPAN:
a) Introduce Bangladesh to Japanese people through various activities, such as the Boishakhi Mela.
b) Provide health care assistance and advice to expatriate Bangladeshi People.
c) Conduct study tour between Japan and Bangladesh.
ACTIVITIES IN BANGLADESH:
a) Provide support in running the Japan Bangladesh charity hospital at Khulna city, Bangladesh.
b) Health Education to the unprivileged people of the community of Khulna.
c) Introduce Japan to the Bangladeshi People, through organizing events such as workshop, study tour.
d) Arrange for training and exchange programs.
|Address||1-22-11 Sangenjaya, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 154-0024|
|Category||>> Probashi - Non Resident Bangladeshi (NRB)| | <urn:uuid:0d61a7f4-75ce-4b78-9776-0e47f050f110> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.bangladeshdir.com/probashi-non-resident-bangladeshi-nrb/japan-bangladesh-society-jbs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00240-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.885098 | 226 | 1.8125 | 2 |
At the point when you work on revising postural unevenness, you are chipping away at adjusting your stance and your body so your stance is right before you start. You should be adjusted appropriately before you can begin your working out program. Investigate proficient jocks some time. They have extraordinary stance, and that is no misstep. Be that as it may, numerous weight training programs don’t have this as a feature of their data despite the fact that this is essential for you. On the off chance that you don’t normally have legitimate stance, you’ll need to have this, since, supposing that you do, you can look more fit and conditioned just by the manner in which you hold yourself.
At the point when you work on lifting weights works out, you’ll likewise have to figure out how to settle your shoulders. On the off chance that your shoulders aren’t steady, this can really be impeding to you when you’re attempting to chip away at working out. You can harm your shoulders and subsequently yourself on the off chance that you don’t hold your shoulders appropriately. You would prefer not to be in torment in a couple of years since you didn’t do the legitimate methods needed for dependable lifting weights and best outcomes.
Center steadiness is significant, as well. Lifting weights practice exercises need to incorporate this data since center soundness shields your lower back from injury. In the event that you don’t foster center soundness, you could harm your back. Many existing lifting weights practice programs don’t actually zero in on center steadiness on the grounds that accomplished muscle heads as of now have center security. In the event that you don’t, however, you will have to figure out how to make your center stable before you can leave on a genuine working out program.
Moreover, your weight training exercise program should zero in on adaptability. You need adaptability all through your body, including your lower body and your chest area. In case you’re hardened before you start to work out, participate in some adaptability practices before you Genf20 Plus results start lifting weights decisively by utilizing stretches and practices intended for your body type that will give you most extreme adaptability. On the off chance that you don’t extend as expected and ensure you’re adaptable before you start weight training, you could harm yourself.
You may likewise find that you have portions of your body that are more evolved than others. This is ordinary, yet it should be adjusted. You’ll have to have a lifting weights practice program that spotlights on all muscles of your body similarly so that none are more evolved than others. Having portions of your body overdeveloped while the parts are immature can make the overdeveloped parts work more diligently and can cause injury. This likewise dials you back with regards to getting in your best shape.
As well as building bulk, you’re additionally going to have to chip away at cardiovascular molding. Bulk is incredible on the grounds that it can make you look conditioned and sound, however molding your heart and lungs is comparably significant. Cardiovascular exercise will assist with keeping you from injury and assist with keeping you sound while you put on the weight you need by participating in the remainder of your working out practice program, where you add muscle. Recall that cardiovascular molding is similarly just about as significant as building apparent muscle, however. | <urn:uuid:02a0ccb6-acbd-44a3-b4ad-3e04a11dafbc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.humanhariextensions.co.uk/finding-the-best-bodybuilding-exercise-for-you/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.96193 | 711 | 1.773438 | 2 |
By JOHN VAN KLAVEREN
Geelong research into the deadly Ebola virus has become a political football amid the state launch of science week in the city.
Greens acting leader Adam Bandt accused Federal Government of funding cuts that would undermine Ebola research at the CSIRO’s Australian Animal Health Laboratories (AAHL) in Geelong.
Industry Minister Ian Macfarlane hit back, accusing the Greens of alarmist and wildly distorted claims.
Mr Bandt said the Greens would move to reverse the $111 million cuts when federal parliament resumed.
The cuts would cost up to eight infectious disease research jobs at AAHL.
“I defy any Government backbencher to try justifying these cuts,” Mr Bandt said.
“Critical research at the CSIRO goes under the knife – it’s not acceptable.”
Mr Bandt said the high-containment facility housed research critical to protecting Australia from avian Influenza, SARS and the Hendra virus.
Mr Macfarlane said AAHL’s research on infectious diseases including Ebola would continue.
“CSIRO is making changes to the make-up of AAHL but advises the changes won’t compromise the ability to respond to emerging infectious disease threats such avian influenza and Hendra virus.
“Nor will there be any change to planned research with Ebola virus. Nor will the proposed changes compromise safety and security practices at AAHL.
“The Greens’ wild claims simply don’t stand up to scrutiny and they should apologise for deliberately misleading the public on this important issue.”
The public scrap erupted as Geelong hosted the National Science Week launch at Belmont’s Victorian BioScience Education Centre.
Mayor Darryn Lyons said Geelong was a science centre of excellence.
“Some of the most cutting-edge research in the world is being done in Geelong. In areas such as advanced materials manufacture and biomedical research we’re genuinely global-standard.
“The work being done by organisations such as Deakin University, CSIRO, Carbon Nexus and our health sector attracts praise from politicians, scientists and industrialists the world over.” | <urn:uuid:545b63fd-2715-4d64-a462-302ce285d25e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://geelongindy.com.au/indy/24-08-2014/ebola-research-brawl/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.909902 | 455 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Brian J. Hettler’s work is anything but subtle. He fuses digital imagery with saturated color and virtual elements. Even though Hettler works in digital media, he maintains the belief that his work acts as a painting built upon the directive of formalism. His work functions in a place between religion and science, emotion and sterility. He is a recent graduate from Kansas City Art Institute.
Amsterdam artist Mark Boellaard has a simple approach to collage. He uses new techniques marked by overtones of Surrealism. Follow his blog for more works by him. Or, for those fellow Flickr users, follow him on Flickr!
Adam Helms is known for drawing radicals and constructing ominous wooden watch towers. His current project is a series of 48 charcoal portraits in response to Gerhard Richter’s “48 Portraits.” Richter’s work used encyclopedia photos to catalog the iconic males of Western culture. Helms is also cataloging icons, but shifts focus to the dangerous fringes where civil wars and insurrections take place. Ranging over the entire political spectrum, from anti-establishment and anti-government groups to official government troops, Helms’ portraits are intentionally politically ambiguous, stating “The politics are less interesting to me then this idea of a repeated identity.”
Marek Haiduk is a designer form Germany. I like the interplay of black and white photography, a Minimalist color pallet and geometric shapes. Haiduk currently resides in Vienna, Austria. His work has been featured in publications like Computer Arts and recently exhibited at Lumas, a Berlin based gallery.
Today’s daily dose of inspiration comes from Michael Ostermann. His work is a mixture of vector art and surrealist imagery. Some of his work reminds me of horror flick cover art… all bad acting aside, the cover would be awesome. Very skilled illustrator/designer. Ostermann currently resides in Austria. | <urn:uuid:bc7db02d-952d-40b3-9f89-f965a4402054> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://beautifuldecay.com/2010/08/page/2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00082-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951253 | 409 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Last week, the U.S. Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals heard oral arguments in a crucial case for America and our charitable sector. As we’ve noted here before, The Philanthropy Roundtable filed an amicus brief in July in support of the Pacific Legal Foundation’s case Meland v. Padilla.
The Court heard arguments that have quickly spread since California lawmakers enacted SB 826 in 2019, requiring public companies based in the state to have a minimum number of women on their boards of directors. These arguments are used to support coercive mandates in other states considering similar legislation and even a proposal by the Nasdaq to promote diversity quotas on listed companies’ boards.
On the other side, the Court heard the case that the law unconstitutionally discriminates based on gender. While diversity, properly defined, is a laudable goal, this law imposes fines on companies that do not or cannot meet the quotas. This could cause many of them to flee the state and any drain from California means fewer resources for charitable causes in the state. The problem for the charitable sector is simple: less wealth and less money invested in California businesses means less charitable giving benefiting Californians.
As the Roundtable noted in our amicus brief, the law has already led to a loss in value of over $60 billion. As more businesses suffer higher costs, onerous fines, and leave the state, Californians and the charities they support will continue to pay the price of this mandatory discrimination. Our interest in this case runs deeper than the immediate loss of charitable resources. The major concern is that these mandates may spill over into the charitable sector, creating a dual punishment of fewer funds and higher compliance costs.
The damage this law will inflict is not limited to California’s borders. Over 12 percent of public companies are headquartered in the state. One-eighth of public firms in the U.S. will see an impact from California’s mandate alone as they are required to meet the prescribed quotas or pay steep fines. Nevertheless, the law has been held up as a model for other states considering similar mandates. Meland v. Padilla has the potential to stop these efforts and avoid sweeping economic damage. The Philanthropy Roundtable will continue closely watching this case and monitoring the law’s impact on philanthropy. | <urn:uuid:f960c776-9924-4cfc-8980-1a9d0ef059b1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.philanthropyroundtable.org/gender-mandates-on-the-docket-in-meland-v-padilla/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571502.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811194507-20220811224507-00068.warc.gz | en | 0.946892 | 473 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Slide tackles are a flashy part of the game. They are fun to watch and even more satisfying to perform. As players grow older, they may be tempted to try it out. But if you don’t know the rules or technique, these tackles can cause more harm than good. Rest assured, we’ll everything figured out, so slide tackles can be used safely and effectively.
A slide tackle is maneuver used by a defending player to attempt to take the ball away from an opponent by sliding on the ground. The most common uses of a slide tackle are when an opponent is about to take a shot, an opponent is on a break away towards goal, or when an opponent dribbles too far in front of his feet.
Slide tackles do have downsides. If the sliding players touches the player with the ball, the referee will call a penalty. For the worst offenses, referees issue a red card and will send your player off the field. Not what we are going for!
Or if the slide tackle is unsuccessful, the sliding player could lose the chance to regain possession, which could give the attacking team a wide-open shot on goal. Slide tackles should be taught correctly to avoid injury and penalties. Keep reading as we discuss a few more details.
How to Avoid Penalties?
No one likes penalties. I will give you a general baseline for what to watch out for. A slide tackle is not considered a penalty, but many penalties occur during the act of a slide tackle. If a foul is called, a free kick or penalty kick will be awarded. Just remember referees are people too. Everyone calls and sees the game a bit differently.
Here is a list of seven offences considered to be careless, reckless or using excessive force: (as written from Law 12 of FIFA’s Laws of the Game)
- kicks or attempts to kick an opponent
- trips or attempts to trip an opponent
- jumps at an opponent
- charges an opponent
- strikes or attempts to strike an opponent
- pushes an opponent
- tackles an opponent
In simple terms, don’t force it! Anytime there is contact, the committing player could be in trouble. Most leagues don’t allow this practice as it puts the attacking player in a ton of danger. Most importantly, never try to slide tackle from behind. It’s bad news all around.
Referees are understandably protective especially with the young players. Even if the ball is touched before the defender touch the opponent, a penalty can be called. The main thing is how they player performs the slide tackle. The referee has some freedom here to call as they see fit, which makes this a bit of a gray zone. Err on the side of safety.
Be sure to check the rules of the league. Many youth leagues outlaw the use of slide tackles to avoid injuries. Young, inexperienced players should stay on their feet. Getting comfortable with the ball is most important. Adding sliding players gets ugly quick.
The Correct Form
So you decided to teach slide tackles… there are a few tips to keep kids safe.
- Watch the ball: Players should focus on the ball versus the other player. It is common to focus on the opponent. But this can cause your player to miss the target – the ball. Watching the ball gives your player the advantage of where the ball goes after you make the tackle. Advanced players will try to fake out the sliding player causing them to miss. Now, you are at a big disadvantage!
- Timing is Everything: Slide tackles are an emergency move to regain possession. In most cases, a block tackle will be more than enough to stop the attack.
- Make sure the attacking player is sprinting. A player can’t change direction as quickly during mid sprint than while jogging.
- The highest probability to slide tackle is when the opponent uses a big ball push, meaning the ball several steps in front of the attacker. When the ball rolls, it is more predictable than when it is by the players foot. This also reduces the likelihood of a penalty and injury since the ball is further away from the opponent.
- Look at where the ball is located relative to your player. For instance, the attacking player is dribbling with their right foot. Your player is coming onto their left-hand side. In order to win the ball, a slide tackle must come across the attacking player’s entire body. This decreases the odds of winning the ball.
- Understand the Different Types: Your players will watch professionals and try to copy their style. They make it look easy! One of the best ways to start slide tackling is to use the leg furthest away from the opponent. This is the easiest to execute.
- Right Practice Facilities: Recreational or club soccer fields are rough and not well kept. Slide tackling practice on this type of surface could lead to a lot of players getting scraped up. The best times to practice are during rainy practices or on well-groomed pitches. Use pants or leggings to protect your player’s legs from injury.
- Commitment: A slide tackle is a brave move. Confidence is essential to an effective slide tackle. One shouldn’t perform this move timidly or it will put both players in danger of getting injured.
- One footed challenge: A two footed challenge will result in a red card. The reason is it can easily snap a leg if they were to get hit by two incoming feet. Teach a one footed challenge to keep it simple and safe.
Check out this video for some more tips…
What Age is Appropriate to Teach Slide Tackles?
The short answer is to check with your club rules on slide tackling. The earliest to start to teach slide tackling is around U12. In most cases, wait until you feel confident that your players have the ability. For instance, if you coach a team that has been playing competitively for a while, they might be ready to learn. Children that are just learning the game need to focus on the fundamentals and should stay on their feet.
Once you make the decision to teach, be thorough in your explanation to avoid bad technique. It is our responsibility to make sure we teach our players correctly.
FLASH SALE: Passing & Receving eBook
The Passing & Receiving eBook makes coaching and planning your next coaching session ridiculously simple. It’s a true straight-forward guide for the rest of us. Print it and put it in your practice folder and you’ll have the perfect dummy-proof reference! | <urn:uuid:59f9c4b9-8f52-4e5a-9d9c-4c9eeb2a7a8e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://portablesportscoach.com/slide-tackle/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572215.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815235954-20220816025954-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.962541 | 1,355 | 2.421875 | 2 |
Three decades after his Pompidou Center in Paris turned the architecture world upside down and brought him global fame, the British architect Richard Rogers has been named the 2007 winner of the Pritzker Prize, the profession’s highest honor.
In the citation accompanying its decision, to be announced on Thursday, the Pritzker jury saluted Mr. Rogers for his “unique interpretation of the Modern Movement’s fascination with the building as machine, an interest in architectural clarity and transparency, the integration of public and private spaces, and a commitment to flexible floor plans that respond to the ever-changing demands of users.”
In a telephone interview from London, the architect, 73, said he did not see the award as overdue. “Its not when it comes, it’s the gift that matters,” Mr. Rogers said. (Renzo Piano, his co-architect on the Pompidou Center, received the Pritzker in 1998.)
The award — a $100,000 grant and a bronze medallion — is to be presented to Mr. Rogers at the Banqueting House in London on June 4.Continue reading the main story
Mr. Rogers earned a reputation as a high-tech iconoclast with the completion of the 1977 Pompidou Center, with its exposed skeleton of brightly colored tubes for mechanical systems. The Pompidou “revolutionized museums,” the Pritzker jury said, “transforming what had once been elite monuments into popular places of social and cultural exchange, woven into the heart of the city.” Similarly, his 1986 Lloyd’s office building in the heart of London’s financial district features an inside-out design, with a soaring atrium surrounded by external escalators and elevators.
Asked to describe his own stylistic signature, Mr. Rogers said he was recognized for “celebrating the components and the structure.”
“That’s how we get rhythm and poetry out of it,” he said. He added that he would like to be known for “buildings which are full of light, which are light in weight, which are flexible, which have low energy, which are what we call legible — you can read how the building is put together.”
Other high-profile projects by Mr. Rogers include the sprawling Millennium Dome in Greenwich, England, suspended from steel masts and secured by steel cable (1999), and the law courts in Bordeaux, France (1998) — seven “pods” clad in cedar wood surrounded by glass walls under an undulating copper roof.
Mr. Rogers’ most recent major undertaking was the $2.2 billion new terminal at Barajas International Airport in Madrid (2005), featuring waves formed by wings of prefabricated steel and a roof covered in bamboo strips. Earlier he designed Terminal 5 at Heathrow Airport, outside London.
While he had been largely absent from New York, Mr. Rogers now has four projects under way in the city: an expanded Jacob K. Javits Convention Center on Manhattan’s Far West Side; a tower at the World Trade Center site; a complex at Silvercup Studios in Long Island City, Queens; and a redesign of the East River waterfront.
Not all of these designs have been well received. Appraising Mr. Rogers’s vision for the Javits Center in The New York Times, Nicolai Ouroussoff said its boxy design was “a decent but not particularly dazzling work of architecture.”
But the critic offered glowing praise for the architect’s re-imagination of Manhattan’s East Side waterfront, designed in collaboration with Gregg Pasquarelli of SHoP Architects and the landscape architect Ken Smith.
“The idea is to create a seamless, contemplative environment along the waterfront that embraces both the fine-grained scale of the surrounding communities and the monumental scale of the freeway,” Mr. Ouroussoff wrote. “In doing so, the architects shrug off the conflict between Modernists and historicists that absurdly still defines so many urban planning debates in New York.”
Mr. Rogers said he was gratified by his New York commissions. He described the Javits project on the Far West Side as “the most complex, but also the most exciting potentially — as a public space that could create the regeneration of a large area which is very depressed.”
Over the years, the architect has become well known for his philosophy as well as for his buildings. His London firm, Richard Rogers Partnership, has adopted bylaws specifying that the directors get no more than six times the salary of the lowest-paid architect, with the rest of the money going to profit-sharing, charities or investment. “I don’t believe in the ownership of work,” he said.
The firm, which was founded in 1977 and has offices in Barcelona, Madrid and Tokyo, will be renamed Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners next month. “It’s time to start to broaden the top,” Mr. Rogers said.
He has also been in the forefront of the sustainable architecture movement, designing buildings with the environment in mind. His building for the National Assembly for Wales in Cardiff cut in half the parliament’s energy consumption, the architect said; as chief adviser on architecture and urbanism to the mayor of London, he has encouraged the construction of more compact developments around mass transportation.
“It’s always been part of our work,” he said. “I don’t think we realized the limited number of years before were going to have such serious problems, that mankind might be wiped off the earth. Certainly it’s become much more urgent.”
Mr. Rogers, the 31st Pritzker laureate, was born in Florence, Italy, in 1933. His father was a doctor and his mother had a great interest in modern design, he said. In 1938, the Rogers family moved to England, where he struggled through the public school system; many years later, he received a diagnosis of dyslexia. “I was called backward,’” Mr. Rogers said. “We didn’t know dyslexia.”
Just as he was completing secondary school in 1951 — and seriously considering a career in dentistry — the Festival of Britain introduced him to modern architecture. He was captivated by some of the temporary buildings thrown up along the South Bank.
A two-year stint in the British military took him to Trieste, where he became acquainted with the work of his father’s cousin, Ernesto Rogers, one of Italy’s prominent architects, and decided to attend the Architectural Association School in London.
In 1961, Mr. Rogers traveled to Yale University on a Fulbright scholarship to pursue a masters degree in architecture. There he developed an interest in Frank Lloyd Wright (“My first god,” the architect has said).
After working for Skidmore, Owings & Merrill in New York, he returned to England to start his first practice, Team 4, with his first wife, Su Brumwell; Norman Foster; and Wendy Cheeseman.
Mr. Rogers and Mr. Foster each struck out on their own in 1967. By 1971, Mr. Rogers had joined forces with Mr. Piano to create Piano + Rogers. That year they won the commission to design the Pompidou, where Mr. Rogers’ work will be featured in an exhibition this fall. Mr. Piano and Mr. Rogers split in 1978.
Over the years, Mr. Rogers has racked up plenty of accolades, including a life peerage in 1996. But the honors have not convinced him that architects deserve the rock-star status that so many enjoy. Richard Rogers Partnership employs more than 100 people, he pointed out, and he could not achieve what he does without them.
“You are leading a team,” Mr. Rogers said. “I’ve never really understood how architects can think of themselves as an individual.”Continue reading the main story | <urn:uuid:ddf33df1-d037-4887-b3bd-e47eff2cf1cd> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/28/arts/design/28cnd-pritzker.html?hp&_r=0 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00243-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970396 | 1,697 | 1.828125 | 2 |
I wanted to do a version of the DIY Art Kit but for a “journal” version so that it could be used for gifts. My artist friend Stephanie Corfee was so helpful in making the free artwork download for it. She made the large labels and small labels for labeling all the contents!
This would be a fun gift idea for the holidays for for teacher gifts. I made two different versions: one for writing and one for art journaling. Want to see what I filled mine with?
Page after page of inspiration to get started with:
I made these little journal prompt cards. You can download the template I uploaded. Just cut out the pieces, punch a few holes, and add them all to a metal ring:
The PDF download for the journal prompts:
Of course you need a journal! This is a chalkboard journal I made using a composition book….the Chalk Ink markers work perfectly on it because they don’t smear:
Chalk Ink markers are also great for journal pages because they are an opaque marker and tend to write better than paint pens:
Bits of paper inspiration I put together from different kits I picked up from the scrapbooking store:
A collection of decorative masking/washi tape. These are from Elmer’s:
Correction tape is great for writing and for art journaling:
Stamps and stamp pads:
Or you could make your own handmade stamps with wine corks!
A punch for rounding corners of photos and papers:
Fill the boxes with templates, shapes and tools. These are from K&Company and X-Acto:
I printed off Stephanie’s “Journal Kit” artwork onto matte photo paper and attached it to mailing boxes (from the office supply store) using adhesive spray:
So many things you can fill the boxes with:
You can encourage a friend or family member to get creative and start writing more with a present like this:
Click below to download the Journal Kit cover art and the journal kit labels by Stephanie Corfee! Do me a favor and go and visit her to say thank you for the free download!
Make sure to check out the DIY Art Box version too! Great for kids gifts…..and just to keep gifts stashed away for birthday’s and other occasions! | <urn:uuid:575394f5-3f19-4838-8243-ed810f74c242> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.lilblueboo.com/2012/12/the-gift-of-journaling-diy-journal-kit-and-artwork-download.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285289.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00148-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.916588 | 476 | 1.71875 | 2 |
Promoting Inclusive Markets and Financial Systems
Women Left Behind? Poverty and Hardship in Africa
This paper is motivated by two stylized facts about poverty in Africa: female-headed households tend to be poorer, and
poverty has been falling in the aggregate since the 1990s. These facts raise two questions: How have female-headed
households fared? And what role have they played in Africa’s impressive recent aggregate growth and poverty reduction? Using data covering the entire region, the paper reexamines the current prevalence and characteristics of female-headed households, and asks whether their prevalence has been rising over time, what factors have been associated with such changes since the mid-1990s, and whether poverty has fallen equi-proportionately for male- and female-headed households. Rising gross domestic product has dampened rising female headship. However, other subtle transformations occurring across Africa—changes in marriage behavior, family formation, health, and education—have put upward pressure on female headship, with the result that the share of female-headed households has been growing. This has been happening alongside declining aggregate poverty incidence. However, rather than being left behind, female-headed households have generally seen faster poverty reduction. As a whole, this group has contributed almost as much to the reduction in poverty as male-headed households, despite the smaller share of female-headed households in the population. | <urn:uuid:c0c68f10-7747-4f8a-8e78-fbfeacb851c4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.seepnetwork.org/women-left-behind--poverty-and-hardship-in-africa--resources-1513.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00359-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97569 | 286 | 3.21875 | 3 |
KABUL — Afghanistan's Independent Election Commission on Thursday reaffirmed plans to hold parliamentary elections on May 22 but pleaded for financial support from the international community to fund the voting.
However, after last August's fraud-tainted presidential election, which the international community largely underwrote, the principal funders have indicated that they won't bankroll another Afghan election without extensive reforms in the election commission that probably would push election day into the summer.
The skirmish over funding the election is the latest round in a protracted battle between the U.S. and its allies and Afghan President Hamid Karzai over government reforms, law enforcement and anti-corruption measures that President Barack Obama has said are essential to stabilizing Afghanistan and defeating Islamic extremists. An international conference on those and other topics is scheduled for Jan. 28 in London.
Western donor nations suspect that the latest decision by the largely discredited Independent Election Commission may be an attempt to force them to rescue what otherwise might be a doomed effort to elect all 249 members of the Wolesi Jirga, or "House of the People," the lower house of the Afghan parliament. The upper chamber, the Meshrano Jirga, or "House of the Elders," is largely appointed by the president.
"If they stage this on their own, it will be an unmitigated disaster," said a Western diplomat, who asked not to be identified because he wasn't authorized to speak on the record. "They think we (the international community) can't afford another disaster. So this is pure Afghan bluff."
Caitlin Hayden, a spokeswoman for the U.S. Embassy in Afghanistan, said the U.S. was "making clear the need to ensure our resources are part of a process that takes into account the need for key reforms."
Dawood Ali Najafi, the deputy director of the Independent Election Commission, said in Kabul that the commission, handpicked by Karzai, is "still determined to hold the parliamentarian elections."
He said the elections would cost $120 million, of which $70 million could be paid out of funds held by the United Nations that were left over from August's presidential election. He appealed for $50 million more from the U.N.
A U.N. official confirmed that it's holding $70 million and that the Afghan election commission has submitted a formal request for the additional money.
According to the U.N. official, who spoke only on the condition of anonymity because the official wasn't authorized to speak publicly, one fundamental reform that's necessary in order to garner international financial support is replacing the leadership of the election commission, which skeptical Afghans call the "non-Independent Election Commission" for its subservience to Karzai. That almost certainly would include commission Chairman Dr. Azizullah Lodin and Najafi.
The outgoing U.N. special representative in Afghanistan, Kai Eide, told the U.N. Security Council on Wednesday that the election commission could delay the election within the limits of the Afghan Constitution.
"The electoral law gives the IEC the right to postpone elections on the basis of security, financial or technical considerations," Eide said. "Should Afghan authorities make use of this provision, then elections could be held later in the year in a way that still respects the Afghan legal framework."
If the commission proceeds on the present schedule, it will begin registering candidates on Jan. 16 and voters on Feb. 20.
(Day reports for The (Macon, Ga.) Telegraph.)
MORE FROM MCCLATCHY
Follow Afghanistan news at McClatchy's Checkpoint Kabul | <urn:uuid:0ff40a15-6787-4420-a2cc-d8712d7332c3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/nation-world/world/article24569737.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280763.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00521-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961875 | 737 | 1.570313 | 2 |
It's just a proposal for now, but it certainly has caught the attention of New York City bike riders: Manhattan borough president Mark Levine has suggested turning one lane of car traffic on the West Side Highway into a two-way protected bike lane. Specifically, according to the plan, one of the lanes would be repurposed into four miles of cyclable path between Chambers Street and 57th Street.
The politician sent a letter to state and city transportation department heads outlining his proposal, which seeks to reduce congestion on one of the busiest bikeway in the nation, Hudson River Greenway. Levine asked the various agency to check on the feasibility of the project.
"The Hudson River Greenway is one of the most heavily used greenways in the country, but it is overcrowded—bicyclists have to weave around people, pedestrians have to steel themselves for two-way bike traffic, and e-bikes are forced into the highway. It doesn’t have to be this way, and we could do much better," Levine said in an official statement. "Taking a lane of traffic on the highway and turning that into a dedicated, protected space for cyclists and e-bike users, including delivery workers, so that they all have a safer space to get around the city must be a key component of the city's work to reduce congestion, reduce emissions, and create safer streets for all New Yorkers."
The timing of Levine's proposal isn't random. In fact, the official explained that he hopes for the eventual opening of the bike lane to coincide with the kickoff to congestion pricing, which is supposedly happening by the end of 2023.
"We are timing this with the implementation of congestion pricing and the need to begin to create the infrastructure that can support and encourage the increased use of non-vehicular modes of travel by New Yorkers," Levine said. "We expect the decrease in traffic to Manhattan to make this project feasible, and it would be a huge win for everyone traveling on foot and bikes."
This isn't the first time a proposal of the sort has been brought forward. In the midst of the pandemic, a number of local officials asked the state's transportation department to convert one lane of Route 9A (the West Side Highway's official name) into a bike lane given a reduction of traffic sparked by the pandemic.
At the time, Streetsblog reported that the letter was ignored by then-Governor Andrew Cuomo and the Department of Transportation.
A more successful attempt was carried forward on the Brooklyn Bridge, where a new two-way bike lane opened less than a year ago, taking over the innermost Manhattan-bound car lane on the bridge.
Officials have recently showed renewed interest in the two-wheel mode of transportation all across the city. Back in May, mayor Eric Adams backed a plan called NYC 25x25, which seeks to turn a quarter of the city's streets into plazas and bike lanes.
Here's to hoping at least some of these suggestions will soon become our new reality. | <urn:uuid:bd1df6dd-c3e5-4a72-b00c-19a35a9636a9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.timeout.com/newyork/news/part-of-the-west-side-highway-might-actually-turn-into-a-two-way-bike-lane-080222 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.971537 | 620 | 1.757813 | 2 |
There has been much to-do-ing this month about new allegations that even more of Truman Capote’s seminal “In Cold Blood,” which he famously called a “nonfiction novel” and “immaculately factual” was invented by Capote.
The book is an indelible title in the American library, a riveting re-creation of a multiple murder committed by Perry Smith and Dick Hickock in rural Kansas. What made it so fascinating wasn’t just Capote’s reporting, but the incredible relationship he forged with Smith, the killer.
But all that’s been thrown into question. According to the Wall St. Journal, new evidence shows that police reports following the crime may not jibe exactly with Capote’s text.
The problem is, once one fabrication’s been uncovered, everything else is thrown into question too. And the quandary becomes: Do inaccuracies entirely negate the literary merit of the book? If we cease to consider it true, does it then become kindling? | <urn:uuid:d37af894-2702-4f61-bab4-5b6698f24288> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://blogs.denverpost.com/books/tag/in-cold-blood/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280763.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00514-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954339 | 224 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Eowyn by elven-nell
My vision of the White Lady of Rohan.
"They were clad in warm raiment and heavy cloaks, and all over the Lady Eowyn wore a great blue mantle of the colour of deep summer-night, and it was set with silver stars about hem and throat. Faramir had sent for this robe and had wrapped it about her; and he thought that she looked fair and queenly indeed as she stood there at his side. The mantle was wrought for his mother, Finduilas of Amroth, who died untimely, and was to him but a memory of loveliness in far days and of his first grief; and her robe seemed to him raiment fitting for the beauty and sadness of Eowyn."
-J R. R. Tolkien. The Lord of the Rings. Book Six, The Return of the King. | <urn:uuid:215100ee-c452-43c2-baee-73eef75322e8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.epilogue.net/art/21904-eowyn | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00485-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.987718 | 188 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Deco Miami Beach
Barbara Capitman and Leonard Horowitz visited South Miami Beach in the mid-seventies and discovered a forgotten treasure trove of American architecture. Nestled on the narrow strip of land between the two beaches were hundreds of significant but decaying buildings. Among these was a number of structures built primarily in the 1930's and 1940's in the style known as Moderne or Art Deco.
The principal architects of Deco South Beach, Henry Hohauser and L. Murray Dixon, shared with their peers a design palette featuring streamlined curves, jutting towers, window "eyebrows," and neon. Smaller, cheaper to build, and less ostentatious than edifices like Carl Fisher's Flamingo, the South Beach Deco buildings seemed perfectly suited to a city created for sun, sand, and relaxation.
As the years passed, many of the Deco marvels fell to the wrecking ball or languished in disrepair. But in 1979, Capitman, Horowitz, and the organization they helped found, the Miami Design Preservation League, worked with other preservationists to win National Register Designation for a one-square mile area of South Beach that became known as the Art Deco District. Subsequently, many of the Deco buildings were restored.
The Breakwater Hotel (Anton Skislewicz, 1939) Neon signs effectively announced a hotel's presence to weary travelers. The cobalt blue of the Breakwater's neon conjures the colors of the sea.
The Senator Hotel (L. Murray Dixon, 1939) Developers tried to tear down the Senator and build a parking garage, but public protests won the building a temporary stay of execution.
The Collins Park Hotel (Henry Hohauser, 1939) The glass entryway, rounded corners, window eyebrows, and "modern" look mark a dramatic break from the Mediterranean style of many earlier Miami Beach hotels.
The Surfcomber (McKay & Gibbs, 1948) This building's squared eyebrows look forward to a newer style. Leonard Horowitz updated the exteriors of many of the South Beach Deco buildings with a confectionary pastel paint scheme.
The Essex House Hotel (Henry Hohauser, 1938) The porthole windows and smokestack-like neon tower give this building the fantastic air of a landlocked ocean liner.
The Cavalier Hotel (Roy F. France, 1936) More serious and less "Moderne," the Cavalier seems a closer relation to Carl Fisher's Flamingo than to the funky, streamlined works of Hohauser and Dixon.
The Shelborne (Igor B. Polevitsky, 1954) Built later and larger than most of its South Beach cousins, the Shelborne lacks the curves of earlier works but recalls them in its signage. Characteristic window eyebrows remain.
The Century Hotel (Henry Hohauser, 1939) Slightly battered and stripped of its neon, the tiny Century survives. Tourist and development pressure threatens to overwhelm the remaining Deco buildings in South Beach.
The Tyler Hotel (Albert Anis, 1940) Echoing the streamlined prows of trains, ships, and automobiles, many of the Deco buildings seem poised to take motion. | <urn:uuid:24ebb62d-8572-4af9-b50f-f3282b3b5544> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/miami/sfeature/decomiamibeach.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721595.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00478-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.925113 | 661 | 2.78125 | 3 |
The Seventh Day within the Octave of Christmas
1 John 2:18-21 + John 1:1-18
December 31, 2015
“Thus we know this is the last hour.”
Because the Nativity is always celebrated on December 25, the seventh day of the Octave of Christmas is always December 31. While the world prepares to celebrate tonight the passing from one year to the next, the Church encourages to meditate on what is eternal by means of one of the most beautiful passages from the Gospel.
The prologue of St. John’s Gospel account—John 1:1-18—summarizes the whole of his account, but even also the whole of salvation history. In fact, the prologue stretches even beyond history into eternity. This Scripture passage is proclaimed at the end of almost every Mass celebrated in the Extraordinary Form. This proclamation, as the Mass ends and those participating in it prepare to return to living in the midst of “the world”, that our destiny lies within eternity and not in the world.
About two-thirds of the way into this passage are the words that make this passage especially fitting for proclamation during Christmastide. “And the Word became flesh and made His dwelling among us….” In the Extraordinary Form of the Mass, at the proclamation of this phrase all genuflect in honor of Our Lord, who became Flesh in order to offer that Body and Blood, with His soul and divinity, for the remission of sins on the Cross. In the Ordinary Form of the Mass, an echo of this practice remains, as on two solemnities of the year—the Annunciation and the Nativity—all present genuflect at the proclamation of these words. This truth lies at the heart of our salvation, and certainly also at the heart of the Mystery of the Eucharist, by which we as disciples enter into the life of Christ, now and, we pray, for eternity. | <urn:uuid:437b1886-d6fd-46d2-9114-463791ded860> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://reflectionsonthesacredliturgy.com/2015/12/30/the-seventh-day-within-the-octave-of-christmas/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.952451 | 406 | 2.125 | 2 |
Design Parameters For A Ball Mill
how to design parameters for a ball mill. a. jankovic, in iron ore, 2015. 22.214.171.124 . the is a tumbling mill that uses steel balls as the grinding media. the length of the cylindrical shell is ... the effect of ball size on breakage rate parameter in a pilot
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Ball mill designpower calculation. the basic parameters used in ball mill design power calculations rod mill or any tumbling mill sizing are material to be ground characteristics bond work index bulk density specific density desired mill tonnage capacity dtph operating solids or pulp density feed size as f80 and maximum chunk size product size as p80 and maximum.
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3.4.1 Experiment design 47 3.4.2 Batch grinding tests 48 ... E.1 Determination of milling parameters in each ball size interval 100 ... 2.1 Breakage mechanisms in a ball mill 22 2.2 First order reaction model applied to milling 24 2.3 Grinding rate versus particle size for a given ball diameter 25 2.4 Cumulative breakage function versus ...
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Ball mill is one of the commonly used equipment in mineral processing equipment.Rotation speed is one of the main parameters in the design and operation of the ball mill. The rotation speed directly determines the movement state of the grinding medium in the barrel and the effect of grinding operation.
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In the present work, the formulation of nanosuspension of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) and the operating parameters of wet ball milling (WBM) was optimized using the BoxBehnken design (BBD) method. The key formulation factors evaluated were GBE concentration, milling speed, milling time, and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) concentration.
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With a view to developing a sound basis for the design and scale-up of ball mills, a large amount of data available in the literature were analyzed for variation of the two key mill performance parameters power specific values of the absolute breakage rate of the coarsest size fraction, S *, and absolute rate of production of fines ...
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- 200 Tph Typical Mobile Crushing Equipment Screening Unit | <urn:uuid:50afc366-e4b7-42ee-b660-f1062dade851> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hercle.de/dalmia/1987-Apr_31665.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.806715 | 2,968 | 2.859375 | 3 |
A Warlingham restaurant claims to have created the world’s first Hindu Easter egg.
The curry-flavoured chocolate treat is on sale at India Dining in the Green.
The egg, developed by local restaurateur Asad Khan, contains tiny scrolls which feature religious Hindu, Bible and Vedas texts.
The product mixes Indian spices, sea salt, mango and dark chocolate to signify the 'Sadya' feast of salty, sweet, sour and bitter foods.
It also contains gold coins and nuts which Hindus consider to represent prospertiy.
Customer Meena Williams, originally from Kerala in India, said: “This is a brilliant idea. I’m looking forward to trying it.”
India Dining owner Mr Khan said: “Our Vishneaster Egg, a play on words, was born from a desire to celebrate and to unite, at least temporarily, two of the world’s largest religions and two of their biggest festivals.
“Vishu and Easter may vary in terms of spiritual context but both are celebrated in April with an exchange of gifts and with a feast.
“I wanted to add an inter-religious treat to our menu which British Hindus and British Christians can both enjoy.”
In 2013, India Dining also created an Easter egg which packed the equivalent punch of 400 Tobasco sauce botltles. | <urn:uuid:544834fd-5f41-4925-95cb-6da10fa337c2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.getsurrey.co.uk/news/surrey-news/warlingham-restaurant-creates-easter-egg-7001414 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00291-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947558 | 287 | 1.632813 | 2 |
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Worth a read... Not necessarily masterpieces or artistically outstanding. Yet none will disappoint the lover of literature. Reading them one will always find something of value... Armenian News Network / Groong May 8, 2005 By Eddie Arnavoudian 1. THE ARMENIAN-GEORGIAN WAR OF 1918 Armenian-Georgian relations figure hardly at all in public discussion. Yet in their enduringly fraught character they have been and to this day remain important to the fashioning of Armenian nationhood and are also significant for the future stability of the Armenian state and the region as a whole. Varik Virapian's `The Armenian-Georgian War of 1918' (250pp, Yerevan, 2003) provides therefore a valuable introduction to the subject starting from the war that exploded between the two states immediately upon their formation in that same year. As with Armenian-Azeri and Armenian-Turkish relations, disputes over territory were a main cause for the hostilities between Armenia and Georgia with the latter laying claim to regions such as Lori and Akhalkalak both of which were populated overwhelmingly by Armenians. Georgian ambition to annex these territories flouted pre-independence agreements made by the major nationalist forces in the Caucuses - the Armenians, Georgians and Azerbaijanis - to mark out new state borders in accord with demographic facts and the wishes of the majority populations inhabiting disputed territory. Georgia had its reasons for disregarding such agreements. Besides seeking an expansion of territory Georgian ambitions were driven by another equally important domestic consideration. Historically the Georgian elite had rallied its forces against Armenian economic supremacy in Georgia. Following independence it seized the opportunity to destroy bastions of Armenian power, resorting to whatever means it could. In this enterprise the Georgian state had every interest in weakening its Armenian neighbour that it regarded not only as a contestant over territory, but as a possible defender of Armenian elites in Georgia and a contender in the struggle for hegemony over the Caucuses. In the looming war the Georgian state had a decided advantage. The ruling Menshevik Party provided it with an experienced and well-oiled political machine that received critical support from German imperialism that had made of Georgia a semi-colony. Here it is perhaps worth noting that though all post 1918 territorial disputes in the Caucuses were generated by the clash of locally rooted nationalist forces, these were exacerbated by European powers who acted the role of chess players manipulating and moving their chosen regional allies in accord with these allies' intrinsic powers but to a design of their own ambitions. Throughout the disputed regions and Georgia as a whole, the Georgian authorities moved fast to secure advantageous positions. They systematically tightened the political and military noose round Armenian populated regions. They set deadlines for the removal of Armenian national organisations from Tbilisi and demanded the immediate disarmament of Armenian military contingents that were based on what they regarded as their sovereign territory. Simultaneously they launched a political and economic assault on all Armenians in Georgia - with raids on Armenian properties, confiscations of goods, unprecedented tax levies and other arbitrary demands. In Lori and Akhalkalak Georgian forces having disarmed local Armenian units began to plunder the population, confiscating crops, foodstuffs and property. Thus was set the basis for the Armenian-Georgian war of 1918. Armenia was ill equipped to wage war. Virapian's quotes from many founders of the Armenian republic pointing to the new state's economic and social dislocation and its political and military isolation, surrounded as it was by two other hostile neighbours, Turkey and Azerbaijan who also had appetite for territory populated by Armenians. Reminiscent of Armenian politics today, Armenian disadvantage was compounded by the refusal of Diaspora capital and its educated elite to come to its assistance. Armenian military operations were further hindered by lack of political and military centralisation, huge logistical and communication problems and increasing indecision by the Armenian government as well as by hostile Turkish and British manipulation. Armenian-Georgian tensions finally exploded into open war in December of 1918. Full-scale military clashes followed attempts by Georgian forces to repress an Armenian uprising in Lori protesting against Georgian misrule and abuse. Taking the form of a popular peoples' war, Armenian forces initially registered significant gains particularly under the leadership of General Dro. Rapidly however their fortunes dipped. Armenian positions were undermined by Georgian control of sea, road and rail routes essential for Armenian supplies and reinforcements. Georgia also received significant direct and indirect support from Turkish and Azeri forces. In disputed regions where political and military control changed hands regularly Georgia was not averse to Turkish conquests hoping these would drive out Armenian populations fearful of renewed Turkish slaughter. Once they retook possession of these areas, in an indirect form of ethnic cleansing, they proceeded to erect barriers to returning Armenian refuges thus beginning a hoped for demographic transformation of Lori and Akhalkalak. The conclusion to the war and the final anti-democratic settlement expressed accurately both the balance of forces and the predatory ambitions of the Georgian elites. Armenia, against its will, against the wishes of the local population and against previously agreed principles of dividing territory according to the democratic wishes of national majorities was forced to concede the larger part of disputed areas. Though Virapian's account is in many places over-detailed he nevertheless supplies a shocking record of Georgian chauvinist assault on the half million-strong Armenian community within its borders. This community was treated as a criminal entity, thousands were arrested, their property was confiscated and they were beaten, humiliated, isolated and transformed into pariahs. So the basis was set for the neutralisation and assimilation of Armenian communities in Georgia. During the Soviet era this process continued by other means. There is in Virapian's account a significant gap. He does not explain why Georgian nationalism proved to be so decisive and why Armenian strategy and tactics so prevaricating, based on wishful thinking and expectations of British or other European assistance. Independence for the Georgian nationalists presented them with the political power with which to take on and defeat their main internal competitor, the Armenian economic class. So brimming with confidence they set out to secure for themselves the lion's share of Caucasian territory that would give them the best geo-political and economic foundations for their state. In contrast, the Armenian elites lacked all these qualities. They had in fact opposed the formation of an independent Armenian state. They preferred instead a confederation of Caucasian nations that would secure them rights to function freely throughout the Caucuses and particularly in Tibilisi and Baku that for them were pastures more profitable than Yerevan. Independence for the Armenian elite was a set back, a hoped for temporary inconvenience to be put right by imperialism. So the Armenian elite floundered while vainly waiting for imperialist charity. Virabian's book also prompts thought about another important problem of history that today receives little or no attention. In its own way the experience of the Armenian-Georgian war demands consideration of received opinion that the individual nation state is necessarily the most appropriate form for national freedom. In the Caucasus nation-state formation led to repeated wars, to the persistence and even aggravation of wartime miseries, illness, hunger, starvation and to a further dislocation of local economic life. During the Soviet era dominant elites hoping to build homogenous nation-states resorted to quiet ethnic cleansing, national repressions, cultural assimilation and isolation of `foreign communities' that had in fact inhabited the region for centuries. The seeds were sown for yet more hatred and yet more war. In the wake of the collapse of the Soviet Union new elites exploited old hatreds to wage war for new privileges, war in which once more the common people suffered whilst a tiny minority built mansions. Whether there are alternatives more amenable to harmonious, democratic inter-national coexistence requires further consideration, and here too the Armenian experience offers a rich legacy. 2. THE ARMENIAN-TURKISH WAR OF 1920 Garo Sassooni was a prominent political activist, historian and literary critic and also a leading figure in the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF). One among the large volume of his works is `The Armenian-Turkish War' of 1920. In this short booklet Sassooni sets about to absolve the ARF-led Armenian government of all responsibility for the Armenian defeat attributing it exclusively to Turkish military superiority. Sassooni was however an intelligent and perceptive fellow and his account reveals significant truths about Armenian society and politics at the time. While military factors certainly played important roles in the Armenian defeat, even in Sassooni's account it is evident that they do not explain the whole story. In 1918 in battles such as Sardarabad and Bash Abaran Armenian forces confronted difficult military odds but still scored resounding victories against invading Turkish armies. Any discussion of Armenian-Turkish hostilities in the post 1918 period has to accept as a starting point the fact that the Turkish state and its elite was not, and even to this day has not, been prepared to accept an independent Armenia as part of a post-war settlement. Regarding Armenia as a potential ally of hostile powers Turkey in its 1920 war hoped to forever eliminate an obstacle to its pan-Turkish designs in the region. There can be little doubt that had it been totally successful eastern Armenia too, like western Armenia, would have been cleared of its indigenous Armenian population. So whatever other issues that feature in Armenian-Turkish relations, it is indubitably the case that here we had a clash in which the Armenian side - whatever its qualities and whatever the character of its leadership - was forced into a war of national liberation. Turkey, in defiance of all diplomatic negotiations and treaties prepared its army for war. As part of this preparation it inspired and provoked rebellion among the large Turkish and Azeri communities within Armenian borders. The Armenian government failed to respond with the same determination. It passively waited upon the generosity of the Great powers. Sassooni shows that the Armenian state and leadership lacked independent will or vision and had little inner strength, roots, or tradition within the borders of the new Armenian nation. The Armenian leadership felt more at home in Tbilisi and Baku where it had its social and economic roots. When formed the Armenian state was little more than a patchwork of disparate forces and interests thrown into this tiny portion of Armenia by the storms and hurricanes of war that was presided over by an essentially exiled elite that did not represent the people. The character of the Armenian army reflected rather precisely the reality of the new Armenian state and its leadership. Unlike the Turkish army, the Armenian had no historical traditions, no reserves, no hinterland to train and operate on. As Sassooni points out, it was not a genuine national army but in large part a broken down remnant of the old Tsarist army, supplemented by volunteer units from western Armenian provinces. Many of its leading elements had not lived in Armenia nor did they speak Armenian. Most of its officer class was depoliticised with little or no nation building ideals. Along with the ranks, the officer class was ill equipped and ill trained and had no intelligence network worth speaking of. It just was not capable of standing up to the Turkish army. Turkish military advantage was pressed home by successful Turkish government incitement of Turkish communities within Armenia. The resulting rebellions tied up the Armenian army, exhausted material reserves and demoralised both army and government. This lack of ethnic homogeneity, a feature of life, politics and war in all three main Caucasian states, was to plague all their respective governments. Together with the Armenian-Georgian, and Armenian-Azerbaijani wars this clash too demands consideration of the problems of exclusive nation-state formation as the way forward for national freedom. Where Garo Sassooni's work, here and elsewhere, is of great value is in its honest reflection of the essentially ramshackle affair that was the First Armenian Republic - whatever the reasons that remain subject to debate - and in his demonstration that it proved unable to fashion an army and a state apparatus that could secure the new republic a truly independent existence. That Armenia survived the post-1918 Turkish state onslaughts and that Armenian forces scored decisive victories was due more to the outstanding efforts of individual soldiers and units that were backed by a population for whom the First Armenian Republic, that became, despite the character of the national leadership, a barrier against Turkish state annihilation. -- Eddie Arnavoudian holds degrees in history and politics from Manchester, England, and is Groong's commentator-in-residence on Armenian literature. His works on literary and political issues have also appeared in Harach in Paris, Nairi in Beirut and Open Letter in Los Angeles. | <urn:uuid:20f6a5e4-af1a-4c42-932c-4fb81a9e4862> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://groong.com/tcc/tcc-20060508.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00485-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969849 | 2,624 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Malaysia's state-backed Petronas – which received regulatory nod from the Canadian government to buy Progress Energy Resources Corp Dec. 7 – is aiming to create "thousands" of jobs in the Canadian natural gas industry, as it pours billions of investment dollars into developing its newly-acquired assets.
In a published statement on its website, Petronas disclosed Monday that its growth plans in the Canadian gas industry will include three major investment components: the construction of a liquefied natural gas (LNG) export facility – Pacific Northwest LNG – on Lelu Island in the District of Port Edward, near Prince Rupert; the continued upstream development of natural gas production in the Montney region of northeast British Columbia and northwest Alberta; and the eventual installation of a natural gas transmission pipeline – to be built by a third-party pipeline company – to move natural gas from the production fields to the LNG export facility.
"These components will create thousands of well-paid jobs during construction of the facility and pipeline, as well as permanent, ongoing operating jobs throughout our LNG business, from the Montney region to the West Coast," Petronas' President and CEO Tan Sri Dato' Shamsul Azhar Abbas said in a statement.
The partners recently announced that the Pacific Northwest LNG is moving into the pre front end engineering design (pre-FEED) phase. Petronas is looking to estimate construction timelines, costs and labor force requirements during the pre-FEED phase. The company forecasted that the construction phase would result in up to 3,500 direct jobs, while the long-term operations of the facility would result in 200 to 300 direct jobs.
Petronas expects to take a final investment decision for the project in 2014; with the first LNG cargoes slated for exports in 2018.
As part of its long-term strategy in the natural gas industry, Malaysia is looking to position itself as the world's premier long-term supplier of LNG cargoes and ramp up its presence in the Japanese market.
Natural gas suppliers – both from the traditional exporting regions of Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Malaysia, Indonesia and Brunei, and new export-oriented LNG developments such as those based in Australia – have been eying the Japanese pie with increasing interest this year, as the country's LNG import requirements are poised to balloon in the medium-term.
Japan announced in September this year that it will permanently shut down a string of nuclear reactors that once provided the country with around on-third of its energy. Since the start of this year, Japanese power operators have been working towards using natural-gas fired thermal power generation plants in place of nuclear power plants.
Tokyo Electric Power – Japan's largest power utility by capacity – reported Tuesday a rise in its consumption of LNG in November, as compared to a year earlier. The company said that its LNG consumption last month was 1.9 million metric tonnes, as compared to 1.7 million metric tonnes a year ago.
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Jobs that may interest you | <urn:uuid:40040bd0-3dc4-4dc4-9e12-8f783e51ce7f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.rigzone.com/news/oil_gas/a/122707/Petronas_Aims_to_Create_Thousands_of_Jobs_in_Canadian_Gas_Industry?rss=true | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00227-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949937 | 694 | 1.570313 | 2 |
|Place of Origin:||China|
|Minimum Order Quantity:||30,000 meters|
|Packaging Details:||Spool with carton|
|Delivery Time:||2-15 workding days|
|Payment Terms:||Negotiation, T/T|
|Supply Ability:||Satisfy your demand|
|Size:||0.15-1.0mm||Packing:||Plastic Roll Then In Carton|
insulated copper wire,
CLASS F 155 3 LAYERS REINFORCED WINDING COPPER WIRE
Class F Triple insulated wire meets all the leading international safety codes and enables transformers to be manufactured to meet safety insulation standards without the need of margins and tape barriers.The increased winding space permits smaller transformers to be designed and reduces manufacturing time and cost, conductor diameters range from 0.15mm to 1mm.And from the feedback from our customer, we are only one manufacture who can provide Class F 0.15mm, and that is in mass production.
The feature of triple inslated wire is in its insulation layers. IEC standards require specified insulation between primary and secondary coils of transformers. And the standards do not accept general enameled wire as insulation therefore insulation tape or barrier tape are required in transformers using enameled wire. Triple insulated wire however, has triple insulation layers which comply IEC requirement and therefore can be used without barrier tape or interlayer tape between primary and secondary coils. | <urn:uuid:002cc9f0-2ec7-4785-bfd3-c08097b95fc7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ultrafinecopperwire.com/sale-11178858-class-f-triple-insulated-wire-3-layers-reinforced-copper-winding-wire.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.797607 | 439 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Let's face it: being concerned about finances can be extremely stressful. Most of us are always looking for ways on how to save money. Whether you want to save money on food or entertainment, there are some unique money saving tips you can explore that range from recycling to upcycling. Take a look:
Your parents were right…turn off the lights when you leave the room! Turning off that hallway light or and shutting off lights in unused rooms can save you a bit of dough on a daily basis.
Wash your clothes in cold water. The most expensive part of washing clothes is heating up the water. Using cool water saves money, around 50 cents per load, on heating bills. Depending on the size of your family, this money saving tip can save you quite a bit over the course of a year. Hot water does in fact clean better, but save it for seriously soiled clothes rather than the just-slightly grungy stuff.
You already know stick to your grocery list, clip coupons and never grocery shop on an empty stomach. But one unknown money saving tip is to use a basket instead of a cart if you need just a few items. It'll keep you from tossing in more than you need and succumbing to temptation of that expensive gourmet frozen pizza as you walk down the aisle.
Shopping on Wednesdays can help save you money on your food bill. Since many grocery stores launch their new sales mid-week, shoppers who browse the aisles on Wednesday get first access to the new deals. At the same time, stores will often honor the previous week’s coupons, as well. That means you can maximize your savings while also shopping during a relatively less crowded time of week.
And don’t be afraid buy the generic or store brand. The majority of the time the ingredients are identical, but the packaging is less flashy. You will be amazed how much this money saving tip will help your bottom line.
We all grew up knowing that we can cash in on recycling cans and bottles to put a little extra change back in our pockets. But the idea of recycling other items, such as electronics, can put some serious cash in your pocket and is a creative process to save money.
Many retailers offer trade-in programs that give you cash for your old devices. For example:
• Several big box retailers allow you to exchange old phones, laptops and video games for a gift card. This money saving tip is great for those individuals who feel compelled to have the most current technology gadget
• Amazon will pay you for your old Kindle and hundreds of other old devices
• GameStop will take everything from old video games and consoles to smartphones and tablets so you can save money on future purchases
• Direct-buy used electronics site like Gazelle will send you payment after evaluating your technology device. You will be astonished at the amount you can earn with this simple money saving tip
This is not a typo. Upcycling is the process where a an item that is no longer needed or wanted is given new life as something else that is either useful or creative. Upcycling is a great money saving tip.
Unlike recycling, upcycling drives up materials back up the supply chain to be reused. Today, that idea is interpreted as creating a useful item from what would normally be discarded. People looking to save money (and the planet) are huge fans of upcycling.
• Home owners can renovate with salvaged, and in some cases, free materials. A kitchen table made from salvaged barn wood is a sample of upcycling and is a simple way on how to save money with some big ticket items
• Plastic bottles can be upcycled into carpets, toys, messenger bags, furniture and even kitchen ware as seen on the website of Hipcycle
• A girl’s skirt can be made a man’s shirt to save money and a mom on a budget may upcycle her old clothes into upcycled clothes for her children
• A college student (who is always short on cash) can save money when they upcycle their “out of fashion” jeans by adding a few seams and trendy rips instead of buying a new pair
Give Up Unhealthy Habits.
Ditch the cigarettes and excessive 30-racks of beer. It won’t be easy, but this stuff is not only a detriment to health, but it's a huge money waster. Need convincing? The average smoker spends more than $2,000 on cigarettes every year.
Try a New Habit.
Save your loose change. Putting aside just fifty cents a day over the course of a year will allow you to save close to $200. And who couldn’t use a little extra money for holiday presents at the end of the year?
If you are trying to save money, it is essential that you monitor and track your success. Before venturing on ways to save money over the course of the next 30 days, identify what the goal is for the month. Is it to save $50? 100? 250? Once you have this established, the effort you put into saving money will have more meaning. You’ll be amazed how simple implementing these money saving tips can be in your daily routine. | <urn:uuid:5924ec67-7d32-4244-a423-7fc308dc6523> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.promocodesforyou.com/blog/money-saving-tips-you-likely-never-thought-using/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00071.warc.gz | en | 0.940881 | 1,106 | 2.234375 | 2 |
Washington, DC (March 2, 2009)- Lisa Jackson, administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), announced today a new initiative to further measure levels of toxic air pollution near many schools across the country for better protection. EPA and its state partners will prioritize and monitor schools for more extensive air quality analysis, looking closely at schools located near large industries and in urban areas.
“I’m a mother first, and like all parents, I want to be sure my children are breathing healthy air at school,” said EPA Administrator Lisa P. Jackson. “Questions have been raised about air quality around some U.S. schools, and those questions merit investigation. EPA will work quickly to make assessments and take swift action where necessary. Our job is to protect the American public where they live, work and play – and that certainly includes protecting schoolchildren where they learn.”
Administrator Jackson has outlined an aggressive timeline for prioritizing and monitoring schools to determine any which are exposed to high levels of toxic air pollution. EPA anticipates monitoring at some schools will begin within the next 30 days. Directed by EPA, the monitoring will be conducted primarily by state and local governments. Some states have already begun monitoring.
Recent media reports have raised critical questions about air quality outside schools near large industrial facilities. At Administrator Jackson’s confirmation hearings, she was asked about this issue by Congress and pledged to take swift action to investigate and remediate if necessary any potential high-risk exposure for our nation’s school children.
EPA will work with states, tribes, and local communities to ensure that monitors are deployed quickly to get high-quality data and to share results with American families. This partnership will help EPA maximize its monitoring and analytical capabilities to develop a clearer picture of any potential risks to children from toxic air pollution. This action is particularly critical in some low-income areas, which are sometimes disproportionately impacted by environmental degradation.
From 1990 to 2005, emissions of air toxics in the United States declined 41 percent. Levels of air toxics, however, can vary widely from place to place depending upon a number of factors including the amount and types of industry nearby, proximity to heavily traveled or congested roadways, and weather patterns.
EPA Schools Monitoring Initiative | <urn:uuid:5f7f9ff3-4697-489a-9388-083a8b4b8460> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://actrees.org/archive/healthy-people-archive/epa_schools_monitoring_initiative/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00192-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957399 | 464 | 2.671875 | 3 |
This guide covers gas and electric cookers, whether they be freestanding, hobs or ovens.
Indesit and Hotpoint sell the most whilst the Glen Dimplex brands, Stoves and Belling, have lost ground to the cheaper Turkish brand, Beko. Meanwhile Bosch-Siemens attributes the growth in the sales of its Neff, Siemens and Gaggenau brands to focusing on energy efficiency.
In a typical household 3-4% of its total energy use is attributable to cooking. There is also a slow decline in the amount of cooking being done in the home because of the rise in ready meals and take away food (see Microwaves guide).
Gas or electric?
The table below, using information from the National Energy Foundation and confusedaboutenergy.co.uk, gives some idea of the relative impacts of using the hob vs the oven, and gas vs electric (conventionally generated). As you can see the low CO2 choice is pretty much always gas, where it is available. Although gas ovens and hobs use more energy, gas generates less carbon dioxide per kWh.
Of course, using electricity that you have generated yourself on-site from renewables means that there are no CO2 emissions for electric ovens and hobs. Or choose a green electricity supplier that sources 100% renewable energy.
||Average energy consumption per use (kWh)*
||Average grammes of CO2 per use
* ‘Average energy consumption per use (kWh)’ figures come from the confusedaboutenergy.com site. The National Energy Foundation calculator is then used to calculate the average grammes of CO2 per use.
Induction cooking works by applying electromagnetism to pans with a high iron content (so it won’t work with ceramic/glass/aluminium pans). The effect of the electromagnetism is to directly heat the pan up, in turn heating the food. This is different to other forms of cooking, whereby the hob is heated and the pan then applied to the heat.
Induction hobs are significantly more energy efficient than standard electric hobs. Having said this, once the environmental impacts of replacing your existing hob and some/all of your pans are taken into consideration, along with the price of the hob itself, you may be best sticking with your existing hob.
As can be seen from the table above, induction hobs are the most energy efficient hob but in terms of carbon, they still don’t beat a gas hob unless you are using renewable electricity.
In 2009, cooking accounted for 13.3 TWh of electricity in the UK, 15.5% of the household total – not much different from 2005’s consumption level. By 2020, that level’s not predicted to change.
By 2020 it is predicted that 30% of Britain’s ovens will be gas, and 70% electric. That’s not good news for climate change, unless you use renewable electricity (see above). This prediction is reversed for hobs, as many people prefer to do stove-top cooking with gas. By 2020 Britain’s hobs are expected to be 40% electric and 60% gas.
There has been an EU Energy Label for electric ovens since 2003. A Label for gas ovens was expected in 2008 but will only come into force in February 2015.
You can reduce your cooker’s contribution to climate change when you are using it by following these energy saving facts and tips:
- Fan ovens use around 20% less energy than conventional ovens.
- Replace damaged seals around the oven door.
- Avoid opening the oven door when cooking where possible – choose an oven with a glass panel in the door to check how the food is doing.
- Cook more than one item at a time in the oven.
- Cook smaller meals under the grill, or, with a double oven, in the smaller one.
- A microwave uses 60% to 80% less energy than ovens.
- For gas cookers, an electric ignition rather than a continuous pilot light saves energy.
- Glass and ceramic pans heat more efficiently than metal.
- Match the pan to the size of the hotplate or to the flame.
- Always put lids on pans – more than a quarter of electricity is wasted when you cook your food without a lid.
- Use pans with a flat base.
- Pressure cookers and steamers save energy as they enable you to cook several different foods on one ring.
- The ultimate energy saver – eat more raw food!
- Check the web for how to make a simple hay box, whereby a heated pan is insulated in a box full of straw and the residual heat finishes off the cooking. Thermal cookers are modern, stainless steel versions of the same thing.
German multinational Siemens, which has a joint venture with Bosch to make white goods, was widely reported to have announced an exit from the nuclear industry in 2011 in the wake of the Fukushima nuclear disaster in Japan and the subsequent swell of anti-nuclear feeling in Germany.
Chief executive Peter Loescher told Spiegel magazine:
“The clear positioning of German society and politics for a pullout from nuclear energy” meant that “the chapter for us is closed”.
However, today Siemens Energy still promotes its services as a supplier of nuclear power stations including one currently being built in Finland.
See detailed company information, ethical ratings and issues for all companies mentioned in this guide, by clicking on a brand name in the Score table.
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1 How to Live a Low-Carbon Life by Chris Goodall, Earthscan 2010
2 MINTEL, Ovens and Microwaves - UK - November 2012
3 The elephant in the living room: how our appliances and gadgets are trampling the green dream, Energy Saving Trust, September 2011
This product guide is part of a Special Report on Home Appliances. See what's in the rest of the report. | <urn:uuid:86c7070b-7e7b-4406-a24a-a309ac04b553> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ethicalconsumer.org/buyersguides/appliances/cookers.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285289.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00154-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.905414 | 1,263 | 2.625 | 3 |
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