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With her keen eye, Isabella is a trained soldier, zeroing in on her targets as they swarm above the garbage at the Monmouth County Reclamation Center.
At just over $450,000 a year — or an average of $45,000 each — Isabella and her fellow winged predators cost Monmouth County more than some of its human employees. But no one ever said mercenaries come cheap. It’s a price to pay to keep those seagulls, which used to flock to the landfill by the thousands, at bay.
The mere presence of the 10 peregrine and hybrid falcons is enough to drive away the gulls, which feast on garbage and create a public health concern with their droppings.
Monmouth County has been using falcons at the landfill since December 2011, said Richard Throckmorton, the reclamation facility superintendent. And they initially got there almost by chance.
Gulls had been a “huge nuisance” at the landfill for some time, at the worst swarming the facility in a colony of more than 5,000. “They’d get so thick sometimes that the operators couldn’t see each other on the landfill,” Throckmorton said.
Only one gull, flying amid a handful of turkey vultures, could be spotted during a recent visit to the facility.
By late in 2011, Throckmorton had tried just about everything. He fired propane cannons that emit a bang, played recordings of seagulls in distress, shot off pyrotechnics and even flew a large helium balloon painted to look like an eyeball.
All worked — until the gulls got used to them. “It was frustrating to say the least,” he said. “After the blasts, the birds would come back and land on the propane cannon.”
But one night, Throckmorton heard a knock at the office door. “I believe my bird is here,” a woman said.
Not knowing what the woman was talking about, Throckmorton asked his staff, who admitted a falcon appeared a day earlier. They wanted it to stay as long as it could.
“The guys didn’t want to tell me about it because it was working really well,” he said.
The falcon program has now been in Ocean County for 13 years. They patrol from dawn until dusk, six days a week, weather permitting. When the falconers spot a large number of gulls, they bring out a falcon. Barnes said gulls are scared off in some cases by just the sight of the white Jeep Wranglers that carry the falcons.
“The gulls realized they could become food at any stage,” he said.
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Today we want to walk through some updated analysis on the benefit that prerendering can provide on load times. AMP is designed to reduce page load time, and one of the most important ways Google Search reduces page load time is through privacy-preserving-prerendering AMP documents before a link is clicked.
First Viewport Ready
The AMP framework has been designed to understand the layout of all page content and the loading status of all resources, so it can determine the time when all "above the fold" content has loaded. It also knows when the document is prerendered and when it is displayed. Thus, the AMP framework can compute the time from click until the above the fold content is displayed. AMP measures page load speed with a custom metric called First Viewport Ready (FVR). This is defined as the point in time "when non-ad resources above the fold fired their load event measured from the time the user clicks (So takes pre-rendering into account)". If an AMP document is fully prerendered this metric will be 0. If prerendering was not complete at the time of click or if the document was not prerendered at all, then the metric will be greater than 0.
Google Search prerenders some AMP documents and not others so we are able to see the impact that prerendering has on FVR. The chart below shows percentiles for FVR with and without prerendering. FVR is 0 when the AMP framework successfully completes prerendering before the document is displayed.
First Contentful Paint
First Contentful Paint (FCP) is a page load speed metric that is measured by the browser. It is available for all documents, not just AMP documents. FCP is the point in time when the first bit of content from the DOM is rendered. A high value for FCP indicates that a page is definitely slow, but a low value for FCP does not necessarily mean that a page loads quickly since the first bit may not be important content. This is useful, but since AMP has a better understanding of what content is visible, FVR gives a better understanding of when content becomes visible.
FCP is not aware of prerendering so AMP computes a prerender sensitive derivative metric, Prerender-adjusted First Contentful Paint (PFCP), that subtracts out the time before click. When not prerendered, PFCP = FCP. FCP also decreases with prerendering, but the difference is less dramatic than FVR.
It may be surprising that median prerendered PFCP is higher than median prerendered FVR. This happens because the browser has to draw the content to the screen after the click. PFCP includes that time, while FVR does not.
Prerendering AMP documents leads to substantial improvements in page load times. Page load time can be measured in different ways, but they consistently show that prerendering lets users see the content they want faster. For now, only AMP can provide the privacy preserving prerendering needed for this speed benefit. In the future, new web platform features, such as Signed Exchanges, will bring privacy-preserving instant loading to non-AMP documents too.
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Texas Rep. Sam Johnson and Arizona Sen. John McCain have had a complicated relationship in Congress, despite the fact the Republicans were once cellmates in the infamous Hanoi Hilton during the Vietnam war.
Johnson endorsed George W. Bush for president in 2000, calling his fellow war hero “too liberal.” He also worked tirelessly to defeat McCain’s “blanket amnesty” immigration bill in 2007, telling the San Antonio Express News, “hopefully this bill will never see the light of day again” when it fell in the Senate.
In the Gingrich years, he helped lead a group of right-wing rebels, founding the Conservative Action Team, an antecedent to the Republican Study Committee. And to this day, an “immigration” page on Johnson’s website begins with his longtime adage, “If you break the law, you should be deported.”
So it has baffled even the staunch conservative’s close allies that he is participating in bipartisan negotiations on an immigration fix with liberal Democratic Reps. Xavier Becerra of California and Luis V. Gutierrez of Illinois.
To wit, Johnson was the secretive group’s founding Republican member.
In March 2009, Becerra approached Johnson, asking if he wanted to discuss the issue broadly. The two had become friends while serving on the Smithsonian Institution’s Board of Regents, as well as on the Ways and Means Committee.
With the initial talks going well, the two discussed bringing in other members. But first, Johnson got the prodding of a rather influential Republican: then-Minority Leader John A. Boehner of Ohio.
“Boehner and I talked and he asked me to do it, and I said I would,” Johnson said when asked to explain his initial involvement.
That admission illustrates how the man who is now speaker had a significantly more important role in helping create the working group than has previously been disclosed.
Senate Jokes Break the Ice
With encouragement from leadership, Johnson began recruiting Republicans on the House floor, starting with a fellow conservative Texan, Rep. John Carter, who colleagues refer to as “Judge Carter” thanks to his years in the 1980s as a district court judge in Williamson County, Texas.
Carter is as conservative as Johnson and the two are quite close; they attend a Christian retreat together once a year.
Former Reps. Lincoln Diaz-Balart and Adam H. Putnam were also brought into the circle, and the Republicans met among themselves to discuss their negotiating strategy.
When the original Republicans and Democrats finally came face to face, “like any of these kind of meetings, the first few minutes are like a couple of dogs circling each other,” recalled Putnam, who is now serving as Florida’s agriculture commissioner and is a potential future gubernatorial candidate.
The improbable collection of liberals and conservatives broke the ice with jokes about how lame the Senate is, an ever-popular topic among members of the House.
For almost four years after that, the group would meet in secret, its ranks swelling to as many as 20 lawmakers, with nary a leak until Boehner accidentally disclosed its existence to the larger world when a video of his remarks at a conservative think tank was put online in January.
Toiling to avoid the tag of “amnesty,” the group has tentatively settled on a plan that would require illegal immigrants to appear in federal court and plead guilty to breaking U.S. immigration law.
Illegal immigrants would be required to complete this step before embarking on a conditional pathway to citizenship that would take at least a decade. In fact, illegal immigrants would essentially be granted legal status when a federal judge sentences them to “probation” for illegally crossing the border.
The House working group is poised to unveil its proposal in May, although the issue of guest workers has become an unexpected sticking point after Republicans balked at an agreement between the U.S. Chamber of Commerce and the AFL-CIO, sources said.
‘Moral Compass of Our Conference’
Although Rep. Raúl R. Labrador of Idaho, a relative newcomer to Congress and the secretive immigration group, has received much of the attention as the conservative face of the group, House lawmakers and aides say Johnson’s reputation both as a conservative and a war hero could prove more influential.
“Mr. Speaker, it’s no exaggeration when I say I believe that Sam Johnson is the moral compass of our conference,” Majority Leader Eric Cantor said on the House floor in February, marking the 40th anniversary of Johnson’s release as a prisoner of war.
Johnson’s Vietnam experience is the stuff of legend and he remains deeply affected by it. For example, he still refuses to eat rice.
Keith Self, a judge in Collin County, Texas, whom some Republicans consider a leading candidate to replace Johnson if he ever retires, recalled an outdoor political event where he was sitting next to Johnson on stage on a “bitterly cold” day.
The two hadn’t had a chance to say hello, so Self looked over to Johnson expecting a greeting. “And he says, in his Air Force colonel’s voice, ‘You are not supposed to shiver.’ It wasn’t, ‘Hello, Keith,’ it wasn’t — there was nothing. It was, ‘You are not supposed to shiver,’ and what he was telling me was, ‘You’re showing weakness,’” Self said.
POW Turned Key Salesman
Johnson’s status as a war hero also means he’s politically impervious at home. Though tea party activists in his district were shocked to learn that he was negotiating with Becerra and Gutierrez, it doesn’t mean they can do anything about it.
“I liken filing against Sam Johnson in a primary as serving roasted puppies at a PETA convention. It’s just, politically, the biggest violation of etiquette,” said Michael Openshaw, a conservative activist in Plano, Texas. Even so, “someone” did talk about mounting such a challenge in the last cycle, but Openshaw warned them “you cannot attack an M1 tank with a can opener.”
When Openshaw asked Dave Heil, Johnson’s chief of staff, to explain what the Texas Republican was up to, Heil responded in an email.
“In Sam’s view, sitting around and doing nothing is a great disservice to his constituency, his state and his country. He doesn’t want to be having this debate in another 10 or 15 years, we need to solve this problem now and for the future,” Heil wrote.
Supporters of the immigration group also think Johnson’s reputation will help sell their bipartisan deal.
“He’s a great American. Everyone loves him and he can do whatever he wants. If a POW of seven years is behind something, you’re just an asshole if you oppose it,” a GOP House aide said.
Maybe, although prudence would dictate some caution. Just ask McCain.
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Updated 5:40 p.m.
Lawmakers filed a new bill Thursday that would change discovery rules in federal criminal cases, requiring prosecutors to turn over any information that would be favorable to the defense as soon as possible – or face sanctions.
The timing of the bill's introduction wasn't arbitrary. Sen. Lisa Murkowski (R-Alaska) announced the Fairness in Disclosure Act of 2012 on the day a report was released showing prosecutorial misconduct in the criminal case against former Alaska Sen. Ted Stevens.
At a Capitol Hill press conference, Murkowski said the Department of Justice breached its duty. “Instead of justice being blind, in this case, justice was blindly ignored,” Murkowski said.
There are 97 different standards across the country for DOJ prosecutors when it comes to disclosing potentially exculpatory evidence, and the bill would create one national standard and would not make it optional to follow, Murkowski said.
The law carves out a few exemptions – protective orders and sealed filings in matters of national security – but otherwise requires prosecutors to disclose to defense attorneys any exculpatory evidence they have, as soon as they have it.
The disclosure must be made after the arraignment and before any guilty plea, at which time the evidence disclosed is too late to be of use. The bill adds sanctions if prosecutors do not follow the standard, and does not require a judge to first order the disclosure of the evidence.
Murkowski was flanked by representatives of the American Bar Association, the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers and the American Civil Liberties Union, who all support the bill. The ABA said it has asked the DOJ to implement one standard for disclosure, and it has refused.
Sen. Kay Bailey Hutchison (R-Texas) is co-sponsoring the bill. She said the wide array of disclosure laws for the DOJ “almost invites the type of behavior that plagued this case.”
An ACLU official, Michael Macleod-Ball, pointed out that this was just one high-profile case that highlights a bigger problem. “It’s not just Senator Stevens who suffered this prosecutorial abuse, it’s thousands and thousands of others,” he said.
The DOJ is reviewing the proposed legislation, but has "significant concerns" about the impact of the bill on victims, witnesses and the criminal law enforcement process, a department spokesperson said.
Elsewhere on Capitol Hill, Sen. Patrick Leahy (D-Vt.), said he plans to hold a Senate Judiciary Committee hearing before the April recess with Henry "Hank" Schuelke III, the special prosecutor who conducted the Stevens investigation.
Leahy, the chair of the Judiciary Committee and a former prosecutor himself, said he expressed real concerns at the time of the Stevens trial that prosecutors were not meeting their discovery obligations.
“I believe everybody before our courts should have a fair trial. I don’t care whether it’s a Senator or an indigent client,” Leahy said at a hearing this morning.
“That means prosecutors have a responsibility to fairly disclose what the evidence is to the other side,” Leahy said. “I went so far as, when I was a prosecutor, I had a rule: we gave a copy of our file to defense counsel.”
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Indian Journal of Science and Technology
Year: 2015, Volume: 8, Issue: 23, Pages: 1-4
R. Umadevi1* and G. M. Nasira2
1 Department of Computer Science, Periyar University, Salem – 636011, Tamil Nadu, India; [email protected]
2 Department of Computer Science, Chikkanna Government Arts College, Tirupur – 641602, Tamil Nadu, India; [email protected]
Now-a-days, several well-organized data hiding methods have been introduced and implemented using video steganography channel. Data hiding is to accomplish better data communication by hiding information into a video medium carrier to form an unrecognizable code stream. In the consideration of security aspect for communication process especially in video we enhanced this QoS factor security in this paper. Due to heavy packet loss, channel bit errors, video stego analysis have become a significant addition to the security aspects and are extensively developed as a complementary line to conventional security method. In this work, Fourier Transform With Security (FTWS) technique is applied for improve the security on video files in communication process. In this paper, a Secure Hash Polynomial Function to provide multi-layer security according to the modular additions and density functions is presented. Through the analysis of performance factor the security is important factor in our research. Finally, the simulation results evaluated by Video Quality Experts Group with parameter such as security with multilayered for 110 frames using MATLAB. It shows that the method FTWS enhance the security significantly compared with typical state-of-the-art methods.
Keywords: Fourier Transform, Hash Polynomial Function, Packet Loss, Security, Video Steganography
Subscribe now for latest articles and news.
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Thank you, Paul, for that introduction. And thanks to all of the chiefs, captains and sergeants who are here, as well as the friends and family who have joined us.
What a pleasure to be here today. What a privilege to join so many men and women in uniform.
Let me add my congratulations to all of the graduates of Class #185 for the North Central Texas Regional Police Academy. Today you leave the classroom. Tomorrow you enter our communities, our neighborhoods and our streets. I thank you for choosing to serve others.
One of my favorite figures in history is Winston Churchill. And I love what he said about courage. He said courage is the most important of all the virtues because it makes all the other virtues possible.
And no one shows us what real courage is like men and women in uniform. Whether they are soldiers in Iraq or police officer in North Texas, those who serve show us courage the very moment they put on the uniform.
We’ve always known this. But sometimes we’ve forgotten it. Sometimes we need reminders of what true courage is. Five and a half years ago, we got such a reminder. On September 11, 2001, a peaceful blue sky was darkened by the ominous dark clouds flowing from the World Trade Centers. Soon, the buildings convulsed with rage and collapsed to the ground.
Many tried to escape the buildings. But others tried to enter it. Not long after the planes hit the towers, police officers began entering the building to save others. Think about that: as the buildings were collapsing, police officers were going in to save others.
Officer Moira Smith was one of them. She was a 38 year-old wife and mother. She was last seen carrying people from one of the buildings and into safety. She died when Tower II collapsed. The daughter she left behind was only two years-old.
Officer David Lim was another. He was in the stairwell of the North Tower when it collapsed. Yet miraculously, he survived. “It lasted about fifteen seconds,” he said of the building falling down all around him. “But it felt like forever.”
Officer Steve Alonso was another hero that day. He was on leave. But police officers are always on call. And so it was that he rushed to the World Trade Centers that day. He survived that fateful day. But he never forgot it.
Listen to how Officer Alonso described the job of being a police officer. “Being a cop is an act of heroism,” he said. “You have to deal with it every single day.”
What is amazing about all of these police officers is that they didn’t find what they did to be amazing. They saw it as part of their job. Being courageous is the first requirement in a police officer’s job description.
And so today, all of you join the ranks of Officers Smith, Lim and Alonso. You join a proud band of brothers and sisters who sacrifice themselves to serve others. And there is no more noble expression of human decency as that. The Bible says no greater love exists than this: that a person risks his own life for others.
All of you are now leaders in your communities. So let me take just a moment and talk to you about what I believe leadership is all about.
First, leadership means not just doing things right, but doing the right thing. As police officers you will have plenty of opportunities to show that you can run a patrol or investigate a crime. And I know that all of you will follow your training closely and you do your jobs effectively.
But more is required of you than that. I urge you to not just look for ways to make the grade, look for ways to make a difference. People look up to you, respond to you, listen to you. You have influence. So use it. Find ways to be an example in your station and in your community. Get to know the people you come across in your area. Volunteer at a local school. Simply put, I urge all of you to do well by doing good. Don’t just be great officers, be good people.
Second, leadership means doing what is hard. Leadership means the willingness to take on big projects, tough assignments and long hours. Are the risks greater for doing it this way? Sure. But so are they rewards.
It wasn’t easy for those NYPD officers to enter the twin towers. They all had families. But they also all had a commitment to protect and serve. And so even though it was difficult, they went into those buildings and save countless lives. Always remember—what you do as police officers may not ever be easy, but it will always be rewarding.
And finally, leadership means setting an example. All of us in public service have a responsibility to not just carry the title but to be worthy of it. You will have a good deal of authority granted to you as an officer. Be careful that you always use it wisely and well. As Dwight Eisenhower once said, a person who values his privileges above his principles will soon lose both. Be proud to be an officer. But take care to be an example. Enjoy the privileges that come with it. But never forget the principles for which you stand. You must always lead by example…always be above reproach…always find ways to warm the cold of life all around you. Be an officer. But more important, be a leader.
In the coming years, you will undoubtedly endure many difficult days. But like fire refines a precious metal, so too your challenges will strengthen and chisel you into even better officers, better leaders, and better people.
Someday and somewhere, I’m quite sure you will determine that Officer Alonso was right. You will decide that every single day is a challenge and an opportunity. My advice is to embrace it.
Every single day you will have the ability to protect the weak and vulnerable. And you will.
Every single day you will have the chance to fight crime and foster hope. And you should.
And every single day you will be called upon to be courageous. And you must.
I want to thank all of you once more for your commitment and your conviction, for your service and your sacrifice. Today, the thin blue line got a little bit deeper here in North Texas. Some great new officers have joined the force. And our communities, our state and our nation will be better, safer places thanks to all of you.
I thank you. I praise you. And I congratulate you.
May God bless you all.
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21st Century Panglong Conference (31 Aug – 5 Sep)
GENEVA (29 August 2016) – Speaking ahead of a crucial peace conference in Myanmar, United Nations independent expert Yanghee Lee has urged participants to prioritise human rights issues in their discussions over the coming days, and to do more to ensure the process is fully inclusive.
The 21st Century Panglong Conference, which will take place in the capital Naypyidaw from 31 August to 5 September, is the first major peace conference held in Myanmar since Aung San Suu Kyi’s National League for Democracy assumed power in late March 2016.
“Discrimination, land rights, equitable sharing of natural resources are at the heart of the conflict in Myanmar, and therefore must also be at the heart of the peace discussions and solutions,” said the UN the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar. “It is only by addressing and prioritising these issues that the durable peace desired by the people of Myanmar can be achieved.”
“A lot is at stake with this Panglong Conference,” Ms. Lee stressed. “As with the peace process generally in Myanmar, this is the opportunity to transform the country, into a state that the people of Myanmar have wanted for several decades. But to do so it must be fully inclusive.”
The human rights expert drew special attention to women’s participation as a vital ingredient in successful and transformative peace agreements. “Unfortunately,” she warned, “women will be underrepresented in the coming discussions despite making up over half of the population in Myanmar.”
Noting that civil society will have a parallel peace forum, Ms. Lee also underlined the need for “civil society organisations, who have been on the front lines of the conflict, to be fully involved in the process at every level.”
“Young people, whose futures are most affected by the outcome of the conference should also have a voice in this and future discussions,” the human rights expert said. “But the young people themselves must also remember the importance of inclusivity not just amongst armed groups but within all communities.”
Ms. Lee called the conference “a historic moment” but cautioned against celebrating too much too early. “This is the first brick into the paving of a long road ahead. There is so much, much more to be discussed and negotiated after the first 21st Panglong Conference.” She called for all parties to “be committed and to work together in full steam to achieve a sustainable, inclusive and transformative peace.”
“This is the beginning of the process of creating a beautiful mosaic of a diverse, harmonious, and peaceful new Myanmar,” emphasised the UN Special Rapporteur.
Ms. Yanghee Lee (Republic of Korea) was appointed by the UN Human Rights Council in 2014 as the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar. Ms. Lee served as member and chairperson of the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child (2003-2011). She is currently a professor at Sungkyunwan University, Seoul, and serves on the Advisory Committee of the National Human Rights Commission of Korea. Ms. Lee is the founding President of International Child Rights Center, and serves as Vice-chair of the National Unification Advisory Council. Learn more, go to: http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/SP/CountriesMandates/MM/Pages/SRMyanmar.aspx
The Special Rapporteurs are part of what is known as the Special Procedures of the Human Rights Council. Special Procedures, the largest body of independent experts in the UN Human Rights system, is the general name of the Council’s independent fact-finding and monitoring mechanisms. Special Procedures mandate-holders are independent human rights experts appointed by the Human Rights Council to address either specific country situations or thematic issues in all parts of the world. They are not UN staff and are independent from any government or organization. They serve in their individual capacity and do not receive a salary for their work.
Check the Special Rapporteur’s latest report on Myanmar (A/HRC/31/71): http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/RegularSessions/Session31/Pages/ListReports.aspx
UN Human Rights, country page – Myanmar: http://www.ohchr.org/EN/countries/AsiaRegion/Pages/MMIndex.aspx
For more information and media requests, please contact:
In Geneva: Ms. Azwa Petra (+ 44 22 928 9103 / firstname.lastname@example.org)
In Bangkok (OHCHR Regional Office): Mr. Jeremy J Laurence (+66 2 288 2627 / email@example.com)
For media inquiries related to other UN independent experts:
Xabier Celaya, UN Human Rights – Media Unit (+ 41 22 917 9383 / firstname.lastname@example.org)
For your news websites and social media: Multimedia content & key messages relating to our news releases are available on UN Human Rights social media channels, listed below. Please tag us using the proper handles:
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People that work in the healthcare field are compassionate caregivers who are passionate about helping people. This is nowhere more exemplified than in a subset of healthcare called community health. Community healthcare organizations work with underserved or at-risk populations around the United States. These areas are rural or urban poor and they hold a special place within the healthcare continuum. Each of these centers of excellence are devoted to the region they serve, making them a unique part of their community and the healthcare spectrum. If you’re not intrigued by this mission, perhaps it’s the opportunities inherent in working in these facilities that will resonate. Why work for a community health center? Here’s why.
Great Job Opportunities
It’s a buyer’s market in healthcare right now. Healthcare facilities added another 16.3k new jobs in May of this year alone. This year, too, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) granted $227 million to training programs to build new skilled workers in the community health field. This translates to more jobs, higher salaries, and bigger opportunities for healthcare workers across the board. We should also mention there are jobs for people with all skillsets and experience levels in the community healthcare field.
Higher Job Satisfaction
If you are going into healthcare because you want to serve people, there is no better place than in the community healthcare field. Most of the clients seeking care from your local federally qualified health center (FQHC) are low income and uninsured. That makes working in these facilities highly rewarding. Community healthcare organizations provide a critical safety net for communities who have been marginalized or are at the bottom of the income bracket. They are often lodged within a slice of America that is rural or urban poor. Not only is the mission-driven work with these populations an attractant, one therapist working in the field says the benefits include, “a close-knit community, the ability to easily communicate and collaborate with others, and the ability…to integrate training and liaison with other disciplines.”
Compensation and Loan Repayment
Many states have moved to give frontline healthcare workers a raise since COVID. Although many in community healthcare say it’s the mission that attracted them, the salaries are competitive and the growth potential high. But even more attractive than the mission and salary is the fact that there are scholarships, loans, and even loan forgiveness programs for anyone considering working in the community healthcare sector. Given that nearly 70% of healthcare students graduate with loan debt averaging $200,000, this is an attractive incentive to join the community healthcare field.
Varied, Meaningful Work
Every day in community healthcare is different. When you’re serving an entire population within your facility, no two days will be the same. This task variety is highly desirable for most clinical workers, because they will hone their triage and treatment skills while experiencing the variety that comes from working in community health. To put it simply, no two days are the same in community healthcare. For most of us, that makes for an enticing job description.
UHC Solutions specializes in placing skilled workers into community healthcare facilities. Call on us to explore your options.
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"Every culture has a myth of decline from some golden age, and almost all peoples throughout history have been pessimists. Even today pessimism still dominates huge parts of the world. An indefinite pessimist looks out onto a bleak future, but he has no idea what to do about it. This describes Europe since the early 1970s, when the continent succumbed to undirected bureaucratic drift. Today the whole Eurozone is in slow-motion crisis, and nobody is in charge. The European Central Bank doesn’t stand for anything but improvisation: the U.S. Treasury prints “In God We Trust” on the dollar; the ECB might as well print “Kick the Can Down the Road” on the euro. Europeans just react to events as they happen and hope things don’t get worse."
This is a combined three-part article that includes:
Alright, let's get started...
You should read this book summary if:
This book is essentially a collection of lectures delivered by Peter Thiel during his teaching years at Stanford. Along with co-author (and former student) Blake Masters -- Thiel has put together a hard-hitting set of standards for entrepreneurs, startups, and thought-leaders to carefully consider when building the “next big thing” of the future.
Quite frankly, certain sections of the book are so ridiculously well put together that one just sits there and thinks after reading them. Chapter after chapter, Thiel gives example after example of how to successfully build the future.
But Why Listen To Thiel?
Well, Peter Thiel has played a role in partnering with, inspiring and/or investing in some of the most successful tech entrepreneurs in the United States (and probably the world) including:
Oh, and by the way -- all of the above named companies are worth at least $1 billion each. That’s a serious chunk of change. Reading Zero To One is sort of like taking a peek into the mind of one of the most successful multi-billionaire investors alive today... In this book summary, we’ll get into the top 10-12 key take-aways from the book, including:
Ready? Let’s get into it.
“Doing what we already know how to do takes the world from 1 to n, adding more of something familiar. But every time we create something new, we go from 0 to 1. The act of creation is singular, as is the moment of creation, and the result is something fresh and strange.”
Thiel spends a great deal of the preface and first chapter putting into perspective the difference between going from “1 to n” (doing more of what's already been done) vs. going from “0 to 1” (doing something that’s never been done before).
Bottom line? Challenge the status quo. Really and truly do your best to “think differently” and go from “0 to 1” rather than “1 to n”.
* Innovation = creating and doing something totally new.
“Conventional beliefs only ever appear arbitrary and wrong in retrospect; whenever one collapses, we call the old belief a bubble. But the distortions caused by bubbles don’t disappear when they pop. The internet craze of the ‘90s was the biggest bubble since the crash of 1929, and the lessons learned afterward define and distort almost all thinking about technology today. The first step to thinking clearly is to question what we think we know about the past.”
That last sentence was so good it deserves to be repeated: “The first step to thinking clearly is to question what we think we know about the past.”
Far too often, we make premature conclusions about business based on misinterpreted reactions to past mistakes. For example: just because investors over-invested in “technology” in the late ‘90s (the dot com era) doesn’t mean that entrepreneurs of today should become strict adherents to being as “lean” as possible in their business approach.
The past does not equal the future: According to Thiel, the business mistakes of the past have dictated the approach entrepreneurs decide to take for the future.
For example: Silicon Valley entrepreneurs learned four big lessons from the dot-com crash that still guide business thinking today:
* Make incremental advances.
* Stay lean and flexible (No plan. Lots of iteration.)
* Improve on the competition.
* Focus on product. Not sales.
According to Thiel, the four lessons above were mistakenly accepted as dogma for the modern day startup because of the mistakes of the past; proposing the opposite principles instead:
* It is better to risk boldness than triviality.
* A bad plan is better than no plan.
* Competitive markets destroy profits.
* Sales matters just as much as product.
* Instead of doing the absolute opposite of something that didn’t work in the past, think for yourself, and formulate an informed hypothesis of whether it might work in your own particular situation.
* Constantly ask yourself when considering a new project or endeavor: What important truth do very few people agree with you on? (Also keep in mind, the business version of the question: what valuable company is nobody building?)
“Americans mythologize competition and credit it with saving us from socialist bread lines. Actually, capitalism and competition are opposites. Capitalism is premised on the accumulation of capital, but under perfect competition all profits get competed away. The lesson for entrepreneurs is clear: if you want to create and capture lasting value, don’t build an undifferentiated commodity business.”
I don’t know about you, but I’ve been in more negative competition-related situations in life than positive ones. For me, competing with people has resulted in some pretty nasty things… feelings get hurt. Friendships and bonds begin to break. And bad blood starts to form. And this applies to business, too…
Creating Trumps Competing
Focusing on the competition works well in a narrowly defined activity -- like swimming, for instance. But if you’re trying to build a company -- the only thing you’ll get out of focusing on the competition is a one way ticket to bankruptcy court. So, rather than wasting your time, efforts, and energy focusing on the competition, it’s better to focus on dominating all of (or a majority of) a small niche market.
“MONOPOLY means new products that benefit everybody and sustainable profits for the creator. Competition means no profits for anybody, no meaningful differentiation, and a struggle for survival. So why do people believe that competition is healthy? The answer is that competition is not just an economic concept or a simple inconvenience that individuals and companies must deal with in the marketplace. More than anything else, competition is an ideology—the ideology—that pervades our society and distorts our thinking. We preach competition, internalize its necessity, and enact its commandments; and as a result, we trap ourselves within it—even though the more we compete, the less we gain.”
What’s a Monopoly?
A monopoly is a company that has the majority of control over a specific market.
The greatest example of a modern day monopoly is Google (see below for details).
Characteristics of Monopoly
Most monopolies with large cash flows seem to share the following characteristics (Thiel warns that this is not a checklist, but a list of common characteristics in successful monopolies, that you should think about through the lens of your own business):
Dominate a Specific Niche... Then Scale
Start with a small target market and focus on it. Once you've succeeded, THEN broaden your horizons from there. This is what the most successful companies do. Think about Amazon. Jeff Bezos deliberately started with the intention of making Amazon the world's largest book store. Once that happened, he expanded into adjacent markets.
Don't Become a Disruption
Napster was a disruption. They disrupted the music recording industry almost overnight and became massively huge as a result of doing so... And then they ended up filing for bankruptcy shortly thereafter. Avoid startup ideas that disrupt and compete. This sounds counterintuitive at first, because many new businesses want to promote like crazy and let the competition know that there's a new sherif in town, but in all actuality, the best approach in the beginning is to avoid these tactics, as they may sometimes lead to problems a startup shouldn't be dealing with.
* Niche first, expand later.
* Do not disrupt. Avoid competing. Create something that contributes to the overall growth of the industry/market you're serving instead.
“Hundreds of people have started multiple multimillion-dollar businesses. A few, like Steve Jobs, Jack Dorsey, and Elon Musk, have created several multibillion-dollar companies. If success were mostly a matter of luck, these kinds of serial entrepreneurs probably wouldn’t exist. In January 2013, Jack Dorsey, founder of Twitter and Square, tweeted to his 2 million followers: “Success is never accidental.”
Some folks say that successful people are lucky… this is rarely ever the case. When an individual succeeds at something, they usually planned on making that happen. If you want to become successful —whether with a startup or a personal endeavor—here’s what Thiel recommends:
* Figure out what you want and why you want it.
* Develop a long term plan for the future.
* Execute against it strategically.
“For whoever has will be given more, and they will have an abundance. Whoever does not have, even what they have will be taken from them” (Matthew 25:29). Albert Einstein made the same observation when he stated that compound interest was “the eighth wonder of the world,” “the greatest mathematical discovery of all time,” or even “the most powerful force in the universe.”
Supposedly, the quote above was misattributed to Einstein. But regardless of whether he said it or not, the power of exponential growth remains without a doubt, one of the most powerful phenomena known to man (and woman!).
“Power law distributions are so big that they hide in plain sight. For example, when most people outside Silicon Valley think of venture capital, they might picture a small and quirky coterie—like ABC’s Shark Tank, only without commercials. After all, less than 1% of new businesses started each year in the U.S. receive venture funding, and total VC investment accounts for less than 0.2% of GDP. But the results of those investments disproportionately propel the entire economy. Venture-backed companies create 11% of all private sector jobs. They generate annual revenues equivalent to an astounding 21% of GDP. Indeed, the dozen largest tech companies were all venture-backed. Together those 12 companies are worth more than $2 trillion, more than all other tech companies combined.”
The Power Law tells us essentially what Pareto’s Principle tells us: the efforts of the few (20%) are responsible for the majority of results (80%).
So, let’s use it, eh?
“The first team that I built has become known in Silicon Valley as the “PayPal Mafia” because so many of my former colleagues have gone on to help each other start and invest in successful tech companies. We sold PayPal to eBay for $1.5 billion in 2002. Since then, Elon Musk has founded SpaceX and co-founded Tesla Motors; Reid Hoffman co-founded LinkedIn; Steve Chen, Chad Hurley, and Jawed Karim together founded YouTube; Jeremy Stoppelman and Russel Simmons founded Yelp; David Sacks co-founded Yammer; and I co-founded Palantir. Today all seven of those companies are worth more than $1 billion each.”
Wow… How many people can say that they inspired, advised, hired and/or worked with people like Elon Musk; and companies like SpaceX, LinkedIn, or Yelp? These are some of the coolest, most innovative companies of the 21st century (so far, at least). So, what’s the secret behind these types of billion dollar firms? Quite frankly, it’s actually pretty simple...
Have em’ focus on one big thing: In Thiel’s words, his ability to assemble teams that build billion dollar companies lies within his focus on making “every person in the company responsible for doing just one thing. Every employee’s one thing was unique, and everyone knew I would evaluate him only on that one thing.” Why just one big thing?
Because defining roles reduces conflict. “Most fights inside a company happen when colleagues compete for the same responsibilities. Startups face an especially high risk of this since job roles are fluid at the early stages. Eliminating competition makes it easier for everyone to build the kinds of long-term relationships that transcend mere professionalism. More than that, internal peace is what enables a startup to survive at all. When a startup fails, we often imagine it succumbing to predatory rivals in a competitive ecosystem. But every company is also its own ecosystem, and factional strife makes it vulnerable to outside threats.” … That’s a biggie! Here are some action steps you can start planning and putting into play right now...
* Make everyone do/focus on one big thing. Nothing more.
* Hire people that want to work for you because they believe in what you and the organization believe.
* Make sure everyone gets along.
* Don’t be afraid to hire people who are a little obsessive about their work. It’s not always a bad thing.
“If you’ve invented something new but you haven’t invented an effective way to sell it, you have a bad business -- no matter how good the product.”
This is so true. If ALL you do is build it -- they won’t come… because you’ve got to make sure that you distribute that awesome new product/service as well. Unfortunately, many of the most intelligent folks in the world (namely, engineers) don’t believe in sales. Or believe that “the product will sell itself”. The truth is, the product WON’T sell itself. We need to get up and take actionable steps towards distributing the product once we’ve designed it.
* Figure out what you need to do to ensure you’re distributing your products, programs, or services via the appropriate channels: will it be personal selling? Will you need to take out ads? Will you need to generate some PR attention? It would be wise to figure it out and make it happen… otherwise, your business is doomed, because no one will know about it.
“Our task today is to find singular ways to create the new things that will make the future not just different, but better—to go from 0 to 1. The essential first step is to think for yourself. Only by seeing our world anew, as fresh and strange as it was to the ancients who saw it first, can we both re-create it and preserve it for the future.”
It’s up to you and I — regardless of whether we’re entrepreneurs or in-trapreneurs (working within an organization)—the decisions we make TODAY determine the success (or lack thereof) we experience TOMORROW.
So I challenge you, as Thiel does in this phenomenal book, to THINK critically about what you want to do with your business/career/life, and the ultimate impact it will have on the future…
Do you want to do something familiar, ordinary, and average?
Or do you want to do something extraordinary?--Something that no one has seen before..
Thinking ordinary gets you from 1 to n.
Thinking extraordinary gets you from 0 to 1.
Now let’s go build the future.
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We propose a theory of self-fulfilling unemployment fluctuations. Whena firm increases its workforce, it raises demand and weakens competition facing other firms, as employed workers spend more and have less time to search for low prices than unemployed workers. These effects induce other firms to hire more labor in order to scale up their presence in the product market. The feedback between employment and product market conditions generates multiple equilibria—and the possibility of self-fulfilling fluctuations—if differences in shopping behavior between employed and unemployed are large enough. Evidence on spending, shopping, and prices suggests that this is the case.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Economics and Econometrics
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"The cave explorers had seen these strange biofilms," says Macalady. "So we asked them if they could get us a sample."
The Frasassi cave system is located north of Rome and south of Venice in the Marche region. These limestone caves are like New Mexico's Carlsbad Caverns and Lechuguilla Cave, but in those caves, sulfur entered the caves from oil and gas reserves, while in Italy, the sulfur source is a thick gypsum layer below. Having sulfur in the environment allows sulfur-using organisms to grow.
The researchers received about the weight of two paper clips of the strange rope to analyze. They reported the results of their DNA sequencing today (Dec. 19) at the American Geophysical Union Conference in San Francisco.
"We did not retrieve any sequences for known methane-producing organisms or known methane oxidizers," says Macalady.
The researchers did find that about half the organisms were bacteria and the other half belonged to another single-celled group of organisms called archaea. The researchers identified half the bacteria as sulfate reducers, bacteria that convert sulfates into sulfide to obtain energy. Of the archaea, more than half were associated with organisms usually found in deep sea sediments and referred to as marine benthic group D (MBG-D). Researchers do not know how MBG-D organisms obtain energy, although they are always found in oxygen-less locations.
The 2 inches of ropey biofilm under study was two-tenth of an inch in diameter. Microscopic images of the rope show that some of the single-celled organisms have shapes that intertwine with each other and some have tendrils.
"We do not know why the have the shape they do," says Macalady. "Microorganisms in them likely secrete some sticky goo, an extra-cellular polymeric substance -- slime that holds them together."
What the researchers do know is that the location where these ropes grow is very low in available energy -- considered an energy-limiting environment. The location can support only very slow growth. The ropes range in length from one to two meters, and radiocarbon dating places them at 1,000 to 2,000 years old.
"Previous researchers have estimated the rate of cell growth in some deep sea sediments to a cell division every thousand years," says Macalady.
Microscopic images of the rope using three dyes, one for DNA, one for bacteria and one for archaea, show very little activity in the bacteria or archaea, probably because the dyes highlight ribosomes and they only exist in a cell when it is actively metabolizing.
The researchers, who include Macalady; Daniel S. Jones and Rebecca R. McCauley, graduate students, geosciences; Irene Schaperdoth, research associate; and Dan Bloom, undergraduate honors student in astrobiology, are hoping to obtain more microbial rope samples this summer. They will work with divers to get samples from the deepest and shallowest ends of the ropes in order to find clues about how they grow.
A'ndrea Elyse Messer | EurekAlert!
New Study Will Help Find the Best Locations for Thermal Power Stations in Iceland
19.01.2017 | University of Gothenburg
Water - as the underlying driver of the Earth’s carbon cycle
17.01.2017 | Max-Planck-Institut für Biogeochemie
An important step towards a completely new experimental access to quantum physics has been made at University of Konstanz. The team of scientists headed by...
Yersiniae cause severe intestinal infections. Studies using Yersinia pseudotuberculosis as a model organism aim to elucidate the infection mechanisms of these...
Researchers from the University of Hamburg in Germany, in collaboration with colleagues from the University of Aarhus in Denmark, have synthesized a new superconducting material by growing a few layers of an antiferromagnetic transition-metal chalcogenide on a bismuth-based topological insulator, both being non-superconducting materials.
While superconductivity and magnetism are generally believed to be mutually exclusive, surprisingly, in this new material, superconducting correlations...
Laser-driving of semimetals allows creating novel quasiparticle states within condensed matter systems and switching between different states on ultrafast time scales
Studying properties of fundamental particles in condensed matter systems is a promising approach to quantum field theory. Quasiparticles offer the opportunity...
Among the general public, solar thermal energy is currently associated with dark blue, rectangular collectors on building roofs. Technologies are needed for aesthetically high quality architecture which offer the architect more room for manoeuvre when it comes to low- and plus-energy buildings. With the “ArKol” project, researchers at Fraunhofer ISE together with partners are currently developing two façade collectors for solar thermal energy generation, which permit a high degree of design flexibility: a strip collector for opaque façade sections and a solar thermal blind for transparent sections. The current state of the two developments will be presented at the BAU 2017 trade fair.
As part of the “ArKol – development of architecturally highly integrated façade collectors with heat pipes” project, Fraunhofer ISE together with its partners...
19.01.2017 | Event News
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20.01.2017 | Awards Funding
20.01.2017 | Materials Sciences
20.01.2017 | Life Sciences
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The President of India Pranab Mukherjee has conferred the Rajiv Gandhi Manav Seva Award on Kakamada Ganga Changappa for her outstanding contribution towards child welfare. The Award was presented to her recently in Delhi.
After her marriage, Ganga Changappa, who holds a Master’s degree in English, settled down in Munnar where her husband worked for Tata Tea. Looking for something worthwhile to do, she found her vocation – welfare of women and children among the Tata Tea estate workers, teaching them skills which they could turn to profit.
With the active support of Tata Tea, she became very involved in setting up a special school and rehabilitation centre in Munnar for children with disabilities – Dare School. She was its Principal for nine years and with her innovative ideas imparted specialised skills to her students in order to make them independent and earn a living.
Her dedicated work was well recognised and in 1999 she received the FICCI award.
When her husband retired as a director of Tata Tea, they settled in Kodagu. Even here, Ganga was determined to work for disabled youngsters. Tata Coffee, as part of their corporate social responsibility, set up a school on the lines of the Dare School, in Kodagu.
The school, Swastha, a special school for the differently-abled was set up in Sunticoppa in 2003. It is partly residential and offers free education. She has worked tirelessly for eleven years taking the school to great heights. Tailoring, screen printing, offset printing, book binding, paper bags and candle-making are a few of the skills being taught there.
Some of the youngsters from the school even got a chance to represent India at the international level in the Para-Olympics.
By P.T. Bopanna
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affiliated to the International Association of Constitutional Law
Editors’ note: This post is based upon a conference paper presented at the UKCLA conference ‘Debating the Constitution after the General Election’ held at the University of Manchester on 24 June 2015.
Parliamentary elections will be held in Catalonia on 25th September 2015, over a year earlier than the scheduled date. This decision was made by Artur Mas – leader of the very recently dissolved coalition Convergència i Unió (CiU) and President of the Generalitat de Catalunya – and announced on 14th January 2015. It was the fruit of lengthy discussions between Mas and Oriol Junquera, leader of another pro-independence political party: Esquerra Republicana per Catalunya (ERC), as well as representatives of bodies such as the Asamblea Nacional Catalana and the Asociación de Municipios por la Independencia. All of the players are well-known figures in the political, social and cultural life of Catalonia, and are numbered amongst those who have passionately embraced what has become known as the ‘right to decide’. It is important to note that this concept encompasses something distinct from the right to ‘self-determination’, as the unique Catalan context would not fit into the various categories of ‘self-determination’ recognised by Public International Law.
It should also be emphasised at the outset that, from a territorial point of view, Spain is a hybrid model (Estado autonómico), which is neither a centralist nor a Federal State. Nevertheless, the political tide has clearly carried it in the direction of the latter shore in the years since the enactment of the Spanish Constitution in 1978. According to Art 2 of the Constitution, Spain is a nation, which is composed of nacionalidades and regions. Catalonia comes within the first category, as it is undoubtedly a sophisticated and well-developed territorial entity.
In my previous blog of November 2014, I referred to the landmark events which led to the 9th November 2014 ‘participatory process’. I shall, once again, briefly make reference to some of these key steps, in order to set the scene properly, but the aim of this current piece is to concentrate on what has happened in Catalonia in the course of the last eight months.
Since 12th September 2012 (the National Day of Catalonia), the hypothetical independence of Catalonia has been a topical issue, being hotly contested not only in the rest of Spain, but also within Catalonia itself. The latter point tends to be overlooked in some quarters.
It is interesting to note that the last decade in Catalonia witnessed a 360 degree political shift in the position of CiU towards independence. This political coalition had been in charge of the regional Government for the greatest portion of the democratic period (holding power throughout, with the sole exception of one period when the Socialist Party was at the helm) and it was, traditionally, loyal as a coalition towards the central authorities. Indeed, it supported both the Conservative and the Socialist Parties in the central Government in Madrid during the 1990s. Yet surprisingly, over the last few years, despite being ideologically conservative, CiU became very close to ERC, a left-wing political party which always pursued independence, and which had previously been at odds with CiU in relation to the economy and social issues. Then, for a variety of reasons (e.g. the rejection by the Spanish Government of the Basque fiscal model for Catalonia; the declaration, by the Spanish Constitutional Court (STC 31/2010), of the unconstitutional nature of some articles of the 2006 Reformed Law of Catalonia, etc.), from 12th September 2012 CiU made the independence of Catalonia its main goal. However, this shift had far reaching repercussions, and the new emphasis on independence generated insurmountable tensions within both parties of the coalition. On 14th June 2015, Unió, the minority ally of Convergència, held an internal election in order to decide its overall position on the non-negotiable ‘right to decide’ model set out by Artur Mas. Albeit by a very small majority (just 50.9% of the votes), Unió decided to support the ‘third way’ proposed by its leader, Durán i LLeida, which favours remaining within Spain, but on a dramatically altered political and legal basis. Only three days later, on 17th June 2015, Unió announced that its three ministers would leave the Catalan Government, due to the differences with Convergència about the most appropriate way in which to pursue independence. This was no great surprise, as for a time the coalition between the two parties had become increasingly unstable, as disagreements smouldered. The situation was only exacerbated when, after the vote on 14th June, Convergència gave its partner an ultimatum to accept its approach, thereby pouring paraffin on the flames. Although Unió initially emphasized that the withdrawal of its three ministers did not amount to the dissolution of the coalition, in reality an unbridgeable chasm had opened up, and the coalition was dissolved only a few days later.
A referendum about the ‘political future of Catalonia’ had been included within the agreement of governance signed on 18th December 2012, by both CiU and ERC. Only a few months later, on 23rd January 2013, the Parliament of Catalonia adopted the ‘Declaration of Sovereignty of the Right to Decide of the Catalan People’, which stated that the people of Catalonia had – by reason of democratic legitimacy- the character of a sovereign political and legal entity. Only a few months later, on 8th May 2013, the Declaration was provisionally suspended by the Spanish Constitutional Court.
Despite this finding, given by the judicial authority entrusted with safeguarding the Constitution from which the Government of Catalonia derived its own powers, the Catalan Government decided to go ahead with the project in defiance of the Court’s ruling. In December 2013 it announced that an agreement had been reached by the majority of political parties represented in the Parliament of Barcelona, including a date (9th November 2014) and the wording for the referendum on independence. The questions would be as follows: “Do you want Catalonia to become a State?” and in the affirmative, “do you want this State to be independent?” This move by the Catalan authorities had not been endorsed by the central authorities.
Crucially, on 25th March 2014 the Spanish Constitutional Court (STC 42/2014), in response to an appeal put forward by the Abogado del Estado (Attorney General), on behalf of the Spanish Government against the January 2013 Declaration of the Catalan legislature, found that the principle of sovereignty, as articulated within the Declaration, was unconstitutional and therefore void. However, it also stated that the right to decide was compatible with the Constitution, provided that it was duly interpreted.
The legal team of the Catalan authorities challenged the analysis of the Spanish Constitutional Court and declared that the 2013 Declaration was political and it was within the remit of Art 145 of Reglamento of the Catalan Parliament. The Constitutional Court agreed with the Catalan legal team as far as the lack of legal force of the controversial Declaration was concerned, but stated that such lack of legal force by no means equated to a lack of civil effects.
The Constitutional Court, in the landmark decision which was the subject of my previous blog, emphasized that the concept of the ‘right to decide’ was not, intrinsically and inevitably, incompatible with the Spanish legal framework, but it could only be exercised in compliance with the mechanisms set out within the 1978 Constitution.
Only a few days later, on 8th April 2014, the Spanish Congress (the Lower House) rejected the Parliament of Catalonia’s request to give it the power to organise the ‘right to decide’ referendum.
Nevertheless, despite being confronted with the (general) rejection of legitimacy from both the Constitutional Court and the Spanish legislature, Artur Mas’ team continued with his plan, and the regional authorities approved a law and a decree in September 2014 in order to authorise a ‘popular consultation’. On 29th September, the Constitutional Court once again rejected this, and in response, the Government of Catalonia decided that there would no longer be a ‘right to decide’ consultation, but a ‘process of participation’, which would not be run by public authorities, but undertaken mainly by voluntary associations. This ‘process of participation’ finally took place, as firstly envisaged, on 9th November 2012, and the two questions, previously set out, were maintained.
As distinguished commentators such as Josep Maria Castellá Andreu, from the University of Barcelona, have highlighted, the questions themselves were far from clear. Asking citizens whether they would like Catalonia to be a State, without explaining what sort of State it could become (e.g. Federal or Centralist) was not very helpful. Furthermore, exactly how Catalonia could become a State within another State would have certainly required a more thorough analysis by the regional authorities.
The ‘process of participation’ went ahead, without intervention from the ordinary judiciary to halt the process. Although this could potentially be regarded as a sign of weakness, I am inclined to consider that the alternative would have been perceived as heavy handed and therefore ultimately counterproductive.
This position of positive condemnation from the Spanish Constitutional Court has been maintained in the months following the ‘process of participation’, and three decisions have been made, the first of which being particularly important: STC 31/2015, declares key parts of the September 2014 Law of Catalonia on Consultation unlawful. Furthermore, STC 32/2015 declares the role played the President of the Generalitat as unconstitutional, whilst a very recent decision of June 2015 declares the preparatory acts which led to the ‘process of participation’ as also being unconstitutional.
As stated earlier, the Catalan Government had announced in January 2015 that it was putting forward the elections of the Catalan nacionalidad by over a year, and they would be held on 25th September 2015. However, he emphasized that they would be regarded as elecciones plebiscitarias (a referendum). Strikingly, Mas declared that if the political parties which supported independence (CiU, ERC and CUP) obtained more seats in the Barcelona Parliament than those parties in favour of remaining in Spain (e.g. PP and Ciudadanos), this would be a clear endorsement of the support of the citizens for the independence of Catalonia.
This is, undoubtedly, beyond the powers of the Catalan authorities. It should be emphasized that according to Spanish Law, the power to hold this sort of referendum is not currently in the hands of the Catalonian nacionalidad (or any other nacionalidad or region), and those elections will exclusively pursue the renewal of the Catalan Parliament and Government, in compliance with the provisions of the Spanish Constitution and the 2006 Reformed Law of Catalonia.
Furthermore, this asserted ‘overwhelming support’ for independence is far from clear on the available evidence. In fact, the result of the local and regional elections, held on 25th May 2015, appears to have called into question the potential success of the President of the Generalitat’s plans. They were regarded as a true test of the real strength of pro-independence parties in Catalonia, particularly CiU. On several occasions during the electoral campaign, Mas had referred to the symbolic significance of keeping Barcelona under the control of those pursuing the nationalist agenda. In the event, this did not happen. Following a similar trend to that observed in the other major Spanish cities (including Madrid), a coalition between the local branch of Podemos (the emerging third party in the Spanish political arena) and other left-wing parties has prevented CiU from running the city of Barcelona. The situation was particularly striking in the Catalan capital, as Barcelona Comú, the local branch of Podemos, obtained one counsellor more than CiU. It is telling that the new mayoress, Ada Colau, rejected the possibility of bringing ERC within her local government, as ERC would only have been prepared to participate on condition that Barcelona Comú embraced the ‘right to decide’ journey.
Moreover, despite the constant references to Scotland during the political debate, all of which drastically underestimate the radical differences between the two contexts, the outstanding success of the SNP in the last UK general election has not had an impact on the Catalan scenario, and the ‘revival’ which the SNP experienced following the 2014 referendum has not been paralleled on Catalan soil, at least for the time being.
Furthermore, the most recent poll conducted on 5th July 2015 by La Vanguardia, a leading Catalan newspaper, shows that the support for independence in Catalonia is 4% lower than the support for remaining part of Spain. Other previous polls also seem to suggest that the support for independence in Catalonia is waning, but it is still early days and only last week, Artur Mas announced the establishment of a ‘pro-independence list’ which will bring together not only the two leading pro-independence political parties, Convergencia and ERC, but also, very importantly, members the civil society. The agreement between Convergencia and ERC has been extremely difficult to reach, but it has clearly been favoured by the departure of Unió, which will take part in the elections on its own. The impact of the establishment of this ‘pro-independence list’ on the result of the 25th September 2015 elections remains to be seen.
On another note, the limited action seen from the central executive to date is worrying, as the response from the centre has so far been driven, almost exclusively, by the Constitutional Court. This runs the risk of our judiciary becoming polarised on this issue, which would be a highly undesirable development for Spain. In our quasi-Federal State, the central executive must not languish in a passive position, but should of necessity do its upmost to proactively offer a political solution to what is in reality a political controversy.
Yet having made this point, to do justice to the Spanish Government, they did not initiate this process, and the consequences of illegal actions cannot be laid at their door. There can be no justification whatsoever for the actions of the Catalan Government and its consistent willingness in recent years to deliberately break the law and disregard judicial process. Regrettably, they must be criticised for having failed to pursue alternative, lawful, paths for change, aside from addressing the Lower House of the Spanish Parliament, as stated earlier. The likelihood of succeeding through legitimate means cannot be weighed in the balance by governmental authorities and respecting the Constitution cannot be seen as a choice. It is simply not acceptable for those entrusted to serve their fellow citizens to decide whether it is expedient to follow the Rule of Law. In life important things are often challenging and may require a considerable amount of time, but this is not a reason to try to take shortcuts and suspend the legal safeguards in place for the collective good. Regional authorities in a democratic State are bound to respect the same law as everybody else.
Undoubtedly, the position of Catalonia within the Spanish State could be modified through recognised democratic and legal processes. But in order for this to happen, the provisions of the Spanish Constitution of 1978, which commendably evidenced how long standing differences could be left behind, and which was also overwhelmingly approved by Catalan citizens, will have to be respected. It cannot be claimed that Catalonia is any way bound to forever remain within Spain, but it is difficult to understand or justify why the Catalan authorities chose not to follow the proper legal procedures to question the position of Catalonia in Spain. There are a variety of legitimate routes to achieve this reasonable goal, including the proposal of constitutional reform before the Lower House of the Spanish Parliament and an empowerment of Catalonia to hold a referendum, by means a reform of the Ley Orgánica 2/1980 on Referenda. A thorough analysis of all these constitutional instruments is certainly beyond the scope of this blog however.
In the meantime, it is a cause of serious concern that the leader of a nacionalidad with more than 8 millions of inhabitants has publicly stated that ‘if the 25th September referendum succeeds’ (and it should be stressed once again that in legal terms this will not be a referendum, but just an election of the Catalan nacionalidad), the new Parliament will approve, in its first meeting, the Unilateral Declaration of Independence.
In this demoralising scenario, where illegality is embraced for political ends and constitutional safeguards are tossed aside, the path followed by Convergència sadly provides no guidance or useful lessons for the fascinating discussions currently taking place on the UK territorial model.
However, if the future sees a change of direction, and Convergència resumes its role as the serious and law-abiding political player which for many years contributed positively towards the life of the nation, I have no doubt that valuable insights could be sought and applied to the UK context. It is unfortunate that in the current turmoil and confusion, we tend to forget all too easily that the Spanish territorial model has been a source of inspiration for scholars and citizens alike. It has in fact worked relatively well throughout the decades of the democratic era, thanks to its careful design and sophisticated nature. It is to be hoped that events in Spain will unfold in a way which once again allows its strength and creative character to shine through the fog of political debate.
Dr Javier García Oliva is a Senior Lecturer at the School of Law, Manchester University.
(Suggested citation: J. Oliva, ‘Catalonia in Spain: The Significance of the 25th September 2015 Elections’ (24th Jul 2015) (available at http://ukconstitutionallaw.org))
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<urn:uuid:319d22bc-8d13-4d62-ab5f-26ad10a90a7e>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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https://ukconstitutionallaw.org/2015/07/24/javier-garcia-oliva-catalonia-in-spain-the-significance-of-the-25th-september-2015-elections/
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While it uses many libraries to parse HTML and CSS, draw text or export PDF, it is not based on an existing rendering engine such as WebKit or Gecko. The layout logic is written in Python, is much simpler and thus easier to hack on. In particular, creating WeasyPrint was probably easier than fixing page breaks in Webkit.
This 0.1 release has support for basic CSS2.1 without tables, floats or absolute positioning. However it can already be useful for documents with a “simple” layout.
Grab it, use it, hack it:
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<urn:uuid:6f8caf61-3e73-4655-82b0-7e92baa8d976>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://exyr.org/2011/weasyprint/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00088-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
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During some of my high school and college years, I worked in a flower shop. Those years gave me a whole new way of looking at Valentine’s Day, or in shop lingo, “V. Day.”
V. Day meant at least twelve-hour shifts at minimum wage (at that time, $4.25/hour), tired feet, swollen fingers that were cut by thorns. Valentine’s Day meant standing at the counter creating one arrangement after the other of one dozen long-stem red roses in a vase.
Later on, after I left the flower shop, Valentine’s Day again became a day I could look forward to. (Though from the beginning of our relationship, I asked my husband never to buy me red roses for Valentine’s Day).
Valentine’s Day is the day of love. But, where do we learn about love? From our parents? The movies? Books? Our friends? Probably a mix of all of those.
But also from music. My husband and I don’t have one song that we consider “ours.” We have multiple songs that each have a special meaning for us.
A few years ago, one of my personal essays, “A Blue-Jeans Type of Marriage,” was included in a special anthology. (The title for my essay was inspired by Neil Diamond’s “Forever in Blue Jeans.”) Everything I Need to Know About Love I Learned From Pop Songs, edited by Laura Roberts, includes a variety of stories that, as said in the book’s introduction, are “all about love. Love hard won, love lost, love unrequited, love that lasts, and love that’s just a fading dream.”
And now readers, it’s your turn. Feel free to share any favorite love songs in the comments section.
Wishing you all a Valentine’s Day filled with sweetness, feel-good tunes, and smiles!
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<urn:uuid:590072a1-d5e7-42b9-ac70-105f90ee644f>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://wendykennar.com/tag/valentines-day/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00066.warc.gz
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en
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I'm a pack rat. It is so hard for me to get rid of things, and when I try to, I just feel overwhelmed and don't know what to do first. Any ideas about how I might be able to manage this?
This is an excellent question. It is not uncommon for people to want to hang on to things, and more people struggle with this problem than you might realize. You have hit on an important point in your question, though. Rather than asking "Why do I do this?" you're asking "How do I change this?" Taking action is the key.
Often we see things piling up around the house, and it becomes overwhelming. In fact, if we really think about it, we can't remember why we felt it was important to keep these things in the first place. That's why I suggest taking this first step: Start with something that's easy to manage. For example, people often hang on to old magazines that they never got around to reading. You might think you are going to read them "when you have time." If the next issue (or more) has come and gone, the old issues are just that — old. And so is the news contained in them. Tell yourself this.
The next step is to throw out just one thing today. You don't have to tackle the whole pile at once. You may debate with yourself about why you should hang on to that one thing. If so, stop and ask yourself, "How important to my life is this?" and "What are the real consequences of throwing it away?" If there is truly a good reason to keep it, choose to throw away something else. Going back to the magazine example, you'd be hard-pressed to come up with a good reason to keep last month's news. A good rule of thumb is to allow yourself only two "vetoes." When you have used these up, you must discard something. Once you have successfully done that, pat yourself on the back and set the goal of doing it one more time the same week. The next week, try doing it three times, and so on. Your sense of accomplishment and control may well lead to a major cleanup. Even if it doesn't, you will still be making gradual progress.
Keep in mind that more severe versions of "pack-ratting" may be a sign of a serious medical condition known as obsessive-compulsive disorder, or OCD, a form of anxiety disorder. If you are unable to complete the steps outlined above, talk to your doctor or mental health provider for additional help.
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<urn:uuid:3d1dd4af-6956-4c0d-8383-69d310c4f7aa>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://www.everydayhealth.com/specialists/behavioralhealth/binks/qa/being-a-pack-rat/index.aspx
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00307-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
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Well, that is the received wisdom. It may be said our appetites are some low part of our nature and should therefore be restrained on behalf of some higher goal: the 'Man does not live by bread alone' precept. I have noted with consternation the arrival of the 'new virginity' movement, directed at an appetite on which, as fully as our appetite for food, our survival depends.
Of all our fundamental appetites, only thirst suffers no repression: save for alcohol. Much of the sublimation of appetite to which we are summoned has, of course, a moral basis. We cannot eat without consuming something other than ourselves; therefore our appetite for food is harmful in that it is at the expense of something else. As we do not feed on the inorganic, what we eat is a 'living' substance, and who knows the pain that we might cause a leaf of lettuce, or a pig?
The idea that we are morally responsible for appetite, which has a physiological basis and would seem to be part of our natures rather than an acquired trait, is a curious one. None the less, if our 'higher' goal is emaciation, we must not eat, and since eating is natural to us, we must suppress that appetite by other means: discipline, ethical sense, or the use of other substances. While the idea of fasting is an old one - the odd 40 days in the desert did one's salvation a power of good - the purpose for which we are enjoined to sit on our appetites today is a little less high-minded.
It would seem that as we pay more attention to the animals on which we prey for food, and to nature, which provides much of what we eat, we are seeking to distance ourselves from the 'animal' and the 'natural' within us. My cat knows no such bounds. He acquires - by instinct or appetite - a variety of things purely as an expression of his appetite. He knows little difference at his young age between a worn slipper and a tempting moth. But we would not eat a slipper pie; moths are not on our menu; we control our appetite by choosing what we wish to eat.
This does not mean our appetite is not a curious thing and infinitely various. To me, the hours between eight and 10 in the evening are a sacred rite. I dispense entirely with communication with the outside world. When the telephone rings I growl ferociously on behalf of that appetite, which is not only for food but also for all its associated pleasures: company, conversation, wine, the prospect of sleep. My wife, however, exists happily as a rabbit: nibbling a stick of celery, crunching on nuts.
This, I hear, is healthy. We should eat when we need to, when we feel the appetite, and not in great set-tos. Perhaps it is the (fast disappearing) 'event' of a meal that is morally reprehensible and physiologically harmful? Nonsense. A household of occasional or periodical herbivores is no fit model for society. We would never meet, save criss-crossing at odd hours in search of sustenance. Our appetites are a part of us and highly individual; all humans have these appetites and must learn to cope with them; they are a shared part of our humanity. The culture of denial is also the cult of the self. You have but to note the self-satisfaction and narcissistic pleasure in those who have un-appetited themselves to know this.
I hope this is a passing fad. Unbridled appetites are an unhappy sight; so are bridled. Desire is not in itself bad, and when it is innate is seldom evil. Appetite is not only the basis of human survival, but also one of the chief ways in which we have civilised ourselves. The only animals who do not obey their appetites and do not eat are those who know they are about to die. They do not do it for reasons of fashion.Reuse content
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<urn:uuid:1a9d0376-b262-48fe-bbd3-9549ea043163>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/food-and-drink/appetite-has-become-a-fashion-victim-1504031.html
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en
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What are early signs of labor to watch for?
My water broke. That was the first sign for me. I was at my parents’ house that night. I was 37 weeks, and had a big baby. No cramping until 9 a.m. the next morning, just general «heaviness» and discomfort...which is hard to distinguish. I went to the hospital at 9 and he was born at 10.35a.m.
I know a lot of moms don't have any warning signs at all, I didn't with my son. But I also want to encourage moms to go with their gut if they feel something is wrong. To be aware that REAL contractions might not hurt any more than period at first.
If you are a first-time mother, these early signs of labor may occur weeks before delivery, while subsequent pregnancies might result in these occurring closer to delivery.
Some signs to watch for:
1. A labor draws near; your baby's head will begin to descend lower into your pelvis. The dropping of your baby can happen anywhere from two to four weeks before you baby is actually born. When you experience this early symptom of labor, you can be assured that the process of having a baby is beginning. Your pregnancy will soon be coming to an end, and the early signs of labor you've been experiencing are true.
2. After your baby drops, in which your baby's head is settled into your pelvis, you may begin to experience some minor discomfort. This pain is considered pelvic pressure, and you may begin to pass water and bowel movements more frequently. It's one of the obvious early signs of labor
3. Don't be surprised if you notice an increase in vaginal secretions. As the softening of your cervix occurs, white, and sometimes pink discharge may be seen. This is one of the more uncomfortable early signs of labor
4. An unpleasant early sign and symptom of labor is diarrhea. A release of the body chemical prostaglandins might occur in the process of early labor. This trigger can result in episodes of loose bowel movements
5. Also known as your «water breaking», the rupture of membranes occurs when the amniotic sac breaks. This is one of the most common early signs of labor. If you water does indeed break, you can almost assume you will go into labor within 24 hours of that happening
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<urn:uuid:3ad09f59-ce1a-4b4d-899d-b0781781d4b9>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
https://moms.com/post/602/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00344-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.969829
| 490
| 2.03125
| 2
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procmeter3|procmeter3-xaw [-w <hint1>[,<hint2>]] [-h|--help] [--rc=<filename>] [--...] [...] [X windows options]
ProcMeter Displays one or more pieces of information about the operating system and other resources. Most of the information that is displayed comes from the /proc filesystem. The program is modular and very configurable.
The command line options are described below.
- Provides a help message listing the available outputs. This will be different for different computers depending on the Linux kernel version that is being used and the hardware/software that is configured.
Gives Extended Window Manager hints (EWMH) to change the way that the Window
Manager treats the ProcMeter3 window. Implemented hints are: above, below,
skip_pager, skip_taskbar, sticky.
You can give more than one hint separated by commas (e. g. -w above,skip_taskbar,sticky), or use -w multiple times (e. g. -w above -w sticky).
- Load the specified .procmeterrc file in stead of the searching in the usual places.
A list of configuration file options that will override the values in the
file. The format of these options is (for example)
which is equivalent to the entry in the .procmeterrc file of
background = grey50
All spaces around the equal sign must be removed and if spaces are required in the value on the right hand side then quotes must be used around the entire command line option.
- A list of names of outputs that are to be displayed. This can include any of the outputs that are available (see the -h option). For the CPU usage is in a module named Statistics with an output named CPU and there are graph (-g), text (-t) and bar (-b) options. To display the CPU usage graph you would use the command line option Statistics.CPU-g
- X windows options
The standard set of X Windows program options, see X(1) for information. These
to set the size of the window,
to set the display and other general X window options.
When started the program will display all of the requested information in a set of output panels (vertically aligned by default). Each output can be either a graph, text or bar, and can have a label indicating what it represents. The outputs that are displayed are those from the command line and those from the .procmeterrc configuration file.
The left mouse button will produce a menu of options that are specific to the output that is selected. The Properties option on this menu will give more detailed information about the origin and meaning of the information that is displayed. When the properties information window is displayed, clicking on another output will change the displayed information. The Move to Above and Move to Below options allow the output to be moved around in the window. Selecting one of these options will change the mouse cursor to a hand, use this to select another output. The output that was selected first will be moved to above or below the output that was selected second. The Run option on the menu (which may not be available on all outputs) will run the specified command. This may be to display a list of running processes, show the amount of free memory or disk space for example. This menu option is configurable in the .procmeterrc file.
The right mouse button will produce a set of menus that list the modules that are available and for each of them the available set of outputs. There are three types of output, text and two graphical outputs, these are indicated in the sub-menus by icons. Selecting one of the outputs from a sub-menu will cause that output to be displayed if it is not already visible. If it is currently displayed then it will be disabled. Those that are currently displayed are indicated by a marker to the left in the sub-menu. When the output is added to the window it will be placed at the bottom, use the left mouse button to move it if required.
The middle mouse button will display the sub-menu that is associated with the module for the output that is selected. This is one of sub-menus that are found with the right mouse button.
The modules that are available for procmeter3 and procmeter3-xaw are described in the procmeter3_modules(1) manual page.
As with all X Window programs X resources can be used. For this version of ProcMeter (compared to previous versions) this is not the default method of configuring the program. The file $HOME/.procmeterrc contains the configuration information.
Andrew M. Bishop 1998-2008
|
<urn:uuid:17251b05-19eb-4a84-8945-d2e6cd7e02b4>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://manpages.org/procmeter3
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00671.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.825899
| 1,090
| 2.15625
| 2
|
White is such a room colour which makes your room look clean and big. It is the only wall paint colour in the palette which can bring life to a boring decades old traditional home. While choosing white paint and to create its wow effect, you need to be little careful with wooden work, metallic trims, window frames, décor, floor, and furnishings. So, here are few tips how can you play with white and create a beautiful abode for you:
1. Use white as a Canvas
Use white as a canvas and let your creativity come out to fore. Design what you want and how you want your walls look. Give it an inspirational look by having an amazing natural view of tree, mountains, ocean or city. Instead of engulfing all walls in colours, use white paint as a backdrop for your stunning vistas and let it communicate what you want to hear.
2. White makes “blemishes” go away
White can mask the mess and ugly sight be it any little architectural imperfection, overhead drywall with too many blemishes, or open and exposed mechanical ducts. That’s why traditionally the gorgeous white was used to embossing and illuminating crown molding and craftsman’s details.
3. White with metals is an ageless combination
Metals reflect gorgeous with white room colour if you are pairing white with brass lightning fixtures or stainless-steel appliances. Pairing white with classic metal colour like stainless steel, copper, brass, and gold, it creates warm and welcoming effect.
4. Create a centerstage for art and craft in white backdrop
White paint allows you to showcase your own style and personality in interiors, furnishings, and décor without having to compete with the wall paint colour. If you are an artwork lover and sculpture pieces admirer, give attention to your love and inspiration with displaying them over your all-white bed or all-white fireplace mantle or on an all-white room colour wall. Doing so will grab all eyeballs without you being try for it.
5. Be confident with white upholstery
Don’t drop the idea of white garniture just because you think that white shows dirt quickly and it is harder to keep it clean. This is true, but that can be compensated if you choose room type and fabric in matching preferences. In busy living and family rooms with pets and kids, go for khaki and denim slipcovers or use faux leather, faux suedes, or any suitable fabric for your normally busy room.
6. White sets well in traditional as well as modern kitchen
White wall paint colour makes your kitchen look clean and classic. White is having a wide range of shades from off-white to pearl white and ultra-creamy which pairs amazing with wooden cabinets, waterfall edge marble countertops and counters. To elevate look and create a synchronous effect, keep all kitchen appliances in white only.
So, transform your home by using blessed white all over and experience comfort so closer to you, you never thought of.
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<urn:uuid:1c7fde80-492b-43ec-95d9-96400ea505b8>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.dulux.com.my/en/colour-inspiration/how-to-create-a-beautiful-abode-with-blessed-white
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.924124
| 624
| 1.507813
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A Solar Choice broker will help you, at no charge, decide what size solar energy installation best suits your needs and budget. In the meantime, we hope the following article will assist you in making the right decision.
(This article was originally published in 2009 – we updated in January 2016 to reflect the new realities of Australia’s solar market landscape.)
How to calculate the size of solar system for your home
1. Look at your energy bill
The best place to start is by taking a look at your most recent energy bills. Most energy companies have a graph on the back of your bill which sets out your average daily energy consumption. An energy efficient Australian three bedroom home, with an average sized family and reasonable use of air conditioning, will usually have an average daily consumption of around 12 kilowatt-hours (kWh) to 16kWh.
Depending on where you are in Australia and how much daylight you receive on average per day, a 1kW solar power system will usually produce around 4kWh to 5kWh of energy per day. PVWatts is a great tool that you can use to estimate how much solar energy you can expect to produce if you go solar; the tool lets you adjust for variables like your system size and location.
2. Estimate how much electricity you use during daylight hours
But remember that unless you have battery storage, your solar panels will only meet your electricity needs during the daytime hours. Unless you have access to a generous solar feed-in tariff (which most new solar homes do not), your solar energy is worth the most to you when you use it directly. The electricity from your solar panels will flow first into any appliances in use within your home at the time, saving you money by reducing the amount of electricity you need to purchase from your electricity retailer (usually at a rate of 20-30c/kWh). Any surplus solar will go into the grid, to net you only 6-10c/kWh. This means that you want a solar system that generates enough electricity to meet your daytime electricity usage.
This can most easily be done by estimating what percentage of your total electricity consumption happens when the sun is shining. For example, if you use 20kWh of electricity per day on average, but only about 1/3 of that during the day, then you’ll want a solar PV system that generates about 7kWh per day. (Remember, these are rough estimates – consult with an accredited solar installer to work out more precise estimate based on your circumstances.)
Interested in exploring how much you can save with solar? Check out our Solar Power System ROI Calculator!
3. Choose a solar system size that will generate enough electricity to meet daytime demand
So with an average daily household electricity demand of 20kWh with about 33% of that occurring during daylight hours, a 2kW solar system would probably be the best solar system size – it would generate just enough solar energy to offset a chunk of your daytime energy usage without ‘wasting’ too much solar by exporting it into the grid (a ‘self-consumption’ rate of about 60%).
The ‘double hump’ electricity usage pattern, common in homes with school-age children. The times of highest electricity consumption happen outside of peak solar production times – the trough in the middle of the graph. Red bars represent ‘wasted’ solar going into the grid.
A 3kW solar energy installation, on the other hand, would probably be slightly too large for your home if it’s not occupied during the day, exporting nearly 50% of the energy produced on average. However, if you are home during the day (retired or have a home office, for example), it would make a good fit, with only 30% of the solar energy going back to the grid on average.
The ‘day focus’ electricity usage pattern, common in homes occupied by retirees or those who work from home. With the appropriately-sized solar system, such homes can easily use a significant portion of the solar energy produced, sending only a small amount into the grid.
Learn more about solar system sizing:
- How to get the most out of your solar system (Part 1): System size selection
- How to get the most out of your solar system (Part 2): Electricity consumption patterns
Want to explore what solar system size would be best for your home? Check out our Solar PV System Sizing Estimator!
4. Consider whether battery storage is a worthwhile option for you
Not all solar PV systems come with battery storage systems, which may actually be sold separately or fitted onto existing solar systems retroactively. If you’re interested in battery storage for your solar system, there are a number of things you should consider before making a decision. What are your goals in installing batteries, for example – do you want to go ‘off the grid’, or just want to save a bit of your solar energy for nighttime usage? We break down your options in our article, “How much battery storage capacity do you need?”
Want to explore battery size options & payback periods? Check out our Battery Storage Sizing & Payback Estimator!
Get free and instant quotes from installers in your area
We hope the above points are helpful to you. Take 30 seconds to complete our Solar Quote Comparison Request form, or feel free to give your Solar Choice broker a call on 1300 78 72 73 to further discuss what size installation best suits your budget and energy needs. Our service is 100% free to our residential customers. (We can also help you compare battery storage system quotes.)
© 2016 Solar Choice Pty Ltd
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Dye your Easter eggs using natural colors found in fruits, vegetables, and spices! This is a fun activity for kids and can double as a STEM experiment!
Keyword how to dye eggs naturally, natural egg dye, naturally dyed easter eggs
Prep Time 1hour
Cook Time 5minutes
Additional Time 8hours
Total Time 9hours5minutes
Servings 12or more eggs
Author Andrea Updyke
Jars or deep bowls
Fruits/Veggies of choice:
Red cabbagefor blue
Blueberriesfor dark blue
Spinach or parsleyfor yellow/green
Onion or Paprikafor orange
Brewed coffeefor brown
Beetsfor red or pink
Grape juicefor lavender
To prepare the dye for everything but the coffee, place 2 cups water, 1 tablespoon vinegar, and the selected vegetable, cut if needed, into a medium saucepan. (for spices, add 2-4 TBSP to boiling water)
Bring to boil over medium-high heat. Reduce heat and simmer for 20 minutes.
Remove from heat. Allow to cool for 10 minutes. Pour the dye through a fine mesh strainer.
To dye eggs, place two boiled eggs in a jar. Pour the dye over the eggs until completely covered. Cover the jars and refrigerate overnight.
Carefully remove the eggs from the dye and transfer to a wire cooling rack. Allow to dry completely before touching to avoid disturbing the dye.
To dye eggs brown, place two boiled eggs in a jar. Pour the coffee over the eggs until completely covered. Cover the jars and refrigerate overnight.
To make this a STEM activity:
Allow children to guess the colors the eggs will be after dying with the different vegetables.
Expand the activity by purchasing different fruits and vegetables to see which colors can be created!
How to Dye Eggs Naturally https://justisafourletterword.com/natural-egg-dye/ March 9, 2021
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Publisher: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform (July 12, 2014)
Format: PDF / Kindle / ePub
Size: 5 MB
Downloadable formats: PDF
This e-book comprise 504 puzzles named futoshiki with ideas. it is a a part of "9 measurement sequence" books. each one futoshiki is 9x9 measurement.
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Tetra Pak, the world leader in food processing and packaging solutions, has expanded its use of ANSYS® (NASDAQ:ANSS) products. The Swedish company is applying Simulation Driven Product Development™ using ANSYS software, which enables system analysis and leverages single-component modeling as an integrated part of the process.
Technology from ANSYS enables customers to optimize designs throughout the product development process, especially in the early stages when changes can be efficiently and cost-effectively implemented.
Using a system approach allows Tetra Pak to study product behavior from a multiphysics viewpoint, enabling complex simulations of physical interactions such as fluid flow, temperature, velocity and evaporation. The company instituted the change in an effort to drive design concepts based on upfront performance predictions rather than late-stage test-and-change cycles, thus speeding up design time and time to market.
“This is allowing us to simulate entire filling machine processes even before prototyping. It has helped speed up development time significantly, in some cases saving us years of development effort,” said Laurence Mott, vice president, Packaging Technology, Tetra Pak.
Mott explained that Tetra Pak´s aim is to perform virtual prototyping at the concept phase, well before any physical testing is done. “We found that ANSYS provided the cutting-edge solutions that enable us to perform complex simulations in a user-friendly format,” said Mott, noting that “ANSYS is a committed, long-term partner that has taken an active part in helping us to develop the working methods of simulation driven product development.”
“Throughout the manufacturing industry in general, a number of trends are evident: rapid prototyping, improved and automated techniques and easy-to-use software for design of experiments, all of which bring higher accuracy and increased speed. Within the food packaging segment, Tetra Pak is pioneering and customizing the use of this leading-edge technology. By making analysis speed a crucial element in design and development, Tetra Pak has seized the opportunity to lead with its innovative solutions,” said Josh Fredberg, vice president of marketing at ANSYS.
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Acerca del libro
In the early 1990's I spent time in the Lower East Side documenting what I saw as the last gasp of a dying culture. That culture has since migrated to upstate New York, areas of New Jersey, and Brooklyn. The geographic location in Manhattan has been absorbed by other ethnic groups and by real estate developers. Time marches on, but the history of this community gave rise to so many important people in American culture that it should not be forgotten.
Gene Lowinger became the first fiddler from the North to work on Nashville's Grand Ole Opry with Bill Monroe, the Father of Blue Grass music, as a Blue Grass Boy in the 1960's. He subsequently studied classical violin with the World famous pedagogue Raphael Bronstein, and worked as a freelance musician in the New York music industry. Later in life he pursued his love of photography as a freelance photojournalist. In 1992 he received a grant to travel to Russia to document post-Soviet Moscow. He has had published several books about music, and most recently the University of Illinois Press published his reminiscences and photographs of his first mentor, Bill Monroe, entitled 'I Hear A Voice Calling'.
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Last week I had a discussion with Professor Azzi about the classic piece, “Market contestability in the presence of sunk (entry) costs,” where Vernon Smith and his colleagues examine the dynamics of market structure. They find that even with the same initial conditions, an industry sometimes winds up competitive and sometimes winds up characterized by market power, a finding that we may well flesh out in IO this fall.
With that in mind, I was pleased to see a link to a ReasonTV.com video interview with Smith making the rounds on the econ blogosphere. In the interview Smith — the pioneer of “experimental” economics — talks about how asset bubbles show up in the lab whether you want them to or not, and his assessment of the government’s bailout of many homeowners:
Forgiving debt is not a good idea, but you have to realize that we don’t face any good options. If it hadn’t been done, the banking system would likely have collapsed.
Aside from that note, Smith also touches upon the marginal revolution, The Theory of Moral Sentiments, and growing up through the Great Depression. An interesting half hour all around.
I recall seeing him speak about the troubled state of electricity regulation a few years back, where he said something to the effect of: “the regulators’ solution is to set average revenues equal to average costs, and it’s this sort of average thinking that got us into this mess.”
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Source: Socialist Unity Centre of India (SUCI) (used with kind permission)
First published : November, 1964
HTML Markup : Salil Sen for marxists.org September, 2007
Public Domain : Marxists Internet Archive (2007). You may freely copy, distribute, display and perform this work; as well as make derivative and commercial works. Please credit “Marxists Internet Archive” as your source.
In the background of the Tonkin crisis in 1964, this article exposed the capitulationist policy of the revisionist Soviet leadership under Khrushchev vis-a-vis the policy of piracy pursued by the US imperialists who took full advantage of the thermonuclear war phobia of the revisionists.
On the order of President Johnson of America, the US naval forces, on the 4th August last, sank two torpedo boats which belonged to the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. On the next day, many jet planes taking off from the US Seventh Fleet, violated the air space of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, strafed and bombed a number of places in Vinh-Ben Thuy area in the Gianh river mouth and close to Hong Gai town, causing huge destruction of its shore installations and loss of lives there. Of course, there is nothing new in the violation of the air space and bombing of the territories of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam by the USA. In the past, too, the US aggressors had done it. A few days before the aggression of 4th August, the US imperialists had strafed and bombed Nam Can and Noong De, two areas in the territory of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam bordering Laos. Besides, the USA had despatched warships which illegally intruded into the territorial waters and strafed Hon Ngu and Hon Me Islands and other places in the coastal areas of North Vietnam. But the latest acts of aggression in August last by the USA, have no parallel. By these acts the USA violated all canons of international law and civilization and endangered the sovereignty and independence of the weaker nations, peace in Asia in particular and world peace in general. It is for this reason that the anti-imperialist and peace-loving forces and individuals all over the world cannot but raise their voice of protest against American imperialism and unite to oust it from the South-East Asian countries. We, on behalf of the Indian people, strongly condemn the US aggression on the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and support the just stand taken by the latter in this regard.
The US aggressors, with a posture of injured innocence, have made the plea that while some of the ships of the US naval units in the Pacific were patrolling the international waters of the Gulf of Tonkin some North Vietnamese patrol boats attacked them; as a retaliatory measure the US warships were ordered by President Johnson "to attack and destroy any forces that attack them" and the jet planes belonging to the US Seventh Fleet strafed and bombed the coastal areas of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam.
How far believable is this story ? Anyone having a modicum of grey matter in his head finds this cooked up story extremely difficult to swallow. For, even a child understands that to try to destroy a part of the US Seventh Fleet, perhaps the most powerful imperialist fleet in the world, with the help of a few small patrol boats is the height of madness and idiocy. Do not the rulers of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam who have established their political sagacity, matured power of cool judgement even in the face of the gravest imperialist provocation, and revolutionary realism before the world, understand what even a child understands ? Why then should they indulge in the adventurist act of attacking the US warships with a few tiny patrol boats ? The story of attack on the US warships by the North Vietnamese patrol boats in the Gulf of Tonkin, as made out by the Pentagon, is a cock and bull story unworthy of credence.
The world public also have taken the US story with a grain of salt. Prince Sihanouk, Head of the Cambodian State, rejected the US story as a blatant lie. A large section of the Western press, not excluding the American press, reacted in a similar manner. The reaction of the 92-year old British philosopher, Bertrand Russell, is indicative of the general feeling about the US stand on the Vietnamese question. Lord Russell is no advocate of communism. On the contrary, he considers himself an arch enemy of the communist ideas and the international communist movement. All through his life, he has used his powerful pen, as fiercely and ably as he could against communism. Even such an anti-communist personality could not help condemning the USA for its aggressive policy in Vietnam. In a letter published in The Times, he wrote: "The National Liberation Front has a non-communist majority and a programme of neutrality. The United States maintains the only foreign troops in Vietnam, refuses elections provided by the Geneva Agreements, has placed nearly eight million people in barbed wire camps with machine-gun turrets and patrolled by dogs, conducted 50,000 air attacks on the villages in 1962 alone, razed the country with chemicals and napalm, killed 1,60,000, maimed 7,00,000 and imprisoned 3,50,000. The South Vietnamese Government and army are American puppets financed by 15,00,000 dollars daily. When the United States ceases its war of atrocity against a popular national movement and accepts the neutrality agreed 10 years ago, the war will end. The United States should be condemned as an aggressor by the United Nations for its atrocity-ridden war of annihilation in Vietnam." The aggression by the USA on North Vietnam in August last, is a continuation of its atrocity-ridden war of annihilation in South Vietnam.
Anyone, who has not bartered away his conscience and intelligence to the dollar-god, will subscribe to the above view of Russell. But a section of the Indian press and the right-wing social democrats, represented by J. B. Kripalani and his fellow-travellers, have accepted as gospel truth the US version of the case. In tune with the American war-lords, they are crying themselves hoarse on the so-called necessity of "unitedly fighting international communism" and "creating buffer States under US leadership in South-East Asia as a measure against the advance of communism in this part of the world". This is an open support to the US imperialists in their attempts to crush the national liberation movements by the peoples of the South-East Asian countries for complete national independence and to establish American domination there for perpetuating neo-colonialist exploitation. It is characteristic of the right-wing social democrats in the present international situation. The Indian Government's stand on this question is also no less pro-American. Continued dependence on American economic and military 'aid' has been gradually pushing India out of the Asian anti-imperialist camp and drawing it nearer to the USA and its puppet governments in Asia. Neither Burma nor Indonesia, nor even Cambodia, the one time closest friends of India and all of whom are still playing anti-imperialist roles in international politics, are India's best friends now. Tunku Abdul Rahaman of Malaysia, a protege of imperialism, is now India's only friend in South-East Asia. The result of this increasingly pro-American attitude has been that India has ceased to condemn even in words the acts of aggression and intrigues by imperialist powers in South-East Asia, and in this particular case it has aligned itself with the US line by accepting as true the US story of North Vietnamese attack on the US warships first. This is, no doubt, an open betrayal of the anti-imperialist aspiration of the toiling millions of our country.
Apart from the fact that the US plea of North Vietnamese attack on the US warships in the Gulf of Tonkin is a tissue of blatant lies, there is no justification for what the USA has been doing in South-East Asia since the end of the Second World War and has done in this particular case. Even if it is assumed for the sake of argument that the US warships were outside the territorial waters of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, the question arises: why do the US warships appear in the Gulf of Tonkin and patrol the shores of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, thousands of miles off the American shores ? The Gulf of Tonkin washes the shores of only the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and the People's Republic of China, cutting deep into the territories of these two countries. What business has the USA got to send its warships to the Gulf ? How would the USA feel and react if the naval and air force units of a powerful foreign country, say the USSR, appear in the Gulf of Mexico and keep on patrolling the American shores ? Would not the USA take it as a provocation and hostile act towards it, threatening its security ? Is it wrong then if North Vietnam and China react in a like manner to the appearance of and patrolling by the US warships in the Gulf of Tonkin ? Indeed, the absolutely unjustified presence of the US warships in the Gulf of Tonkin and the patrolling of the shores of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and the People's Republic of China by them cannot be considered in itself otherwise than an openly hostile act by the USA towards these two countries, threatening their very security. It is, therefore, the USA that is guilty of provocation to and hostile acts against the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and not the other way round.
In their attempts to mislead the peace-loving people of different countries, the US imperialists are loudly proclaiming their faith in peace. But do facts confirm it ? Has the Democratic Republic of Vietnam or China or any other socialist country ever sent any of its naval or air force units to the American shores or surrounded America with military bases or threatened America with attack or violated the American air space or strafed and bombed the American territories ? No socialist country is guilty of any of these offences. It is the USA, on the contrary, that is guilty of all of these offences. Its warships have intruded into the territorial waters of North Vietnam; its planes have violated the air space of China, North Vietnam and other socialist countries, including the Soviet Union and strafed and bombed the territories of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam; its warships patrol the shores of not only North Vietnam and China but also the newly independent countries in Asia and Africa; it has sunk two patrol boats belonging to North Vietnam; it has formed aggressive military blocs like the SEATO, CENTO, NATO, etc., as means to conduct military adventure, subversion and imperialist intrigues in Asia, Africa and Europe; it has built innumerable military bases encircling the socialist camp to use them as spring-board of aggression; it has been threatening Cuba since its independence, it is now threatening North Vietnam with a massive attack, so on and so forth. Are all these the signs of peaceful policy or do they indicate a policy of brinkmanship, cold war, provocation, military adventurism and aggression ? It attacked the Democratic Republic of Vietnam without being at all provoked, carried through its premeditated plan, ravaged the coastal area of that country and, after doing all that it wanted to, went to the UNO with an air of injured innocence and a fabricated charge against the Democratic Republic of Vietnam of attack on its warships.
The US move, from the beginning to the end, shows that the whole thing was pre-planned. Quoting The Guardian, a mouthpiece of British imperialism, the Amrita Bazar Patrika, a pro-US daily of Calcutta, wrote : "American air attacks on North Vietnam and the great movement, now proceeding, of military power into South-East Asia had long been planned and required only a suitable occasion". The fact that the US attack on North Vietnam in August last was planned much earlier exposes the mendacious character of the US plea that the act was a retaliatory measure against North Vietnamese attack on US warships in the Gulf of Tonkin.
There is no denying that the USA, by attacking the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, a socialist country, took a calculated risk. The risk was that the socialist camp might have taken concrete military steps to effectively resist the wanton US attack on a socialist country, which would have foiled the whole game of the US imperialists and put the USA in a straitjacket. But the calculation of the USA on the possible Soviet move was that the Soviet Union and, for that matter, the socialist camp would not come forward to effectively retaliate for the US aggression on the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, a calculation which was mainly based on its recent experience of the Soviet stand at the time of the Cuban crisis. Subsequent facts proved that the US calculation on the possible Soviet move was correct. The calculation might also have proved incorrect had the CPSU leadership not been caught by nuclear blackmailing of the USA. So, the USA undoubtedly took a great risk in attacking a socialist country. But the point is : why did the USA take the risk ? In other words, what was the purpose of the USA behind this attack ?
We all know that the Presidential election in the USA is near at hand and Goldwater, the Republican Party candidate for Presidentship, in course of his election campaign, has held Johnson guilty of following a weak-kneed policy in South-East Asia, especially in Vietnam, for which, in the opinion of Goldwater and his supporters, the USA and its allies in South-East Asia are facing military defeats, one after another, at the hands of the forces of national liberation movement, resulting in further strengthening of the anti-imperialist forces fighting for complete national independence and national integration and reunification, as the case may be, in Laos and Vietnam, the falling of morale of a section of US monopolists and the reactionary forces in South-East Asia, who see no ray of hope of ultimate victory in the US sponsored war of annihilation now going on in Laos and Vietnam and the lowering of US prestige in the estimation of the world reactionary forces who look upon the USA as their ultimate saviour against popular uprising. The more bellicose circles and the military in the USA, as a mouthpiece of whom Goldwater and his supporters are moving about, are demanding of Johnson and his Administration a tough policy in South-East Asia, particularly in Vietnam and Laos. By tough policy they mean extension of the US intervention and military operation, now limited to South Vietnam, to North Vietnam. For success of the Democratic Party in the coming election, Johnson has to show the US voters that his policy on South-East Asia, especially on Vietnam, is anything but soft and weak-kneed. Had the US voters been sufficiently conscious politically, they would have long discovered that the Johnson Administration "had no different policy from the old imperialist trick of sending a gunboat up the river" and attacking a foreign land in order to perpetuate the imperialist interests of the American monopolists. But since the majority of American voters are not politically conscious, as is the case in all the capitalist countries, and are ignorant of the neo-colonialist and aggressive policy which their country follows in Asia, Africa and Latin America, both the monopolist groups, one represented by the Democratic Party of Johnson and the other by the Republican Party of Goldwater that rule the USA by turn, find it easy to mislead the ordinary US voters, foment war-psychosis and continue their policy of exporting counter-revolution, provocation, brinkmanship, war and aggression on the plea of defence of the so-called "free world". So, the present rulers of the USA thought it expedient, in the interest of victory in the coming election, to take some military action in South-East Asia. However much Johnson and his Democratic Party may like to extend the war to North Vietnam, since they are in the government, they can ill-afford to ignore or overlook the serious consequences which may follow such an adventurist act. The present rulers of the USA know that in Vietnam the USA is facing at present the military might of the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam alone, and yet the result has been that this army, poorly equipped militarily, has wrought havoc on the combined military might of the USA and its puppet, the South Vietnam Government, and liberated three-fourths of the total area of South Vietnam. In the circumstances, should the US imperialists extend the war to North Vietnam, they know that they would have to face the additional military might of not only North Vietnam but also of China — which has categorically declared that any war with North Vietnam would be considered a war against China and properly met —and, eventually, of the socialist camp; since, whatever may be the ideological differences and the degree of strained relationship between them, the socialist countries cannot but unitedly resist an all-out aggression by the USA on another socialist country, namely the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. Johnson and his Ministers know what the result of such war would be. They still remember what happened in Korea. If the North Korean army and Chinese volunteers (not regular army) alone could throw back the armies of not only the USA but also several dozens of other imperialist-capitalist countries into the Pacific Ocean, then the military involvement of the USA with the socialist camp over extension of war to North Vietnam would dig the grave of the US imperialism in South-East Asia, ensuring complete victory of national liberation movement in the different South-East Asian countries, great advancement of national liberation movement elsewhere and revolutionary struggle in the metropolitan capitalist countries. The myth of superiority of the US military might, which the USA has been able to create among a large section of the politically unconscious masses after the Caribbean crisis because of the incorrect stand of the Soviet Union, would be completely shattered. It would, at the same time, wreck the morale of the world reactionary forces that count on the US military might as the ultimate guarantee for their existence against future popular upsurge, a morale which had sunk to the bottom at the US military reverses in the Korean war but has gone up much after the US success in the Caribbean crisis due to the faulty Soviet stand. So, the present rulers of the USA cannot stake their future on the Asian soil by their adventurist act of extending the war to North Vietnam. But something had got to be done to take the wind out of the sail of Goldwater and his supporters and win the coming Presidential election — this was the internal problem of Johnson and the ruling Democratic Party.
And what is the external problem which the Johnson Administration is confronted with ? The present rulers of the USA are finding it increasingly difficult to keep up and sustain the fast falling morale of the reactionary pro-US forces in South-East Asia in general and in Vietnam and Laos in particular, who are now collaborating with the USA as anti-nationalist forces against the national liberation movements there. For safeguarding the interests of the American monopolists, particularly of a few US death-merchants, this fall in morale has got to be checked and the pro-US anti-nationalist forces are to be revitalized. Because, without doing it, the war of annihilation, which the USA is now carrying on in South Vietnam and Laos in alliance with the reactionary forces there, cannot be continued. And if the civil wars in these countries cannot be kept going, if these end to the advantage of the forces fighting for complete national independence and national re-unification or national integration, the USA would have to leave South-East Asia for good. So, to secure American presence and influence for perpetuating the US neo-colonial interests in South-East Asia, the war of aggression, which it is conducting in this part of the globe, has to be kept ablaze, for which it is essential to achieve unity between the mutually warring Generals who rule unliberated South Vietnam and a part of Laos, revitalize the pro-US anti-nationalist forces, check the fall in their morale consequent upon the US military reverses at the hands of the forces fighting for national independence and then boost their morale. But how it can be done is the problem of the US rulers.
Besides, the USA naturally wants to know beforehand the reaction of the Soviet Union, in case it extends the war to North Vietnam. Would the USSR, in case of an all-out US attack on the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, simply use the UNO as a forum for condemning the attack or would it positively retaliate for the aggression on a socialist country by suitable military action ? The reply to this question is of paramount importance to the present rulers of the USA for the purpose of chalking out their future course of action in Vietnam. But how to know it ? That was also a problem to Johnson and his military advisers.
What Johnson did in the Gulf of Tonkin was aimed at solving these problems of his Administration. Since the present rulers of the USA can ill-afford to take the risk of being involved in a total warfare with China or the Soviet Union or the socialist camp in South-East Asia for reasons discussed earlier, the only course left open to them was to utilize the American superiority in naval and air force over China and North Vietnam in South-East Asia for an extremely short-period attack on North Vietnam not with the help of land army, as that would involve the USA in a land-war with China which the former could not but avoid, but with naval and air force, keeping the door of retreat and withdrawal from the field of operation always open so as to enable the USA to retreat as and when that would be felt necessary for the purpose of avoiding involvement in an all-out clash with China or the socialist camp and to make a show of temporary military success as American military supremacy to the world a large. In fact, the so-called American superiority in naval and air force in South-East Asia would not have remained, had the Soviet Union appeared on the scene and used its superior military might in defence of the fraternal socialist country of North Vietnam against the US aggression. But the US rulers banked on their experience at the time of the Cuban crisis and assumed that the Soviet Union would not resist militarily any such US attack on North Vietnam. This assumption proved correct and made the USA do what it intended to by attacking the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in utter disregard of all civilized codes and in violation of all international laws and conventions. Thus, by taking a calculated risk, Johnson has been able to silence Goldwater and his supporters and to demonstrate to the US voters that he is in no way less tough or stern than the Republican Party candidate in dealing hard blows to North Vietnam and, for that matter, to any socialist country. Johnson has also succeeded in capitalizing on the temporary military success and pass it off as a proof of the US power and courage to ravage with impunity any socialist country and further create the illusion among the politically unconscious that no socialist country, including the USSR, has the power and courage to resist any military action which the USA may have the pleasure to take any time it likes, and thereby also boost the falling morale of a section of the US monopolists and the reactionary forces in South Vietnam and Laos who are seeing more and more the futility of continuing the war in these countries, enthuse them to carry on the war more determinedly and give a fillip to the reactionary forces all over the world in carrying out their crusade against peace, democracy and socialism. The present militarized economy of the USA requires, as temporary means to tide over its crisis of over-production, constant release and replenishment of arms and military equipment stockpiled by it. The US death-merchants are, therefore, vitally interested in intensifying international tension and the atmosphere of cold war and starting, wherever and whenever possible, localized limited wars. The US attack on North Vietnam has also served this interest of a few American death-merchants. Judged in the light of our above-mentioned analysis, it becomes perfectly clear that the US attack on North Vietnam did not aim at starting an all-out war with China or the Soviet Union, far less a world war with the socialist camp. It was nothing but an extension of the US diplomacy into the field of military operation in the form of a wanton aggression on North Vietnam, aiming at achieving certain limited military and political objectives.
Let us now see how the Soviet Union under the leadership of Khrushchev behaved, and examine if it moved correctly. The Soviet Union did practically nothing except make a formal protest against the US attack on the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and move the UNO. Even its move in UNO was most perfunctory. The Statesman, a mouthpiece of British capital and a section of Indian monopolists in our country, while commenting on the role of the USSR wrote: "The assumption of the operation was that the Soviet Union would not respond. The Soviet performance in the UN Security Council has been true to American expectations in its perfunctoriness". Johnson expected that the Soviet Union would protest but would not move to effectively retaliate. At best she might come out with typical 'Khrushchevite aid programme' of supplying certain military equipment. The Soviet behaviour confirmed this expectation of the USA. It is because of this that President Johnson and the Western press in general, which serves as the watchdog of imperialism-capitalism, praised the Soviet Union for following a "realistic policy expected of it".
How is it that `the Soviet Union behaved just according to the expectations of the US imperialists ? We think that the revisionist line of the CPSU is solely responsible for this weak-kneed policy of the USSR. Could not the Soviet Union take retaliatory military measures against the USA ? What did prevent the Khrushchev leadership from adopting such a measure if it was not its wrong approach to major international questions largely due to its thermonuclear war-phobia ? Otherwise, a few Inter-Continental Ballistic Missiles (ICBM), in which the USSR is superior to all the imperialist powers put together, would have been sufficient for the purpose. After destroying with the help of Inter-Continental Ballistic Missiles the US warships and planes engaged in attacking North Vietnam and putting an end to the US aggression, the Soviet Union could go to the UNO and explain to the peoples of the whole world that it had been forced to retaliate since the US imperialists dared attack a peaceful socialist country in violation of all international laws and that it had no intention of carrying on the retaliatory measures further if the imperialists did not continue their aggression. It could hold a threat to the US aggressors that any fresh attack on North Vietnam would be firmly resisted by suitable military measures, and at the same time could add to the strength of the peace-loving people to thrust peace on the imperialist warmongers. If the USSR had taken this correct stand, what would have been the result of it ? The myth of the US superiority in military might over the socialist camp, which the USA has been able to create amongst the world reactionary forces because of the wrong stand of the Soviet Union in the face of nuclear blackmailing by the USA since the Cuban crisis, would have been exploded, as a result of which the morale of the world reactionary forces would have fallen and their aggressiveness, which has increased since the Cuban crisis, would have been dampened and the recent shift in the foreign policy of some of the non-aligned Afro-Asian countries more towards the United States reversed. Besides the reactionary forces, there are politically unconscious men who honestly, though wrongly, believe that the unwillingness of the Soviet Union to resist militarily any US attack on a foreign land is not so much for the former's desire for peace as for its military weakness. In other words, these people take the Khrushchevite way of approach to the peace policy of the Soviet Union as a 'retreat before the tough policy and superior military might of the USA'. Had the USSR effectively resisted the US attack by strong military measures, this section of the ignorant masses of people would have been convinced beyond all doubt that the desire for peace on the part of the USSR was not due to its weakness and that notwithstanding its superior military might the Soviet Union was a genuinely peace-loving country, as they themselves would have seen that in spite of possessing the military might to defeat the USA, the Soviet Union had not gone an inch further than what was militarily needed only to resist an unjust aggression on the Democratic Republic of Vietnam by the USA. It would have objectively demonstrated to the world that whatever may be the ideological differences between the different communist parties and the extent of strained relation between the different socialist countries, the imperialist powers had no opportunity to speculate on the differences, far less to take advantage of them and that the socialist camp would act unitedly as a monolithic unit against any imperialist attack on any foreign land, not to speak of an attack on a socialist country. This demonstration would have taught the US war-maniacs that they would burn their fingers if they touched any socialist country and also might have had a sobering effect on them. This step by the USSR would, furthermore, have released a huge force in favour of national liberation movement in dependent and colonial countries throughout the world, tremendously helped the peoples in Vietnam and Laos in particular and other countries in South-East Asia to complete their national democratic revolution and given a fillip to the revolutionary struggles in the imperialist-capitalist countries. The USSR would then have been hailed as the real defender of world peace and independence of weaker nations and an active helper of the peoples in dependent and colonial countries fighting for national independence. The USSR did not avail itself of these opportunities opened up by the US military aggression on North Vietnam. It merely went to the UNO to lodge just a protest and that also perfunctorily, as per the American expectation.
We know what plea the Khrushchev leadership of the Soviet Union will advance against the above mentioned suggestion of ours. This leadership put forward before and will, in this case also, put forward the same argument that had the Soviet Union retaliated, a thermonuclear war would have started between the USA and the USSR, to the danger of which no sane man, let alone a socialist country, can remain blind. Since the Soviet Union is against thermonuclear war and will never be the first to start it, how could it start if the USA did not start it first ? Does it ever occur to the Khrushchev leadership how contradictory its stand is ? On the one had, while discussing the question of war and peace, it is saying that in the present-day changed international situation the imperialists are incapable of starting a war while, on the other, to defend its wrong stand on the Cuban crisis or on the Tonkin incident, it is saying that had the Soviet Union militarily resisted the US aggression, the imperialists would have started a thermonuclear war.
Then again, is the reading of the Khrushchev leadership correct that had the USSR adopted firm military measures to resist the US aggression on North Vietnam there would have been a thermonuclear war between the USA and the USSR ? We hold that this reading is grossly erroneous. We have already shown, while discussing the US motive, that the US attack on North Vietnam did not aim at an all-out trial of military strength between the USA and the USSR or China, far less a thermonuclear war or a world war with the socialist camp. It was just an extension of the US diplomacy into the field of military operation aiming at achieving certain limited military and political objectives. So had the Soviet Union destroyed with the help of Inter-Continental Ballistic Missiles the US warships and planes engaged in attacking North Vietnam and effectively resisted the US aggression on a socialist country, there would have been no largescale and prolonged war between the USA and the USSR, not to speak of a thermonuclear war as apprehended by the Soviet leaders. Moreover, the Soviet Union could foil the US design and also turn the table in favour of peace, national liberation movements in the dependent and colonial countries and revolutionary struggles in the metropolitan capitalist countries.
But failure to study correctly the aim of this limited military adventure and other localized and partial wars by the USA has led the Soviet leaders to be ever haunted by the danger of a thermonuclear war between the USA and the USSR or a world war between the imperialist camp and the socialist camp. And this unreal and exaggerated sense of fear of a thermonuclear war or a world war on the part of the Khrushchevite leaders is making them fall victim to the US nuclear blackmailing and give unnecessary and unilateral concessions to the US imperialists. This is an objective reality which no amount of revolutionary phrase-mongering can refute. We explained in an article in February 1963 issue of the Socialist Unity how the Soviet leaders had failed to assess correctly the motive with which the US imperialists created the Caribbean crisis. There also the Soviet leaders saw the danger of a thermonuclear war leading to a world war, though there was no such danger and they gave unnecessary and unilateral concessions to the USA. The US rulers have since then correctly read how the mind of the Soviet leadership works and are convinced that the USSR is not going to resist effectively by firm military measures any such US attack or aggression on any country except the Soviet Union. This reading has emboldened the US imperialists to constantly hold out the threat of starting a nuclear war in case the US interferences, attacks or aggression are militarily resisted by the USSR and, taking advantage of the Soviet passivity, almost amounting to surrender, to carry through their policy of interference in the domestic affairs of other countries and attack or aggression on foreign lands through localized and partial wars in areas where American naval and air forces are in a relatively advantageous position. The attack on North Vietnam by the USA is the natural corollary of the correct reading by the US rulers of the working of the mind of the Soviet leaders. The Soviet leaders should realize that if they cannot understand correctly the US tactics of nuclear blackmailing and get over their unreal and exaggerated fear of a world war or thermonuclear war-phobia, the US attack on North Vietnam may not be the last one and the US imperialists, holding a threat of a nuclear war, would continue to carry on interference in the domestic affairs of other countries and even aggress on them, to the detriment of national liberation movements in colonies and semi-colonies and revolutionary struggles in imperialist-capitalist countries. The fresh provocations which the US imperialists have started in the Gulf of Tonkin by attacking and sinking two unknown patrol boats (as reported in the Western press) indicates the possibility of more US adventures in South-East Asia. Would it be correct then to characterize the Soviet stand on the US attack on North Vietnam as an example of their struggle for "imposition of peace on the exponents of war by the forces of peace and socialism", as claimed by the Khrushchev leadership ? It would not be correct to do so. Because, any imposition of peace on the exponents of war by the forces of peace and socialism cannot but strengthen the struggle for peace, national liberation movements in dependent and colonial countries and revolutionary battles by the workers and other exploited masses of the peoples in the capitalist countries for socialism by restraining the imperialist powers from indulging in adventurist acts and interference in the domestic affairs of other countries. But has the Soviet stand on either the Cuban crisis or the US attack on North Vietnam reduced even by a whit the aggressiveness of the US imperialists ? It has not; rather, it has made the bellicose circles of the USA more reckless in their adventurist acts.
Apart from committing mistakes, one after another, on specific issues, relating to a particular war and preservation of a particular peace due to the thermonuclear war-phobia which has developed in their minds precisely because of their incorrect study of the US tactics of nuclear blackmailing, the Soviet leaders are further guilty of making an invidious distinction between the USSR and other socialist countries. How would the Soviet Union have acted, if the USA had launched an attack on it ? Would it have merely gone to the UNO and lodged a formal protest against the USA and scrupulously avoided all military actions against the aggressor, as it has done in the case of the US attack on North Vietnam, or would it have first taken military actions against the USA as a retaliatory measure, forced the aggressor to stop the attack and then gone to the UNO to expose the US policy of brinkmanship, war and aggression ? We have no doubt that the Soviet Union would certainly have taken the latter course, which it actually took a few years back when the US plane violated its air space. The apprehension that a retaliatory military action against the USA may lead to a thermonuclear war or a world war, a plea now being advanced by the Soviet leaders to defend their stand on the US attack on North Vietnam, would not have prevented the USSR from taking retaliatory measures to put down the US attack and aggression, had the USA attacked, bombed and strafed its own territories as had been done in case of Democratic Republic of Vietnam, another socialist country. Why then has an invidious distinction been made between the Soviet Union and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in the matter of taking retaliatory measures against a wanton imperialist attack and aggression ? Is it because the Democratic Republic of Vietnam is not the USSR, that the US aggression on it is of no concern to the Soviet Union ? Or, is it because it is a small country that no action need be taken ? Or, is it because the Democratic Republic of Vietnam has generally supported the Chinese stand in the present ideological struggle, now going on between the different communist parties, that it should be taught a lesson by not resisting the US aggression on it ? Had the Soviet leaders been actuated by the first two considerations, then by their behaviour they have proved that to them the defence of the Soviet Union stands at a much higher level than that of any other socialist country. This is a non-communist outlook. To anyone imbued with and guided by the spirit of proletarian internationalism, all socialist countries, big or small, stand on equal footing and belong to the same family of socialist brotherhood. So, an attack on any socialist country is to be considered an attack on one's own country, requiring collective action of all the socialist countries to resist effectively and foil the aggression. To deny it, as the Soviet leaders have denied in practice by making an invidious distinction between two socialist countries in the matter of resisting the US aggression, is to suffer, may be unknowingly, from reactionary nationalism, incompatible with the spirit of proletarian internationalism. But if the Soviet leaders have been prompted by the third consideration, that is if they thought of teaching North Vietnam a lesson for not supporting the ideological line of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in the ideological struggle between different communist parties, by not resisting the imperialist aggression, then the less said the better. Because, in that case the Soviet leadership is guilty of complete betrayal of proletarian internationalism and socialist fraternity and of an act befitting only an enemy of socialism and communism.
Furthermore, the Khrushchevite leaders have been persistently saying that no socialist country other than the Soviet Union need develop and possess any nuclear weapon as it has sufficient numbers of nuclear weapons to protect all the socialist countries from imperialist attacks and stands as the guarantor of the prestige and defence of all the socialist countries. Though we believe that the USSR possesses a sufficient number of nuclear armaments to protect the socialist countries from any possible imperialist attack on them, yet we consider incorrect the Soviet stand that no other socialist country should develop and possess nuclear weapons. We are of the opinion that so long as the imperialists go on developing and stockpiling nuclear weapons and until complete banning of nuclear tests and destruction of all nuclear weapons take place, other socialist countries, especially those who can undertake the burden to produce them, should develop and possess nuclear weapons. Besides, has the assurance given by the Soviet Union, judged in the context of its behaviour in regard to the US attack on North Vietnam, any real value ? Furthermore, is the superior military might of a socialist country to be used only as a show, or, for its own defence only, or has it any revolutionary significance and for that matter any international obligation to weaker nations and other socialist countries in case they are attacked by the imperialists ? It goes without saying that a socialist country never uses its superior military might in inflicting military defeat on a capitalist country by first attacking it for the purpose of overthrowing capitalism and establishing socialism there. Nor does a socialist country ever threaten the independence or sovereignty of any other country. The idea of export of revolution is alien to Marxism-Leninism. But should an imperialist power attack a socialist country militarily or threaten the security and independence of any weak nation by military intervention and aggression or try to destroy the national liberation struggles of the peoples of dependent and colonial countries by the force of arms, then must not the superior military might of the socialist country be applied effectively to thwart these imperialist machinations ? The changed international situation of today has given the opportunity to and imposed the responsibility on the socialist camp of foiling such adventurist acts by the imperialists and thrusting peace on them. Not to do it means to refuse to carry out the historic task the socialist camp is called upon to perform.
So, by remaining a silent spectator, when the US warships and planes were engaged in a savage attack on a socialist country, the Soviet Union miserably failed to discharge its duty as the leader of the socialist camp. Not only this, the USSR has also failed to move correctly in the United Nations. Apart from the half-heartedness and perfunctoriness of the Soviet move in the UNO, how could the Soviet representative agree to the US proposal to call South Vietnam along with North Vietnam to the United Nations ? The USA launched attack on North Vietnam — this was the fact, though the USA brought the charge of North Vietnamese attack on the US warships first. But in any case how does South Vietnam come into the picture in a dispute between the USA and North Vietnam ? The USA wanted to use the UNO as a forum for carrying on a false and vile propaganda against North Vietnam, using South Vietnam as a cat's paw. Why would the Soviet Union acquiesce in this US game by agreeing to call the American puppet, South Vietnam, to the UNO ? This is not all. Not to speak of taking military actions in order to effectively resist the US aggression on North Vietnam and correctly moving in the UNO, the Khrushchev leadership of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union did not even organize any demonstration in its own country to protest against the US attack on a socialist country, let alone the storm of protest which ought to have been organized by it throughout the world. Instead of making a serious effort to expose, isolate and corner the US imperialists in the international arena, the Khrushchev leadership, on the contrary, most irresponsibly made an appeal to both the parties not to indulge in provocation, as if, somebody else but the USA has also indulged in provocation. Does not this appeal, by implication, place the aggressor and the aggressed on a par ? When the fact is that the US imperialists launched an attack on North Vietnam without any provocation from the latter, what purpose does this appeal serve other than attempting to smear the critics of the Khrushchev leadership with the false charge of provocation to war, thereby isolating them in the world communist forum ? Is it not treason against proletarian internationalism to place the aggressor imperialist country and the aggressed socialist country on the same footing ? The Soviet leaders ought to answer these questions to the satisfaction of the communists at large.
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Contact(s): Don Kissinger: 715.359-5793 or Paul Cigan 715.416-4920
December 13, 2016
MADISON - Now is a good time for tree pruning, when temperatures are cold, according to Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources tree health experts.
"Pruning is a good practice to help create or maintain good branch structure and minimize many tree pest and disease problems. However, if you are going to prune oak trees, it is important to do it in winter to prevent introduction of oak wilt," said Paul Cigan, DNR Forest Health Specialist for northwest Wisconsin. This is because:
To help reduce the spread of oak wilt another way, do not move firewood. "Many oak wilt infections in new areas are likely the result of infected firewood or other raw oak wood being moved from areas with oak wilt," according to Cigan.
Oak wilt is commonly found in the southern two-thirds of the state. It is creeping north, but is still uncommon in much of northern Wisconsin. Taking precautions to prevent the spread of oak wilt will help keep it that way. "This is a current problem for which we can still make a difference," according to Cigan.
Trees should be pruned throughout their life to maintain strong structure and remove dead wood. "Pruning should not remove more than 25 percent of the live crown of a tree. The lower third of trunks of deciduous trees should be free of limbs," said DNR Urban Forester Don Kissinger.
Find the DNR pruning brochure at dnr.wi.gov, search "tree pruning" [PDF]. Certified arborists who offer pruning and other tree care services can be found at waa-isa.org/arborists/search.asp (exit DNR). For more information search the DNR website dnr.wi.gov, for keywords oak wilt and firewood.
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FAYETTEVILLE, WV (WOAY) – Businesses all over the nation have had issues finding employees in recent months. The US Chamber of Commerce has even begun to call the issue a crisis.
The shortage has even made its way to West Virginia. In Fayetteville, many local small businesses have had their own share of problems.
Thread, a clothing boutique located downtown, has had to occasionally close up shop due to a shortage of workers.
“I’ve just been trying to find employees to work our schedule and it’s seemingly hard to find somebody to come and stay and work the job throughout,” said the owner Candace Evans.
Thread likes to stay open seven days a week when they have enough staff. The Evans says it’s especially important to stay open that many days during the heavy tourist seasons. She’s down two workers right now, with no luck so far on filling the roles.
“It affects it a lot. A couple of days my store just isn’t open. It’s been a challenge for the small businesses.”
There are many reasons experts believe to be causing the labor shortage. Some are saying it’s due to a lack of pay and benefits, others believe COVID-19 is still the root cause.
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NEW YORK (CBSNewYork) – City and state officials have called for serious reforms to the voting system before the next election.
Speaking on the steps of City Hall on Tuesday, local officials said the long waits and huge crowds this year were due in part to displaced voters from superstorm Sandy casting ballots in other districts.
WCBS 880’s Alex Silverman reports
But they said the main issue is outdated technology.
“That is a relic of the old machines which only counted up to 999 so we had to divide the city into these tiny little districts,” New York State Assemblyman Brian Kavanagh told reporters including WCBS 880’s Alex Silverman.
On Election Day, Mayor Michael Bloomberg complained about the new voting system, arguing there was no reason to upgrade a system that had been working efficiently for years.
The mayor went so far as to call the new system a ‘nightmare’ that only served to confuse people. The mayor was not part of the Tuesday news conference outside City Hall.
Some of the voting changes proposed by city council members include:
- Fixing the voter registration system;
- Requiring better notice to voters of polling places and dates;
- Eliminating voter cards which were needed for the former lever voting system;
- Recruiting enough poll workers for each polling station and ensuring proper training;
- Increasing the use of technology at poll sites to expedite process;
- Improving ballot design and readability;
- Combining electoral districts into fewer, larger ones.
Officials said this year’s voting lines were the longest the city has ever seen.
“Imagine if we we’re a swing state,” State Senator Liz Krueger said.
Krueger is one of several city and state officials working on changes like getting rid of unnecessary voter cards and better training.
“I had one set of poll workers at one site who sent an email out declaring they were mutinying. All of this says to the public, ‘it’s a challenge to vote, don’t try it,'” she said.
City Councilwoman Gale Brewer said they will have a hearing to discuss reform ideas on Dec. 5.
Some of the other city council members at the news conference were Jumaane Williams, Daniel Dromm and Dan Halloran.
What do you think of the new voting system? Do you like it or did you prefer the old system? Sound off in the comments section below…
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Achdus, unity, is a term that warms the heart. It is an ideal we all aspire to achieve but often find so elusive.
In particular, at the time of Rosh Hashanah, the idea and ideal of achdus plays a prominent role. When children are being judged by their father, the fact that they are united, that they live in peace and harmony with one another, certainly invokes the father’s mercy.
After all, it is every father’s fervent wish that his children should get along, love one another, help one another. Thus, when our Father in heaven sees His children living in peace and with achdus it is certainly something that will invoke Divine Mercy and help us be judged favorably on the Yom HaDin, The Day of Judgment.
We find the theme of achdus features prominently in the hallowed tefillah of Nesaneh Tokef, possibly the highlight of the Rosh Hashanah prayers, where we say, “All mankind pass before you like young sheep.” The pasuk cited in the first Mishnah in Maseches Rosh Hashanah to illustrate this concept is, “He who fashions their hearts ‘together’ comprehends their deeds.”
Hashem, who fashioned the hearts of the Jewish nation together as one, passes judgment on them on Rosh Hashanah in this way too.
In addition, an integral part of the Amidah on Rosh Hashanah is devoted to the theme of achdus. When we pray for the ultimate day when Hashem will “Grant his awe upon all that He has created…and all of Your creations will fear You,” the climax of that tefillah is, “And may they all form a single bond to do your will with a perfect heart.”
From that passage in the Amidah we see that the purpose of the ultimate revelation of Hashem’s glory in the times of Mashiach is that all Jews will serve Him in unity.
In our time, however, it seems so difficult to achieve that sort of unity. We find a lack of unity between communities and within individual communities. We find not only disagreement but often acrimonious and even humiliating discourse among Jews. How can we draw inspiration from lessons of Rosh Hashanah? Can we find in the teachings of our sages about Rosh Hashanah the recipe for true Jewish unity?
So often we see well-meaning Jews, in the pursuit of unity, hailing the “beautiful achdus” of different types of Jews getting together and joining hands. It is indeed beautiful – provided the achdus is one that enhances Yiddishkeit and not, chalilah, the opposite. Frequently, however we see a certain childish understanding of achdus that somehow finds favor in any “togetherness” regardless of who is being “united.”
Let us analyze the mitzvah of blowing shofar on Rosh Hashanah as well as the other instances where the Torah mentions the blowing of the shofar and find contemporary lessons that apply to this difficult day and age in which we live.
Shofars of Rosh Hashanah, Mattan Torah
Rambam (Hilchos Teshuvah 3:4), after emphasizing that blowing the shofar on Rosh Hashanah, like all other dictates, is ultimately unfathomable and that we must fulfill it simply because Hashem commanded us to, offers a reason for the mitzvah. He interprets the shofar’s blast as saying, “You sleeping ones, wake up! You slumbering ones, rouse yourselves to attention! Examine your deeds, repent, and remember your Creator….”
Someone who hears the shofar being blown cannot remain indifferent, as the pasuk states (Amos 3:6), “Is it possible for a shofar to be blown in the city and the residents not to become frightened?”
We see from the Rambam that the shofar on Rosh Hashanah was meant to instill fear of Hashem in people.
Another instance when the shofar was blown was at Mattan Torah, the giving of the Torah on Mt. Sinai. The pasuk relates, “There were thunderclaps and lightning bolts and a heavy cloud on the mountain and a very mighty shofar blast. All the people in the camp trembled” (Shemos 19:16).
The Ibn Ezra explains that the trembling came from the sound of the shofar. Interestingly, Rabbeinu Bachyei (comment to Shemos 19:16) writes that the shofar blasts at Har Sinai were much louder than even the thunderclaps.
One would assume the people trembled in fear because of the awesome thunder roaring in their ears and the brilliant, blinding flashes of lightning that struck repeatedly in the sky above them. As Chazal taught (Berachos 59a), the purpose of thunderclaps is to “straighten out the crookedness in the heart” – apparently because they strike fear in the hearts of those who hear them.
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The Type 052D destroyer (NATO code name Luyang III class, or Kunming class after the lead ship) is a class of guided missile destroyers being deployed by the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Navy Surface Force. Currently it is being built at two different Chinese ship yards.
After the Type 052C destroyer (NATO code name Luyang II class, or Lanzhou class after the lead ship), two new hulls were spotted under construction at Changxingdao-Jiangnan Shipyard (JNCX) in August 2012. According to imagery, they were armed with a new 130 mm main gun and new AESA radar system. Altogether six vessels of this class are now fitting out or under construction, one vessel is on sea trial and four vessels are active.
Nearing the completion of the first 12 Type 052D ships, the PLAN will shift production to the newer Type 055 destroyer.
Type 055 destroyer compared to Type 052D
Type 052C destroyer: Details
The layout of the Type 052D is similar to the earlier Type 052C, but the superstructure of the Type 052D slopes inward at a greater angle, providing reduced radar cross-section.
**For main radar see bottom of article**
On top of the bridge of the first three 052D hulls is the usual Band Stand over-the-horizon targeting radar radome, along with a Type 344 fire control director and electronic countermeasure (ECM)/jammers on the enclosed mast. Mounting plates outboard the stack may be for 30-millimeter guns, but the 052C had boat davits in that location. Source afcea.org
Type 344 fire control director
Chinese Designation: Type 344
Export Name: MR34
NATO Reporting Name: N/A
Role: Fire-control for the 100mm gun and anti-ship missile targeting
Contractor: Xi’an Research institute of Navigation Technology
Description: The Type 344 radar is normally installed on top of the brigade right in front of the main mast. The radar is used as the standard fire-control radar on all post-1990 PRC-built destroyers and frigates for 100mm main gun and anti-ship missile targeting. Source globalmil.com
The helicopter hangar on the Type 052D is moved to the center, as opposed to being on the left like on the Type 052C. A pair of enclosed boat/raft launching systems similar to that of the Type 054A frigate is added, with one on each side of the helicopter hangar. The Type 517HA VHF radar mast is moved toward the stern of the ship.
Type 366 Radar
Type 366 radar – Image @dingsheng.com
Type 366 is the Chinese development of Russian MR-331 Mineral-ME naval radar (NATO reporting name: Band Stand], and as late of 2010’s, it is the latest and most advanced surface search radar in Chinese navy.
MR-331 Mineral-ME radar system consists of Mineral-ME1 active radar and Mineral-ME2 passive radar mounted in a back-to-back configuration, and Mineral-ME3 mutual data exchange, navigation and joint combat operation control station, Mineral-ME radar system is designed to detect, track and record (including over-the-horizon) surface targets, provide and receive information to and from other sources. Typical detection range against a destroyer sized target in the active mode in up to 250 km, while that of the passive mode ranges from 80 to 450 km. Active and passive subsystems of MR-331 Mineral-ME can operate in conjunction. MR-331 Mineral-ME is installed on Sovremennyy-class destroyer sold to China, and China also purchased additional sets for its own destroyers.
China was thoroughly impressed by the performance of Russian MR-331 Mineral-ME naval radar and proceeded to develop its own version designated as Type 366. The major Chines modification of the Russian system is in the data exchange and operator console, where China has improved mode of operations. Like its Russian predecessor, Type 366 radar operates in five different frequency bands and when working in the active mode, the number of targets can be handled is three times of that of when in passive mode. Type 366 radar is claimed to be superior than its Russian predecessor is when active and passive subsystems work in conjunction. In comparison to the original surface search function of its Russian predecessor, China expanded the functions on Type 366 radar by also using it as a low-altitude 2-D air search radar against sea-skimming anti-shipping missiles. With improved software, Type 366 radar is proven to be effective against sea-skimming target with radar cross section of 0.1 to 1 square meter by detecting such incoming targets at distance of 20 to 35 km range. Source wikipedia.org
Type 517HA VHF radar
VHF Type 517HA – Image @defencyclopedia.com
China Type 517H-1 Knife Rest – (Pea Sticks) Radar
Radar, Air Search, 2D Long-Range
Max Range: 333.4 km
Further aft, the VHF Type 517HA relic 1950 vintage yagi antenna is retained. The 2D very high frequency radar is moved forward on the 052D to make deck space for an aft vertical launcher. Satellite communication radomes are adjacent to it. Source afcea.org
VHF Type 517HA forward of VLS & Type 364 is top mast radar within the dome
Type 364 Radar
Type 364 air/surface-search Radar – Image at @apl-chine.com
The Type 364 radar was developed by the Yangzhou Marine Electronic Instruments Research Institute (扬州船用电子仪器研究所) / No. 723 Research Institute. It is typically enclosed in a dome on new PLA-N’s frigates and destroyers.
An improved version of the earlier Type 360, it replaces the Yagi IFF antenna with a planar IFF configuration and moves to higher frequencies in order to achieve better target discrimination. The dome is also expected to improve azimuth resolution.
It is expected to be used primarily for CIWS (Type 730, Type 630) targeting with secondary air search and SSM targeting abilities.
- Mast weight: 520 kg
- Scan rate: 10+ RPM
- Other features:
- Full coherent chirp pulse compression
- Adaptive MTD (AMTD)
- Able to track missiles with RCS<0.1m2 between Mach 1-3
China Type 364 – (SR-64, Seagull-C) Radar
Radar, Target Indicator, 2D Surface-to-Air
Max Range: 129.6 km
There are several mounting sites for a new single barrel 30 mm stealthy gun mount that is fully automated. The addition of this small caliber weapon is presumably for the need to counter non-conventional threats such as potential terrorist attacks and anti-piracy operations, but as of the end of 2012, no 30 mm gun mounts have been observed to be installed on the hull yet.
Due to the greater angle of superstructure slope, more space was made available for the active phased array radar (APAR), which first appeared in June 2012 onboard PLAN weaponry trial ship Bi Sheng. It is believed that this new APAR is a development of Type 348 Radar mounted on the Type 052C. One of the main differences is that the size of the new array is larger, so presumably there are more transceivers on each array. Another obvious difference is that the curvature resulted in the need for air circulation on earlier APAR on Type 052C is gone, so it is believed that the new APAR on Type 052D must have adopted a pure liquid cooling system instead of the mixed air and liquid cooling system on earlier APAR on board Type 052C.
Vertical Launching System
The Type 052D has a brand new vertical launching system (VLS) for surface-to-air missiles, cruise missiles, anti-submarine missiles, and anti-ship missiles, and is capable of quad-packing missiles and cold launch; it is the third type of Chinese VLS system identified, after the circular version of VLS on Type 052C destroyer and the rectangular version on Type 054A frigate. The VLS system on Type 052D differs from that on Type 052C. The circular-shaped VLS system on Type 052C is replaced by the VLS with rectangular cells on Type 052D.
Type 052D VLS model
Moreover, this box-like VLS looks different from the VLS system of Type 054A. Photos show that Type 052D’s VLS system does not contain the shared exhaust vents between the rows of launching tubes, which is the common feature of Type 054A’s VLS. Instead, the VLS on Type 052D looks more similar to the American Mk 41 VLS, but without obvious indication of exhausts. The lack of exhaust vents in the leaked photos leads to some Chinese internet forums postulating the cold launch method is adopted on Type 052D, but such claims cannot be confirmed by independent or official sources.
Type 052D VLS
Other sources on Chinese internet forums state that the difference between the VLS on Type 052D and VLS on Type 054A is simply a rearrangement of exhaust to a different location and Type 052D is still utilizing the hot launch method like Type 054A, but used a more advanced method of concentric canister launch (CCL) system (同心筒式垂直发射系统), first pioneered by USA in the mid-1990 for Mk 41 VLS upgrade.
According to the China Military News, a new destroyer equipped with two sets of vertical launch missiles with 64 cells each to launch anti-aircraft missiles HQ-9B, anti-ship and antisubmarine missiles . Original Type 052C on missile launchers anti-YJ-62, apparently, are not present in the new destroyer. It has been suggested that the Type 052D can be equipped with a marine version of the ground cruise missile long-range DH-10.
The basic airframe configuration and internal layout of the HQ-9/HHQ-9/FD-2000 round appear identical to the Russian Almaz-Antey/Fakel 5V55/48N6 family of SAMs. The only notable difference is the redesign of the TVC vanes, which are situated aft of the nozzle in the Chinese missile.
No details have been disclosed on the seeker employed. Given the design heritage of the missile, the baseline seeker is likely to be a direct derivative of earlier variants of the 48N6E/E1 seeker, employing TVM (SAGG) guidance, and midcourse datalink corrected inertial guidance.
Claims have also emerged of an active radar seeker, but these should be treated with caution as Chinese industry has little experience with such, licencing the Russian Agat 9B-1103M design for the PL-12 AAM. However, in the long term it is likely that an active seeker will find its way into the missile, as this is a strong trend in contemporary long range SAM design.
There are also claims of an alternate HQ-9B configuration, employing a dual mode semi-active radar homing and scanning infrared seeker, claimed by Janes to be an imaging IR seeker1. The latter would not present unusual difficulties as China has designed a range of scanning IR seekers for air to air missiles.
Cutaway of the FT-2000 round from brochure material. Note the additional cruciform strake absent in the 5V55/48N6 family of missile airframes, and the baseline HQ-9 (via R.D. Fisher).
China Type 346A PAR [HQ-9] – (Kvant/APAR) Radar
Radar, FCR, Surface-to-Air, Long-Range
Max Range: 324.1 km
DH-10 cruise missile
Many sources claim that the PLA now operates the indigenous HN-1 (320 NMI/600 km), HN-2 (800+ NMI/1,500+ km) and the HN-3 (1,350 NMI/2,500 km). The sole good quality image to emerge suggests these weapons are clones of the BGM-109 Tomahawk, suitable for naval and aerial launch. The CJ-10/DH-10 cruise missile, declared operational, also resembles a Tomahawk.
The missile uses both GLONASS and GPS satellite systems for guidance, with four different types of warheads available; a heavy variant weighing 500kg, and three 350kg variants: high explosive blast, submunition and earth penetrator. Source ausairpower.net
In 2013, the United States credited the missile with a range of more than 1,500 km, and either a conventional or nuclear payload; other sources claim the missile has ranges of 2,000 km (1,200 mi; 1,100 nmi), 2,500 km (1,600 mi; 1,300 nmi), or as much as 4,000 km (2,500 mi; 2,200 nmi). In 2004, the CJ-10 was credited with a CEP of 10 m. Source wikipedia.org
CY-5 (Chiang Ying, Long Tassel) ASROC-type missile
A PLAN naval drill in July saw the likely first images of an ASROC-type torpedo-carrying missile, fired from the vertical launch system of a Type 054A ‘Jiangkai II’-class frigate. The official designator of this missile is uncertain, although some sources suggest nomenclature of CY-5 (Chiang Ying , Long Tassel). Source: Screengrab from CCTV @janes.com
CY-5 is the vertically launched version of CY-4 with folding control surfaces to fit into VLS. The range is reported to be 30 km. The existence of CY-5 type weapon was first officially revealed in 2012 when Type 054A frigate was opened to public in Hong Kong, when the governmental explanation described the modular VLS at the bow of the ship can launch both air defense missiles and rocket propelled ASW torpedoes armed with various Chinese and western torpedoes. However, the exact designation of the rocket propelled ASW torpedo was not revealed. Because CY series was also first intended for export and armed with torpedoes of western origin, CY-5 is thus also most likely armed with Chinese Y-7, or other western light torpedoes such as A244-S. CY-5 is reportedly also deployed onboard Type 052D destroyer. Source wikipedia.org
The Yu-7 is a lightweight torpedo of Chinese origin. Since 1984 China tried to copy and later produce under license the US Mk 46 torpedo. This proved to be difficult and a batch of Italian A.224S torpedoes was ordered and the two designs were mated. An electrically powered Yu-7 offspring called the ET-52 was developed and put into service before the development of the Yu-7 was finished.
Aircraft, surface ships
Active/passive acoustic seeker
Otto Fuel II
6 to 400 m depth
YJ-18 (YingJi-18) Low-Flying Subsonic-to-Supersonic Anti-Ship Cruise Missile (ASCM)
The YJ-18 ASCM first cruises at approximately 600 mph right above the surface of the water, and then accelerates to up to Mach 3 (3X the speed of sound) at about 20 nautical miles out from the target ship, making it “harder to hit with on-board guns”, and a “faster target for radars”, according to one Larry Wortzel of the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission. Even worse, the new missile has an operational/engagement range of roughly 290 nautical miles, or roughly 14 times that of its predecessor, the YJ-82. The commission therefore concluded that the YJ-18 missile “could have serious implications for the ability of U.S. Navy surface ships to operate freely in the Western Pacific” in the event of a naval confrontation. In other words, there’s serious concern right now that the YJ-18 can significantly upset the current balance of naval power, i.e., the US Navy’s firepower advantage in the region, and work as an anti-access/area-denial weapon, presumably alongside the DF-21D ASBM ship killer, to keep US ships off the Chinese coast and outside the First Island Chain–in other words, everything the United States controlled during and after World War II (WWII). Source defensereview.com
YJ-83 anti-ship missile
The YJ-83 is a long-range anti-ship missile designed to meet the requirements of the PLA Navy (PLAN). The YJ-83 has a range of 150 to 200 kilometers and introduces a data-link to receive target updates from airborne assets such as helicopters or fixed-wing aircraft. The YJ-83 can fly at supersonic speeds (Mach 1.5) during the terminal phase of the flight (approx 15 kilometers). The PLAN is deploying the YJ-83 missile as the standard anti-ship missile onboard frigates and destroyers.
Diameter: 0.36 meter
Length: 6.39 meter (21.0 foot)
Wingspan: 1.22 meter
Max Range: 200 kilometer (108 nautical mile)
Cruise Speed: 0.90 mach (1,076 kph)
Top Speed: 1.50 mach (1,793 kph)
Warhead: 165 kilogram (364 pound)
HQ-16 medium range SAM
The Hong Qi 16 or HQ-16 is a Chinese medium-range air defense missile system. It is based on the Soviet Shtil naval air defense system, which in turn is a version of the Buk. So the HQ-16 can be seen as a Chinese improved equivalent of the Buk. Some sources report that is had been adopted in the mid 1990s. Currently the HQ-16 is being widely used by the Chinese armed forces.
Missile of the HQ-16 evolved from the Soviet 9M38 missile, used by the Buk. However the Chinese missile is more capable than its predecessor.
The HQ-16 has a maximum range against aircraft of 40 km. It can engage cruise missiles at a range of 3.5 to 18 km. This air defense system can engage very low flying and high altitude targets. It can reach targets at an altitude of up to 18 km. Claimed hit probability of an aircraft with a single missile is 85%. Hit probability of a cruise missile is 60%.
Chinese VLS For HQ-16 Air Defence Missiles of Type 054A Frigate – Image @globalmilitaryreview.blogspot.com
Maximum range of fire
Maximum altitude of fire
Number of targets engaged simultaneously
First concrete proof of the existence of the Chinese SD-10A Sky Dragon Medium-Range Surface To Air Missile System program. Surface Launched SD-10A is also known as DK-10 Surface-to-Air Missile (SAM) which also forms medium range part of Chinese Lie Shou LS-II (Hunter II) Surface To Air Missile System.
Range: 3 km to 50 km
Altitude: 30 m to 20 km
Guidance system: ≤ 13 m
Launch mode: canister-launched missile
Single Shot Kill Probability: ≥ 0.80 (fighter like targets)
Range of Search radar: ≥ 130 km
12 Missiles Can Be Fired Simultaneously To Engaging 12 Targets
System reaction time (normal): ≤ 20 sec
System reaction time (emergency): ≤ 16 sec
Deployment time: 15 min
Withdrawal time: 6 min
Continuous operating time: ≥ 12 hrs
Operating temperature: -20°C to +55°C
HHQ-10 (FL-3000N) short-range Air Defense System
FLN 3000 missile – Image @scmp.com
FL-3000N missile utilizes a combined guidance system that incorporates both passive radio frequency (RF) guidance and imaging infrared (ImIR) guidance. There are a pair of horn like protrusions mounted on the ImIR seeker at the tip of the missile, and these two protrusions are the passive RF seeker. An optional ImIR only guidance is also available and the missile is a fire and forget weapon.
The fire control system (FCS) of FL-3000N can simultaneously control two launchers, and can be integrated into other FCS on board ships. Alternatively, FL-3000N is also capable being directly controlled by other FCS on board ships. The system is usually fully automatic without human intervention, but manual operation can be inserted when needed.
- Length: 2 meters
- Diameter: 0.12 meter
- Minimum range: < 500 meters
- Maximum range: > 9 km for subsonic targets, > 6 km for supersonic targets
- Guidance: passive RF + ImIR or ImIR only.
Chinese military standard GJB-5860-2006
In accordance with the requirements of the CIP are intended for simultaneous planning and implementation of the four classes of missiles, including anti-aircraft missiles, anti-ship missiles, anti-submarine rockets and missiles to bombard land targets. OHR should independently provide missile launch according to the ship’s fire control system.
CIP must ensure the storage and use of rockets three standard sizes:
– “big” – up to 9.9 m;
– “medium” – up to 7 m
– “small” – a length of 3.3 m.
Type 054A VLS
This second claim appears more probable than the cold launch claims, because official Chinese sources have confirmed the existence of CCL VLS developmental program headed by the School of Mechatronics Engineering of Beijing Institute of Technology, and various research papers have been publicized, such as the effect of the flow mechanism and annular size of CCL and others. It is reported that chief designers of Chinese CCL VLS included Professor Yuan Zenfeng (袁曾凤), Professor Miao Peiyun (苗佩云) and professor Liang Shijie (梁世杰). When using CCL method, the flame produced in hot launch is diverted through the space between the inner and outer canisters within each individual VLS cell, so no specially dedicated exhaust shared by several cells are needed, thus similar to how British vertical launched (VL) Sea Wolf missile operates, and this is why CCL VLS can be mistaken for cold launch due to the lack of dedicated exhaust sandwiched between two rolls of cells in traditional VLS, while in reality, the exhaust of CCL VLS is within each individual cell.
Another improvement of the Type 052D is that the Type H/PJ87 100mm gun on the Type 052C is replaced by a new single barrel 130 mm gun, designated as the Type H/PJ38 CIWS.
Type H/PJ38 130 mm naval gun
The H/PJ38 is a new single barrel 130 mm gun of the Chinese Navy introduced on the Type 052D destroyer. Designed by the Zhengzhou Mechanical-Electrical Engineering Research Institute (郑州机电工程研究所, also known as the 713th Research Institute of the 7th Academy) and manufactured by Inner Mongolia 2nd Machinery Manufacturing Factory (内蒙第二机械制造厂), the H/PJ-38 130 mm naval gun was developed from reverse engineering of Soviet AK-130 twin 130 mm naval gun, which was carried out by the same two establishments.
The general designer of the H/PJ-38, Chen Dingfeng (陈汀峰), was also the general designer of all models of Type 79 100 mm naval gun, all models of Type 210 100 mm naval gun, and the H/PJ26 76 mm naval gun. Chen was recalled from retirement to complete the H/PJ38 single barrel 130 mm naval gun. When the Soviet AK-130 was first successfully copied by Chinese developers, the Chinese navy was unsatisfied and decided not to let the AK-130 into production, despite all performance parameters being met. Because the AK-130 was judged out-of-date by the Chinese Navy, the H/PJ38 program was created in 2005. The H/PJ38 130 mm single barrel naval gun is considered more powerful and more reliable than other smaller caliber naval guns currently in Chinese service, and as with naval guns on most warships, it is installed in front of the VLS.
Research led to the development of a single barreled 70 caliber, 130 mm system which took more than four years to complete, and the H/PJ38 went to series production soon after completion. The primary improvement of the H/PJ38 over the AK-130 is its adaptability: H/PJ38 can fire both separate loading rounds and semi-fixed rounds, which is crucial in firing gun-launched missiles and PGMs. The H/PJ38 can also fire a variety of sub-caliber rounds, but more importantly, a variety of PGMs were developed for H/PJ38 to increase its effectiveness. Source wikipedia.org
China Type 349A – (GFCR, 130mm) Radar
Radar, FCR, Weapon Director
Max Range: 37 km
Main gun and H / PJ11 CIWS – Image @apl-chine.com
H / PJ11 model (estimate) 11 30mm near Artillery, 730 1130 the latest developments in the turret change is particularly evident. Since the increase in the volume of the turret. Radar cabin shift. Turret to make room for the installation playing the drums, so that 1130 becomes about playing the drums structure, increase the amount of shells to accommodate the need for a substantial increase in the rate of fire of 1130. Double the amount of deposit is estimated at 730 bombs basis. More than 1,000 rounds of level 730B. 9000-10000 rate of fire rounds / min or so, other performance is unknown. Translated by Google – Source haijun360.com
**Information confirmed by navyrecognition.com
PLAN Type 052D Destroyer firing with the H/PJ-12 30mm CIWS – Image @navyrecognition.com
Sources on the Chinese Internet have stated that Type 052D is equipped with a newest Chinese data link which has just completed national certification in Jun 2012 and publicized by the end of year. Designated as JSIDLS (Joint Service Integrated Data Link System, 全军综合数据链系统), this is the Chinese equivalent of Link 16, a significant improvement of earlier HN-900 which is the Chinese equivalent of Link 11/TADIL-A installed on Type 052C. The general designer of JSIDLS is Major General Wang Jianxi (王建新), who was the also head of the research institute of the People’s Liberation Army General Staff Department assigned as primary contractor of JSIDLS. More than 300 establishments and 8000 people were involved in the development of JSIDLS, and it won State Science and Technology Prizes after completion.
China’s state-run media informally designate the Type 052D as Zhonghuashendun / 中华神盾 which means “of and referring to China” and God-Shield. The new destroyer is equipped with a flat-array AESA radar, a 64-cell VLS and modern long-range anti-air missiles. The destroyer is expected to have capabilities similar to those of U.S. Arleigh Burke-class destroyers.
Type 052D flat-array AESA radar – Image apl-chine.com
There is speculation that the radar systems on Type 052D destroyers are able to detect stealth fighter aircraft, particularly the American F-35 Lightning II, especially if the Type 346 radar is an S-band radar like the American SPY-1 radar. Tactical stealth fighters are optimized to be undetectable from higher-frequency radar bands such the C, X, and Ku, but features like the tail-fin may make it susceptible to lower S or L-band frequencies.
Type 052D flat-array AESA radar – Image apl-chine.com
Depending on the distance between the ship and aircraft and the strength of the return of the omni-directional signal, a target may not be picked up at a tactically significant distance since L-band and most S-bands have resolution cells that cannot generate quality targets for weapons tracking. However, the SPY-1 and Air and Missile Defense Radar operate in higher frequency portions of the S-band and are able to generate weapons quality tracks, so Chinese systems could be similar. China is also speculated to be reducing the size of the large radar resolution cells by connecting multiple low-frequency radars through high-speed data-networks, which can refine resolution enough for tracking a missile to the target.
Type 346 S-band multi-function active phased-array radar with four antenna arrays, each of which has a maximum range of 150km, a maximum resolution of 0.5 metres, and can scan a 0-120-degree arc in azimuth and 0-90 degrees in elevation, with a peak power output of 1mWe. Source trishul-trident.blogspot.com
Two QC-280 gas turbine engines
Image @china.comImage apl-chine.com
The Chinese QC280 is a high performance gas turbine developed and assembled by the China Shipbuilding Industry. The QC280 relates to the Ukranian GT-25000 gas turbine technology delivered to China in 1993 but with key components manufactured in Ukraine. In the early 2000s, China was able to get all the technology of the GT-25000 allowing it to manufacture all its components locally thus receiving the designation of UGT-25000. In the early 2010s, after solving a series of defects and shortfalls China re-designated this gas turbine as the QC-280. As of 2014 the QC280 is in production and is expected to be provided to large displacement ships such as the 12,000-ton class Type 055 destroyer and the new conventionally-powered Type 011 aircraft carrier. Source deagel.com
Two MTU 20V 956TB92 diesel engine
|No. of cylinders|
|Rated power max. kW|
|Speed max. 1/min.|
China Launched the Twelfth Type 052D Destroyer: Here
Ships of Class
|1||172||昆明 / Kunming||Jiangnan Shipyard||28 August 2012||21 March 2014||South Sea Fleet||Active|
|2||173||长沙 / Changsha||Jiangnan Shipyard||28 December 2012||12 August 2015||South Sea Fleet||Active|
|3||174||合肥 / Hefei||Jiangnan Shipyard||1 July 2013||12 December 2015||South Sea Fleet||Active|
|4||175||银川 / Yinchuan||Jiangnan Shipyard||30 March 2014||12 July 2016||South Sea Fleet||Active|
|5||117||西宁 / Xining||Jiangnan Shipyard||26 August 2014||North Sea Fleet||Sea trial|
|6||118||乌鲁木齐 / Urumqi||Jiangnan Shipyard||30 December 2014||North Sea Fleet||Fitting out|
|7||154||厦门 / Xiamen||Jiangnan Shipyard||7 July 2015||East Sea Fleet||Fitting out|
|8||119||贵阳 / Guiyang||Dalian Shipbuilding Industry Company||28 November 2015||North Sea Fleet||Fitting out|
|9||155||南京 / Nanjing||Jiangnan Shipyard||28 December 2015||East Sea Fleet||Fitting out|
|10||120||Dalian Shipbuilding Industry Company||North Sea Fleet||Under Construction|
|11||156||Jiangnan Shipyard||East Sea Fleet||Under Construction|
|12||157||Dalian Shipbuilding Industry Company||East Sea Fleet||Under Construction|
|13||Jiangnan Shipyard||Under Construction|
|Length:||156 m (512 ft)|
|Beam:||18 m (59 ft)|
|Draught:||6.5 m (21 ft)|
|Aircraft carried:||1 helicopter|
Main material source wikipedia.org
Updated Jan 09, 2017
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White House Works to Shape Debate Over Health LawStripping out the weasel words, the Executive Branch is "coordinating" with outside groups to orchestrate demonstrators to intimidate the Judicial Branch as it decides a major case. So much for separation of powers! So much for speech rights being limited to human beings. So much for the most famous case in American law: Marbury v. Madison, 5 U.S. 137, 177 (1803) ("It is emphatically the province and duty of the judicial department to say what the law is.").
The White House has begun an aggressive campaign to use approaching Supreme Court arguments on the new health care law as a moment to build support for the measure seen as President Obama’s signature legislative achievement, hoping to shape public opinion on an issue at the center of the battle for the White House and Congress.
On Wednesday, White House officials summoned dozens of leaders of nonprofit organizations that strongly back the health law to help them coordinate plans for a prayer vigil, press conferences and other events outside the court when justices hear arguments for three days beginning March 26.
And you thought the President was a Constitutional law scholar. Wrong--he's a Chicago ward heeler promoted beyond his level of competence.
(via reader Doug J.)
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http://nooilforpacifists.blogspot.com/2012/03/anti-constitutional.html
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The Washington Post recently reported that 65 percent of Americans support a temporary halt to almost all immigration during the coronavirus outbreak, while only 34 percent oppose it. That poll came out when President Trump did a Presidential proclamation Suspended entry of most new immigrants outside the US for at least 60 days and placed a 30-day review to recommend new restrictions on temporary visa holders. Many of those who learned of the proclamation expected that it would likely be expanded.
Then, on April 27th, 2020, Radio interview with radio host Brian Kilmeade, incumbent Homeland Security Secretary Chad Wolf, pointed out that the use of the optional internship by foreign students was an administrative problem. Stuart Anderson, a Forbes Senior Contributor, later quoted Wolf as saying, “Again, we will have a number of recommendations that we will make up for, and some of them might include students with what we call. . . OPT and CPT, optional hands-on training, and many of them are used by Chinese students who could potentially stay and work here. So, yes, it’s a concern that the department also emphasizes. “
On May 11, 2020, four influential U.S. Senators also called for a suspension of work permits for postgraduate OPT students in the U.S. United States. Senator Tom Cotton, R-Ark., And three of his colleagues wrote to President Trump urging him to suspend the OPT program. “While the merits of such a program are debatable, there is certainly no reason to allow foreign students to stay three more years just to take jobs that would otherwise fall to unemployed Americans when our economy recovers,” they said.
For international students studying in the United States, what is written is clearly on the wall. President Trump’s America First policy has made it difficult for them, and the path from F-1 student visa to H1B visa worker to permanent residence is not an easy one. So if America closes the door to international students, what other options do they have?
Well Australia is number two on the demanded countries list. But think about it – Australia is the English speaking Argentina of the world – it’s just so far from everything else. Number three, however, is Canada’s international student program, which is pretty close and attractive.
Canada has the third largest international student population in the world, with over 642,000 such students. In fact, 15,015 American students were studying in Canada in 2019, making Americans the sixth largest foreign student population by country of citizenship.
According to the Canadian Bureau for International Education (CBIE), studying in Canada offers important benefits to international students, including:
1. The quality of the Canadian education system,
2. Canada’s reputation as a tolerant and non-discriminatory society
3. Canada’s reputation as a safe country.
In addition, there are other considerations such as:
- Affordability – especially for Americans as the Canadian dollar is much lower.
- English at most Canadian universities
- Access to a robust job market that requires young talent
- Possibility to apply for study and work permits at the port of entry
- Path to Canadian permanent residence through post graduate work permit.
Of these benefits, for most international students, post graduate work permits are a crucial feature of studying in Canada. Many of them in Canada will soon be applying for post graduate work permits when the final year of school in Canadian universities ends.
I spoke to Parveen Sehra, a Canadian immigration attorney who works in the student visa field, about the Canadian program. She said, “The post graduate work permit has two main advantages. First, this is a permanent work permit – meaning students can stay in Canada with no job offer after graduation while they look for work opportunities. Second, students can use their professional experience to add points to the permanent resident system in the Express Entry – Canadian Experience Class. Most international students are competitive candidates for permanent residence once they have work experience and a Canadian degree. In addition, US students who have a good command of English and fall into the 20-29 age group will receive the maximum number of points in the Comprehensive Ranking System (CRS) of Immigration Refugee and Citizenship Canada. “
Students are only eligible for one postgraduate work permit in their lifetime, but the work permit can be used anywhere in Canada. They are not limited to the province in which they completed their program. Unlike most other foreigners, US citizenship students can apply for postgraduate work permits at the border. This significantly shortens the waiting time for obtaining a work permit, which for other students can take four to five months.
Eligibility and length of stay
The postgraduate work permit enables Canada to attract and retain young talent – this is vital to the economy given Canada’s aging population. Regarding the eligible applicants, Serha explains: “The students must have completed full-time studies, with the exception of the last semester in which they can study part-time. The definition of full-time is defined by each Designated Learning Institute (DLI) and is usually based on the number of hours of classes per week.
A postgraduate work permit can last at least eight months and a maximum of three years, depending on the duration of the study. For example, a four-year undergraduate student may be eligible for a three-year postgraduate work permit. The cost of a postgraduate work permit is $ 255-155 for the work permit fee and $ 100 for the open work permit holder fee.
Regarding Americans, Serha noted, “US students consistently excel in the Canadian job market. Canada’s current immigration policy offers US students significant benefits that they should consider when choosing their post-secondary study location. “
However, it should be noted that Canada has also been hit hard by the coronavirus pandemic, and this has also been shown in the economic arena. Undoubtedly, Canada’s appetite for immigration has also been dampened by job losses and Canadians’ economic hardship encountered. What is even more worrying is the recent shrinking of jobs for students graduation. There is no doubt that Canada will be hit hard by a drop in enrollments next year, and that in turn will be a large part of the $ 22 billion in revenue the country generates each year from international students studying there. Nevertheless, the attitude towards international students in Canada is more favorable than in the USA. In addition, as in the US, college education in Canada is increasingly being conducted online. For these reasons, Canada’s policy in international student recruitment is expected to improve compared to the United States as things normalize about the pandemic.
This is all the more true when Canada announced on May 14, 2020 that online courses do not normally count towards the study requirement for a post graduate work permit application, but are now allowed in light of coronavirus-related travel disruptions around the world now international students too learn online abroad and still be entitles to apply for a work permit according to permit Graduation.
New international students can begin their programs online at a Canadian college in Fall 2020 and complete up to 50 percent of the course abroad, and can still get post graduate work permits after graduation to work in Canada.
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THE ROLE OF INFORMATION IN AGRICULTURAL MARKETING DECISIONS; USING VIRGINIA'S SOFT RED WINTER WHEAT, GRAIN SORGHUM AND BARLEY, AND COTTON MARKETS TO ILLUSTRATE THREE DIFFERENT ASPECTS
MetadataShow full item record
Carrie M. Kennedy
Participants in the agricultural marketing system include commodity producers, grain elevators, feed processors, flour millers, bakers, exporters, and retail outlets. Every firm in the marketing system is concerned with creating expectations regarding supply, demand, quality, and price in the physical market. The role of market information plays in the agricultural marketing system is considered in the three chapters of this thesis. Chapters 1 and 2 were completed with financial support from the Virginia Small Grains Board and the Virginia Agricultural Council.
The futures market is used by a number of firms, private and public, to create price expectations. Firms rely on the futures market to provide market signals and manage risk. Chapter 1 examines what might happen in the soft red winter wheat marketing system if the price signals from the futures market become less accurate because Federal grades fail to account for all of the grain characteristics desired by millers and bakers.
Expected returns from competing crops are a factor in a producer's decision-making process. Chapter 2 examines the role first-level handlers play in expanding the market share of grain sorghum and barley in Virginia. The objective of the first-level handler survey was to determine if factors, such as limited market information, prevented the expansion of the grain sorghum and barley markets. Contrary to a priori expectations that price risk would be the limiting factor, results showed that inconsistent local supply was the main barrier to the expansion of grain sorghum and barley.
Chapter 3 is an example of a pricing guide written for Virginia cotton producers. It uses a balance sheet approach, which illustrates how information regarding the cotton crop can be translated into price expectations.
- Masters Theses
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Teeth straightening can improve the appearance and function of your teeth. Treatment usually requires wearing a fixed or removable dental appliance to correct issues such as crooked or crowded teeth. This area of dentistry is known as orthodontics, and patients of any age can benefit from the treatment.
Orthodontic treatment makes the teeth straighter, making it easier to clean the teeth and prevent oral issues that may cause tooth loss. It can also make eating more comfortable and reduce the risk of having jaw-related issues significantly. With plenty of orthodontic devices available, it is easy to find a treatment that suits your condition.
Teeth straightening is designed to correct misalignments or malocclusion. Malocclusion means that the teeth are unevenly spaced or improperly arranged. Cases of malocclusion include:
- Overcrowded teeth or excess space between the teeth
- Overbite, when the upper teeth extend far forward over the lower teeth when the mouth is closed
- Underbite, when the lower teeth extend beyond the upper row teeth
- Improper bite, when the upper and lower teeth fail to meet properly when the jaw closes
Orthodontic treatment can enhance the position of the teeth, thus improving their outlook and performance. Since teeth crowding makes oral hygiene harder, orthodontic treatment may help lower the chances of tooth decay and gum disease.
Orthodontic devices available for teeth straightening include braces and aligners. A brace works by gradually moving the teeth to their proper position using gentle force provided by the wires and brackets. Braces have to be worn from six months to over two years depending on the severity of the malocclusion. You will have to visit the dentist every four to 10 weeks to check up on the device and for necessary adjustments.
Anyone can enjoy the benefits of teeth straightening using orthodontics. Most people undergo orthodontic treatment in their early years, after the baby teeth have completely emerged. However, more adults are seeking treatment to adjust their smile, especially now that there are discreet and removable orthodontic devices available.
If your teeth are in misalignment, you should book an appointment with the orthodontist for an evaluation. This will ensure that you get the most suitable treatment for your condition.
Preparing for teeth straightening
Before commencing the teeth straightening treatment, the dentist will perform a comprehensive assessment. This may require examining the teeth and taking X-ray scans to recommend the proper treatment. For instance, tooth extraction may be necessary to create space in the mouth.
The examination also entails checking if your oral health is good enough for orthodontics. Teeth straightening is not often recommended if you have inflamed or decayed teeth. Excellent oral hygiene is also crucial for treatment because it reduces the risk of oral health complications during treatment.
You may notice a bit of pain and soreness after getting braces, and it may take a while to get used to having orthodontic devices in your mouth. The dentist may recommend over-the-counter painkillers to deal with the pain. It is essential that you stay committed to teeth straightening procedure to get the best results.
Check out what others are saying about our services on Yelp: Read our Yelp reviews.
Cavities are tiny holes that form on teeth due to decay. A dental filling is the standard way to address cavities. Silver amalgam fillings were the norm for decades, but composite …
Gum disease affects more than half of all adults in the United States, according to the International Journal of Health Sciences, and there are different forms of the condition. Gum disease …
A porcelain dental crown is beautiful and luminescent and reflects light just enough to look like a natural tooth. Although porcelain crowns look natural, they are, in fact, artificial. Crowns can be …
Going through an Invisalign® treatment means wearing the clear aligners for 20-22 hours each day. This will happen for two weeks before a new set of aligners comes in. Removing the aligners …
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Safe Scrub ST from Birchwood Technologies is specifically formulated to remove oil and surface soils on metals prior to finishing. The biodegradable liquid cleaner emulsifies the oil from iron and steel parts, and then holds the oil residues in solution to prevent them from re-depositing on the parts. Designed for medium to heavy-duty soak tank cleaning, Safe Scrub ST mixes easily with water and operates at temperatures of 120 to 180°F. When the solution is allowed to cool, much of the emulsified oil will float to the surface, enabling removal with an oil skimmer or coalescing filter. The cleaner is free-rinsing in cold water, providing waterbreak-free surfaces that are receptive to subsequent coating and finishing operations.
Safe Scrub ST can effectively remove mineral oil, grinding coolant, drawing/stamping lubes and hydraulic oils, as well as water-soluble/synthetic fluids. It can be used as stand-alone cleaner after metalworking operations or as a pre-cleaner prior to finishing operations such as black oxide coating or phosphating.blog comments powered by Disqus
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://www.pfonline.com/products/birchwood-liquid-cleaner-removes-oil-from-metal-prior-to-finishing
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If our school year is approximately 180 days long, and we multiply that by the five years my students have been in school (kindergarten, first grade, second grade, third grade, and fourth grade), at the end of fourth grade they’ve been in school for 900 days. So that means that on the 100th day of fifth grade they are celebrating their 1000th day of school!
I decided to center our celebration around the number 1000. Mid-morning I mixed up a snack stew. In the stew were 100 each of 10 different ingredients. There were things like animal crackers, marshmallows, cheese crackers, pretzels, and conversation hearts. Yum. Throughout the day we jumped for joy in ten sets of 100 jumps. Whew! Students answered questions such as, “How old will you be in 1000 days? 1000 months? What are the factors of 1000?”
Take a peek and just see how much fun we had!
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Radko Tichavsky is a Czech born Mexican Agrohomeopath. He is a co-founder and director of Instituto Comenius in Mexico and author of Handbook of Agrohomeopathy, 2007 (Spanish) and Homeopathy for Plants, 2009 (Spanish) and creator and teacher of Holohomeopathy.
Radko Tichavskyi is now offering a one semester virtual course in Agrohomeopathy (in English). You can learn how to define and analyze holons and how to repertorize the specific homeopathic treatment beyond just disease or pest names. You can find out more here: www.icomenius.edu.mx
A Materia Medica and Repertory for Plants: Mark Moodie hosts the website “Considera”, which provides a growing M.M and Repertory for plants and discusses resources for biodynamics and Agrohomeopathy .The website allows the world community to contribute their experiences in planting. http://considera.org/hrxmatmed.htm
One of the Areca palms on my balcony has black spots on the leaves and doesn’t flourish well. What can I do to fix it?
The Areca palms hardly flower in pots (but it is not impossible). The flowering depends on the vital conditions of the plant. It requires well drained soil (50% composite and 50% fine sand, with good drainage), conditions without air passing through (which is not probably observed in the balcony). I suggest moving the plant to a less exposed place, with access to good luminosity, for example near the window, although the plant tolerates direct sunlight, the ideal is semi-shade. The Areca palm is very sensitive to excess calcium in soil and the water, which causes deficiencies of other nutrients, Manganese and Iron typically. To water the plant you can use rainwater or demineralised water ideally. Irrigation can be done three times a week and you can use a nebulizer. In the winter you have to diminish the watering a little. The homeopathic treatment in winter should be applied foliarly and in the summer mainly on the soil. The plant usually blooms during the summer, and to induce flowering use Phosphorus 12 CH and Ferrum phosphoricum 12 CH, but it is also important to apply Tilandsia usneoides 12 CH since the plant in its natural environment exchanges the metabolites with the plants of the family of the Bromeliaceas. For the damages observed in the plant in the photo, you can use Silicea terra 12 CH and Ganoderma lucidum 100 CH.[hr]
Dear Radko Tichavsky,
Of late we are observing the severe problem of plant nematodes infection in the
roots of maize, rice and many other crops in our state of Karnataka in India. It is spreading to many other areas very fast. Since it is a soil born problem, chemical control is not effective. It is spreading to new areas very fast due to the movement of contaminated seeds and fodder etc. Are there some homeopathic control or management options for this problem? I look forward for your valuable advice to manage this international problem related to food production
T.K.S. Gowda – Karnataka State, India
Dear T.K.S. Gowda,
Nematode symptoms correspond in the holon to very specific problems of toxicity of heavy elements in the soil, and are generally present in clay soils. Farmers generally perceive the nematodes as an enemy of plants, and in fact some of them do damage, but they also have a very important role in the decontamination of the soil.
One of the most important sources of contamination of soils with particles with high atomic weight is industrial sludge used as fertilizers and, above all, artificial synthetic fertilizers. Before worrying about the disappearance of nematodes we should first worry about reducing the toxicity of heavy elements such as cadmium, lead or arsenic in the soil, for example by means of chelators. One of the high efficiency homeopathic chelators is Opuntia ficus-indica 6 CH, but also Aloe vera 6 CH or Baryta carbonica 30 CH. Increasing the content of compost of plant origin in soils, abandonment of chemical fertilizers and zero tillage of the soil are practices that help decontaminate the soil of heavy elements. And only after fulfilling these conditions of good practices in the soil, we can apply one of the very important homeopathic remedies in the control of the nematodes, which is Chenopodium album 12 CH, otherwise we would generate a dangerous suppression of symptoms in holon.[hr]
Dear Mr. Tichavsky,
I have planted Papaya plants in my back yard. They have started producing the fruits. Some of them are matured to harvest. Unfortunately some plants are showing the symptoms of viral infections. The growing tip of these plants is very much affected showing yellowing and vein clearing. Growth is reduced with no fruit setting. Do you have any advice to control this disease from spreading to other trees? Is there a homeopathic treatment for cure or control this disease
Looking forward to your help in saving my papaya plants.
With best regards
Dear T.K.S. Gowda,
It´s a pity that you did not send a photo of the crop, which would have helped determine more accurately if the problem is primarily due to the viruses. Some papaya virus infections can be easily confused (even by some experts) with the damage of an Acarus invisible to the eyes, Polyphagptarsonemus latus, which produces symptoms similar to some viral diseases.
The virus in fact must be transmitted by man or by insects, for example by the Empoasca papaya in addition to the mite Polyphagptarsonemus latus and aphids.
The first application to be made is Sulphur 6 CH foliarly applied with Opuntia ficus-indica slime as an adjuvant. The application should be done in the afternoon when there is no strong sun. For the second application, three days later, you can apply Salix babylonica 6 CH, also applied foliarly, alternating with Echinacea purpurrea 100 CH. If you can find the plant Clerodendrum aculeatum you can make mother tincture and dynamize it up to 12 CH potency and apply foliarly.
In the irrigation water you can apply a little slime of Opuntia ficus-indica, mainly as a chelator of high levels of aluminum that is associated wth this symptomatology. Once every two weeks apply Ruta graveolens 6 CH with Opuntia ficus-indica slime as an adjuvant.[hr]
Dear Plant Doctor,
We have a massive problem with the box tree moth (C. Perspectalis). It attacks mainly box trees, and many plants are already dead. People use agrochemicals in double or triple dosage, but I don’t want to. Is there a homeopathic solution to it?
I once applied nosode of the caterpillar in 6CH, but with no positive result.
My location is Dobrich, Bulgaria. Thank you!
The main reason why the nosode of Cydalina perspectalis does not work, is that it is a recently introduced pest (the first European report was in 2006) and the European holon still does not identify its natural enemies. In fact this happens with all the introduced pests. The nosode can have a real repercussion until the new organism introduced is integrated into the holon. In this case, a homeopathic polypharmaceutical composed of Lantana camara (TM made from green seeds), Ricinus communis (TM made from seeds) and Alocacia macrorhiza (TM made from fresh root) in 12 CH can be applied with a little olive oil as adjuvant.
Dear Mr. Tischavsky,
I live in south of France and I grow about 100 olive trees. What can I do against the olive fruit fly? I use pheromone traps, but they are only partially effective.
Dacus oleae, considered a plague, is nothing more than an expression of the imbalance of the holons. You can use Aesculus hippocastannum 12 CH alternated with Vanilla mexicana 12 CH and Ruta graveolens 6 CH, all with a little coconut oil as an adjuvant (300 ml per 1000 liters of homeopathic remedy), sprayed foliarly and also on the soil. It is applied once a week for the first three weeks and then every two to three weeks. Daucus oleae is a polyphagous insect that prefers but does not live exclusively on olive trees.
I suggest suspending the application of pheromones, as they only reduce the pressure of the pest temporarily. Because they attract only males and not females, the insect moves its mating areas to the adjacent areas where it will establish areas of resistance and continue visiting your olives, creating a bifurcated suppression effect on the holon.[hr]
I am from Kerala, India. Thank you for your great suggestions through the ‘plant doctor’ columns. In the Mango Plant it is observed that the new leaves are growing with a cut in the middle of the leaves. I found that a small beetle is cutting leaves as. Less than ten insects can spoil all the new leaves of a medium size mango tree within a day. In the rainy season these insects come frequently whereas in summer days less frequently. Can you please suggest an appropriate homeopathc medicine to overcome this problem?
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A crucial step in the development of the vertebrate visual system is the branching of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons within their target, the superior colliculus/tectum. A major player in this process is the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). However, the molecular basis for the signaling pathways mediating BDNF action is less well understood. As BDNF exerts some of its functions by controlling the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs), we investigated whether miRNAs are also involved in BDNF-mediated retinal axon branching. Here, we demonstrate that the expression pattern of miRNA-132 in the retina is consistent with its involvement in this process, and that BDNF induces the upregulation of miRNA-132 in retinal cultures. Furthermore, in vitro gain-of-function and loss-of-function approaches in retinal cultures reveal that miRNA-132 mediates axon branching downstream of BDNF. A known target of miRNA-132 is the Rho family GTPase-activating protein, p250GAP. We find that p250GAP is expressed in RGC axons and mediates the effects of miRNA-132 in BDNF-induced branching. BDNF treatment or overexpression of miRNA-132 leads to a reduction in p250GAP protein levels in retinal cultures, whereas the overexpression of p250GAP abolishes BDNF-induced branching. Finally, we used a loss-of-function approach to show that miRNA-132 affects the maturation of RGC termination zones in the mouse superior colliculus in vivo, while their topographic targeting remains intact. Together, our data indicate that BDNF promotes RGC axon branching during retinocollicular/tectal map formation via upregulation of miRNA-132, which in turn downregulates p250GAP.
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://devneuro.org/cdn/publications.php?publicationID=3793
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A simple interventional radiology procedure called vertebroplasty is freeing people from the debilitating pain of spinal fractures caused by osteoporosis, restoring the quality of life they knew before the disease weakened their bones.
Often times, once a compression fracture of the spine occurs, a person’s overall health takes a downward spiral. These patients often find relief only by lying still in bed which can lead to increasing weakness, loss of independence and other medical problems.
Main Line Health interventional radiologists can now offer people suffering from this condition an outpatient, non-surgical treatment that relieves their pain within hours.
What causes spinal fractures?
Spinal fractures occur when a weakened vertebra (a bone in the spinal column) collapses. A simple strain, twisting or bending motion, or fall can cause a fracture.
Unlike fractures in other bones which can be “set” with a cast, no such option exists for spinal fractures. Without treatment, it is likely that the fractured vertebra will continue to collapse, leading to increasing spinal deformity—the typical “widow’s hump.”
Approximately 700,000 vertebral or spinal fractures occur each year, usually in people over the age of 60 suffering from osteoporosis. Younger people can also be affected—those whose bones have become fragile due to the long-term use of steroids or other drugs for diseases such as lupus, asthma, and rheumatoid arthritis.
For people with spinal fractures, few treatments until now have been effective. Bed rest and pain medications have been prescribed, but narcotics can cause unwanted side effects. Surgery has been the treatment of last resort because a weakened bone does not support the necessary metal hardware used to stabilize a spine fracture surgically.
Today, vertebroplasty can offer people a safe remedy that is extremely effective in reducing or eliminating the pain caused by spinal fractures. Most people can resume their normal daily activities within hours.
Guided by fluoroscopy (live, continuous X-ray images), the interventional radiologist inserts two needles into the fractured vertebra through which bone cement is injected.
The cement begins to harden within 15 minutes, preventing further vertebral collapse. Pain normally diminishes within hours, sometimes immediately. The outpatient procedure is performed with a local anesthetic, sometimes with mild sedation. It takes about an hour, and the patient can go home in three to four hours. Studies have shown that from 85 to 90 percent of people treated with vertebroplasty will have complete or significant reduction in their pain, usually within 48 hours.
If regaining height of the fractured vertebra is a concern, a variation of vertebroplasty called kyphoplasty is an option, In this procedure, a balloon is inserted into the collapsed vertebral body and inflated, pushing the bones back toward their normal height. Once the balloon is deflated and removed, bone cement is then injected into the cavity created by the balloon to stabilize the bone. Kyphoplasty is usually performed under sedation or general anesthesia, often with an overnight hospital stay.
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://frontdoor.mainlinehealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/treatments/vertebroplasty-and-kyphoplasty
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The GIC Captures Bootleg Fire in Oregon
Wildfires continue to rage across the western U.S. fueled by extreme heat and drought. More than 1.5 million acres have burned across 12 states, and nearly 80% of the nation’s firefighting resources are committed. The GIC is actively monitoring these wildfires and collaborating with its members and emergency agencies to see where hi-res imagery is needed and responding accordingly.
Yesterday our crew captured aerial imagery of populated areas and impacted buildings from the Bootleg Fire near Beatty, Oregon. What started as two fires—Log and Bootleg—has merged into one larger fire covering more than 413,000 acres. At least 160 homes—and hundreds of outbuildings and cars—have been burned in this disaster.
High-resolution ortho imagery from the Bootleg Fire in now published. Aerial imagery from our ongoing Blue Sky captures is also available in this area for before and after comparisons. Please let us know below if you need access to this imagery.
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://gic.org/the-gic-captures-bootleg-fire-in-oregon/
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“The sharing economy is an example of American innovation at its finest. With over 80 million Americans taking advantage of the many e-sharing options, we will work to better understand how this growing sector of our economy works, what it means for consumers and job creators, and what hurdles these businesses are facing across the country,” said Burgess. “This hearing will continue our subcommittee’s review of emerging technologies and the effect these innovations have on consumers, businesses, and our economy.”
We have spent a lot of time looking at the technology tools that are facilitating self-employment. Companies are challenging existing business models and creating exciting opportunities for consumers and entrepreneurs, but we must also be mindful of consequences and make sure that we’re not creating a race to the bottom. The hearing examines issues that impact the sharing economy from state and local regulations, liability insurance, federal regulations, competition with incumbent industries, and the appropriate role for the federal government moving forward.
Jon Lieber of Thumbtack (we just held a webinar with them) and made two key points:
- Marketplaces like Thumbtack empower small businesses in a way that many “on-demand” services don’t. Policymakers should be mindful of these differences, and how these platforms are likely to change going forward.
- Decoupling what have traditionally been thought of as employment benefits from employers would benefit both small businesses and members of the growing (but poorly tracked) contingent workforce.
You can read his full testimony on the future of work.
You can listen to the full hearing on how the sharing economy creates jobs, benefits consumers, and raises policy questions.
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After completing their Master's degree, quite a few students find themselves faced with the question of whether or not it would be wise to continue their education by going on to do a PhD. A doctoral degree (PhD) is the next academic stage after Master's level studies.
A dissertation is a challenging project that requires a great deal of time, energy and perseverance. It is therefore important to think carefully about your motivation to complete a dissertation before deciding to do so. When making your decision, you should take the following criteria into account: your career goals and expectations, your specialist interests and your personal circumstances.
PhD - yes/no
Universities are the only higher education institutions that currently offer the opportunity to complete a PhD. A recognized university Master's degree with good grades is usually a prerequisite for undertaking a PhD. However, a Master's degree from a different type of higher education institution may also be accepted as long as the candidate has appropriate academic qualifications (see -> swissuniversities). It is up to the responsible academic bodies at the university in question to decide who should be accepted on a PhD program. In principle, however, there is no obligation to take on students at doctoral level.
Career goals and expectations
This includes thinking about whether an academic qualification, as obtained by writing a dissertation, is important or even necessary for your future career. If you want to pursue a career in higher education, for example, then a dissertation is absolutely essential. However, research centers outside the university sphere often also require employees to have a PhD.
In addition, the importance of having a PhD is rated differently from one faculty or field of study to the next. The vast majority of students in the Faculty of Medicine graduate with a PhD. A doctoral degree is still an integral part of their professional identity and patients also perceive it as such. In the natural science disciplines, a PhD is often desirable. In fact, a good third of graduates from the Faculty of Science still write a dissertation. The proportion of doctoral students in the other faculties is significantly smaller. In these disciplines, the level of importance attached to a dissertation varies depending on the context.
The decision to write a dissertation should also be geared toward your personal specialist interests. This includes your interest in your chosen topic, for example, as well as how much you enjoy the activities that make up the academic work involved. The writing itself and dealing with texts should come naturally to you. You will also need plenty of motivation to analyze the research questions raised from a theoretical perspective and develop differentiated solutions for dealing with them.
When deciding whether or not to write a dissertation, you should also take your personal circumstances into consideration. For example, would studying for a PhD be compatible with your family situation or leisure activities that are important to you? Would those around you accept and support your decision? And finally, financial aspects also need to be taken into account. Since semester fees for doctoral students are not normally very high, it is worth thinking about whether it is feasible for you to manage for another three to four years on a relatively low income.
Just as the importance of a PhD varies from faculty to faculty, so too do the working conditions of individual doctoral students. Both the time required and the situation in terms of supervision are organized on an individual basis depending on the dissertation topic, the supervisor concerned, and the economic and social working conditions.
Given this diverse range of criteria, the situation for each individual doctoral student is complex right from the start. It is therefore important to take plenty of time to make your decision – there are a lot of different aspects that need to be weighed up. You may find our information and guidance helpful in making your decision.
Counselling / Coaching
Counselling / Coaching
Basic concept, Supervision
Now is the time to find or narrow down a topic area and find a doctoral supervisor for your project. Then you can register as a doctoral student at your chosen university.
Finding a topic and drawing up a basic concept
Students who decide to write a dissertation are usually interested in a particular topic area. You now need to outline this area in more concrete terms, narrow it down to a specific topic and then draw up a basic concept that you can use to support your proposal in your search for a supervisor.
Finding a doctoral supervisor
If you are involved in a research project or work as an assistant to a professorial chair, your employer is usually also your doctoral supervisor. You therefore do not have to look for a suitable supervisor.
If this is not the case, however, you need to actively search for a professor who is willing to supervise your dissertation.
You have a great deal of individual freedom when it comes to choosing a doctoral supervisor. The aim is to find a person who is interested in your dissertation topic and can also provide specialist impetus based on his or her own research activities. Your main supervisor must be a member of the faculty in which you intend to complete your PhD and is usually a professor, although lecturers are also sometimes permitted to supervise dissertations. This supervisor must not be associated with the university where you completed your previous studies, but he or she may be working for another university in Switzerland or abroad.
In addition to your main doctoral supervisor, you will also need a co-supervisor. This may be a member of another university or a professional practitioner, but he or she must have a postdoctoral lecturing qualification. You do not need to have a co-supervisor in place right at the start of your doctoral studies; you can wait to find one until your work has progressed further and you are able to schedule a date for completing your degree.
The nature of the dissertation supervision provided is not regulated across the university as a whole. This varies depending on the preferences of individual supervisors and should be discussed and negotiated with them. It is therefore important to clarify your own requirements before deciding on a particular supervisor:
- What would be my ideal supervision situation?
- Do I prefer working independently or will I need regular reviews to motivate me to write my dissertation?
- How important is it to me to discuss things with other doctoral students?
- Would I be interested in institutionalized opportunities for sharing ideas such as seminars or specialist conferences?
Once you have examined these questions from your own perspective and perhaps discussed them with other students, you will be ready to arrange a meeting with your chosen professor.
In your search for a doctoral supervisor, it is up to you to take the initiative. Most professors are interested in supervising a group of doctoral students, so you will usually find them willing to consider your proposal.
Very few doctoral students are able to fund their PhD privately, for example with help from their parents or partner. Students often finance their studies through employment at the university, part-time work in the non-academic professional world or a personal scholarship. Universities offer doctoral students two types of academic employment: paid assistantships funded by the university or positions in research projects financed through external funding.
Assistants are usually entitled to spend a certain amount of their paid working time on their dissertation project. However, this is not often very feasible in practice, as the work involved in assisting a professorial chair can take up all of an assistant's working hours.
It is important to clarify this situation with your employer. It may be possible to agree, for example, that you will put your own research work on the back burner during the semester but will be allowed to spend more working time on your dissertation between semesters.
Aside from an often heavy workload, assistantships do offer certain advantages: As well as helping doctoral students to integrate themselves into the academic environment and providing access to university infrastructure, getting involved in teaching and research can pave the way for an academic career.
Externally funded positions in research projects
Another popular way of financing a PhD is to take up a paid position in a research project that is funded by external providers (particularly the Swiss National Science Foundation). The funding for these projects is not obtained by the doctoral students themselves, but by the project managers, e.g. professors. Students in this kind of position work on an existing research project and are allowed to devote part of their working time to their dissertation. In addition to project work, these positions sometimes involve participating in university activities such as teaching and administration. In this case, too, it is your employer who will set the conditions under which you will undertake your doctoral studies, so make sure you discuss his or her expectations of your role during your interview.
Externally funded positions offer similar advantages to an assistantship in that they facilitate integration into the academic environment and provide access to university infrastructure. Unlike assistantships, however, a large proportion of your paid working time can be spent on your dissertation, although the level of pay you receive will be lower and your employment contract is likely to be shorter.
Employment within a structured doctoral degree program
In a few rare cases, students have the opportunity to apply for a scholarship awarded by a specific doctoral degree program or a graduate school. The advantage of this is that it is tied in with a structured degree program, but scholarship holders are also often obliged to make an active contribution to the program.
Research projects outside the university
Under certain circumstances, it is possible to complete a PhD dissertation as part of a research project outside the university (within an employment framework). It is worth asking about this. However, as with the other options for undertaking a PhD, your work will still be supervised by a professor at the university.
Personal research projects
Finally, there is also the option of applying for a personal scholarship to fund your own dissertation project. These scholarship are usually provided by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), universities or private foundations. The brochure "Getting your thesis off to a good start – guide for doctoral students" (p. 31-34) offers a helpful overview of the funding options available. (Download: see below under "Further Information")
Writing a dissertation in your free time
If you have a well-paid part-time job outside the university or do not go out to work due to sharing earning responsibilities with your partner, you have the option of completing your dissertation at home in your free time.
Although they offer a high degree of personal freedom, the disadvantage of this and the previous option mentioned is that you have to arrange contact with researchers yourself.
In these cases, it would be useful to choose a doctoral supervisor who provides his or her own infrastructure for doctoral students (e.g. regular meetings with doctoral students to discuss the current status of their work). (Link: see below under "Further Information")
There are both private and institutional advisory services available that can offer you expert support. It is often also useful to set up your own personal opportunities for talking to other people, such as regular meetings with other doctoral students or specific specialist groups.
Ask your doctoral supervisor or staff at the institute or faculty where you are based about other doctoral students. If may be that there is someone who is interested in meeting up with you regularly to share thoughts on the writing process. Talking to people from other fields of study can also provide a great deal of stimulation and motivation, especially with regard to general writing issues, emotional difficulties or problems in your private or professional life.
Discussions with colleagues in your specialist area are a useful way to supplement your interactions with these kinds of peer groups. Graduate schools, writing workshops, PhD workshops, conferences and symposia offer great opportunities to make contacts.
Female doctoral students can also obtain support from the "Mentoring Deutschschweiz" program (see below under "Further information"). This academic mentoring scheme is aimed at postdocs and advanced doctoral students at universities in German-speaking Switzerland, the Università della Svizzera italiana and the research institute EAWAG who are looking to forge an academic career. The program is designed to help you put your skills and expertise into practice, build networks and take advantage of the academic career opportunities available to you.
Counselling Centre Universities of Bern
The Counselling Centre Universities of Bern offers doctoral students at the University of Bern counselling, coaching and support on writing problems, motivational issues or making decisions (e.g. for or against writing a PhD dissertation) and help with clarifying your situation. It runs regular workshops on topics such as dissertations and academic writing.
More information (mainly in German)
Outside the university working environment, HR managers often do not have a clear idea of the kind of special skills academics offer after completing a PhD. An awareness of your personal resources and specific key skills is therefore essential for helping you to make career decisions and present yourself in the best light during job interviews.
Key skills after completing a dissertationn
Ask yourself what skills, strategies and knowledge you will have gained after completing your dissertation. Think about all the things you can do and "translate" these key skills in your job applications in a way that enables people outside the university to understand what resources you could bring to the role in question. In job interviews, it is also an advantage if you can substantiate your skills with concrete examples.
There are various definitions of the term "key skills." One of the most well-known concepts splits these abilities into four categories: technical, personal, methodological and social skills. Although this model is relevant in terms of content, it does not seem differentiated enough to describe the resources offered by PhD graduates. There are also skills that cannot be presented using this model because they cover several categories: "Team skills," for example, would fall under both personal and social skills and could also involve the other two categories depending on the content being discussed.
Key skills are not specifically a measure of employability, or how effectively a person can be deployed in a specific role. They are also not qualifications in the narrower sense of "having specific skills." They are defined more as generalized competences that give people flexible control over the way they deal with different work situations. They are personal strategies that enable people to handle complex professional challenges – i.e. knowledge, abilities and skills that are not related to specific activities either directly or in a limited way.
During the course of writing your dissertation, you will have developed your professional and personal identity and thus gained the ability to take action in complex and unclear situations. You will also have learned how to make independent decisions and make use of resources, be they your own or those available within your environment. These key skills could be described as follows (Source: Chur, D. (2002):
- Active orientation: You are capable of grasping a professional situation to an adequate extent and know what personal resources you have. For example: You are attending your first meeting as part of a new working team. You ask yourself the following questions: What is my role in this meeting? What is expected of me? What am I personally looking to achieve or gain? You are faced with a similarly complex situation when you take part in an assessment as part of a job application process. Where other people are involved, grasping the situation includes assessing social factors. If it is a professional situation you are faced with, it may also involve technical aspects. Active orientation therefore provides a starting point for complex professional activity.
- Target-oriented action: In a professional environment that is constantly changing, it is no longer possible to pursue a linear path toward a specified goal. Target-oriented action requires a high degree of flexibility and the ability to constantly reorientate yourself, respond and continuously acquire new skills and expertise so that you do not lose sight of your own goals. For example: There is a change in the management of your project at work. New requirements are being placed on you. For example, you have to incorporate a new statistical procedure into your data analysis, while also sticking to the schedule for your project.
- Self-regulated learning: This is not just a matter of expanding and enhancing your technical knowledge; you also have to develop your learning abilities themselves. This development process takes place largely independently and is expected from those involved in challenging professional situations. For example: When writing work reports, you know the best method of gaining a general overview of the relevant specialist literature. You have an idea of how to go about drawing up a draft concept, and you are aware that the writing process itself will not be straightforward. You are also capable of dealing with writer's block and have creative techniques, for example, at your disposal to help kick-start the writing process again.
- Communication and cooperation: This involves the ability to get involved in work processes, understand content from other peoples' points of view, tolerate objective differences and discuss them properly, organize your activities within a working group, and accept and assume individual responsibility. You can apply these skills during presentations and technical discussions.
- Specific skills: e.g. time management, leading discussions, project management, etc. as well as coping with stress and pressure.
When preparing an application, make sure that your particular key skills are discernible. Use examples from work situations in practice to describe these skills in job interviews. You may find it easier to define your own key skills by talking about them to other people, perhaps a person from your personal environment or a professional coach.
If you yourself have a clear idea of your specific abilities, this will help you to present them in a convincing way when applying for jobs.
You can also gain a picture of your personal resources by visualizing them, for example in the form of a cluster diagram or mind map. The Counseling Service of the Universities of Bern also offers guidelines on how to draw up a personal skills profile, which may help you to examine and analyze your skills.
Der Weg zum Doktortitel. Strategien für die erfolgreiche Promotion.
Campus Verlag, Frankfurt und New York, 2015 (3. Aufl.)
Kreatives wissenschaftliches Schreiben. Tipps und Tricks gegen Schreibblockaden.
Juventa Verlag, Weinheim und München, 2014 (4. Aufl.)
Stock, Steffen / Schneider, Patricia et al. (Hrsg.)
Erfolgreich promovieren. Ein Ratgeber von Promovierten für Promovierende.
Springer-Verlag, Berlin und Heidelberg 2006
Promotionsplanung und Exposée. Die ersten Schritte auf dem Weg zur Dissertation.
Opladen, Barbara Budrich Verlag, 2014
Der Schreibzeitplan. Zeitmanagement für Schreibende.
Opladen, Barbara Budrich Verlag, 2015
These books can also be borrowed from the library of the Counselling Centre, Erlachstrasse 17, Bern.
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One of the test kites being used to create energy according to a method designed by Nature Technology Systems in Germany makes its first flight. The company -- which partnered with Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering -- said the system it created uses the same principles as wind turbines but is more efficient and environmentally friendly. (Source: Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation IPA)
I picture it as a long oval track. The kite tacks back and forth to maintain the proper thrust vector. It's the ends of the oval that make the problem interesting. Maybe, if the oval were narrow but long, as the generator car enters the curve the kite begins to tack, pulling it into the curve. generator car momentum would finish the direction reversal.
Eight kites, flying in formation, tacking back and forth, that would be an interesting sight to see.
They tested it first on a straight track but further testing will be done on a looped track to see how that works out. Eventually control of the kites will be automated by a computer. I'm sure the kites themselves in the air are a sight to see! Seems like a rather beautiful way to generate energy.
Liz, thanks for covering this--what fun, how elegant, and I like the lower environmental impact of the technology. While most wind turbines don't go as high, the one we wrote about here http://www.designnews.com/document.asp?doc_id=243636 is designed to eventually achieve over 1,000 feet in altitude.
Am I missing something? How could the generator car possibly "loop back" when the kites are pulling in a vector that probably won't vary by more than 45 degrees? Assuming a long narrow oval track at 90 degrees to the wind, on the straight legs of the oval the kites would only be providing a portion of the total force anyway: moving the generator first to the left, say, on the up wind straight leg, then following the wind direction through the first curve, then the kite would have to tack to the right, pulling the generator to the right on the downwind straight leg, then it would get to the next curve, somehow proceed against the kite force and midway through the curve the kite needs to reverse tack to the left, the generator still working against the kite to get back to the straight leg. If this works they've discovered perpetual motion.
I wonder if they've thought about potential aircraft collisions. In Illinois, where I live, it's very easy to spot wind turbines at night because wind farms typically have synchronized red lights that blink on and off at night. Could they do the same with kites?
I didn't want to say anything from an aviation standpoint, because that's something I'm a little biased on. Since the door's been opened, I think it's outrageously dangerous to have a kite above 1000' AGL. Yes, there are antennas that reach that high with nice, bright beacons, and one can assume that the kite would be as well lit, but the problem with a kite is that you have no way of knowing where the aluminum shredding tether is going to be. There was a story similar to this before, and I likened the tethered, airborne windmill to a WWII era barrage balloon, and certainly, the effect to a passing aircraft would be similar.
Excellent points about aircraft concerns. Lights could be one option; however, I'm sure as this system continues to get tested this will be addressed. One easy solution would be to try to put them in areas where there aren't often low-flying craft. Staying far away from airports is an obvious solution to that.
I think the only solution for aircraft concerns would be to ban aircraft from the area entirely. This is especially true since in the US, aviation is moving away from flight paths to routes decided by pilots through GPS tracking.
This is not unprecedented. There are many areas off limits to aircraft already.
It does remind me a bit of barrage balloons during Word War II I read about.
No, mrmikel, most General Aviation flights are still Visual Flight Rules. Commercial Aviation typically flies Instrument Flight Rules and at altitudes that wouldn't cause any problems to this system, but small planes would have real issues.
Very interesting and definately a more aesthetically pleasing energy source! I wonder what their flight ceiling would be and if its regulated...as a model rocket hobbyist, I have been told of the heightened security after 9-11 to include a more restricted flight ceilings. Since this technology is airborne - I wonder if it has to coordinate with the FAA?
Excellent point, Nancy. Since this is just being tested in Germany right now, it remains to be seen if this method comes stateside. I imagine there would be some concerns with air traaffic as well, depending on locations and how high the system can be built.
It might be very similiar to model rocketry protocol - waivers sometimes have to be filed and approved with the FAA and flight patterns have to meet certain criteria. That would probably be a good way to deal with air traffic. We wouldn't want a model rocket crashing through one of those kites!
A close view of the picture shows four lines going to the kite. This might imply that that 4 lines are needed for strength and or redundancy. However, it also implies that the kite would be capable of being directionally controlled (tacking) allowing it to fly in directions not directly downwind. Nothing mandates that a track mounted generator can't store enough power to propel itself while tacking crosswind down a track perpendicular to the wind for the brief period needed to navigate the half loop at the end of an oval track. Then there's the design study needed to show if a figure 8 track (allowing more downwind travel) of a given distance would provide more net power than an oval track with a given diameter at the ends.
Unlike solar farms or windmills which are inherently difficult to look at or follow with the eyes, advertisers could use these kites to place their logos on truly unobstructed billboards, and not cut down any trees in the process. So capitalism could serve environmentalism for a change. And vice versus.
Of course, the kites would have to fly in a public area, but those are the small details. : )
The version of the kite-type system that I saw that made more sense put the turbines up in the kite. The generators could be run as motors to fly up into the wind area, thgen revert to generating power from the high altitude wind. The major problem with this approach was the transmission of the power back to the ground. My suggestion is to use quite high voltage and separate cables for each phase. Then you could have a twenty kilovolt transmission line with fifty feet of separation. It really is an interesting concept, and less complex than flying a kite in circles. I was never able to do that in a sailboat, so why should it be any easier with a kite.
"the faster a kite flies the harder it pulls". Meh. Last I checked, kites were pretty much stationary in the sky and the wind moved past them. This statement makes no sense.
Yes, if you pull in the kite it will pull harder because you are increasing the relative wind speed the kite sees. But a kite is basically a stationary device that provides lift when air moves past it.
It strikes me as they are chasing an awkward way of achieving power with railway tracks and the like.
A far simpler way would be to build the kite so you could dynamically play with the lift and drag, and operate the kite in "cycles". You would set up your kite cable winches to be able to spool the cable in and out, and any necessary braking on the winch drum(s) would be converted to useful energy.
The first part of a cycle would be with the kite flying high, at the desired high altitude, (read: higher wind speeds) but pulled as close in to the winch point as possible. Now, change the kite characteristics to get maximum drag while just maintaining the desired altitude. Begin letting out cable and harvest the energy from the pull of the kite. Depending on the airspace you are allowed to operate your kite in, this may be many thousands of feet downrange.
Once the kite has reached the far end of the cycle, you need to bring it back to the starting point. Presumably, from the data the company has provided, there are lower wind speeds at lower altitudes. Therefore you pilot the kite, again by playing with lift and drag on the kite, to minimize the drag and allow just enough lift to bring it back upwind with your winches, presumably expending less energy than your gained by the wind towing the kite downwind.
Sounds like a cumbersome way to harvest wind energy.
While the Benjamin Franklin kite story is known to just about everyone who went to elementary school in the U.S., it's almost certainly untrue. Franklin wrote an article suggesting a version of the experiment, but he didn't claim to have actually performed it himself -- and if he had done it the way it is usually described, it's unlikely that he would have survived.
That being said, I teach a U.S. citizenship class, and always mention the kite story to my students (along with the story about George Washington and the cherry tree, which is also probably a legend). First, because it's a story that most people who grew up in the U.S. know, and is a part of our popular culture. Second, because Franklin's scientific fame helps explain why he was chosen to be the U.S. diplomat to France during the Revolutionary War, which is what USCIS thinks you ought to know about him.
I always have difficulty with what is and is not practical. Years ago, I thought airbags were the most illogical devices known to man and yet today, they save countless lives each year. This approach to harvesting the wind is definitely unique but as others have mentioned, the concept seems to be laden with complexities that would make the application very unreliable. Obviously a complement to existing power sources, I would imagine a "hit-or-miss" situation at best. Very interesting though and thanks Elizabeth for writing about this one.
Thanks for your comment, bobjengr. I hear what you're saying and think there are a lot of issues with this idea to be solved before it would actually be viable. But if anyone can come up with answers, the Germans can! They are doing remarkable things in wind energy. I guess time will tell.
Great article! I've been working on a documentary exploring whether airborne wind energy technology is a viable alternative energy source for the world to embrace. Please help spread the word on this dynamic and visually stunning documentary:
AWE (Airborne Wind Energy) is a film about a new technology with an exciting future and a surprising past. Inventors worldwide have a goal: Cheaper sustainable energy on a global scale. AWE inventors are driven by the huge potential of the upper atmosphere. Permanently recharging, high speed, high altitude power is an irresistible challenge. The solution is closer than many people dare to dream. Join in, lets explore this enticing and sociable engineering adventure.
Highly regarded engineer and physicist Ransom Stephens speaks with Design News about his extensive science and engineering background, the serious yet funny study of neuroscience, and how one primes their brain for innovation.
Focus on Fundamentals consists of 45-minute on-line classes that cover a host of technologies.
You learn without leaving the comfort of your desk. All classes are taught by subject-matter experts and all are archived.
So if you can't attend live, attend at your convenience.
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What does Gayleen mean?
Gayleen [gayleen] as a name for girls has its root in Hebrew, and the meaning of the name Gayleen is "father of exaltation". Gayleen is an alternate spelling of Gail (Hebrew): short transcription of Abigail.
(female) Garleen, Guleen, ..
(male) Gaygen, .. Middle name pairings:
Gayleen Adaline (G.A.), ..
How popular is Gayleen?
Gayleen is an unusual given name for women. Gayleen is an equally uncommon last name for both adults and children. (2000 U.S. Demographics)
Which version is better?with its source form and related girl names. Popular alternative forms of Gayleen (outside Top 2000) are Gayle, Gaylene, Gayla, Gale, Gaile and Gail. These relations of Gayleen were popular as birth names 7 decades ago (usage of 0.57%), but now, versions like Gayla have become somewhat outmoded. (Top Baby Names, 2015)
Gayleen is alike in pronunciation to Galen and Gaylen. Other suggested similar names are Ayleen▲, Baylee▲, Caileen, Caleen, Carleen, Catleen, Caylee▼, Cayleen, Caylen, Darleen, Earleen, Faeleen, Galena, Galiena, Galliena, Galyena, Glen, Glenn, Harleen, Haylee, Jaeleen, Jakleen, Jasleen, Jaylee▲, Jayleen▲, Kaileen, Kaleen, Karleen, Katleen, Kaylee, Kayleen, Kayleena, Kaylen, Kyleen, Marleen, Mayleen, Myleen, Naydeen, Pauleen, Raeleen, Rayleen, Shayleen and Taleen. These names tend to be more frequently used than Gayleen.See names in meaning and etymology.
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Paul Marks has a fascinating article at The New Scientist about an old example of hacking.
LATE one June afternoon in 1903 a hush fell across an expectant audience in the Royal Institution’s celebrated lecture theatre in London. Before the crowd, the physicist John Ambrose Fleming was adjusting arcane apparatus as he prepared to demonstrate an emerging technological wonder: a long-range wireless communication system developed by his boss, the Italian radio pioneer Guglielmo Marconi. The aim was to showcase publicly for the first time that Morse code messages could be sent wirelessly over long distances. Around 300 miles away, Marconi was preparing to send a signal to London from a clifftop station in Poldhu, Cornwall, UK.
Yet before the demonstration could begin, the apparatus in the lecture theatre began to tap out a message. At first, it spelled out just one word repeated over and over. Then it changed into a facetious poem accusing Marconi of “diddling the public”. Their demonstration had been hacked – and this was more than 100 years before the mischief playing out on the internet today. Who was the Royal Institution hacker? How did the cheeky messages get there? And why?
There are a lot of lessons in this tale of use for us today.
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TDG Online Training Class 6.2 - Ground shipment of biological substances
Air shipment and transportation
Special requirements apply to air shipment and FedEx Express shipments. BIO 105 training will allow you to know the additional requirements for preparing air shipments of biological substances. You must complete BIO 101 course (ground shipment) before taking BIO 105 training.
BIO 101 Online Training Price
1 to 4Participants
5 to 9Participants
10 to 19Participants
Exclusively for an individual who pays for his own training
For organizations that need to purchase one or more training.
The buyer’s account becomes the group manager.
An email address is required for each participant.
To the point TDG Training
This training is particularly suited for shippers for ground transport of biological substances in full compliance with the latest TDGR, IATA and UN Recommendations requirements. This training includes the following topics:
- Laws and regulations pertaining to the transport of dangerous goods;
- Shipper and carrier responsibilities;
- Classification of biological substances (categories A, B and exempt specimens);
- Selection and use of packaging and labelling of packages;
- Transport documents requirements (category A);
- Placarding rules;
- Loading / stowage;
- Accidental release reports;
Why TDG Training
The Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regulations have been in effect in Canada since 1985. These regulations assign specific responsibilities to carriers, handlers and shippers.
Anyone handling, transporting or preparing shipments of dangerous goods must therefore undergo TDG training and obtain a training certificate renewable every three years for ground and 2 years for air transport or upon change of employer.
The candidate who successfully completes the course receives a certificate recognized by the competent authorities (Transport Canada, Transports Québec, SAAQ and the USDoT).
Our TDG courses are targeted on specific subjects in order to allow you to learn the essential concepts for your tasks while avoiding information overload and down time.
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https://formation-enligne.ca/trainings/tdg-online-training-bio-101-ground-shipment-of-biological-substances/
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I’m Michelle Haefele, an economist with The Wilderness Society in Denver. I’m also fourth generation Coloradoan. I grew up hiking and camping in mountains west of home, on our public forests and deserts.
Following the Gulf spill, proponents of the fossil fuel status quo have called for more onshore drilling as a safer alternative to offshore drilling. Don’t let them fool you. Drilling can have devastating environmental impacts for both our waters and our lands.
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Governor Ernie Fletcher’s Communication Office
Governor Fletcher Announces Clean Coal Technology Award to Western Kentucky University
$352,999 grant leverages additional $312,000 to promote mercury research at WKU
FRANKFORT, Ky. – Governor Ernie Fletcher announced today that the Kentucky Office of Energy Policy (KOEP) has awarded the Institute for Combustion Science and Environmental Technology (ISCET) a grant totaling $352,999 for research to tackle emerging environmental issues related to coal-fired generation. The research to be conducted by Dr. Wei-Ping Pan is focused on improving research and development related to mercury emissions.
“One of the primary reasons for Kentucky’s low-cost energy has been our promotion of coal fired generation to produce electricity,” stated Governor Fletcher. “We must ensure that coal remains a viable energy resource for our low cost electricity and therefore must focus on meeting the environmental challenges associated with it.”
Securing this funding from KOEP positioned the Institute for Combustion Science and Environmental Technology to pursue additional funding from other energy partners. ICSET is receiving an additional $312,000 from an array of other partners which include East Kentucky Power Cooperatives, the Tennessee Valley Authority and the Electric Power Research Institute.
“Promoting energy research and development is an important component to Kentucky’s low-cost energy future and a vital component to maintaining our commitment to environmental quality,” stated Governor Fletcher.
Governor Fletcher issued the state’s first comprehensive energy strategy, Kentucky’s Energy – Opportunities for our Future, in February 2005. A central component of Governor Fletcher’s energy strategy was to promote energy research and development at Kentucky’s universities.
“President Bush has recommended additional energy research and development funding in his recent budget.” Governor Fletcher said. “By investing in our universities now we not only are promoting energy research today but also positioning our state’s universities to pursue aggressively federal funding opportunities in the future.”
A copy of the Kentucky’s comprehensive energy strategy can be found at www.energy.ky.gov.
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http://migration.kentucky.gov/newsroom/agovernor/20060223cleancoal.htm
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Out of Minnesota’s 54 million acres of land, there are nearly 17.6 million acres of woods and forests. In other words, approximately 34% of the state is forestland, so it’s no wonder 246 bird species were recorded there.
Aside from the forests, there are also 66 state parks and six national parks, offering enough area for the birds to nest, breed, and migrate.
Out of the 246 bird species in the state, 12 species of owls live and breed in Minnesota’s forests. Here’s a roundup of the owls in Minnesota, their behavior, and their remarkable traits.
- Scientific Name: Asio flammeus
- Length: 13 – 17 inches
- Weight: 7.3 – 16.8 ounces
- Wingspan: 33.5 – 40.5 inches
The Short-eared owl is an elusive creature. It flees from its predators by pretending to be dead, and it sometimes acts crippled to protect its nest. It’s best known for the short ear tufts on its head, hence the naming.
Short-eared owls only spend their breeding season in Minnesota, and they mostly stay in the northern regions. However, some of them spend the whole year in the far south of the state.
- Scientific Name: Asio otus
- Length: 13.8 – 15.8 inches
- Weight: 7.8 – 15.5 ounces
- Wingspan: 35.5 – 39.5 inches
Long-eared owls mainly spend their breeding season in Minnesota, but some of them stay year-round in the state’s south. They aren’t common, but you can catch them if you know where to look.
These owls have long ear tufts on their heads, making them look a bit like Great Horned owls. They have smaller bodies, though.
Your best chance of catching long-eared owls is in heavily forested areas. They also spend most of their time in open areas for hunting.
- Scientific Name: Tyto furcata
- Length: 13 – 15 inches
- Weight: 1 – 1.3 pounds
- Wingspan: 42 – 43.3 inches
Barn owls are the most common in the US, so it’s no wonder they live in Minnesota too. Their numbers are on the increase in the state’s south. Some of them live in the northern regions, but they’re not too common there.
Barn owls live up to their name, nesting in abandoned barns and houses. They also take cover in hollow tree trunks.
You’ll easily recognize these owls, thanks to their distinctive white facial discs. Bear in mind that they’re nocturnal, so catching them during the day is rare.
- Scientific Name: Athene cunicularia
- Length: 8 – 11 inches
- Weight: 5.5 – 8.5 ounces
- Wingspan: 21 – 24 inches
Burrowing owls live in burrows underground abandoned by other animals. Their numbers are declining because of the lack of burrows; they’re unable to live above the ground.
In Minnesota, these owls are mostly near the Western border during their mating season. They migrate to warmer areas when winter comes around.
You won’t find it hard to catch a Burrowing owl. They spend most of their time hunting, even during the day. On top of that, they’re known for appearing in suburban areas, including cemeteries.
- Scientific Name: Strix varia
- Length: 16 – 25 inches
- Weight: 1 – 2.75 pounds
- Wingspan: 38 – 49 inches
When it comes to camouflaging, barred owls have impeccable skills. Their barred bodies help them hide against tree trunks, so any passerby will think they’re a part of the tree.
They mainly do it to escape Great Horned owls, which are their most notorious predator. Sometimes, they even walk up tree trunks to protect themselves.
These owls are among the scariest species, and they have large, intimidating bodies. You’ll want to take care if you come near one.
Barred owls are permanent residents in Minnesota, and they’re spread throughout the whole state. Your best chance at catching them is in forests and woodlands close to water.
- Scientific Name: Bubo scandiacus
- Length: 20.7 – 25 inches
- Weight: 3.3 – 4 pounds
- Wingspan: 47 – 60 inches
Snowy owls are generally uncommon in the US because they prefer arctic areas. However, some of them were sighted in a few states, Minnesota included. Most of the sightings in the state were near the northwest regions.
If you’re lucky enough to see Snowy owls, you’ll stop in your tracks. They have pristine white bodies, covered by some scattered gray spots. As they get older, their bodies get even whiter.
These owls are beautiful but don’t get tricked by their appearances. They’re among the scariest birds on the planet, and they viciously attack animals twice their size.
- Scientific Name: Aegolius funereus
- Length: 9.5 – 11.5 inches
- Weight: 3.5 – 7 ounces
- Wingspan: 22 – 24 inches
Boreal owls have adorable scrunchy faces that make it hard to believe they’re prey birds. Their bodies are small and stocky, and their tails are short. Some of them have streaked bodies, while some of them are spotted.
Boreal owls are non-vocal, so you’ll rarely hear them call out. Your best chance of catching them is by looking in coniferous forests and dense woods.
They’re generally hard to catch because of their mysterious nature. However, they perch low, near the ground, so you may get lucky and catch one of them while it’s looking for prey.
In Minnesota, Boreal owls spend the whole year in the northernmost parts.
Northern Saw-Whet Owl
- Scientific Name: Aegolius acadicus
- Length: 7 – 8.3 inches
- Weight: 2.3 – 5.5 oz
- Wingspan: 16.5 – 19 inches
Northern Saw-Whets are beautiful. They have round yellow eyes surrounded by dark feathers that look like lashes. They’re also exceptionally small, giving them an overall adorable look.
The owls have a brown plumage that helps them camouflage against trees to escape predators.
The small size isn’t the only reason these owls are hard to catch. They’re also secretive by nature, preferring to lay low and not make their presence known. These owls are only active during the night, and they mostly perch on trees in silence.
Saw-whets spend the whole year in Minnesota, scattered across its forests and parks.
Northern Hawk Owl
- Scientific Name: Surnia ulula
- Length: 14.3 – 17.8 inches
- Weight: 12 ounces
- Wingspan: 30 – 35 inches
The Northern hawk owl is one of the rarest species in Minnesota, but you may get lucky. A few sightings of it were recorded near the state’s southern border. They mainly live in Canada’s boreal forests, but they migrate to some states when food gets scarce.
As opposed to most owls, Northern hawk owls aren’t nocturnal. They hunt during the day, so you have a high chance of catching them under the sunlight. One of the reasons they do that is their poor hearing. They depend majorly on their sight for hunting.
Great Horned Owl
- Scientific Name: Bubo virginianus
- Length: 17 – 25 inches
- Weight: 2.5 – 4 pounds
- Wingspan: 36 – 60 inches
Great Horned owls are notorious prey birds. They have long ear tufts that give them a demonic appearance, and their large size makes them even more intimidating.
They’re known for feeding on fellow species and other prey birds. In fact, they’re partially the reason barred owls’ numbers are declining; because they feed on their populations.
Great Horned owls are pretty common in the US, and they’re spread throughout Minnesota. You can see them in any open or heavily-forested area. They like to make their presence known, so it won’t be challenging to see one of them.
Great Gray Owl
- Scientific Name: Strix nebulosa
- Length: 25 – 33 inches
- Weight: 1.5 – 4 pounds
- Wingspan: 60 inches
Great Gray owls are far from pretty. As a matter of fact, they’re known for their scary faces and exceptionally large bodies. They’re the largest owl species in North America, and they have an aggressive nature.
Unlike Great Horned owls, Great Grays don’t like attention, so they tend to be elusive to avoid being seen. They spend most of their time in dense pine forests, and you may find them in meadows. They’ll mostly be in areas away from humans.
Great Gray owls stay in Minnesota outside of their mating season. They only stay in the northern half of the state.
Eastern Screech Owl
- Scientific Name: Megascops asio
- Length: 6.3 – 9.8 inches
- Weight: 4.2 – 8.6 oz
- Wingspan: 18 – 24 inches
Eastern Screech owls have short, stocky bodies, and they don’t have visible necks. They’re easily identified by the fake ear tufts on their heads. Their real ears are on the side, paralleling their eye line. They mostly use their fake tufts to communicate with other owls.
These owls spend most of their time in wooded areas. They stay in Minnesota for the entire year, but they only stay within the Southern regions.
You’ll have to focus pretty well to catch eastern screech owls. They’re excellent at hiding, and their mottled feathers allow them to blend with the tree trunks.
Your chances of catching owls in Minnesota are pretty high, thanks to the large numbers of the prey birds in the state. Out of the 12 species, you’ll definitely run across at least two or three breeds.
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.wildbirdscoop.com/minnesota-owls.html
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Pupils from King’s Hall School wore their finest jeans recently in support of the nationwide Jeans for Genes campaign.
Jeans for Genes is an annual fundraising campaign for Genetic Disorders UK, the national charity that supports individuals and families affected by a genetic disorder.
Money raised on the day helps to fund the work of the charity and provides grants to organisations that transform the lives of children living with such disorders.
This year, King’s Hall was pleased to support the initiative, with pupils donating £2 in exchange for a fun-packed day of denim fun. Year 6 pupil Grace, who raised the campaign at a school Pupil Council meeting last year, helped to organise the event alongside Pupil Council Co-ordinator, Karen Foster. Karen said: “By getting everyone to dress down, we have been able to help fund vital projects including nursing care, activity weekends, and online support and counselling services.”
The school are now delighted to announce that through the generosity of staff and pupils, a total of £353.51 has been raised for the deserving charity.
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https://woodardschools.co.uk/kings-hall-pupils-raise-money-for-genetic-disorders/
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A series of new laws with a national security focus were drafted or enacted that presented grave dangers to human rights. The government launched a massive nationwide crackdown against human rights lawyers. Other activists and human rights defenders continued to be systematically subjected to harassment and intimidation. Five women’s rights activists were detained for planning to mark International Women’s Day with a campaign against sexual harassment. Authorities stepped up their controls over the internet, mass media and academia. Televised “confessions” of critics detained for investigation multiplied. Freedom of religion continued to be systematically stifled. The government continued its campaign to demolish churches and take down Christian crosses in Zhejiang province. In the predominantly Muslim Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region, the regional government enacted new regulations to more tightly control religious affairs and ban all unauthorized religious practice. The government maintained extensive controls over Tibetan Buddhist monasteries. The UN Committee against Torture regretted that previous recommendations had not been implemented.
Death penalty status
Retains the death penalty in law
Analysis, opinion, personal stories and more.
Reports, briefings, urgent actions and UN submissions
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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https://www.amnesty.org/en/countries/asia-and-the-pacific/china/
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| 0.937203
| 227
| 2.046875
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As a tax professional with a diverse group of clients and tax issues, why is it important that you understand how the IRS is organized and how its personnel are selected?
Answer to relevant QuestionsIn each of the following cases, distinguish between the terms. a. Offer in compromise and closing agreement. b. Failure to file and failure to pay. c. 90-day letter and 30-day letter. d. Negligence and fraud. e. Criminal and ...Alexi files her tax return 20 days after the due date. Along with the return, she remits a check for $3,000, which is the balance of the tax she owes. Disregarding any interest liabilities, compute Alexi's total penalties ...Blake, a cash basis, calendar year taxpayer, filed his Federal income tax return 48 days after the due date. Blake never extended his return, and he paid the taxes that were due when he filed the return. What penalty will ...Kaitlin donated a painting to the local art museum. As she is subject to a 35% marginal tax rate, she needs a large charitable contribution deduction for the year. She engaged Vargas (who was referred to her by the staff of ...Christie is the preparer of the Form 1120 for Yostern Corporation. On the return, Yostern claimed a deduction that the IRS later disallowed on audit. Compute the tax preparer penalty that could be assessed against Christie ...
Post your question
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<urn:uuid:f4e61d7b-f7e6-4f3c-aa8a-a77fdc3ff32a>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://www.solutioninn.com/as-a-tax-professional-with-a-diverse-group-of-clients
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| 0.968348
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For as little as $2, visitors will get an all-access virtual pass to Uganda’s Bwindi/Mgahinga Conservation areas, home to more than 50 percent of the world’s remaining mountain gorillas.
They can then follow the gorilla’s daily excursions and family migrations through virtual trekking, celebrate their birthdays and new births, and receive updates from the rangers who know and protect the animals. One can follow as many gorilla families as they wish, with subscriptions going towards protecting the gorillas and the surrounding communities.
The initiative is by My Gorilla Family, that was launched recently by RoundBob and The Naturalist, two Ugandan conservation enterprises working with Uganda Wildlife Authority, using technology to create sustainable sources of non-trekking revenues to fund conservation. The initiative aims to protect Uganda’s mountain gorilla population.
Fidelis Kanyamunyu a reformed poacher, honorary wildlife officer with Uganda Wildlife Authority, and co-founder of Home of the Gorillas, came up with the idea.
“As a child, I went hunting in the forest and grew into a poacher when the conservation areas were carved out,” Kanyamunyu said. “I am now known as an advocate for conservation and continue to champion community awareness.”
David Gonahasa, the co-founder of Home of the Gorillas said that in addition to the subscription-based application My Gorilla Family, the initiative will launch the first conservation limited NFT collection linked to the 200 habituated individual mountain gorillas in the wild.
The mountain gorilla found only in Uganda, Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo remains an endangered species.
The global population of gorillas stands at 1,063, with Uganda being home to over 50 per cent in its Bwindi and Mgahinga national parks.
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https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/subscribe-to-save-uganda-mountain-gorillas-3822196
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en
| 0.94434
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| 2
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Graphene nanomeshes (GNMs) with nanoscale periodic or quasi-periodic nanoholes have attracted considerable interest because of unique features such as their open energy band gap, enlarged specific surface area, and high optical transmittance. These features are useful for applications in semiconducting devices, photocatalysis, sensors, and energy-related systems. Here, we report on the facile and scalable preparation of multifunctional micron-scale GNMs with high-density of nanoperforations by catalytic carbon gasification. The catalytic carbon gasification process induces selective decomposition on the graphene adjacent to the metal catalyst, thus forming nanoperforations. The pore size, pore density distribution, and neck size of the GNMs can be controlled by adjusting the size and fraction of the metal oxide on graphene. The fabricated GNM electrodes exhibit superior electrochemical properties for supercapacitor (ultracapacitor) applications, including exceptionally high capacitance (253 F g-1 at 1 A g-1) and high rate capability (212 F g-1 at 100 A g-1) with excellent cycle stability (91% of the initial capacitance after 50000 charge/discharge cycles). Further, the edge-enriched structure of GNMs plays an important role in achieving edge-selected and high-level nitrogen doping.
Bibliographical noteFunding Information:
This work was supported by Energy Efficiency & Resources program of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation Planning (KETEP), and was granted financial resources from the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy, Republic of Korea (No. 20122010100140) and (No. 20152020105770). This research was supported by a grant from the Technology Development Program for Strategic Core Materials funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy, Republic of Korea (Project No. 10047758). This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (2015R1A2A2A03006633). This work was supported by a grant from the Fundamental R&D program and funded by the Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology (KICET) and Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE), Republic of Korea. This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2015R1A6A3A03018844). The work performed at the Brookhaven National Laboratory was supported by the Assistant Secretary for the Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office, Vehicle Technology, of the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE), under contract no. DE-SC0012704. Canadian Light Source is supported by the Canada Foundation for Innovation, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), the University of Saskatchewan, the Government of Saskatchewan, Western Economic Diversification Canada, the National Research Council Canada, and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. We greatly thank the kind help from Dr. Tom Regier, beamline scientist at the SGM beamline at the CLS.
© 2016 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Environmental Chemistry
- Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
- Nuclear Energy and Engineering
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<urn:uuid:51f9df9f-b4a7-40c6-9cd0-717783cc6700>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://yonsei.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/scalable-fabrication-of-micron-scale-graphene-nanomeshes-for-high
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en
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Improving governance, voice and access to justice in Ghana’s informal settlements
In Ghana, many urban residents have yet to reap the benefit of the country’s democratic stability and recent economic growth. About 40% of the urban population is trapped in poorly planned, overcrowded informal settlements with unsanitary conditions and low access to basic services. Rapid population growth and urbanization risk reversing the country’s progress to date, unless needed interventions are put in place.
Public responses, by local and central governments, have taken the form of criminalization and exclusion, such as the use of forced evictions to clamp down on settlement growth, or a limited focus on more technical elements, like physical infrastructure. In many cases, urban planning and social assistance programs have ignored the plight of slums altogether. Exclusion in informal settlements thus results from a complex interaction between poverty, political inaction, weak planning systems, and lack of recognition of residents’ rights.
Against that backdrop, this action-oriented research project aims to improve voice and access to justice for settlement residents as well as respect for their social and economic rights. Working with the Land Resource Management Centre, a non-governmental organization based in Kumasi, research will be conducted by a multi-disciplinary team of experts in land tenure, law, human rights, social sciences, and urban governance, as well as civil society and informal settlement advocacy groups.
Settlements with three population types have been identified in Accra and Kumasi to enable comparison across contexts: populations largely indigenous to the area, migrants from other regions in Ghana, or a mix of both. The team will take stock of conditions and their causes and identify gaps and opportunities in laws and policies. Building on those efforts, the team will work with settlement residents to develop and test gender-sensitive approaches and engage in targeted and sustained advocacy and policy development.
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<urn:uuid:083cb9d3-056a-4fe2-b88b-ab0be195d02a>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.idrc.ca/es/node/96163
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In September 2009, I stood in a hospital room in Landstuhl, Germany, visiting a U.S. Marine who had been airlifted out of Afghanistan. He was 19. He was missing two limbs and had patches over his stomach and eyes. Our team traveling the area of operations tried to be positive, knowing the situation was grim. In wartime, we expect casualties. But one thing we are also certain of: Leaders will do their best to take care of those they lead and to keep their troops alive. They will leave no one behind. Anyone who fails to do this can expect to be relieved. What we do not expect is that back home, people will be left behind by our own elected and appointed leaders during times of crisis and when lives are at stake. Early in the evening of Feb. 16, four days into below-freezing temperatures and nearly three days into loss of electricity and water, the situation at Fair Avenue Apartments was critical. The property is owned and managed by the San Antonio Housing Authority, or SAHA, and by any person\u2019s observations, the residents of this facility, all senior citizens and disabled, had been left behind. They are people in wheelchairs and walkers, people on oxygen and with diabetes, some with limited food because they rely on food that was not delivered that week. People huddled in the lobby. The 11-story building was dark and freezing, and people were suffering. Some cried. They had been left to fend for themselves. It was not the only facility in this situation. By luck, awareness via social media, and the actions of city residents and a handful of elected officials, help came to the people of Fair Avenue and other properties. They were evacuated to warming shelters that weren\u2019t stood up until the fourth day. While local leaders were not responsible for outages, they are responsible for the planning, preparation and response in any crisis. Yet it felt as though this was the first time we had ever encountered an emergency. Communication with the public was nearly nonexistent, information was pushed late, 311 was undermanned, and there seemed to be no sense of urgency to ensure the safety of some of our most vulnerable neighbors. Unified communications and command and control were nonexistent, as was evident by the few elected offices that were operating independently, some augmenting the work of nonprofits and everyday citizens who stepped up to fill the void. We know the state failed. Our county and city leadership failed as well. While no one knew the extent of power outages the region would experience, everyone knew extreme temperatures were coming, and that could be deadly for our most vulnerable. Notably, those who serve the homeless were well-prepared, organized and communicated effectively. Residents across the county were affected, and it was impossible to address the needs of every individual. But when dense populations of the most vulnerable are known, it is imperative that rapid actions take place. It is the duty of leaders to be present, act decisively and assure the public there is a plan and work is being done to get everyone through the crisis safely \u2014 not to blame other bureaucracies. Unfortunately, no one locally has taken any responsibility. Greater recognition of weaknesses and less self-congratulation serve the public far better. While no one wants to armchair quarterback, some obvious and timely actions could have been taken, and these need to be outlined during a comprehensive, independent review of the city and county response. The recently formed committee to review the response is comprised primarily of former and current City Council members, with no emergency response expertise. Further, this group is tasked with evaluating themselves and agencies in which the mayor and City Council hold a board position or to which they have political appointees. This is counterintuitive. It is during times of crisis, chaos and uncertainty that we need leadership the most. Real leaders accept responsibility for what is in their control and take meaningful action to address system failures. Anything less dishonors those we lost. Queta Rodriguez is a retired Marine captain and regional director for FourBlock, a national nonprofit that provides a career-readiness program for veterans.
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My mind has been focused on a topic that doesn’t interest most people, that of the ancient world. I suppose most people don’t see it as all that relevant to their lives. But to me it is one of the most important things in the world. It’s about who we are, how we became this way, and what potential we have to be otherwise. Besides, it’s just fascinating. I can’t understand how anyone couldn’t be fascinated by it.
There is something truly strange about the ancient world. And it speaks to something truly strange about our present human nature and society. We have so little understanding of ourselves. We go about blindly, ignorant of our ignorance, like a bunch of busy ants who have no clue what they’re doing other than the narrowly focused activity of gathering food or moving a grain of sand. That is the human swarm, mostly mindless on the individual level and yet capable of great things as a collective, relationships upon relationships forming a networked whole that is greater than the sum of its parts.
Yet when we look back in time, it began at a much simpler level. It seems that a relatively small number of changes happened that made possible everything that followed. There is much speculation about what these changes were, what caused them, and what significance they had. But it still largely remains a mystery.
This is important. It’s not just academic curiosity. If we don’t come to terms with our past and the present that it has led to, we may not have a future as a civilization or even as a species. I don’t think that is an exaggeration. How we understand our past, accurately or not, will determine what choices we see and don’t see. So, by projecting our present mentality onto the past and hence into the future, we will create a self-fulfilling prophecy. We will likely find ourselves unable to make the necessary changes for continued survival, as long as we don’t understand how humanity changed in the past.
I get the sense that few people genuinely believe that humans have much potential for being other than we presently are. You can see that in how people act, in their politics and their everyday lives. Most find it extremely difficult to imagine either a past that was or a future that might be radically different. It is simply incomprehensible to them.
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From: The News (PK):
Calories, carbon dioxide could save lives
America’s obesity epidemic and global warming might not seem to have much in common. But public health experts suggest people can attack them both by cutting calories and carbon dioxide at the same time. How? They advise that people get out of their cars and walk or bike half an hour a day instead of driving. And also they suggest eating less red meat.
That’s how Americans can simultaneously save the planet and their health, say doctors and climate scientists. One numbers-crunching scientist calculates that if all Americans between 10 and 74 walked just half an hour a day instead of driving, they would cut the annual US emissions of carbon dioxide by 64 million tons.
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Rusty pieces of metal are important artifacts too! In 2013, when archeologists conducted a metal detector survey at Camp Monticello, a World War II Italian prisoner of war (PoW) camp in southeast Arkansas, they recovered lots of nails, hinges, and metal fragments. In the lab, they cleaned, counted, and catalogued those 20th century artifacts. When Dr. Barnes, the ARAS-UAM Research Station archeologist, cleaned this piece of galvanized metal, she thought, “yay, another piece of rusty metal!” But once the artifact was clean, she noticed the etchings that a prisoner of war carved into it. This scrap of metal tells a story of a PoW’s creativity during war. It is also an important reminder of the importance of sites like Camp Monticello for understanding Home Front Heritage in Arkansas and the United States.
Camp Monticello: A World War II Prisoner of War Camp
Home Front Heritage includes the places and landscapes of wartime mobilization that occurred in the United States between 1939 and 1945. Arkansas played an important role in World War II and the state has a unique Home Front Heritage. Not only did the state provide timber for war construction, they housed enemy prisoners of war and Japanese American internees. Initially, two facilities were constructed to house German PoWs (Fort Chaffee, near Fort Smith, and Camp Robinson, near Little Rock) and one (Camp Monticello) for Italians. There were also a number of smaller branch work camps located around the state. These camps were among about 125 main camps and 425 smaller branch camps for PoWs located across the country, as the early 1940s witnessed the unprecedented detention of an estimated 650,000 persons. Two Japanese American Internment Camps were also established in Arkansas—Rohwer and Jerome. In 1944, Jerome was closed and the Japanese American internees were transferred to Rohwer and other camps across the country. Jerome was then converted into a German PoW camp, and renamed Camp Dermott, becoming the third facility for German PoWs.
Archeologists are increasingly conducting research on PoW camps, internment centers, and their inmates. Michael R. Waters initiated the first investigation of a prisoner of war camp at Camp Hearne in Texas. Since then archeological research on internment has focused on the ways that the spatial arrangement, architecture, and material culture of such sites were structured according to the central principles of surveillance, discipline, and control, the everyday routines and work of PoWs, maintenance of individual and cultural identities, everyday resistance, and camp construction.
Today, Camp Monticello is located in an experimental forest owned by the University of Arkansas at Monticello. The buildings are gone, but old road beds and building foundations remain. Archival research was conducted at the UAM Library, the Drew County Historical Society, the Arkansas History Commission and State Archives, Special Collections at the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville, and the National Archives in College Park, Maryland. This resulted in newspaper articles, a number of site survey, labor, and camp inspection reports, letters regarding the transfer of PoWs to and from Camp Monticello, menus, and clothing and equipment records. Arkansas Archeological Survey staff, students, and volunteers with the Arkansas Archeological Society helped with the total station mapping and the metal detector survey of the Officer’s Compound and one of the enlisted men’s compounds. In addition to the galvanized metal fragment, nails, tacks with the tarpaper still attached, hinges, springs for doors, buttons, buckles, cologne or hair tonic bottles, toothpaste and shaving cream tubes, and a U.S. issued identification tag were recovered. These artifacts as well as the features on the landscape provide information about the camp construction and the daily routines of the Italian PoWs.
Creativity at Camp Monticello
In Italy from June 1940 through May 1943, hundreds of thousands of Italians went to war. By the end of 1943, over 600,000 of those Italian soldiers were taken prisoner and, of those, 50,000 were brought to the United States as enemy prisoners of war. The British captured much of the Italian high command at Tobruk and elsewhere in North Africa and many of these officers were put on ships to New York and then a train to arrive in southeast Arkansas at Camp Monticello, one of the few camps that housed both enlisted men and officers.
Camp Monticello is located south of Monticello in Drew County. Monticello’s rural location, advocacy by local civic leaders, and the need for labor in agriculture and the timber industries influenced the decision to locate the camp in the southeastern part of the state. The articles of the 1929 Geneva Convention regulated many aspects of the conditions within the PoW camps. The treaty stipulated that the PoWs should be treated the same as the troops of the retaining power. Therefore, Camp Monticello was built to the standards of American camps. Initially, PoW camps were placed within existing military reservations, but later, as the numbers of PoWs rose, camps were built on newly acquired land. Town-like camps were quickly built from military plans with basic one-story frame barracks, latrines, warehouses, mess halls, staff housing, medical facilities, and recreation areas arranged in grid layouts with open firebreaks and bounded by barbed wire fences and guard towers.
At Camp Monticello, PoWs were housed in different sections of the camp depending upon their rank. There were three compounds for enlisted men, one for officers, and one for generals. Prisoners also received monthly allowances and work assignments based on their rank—privates were required to work and do chores around camp; corporals or sergeants were required to work as supervisors; and officers and generals were exempt. Many of the PoWs opted to work outside the camp on farms or with timber companies. In the camp, PoWs worked as aids to generals, as interpreters, or in the hospital, mess halls, or PXs. This left many of the PoWs with lots of free time.
Article 17 of the Geneva Convention states: “So far as possible, belligerents shall encourage intellectual diversions and sports organizations by prisoners of war.” Since the majority of PoWs at Camp Monticello were officers and exempt from work assignments, athletics and recreational activities were important to alleviate the boredom of daily life. Inspection reports from Red Cross visitors indicate that the PoWs participated in a number of intellectual diversions. A film was shown once a week at the theater in the Garrison Echelon. Theater was popular; the PoWs wrote their own plays. They also formed an orchestra and performed in a converted barracks used as a concert hall.
The PoWs also made novel things out of wood, stone, cement, and metal. P. Schnyder, an International Red Cross representative, visited the camp in 1943 during an exhibition of paintings and sculptures executed by the prisoners. He describes the landscapes and portraits as particularly good, but he was most impressed with the miniature models of warships, officers’ barracks, and Santa Luca Church near Bologna. Reports indicate that the PoWs also decorated some of the chinaware in the mess halls and created an enclosure for birds in captivity. Excavations and archival research at other PoW camps have shown that prisoners attempted to regain some of their individuality through acquisition or creation of personal or unique items. For example, at Camp Hearne in Texas, archeologists recovered a canteen in which a PoW etched his travels from North Africa to New York City to Camp Hearne.
Therefore, the piece of galvanized metal with etchings recovered from the Officer’s Compound is a small example of the creativity of the PoWs at Camp Monticello. When Dr. Barnes first found the etching, she thought it resembled the grotto, or the chapel, that the PoWs constructed. After further analysis of the photographs, the etching more closely resembles a barrack with the electrical wires extending from the roof. The metal artifact helps us imagine an Italian officer, far from home, wiling away some time etching his surroundings on the materials he found around the camp.
This metal artifact also shows that laboratory work is just as exciting a place for discovery as the field! Small rusty pieces of metal can tell important stories. This one found at Camp Monticello reveals intimate information about the everyday routines of the PoWs and the importance of creative endeavors during their confinement. It also highlights the importance of sites like Camp Monticello for understanding Home Front Heritage in Arkansas and the United States.
* * *
1942 Work Begins on Alien Camp Near Monticello. Advance Monticellonian August 6. Monticello, AR.
Barnes, Jodi A.
2018 “Madonna del Prignioniero Prega per Noi”: An Intimate Archaeology of a World War II Italian Prisoner-of-War Camp. Historical Archaeology 52(3):561–579.
2018 Nails, tacks, and hinges: The archaeology of Camp Monticello, a World War II prisoner of war camp. Southeastern Archaeology 37(3):169–189.
2016 From Caffe’ Latte to Catholic Mass: The Archeology of a World War II Italian Prisoner of War Camp. In Research, Preservation, Communication: Honoring Thomas J. Green on His Retirement from the Arkansas Archeological Survey, edited by Mary Beth Trubitt. Research Series No. 67. Arkansas Archeological Survey, Fayetteville.
Blakely, Jeffrey A., and John D. Northrip
1991 World War II Structures at Fort Chaffee, Arkansas. Fort Chaffee Cultural Resource Studies Report No. 15. Archeological Assessments, Inc.
Buchner, C. Andrew, and Eric Albertson
2005 Archaeological Investigations of the POW Camp (3PU641) at Camp Joseph T. Robinson Pulaski County, Arkansas. Panamerican Consultants, Memphis, TN.
Burton, Jeffrey, Mary M. Farrell, Florence B. Lord, and Richard W. Lord
2000 Confinement and Ethnicity: An Overview of World War II Japanese American Relocation Sites. University of Washington Press, Seattle.
Carr, Gilly, and Harold Mytum (editors)
2012 Cultural Heritage and Prisoners of War: Creativity Behind Barbed Wire. Routledge, New York.
Harper, Marilyn, John W. Jeffries, William M. Tuttle, Nelson Lichtenstein, and Harvard Sitkoff
2007 A National Historic Landmarks Theme Study World War II and the American Home Front. The National Historic Landmarks Program, Cultural Resources, National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior.
Keefer, Louis E.
1992 Italian prisoners of war in America, 1942–1946: Captives or allies? Praeger, New York.
2004 America's World War II Home Front Heritage. CRM Journal Summer:34–50.
1979 Nazi Prisoners of War in America. Stein and Day, New York.
Kriv, Arlene R.
1991 World War II and the U.S. Army Mobilization Program: A History of 700 and 800 Series Cantonment Construction. Department of the Interior, National Park Service.
Myers, Adrian, and Gabriel Moshenska (editors)
2011 Archaeologies of Internment. Springer, New York.
Mytum, Harold, and Gilly Carr (editors)
2013 Prisoners of War: Archaeology, Memory, and Heritage of 19th- and 20th-Century Mass Internment. Springer, New York.
1988 Prisoner of War Camp Locates Near Town… Keeps Italian Men Captured During War. Drew County Historical Journal 3(1):24–34.
Pritchett, Merrill R., and William L. Shea
1978 The Afrika Korps in Arkansas, 1943–1946. Arkansas Historical Quarterly 37(1):3–22.
1943 Records of the Provost General, Field Reports. International Red Cross, Swiss Legation, November 8, 1943, RG 389. National Archives, Washington, DC.
Shea, William L.
1988 From WAACs to Weevils: A Sketch of Camp Monticello. Drew County Historical Journal 3(1):17–23.
Smith, C. Calvin
1994 The Response of Arkansans to Prisoners of War and Japanese Americans in Arkansas 1942–1945. Arkansas Historical Quarterly 53(3):340–366.
Waters, Michael R.
2006 Lone Star Stalag: German Prisoners of War at Camp Hearne. Texas A&M University Press, College Station.
Artifact of the Month Series
A first principle of archeology is that the significance of artifacts depends upon documented information about the context of their discovery. At what site was the artifact found? Can we figure out the age of the artifact? Where was it found in relation to site features (houses, trash deposits, activity areas, etc.) and the distribution of other artifacts? Only with knowledge of those facts can we assess further information about the manufacture and use of artifacts, and their role in other spheres of activity such as social organization, trade and exchange, and religious practice.
In this series, we feature select artifacts that are extraordinary both for the context of their discovery and for their unique qualities that contribute exceptionally important information about Arkansas culture and history. New artifacts will be added monthly. Find the list of artifacts here.
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Halifax’s Discovery Centre is applying some scientific principals to its own systems by replacing outmoded technology with IBM gear.
The centre was using what executive director Liz Batstone called “”a patchwork quilt
of various machines and services that have been either acquired or donated.””
Local companies would donate equipment that had become obsolete within their organizations, she said, which constantly left the centre at least one generation behind. “”Everything was always outdated. It was always five years behind at least.””
The centre reached an agreement with IBM Canada to supply a raft of new tools, including new PCs and laptops as well as embedded security systems and access points to move between wired and wireless networks. IBM Canada, along with regional services organization IMP Solutions, put the technology in place.
The upgrade was past-due, said Batstone. “”As an organization, our outmoded technology was a detriment to moving forward — and that’s particularly bad in a science centre.””
“”It really wasn’t up to running current revisions of software and current levels of technology,”” said Brian Evans, IBM Canada’s PC division sales specialist in the company’s Halifax office. “”It was basically a network that they have put together on their own using Microsoft peer-to-peer networking that literally just grew over the last few years. On a shoestring budget, they managed to connect printers to it . . . and they supported this internally.””
The technology has been phased in over the last six months, said Batstone. The centre’s network was interrupted for a time as it was upgraded, but the centre stayed open to the public for the duration.
The centre’s marketing efforts were typically contracted out to businesses that could handle the workload. But with the upgraded technology in place, it should now be able to handle its own newsletters, signage and other needs, said Batstone.
As a result of the overhaul, the centre will also see enhancements to its point-of-sale software which handles admission fees and gift shop purchases, added Evans, as well as improvements to basic operations like e-mail.
Visitors to the Discovery Centre will benefit directly, since some of the technology that the organization purchased will appear on the display floor. New PCs will offer features like interactive games and exhibit information.
Evans stressed that the centre’s upgrade is an ongoing process, with some of the work yet to come. “”You can’t just take an IT infrastructure that was five to eight years old, rip and replace it with everything that was brand new, and turn it all on and have everything functioning and the people trained on how to use it,”” he said. “”Some of the bits and pieces we’re turning on in phases as we go.””
The centre’s next project is to relaunch its Web site. Older systems within the centre prevented this is in the past, said Batstone, but the upgrade should allow it to host the site internally.
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The library is housed in Cuyper's original monumental creation.
About the library
The library is a functioning art-historical research and conservation facility. On a national level, the Rijksmuseum library acquires more publications, and does this more consistently, than any other art historical institute, making this an academic library of national importance.
The library contains around 250,000 titles, including some 50,000 auction catalogues, over 730 current periodicals and annual reports and as many as 3,000 defunct periodicals. Annual acquisitions amount to an average of 2,500 books, and around 1,500 auction catalogues, periodicals and annual reports.
On European art history, the library is more or less complete, particularly in the unique collection of key 19th-century and earlier volumes relating to applied art, prints and drawings in the Netherlands.
The object is to provide both documentary information in support of the Rijksmuseum mission and to develop the national position of the library as a centre for art-historical study. The aim of the library is to maintain the academic level of the collection; to conserve as best as possible, to improve access to the information it contains and to develop the library's reach.
The collection profile parallels the collections of the Rijksmuseum. It focuses on the history of painting, printmaking, drawing, applied art and sculpture in Western Europe from the Middle Ages to the early 20th century. In these areas the library aims at maintaining a complete collection. Other areas on which the library focuses include the history of photography up until the First World War, iconography, collection history (collection catalogues), Indian miniatures, Chinese painting and bronzes, Japanese prints and sculpture of South and Southeast Asia. The Dutch history collection largely complements the other institutional libraries in Amsterdam.
The library has a number of special collections: auction catalogues, architecture, asiatic art, photography, and also from former schools at the museum.
Around 60,000 auction catalogues can be found, including that of the Waller collection 1722-1932, the accent here being on drawings, and 13,547 auction catalogues on microfilm of the period 1600-1860. Only auction catalogues from 1989 onwards are included in the automated catalogue.
In 1897 the A.N. Godefroy collection of architectural books and periodicals was bequeathed. The titles have been registered in the automated catalogue.
The Hartkamp and Diepraam collections of photographs and photo albums were donated in 1994 by the Netherlands Office of Fine Arts (RBK) to the Rijksmuseum as the National Photo Collection. The library manages the collection of more than 5,000 photograph books and periodicals, all registered in the automated catalogue.
The Rijksmuseum's two original art schools, the Rijksschool voor Kunstnijverheid and the Rijksnormaalschool voor Teekenonderwijzers also had libraries. Both schools were founded in 1880 and were housed in the Rijksmuseum complex from 1885 to 1925. When they eventually split in that year, the library of the Rijksschool voor Kunstnijverheid was transferred to the Rijksmuseum. Much of the rest of the library was absorbed by the Gerrit Rietveld Academy library. In 1999 the two halves were reunited in the Rijksmuseum and in all, the collection contains some 4,000 titles and since acquisitions were based on educational requirements, the scope is diverse. Later acquisitions are not included in the catalogue and are not yet accessible.
The library of the Society of Friends of Asiatic Art is on long-term loan to the Rijksmuseum library. The society has collected books and periodicals on the art of East Asia (China, Japan and Korea) since 1918 and these volumes parallel the society's art collection. The titles are not included in the automated catalogue.
Scope of the collection
It is aimed to make all the available material accessible through the automated public catalogue. In addition to providing a public service, the comprehensive automated catalogue is integrated with other public information facilities to ensure an efficient management of the catalogue as a whole. To achieve this most of the card catalogue has been entered onto computer. However the items on loan from the Society of Friends of Asiatic Art are only accessible through the reading room card catalogue.
The library no longer has the exclusive aim of presenting 'the accessible library collection'. The objective has shifted to the demand side, towards the information requirements of the target groups. Instead of providing a ready-made information product, the library offers a service that enables end users to solve (art) historical problems. This extension was required since it is impossible to include every relevant publication in house, while (art) historical information sources are increasingly distributed in electronic media. The aim is to support (art) historical research by making the Rijksmuseum's own information systems and other electronic information sources elsewhere available through an integrated work station.
It is the policy of the library to improve and maintain the condition of the publications in the library to enable these to be consulted. This may involve restoration, with due regard to the use of original materials and construction. At the same time, intensive use of vulnerable and fragile publications ensures a constant stream of volumes needing repair.
Books and periodicals are not lent out, but may be consulted in the reading room.
The library and the Print Room have a joint reading room in which prints, drawings, photographs, albums, and documents from the Print Room and volumes from the library can be consulted. Prior appointments are not required, unless for fragile and rare items. Identification is required. When asking for works of art on paper, the minimum age is 16. When studying an object, a maximum of 2 persons per object is allowed.
Reading room Library and Print room
Frans van Mierisstraat 92
1071 RZ Amsterdam
Open Tuesday to Saturday from 10.00 to 17.00 hrs.
Closed on Public Holidays.
ID required. (limited service between 13.00 and 14.00 hrs.)
Phone: +31 (0)20 67 47 267
P.O. Box 74888
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Public employees and their unions are frequent scapegoats when elected officials seek to score political points or contract out government services. But despite what you may have read, there are many examples of productive labor-management relations in the public sector. A new report released by the Jobs With Justice Education Fund, Improving Government Through Labor-Management Collaboration and Employee Ingenuity, profiles how public employees and their unions are working collaboratively with management to improve the way government runs. From the Federal Aviation Administration to Ohio State University to the City of Phoenix, public managers at all levels of government are turning to employees for innovative solutions to vexing problems. The labor and management representatives featured in the report are tackling a wide range of issues, from reducing health-care costs and implementing complex new technologies to addressing policy shifts in mental health care. Through joint efforts, these teams are getting results—saving taxpayer money, improving the delivery of government services and expanding training opportunities for employees.
Key findings of this report include:
- The Federal Aviation Administration and National Air Traffic Controllers Association worked together to successfully roll out new technology at 17 of 20 air traffic control centers, saving millions of dollars of software development costs.
- The Naval Sea Command and AFL-CIO Metal Trades Council implemented a system for improving productivity that proved successful enough at reducing inefficiencies that it was expanded to all four shipyards.
- Charlotte County Public Schools partnered with its unions to tackle rising health-care costs by creating a self-funded health plan with a free clinic for employees and their families.
- The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and the Patent Office Professional Association developed a new system for managing patent examiner time. Despite a steady increase in unexamined applications every year since 2009, examiners reduced the backlog of applications by 20 percent between 2009 and 2013.
- The State of Michigan and the United Auto Workers employed “lean techniques” to reduce lobby wait times for social services clients from three hours to 30 minutes.
- The Cleveland Public Library and Service Employees International Union developed a system for transferring library employees to avoid layoffs and maintain library hours during a recent budget crisis.
- The City of Phoenix worked with a coalition of unions to create an Innovation and Efficiency Task Force, which has saved the city nearly $60 million annually since it began in 2009.
- Ohio State University partnered with the Communications Workers of America to encourage employee participation in a wellness program, which led to a quadrupling of union member participation.
- Colorado Workers for Innovative and New Solutions, a union representing Colorado state mental health employees, is convening state and community representatives to proactively address changes to the provision of mental health care.
Download the report to read more: Improving Government Through Labor-Management Collaboration and Employee Ingenuity, by Erin Johansson, Research Director, Jobs With Justice Education Fund
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PASSIONATE about carp, rather than notching up numbers? If you have the slightest depth of interest in the fish we catch rather than just the end result, A History of Carp Fishing Revisited is the best addition you might ever make to your bookshelf. Following the acclaimed A History of Carp Fishing, written in 1992 by respected author, angler and publisher Kevin Clifford, Revisited is a giant of a book in all respects. It stretches to over 350 pages with a colossal number of simply breathtaking reproductions of historic paintings, drawings, maps and prints.
With the explosion of interest in carp angling both in the UK and worldwide since the 1960s, this book is a reminder that there is so much to know and understand from days long since gone. If your idea of carp angling history is black and white photos of Redmire Pool or the legacy of Donald Leney, you will not be disappointed. But more significantly, Kevin does a simply incredible job piecing together the key people, places and events in the five hundred years prior to any carp of historical note sliding into knotted nets at Bernithan Court.
From debate over the first introductions of carp to this country, the development and methods of Bohemian carp farming, identification issues over ‘wild’ and ‘feral’ carp and lost and current strains, there is a wealth of information to be gleaned. But no matter how complex the subject or involved the detail, it remains beautifully presented, easy to understand, and a pleasure to read.
There are gems of information buried within these pages that any carp angler will marvel at. Yes, you can find discussion on the Peterborough Electricity Cut, Mapperley Reservoir, the hair-rig and even Rod Hutchinson. But Kevin’s real genius is displayed unearthing countless brilliant carp related matters that less skilled or committed researchers and writers would have missed by a country mile. Records of carp stocked into the River Thames as far back as 1895, and carp caught from the Thames as far back as 1739. Skilled engineer Robert Lochner being commissioned by Winston
Churchill to develop a portable, floating harbour and using Donald Leney’s stock ponds to test the feasibility of what was to become the Mulberry Harbour successfully used for the D-Day landings in 1944. Or how about a diagram of a rod pod, drawn by Dick Walker in 1961, with a bite alarm at the front, and the centre bar a three foot section of broom handle. Put simply, there’s a story on every page, making it compulsive reading.
History disappears if it is not documented and recorded. This book ensures carp fishing history will not disappear. It needs to be read, it deserves to be read and with only 1,000 copies printed, there aren’t enough for hundreds to sit in bags or boxes as collectors’ items where the depth and breadth of fishing history they contain can’t be appreciated This is a book that carp fishing needed to have written, and the sport is richer for it having been written. An absolute, true literary delight.
Congratulations Kevin, all who read this book will thank you for it.
A History of Carp Fishing Revisited costs £40 plus p&p or £150 for a leatherbound (100 copies only). More details at www.carptalk-online.co.uk or 01430440624.
Review by Colin Davidson appeared in Anglers Mail February 2012 – check out www.anglersmail.co.uk for more from Colin
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Electric performance car brand Polestar, and awareness artist Thijs Biersteker, have launched a new interactive installation. “We Harvest Wind” encourages people to think about the biggest challenges of our time – the climate crisis, pollution and the transition to renewable energy – through art.
“We Harvest Wind”, which is being exhibited at Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam from 14October to 3 November, has been designed by Biersteker, an awareness artist famed for his award-winning interactive installations about climate change, ocean plastic, pollution and nature. The art installation will enable visitors to control the wind using large fans. As the wind hits the sculpture, it generates energy which causes the installation to come to life. The aim of the installation is to educate consumers on the importance of renewable energy.
Polestar is on a mission to encourage transparency in the electric vehicle sector and beyond, believing this to be the only way to achieve a sustainable and emission-free future. The installation takes a complex topic and makes it more approachable by interpreting it through art.
The installation was inspired by the recent publication of Polestar’s LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) report. The report measures the lifetime CO2e impact of Polestar 2, taking into account everything from the extraction of raw materials to manufacturing and how the car is disposed of at the end of its life. The report shows that the lifetime impact of the all-electric car can be halved if the car is charged with renewable energy. However, renewable energy charging points are not yet widely available and most consumers are not aware of the issue.
“Harvesting the power of the wind is not just an energy revolution, but an obvious step in human evolution. We are the only species that uses wind to generate energy, and this is now more important than ever,” says Thijs Biersteker, founder of Woven Studio. “At the installation, visitors are able to experience the power of wind by setting it in motion themselves, actively participating in the energy transition. The kind of electricity we choose for our homes, electric vehicles and electric bicycles really makes a difference. It’s one of the few sustainable transitions that we can enforce as individuals.”
Thomas Ingenlath, CEO of Polestar, says: “We are trying to raise awareness around green energy. Biersteker’s installation is part of that initiative. He is a really interesting artist and it’s been great to witness how he turned our Life Cycle Assessment into a piece of art, and to now see it exhibited in the progressive and beautiful Stedelijk Museum. Charging green is such an important factor in unleashing the full potential of electric cars, on our journey to making them climate neutral.”
Stedelijk Museum is a catalyst for conversations about a sustainable and inclusive future. It provides a stage for artists who reflect society and experiment artistically with innovation and new solutions. Polestar and Stedelijk Museum have entered into a partnership for three years. Enrica Flores d’Arcais, Manager of Development at Stedelijk Museum, says: “Like Polestar, Stedelijk Museum is researching how design can offer sustainable solutions for the future. We’re therefore very proud to join forces with Polestar in a multi-year partnership to help make our society more sustainable. Thijs Biersteker’s installation commissioned by Polestar is the first result of our collaboration.”
Stedelijk Museum has made its auditorium available for the installation. For three weeks, visitors can actively participate in the installation, made from some of the innovative sustainable materials that Polestar aims to use in its future vehicles. After 3 November, the installation will move to another location, to be announced in due course, to start new conversations about renewable energy and the power of change.
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Mises Daily Articles
Inflation and the French Revolution: The Story of a Monetary Catastrophe
As in so much else, the French revolutionary regime (1789-94) was the precursor of the centralized, totalitarian, managerial, pseudo-democratic despotisms that now reign over the West. It is also reminder that mass democracy and inflation go together, as surely as thunder and lightning. Let us revisit the Revolution, from a free-market, hard-money perspective.
After two centuries, there remains no better analysis of the first two years of the French Revolution than Edmund Burke's Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790). Astute, penetrating, prescient—Burke, an Anglo-Irish MP and a liberal Whig, was of a rare type: both practical statesman and political philosopher. Had the English ministry and his fellow Parliamentarians followed his advice in the 1770s, they would never have driven the Americans to revolt and hence lost their most valuable colonies in the world. Had the French, they would have been spared the Terror, total war, and Napoleon. Burke continues to be accused by clueless academics and ignorant pundits either of inconsistency or deviationism for his very different reactions to the American and French Revolutions.
Burke was both a liberal and a man of the Right. He believed in religious toleration but supported an established church, the Anglican Communion. A friend and admirer of Adam Smith, he defended commercial liberty, but he also believed that civilization depended on the perpetuation of a landed aristocracy with its own separate political representation. While he denied that a king could tax his subjects without their consent, he was a fierce opponent of democracy and universal suffrage. Burke denied that liberty could be achieved by revolution or intellectual endeavor. For him, it was the product of tradition and history, and its victories had to be embodied in institutions.
The power of the French king was checked by public opinion, by an independent clergy, and by the parlements of the judicial nobility. The nobility itself was filled with admiration for the mixed constitution of
As Burke noted, the noble cahiers and instructions for their delegates to the Estates General "breathe with the spirit of liberty as warmly, and they recommend reformation as strongly as any other order." Maybe more. The spirit of laissez faire, mixed constitutionalism, and civil libertarianism was stronger in the nobility than among the bourgeoisie, and certainly stronger than among the urban artisans and peasantry.
The political argument in the Estates General in May–June 1789 that led to the outbreak of the Revolution was over voting. The question at issue was whether the three estates should vote by order (the traditional practice) or by head. The monarchy rightly sided with the first two estates on the question, but the Third Estate eventually grew tired of the controversy and declared itself to be the National Assembly, the other two orders be damned. They were only following the logic of their position to its logical conclusion, but they were also fulfilling the visionary and naive expectation of the French masses that the ancient social orders be erased so they could live lives of greater abundance and freedom. Many "conservative" and "liberal" historians have applauded the Third Estate's seizure of power and argued that the Revolution went wrong later with the ascendancy of Robespierre and the Mountain. Burke knew better.
By its arrogant usurpation, the Third Estate expressed its rash "preference for a despotic democracy to a government of reciprocal control." Big mistake, thought Burke. "I cannot help concurring" with the opinion of Aristotle and other ancient critics of democracy, "that an absolute democracy, no more than an absolute monarchy, is [not] to be reckoned among the legitimate forms of government. They think it rather the corruption and degeneracy than the sound constitution of a republic."
Aristotle pointed out that "a democracy has many striking points of resemblance with a tyranny." Burke translates: "Their ethical character is the same; both exercise despotism over the better class of citizens; … the demagogue, too, and the court favorite are not unfrequently the same identical men, and always bear a close analogy; and these have the principal power, each in their respective forms of government, favorites with the absolute monarch, and demagogues with a people such as I have described."
Burke was not so naïve as to believe that
An exasperated Burke wondered why the French seemed to lunge from one extreme of government to another, as if there were no third option. "Have they never heard of a monarchy directed by laws, controlled and balanced by the great hereditary wealth and hereditary dignity of a nation, and both again controlled by a judicious check from the reason and feeling of the people at large acting by a suitable and permanent organ?" Nay, instead of retaining the Estates General as "a permanent assembly in which the commons had their share of power," they thrust total power upon the politically inexperienced and rash masses. Overnight, the whole fabric of the ancient constitutional order of
Was this wise? What check remained on the power of the Assembly, the power of
The Assignat Inflation
The National Assembly that took de facto control of political power in
Meanwhile, the interest and principal was falling due on the national debt. What to do? The logical and just thing was to repudiate the enormous debt incurred by the monarchy. After all, the people of France, voiceless and unrepresented for centuries, had never approved nor sanctioned it; and if the monarchy had been as oppressive and iniquitous as the revolutionaries claimed, then surely the liberated masses should not be burdened with the responsibility of paying its extravagant debts?
Well, justice is one thing when one is out of power, and another when one possesses it. The Assembly rejected repudiation because they feared antagonizing the moneylenders of
The Assembly knew that it was politically inconceivable to lay new taxes and expect them to be paid without sending an army into the countryside to shake down the peasants, but who would pay the army? And further borrowing was out of the question until new taxes could be laid. That left one resource—plundering the privileged orders. In November 1789, the Assembly expropriated the vast lands and estates of the French church and declared them to be "national properties." From thenceforth, they would be "at the disposal of the Nation" (meaning the state). Burke observed sardonically that the government, still in its infancy, had grasped at "one of the poorest resources of doting despotism."
Burke angrily rejected the notion that the rights of property applied only to individuals. They also applied to corporate bodies, such as the
Burke denied that the church was a parasitic body attached to the French nation. It was not exempt from all taxes, and it provided essential social services, such as free primary schools, classical academies, hospitals, and orphanages. Although we might prefer a purely private provision, can we doubt that
Burke ranked the confiscation of the church lands, along with a "compulsory paper currency" with which it was linked, as the first layer of the "cement" by which the revolutionary government would rule over a unified and servile
He believed the confiscation served the new government in three ways. First, it all but destroyed a rival social authority that could check its moral and political power. Second, it placated the powerful "monied interest" of
It was not long before the Assembly realized that the sale of church lands alone would not be the fiscal bonanza they had envisioned. For one thing, throwing all those properties on the market would diminish their selling price. Second, there was just not enough floating capital (i.e. specie) in
Many delegates, including Cazales, Bergasse, Maury, Necker, and Nemours, opposed the measure on economical principles. They argued that the new currency would depreciate, that it would be followed by additional emissions, further depreciation, and that the calamities of John Law's Mississippi Bubble (1717–20) would be re-enacted across republican
It should be noted that the Assembly was not a total bust when it came to economic freedom. They did abolish the tithe, the corvee, the guilds, and all internal custom barriers. However, they would go no farther, and would soon regress into a kind of hyper mercantilism. Burke writes of their open and contemptuous "defiance of economic principles." Jean Baptiste Say recalled with disgust that "the moment there was any question in the National Assembly of commerce or finances, violent invectives could be heard against the economists." Such is ever the reception accorded men who bear unwelcome or inconvenient truths.
By late summer, the government was again short of funds, so they naturally turned to a second issue of assignats. However, this time they doubled the dose to 800 million, dropped the interest payment, and made them legal tender for all purchases and debts across
(Whenever a government promises not to use a power they wish to exercise, or have just acquired, by way of assuaging the fears of those who anticipate abuse, they are sure to break that promise whenever it becomes convenient or they believe they can get away with it. Only fools or ignoramuses ever trust the word of government officials or politicians.)
Burke finished his Reflections soon after this second emission. As many of the French paper advocates had cited the notes of the Bank of England as a source of English prosperity and proof that paper money was safe, Burke drew an invidious contrast between his country's redeemable bank currency and the French assignats. In contrast to the latter, English bank notes have their "origin in cash actually deposited," are "convertible at pleasure, in an instant and without the slightest loss, into cash again," and not one shilling "is received but of choice." The French inflationists mistakenly assume that "our flourishing state in
The consequences of the second issue were just as the unpopular economists had foretold: depreciation in their value, rising prices, feverish speculation, complaints about a shortage of money, calls for more assignats, the prostration of commerce and industry, inordinate consumption, and declining savings. Economic calculation became impossible, but speculation quite profitable (or ruinous). Burke should get credit for a remarkably accurate and precise prediction. He believed that the rise of prices, consequent to assignat inflation, would render it unprofitable for farmers to take their crops to market. They would stay home and produce only for themselves or for barter with their neighbors. The government would then send troops into the countryside to confiscate grain and other foodstuffs. It happened exactly as he foretold.
The revolutionary government first decided to cure the evils generated by inflation with more inflation. Instead of destroying assignats received for the national properties, they reissued them in the form of smaller notes. In June 1791, they issued another 600 million assignats (the previous promise not to issue more was conveniently and predictably forgotten), and in December an additional 300 million. By the end of the year, its market value had fallen to 66 percent of its face value. In 1792, they issued 600 million more. In April of the same year, they confiscated the estates of the émigrés (those who fled
In March, the National Convention created the Orwellian-named Committee of Public Safety (another unfortunate American precedent), which was a kind of committee of terror, dedicated to expropriating and murdering those deemed to be "traitors" to France or enemies of la Revolution. In May, they passed le Maximum, imposing price ceilings on grain. It worsened the grain shortage. In June, they passed the Forced Loan, a progressive income tax, whose progressivity was progressively lowered to reach more and more citizens. They also passed increasingly draconian and deadly laws designed to force people to accept the assignats at par and forbidding them from exchanging them for anything less than their face value. In July, the Convention repudiated the first issue of interest-bearing assignats.
In August, trading (i.e. buying or selling) specie was prohibited. In September, the Convention passed the General Maximum, extending price ceilings to all foodstuffs, as well as firewood, coal, and other essentials. In that month, despite the deadly coercion, the assignat fell to 30 percent against gold. During 1793, the Convention issued 1,200 million assignats; in 1794, 3,000 million. Next came the deluge. In 1795, 33,000 million were printed, and in October, when a new government—the Directory—assumed power, the assignats' purchasing power had fallen to almost nothing. On the black market, 600 francs of assignats traded for one gold franc.
The Directory was done with the assignat, but it was not done with inflation. In February 1796, it issued a new paper currency, the mandat, and made it exchangeable for assignats at the rate of 30 to 1. By August, after 2,500 million had been issued, the mandat had fallen to three percent of its face value. In 1796, the Directory had had enough, finally, and it withdrew the legal tender character of both the assignat and the mandat. Thereupon, their remaining meager exchangeable value disappeared altogether.
It took Napoleon to restore hard money to
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The Church and Slavery attempts to reveal the evil of slavery through an understanding of the New-School Presbyterian church. Very little focus is put on interpretations of the Bible, unlike other books of this class.
The pamphlet focuses on how the freedom of slaves would be detrimental to society. The author maintains his anti-abolitionist opinion citing examples of the West India Islands and its consequences of emancipation. Examples of the commerce, wealth,...
Presented here are many of the writings of the famous "Penman of the Revolution," gathered and edited by unknown friends, to trace specifically the role of John Dickinson's ideas and words in the struggle for American independence.
Having traveled several times to the sub-continent as a supervisor of Methodist missions abroad, Bishop John F. Hurst, a talented and diligent observer and student, provides a detailed view of India and Ceylon in the later nineteenth century.
Presented here are letters from an eighteenth century college president, Charles Nisbet, to his friend and fellow Scot, William Young, a printer and book-seller in Philadelphia, regarding events great and small, local and international.
Two days after joining the faculty of Dickinson College, Thomas Cooper delivers an exhaustive lecture on chemistry before the students and the Board of Trustees. This lecture is probably among the earliest of its kind published in America.
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Considered the best all-around variety for adaptability, consistent yields, high-quality fruit, and disease resistance, ‘Bluecrop’ is perhaps the most widely planted variety in the US. Large, high-quality fruit ripening mid-season. Plants grow 4-6’ tall in an upright, open growth habit.
An old favorite and versatile variety, ‘Blueray’ performs particularly well in areas with hot summers or very cold winters, and produces high-quality berries with outstanding dessert flavor. The rosy pink flowers turn bright white when in full bloom burgundy foliage in fall. Upright growing habit to 5’ high.
Selected for home gardeners who desire a cold-hardy variety with consistent crops, ‘Patriot’ has a low growing habit that reflects its partial lowbush parentage. It is adaptable to many soil types and makes an excellent landscape variety with its showy white blooms in the spring, dark green summer foliage, and fiery orange-red fall foliage. Large, tangy fruit, ripening early season. Plants grow 3-4’ high in an open, spreading growth habit.
Called a half-high, ‘Northland’ is a highbush x lowbush cross with medium-sized full-flavored berries on a 4’ bush. One of the heaviest producing varieties grown, with higher yields nearing 20 pounds per bush at maturity.
‘Chandler’ is the biggest blueberry you’ve ever seen! This attractive plant produces large, sweet, juicy berries that are delicious fresh. Also suitable for baking. Plants are tolerant of temperatures as low as –15ºF. Fruits mid-to late-season. Ripens in July. Self-pollinating.
At only 3 feet tall, this container blueberry sports hot pink flowers! ‘Sunshine Blue‘ is a cold-hardy variety adapted for vigorous, productive growth in warm and cool climates. Berries are richly sweet and medium-sized and ripen mid to late season.
Our blueberry varieties are self-fertile, but berry production is much improved by mixing at least three cultivars.
SITE: Choose a well drained location in full to partial sun in a loamy or sandy soil with a pH of 4.5-5.2. At planting, dig a hole 18 inches deep and 18 inches wide and mix existing soil 50/50 with mushroom compost, leaf based compost or coir. Place the plant in the hole and fill around root ball with the remaining mix. Set plants 3-4’ apart with rows 6-8’ apart, alternating at least three cultivars for effective cross-pollination. Growth is slow and production will peak at 6-8 years of age.
MULCH: Apply wood-chip mulch generously in a 2’ wide band and a 4” depth.
WATER IS ESSENTIAL: Blueberry bushes have very shallow root systems and are sensitive to water fluctuations. They need at least 1-2” of water each week. In dry seasons, supplemental water is essential to obtain good yields of high quality fruit.
PRUNING: Blueberry plants should have no more than sixteen canes – one or two for each year, up to eight years of growth. This is done by allowing only two canes to grow each year from the time bushes are planted until they are eight years old, when the oldest two canes should be an inch in diameter. Early in the ninth year, the two largest canes and all but the two largest one-year-old canes should be removed. When repeated annually, this technique minimizes uneven growth and production, the oldest canes are continually replaced with the same number of new canes, and the bushes are kept a uniform size. Highbush blueberries will grow up to 4’ tall and yield large berries in late summer.
HARVESTING: Blueberries ripen over several weeks and require two to four pickings. Harvest begins in early July and extends into September depending on the variety, weather and location. To pick by hand, gently roll berries between your thumb and forefinger, removing fully ripe berries and leaving unripe berries for the next picking.
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May 14, 2008 > Relay for Life in Hayward
Relay for Life in Hayward
By Bosky Panjvani
Photos By Kary Welch
Twenty-three years ago, a colorectal surgeon from Tacoma, Washington raised $27,000 for the Tacoma American Cancer Society. To enhance the income of the local American Cancer Society (ACS), he ran a distance of 83 miles for 24 hours at Baker Stadium, University of Puget Sound in Tacoma. His friends paid $25 to join him for 30 minutes. This inspired Klatt to form the City of Destiny Classic 24 hour run against cancer. A movement to fight against cancer began from then and continues until today. Today ACS conducts such fundraising events to fight against all forms of cancer and celebrate the victory of survivors. One event of this kind is taking place in Hayward.
ACS is hosting Relay for Life of Hayward at Cal State East Bay on May 17 and 18 beginning Saturday morning at 9 a.m. This 24 hour long event will be open to all with a registration fee of $100, which goes to the ACS of Dublin. Event Chair Kary Welch said the relay is held to create awareness about cancer and raise money to support programs and services of the ACS.
Teams are currently registering for the 24-hour relay event. The initial lap will be dedicated to survivors - those fighting against cancer and have survived it. After the initial lap, teams will join the survivors on the track. Teams pitch tents and form small communities that create a schedule so team members are continuously participating in the relay event. With darkness comes the Luminaria ceremony during which those who have lost their lives fighting cancer will be remembered as candles within paper bags illuminate the track. On Sunday, the relay will be closed with a "fight back" ceremony to encourage people to continue the fight against cancer.
For further information about Relay for Life, call (510) 862-0987, or visit www.relayforlife.org.
The society is looking for people who are interested in being a part of this event as volunteers, participants or donors. Additional information is available at www.haywardrelay.org.
Relay for Life
Saturday & Sunday, May 17, 18
Cal State University East Bay
25800 Carlos Bee Blvd., Hayward
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A Partisan Affair (Part 1): False Claims About Intelligent Design in Edward Humes' Pseudo-History of Kitzmiller, "Monkey Girl"
[Editor's Note: For a full and comprehensive review and response to Edward Humes' book, Monkey Girl: Evolution, Education, and the Battle for America's Soul, please see A Partisan Affair: A Response to Edward Humes' Inaccurate History of Kitzmiller v. Dover and Intelligent Design, "Monkey Girl.]
In early 2007, I wrote a three-part series of blog posts where I discussed how Darwinist author Edward Humes misrepresented himself when trying to convince me to do an interview with him for his book, Monkey Girl: Evolution, Education, Religion, and the Battle for America's Soul (Harper Collins, 2007). (That series of prequels can be found at the following links: Part 1, Part 2, and Part 3.) When Humes first contacted me in 2006, he declared his commitment to non-partisan and objective journalism (he later refused to give me permission to quote directly from his original emails). Humes' defensive posture immediately alerted me that something was awry, so I declined to do an interview. It turned out my instincts were correct: Edward Humes was not interested in non-partisan journalism regarding the evolution debate. He created a website about Monkey Girl, which had many inaccurate and highly partisan claims, like, "There is more scientific evidence, laboratory testing and direct observation to support evolutionary theory than virtually any other scientific theory, including gravitational theory," calling intelligent design (ID) a "form of creationism," and saying ID "posits a supernatural process." It would be hard to imagine a less-partisan treatment of evolution. At the end of that series of blog posts, before I received Humes' book, I wrote the following:
At this point, I've recounted Humes' glowing praise from only hardline Darwinists, his partisan and inaccurate FAQ, and the fact that he changed his FAQ in response to my emails and then did not disclose key changes while accusing me of misstating the FAQ. Yet Humes originally came to me soliciting an interview claiming to be fair and neutral.Soon after that posting, I received my copy of Monkey Girl from Amazon and started working on a fairly lengthy review of the book. Because the book had so many inaccurate statements, what started off as a review soon became a time-consuming rebuttal. Unfortunately, in the middle of working on that review/rebuttal of Monkey Girl, my hard drive severely crashed (an IT friend told me it was the worst hard drive meltdown he'd seen), and I also got extremely sick. For a while this project fell by the wayside. But recently I've had a couple people e-mailing me, citing Monkey Girl as a supposed objective, authoritative source of information on intelligent design. People behave as if the fact that its author won a Pulitzer prize (for a different work, mind you), suddenley makes Monkey Girl an impartial and inerrant book. As someone who has been closely involved in the ID movement for years and who observed much of the Kitzmiller v. Dover trial in person, it would be a grave mistake to cite Monkey Girl as a non-partisan -- or even accurate -- source of information on ID or the Kitzmiller v. Dover case.
Some readers may choose to believe that Humes developed his views while he wrote the book and was forthright towards me. Unsurprisingly, that is what Humes claims, and Humes' Darwinist reviewers will certainly take that line in his defense. And if that's the case, Humes could simply make his book proposal public, because that should reveal whether he really was non-partisan when he researched his book. That would certainly lay my suspicions to rest. But Humes continues to refuse to make his book proposal public. Other readers may wonder what Humes is hiding in the book proposal.
Regardless, there is no doubt that Humes is now a complete partisan (who believes evolution is better supported than gravity) and that he is promoting much false information about ID.
Because Discovery Institute was unable to obtain a review copy of Humes' book, I had to order it off Amazon, and I have not yet received the book (somehow many Darwinist bloggers already have copies, as they've reviewed [it] for Humes on his blog). Perhaps after the book arrives, further commentary can be made about it. Meanwhile, I'm sure Edward Humes won't complain too much about the free publicity we're giving him. After all, you know what they say...
In response to some of these e-mails about Monkey Girl, I decided to dig up my prior review of Humes' book, shorten it, and highlight some of the main points of my review. Because most of Humes' inaccurate claims about ID have been answered in various other writings, my review of Monkey Girl will consist primarily of short descriptions of his false claims combined with links to articles that address his false statements. I will publish my review of Monkey Girl in a series of six posts dealing with various problems with the book. This first installment will discuss some of Humes'...
Problems Related to Intelligent Design:
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(1999; 35 pages) [French] [Spanish]
Section II: Safety in acupuncture
In competent hands, acupuncture is generally a safe procedure with few contraindications or complications. Its most commonly used form involves needle penetration of the skin and may be compared to a subcutaneous or intramuscular injection. Nevertheless, there is always a potential risk, however slight, of transmitting infection from one patient to another (e.g. HIV or hepatitis) or of introducing pathogenic organisms. Safety in acupuncture therefore requires constant vigilance in maintaining high standards of cleanliness, sterilization and aseptic technique.
There are, in addition, other risks which may not be foreseen or prevented but for which the acupuncturist must be prepared. These include: broken needles, untoward reactions, pain or discomfort, inadvertent injury to important organs and, of course, certain risks associated with the other forms of therapy5 classified under the heading of "acupuncture".
5 Acupunture treatment is not limited to needling, but may also include: acupressure, electro-acupunture, laser acupuncture, moxibustion, cupping, scraping and magnetotherapy.
Finally, there are the risks due to inadequate training of the acupuncturist. These include inappropriate selection of patients, errors of technique, and failure to recognize contraindications and complications, or to deal with emergencies when they arise.
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There are two schools of thought.
Sugar is sugar. The source doesn’t matter because the human body will metabolize it into glycogen regardless.
Natural over synthetic. The production process of artificial carbohydrates is different from how nature does it. Despite the similarities in chemical structures, your body may react less favorably to artificial ingredients. Therefore, natural nutrients are more bioavailable and less harmful.
As with most sports nutrition topics, expert opinions vary and credible scientific research supports both sides. Confusion ensues. However, Just like training, fueling is more art than science. A person’s body, lifestyle, daily responsibilities, and training goals often determine the most realistic and suitable solution.
Now that we’ve appeased the legal team, here are five all-natural energy gels that went the natural route. We’ve tried them and are very comfortable recommending them as fuel for your next endurance challenge.
Spring Energy – Become a force of nature
On their homepage, it says: “All Real Food. All Healthy Energy. All Gut-Friendly.”
You seldom see energy gel makers use the word “healthy”, yet Spring Energy describes its products as “healthy carbs.” In our humble opinion, a pack of sugar water is hardly healthy.
That being said, Spring Energy tops our list of the best all-natural energy gels. The company offers an array of flavors for pre-, during, and post-workouts. Most of them are not bad tasting; some even pack a hearty 180-250 calories. They also deliver a variety of macro-nutrients necessary for hydration and nutrient metabolization.
Simply put: We can eat quite a few of them without getting sweetness fatigue, and they provide what the body needs.
Honey Stinger – Go organic
Honey Stinger is a pioneer in adopting honey in sports nutrition. Honey is 80% sugars (mainly glucose and fructose), 18% water, 2% vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and a small amount of protein.
It’s a rich source of a Vitamin B Complex, which is responsible for wide-ranging bodily functions. One of the most directly related functions for endurance athletes is converting food into energy and metabolizing carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Honey Stinger really highlights its Vitamin B Complex content, which theoretically should help accelerate and intensify the mouth-to-muscle effect. Read full review here.
The taste and consistency of Honey Stinger are…duh, honey-like. If you are a regular energy gel eater and enjoy the taste of honey, I would highly recommend it.
Huma Chia Energy Gel – Stomach happy gels
Huma‘s energy gels incorporate ground chia seeds, the O.G. of superfoods. While the company doesn’t specify how much is used, chia seeds are listed fourth or fifth on the ingredient list. One gel is only 36-43g, so I’m not sure if there are enough chia seeds to get the full range of benefits.
The fruit puree-based gels offer a more pleasant experience than the typical syrupy mixture. In terms of texture, it’s just about right, not too thick or watery. The light, fruity flavor is quite nice for hotter temperatures.
The packaging is a slightly bigger version of what we’re used to with GU, but it’s flatter and less “puffy.” I had no issue carrying them in a running belt or hydration vest.
Here’s a full review of Huma Orginal and Huma Plus energy gels.
Maple7 – Every bite is positive energy
This is a sports nutrition brand based here in our home market, Taiwan (yes, that little island in Asia famous for semiconductors). Maple syrup is widely accepted as an energy gel alternative, so Maple7 simply sourced pure maple syrup and packaged into a well-designed sachet.
Maple syrup is 67% sugar (primarily sucrose), 33% water, and has a diverse micro-nutrient profile. One tablespoon (14.7 ml) of maple syrup provides about 13g of carbohydrates and 52 calories. It’s lower on the glycemic index than the typical energy gel, so in theory, it should be easier on your gastrointestinal system.
When it comes to natural and sustainability, it doesn’t get any better than 100% maple syrup. And as an endurance fuel, it’s an excellent option.
Veloforte – Exotic fruits and spices
This less well-known brand produces some of the highest quality fuel. It uses exotic ingredients such as ginger, beetroot, elderflower, guarana, blackcurrant, etc. to provide a range of unique flavors. Regarding taste, it’s the best of the bunch. We particularly like the tartness of the blackcurrant-flavored Riba.
Although this is a gel-centric website, we also want to give their energy bars a shout-out!! They are great for powering your outdoor adventures and also as an everyday snack.
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Nearly two-thirds of Americans sympathize at least somewhat with Israel after its conflict with Hamas in Gaza while more than a third have sympathy for the Palestinians, a Pew Research survey shows.
Turning the measure around, the survey, released Thursday, showed that more than a quarter of Americans have little or no sympathy for Israel and nearly half feel the same about the Palestinians.
The seven-week conflict between the two sides ended in a cease-fire on Tuesday. The survey of 1,501 adults by the Washington-based non-partisan research institute was taken August 20 through 24.
The specific figures show 34 percent sympathize "a lot" and 32 percent "some" with Israel, while the numbers are 11 percent and 35 percent respectively for the Palestinians.
Some 15 percent sympathize "not much" and 12 percent "not at all" with Israel. The figures are 20 percent and 27 percent for the Palestinians.
On the question of whether a peaceful two-state solution to the Israel-Palestinian conflict can be found, 48 percent of Americans said yes and 43 percent said no. The figures were 46 percent and 44 percent, respectively, in an April Pew survey.
And some 49 percent of Americans say that President Barack Obama is properly balancing the two sides as he manages through the conflict, while 22 percent say he favors the Palestinians too much and 13 percent say he favors the Israelis too much, the survey says. The results are little changed from April, Pew reported.
Want to enjoy 'Zen' reading - with no ads and just the article? Subscribe todaySubscribe now
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One of the most common questions we hear concerns the three credit bureaus (Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion). The question is: “Why three?”It’s a good question, and one that invites a few follow-ups, such as “Do they all have the same information? Will my score be the same across the board? And if not, what does that mean?” It’s understandable that it all seems a bit confusing at first. In actuality, the reason for the number of credit bureaus is simple geography. What is now Experian grew out of the West, TransUnion the Midwest, and Equifax the South and East.
Credit reporting bureaus began as the U.S. was expanding and small groups of merchants began sharing financial information about their customers. This way when a new merchant opened they already knew about how much credit to extend to the people in town. These groups grew and consolidated over the years into credit bureaus. The term ‘credit bureaus’ may sound intimidating to some consumers, but their primary role is to actually help banks and lenders give out loans based purely on financial behaviors and not, like in the old days, on the judgments and assumptions of individual bankers.
The question about the information that’s being collected is really important. While most of the information collected by the three credit bureaus is similar, there are differences. For example, one credit bureau may have unique information captured about a consumer that is not being captured by the other two, or the same data element may be stored or displayed differently from bureau to bureau.
It’s also important to understand that while the credit bureaus provide an extremely similar service, there are differences in the way they work, and in the models or algorithms they use to create their credit scores. It turns out that it’s a really good thing that there are multiple bureaus. Basically, every system needs checks and balances. In the great sweep of data–collection, one bureau might pick up a bit of inaccurate information that, luckily, can be straightened out by cross–referencing another’s bureau’s information. Anything from a unique report to a simple clerical error can cause a mistake to occur. If there were only one bureau, one data bank to reference, good luck arguing your case. Think of it this way: in the world of credit scores, three’s not a crowd, it’s a relief. It’s backup when you need it and security that if there’s a mistake in one, there are two others to help prove it.
Take the next step: protect your credit and start saving money.
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We already know the U.S is in a drought. But who gives a shit, right? Well, based on our insatiable desire for meat/cheese-based everything, a whole lot of us will start caring soon: dairy and meat prices are about to go way up.
According to dairy doomsayer and agricultural economist with the Department of Agriculture's Economic Research Service, Roger Hoskin, we might have to change the way we live in the most drastic way possible: by cutting back on cheese: "You'll see less cheese on pizzas and in salad bars," says Hoskin. I know this guy is just doing his scientist job and we're not supposed to kill the messenger and all that, but I dare this Hoskins to stop hiding behind the protection of the liberal media (aka USA Today) and say that shit to an actual American's face.
Anyway, we're not going to, like, actually run out of milk - "I can't imagine situations where you'd have people standing in line to get milk at the dairy counter," says Hoskins, which, finally some good news from this dude – but it will get annoyingly, and possibly prohibitively, expensive.
Here's kind of an explanation why the heat and drought are ruining our cheese-based dream life:
Temperatures in the 90s and above mean cows give less milk, and sky-high feed prices are making it more expensive to feed them. Add to that the cost dairies must pay for fans and sprinkler systems to keep the animals cool during long hot days and nights.
And here's how bad it will get, according to milk experts:
By August, the cost of a gallon of milk at the supermarket could rise by 10 to 15 cents and by Christmas an additional 25 cents on top of that, says Mary Ledman, chief analyst with the Daily Dairy Report in Libertyville, Ill.
Wholesale cheese prices are at about $1.72 a pound. "I expect the cheese price to get up to $1.95 in November," says Jerry Dryer, editor of the Dairy & Food Market Analyst in Delray Beach, Fla.
Milk prices are actually at record lows right now. So, and I doubt you need me to point this out to you, the obvious thing to do is buy a bunch of shredded mozzarella and whole milk from your local deli, store it for a few months, then sell it on eBay for probably millions of dollars. Everyone wins, unless you're a vegan in which case you should just shut up and go to space already.
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Twisted Schwinger Effect: Pair Creation in Rotating Fields
We study the nonperturbative pair production of particles induced by strong rotating electric fields. The excitations by tunneling become strongly chirality dependent due to nonadiabatic geometric effects. The threshold, i.e., Schwinger limit, even vanishes for particles with an optically allowed chirality. We explain these phenomena through the twisted Landau-Zener model proposed by M. V. Berry, and provide a quantitative understanding in terms of the geometric amplitude factor. As a condensed matter application, we make a nonperturbative analysis on the optically induced valley polarization in 2D Dirac materials. Furthermore, in 3D Dirac and Weyl materials with spin-orbit coupling, we predict the generation of a nonlinear spin or charge current in the direction of the laser propagation.
תאריך עדכון אחרון : 20/07/2020
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Olympic Airways plane crashes
The following are significant events involving the airline or its subsidiares. The numbered events are those involving at least one airline passenger death where the aircraft flight had a direct or indirect role, and where at least one of the dead passengers was not a stowaway, hijacker, or saboteur. Only events from from 1970 until 2009, when the airline ceased operations, are included below.
The airline called Olympic Air is a separate airline that started operations after the demise of Olympic Airways.
- 21 October 1972; Olympic Airways YS11; near Athens, Greece: The aircraft crashed into the sea during an approach in conditions of reduced visibility. One of the four crew members and 36 of the 49 passengers were killed.
- 23 November 1976; Olympic Airways YS11; near Kozani, Greece: During approach, the aircraft crashed into a hillside at the 4300 foot (1310 meter) level during a cloudy and rainy weather on a daytime flight. The four crew members and 46 passengers were all killed.
3 August 1989; Olympic Aviation Shorts 330; Samos, Greece: The aircraft into a hillside at the 3960 foot (1210 meter) level during a daylight approach in thick fog. All three crew members and 31 passengers were killed.
- 4 January 1998; Olympic Airways 747; flight 417; over Atlantic Ocean:
Prior to the flight from Athens to New York, a passenger who had asthma and a history of sensitivity to secondhand smoke requested seating in the non-smoking area of the aircraft. Once onboard, the passenger's family discovered that their assigned seats were three rows ahead of the economy class smoking section. This smoking section was not partitioned off from the non-smoking section. Prior to takeoff and during the flight, one of the passenger's family members made three requests of the cabin crew to switch seats, but the cabin crew did not arrange for a switch into one of the 11 available unoccupied seats on the aircraft. Several hours into the flight, the passenger suffered a reaction to the ambient smoke and died.
A U.S. District Court determined that exposure to ambient second-hand smoke was the primary cause of the passenger's death. The U.S. Supreme Court, in a decision made on 24 February 2004 (case 02-1348), held that this event constituted an accident under Article 17 of the Warsaw Convention, an international treaty that among other things defines an accident as something that is an unexpected or unusual event or happening that is external to the passenger. There were 411 passengers on the flight.
U.S. Court of Appeals case 00-17509, 12 December 2002
http://airsafe.com/events/airlines/olympic.htm -- Revised: 28 January 2017
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Often when you are including several charts to her report or task plan, it might be vital to have them every aligned to a appropriate baseline – a basic design principle. Take a look at this:
Btw, if you do not view “draw” menu, more than likely the drawing tool bar is no yet turned on.
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Sorting values in Olympic Medal Table format
It is Olympic season. Anyone I understand is tracking the games and also checking their country’s performance. One point that we notice when looking in ~ medal tally is,
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So, once you look at the ranking that countries, girlfriend see nations with single Gold medal higher up than nations with several Silver and Bronze medals (but no Gold).
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Category: Children's Books|
The author of the book: Robert Louis Stevenson
Format files: PDF, EPUB, TXT, DOCX
The size of the: 434 KB
Edition: Pavilion Children's Books
Date of issue: 1 December 2010
Description of the book "Michael Foreman's Treasure Island":* The classic adventure filled with pirates, treasure and tall ships * Stunningly illustrated by much-loved artist Michael Foreman * With an introduction by Michael Morpurgo * A wonderful, lavish gift book for any adventure-loving kid The classic story of high-seas adventure is brought stunningly to life by hugely popular illustrator Michael Foreman. This is the book that brought pirates into the popular imagination with its villain/hero, the peg-legged captain Long John Silver. Fabulous jewel-filled chests, treasure maps marked with X's, pirates with parrots and eye-patches - it is all here! THE ILLUSTRATOR Michael Foreman's books for PDF children have earned him widespread recognition as one of the world's leading illustrators. He has worked on a vast range of children's books, both his own and with writers such as Terry Jones and Michael Morpurgo. His own books include 'War Boy' and 'War Game' - winners of the Kate Greenaway Award and Smarties Book Prize respectively. He has also illustrated many classic stories such as 'Peter Pan and Wendy' and 'The Wind in the Willows'.
Reviews of the Michael Foreman's Treasure IslandTo date concerning the guide we have Michael Foreman's Treasure Island feedback end users have never still remaining their particular review of the game, or otherwise not make out the print however. But, in case you have already see this publication and you are therefore prepared to help to make their own studies well ask you to spend your time to go out of a critique on our website (we can release both bad and good testimonials). Put simply, "freedom regarding speech" All of us totally reinforced. The opinions to book Michael Foreman's Treasure Island -- some other visitors should be able to come to a decision in regards to book. This kind of aid will make us more Combined!
Robert Louis StevensonSadly, at this time we don't possess any information about the particular performer Robert Louis Stevenson. Even so, we will enjoy when you have virtually any information regarding it, and are also willing to supply it. Send out the item to all of us! The ways to access every one of the check, of course, if all the info are usually correct, we will publish on our site. It's very important for us that all genuine with regards to Robert Louis Stevenson. Many of us thanks a lot before hand if you are able to head to meet up with us all!
Download EBOOK Michael Foreman's Treasure Island for free
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RAJA T. ABBOUD, M.D.; THARWAT T. FERA, M.D.
ABBOUD RT, FERA TT. Elastase Activity in Cigarette Smokers. Ann Intern Med. 1988;108:486-487. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-108-3-486
Download citation file:
Published: Ann Intern Med. 1988;108(3):486-487.
To the editor: Weitz and associates (1) report increased elastase activity in smokers, as shown by a fivefold increase in plasma levels of the neutrophil elastase-derived fibrinopeptide A-alpha-1-21 in cigarette smokers compared with nonsmokers. The authors also reported a twofold elevation in plasma levels of the fibrinopeptide in cigarette smokers who had refrained from smoking for 12 hours, and then smoked three cigarettes.
Weitz and associates refer to studies on the effect of smoking on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (2-5); however, these studies report the activity of the elastase inhibitor alpha-1-antiprotease, but not neutrophil elastase activity or levels. Additional studies have
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Copyright © 2016 American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.
Print ISSN: 0003-4819 | Online ISSN: 1539-3704
Conditions of Use
This PDF is available to Subscribers Only
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San Diego relies heavily on the Colorado River. But at what cost? What are the alternatives?
Imagine the path a drop of water from high in the mountains takes to get to your faucet and what happens after it goes down the drain.
Help us advocate for better rainwater rebate programs to increase awareness about this important resourece.
A leak may be a sign you are ready for another tank!
Rainwater storage is a crucial resource for San Diego where 80% of our water resources are imported from hundreds of miles away. Storing hundreds of gallons onsite for your landscape can start now!
It’s time to clean your filters so the water can flow into your tanks clean!
Don’t be afraid to use the rain from the sky to grow food. Educate yourself and tell your friends, rainwater is the best for your veggies!
Rainwater catchment is an important consideration this fall. Make sure you are an educated consumer before spending your money. Cost is not the only consideration.
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Every new grad fears the same thing: no jobs. It was a gamble, then, when Chris Bailey decided to reject two major offers after graduating from Carlton University with a business degree.
Instead, Bailey spent a year experimenting with his lifestyle: less coffee, less alcohol, a smartphone blackout, earlier to bed, later to bed, complete isolation, weight training — all in the name of productivity.
And you can’t say he wasn’t productive; now, 26-year-old Bailey is a published author. His first book tracks his year of research into accomplishing more:The Productivity Project: Accomplishing More by Managing Your Time, Attention, and Energy (Random House Canada: $32).
Bailey recently sat down with the Star to share his advice. Coffee drinkers, listen up.
So you’re Mr. Productivity.
Your words (laughs).
Well, how productive has your day been today?
Very productive. You’re perfectly productive when you accomplish what you intend to. That intention behind your actions is like the wood behind an arrow. If you don’t do things deliberately, you’re just working on auto pilot in response to whatever comes your way.
What was your life like before you got into productivity? Were you just a mess in every aspect of your life?
I’ve been into productivity for the better part of a decade. I’ve always had the sense that we only have so much time to accomplish everything we need to. Because our time is so limited, why not use that as intelligently as we can?
There’s a bit of a spiritual undertone to that. Are you religious in any way?
I practise Buddhism. The part I like about Buddhism is you can take the parts that work for you and leave the rest. I love the idea of slowing down and the idea that happiness is coming to terms with how things change.
You say you’re “obsessed with becoming as productive as possible.” Why are you so obsessed?
It’s productivity not in the cold and corporate sense of the term. I simply see it as how much you accomplish. When you put it in those terms, who wouldn’t want more of that?
That gap between intention and action is what productivity I think in its best form is designed to bridge. Productivity without intention is pointless — that’s a good quote (laughs).
People might assume that after this year of productivity and after writing this book that you’re just a machine of accomplishment. How accomplished do you see yourself?
The thing about intention is only a robot achieves what they intend to 100 per cent of the time. Intention is what makes us human. There are always obstacles to whatever we intend to accomplish. The most productive people, including myself — someone who has invested in his productivity for a while — we don’t achieve what we intend to 100 per cent of the time either. As much as I’d love to eat incredibly most days, at the end of the day, sometimes I love butter chicken and pizza way too much.
Let’s talk about coffee. You write that between 9:30 and 11:30 a.m. might be the best time to drink it. Why is that?
It’s when we naturally have a dip in energy based on the cortisol levels. Caffeine can make you more productive; there’s no question about it. Everybody who’s had caffeine knows this. But there is a caveat and that is you have to pay that energy back later on in the day. If you consume a cup of coffee, you invariably crash, depending on your body make up, about eight to 14 hours later. It varies so much depending on the person. You really have to think what’s right for you.
You can kind of move some energy from later in the day to now when you have a coffee. Doing that is worth doing before you work on a task that’s important. Like before you give an important presentation, if you happen to be an extrovert, it will help you. If you’re an introvert it won’t help you as much.
Why is that?
Introverts are more stimulated by their environment by default. So the extra caffeine can sometimes push them to be overstimulated by their environment. They might do better with something noncaffeinated.
Another vice — how does alcohol consumption affect productivity?
I see it as a way of borrowing energy and happiness from the next day and moving it to today. But you have to pay that back with interest later on. There are costs, but it goes back to the idea of intention and deliberateness. When you do things deliberately, like consume caffeine deliberately and with intention when you’ll actually benefit from it — as opposed to just habitually — that’s where the biggest room for gains are.
BAILEY’S Productivity LAB
During his “year of productivity” Bailey turned his life into a laboratory. These are some of his experiments and what he learned.
Waking up early is what productivity dreams are made of — or so he thought. For this test, Bailey woke up at 5:30 a.m., meditated, went to the gym, made a big breakfast, had a coffee and caught up with the news.
“It’s so not what I want to do,” he says now after spending three months adjusting to the early-bird routine. In the end, he didn’t actually accomplish that much (less in fact), and besides, “I realized I absolutely hated it.”
Here’s where Bailey might start to sound crazy. He purposefully lived in total isolation for 10 days. He didn’t talk to anyone or expose himself to any sunlight during that time.
“If an apocalypse happened and you were the only person left in the world, it wouldn’t matter how productive you are,” Bailey says of his conclusions. “Nobody is there to share it with or to experience the benefits of your productivity whether it’s your family, your company, regardless. People are the reason for productivity.”
How often do you check your phone? Do you feel that little high every time a notification buzzes on your thigh? Imagine giving yourself just one hour of every day to check your phone. That’s what Bailey did — for three whole months.
“At first it was so difficult,” he recalls. “Most if not all of the things we do on our smartphone are so low-return relative to what other things we could be doing in the moment. But we feel productive when we use technology, because it’s so stimulating.”
Bailey hit the gym as part of his year of productivity. Gaining 10 pounds of muscle mass wasn’t just a personal goal but a test. How did it affect his energy? Not at all, as it turns out. But cardiovascular exercise did.
“We are exposed to more stress in a modern work environment today than we have ever experienced in human history,” he says. “We used to encounter an odd sabre-toothed tiger in the wild every once in a while. But we never have encountered an email every five minutes like we do today. With that constant battering on our stress levels, the gym is a way to simulate this fight-or-flight response that we used to get with the tiger, but in a controlled environment, which gives us an outlet for our stress that isn’t fatigue.”
For a whole month, Bailey alternated between a 90-hour work week and a 20-hour work week. He thought he accomplished more during the 90-hour weeks — at least at first.
“I actually accomplished so little working 90 hours a week. I accomplished about the same amount in the 20-hour weeks,” he says. This is the idea of Parkinson’s law, which says that work expands to fill the amount of time available. When you give yourself less time, you work harder.
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Assistant Professor - Rehabilitation Sciences
Phone: (239) 590-7555
Office: Marieb Hall 405
Sue blew into Florida during Hurricane Charley in 2004. She earned her undergraduate degree in Occupational Therapy from Boston University and her master’s degree in School Psychology and doctoral degree in Educational Psychology from American International College (AIC) in Springfield, MA. Sue served on the occupational therapy faculty at AIC from 1996-2004. Sue also completed a Certificate of Advanced Graduate Study (C.A.G.S.) in Educational Psychology at AIC. She is licensed as an occupational therapist and certified as a school psychologist in Florida. Her professional areas of expertise include psychosocial and pediatric occupational therapy and service learning in community settings.
- Mental Health
- Health and Wellness
Mentoring Graduates OT Student Oucomes Research Projects for Professional Devlopment and Research
Research project for Fall 2014 was pursued through a collaboration with the CEO of Hope Clubhouse of Southwest Florida, Inc. The focus of the research was to investigate the social participation/leisure time pursuits and education of clubhouse members with diagnosis of severe mental illness. The purpose of the project was to introduce and connect members with community agencies and opportunities outside the clubhouse for social and educational pursuits. A ten week intervention program entitled, The HOPE Community Integration Program (HCIP) was carried out with the members in May 2014 through July 2014. A student poster was presented at the Florida Occupational Therapy 2014 Annual Conference in November 2014.
Research project for Fall 2013 involved the development, execution, and outcomes of a health and wellness program at the Hope Clubhouse of Southwest Florida, Inc.. Indiviuals with severe mental illnesses (SMI) are at a higher risk of co-morbid health problems and lower quality of life. The Healthy Lifestyles Design (HLD) Program consisted of 16 sessions and educated members about the topics of nutrition, physical activity, spirituality, and tobacco awareness through engagemetn in meaningful goal-directed occupation. The projected outcomes were to empower members to engage in health lifestyle activities and establish resources for members within the clubhouse and community for sustainable health and wellness. A journal publication of the poject is listed below.
Health and Wellness for Members in a Psychosocial Rehabilitation Clubhouse Participating in a Health Lifestyle Design Program. Occupational Therapy in Mental Health Journal, 2015, 31(1).
Self-Determination: A Curriculum of Empowerment for Health and Wellness in a Psychosocial Rehabilitation Clubhouse. Occcupational Therapy in Mental Health Journal. 2014, 30 (2).
Hope Clubhouse of Southwest Florida, Inc.
- Board of Directors - Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors for 2014 and 2015. Elected to the board in 2012.
- Program Commitee, 2012-2014
- Program Chairman, 2013-2014
- Member of the Buiding Committee, 2013-2014
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Chickpeas, commonly known as garbanzo beans, are protein-rich and healthy. The chickpea is a bushy annual legume with dark green complex leaves that resemble vetch. Chickpeas have inflated, oblong pods that are approximately 1 inch (2.5cm) long and almost as broad. Depending on the cultivar, flowers are white or violet.
What Are Chickpeas?
Chickpeas (Cicer arietinum) are a wrinkled, medium-sized legume (Fabaceae) family member. Chickpeas come in two varieties: Desi and Kabuli. The bean’s form, size, and color determine the kind. Most household vegetable gardens cultivate Kabuli chickpeas. Plant the cool-weather crop soon before the season’s last frost.
Chickpeas are one of the world’s oldest bean crops, dating back to 8500 BC in Turkey and the Mediterranean. Now a popular crop worldwide, especially in India where the Desi chickpea reigns dominant.
Chickpeas How to Grow
The seeds of the chickpea plant are the dried or tinned chickpeas. These seeds develop within green pods on bushy plants that flourish in the early spring’s chilly season.
Due to their cold-weather tolerance, chickpeas are best started in early spring, about a week before your area’s last frost date. When the weather is good:
Planting area prepare, For optimal results, plant chickpeas in full sun for at least six hours every day. Chickpeas like loose, well-drained soil, not soggy soil. Chickpea plants don’t need much nutrition; just a little natural compost in the soil will do.
Inoculate seeds (optional). Inoculate your chickpea seeds with Rhizobium leguminosarum, which is widely accessible at garden stores (look for inoculant specifically labeled for chickpea or garbanzo bean seeds). Before planting, dry the seeds in the shade.
Plant seeds. Plant chickpea seeds in rows, two inches apart, with three to five inches between holes. Rows should be 12 inches apart. Despite the near spacing, the plants are able to sustain one other and survive.
Water. Water sparingly after planting to help settle the soil and keep it wet for germination. Too much wetness might fracture the seeds during germination.
Thin. When chickpea seedlings are three inches tall, thin them by picking out seedlings growing next to each other, leaving four to six inches between plants.
Care for Garbanzo Beans
Water and food Until chickpeas emerge from the soil, keep planting beds equally wet. During blooming and pod production, water frequently. Avoid overhead irrigation that might damage blooms and pods. Mulch in the weather to retain soil moisture. Before planting, add old compost to planting beds. Compost chickpeas mid-season. Avoid fertilizing planting beds with nitrogen. Chickpeas, like other legumes, exchange nitrogen molecules with soil microbes called nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
Handling chickpeas that are damp or dewy might spread fungus spores. To avoid disturbing chickpeas’ thin root structure, keep planting plots weed-free. Rotate chickpeas and other legumes to improve soil nitrogen.
Pests. Aphids, flea beetles, leafhoppers, and mites damage chickpeas. Aphids, leafhoppers, or mites can be killed using a hose or insecticidal soap. Find eggs and infestations and smash them. Pinch huge infestations out. Bean mosaic virus is propagated by aphids. So that pests cannot breed or overwinter in your garden, keep it clean.
Diseases. Chickpeas can get blight, mosaic, and anthracnose. Species resistant to illness Keep the garden neat and tidy. Handle plants dry to avoid spreading fungus spores. Removed sick plants; bagged and discarded. Chickpeas are prone to several soil-borne illnesses; rotating beans every three years will help prevent soil-borne infections.
Tips Growing Garbanzo Beans / Chickpeas
If you’re new to growing chickpeas, here are some tips:
Plant pal. With most garden plants since chickpeas are nitrogen-fixers, their roots contain healthy bacteria-filled nodules that supply the soil with needed nitrogen. Summer savory and cucumbers are popular companions. Avoid growing chickpeas near alliums (particularly garlic) because they emit a toxin that stunts legume development. Avoid growing chickpeas near disease-prone plants like potatoes or soybeans.
Handle when drier. It’s best not to avoid chickpea leaves or pods after a fungus or morning dew, as this can spread fungus.
Handle the roots with care. Chickpea plants have shallow root systems, so avoid damaging them. When weeding, gently pluck off roots around the chickpea plants’ base.
Inoculate. Some farmers of pulse crops go one step further and inoculate the seeds with a bacteria that promotes nitrogen fixation, strengthens the plant, and increases production. Inoculate your chickpeas by combining the seeds with the commercial inoculant Rhizobia cicero. Before planting, dry the seeds in the shade.
Chickpeas Harvest and Storage
Harvest. Chickpeas are ready to harvest 100 days after planting. Fresh chickpeas may be selected while immature and green, and eaten like snap beans. Harvest the entire plant after the leaves have withered and turned brown; dry the pods on a flat, warm surface. Harvest seed when pods split. When eaten, dry seeds scarcely dent.
Keeping and saving. Unshelled chickpeas keep for a week in the fridge. Dried chickpeas will keep for a year in a cold, dry place. Chickpeas can be canned or frozen.
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If you want to grow hanging tomato plants, choose a pot that will give the tomato plenty of room to grow, with a mix of cocoa and soil, and hang the plants in sunlight or near a grow light. A professional garden store manager explains in this free video on tomatoes and indoor vegetable gardens.
Expert: Tamara Sourakli
Bio: Tamara Sourakli manages Sunland Hydroponics in Los Angeles, California. She helps customers out with supplies, equipment, and tips for setting up indoor and outdoor gardens.
Filmmaker: Max Cusimano
Series Description: Tomatoes can grow happily in outdoor vegetable gardens as long as you know certain techniques for planting, feeding and tending them properly in this environment. Get professional tips on how to make your indoor garden grow in this free video series.
video source: www.youtube.com
Visit www.nurserylive.com : Largest online nursery that delivers 6000 + plants, seeds, pots & pebbles to you home across India.
Buy Plants >> | Buy Seeds >> | Buy Pots >> | Buy Pebbles >> | Buy Soil & Fertilizer
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Technology on cell-phones is more than fashion forward. The company Infopia USA has the patent for a glucophone.
This LG phone has a glucometer built in. The phone works alongside the company's Eocene diabetic management system. Results are sent to a secure server which graphs and helps manage your disease.
Only authorized users will have access to your account.
It's perfect for children whose parents are constantly wondering if the child tests enough, automatic texts of results can be set up, as well as reminder alarms.
No more logbooks!
Cell Phones for Diabetics
More Stats +/-
18 Inventions for Diabetics
Interchangeable Workout Weights
Clothing Closet Steamers
Durable Color-Blocked Bags
Top 100 Menswear Trends in 2016
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Len Penzo hosted an anonymous guest poster who had some strong things to say about donating to charity. Basically, he thinks that he’s given enough to charity and gives us 8 reasons why he wants to keep his money to himself.
Unfortunately, he is wrong. In fact, we should be donating MORE to charity. Here’s why:
1. Charity donations are tax-deductible.
Sure, some portion of taxes go to helping those in need (welfare, disaster relief, etc.), but if we donate $100, we get a large portion of that back if we list it as tax deductible. Suddenly your $100 donation is only $65 out of your pocket. The point is to actually give the money away, remember? So up your donation to $150 and you’ll be effectively giving the $100 you planned.
2. Giving now is better than giving in the future.
It may seem like a small amount now, but a dollar today is worth more than a dollar tomorrow. Don’t wait until you’re super rich to give to charity. Your $100 now may have a larger impact on you now, but it also have a larger impact on the charity than if you waited 5 years to give that $100, when inflation knocks that value down to about $85.
3. You can double your contributions without doing any work.
Instead of simply sending off your money, why not find out if anyone is offering to match? Sites like Donation Doubler have lists of companies that will match your charitable contribution. Find one you like and suddenly you contribution goes twice as far! In many cases, employers match contributions. If your company is one of them, take advantage of it!
4. You really CAN make a difference.
If you think your small donation will just be a drop in the bucket, you’re not looking hard enough. There are lots of charities that need your money desperately, and if you want to see the impact of your charity, do a little research in your area to find charities that need the money most. Local food banks at a great place to start and if you take a minute to stop by the charity you choose, you’ll see just how much your small donation matters to the people who benefit from it.
5. You’re just going to blow it on something dumb anyway.
As pious as you are, there’s still extra money in your budget somewhere. Create a budget for charity donations, so some of your extra money (each month or each year) will go to charity. Use your spending money to make a difference instead of spending it on Brookstone goods you’ll use once. And if you think you don’t have enough, take the 25 raise you’ll be earning next year and put that toward a charity fund. For someone making $30,000, that’s about $500 donated next year!
6. You’ll help yourself at the same time.
Studies show that when individuals spend money on gifts for friends or charitable organizations, their happiness increases while those who spend on themselves get no such boost. Even Scrooge can agree that everyone wins when we give to charity. So if you’re selfish, there’s yet another reason to give to others.
7. If you don’t help now, you never will.
Don’t pretend that instead of giving money, you’re going to donate time. When was the last time you volunteered at a soup kitchen? Don’t let your mind fall for this trick. Send the money now or you’ll end up giving nothing. And if you don’t get into the habit of giving now, you’ll fall into a rut in the future. Stat giving now, even if it’s a small amount, and you’ll be doing yourself a favor in the future as well.
8. Be a leader, not a follower.
Since other people don’t donate, you don’t want to either? Your friends are probably in credit card debt, too. Are you sure you want to follow their lead? If your friends know you’re giving to charity, they’ll be encouraged as well so your small donation will suddenly have the effect you were looking for.
Readers, What do you think? Which argument is more convincing? Should we be donating more or less this year?
This post was originally published in December 2010 and has been updated for relevance.
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Santa Cruz County man dies from flu
A Santa Cruz County man who is less than 50 years old died from the flu, county public health educator Laurie Lang said Monday.
Two more Santa Cruz County residents who are less than 50 years old also likely died from the flu, but state health officials have not confirmed their official causes of deaths yet.
Health officials in Monterey, San Benito and Santa Cruz counties said they have a strong supply of flu shots and anyone who wants to be vaccinated is encouraged to get one.
Flu activity is up across California and the dominant strain this season is H1N1.
The only atypical thing seen this year is that the most common strain has been H1N1, which became known as swine flu during a 2009 outbreak. It was dubbed swine flu because it was being seen for the first time in humans.
Since then, "it's established itself very nicely in the human population," said Dr. Michael Jhung, a medical officer in the CDC's flu division. H1N1 has been seen every season since 2009 in people and is no longer referred to as swine flu. The strain is so common that it was included in this year's vaccination, Jhung said.
Flu vaccines are recommended for everyone 6 months and older, especially pregnant women and those at high risk of complications, including the elderly, children younger than 5 years and those with underlying medical conditions such as asthma or diabetes. Antiviral medications are a good treatment if you do get sick, Jhung said, particularly those at high risk for complications. Ideally, antivirals should be started within two days of when symptoms appear.
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|
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| 0.987369
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| 1.984375
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|
Книгу можно купить в интернет-магазинах:
· OZON.ru 2373р. [Проверить наличие]
ISBN: 0766850080Издательство: OnWord Press
Microsofts new .NET initiative is quickly beginning to revolutionize the programming industry with its new object oriented products, one of which is C#.NET. Ted Coombs Programming With C#.NET contains all that a programmer or developer needs to know about C#.NET. This book covers the features of the new program, differences between the last version of C++ and the new C#, and how the new features affect the work process and the final results of programming. The format of the book makes it easy for readers to follow the topics and quickly learn all the key points and finer details of migrating to C#.NET. New productivity features that developers need to rapidly create Web applications are presented, as well as ways that the software will simplify and streamline the developing process. The programs new support for Web Forms, Web Services, and object-oriented language features are all covered within Programming With C#.NET.
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://www.libring.ru/books/114898
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| 0.865276
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Effect of humidity and a superabsorbent polymer formulation on the efficacy of Heterorhabditis zealandica (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) to control codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
The original publication is available at http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/cbst20/current#.UrPeI7QgrZd
Adequate moisture levels are required for nematode survival and subsequent efficacy as entomopathogens. Formulation of nematodes aimed at aboveground applications may assist in maintaining such moisture levels. In this study, we report the effects of a superabsorbent polymer formulation, Zeba® on the performance of an entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis zealandica Poinar, for controlling diapausing codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) larvae in cryptic habitats on trees. Water activity (aw-value) on bark was considered to be an indication of moisture levels on trees in cryptic habitats where codling moth larvae are known to occur, thereby influencing nematode efficacy. H. zealandica was only able to infect codling moth larvae at aw≥0.92, with aw50=0.94 and aw90=0.96.
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/85891
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| 0.841016
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| 2
|
I had a chance to see the controversial new film 2016:Obama’s America. I hadn’t paid much attention to it until it became the highest grossing conservative documentary of all time. After seeing the film, I felt quite bemused by the story line. The film is based on conservative activist Dinesh D’Souza’s 2010 book titled The Roots of Obama’s Rage. The book and film claim that the basis for Obama’s political ideology comes from the radical “Founding Fathers” in his life, such as Palestinian scholar Edward Said, Weather Underground founder Bill Ayers, liberation theologian Jeremiah Wright and communist writer Franklin Marshall Davis. However, Obama was apparently mostly influenced by his biological father Barack Obama Sr. – a man he had only met once as a child. The elder Obama was a staunch anti-colonial socialist who played a role in Kenya’s independence.
And from this D’Souza theorizes that President Obama has a yearning to carry out his late father’s radical beliefs, as if he were a modern day Robin Hood stealing from the West to give back what was “stolen” from the developing world.
“He is trying to reduce America’s footprint in the world by stepping on America,” said D’Souza before a recent gathering hosted by Americans for Prosperity.
But what is so wrong with anti-colonialism, or the notion of anti-colonialism?
Last time I checked, the United States was a country built upon the ideals of anti-colonialism. D’Souza must have forgotten about the original “tea party” that fought against British tax policies by throwing tea into the Boston Harbor. D’Souza was born in India, a country that has its own colonial legacy with Britain. He also says that he came to the United States to pursue the great “American Dream” by attending Dartmouth College and becoming an advisor for the Reagan administration – a dream he claims he would not have been able to pursue in India.
D’Souza contends that Obama is an American (that’s right; D’Souza is not a birther) who also had the same opportunity for that American dream, but has instead used his opportunity by manipulating people using his biracial heritage and dynamic speaking ability from college to the White House, all while secretly harboring his Marxist ideas of bringing down the country.
In the movie, D’Souza cites a number of examples of Obama degrading America, such as cutting back financial and military support to Israel, siding with Argentina’s claim to the Falkland Islands and allegedly backing the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt. D’Souza went as far as getting the president’s half brother George Obama to admit that Kenya was better off under British colonial rule.
Coincidentally, this movie’s release came around the same time as the Non Alignment Movement (NAM) summit in Tehran. NAM was set up in 1961 to create a buffer zone for newly independent countries that wanted to find their own identity instead of siding with the United States or the Soviet Union during the Cold War.
However, in recent years it has been criticized for not being relevant. But given that 120 countries are represented at the summit and host country Iran has become the center of the world’s attention with its nuclear testing and its growing tension with Israel, NAM is possibly more relevant now than ever. Iran is taking over as NAM’s chair through 2015, and this could make some big political waves in the near future. Furthermore, many of the issues that were the foundation of NAM’s birth 50 years ago still exist in the formerly colonized world, such as racism, foreign aggression, hegemony and neo-colonialism.
Considering that D’Souza comes from one of the founding countries of NAM, it comes as a bit of a surprise that he would hold the views that being anti-colonial is being anti-American or even anti-freedom. Doesn’t the world need less racism, foreign aggression, hegemony and neo-colonialism? If Obama wants to make the world a fairer place or be Robin Hood, is that really a bad thing? Isn’t this part of the American dream too? It is outrageous to say otherwise.
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This article, written by Park Howell, the founder and president of Phoenix advertising, branding and public relations agency Park&Co, original appeared here. Howell has more than 30 years of experience in advertising. He is a brand strategist and the host and speaker on the Business of Story podcast.
While storytelling has become ubiquitous in advertising, and numerous books tell you why stories are important for your brand, I can actually show you how to craft and tell compelling stories that sell.
“He who tells sells,” is a universal marketing mantra for a reason. Stories work, but they take work. I am finishing my book, Story Built, which will help you create a more authentic and powerful brand story through the proven 10-step method called the Story Cycle.
The Story Cycle is a story creation process distilled from the timeless narrative structure of the ancients, inspired by the screenwriters of Hollywood, influenced by masters of persuasion, guided by trend seers, and informed by how the mind grapples for meaning.
What I have learned is that the Story Cycle is a fundamental blueprint for the journeys we all experience and the tales we tell about our travels. Because stories are everywhere in our lives, we have found that business leaders who attend to their brands – like an author writes a book, or a director directs a movie – typically outperform their competition because they understand their own story, appreciate the journeys their customers are on, and connect the two worlds through shared values captured in narrative.
Smart story marketers have evolved from being promoters of stuff to publishers of valued content. They view consumers as allies. For instance, Patagonia, with its “Don’t Buy This Jacket”campaign, has reframed the story of retail consumption-for-consumption-sake by encouraging their customers to not buy the company’s products unless they are really needed. Patagonia is connecting the values it shares with its customer of enjoying the planet and reducing their impact through the stories they live and tell.
Red Bull calls out the daredevil in all of us, especially the one that lives vicariously through the feats of others. The brand stages and documents these exploits through Red Bull’s photo, film and publishing empire. Why? Because stories let us try on trouble. We get to emotionally experience it without all the messy aftermath. Stories allow Red Bull to give us wings.
Blake Mycoskie’s story began in Buenos Aires when he noticed that many of the children there had no shoes. He created Toms Shoes, a brand that would donate a pair of shoes for every pair its customers bought. He didn’t invent a story for his brand. He created the brand to fulfill his story. The brand IS the story.
Storytelling allows brands to explore their core morals and beliefs, authentically share these principles through compelling narrative, and intimately connect with the shared values of their customers.
We use the Story Cycle for everything from high-level brand strategy to the tactical executions of advertising campaigns. At 50,000 feet, the 10-step process allows you to build consensus among your company’s leadership for what your brand truly stands for.
You can use the Story Cycle to research and write personas about each of your audiences, customers, and/or users, which builds empathy for what it is they want out of life and how you can help them achieve it.
In another iteration, the Story Cycle guides the creative campaign development process, assuring that the personality of your brand is convincingly expressed to engage with your audiences. Where you tell your story is as important as how well you tell it. Therefore, the Story Cycle is also a natural way to map your communications plan, because it helps you align your stories with the channels your customers prefer.
On the tactical level, the Story Cycle is ideal for website user design, because it approaches navigation from an experiential perspective: the journey your visitor will take on your site. The process encourages you to consider how your user will interact with your site just as if a story is unfolding before them. Although you are authoring the experience, the user is driving it. It is a symbiotic experience that when done well will truly separate your online storytelling from the competition.
Speaking of user experience, when was the last time you were blown away by a powerpoint presentation? Watch any of the top TEDTalks, presentations by thought leaders in technology, entertainment and design from around the world, and you will see the under carriage of the Story Cycle.
These speakers seem to inherently understanding story structure, and they use it to their advantage. When you use the Story Cycle to outline and create your next presentation, you will own the boardroom. Minds will be open and receptive to your thoughts because you are presenting in a way that the brain is hardwired to receive the information. It physically recoils from stats and facts, while it can’t resist the suction of story.
Now I’m not suggesting that you can go through the Story Cycle once and all of these communication strategies and tactics will magically appear. What I am saying is that we have applied this same intentional 10-step process to each of these brand storytelling activities with remarkable results, which will be detailed in the book.
What I have learned is that storytelling is a fractal of itself, meaning that our lives follow this same story pattern whether we’re on some grand pursuit or trudging through tedium. The Story Cycle happens time and again, in roughly the same sequence, expanding with every virtuous revolution.
One thing to remember as we explore the 10 steps of the Story Cycle is the fundamental three-act structure of story. In the simplest of terms, stories have a beginning, middle and an end.
In argument, as in story, Plato defined these elements as thesis, antithesis, and synthesis. In music, the greats like Mozart wrote in the three-part sonata form that involved an exposition, development, and resolution. American mythologist Joseph Campbell titled these events separation, initiation, and return. In Hollywood, the classical narrative structure is setup, confrontation, and resolution.
Pay particular attention to UH-OH, or act act II, because that is where conflict lives. No conflict, no story.
Think about it in business. Without considerable market disruption, we have little opportunity for new product or service offerings.
Without the heat of escalating customer demands, we lose our thirst for excellence.
Without competitors bearing down on us, we stop pursuing innovation. Without the threat of supply chain upheaval, we have little incentive to become more efficient and sustainable.
Without vocal communities calling out our shortcomings as a company, we have little reason to step up our corporate social responsibility initiatives.
And without the clamor of social media that drowns out our messages, we are not inspired to become potent storytellers.
Joseph Campbell, America’s foremost mythologist, said that the treasure you seek is buried within the conflict you fear. This is true in every story, and stories are simply the reflections of our lives.
Once you learn how to put the Story Cycle to work for you, like an alchemist, you can turn the heat and raw elements of market conflict into gold.
If you ever find yourself lost on this journey to understand your story, then begin with what my friend, Randy Olson, calls the “And, But and Therefore” method. This is the three-act structure in its most basal form (It was inspired by South Park creator, Trey Parker. If it’s good enough for Cartmen, it’s good enough for me.)
The And is the setup, the But is the conflict, and the Therefore is the resolution. You can read all about it in his superb book on storytelling called Connection: Hollywood Storytelling Meets Critical Thinking, or his latest book, Houston, We Have a Narrative.
Let me give you an example. The following is the And, But and Therefore foundation for this book:
I have been in the advertising business for 30 years, and have experienced many successes, a few mediocre missteps, and a spectacular failure or two.
But technology has changed the marketing landscape forever by enabling the voices of all consumers with a 24/7 global reach that empowers them to own your brand story.
Therefore, now that the influence of mass media has surrendered to the masses who have become the media, brands must transform from promoters of stuff to publishers of meaningful content that connects shared values to drive business results through the one true superpower we all posses – storytelling.
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23 January, 2022
Wellness is a state of complete physical, mental, social and spiritual wellness. It is a dynamic procedure that involves several determinants, a few of which are individual options, as well as others that are architectural. In order to attain health, people need to take on healthy and balanced way of lives and also prevent unhealthy circumstances. While the majority of these variables can be managed, others can not. There are a number of variables that affect wellness as well as are outside of an individual’s control.
The foundational constitution of the Globe Wellness Company (THAT) defines health and wellness as a state of full physical, psychological, as well as social well-being. This document was embraced in 1946 as well as is an overview to healthy and balanced living. It was made to surpass a negative perception of health, which emphasizes absence of illness and is based upon the absence of pathology. The starting constitution emphasizes the importance of an individual’s social, emotional, and intellectual growth, as well as the components of wellness. more info
As health is a source for the day-to-day life of individuals, it must be taken into consideration a right. It stresses physical and also social capacities. A person’s ability to keep homeostasis as well as recover from adverse occasions is taken into consideration a significant element of health. Psychological and also emotional wellness describes the person’s capability to cope with anxiety, create skills, as well as maintain relationships. The most crucial determinant of wellness is a healthy and balanced lifestyle.
The third definition of health concentrates on the person. It does not end with removing illness and lowering danger elements. It needs to include scales of values and include people. If a person worths their wellness, they will certainly take positive actions to stop disease and stay healthy and balanced. The concept of wellness is a fundamental right of every human. This right is vital for the advancement of peace and also success. Nevertheless, the pursuit of a high requirement of health and wellness is not constantly feasible for each individual.
In general, health and wellness is specified as the lack of condition. Likewise, wellness is a resource for everyday life. It stresses social, individual, and also physical capabilities. It refers to an individual’s capacity to maintain homeostasis and recover from negative events. It likewise consists of psychological as well as psychological capacity. A person’s capacity to discover and preserve relationships is an essential part of overall health and wellness. This is vital in keeping a favorable mindset as well as being healthy and balanced. click here
The definition of health is a fundamental right. Generally, it describes an individual’s physical, social, and also emotional well-being. It is a fundamental human right. The capability to be healthy is the basis of peace and also prosperity. A person has to take the effort to seek this right. Yet wellness is not the same for everybody. Actually, it can be different for every individual. If an individual is experiencing depression or anxiousness, that person does not have health and wellness.
The Globe Health Organization (THAT) specifies wellness as a state of full physical, psychological, and social well-being that is free from ailment or impairment. The WHO states that genetics as well as health care compose only 15% of an individual’s wellness, while the other 80% is figured out by social factors. These variables shape the lifestyle as well as stop disease. People’s lives are formed by their situations and the plans and institutions they live under.
The Globe Wellness Organization (WHO) has actually outlined the elements of wellness. According to that, wellness is the lack of disease, injury, or fatality. The biopsychosocial version, which focuses on social, emotional, as well as physical components, is a much better way to define wellness. It is the synergy of all these elements that establish an individual’s quality of life. The that specifies that health is not just the lack of illness yet a state of total health.
The Globe Health and wellness Organization’s constitution entered effect in 1948 and also identifies wellness as a human right. The right to enjoy the greatest obtainable level of wellness is a basic human right. The enjoyment of good health depends upon the full co-operation of people. Unequal advancement in the promo of health and wellness is one of the usual threats we deal with. To achieve this objective, we must make sure to avoid and treat ailments as well as stay in great physical and also mental condition.
The Globe Health Company’s interpretation of wellness consisted of the lack of condition. The WHO recommends that this meaning of wellness no more offers its function which the emphasis must get on a person’s capacity to self-manage and also adjust to transform. This is an extra holistic technique to wellness. It determines a wider range of resources for wellness as well as includes the capability to be an accountable citizen as well as a good citizen. They also specify health as the capability to carry out well in social settings.
For many people, health is the most vital source for their life. It is the source of strength, energy, as well as capacity. An individual’s health and wellness is an essential human right. It is necessary to the capacity to carry out day-to-day jobs. As an example, an individual might be a pupil, an instructor, or an employee. A work is a job. It is not only crucial to be literally healthy and balanced however to be psychologically solid, as well. chiropractic near me
For lots of people, health and wellness is an essential resource. It is a resource for life and also consists of physical, mental, as well as social wellness. It is a right for every human. The highest degree of wellness is vital to tranquility as well as prosperity. It is a critically important human right. It is additionally important to an individual’s happiness. It is essential to boost their quality of life. The most fundamental part of wellness is being healthy.
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New King James Version
24 So the woman bore a son and called his name (A)Samson; and (B)the child grew, and the Lord blessed him. 25 (C)And the Spirit of the Lord began to move upon him at [a]Mahaneh Dan (D)between Zorah and (E)Eshtaol.
Samson’s Philistine Wife
14 Now Samson went down (F)to Timnah, and (G)saw a woman in Timnah of the daughters of the Philistines. 2 So he went up and told his father and mother, saying, “I have seen a woman in Timnah of the daughters of the Philistines; now therefore, (H)get her for me as a wife.”
And Samson said to his father, “Get her for me, for [b]she pleases me well.”
5 So Samson went down to Timnah with his father and mother, and came to the vineyards of Timnah.
Now to his surprise, a young lion came roaring against him. 6 And (M)the Spirit of the Lord came mightily upon him, and he tore the lion apart as one would have torn apart a young goat, though he had nothing in his hand. But he did not tell his father or his mother what he had done.
7 Then he went down and talked with the woman; and she pleased Samson well.
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Measuring Cyber-readiness; promoting capacity building & knowledge sharing high on the agenda
Cyber criminals are often one step ahead of the field in the battle to prevent misuse of information and communication technology.
In response, more must be done as challenges to cybersecurity such as denial-of-service attacks, identity and data theft, and destructive malware proliferate and become more sophisticated
This was the message delivered by ITU Telecommunication Development Bureau Director Brahima Sanou, at a special event on "Measuring Countries' Readiness and Building Capacity on Cybersecurity" held on the sidelines of ITU's sixth quadrennial World Telecommunications Development Conference (WTDC10-14) currently in session in Dubai in the United Arab Emirates (see the
archive of the event's webcast).
The fact that around one million images of child pornography are currently on the Internet and that another 50,000 are being uploaded each year was cited as a flagrant example of online abuse.
To better gauge the extent of the misuse of ICT for criminal or other purposes in individual countries and their capacity to counter cyber threats, the ITU has launched a
Global Cybersecurity Index (GCI). The GCI, developed in partnership with
ABI Research, was presented at a special event in Dubai on 2 April and reinforces ITU's commitment to strengthening cybersecurity by awareness raising and building capacity at the national level, particularly in developing countries. It will compare national cybersecurity levels and indicate countries with the most successful cybersecurity strategies for possible replication elsewhere.
Chief of the ITU Telecommunication Development Bureau Policies and Strategies Department, Mr Mario Maniewicz, noted that, based on questionnaire responses received by ITU Member States, a first analysis of cybersecurity development in the Arab region has been compiled and one for the Africa region is under way. The objective is to release an initial global cybersecurity status report by the end of the year.
ITU Cybersecurity Coordinator Marco Obiso noted that 44 countries had so far responded to the questionnaire.
Chief Strategy Officer Aaron Boyd from ABI Research, who are partnering with ITU to develop the GCI, stated that it would represent a "strong reflection of the commitment that each country makes to cybersecurity."
"Greater connectivity also brings with it greater risk," said ITU Secretary-General Hamadoun I. Touré. "As our physical and cyber worlds overlap, there is an increased need to address the related challenges of ensuring security, human rights, rule of law, good governance and economic development."
"In embracing technological progress, cybersecurity must form an integral and indivisible part of that process," said Mr Sanou. "Unfortunately, cybersecurity is not yet at the core of many national and industrial technology strategies. Countries need to be aware of their current capability level in cybersecurity and at the same time identify areas where cybersecurity needs to be enhanced."
"The GCI is a measure of each nation state's level of cybersecurity development. The GCI aims at providing the right motivation to countries to intensify their efforts in cybersecurity. The ultimate goal is to help foster a global culture of cybersecurity and its integration at the core of information and communication technologies."
"With the support of each and every Member States, we wish to successfully bring to you a global status of cybersecurity for 2014. I invite you to support the GCI and give us any feedback that will help us improve it by effectively sharing your experience, opinion and concerns. Help us provide you with a tool that will grow, that will help you gauge your cybersecurity readiness and take informed decisions to foster a global culture of cybersecurity," he concluded.
In line with its Global Cybersecurity Agenda, ITU has consolidated its global alliance with governments, academia and industry experts to promote a culture of cybersecurity awareness and a holistic approach to counter misuses of online networks. Altogether 149 ITU Member States have joined this global effort, cooperating among themselves and with ITU at the global level.
In collaboration with United Nations agencies, other international organizations and the European Commission and, in association with IMPACT — the International Multilateral Partnership against Cyber Threats — ITU is helping countries around the world to address cybersecurity challenges.
Some 50 countries have received assistance to assess their national cybersecurity preparedness and response capabilities since WTDC 10. Five countries (Burkina Faso, Kenya, Montenegro, Uganda and Zambia) have received support to set up a national computer incident response team (CIRT) and eight others (Barbados, Burundi, Côte d'Ivoire, Cyprus, Ghana, Jamaica, Tanzania, and Trinidad and Tobago) are currently receiving assistance to do likewise.
The cybersecurity needs of the least developed countries are the focus of particular attention under ITU's "Enhancing Cybersecurity in Least Developed Countries" project.
Member States also have access to ITU's comprehensive cybersecurity-related research, analysis and training materials.
A persistent concern is the lack of harmonization of cybersecurity-related legislations, which makes it difficult to investigate and prosecute offenders if the categorization of cybercrimes and other misuses of cyberspace differ from country to country. In response, ITU is familiarizing selected countries with legal aspects of cybersecurity and helping to harmonize their legal frameworks with a view to making them applicable and interoperable across the world. An example of ITU's cybercrime legislation resources is its publication (in six languages) entitled
"Understanding Cybercrime: A Guide for Developing Countries and the Toolkit for Cybercrime Legislation".
IMPACT's centre in Malaysia is playing a key role in supporting ITU's mandate on cybersecurity to introduce technical measures to combat new and evolving cyber-threats. Designed to be the world's foremost cyber-threat information resource, the centre has been set up to deploy an early warning system and to provide timely guidance to countries under cyberattack. It also plans to link designated ICT experts in ITU Member States to a dedicated communication network that will enable them to mount a collaborative response to cybersecurity emergencies at short notice.
To help bridge this gap, ITU has organized cybersecurity training workshops for more than 2700 government officials, regulators and public and private sector ICT professionals around the world. The workshops cover various technical and policy aspects of ICT security, including malware analysis and investigation, securing networks and forensics. Some of these workshops feature mock trials to test participants' knowledge of national legal frameworks applicable to cyber-related offences. In addition, several national CIRTs (computer incident response teams) around the world have taken part in ITU-IMPACT cyber drills conducted within simulated cyberattack scenarios to test their communication and response capabilities in emergencies; a training simulation exercise that has proven to be extremely popular and effective.
Social Media Round-up
Photos and videos
Aaron Boyd, Chief Strategy Officer, ABI Research
and Marco Obiso, Cybersecurity Coordinator, ITU
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NYC Department of Sanitation is leading New Yorkers to contribute zero waste to landfills by 2030.
NYC’s Recycling Program – http://www.nyc.gov/recycle
e-cycleNYC – http://www.nyc.gov/ecycle
re-fashioNYC – http://www.nyc.gov/refashion
NYC Compost Project – http://www.nyc.gov/compostproject
NYC Organics Collection – http://nyc.gov/organics
NYC SAFE Disposal – http://www.nyc.gov/safedisposal
Submitted By: NYC Department of Sanitation
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Methods of Rhetorical Analysis
Close Textual Analysis
- Black, Rhetorical Criticism: A Study in Method; “The Second Persona,” Rhetorical Questions: Studies in Public Discourse, “The Aesthetics of Rhetoric”
- Lucas, “The Rhetorical Ancestry of the Declaration of Independence,” “George Washington and the Rhetoric of Leadership”
- Leff, “Topical Invention and Metaphoric Interaction,” “Textual Criticism: The Legacy of GP Mohrmann”
- Leff and Sachs, “Iconicity and the Rhetorical Text”
- Graff and Leff, “Revisionist Historiography and Rhetorical Traditions”
- Leff and Mohrman, “Lincoln at Cooper Union”
- Jasinski, “The Status of Theory and Method in Rhetorical Criticism” and “Feminization of LIberty, Domesticated Virtue, and the Reconstitution of Power”
- Browne, “Thomas Jefferson’s First Inaugural Address and the Rhetoric of Nationhood,” “Representing Evil in Theodore Weld’s American Slavery as it Is”
- Murphy, “Political Economy and Rhetorical Matter,” “Robert F. Kennedy and the American Jeremiad,” “George W. Bush and September 11”
- Lucaites, “Visualizing ‘The People’: Individualism vs. Collectivism in Let Us Now Praise Famous Men
- Hariman and Lucaites, “Performing Civic Identity: The Iconic Photograph of the Flag Raising at Iowa Jima, ”Visual Rhetoric, Photojournalism, and Democratic Public Culture”
- Palczewski, “Male Madonna and the Feminine Uncle Sam: VIsual Arguments, Icons, and Ideographs in 1909 Anti-Woman Suffrage Cards,” “The 1919 Prison Special: Constituting White Women’s Citizenship”
- Zaeske, “Signatures of Citizenship: The Rhetoric of Women’s Antislavery Petitions”
- Zarefsky, “Four Senses of Rhetorical History,” “Making the Case for War: Colin Powell at the United Nations,” “The Presidency has always been a site for Rhetorical Leadership,” “George Bush and the Transformation of Civil Rights Discourse, 1965-1990,” “Presidential Rhetoric and the Power of Definition”
Ideology Criticism (Resource Guide on Ideology and Rhetorical Studies)
- McGee, “A Materialist’s Conception of Rhetoric,” “The Ideograph,” “In Search of the People,” “Text, Context, and the Fragmentation of Contemporary Culture”
- Lucaites and Condit, “Reconstructing Equality: Culturetypal and Counter-cultural rhetorics in the Martyred Black Vision” (ideographic analysis)
- Wander, “The Third Persona: An Ideological Turn in Rhetorical Criticism”
- Raymie McKerrow, “Critical Rhetoric” (1989)
- Cloud, “The Null Persona,” “To Veil the Threat of Terror” (ideographic analysis), “The Materiality of Discourse as Oxymoron: A Challenge to Critical Rhetoric”
- Charland, “Constitutive Rhetoric: The Case of the Peuple Quebecois"”
- Greene, “Rhetoric Dis-Appearing,” “Another Materialist Rhetoric,” “More Materialist Rhetoric,” “Rhetorical Pedagogy as a Postal System”
- Bost and Greene, “Affirming Rhetorical Materialism,” “Money/Speech”
Deconstruction (Units on deconstruction from COMM 5110)
- Schrag, “Rhetoric Resituated at the End of Philosophy”
- Biesecker, “Rethinking the Rhetorical Situation from within the Thematic of Differance”
- Davis, “Identification: Burke and Freud on Who You Are,” “Addressing Alterity: Rhetoric, Hermeneutics, and the Nonappropriative Relation,” “Creaturely Rhetorics,” “Rhetoricity, Temporality, Democratic Nonequivalence”
- Gaonkar, “Object and Method in Rhetorical Criticism: Between the Extremes of Leff and McGee,” “Rhetoric and its Double: Reflections on the Rhetorical Turn in the Human Sciences,” “The Very Idea of Rhetorical Culture,” and “The Idea of Rhetoric in the Rhetoric of Science”
- Gunn, “Polytoning Rhetoric’s Perverse Apocalypse”
Final Project Proposal
- Please submit all written work using the appropriate Canvas portal.
- Sample Project Proposal: Atilla's submission to the 2022 ASHR Preconference
- All written work should be composed in Canvas, using Microsoft Word (.doc or .docx), Adobe Acrobat (.pdf) or Google Docs (external link). All assignments should follow these standard formatting guidelines. These are often the default settings of the programs just mentioned:
- 11-12 pt. Font
- Times New Roman, Calibri, or Arial
- Either 1.5 or double spaced
- 1-inch margins
Where I have indicated page length requirements, these do not include the bibliography or works cited page. Students should aim for 10 (or more) citations for this writing assignment beyond the original article. Please select a citation style and follow the guidelines accordingly. My preferred citation styles include APA (Links to an external site.), Chicago (Links to an external site.), and MLA (Links to an external site.). The bibliography of works cited does not count toward page count. Additionally, it is not required that you cite 10 or more sources within the text of the proposal, the citations may gesture toward sources you know have a place in the final project, but which you are still thinking about or considering.
Please note that the revised proposal may be incorporated into the final project. If, for instance, students choose to complete an annotated bibliography, the revised version of the prospectus may serve as a 1-2 page ‘wind-up’ for the final project, summarizing the major claim and the “umbrella” themes that cover all of the explicated articles. Alternatively, portions of the revised prospectus might also be folded into the introduction of the essay, if that is the kind of final project under consideration.
Following approval of your topic, compose a 1-3 page prospectus of your final paper or project. This can include a full paper or a part of a larger essay. It can also be an annotated bibliography (for exams or for a project in progress) or some portion of work toward developing course content for yourself. It is the job of the prospectus to define the scope of the work you wish to complete for the final project.
If you are planning to write a final paper (in whole or in part) or create an annotated bibliography, the prospectus should offer the following (the order of which is up for revision):
If it’s an annotated bibliography
- What is the use or function of the annotated bibliography? What is its purpose?
- What is the logic of selection or organization used to assemble it?
- What is the umbrella term, concept, or idea that unifies all of the entries?
- What is excluded from your search, or does not fall under this umbrella?
- What research question/problem does this help you to answer/solve?
If it’s an academic essay:
- A brief history that frames your primary text,
- A brief discussion of the key meanings at stake in that moment,
- A full sourcing of your primary text,
- A general overview of key scholarly contributions and absences particular to this moment and/or your text, and
- The research question(s) you aim to answer in this paper.
Other things to consider in your writing might include the following:
I. If you’re looking at primary documents. You’re looking for a source that has authenticated your texts. You should provide detailed citations for the original texts. This is particularly important for historical documents that may have circulated and later edited.
II. A brief discussion of your topic. What is the exigency for the project you are pursuing? What are the broad strokes of the literature that you are engaging? If you are composing (academic) writing, what is the conversation your work is entering? “Folks in public address like X have addressed it in these ways, I intend to address it in this (different) way.”
III. Your questions. Your preliminary research questions are … 1,2,3. No need to craft prose around this, I want to know what the scope and direction of the project is.
IV. A works-cited of 10-20 sources from class or elsewhere.
This Week’s Readings
- Do the citations selected in this essay point us toward a specific set of methodological or theoretical commitments?
- What are the issues with a “critical rhetoric”?
- Why is the “radical subject” a better focus of our criticism? Is it?
- What does “solidarity” look like? What does “method” look like?
- In what ways is publicity a mode of containment? Why and how do the authors recommend resisting inclusion?
- “Working towards the disavowal of publics built on logics of colonial recognition and inclusion requires more than just simply challenging our epistemological assumptions, but reimagining our ontological orientation to rhetoric and Indigeneity altogether.” What does it mean to “reimagine our ontological orientation to rhetoric and Indigeneity altogether”?
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<urn:uuid:6d4cc2bd-425a-46eb-a51b-58affd209d1e>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://the-un-textbook.ghost.io/the-ends-of-rhetoric/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00278.warc.gz
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en
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FARM RECORD ACCOUNT FILES PROGRAM TO DOWNLOAD
|File size:||13 MB|
|Date added:||18 Aug 2015, 03:27|
|Operating system:||Windows, Mac, Linux, Android, IOS|
|Downloads last week:||13|
All references to records in the remainder of this publication refer specifically to financial records. Selecting a record-keeping system, however, comparing the hand and computer system, a hand recording system is still useful for many farmers.The ability to allocate dOWNLOAD MSN SOUND revenue and expenses to individual enterprises has also been added along with cost of production reports based on those allocations. The use of computers and computer software record has expanded on farms in recent years. Selecting a record-keeping system should depend on the expected use of the records. A basic download knowledge of Excel is necessary.Therefore,
Farm Works Accounting software helps manage your farm finances while dOWNLOAD NETBEANS 5 providing a complete Account Register. Full Program Install: Datasheet: Download a.
Computerized record-keeping system Historically, it is simple, however, yet complete enough to provide details for tax purposes, quickBooks, okstate.edu/quicken/download_sample_files. Reconciling bank statements with farm records insures accuracy. Accounting Farm records are the track accounts payable/receivable, for credit and for an analysis of your farm business. Version 5 account was released in 2011. The workbook has been updated with AgriStability program and Harmonized Sales Tax information. A number of challenges have been addressed through farm computerized record-keeping systems. Many farm managers have found keeping and analyzing financial records a challenge. QuickBooks http agecon.
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<urn:uuid:d3dddfa1-35d6-4da8-b090-d715f1c33062>
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CC-MAIN-2016-44
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http://downloadanyfilessite.link/farm-record-account-files-program-to-download.html
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720941.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00519-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz
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en
| 0.922876
| 358
| 1.5625
| 2
|
||This thesis aims to contribute to the understanding the neurobiological basis of economic decision making through combining experimental economics with tools in neurobiology including genetics and neuroimaging. We begin in the first chapter with a survey of the literature on individual as well as social decision making including an introduction to the research methodology used. After presenting our finding on the heritability of risk attitude in chapter two, we discuss the neurogenetics of decision under risk (Chapter three); source preference (Chapter four); and fairness preference (Chapter five). In chapter six, we present the results of an fMRI experiment of third party punishment. We conclude by discussing related works and potential areas of follow up research. Chapter two reports the result of the first study of the heritability of economic risk attitude using a classical twin strategy. We find considerable heritability of risk attitude, at 57%, and we do not find a significant role for shared environmental effects. The latter is a common observation in behavioral genetics that is contrary to commonly held views in economics. Chapter three presents the first neurochemical model of decision making under risk based on two evolutionarily ancient neurotransmitters – dopamine and serotonin – that could jointly account for two significant developments, namely loss aversion and probability weighting, in models such as prospect theory, rank dependent expected utility, and weighted utility. We further validate the hypothesis by bringing to experimental economics the methodology of neurogenetics and find the associations between attitudes toward fourfold risks and the well characterized functional polymorphisms of dopamine transporter (SLC6A4), serotonin transporter (SLC6A3), and monoamine oxidase A (MAOA). This represents the first results linking common polymorphisms to attitudes towards the fourfold pattern of risk attitudes. In Chapter four, we explore the neurogenetic basis of decision making under uncertainty, specifically, source preference and ambiguity aversion. We find that the serotonin transporter promoter-region polymorphism (SLC6A3 5-HTTLPR), implicated in mood disorders such as anxiety and depression, modulates having a preference for betting on uncertainty from a more familiar source. This is the first result linking a common polymorphism to decision making under uncertainty. In Chapter five, we study the neurogenetic basis of the preference for fairness using the ultimatum game (UG). Preference for fairness inferred from responder behavior in UG has been shown to be highly heritable in a recent twin study, yet its neurogenetic basis remains unknown. We find that a functional polymorphism dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) exon3 is significantly associated with this form of fairness preference. We also find a significant interaction between a well-characterized polymorphism in promoter region repeats of monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) and season-of-birth for the preference for fairness. This is the first result linking specific genes to fairness preference. It presents the first evidence of genes and environment interaction in economic decision making. The neural basis of reciprocal (second party) punishment has been extensively explored in the neuroeconomics literature, yet the neural basis for third party punishment remains unknown. This is addressed in Chapter six, we use fMRI to identify neural correlates using a standard third party punishment design, where the third party can punish the first players in a dictator game. We find that subjects punish more when the unfair offers are from human than from computer, and that the level of punishment for unfair offers is positively correlated with questionnairemeasured empathy scores. Activations in bilateral anterior insula and bilateral anterior cingulate, both implicated in previous studies of empathy, are positively correlated with the degree of unfairness. Moreover, bilateral anterior insula activation is also positively correlated with the level of punishment. These results support the role of empathy in third party punishment, and are consistent with the classical view that empathy lies at the heart of moral sentiments.
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<urn:uuid:5dfb9037-d8f4-4b6c-b979-dc0a4fdad49c>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-7295
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279933.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00121-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.924503
| 774
| 1.953125
| 2
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