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ืขื ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืžื•ืขืจืš ื‘ื›ืžืื” ืืœืฃ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”, ื ื•ืœื“ ื’ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืฉื™ื™ื˜/ ื˜ื™ืกื” ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืžื”ืืจืฅ ืขื“ 12 ืฉืขื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืกื”. ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืœื ืคืขื ืขืœ ืžืงืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื• ืืช ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื›ื•ืœื” ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื—ื•ืกืจ ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืจื•ื›ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจื’ืข ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ. ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื›ืœ ืกื™ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื’ื•ืžื”, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืœื” ืคื™ืœืœื ื• ื•ื”ืคืกื“ ื›ืกืคื™ ืœื ืžื‘ื•ื˜ืœ. ืขืœ ืชืกืชืžื›ื• ืขืœ โ€œื”ื›ืœ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจโ€. ืžื”ื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืฉื™ื™ื˜ / ื˜ื™ืกื” ืžื›ืœ ืกื™ื‘ื” ? ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ื ืœื”ื’ืŸ ื—ืœืงื™ืช (80%) ืขืœ ื›ืกืคื›ื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืžื”ืืจืฅ ืžื›ืœ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืจื’ืข ื”ื–ืžื ืช ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื”. ืœืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ื›ื, ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืื•/ื• ื”ืžื˜ืขืŸ ืฉืœื›ื ืื•ืชื• ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื•ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื“โ€ื› ืœืžืงืจื™ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•โ€ืœ. ืคื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืžื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืžื”ืืจืฅ. ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ื™ื ื” ืžื™ื•ื ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื•ืขื“ 12 ืฉืขื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื™ืกื” ืžื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ื™ื•ื–ืžืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื— ืื• ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ืกื” ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—. ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื‘ื™ื•ื–ืžืช ื”ืœืงื•ื— ืืœื ื‘ื™ื•ื–ืžืช ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ืื• ื”ืฉื™ื™ื˜, ืื–ื™ ืžืงืจื™ื ืืœื• ืื™ื ื ืžื›ื•ืกื™ื. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ! ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืขื“ 7 ื™ืžื™ื ืžืžื•ืขื“ ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื—ื‘ื™ืœืช ื”ืฉื™ื™ื˜ (ื˜ืจื™ืค ื’ืจื ื˜ื™) ืื• 15 ื™ื•ื (ื”ืจืืœ) ื•ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืขื“ ื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืž-15 ื™ื•ื. ืชืืจื™ืš ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœื ื™ืขืœื” ืขืœ 365 ื™ืžื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ื ืกื™ืขื”. ื–ื›ืจื•, ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ืœืชื ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืกื”, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ื–ืจ ื›ืกืคื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ื ืœื•ื•ื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืฉื™ื™ื˜. ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ืœื ื‘ื™ื˜ืœืชื ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืกื”, ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ื–ืจ ืขืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื˜ื— ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืกื” ืื—ืช ืขื“ 12 ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื•ื”ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืžืงืกื™ืžืืœื™ ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืกื” ื”ื™ื ื• 20,000 ื“ื•ืœืจ. ืกื›ื•ื ื”ื”ื—ื–ืจ ืœืœืงื•ื— ื”ื•ื 80% ืžืขืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ื™ืœื”. ืื ื”ื ื•ืกืข ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื”ื—ื–ืจ ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืฉืœ 200$ ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื ืขืœ ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ืฉืขืœื•ืชื• 700$ ืื– ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืชืคืฆื” ืืช ื”ื ื•ืกืข ืขืœ 80% ืž-500$, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ 400$. ืื ื”ื ื•ืกืข ืจื›ืฉ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืขืœ ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ื˜ื™ืกื” ืฉืขืœื•ืชื• ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื 700$ ื•ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืขโ€ื™ ืกื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ืขืœ 100$ ื ื•ืกืคื™ื, ื”ื ื•ืกืข ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืžื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ื—ื–ืจ ืฉืœ 560$ โ€“ ื”ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœ-80% ืž-700$. ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ 20% ืžื›ืœืœ ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืขืกืงื”. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ืกื” ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ื•ื”ื”ื—ื–ืจ ื™ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— X ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืžืžื•ืขื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื•ืขื“ ืชื•ื ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—, ืžื—ื•ืœืง ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—. ืžืกื›ื•ื ื”ื”ื—ื–ืจ ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ ื™ื ื•ื›ื• ื›ืคื™ ืฉืฆื™ื™ื ืชื™ 20% ื›ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ืช. ื‘ื”ืจืืœ ื“ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ื 6% ืžืขืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ื™ืœื” ื•ื›-8% ื‘ื˜ืจื™ืค ื’ืจื ื˜ื™. ืืชืจ ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— Ins Travel ืžื“ื•ื•ื— ื›ื™ ืชื•ืคืขืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื˜ื™ืกื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืคื•ืฆื” ืžืžื” ืฉื—ืฉื‘ื ื•, ืจืง ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื›-300 ืืœืฃ ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ื ืืœืฆื• ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ื”ื˜ื™ืกื” ืฉืœื”ื. ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื˜ื™ืกื” ืžื›ืœ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืืช ื”ืžื’ืŸ ื”ืื•ืœื˜ื™ืžื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื˜ื™ืกื” ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ืช. ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžืฉืชื ื” ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—, ื’ื™ืœ ื•ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื— ื•ื”ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื ืจื›ืฉื™ื. ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืฉื‘ื•ืข ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ื•ืขื“ ื”ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืืจืฅ ื•ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“. *ื”ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืื™ื ื• ืกื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื•ืœื›ืœ ืคื•ืœื™ืกื” ื™ืฉ ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืคืจืžื˜ืจื™ื ืžืฉืชื ื™ื. ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื”ื™ื•ื•ืขืฅ ื‘ืกื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžื•ืกืžืš. ื“ืžื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉืช ืฉื™ื˜ โ€“ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืื• ืžื—ื•ื•ื” ?
ืžื” ื–ื” ืœืงื˜ื•ืคืจื™ืŸ ? ืœืงื˜ื•ืคืจื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™, ืืฉืจ ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืจืงืžื•ืช ื•ื‘ื ื•ื–ืœื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื›ืžื• ื”ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืขื™ื™ื, ื›ืœื™ ื”ื“ื, ื”ืจื•ืง ื•ื”ื“ืžืขื•ืช. ื”ืงื•ืœื•ืกื˜ืจื•ื (ื—ืœื‘ ื”ืื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™) ืขืฉื™ืจ ื‘ื• ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ื”ื•ื ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื›ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ืช. ื”ืœืงื˜ื•ืคืจื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ื•ื ืžืขื›ื‘ ื—ื™ืžืฆื•ืŸ, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœืชืคืงื•ื“ ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžืœื™ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ. ื”ื•ื ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœืฉืžืจ, ืœืฉืงื ื•ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืชืงื™ื ื” ื‘ืžืขื™ื™ื, ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื”ื–ื ื” ืฉืœื ื•. ืื™ืš ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ? ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื—ืœื‘, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื—ืœื‘ ืฉืžืŸ. ืื‘ืœ...?! ื”ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืจืฆื•ื™ื” ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ (ืขืค"ื™ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื•ืžืคื•ืจืกืžืช ืข"ื™ ื” FDA) ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืžืฉืชื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื› 3 ืœื™ื˜ืจ ื—ืœื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ื ! ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืืชื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืฉืจ ืฉื•ืชื™ื ื›ืžื•ืช ื›ื–ื• ? ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื›ืžืขื˜ ืืฃ ืื—ื“. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš, ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืขืงื‘ ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจ - ืœืงื˜ื•ื– - ืืฉืจ ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ื—ืœื‘. ืขื•ื“ืคื™ ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืฉื‘ื—ืœื‘ ื’ื ื”ื ืื™ื ื ืจืฆื•ื™ื™ื. ื”ืœืงื˜ื•ื– ื•ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืœื ืจืฆื•ื™ื•ืช. ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ โ€“ ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืœืกืคื™ื’ื” ืชืงื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื”ื–ื ื” ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื—ืœื‘, ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืžื–ืžื™ื ื” ืœื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ืืฉืจ ืคื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ. ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืœื” - ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืœืงื˜ื•ืคืจื™ืŸ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื” ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ื—ืœื‘. ืžื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื ื•ืกื—ื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช - ืœืงื˜ื•ืคืจื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ื™ืงืŸ ? ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ืžืชืื™ื ืœืžื™ ืฉืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืœืœืงื˜ื•ื– ? ืžืื™ื–ื” ื’ื™ืœ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ? ืžื”ื™ ื“ืจืš ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฆืช ? ื•ืื ืงืฉื” ืœื‘ืœื•ืข (ืืฆืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื, ืœืžืฉืœ) ? ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืœื‘ืœื•ืข - ืืคืฉืจ ื’ื ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ื”ื›ืžื•ืกื”, ืœืขืจื‘ื‘ ืืช ื”ืื‘ืงื” ืฉื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ืขื ืžืขื˜ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืจืš (ืœื ื—ื !) ื•ืœื‘ืœื•ืข. ื–ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ื™ืขื™ืœ ืžื‘ืœื™ืขื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืžื•ืกื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืขื™ืœ ืžืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœื• ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ! ื”ืื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืขื•ื“ืฃ ? ื”ืœืงื˜ื•ืคืจื™ืŸ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™. ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื™ื•ืžื™ (ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืืชืจ ื” FDA) ื”ื•ื ื› 60 ืž"ื’ ื‘ื™ื•ื. ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ื”, ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ ืžืชื— ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื’ื ื‘ืžื ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืคื™ 2 ื• 3 ืžื–ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ (2-3 ืงืคืกื•ืœื•ืช). ืžื” ืžืงื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืœืงื˜ื•ืคืจื™ืŸ ื‘ืคื™ืจืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ? ื›ื—ื•ืžืจ ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ - ืžืงื•ืžื• ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืคื™ืจืžื™ื“ื”, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ, ื‘ืžื ื” ื™ื•ืžื™ืช ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืขืฉื‘ ืฉืขื•ืจื” (ื” )Jade Greenzymes. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™, ืกื“ื™ืจ, ื—ืœืง ืžืชืคืจื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืื˜ื” ืจื’ื™ืœื”. ื‘ื™ื—ื“ - ื”ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื”ื–ื ื” ื•ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืฉืœื ื•. ืžื” ื™ื“ื•ืข ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ ื‘ืœืงื˜ื•ืคืจื™ืŸ ืขื ืžื™ืฅ ืขืฉื‘ ืฉืขื•ืจื” ืขืฉื™ืจ ื‘ื›ืœื•ืจื•ืคื™ืœ ? ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ืื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ? ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ, ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืœื”ื™ืคืš. ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ื”ืœืงื˜ื•ืคืจื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืžืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ. ืœื›ืŸ, ืื™ื ื• ืžืชื ื’ืฉ ืขื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช. ื™ืชืจื” ืžื–ืืช, ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื•ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ื•ืœื”ืงื˜ื™ืŸ ื ื–ืงื™ื ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื ืžืžื ื”. ื”ืื ื ืขืจื›ื• ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžื“ืขื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืœืงื˜ื•ืคืจื™ืŸ ? ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ! ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื’ืœื” ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ 1942. ืžืื–, ื ืขืจื›ื• ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื”. ื‘ 1969 ืคื•ืจืกืžื• ื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืชื™ื• ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื. ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื” 70' ืคื•ืจืกืžื• ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืขืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ืช. ืžืื–, ื”ืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ืจื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ื’ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื•ื™ืจื•ืกื™ื, ืชืื™ ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื•ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื ื•ื’ื“ื™ ื—ื™ืžืฆื•ืŸ. ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ืขื™ ืฉืœ ื“ืจ' ื ื™ื™ื“ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขืœ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื ื•ืกื—ื” ื ืงื™ื” ื•ื™ืขื™ืœื” ืžืขืœ 20 ืฉื ื”, ื•ื”ืœืงื˜ื•ืคืจื™ืŸ ื–ื”ื‘ 1.8 ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื•ืฆืื”. ืื– ืœืžื™, ืœืžืฉืœ, ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ? ื›ืœืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื‘ืขื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ : ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ืจื’ื™ืฉื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืขื•ื ื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ื•ื–ืงื•ืงื” ืœื—ื™ื–ื•ืงื™ื. ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ืช ื ืขืฉื” ื›ืš ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืœืจื•ื›ืฉื™ื ืœืงื˜ื•ืคืจื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืœื“ 1.8 ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืขื ื”ื ื•ืกื—ื” ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืขืฉื‘ ืฉืขื•ืจื” ืขื ื›ืœื•ืจื•ืคื™ืœ ื™ืจื•ืง Jade GreenZymesโ„ข, ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืœื ืืฉืจ ืžืขืฉื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืื˜ื” ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ืช ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ื•ืžืกืคืงืช ื”ืฉืœืžื” ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ื, ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืืžื™ื ื•.
ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืจื•ืฆื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื•ื–ื•ื”ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื—ืชื•ื ื”, ื”ื˜ืขื•ืช ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื›ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืคื” ื‘ืขืจื‘ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืžืกืคื™ืง ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืืคืจืช ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืฉืชืขืฉื” ืืช ื”ืงืกื ืฉืœื• ื•ื™ื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื ื• ืขื ืขื•ืจ ืงื•ืจืŸ ื•ื–ื•ื”ืจ. ืœื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ืœื ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื›ื™ ืžืืคืจืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืชืขืฉื” ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื” ื ืืžื ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื›ื“ืื™ ืฉืชื“ืขื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ืกื•ืคื™ืช. ื”ืกื•ื“ ืœืขื•ืจ ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืงื•ืจืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื—ืชื•ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ืฉื’ืจืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ื— ืฉืœืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื—ืจืช ืžืืคืจืช, ื•ืื ื ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื™ื ื ื’ื™ื“ ืฉืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ืชืืจืกืช. ื’ื ืื ืœื ื”ืงืคื“ืช ืขืœ ื›ืš ืขื“ ื›ื”, ื”ื”ืฆืขื” ื–ื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœืš ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื“ืฃ ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ื— ืขื•ืจืš ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืฉื’ืจื”, ื•ื’ื ืื ืืช ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื–ืžืŸ ืœื“ื—ื•ืฃ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ืืฆืœ ื”ืงื•ืกืžื˜ื™ืงืื™ืช ืœืœื•"ื– ื”ืฆืคื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื›ื ื•ืช ืœื—ืชื•ื ื”, ืงื—ื™ ืœืขืฆืžืš ืฉื ื™ื” ื•ืชืขืฉื™, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ืœืš ืฉื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ื•ืชื’ืจื•ื ืœืš ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื™ืคื”, ืงื•ืจื ืช ื•ืžืœืืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ื™ืคื” ื•ื–ื•ื”ืจืช ืืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืฉื’ืจืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ื— ืฉื”ื™ื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืง ืœืš! ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืขื•ืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื™ืจืื” ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื•ืœื ืขื™ื™ืฃ ื•ืžืชื‘ื’ืจ, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืื ื˜ื™ ืื™ื™ื’'ื™ื ื’, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ื–ืจืžืช ื”ื“ื ื•ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืขื•ืจ ืื• ื”ืจืงืžื•ืช. ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืฆืขื™ืจื” ื•ืจืขื ื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืืฆืœ ืงื•ืกืžื˜ื™ืงืื™ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื•ืœื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืขื•ืจ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉ, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื–ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืคื ื™ื ื‘ืœื—ื•ืช ืžืชืื™ืžื”, ื›ืžื• ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ืžื–ื•ืชืจืคื™ื” ื•/ืื• ืคื™ืœื™ื ื’ ื™ื”ืœื•ื ืฉืžื—ื“ื™ืจื™ื ืœืขื•ืจ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืจืื” ืฆืขื™ืจ ื•ืจืขื ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืžื”ื• ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžื–ื•ืชืจืคื™ื”, ื•ื›ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืขื•ืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื? ืžื–ื•ืชืจืคื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ, ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžื—ื˜ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื•ื“ืงื•ืช. ื”ืžื˜ืคืœืช ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืขื ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ืขื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ. ื”ื“ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ื›ื•ืื‘ื•ืช. ื”ื“ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื’ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืœื”ืจืก ืžื‘ื•ืงืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื‘ืขื•ืจ, ื•ืžืขื•ื“ื“ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืชืื™ ืขื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื, ืจืขื ื ื™ื ื•ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืžืขื•ื“ื“ืช ื’ื ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืงื•ืœื’ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ, ืื•ืชื• ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืื—ืจืื™ ืขืœ ืžื•ืฆืงื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืจ. ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืจืก ืžื‘ื•ืงืจ ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ, ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืชืงื™ื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืื™ื–ื” ืคื™ืœื™ื ื’ ื™ื”ืœื•ื ืฉืืช ืžืžืœื™ืฆื” ืขืœื™ื•? ืคื™ืœื™ื ื’ ื™ื”ืœื•ื ื”ื™ื ื• ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ, ื‘ืขืฆื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื›ื‘ื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืจ ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืฉืื™ื‘ืช ืชืื™ ื”ืขื•ืจ, ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ื”ืœื•ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืชืื™ ืขื•ืจ ืžืชื™ื ื•ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืชืื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื. ื”ื™ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืฉื›ื‘ืช ื”ืขื•ืจ ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ื ื™ืงื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืจ ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ื•ืœืกืคื•ื’ ื›ืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืงื•ืกืžื˜ื™ ืื• ืชื›ืฉื™ืจ ืฉื™ืžืจื— ืขืœ ื”ืคื ื™ื, ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืžื•ืขื“ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืคื™ืœื™ื ื’ ื™ื”ืœื•ื. ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื” ื”ืขื•ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื—ื•ืช ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ื, ื›ืš ืฉื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืคื™ืœื™ื ื’ ืื ื™ ืžืฉืœื‘ืช ืขื™ืกื•ื™ ื•ื”ื—ื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื, ื‘ืคื™ืœื™ื ื’ ื™ื”ืœื•ื ื™ืฉ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ืขืœ ืจืžืช ื”ื—ื“ื™ืจื” ื•ื”ืงื™ืœื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืจ. ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืฉืœืš ืœืฉื’ืจืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ื— ืœืคื ื™ ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื—ืชื•ื ื”? ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืจ ืœืžืฆื‘ ืื™ื“ืื™ืœื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื”, ืื ื™ ืžืžืœื™ืฆื” ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืฉื’ืจืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ื— ืงืคื“ื ื™ืช: ื ื™ืงื•ื™ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื•ื‘ืขืจื‘, ืžืจื™ื—ืช ืกืจื•ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื ื—ืช ืงืจื ืœื—ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืื™ื ืœืขื•ืจืš ื”ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขืจื‘. ื•ืœื ืœืฉื›ื•ื— ืžืงื“ื ื”ื’ื ื” ืœืคื ื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื ื–ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื™ื’ืžื ื˜ืฆื™ื” ื‘ืขื•ืจ. ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ืคื ื™ื, ืœื›ืœ ืื—ืช ื™ืชืื™ื ืžืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื ื” ื•ืื—ืจ. ืœื›ืŸ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืืฆืœ ืงื•ืกืžื˜ื™ืงืื™ืช ืฉืชืื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ืคื ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืžืชืื™ื ืœืš.
ื“ืฃ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืคื•ืจื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ (2020) ืคื•ืจื•ื ืคืจืคืงืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื–ื, ื•ื•ืจืงื•ื”ื•ืœื™ื–ื ื•ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ - ืžื•ืขืงื”? ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ - ืžื•ืขืงื”? ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืคืจื•ื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื•ืคื•ืจื” ืžืื“ ื‘ืจื’ืข ืžืกื•ื™ื ื ื—ืฉืคืชื™ ืœืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืงืœืขื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื ื”ืœื” ื”ืŸ ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืฉืชื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ื‘ื›ื™ืจ ื•ื”ืŸ ืžืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ืขืœืžื• ื›ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื–ื” ืื—ืจ ื–ื”. ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืืช ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื ื”ืœื” ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืืœื” ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืงื•ืžื™ืฉื™ื™ืŸ! ื–ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ืœืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื‘ืกื“ืจื™ื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉื–ื” ื™ื’ื™ืข ื’ื ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžืกื•ื™ื ืืœื™. ื ื•ืฆืจื” ืฆื™ืคื™ื” ื•ื–ื” ืื›ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืข. ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืขื–ืจื” ืื‘ืœ ื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ื—ืจื“ื” ื”ืกืžื•ื™ื”. ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื ื’ื•ื“ ืœืืœื” ืฉื‘ื—ืจื• ืœื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ื•ืขื–ื‘ื• ืื ื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืœื ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืœื ืœืชืงื•ืฃ ื—ื–ื™ืชื™ืช. ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื›ื• ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžืจื•ืช ื ื™ืžื•ืกื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช. ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืฉื’ื ืื ื–ื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืš ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื“ืจืš ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื—ื•ืกื ื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืžืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ื”ื ื”ืœื” ื”ืชืงื™ืคื™ื ืฉื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื™ ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื ืืช ืžื” ืฉืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืœื ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืขืœ ืฆืจื›ื™ ืฉืœื™. ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืžื•ืขืงื” ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขืฆื ื–ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœื™ ืฉื”ืชืขื›ื‘ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ. ื•ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœื™ื“ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืขืฉื™ื” ื‘ืžื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขืงื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื•ื”ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืžืชืขืฆืžืช ืฉืืœืชื™ ื”ื™ื ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ืขื ืžืฆื‘ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ื” ืฉื™ืงื•ืฃ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื•ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื™ืฉ ืงืฉืจ ืœืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื‘ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื—ื•ื™ืช ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉืœื™ ืขื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืื• ื”ืชืจืช ื”ืกื‘ืš ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื”ื–ื•. ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ื–ื” ืžื—ืจื™ืฃ. ืืš ื”ืžื•ืขืงื” ืื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืœื™ื“ื” ืขืฉื™ื” ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™. ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื”ืื ื ืงื™ื˜ืช ืฆืขื“ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœื™ ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ืชื‘ื˜ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื”ื•ืœื™ื“ ื–ืืช ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉืงื•ืฃ ืคื™ื“ื‘ืง ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ืจ? ื•ื”ืื ื”ืžื•ืขืงื” ืชืขืœื ื’ื ื›ืŸ?
ืชื•ื“ื” ืฉื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื ืœืงื ื•ืช AKA. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื”ื–ืžื ื•ืช ื‘ืืชืจื ื• ืื• ื›ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืžื–ื“ืžืŸ ืื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื™. ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงืœื™ืง ืขืœ "ื”ืจืฉืžื”" ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ืืชื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืื• "ื”ืชื—ื‘ืจื•ืช" ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืืฆืœื ื•. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื•ืกืคืชื ืืœ ืกืœ ื”ืงื ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื—ืจืชื ื•ื”ืฉืœืžืชื ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ื™ืฉืœื— ืืœื™ื›ื ืžื™ื™ืœ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื–ืžื ื” ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ืื•ืชื” ื”ื–ื ืชื ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืงื•ืคื”. ืžื™ื™ืœ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื”ืžืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžืชื™ ื”ื–ืžื ืชื›ื ืชืืจื– ื•ืชืฆื ืืœื™ื›ื ื™ื’ื™ืข ืชื•ืš ื™ื•ื ืขืกืงื™ื ืžืจื’ืข ื”ื”ื–ืžื ื”. ืื ืชืจืฆื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื–ืžื ื”, ืื ื ืฆืจื• ืงืฉืจ ืขื ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ 03-5222021 ืื• ื‘ืžื™ื™ืœ ื•ื ืฉืžื— ืœืขื–ื•ืจ. ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ืืชื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืชืจื ื•, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืœื‘ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ืกื˜ื˜ื•ืก ื”ื”ื–ืžื ื” ืฉืœื›ื. ืื ืชืจืฆื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื–ืžื ื” ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ืช, ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืณ-ื”ืณ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืขื•ืช 9:00 ืขื“ 17:00 ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ 03-5222021. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืขื•ืช ืืœื•, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืืœื™ื ื• ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ืช Contact@aka-online.co.il ื•ืื ื• ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืืœื™ื›ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ื”ื‘ื. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืฉืœื•ื—ื™ื ืžืืชืจื ื• ืื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื“ื•ืืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื• ืขื ืฉืœื™ื— ืขื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช. ื”ื–ืžื ื•ืช ืขื ื“ื•ืืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืืจื–ื• ื•ื™ืฆืื• ืœืžืฉืœื•ื— ืืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ืื•ืชื” ื”ื–ื ืชื ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืงื•ืคื” ืชื•ืš 1-2 ื™ืžื™ ืขืกืงื™ื ืžืจื’ืข ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขืŸ. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื–ืžื ืชื›ื ืชืฆื ืœื“ืจืš ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืžื™ื™ืœ ืขื ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื—ื‘ื™ืœื” ืื•ืชื• ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื–ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉืœ ื“ื•ืืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื—ื‘ื™ืœื” ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืžืชื™ ืชื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื›ื. ื—ื‘ื™ืœืชื›ื ืขืชื™ื“ื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœ ืกื ื™ืฃ ื”ื“ื•ืืจ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื™ืชื›ื ืชื•ืš 14 ื™ืžื™ ืขืกืงื™ื ืžื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ื”ื–ืžื ื”, ืื– ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืคืชืง ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ืš ืœืชื™ื‘ืช ื”ื“ื•ืืจ ืฉืœื›ื, ืื™ืชื• ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ื•ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ื™ืœื”. ื”ื–ืžื ื•ืช ืžืชื—ืช ืœ-100 ืฉืงืœื™ื ื™ื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื• ื‘-15 ืฉืงืœื™ื ื“ืžื™ ืžืฉืœื•ื— ื•ื™ืฉืœื—ื• ืขื ืฉืœื™ื— ืขื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช - ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ื›ื™ ื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื‘ืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื'-ื”' ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืขื•ืช 8:00-18:00, ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื–ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืช ื”ืงื ื™ื™ื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื‘ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ ืฉื™ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ื–ืžื ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืืœื”. ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื›ื–ื•, ืื ื ืฆื™ื™ื ื• ื–ืืช ื‘ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื•ื ื“ืื’ ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ื”ื–ืžื ื” ื‘ื“ื•ืืจ ืจืฉื•ื ืฉืœ ื“ื•ืืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื™ืกื•ืฃ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื ื•ื— ืœื›ื ืžืกื ื™ืฃ ื”ื“ื•ืืจ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื™ืชื›ื. ื”ื–ืžื ื•ืช ืขื ืฉืœื™ื— ืขื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืืจื–ื• ื•ื™ืฆืื• ืืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ืื•ืชื” ื”ื–ื ืชื ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืงื•ืคื” ืชื•ืš ื™ื•ื ืขืกืงื™ื ืžืจื’ืข ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขืŸ. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื–ืžื ืชื›ื ืชื•ืขื‘ืจ ืœื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ื™ื•ืช, ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืžื™ื™ืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ืš ื•ืฉืœื™ื— ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืขืžื›ื ืงืฉืจ ืชื•ืš 3 ื™ืžื™ ืขืกืงื™ื ืœืชืื ืขืžื›ื ืžื•ืขื“ ืžืกื™ืจื”. ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžืฉืœื•ื—ื™ื ืžืชื‘ืฆืขื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื‘ืจืช ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช, ืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ืื—ืจืื™ื ืขืœ ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืกืคืงืช ื”ื—ื‘ื™ืœื”, ืืš ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ืขื™ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ ืขื ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉืžื— ืœืกื™ื™ืข. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื•ื ืœืืกื•ืฃ ื”ื–ืžื ื•ืช ืžื”ืฉื•ืื•ืจื•ื ืฉืœื ื• ืœืื—ืจ ื™ื•ื ืขืกืงื™ื ืื—ื“ ืžืชื•ื ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ื”ื–ืžื ื”. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื–ืžื ืชื›ื ืชื™ืืจื– ื•ืชื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื›ื ื” ืœืื™ืกื•ืฃ, ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืžื™ื™ืœ ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ. ืื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืคื•ืจื™ื” 9, ืžืชื—ื ื ื’ื”, ื™ืคื• (ืงื•ืžืช ืงืจืงืข, ื›ื ื™ืกื” ื“ืจืš ืฉืขืจ ืœื‘ืŸ) ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื'-ื”' ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืขื•ืช 09:00-17:00.
ICD-10 Chapter C 81.-Chapter C 96. ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืœื™ืžืคื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืื™ T ื”ื™ื ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืžื’ื•ื•ื ืช, ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-20 ืกื•ื’ื™ื. ืื—ื“ ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ื”ื•ื ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ืœื™ืžืคื•ืžื•ืช ืขื•ืจื™ื•ืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ: ืœื™ืžืคื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืื™ T ืžืžืื™ืจื™ื, ื”ืžืžื•ืงืžื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืขื•ืจ (CTCL- Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma). ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื–ื• ืžืื•ืคื™ื™ื ืช ื‘ืฉื’ืฉื•ื’ ื”ืขืชืงื™ (Clonal prolfiration) ืฉืœ ืชืื™ T, ืœืจื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืœื˜ืŸ CD4, ื‘ืขื•ืจ, ืขื ื”ืขื“ืคื” ืœืืคื™ื“ืจืžื™ืก (Epidermis). ืœื™ืžืคื•ืžื” ืขื•ืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ืชืื™ T ื”ื™ื ืžื—ืœื” ื ื“ื™ืจื”, ืขื ืฉื›ื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ 7.5 ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืœืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช. ืœืจื•ื‘, ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืœื™ืžืคื•ืžื” ื–ื•ื—ืœื ื™ืช ื”ืžืชืคืชื—ืช ื‘ืื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื”. ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžืžืกืคืจ ืชืช-ืกื•ื’ื™ื, ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ืชืช-ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื”ืฉื›ื™ื—ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื: Mycosis Fungoidesโ€ (MF, โ€70 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ืžืงืจื™ื) ื•-SS) Sezary Syndrome). Sezary Syndrome, ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ, ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืคืจื™ื—ื” ืืจื™ืชืจื•ื“ืจืžื™ืช (Erythrodermic) ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืื™ื ืžืžืื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื ื”ืคืจื™ืคืจื™ (Peripheral). ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืžื—ืœื” ื•ื“ืจื’ืชื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื’ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ื•ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ืคืจื•ื’ื ื•ื–ื” (Prognosis) ืฉืœ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ. ืืฆืœ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื, ื”ืœื™ืžืคื•ืžื” ืื™ื ื” ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืฉืœื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื, ื™ืฆื™ื‘ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช. ืžื—ืœืช CTCL ื”ื™ื ืžื—ืœื” ื ื“ื™ืจื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื”ืžืฆืจื™ืš ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืื•ืœื, ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืงืจื™ื ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื ืขื ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืงืฉื” ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืืœื”, ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžืฆื•ืžืฆืžื•ืช ื•ื’ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืœื”ืคื•ื’ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืกืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘-Mycosis Fungoides ืœืฉืœื‘ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ืœื”, ืžืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžืงื•ืžื™ (Topical). ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ B2 ื•ืžืขืœื” ืžืฉืœื‘ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ ืื• ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ ื•ืžืงื•ืžื™. ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื›ื•ืœืœ Steroids ,Retinoids ืื• ื›ื™ืžื•ืชืจืคื™ื” ื˜ื•ืคื™ืงืœื™ืช (Topical chemotherapy), ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ืื•ืจ (UVB, PUVA). ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื IFN-ฮฑ โ€(Interferon alfa),โ€ Retinoids โ€(Bexarotene), ื ื•ื’ื“ื ื™ื ื—ื“ ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื™ื โ€(Alemtuzumab),โ€ Pralatrexate,โ€ Romidepsinโ€, Single agent chemotherapy ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: Gemcitabine ื•ืขื“ ื”ืฉืชืœื” ืžืชื•ืจื. ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืœื™ืžืคื•ืžื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ื•ืช, ืžืฉืœื‘ื™ ื›ื™ืžื•ืชืจืคื™ื” ืื™ื ื ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืœื™ืžืคื•ืžื” ืขื•ืจื™ืช, ื•ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื”ืคื•ื’ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืกืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘-Sezary Syndrome ื”ื•ื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืžืฉืœื‘ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ืื•ืจ ืขื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ื™ื. ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื ื™ื ืœืขื™ืœ, ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ืฉืชืœื” ืžืชื•ืจื, ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ืœื” ืืš ืœื ืœืจื™ืคื•ื™. ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืคื•ืจืกืžื” ื‘-2015, "Blood", ื‘ื“ืงื• ืืช ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืœืœื™ืžืคื•ืžื” ืขื•ืจื™ืช. ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ื•, ื™ืขื“ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืขื“ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื‘ื (TTNT, Time To Next Treatment). ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื, ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ื”ืคื•ื’ื” ืงืฆืจื” ืžืชืกืžื™ื ื™ ื”ืžื—ืœื”: TTNT= โ€5.4 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืงื•ื•ื™ื ื”ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ, ื•ืงื™ื™ื ืฆื•ืจืš ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจ ื”ืคื•ื’ื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืžื—ืœื” ืœืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื (ืชืžื•ื ื” 1). Brentuximab Vedotin ื‘ืฉืžื• ื”ื’ื ืจื™, ืื• adcetris ื‘ืฉืžื• ื”ืžืกื—ืจื™, ื”ื•ื ื ื•ื’ื“ืŸ ื—ื“ ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ ื›ื™ืžืจื™ (Chimeric), ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ื›ื ื’ื“ CD30 ื•ืžืื•ื—ื“ ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืชืจื•ืคื” ืžืฆื•ืžื“ืช ื ื•ื’ื“ืŸ (Antibody drug conjugate) ืขื MMAE โ€(Monomethyl Auristatin E), ืืฉืจ ืœื• ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืื ื˜ื™ ื ื™ืื•ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืช (Antineoplastic), ื‘ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžื™ืงืจื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืœื™ื (Microtubules).โ€ Brentuximab ื ืงืฉืจ ืœืงื•ืœื˜ืŸ CD30, ื”ื ืžืฆื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืชื ื”ืกืจื˜ื ื™, ื•ื”ืžื›ืœื•ืœ Brentuximab Vedotin-CD30 ื ื›ื ืก ืœืชื, ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืœื™ื–ื•ื–ื•ื (Lysosome), ืฉื ืžืฉืชื—ืจืจ MMAE ื•ื’ื•ืจื ืœื”ืจืก ื”ืชื ื”ืกืจื˜ื ื™. ืœืคื™ ืžื—ืงืจ ืคืื–ื” 3 ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื—ืœื” ื–ื•, ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ Brentuximab Vedotin โ€(Adcetris) ื™ืขื™ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ื™ื ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ืขื ืื—ื•ื– ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”, ืžืฉืš ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืช ืœืœื ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืžื—ืœื” (PFS) ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืื™ ื ืกื‘ืœื•ืช. ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ืœื”ืœืŸ, ื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ื ื•ื”ืœ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ื‘ืžื—ืœื” ื•ืžืืจื™ื›ื” PFS ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื”ื™ื ืžื•ื’ืฉืช ืœืกืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช. ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 2017 ื”ืชืคืจืกื ื‘-Lancet ืžื—ืงืจ ื”-"Alcanza": ืžื—ืงืจ ืคืื–ื” 3, ืืงืจืื™, ืืฉืจ ื‘ื“ืง ืืช ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช Brentuximab ืœืขื•ืžืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืจื•ืคื ื”ืžื˜ืคืœ: Methotrexate ืื• Bexarotene, ืœืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ CTCL ืขื ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืื•ืช ืฉืœ +CD30 ื‘ืœืคื—ื•ืช 10 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ืชืื™ื ื”ืžืžืื™ืจื™ื, ืœืื—ืจ ืงื• ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ ืื—ื“ ืœืคื—ื•ืช. Brentuximab ื ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ 1.8 ืž"ื’/ืง"ื’ (ืžื™ืœื™ื’ืจื ืœืงื™ืœื•ื’ืจื) ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืŸ 21 ื™ื•ื, ืขื“ ืœืžืจื‘ ืฉืœ 16 ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ื (ื›ืฉื ื”). ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื”ืื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืขื Brentuximab ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืœื” ื‘ื—ื•ืœื™ื. ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช: (4 ORR4 (objective response rate- ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื ืžืฉื›ืช ืžืขืœ 4 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื (ื”ื•ื’ื“ืจ ื›-primary endpointโ€): 56 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ, ืืœ ืžื•ืœ 13 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช; ORR:โ€ 67 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ, ืืœ ืžื•ืœ 20 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช; ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืช ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืœืœื ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืžื—ืœื” (median Progression-Free Survival ,mPFS): โ€16.7 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ' ืืœ ืžื•ืœ 3.5 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช. ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข 12 ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœ Brentuximab ืžื•ืœ 5.5 ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ Bexarotene ืื• 3 ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœ Methotrexate. ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช, ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืขื Brentuximab ื‘ื—ื•ืœื™ CTCL ื ืกื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘, ื›ืฉืชื•ืคืขืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื”Sensory โ€‹โ€‹peripheral neuropathy, ืืฉืจ ื ืฉืœื˜ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื“ื—ื™ื™ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ (ืชืžื•ื ื” 2). ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘-Brentuximab Vedotin ื‘ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ +CD30 โ€CTCL ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ FDA โ€(Food and Drug Administration) ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2017 ื•ืื™ืฉื•ืจ EMAโ€ (European Medicines Agency) ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2018. ื”ื”ืชื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ืžื•ื’ืฉืช ืœื”ื›ืœืœื” ื‘ืกืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช 2016:โ€ Brentuximab Vedotin ื”ื•ื’ืฉ ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื›ืœืœื” ื‘ืกืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช 2018, ื›ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืœื—ื•ืœื™ +CTCL CD30 ืืฉืจ ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžืขืจื›ืชื™. ื‘-Mycosis Fungoides,โ€ 70 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืžืื•ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ืœื” ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืคืจื•ื’ื ื•ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ 98-97 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื, ื‘ืžืฉืš 10 ืฉื ื™ื. ืื•ืœื, ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืงืจื™ื, ืื ืฉื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžืื•ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ืืฆืœื ื”ื ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืจ; ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื”, ื”ืคืจื•ื’ื ื•ื–ื” ื™ื•ืจื“ืช ืœ-40 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ ืฉืจื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš 10 ืฉื ื™ื. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืฉืœื‘ ื”ืžื—ืœื” ืžืชืงื“ื, ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื”ืฉืจื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ื™ื•ืจื“, ืขื“ ืœ-24 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ ืฉืจื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš 5 ืฉื ื™ื, ื‘ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืขื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื—ื•ืฅ ืขื•ืจื™ืช. ื”ืคืจื•ื’ื ื•ื–ื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืฉืœ ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ืขื Sezary Syndrome ื”ื™ื 2.9 ืฉื ื™ื. Whittaker et al. How I treat mycosis fungoides and sezary syndrome. Blood 2016; 127:3342. Hughes et al. Lack of durable disease control with chemotherapy for mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome: a comparative study of systemic therapy. Blood 2015 125:71-81. Prince et al . Brentuximab vedotin or physicianโ€™s c cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (ALCANZA): an international,open-label, randomised, phase 3, multicentre trial. The Lancet 2017; 17: 31266-7. ืื•ื—ื–ืจ ืžืชื•ืš "http://www.wikirefua.org.il/w/index.php?title=ืœื™ืžืคื•ืžื”_ืขื•ืจื™ืช_-_ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื_ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ_-_CTCL_treatment_updates_-_2017&oldid=182523" ื“ืฃ ื–ื” ื ืฆืคื” 2,428 ืคืขืžื™ื.
ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' (ืžืื ื’ืœื™ืช: Bluetooth, ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื ืœืขื‘ืจื™ืช: ืฉืŸ ื›ื—ื•ืœื”, ื ืคื•ืฅ ื’ื: ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืก) ื”ื•ื ืชืงืŸ ืคืชื•ื— ืœืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืจื“ื™ื• (RF) ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื•ืงืœื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื’ืœื™ ืžื™ืงืจื• ื‘ืื•ืจื›ื™ ื’ืœ ืงืฆืจื™ื ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ื ืžื•ืš ื•ื‘ื”ืกืคืง ื ืžื•ืš ื™ื—ืกื™ืช. ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ืžืฉืžืฉ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืืœื—ื•ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ WPAN ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืœื‘ ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื, ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื, ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘, ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื”ื™ืงืคื™ ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืžื“ืคืกืช ื•ืžืงืœื“ืช ื•ืขื›ื‘ืจ ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืžื›ืฉื•ืจ ืจืคื•ืื™, ื‘ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืื™ืฉื™ ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืขื•ืŸ ื—ื›ื, ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช, ืื•ื–ื ื™ื•ืช, ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื•ืžืชืงื ื™ ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”. ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื–ื• ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืœื”ืงื™ื ืจืฉืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื–ืžื ื™ืช ืœืคื™ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ื•ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžืืคืฉืจืช ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืฉืžืข ื•ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืงืœื•ืช. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืกืคืงืช ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืจืฉืช ืืœื—ื•ื˜ื™ืช ืงืฆืจืช ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืื“ ื”ื•ืง ื”ื ืงืจืืช ืคื™ืงื•ื ื˜. ืจืฉืช ืคื™ืงื•ื ื˜ ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืขื“ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ื”ืชืงื ื™ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ื” ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ื•ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืขืจื•ืฅ ืจื“ื™ื• ื•ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืชื“ืจื™ื ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืคื™ ืฉื™ื˜ืช FHSS. ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ืืœื—ื•ื˜ื™ืช ื”ื ื•ืฆืจืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ ื•ืื•ื–ื ื™ื™ืช ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช'. ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื‘ืœื•ื˜ืช' ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื“ื™ื ืืžื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื•ืงืžื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื–ืžื ื™, ืžื” ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ื•ืกืงืœื‘ื™ืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื. ื”ืฉื ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' (ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช: ืฉืŸ ื›ื—ื•ืœื”) ื”ื•ื ืžื™ืœื” ืžืื•ื ื’ืœื–ืช ืžืกืงื ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ Blรฅtand/Blรฅtann, ืฉื”ื™ื” ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœืš ื”ืืจืืœื“ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืžืœืš ื“ื ืžืจืง (ื›ื—ื•ืœ-ื”ืฉืŸ) ืืฉืจ ืžืœืš ืขืœ ื“ื ืžืจืง ื•ืขืœ ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžื ื•ืจื•ื•ื’ื™ื” ื‘ืžืื” ื”-10, ื•ืื™ื—ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ื”ื“ื ื™ื™ื ืชื—ืช ืžืžืœื›ื” ืื—ืช. ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืœืฉื ื–ื” ื”ื•ืฆืข ื‘ืฉื ืช 1997 ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’'ื™ื ืงืจื“ืš ืฉืคื™ืชื— ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื ืœืชืงืฉืจ ืขื ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื. ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืฆืขื” ื”ื•ื ืงืจื ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ "ื”ืกืคื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช" ืฉืœ ืคืจืื ืฅ ื‘ื ื’ื˜ืกื•ืŸ ืฉืžืกืคืจ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืืจืืœื“ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ. ืฉื ื–ื” ื ื‘ื—ืจ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ืžืชื™ื™ืžืจืช ืœืื—ื“ ืืช ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœื™ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืœืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœ ื‘ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ ืื—ื™ื“, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืคื™ ืฉืขืฉื” ื”ืืจืืœื“ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ. ื”ื—ืœืคืช ื›ื‘ืœื™ื. ืจืฉืช ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื”ื™ืคื˜ืจ ืžื›ื‘ืœื™ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืžืขื™ืงื™ื ื•ืžืกื•ืจื‘ืœื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืื™ืœื• ื”ืžืงืฉืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื”ื™ืงืคื™ ืœืžื—ืฉื‘, ืื• ืื•ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื. ืงืœื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ. ืจืฉืช ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื”ืชืงื ื™ื ืœืฉืชืฃ ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืืจืขื™, ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืœื ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ื›ื ื•ืช ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช. ืกื™ื ื›ืจื•ื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื”. ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ืžืืคืฉืจ ืชื™ืื•ื ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ืชื•ืžื›ื™ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช'. ืœืžืฉืœ ืชื™ืื•ื ืจืฉื™ืžืช ืื ืฉื™ ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืจื›ื‘. ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜. ื”ืชืงื ื™ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ื”ืžืงื•ืฉืจื™ื ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืชืฃ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืœื”ืชืงื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜. ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื ื™ื™ื“ ืœืœื ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืœื•ืฉ ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื“ืจืš ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ืœื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื™ื“. ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ื•-Wi-Fi ื”ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื•ืช (ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื•ืช ื‘ื’ืœื™ ืžื™ืงืจื•) ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื—ื•ืคืคื•ืช ืืš ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื•ืื•ืคื™ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ. ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ืžืชืืคื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช (PAN), ื‘ื“ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื•ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืชืขื‘ื•ืจื” ื ืžื•ืš ืฉืœ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ 25 Mbps ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื ื•ื— ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืœื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช ื›ืžื• ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืฉืžืข ืžืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืœืื•ื–ื ื™ื•ืช. Wi-Fi ื”ื•ื ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืจืžื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช (LAN) ื“ืจืš ื ืชื‘ ืื• ืฉืจืช, ืฆื•ืจืš ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืชืขื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ืจื•ื—ื‘ ืคืก ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ (250 Mbps). ื‘ืฉืœ ื›ืš ื ื•ื— ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื›ืืžืฆืขื™ ืœืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžืกืคืจ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื•ืœื”ื–ืจืžืช ืžื“ื™ื” ื›ืžื• ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื•ืฉืžืข ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”. ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ื”ื•ืžืฆื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืคื˜ืจ ืžื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื›ื‘ืœื™ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื›ืฉื”ืžืจื—ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ืžืื“ ืงืฆืจ, ื›ืขืฉืจื” ืžื˜ืจื™ื, ืื ื›ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื˜ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืžืชืื™ืžื” ื‘ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื”. ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื–ื• ืžืืคืฉืจืช ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ืชืงืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ืขืœ ืกื•ืœืœื•ืช ื–ืขื™ืจื•ืช ืœืคืจืง ื–ืžืŸ ืืจื•ืš. Wi-Fi ืœืขื•ืžืชื• ืžืฉื“ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื˜ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ื’ื•ื“ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืื•ืช ืžื˜ืจื™ื. ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืชืคื™ืกื” ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ืช Wi-Fi ืื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืืœื ื”ื•ื ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืืœื—ื•ื˜ื™ืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžืจื•ื—ืงื™ื, ืื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื–ื• ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ื”ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื. ื›ืžื• ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช Wi-Fi Direct ื”ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืœื ื ืชื‘ ืื• ืฉืจืช. ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ื”ื•ื ื”ืงืžืช ืจืฉืช ืื“ ื”ื•ืง, ืจืฉืช ืืœื—ื•ื˜ื™ืช ืงืฆืจืช ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืžืืคืฉืจืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืงืœ ื•ื–ืจื™ื– ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ื”ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ื” ื–ื” ืœื–ื” ืœืœื ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื™ื–ื™, ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืขื–ืจื™ื ื›ืœืฉื”ื ืื• ื”ืชืงื ื™ ืฆื“ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™. ื›ืœ ื”ืชืงืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ืžื›ื™ืœ ืžืฉื“ืจ/ืžืงืœื˜ ืจื“ื™ื•, ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื‘ืงืจืช ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื•ืช, ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื•ืชื•ื›ื ื” ื”ืžืื’ื“ืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ืืช ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ื•ื”ืžืžืฉืงื™ื. ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืงื ื™ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืžื‘ื ื” ืื“ื•ืŸ-ืžืฉืจืช (Master-Slave), ื›ืืฉืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืชืงืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืžืฉ ื”ืŸ ื›ืื“ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืŸ ื›ืžืฉืจืช. ืžืคืจื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ืžืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”"ืžืืจื—" ื•ื”"ื‘ืงืจ". ื”ืžืืจื— ืื—ืจืื™ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœ ื›ืžื• ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ ืฉืœ ืฉื›ื‘ืช ื”ืงื•, ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœ ื”ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ (L2CAP) ื•ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ (SDP). ื”ื‘ืงืจ ืื—ืจืื™ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช, ื”ืจื“ื™ื•, ืื™ืคื ื•ืŸ, ืจื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ื•ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ/ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืœื ืงื•ื“ื” (PPP). ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ืงืจ ืžื‘ื•ืฆืขืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช "ืžืชืื ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช'" ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืื• ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™. ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืงืจ ืœืžืืจื— ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืœืคื™ ืชืงืŸ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืžืขืœ ืžืžืฉืง ื‘ืงืจ/ืžืืจื— (HCI). ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชืงืŸ ืžืืคืฉืจ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืงืจ ื•ืžืืจื— ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ืฆืจื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ื™ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืžืื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืงืŸ ืื—ื“ ื›ืžื• ื‘ืื•ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช'. ืžื‘ื ื” ื›ืœืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ืžืชื•ืืจ ื‘ืชืจืฉื™ื ืžืฉืžืืœ. ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ืคื•ืขืœ ืžืขืœ ืจืฆื•ืขืช ืชื“ืจื™ื ืœืœื ืจื™ืฉื•ื™, "ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ืช, ืžื“ืขื™ืช ื•ืจืคื•ืื™ืช" ื”ื ืงืจืืช ื‘ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ISM, ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืชื“ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ 2.4000 ื’'ื™ื’ื”ึพื”ืจืฅ ืœ-2.4835 ื’'ื™ื’ื”ึพื”ืจืฅ, ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืจืฉืช WLAN ืœืคื™ ืชืงืŸ IEEE 802.11b/g. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ, ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ืžื™ื™ืฉื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ืจื“ื™ื• ืฉื ืงืจืืช FHSS. ืชืงืŸ BR/EDR ืฉืœ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ืžื—ื•ืœืง ืœ-79 ืขืจื•ืฆื™ ืจื“ื™ื• ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ื—ื‘ ืคืก ืฉืœ 1 MHz ื›ืœ ืื—ื“, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ 1600 ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ื™ื (ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืชื“ืจื™ื) ื‘ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืžืข ื•ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•-3200 ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ื™ื ืœืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื“ืคื“ื•ืฃ (page) ื•ืกืจื™ืงื” (scan). ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ, ื›ืœ ืชื“ืจ ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืœืคืจืง ื–ืžืŸ ืžืื“ ืงืฆืจ (625 ืžื™ืงืจื•-ืฉื ื™ื™ื”), ืฉืœืื—ืจื™ื• ืžืชื‘ืฆืข ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื“ืจ ืื—ืจ ืœืคื™ ืจืฆืฃ ืคืกืื•ื“ื•-ืืงืจืื™ ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ืžืจืืฉ. ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' 4.0 ื‘ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื“ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืชื“ืจื™ื ืืš ื”ื•ื ืžื—ื•ืœืง ืœ-40 ืขืจื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืจื•ื—ื‘ ืคืก ืฉืœ 2 MHz ื›ืœ ืื—ื“. ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืขืจื•ืฆื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ืœ"ืคืจืกื•ื" ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ื™ืชืจ ื”ืขืจื•ืฆื™ื ื”ื ืขืจื•ืฆื™ ืžื™ื“ืข. ืขืจื•ืฆื™ื ืื™ืœื• ื‘ืชืฆื•ืจืช TDMA ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืคื•ืœื” ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ื ืช ืืช ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื ืžื•ื›ื”. ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื–ื• ืžืชื ื”ืœืช ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืฉื‘ื” ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ืชืงืŸ ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื“ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื•ืงื‘ื•ืข ืžืจืืฉ ื•ื”ื”ืชืงืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืžื’ื™ื‘ ืœืื—ืจ ืžืจื•ื•ื— ื–ืžืŸ ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ. ืชื›ื•ื ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ื”ื™ื ื‘ืงืจืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื”ืชืงื ื™ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ืœื”ืชืื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืืช ืจืžืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืื• ืขื•ืฆืžืช ืื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช. ื›ืœ ื”ืชืงืŸ ื‘ื•ื“ืง ืืช ืจืžืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืช ื”ืžืชืงื‘ืœ ืืฆืœื• ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžื”ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ืจืžืช ื”ืืจื ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœื”ื, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืื• ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฉ ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ืช ืืช ืขื•ืฆืžืช ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ. ืžืืคื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื ื•ืขื“ ืœื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื•ื›ืŸ ืœืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืจืฆื•ื™. ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืชื“ืจื™ื ืืงืจืื™ ืขื ื‘ืงืจืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ื ื’ื“ ืฆื™ืชื•ืช ื•ื—ื“ื™ืจื” ื–ื“ื•ื ื™ืช. ืื•ืœื ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžืจืื™ื ืฉืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ืงืœ ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืืช ืจืฆืฃ ื”ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ื•ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ื–ื•ืœื™ื. ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื”ื ืงืจื BR ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœ Base Rate ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืืคื ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื•ืขืœืช ืขืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืชื“ืจ ื”ื’ืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื ืงืจืืช GFSK, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืืช ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืขื‘ืจื” ืฉืœ 1 ืžื’ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ ืœืฉื ื™ื™ื”. ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฆื’ืช ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' 2.0 + EDR ื”ื—ืœ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ืœืชืžื•ืš ื’ื ื‘ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืคื ื•ืŸ ืคืื–ื” ื”ื ืงืจืื•ืช ฯ€/4-DQPSK ื•-8DPSK ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื. ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ EDR ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœ Enhanced Data Rate (ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืขื‘ืจื” ืžืฉื•ืคืจ) ืžืฉืžืฉ ืœืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ื“ื•ืœืฆื™ื•ืช ฯ€/4-DQPSK ื•- 8DPSK ืฉืชื•ืžื›ื•ืช ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืขื‘ืจื” ืฉืœ 2 ื•-3 ืžื’ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ ืœืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื”ืชืื. ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื™ื—ื“ ื ืงืจื ื‘ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ BR/EDR. ืจืฉืช scatternet ืฉืœ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ื”ืžืฉืœื‘ืช ื™ื—ื“ ืžืกืคืจ ืคื™ืงื•ื ื˜ื™ื ื”ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื—ืœืงื™ืช. ื›ืœ ืขืจื•ืฅ ืฉืœ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ืžื—ื•ืœืง ืœื—ืจื™ืฆื™ื (slots) ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ 625 ืžื™ืงืจื• ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ืžืชื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื–ืžืŸ. ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื•ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืจื•ืฅ ื‘ืžื ื•ืช ื”ื ืงืจืื•ืช ื—ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช. ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ื™ืœื” ืžืื›ืœืกืช ืžื—ืจื™ืฅ ืื—ื“ ืขื“ ื—ืžืฉื” ื—ืจื™ืฆื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ืžื ืชื‘ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืชื•ื’ ืžื ื•ืช ืขื ืžื™ืชื•ื’ ืžืขื’ืœื™ื. ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืงืฆื•ืช ืขื“ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ืจื™ืฆื™ื ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœื—ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืกื™ื ื›ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืฉืื•ืช ืฉืžืข ืื• ื—ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืืกื™ื ื›ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืฉืื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืื• ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื. ืขืจื•ืฅ ืืกื™ื ื›ืจื•ื ื™ ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืขื‘ืจื” ืฉืœ 723.2 ืงื™ืœื• ื‘ืชื™ื ืœืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื•-57.6 ืงื™ืœื•ื‘ืชื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ืคื•ืš ืื• 433.9 ืงื™ืœื•ื‘ืชื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืกื™ืžื˜ืจื™. ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ืชื•ืžื›ืช ื‘ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืœื ืงื•ื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืฆืžืชื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืื• ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืื—ืช ืœื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืขืจื•ืฅ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœืžืกืคืจ ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืจืฉืช ืคื™ืงื•ื ื˜ ืฉื‘ื” ืื—ื“ ื”ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ืžืชื ื”ื’ ื›ืื“ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืœื˜ ื‘ื” ื•ืขื“ ืฉื‘ืขื” ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืจืฉืช ื›ืžืฉืจืชื™ื (ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื›ืœ ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื–ื”). ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืจืชื™ื ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืขื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื•ืŸ ื•ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ ื”ืžื ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ืฉืขื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื“ื•ืŸ ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ 312.5 ืžื™ืงืจื• ืฉื ื™ื™ื”. ืžืฉืจืชื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื—ื ื™ื” ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื ืžืกื•ื ื›ืจื ื™ื ืขื ื”ืื“ื•ืŸ ืืš ืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœื™ื. ืฉืชื™ ืคืขื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืขื•ืŸ ืžื”ื•ื•ืช ื—ืจื™ืฅ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ 625 ืžื™ืงืจื• ืฉื ื™ื™ื”, ืฉื ื™ ื—ืจื™ืฆื™ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ื–ื•ื’ ื—ืจื™ืฆื™ื ืฉืœ 1250 ืžื™ืงืจื• ืฉื ื™ื™ื”, ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื—ืจื™ืฅ ืื—ื“ ื”ืื“ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื“ืจ ื‘ื—ืจื™ืฅ ื”ื–ื•ื’ื™ ื•ืงื•ืœื˜ ื‘ืื™ ื–ื•ื’ื™, ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ื”ืžืฉืจืช ืžืฉื“ืจ ื‘ื—ืจื™ืฅ ื”ืื™ ื–ื•ื’ื™ ื•ืงื•ืœื˜ ื‘ื–ื•ื’ื™. ื—ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืจืš ืฉืœ 1,3 ืื• 5 ื—ืจื™ืฆื™ื ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ืื“ื•ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ื—ืจื™ืฆื™ื ื–ื•ื’ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืฉืจืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉื“ืจ ื‘ืื™ ื–ื•ื’ื™ื™ื. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื, ื‘ืชื™ืื•ื, ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื›ืš ืฉื”ืื“ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืฉืจืช ื•ื”ืžืฉืจืช ื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืื“ื•ืŸ. ืชืงืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ืžืืคืฉืจ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืคื™ืงื•ื ื˜ ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื—ืœืงื™ ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืจืฉืช ืžืคื•ื–ืจืช (scatternet) ืฉืœ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช'. ื‘ืจืฉืช ืžืคื•ื–ืจืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœืžืกืคืจ ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืคื™ืงื•ื ื˜ ื‘ื• ื–ืžื ื™ืช ื”ืŸ ื›ืื“ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืŸ ื›ืžืฉืจืช ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืจื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ื–ืžืŸ. ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ื ืชื•ืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื“ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืงืŸ ืื—ืจ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืื“ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉื‘ื•ื—ืจ ืœืื™ื–ื” ื”ืชืงืŸ ืœืคื ื•ืช, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืื“ื•ืŸ ืžื—ืœื™ืฃ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ื”ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื™ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจ. ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืื“ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉื‘ื•ื—ืจ ืœืžื™ ืœืคื ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจืช ืจืง ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœื›ืœ ื—ืจื™ืฅ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงื‘ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ืžืืฉืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืจืช, ืชืงืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ืื™ื ื• ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืื“ื•ื ื™ื, ืœื›ืœ ืคื™ืงื•ื ื˜ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื•ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงืฉืจ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืจืชื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื™ืงื•ื ื˜ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ื™ืงื™ืžื• ืจืฉืช ืคื™ืงื•ื ื˜ ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื” ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื“ื•ืŸ. ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืงืœื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ืžืชื—ืœืง ืœืฉืœื•ืฉ ืจืžื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ ื•ืื˜ ื•ื“ืฆื™ื‘ืœื™ื ืœืžื™ืœื™ ื•ืื˜ (dBm). ื”ื˜ื‘ืœื” ื”ื‘ืื” ืžืกื›ืžืช ืืช ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืงืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืžื˜ืจื™ื ื”ื ืชืžืš ื‘ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ืขื“ ื’ืจืกื” 5. ืจืžื” 1.5 ื ื•ืกืคื” ื‘ื’ืจืกื” v5 ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืจืžื” ื”ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ื‘ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื‘ื’ืจืกืื•ืช 4.0-4.2. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืขืœืชื” ืจืžืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ื‘ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ืœ-100 ืžื™ืœื™ ื•ืื˜ ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื–ืืช. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชืงื ื™ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื—ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™ ื•ืœื”ืงื™ื ืจืฉืช, ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื ื™ ืžืฆื‘ื™ ื”ืคืขืœื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื "ืžืฆื‘ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™" ืฉืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืœื‘ืฆืข ืœืคืจืงื™ื ืกืจื™ืงื” (scan) ืฉืœ ื”ืขืจื•ืฆื™ื ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื“ืจื™ื ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื™ื, ืœืืชืจ ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘ ืœื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ื”ืชื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื•ืฅ ื”ืžืชืื™ื ืขื ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ื•ืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ. ื‘"ืžืฆื‘ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช" ื”ื”ืชืงืŸ ืžื‘ืฆืข ืœืคืจืงื™ื ื“ืคื“ื•ืฃ (page) ื‘ืขืจื•ืฆื™ื ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื’ื™ื‘ ืœื“ืคื“ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ืช ืžืงื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืชื—ืœ ื”ืชื—ื‘ืจื•ืช. ื”ืชืงื ื™ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืงืฆื‘ื™ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ื ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ื™ื ืขื ืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืœืื—ื•ืจ ืžืœืื”. ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชื•ืžื›ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ืงืฆื‘ื™ ืชืขื‘ื•ืจื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ืงืฆื‘ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื”ื ืชืžืš ื”ื—ืœ ืžื”ื’ืจืกื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ 1 ืžื’ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ ืœืฉื ื™ื™ื”. ื•ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืชืคื•ืงื” ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ 720 ืงื™ืœื• ื‘ืชื™ื ืœืฉื ื™ื™ื” (kbps) ื‘ื’ืจืกื” 3 ื•ืžืขืœื” ื ื•ืกืฃ ืงืฆื‘ ืชืขื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ 2.1 ืžื’ื” ืœืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืงื™ืจื•ื‘. ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ื’ืจืกื” 4.0 ื•ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ื‘-4.1 ื•-4.2. ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืžืฆื‘ ืฉื”ื”ืชืงืŸ ื™ื•ืคืขืœ ืขื ืกื•ืœืœื•ืช ื–ืขื™ืจื•ืช. ืื™ืžื•ืช. ืื™ืžื•ืช ื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื”ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ืฉืœื”ื. ืชืงืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ืื™ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืœ ืื™ืžื•ืช ืžืฉืชืžืฉ. ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช. ืžื ื™ืขืช ื—ืฉื™ืคืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฆื™ืชื•ืช, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชืžื™ื ืœื”ืฆืคื ื” ืฉืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ื›ื™ ืจืง ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ืžื•ืจืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข. ื”ืจืฉืื•ืช. ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื•ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ืฉื”ื”ืชืงืŸ ืžื•ืจืฉื” ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืื• ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงื‘ืœ ื’ื™ืฉื”. ืฉืœืžื•ืช ืžืกืจื™ื. ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืจืฉืช ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืงื ื™ื, ื›ืš ืฉืื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฆื“ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ื•ื ื™ืชื’ืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœ. ืฆื™ืžื•ื“/ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื•ืื™ื—ืกื•ืŸ ืžืคืชื—ื•ืช ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื ืœื”ืงื™ื ืฆื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ื•ื’ ื”ืชืงื ื™ื. ืื•ืคืŸ ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” 1 ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื›ื™ ื”ืฆืคื ื” ื•ืื™ืžื•ืช ืœื ืžื•ืคืขืœื™ื ื›ืœืœ ืžื” ืฉืžื•ืชื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืชืงืŸ ื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืœื”ืชืงืคื•ืช. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื”ืชืงืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขื ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืฉื•ื ื”. NIST ืžืžืœื™ืฆื™ื ืฉืœื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื” ืืฃ ืคืขื. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ 2 ืžื ื”ืœ ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืœืคื™ ืžืคืจื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ืžื‘ืฆืข ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื‘ืจืžืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจืื™ ืขืœ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืื• ืžื™ื“ืข. ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืžื ื”ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืฉืื•ืช ืœื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื•ืžืžืฉืงื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขื ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื” ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืœืช ื’ื™ืฉื” ื ืขืฉื™ื ื‘ืจืžืช ืชื•ื›ื ื” ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืชืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื” ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื ืžืฆื“ ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื™ ื•ืœืœื ืชืœื•ืช ืื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื ื™. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ 2 ื”ื”ืฆืคื ื” ื•ื”ืื™ืžื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ื‘ืงืจ ื•ื‘ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื” ื ืชืžืš ืจืง ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืœืื—ื•ืจ ืขื ื’ืจืกืื•ืช 2.0 ื•ืžื˜ื”. ืื•ืคืŸ ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” 3 ืื•ื›ืฃ ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ืžืชื‘ืฆืข. ืืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชื‘ืฆืข ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืื•ืชื—ืœื” (ื”ื›ื ืช ืžืคืชื—ื•ืช) ื•ื”ืฆืคื ื” ื•ืื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื• ื›ื”ืœื›ื”. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืื•ืคืŸ 3 ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื‘ืจืžืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช NIST ืžืžืœื™ืฆื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืœืคืขื™ืœ ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื‘ืจืžืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ืชืงืคื•ืช ืฉืžื ืฆืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืฉืช ื“ืจื›ื• ืœื”ืชืงื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืœืœื ื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ. ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ืขื“ ื’ืจืกื” 2.0 ืฉืœ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ 3 ืืš ื”ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ื• ืจืง ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืœืื—ื•ืจ. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ 4 ืฉื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ื’ืจืกื” 2.1+EDR ื”ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื ืื›ืคืช ื‘ืจืžืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ ื”ื•ืฉืœื. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ 4 ื”ืื™ืžื•ืช ืžืชื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืช SSP (ืฆื™ืžื•ื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—), ืฉื‘ื• ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ECDH ืžืฉืžืฉ ืœื”ื›ื ื” ื•ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ืžืคืชื—ื•ืช ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ. ืขื“ ื’ืจืกื” 4.0 ื ืขืฉื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืขืงื•ื ืืœื™ืคื˜ื™ P192 ื•ื”ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชืžื™ื ืœื”ืฆืคื ื” ื•ืื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ื–ื”ื™ื ืœื’ืจืกื” 2.0. ื‘ื’ืจืกื” 4.1 ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืงื•ื ืืœื™ืคื˜ื™ P256. ื‘ื’ืจืกื” ื–ื• ื”ืื™ืžื•ืช ืฉื•ื“ืจื’ ืœืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ืื™ืžื•ืช HMAC-SHA-256 ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ HMAC ืขื ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื™ืช ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ื‘ SHA-2 ืฉืื•ืฉืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชืงืŸ FIPS. ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ื”ื”ืฆืคื ื” ืฉื•ื“ืจื’ ืœืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื AES ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืคืขืœื” CCM. ื”ื—ืœ ืžื’ืจืกื” 4.0 ื ื•ืกืคื” ืœืžืคืจื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ื’ืจืกืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” (low energy) ืื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื ืžื•ื›ื”. ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื‘ื’ืจืกื” ื–ื• ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ื–ื” ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืขืœ ืกื•ืœืœื•ืช ื–ืขื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื ื™ื. ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืกื ืกื•ืจื™ื ืืœื—ื•ื˜ื™ื™ื ื–ืขื™ืจื™ื ืื• ืžื›ืฉื•ืจ ืจืคื•ืื™ ืœื‘ื™ืฉ. ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื”ื: ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืืจื’ื™ื” ืžื•ืคื—ืชืช ืžืื•ื“, ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช, ื™ื™ืขื•ืœ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™/ื”ืชื—ื‘ืจื•ืช, ื—ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืงืฆืจื•ืช, ื•ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื. ื”ื˜ื‘ืœื” ื”ื‘ืื” ืžืจืื” ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' BR/EDR ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื ืžื•ื›ื”. ื”ื—ืœ ืžื’ืจืกื” 4.0 ืฉืœ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืžื•ืš ื’ื ื‘ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช BR/EDR/HS ื•ื’ื ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื ืงืจื "ืžืฆื‘ ื“ื•ืืœื™". ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ื™ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื• ื–ืžื ื™ืช ืœืื•ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ื‘ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื” ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœืกื ืกื•ืจ ื”ื ืขื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื ืžื•ื›ื”. ืžื”ื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ืขื“ 721 ืงื‘"ืฉ, ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœื’ืจืกื” 1.1. ื’ืจืกื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ืฉื•ื—ืจืจื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 2004, ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืžื’ืจืกืื•ืช ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ืกืคื” ืฉืœ ืงืฆื‘ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจ (Enhanced Data Rate - EDR) ืฉืชืจื ืœื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข. ื”ืงืฆื‘ ื”ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ ืฉืœ EDR ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืจืš 3 ืžื’ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ ืœืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืื‘ืœ ื”ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืžืขืฉื™ ื”ื•ื 2.1 ืžื’ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ ืœืฉื ื™ื”. EDR ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ Gaussian frequency-shift keying ื•- Phase-shift keying ื•ื ื•ืชืš ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื”ื•ืจื“ืช ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช. ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' LE, ืฉื ืงืจื ืงื•ื“ื Wibree, ื”ื•ื ืชืช-ืกื˜ ืฉืœ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' 4.0 ืขื ืžื—ืกื ื™ืช ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื ื™ื” ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื. ื›ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืœืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœื™ื ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ืฉื”ื•ืฆื’ื• ื‘ื’ืจืกืื•ืช 1.0 ืขื“ 3.0 LE ื ื‘ื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ืžืื“ ืฉืจืฆื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืœ ืกื•ืœืœื•ืช ืžื˜ื‘ืข. ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื”ืฆ'ื™ืคื™ื ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืฉืชื™ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข, ืžืฆื‘ ื“ื•ืืœื™ ื•ืžืฆื‘ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืœื’ืจืกืื•ืช ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช. ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื Wibree ื•- Ultra Low Power ื ื ื˜ืฉื• ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช BLE ื•ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ืช 2011 ื”ื•ืฆื’ ื”ืžื•ืชื’ "Bluetooth Smart Ready" ื•- "Bluetooth Smart" ืœื™ืฆื•ื’ ืฉืœ BLE. ื’ืจืกื” ื–ื• ืฉื•ื—ืจืจื” ื‘-4 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2013 ื•ื”ื™ื ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืชื•ื›ื ืชื™ ืœื’ืจืกื” 4.0 ื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืžืจืชื™. ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืคื™ืฆ'ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืฉืคืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืขื ืชืžื™ื›ืช "ื“ื•-ืงื™ื•ื" ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ืขื LTE, ืงืฆื‘ื™ ื”ื—ืœืคืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื•ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ืœืžืคืชื—ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืชืŸ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ. Train Nudging ื•-Generalized Interlaced Scanning. ื˜ื•ืคื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื›ื‘ืช ื”-link ืขื‘ื•ืจ LE. ื’ืจืกื” ื–ื• ืฉื•ื—ืจืจื” ื‘-2 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2014 ื•ื”ืฆื™ื’ื” ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืžืจืชื™, ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช ื—ืœืง ืžื—ื•ืžืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช' ื”ื™ืฉื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื•ืœื›ื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืคื™ืฆ'ืจื™ื ืฉืœ 4.2 ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ ืงื•ืฉื—ื”. ื‘ืฉื ืช 2015 ื”ื•ื›ืจื– ืขืœ ื’ืจืกื” 5.0, ื›ืืฉืจ ื—ื‘ืจืช ืกืžืกื•ื ื’ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืคืœืืคื•ื ื™ื ื’ืœืืงืกื™ 8s ื•ื”ืื™ื™ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื’ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”. ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ื’ืจืกื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื”ื™ื ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘-2 ืกื•ื’ื™ ืื•ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื• ื–ืžื ื™ืช. ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืงื• ืจืื™ื™ื” (ืœืขื•ืžืช ืชืช ืื“ื•ื). ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืžืฆื“ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืชื—ื•ื ืชื“ืจื™ื. ื”ืกืคืง ื—ืฉืžืœ ื ืžื•ืš ืืฉืจ ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื’ื•ืจื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื. ืจื•ื—ื‘ ืคืก ื ืžื•ืš ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืžื•ื ืข ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืงื‘ืฆื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื–ืจื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื•ื—ื–ืจ ืžืชื•ืš "https://www.hamichlol.org.il/w/index.php?title=ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช%27&oldid=745708"
ืืคืœ, ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกื•ืคื˜, Google, ืกืžืกื•ื ื’, ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ, ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง 56 ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืื—ืจื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจื• ื™ื—ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืœื”ืฆืคื ืช ื”ื™ื—ืœืฉื•ืช ืื•ืžืจื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” "ืžื ื•ืฆืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจืขื™ื". ืื—ืจื™ ืžื ื›"ืœ ืืคืœ ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ื ืงื•ืง ื›ื™ "ื›ืœ ืื—ื•ืจื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืื—ื•ืจื™ืช ืœื›ื•ืœื", ืฉื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืœืขื ืฃ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข, ื”ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ 62 ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืืžืจ: "ื”ืฆืคื ื” ื”ื™ื ื›ืœื™ ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืื ื• ืžืกืชืžื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ื ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืžืคื•ืฉืขื™ื ื ื™ืงื•ื– ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ืง ืฉืœื ื•, ืœื’ื•ื ืŸ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืžืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉืชืœื˜ื• ืขืœ ืคืจื™ืฆื•ืช ื–ื“ื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืื—ืจืช ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•. " ื”ื•ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ืฆืคื ื”, ืืฉืจ ื”ืคื›ื” ืœืกืœืข ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืืœื• ืฉืœื, ื™ืฉ ืคืจืฆื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžืชืงืคืช ื”ื˜ืจื•ืจ ืขืœ ืคืจื™ื–. ืžื ื›"ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข, ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื’ืืจืคื™ืœื“, ืืžืจ: "ื”ื—ืœืฉืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™." ืกื•ืฃ-ืœืงืฆื” ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืžื•ืฆืคื ืช ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉืจืง ื”ืฉื•ืœื— ื•ื”ื ืžืขืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื”, ืฉื‘ื• ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืื•ืžืจื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืœืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืžื“ืช ื ื—ื™ืชื•ืช. ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ืฉืœ, ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ื“ืœืชื•ืช ืื—ื•ืจื™ื•ืช - ื—ื•ืจื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื”ื™ื›ืœ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืคื ื” ืฉื•ื ื•ืช - ื™ืฉ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื• ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช. ื’ืืจืคื™ืœื“ ืืžืจ: "ื”ื—ืœืฉืช ื”ืฆืคื ื” ืื• ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื“ืœืชื•ืช ืื—ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืœืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžื•ืฆืคื ื™ื ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจ 'ื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืคื’ื™ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื ื•ืฆืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจืขื™ื, ืืฉืจ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื” ื ื–ืง ื’ื•ืคื ื™ ื•ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ืจืฆื™ื ื™ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืฉืœื ื•. " ืžื•ืžื—ื™ ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืฉืชื•ืืจื• ืœืขื™ืœ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื›ืžื• "ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ืงื•ืงื™ื™ืช ืขื ืŸ" ืขืœ ื”ืฆืขื•ืชื™ื• ืฉื”ืฆืคื™ื ื• ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืœืืกื•ืจ. ื”ืื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืกืจื‘ื•ืช ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ืืžืฆืขื™ ืฉื“ืจื›ื• ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ื•ืกื•ื›ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฆืคื ื”, ืื•ืกืจ ื™ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ืื• ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชื•ื›ื ืช ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื”ืฆืคื ื”.
ื•ืื ื™ ืจืง ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจืชื™ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื•ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืื ื™ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ื‘ื–ื” ื•ืžืขื“ื™ืฃ 5 ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช - ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ืขืช ืื ื™ืฉ ืื™ื–ื” ืฉื”ื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ืงื™ืฅ ืœืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ืื• ืขืฆื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืœืชืช ืœื™ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื•ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืœืฉืืœื•ื ื™ื 006 ื•-007 , ื›ืœ ืขืฆื” ืชืชืงื‘ืœ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื”. ื”ืžื’ืŸ ื ืฉืืจ ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ ื•ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืืชื” ื‘ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ (ื›ืš ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช, ืœืื• ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”). ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœืฉืืœื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” - ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘- 4 ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช, ื•ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ 60 ื‘ืฉืืœื•ืŸ 003 (ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ ืงืœ ื‘- 4 ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช), ื•ืจืฆื• ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืื•ืชื™ ืœ- 3 ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช. ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื•ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข. ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืจื•ื ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœืžืžื•ืฆืข 100 ื‘- 003. ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง ื•ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘- 5 ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช. ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืืช 005 ืขื ื”ื›ื™ืชื” ื•ืืช 006 ื‘ืขืฆืžื™ (ืฉื”ื•ื ืื’ื‘ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืŸ ื”ืงืฉื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ). ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืขื–ืจื” ืขื ืงื™ืช ืžื”ืคื•ืจื•ื, ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื•ืชืจื’ืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื•. ื”ื™ื•ื ื ื™ื’ืฉืชื™ ืœ- 005 ื•- 006 ืฉื”ืœื›ื• ื‘ืกื“ืจ (ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ 80 ื‘- 005 ื•- 006, ืฉื–ื” ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืข ืœื“ืขืชื™, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืืฉืคืจ ืื•ืชื ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ื‘') - ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืืœื• ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื. ื‘ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ, ืื™ืš ื”ืจืฆืœ ืืžืจ? "ืื ืชืจืฆื• ืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ืื’ื“ื”". ืื ืงืฆืช ื”ืชืžื“ื” ื•ืขื–ืจื” ืžื”ืคื•ืจื•ื - ืชืงื‘ืœ 100. :) ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื”!! ืจืง ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื“ืขืช , ืขืœ ืื™ื–ื” ืกืคืจ ืืชื” ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ืœืœืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉืœ 006? ื‘ื ื™ ื’ื•ืจืŸ ื—ื“ ืžืฉืžืขื™ืช ืžื›ื™ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉืกื™ื™ื ื‘ืจ ืื™ืœืŸ ื•ื‘ื’ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื•ื—ืจืฉ ืืช ื”ืชื—ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื—ื•ืจ ืืคืฉืจื™, ื”bottom line ื–ื” ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื’ื•ืจืŸ ืื•ื›ืœ ืืช ื›ื•ืœื. ื‘ื ื™ ื’ื•ืจืŸ ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืœืชืจื’ืœ ืžืžื ื•, ืื™ืŸ ืžื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื“. ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื• ืžืขืœ - ืื ื™ ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืขื ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื’ื•ืจืŸ ืฉืืœื•ืŸ ื•' (006), ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื›ื™ืœ ื”ื›ืœ ื•ืขื•ื“ ืงืฆืช (ืจืฉื•ื ืฉื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื”ืื ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื). ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืืชื ืžืžืœื™ืฆื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื›ื–ื” ืืชื’ืจ? ื•ืื ืœื ืื– ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชืงื“ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื? ืื—ื“ ืื—ื“ ืœืคื™ ื”ืกืคืจ? ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžืš ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืœื•ืžื“ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืืœื ืจืง ืื™ื ื“ื•ืงืฆื™ื”. ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฉืืจ ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื- ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ืžืœื•ืื ื•ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื—ื“ื•"ื- ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ื˜ืจื™ื’ื• ืœืกื•ืฃ. ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื–ื” - ืื ืขืฉื™ืช ืฉืืœื•ืŸ 005 ื›ื‘ืจ, ืœืžื” ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช 006 ืœื‘ื“? ืื ื™ ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืืช ื–ื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” ื™' ืœืžื“ื ื• ืืช 003, ื•ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” ื™ื' ืืช 005, ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช 006 ืœื‘ื“. ืื ื™ ื’ื ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืืช ื›ืœ 06 ืœื‘ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืฉืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืงื™ืฅ ื•ืœื ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืฉื ื” ื”ื‘ืื”. ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื•ืช ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™: ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื‘ื’ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื•ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืจืง ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืœื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ื•ืœื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ -ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœืš ื—ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœ 06. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื ื‘ื‘ื’ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื›ื—ืช ื–ื”ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืžืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ื”ื–ื”ื•ื™ื•ืช. ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ืชืงื“ืžื ื• ืขื ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืฉืžืชื™ ืœื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ืžืžืฉ ื™ื•ื“ืข. ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืื•ืชื™ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืขืฉื” ืœื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื ืช ื•ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืจืฆื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืื•ืชื™ ืขืœ 60 ืื– ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ืฉื ื” ื”ื‘ืื”. ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœื™ ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื›ืŸ ื”ืกืคื™ืง ืœื‘ื’ืจื•ืช (ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืกืขื™ืฃ ื’' ื‘ืื™ื ื“ื•ืงืฆื™ื” ื•ืขื•ื“ ืื™ื–ื” ืกืขื™ืฃ ื‘ืื—ืช ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช).
ื ื•ื›ืœ ืจื›ืฉ ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืžืจืžื” ื•ืžื›ืจ ืื•ืชื•: ืžื™ ื™ืคืฆื” ืืช ื”ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื? ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ืคื” ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื‘ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉื• ืžื•ื›ืจื™ ืจื›ื‘ ืฉื ืคืœื• ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืœื”ื•ื ืื” ืžืฆื“ ื ื•ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”ื’ (ืขื“ ืฉื ืชืคืก ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื”) "ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ" ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืฉืœื, ื•ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืื•ืชื ืœืื—ืจื™ื. ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ืื™ื™ืœ ื“ื•ืจื•ืŸ ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ืžื™ ืฉืชืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืฉืœื ืœืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื›-60 ืืœืฃ ืฉืงืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืฉืจื›ืฉื” ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืžื”ื ื•ื›ืœ. ื–ืืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื ืขืžื“ื” ื‘ืชื ืื™ "ืชืงื ืช ื”ืฉื•ืง" ืฉื‘ื—ื•ืง ื”ืžื›ืจ. ื‘-2013 ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืคืจืกืžื• ืžื•ื“ืขื” ืœืžื›ื™ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ื ืžืกื•ื’ ืคื’'ื• 207. ืœืžื•ื“ืขื” ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืื“ื ืฉื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืื•ืชื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื ื• ืชืžื•ืจืช 80,000 ืฉืงืœ, ื•ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืฉืœื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฉื™ืง ื‘ื ืงืื™ (ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ื•ืฆื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืžื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื›ื™ืกื•ื™). ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืจืื• ืฉื”ืฉื™ืง ื”ื•ืคืงื“ ืœื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื ื”ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื•ืขื‘ืจื” ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ืขืœ ืฉื ื”ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืื‘ื™ื•. ืืจื‘ืขื” ื™ืžื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืžื”ื‘ื ืง ืฉืœืฉื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื›ื™ืกื•ื™. ืจืง ืื–, ืœื˜ืขื ืชื, ื”ื ื’ื™ืœื• ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืง ืฉื”ื•ืคืงื“ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฉื™ืง ื‘ื ืงืื™ ืืœื ืฉื™ืง ืจื’ื™ืœ. ื”ืงื•ื ื” ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœื”ืคืงื™ื“ ืฉื™ืง ืื—ืจ ืืœื ืฉื’ื ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืœืœ. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ, ื”ืงื•ื ื” ื”ืกืคื™ืง ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื™ ืื—ืจืช. ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืฆืข "ืชืจื’ื™ืœ" ื›ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-20 ืžืงืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื, ื ืคืชื—ื• ื ื’ื“ื• ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืคืœื™ืœื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืจืฉืข ื‘ืžืจืžื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื•ื“ืืชื•. ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ื›ืœ ื›ื‘ืจ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืคืกืง ื“ื™ืŸ, ืžื” ืฉื ื•ืชืจ ื›ืขืช ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื›ืจื™ืข ื‘ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื ื’ื“ ื‘ื ื• ื•ืžื™ ืฉืจื›ืฉื” ืžืžื ื• ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘. ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื“ืจืฉื• ืืช ื”ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืื•ืœื ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืชืžืงื“ื• ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ื”ื›ืกืคื™ ื•ืชื‘ืขื• ืืช ืฉื•ื•ื™ื• โ€“ 80,000 ืฉืงืœ. ืฆื™ืœื•ื: ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืขืฆืžื™, ืคืกืงื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ื“ื•ืจื•ืŸ ื“ื—ื” ืืช ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื ื’ื“ ื”ื‘ืŸ, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืœื ื”ื•ื›ื— ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ ื”ื”ื•ื ืื” ืฉืœ ืื‘ื™ื• ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืชื ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืื•ืฉืคื– ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื. ืžื›ืืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ื ื™ื’ืฉ ืœื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžืขืžื™ืง ืฉืœ ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื ื’ื“ ื”ืจื•ื›ืฉืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœืื•ืจ ืชื ืื™ ื—ื•ืง ื”ืžื›ืจ ืฉืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื, ื›ื›ืœืœ, ืฉืื ืื“ื ืžื•ื›ืจ ื ื›ืก ื’ื ื•ื‘ ื”ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื ื•ืชืจืช ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ื™ื, ืœืžืขื˜ ืื ื”ืจื•ื›ืฉ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืงื ื” ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืชื ืื™ "ืชืงื ืช ื”ืฉื•ืง" โ€“ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื‘ืชื•ื ืœื‘, ื‘ืชืžื•ืจื” ืžืœืื” ื•ืžืกื•ื—ืจ ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืžื•ืจืฉื” (ืชื ืื™ ืœืคื™ื• ื”ื ื›ืก ื ืžื›ืจ ืžืื“ื ืฉืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื›ื™ืจืช ื ื›ืกื™ื ืžืกื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžื›ืจ). ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื™ืชื— ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืกืงื ื” ืฉื”ืขืกืงื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ืชื ืื™ "ืชืงื ืช ื”ืฉื•ืง". ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ื ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ื”ืจื•ื›ืฉืช ืœื ื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื” ืฉืฉื™ืœืžื” ืืช ืžืœื•ื ื”ืชืžื•ืจื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจื›ื‘. ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื–ื” ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืืฃ ืžืกืžืš ืื• ืืกืžื›ืชื ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืœื ื”ื•ื›ื— ืฉื”ื ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืกื•ื—ืจ ืจื›ื‘. ื”ืจื•ื›ืฉืช ืืฃ ืœื ืขืžื“ื” ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ื ืœื‘. ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ื”ืชืจืฉื ืœืฉืœื™ืœื” ื’ื ืžืขื“ื•ืชื” ื•ื’ื ืžืขื“ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื”, ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื‘ื“ืง ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืจื›ืฉ ืื•ืชื• (ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ). ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ "ืืฉื ืชื•ืจื" ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ 25% ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืชืจืฉืœื• ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ืกื›ื™ืžื• ืฉื”ื ื•ื›ืœ ื™ืคืงื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืง ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืœื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืจืื•ืชื•. ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ื—ื•ื™ื‘ื” ืœืฉืœื ืœืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื 60,0000 ืฉืงืœ ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ืฉื›"ื˜ ืขื•"ื“ ื‘ืกืš 14,200 ืฉืงืœ. ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื ื’ื“ ื‘ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ื›ืœ ื ื“ื—ืชื”, ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื—ื•ื™ื‘ื• ืœืฉืœื ืœื• ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ืฉื›"ื˜ ืขื•"ื“ ื‘ืกืš ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ 5,850 ืฉืงืœ.
ื. ื‘ืงืฉืช ืจืฉื•ืช ืขืจืขื•ืจ ืขืœ ืคืกืง ื“ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื (ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ื“ืจื•ืจื™) ื‘ื‘ืจ"ืข 3358/07 ืžื™ื•ื 19.11.07, ื‘ื’ื“ืจื• ื ื“ื—ืชื” ื‘ืงืฉืช ืจืฉื•ืช ืขืจืขื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื (ืกื’ืŸ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืคื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื’) ื‘ื' 7603/07 ืžื™ื•ื 2.8.07. ื‘. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ืœืคืœื•ื ื™ ื ืชื’ืœืขื” ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ื™ื—' ื’'ืจืื—. ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืฉืœื•ื ืคืกืง ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ื‘ืชื‘ื™ืขืช ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉื”, ื•ื”ื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืกื™ืœื•ืง ื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืคืœื•ื ื™ ืžื”ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ. ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ ื“ื—ื” ืขืจืขื•ืจ ืขืœ ืคืกืง ื“ื™ืŸ ื–ื”. ืคืกืง ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื’ืฉ ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืœืคื•ืขืœ. ืืš ื‘ื™ื ื™ ืœื‘ื™ื ื™ ืคืชื—ื” ื”ืžืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื ื˜ื•ืขื ืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ื‘ืงืจืงืข. ื”ื•ื’ืฉื” ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืฆื• ืžื ื™ืขื” ื–ืžื ื™. ื›ืขื•ืœื” ืžื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืฉืœื•ื, ื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื 24.6.07, ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื. ื‘ืชื•ื ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ, ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื• ืœื™ื•ื 11.7.07. ื‘ื™ื•ื 28.6.07 ื”ื•ื’ืฉื” ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื“ื—ื™ื™ืช ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืขืงื‘ ื”ื™ืžืฆืื•ืช ืžืฆื”ื™ืจ ืžื˜ืขื ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ, ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžืช ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื. ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื ื“ื—ื”. ื‘-31.7.07 ื”ื•ื’ืฉื” ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื“ื—ื™ื™ืช ืžื•ืขื“ ื“ื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ื–ืืช ืขืงื‘ ื”ื™ืžืฆืื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืžืคืจืงื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ. ื‘ืœื™ืช ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ. ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื‘ืงืฉื” ื”ื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ื›ื™ ืชื—ืช ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืกืขื“ ื–ืžื ื™, ื™ื•ืงื“ื ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื™ืง ืœื’ื•ืคื•. ื’. ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ ื‘ืงืฉืช ืจืฉื•ืช ืขืจืขื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื–ื•. ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ ื“ื—ื” ืืช ื”ืขืจืขื•ืจ ื•ืงื‘ืข, ื›ื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื ื•ื’ืขืช ืœืื•ืคืŸ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ื•, ืชื”ื ืจืžืช ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ืฉืœ ืขืจืขื•ืจ ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” - ื ืžื•ื›ื”. ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืงื‘ืœืช ื‘ืงืฉืช ืจืฉื•ืช ืขืจืขื•ืจ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืงืฆืืช ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ืขืจื›ืื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœืฉื‘ืฉ ืืช ืœื•ื— ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขืจื›ืื” ืงืžื, ื•ื–ืืช ืื™ืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืœื ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ื ื“ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื“. ืžื›ืืŸ ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช, ื‘ื” ื ื˜ืขืŸ, ื›ื™ ื”ืงื“ืžืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ื‘ืขื ื” ืื™ืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื” ื“ื—ื™ื™ืช ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืกืขื“ ื–ืžื ื™ ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื; ืขืœ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืกืขื“ ื–ืžื ื™ ืœื”ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ืงื“ื, ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžื•ืขื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื’ื ืœื”ืงื“ื™ื ื•ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช. ื”ื•ืกืฃ ื›ื™ ื“ื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ื ื•ื’ื“ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืœืขื™ื•ื•ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืžืงืคื—ืช ืืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื” ื”ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื”ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉืช. ื”. ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืขื™ื•ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืขืชืจ ืœื‘ืงืฉื”. ื”ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉื›ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื™ืชืขืจื‘ ื‘ื• ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœื’ื•ืœ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ืฉื›ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืžืขื•ืจืจ ืฉืืœื” ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ืื• ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืจื’ืช ืžืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื (ืจ"ืข 103/82 ื—ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ืคื” ื‘ืข"ืž ื ' ืžืฆืช ืื•ืจ (ื”ื“ืจ ื—ื™ืคื”) ื‘ืข"ืž, ืค"ื“ ืœื•(3) 123, 128, ืžืคื™ ืž"ืž ื”ื ืฉื™ื, ื›ืชืืจื• ืื–, ืฉืžื’ืจ); ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ, ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื, ืœื’ื‘ื™ื”ื ื ืคืกืง ื›ื™ "ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื–ื” ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘ ื‘ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื“ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ืขืœ ืคื™ื• ืงื‘ืข ืืช ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืชืœื•ื™ ื•ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืคื ื™ื•" (ืข"ื 607/70 ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ืง ืืคืœื™ื ืกืก ืงื•ืจืคื•ืจื™ืฉืืŸ "ื™ืจื“ืŸ" ื ' ื’ืจืฅ ืคืจื˜ืจื‘ืกื’ื–ืœืฉืคื˜, ืค"ื“ ื›ื”(2) 441, 443 (ืž"ืž ื”ื ืฉื™ื, ื›ืชืืจื• ืื–, ื–ื•ืกืžืŸ); ืจืื• ื’ื ืจืข"ื 266/88 ืกืืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ืฉื™ื•ื ืœ ืœื™ืžื™ื˜ื“ ื•ืื—' ื ' ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืค"ื“ ืžื“(2) 206, 210 (ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ืžืœืฅ); ืจืข"ื 2048/03 ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื•ื—ื˜ ื–"ืœ ื ' United States of America (ื˜ืจื ืคื•ืจืกื) (ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ - ื›ืชืืจื• ืื– - ืจื™ื‘ืœื™ืŸ)). ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื“"ืจ ืฉ' ืœื•ื™ืŸ (ืชื•ืจืช ื”ืคืจื•ืฆื“ื•ืจื” ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช, ืžื‘ื•ื ื•ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ (ืชืฉื "ื˜-1999) ืขืž' 181-180, "ื ื˜ื™ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื–ื” ืฉืœื ืœื”ื™ืขืชืจ ืœื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืจืฉื•ืช ืขืจืขื•ืจ ื‘ื’ืœื’ื•ืœ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืชื”ื ื—ื–ืงื” ื›ืฉื”ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœื ื”ื›ืจื™ืข ื‘ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ". ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื ื”ืชืจืฉืžื•, ื›ื™ ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ืœื ื™ื™ื—ืกื” ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืœืกืขื“ ื”ื–ืžื ื™, ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ื“ื—ื™ื™ื” (ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื”, ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื“ื—ื™ืคื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื•ืฆืืช ื“ืจืš ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ืฉืขื” ืฉื‘ื ื›ื•ื—ื” ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ). ื ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื›ืืŸ, ื›ื™ ืกืขื“ ื–ืžื ื™ ืžืฉืžื™ืข ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื“ื—ื™ืคื•ืช, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ื›ื ื•ื“ืข ืœื”ื™ื ืชืŸ ื’ื ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ืฆื“ ืื—ื“ (ืชืงื ื” 367 ืœืชืงื ื•ืช ืกื“ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™, ืชืฉืž"ื“-1984); ืœื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ื“ื—ื™ืคื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืกืขื“ ื™ืชื›ื ื• ืื™ืคื•ื ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช, ื›ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื“ื ื. ื”ื“ืขืช ื ื•ืชื ืช, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื, ื›ื™ ืžืฉืงื‘ืข ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืงื“ื ืžืฉืคื˜ - ืžื•ืขื“ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื—ืœืฃ - ื”ื™ืชื” ื–ื• ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœืฉืžื™ืขืช ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื•ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฅ. ื ื™ืชื ื” ื”ื™ื•ื, ืœ' ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ื”ืชืฉืก"ื— (6.2.2008).
ืคืขื ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื–ืจ. ื›ืฉืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืจื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืืช ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ื‘ื•, ื”ื•ื ื‘ืจื ืืช ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื“ืžื•ืชื• ื•ื‘ืฆืœืžื• (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืโ€™, ื›ื”ืณ). ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืจื ืื•ืชื ื• ืขื ืžื˜ืจื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืคืืจ ืื•ืชื• ื•ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื ืฆื—ื™ืช ืืชื•. ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ืืช ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื, ืžื”ืœืœื™ื, ืžื•ืงื™ืจื™ื ื•ื™ืจืื™ื ืื•ืชื•. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžื˜ืจื” ื ืขืœื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื! ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื™ืฆืจ ืื•ืชื ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืขื ื’ ืขืœื™ื•. ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš, ื”ืœื‘ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืžื•ืฆื ืืช ืกื™ืคื•ืงื• ืจืง ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื’ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœืฉืžื” ื”ื•ื ื ื‘ืจื โ€“ ืœืคืืจ ืืช ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื•ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืžื ื• ืœื ืฆื—. ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ, ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื ื›ืฉืœื• ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื”ื’ืฉืžืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื–ื•, ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ืฉืื™ืคื” ืœื”ื’ืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื”. ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืžืจื“ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื ื’ื“ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืคืขื™ืœ ืื• ืกื‘ื™ืœ, ืžืกืจื‘ืช ืœืฉืชืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ ืœื ื•. ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืขื“ื™ืคื™ื ืœื—ืคืฉ ืœืขืฆืžื ื• ืชื—ืœื™ืคื™ื. ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืžืœื ืืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ืฉื ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื ื• ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื—ื˜ื ืฉืœื ื•. ืชื—ืœื™ืคื™ื ืืœื” ื ืงืจืื™ื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ โ€œืืœื™ืœื™ืโ€. ื‘ืื’ืจืช ืืœ ื”ืจื•ืžื™ื ืโ€™, ื›ืืณ-ื›ื”ืณ (ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”) ื›ืชื•ื‘: โ€œืฉื”ืจื™ ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื”ื ืืช ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืœื ื›ื™ื‘ื“ื• ืื•ืชื• ื›ืจืื•ื™ ืœืืœื•ื”ื™ื, ืืฃ ืœื ื”ื•ื“ื• ืœื•, ืืœื ื ืชืคืกื• ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื‘ืœ ื•ื ื˜ืžื˜ื ืœื‘ื ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืœื™. ื”ื ื”ืชื™ื™ืžืจื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืืš ื ื”ื™ื• ืœื›ืกื™ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืžื™ืจื• ืืช ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ืœืฃ ื‘ื“ืžื•ืช ืฆืœืžื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื‘ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืฃ ื•ื‘ื“ืžื•ืช ืฆืœืžื™ ืขื•ืคื•ืช, ื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ืจืžืฉื™ื. ืœื›ืŸ ืžืกืจื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืœื˜ื•ืžืื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืชืื•ื•ืช ืœื‘ื, ืœื—ืœืœ ืืช ื’ื•ืคื ื‘ื™ื ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื, ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืžื™ืจื• ืืช ืืžืช ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืฉืงืจ ื•ืขื‘ื“ื• ืืช ื”ื ื‘ืจื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจืโ€ฆโ€. ื”ืฉืœื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื ืœื ื• ื ื–ืง ืœืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ. ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืžืชื™ื™ืžืจ ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ืžืงื•ืžื• ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ื•ื ืืœื™ืœ. ื”ืžืจื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืืœื™ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื ื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื ืงื˜ืœื ื™ืช ืœืœื‘ ื”ืื“ื. ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื”ืŸ ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ ืžืื•ื“ ื ืคื•ืฅ ืœืืœื•ื”ื™ื. ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจื™ื, ืžื•ืจื™ื, ื”ื•ืจื™ื, ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ืฉื”ื ืื™ื ื ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื•. ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืืœื ื‘ื‘ืขโ€ื—, ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืื• ื›ืœ ืื•ื‘ืกืกื™ื” ื›ื–ื• ืื• ืื—ืจืช. ื”ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงืื™ ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืื™ ื‘ืœื– ืคืกืงืœ ืืžืจ ืคืขื: โ€œื‘ืœื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืงื™ื™ื ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืืœื•ื”ื™ืโ€. ื”ื•ื ืฆื“ืง ืžืื•ื“. ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ืืžืจ: โ€œื”ื ืคืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœื ื™ืžืฆืื• ืžื ื•ื— ืขื“ ืฉื™ืžืฆืื• ืžื ื•ื— ื‘ืืœื•ื”ื™ืโ€. ืจืง ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉื‘ื™ืข ืื•ืชื ื•, ืœื ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ. ื”ืืกื˜ืจื•ื ื•ื ืงืืจืœ ืกื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื—ื™ื‘ืจ ื›ืžื” ืจื‘ื™ ืžื›ืจ ื•ืฉื™ืžืฉ ื›ืื—ื“ ื”ื ืืžื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืกื˜โ€ื™ (seti โ€“ ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœ search for extraterrestrial intelligence) ืฉื ื•ืกื“ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1984 ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœืกืจื•ืง ืืช ื”ื™ืงื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ืื•ืชื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ืชื‘ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ. ืกืคืจื• ืจื‘ ื”ืžื›ืจ ืฉืœ ืกื™ื™ื’ืŸ, ืงื•ืกืžื•ืก ื”ืคืš ื’ื ืœืกื“ืจืช ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื ื•ืฉืืช ืคืจืกื™ื ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืคืœืื™ ื”ื™ืงื•ื ื•ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ืœื ื‘ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ืจื ืชื‘ื•ื ื™ ืืœื ื‘ืงื™ื•ืžื ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื–ืจื™ื ืชื‘ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื™ื. ื”ื•ื ื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•, ืื ื ื“ืข ืžื™ ื”ื ื”ื—ื•ืฆื ื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืžืช ืžื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื. โ€œืขืฆื ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืขืœ ืงื™ื•ืžื ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืคืจื˜ ืœื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ื”ื’ื–ืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™โ€. ืžื”ื• ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื˜ืขื ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืกื™ื™ื’ืŸ? ืื™ืœื• ื—ื™ื™ื–ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื”ื ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ืื™ื ื ื” ืกื‘ื™ืจื”, ื”ืจื™ ืžืฉืชืžืข ืžื›ืš ืฉื”ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื ืžืืชื ื• ื›ื’ื–ืข. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ื›ืžืขื ื” ืœืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•. ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื–ื” ืžืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื ื•ืืฉ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืขื ื” ืœืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืชื”ื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืงื™ื•ืžื ื•. ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืื ืœื™ื™ืŸ ืงืจื™ื™ื’, ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืฃ ื•ืชื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืขืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืชื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืžื’ื ื ื” ื”ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืข, ืกื™ื›ื ืืช ืžืฆื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื ืคืจื“ ืžืืœื•ื”ื™ื: โ€œื”ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ืื™ืŸ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืื– ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช, ืขืจืš, ื•ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืง ืืฉืœื™ื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช. ื”ื ืจืง ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉ ืฉืœื ื•. ืื ื”ืืชืื™ื–ื ื”ื•ื ืื›ืŸ ื”ืืžืช ืœืืžื™ืชื”, ืื–ื™ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื ื‘ืืžืช ื—ืกืจื™ ื›ืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช, ืขืจืš ื•ืžื˜ืจื”, ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืฉื˜ื•ืขื ื•ืช ื”ื”ืคืšโ€. ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจ ืคืจื ืงืœ ื”ื™ื” ืฉื‘ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื—ื ื” ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ื ืืฆื™ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”. ืฉื ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ื” ืืช ื–ื•ื•ืขื•ืช ืžื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื•ืืช ื”ื™ื™ืื•ืฉ ื”ืจื’ืฉื™ ืฉื ืœื•ื•ื” ืœืฆืคื™ื™ื” ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืชื ืœื”ื•ืจื’ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื•, ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ืคื™ื ืžืคืฉืข ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืžื•ืฆืื ื”ืืชื ื™. ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืขื“ ืœืžื” ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืคืฉื™ื˜ื™ื ืžืžื ื• ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ื ื ืชื•ืŸ ืœืขื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืคื•ื’ื” ืžื”ื ืื™ื ื” ื ืจืื™ืช ืœืขื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘. ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืœ ื”ืจืฉืข ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื™ืชื•ืืจ ื”ื–ื”, ื”ื—ืœ ืคืจื ืงืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืœื—ื™ื™ื•. โ€œืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ืจื, ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื—ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืื•ืฉื•ื•ื™ืฅ ื—ื™ื–ืงื• ืืช ืžื” ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืื—ื“ ืžืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืคืชื— ืฉืœื•: ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉ ื•ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืื™ื ื ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ืชืขื ื•ื’ื•ืช, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืคืจื•ื™ื“, ืื• ืื—ืจ ื›ื•ื—, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืœื™ืžื“ ืืœืคืจื“ ืื“ืœืจ, ืืœื ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช. ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœ ื›ืชืคื™ื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื“ื ื”ื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืœื—ื™ื™ื•โ€. ื‘ืกืคืจื• ื”ืื“ื ืžื—ืคืฉ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช, ืชื™ืืจ ืคืจื ืงืœ ืื™ืš ื”ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื“ื‘ืงื• ื‘ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืฉื™ื’ืขื•ืŸ ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ ืื•ืชื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœืฉืจื•ื“. ืืœื” ืฉืื™ื‘ื“ื• ืืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœื ืžืŸ ื”ื ืžื ืข ืžืชื•. ื”ื•ื ืฆื™ื˜ื˜ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ื ื™ื˜ืฉื” ืฉืืžืจ: โ€œืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• โ€˜ืœืžื”โ€™ ืฉืœืžืขื ื• ื™ื—ื™ื”, ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืืช ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ โ€˜ืื™ืšโ€™. ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ ืกื•ื‘ืœ ืืช ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืื™ื–ื ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืืžื•ื ื”. ื ื™ื˜ืฉื” ืžืกื›ื™ื ืขื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื: โ€œืื– ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืœื—ื™ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ื™: ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• โ€˜ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชโ€™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ืโ€ฆโ€ ื”ื™ื™ืื•ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืœืคืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื. ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื’ืจืฉ ืืช ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืžื“ืขืชื ื•ื ืคืฉื ืฉืœ ืขืžื™ื ื•ืื•ืžื•ืช ืจืง ื”ืคื™ืง ืจึดื™ืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืจืขื‘ ืขืžื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืืžืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช. ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื, ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœืงื“ื ื“ื™ืืœื•ื’ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืœืœื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื, ืžืชื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืืชืื™ืกื˜ื™ื ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” โ€œื”ืื ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืื• ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ?โ€ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ื• ื—ื•ืฉืคื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื. ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืžื•ืฆืขื™ื ืฉื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืชืื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืžื”ืจื• ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ื‘ื—ื™ื•ื‘. ื”ื ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœื›ืš ืืช ื“ืื’ืชื ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืืœื” ืื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืืžืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช. ื”ื ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉื”ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื”ืŸ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื ืขืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืงืœ ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ืื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉืืจ ืขืกื•ืงื™ื ื•ื ืกื™ื— ืืช ื“ืขืชื ื•, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžื•ืงื“ื ืื• ื‘ืžืื•ื—ืจ ืื“ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžื”ืŸ. ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืขื•ืœื ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืื• ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ื™ื, ืื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ โ€œืขืคืจ ื‘ืจ ืžื–ืœโ€? ืื ื™ืฉ ืชื›ื ื™ืช, ืื– ืื™ืคื” ื”ืชื›ืœื™ืช? ื›ืคื™ ืฉืฆื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืคืจืง ื’โ€™, ื“ืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื• ื˜ืขืŸ ืฉืชืจื’ื•ื ืชื•ืจืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœื• ืœืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื™ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ. ืืš ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืจื™ืฆโ€™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืงื™ื ืก ื”ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืืžืช ืขืœ ืžืฆื‘ื ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ ืื• ืงืฉื” ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื”: โ€œื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืื™ื ื ื• ืื›ื–ืจื™, ืจืง ืื“ื™ืฉ ืœืœื ืจื—ื. ื–ื”ื• ืื—ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื”ืงืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ืœืœืžื•ื“. ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืœื ืจืขื™ื, ืœื ืื›ื–ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืœื ืื“ื™ื‘ื™ื, ืืœื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืื“ื™ืฉื™ื โ€“ ืื“ื™ืฉื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืกื‘ืœ, ื ื˜ื•ืœื™ ื›ืœ ืชื›ืœื™ืชโ€. ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื›ืš, ื‘ืจื˜ืจืื ื“ ืจืืกืœ ืืžืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื‘ืจืจื” ืืœื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื• โ€œืขืœ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืื™ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืื•ืฉ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืจืคื”โ€. ื”ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืงืจื•ืช ื•ืงืฉื•ืช ื•ืฉืœ ืืžืช ืื›ื–ืจื™ืช, ืฉื›ืŸ ืœื™ืงื•ื ืœื ืื›ืคืช. ื‘ืœื™ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืื•ืœื˜ื™ืžื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืืฉืœื™ื”. ื”ืืงื–ื™ืกื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ ื–โ€™ืืŸ ืคื•ืœ ืกืืจื˜ืจ ืกื™ื›ื ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื ื˜ื•ืœืช ืืœื•ื”ื™ื, ื‘ืื•ืžืจื• ืฉืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉื›ื–ื• ืื™ื ื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ โ€œื—ืœื•ื ืขืœื•ื ืขืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืชโ€ฆ ืฉืžืชื ืคืฅ ื›ืžื• ื‘ื•ืขื”โ€. ื”ื•ื ื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืื ืœื—ื™ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืืžืชื™ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ืื– ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ืขืงืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ื˜ื” ืฉืœ ืงื™ื•ืžื ื• ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืขืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื•ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื•ื—ืš. ื”ื‘ื“ื™ื—ื” ื”ืงื•ืกืžื™ืช ื”ืื›ื–ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ื”ืขืžื“ืช ื”ืคื ื™ื ื”ื–ื• ื›ืื™ืœื• ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื›ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื‘ืืžืช ืžืฉื ื”. ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื ื˜ื•ืจืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ื”ืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืขื’ื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืงื•ื ื—ืกืจ ื›ืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ ืชื›ืœื™ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืืžืชื™ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ื™. ืœื•ืจื ืก ืงืจืื•ืก ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื”ืขืžื“ื” ื”ื–ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ: โ€œื”ื™ืงื•ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื–ื” ืžื•ืฆื ื—ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื ื•, ืื ืœืื•. ื”ืงื™ื•ื ืื• ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืงื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ืจื ืื™ื ื• ืชืœื•ื™ ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•. ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืœื™ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืื• ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื ืจืื” ืื•ืœื™ ืงืฉื” ื•ื—ืกืจ ื›ืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื›ืฉืœืขืฆืžื• ืื™ื ื ื• ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืช ืขืฆื ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืืœื•ื”ื™ืโ€. ืงืจืื•ืก ื•ืขืžื™ืชื™ื• ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืฃ ื ื’ื“ ื”ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉืืชืื™ืกื˜ื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื•ืชื›ืœื™ืช. ื”ื ืžืกื‘ืจื™ื ืืช ืื•ื–ื ื™ ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื”ื ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืชืฉื•ืงื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ืœื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ื™ื“ืข ื•ืืžืช ืฉื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืžื•ืงื“ืฉื™ื ืœืžื“ืข, ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื ื—ืจืฆื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื›ืœื™ืช ืื• ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ื ื•ืช, ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืจืง ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื‘ืจืจื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ืขื ื™ืงื” ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื ื˜ื™ ื”ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื ื• ืœืฉืจื•ื“. ืื– ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื ืคืœื, ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื—ื™ื™ื, ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืžื ื˜ืœื™ืช ื•ื”ืจื’ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•, ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืชื•ืฆืจ ืฉืœ ืขื‘ืจ ื—ืกืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช, ืกื™ื‘ื” ืื• ืชื›ืœื™ืช. ืื ื™ ืžืกื•ืคืง ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื”ื—ื‘ืจโ€™ื” ื”ืืœื” ื™ื•ื–ืžืŸ ืื™ ืคืขื ืœืฉืืช ืืช ื ืื•ื ื”ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืคืชื™ื—ืช ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ืืœื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ืคื•ื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ ืื• ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ. โ€œืงื•ื“ื ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื ื—ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉื”ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ืžื™ ืื• ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื›ื™ืžื™ืช, ื”ื™ื ืงื‘ื™ืขื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ื›ืฉืœืขืฆืžื”. ืฉื ื™ืช, ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืื™ื ื ื” ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื”ื ืจืื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ ืื•ืชื ื•. ืื›ืŸ ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืžื™ื“ื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช ืฉืœ ืชื—ื™ื ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ื›ื ื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืกืงื ื” ืฉื“ืช ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื›ื™ืžื™ืช, ืฉื™ื•ืคื™ ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื›ื™ืžื™ืช, ื›ืš ื’ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืจืฉืข ื•ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ืฉืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื ืžืฆื. ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืคื™ืกื” ืฉื›ื–ื• ื”ืŸ ื”ืจืกื ื™ื•ืช. ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ืขื ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ื”ืžื’ื•ื—ื›ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื›ืืœื•ื”ื™ื โ€“ ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื›ื™ืžื™ืช ื”ืžืคื•ืชื—ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ืื ื”ืื“ื ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืื™ื–ื• ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื›ื™ืžื™ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืžืคื•ืชื—ืช? ื”ืื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื’ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื”ื‘ื”, ื ืืžื ื•ืช ื•ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช? ื”ืืชืื™ื–ื ืžืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ื˜ื‘ืขื™โ€. ื›ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช, ื–ื” ืžื•ืชื™ืจ ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื˜ืจืื’ื™ ืฉื›ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ืืฉื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ื–ื• ื‘ื ืžืฆื. ืคืจื ืกื™ืก ืฉื™ื™ืคืจ ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืžื‘ื™ืš ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื‘ื• ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจ ื”ืื“ื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™. ื‘ืงื•ืžื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื” ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืžื•ื ืข ืจืง ืžื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื•ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืœื ืงื™ื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืื– ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืฆืขื“ ื‘ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ืงื•ืคืฅ ืืœ ื”ืงื•ืžื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืฉื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื•ืชื›ืœื™ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœืงืคื™ืฆื” ื”ื–ื•. ื”ืืงื–ื™ืกื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื–ื, ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื™ืคืจ, ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• ื™ืชื“ ืฉโ€ืชืงื•ืข ืื™ ืฉื ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจโ€. ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืืœื” ืฉืžืขื ื™ืงื™ื ืœื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื ื—ื™ื” ื›ืš ืขื“ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื•ื˜ื—ื™ื ื•ืขืœื™ื”ื ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืฉืขื ื™ื ื™ืื‘ื“ื• ืžื—ื•ืกื ื ื•ื™ืชืžื•ื˜ื˜ื•. ื ืงืจืื ื• ืœื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืืœ ืื—ืจ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืืœื•ื”ื™ ื”ืืžืช ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ ืฉื ื™ืฉื ืขืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ืคืจื˜ ืœืืœื•ื”ื™ื, ื™ืื›ื–ื‘ ืื•ืชื ื•. ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืจื•ืฆื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ืชื ื•, ืœื ื‘ื—ื•ืจื‘ื ื ื•. ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจ ื’โ€™ื•ืŸ ืœื ื•ืงืก ืœืจื™ืฆโ€™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืงื™ื ืก, โ€œืืœื™ื ืžืขืฉื” ื™ื“ื™ ืื“ื ื”ื ืืฉืœื™ื”โ€. ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืจื ืื•ืชืš ืœืชื›ืœื™ืช ื•ืกื™ื‘ื”. ืืœื” ื˜ื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืง ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืจืงื ื”ื’ื ื˜ื™ ืฉืœืš ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื” ื—ื™ื”. ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืœื ื‘ื™ื ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื•, โ€œื‘ึผึฐื˜ึถืจึถื ืืฆื•ืจืš (ืึถืฆึผึธืจึฐืšึธ) ื‘ึทื‘ึผึถื˜ึถืŸ ื™ึฐื“ึทืขึฐืชึผึดื™ืšึธ, ื•ึผื‘ึฐื˜ึถืจึถื ืชึผึตืฆึตื ืžึตืจึถื—ึถื ื”ึดืงึฐื“ึผึทืฉืึฐืชึผึดื™ืšึธ. ื ึธื‘ึดื™ื ืœึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื, ื ึฐืชึทืชึผึดื™ืšึธโ€ (ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ื 5).
ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ืจื™ ืจืฉืžื™ื ื•ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช: ืื™ืจื•ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื™ "ืงื•ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช" ื‘ืงื˜ืžื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ืื™ืจื•ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื™ "ืงื•ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช" ื‘ืงื˜ืžื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื‘ื™ื•ื ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ื™ื—' ืชืฉืจื™ 1/10/2015 ื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ืื™ืจื•ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžืกื•ื’ื• -ืงื•ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืงื˜ืžื•ื ื™ื. ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ื›ืœืœ ื”ื•ืคืขื•ืช ื•ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช: ื”ื›ื ืช ืจืืฉ ื“ืฉื,ื”ื›ื ืช ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืกื‘ืชื,ืชืขืจื•ื›ืช ื—ื•ื›ืžืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื,ืฉื•ืง ืงื— ื•ืชืŸ,ืฉืžืœืช ื—ื’ ืฉืœ ื‘ื‘ื•ืฉืงื”, ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื˜ืขื ืฉืœ ืคืขื ื•ืขื•ื“'. ื’ื ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ืจื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื“ื•ื›ืŸ ืฉื›ืœืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืขืฅ ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื ื•ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžืชื•ืงืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช google earth ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืขืฅ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™. ื”ืžื‘ืงืจื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื ื”ื ื• ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื ื—ืฉืคื• ืœืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ืจื™. ืชื•ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืขื–ืจื” ื•ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ! ืœื™ืขืœ ืจื•ื–ืŸ-ืจื›ื–ืช ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื•ื”ื“ืจื›ื”,ืืชื™ ืจื•ื–ืŸ-ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื ื—"ื™ ื•ื ืชืŸ ื’ื•ืœื“ืคืจ-ืชืœืžื™ื“ ืžืชื ื“ื‘.
ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข, ื”ืชืงื ืช ืฉืขืจื™ื, ื”ืชืงื ืช ืกืœื™ื ื•ื”ืชืงื ื” ืฉืœ ืื‘ื™ื–ืจื™ ื•ืžืชืงื ื™ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืขืœ ืžื’ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืื™ื ื ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื•ืงืœ. ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืงืœ ืจืืฉ ื‘ื•, ื”ืจื™ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ. ื”ืชืงื ืช ืฉืขืจื™ื ืื• ื›ืœ ืื‘ื™ื–ืจ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืฉืœื ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื ื›ื•ื ื”, ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœืชื ืื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื•ื”ืžื’ืจืฉ ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืชืงื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืœ ื—ื•ืง ืื• ืชืงื ื”, ื–ื”ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ ืื“ื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื’ื•ืจื ืœืื™ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื’ืจืฉ ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜, ื”ืจื™ ืœื ืงืจื” ืคืขื ืฉืื“ื ื ืคื’ืข ืžืžืชืงืŸ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืฉืœื ื”ื•ืชืงืŸ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืจืื•ื™ื”. ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืžืชืงื ื™ ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื’ื ื–ื• ืขื•ืœื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื”, ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ื•ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืžื“ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื. ื‘ืื™ืœื• ืžื’ืจืฉื™ื ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืชืงื ื™ ืกืคื•ืจื˜? ืžืชืงื ื™ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืขืจื™ื, ืกืœื™ื ื•ืขื•ื“. ื”ืชืงื ืช ืฉืขืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื’ืจืฉื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ, ื›ื“ื•ืจืขืฃ, ืงื˜ ืจื’ืœ ื•ืขื•ื“. ืฉืขืจ ืœืžื’ืจืฉ ืงื˜ ืจื’ืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื›ื™ื— ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉื›ืŸ ืœืจื•ื‘ ืœื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืื• ื‘ืžืชืงื ื™ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจื—ื‘, ืฉืขืจื™ื ืืฉืจ ื™ื™ืžืฆืื• ื‘ืžื’ืจืฉื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื. ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ืืช, ืื ืชื‘ื—ืจื• ื‘ื ื•, ื—ื‘ืจืช ืžื•ื ื“ื• ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืื ื• ื ืขื ื™ืง ืœื›ื ืฉืขืจ ืœืžื’ืจืฉ ื”ืงื˜ ืจื’ืœ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื”ืฉืขืจ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืชืžืฆืื•. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืื ื• ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืงื ืช ืฉืขืจื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืžื’ืจืฉ, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื”ืชืงื ืช ืกืœื™ื. ื—ื‘ืจืช ืžื•ื ื“ื• ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื“ื•ื’ืœืช ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ืฉืืœื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื›ื•ืœื ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื•ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื ื ืชืคืฉืจ. ืื™ืš ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืชืงื ื™ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืขืœ ืžื’ืจืฉื™ื? ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช ื›ืืœื”, ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ื™ื•ืชืŸ ืœื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช ื›ืœืœ, ืืœื ืฉื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ื•ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืžื’ืจืฉ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื”ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืชืงื ืช ืžืชืงื ื™ ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื”, ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื“ืข ื”ืขื“ื›ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”, ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื•ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ, ืื ืืชื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžื’ืจืฉ, ื”ืชืงื ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืขืจื™ื, ืกืœื™ื ื•ืขื•ื“, ืคื ื• ืืœื™ื ื•, ืื ื• ื ืขืจื•ืš ืœื›ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืช ืœืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœื›ื, ื•ื ื‘ื ื” ืืช ื”ืฉืขืจ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืชื ืื™ ื”ืžื’ืจืฉ ื•ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื.
ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื ืงื‘ืข ืœื™ื•ื 27 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ. ืœื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœื™, ืชื•ื“ืขืช ื”ืฉื•ืื”, ื”ื ื—ืœืช ื”ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืื” โ€“ ื–ื• ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช, ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื™ืงืจื”. ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื™ืฆื ืœืžืกืขื•ืช ืž ืขื‘ืจ ืœื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืคื’ืฉ ืขื ืงื”ืœื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืฆื• ืœื ืœืฉื›ื•ื—. ืžืกืข ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืกืข ืœืื™ืจืœื ื“, ื•ืœืžืกืข ื”ื™ื• ื”ื“ื™ื, ืฉื™ืจืชื• ืจื™ื’ืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื: ื”ื•ืคืขืชื• ื›ื•ื‘ืฉืช ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœื™ ื–ื›ืชื” ืœื”ื“ื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื™ืจืœื ื“ ื•ืฉื‘ืจื” ื—ืจื ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช. ืžืชื‘ืจืจ, ืฉื”ื•ืคืขื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœื™ ื–ื•ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉืœื™ื—, ืฉื”ื•ื ืชื•ืจื ืืช ืชืจื•ืžืชื• ื”ืฆื ื•ืขื” ืœื”ื ื—ืœืช ืžื•ืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื•ืื”, ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืื”ื“ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื”ืขื™ืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ืœืจืื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื•ืคืขืชื• ื‘ืื™ืจืœื ื“, ืžืžืฉ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” โ€“ ื•ืžื™ ืฉืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื›ืœื™ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื‘ืื™ืจืœื ื“ ื”ื™ื” ืขึตื“ ืœืื”ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ื›ืœืคื™ื•, ืœืจืื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืขื•ืžืง, ืœืžืฉื•ื‘ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ืฉื–ืจื ืœืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืœื™ืŸ, ืื™ืจืœื ื“. ื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ืขื ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœื™ ื ืกื‘ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ืฉืœื•, ืฉื ื’ืขื• ื‘ืฉื•ืื”: "ืื‘ื™ ืœื ื™ื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ืœื—ื", "ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ื•ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืืฉ","ืžื—ื›ื” ืœืื‘ื™", "ืขื“ ื ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ืงืจ". ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืขื˜ื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ืกืคืจ ืฉืชื•ืจื’ื ืœืื ื’ืœื™ืช, ืœื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ืฉืชื•ืจื’ืžื•. ืžื•ื‘ืืช ื‘ื–ื” ื’ื ืขื˜ื™ืคืช ื”ืกืคืจ "ืžื—ื›ื” ืœืื‘ื™" โ€“ ืฉื™ืจื™ื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ืฉื–ื›ื• ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื ืœืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื•ื”ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื•ืคืขื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœื™ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื™ื. ื”ืงื”ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืžืจื•ืชืง, ืชื•ื“ืขืช ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื”ืคื›ื” ืžืžื•ืฉื’ ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื—ื™ื”. ื›ืื•ืจื— ืฉืœ ืฉื’ืจื™ืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื•ืขื– ืžื•ื“ืขื™, ื”ืจืฆื” ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืœื™ืŸ, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจืฆื” ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื˜ืจื™ื ื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืจืื•ืœ ื•ืœื ื‘ืจื’ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ืœื“ืชื• ื”ืžืื”. ื”ืฉื’ืจื™ืจ ื‘ื•ืขื– ืžื•ื“ืขื™ ื•ืจืขื™ื™ืชื• ื ื•ืจื™ืช, ืกื’ื ื™ืช ื”ืฉื’ืจื™ืจ, ืฉื™ื‘ื—ื• ืืช ื”ื•ืคืขืช ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœื™- ื•ืขืœ ืคื™ ืื™ื’ืจื•ืชื™ื”ื ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ, ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœื™ ื—ืจืฉื” ืชืœืžื™ื ื•ื™ืฆืจื” ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื”. " ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”. ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™ ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ื—ืจื ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืขืžื•ืง ื‘ืœื‘, ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืจื• ืœืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช". ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœื™, ื”ืชืจืื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ "ืื™ื™ืจื™ืฉ ื˜ื™ื™ืžืก", ื•ื”ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงื™ืฃ ืกื™ืคืจ ืืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœื™, ืกื™ืคื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื•, ืกื™ืคื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืžื—ื ื” ื‘ืจื’ืŸ ื‘ืœื–ืŸ, ืžืกืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœื™ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืื”. ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœื™ ืืฃ ื”ื•ื–ืžืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœื•ืช ืคื ื™ื ื‘ืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื”. ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช, ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื”ื—ืžืฆื ื• ื”ื•ืคืขื” ืžืจืฉื™ืžื”, ื•ืฉื™ื—ื” ืžืจื’ืฉืช ืขื ื”ืงื”ืœ. ื‘ืžื•ืคืขื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœื™, ืฉื ืขืจื›ื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ, ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžื•ืคืข ื’ื ืงื˜ืข ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืžื•ืกื™ืงืœื™. ื”ืžืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช ืœื”ื•ืคืขืชื• ื‘ืื™ืจืœื ื“ ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ืžื ืœื‘: ื”ืกืงื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉื• ืืช ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœื™ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืฉื•ืื”, ืืช ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืฉืœื™ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื”ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืžืจื’ืฉื•ืช: "ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœื™ ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื•ืขืชื™ืจ ื”ืฉืจืื”" , "ื™ื™ืฉืจ ื›ื•ื— ืœืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืฉื”ืฆื™ื’ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื• ืฉื™ืจื” ื–ื•, ื”ืชืจื’ื•ื ื”ื ืคืœื ื™ื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืงื”ืœ ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ ื•ืืช ื”ืงื”ืœ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ", "ื”ื•ืคืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื”ืžืžืช ื•ื›ื•ื‘ืฉืช". ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœื™ ืกื™ื›ื ื‘ืงื•ืœ ื ืจื’ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืกืข ืœืื™ืจืœื ื“: "ื ืกืขืชื™ ืœื“ื‘ืœื™ืŸ ื—ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช, ืฉื‘ืชื™ ื’ื“ื•ืฉ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช. ื‘ื”ืจืฆืืชื™ ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื” ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื ืฉื‘ืจ ื—ืจื ืžืชืžืฉืš ื›ืœืคื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•, ื”ื”ืจืฆืื” ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื˜ืจื™ื ื™ื˜ื™ ืกื—ืคื” ืืช ื”ืงื”ืœ ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื™ื•ื ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืจืื•ืœ ื•ืœื ื‘ืจื’, ื‘ืฉื ืช ื”ื•ืœื“ืชื• ื” 100. ื”ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžืกืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื›ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืขื ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ "ืื™ื™ืจื™ืฉ ื˜ื™ื™ืžืก". ื‘ื™ืงืจืชื™ ื‘ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ื“ื‘ืœื™ืŸ, ืขื™ืจื• ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ืื ื• ื”ืžื ื•ื— ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืจืฆื•ื’, ื•ืื‘ื™ื• ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื”ืจืฆื•ื’. ืงื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ื ื‘ืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื™ื—ืก ืฉืœ ื”ืงื”ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื, ื›ืœ ืืœื” ื’ืจืžื• ืœื™ ืœื”ื—ืกื™ืจ ืคืขื™ืžื”". "ื ื”ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืœื ื™ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœืชืืจ ืืช ื”ืฆืœื—ืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœื™ ื‘ื“ื‘ืœื™ืŸ.... ื•ืžืกืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืœืฆื”: "ื”ืžืฉืš ืฉื™ื’ื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœื™ ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื - ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ!". ื”ืžื—ืžืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื”ืŸ ื—ื“ ืžืฉืžืขื™ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ื” ื ื•ืจื™ืช ืžื•ื“ืขื™ ืกื’ื ื™ืช ื”ืฉื’ืจื™ืจ: "ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœื™ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื™ื• ื•ื‘ื ื•ืขื ื”ื’ืฉืชื• ืืช ืฉื™ืจื™ื•, ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžื–ื” ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืขืฉื•ืจ ืœืคืฆื— ืืช ื—ื•ืžืช ื”ื—ืจื ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืฉื™ืžื— ืื•ืชื ื• ืขื“ ืžืื“!". ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื• ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ื ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœื™, ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืฆืœื—ืชื• ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ืื• ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื™ืฆื™ืจื”, ืฉื ืžืฉืš ื‘ื”ืชืžื“ื” ื–ื” ืฉื ื™ื: ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœื™ ืœื™ืจื™ืงืŸ ืœืœื ืชืงื ื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื™ื• ืœื ืจืง ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ืื”ื‘ื”, ืืœื ื’ื ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ, ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื”ืชื‘ื’ืจื•ืช, ื‘ื”ื’ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื–ืงื ื”, ืขืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื•ืงืกืžื• ืžืกืคืจื• "ืงืฉื•ื‘ ืœื’ืœื™ื" ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื›ืจืžืœ, 2008 โ€“ ื•ื›ืš ื”ืฆื˜ืžืจืจื ื• ืžืกืคืจื• "ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ื•ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืืฉ" (ื›ืจืžืœ 2004) - ื•ื’ื ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื”ืขื ื•ื’ "ืขืœ ื—ืœืงืช ื‘ื˜ื ืš ื”ืœื‘ื ื”: ืฉื™ืจื™ ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ืืจื•ื˜ื™ืงื”" (ื›ืจืžืœ 2002). ื‘ื”ื•ืคืขื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืงืคื™ื“ ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœื™ ืœืกืคืจ ืืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืฉื•ืื”, ืกื™ืคื•ืจื• ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™, ื•ืฉื ื’ื ืงืจื ืœื ืจืง ืžืฉื™ืจื™ื• ืืœื ื’ื ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืคืจื•ื–ื” "ืขื“ ื ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ืงืจ" (ืขืงื“ 1997) โ€“ ื•ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืกืคืจ, ืฉืžืกื•ืคืจ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ. ื‘ืกืคืจ ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื•ืžื•ืงื“ื, ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืœื™ืœื” ื ืคืฉื™ืช, ืฉืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื” ืขืœื™ืœื” ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืช ื•ืขืœื™ืœื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช. ื ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืขื ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืคืชื— ืœื ื• ืฆื•ื”ืจ ืœื”ื‘ื ืช ืฉื™ืจืชื•, ืœื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ืงื”ืœ, ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืžืกืจื™ื•. ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื”ืชืจืฉืžื ื• ืžืŸ ื”ืžืกืข ื”ืžื•ืฆืœื— ืœืื™ืจืœื ื“, ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืื•ื”ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืœื™ืŸ, ืื™ืš ื”ื’ืขืช ืœืฉื? ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœื™: "ื–ื” ืœื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื“ื‘ืœื™ืŸ, ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘"ืชืžื ื•ืŸ" ื‘ืขืœ ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช, ื™ืจื™ืขื” ืจื—ื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“, ืžืคืขืœ ืฉืœ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื, ื”ื ื•ืฉืง ืœื›ืชื™ื‘ื”, ืœื”ืจืฆืื•ืช, ื•ืœืžื•ืกื™ืงื”. ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืืจืฆื ื• ื”ืงื˜ื ื”. ืื ื™ 'ื—ื•ืจืฉ' ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืœืื•ืจื›ื” ื•ืœืจื•ื—ื‘ื” ื•ืžืจืฆื” ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืชื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื. ื›ืœ ื”ืจืฆืื•ืชื™ื™ ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืงื™ ืกืคืจื•ืช, ื‘ืฉื™ืจื” ื•ื‘ืงื˜ืขื™ ืคืจื•ื–ื” ืžืกืคืจื™ื™. ื–ืืช ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืื ื™ ืžืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืžืคืขืœ ื”ื•ื•ืชื™ืง ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ืžืคืขืœ "ืกื•ืคืจ-ืื•ืจื—". ืื ื™ ืฉืžื—, ืฉืื’ื•ื“ืช ื”ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžืœื™ืฆื” ืขืœ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ื™ ื‘ืžื™ื–ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื–ื”. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืงื”ืœ, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืœื ื•ืขืจ, ื•ื–ื• ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื‘ืจื•ื›ื” ื•ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช, ืฉื‘ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ ืขื ืงื”ืœ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื–ื”". ืžื•ืจื’ืฉ, ื›ื™ ืื—ื“ ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืฉืืชื” ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ื”ืชืžื“ื”, ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืฉื•ืื”, ืชื•ื“ืขืช ื”ืฉื•ืื”, ื”ื–ื›ืจ ืฉืœ ืืœื” ืฉื ืกืคื• ื•ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืืœื” ืฉืฉืจื“ื•. ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœื™: "ืื ื™ ืื›ืŸ ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื›ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื•ืžืฉื•ื—ื— ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจืชื™ ื•ืขืœ ื  ื•ืฉื ื”ืฉื•ืื”. ืื ื™ ืคืขื™ืœ ื’ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื”. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื‘ื—ืจืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื™ื“ ื•ืฉื ื”ืฉืงืขืชื™ ืžืืžืฆื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ืคืขื” ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ื•ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืชื•ื“ืขืช ื”ืฉื•ืื”. ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื™ื“ ื•ืฉื ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืกื“ ื—ืกืจ ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื, ืจื™ืง ืžืชื•ื›ืŸ . ืื ื™ ื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื–ื” ืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ืื ื™ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ื›ืš. ื”ื•ื–ืžื ืชื™ ืœื”ืจืฆื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ืฉื•ืื”, ื‘ืคื ื™ ืžืฉืœื—ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื”, ื”ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืช ืœืฉื ื”. ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืžืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืžืคื’ืฉื™ื ืืœื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื’ืจื™ืจ ื‘ืืจืฆื• ืœื ื•ืฉื ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื•ื”ื ืฆื—ืชื”.ื”ื”ืจืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ื‘ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ืช, ื™ื“ ื•ืฉื ื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื›ืœ ืžื•ืจื” ืืช ื”ืจื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœื™, "ืขื“ ื ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ืงืจ, ืžืชื•ืจื’ื ืœื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ืช - ื•ืื’ื‘ ืจื•ืžืŸ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื ื’ื ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช". ื”ืื ื”ื™ื• ื”ื“ื™ื ืœืžืคื’ืฉื™ื ืืœื”? ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœื™: "ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืจืฆืื•ืชื™ื™ ืœื ืžืขื˜ ืžื•ืจื™ื ื”ืงื™ืคื• ืืช ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื™ ื•ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื™ ืœื”ืจืฆื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืจื, ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื ืžืœืžื“ื™ื. ื”ืจืฆืืชื™ ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื”, ื‘ืื—ืช ื”ื”ืจืฆืื•ืช ืฉืžืชื•ืขื“ืช ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื“ื™ืื•, ื”ืฉืชืชืคื” ืฉื’ืจื™ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืจืืฉ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื•ื ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.15 ื ืขืจื•ืช ื“ืงืœืžื• ืืช ืฉื™ืจื™ื™ ื”ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ ืงืจืื• ื’ื ืคืจืงื™ื ืžื”ืจื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืขื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืชืคืื•ืจื” ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ืช ืขืฉื™ืจื”, ื”ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืขืœ-ืคื”". ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื‘ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื” ืกื™ื•ืจื™ ื”ืจืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืงื”ืœ ืœื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™". ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™, ื–ื” ืงื”ืœ ืฉืžื’ื™ื‘ ืื—ืจืช. ื”ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื—ืฉืฉ ืžืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขื•ื™ื ื•ืช? ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœื™: "ืืกืคืจ ืœืš ืขืœ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื ืฉืืจื• ื—ืจื•ืชื•ืช ื‘ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ื ื™ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจืฆืื” ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื”, ืขื™ืจ ืฉื’ื•ื‘ืœืช ืขื ื™ื•ื’ื•ืกืœื‘ื™ื” ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ. ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื”ืจืฆืื” ื ื™ื’ืฉ ืืœื™ื™ ื›ื•ืžืจ ื‘ืžื“ื™ ื›ื•ืžืจ ื•ืืžืจ: 'ืื ื™ ื‘ืืชื™ ืžืขื™ืจ ืงื˜ื ื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืœ. ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืฉื™ืจื™ืš, ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ืœืฆืืŸ ืžืจืขื™ืชื™,ืœื‘ื ื™ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื™, ืœื”ื˜ื™ืฃ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื ืœืื”ื‘ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืฉื ืื”'. ื›ืš, ืืชื” ืจื•ืื”, ื’ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ืงื”ืœ ืœื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™, ืฉื™ืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืจื›ืš ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช, ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืžื—ื™ืฆื•ืช. ื•ื”ื ื” ืขื•ื“ ื“ื•ื’ืžื”: ื‘ืฉื•ื‘ื™ ืืจืฆื” ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื›ืชื‘ ืžื ืขืจื” ื‘ืช 17 ืฉื”ืฉืชืชืคื” ื‘ื”ืจืฆืื”. ืงืจืืชื™ ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื”ืœื. ื”ื ืขืจื” ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ืœื™, ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื™ื™ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืœื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืจ ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื”. ืœื ืขื–ืจ ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ ืืœื™ื”, ืฉื‘ื• ื›ืชื‘ืชื™, ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื’ื ื›ื ื•ืฆืจื™ ื•ื’ื ื›ืžื•ืกืœืžื™. ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ืจื” ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื’ื™ื•ืจ, ื•ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื™ื” ื›ืฉืจื”. ืœืœืžื“ืš, ืžื” ื”ืฉืคืขืชื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื™ื. ื–ื›ื™ืชื™ ืœืžืกืคืจ ืคืจืกื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืช ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื”. ืœืฉื™ืจื” ื™ืฉ ื›ื•ื— ืœื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช". ืœืคื™ ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื•ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ื• ื‘ืื™ืจืœื ื“, ืจืื™ืชื™, ืฉื”ื•ืคืขื•ืชื™ืš ืฉื‘ืจื• ื—ืจื, ื›ื‘ืฉื• ื’ื ืงื”ืœ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขื•ื™ืŸ. ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืฉืคื™ืขื• ื”ื•ืคืขื•ืชื™ืš ื‘ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื” ืขืœ ืงืฉืจื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ- ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื”? ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœื™: "ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžื•ืกื™ืงื” ื™ื–ืžืชื™ ืžืคืขืœ, ื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ ืžื ืฆื—ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื”. ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืงื•ื ืฆืจื˜ื™ื ืขื ืชื–ืžื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื” โ€“ ื”ืŸ ื‘ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื”, ื”ืŸ ื‘ืืจืฅ. ื‘ื›ืœ ืงื•ื ืฆืจื˜ ืžื‘ื•ืฆืข ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืฉื•ืื”. ื”ืงื•ื ืฆืจื˜ื™ื ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื›- 130 ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžื•ืœื—ื ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ืงืœืืกื™". ืฉืžืชื™ ืœื‘ ืฉื”ื•ืคืขื•ืชื™ืš ื–ื•ื›ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื’ื ื‘ืงื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืกื™ืงื” ื•ื‘ืงื•ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืžื” ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื? ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื–ื” ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ื•ืคืขื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื? ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœื™: "ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ืงื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืกื™ืงื” ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื, ืฉืื ื™ ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื”ื—ื™ ื”ืžื•ืฉืžืข ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžื’ื“ืจ ื”ืงืœืืกื™. ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ืงื•ื ืฆืจื˜ ืื ื™ ืขื•ืœื” ืœื‘ืžื” ื•ืงื•ืจื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ืžื ื•ื’ื ื™ื, ื‘ืฉืคืชื. ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืชื™ื™ ืžื•ืฉืžืขื•ืช ื•ืžื‘ื•ืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืขืจื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช, ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื•ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”.ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืจื“ื™ื• ื•ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื•ืงืœื˜ื•ืช ืžืงื•ื ืฆืจื˜ื™ื ื•ืจืื™ื•ื ื•ืช. ื‘ืื—ืช ืžืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ืชืจื’ื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ืฉื ื“ื•ืจ ืฆ'ื•ืจื™, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืขืžื“ ืœื ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื”, ื•ื’ื ื‘ื™ืงืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื‘ืคืกื˜ื™ื‘ืœ ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ื. ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืืช ืฉื™ืจื™ื™ ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื ืžืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืชืงืœื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื, ืฉืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจื™ื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืืžื ื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”. ืืชืžื•ืœ ื”ืชื‘ืฉืจืชื™ ืฉื”ืชืงืœื™ื˜ื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ "ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืขื“ ื›ืœื•ืช" ื ื›ื ืก ืœืžื•ืขืžื“ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ื™ื•ืช 'ื’ืจืืžื™' ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ( ื”ืื•ืกืงืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืกื™ืงื” )". ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืฉื•ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืคืขื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื›ืžื• ืื™ืจืœื ื“, ืœื”ื•ืคืขื” ืžืžืฉ ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”, ืœื”ื•ืคืขื” ืกืžื•ืš ืœืžื—ื ื” ื”ืฉืžื“ื”? ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœื™: "ืœืคื ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื” ืื•ืชื™ ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ืฆืœื”, ืขื™ืจ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืœื‘ืจื’ืŸ- ื‘ืœื–ืŸ, ืœืกื“ืจืช ื”ืจืฆืื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื ืชืชื™ ื”ืจืฆืื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืงื”ืœ ืœื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™, ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื ืขืจืš ืขืžื™ ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืžืฆื•ืœื ื‘ื‘ืจื’ืŸ-ื‘ืœื–ืŸ, ื•ื›ืŸ ืงื‘ืœืช ืคื ื™ื ืืฆืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืขื™ืจ. ื•ืืชื” ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ืขืช, ืžื” ืื ื™ ื ืฉืืœ ืฉื, ืžื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื. ืืกืคืจ ื›ืžื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช. ื ืขืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืงื ื•ืฉืืœ ืื•ืชื™: ื”ืื ืื ื™ ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœืกืœื•ื— ืœืกื‘ื ืฉืœื•? ื”ืื ื ื•ืชืจื” ื‘ื™ ืฉื ืื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”?. ื”ื™ื• ืฉืงืžื• ื•ืฉืืœื• ืื•ืชื™, ืื™ืš ืžืชื ื”ืœื™ื ื—ื™ื™ ืื—ืจื™ ืžื” ืฉืขื‘ืจืชื™? ืžื” ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืฉืœืš ืขื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื? ืื™ืฉื” ื‘ื™ืงืฉื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ, ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืžืชื™ื™ืคื—ืช ื•ื‘ืคื™ื” ืฉืืœื” ื ื•ืงื‘ืช: ืื™ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœื”ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื”? ื”ืื ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื™ืขืฉื” ืืช ืฉืœื• ื•ื”ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื™ืขืœื? ืœืขืชื™ื ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื’ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืœื™ ืœื”ื—ืกื™ืจ ืคืขื™ืžื”, ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื•ืชืง ืœืจื’ืข". ืœืขืชื™ื ืื ื• ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื, ืฉื™ืฉ ืืžืช ื‘ืคืชื’ื, ืื™ืŸ ื ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจื•. ืืชื” ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœืื”ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื”ื•ืคืขื•ืชื™ืš ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืชื‘ืœ, ื•ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื, ื”ืื ืืชื” ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœืื•ืชื” ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•? ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœื™: "ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืจ-ืื™ืœืŸ ื™ืฉ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™. ืคืจื•ืค' ื ื•ืจื™ืช ื’ื•ื‘ืจื™ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ื” ืžืืžืจ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืชื” ื‘ื”ืฉืงืช ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ื "ืžื—ื›ื” ืœืื‘ื™". ื›ืš ื’ื ืฉืžืื™ ื’ื•ืœืŸ. ื›ืžื• ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื‘ืžื•ืกืฃ ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื‘ื—ืชื™ืžืชื• ืฉืœ ืืœื™ ื”ื™ืจืฉ. ื”ืžืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืืจืฅ ืžื—ืžื ืืช ืœื‘ื™ ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืžื—ื“ืฉ: ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื–ืžื ืชื™ ืœืขืฆืจืช ื”ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื•ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื” ื‘ื›ื ืกืช, ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ืฉื™ืจื™ "ื”ื—ื™ื•ืš". ืœืคื ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืคื ื• ืืœื™ื™. ื™ืฉ ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ืคื ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื™ ืœืชืจื•ื ืืช ื—ืœืงื™ ื‘ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ืžืกืจ ื”ืœืื”, ืœื”ื ื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืจืฉืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืื”, ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืœืคื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ืœืงื”ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื›ืš ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื™ืฆืื” ืžืฉืœื—ืช ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ืช ืœืคื•ืœื™ืŸ ืžื˜ืขื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื, ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ื”ื›ื ืกืช. ื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืžืžื ื™ ืœืฆืจืฃ ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืœืžืกืข. ืขืœ-ืคื™ ื”ื”ื“ื™ื ื”ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืืœื™ื™, ืฉื™ืจื™ื™ "ืžื›ื›ื‘ื™ื" ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ื•ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ืื™ืŸ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžืฉืœื—ืช ืœืคื•ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™. ืื ื™ ื ืขื ื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื”, ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื™ ื–ื• ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉื‘ื•ืขืจืช ื‘ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืคื” ืœืืœื” ืฉืงื•ืœื ื ื“ื, ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื’ืจื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืืžืช ืœืžืขืŸ ืขืžื™, ืœืžืขืŸ ืืจืฆื™". "ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื‘ืขืœื•ืชื™ ืœื—ื“ืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™, ืื ื™ ืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืžื‘ืขื“ ืœื—ืœื•ืŸ ื—ื“ืจื™ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืžืชืขื•ืจืจ, ื•ืžืื–ื™ืŸ ืœืฆื™ื•ืฆื™ ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื•ืœืžืฉืง ื›ื ืคื™ ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื. ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืขื ืŸ ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื ืฉื›ื—ื• ืœื—ืชืœ, ืžื˜ืคื˜ืฃ ืžืœืžืขืœื”, ื•ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืงืข ื‘ื”ืจื”ื•ืจื™ื: ืขื•ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื™ืคื” ืžื—ื“, ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ืคื” ื”ื–ื” ื—ืžื•ืฉ ืžื›ืฃ ืจื’ืœ ื•ืขื“ ืงื•ื“ืงื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื ืฉืง ืงื˜ืœื ื™ื™ื. ืชื”ื™ืชื™ ืžื” ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื”ื•ืœืžืช ืœื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื—ืžื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื™ื? ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ื ื—ืžื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื. ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืžืฉื™ืฆืื• ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื, ื’ื•ืจืœื ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื ื“ื‘ืช ืœื‘ื ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืจืื™ื". ื•ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืื”ื‘ื” ืขื ื”ืžืœื™ื". ื”ืžืคื’ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœื™ ืžืขื™ื“ื™ื, ืฉื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ืื•ืชื•, ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ืืช ืฉื™ืจืชื•. ืฉื™ืจืชื• ืžืคืœืกืช ื“ืจืš, ืฉื™ืจืชื• ื ื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ ื”ื ืฉืžื”, ื•ืžืขืœ ืœื›ืœ: ืœืฉื™ืจื” ืขื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื™ืฉ ื›ื•ื— ืœื”ืฆื™ื‘ ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”. ืฉื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœื™ ืžืชื—ื‘ืจืช ืœืฉื™ืจื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืชื™ื”, ืžืกืคืจืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœื• โ€“ ื•ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืœืกืคืจ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื•.
ืžื ื›"ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื“ืชื•ืช, ืืœื—ื ืŸ ื’ืœื˜, ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ื• ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ื•ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ืกื“ืจืช ืชืงื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจื• ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืžืกื•ื“ืจืช ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืœืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ื›ื–ื›ื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“. ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื–ื” 46 ืฉื ื”, ืžืื– ืฉื—ืจืจ ืฆื”"ืœ ืืช ื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ืชื•ืงื ื• ืชืงื ื•ืช ื›ืืœื”. ื’ืœื˜ ืืžืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืคื ื™ื ื‘ื›ื ืกืช ืœืจื’ืœ ื™ื•ื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืฉืขืกืงื” ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื‘ื”ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื. ื‘ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืœืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช ืžื˜ืขื ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืคื ื™ื ื ื›ืชื‘ ื›ื™ ื™ื•"ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื”, ื—"ื› ืžื™ืจื™ ืจื’ื‘, ืืžืจื” ืฉื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ ื•ื›ื™ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืขืœ ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื•ื ืืคืœื™ื”. "ืœื ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืฆื“. ื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ืชื•", ืืžืจื” ืจื’ื‘. ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื” ื›ื™ "ืขืœื™ื™ืชื ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืœื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื” ื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื–ืจื— ื•ืื–ืจื— ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ืช ื–ื•... ืื ื™ ืฉืžื—ื” ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื“ืชื•ืช ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืชืงื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืกื“ื™ืจื• ืื—ืจื™ 46 ืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช". ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืชืจื™ืข ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืกื˜ื˜ื•ืก-ืงื•ื• ื‘ื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื’ืจื•ืจ ืžืชืงืคื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื—ืจื™ืคื” ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืœืคื™ ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ื‘-News1, ืกื’ื ื™ืช ืžื ื”ืœืช ืžื—ืœืงืช ื™ืจื“ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ, ืคืจื™ื“ื” ื™ื•ื‘ืœ, ืฆื™ื™ื ื” ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉืžืฆื™ืข ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื“ืชื•ืช "ื™ืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื". ื”ื™ื ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื” ืžืžื”ื•ืžื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืืœื” ืฉืคืจืฆื• ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืืจื™ืืœ ืฉืจื•ืŸ ืขืœื” ืœื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืคืชื™ื—ืช ืžื ื”ืจื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืชืœ. ื—"ื› ืžืฉื” ืคื™ื™ื’ืœื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœืคื ื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื ืฉืืœืช ื”ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช. ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืืœื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ืช ืื• ื“ืชื™ืช. "ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืงืฃ ื”ื™ื ืœื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืืœื ื‘ืกืžืžืŸ ื”ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื™ ืฉื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ืช", ืืžืจ ืคื™ื™ื’ืœื™ืŸ. "ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื ื–ื”ื• ื›ืจืกื•ื ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื˜ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืกืœืื ืขืœ ื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช". ื—ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืื‘ืจื”ื™ื ืฆืจืฆื•ืจ ืฉืืœ ืื ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืžืœื‘ื“ ืžืกื’ื“ ืืœ-ืืงืฆื. ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, "ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืชื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืžืŸ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืœื—ื™ืง ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ื. ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื•ืก ืงื•ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื".
ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื”ื™ื ืœืคื™ื ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ืžื“ื™ืจื” ื•ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ื“ืžื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ื ื”. ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื” ื‘ืžืชื—ื ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ื›"ื‘ืชื™ ื•ืจืฉื”" ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืื” ืฉืขืจื™ื ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืื ืœื ืชื‘ืขืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ืŸ ื‘ื ื›ืก, ื›ื“ื™ื™ืจืช ืžื•ื’ื ืช ืื• ืื—ืจืช, ื”ืžื•ื ืขื•ืช ืืช ืคื™ื ื•ื™ื”. 1. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ื ื ืืžื ื™ ื”ืงื“ืฉ "ืจ' ืกืœื•ืžื•ืŸ (ืฉืœืžื”) ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจ (ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ) ืžื ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ื“ืจืžืŸ " ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืกื‘ื ืจื‘ื ืฉืœ ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ืžืจ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืื™ื™ื–ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืขืจืš ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื™ื™ืจ ืฉื ืช ืชืจืฆ"ื’ (1933) ื”ืกื›ื ื•ืœืคื™ื• ืžืกืจ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉ ืœืกื‘ื ืจื‘ื ื’ื’ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ 10 ืฉื ื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื’ื’ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืจื”. ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื ื‘ื ืชื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืกื‘ื ืจื‘ื ืืฉืจ ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉื‘ื ื” ืขื“ ืœืคื˜ื™ืจืชื•. ืœืื—ืจ ืคื˜ื™ืจืชื• ื‘ืฉื ืช ืชืฉื›"ื’ ( 1963) ื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจื• ื‘ื“ื™ืจื” ืกื‘ื” ื•ืกื‘ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช , ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ื“ื‘ื•ืจื” ืื™ื™ื–ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ. ืœืื—ืจ ืคื˜ื™ืจืช ื”ืกื‘ื ืฉืœ ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจื” ื‘ื“ื™ืจื” ื”ืกื‘ืชื ืขื“ ืœืคื˜ื™ืจืชื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 2006. ื›ืขืช ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจืช ื‘ื“ื™ืจื” ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช. ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ื ื˜ืขืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื” ื›ื™ ื”ืกื‘ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ืชื ื”ื™ื• ื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื ืžื•ื’ื ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืฉื™ืœืžื• ื“ืžื™ ืžืคืชื— ื•ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจื” ืขื ื”ืกื‘ืชื ืœืคื—ื•ืช 6 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืœืคื˜ื™ืจืชื”. ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ื”ื•ื’ืฉ ืขืช ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ืžื™ื•ืฆื’ืช. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืคื ืชื” ืœื‘ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ืœืฉื ื™ืฆื•ื’ื” ื‘ืชื™ืง , ื”ื•ื’ืฉ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื’ื ื” ืžืชื•ืงืŸ ืืฉืจ ื‘ื• ื ื˜ืขืŸ , ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื”ืกื›ื ืžืชืจืฆ"ื’ ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉ ืขื ืชื•ื ื”ื”ืกื›ื " ืœืฉืœื ืœืฉื•ื›ืจ ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ื" (ืกืขื™ืฃ 12ื“). ืขื•ื“ ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ื”ืžืชื•ืงืŸ ื›ื™ "ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉ ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ืชืŸ ืœื ืชื‘ืขืช ืื• ืœืงื•ื“ืžื™ื” ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืœืขืฆืžื• ืืช ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ื‘ื“ื™ืจื” ื•ืœื ื”ืฆื™ืข ืœืฉืœื ืืช ืฉื•ื•ื™ื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขืค"ื™ ื”ื”ืกื›ื" (ืกืขื™ืฃ 13). ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืš, ื›ืš ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื”ื’ื ื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ืืช ืชื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืคื ื•ื™. 2. ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื‘"ื› ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ื”ืžืชื•ืงืŸ ืฉื ื•ื™ ื—ื–ื™ืช ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื›ื— ื”ื”ืกื›ื ืžืชืจืฆ"ื’. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืื™ืŸ ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืกื•ืชืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืฉืชืงืช ืžืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ื”ืŸ ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื›ื— ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืขื ื”ืกื‘ืชื ื›ื“ื™ื™ืจืช ืžื•ื’ื ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื›ื— ื”ื”ืกื›ื ืขื ื”ืกื‘ื ืจื‘ื ืืฉืจ ืžืชื™ืจ ืœื• ืœื”ืฉื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื ื›ืก ืœืื—ืจื™ื ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื”ื•ื—ื–ืจื” ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื”. ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื‘"ื› ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ืžืฉืชื•ืงืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ื’ื•ื‘ืฉื” ื”ื—ื–ื™ืช ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ื”ืžืชื•ืงืŸ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœ"ืฆืœืฆื•ืœื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื" ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ, ืฉืžืงื•ืจื ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืืœื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช. ืžื•ืกื™ืคื” ื•ื˜ื•ืขื ืช ื‘"ื› ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ื›ื™ ื”ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ืขืœื• ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ื”ืžืชื•ืงืŸ ื”ืŸ ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืชืจื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืชืงื ื” 72 ืœืชืงื ื•ืช ืกื“ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™, ื”ืชืฉืž"ื“-1984. 3. ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืชื•ืงืŸ ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžืช ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืชื•ืš ืฉื”ื "ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื ืืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ื’ื™ืจืกืื•ืช ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื”ื’ื ื”" (ืจ' ืกืขื™ืฃ 3 ืœืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืžื™ื•ื 20.11.2011). ืžืฉืชื•ืงืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืœืฉื ื•ื™ ื—ื–ื™ืช ืืกื•ืจ ืฉื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื”ื ื”ืžื’ื‘ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื–ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื. ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“. ื”ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉื”ืชื•ื•ืกืคื” ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ื”ืžืชื•ืงืŸ, ื ืฉืขื ืช ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืœืงื” ืขืœ ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ืชื™ืช ืฉื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื™ื ื ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืขืœื™ื”. ืงืจื™, ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืกื›ื ืžืชืจืฆ"ื’. 4. ื”ืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื›ื— ื“ื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื ืช ื•ืœื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื›ื— ื”ื”ืกื›ื ืขื ื”ืกื‘ื ืจื‘ื? ืกื‘ื•ืจื” ืื ื™ ื›ื™ ื‘ืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ ื’ื ืœื›ืš ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื•ื‘. ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืจื”, ืœืžืขื˜ ื˜ืขื ืช ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืขื ื”ืกื‘ืชื, ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื™ืขืชื” ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืจืฆืฃ ื”ืฉืชืœืฉืœื•ืช ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืื—ื“ ืฉืขืœ ืชื—ื™ืœืชื• ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช โ€“ ื”ื”ืกื›ื ืขื ื”ืกื‘ื ืจื‘ื. ื•ืืฃ ืœื ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื›ื• โ€“ ืžืขืžื“ื ืฉืœ ื”ืกื‘ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ืชื ื›ื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื ืžื•ื’ื ื™ื. ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืื ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื” ืขื ื”ืกื‘ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ืชื ื”ื—ืœื™ืคื” ืืช ื”ื”ืกื›ื ืขื ื”ืกื‘ื ืจื‘ื ืื• ืœื, ืื™ื ื ื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ืขืชื” ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช. ื‘ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืœื• ืกื‘ื•ืจื” ืื ื™ ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ืขืœืืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืืœื” ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ื•ืœื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ. 5. ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื™ืจืช ืžื•ื’ื ืช ื‘ื ื›ืก ืฉื›ืŸ ืจืง ื”ืกื‘ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื™ืจ ืžื•ื’ืŸ ืžืงื•ืจื™ ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืกื‘ืชื ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื™ืจืช ื ื’ื–ืจืช. ืขื•ื“ ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ืคืœืฉื” ืœื“ื™ืจื” ืœืื—ืจ ืคื˜ื™ืจืช ื”ืกื‘ืชื ื•ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจื” ืขื™ืžื” ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืœืคื˜ื™ืจืชื”. ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื›ื™ ืœื ืชื‘ืขืช ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจ ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื•ืจื™ื” ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœื’ื™ืœื” ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ื‘ืขืช ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ืช. ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื’ื ื”ืกื‘ืชื ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื™ืจืช ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ื ื›ืก. ืœื˜ืขื ืชื” ื”ื•ื›ื— ื‘ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื™ืžื ื•ืช ื›ื™ ื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจื” ืขื ื”ืกื‘ืชื ืืช ืคืจืง ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืœืคื˜ื™ืจืชื” ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืขื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœืืžืจ ื›ื™ ื ื•ืชืงื” ื”ื–ื™ืงื” ืœื“ื™ืจืช ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื. 6. ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขืžื“ ืกื‘ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ื›ื“ื™ื™ืจืช ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช ืื• ื ื’ื–ืจืช ื”ื™ื ืžื”ื•ืชื™ืช ืœืฉืืœืช ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืžืขืžื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ืขืฆืžื” ื›ื“ื™ื™ืจืช ืžื•ื’ื ืช. ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื ื” ื›ื™ ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจื” ื‘ื“ื™ืจื” ื ืฉื•ื ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ืกื‘ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื, ืื–ื™ ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืžืขืžื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกื‘ืชื ื”ื•ื ื›ื“ื™ื™ืจืช ืฉื–ื›ื•ืชื” ื ื’ื–ืจืช ืžื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืกื‘ื, ืื™ืŸ ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ,ืฉื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจื” ืœื˜ืขื ืชื” ืจืง ืขื ื”ืกื‘ืชื, ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืœืžืขืžื“ ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื™ืจืช ืžื•ื’ื ืช ื‘ื ื›ืก (ืจ' ืกืขื™ืฃ 27 ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ื“ื™ื™ืจ [ื ื•ืกื— ืžืฉื•ืœื‘]) . ืื ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื”ื™ ื™ืชื” ื’ื ื”ืกื‘ืชื ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื™ืจืช ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช, ืื–ื™ ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ืชื”ื ื“ื™ื™ืจืช ืžื•ื’ื ืช ืฉื–ื›ื•ืชื” ื ื’ื–ืจืช ืžื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืกื‘ืชื ื‘ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื™ืชืจ ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืง ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ื“ื™ื™ืจ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื”ืžืขืžื“ ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื ื’ื–ืจืช. ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกื‘ืชื ื“ื™ื™ืจืช ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช ืžื‘ืกืกืช ื‘"ื› ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ืกื‘ืชื ื ื›ื ืกื” ืœื’ื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืจื” ืœืคื ื™ ืชืฉื›"ื— ืขืช ื—ื•ืงืง ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ื“ื™ื™ืจ ืžื›ื•ื—ื• ื”ืคื›ื• ื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื ืœื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื ืžื•ื’ื ื™ื. ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื” ืœื˜ืขื ืชื” ืœื“ื™ื™ืจืช ืžื•ื’ื ืช ืžื›ื— ื”ื—ื•ืง ื•ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืขื ื‘ืขืœื” ื ืขืจืš ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื•ื–ื” ืื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”. ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื‘"ื› ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื˜ืขื ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื–ื• ื”ื•ืขืœืชื” ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืžื™ื. ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ื•ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ื‘"ื› ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื”ืกื›ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉ ืœืกื‘ื, ืืฉืจ ืจืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื’ื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืจื” ืœืื—ืจ ืคื˜ื™ืจืช ืื‘ื™ื•, ื”ื™ื” ื”ืกื›ื ืื™ืฉื™ ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ืฉืœ ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื• ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืจื” ืžื›ื— ื”ื•ืจื™ื• . ืœืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉ ืœืกื‘ื ืจื‘ื ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”, ืฉื™ืœื ื”ืกื‘ื ื“ืžื™ ืžืคืชื— ืžื•ืคื—ืชื™ื. ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื•ืžืื—ืจ ื•ื”ื”ืกื›ื ื—ืชื•ื ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื•, ื•ืืฃ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ื•ื‘ืชืฆื”ื™ืจ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืกื‘ื ื‘ืชื™ืง ืื—ืจ ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื”ื™ื” ืจืง ื”ืกื‘ื ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื™ืจ ืžืงื•ืจื™ ื•ืื™ืœื• ืืฉืชื• ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื™ืจืช ื ื’ื–ืจืช. 7. ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื ื” ื•ืœืคื™ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืกื‘ืชื ื“ื™ื™ืจืช ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืจื”. ื”ื”ืกื›ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืกื‘ื ืฉืœ ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ื”ื™ื” ื”ืกื›ื ืขื ื”ืกื‘ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืœืžืขืฉื” ื’ื ื‘"ื› ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ืื™ื ื” ื—ื•ืœืงืช ืขืœ ื›ืš. ื›ืš ื’ื ืขื•ืœื” ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื’ืฉื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืกื‘ื ื‘ืฉื ืช 1965 ื•ื”ืชืฆื”ื™ืจ ื”ื ืœื•ื•ื” ืืœื™ื”, ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืฉื”ื•ื’ืฉื” ื›ื ื’ื“ื• ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ืขืงื‘ ืฉื™ืง ืฉืœื ื ืคืจืข. ื‘ื‘ืงืฉืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื”ื’ืŸ ื›ืš ื ืจืฉื: "ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉ, ื•ื”ื•ืจื™ื• ืœืคื ื™ื•, ื’ืจื• ื‘ืžื•ืฉื›ืจ ื”ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœ"ื ืืžื ื™ ื”ืงื“ืฉ ื‘ื™ื“ืจืžืŸ". ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืงื™ ื“ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื’ื ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉ ื”ื•ืกื›ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื›ื™ ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉ ื™ืชืŸ ืคืงื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกืš 1750 ืœ"ื™ ืชืžื•ืจืช ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื—ื•ื–ื” ืขืžื•" (ืกืขื™ืฃ 1 ืœ-ืช/2). ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ืงืฉืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื”ื’ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ืื•ืชื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืžืกืžืš ืฉื”ื•ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื•ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืฉืœ ืžืกืžืš ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ืชื™ืง ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉ, ืืฉืจ ื‘ื• ื ื™ืชื ืช ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืกื‘ื ืœื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืจื” ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืคืงื“ืช ืกืš ืฉืœ 1750 ืœ"ื™. ื”ืžืกืžืš ื—ืชื•ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืกื‘ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ (ื ืกืคื— ื“' ืœืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ื ืกืคื—ื™ื ืœืชืฆื”ื™ืจ ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉ ืžื™ื•ื 5.6.13). 8. ืขืœ ืคื™ ืกืขื™ืฃ 9 ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ื“ื™ื™ืจ [ื ื•ืกื— ืžืฉื•ืœื‘] "ื ื›ืก ืคื ื•ื™" ื”ื•ื "ื ื›ืก ืฉื‘ื™ื•ื ื›"ื• ื‘ืื‘ ืชืฉื›"ื— (20 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 1968) (ืœื”ืœืŸ โ€“ ืชืฉื›"ื—) ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื“ื™ื™ืจ ื”ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ื• โ€“ ืœื ื™ื—ื•ืœ ื—ื•ืง ื–ื” ืขืœ ืฉื›ื™ืจืชื• ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื”ื•ืฉื›ืจ ื‘ื“ืžื™ ืžืคืชื— ". ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืžืขืžื“ ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื™ืจ ืžื•ื’ืŸ ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืžื›ื— ื”ื—ื•ืง ื ื“ืจืฉ ืื™ืคื•ื ื”ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืื• ื›ื™ ืฉื™ืœื ื“ืžื™ ืžืคืชื— ืื• ื›ื™ ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืงื•ื‘ืข ื”ื™ื” ื“ื™ื™ืจ ื”ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ื ื›ืก. ืกืขื™ืฃ 1 ืœื—ื•ืง ืžื’ื“ื™ืจ "ื“ื™ื™ืจ" ื›ืžื™ ืฉ"ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื‘ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืช โ€“ ืžื™ ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ื ื›ืก ื‘ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืจืืฉื™ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ื—ื•ื–ื” ืื• ืžื›ื— ื—ื•ืง ื–ื”... ". ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืžื”ืจืื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื’ืฉื• ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืžื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื”ืกื›ื ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืขื ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉ ื”ื•ื ื”ืกื‘ื ื•ืœื ื”ืกื‘ืชื, ื•ื”ื•ื ืืฃ ืžื™ ืฉืฉื™ืœื ืืช ื”ืกืš ืฉืœ 1750 ืœ"ื™, ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืกื‘ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืงื•ื‘ืข ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื™ืจืช ื”ื–ื›ืื™ืช ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ื ื›ืก. ื”ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืœื” ื˜ื•ืขื ืช ื‘"ื› ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ื•ืœืคื™ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจ ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืงื•ื‘ืข ืขื ื”ืกื‘ ื‘ื“ื™ืจื” ืจื›ืฉ ืžืขืžื“ ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื™ืจ ืžืงื•ืจื™ ื‘ื ื›ืก ืื™ื ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืจืฉื ื™ืช ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื—ื•ืง ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ื“ื™ื™ืจ. ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื ื• ืื™ืŸ ื’ื ื›ืœ ืจืื™ื™ื” ืื• ืืฃ ื’ื™ืจืกื ืœืžื•ืขื“ ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ ื”ืกื‘ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ืชื ืื• ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ืกื‘ืชื ื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจื” ื‘ืžื•ืฉื›ืจ ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืงื•ื‘ืข. ื•ืื•ืœื, ืืฃ ืื ื›ืŸ, ื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื™ืจืช ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ืชื—ื•ืœืช ื”ื—ื•ืง. 9. ื‘ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืจืื™ื™ืชื™ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื ื•, ื ืจืื” ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื” ืœื›ื” ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื” ื‘ืคืกืง ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืคื™ (ืจืข"ื 1711/98 ื“ื•ื“ ืฉืคื™ ื•ืื—' ื . ืขื–ื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืฉื•ืฉื ื” ืฉื“ื–'ื•ื ืกืงื™ ื•ืื—' ืค"ื“ ื ื“(1) 394) ืจื›ืฉ ื”ืกื‘ื ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืžืขืžื“ ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื™ืจ ืžื•ื’ืŸ ืžืงื•ืจื™ ื‘ื ื›ืก. ืžืื—ืจ ื•ื”ืกื‘ ื”ื™ื” ื“ื™ื™ืจ ืžื•ื’ืŸ ืžืงื•ืจื™, ืจื›ืฉื” ื”ืกื‘ืชื ืœืื—ืจ ืคื˜ื™ืจืชื• ืžืขืžื“ ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื™ืจืช ืžื•ื’ื ืช ื ื’ื–ืจืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืกืขื™ืฃ 20 ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ื“ื™ื™ืจ [ื ื•ืกื— ืžืฉื•ืœื‘] . ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืœื ื ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื ื• ืชื ืื™ ืกืขื™ืฃ 27 ืœื—ื•ืง, ื•ืœื ื”ื•ืขืœืชื” ื’ื ื˜ืขื ื” ื›ื™ ื ืชืงื™ื™ืžื•, ืœื ืจื›ืฉื” ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ืžืขืžื“ ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื™ืจืช ืžื•ื’ื ืช ืขื ืคื˜ื™ืจืช ืกื‘ืชื”. ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืžืกืงื ื” ืืœื™ื” ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืืœืช ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื•ืจืืช ืกืขื™ืฃ 20(ื‘) ืœื—ื•ืง ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื”ืžืขืžื“ ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื™ืจ ื ื’ื–ืจ. 10. ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื‘"ื› ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื”ื”ืกื›ื ืžืชืจืฆ"ื’ ืœื ื—ืชื•ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืกื‘ื ืจื‘ื ื•ื”ืื•ืชื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ื‘ืกืคืง, ื•ืื•ืœื ืืฃ ืื ื ื—ืชื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื•, ืื–ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช ืชืฉื™"ื‘ (1952) ื ื—ืชื ื”ืกื›ื ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืกื‘ื ืจื‘ื ื”ืžื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ืงื•ื“ืžื• ื•ืžื›ื•ื—ื• ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื™ื•ืจืฉื™ ื”ืกื‘ื ืจื‘ื ื–ื›ื•ืช ื›ืกืคื™ืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉ, ืืš ืœื ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ื ื›ืก. ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ื•ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ื‘"ื› ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื›ื™ ื’ื ืœืคื™ ื”ื”ืกื›ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื™ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืจืง ื”ืกื›ื•ื ื”ื ื•ืžื™ื ืืœื™. ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ื—ื•ื‘ ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื ื•ืชืจ ื”ื•ื—ื–ืจ ืœืกื‘ื. ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื‘"ื› ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื ืจื‘ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืžืœืžื“ืช ื›ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืจื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื“ื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื ืช. ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื‘"ื› ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ืžืื—ืจ ื•ื”ื”ืกื›ื ืžืชืจืฆ"ื’ ืฆื•ืจืฃ ืœืชืฆื”ื™ืจ ื”ืžืฆื”ื™ืจ ืžื˜ืขื ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉ, ืื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืื•ืชื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื•. ืขื•ื“ ื˜ื•ืขื ืช ื‘"ื› ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ื›ื™ ืœื ื”ื•ื›ื— ืฉื”ื—ื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื—ื–ืจ. ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื›ื— ืœื˜ืขื ืชื” ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื ื•ื”ื’ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืฆืืฆืื™ ืื•ืชืŸ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื ื• ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืœืฉืœื ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ืขื ื”ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื”ืงื“ืฉ. ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื‘"ื› ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื”ืกื›ื ืžืชืจืฆ"ื’ ืฉื”ื•ื›ื— ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ ืœื›ื‘ื“ื•, ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืจื” ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื ืชืŸ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉ ื”ืชืจืื” ืฉืœ ืฉื ื” ื•ื”ืฆื™ืข ืชืฉืœื•ื. ืœื˜ืขื ืชื” ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ื”ื“ื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื’ื ืช, ืื ื ื—ืชื , ื›ื“ื™ ืœืื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ืกื›ื ืžืชืจืฆ"ื’. 11. ื”ื”ืกื›ื ืžืชืจืฆ"ื’ ืขื ื”ืกื‘ื ืจื‘ื ืฆื•ืจืฃ ืœืชืฆื”ื™ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื”ื™ืจ ืžื˜ืขื ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื, ืžืจ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืกืงื•ืœืกืงื™ ื›ื”ืกื›ื ืฉื ื—ืชื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืืžื ื™ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืกื‘ื ืจื‘ื ืฉืœ ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช (ืกืขื™ืฃ 5 ืœืชืฆื”ื™ืจ ื”ืขื“ ืขืœ ื ืกืคื—ื•). ื‘ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืœื• ืื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืงื‘ื™ืœื•ืชื•. ืžื”ืŸ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืจื›ืฉ ื”ืกื‘ื ืจื‘ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ืื•ืชื• ื”ืกื›ื? ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื”ืกื›ื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื”ืกื‘ื ืจื‘ื ืืช ื’ื’ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื ืœืฉื ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื• ื•ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืจื” ื”ื ื‘ื ื™ืช. ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ื ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ืœืื—ืจ 10 ืฉื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืœืกื‘ื ืจื‘ื ืืช ื”ืกื›ื•ื ืฉื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืœื ื™ืขืฉื” ื›ืŸ ืจืฉืื™ ื”ืกื‘ื ืจื‘ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืจื” ืื• ืœื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื” ืขื“ ืœืกื™ืœื•ืง ื”ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื. ืขื•ื“ ื ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื‘ืงืฉ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืœืื—ืจ ืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื, ืื–ื™ ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืœืกื‘ื ืจื‘ื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื ื” ืื—ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื”. 12. ื”ืื ื”ื•ื—ืœืฃ ื”ืกื›ื ื–ื” ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ? ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื‘"ื› ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื ื—ืชื ื‘ืฉื ืช ืชืฉื™"ื‘ (1952) ื”ืกื›ื ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืกื‘ื ืจื‘ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืืžื ื™ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉ ืืฉืจ ื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ื”ืกื›ื ืฉืงื“ื ืœื• (ื ืกืคื— ื’' ืœืชืฆื”ื™ืจ ืกืงื•ืœืกืงื™ ืžื˜ืขื ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉ). ื‘ืžืกืžืš ื–ื” ื ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ื”ืกื‘ื ืจื‘ื ื™ื”ื ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืจื” ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื”ื—ืงื™ืงื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ื“ื™ื™ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืงืฃ. ื‘ืžืกืžืš ื–ื” ื’ื ื ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ืขื ื”ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ื™ื•ื—ื–ืจ ืกืš ืฉืœ 360 ืœ"ื™ ืœืกื‘ื ืจื‘ื. ืขื•ื“ ื ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื›ื™ืจ ืื• ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ื” ื‘ืœื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื ืืžื ื™ื. 13. ื‘"ื› ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืื•ืชื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืกืžืš ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืœื’ ืจืกืช ืžืจ ืื”ืจืŸ ืื™ื™ื–ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ื“ื•ื“ื ืชื‘ืขืช, ืืฉืจ ื˜ื™ืคืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื“ื™ืจื” ืžื˜ืขื ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” , ื”ืกื›ื ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืชื™ืง ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืจื™ื• ื•ืืฃ ืœื ืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื•"ื— ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉ ืœืจืฉื ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ื—ืชื ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉ ื‘ืฉื ืช ืชืฉื™"ื‘. ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื‘"ื› ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื”ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ืชื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืกืชืžื™ื•ืช, ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืชื™ืง ื”ื”ืง ื“ืฉ ื•ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกืขื™ืฃ 43 ืœืคืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืจืื™ื•ืช. 14. ืื™ื ื ื™ ืกื‘ื•ืจื” ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœืคืงืคืง ื‘ืื•ืชื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืกืžืš, ื•ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืœื ื“ื™ ื‘ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื‘ืื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืžืกืงื ื” ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืกืžืš ืžื–ื•ื™ื™ืฃ. ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืื™ืœื• ืื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืกืžืš ืžื–ื•ื™ื™ืฃ, ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื ืขืจื›ืช ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื”ืชืืžื” ื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืกืžืš ืžืชืจืฆ"ื’ ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื . ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ื”ืกื›ื ืžืฉื ืช ืชืจืฆ"ื’ ื ื•ืงื‘ ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืœ 223 ืœื"ื™ ืžืืชื™ื ื•ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžื™ืœ, ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื™ื”ื ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื, ื ื•ืงื‘ ื”ื”ืกื›ื ืžืฉื ืช ืชืฉ"ื™ื‘ ื‘ืกืš ืฉืœ 360 ืœ"ื™. ืœืื™ ืื–ื›ื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืกื›ื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื“ื•"ื— ืฉื”ื•ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉ ืื•ืชื” ืฉื ื” ื™ืชื›ื ื• ืžืกืค ืจ ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื ื˜ืขืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘"ื› ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื โ€“ ืกื›ืกื•ืš ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืงื™ื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืขืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืกื‘ื ืจื‘ื ืœื”ืงื“ืฉ ื›ืขื•ืœื” ืžืคืกืง ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื ืช ืชืฉื™"ื“ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœื›ืœ ืžืงื”ืœื•ืช ื”ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื ื•ืฉื”ื•ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉ, ืื• ืื•ืœื™ ืื•ื–ื›ืจ ื”ื”ืกื›ื ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ืื• ื‘ืžืกืžืš ืื—ืจ. 15. ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื”ืกื›ื ื ื•ืกืฃ ื ื—ืชื ื‘ืฉื ืช ืชืฉื›"ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช. ื›ืš ืขื•ืœื” ืžื”ืชืฆื”ื™ืจ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืกื‘ ื‘ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืœื‘ืงืฉืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื”ื’ืŸ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืฉื”ื•ื’ืฉื” ื›ื ื’ื“ื• ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืง ืฉื—ื•ืœืœ. ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ 2 ืœืชืฆื”ื™ืจ ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืกื‘ื ื›ื™ "ื”ื•ืจื™ ื•ืื—ืจื™ื”ื ืื ื™ ื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจื ื• ื‘ืžื•ืฉื›ืจ ื”ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœ"ื ืืžื ื™ ื”ืงื“ืฉ ื‘ื™ื“ืจืžืŸ" ื•ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืงื™ ื“ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ ืœื‘ื™ื ื ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืกื›ืžืชื™ ืœืฉืœื ื›ืคืงื“ื•ืŸ ืกืš โ€“ 1750 ืœ"ื™ ืชืžื•ืจืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ื•ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื—ื•ื–ื” ืžืชืื™ื " (ืกืขื™ืฃ 2). ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉ ื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื’ื ืžืกืžืš ืžืฉื ืช ืชืฉื›"ื“ ืืฉืจ ื‘ื• ื ื™ืชื ืช ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืกื‘ื ืœื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืจื” ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืคืงื“ืช ืกืš ืฉืœ 1750 ืœ"ื™ (ื ืกืคื— ื“' ืœืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ื ืกืคื—ื™ื ืœืชืฆื”ื™ืจ ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉ ืžื™ื•ื 5.6.13). 16. "ื”ื ืคืฉื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช" ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ื•ื—ืŸ ืœื”ืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ืฉื ืขืจื›ื•, ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื ืžืฆื. ืžื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืื™ืคื•ื ืœื”ืกื™ืง ืžื”ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ืขืฆืžื? ืžื”ื”ืกื›ื ืžืฉื ืช ืชืฉื™"ื‘ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืกื‘ื ืจื‘ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื–ื›ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœื”ืขื‘ืจื” ืืœื ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžืช ื ืืžื ื™ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉ. ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื’ืฉื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืกื‘ื ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืœืื—ืจ ืคื˜ื™ืจืช ื”ืกื‘ื ืจื‘ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื•, ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืฉื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื” ื”ื•ืกื›ื ื›ื™ ื™ืฉืœื ืกืš ืฉืœ 1750 ืœ"ื™ ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืกื›ื ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช. ืกื›ื•ื ื–ื”, ืื™ืŸ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื, ื”ื™ื•ื•ื” ืชืฉืœื•ื ืฉืœ ื“ืžื™ ืžืคืชื— ื’ื ืื ืžื•ืคื—ืชื™ื ืžืฆื“ ื”ืกื‘. ืžื”ืกื›ืžื” ื–ื• ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื’ื ื”ืกื‘ ื‘ืฉืขืชื• ืœื ืจืื” ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ืฉื ื—ืชืžื• ืขื ื”ืกื‘ื ืจื‘ื ื›ืžืงื ื™ื ืœื• ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื“ื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื ืช. ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืžืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืœื”ืกื›ืžื” ืขื ื”ืกื‘ ื›ื™ ื™ื”ื ื“ื™ื™ืจ ืžื•ื’ืŸ ื‘ื ื›ืก ื›ื ื’ื“ ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ืกืš ืฉืœ 1750 ืœ"ื™, ื™ืฉ ืœืืžืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืกื›ืžื” ื–ื• ื”ื—ืœื™ืคื” ื›ืœ ื”ืกื›ืžื” ืงื•ื“ืžืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื•ืฉื›ืจ ืฉื ืชื’ื‘ืฉื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืกื‘ื ืจื‘ื. ื’ื ื“ืžื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืฉื•ืœืžื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืกื‘, ืžื”ื ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ืŸ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉ ื•ื”ืŸ ื”ืกื‘ ืจืื• ื‘ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ื™ืจ ืžื•ื’ืŸ, ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ืžืกืงื ื” ื–ื•. ืืžื ื ื‘"ื› ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ื‘ื™ืงืฉื” ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ "ื“ืžื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช" ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ืœืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืืœื• ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืžืกืงื ื” ืื—ืจืช ื•ืื•ืœื ื ื“ืžื” ืœื™ ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืžืžืฉ ื‘ื˜ืขื ื” ื–ื•, ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืืฃ ืžืžื›ืชื‘ ืฉืฉืœื—ื” ื”ืกื‘ืชื ื‘ืฉื ืช ืชืฉืก"ื” (ื ืกืคื— ื˜ื– ืœืืกื•ืคืช ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื) ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื›ื™ื ืชื” ืืช ื”ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื " ื“ืžื™ ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช". 17. ืžื˜ืขื ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ื”ืขื™ื“ ืžืจ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืžื™ื ืฆื‘ืจื’ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืชืฉืž"ื—- ืชืฉื "ื“. ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชืฆื”ื™ืจื• "ืœืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื™ื“ื™ืขืชื™ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ื ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืขื‘ ืจื• ืœืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื”ื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉื” " (ืกืขื™ืฃ 5 ืœืชืฆื”ื™ืจ). ืขื•ื“ ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืชืฆื”ื™ืจ ื›ื™ "ื”ื—ื•ื–ื” ืฉื—ืชืžื• ื”ื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื ื ืงืจื ื’ื "ืฉื˜ืจ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื" ื•ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืฉืžืฉืชื™ ื›ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉ ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ื”ืชื›ื—ืฉ ืœื‘ืขืœื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื”" (ืกืขื™ืฃ 6). ืขื ื–ืืช, ื’ื ืขื“ ื–ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชืฆื”ื™ืจื• ื›ื™ "ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื• ืœืขื™ืกืงืื•ืช ืขื ื”ื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื ื›ืขืกืงืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ืžื™ ืžืคืชื— ื•ื“ื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื ืช, ืืš ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืžื•ืคื—ืชืช" (ืกืขื™ืฃ 2) . ืขื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ "ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉ ืœื ื’ื‘ื” ืฉื›ืจ ื“ื™ืจื” ืžืžืงืจื™ื ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ื™ื, ืžืืœืžื ื•ืช ื•ืžืื ืฉื™ื ืืฉืจ ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืชืžื™ื›ื•ืช ืžื”ื›ื•ืœ, ืฉืื– ืฉื›"ื“ ืงื•ื–ื– ืžื”ืชืžื™ื›ื•ืช" (ืกืขื™ืฃ 3) . ืžืขื“ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืขื“ ื–ื” ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื ืชืŸ ืชืฆื”ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘-4-3 ืžืงืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืคื ื•ื™ ื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉ. ืขื•ื“ ืขืœื” ืžืขื“ื•ืชื• ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื•ืืฉืชื• ืฉืขื‘ื“ื” ืื—ืจื™ื• ื‘ื”ืงื“ืฉ, ืขื–ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉ ืœืื—ืจ ืกื›ืกื•ืš ืขื ื”ื”ื ื”ืœื” ื•ื›ื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื• ื˜ื™ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ื”ื ื”ืœื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉ ื”ืžื‘ืฆืขืช ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• "ื˜ื™ื”ื•ืจ ืืชื ื™" ืฉืœ " ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืฉืชื™ื™ืš ืœื—ื•ื’ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื ื”ืœื”" (ืขืž' 34, ืฉื•ืจื” 11). ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ืขื“ื•ืชื• ื‘ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื‘ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืืฃ ื‘ืขื“ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืขื“ ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืžืกืงื ื” ื•ืœืคื™ื” ื”ื™ื• ืืฃ ืœืกื‘ื ืจื‘ื ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื“ื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื ืช. ื‘ืขื“ื•ืชื• ื—ื–ืจ ื”ืขื“ ืขืœ ื›ืš ื›ื™ ื”ืขืกืงืื•ืช ืขื ื”ื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืขืกืงืื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื“ืžื™ ืžืคืชื— ื•ืœื ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช (ืขืž' 35, ืฉื•ืจื•ืช 13-6). ื›ืฉื ืฉืืœ ื”ืื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื—ื–ื™ืงื• ื‘ืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื˜ืขื ื• ืฉื”ื ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ื›ื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื ืžื•ื’ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ืžื™ ืžืคืชื— , ืœื ืฉืœืœ ื˜ืขื ื” ื–ื• (ืขืž' 37, ืฉื•ืจื•ืช 16- 14). ื›ืฉื ืชื‘ืงืฉ ืœื™ืชืŸ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ื•ืœืคื™ื”ืŸ ืขื‘ืจื• ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉื”, ืขืœื” ืžืขื“ื•ืชื• ื›ื™ ืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ื”ืื ืฉื•ืœืžื• ื‘ืื•ืชื ืžืงืจื™ื ื“ืžื™ ืžืคืชื— (ืขืž' 36, ืฉื•ืจื•ืช 36, ืฉื•ืจื•ืช 24-13). ืืžื ื ืขื“ ื–ื” ื”ืขื™ื“ ื›ื™ ืฉื•ืœืžื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉ ื›ืกืคื™ื ืœืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืขื–ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช, ืืš ื”ื•ื ืœื ืฉืœืœ ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื ืช. ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื›ืœ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืื™ื ื ื™ ืกื‘ื•ืจื” ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื“ื•ืชื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืžื”ืžืกืงื ื” ื“ืœืขื™ืœ. ืงืจื™, ืฉืกื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื” ื ืชื‘ืขืช ื”ื™ื” ื“ื™ื™ืจ ืžื•ื’ืŸ ื‘ื ื›ืก ื•ืชื• ืœื. 18. ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืœืกื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืืœื ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื“ื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื ืช ื‘ื ื›ืก, ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ืคื• ืืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื ื›ืก ืฉืœ ื”ืกื‘ื ืจื‘ื, ื’ื ืœื ืชื‘ืขืช ืขืฆืžื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš. ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืžืขืžื“ ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื™ืจืช ืžื•ื’ื ืช ื‘ื ื›ืก, ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ืžื”ื ื›ืก. 19. ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืขืชืจื• ืœื“ืžื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื›ืก ืžืžื•ืขื“ ืคื˜ื™ืจืช ื”ืกื‘ืชื ื•ืขื“ ืœืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืคื ื•ื™ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ. ื‘ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืœื’ื•ื‘ื” ื“ืžื™ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื‘ืื” ื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืžืื™ ื™ืจื™ื‘ ืกื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื•ืœืคื™ื” ื“ืžื™ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืกืš 3,650 โ‚ช ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืช ื ื’ื“ื™ืช ื•ื‘"ื› ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ื•ื™ืชืจื” ืขืœ ื—ืงื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืžืื™ ืžื˜ืขื ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื. 20. ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื‘"ื› ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ื”ื•ื›ื— ื›ื™ ืืฃ ื“ื™ื™ืจ ืื™ื ื• ืžืฉืœื ืœื”ืงื“ืฉ ืืช ื“ืžื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืช ืฉืžืื™ืช ืืœื ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ 2/3 ืื• ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžื“ืžื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื. ื–ืืช, ืœื ื•ื›ื— ืžื˜ืจืชื• ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉ. ืื›ืŸ ื›ืฉื ื—ืงืจ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”, ื”ืขื™ื“ ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉ ืžืจ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืกืงื•ืœืกืงื™ ื›ื™ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉ ืื™ื ื• ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-2/3 ืžื’ื•ื‘ื” ื“ืžื™ ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืช ืฉืžืื™ ืช ืžื“ื™ื™ืจ ืฉื ื›ื ืก ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืžืกื•ื“ืจ ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื—ืชื ืขืœ ื—ื•ื–ื” ืขื ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉ. ืขื ื–ืืช ื”ืขื™ื“ ื’ื ื›ื™ ืžืื—ืจ ื•ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ืื™ื ื” ืžื•ื›ืจืช ื›ื“ื™ื™ืจืช ืขืœื™ื” ืœืฉืœื ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžืœื (ืจ' ืขืž' 15, ืฉื•ืจื” 14 โ€“ ืขืž' 16, ืฉื•ืจื” 2). 22. ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœื“ืžื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ื”ืชืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื›ื“ื™ืŸ. ื“ื™ื ื™ื ืืœื• ืžืงื ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื“ืขืช ืœืฉืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ืฉ ื‘ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืœืงื™ ืื• ืžืœื "ืื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื–ื›ื™ื” ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ื”ืžื–ื›ื” ืื• ืฉืจืื” ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆื•ื“ืงืช" (ืจ' ืกืขื™ืฃ 2 ืœื—ื•ืง ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืขื•ืฉืจ ื•ืœื ืžืฉืคื˜, ืชืฉืœ"ื˜-1979). ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื ื• ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ื ื—ืชื ื”ืกื›ื ืขื ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช, ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืฉืœืžืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœ-2/3 ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืช ืฉืžืื™ืช. ืื™ืœื• ื ื—ืชื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืกื›ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืจ ืื—ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉ ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœ-2/3 ืขืœ ืคื™ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืช ืฉืžืื™ืช. ื‘ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืœื• ืกื‘ื•ืจื” ืื ื™ ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ื ืœืคืกื™ืงืช ื“ืžื™ ืฉืžื•ืฉ ืžืœืื™ื ืืœื ื™ืฉ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื”ืชืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉ ื›ื–ื• ืื•ืชื” ื ื•ื”ื’ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื•. 23. ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืขืชืจื• ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื ื“ืžื™ ืฉืžื•ืฉ ืขื“ ืœื”ื’ืฉืช ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืœื—ื™ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื“ืžื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืžืžื•ืขื“ ื”ื’ืฉืช ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื•ืขื“ ืœืžื•ืขื“ ืคื ื•ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืจื”. ืžืื—ืจ ื•ื”ื•ื’ืฉื” ื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืช ืฉืžืื™ืช ืขื“ื›ื ื™ืช ืœื™ื•ื 18.3.13 ื•ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื ื” ื›ื™ ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื“ืžื™ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืฉืชื ื” ืžืื–, ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ื”ืŸ ืœืคืกื™ืงืช ื“ืžื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื—ืœ ืžื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืคื˜ื™ืจืช ื”ืกื‘ืชื, ืงืจื™ 3/2008 ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ื’ืฉืช ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื”, ื•ืžืžื•ืขื“ ื”ื’ืฉืช ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื•ืขื“ ืœืžื•ืขื“ ืคื ื•ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ืคืกืง ื“ื™ืŸ ื–ื” (ื”ืฉื•ื•ื” ืข"ื (ื—ื™') 2293/01 ืขืžื™ื“ืจ ื . ืื‘ืจื”ื ืืœื‘ื•). ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ 22 ืœืขื™ืœ ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื“ืžื™ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ืกืš 2/3 ืžื”ืกื›ื•ื ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืžืื™ ื‘ืกืš 3,650 โ‚ช. ืงืจื™, ืกืš ืฉืœ 2433 โ‚ช. 24. ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืกืขื™ืฃ 18 ืœืขื™ืœ ืื ื™ ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืคื ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ืžื”ื ื›ืก. ื‘ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœืชืงื•ืคืช ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ื‘ื“ื™ืจื”, ืชืคื•ื ื” ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ืœื ื™ืื•ื—ืจ ืžื™ื•ื 31.10.14 . ืื ื™ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืืช ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ืœืฉืœื ืœืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื“ืžื™ ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืกืš 2433 โ‚ช ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ื•ื 1/3/2008 ื•ืขื“ ืœืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื›ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืœืขื™ืœ. ืขื•ื“ ืื ื™ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืืช ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ืœืฉืœื ืœืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืื’ืจื” ืฉืฉื•ืœืžื” ื‘ืชื™ืง ื•ื›ืŸ ืฉื›"ื˜ ืขื•"ื“ ื‘ืกืš ืฉืœ 10,000 โ‚ช.
ืฉื—ืงืŸ ื”ืงืจืœื™ื ื’ ื”ืจื•ืกื™ ื™ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ืžื“ืœื™ืช ื”ืืจื“ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื ื›ืฉืœ ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืกืžื™ื. ืฉื—ืงืŸ ื”ืงืจืœื™ื ื’ ื”ืจื•ืกื™ ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ ืงืจื•ืฉืœื ื™ื˜ืกืงื™ ื™ื™ืืœืฅ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ืžื“ืœื™ืช ื”ืืจื“ ื”ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ืช ืฉืœื•, ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื ื›ืฉืœ ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืกืžื™ื ื‘ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ืื“ืช ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื‘ืคื™ื•ื ื’ืฆ'ืื ื’, ื›ืš ืžืกืจื” ื”ืœื™ืœื” (ื—ืžื™ืฉื™) ื“ื•ื‘ืจืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืงืจืœื™ื ื’ ื”ืจื•ืกื™ืช ื‘ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื•ื ื™ืช. ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื“ื ืฉื ืขืจื›ื” ืœืงืจื•ืฉืœื ื™ื˜ืกืงื™ ื ืžืฆืื• ืฉืืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ืืกื•ืจ ืžืœื“ื•ื ื™ื•ื, ืฉืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื”ื“ื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ, ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื–ื›ื” ื‘ืืจื“ ื‘ืžืงืฆื” ื”ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืื™ืฉืชื• ืื ืกื˜ืกื™ื” ื‘ืจื™ื–ื’ืืœื•ื‘ื”. "ื—ืชืžื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ื”ืžืืฉืจืช ื›ื™ ืื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืžืœื“ื•ื ื™ื•ื ื‘ื“ื, ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš ื ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื“ืœื™ื”", ืืžืจื” ื“ื•ื‘ืจืช ื”ื”ืชืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืกื™ืช, ื•ืœื ื˜ื™ื ื” ืคืืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื”, ืœื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื”ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืจื•ืกื™ื”. ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ื”ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ืช ืขืจื‘ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ ื”ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืื ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจืฉืžื™ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืœื—ืช ื”ืจื•ืกื™ืช ืœืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื”ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ื™ื. ืื ืชืชืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืฉืืœื”, ืชืฉืชืชืฃ ื”ืžืฉืœื—ืช ื‘ื˜ืงืก ื”ืกื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื”ื ืขืจื›ื™ื ื›ืขืช ื‘ืงื•ืจื™ืื” ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช. ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืจื•ืกื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ืื“ืช ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื‘ืคื™ื•ื ื’ืฆ'ืื ื’ ื ืืกืจื” ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื ืจื—ื‘ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืืกื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ืื“ื” ื‘ืกื•ืฆ'ื™ ืœืคื ื™ ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื, ืขื ื–ืืช ืื™ืฉืจ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ ื”ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ ืœ-168 ืกืคื•ืจื˜ืื™ื ืจื•ืกื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื›"ืืชืœื˜ื™ื ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ื™ื ืžืจื•ืกื™ื”" ืชื—ืช ื”ื“ื’ืœ ื”ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™. ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ ื”ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื”ืชื›ื ืก ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืื ื”ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ืื™ื ื•ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืจืฉืžื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืกื™ื” ืžืฆื“ื™ืงื” ืืช ื”ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืžืฉืœื—ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจืฉืžื™. ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช, ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืชืืคืฉืจ ืœืจื•ืกื™ื ืœืฆืขื•ื“ ื‘ื˜ืงืก ื”ืกื™ื•ื ืฉื™ื™ืขืจืš ื‘ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืชื—ืช ื“ื’ืœ ืจื•ืกื™ื”. ื”ื•ืคืขืชื ืฉืœ ืงืจื•ืฉืœื ื™ื˜ืกืงื™ ื•ื‘ืจื™ื–ื’ืืœื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ื”ืžื•ืงื“ื ืฉื ืขืจืš ื‘-8 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ, ื™ื•ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืคืชื™ื—ื” ื”ืจืฉืžืช ื‘ืคื™ื•ื ื’ืฆ'ืื ื’, ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื”ื•ืคืขื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ืื™ื ืจื•ืกื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืžืื– ืฉืขืจื•ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืกืžื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ืกื•ืฆ'ื™. ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ื‘ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ืงืจื•ืฉืœื ื™ื˜ืกืงื™ ืคื•ืจืกืžื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืจืฉืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืจื•ืกื™ื”, ื‘ื” ืื™ืฉืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ืืกื•ืจ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื“ื’ื™ืžืช ื”ื“ื ืฉืœื• ืืš ื˜ืขืŸ ื›ื™ ืœื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ. "ืื ื™ ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ืคืจืชื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจืฉืžื™ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื™ื ื ื’ื“ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืกืžื™ื", ื ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื”ื•ื“ืขื”. ืงืจื•ืฉืœื ื™ื˜ืกืงื™ ืืฃ ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื›ื™ ื™ื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ืชื• ืœืขืจืขืจ ืขืœ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” "ื—ืกืจ ืชื•ืขืœืช ื•ืœื ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™" ืขื‘ื•ืจื• ื•ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉืชื•. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืงืจื•ืฉืœื ื™ื˜ืกืงื™ ื‘ื”ื•ื“ืขืชื• ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื "ืกืคื•ืจื˜ืื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ื" ื•ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘ ืœื›ืœ ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉืชืขืœื” ื”ืชืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืงืจืœื™ื ื’ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช, ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ืฉืขื•ืช ืืช ื”ืืชืœื˜ ื”ืจื•ืกื™ ืžื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืจืฉืžื™ื•ืช ืœืฆืžื™ืชื•ืช. ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืจืฉืžื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืกื™ืช ืืžืจื• ื›ื™ ื”ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืžืœื“ื•ื ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื—ื“ืจ ืœืžื–ื•ืŸ ืื• ืœืฉืชื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืงืจื•ืฉืœื ื™ื˜ืกืงื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืจื•ืกื™ื” ืื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ืื™ื ืจื•ืกื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื›ื ืงืžื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืœื ื ื›ืœืœื• ื‘ืกื’ืœ ื”ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™. ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื•ืจืจื•ืช ื‘ืกืคื•ืจื˜, ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ ื”ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™, ืžืกืจ ื›ื™ "ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื" ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื• ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืข ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ืœื”ื™ื•ื, ื‘ื• ืืžื•ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืงืจื•ืฉืœื ื™ื˜ืกืงื™ ืœื”ืชืขืžืช ืขื ืื ืฉื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ ื”ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ ื•ื”ืชืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืงืจืœื™ื ื’ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช. ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืชืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืงืจืœื™ื ื’ ื”ืจื•ืกื™ืช ื•ื”ืžืฉืœื—ืช ื”ืจื•ืกื™ืช ืœืคื™ื•ื ื’ืฆ'ืื ื’.
ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืงื ื•ืช ืœืฉืžืŸ ื”ืžื ื•ืข ื”ืžื•ื’ืžืจ ืืช ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืกื™ื›ืช ืžื ื•ืขื™ื ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื, ืžื•ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืฉืžืŸ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืžื•ืกืคื™ื ื›ื™ืžื™ื™ื, ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืขื“ ื›-30% ืžื ืคื— ื”ืฉืžืŸ ื”ืžื•ื’ืžืจ. ืชืจื›ื™ื– ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœ ื”ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ืฉืžืŸ ืžื›ื•ื ื” โ€œื—ื‘ื™ืœืช ืชื•ืกืคื™ืโ€. ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ื”ื ืกื™ื ืชื˜ื™ื™ื, ืืš ื™ืฉื ื ื’ื ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ื”ืžื•ืคืงื™ื ืžืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื. ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืกืคืงื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืื“ ืฉืœ ืฉืžื ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื™ืฆืจื ื™ ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ื”ื ื ืžืขื˜ื™ื ื‘ืžืกืคืจ. ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœืจื™ ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืกื•ื“ ืžืกื—ืจื™ ื•ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืฉืœ ื™ืฆืจื ื™ ื”ืชื•ืกืคื™ื. ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช, ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ืžื•ื›ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื. ื ื”ื•ื’ ืœืกื•ื•ื’ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืกืคื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœืคื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื”ื ื‘ืฉืžืŸ, ื•ืœื ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžื‘ื ื™ื”ื ื”ื›ื™ืžื™ ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืง. ืคื•ืœื™ืžืจื™ื ื•ืงื•ืคื•ืœื™ืžืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื˜ื”ืืงืจื™ืœืื˜, ื‘ื•ื˜ื“ื™ืืŸ, ืื•ืœืคื™ื ื™ื ื•ืกื˜ื™ืจืื ื™ื. ืขืงื‘ ื›ืš ืฉื–ื”ื•ืชื ื”ื›ื™ืžื™ืช ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉืžืŸ ืื™ื ื” ื ื—ืœืช ื”ื›ืœืœ (ื•ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ืจืง ืœื™ืฆืจืŸ ื”ืžื•ืกืคื™ื), ื ื”ื•ื’ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื‘ื™ืœืช ื”ืžื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ืฉืžืŸ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืจื™ื›ื•ื–ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ื™ื ืœืžื•ืกืคื™ื (ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ื–ืจื—ืŸ, ืื‘ืฅ, ืกื™ื“ืŸ, ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื, ื‘ืจื™ื•ื, ื‘ื•ืจื•ืŸ, ืฆื•ืจืŸ, ื’ื•ืคืจื™ืช, ื›ืœื•ืจ ื•ื—ื ืงืŸ), ื•ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ื‘ืฉืžืŸ, ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช: ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ืช BN (ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ TBN) ื•ื—ื•ืžืฆื™ื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ืช AN (ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ TAN). ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉืžืŸ ืžื ื•ืข ื”ื ื• ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื• ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืœื™ ืฉืœ ืขืจื‘ื•ืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื. ื™ืฆืจืŸ ื”ืฉืžืŸ ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉืžื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ื‘ืฆืžื™ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืืช ื—ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืžืขืจื‘ื‘ ืื•ืชื ืขื“ ืœืื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื•ื›ื ื” ืžืคื•ืฆืœืช ืœืืจื™ื–ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื โ€ืœ ืžื‘ื•ืงืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื›ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืงืคื“ื ื™ื•ืช (ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื’ืœื, ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืžืŸ ืœืื—ืจ ืขืจื‘ื•ืœ ื•ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืกื•ืคื™ ืœืื—ืจ ืคื™ืฆื•ืœ ืœืืจื™ื–ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืฉื”ืฉื ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื ืคืจื“ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืฆื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื•ื‘ืœื™ื’ื” ื•ืฉื™ (LIverpool87) ืœืงื— ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืืช ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืกื™ืงื•ืจ ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืื– ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ื”ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ืื™ื ืฉืœื ืžืชืื™ื ืœื”ื ื•ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืชื• ืืช ื”ืคื•ืจื•ื. ื”ืขื•ื ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืœื” ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš, ืœื›ืŸ ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ืฉื ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืœื”ื ืœื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืืจ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื•ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™. ื˜ื™ื•ืก ื•ื“ื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืกืžื™ืช' ืœื ื™ื˜ื•ืกื• ืขื ืžื›ื‘ื™ ืœืžื•ืกืงื‘ื”. ืื ื™ ืงื•ื ื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืจื’ืข ื–ื” ื”ืคืกื“ ื‘-20 ื”ืคืจืฉ. ื’ื ืื ืžื›ื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืžืœื ื•ืฆืกืงื ืœื, ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘, ื›ื›ื” ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืžืชืงืจื‘. ืžื›ื‘ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช, ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืจื™ื‘ืื•ื ื“ ื–ื•ื•ืขืชื™ืช, ืœื ื”ื›ื™ ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ื•ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ื‘ืžื•ืกืงื‘ื”. ืื ื™ ืงื•ื ื” 20 ื”ืคืจืฉ. ืžื—ืฆื™ืช, 7 ืœืจื•ืกื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืกื•ืคืจ ืคืจืื™ื™ืจื™ื. ืฆืกืง"ื ืœื ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื” ื•ืœื ื‘ืžืื•ืžื” ืืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ืžืื™ื™ืžืช, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจื™ื‘ืื•ื ื“ ืื• ื”ืื™ ืจื™ื‘ืื•ื ื“ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื•ืจื’ ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ืžื˜ื•ืจืคื•ืช ื•ื’ื ื›ืžื” ื–ืจื™ืงื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืชืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœืฉืœื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืคื ื™ืžื” ื“ื™ ื”ืจืกื• ืœื ื•. ืขื•ื“ ื“ื‘ืจ: ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืืงืกื™ื ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืจืง ื ื’ื“ ืžื›ื‘ื™? ืฉืจืง ื”ืืงืกื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืžื•ืœื ื•? ื›ื™ ืคืืจื’ื• ืขื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžื–ืขื–ืขืช. ื ืงื•ื•ื” ืœื—ืฆื™ ืฉื ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืคืกื™ืžื™. ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™, ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืกื™ื” ืœื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืœื•ื— ืฉืœื ื• ืื– ืื ื™ ืœื ืœื—ื•ืฅ, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืจืื•ืช ืื™ืš ืคื•ืชืจื™ื ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื™ื‘ืื•ื ื“ ื”ืงืฉื•ืช. ืœื›ืžื” ื–ืจื™ืงื•ืช ืคื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื•ื—ื™ื•ืŸ ื–ืงื•ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืื—ืช? ื”ื•ื ื ืจืื” ืžืขื•ืคืฃ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื”ืขื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื’ืจืฉ. ื ื’ืžืจ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื™ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”, ืžื•ืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืคื—ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืฆืกืง"ื. ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืฉื’ื ื”ืขื•ื ื” ืชื’ืžืจ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจื™ื‘ืื•ื ื“ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืกื™ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ืค 16 ื•ืœื ืžืขื‘ืจ. ื–ื” ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื–ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงื‘ื•ืฆื” (ื•ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืื™ื–ื•) ืœื•ืงื—ืช ื›ืคื•ืœ ืจื™ื‘ืื•ื ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืจื™ื‘ืชื”. ื–ื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื™ ืžื” ืฉื’ืžืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ืืช ื”ืžื—ืง ื›ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืฉื”ืจื•ืกื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื›ืืœื• ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืžืงื‘ืœื™ื 2-3 ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชืงืคื”, ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื™ื™ื›ื ืก. ืœื ืžืกื›ื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื“ื•ื•ื™ืŸ, ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื•ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื’ื ืืช ืกื™ืœ ืื ืฆืจื™ืš 3. ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื ื•, ื–ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ื. ืžืืจื™ืฅ' ืœื ืœืจืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื•, ืจื ื“ืœ ื ื”ื“ืจ ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”, ืกื•ืคื• ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ื‘ื“ืงื•ืช ื•ื’ื ืœื ืžืชืงืจื‘ ืœื›ื•ืฉืจื• ื”ื˜ื•ื‘, ื˜ื™ื•ืก ืขื•ืฉื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉื—ืง ื•ื’'ืง ื›ื”ืŸ...ื ื•, ื’'ืง ื›ื”ืŸ. ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื–ื” ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ื ื’ืžืจ ืื—"ื› ื‘-20 ื”ืคืจืฉ ืจื™ื‘ืื•ื ื“ ืœืจื•ืกื™ื ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืคืกื“ ื‘ืจื™ื‘ืื•ื ื“ ืœื—ื•ืœื•ืŸ ื•ืœื ืก ืฆื™ื•ื ื”. ืื– ื‘ื•ื ื ืกื’ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืืช ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื (ืฉืœื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžืฉื—ืง ืคื ื™ื, ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืฉื—ืงื ื™ ื”ืงื• ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ + ืจื ื“ืœ) ื•ืื—"ื› ื ืชืคื ื” ืœืขืžื“ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช. ืจืื™ืชื™ ืจืง ืžืกืคืจ ื“ืงื•ืช ื‘ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืฉื ื™ (ื–ืžื ื™ ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ื‘ืจื•ืกื™ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืœื ื ื•ื—ื™ื ืœื™) ื•ืื– ื”ืจื•ืกื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืคื™ืจืงื• ืื•ืชื ื•. ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืžืฉื—ืง ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ื”ื–ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืœืœื™. ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื”ืคืกื“ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื›ื•ืœื ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืงืฉื” ื‘ืจื™ื‘ืื•ื ื“, ืืช ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืจืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื–'. ืื– ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ื•ื ื‘ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืœืจืืฉื™ ืžื›ื‘ื™ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืฆื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืกื•ืคื• ืื• ื”ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ื•ืก, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืืช ืžืืจื™ืฅ' ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืืจื˜. ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืงืŸ ื•ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœืคืื ื™ืงื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืฉื—ืงืŸ ืคื ื™ื. ืžื™ืœื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื˜ื™ื•ืก. ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ืœืš ืœื‘ืงืจ ื‘ืืจื™ื ื”. ืžืฆื“ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืœืื•ืจ ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ืžืชืื–ืจื— ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืชื ื’ืฉ ื—ื–ื™ืชื™ืช ืขื ืจืืฉื™ ืžื›ื‘ื™. ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืงืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืœืš ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืืงื˜ ืฉื ื•ืขื“ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืฆืขื“ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ืžื›ื‘ื™. ื”ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืœื ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืจื•ืก ืืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื ืื– ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉืื•ืจื™ ืืœื•ืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื™ื—ืชื™ื ืื•ืชื•. ื‘ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช, ืœื“ืขืชื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืกื‘ื•ืŸ ืจืฆื™ื ื™ ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืขื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื™ืชื” ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช. ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื›ืจื’ืข ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืงืœืขื™ื ื‘ืžื›ื‘ื™, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ืžืฆื‘ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ืกืชื‘ืš ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืื“ ืœื ืจืฆื•ื™ื”. ื•ืžื™ืœื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืชื™ืื•ื“ื•ืกื™ืฅ...ืื ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ื›ื›ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ืฆืกืง"ื ืœื’ื“ื•ืœื”. ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื—ื–ืจ ืžืžื•ื ื“ื™ืืœ ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจืกืœ ื‘ื›ื•ืฉืจ ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืื—ื“ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืคื™ืจื•ืง ืžื›ื‘ื™. ืฉื—ืงืŸ ื ื”ื“ืจ! ืจืง ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ื˜ื™ื•ืก ืฉื—ืงืŸ ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ื‘ืงื™ืฅ ืœื? ืงืฉื” ืœื™ ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ืœืœื›ืช ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื›ื™ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื™ ืฉืžืžื•ืกืงื‘ื” ืขื“ ืžื“ืจื™ื“/ื‘ืจืฆืœื•ื ื” ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื”ื—ืชื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืชืื–ืจื—. ืžื›ื‘ื™ ื”ืฆื™ืขื• ืœื• ืœืฉื“ืจื’ ืœื• ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื–ื” ืœ-3 ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืขื•ื ื” ืฉื”ื™ืชื”, ื”ื•ื ื˜ืขืŸ ืฉื”ืกื›ื•ื ืœื ืžืกืคืง ืื•ืชื• ื•ื”ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื”ืฉื ื” ืขื ื”-375K ื“ื•ืœืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื—ืงืŸ ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื ื”. ื—ื‘ืœ ืจืง ืฉื”ื—ืžื•ืจ ืœื•ืงื— ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ืื ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ืฉื—ืง ื˜ื•ื‘, ืืฃ ืื—ืช ืœื ืชื™ืจืง ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื•. ืžื›ื‘ื™ ืฉื™ื—ืงื” ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืื—ืช ืกื‘ื™ืจื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจื‘ืข ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื–ื•ื•ืขื”. ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื˜ื™ืคื” ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืžืฉืžืขืช ื”ื˜ืงื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”, ื’ื•ื“ืก ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืคื™ื ื™, ื–ื” ืœื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ ื‘ืœืื˜ ืขื ื”ืคื“ืื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื•, ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ื–ื” ื”ืฆื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ืกื•ืคื• ื‘ืจื‘ืข ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ื•ืื™ ื”ื•ืจื“ืชื• ืœืกืคืกืœ ืจืง ืื—ืจื™ 25 ื”ืคืจืฉ. ื‘ืœืื˜ ื”ื™ื” ืคื•ืชื— ืขื ืžืืจื™ืฅ, ืฉื”ื™ื” ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื• ืขื ืจื ื“ืœ ื›-5 ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืกืงื•ืจ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืจื•ืกื™ื. ืฉืžืฉื•ื ืžื” ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื›ืœื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืจื™ืงื•ืช ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื‘ื™ืš. ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ื™ืกืชื“ืจ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš, ืื‘ืœ ื—ื‘ืœ ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื–ื” ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืคืืจื’ื•. ืžื” ืฉื›ืŸ, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืงื•ืžื‘ื• ื’ืืจื“ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื™ื ื”ืืจื˜, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื“ื™ ืžืืกื™ื‘ื™, ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื™ืจ ืžืžืืจื™ืฅ. ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ื–ื•ื•ืขื”.
ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืขืกืงื™ืช, ื›ืฉืžื” ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื: ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืžื”ืœืš ืขืกืงื™ ืฉื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืœื™ื ืฉื™ื•ื•ืงื™ื ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™ื™ื ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื. ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืขืกืงื™ืช ื ืœืžื“ืช ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ืœื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ืœืžื ื”ืœ ืขืกืงื™ื ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืชื•ืืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืชื•ืืจ ืฉื ื™, ืคืจื• - ืกืžื™ื ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืกืžื™ื ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื ื›ืชื‘ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื”. ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืขืกืงื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ื›ืœื™ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื•ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื”ืชื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื’ืฉืžืช ื™ืขื“ื™ื• ื•ืžื˜ืจื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืžืฉื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื. ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ื”ืขืกืงื™ืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืœืžืขืฉื” ืืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœื”ื’ืฉืžืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื”. ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ ื ืงื‘ืข ืžืจืืฉ ืœืชืงื•ืคืช ื–ืžืŸ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช, ื‘ืฉืื™ืคื” ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช ื‘ืžืœื•ืื” ืขื“ ืชืืจื™ืš ื”ื™ืขื“. ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืขืกืงื™ืช ื™ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืื• ืขืกืง ืฉื”ืชื•ื•ื” ืœืขืฆืžื• ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช, ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื™ื•ืฆื’ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื”. ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืชื™ื ืชืŸ ืกืงื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื•ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื• ื”ืขืกืงื™ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ืœืจื•ื‘ ื™ื‘ื•ืฆืข ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืขืกืงื™ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืขืžื• SWOT, PEST ื•ื›ื“'. ื‘ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืกืง ื•ืชื™ืง, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ื•ืช ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ืืจื’ื•ืŸ, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืŸ ืžื•ืžืฉื• ื•ื”ืื ื”ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ื’ื• ืืช ื”ื™ืขื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ืœื–ื• ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”. ืฉื ื™ืช, ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžืžื ื” ื”ื—ืœื” ืœืฆืžื•ื— ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช. ืœื›ืœ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืขืกืงื™ืช ื™ืฉ ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื ืฉื˜ืžื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืื™ื“ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืชื•ื•ื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืฉืœื”. ื™ืฉ ืœืคืจื˜ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื™ ื”ื™ื• ื”ื™ื–ืžื™ื ืœืชื›ื ื™ืช, ืžื” ื”ื ื™ืข ืื•ืชื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืคื™ืชื—ื• ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ. ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืกืงื™, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืžื” ืฉื•ืืฃ ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื• ืœืงื“ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช. ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื”ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืžื ื”ืœื™ ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ื•ืžืชืขืœื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืฆืœื—ืช ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื”. ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืชืชื•ืืจ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื•ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ / ื”ืขืกืง ืขืœื™ื” ื ืจืงืžืช ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื”. ืจืฉื™ืžืช ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื™ื ืชื›ืœื•ืœ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื ืขืœ ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืชื•ืš ืคืจืกื•ืžื™ื ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื, ื•ืืฃ ืจืื™ื•ื ื•ืช. ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื• ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื ืœืžื“ ืœืจื•ื‘ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืงื•ืจืก ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืขืกืงื™ื ืื• ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ืœื›ืœื›ืœื”. ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื• ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืฅ ื•ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช. ื–ื”ื• ืชื—ื•ื ื ืจื—ื‘ ื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœื™ื•, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ, ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืื• ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื™ื—ื‘"ืœ. ื”ื—ืœ ืžืžื—ืงืจ ืขืœ ืžืฉื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืœืœ ืขื•ืœืžื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื•ื›ืœื” ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืื ื•. ืขืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืžื•ืงื“ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช, ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ืช ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืชื ืชื— ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื–ื• ืขืœ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื, ื”ืžืฉืง ื•ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืจื—ื•ืงื•ืช. ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื™ื™ื‘ื—ื ื• ื™ื—ืกื™ ื”ื’ื•ืžืœื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื—ืช ืœืจืขื•ืชื” ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืฉื’ืฉื•ื’ ื•ืจื•ื•ื—ื”. ืœื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื—ืช ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื•ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™ืช, ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืคืš ื”ื’ืžื•ืจ - ืžืฉืžืข ื ื–ืง ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื• /ืื• ื—ื•ืกืจ ืชื•ืขืœืช ื’ืžื•ืจ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขืฆืžื”, ืœืฉื›ื ื•ืชื™ื” ืื• ืœืฉืืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื”ื•ื ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ื•ืืฃ ืจืฆื•ื™ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืคืจืง ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ื›ืš. ืœื“ื•ื’', ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืžื—ืงืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืฉืคืขืชื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื›ืจืขืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืง ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ืช. ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืžื” ื”ื™ื• ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืขืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืขืžื“ื” ืฉืœ ืืจื”"ื‘ ื”ืฉืคื™ืข ื•ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขื“ ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™ืช. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืžื—ืงืจ, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื—ืช ื›ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืืช ืืจื”"ื‘ ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืคืงื“ ืื•ืชื” ืœื ืžื›ื‘ืจ. ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ืžืฉืคื™ืข ื”ื™ื•ื ืขืœ ืืจื”"ื‘ ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžืžืฆืื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื™ื•ืฆื’ื• ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื“ื•ืžื” ื•ื”ืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืืจื”"ื‘ ืขืฆืžื” ื•ืขืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืขืจ ื”ื“ื•ืœืจ ื•ื”ืฉืคืขืชื• ืขืœ ื”ืžืกื—ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™. ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืฉืขืจ ื”ืคืš ืœื“ื•ืžื™ื ื ื˜ื™ ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื ื—ืœืฉ ืžืขื˜ ืœืคื ื™ ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื ืคืจื•ืฅ ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ. ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื™ื•ืฆื’ื• ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื ื•ื”ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื•ืื ื ื™ืชืŸ, ื’ื ืฆืคื™ ืœืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘.
ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ืื ืกื™ (Annecy) ื—ื•ืฆื” ื–ืจื ื”ืžืชื”ื“ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืืจ "ื”ื ื”ืจ ื”ืงืฆืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฆืจืคืช" โ€“ 3.5 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉืœ ืชืขืœื•ืช ืžื™ื, ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ื ื• ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ืืช ื‘ืชื™ื”ื. ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ืขืชื™ืงื”, ื”ื ื•ืฉืงืช ืœืฉืคืช ืื’ื ืื ืกื™, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื™ืจื’ืข ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช ืžื”ืฉืœื•ื•ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืคื•ื’ืฉื™ื ืืช ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืฆื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืฆื‘ืขื™ ืคืกื˜ืœ ืขืœื™ื–ื™ื. ื”ืขื™ืจ ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืชื™ืช ื•ื ื•ื—ื” ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื”ืžื•ื ื™ืช, ื—ื™ื ื ื™ืช ื•ื ื’ื™ืฉื”. ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื ืœืคืกืคืก ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื•ืกืœืคื™ ืžืชื‘ืงืฉ ื‘"ื’ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื" (Pont des Amours), ื‘ืžืฆื•ื“ื” ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ืœื ื”ืขืชื™ืง ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืชืขืœื” Palais de l'Isle, ื•ื›ืŸ ืืช ืฉื•ืง ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื”ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืื—ื“ ืžืฉื•ื•ืงื™ ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฆืจืคืช. ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ืืงืจืื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกืžื˜ืื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืขืชื™ืงื” ืชื—ื–ื• ื‘ืžืจืื•ืช ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ื™ื, ืžืฉื•ืคืขื™ ืื“ื ื™ื•ืช ืคืจื—ื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช. ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ื’ื ืืช ืื•ื•ื™ืจืช ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืกื™ืจืช ืคื“ืืœื™ื ื•ืœืฆืืช ืœืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืื’ื, ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื• ื‘ืฆืจืคืช. ื’ื ืœืืชืจื™ ื”ืกืงื™ ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืฆืืช ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื ืœื—ื•ืคืฉ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ื•ืœืœื›ืช ืœื‘ืจื™ื›ื”. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืงื™ืฅ, ืขื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืกืงื™ ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžื”ืคืš ืžื“ื”ื™ื โ€“ ื”ืฉืœื’ื™ื ืžืคืฉื™ืจื™ื, ื”ื ื—ืœื™ื ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื™ื ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืžื›ืœ ืขื‘ืจ ื ืฉืงืคื™ื ื ื•ืคื™ื ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื ื•ื’ื’ื•ืช ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื™ื. ื”ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืืชืจื™ ื”ืกืงื™, ื”ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืžืฉื—ืง ื›ืืŸ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžืจื›ื–ื™, ื•ืืœื” ื”-ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ืื ืชืจืฆื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื•ื”ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืœืื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื•ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื’ื•ื•ื ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”. ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื›ืคืจื™ื ืฉื›ื“ืื™ ืœืฉื”ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื—ื•ืคืฉืช ืงื™ืฅ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืช ื‘ืืœืคื™ื, ืืœื” ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืžื•ืžืœืฆื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื: ื•ืืœืžื•ืจืœ (Valmorel), ืกืจ ืฉื•ื•ืืœื™ื” (Serre Chevalier), ืคื™ื™ืกื™-ื•ื•ืœื ื“ืจื™ (Peisey-Vallandry), ืกืžื•ืื ืก (Samones) ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ (Mourillon). ืกืžื•ืื ืก (ืื• ืกืžื•ืืŸ, Samoรซns) ื”ื™ื ืขื™ื™ืจื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช, ืœื ืืชืจ ืกืงื™ ืฉืžืชืจื•ืงืŸ ื‘ืงื™ืฅ ืืœื ืžืงื•ื ืขื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืื•ืคื™. ื–ื• ืขื™ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช, ืขื ื—ื•ื•ืช ื•ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ืจ, ื•ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ื ื’ื™ืขื” ืžื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ืฆืจื™. ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื” ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื ื’ื ืกืคื˜ื™ืžื•ื ื˜ืืŸ (Septimontains) ืขืœ ืฉื 7 ื”ื”ืจื™ื ื”ืžืงื™ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื•ื”ืชืคืชื—ื• ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืจืช ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืชื•ืช ื”ืื‘ืŸ, ืžืœืื›ื” ืื•ืชื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ืชื™ื” ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ื™ืจื”. ืืœ ืชืจืื• ืื•ืชื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืงืฉื•ื—ื™ื, ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืจื›ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืขื“ื ื™ื ื”ืื•ืคื™ื ื™ื™ื ืœืขื™ื™ืจื” - ื˜ืืจื˜ ื”ืื•ื›ืžื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™. ื”ื˜ืืจื˜ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžื‘ืฆืง ืคืจื™ืš ืขื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ืžืื”, ื›ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื”ืžืกื•ืจืช ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช, ืขื ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ืื•ื›ืžื ื™ื•ืช ื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืงื˜ืคื•ืช ื‘ืงื™ืฅ ื‘ื™ืขืจื•ืช ืืฉืจ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”. ื”ืžืขื“ืŸ ื”ื—ืžื•ืฅ-ืžืชื•ืง ื ืงืจื ื˜ืืจื˜-ืกืžื•ืืŸ, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื’ื ืžืชื—ืจื” ื‘ื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ื•ืฉ ืื•ื›ืžื ื™ื•ืช, ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ื›ืžืื›ืœ ืืจื•ื—ืช ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™, ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื™ืฉืžื—ื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ. ืฆื•ืคื” ืืœ ื”ืขื™ื™ืจื” ืกืžื•ืื ืก, ืžืžื•ืงื ืืชืจ ื”ืกืงื™ ื”ืื’ื“ื™ ื”ื ืงืจื ื’ืจื ื“-ืžืืกื™ืฃ. ืœืฆื™ื“ื• ืื’ื ืžืงืกื™ื ื”ื ืงืจื ื”ืื’ื ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœ (Lac Bleu) ื•ื‘ื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื ืœืžื›ื‘ื™ืจ, ื’ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื, ืคื™ื ื•ืช ื—ืžื“ ืœืขืฆื™ืจื” ื•ื”ืชืจืขื ื ื•ืช ื•ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ืœืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื, ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืื• ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื. ืืœ ืชื•ื•ืชืจื• ืขืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืœื™ื ื”ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื (Les Esserts ื•-Bergin) ืœืฆืคื™ื™ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืฉื›ื—ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฃ, ืžื‘ืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉืชืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœื”ืชื ืฉืฃ ืžืžืืžืฅ ืงืœ. ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืขืชื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืฉืืžื‘ืจื™ (Chambรฉry) ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืคืขื ืžืงื•ื ืžื•ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื›ืกื•ืช ืฉื•ืฉืœืช ืกื‘ื•ื™ื” ื”ืžืคื•ืืจืช ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืžืจืช ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ืืช ื”ืžืจืื” ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื. ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืขืชื™ืงื” ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืžืฆื•ื“ื”, ืขื ื—ืฆืจ ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™ืช, ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืกืžื˜ืื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ื˜ื•ื˜, ื•ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื’ื ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืžืฆื•ื“ื” ื”ืกื™ืžืŸ ื”ืžืกื—ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืฉืืžื‘ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื–ืจืงืช ื”ืคื™ืœื™ื ื‘-Place Saint -Leger, ืฉื ืงืจืืช ื’ื "ื”ืืจื‘ืขื” ืœืœื ืขื›ื•ื–ื™ื", ื‘ืคื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื. ืžืชื•ืš ืขืžื•ื“ ืžืขื•ื’ืœ ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืจื’ืœื™ื”ื ื”ืงื“ืžื™ื•ืช, ืคื ื™ื”ื, ืื•ื–ื ื™ื”ื ื•ื—ื“ืงื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืคื™ืœื™ ืขื ืง ืžืจืฉื™ืžื™ื. ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื‘ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืœื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข (Musee d'Histoire Naturelle de Chambery) - ืคื ื™ื ื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ื•ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื‘ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช. ืขื•ื“ ืื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื” ืžืงื•ืจื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ื”ื™ื ื’ืœืจื™ื™ืช ืžื“ืข ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื‘ืฉื Galerie Eurรชka ื”ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืคืœืื™ ื”ืžื“ืข ื•ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืชืขืจื•ื›ื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืชื ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื›ืžื• ืืฉืœื™ื•ืช ื•ื–ืจืžื™ ื—ืฉืžืœ. ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื™ื•ืœื™ ืžืืจื’ื ืช ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ืคืกื˜ื™ื‘ืœ ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ืขื•ืœื, ื”ืžื‘ื™ื ืขื™ืžื• ืชืœื‘ื•ืฉื•ืช, ืจื™ืงื•ื“ื™ื ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื™ื, ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืงื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืคืขื•ืช ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื ื‘ื›ืžื” ื™ื‘ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืช ืื—ืช ื•ื˜ืขืžืชื ืžื™ืงืก ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืจื•ืžื ื™ื”, ืœื˜ื‘ื™ื”, ืื™ื ื“ื•ื ื–ื™ื”, ืžืฆืจื™ื ืงื–ื—ืกื˜ืŸ ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฆืจืคืช. ื”ืขื™ืจ ื–ื›ืชื” ืœืฉืืช ื‘ืชื•ืืจ "ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืืœืคื™ื ื™ืช ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจืช" ืœืฉื ืช 2006 ื•ืžืื– ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ืžืจื›ื– ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื‘ืงืจื™ ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืจ. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’'ื ื‘ื” ืœืื‘ื™ืืŸ, ืขืœ ื’ื“ืช ืื’ื ื’'ื ื‘ื” ืื• ืื’ื ืœืžืืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื ื™ืฆื‘ืช ืœื” ืื™ื‘ื•ืืจ (Yvoire) โ€“ ืขื™ื™ืจื” ืงื˜ื ื”, ืžื•ื’ื ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืžื” ืฉื ืฉืชืžืจื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืจืฉื™ื. ื›ืžื• ื‘ืื’ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ื ืกื™ื›ื™ื ื•ื ืกื™ื›ื•ืช, ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื™ื™ืจื” ื™ืฉื ื” ื’ื™ื ื” ื™ืจื•ืงื”, ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื” ืžื‘ื•ืš ืฉื™ื—ื™ื. ื”ื™ื ื ืงืจืืช ื’ื™ื ืช "ื—ืžืฉืช ื”ื—ื•ืฉื™ื" ื‘ื” ืคื•ืจื—ื™ื ืฆืžื—ื™ ื ื•ื™ ื•ืžืจืคื. ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื” ื”ืฉื•ืคืขืช ื”ื–ื• ืชื’ืจื” ืœื›ื ืืช ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ืจืื™ื” ื‘ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื”ื ื•ืขื–ื™ื, ืืช ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ืžื’ืข ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ืžืจืคืจืคื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ืจื™ื— ื™ืงื‘ืœ ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืจื•ื•ื” ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ืช. ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื˜ืขื•ื ื›ืืŸ ืจื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžืจืงื—ืช ื‘ื™ืชื™ืช, ืžืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ืŸ. ืขืœ ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ืฉืžื™ืขื” ืื—ืจืื™ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืชืืจื—ื•ืช ืœื”ื ืืชืŸ ื‘ื’ืŸ ื•ื”ืŸ ื™ืฉืžื—ื• ืืช ื”ืื•ื–ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช. ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื‘ืขื™ื™ืจื” ื•ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื•ืžื•ืช, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื’ื“ืœื™ ื”ืฉืžื™ืจื” ื•ื”ื˜ื™ืจื”, ืžืฉืœื‘ ื—ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ืื‘ื ื™ื ืžืกื•ืชืชื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ืžืคืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืจื—ื™ ื ื•ื™. ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืœืขืฆืžื• ืืช ื”ื™ื•ืงืจื” ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืœื˜ ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ืขื ืฉืœืœ ืฆืžื—ื™ื ืžื˜ืคืกื™ื ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื ืืฉืจ ืžื›ืกื™ื ืืช ื—ื–ื™ืชื•ืช ื•ืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ื‘ืชื™ื. ืžืชื—ืช ืœื‘ืชื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื’ืœืจื™ื•ืช, ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ืงื™ื ื•ืกื“ื ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืขื ืชื•ืฆืจืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ืช ืœืื–ื•ืจ. ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืขื™ื™ืจื” ื•ืขืœ ื’ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื’ื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืกืขื“ื”, ื‘ืจ ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืงืคื”, ืœื”ืชืจื•ื•ื— ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืคืจ ื”ื“ื™ื™ื’ื™ื ื”ืžื ื•ืžื ื, ื•ืœืงื ื— ื‘ืžื™ื ื”ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืคืกื’ื•ืช ื”ื”ืจื™ื. ื™ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื‘ืขื™ื™ืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจืขื ืŸ ืืช ื”ืจื•ื— ื›ืžื• ืžื™ ืงืจื—ื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื ื ื™ื ื‘ืงื™ืฅ. ืขื™ื™ืจืช ื”ืžืจื—ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืืœืคื™ื ื™ืช ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืœืื—ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื‘ืฉืช. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ ืžื‘ืงืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืืงืก-ืœื”-ื‘ืืŸ (Aix-les-Bains) ื”ื™ื• ืžืขืฉื™ืจื™ ืื™ืจื•ืคื”, ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ ืžืœื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืงืจื” ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื. ืขื ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื ื•ืกืคื• ืœื”ื ื’ื ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื™ืžื™ ืขืœ ื’ื“ื•ืช ืื’ื ื‘ื•ืจื–'ื˜ ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืื™ ืคืกื˜ื™ื‘ืœ ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ื”ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ Musilac. ื›ืš ื ื•ืฆืจ ืคืกื™ืคืก ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ, ื”ืžืฉืชืœื‘ ื‘ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉืช ื”ืงื™ืฅ. ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืืœ ื”ืขื™ื™ืจื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ื•ื—? ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืœ ื”ืžืจื—ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื›ืื‘ื™ื. ื”ืจื•ืžืื™ื ื”ื ืืœื• ืฉืจืชืžื• ืืช ืกื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืžื™-ื”ืžืขื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื›ืš ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืงืœืืกื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืžืคืจื™ื”, ืืฉืจ ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉืจืื” ืœื”ื ืื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ. ื‘ืืงืก-ืœื”-ื‘ืืŸ ื’ื ื”ืงื–ื™ื ื• ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ืขื ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ืžื•ืจื™ื ืืš ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื–ื” ืขื ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”ื‘ ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืื” ื”-20 (ื”-Bellepoque). ื ืกื• ืืช Casino Grand Cercle ืขืœ ื—ื–ื™ืชื• ื”ืจื•ืžื™ืช ื•ืžื–ืจืงื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืžืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืื• ืืช ืื•ืœื ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจืช ืฉื ืงืจื Casino Poker Bowl ื•ืžืชืื™ื ื’ื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ืžืชื‘ื’ืจื™ื. ืฉืืžื•ื ื™ (Chamonix Mont Blanc) ื‘ื ื•ื™ื” ืžืžืฉ ืขืœ ืฆืœืข ื”ื”ืจ ื•ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืคืจืื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ื ื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื•ื‘ืกื™ืก ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื”ืจืจื™ื™ื ืžืืชื’ืจื™ื. ื”ืงืจื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืฆืจืคืช, ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื™ื ื”ืงืจื— Mer de Glace ื ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ืœ ืงืฆืจ ื•-430 ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืขื“ ืœืžืขืจืช ื”ืงืจื—. ื‘ืงืจื—ื•ืŸ ื ื—ืฆื‘ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืงื™ืฅ ืžืขืจื” ื”ืคืชื•ื—ื” ืจืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ ื•ื‘ื” ืคืกืœื™ ืงืจื— ืžืจืฉื™ืžื™ื, ื•ืื•ืกืฃ ืžื”ืงืจื™ืกื˜ืœื™ื ื”ื™ืคื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื›ืก ื”ืžื•ืŸ-ื‘ืœืืŸ. ืขืœ ื”ืงืจื—ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืขืœืช ื’ื ื”ืžืกืขื“ื” ื”ืคื ื•ืจืžื™ืช ืžืืจ ื“ื” ื’ืœืืก. ื‘ืขื™ื™ืจื” ืขืฆืžื” ืคื•ืขืœืช ืžื™ื ื™-ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื•ืฆืืช ื‘ื›ืœ 40 ื“ืงื•ืช, ืฉืชื™ืงื— ืืชื›ื ืœืกื™ื•ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืขื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื™ื•ื ืื• ื”ืขืจื‘. ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื•ืช, ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื•ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืืžื•ื ื™ ื‘ืฉืœืœ ืฉืคื•ืช, ื›ืš ืฉืชื•ื•ื“ืื• ืฉืืชื ืœื ืžืคืกืคืกื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ. ืคืืจืง ื”ืฉืขืฉื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืืžื•ื ื™ (Parc d'attractions de Chamonix) ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื“ ืกื™ื‘ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืœื ืœืคืกืคืก ืืช ื”ืขื™ื™ืจื” ื”ื”ืจืจื™ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื”ืงื™ืฅ. ืžืชืงื ื™ ืžื’ืœืฉื•ืช, ื˜ืจืžืคื•ืœื™ื ื•ืช, ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืžื™ื, ืžืชืงื ื™ื ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจื™ื ืขื ื ื•ืฃ ืขื•ืฆืจ ื ืฉื™ืžื” ื™ื“ืื’ื• ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉืขืžื ื‘ืืฃ ื’ื™ืœ, ื”ื—ืœ ืžืžืชืงื ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ ืฉื ื” ื•ืžืขืœื”. ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื–ื›ืจื ื• ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืœื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื‘ื—ืจ ืžืœื•ื ื•ืช, ืฆื™ืžืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืืจื—ื”. ื”ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืคื•ืคื•ืœืืจื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืงื™ืฅ, ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ื ื•ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืœื™ื ื” ืžืจืืฉ. ืœืžื™ ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืฆืืช ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื‘ืจืืฉ ืฉืงื˜, ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื‘ืžืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ ื”ืงื™ืฅ ืฉืœ Club Med ื‘-Grand Massif Samoรซns Morillon ืฉื‘ืืœืคื™ื ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ื™ื. ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื›ื–ื• ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ ื”ื™ื™ืงื™ื ื’ ืžื•ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ืžื•ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ื’ื™ืœืื™ื ื•ื‘ื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืงื•ืฉื™ ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื™ื™ื”ื ื• ืžืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืชืืžื• ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ื•ื ื™ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืžื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืœืคื™ ื’ื™ืœืื™ื: ื”ืžื™ื ื™ ืงืœืื‘ ื•ื”ื’'ื•ื ื™ื•ืจ ืงืœืื‘ ืœื’ื™ืœืื™ 4 ืขื“ 17, ื•ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ืœืคืขื•ื˜ื•ืช ืžื’ื™ืœ 4 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ืชืฉืœื•ื. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’'ื•ื ื™ื•ืจ ืงืœืื‘, ื™ื‘ืงืจื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ื‘ืคืืจืง ื”ืžื™ื TNA, ื”ืžืžื•ืงื ื›-50 ื“ืงื•ืช ื ืกื™ืขื” ืžื”ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืชื ืกื• ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืงื‘ื•ืจื“ ื•ืกืงื™ ืžื™ื. ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืชืืจื™ื›ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืื” ื ื‘ื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ (12.8 ื•-19.8) ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื ื•ืช ืžื”ืฆืขื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื•ื—ื“ ืคืขืžื™ืช - ืžืœื•ื•ื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ื•ื ื™ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื”ืกืขื” ืžืื•ืจื’ื ืช ืœืขื™ื™ืจื” ืื ืกื™ ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœ ืขืฆืžืื™ ื‘ืขื™ื™ืจื”. ืืœ ื›ืœ ืืœื” ืชื•ืกื™ืคื• ืืช ื”ืคื™ื ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžืกืขื“ื•ืช ื’ื•ืจืžื”, ื‘ืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉื—ื™ื™ื” ื•ืกืคื ืžืคื ืง ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ, ืฉืžืฆื™ืข ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืื™ืจื•ื— ืžืคื ืงื™ื, ืฉืœื ืชืžืฆืื• ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื”ืืจื—ื” ื”ืขืฆืžืื™ื™ื ืื• ื‘ืžืœื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ. ื–ื• ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืœื—ืฅ ืฉืœ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื•ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ื“, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืœื—ื•ื“. ืกืžื•ืืŸ, ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืืžื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื”, ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžืชื” ื‘ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžืื™. ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืกืขื“ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืงืคื” ืกื’ื•ืจื™ื ืขื“ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืžืฆืข ื™ื•ื ื™ ื•ืœื ื˜ื•ืจื—ื™ื ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜. ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืžืœื•ื ื•ืช ืกื’ื•ืจื™ื ื’ื ื›ืŸ, ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื—ืฆื™ ืขื™ื™ืจืช ืจืคืื™ื. ืœื‘ื•ื ืžืืžืฆืข ื™ื•ื ื™ ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืงื™ืฅ, ืื• ื‘ืขื•ื ืช ื”ืกืงื™. ื”ื™ื™ ื–ื™ื•ื”, ื‘ืขื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืฆืžืŸ ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืจืš ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืชื‘ื—ืจื™. ืื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืœืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืœื™ื ื” - ื”ื—ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงืœืื‘ ืžื“ ืžืชื•ืืžื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืขื ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ื•ื ื’ื ื›ื–ื•ื’ ืื• ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”. ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื™ื ื” ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ืžืœื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืืจื—ื” ื‘ืขื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืฆืžืŸ ืื• ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชืŸ.
ื‘ืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช ืœืืชืจ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœ "ื ืชื™ ืžื•ืจ" (ืœื”ืœืŸ: "ื”ืืชืจ"). ืื ื• ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืืชื›ืŸ ืœืงืจื•ื ื‘ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืงืคื™ื“ื” ืืช ืชืงื ื•ืŸ ื”ืืชืจ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืชื‘ืฆืขื• ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ื‘ืืชืจ ืื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ. ื ื‘ืงืฉ ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ืŸ ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื‘ืฆืขืช ืคืขื•ืœื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ื‘ืืชืจ, ืžืืฉืจืช ื‘ื›ืš ื›ื™ ืงืจืื” ืืช ืชืงื ื•ืŸ ื”ืืชืจ, ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ืืช ืชื•ื›ื ื• ื•ืืช ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ื•, ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืกื›ื™ืžื” ืœืชื ืื™ื•, ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ื™ ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื”, ืื• ืœืžื™ ืžื˜ืขืžื”, ื›ืœ ื˜ืขื ื” ืื• ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื ืชื™ ืžื•ืจ, ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืŸ ื”ืืชืจ ื•/ืื• ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื• ื•/ืื• ืชื•ืฆืื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ. ื”ื™ื” ื•ืžืฆืืชืŸ ื›ื™ ืื™ื ื›ืŸ ืžืกื›ื™ืžื•ืช ืœืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืŸ ื”ืืชืจ, ื”ื™ื ื›ืŸ ืžืชื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืืชืจ ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื•/ืื• ืœื‘ืฆืข ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื• ื•/ืื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื•/ืื• ื‘ืคื ื™ื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ืœื—ื ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื™ืœ. 1.2. ื ืชื™ ืžื•ืจ ืฉื•ืžืจืช ืœืขืฆืžื” ืืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืืชืจ, ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช, ืžื›ืœ ืกื™ื‘ื”, ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ืœื ืžืชืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืžืจืืฉ ื•ื‘ืœื™ ื›ืœ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื™ื“ื”. 1.3.1. ื’ื•ืœืฉืช โ€“ ืื“ื ื•/ืื• ื’ื•ืฃ ืืฉืจ ื ื›ื ืกื• ืœืืชืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜. 1.3.2. ืงื•ื ื” โ€“ ื’ื•ืœืฉืช ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืขื” ืคืขื•ืœืช ืงื ื™ื” ืœืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืžื•ืฆืจ ื•/ืื• ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื•/ืื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืคื ื™ื” ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ืช ื•/ืื• ืคื ื™ื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ื‘ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื ืชื™ ืžื•ืจ. 1.3.3. ืงื ื™ื” ื•/ืื• ืจื›ื™ืฉื” โ€“ ืงื ื™ืช ืžื•ืฆืจ, ืฉื™ืจื•ืช, ืกื“ื ื ืื• ืงื•ืจืก ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืชืงื ื•ืŸ ื–ื”. 1.3.4 ืžื•ืฆืจ โ€“ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืื• ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ืœืื™ืคื•ืจ, ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืชืกืจื•ืงื•ืช, ื•ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื’; ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืื™ืคื•ืจ, ืชืกืจื•ืงื•ืช ื•ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื’; ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื•ื”ื“ืจื›ื•ืช, ืกื“ื ืื•ืช ื•ืงื•ืจืกื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ ืื™ืคื•ืจ, ืชืกืจื•ืงื•ืช, ื•ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื’. 1.4. ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื ืงื‘ื” ื•ื–ืืช ืžื˜ืขืžื™ ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ื™ื—ื•ืœ, ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืกืขื™ืคื™ื• ื•ื”ื•ืจืื•ืชื™ื•, ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื“ื โ€“ ื–ื›ืจ ืื• ื ืงื‘ื”, ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืื• ืจื‘ื™ื, ื•/ืื• ื›ืœ ื’ื•ืฃ ื•/ืื• ื™ืฉื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื. 1.5. ื ืชื™ ืžื•ืจ ืฉื•ืžืจืช ืœืขืฆืžื” ืืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืชืงื ื•ื ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืœืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ื•/ืื• ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื ื›ืœืฉื”ื, ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื›ื–ื” ืชื™ื’ื‘ืจื ื” ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื›ืœ ืชืงื ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืชืงื‘ืข ื ืชื™ ืžื•ืจ, ืขืœ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืชืงื ื•ืŸ ื–ื”. 1.6. ื ืชื™ ืžื•ืจ ืชื”ื ื–ื›ืื™ืช ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืชืงื ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืขืช ืœืขืช ืœืคื™ ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื“ืขืชื”. ื”ืชืงื ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืืฉืจ ื™ืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ืืชืจ ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื”. 1.8 ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืชืงื ื•ืŸ ืœื ื™ื—ื•ืœ ืขืœ ืขืกืงื” ืฉื”ื—ืœื”. 2.1.1. ืชื•ืฉื‘ืช ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ืขืœืช ืชืขื•ื“ืช ื–ื”ื•ืช ืชืงืคื”, ื‘ืช 18 ืฉื ื™ื ื•ืžืขืœื”, ื•/ืื• ื’ื•ืฃ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืžืื•ื’ื“ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื™ืŸ. 2.1.2. ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื” ื‘ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ืืฉืจืื™, ืชืงืฃ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉืœ ืื—ืช ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ ื”ืืฉืจืื™ ื”ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืจื›ื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืืชืจ โ€“ ืขืœ-ืคื™ ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื“ืขืช ืฉืœ ื ืชื™ ืžื•ืจ. 3.2. ื›ืžื•-ื›ืŸ ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ืœืœืงื•ื—ื” ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืœืชืฉืœื•ื: ื”ืขื‘ืจื” ื‘ื ืงืื™ืช ืื• ืชืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืขืช ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ืขืฆืžื™ ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืืŸ ืฉืœ ื ืชื™ ืžื•ืจ, ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ ื ืชื™ ืžื•ืจ. 3.3. ืชื ืื™ ืžื•ืงื“ื ืœืจื›ื™ืฉื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ื•/ืื• ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืคืขื•ืœื” ื›ืกืคื™ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ื™ื ื• ืงื‘ืœืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ ื”ืืฉืจืื™ ืœืจื›ื™ืฉื” ื•ืœื’ื‘ื™ื™ืช ื”ืชืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ืชื™ ืžื•ืจ. 4.3. ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœืงื•ื ื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ื‘ื• ืœื ื™ืขืœื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื ืชื™ ืžื•ืจ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”ืงื•ื ื”, ืœืฉื ืชื™ืื•ื ืืกืคืงืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ, ื•ื–ืืช ืชื•ืš 7 ื™ืžื™ื ืžื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืงื ื™ื”, ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื ืชื™ ืžื•ืจ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืกืคืง ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืื• ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืงื•ื ื”, ื•ืœืงื•ื ื” ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ื›ืœ ื˜ืขื ื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื ืชื™ ืžื•ืจ ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืขืกืงื” ืขืœืคื™ ืกืขื™ืฃ ื–ื”. 4.4. ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉื”ื•ื–ืžืŸ ืื–ืœ ื•/ืื• ื ืคืœื” ื˜ืขื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื”, ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื•/ืื• ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื• ื•/ืื• ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ืื—ืจ, ื•/ืื• ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื‘ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื ืชื™ ืžื•ืจ ื•ืื™ื ื ื‘ืฉืœ ืจืฉืœื ื•ืชื”, ื ืชื™ ืžื•ืจ ืœื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืกืคืง ืœืงื•ื ื” ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืžื•ืขื“, ื”ืขืกืงื” ืœื ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืช ื ืชื™ ืžื•ืจ. ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ื ื’ื‘ื”, ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ื™ื•ื—ื–ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ ืœืฆืจื›ื ื™ืช, ื•ืœืฆืจื›ื ื™ืช ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ื›ืœ ื˜ืขื ื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื ืชื™ ืžื•ืจ. 5.1.4. ืžืก' ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืœืฉืช. 5.1.5. ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื”ื“ื•ืืจ ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืœืฉืช. 5.1.6. ืžืกืคืจ ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ื”ืืฉืจืื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืœืฉืช ื•ืชืืจื™ืš ืชื•ืงืคื• ืฉืœ ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ื”ืืฉืจืื™, ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืฉืžืฆื™ื“ื• ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก. 5.1.7. ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ื”ื’ื•ืœืฉืช ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืืชืจ, ื•ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืžื›ืœ ืžื•ืฆืจ ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ. 5.2. ื”ืงืœื“ืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืงื•ื ื” ื›ืžื•ื” ื›ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ื ื” ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื•ืœืฉืœื ืœื ืชื™ ืžื•ืจ ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื• ื”ื ืงื•ื‘ ื‘ืืชืจ. ื”ืงื•ื ื” ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœื›ืš ื›ื™ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ ื”ืืฉืจืื™ ืชืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœื ืชื™ ืžื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืกื›ื•ื ื‘ื• ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื”. ืจื™ืฉื•ืžื™ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ื•ืคื™ืขื• ื‘ืืชืจ ื ืชื™ ืžื•ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื• ืจืื™ื” ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืœื›ืš ื›ื™ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ื ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ืงืœื“ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืงื•ื ื”. 5.4. ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืืชืจ, ืžืฆื”ื™ืจื” ื”ื’ื•ืœืฉ ื›ื™ ื ื”ื™ืจ ื•ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื” ืฉื”ื’ืฉืช ื”ืฆืขื” ื‘ืฉื ื‘ื“ื•ื™ ื•/ืื• ืžืกื™ืจืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื›ื•ื–ื‘ื™ื ื•/ืื• ื”ืชื—ื–ื•ืช ืœืื“ื ืื—ืจ, ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืคืœื™ืœื™ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ื—ื•ืง ื”ืขื•ื ืฉื™ืŸ, ืชืฉืœ"ื–-1977. ื ืชื™ ืžื•ืจ ืชื”ื™ื” ืจืฉืื™ืช ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืฆืขื” ืืฉืจ ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื” ื”ืฆืขื” ื‘ื“ื•ื™ื” ื•/ืื• ืืฉืจ ืžื›ื™ืœื” ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื‘ื“ื•ื™ื™ื ืื• ื›ื•ื–ื‘ื™ื ืœื›ืื•ืจื”, ืœืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•/ืื• ืœื’ื•ืฃ ืื—ืจ ืืฉืจ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ืกืžื›ื•ืชื•. ื›ืžื•-ื›ืŸ, ืชื”ื™ื” ื ืชื™ ืžื•ืจ ืจืฉืื™ืช ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืจืฉื•ืชื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ืžื‘ืฆืขืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ ื–ื”, ื•ื–ืืช ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื’ืจื•ืข ืžื–ื›ื•ืชื” ืœืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื ื–ืง ืฉื™ื™ื’ืจื ืœื” ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืืœื”. 5.5. ื ืชื™ ืžื•ืจ ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืฉื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื” ื™ืฉืžืฉื• ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื‘ืืชืจ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื•ืœื ื™ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ื” ืœื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื. 6.1. ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฆืขื™ื ืœืžื›ื™ืจื” ื‘ืืชืจ, ืกื•ื’ื ื•ื›ืžื•ืชื ื™ืงื‘ืขื• ืœืคื™ ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื“ืขืชื” ื”ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ ืฉืœ ื ืชื™ ืžื•ืจ. 6.2. ื ืชื™ ืžื•ืจ ืจืฉืื™ืช ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืœืืชืจ ื•/ืื• ืœื’ืจื•ืข ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืืœื” ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื•ื›ืŸ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื, ื”ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคื™ ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื“ืขืชื” ื”ื‘ืœืขื“ื™. 6.3. ื ืชื™ ืžื•ืจ ืชืฆื™ื’ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ืœ ืžื•ืฆืจ ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื• ื•ืืช ืขืœื•ืช ืžืฉืœื•ื—ื• ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื”ืงื•ื ื” (ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ืชื—ื•ืœ) . 7.1. ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ืฉื‘ื• ืชืกืจื‘ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ ื”ืืฉืจืื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื ืชื™ ืžื•ืจ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ืจื”, ื™ื™ื—ืฉื‘ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื”ื–ืžื ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืงื•ื ื” ื•ื™ื—ื•ืœื• ืขืœ ื›ืš ื›ืœ ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ืœืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืขืกืงื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืงื•ื ื”. 7.2. ื”ืงื•ื ื” ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ื–ื›ืื™ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉืจื›ืฉื” ื‘ื˜ืจื ืฉื™ืœื ืืช ืžืœื•ื ื”ืชืžื•ืจื” ื‘ื’ื™ื ื• ืื• ื‘ื˜ืจื ื ืชืงื‘ืœ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ ื”ืืฉืจืื™ ืœื’ื‘ื™ื™ืช ื”ืชืžื•ืจื”. ืžื•ื‘ื”ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืงื•ื ื” ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืจืฉืื™ืช ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืฉืœื ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืชืฉืœื•ื. 8.1.1 ืžื™ื“ ืขื ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื”, ืชืงื‘ืœ ื”ืงื•ื ื” ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ื‘ืžื™ื™ืœ. 8.1.2 ืชื•ืš 24 ืฉืขื•ืช (ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืขืกืงื™ื) ืชืงื‘ืœ ื”ืงื•ื ื” ืžื™ื™ืœ ืขื ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื™ืช ืžืก ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื”, ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื’ื ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืขื“ ื•ืžืงื•ื ื”ืกื“ื ื/ื”ืงื•ืจืก ืฉืจื›ืฉื”. 8.2.1 ืžื™ื“ ืขื ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื”, ืชืงื‘ืœ ื”ืงื•ื ื” ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ื‘ืžื™ื™ืœ. 8.2.2 ืชื•ืš 24 ืฉืขื•ืช (ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืขืกืงื™ื) ืชืงื‘ืœ ื”ืงื•ื ื” ื‘ืžื™ื™ืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื™ืช ืžืก ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื”, ื•ื”ื–ืžื ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื“ืจืช, ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื’ื ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืขื“ ื•ืžืงื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืจื›ืฉื”, ื–ืืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืืœ ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื. ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ืœื ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื” ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข, ื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื–ืžื ื” ื›ื™ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื—ืกืจ ื™ื•ืฉืœื ื‘ื”ืžืฉืšื‘ืžื™ื™ืœ. 9.1. ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื ืชื™ ืžื•ืจ ืœืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช ืœื’ื•ื‘ื” ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืœืœืงื•ื—ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“. 9.2. ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื˜ื™ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื—ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ืฆืจืŸ ื•/ืื• ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื™ืŸ. 9.3.1. ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ื•ื—ื–ืจ ืœื ืชื™ ืžื•ืจ ืชื•ืš 14 ื™ื•ื ืžืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืข"ื™ ื”ืงื•ื ื” ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืชืื•ื ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื ื” ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืชื™ ืžื•ืจ. 9.3.2. ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ื•ื—ื–ืจ ื‘ืืจื™ื–ืชื• ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื• ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ. 9.3.3. ืฉืžื” ื•ืคืจื˜ื™ื” ื”ืžืœืื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื” ื™ืฆื•ืจืคื• ืœืžื•ืฆืจ. ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื” ืชืชื™ืจ ืœื ืชื™ ืžื•ืจ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉืžื” ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื• ืœื™ืฆืจืŸ ืื• ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ. 10.1.1. ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืงื•ื ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ 14ื’(ื’) ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืฆืจื›ืŸ, ื”ืชืฉืž"ื-1981. 10.1.2.1 ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืื™ืคื•ืจ/ืชืกืจื•ืงืช ืœืื™ืจื•ืข โ€“ ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืชืžืกืจ ื‘ืคืงืก / ื“ื•ื"ืœ, ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ืื•ื—ืจ 30 ื™ืžื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื•ืขื“ ื–ื”, ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื™ื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ 50% ืžืกืš ื”ืขืกืงื”. ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื ื” ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ. 10.1.2.2 ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืกื“ื ื / ืงื•ืจืก โ€“ ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืชืžืกืจ ื‘ืคืงืก / ื“ื•ื"ืœ, ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ืื•ื—ืจ 10 ื™ืžื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืกื“ื ื/ื”ืงื•ืจืก. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื•ืขื“ ื–ื”, ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื™ื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ 50% ืžืกืš ื”ืขืกืงื”. ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื ื” ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ. 10.1.2.3 ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช, ืกื“ื ื ืื• ืงื•ืจืก 24 ืฉืขื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื•ื–ืžืŸ, ื™ื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืžืœื•ื ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืขืกืงื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช. 11.1.3.1 ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืชืžืกืจ ื‘ืคืงืก / ื“ื•ื"ืœ, ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ืื•ื—ืจ 10 ื™ืžื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืกื“ื ื/ื”ืงื•ืจืก. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื•ืขื“ ื–ื”, ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื™ื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ 50% ืžืกืš ื”ืขืกืงื”. ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื ื” ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ. 11.1.3.2 ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืขืกืงื” ื™ื™ืขืฉื” ืชื•ืš 7 ื™ืžื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ, ืื• ืžืกืžืš ื”ืขืกืงื” ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื. 11.1.3.3. ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืชื™ืžืกืจ ื‘ืคืงืก / ื“ื•ื"ืœ ื•ืชืื•ืฉืจ ืข"ื™ ื”ืงื•ื ื” ื‘ืคืงืก ื•/ืื• ื‘ื“ื•ื"ืœ ื•/ืื• ื‘ื“ื•ืืจ. ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื ื” ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืงื‘ืœืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ. 11.1.3.4. ื‘ืขืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืขืกืงื” ืฉืœื ืขืงื‘ ืคื’ื ืื• ืื™ ื”ืชืืžื”, ื•/ืื• ื‘ืฉืœ ืื™ ืืกืคืงืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืฉื ืงื‘ืข, ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืœื” ื›ืกืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ื ื” ืชื•ืš 14 ื™ืžื™ื ืžื™ื•ื ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื•ื“ืขืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ, ืœืžืขื˜ ื“ืžื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ 5% ืื• 100 ืฉ"ื— ืœืคื™ ื”ื ืžื•ืš ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ืขืœื•ืช ื“ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื‘ื”ื ืชื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ ื ืชื™ ืžื•ืจ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ ื”ืืฉืจืื™. 11.1.3.5. ืขืœื•ืช ืžืฉืœื•ื— ื”ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ, ืชื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื ื”. 11.1.3.6. ืœื ืชืชืืคืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฆืจ ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ืจื›ื‘ ื•/ืื• ื”ื•ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขืœ-ืคื™ ื”ื–ืžื ืช ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื”. 12.2.1. ื‘ืขืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืขืกืงื” ืขืงื‘ ืคื’ื ืื• ืื™ ื”ืชืืžื”, ืื• ื‘ืฉืœ ืื™-ืืกืคืงืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืฉื ืงื‘ืข, ืœื ื™ื™ื’ื‘ื• ื“ืžื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ. 12.2.2. ื›ืกืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจื•ื›ืฉืช ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืœื” ืชื•ืš 14 ื™ืžื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื•ื“ืขืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ. 12.2.3. ืขืœื•ืช ืžืฉืœื•ื— ื”ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ, ืชื”ื™ื” ืขืœ-ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื ืชื™ ืžื•ืจ. 12.2.4. ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื™ื•ื—ื–ืจ ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืืคืฉืจื™, ืื• ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ืืจื™ื–ืชื• ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช. 12.2.5. ืคืจื˜ ืœืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ, ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ืงื•ื ื” ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืงื ื™ื” ื•ื”ืงื•ื ื” ืชื—ื•ื™ื‘ ื‘ืžืœื•ื ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืชืžื•ืจื” ืื•ืชื• ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื” ืœืฉืœื ืœื ืชื™ ืžื•ืจ. 13.1. ื—ืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ืขืœืืช ืชื›ื ื™ื ืœืืชืจ ืข"ื™ ื’ื•ืœืฉื™ื ื•/ืื• ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืฉืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื ืชื™ ืžื•ืจ ืœืขืœื•ืชื. ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืชื›ื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืขืœื™ื ืข"ื™ ื’ื•ืœืฉื™ื ืœืืชืจ ืœืœื ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื’ื•ืœืฉื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ืจืฉื™ื. 13.2. ื ืชื™ ืžื•ืจ ืื™ื ื” ืื—ืจืื™ืช ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืงื‘ืฆื™ื ื”ืžื•ืขืœื™ื ืข"ื™ ื’ื•ืœืฉื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ืจืฉื™ื. 13.3. ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืขืœื™ื ืข"ื™ ื’ื•ืœืฉื™ื ืœืืชืจ ืžืฉื•ื ื”ืžืœืฆื” ืื• ื”ื‘ืขืช ื“ืขื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื ืžื˜ืขื ื ืชื™ ืžื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช, ืœืžื•ืกืจ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช, ื˜ื™ื‘ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ืืžื™ื ื•ืชื•. 13.4. ื ืชื™ ืžื•ืจ ืœื ืชื™ืฉื ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืชื›ื ื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืœืฉื™ื ื”ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืงืฆื” ื‘ื”ื ื”ื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื, ืชื•ื›ื ื, ืžื”ื™ืžื ื•ืชืŸ, ื“ื™ื•ืงื, ืืžื™ื ื•ืชื ื•ื”ืฉืคืขืชื ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืœืฉื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื ื–ืง, ืื™ ื ื•ื—ื•ืช, ืื‘ื“ืŸ, ืขื’ืžืช ื ืคืฉ ื•ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ืืœื• ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช,ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืื• ืขืงื™ืคื•ืช ืฉืชื’ืจื ืœืš, ืœืจื›ื•ืฉืš ืื• ืœื›ืœ ืฆื“ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ื ืืœื•. 13.5. ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ื•ืคื™ืขื• ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืืชืจื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืื• ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ื›ืœืฉื”ื. ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืœืืชืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืขืœ ืืชืจื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื•ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื›ืืœื”, ื”ื ืš ืžืืฉืจืช ื•ืžืกื›ื™ืžื” ื›ื™ ื”ืืชืจ ืื™ื ื• ืื—ืจืื™ ืœื–ืžื™ื ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืืชืจื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืื• ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ื›ืœืฉื”ื, ืœืชื›ื ื™ื,ืคืจืกื•ืžื•ืช, ืื• ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ("ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื") ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืืชืจื™ื ืื• ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื›ืืœื•. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื”ื ืš ืžืืฉืจืช ื•ืžืกื›ื™ืžื” ื›ื™ ื”ืืชืจ ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื—ืจืื™ ืœื›ืœ ื ื–ืง ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืื• ืขืงื™ืฃ ื•/ืื• ื”ืคืกื“ ื•/ืื• ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื’ืžืช ื ืคืฉ ืฉื™ื™ื’ืจืžื• ืœืš ืื• ืœืจื›ื•ืฉืš ืขืงื‘ ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ื•/ืื• ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืชืจื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื•/ืื• ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ื•ืžืจ ืžื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื. 13.6 ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื‘ืฉืœื™ื˜ืช "ื ืชื™ ืžื•ืจ" ื•/ืื• ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžื›ื•ื— ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, "ื ืชื™ ืžื•ืจ" ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืื—ืจืื™ืช ืœื›ืœ ื ื–ืง ืžื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืฉื”ื•ื, ืขืงื™ืฃ ืื• ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืฉื™ื™ื’ืจื ืœืžื–ืžื™ื ื” ืื• ืœืžื™ ืžื˜ืขืžื”, ืื ืžื™ื“ืข ื–ื” ื™ืื‘ื“ ืื• ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœื’ื•ืจื ืขื•ื™ืŸ ื•/ืื• ื™ืขืฉื” ื‘ื• ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉืœื ื‘ื”ืจืฉืื”. 14.1. ืžื•ื‘ื”ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ืžื•ื’ื ื™ื ื‘ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืœืœื ืงื‘ืœืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžืจืืฉ ื•ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ืžื ืชื™ ืžื•ืจ. 14.2. ื›ืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื‘ืืชืจ ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื” ื”ื›ืœื•ืœื” ื‘ื•, ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื• ื”ื’ืจืคื™ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ื• ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืื—ืจ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืืชืจ, ื”ื™ื ื ื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ืชื™ ืžื•ืจ ื•ืœืืฃ ืื“ื ืœื ืชื”ื ื›ืœ ื–ื›ื•ืช, ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืื• ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื ืชื™ ืžื•ืจ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืืœื” ื•ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืืœื”, ืืœื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื•ื‘ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื ืชื™ ืžื•ืจ ื‘ืœื‘ื“. 14.3. ื›ืœ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ื•ืžืจ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื•ืช, ื—ื•ืžืจื•ืช, ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช, ืžืคืจื˜ื™ื, ื ืชื•ื ื™ื, ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื, ื”ืžืฆืื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื™ื,ืกื™ืžื ื™ ืžืกื—ืจ, ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืกื—ืจ ื•ื›ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืื—ืจ ืืฉืจ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ื›ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืืชืจ ื”ื™ื ื ื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ืชื™ ืžื•ืจ ื•ืœื ืชื”ื ืœืžืืŸ ื“ื”ื•ื ื›ืœ ื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื–ื›ื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ. 15. ืžืงื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ ื”ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืกื›ืกื•ืš ื•/ืื• ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืœืฉ ื•/ืื• ืงื•ื ื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื ืชื™ ืžื•ืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ืžื•ืกืžืš ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘.
1)ื‘ืชืืจื™ืš 26/2/15 ืื• ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœื›ืš ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื• ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช, ื”ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื•ืžื›ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืจื”ื™ื˜ื™ื, ืžื–ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ืขืฅ ืืœื•ืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ (ืœื”ืœืŸ: " ื”ืจื™ื”ื•ื˜") ื•ืฉื™ืœืžื• ืœื” ืกืš ืฉืœ 3,800 โ‚ช (1,000 โ‚ช ื‘ืžื–ื•ืžืŸ ื•- 2,800 โ‚ช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ืืฉืจืื™). ื”ืจื™ื”ื•ื˜ ืกื•ืคืง ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื, ื‘ืขื›ื•, ื‘ืชืืจื™ืš 20/3/15. 2)ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื, ื›ืขื•ืœื” ืžื›ืชื‘ ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื”, ื”ืจื™ื”ื•ื˜ ื”ื’ื™ืข "... ืขื ืคื’ืžื™ื ื•ืฉืจื™ื˜ื•ืช... ื”ืžื–ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืœื ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ื•ืœืœื ืžื“ืคื™ื". ื”ื ืคื ื• ืœ"ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื ื•ืช" ื•ื™ื™ื“ืขื• ืื•ืชื• ืขืœ ื”ืคื’ืžื™ื ื•ืกื•ื›ื ื›ื™ ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ืชื™ืงื— ืืช ื”ืจื™ื”ื•ื˜ ื”ืคื’ื•ื ื•ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื—ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืœืจื™ื”ื•ื˜ ืชืงื™ืŸ. ื‘ืชืืจื™ืš 29/3/15 ื”ื’ื™ืข ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืžื˜ืขื ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช, ืœืงื— ืืช ื”ืจื™ื”ื•ื˜ ื”ืคื’ื•ื ื•ื”ืชื•ื‘ืข/ืช ื ืกืข/ื” ืœื—ื ื•ืช "ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืœืžื•ืฆืจ ืชืงื™ืŸ". ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื•ืกื›ื ืฉื”ืจื™ื”ื•ื˜ ื”ื—ืœื™ืคื™ ืฉื™ืกื•ืคืง ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ืœื‘ืŸ ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ืกื•ืคืง "5 ื™ืžื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื—ื’ ื”ืคืกื—". ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ื•ื‘ื ื”ืจื™ื”ื•ื˜ ื”ื—ืœื™ืคื™ ืœื‘ื™ืชื ื‘ โ€“ 21/4/15, ืื•ืœื ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื• "ืคื’ืžื™ื ื•ืฉืจื™ื˜ื•ืช" ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืชื•ื‘ืข/ืช ืœื ื”ืกื›ื™ื/ื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืจื™ื”ื•ื˜ ื”ื—ืœื™ืคื™ ื•ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ "ืœืงื— ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืืช ื”ืกื—ื•ืจื”". ืขื•ื“ ื ื˜ืขืŸ ืข"ื™ ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื, ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื‘ื˜ื— ืœื”ื ืฉื›ืกืคื ื™ื•ื—ื–ืจ ืœื”ื, ืื•ืœื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื ืขืฉื”. ื ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ืขื "ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื ื•ืช" ืœื ืฆืœื—ื•, ืฉื›ืŸ ืžืกื ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช. ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื• ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืฉื‘ืคื ื™ื™, ื‘ื” ื”ื ืขื•ืชืจื™ื ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ืกืš ืฉืœ 3,800 โ‚ช ื•ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืฉืœื ืœื”ื ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ื‘ืกืš 3,200 โ‚ช (ืกื”"ื› 7,000 โ‚ช). 3)ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช, ื›ืขื•ืœื” ืžื›ืชื‘ ื”ื”ื’ื ื”, ื”ืจื™ื”ื•ื˜ ืฉืกื•ืคืง ืœืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื‘- 20/3/15, ื ืžืกืจ ืœื”ื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื‘ื“ืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ืžืฆื ืžืชืื™ื ืœื”ื–ืžื ื” ื•ืชืงื™ืŸ, ื•ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขืช 1 ื—ืชืžื” ืขืœ ืชืขื•ื“ืช ื”ืžืฉืœื•ื— (ืฉืœื ืฆื•ืจืคื” ืœื›ืชื‘ ื”ื”ื’ื ื”, ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื ื˜ืขืŸ ื‘ืก' 8 ืœื›ืชื‘ ื”ื”ื’ื ื”). ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืกืคืงืช ื”ืจื™ื”ื•ื˜, "ืคื ื• ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืœื ืชื‘ืขืช ื•ื”ืขืœื• ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืคืงื™ื“ ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื˜ื™ื‘ ื”ืกื—ื•ืจื”". ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืจื™ื”ื•ื˜ ืฉืกื•ืคืง ื”ื™ื” ืชืงื™ืŸ, ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื” ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืœืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืจื™ื”ื•ื˜, ื–ืืช "ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื”". ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื”ืชื‘ืงืฉื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื—ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืจื™ื”ื•ื˜ ื—ืœื™ืคื™ "ื•ื”ื•ืกื‘ืจ ืœื”ื ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืฉืœื ื”ื•ื‘ืœื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืกื—ื•ืจื” ื”ืชืงื™ื ื” ืืฉืจ ืกื•ืคืงื” ืœื”ื, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื ื“ื—ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื•ืงืฃ ืžืฆื“ ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื". ืขื•ื“ ื ื˜ืขืŸ ืข"ื™ ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช, ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื”ื’ื ื”, ื›ื™ ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื—ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื—ืจื• ืจื™ื”ื•ื˜ ื—ืœื™ืคื™, ืืฉืจ ืกื•ืคืง ืœื”ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืื•ืœื ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืกื™ืจื‘ื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืจื™ื”ื•ื˜ ื”ื—ืœื™ืคื™ "ืœืœื ืกื™ื‘ื” ืžื•ืฆื“ืงืช". ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ื—ื–ืจื” ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืขื” ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื™ืกืงื” ื•ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืœืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืืช ื›ืกืคื, ื‘ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ืฉืœืžื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื—ืช ื”ื”ื•ื‘ืœื•ืช ืœืคื—ื•ืช. 4)ื›ืคื™ ืฉืขื•ืœื” ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื•ืžืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื, ื™ืฉื ื” ื”ืกื›ืžื” ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืขื™ืกืงื” ื•ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ื™ื ื” ื‘ืฉืืœื” ื”ืื ืขืœ ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืœืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืืช ืžืœื•ื ื”ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืฉื™ืœืžื•, ืื• ืฉืžื ื”ื™ื ื–ื›ืื™ืช ืœืงื–ื– ืืช ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ื‘ืœื”. ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื”ื›ืจืขื” ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื–ื•, ืฉื•ืžื” ืขืœื™ื™ ืœื”ื›ืจื™ืข ื‘ืฉืืœื” ื”ืื ื”ืจื™ื”ื•ื˜ ืฉืกื•ืคืง ื”ื™ื” ืคื’ื•ื, ื›ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืื• ืชืงื™ืŸ, ื›ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช.
1. ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื ืกืขื• ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2011, ืฉื ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื 17/7/11 ื•ืœื”ืกืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื 25/7/11. ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืจื›ืฉื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ืœื—ื•"ืœ ืืฆืœ ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช. ืœืื—ืจ ื ื—ื™ืชืช ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืžืจื—ืง 100 ืง"ืž ืžืฉื“ื” ื”ืชืขื•ืคื”, ื ืชืงืฃ ื”ืชื•ื‘ืข 1 ื‘ื›ืื‘ื™ื ืขื–ื™ื ื•ื ืืœืฅ ืœื”ืชืคื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื• ืื•ื‘ื—ื ื” ืืฆืœื• ื—ืกื™ืžืช ืžืขื™ื™ื. 2. ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืจืฆื™ืฃ ืขื ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืงืจื•ืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข, ื•ื ืฉืžืขื• ืœื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœื”ื–ืžื ืช ืืžื‘ื•ืœื ืก, ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืงื˜ืŸ, ื•ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืื—ืจ ื‘ืืชื•ื ื”. ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ืช ืืฉืจ ื ื•ืฆืจื”, ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืœืืจืฅ ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœืืฉืจ ืœื”ื, ืงืจื™ ื‘ื™ื•ื 19/7/11. 3. ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืชื™ื”ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื, ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืœื™ื ื”, ื˜ื™ืกื”, ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”, ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ, ื•ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืœ (ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ืฉื•ืœื ืžืจืืฉ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื›ื™ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ื•ืžื“ืจื™ืš). ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ืฉื™ืœืžื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืœืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืœ 5,030 โ‚ช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช, ื•ืœืคื ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื’ื ื—ืœืง ืžืŸ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ื•ื”ืœื™ื ื”. ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ืกื™ืจื‘ื” ืœืฉืœื, ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื‘ืกืกืช ืกืจื•ื‘ ื–ื” ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ืกื”, ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ืžืจืืฉ ืืฉืจ ืฉืฉื•ืœื ืœืฉื›ื™ืจืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื•ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš, ื•ืœื ืžื•ืžืฉ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ื”ืจืคื•ืื™, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืœื™ื ื” ื•ื ืกื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ืขื“ ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื˜ื™ืกื” ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืืฉืจ ื‘ื•ืฆืขื• ืžื—ื•"ืœ ื•ืืช ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ืœืžื•ื ื™ืช, ื”ื—ื–ืจื” ืžืฉื“ื” ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืขื“ ืœื‘ื™ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื. ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืืœื” ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืกืš ืฉืœ 6,329 โ‚ช. 4. ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ื˜ื•ืขื ืช ื›ื™ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืืœื” ืœื ืฉื•ืœืžื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื” ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืœื ืงื™ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจืŸ ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืกืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืื•ืชื” ืจื›ืฉื• ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื. ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืืฉืจ ื›ืŸ ืฉื•ืœืžื• ื•ืื™ื ืŸ ืžื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ืกื”, ืฉื•ืœืžื• ืœื”ื ืœืคื ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืขื“ ื›ืืŸ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช. ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื ื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื” ืœืฉืืœื” ื”ืื ื”ื™ื” ื›ืืŸ ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ืื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืœ. 5. ืœื™ื‘ืช ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช, ื”ืื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืฉืชื•ืืจื• ืœืขื™ืœ ื”ื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ื˜ื™ื•ืœ (ื›ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช) ืื• ืฉืžื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื˜ื™ื•ืœ (ื›ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื). ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื•, ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื ืคืงื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื•ืช ืขืค"ื™ ืชื ืื™ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ืกื” ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ืื” ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ืœืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื. ื”ื™ื” ื•ื ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืกืงื ื” ื›ื™ ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ืงื•ืฆืจ ื•ืœื ื‘ื•ื˜ืœ, ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ. ื”ื™ื” ื•ื ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืกืงื ื” ื›ื™ ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื‘ื•ื˜ืœ, ื™ืจื™ืขืช ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ืจื—ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. 6. ื”ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืื™ื ื ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื™ื ื‘ืคืจืง ื‘' ืœืคื•ืœื™ืกื”, ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื›ื•ืœื• ื‘ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช. ืคืจืง 3 ืœืคื•ืœื™ืกื” ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ื—ื–ืจ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ื ืกื™ืขื”. ื’ื ื‘ืคืจืง ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืžืกื•ื“ืจืช ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจืื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื›ื™ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืกื” ืฉื›ื–ื•, ืื•ืœื ืขืค"ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืง ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ืกื‘ื•ืจื ื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืžื•ื ื— ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ื˜ื™ื•ืœ, ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืžืฆื‘ ื‘ื• ื”ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื— ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืืจืฅ ื”ื™ืขื“ ื”ื—ืœ ื‘ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื•ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ืจืคื•ืื™ืช, ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื ืงื˜ืข ื‘ืื™ื‘ื• ื•ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื— ื”ื•ื ื›ื–ื” ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืฉื™ื‘ืชื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืงื•ื“ื ืœืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ื”ื ืงื•ื‘ ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืกื”. ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื ื•, ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืขืฆืžื ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื‘ืฉืœื•ื ืœืืจืฅ ื”ื™ืขื“ ื™ื•ื•ืŸ, ื”ื—ืœื• ื‘ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ืฉื ืฉื›ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื•ื‘ืžืจื—ืง 100 ืง"ืž ืžื ืžืœ ื”ืชืขื•ืคื”, ื—ืฉ ื”ืชื•ื‘ืข ื‘ืจืข, ื”ื•ื‘ื”ืœ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื”ืžืฉืš ื™ื“ื•ืข. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื”ื—ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื•ืงื•ืฆืจ. 7. ืžืื™ื“ืš ื’ื™ืกื, ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ, ืžืฉืžืขื• ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ื• ื”ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื— ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืกื” ื›ืžื•ืฆื“ืงื•ืช, ืื™ื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื›ืœืœ ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื•ืื– ืขืœ ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืกื“ ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืกื”, ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืฉืฉื•ืœืžื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื• ืžืจืืฉ, ื›ืžื• ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืจื›ื‘, ืคืงื“ื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื•ื›ื™ื•ื‘'. 8. ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื›ืจื™ืข ื‘ื•, ืฉื›ืŸ ืœื ื—ืœ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื ื• ืžืื™ืžืชื™ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื˜ื™ื•ืœ, ื”ืื ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื— ื ื›ื ืก ืœืžื˜ื•ืก, ืื• ืฉืžื ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืžื˜ื•ืก ื ื—ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื™ืขื“. ื›ืš ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื‘ืจืจ ืžื” ื“ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื— ืฉื—ืฉ ื‘ืจืข ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืกื” ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืืš ื˜ืจื ื ื—ื™ืชื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื™ืขื“, ื•ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ืขืงื‘ื• ื•ื›ื™ื•ื‘'. 9. ื”ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื, ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœื”ื ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืžืœื•ืŸ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—, ืกืขื™ืฃ 3 ื‘ืจื™ืฉื ืœืขืž' 24, ื ื“ื—ื™ืช ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื ืฉื‘ื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืœื™ื‘ื ื“ื›ื•ืœื™ ืขืœืžื ืœืื—ืจ ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ื•ืœื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœ- 8 ื™ืžื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืงื•ืจื™ื™ื. 10. ื ื•ื›ื— ื›ืœ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืขื“ ื›ืืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืขืžื“ืช ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ื”ื’ื•ืจืกืช ืฉืขืค"ื™ ืชื ืื™ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ืกื” ื”ื™ื ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœืžื‘ื•ื˜ื—, ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืืš ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ื˜ื™ืกื” ื—ื“ืฉ ื›ื ืงื•ื‘ ื‘ืจื™ืฉื ืœืขืž' 12 ื•ื”ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืช. ื›ืืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ, ื›ื™ ืขืค"ื™ ืชื ืื™ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ืกื” ืืœื• ื”ื—ืจื™ื’ื• ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื•ื‘ื’ื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื•ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืžื•ื ื™ืช ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ 9 ื‘ืกื™ืคื ืœืขืž' 22. 11. ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื, ื–ื• ื”ืคื•ืœื™ืกื” ืฉืจื›ืฉื• ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ื”ื—ืจื’ื” ื–ื•, ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœื›ืš ืžืจืืฉ, ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœื ื ืขืฉืชื”. ื”ื ืชื‘ืขืช ืฉื›ื ืขื” ืื•ืชื™ ื›ื™ ืฉื™ืœืžื” ืœืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื, ืขืงื‘ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืœืคื ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื—ื‘ื•ืชื” ืขืค"ื™ ืชื ืื™ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ืกื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ื” ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœืฉืœื ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื. 12. ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืฅ, ื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœื”ื™ื“ื—ื•ืช ื•ื›ืš ืื ื™ ืžื•ืจื”. ื—ืจืฃ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ืืœื™ื” ื”ื’ืขืชื™, ืื™ื ื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืฆื• ืœื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื•ื›ืœ ืฆื“ ื™ื™ืฉื ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืชื™ื•.
ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ื˜ืก ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœื—ื•"ืœ ื‘ื˜ื™ืกื•ืช ื–ื•ืœื•ืช ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื™ ืฉื”ื ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื˜ื•ืก ื‘ื˜ื™ืกื•ืช ื›ืืœื• ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ืกื•ืช ื›ืืœื• ื”ื ื•ืจืžื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืืœื ืจืง ื˜ืจื•ืœื™ ื•ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื” ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื•ืžืคืกื™ืง ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื–ื•ืœ. ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืจืฉืช ืžืœืื” ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืขืฆื ื˜ื™ืกื•ืช ืœื•ืื• ืงื•ืกื˜ ื”ืŸ ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื–ื•ืœื•ืช ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืžืžืš ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืœืžื—ื™ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืžืฆืืช ื˜ื™ืกื” ืžืื•ื“ ื–ื•ืœื” ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื ืชืขืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืงืจ. ืœื ื ืขื™ื ืœื™ ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืฉืœื™ ื ื˜ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื”ืจื—ื•ืง. ืขื•ืœื ื”ืœื•ืื• ืงื•ืกื˜ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ื•ืœื ืœื˜ื•ืก ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื–ื•ืœ, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืžื”ืคื›ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืงืฆืช ืืช ื”ืจืืฉ ืœืงืจืืช ื˜ื™ืกื•ืช. ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ื›ืฉื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื• ื˜ืกื™ื ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื‘ืฆืข ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืืœื™ื• ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืกื”, ื•ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืื™ืชื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช. ืื ื™ ื˜ืก ื”ืจื‘ื” ื•ืœื ืขื•ืฉื” ืžื–ื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœืงื—ืช ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“ ื—ืคืฆื™ื ื•ื›ืš ืื ื™ ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœื˜ื•ืก ื”ืจื‘ื” ื•ื‘ื–ื•ืœ. ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืกื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื•ื ื”. ืื ื™ ืงื•ื ื” ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื”ืฉื”ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ื•ืœื ืกื•ืžืš ืจืง ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื‘ืืชื™ ื‘ืืจืฅ. ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืื ื™ ืžืฉืชื“ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืœืžืฉืš ื›ืžื” ื™ืžื™ื. ืื ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืžื”ืคื›ืช ื”ืœื•ืื• ืงื•ืกื˜ ืื ื™ ืžืฆื™ืข ืœื›ื ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ืขืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืื™ืš ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืœื™ ืœืฉืœื ืขืœ ืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช. ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืงืจื•ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื” ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœืงื—ืช ื‘ืžื˜ื•ืก, ื•ืœื ืœืงื—ืช ืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืžื” ืฉืžื•ืชืจ. ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื ืืช ื”ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื” ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืื•ืชื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื–ื•. ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืงืคื™ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื˜ืจ ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ื˜ื™ืกื” ื—ื–ืจื” ืžื—ื•"ืœ ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืงืคื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื”. ืื ื™ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืงื—ืช ืชื™ืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ืžืชื™ืจื” ื•ืœื ืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืœืฉื—ืง ืงืฆืช ืขื ื”ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื›ื™ ื”ืชื™ืงื™ื ื”ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืžืืฉืจ ืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื•ืช. ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื™ืฉ ืžืชืงื ื™ ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืืœื™ื”ื ืืช ื”ืชื™ืง ืื• ื”ืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื” ื•ื›ืš ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ื•ื“ืœ. ืชื™ืง, ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืคื•ืฆืฅ ืžืฆืœื™ื— ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืœืžืชืงื ื™ื ื”ืืœื”. ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ืื ื™ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžืขื“ื™ืฃ ืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืชื™ืง ืื• ื”ื˜ืจื•ืœื™ ืื™ืชื™ ืœืžืขืœื” ื‘ืžื˜ื•ืก ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืžื”ืžื˜ื•ืก, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ืื ื™ ื“ื•ืื’ ืœืกืžืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืขื ืฉื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื•ืžื ืกื” ืœืงืฉื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืžื˜ืคื—ืช ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืœ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœื ื™ืืคืฉืจื• ืœื™ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื” ืœืžื˜ื•ืก. ืืจื™ื–ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืจืฉื™ืžืช ืืจื™ื–ื” ืžื•ืงืคื“ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืืœื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืงื—ืช, ื›ื™ ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ืจื– ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืื ื™ ื ื•ื˜ื” ืœืงื—ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš. ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื” ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื ืŸ ืœืืจื•ื– ื•ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืฆืžืฆื ืื•ืชื” ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ. ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืจืฉื™ืžืช ืืจื™ื–ื” ืื ื™ ืžื—ืœืง ืืช ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืœืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ืœืงื™ื: ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืงื—ืช ื›ืžื• ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื•ื›ืœื™ ืจื—ืฆื”, ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื—ืžื“ ืื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื›ืžื• ืกืคืจื™ื ื•ื—ืคืฆื™ ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืœื•ืงื— ืจืง ืœื™ืชืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืื ืื ื™ ืืฆื˜ืจืš ืื•ืชื. ืืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืืชื ืœืงื—ื™ื ืจืง ืœื™ืชืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืืœ ืชื™ืงื—ื• ืืชื›ื. ืื ืชืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืืช ื”ื—ืคืฆื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืชื—ืคืฉื• ืœืงื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืชื”ื™ื• ื‘ื•. ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ื”ืื ืืชื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื›ืœ ื—ืคืฅ. ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืžืืจืฅ ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืื•ืชื ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื”, ื•ื—ื‘ืœ ืœืกื—ื•ื‘ ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืืจืฅ ื›ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืงื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืืœื™ื• ืชื’ื™ืขื•. ื–ื” ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื•ื›ืœ ื•ื—ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืงื ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ, ื›ืœื™ื ื—ื“ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ื•ืขื•ื“. ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื—ื•"ืœ ืื ื™ ื ื›ื ืก ืœื—ื ื•ืช ืคืืจื ืื• ืกื•ืคืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืฉื“ื” ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื•ืžืฉืœื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื. ืื ืื ื™ ื ื•ืกืข ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉืฉ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืงืจ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืกื•ื•ื“ืจ ื•ืžืขื™ืœ ืื ื™ ืืœื‘ืฉ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืฆ'ืง ืื™ืŸ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื”. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื”ืืจืฅ ื—ื ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ื–ืงื•ืง ืœืžืขื™ืœ ืื ื™ ืœื ืืงื— ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื” ืืœื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ. ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืื•ืชื• ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืฉื“ื” ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืจื’ืข ื”ืฆ'ืง ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื”ืืœื•. ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ืœื ืกื•ืคืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ืคืฆื™ื ืฉืืชื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืขืœื™ื›ื ืืœื ืจืง ืืช ื”ื—ืคืฆื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื”. ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ืœื ื‘ื•ื“ืงื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ืื ื™ ืžืžืœื ืืช ื”ื›ื™ืกื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขื™ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื—ืคืฆื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืงื—ืช ืื™ืชื™, ื›ืžื• ืžื˜ืขืŸ ืœื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ, ืื•ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื•ื—ืคืฆื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืงื—ืช ืื™ืชื™ ื•ืœื ืœืžืœื ืื™ืชื ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื”. ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืฆืžืฆืžื ื• ืืช ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื›ืžื” ืฉืจืง ืืคืฉืจ, ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืืจื•ื– ืืช ื”ื—ืคืฆื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ืืจื•ื– ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ืขืœื™ื™ื. ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื—ืช ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ืกืคื™ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื ืชื•ืคืกื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืงื•ื. ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืืคืจ ืœืงื ื•ืช ื ืขืœื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ื ืžื•ืš ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืืœื™ื• ืืชื ื ื•ืกืขื™ื. ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ืื ื™ ื ื•ืขืœ ื‘ื ืกื™ืขื” ืืช ื”ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ืฉื™ืชืคืกื• ื”ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืงื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ืืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืงื—ืช ืื•ืชื ืื™ืชื™ ื‘ืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื”. ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื ืฉืžื™ื ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื” ืืœ ืชืฉืื™ืจื• ืื•ืชื ืจื™ืงื™ื ืืœื ื ืกื• ืœืžืœื ืืช ื”ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ืคืฆื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื’ืจื‘ื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืคืฆื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื•ืื– ืชืฉื™ืžื• ืืช ื”ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ืื—ืช ืžืขืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืขืงื‘ ืžื•ืœ ืื’ื•ื“ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื ื™ืชืคืกื• ื›ืžื” ืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืžืงื•ื. ืื ื™ ืฉื ืืช ื”ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉืงื™ืช ื ื™ื™ืœื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื ืœื ื™ืœื›ืœื›ื• ืœื™ ืืช ืฉืืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื. ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื•ืจื–ื™ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืœื’ืœื’ืœ ืืช ื”ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื•ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืงืคืœ ืื•ืชื. ืื ื™ ืžืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืฉืžืฉืœื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช. ืื ื™ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืฉื ืืช ื”ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื”, ื›ืš ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื™ ืืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื” ื”ื ื™ืขืžื“ื• ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ื™ืชื ื• ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื”. ืœื™ื“ ื”ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ืื ื™ ืฉื ืขื•ื“ ื—ืคืฆื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžื—ื•ืฅ. ืžืขืœ ื”ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ื•ืฉืืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื›ื•ื•ืฅ, ืื ื™ ืฉื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžื”ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื’ื•ืœื’ืœืช, ื›ืš ืฉืื ื™ ืืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืื•ืชื ื‘ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืคืฆื™ื. ืื ื™ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžื’ืœื’ืœ ื›ืžื” ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืช ืื—ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื•ืงืœื™ื ื›ืžื• ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ื’ื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื•ืžื›ื ืกื™ื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืœืฆื•ืช ืžืœืžืขืœื”. ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืื ื™ ืฉื ืžืขืœ ื”ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืฉืฉืžืชื™ ื‘ืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืกื’ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื”ืžื’ื•ืฉืžื™ื ืฉืœื ืžืชื’ืœื’ืœื™ื ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืžืงื•ืคืœื™ื ื•ืกื•ื’ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื”. ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉ ื‘ืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื•ืช ื—ื’ื•ืจื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืฉืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื›ื•ื•ืฅ ืืช ื”ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื“ื•ืง ืžื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ืฉืœื”ื. ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ืœื ืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ื ื•ื–ืœื™ื ืœืžื˜ื•ืก, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ืืชื ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ื˜ืจื•ืœื™ ืฉืœื›ื ืœืžื˜ื•ืก ืื– ืืœ ืชื‘ื™ืื• ืืชื›ื ืฉืžืคื• ืื• ืงืจืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืงื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžื˜ื•ืก ืืœื ืชื“ืื’ื• ืœื‘ืงื‘ื•ืงื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืฉืœ 100 ืž"ืœ ืฉื‘ื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ื•ื–ืœื™ื™ื. ื›ืš ื’ื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื•ืœื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืืชื ื• ื—ืคืฆื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื. ื—ืœืง ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืกืžื˜ื™ืงื” ืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ื“ื•ื’ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืฉื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืื•ืชื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ื›ืืœื•. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™ ืื ื™ ืžืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืชื™ืง ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ ืจื—ืฆื” ืืจื•ื– ืขื ืžืฉื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช (ืœืžืฉืœ ืฉืคื•ืคืจื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉื—ืช ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื) ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ. ื›ืš ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืชืžื™ื“ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืื•ืชื• ืžื™ื“ ืœืชื™ืง ื‘ืœื™ ืœืฉื›ื•ื— ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื—ืคืฉ ื‘ืจื’ืข ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืžืฉื—ื•ืช ื•ื—ืคืฆื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœื”ืชืคืฉืจ ืขืœ ื—ืคืฆื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื. ืืช ื›ืœ ื›ืœื™ ื”ืจื—ืฆื” ืื ื™ ืฉื ื‘ืชื™ืง ื›ืœื™ ืจื—ืฆื” ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ื’ืžื™ืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื ื™ืœื›ืœื›ื• ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืชื™ืง. ื›ืฉืื ื™ ื ื•ืกืข ืœื ืกื™ืขื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ืื ื™ ืœื ืœื•ืงื— ื›ืžื•ืช ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืฉืžืกืคื™ืง ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืืœ ืจืง ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืืจื‘ืขื” ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืžื—ืคืฉ ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื›ื‘ืก ืืช ื”ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™. ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ืขื™ืจ ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืชื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ืฉ ืžื›ื‘ืกื•ืช ืœื›ื‘ื™ืกื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช ืฉืœื ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื”. ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš, ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืื ื™ ืžืฉืชื“ืœ ืฉื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื™ืžื™ื ืื ื™ ืื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื›ื‘ื™ืกื”. ืœื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืฉื•ื ื” ืœื›ื‘ืก ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ, ื•ื”ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื. ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจืชื™ ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื”, ืื ื™ ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ื›ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื’ืจืชื™ ื•ื ื•ืจืžืœื™, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืงื•ื ื” ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ื•ืžื›ื‘ืก ืœืขืฆืžื™ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื•ืœื ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืขืฆืžื™ ื›ืชื™ื™ืจ ืžืคื•ื ืง. ืœื ืจืง ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืกืš ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื›ืกืฃ, ืืœื ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื™ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ืžืชื—ื›ืš ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืืœื™ื”. 20 ืฆืขื“ื™ื โ€“ ืื™ืš ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืžืœื•ืŸ?
ืœื™ืœ ืฉื™ืฉื™ ืื•ืจ ืœื™"ื˜ ื›ืกืœื•, ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื‘ืœื‘ืขืชื™ื, ืจื•ื‘ื ืžืžื•ืฆื ืœื™ื˜ืื™, ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช, ืฉืขื‘ื•ืจื ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื—ื‘"ื“ ื”ื™ื ืกืžืœ ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ืฅ ื•ื‘ืจืกืœื‘ ื”ื™ื ืกืžืœ ืฉืœ ืžื™ ืฉื”ืฉืชื’ืข, ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืชื ื•ืขืขื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ื™ืงื•ืช ืชื•ืš ืฉื”ื ืฉืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื•ืช ื ื™ื’ื•ืŸ ื—ื‘"ื“ื™ ืฉื—ืœืงื ืœื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื. ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ, ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืงื™ ื•ื•ื“ืงื” ื•ื‘ืจื ื“ื™ ืจื™ืงื™ื. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื’ื•ืŸ ืœื ื™ื’ื•ืŸ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืข ื”ื—ื‘"ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืขืจื‘ ื–ื” ื•ืื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื•, ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ืืžื•ื ื”, ื•ืฉื•ื–ืจ ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืืกืจื• ื•ืฉื—ืจื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ื™ ื”ื–ืงืŸ. ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•, ื›ืžื” ืจืืฉื™ื ื”ื•ืจื›ื ื• ืืœ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืžืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืขื” ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจืช ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ ื—ืฆื•ืช ืœื™ืœ ืœืฆื“ ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ. ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืชื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื—ื‘"ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื“ื™ื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ืืžื•ื ื”, ื•ืขืœ ื’ืื•ืœื” ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘. ืœืžื—ืจืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ืกื™ืคืจืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืชื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืœื—ื‘ืจ, ื”ื•ื ื”ืคื˜ื™ืจ ืœืขื‘ืจื™ ืฉ"ืืชื ืžืกื•ื’ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ืžืคืกืคืกื™ื ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื—ื’ื•ื’ ืขื ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง ืžืฉืงื” ืื• ืื•ื›ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ืœื—ื’ื•ื’ ืขื ื›ืœ ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ืื• ืžืื•ืจืข". ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžืฉืงืœ, ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืขื‘ื•ืจื™, ื›ืžื™ ืฉื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื”ืœื™ื˜ืื™ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืฉ ืจืง ื“ืจืš ืื—ืช ืฉืฉื•ืœืœืช ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘, ืืช ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ืœืžื™ื ื™ื”ื, ืืช ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ื, ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืืช ื—ื‘"ื“ ืื• ื‘ืจืกืœื‘. ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ืฉ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืฉืœื•ืœ ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ืื ื™ ืžืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœื›ื•ืœื ื•ืžื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืœืงื—ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกืชื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื—ืฆืจ ื–ื• ืื• ืื—ืจืช, ืืœื ืœื”ื ื•ืช ืžื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ืžื›ืœ ื”ื—ืฆืจื•ืช. ื™ืžื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื”ืจืฉืช ืกืขืจื”, ื’ื‘ืจืช ื‘ื“ืจื’ืช ืกื"ืœ ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ ืืžืจื” ื‘ืฉื™ื—ืช ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืœื ืฆื™ื’ ืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉื•ื ืืช ื—ืจื“ื™ื ื•ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืชื•, ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ืืžืจื• ื‘ืฉื™ื—ืช ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืฆื™ื’ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืกื—ืจื™ืช ื‘ืขืช ืฉื‘ื™ืจืจื” ืขืœ ืงื‘ืœืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžืื•ืชื” ื—ื‘ืจื”. ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืžืกื—ืจื™ืช ืฉืžืžื ื” ืจืฆืชื” ื”ืงืฆื™ื ื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช, ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืื—ืœื” ืคืจืกื•ืžืช ื‘ืคืจื™ื™ื ื˜ื™ื™ื, ื•ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ืฉื™ื—ืช ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื•ืฉืžืข ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืžื›ืœื™ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื”ืคืš ืœืžื™ื ื™ ืกืœื‘ ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ืžื” ืชืงืฉื•ืจืชื™ืช ื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืขืœ ืชื—ื•ืฉืชื• ื”ืจืขื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื—ื” ื”ืžืคื—ื™ื“ื”. ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ืžืื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืžืœื—ื™ืฆื•ืช ืœื ืื™ื—ืจื• ืœื‘ื•ื, "ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื—ืจื“ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืขื™ื ื—ืฉืฉ: "ื‘ืฆื‘ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉื•ื ืื™ื ืื•ืชื ื•", ื“ื‘ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงืฆื™ื ื” ื”ืžื ืืฆืช, ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืื–ื ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ ืฆื”"ืœ ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืชื™ืจื• ื—ืฉืฉ ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœื™ื—ืก ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ื—ืจื“ื™. ืื—ื™ื™ ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืืชื ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ื, ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืข ืืชื›ื. ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืžื” ืฉืฉื•ื ืืช ืื•ืชื ื• ืื•ืชื” ืงืฆื™ื ื” ืขืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื”ื™ื•ืชื ื• ื—ืจื“ื™ื ื”ื ืืžื ื™ื ืœื”ืฉื ื•ืœืชื•ืจืชื•, ืฉื•ื ืื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ื—ืจื“ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉื“ืจื›ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืฉื ื”ื™ื ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื•ืื™ืœื• ืœืื—ืจื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ื ื•ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืงืจื ื—ืจื“ื™ื. ื”ืฉื ืื” ื”ื’ื•ื‘ืจืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืœื’ื™ื ื•ืชืชื™ ืคืœื’ื™ื ื—ืžื•ืจื” ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื“ืื™ื’ ืื•ืชื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืžื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืงืฆื™ื ื” ืฉืœื ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ืช ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื›ืœื•ื ืžืœื‘ื“ ืืช ืขืฆืžื”.
ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื, ืงื•ืจืงื™ื ื˜ ื—ืฉืžืœื™ ื•ืกื’ื•ื•ืื™ ื”ืคื›ื• ืžื–ืžืŸ ืœื—ืœืง ืžื”ื ื•ืฃ ื”ืื•ืจื‘ื ื™ ืฉืœื ื• โ€“ ื•ื‘ืฆื“ืง. ืžืฆื•ืงืช ื”ื—ื ื™ื”, ื”ืคืงืงื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืงืจ ื”ืžื—ื™ื” ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืœื›ืš ืฉืœื ืžืขื˜ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืœื”ืฆื˜ื™ื™ื“ ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ื•ืœื ืœื”ื–ื“ืงืง ืœื—ืกื“ื™ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ืื• ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื›ื‘ื“ื•ืช. ืื– ืžืชื™ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื”? ืงื•ืจืงื™ื ื˜ ื•ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื: ืžื” ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื™ื•ื? ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืื ื• ืขื“ื™ื ืœืชื•ืคืขื” ืฉื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ืžืชืคืชื—ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ ื–ื”, ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื”ื•ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ืžืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื”ืฉื›ืจื” ื”ืžืฆื™ืขื•ืช ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืœื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืงื•ืจืงื™ื ื˜ ื•ืืคื ื™ื ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืฉ ื“ืŸ. ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืžืชืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืœืฃ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืœื ื›ืœืœื™ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ื•ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื โ€“ ื ื•ืฆืจ ื›ืื•ืก. ื•ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ. ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื ืชืงืœื™ื ื‘ืจื•ื›ื‘ื™ ืงื•ืจืงื™ื ื˜ ืžืžื•ื ืข ื”ืžืชืคืจืฆื™ื ืœื›ื™ื›ืจ ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืฉื”ื ื ื’ื“ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื•ืœื ืžืขื˜ ืจื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื ืคื’ืขื™ื ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš โ€“ ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืกื›ื ืช ื—ื™ื™ื. ื”ื—ืœ ืžืฉื ืช 2015 ืขืช ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืœ ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืืœื”, ื•ืขื“ ืขืชื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื”ื•ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ื’ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืช, ื”ืžื‘ื™ืื•ืช ืœื™ื“ื™ ืคืฆื™ืขื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ืืฃ ื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ ืื“ื. ื›ืš ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ื ื•ื›ื—ื ื• ื‘2018 ืœืžืงืจื” ื”ื˜ืจื’ื™ ืฉืœ ืžื•ืช ืืจื™ ื ืฉืจ ื–"ืœ ื‘ืชืื•ื ืช ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ืžื—ืจื™ื“ื”, ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืคืฆื™ืขืชื” ื”ืงืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ืช ืฉืœื•ืžื™ืช ืžืœื›ื” ื‘ืชืื•ื ืช ืงื•ืจืงื™ื ื˜ ืชืคืกื” ืžืงื•ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช. ื•ืื›ืŸ, ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ื•ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืชื™ื”, ืงื‘ืข ื”ืžื—ื•ืงืง ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืชืงื ื•ืช ืฉืžื˜ืจืชืŸ ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืงื•ืจืงื™ื ื˜ ื”ื—ืฉืžืœื™ ื•ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื. ืžื” ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—ื•ืงืงื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื‘? ื›ืคื™ ืฉืฆื™ื™ื ื• ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ, ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืœืื’ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ื•ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืชื™ื”, ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—ื•ืงืงื” ืžืกืคืจ ืชืงื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืงื•ืจืงื™ื ื˜ ื”ื—ืฉืžืœื™ ื•ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื. ืขืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ โ€“ ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืชืขื‘ื•ืจื”. ืœื ืžืขื˜ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืื• ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ ืื’ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœื™ , ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืœื ื—ืœื™ื ืขืœื™ื• , ื–ื” ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืจืงื™ื ื˜, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืฆื™ื™ืช ืœืจืžื–ื•ืจื™ื, ืชืžืจื•ืจื™ื ื•ืœืชืช ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื“ื™ืžื” ืœื”ื•ืœื›ื™ ืจื’ืœ ืื• ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ืื– ืžื” ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช? ื”ืกืคืงโ€“ ื”ืกืคืง ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ืขื“ 250. ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช- ืืกื•ืจ ืฉืžื”ื™ืจื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืจืงื™ื ื˜ ืชืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื”-25 ืงืž"ืฉ. ืžืฉืงืœ- ืžืฉืงืœ ื”ืงื•ืจืงื™ื ื˜ ืœื ื™ืขืœื” ืขืœ 30 ืง"ื’. ื’ื™ืœ- ื’ื™ืœื• ื”ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืจื•ื›ื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช 16. ืงืกื“ื”-ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื—ื‘ื•ืฉ ืงืกื“ื”. ืืคื•ื“ ื–ื•ื”ืจ-ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืืคื•ื“ ื–ื•ื”ืจ. ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ-ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ื“ื‘ื™ืง ืžื“ื‘ืงื” ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ืจืงื™ื ื˜, ื”ืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ืืช ืžืกืคืจื• ื”ืกื™ื“ื•ืจื™, ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืชื• ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ืช, ืžืฉืงืœื• ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื’ื‘ืœืช ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ื”. ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืขื™ื•ื ื™โ€“ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืชืื•ืจื™ื” ืข"ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™. ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• , ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ื“ืจืš, ื•ืœืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ืื•ืคื ื™ื ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ื, ืฉื ืกืœืœื• ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื›ืœืœ ืจื•ื›ื‘ื™ ื”ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืงื•ืจืงื™ื ื˜, ืœืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืฆื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื”, ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืœืกื›ืŸ ืืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื›ื‘ ื•ืœื”ืื˜ ืืช ื”ืชื ื•ืขื”.ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืœื ืœืจื›ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืœื”ื•ืœื›ื™ ืจื’ืœ. ืขื•ื“ ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืœืžื•ืขื“? ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ, ืืš ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืจืื™ื” ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืžืชื—ื“ืฉ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื”ืžื’ืžื” ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื•ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื ืงื™, ื•ื”ืคืงืงื™ื ืืฉืจ ืžื˜ืจื™ื“ื™ื ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ื•, ืœื ืžืŸ ื”ื ืžื ืข ืฉื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื•ื’ื•ืฉ ื“ืŸ, ืชื•ืชืจ ืจืง ื ืกื™ืขืช ืื•ืคื ื™ื ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื ื•ืงื•ืจืงื™ื ื˜, ื•ื›ืŸ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช. ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืชืงื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉื—ื•ืงืงื• ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืงื•ืจืงื™ื ื˜ ื•ื”ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื”ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื? ืคื ื• ืืœื™ื ื• ื•ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืฉื•ื—ื— ืขื ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืชืขื‘ื•ืจื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืฉื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช.
ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœืคื•ืกื˜: "ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืง ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืืœ ื”ืฉื•ืง" ืžืืช "ื“ื ื™" ืžืืช ื“ื ื™ ื•ืขื•ื“ื“ ~ 23 ื‘ืžืื™, 2020. ื‘ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื™ืช: ื‘ื™ืจื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉืคื•ื™, ื”ื’ื™ื’ื™ื, ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื. ืื—ืจื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื—ื–ืจื ื• ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื”ืงืœื•ืช ืœื‘ืงืจ ื‘ืฉื•ืง. ืœืœื ืชื™ืื•ื ืžื•ืงื“ื ื•ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื‘ืžืงืจื”, ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ืงืจื• ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžื—ื ื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ื‘ื›ืจืžืœ. ื”ืจื™ ื”ืชืจืฉืžื•ืชื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืฉื™ื’ืจื”. ื–ื• ื”ืชืงื”ืœื•ืช ืื• ื”ืชื’ื•ื“ื“ื•ืช? ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉืœื ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื ื—ื–ืจื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื”ื™ื• ืขื™ื™ืคื™ื ืœืขืžื•ืกื”. ืžืื™ื“ืš, ืงืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ื—ื ื™ื” ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœืฉื•ืง. ื”ืฉื•ืง ื›ื•ืœื• ืžื’ื•ื“ืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื–ืœื™ื ื•ืขืœ ื”ืคืชื—ื™ื ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื“ื—ื•ืžืื™ื ื ื—ื•ืฉื™ื. ื—ืœืง ื ื›ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืžื‘ืงืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืง ืขื•ื˜ื™ื ืžืกื›ื•ืช, ื—ืœืงื ืœื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื“ื•ื›ื ื™ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœื. ืœื ื›ื™ืฃ ืœื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ืขื ืžืกื™ื›ื” ื•ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืœื ื‘ืฉืจื‘ ื”ื–ื”. ืขืœ ืืฃ ื”ื—ื•ื ื”ืžื›ื‘ื™ื“, ื”ื™ื” ื ืขื™ื ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืจืžืœ, ืื ื›ื™ ืžืขื˜ ืขืฆื•ื‘ ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื•ื›ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืชื™ ืขืกืง ืกื’ื•ืจื™ื. ื™ืฆื ืœื ื• ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืคืจืกื•ืžื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื•ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉื—ืœืง ืžื”ืขืกืงื™ื ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืžืฉืœื•ื—ื™ื ืื• ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืช "ืงื— ื–ืืช ื‘ืขืฆืžืš". "ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืกื’ืจื ื•โ€, ืืžืจ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืžื—ื”, โ€œื–ื” ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ". ื‘ืฉืขื” ืขืฉืจ ืคื—ื•ืช ื—ืฆื™ ืžื•ืกื™ ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื”ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืจื™ืก ื•ืืฆืœ ืจื•ืกืชื•ื ื ืจืื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื ื•ืช ืœืคืชื™ื—ืช ื”ื‘ืจ ืฉืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื—ื ื•ืช, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื˜ื™ื’ื•ืŸ ืขืจืžื” ืขื ืงื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืฆืœ. ืžืฉืžื— ื”ื™ื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืžืขืžื“. ื”ื“ื•ื“ื” ืขื ื”ืœื—ื•ื— ื™ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ืคื™ื ืชื” ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ื•ื›ืฉืขื•ื“ื“ ืขื‘ืจ ืฉื ืขืœ ืงืฆื•ืช ื”ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช, ื”ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื’ืขืจื” ื‘ืœืงื•ื— ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืงื ื” ืขื•ื“ ืงืฆืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืกึดืคืชื—. ื›ืฉื—ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฉืชื•ืช! ืฉื•ืงืฉื•ืงื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืกื’ื•ืจื” ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ื”ืžื ื–ืจ, ืฉื ื™ ื“ื•ื›ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ื–ืืจ ื•ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืกืขื“ื•ืช ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืคืชื—ื• ื“ืœืชื•ืชื™ื”ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ, ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืืชื’ืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืคืช ื‘ื™ืจื” ืงืจื” ืžื”ื—ื‘ื™ืช. ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ืžืฆื ืขื•ื“ื“ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืžื ื–ืจ, ื‘ืงืคื” ืขืžืœื™ื”. ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืืกื•ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœืฉื‘ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืืชื” ืžื–ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืžืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœื™ืฉ ื›ื•ืก (ืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื”ืจืข ื‘ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ื•โ€ฆ) ื‘ื™ืจื” ื ื’ื‘ ื›ื”ื” ื•ืงืจื” ื‘-15 ืฉ"ื—ื™ื. ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ื”ืกืชื“ืจื” ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืขื ื”ื‘ื•ืจืงืก ื”ื—ื ื•ื”ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉืขื•ื“ ืžืขื˜ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืื•ืœื™. ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ืœื” ื”ืื™ื ื“ื™ืื ื™ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื’ืจ ืื’ืจ ืฉืื‘ื ืงื ื” ื‘ืฉื•ืง. ืกื•ื›ืจื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืžื™ ื™ืฆืื• ื‘ืžืจืงื ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื˜ืขื ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืง-ื—ื ืงืจ. ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื”ืฉืจื˜ื•ื˜, ืื ื›ืš. ืขื•ื“ ื—ื–ืจื• ืžื”ืฉื•ืง ืฉืœืœ ื—ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ื”ื•ื“ื™ื, ื‘ื•ื˜ื ื™ื ืžืฆื•ืคื™ื ื•ื•ืกืื‘ื™, ื‘ื•ื˜ื ื™ื ืžืฆื•ืคื™ื ืฉืจื™ืžืคืก ืฉื ืจื›ืฉื• ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช, ืชื” ื™ืกืžื™ืŸ ื•ืคืœืคืœื™ื ื—ืจื™ืคื™ื ืื—ื•ืฉืœื•ืงื™ ืžื”ื“ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืืคืจื™ืงืื™. ื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืงืœื” ืฉื•ืจืฆืช ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ืฉืžื•ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ืงืจื” ื”ื“ื•ืงื” ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกื•ืช ืœืฉื•ืง ืœื ืขืฉื• ื—ืฉืง ืจื‘. ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืงืœื” ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืœื•"ื– ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ื•ื›ื ืจืื” ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืฆืคื•ืคื”, ื ืขืฉื” ื”ืžืขืฉื”. ื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ื™ืชื” ื ืขื™ืžื” ืœืžื“ื™. ื”ื™ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉืคืข ืžืงื•ื, ื›ื™ ื›ื ืจืื” ื™ืฉื ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกื•ืช ืœืฉื•ืง ืื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืฆื‘ื• ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ื ืขื ืžื•ื“ื“ืื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื—ื™ืฉ ืงืœื”. ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื ื”ื›ื‘ื“ โ€“ ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ื’ืœืœื•, ื”ื™ื” ื ืขื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืง. ืื™ืŸ ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื•ืื™ืŸ ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื โ€“ ืฉืชื™ ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืฉืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื›ื ืจืื” ืื—ืช ืœืฉื ื™ื”. ื“ื•ื›ื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืกื’ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ ืจื•ื‘ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœ. ื‘ืฉื•ืœื™ ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ืคื›ื• ืืช ืžืกืขื“ืช ืฆืžื— ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ื ื™ื•ื“ื” ืœืžืขื“ื ื™ื”, ืื™ืฉื˜ื‘ื— ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžืฉืœื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ืงืจื™ื™ื‘. ื‘ืฉื•ืง ืขืฆืžื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื ื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืขืžื™ื“ื”. ื“ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืคืœืืคืœ ื”ืขืชื™ืง ืฉื‘ืคื™ื ืช ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื”ืคืชื•ื— ื•ืื’ืจื™ืคืก ืกื™ืคืง ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ ืคืœืืคืœ ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืขื ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืงืฆืช ืขื™ื™ืคื•ืช. ืงืฉื” ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื‘ื™ืจื”. ื”ื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ื–ืืจ, ื”ืื˜ืฅ' ื•ืืชืจื™ ืฉืชื™ื” ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื ืขื•ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืžืกื’ืจ ื•ื‘ืจื™ื—. ืจื•ืกื˜ืจืก ืื•ืžื ื ื”ื™ื” ืคืชื•ื—, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืคื™ืจื ื›ื ืจืื” ื ืคืœื• ืœืžืฉื›ื‘ ื•ื‘ื‘ืจื–ื™ื ื ื•ืชืจื• ืจืง ืฉืชื™ ืœื-ื‘ื™ืจื•ืช. ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื ืžืฆืื• ืฉืชื™ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื–ื™ ื”ื“ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื–ืจ ืฉื ื™ืฆื‘ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื” ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื‘ืžืื™ ื”ืื’ื“ื™. ื”-IPA ืงืจืฆื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื•ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืฉื”ื—ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืœืื” ืงืฆืฃ, ืื‘ืœ ืฉืžื— ืœืžื–ื•ื’ ืชื•ืš ื”ืกืจืชื• ื”ืžืชืžื“ืช. "ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื ื•ื™ ืขืœ ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืื™ืŸ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช. ื ืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื ืจืื” ืžื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขื ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืœื™ืœื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ื‘ื ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืคืชื•ื—." ืฉืžื—ืช ื”ืœืงื•ื— ืฉืœื• ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืžื—ื” ืืช ื”ืžื•ื–ื’ ื•ื ืคืจื“ื ื• ื›ื™ื“ื™ื“ื™ื. ื›ื•ืก ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง ืฉืœ ื—ืฆื™ ื‘ื™ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ 20 โ‚ช ื–ื• ืžืฆื™ืื” ื’ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืจื’ื™ืœ. ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืจืคืกื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืื‘ื™ื ื’ื ืจื™ื™ื ืกื’ื•ืจื™ื, ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืคื™ื ื•ืช ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื•ืœืฉืชื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ. ืžื•ื›ืจ ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ื‘ื’ื™ ืฉืžื— ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืœืงื•ื— ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™, ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ืฉื•ืงืื™ื ื—ืกืจื™ ื”ืžืกื™ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช. ืขืฉื‘ื™ ืชื™ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ืชืคื–ื•ืจืช (5 ื‘-10 ืฉ"ื—), ืคื•ืœ ื˜ืจื™, ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืจื™ ื•ืคืืงื•ืก โ€“ ืืœื” ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืจื‘ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื‘ืกื•ืคืจ ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™ ืื• ื‘ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืžืกื—ืจื™, ืฉื–ื‘ื ื™ื”ืŸ ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื—ืžื™ืฆื•ืช ืงื™ื•ืžื™ืช. ืกืจื“ื™ื ื™ื ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืžืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ื˜ื— ืœืžืฆื•ื ืจืง ื‘ืฉื•ืง (ื•ื’ื ืฉื ื–ื” ืœื ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืืœื™ื•). ื’ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื—ื–ืจื” ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื ืฆืคื•ืคื” ื‘ืขืœื™ืœ. ื”ื”ื—ืžืฆื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื ืจืฉืžื” ืขื ื”ืžืืคื™ื” ื”ื‘ื•ื›ืจื™ืช: ื”ื™ืชื” ืคืชื•ื—ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ืืœ, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืกื’ืจื• ืืช ื”ืชืจื™ืก. ืกื—ืชื™ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืชื™ืžื™ืŸ! ื”ืกืคืงืชื™ ืœื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืžืœืื™ ืขืฉื‘ื™ ื”ื‘ืจ ืจื’ืข ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื ื”ืฉืจื‘ ื•ื—ืจืš ื”ื›ืœ.
ื—ื’ ื”ืคืกื— ืžืชืงืจื‘ ื•ื‘ื: ื–ื” ืื•ืžื ื ืžื›ื•ื ื” "ื—ื’ ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ืช" ืื‘ืœ ื”ื—ื’ ืžื‘ื™ื ืขืžื• ืฉืคืข ืฉืœ ื˜ืจื“ื•ืช ื•ืชื—ื•ืฉืช "ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช" ืžื“ืื’ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื” ื ื‘ืฉืœ? ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ืืจื— ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื? ื•ืขื“ ื”ืื ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง ื ืงื™? ื•ื”ืื ื ืกืคื™ืง ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืชื ื•ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœืงื ื•ืช? ืœืžืฉืœ, ืžื”ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื’ ื”ืžื•ืœื“ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื”ื—ื’ ืขืฆืžื•, ื›ืฉื“ืื’ืชืŸ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืœื ื ื”ื ื™ื ืžื”ื—ื’. ื”ื—ืจื“ื” ืžืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื—ื’ื™ื ื•ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ื—ื’ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ, ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœื™ื ื“ืจืš ื•ื•ื™ื›ื•ื—ื™ื ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื”ื—ื’ ื•ืขื“ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืขืฆืžื”. ืื– ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื’ ื‘ืจื•ื’ืข ื•ืืฃ ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื”ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืช? ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืืœ ืชืงื—ื• ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื›ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืคื™ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืฉืืช ื•ื”ืืฆื™ืœื• ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ื™ื—ื•ืœืงื• ืฉื•ื•ื” ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื” ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื™ืงื—ื• ื—ืœืง ื‘ื—ื’ื™ื’ื•ืช โ€“ ื›ืœ ื™ืœื“, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืื—ืจืื™ ืขืœ ื ื™ืงื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืจ ืฉืœื•, ืขืœ ืฉืื™ื‘ืช ืื‘ืง ืื• ืฉื˜ื™ืคืช ื”ืจืฆืคื•ืช, ืขืœ ืงื™ืœื•ืฃ ื”ื™ืจืงื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืื• ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืœืงืจืืช ืขืจื‘ ื”ื—ื’. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ื’ื ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื ื” ืื—ืช ืœืกืขื•ื“ื” ื•ื›ืš ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื”ื›ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืžื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืชืืžื• ืœื˜ืขื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืกื•ืขื“. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื ืกื• ืœื‘ืฉืœ ืžื˜ืขืžื™ื ืฉืืชื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืžืœื‘ื“ ืžื˜ืขืžื™ ื”ื—ื’ ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื™ื, ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืงื™ ื™ื™ืŸ ืื• ืžืฉืงืื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืคื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”. ื ืกื• ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ื’ื ืžื”ื”ื›ื ื•ืช ืขืฆืžืŸ: ืœื”ืฉืžื™ืข ืžื•ืกื™ืงื” ืื”ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืจืงืข ื‘ืขืช ืžืœืื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ, ืœื ืฉื•ื ืืช ื”ื ื™ื—ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืคืœืื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื›ืœื™ื ืื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื•ืœืื—ืœ ื—ื’ ืฉืžื— ืœืžื™ ืฉืืชื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื”ืชื ื”ืœ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื ื™ื ื•ื—ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืžื•ืคื—ืชืช ื“ืื’ื•ืช ืœืงืจืืช ื”ื—ื’ ื•ื‘ื—ื’ ืขืฆืžื•? ืจืกืงื™ื• ืจืžื“ื™ ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืœื—ื•ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื’ืฉื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ื ื•ื’ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื—ื’.
ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ื‘ื ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ื™ืคืชื™ืข ืืช ืžื™ ืฉื’ื“ืœ ืœืฆื“ ื›ืžื” ืื—ื™ื ื•ืื—ื™ื•ืช, ืืš ื”ื”ื™ืงืคื™ื ื”ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื›ืŸ. ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืงื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื—ื™ื ื•ืžืฆืื• ืฉื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื— ืื—ื“ ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืฆื“ ื”ืื—ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื, ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขื•ืžืช ืืœื” ืฉื’ื“ืœื• ืจืง ืขื ืื— ืื—ื“. ืžื™ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืืœื™ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื• ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจื™ื. "ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื ืชืคืกืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ื—ืœืง ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืื ืฉื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืจืื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืš, ื›ืžื• ื‘ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช, ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช", ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื“ื™ื˜ืจ ื•ื•ืœืงื”, ื”ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื ื˜ ืžืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื•ื•ืจื•ื•ื™ืง ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ืคืจืกื ืืช ืชื•ืฆืื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื’ื•ื“ื” ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ืœืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”. ื•ื•ืœืงื” ื•ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื• ืจืฆื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ืœื‘ืจื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื—ื™ื ื•ื‘ื—ื ื• ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื, ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช ื•ืžื–ื’ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื. ืœืฉื ื›ืš ื ื™ืชื—ื• ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื—ืงืจ ืืจื•ืš ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืฉื›ืœืœ 6,838 ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืœื“ื• ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-90. ื”ื ื”ื’ื“ื™ืจื• ื‘ืจื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื—ื™ื ื›ื”ืชืขืœืœื•ืช ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช (ืœืžืฉืœ, ืืžื™ืจืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื’ืขื™ืœื™ื ืื• ืคื•ื’ืขื™ื), ื”ืชืขืœืœื•ืช ืคื™ื–ื™ืช (ืœืžืฉืœ, ืคื’ื™ืขื”, ื‘ืขื™ื˜ื” ืื• ื“ื—ื™ืคื”) ืื• ื”ืชืขืœืœื•ืช ืจื’ืฉื™ืช (ืœืžืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืœืžื•ืช ืžืื— ืื• ืื—ื•ืช, ืฉืงืจื™ื ืื• ื”ืคืฆืช ืฉืžื•ืขื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ื). ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื ื‘ื“ืงื• ืžืกืคืจ ืคืขืžื™ื ื”ืชื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืื• ืœื”ืฆืงื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืื• ืฉื”ื™ื• ืืœื” ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืขื• ืื•ืชื” ื•ื˜ื™ื‘ ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื—ื™ื. ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืžืฆืื• ืฉื›-28 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื“ืงื• ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ื™ื• ื—ืœืง ืžืชืื™ื ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืจื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื—ื™ื, ื›ืฉื”ืชืขืœืœื•ืช ื ืคืฉื™ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื”. ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื•ืžื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ื”ืžื ื‘ืื™ื ื”ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื–ืืช. ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉืจ ืœืžืฆื‘ ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืื• ืœืžืฆื‘ ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื•-ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™. "ื‘ืจื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉื›ื™ื—ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ื’ื“ืœื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืื• ื”ืื—ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื• ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื", ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื‘ืžืืžืจ. ื”ื ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืฉืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื•ืจื™ืช ืื• ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ. "ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื™ื, ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื ืขื™ื ืžืื•ืชืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช. ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ื™ืื‘ื“ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืขื ืœื™ื“ืช ืื—ื™ื• ื•ื–ื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื—ื™ื ืขืœ ืื•ืชื ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื™ื ื•ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช". ื•ื•ืœืงื” ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืžืžืฆืื™ื ืืœื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ื™ืขืจืš ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ืžืจื—ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”. "ื”ื ื™ื‘ื™ื ื• ืื™ืš ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื•ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ื‘ื•ื’ืจ ื•ื›ืš ื™ื“ืื’ื• ืžืจืืฉ ืœื–ืžืŸ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืขื ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืื• ืขื ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืœืฉื™ืชื•ืคื ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืื—ื™ื ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื".
ืœืคืจื—ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืงืกื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ื”ื ืžืฉืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ืฉืœื•ื•ื” ื•ืจื•ื’ืข, ื•ืžืฉืžื—ื™ื ืืช ืœื‘ื ื•. ื›ืš ืฉื’ื ืื ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื™ื•ื ืจืข ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืคืจื—ื™ื ื”ืฆื•ืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืื“ื ื™ืช ืื• ื”ืคื•ืจื—ื™ื ื‘ืื’ืจื˜ืœ, ื•ืœื”ืชืขื•ื“ื“ ืžืขื˜. ืืš ื”ืคืจื—ื™ื ื”ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš. ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื”ืคืจื—ื™ื ืžืกืžืœื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืฉืคื” ืกื•ื“ื™ืช. ื›ืš ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ืคืจื—ื™ื ืœืื“ื ืื”ื•ื‘, ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืœืคืจื—ื™ื ืฉืืชื ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื. ื”ื•ื•ืจื“ โ€“ ื–ื”ื• ืคืจื— ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืžื™ื ื•, ื›ืืฉืจ ื›ืœ ืฆื‘ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื— ืžืกืžืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ. ื›ืš ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื”ื•ื•ืจื“ ื”ืื“ื•ื ืžืกืžืœ ืชืฉื•ืงื” ื•ื”ืื”ื‘ื”, ื”ื•ื•ืจื“ ื”ื•ื•ืจื•ื“ ืžืกืžืœ ื™ื•ืคื™ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื•ืจื“ ืฆื”ื•ื‘ ืžืกืžืœ ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช. ืœื™ืœืš โ€“ ืคืจื— ื–ื” ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืคื™ื•, ื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืฃ ื ืงืจืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื–ื”. ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžืกืžืœ ื”ืคืจื— ื ื™ืฆื ื™ ืื”ื‘ื”, ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืœืื”ื‘ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื”. ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ โ€“ ืคืจื— ื™ืคื”ืคื” ื”ืžืกืžืœ ืื”ื‘ื” ื ืฆื—ื™ืช. ืคืจื—ื™ ืฉืงื“ื™ื™ื” โ€“ ืคืจื—ื™ื ื•ืจื•ื“ื™ื-ืœื‘ื ื™ื ืืœื” ื”ืคื•ืจื—ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืฉื‘ื˜, ืžืกืžืœื™ื ืชืงื•ื•ื”. ืจืื™ื ื• ื›ื™ ืคืจื— ืื—ื“ ืฉื•ื•ื” ืืœืฃ ืžื™ืœื™ื. ื•ืื›ืŸ, ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืคืจื—ื™ื ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืขืœ ืžื”ืžืกืจ ืฉืœื”ื, ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืื ื”ืฉื•ืœื— ืขืฆืžื• ื™ืงืจ ืœืœื‘ื. ืคืจื—ื™ื ื‘ืคืชื— ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืขื™ืจ ืื—ืจืช ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืชื•ื ื•ืช, ื™ืžื™ ื”ื•ืœื“ืช, ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื•ื‘ืช ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื™ืœื” ื•ืขื•ื“. ืื‘ืœ ื”ืคืจื—ื™ื ื”ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš. ื›ื™ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืฉืžื—ื” ืฉื”ื ืžื‘ื™ืขื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื›ื•ื— ื•ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืจื‘ื”. ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœ, ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืคืจื—ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืกืœื™ื—ื”. ืืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ื•ื›ื—ื• ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื” ืื• ืฆืžื“ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืžืจื™ื‘ื” ืงืฉื”. ื”ืคืจื—ื™ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืฉื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื ื—ื. ืื™ืš ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืคืจื—ื™ื? ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืžื“ื•ืข ืืชื ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืžืฉืœื•ื—ื™ ืคืจื—ื™ื ืขืคื•ืœื”. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืžืกื™ื‘ืช ื”ืคืชืขื”, ืื™ืจื•ืข ืขืกืงื™ ืื• ื—ืชื•ื ื”. ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคื ื™ื, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืจื—ื™ื ืœืกื•ื’ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข. ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœ, ืคืจื—ื™ื ืกืกื’ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ืชืื™ืžื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืื™ืจื•ืข ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื›ืžื• ื—ืชื•ื ื”, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืคืจื—ื™ื ื‘ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืจื’ื•ืขื™ื ื™ืชืื™ืžื• ืœืื™ืจื•ืข ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™ ื›ืžื• ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช. ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืคืจื—ื™ื ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ืืš ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ื–ืจ ื”ื–ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ? ื›ืืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ื” ื ื›ื ืกืช ืœืชืžื•ื ื” ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื, ืืฉืจ ื ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืœื™ืง ืื—ื“. ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืชืœื‘ื˜ื™ื? ื ืกื• ืืช ื”ืืชืจ ื•ืชืจืื• ื›ืžื” ืงืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื‘ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ. ื›ืชื‘ื” ื–ื• ื”ื•ืคืงื” ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืžืงื•ืžื•ื ื˜ โ€“ ืงื ื™ื™ืช ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื.
ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื ืคื•ืฉ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ื”ืคืกื˜ื•ืจืœื™ืช, ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื, ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื™ื” ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื”, ืฉืžื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืงืกื•ืžื•ืช ื•ืฉืœืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœื™ื ื”, ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืฆื™ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื’ืœื™ืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืžื™ ืฉืžื’ื“ืœ ื›ืœื‘ ื™ื•ื“ืข ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืงืฉื•ืช ืœืžืฆื•ื ืฆื™ืžืจ ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืขื ื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื—ืžื“, ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืขื ื›ืœื‘ื ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ ืื• ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืื•ืชื• ืœืคื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื”. ืœื›ืŸ, ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื“ืขืช ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืฆืืช ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื›ืœื‘, ื•ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืืชืจื™ ืงืžืคื™ื ื’, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืืชืจ ืฆื™ืžืจ ืขื ื›ืœื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ ื”ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืขืœ ืืจื‘ืข ืœื ืคื•ืฉ ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื›ืœื‘ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื—ืคืฉ ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื“ื•ื’ ืกื™ื˜ืจ ืื• ืคื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืชื™. ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžื’ื“ืœ ื›ืœื‘ื™ื ืงืฉื•ืจ ืืœื™ื”ื ื•ืœืจื•ื‘ ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืชืคืฉืจ ืขืœ ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืœืœื ื”ื›ืœื‘ ื”ืื”ื•ื‘. ื›ืœื‘ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืžื‘ื™ื ืฉืžื—ื” ืจื‘ื”, ืชื•ืจื ืœืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ืฉืžื—ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืจืขื™ืฃ ืื”ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ื•, ืœืœื ืชื ืื™ื. ืœื›ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืคืœื ื›ื™ ืžื’ื“ืœื™ ื”ื›ืœื‘ื™ื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื ืคื•ืฉ ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืฉืืจ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืจืง ื‘ืฆื™ืžืจ ืฉืžืงื‘ืœ ื›ืœื‘ื™ื. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆืืช ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืขื ื”ื›ืœื‘ ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฆื™ืžืจ ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ ืœื›ืœื‘ื™ื, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืื•ืจื—ื™ื ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื›ืœื‘ื ื”ืื”ื•ื‘, ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ื•ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืคืจื™ืข ืœืฉืืจ ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื›ืœื‘ื™ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื ื•ื— ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ืฆืžื•ื“ื™ื ืœื‘ืขืœื™ื”ื, ื•ื™ื“ื•ืข ื›ื™ ื›ืœื‘ื™ื ืฉื ืฉืืจื™ื ื‘ืคื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืกื‘ื•ืœ ืžื›ืื‘ ืœื‘ ื•ืžื’ืขื’ื•ืขื™ื ืขื–ื™ื, ืœืกืจื‘ ืœืื•ื›ืœ ื•ืœืฉืชื™ื™ื” ื•ืœื—ื•ืฉ ื ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ืฉืื™ืจื• ืื•ืชื ืžืื—ื•ืจ. ืžืื– ื”ืขืช ื”ืขืชื™ืงื” ื”ื›ืœื‘ ื”ืคืš ืœื—ื‘ืจื• ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื—ื•ืคืฉื•ืช ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•. ื›ืš ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช, ื•ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ืง ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื ื—ื•ืฆื™ื ื’ื ืœื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื—ืžื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืจื•ืง ืื ืจื’ื™ื•ืช, ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื›ื•ืฉืจ, ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืจื™ื—ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ืœื ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื. ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืขื ื›ืœื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื ื“ืจืš ื ืคืœืื” ืœื‘ืœื•ืช ื™ื—ื“ ื•ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื•ืจื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืข, ื”ื›ืœื‘ ื’ื ืฉื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ื• ืœื›ืŸ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื‘ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื. ืžืื—ืจ ื•ื™ืฉื ื ืฆื™ืžืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืกืจื‘ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื›ืœื‘ื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืœื—ืคืฉ ื‘ืื™ื ื“ืงืกื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฆื™ืžืจ ืขื ื›ืœื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ, ืื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืื–ื•ืจ ืื—ืจ. ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืจื•ืง ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืจืง ืฆื™ืžืจ ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ ืœื›ืœื‘ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืขืจื™ื ืงืฉื™ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืชืจื™ื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœืงื—ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืงื•ื ืขื ื›ืœื‘, ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืกื™ืจื•ื‘ ืžื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืœืœื•ืŸ ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื—ืžื“. ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ืฆื™ืžืจ ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ืžื“ ื”ื™ื ืœืฉืื•ืœ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืžื™ ืžื›ื™ืจ ืฆื™ืžืจ ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ื ื” ืขื ื›ืœื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืฆืคื•ืŸ. ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื›ืœื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื”, ืงื•ืœื’ื•ืช ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ื›ืœื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื ืืชื ื•ืžืจื‘ื™ื ืœื ืคื•ืฉ ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื’ื ืžืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืงืœ ืœืืชืจ ืฆื™ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื’ืœื™ืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืืฉืจ ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืืฉืจ ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืืฉืจ ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืขื ื›ืœื‘ื™ื, ืืš ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื’ืœื•ืฉ ืœืืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ืžืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงืจื•ื ื”ืื ื”ืžืงื•ื ืžืชืื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ื•ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื—ืžื“ ืฉืœื›ื, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ื›ื™ ื”ื›ืœื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืฆื™ืžืจ ื•ืœื ืจืชื•ื ืœืฉืจืฉืจืช ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื‘ื’ื™ื ื”. ืขื ืฃ ื”ืฆื™ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืžืชืคืชื— ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™ื, ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืฆื™ืžืจื™ื ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ื— ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื ื•ื›ืกืฃ ืจื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืœื ื•ืคืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ื•ืžืคื ืงืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ื›ืกืคื™ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืฆื™ืžืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืืคืฉืจ ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืขื ื›ืœื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืœื”ื ืฉื”ื›ืœื‘ ื™ืขืฉื” ื ื–ืง ืœืจื™ื”ื•ื˜ ื”ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™, ืœื’ื™ื ื” ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคื—ืช ืื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื— ื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ืœื” ื•ื™ื”ื•ื•ื” ืžื˜ืจื“ ืœืฉืืจ ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœืžืชื—ื ื”ื ื•ืคืฉ. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืฆื™ืžืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ ื›ืœื‘ื™ื ืžื•ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ื ื•ืคืฉื™ื, ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ื— ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช ื’ื ืœื›ืœื‘ื™ื, ื•ื›ืš ื›ื•ืœื ืžืื•ืฉืจื™ื. ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื“ืขืช ื›ื™ ื‘ืื™ื ื“ืงืกื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืœืื™ืชื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ื–ืžื ืช ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื‘ืฆื™ืžืจื™ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืกื ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืงืœื™ืง ืžื”ื™ืจ ื•ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžืชืื™ื ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืจืง ืฉืœ ืฆื™ืžืจื™ื ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืœื›ืœื‘ื™ื. ืœืื—ืจ ืกื™ื ื•ืŸ ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘-2 ืขื“ 3 ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืœืฆื™ืžืจื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ื›ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืขื ื›ืœื‘ื™ื. ื‘ืฉื™ื—ืช ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืขื ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืฆื™ืžืจ ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื‘ืจืจ ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื›ื™ ื”ืฆื™ืžืจ ืื›ืŸ ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ ืœื›ืœื‘ื™ื, ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื ืœืœื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ื— ื•ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื”ืื ื™ืฉื ื ื›ืœื‘ื™ ืฉืžื™ืจื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื, ืชื ื™ื ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”.
ืฉื•ืคื˜ ืคื“ืจืœื™ ื”ื—ืœ ืืชืžื•ืœ (ืฉื ื™) ืืช ื”ืœื™ืš ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืฉืœืคื ื™ื”ื ื™ืชืงื™ื™ื ืžืฉืคื˜ื• ืฉืœ ื’'ื•ื—ืืจ ืฆืจื ืื™ื™ื‘, ื”ืžื•ืืฉื ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืคื™ื’ื•ืข ื‘ืžืจืชื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ. ื”ื•ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืฉืคื˜ ืœืžื•ื•ืช, ืื ื™ื•ืจืฉืข ื‘ืจืฆื— ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ื‘ืคืฆื™ืขืชื ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžโ€“260, ื‘ืคื™ืฆื•ืฅ ืฉื ื™ ืžื˜ืขื ื™ื ืžืื•ืœืชืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ืงื”ืœ ืฉืœ ืืœืคื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืฆืคื• ื‘ืงื• ื”ืกื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืจื•ืฅ ื‘โ€“15 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 2013. ืฆืจื ืื™ื™ื‘, ืฆ'ืฆ'ื ื™ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืื–ืจื—ื•ืช ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช, ืืžืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืืฉื ื‘ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžโ€“30 ืกืขื™ืคื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ื ื ื’ื“ื•. ื”ื•ื ื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ืฉืงื˜ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ื ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ืขื™ื, ื•ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื›ืœืคื™ ืžื˜ื” ื•ื”ืชื ื•ืขืข ื‘ืขืฆื‘ื ื•ืช. ื”ื•ื ืœื ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืืœื ื”ื ื™ื“ ื‘ืจืืฉื• ืืœ ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื›ืฉื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœื™ื•. ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ื’'ื•ืจื’' ืื•'ื˜ื•ืœ ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉโ€“12 ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืฉืฉืช ื”ืžื—ืœื™ืคื™ื ืฉื™ื™ื‘ื—ืจื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ื”ืชืจื—ืฉ, ืืš ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜, ืฉืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ืžืฉืš ืฉืœื•ืฉื”ึพืืจื‘ืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ืืš ื•ืจืง ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื•ืฆื’ื• ื‘ืคื ื™ื”ื. "ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ืื•ืœื™ ืงืจืืชื ืื• ืฉืžืขืชื ืขืœ ื”ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื”, ืื™ื ื” ืื•ืžืจืช ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช ืฉืื™ื ื›ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉื‘ืขื™ื", ืืžืจ ืื•'ื˜ื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืžื ื” ื™ื™ื‘ื—ืจื• ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ืขื™ื, ื•ืืกืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื—ืคืฉ ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ืคื™ื’ื•ืข. ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ื”ื•ื‘ืื• ืฉืชื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช, ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ื›โ€“200 ืžื•ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื™ื. ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืขืจืš ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ืžื—ืจ. ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื”ื•ืจืื” ืœืžืœื ืฉืืœื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืจืงืข ืฉืœื”ื. ืœืคื™ื”ื ื™ืงื‘ืขื• ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื•ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืืช ืžื™ ืœืคืกื•ืœ. ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืื•ืœื ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉืœ 20, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื—ืงืจ ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ื•ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื”. ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื™ื™ื“ืจืฉื• ื›ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ืขื™ื, ืฉื™ืงื‘ืขื• ื’ื ืื ืฆืจื ืื™ื™ื‘ ืืฉื ื•ื’ื ืื ื“ื™ื ื• ืžื•ื•ืช. ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ื•ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื”ื™ืฉืžืข ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช 26 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ. ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื‘ื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ, ื‘ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžื•ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื—ืกืจื™ ืคื ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืกื™ืงื•ืจ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืชื™ ื”ืจื‘ ื•ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืืœืคื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืฉืชืชืคื• ื‘ืžืจืชื•ืŸ, ืื• ื”ืกืชืชืจื• ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื ืขืจืš ื”ืžืฆื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืžืคื’ืขื™ื. ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ื“ื—ื” ืืช ื‘ืงืฉืชื.
ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืืžื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื•ื‘ืขืฅ ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ืžืœืื›ืช ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื”, ื”ื•ื ืžืกืชื›ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื: ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื”ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื, ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืœืœื ื ื–ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืกื™ืžื ื™ ืžื‘ืจืฉืช, ื•ื‘ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื ืกืชืจื•ืช ื•ืœืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืืœื™ื”ื ืงืฉื”. ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ืจื™ื•ื•ื™ืืœื™ ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ืืœื” ื”ื•ื ืฉืœ ืฆื‘ื™ืขื” ื‘ื”ืชื–ื”. ื–ื” ืขื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืžื•ื‘ื”ืง ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช- ื”ื’ืขื”, ื•ืœื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืขื ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื ืื•ืช ืชื•ืš ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื–ืžืŸ. ื›ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ืฉื˜ื— ื”ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ืžื•ืขื˜, ื”ืจื™ ืฉืžืจืกืกื™ ื”ืฆื‘ืข ื™ืขืฉื•, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ืื•ืœื ื™ืฉ ืœืงื—ืช ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืชืคืขื•ืœ ืฉืœื”ื ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื–ืžืŸ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื ื˜ื•. ื”ื”ืจื›ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืจืกืก, ื”ื›ื ืช ื”ืฆื‘ืข ื“ื™ืœื•ืœ ื•ืขืจื‘ื•ื‘, ื ื™ืงื•ื™ ื”ืืงื“ื— ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ, ืงื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื•ืื›ืกื•ื ื”. ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื ื™ื•ืช, ืื• ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื“ืงื•ืช ืžื•ืขื˜ื•ืช, ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืคืจื•ื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื‘ื•ื–ื‘ื–. ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžืœื™ ืœืกื•ื’ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืฆื‘ื™ืขื” ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ืžื•ืช ืกืคืจื™ื™ ื”ืฆื‘ืข. ื”ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืงื™ื ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ืœืœื ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื›ื ื•ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ืŸ, ืœืœื ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืžืขืžื™ืง, ื•ื‘ืœื™ ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื™ืงืจ. ืžืขื˜ ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืงืคื“ื” ืขืœ ื›ืœืœื™ ืืฆื‘ืข ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื, ื™ืืคืฉืจื• ืชื•ืฆืื” ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ืช. ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื”ื›ื ื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื™ืฉ ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืœื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง ื™ื“ื™ืช ืื—ื™ื–ื” ื”ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœ ื”ืคื™ื™ื”, ื•ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืื—ื™ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง, ื•ื”ืชื–ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื“ืง, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืœื—ื™ืฆื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืชื–. ื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขื ื”ื™ื“ื™ืช ื•ื”ื”ื“ืง ื ื•ื—ื” ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื–ื” ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืืœื™ ื•ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื”ื”ืขื“ืคื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ. ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื•ืŸ ืขื•ืฆืžืช ื”ืœื—ื™ืฆื” - ื”ื•ื ืื›ืŸ ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื ื”ื”ื“ืง, ื•ืžื™ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ืคื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื’ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื”ืชื–ื”, ื”ื™ื“ื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื• ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘. ื•ืœืฉืืœืช ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ โ€“ ื–ื”ื•, ื‘ืขืฆื, ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื›ืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืงื™ ืชืจืกื™ืก ื”ืฆื‘ืข. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืกืคืจื™ื™ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื—ื•ืžืจ, ืžื›ืœ ืกื•ื’. ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื•ื•ืงื™ ืฆื‘ืข ื•ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืฆื‘ื™ืขื” ื”ื“ื•ื—ืกื™ื ื›ืœ ื ื•ื–ืœ ืœืชืจืกื™ืก. ืคืจื™ื™ืžืจื™ื, ืœืงื•ืช, ืฆื‘ืขื™ื, ืคื™ื ื™ืฉืจื™ื, ื•ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช, ื•ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื•ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื”. ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก, ื‘ื›ืœ ื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื™. ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืคืจืงื˜ื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื ืœื•ื•ื” ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ื’ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืœ ืžื ื™ืคืช ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืงื™ื™ืžืช, ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื”. ื‘ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืœื›ืœื™, ืื ื ืฉื•ื•ื” ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืงื™ื ืœืžื—ื™ืจ ืžืืจื–ื™ ืฆื‘ืข, ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืฆื‘ืขื™ ืกืคืจื™ื™ ื™ืขืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืคื™ ื›ืžื•ืช. ืื‘ืœ ืชืžื™ื“ ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื—ืกื™. ืื•ืœื ื›ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืขื˜ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช, ืฉื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš, ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ื ืคื— ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืคื™ืกื•ืœื™ื ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขืฅ ื•ื‘ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืฆื“ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ื•ื”ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ืฉืœ ืžืจืกืกื™ ืฆื‘ืข, ื•ืืช ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืชืขืกืงื•ืช ื‘ืžื ื”ืœื•ืช, ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื–ืžืŸ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืขืฆืžื”. ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉืื›ืŸ ืœื ืžืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื โ€“ ื”ื ื” ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ . ืจืžื™ ืคืจื—ืŸ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืฆื‘ืข ื›ื‘ืจ ืขืฉืจื™ื ืฉื ื”. ื‘ืฉื ืช 2011 ืคืชื— ืืช ืงื•ืœื•ืจืžื™ืงืก ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืœืจื›ื‘ ื•ืœืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื‘ืข"ืž. ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžื™ื™ื‘ืืช ื•ืžืฉื•ื•ืงืช ืฆื‘ืขื™ื, ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืฆื‘ื™ืขื” ื•ืืช ื›ืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ืขื–ืจ ื•ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ืข, ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘, ื”ืžืชื›ืช ื•ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื ื’ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืขืฅ.
ืžืฉื“ื” ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ืœื•ื˜ื•ืŸ ืœืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ืœื ื—ืกืจ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืœื•ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื™ืจ โ€“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื, ื‘ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช. ื”ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืจืช ืื ื’ืœื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ื” ืžืคื•ืชื—ืช ื’ื ื”ื™ื โ€“ ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืฉืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืจืง ืœืงื ื ื‘ื” ื•ืœืฉืื•ืฃ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื”. ืืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืชืงืฃ ืœืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื™ืจ โ€“ ื’ื ืžืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ, ื›ืžื• ืœื•ื˜ื•ืŸ ืื• ื”ื™ืชืจื•, ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื ืช ืืš ืชืชืงืฉื• ืžืื•ื“ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ืื• ืจื›ื‘ืช ืฉื™ื™ืงื—ื• ืืชื›ื ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืžืœื•ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื–ื•ืœ. ืืš ืื ืชืจืฆื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืคื ืงืช ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืžืœื•ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื, ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ืžื•ื ื™ืช, ืืš ืœืฉืœื ื‘ื–ื•ืœ ื›ืžื• ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื ื•ื”ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืื˜ืœ ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื• ืืชื ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืืช ื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ืขื ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื. ืื ืชืจืฆื• ื”ืกืขื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช, ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืกืขื•ืช ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื›ื โ€“ ืžื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืชืคื’ืฉื• ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ืื•ืœื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ ื”ืคื ื™ื, ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืžืœื•ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื—ื›ื•ืช ืœืืฃ ื ื•ืกืข ืื—ืจ. ื–ื” ื”ื›ื™ ื›ื™ืฃ ืœื ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื–ืจื”, ืœืื—ืจ 5 ืฉืขื•ืช ื˜ื™ืกื” ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื•ืžืขื™ื™ืคื•ืช, ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื™ื“ ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ื ื—ื™ืชื” ืจื›ื” ื•ื ืขื™ืžื” ืขื ื ื”ื’ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขื‘ืจื™ืช โ€“ ืžื” ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœื›ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช. ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ื ืกื™ืขื”, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืื•ืชื™ ืฉืืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ, ืžื” ื—ื“ืฉ, ืžื” ืืกื•ืจ ืœืคืกืคืก ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื”ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื•ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืฉื™ื—ืกื›ื• ืœื›ื ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื›ืกืฃ ื•ื™ืฉื“ืจื’ื• ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืœ. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืœื›ืœ ืฉืืœื” ืื• ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืืœื™ ื•ืืฉืžื— ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ื โ€“ ื”ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืžื• ืื—ื•ื•ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื’ื ื‘ื—ื•โ€ืœ! ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื”ืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืชืจืื• ื‘ืขื™ืจ, ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ื›ืžื” ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœ ื›ืชืคื™ื™ ืœืกืคืง ืœื›ื ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ื ื—ื™ืชื” ื›ื™ืคื™ืช ื•ืžื”ื ื”, ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” โ€“ ื•ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ื™ื—ืก VIP (ื’ื ืœืžื™ ืฉื‘ื•ื—ืจ ืฉืื˜ืœ ื•ื’ื ืœืžื™ ืฉื‘ื•ื—ืจ ื”ืกืขื” ืœื‘ื“), ืขื–ืจื” ืขื ื”ืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื•ืช, WIFI ื‘ื—ื™ื ื ื•ืขื•ื“. ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ืกืขื” ืขื ื ื”ื’ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื‘ืœื—ื™ืฆืช ื›ืคืชื•ืจ! ืืœ ืชื—ื›ื• ืขื ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ โ€“ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื• ืืช ืžืงื•ืžื›ื ื‘ื”ืกืขื” ืฉืœื™ ืžืœื•ื˜ื•ืŸ ืœืžืœื•ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื ืขื•ื“ ื”ื™ื•ื! ืžืœืื• ื•ืฉืœื—ื• ืœื™ ืืช ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ื•ืฉื ื”ืžืœื•ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ื˜ื•ืคืก ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ื–ืžื ืช ื”ืกืขื” ื•ืื—ื–ื•ืจ ืืœื™ื›ื ืžื™ื“ ืขื ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืคื ื™ื” ืœืžื™ื™ืœ. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืืœื™ ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื”ืฆืขืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ื•ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืžื™ื™ืœ ืฉืœื™ uricarslondon@gmail.com, ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ 03-9399735 (ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืฉื™ื—ื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืžื”ืืจืฅ, ืืœ ื“ืื’ื”!) ืื• ื›ืชื‘ื• ืœื™ ื‘ื•ื•ืื˜ืกืืค +447794733883. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืœื™ ื’ื ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ืฉืœื™. ืœื ืœืฉื›ื•ื— ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœื™ ืœื™ื™ืง ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ื›ืš ื ื•ื›ืœ ื’ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืงืฉืจ ื•ื’ื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื“ื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช, ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ื•ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืฉื™ืžืœืื• ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืฉื”ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื‘ื›ื™ืฃ ื•ื™ื—ืกื›ื• ืœื›ื ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ื’ื ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื›ืกืฃ! ืœืงืจื™ืื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื”ื™ื›ื ืกื• ืœื‘ืœื•ื’ ืฉืœื™.
ื—ื•ืกืจ ืžืขืฉ ื•ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช - ืชื•ืฆืจ ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช, ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื›ื•ืœื” ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืืฆืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืžืฉื—ืง ื•ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืœืฉื ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืชืงื™ื ื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืคื™ื–ื™ืช, ื ืคืฉื™ืช, ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื•ืงื•ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช (ืงืœืžื ื˜ืก, 2003). ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื•ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื• ื•ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉืœื• ื•ืžืฉืคืจื™ื ืืช ืจืžืช ืฉืœื™ื˜ืชื• ื‘ื’ื•ืคื• ื•ืืช ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื•ืขืชื™ืช ืฉืœื•, ืชื•ืš ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ืชื ืกื•ืช (ื‘ืจื•ื ืจ, 1986; ื˜ื•ื ื‘ืจื’ืŸ, 1975; ืœื•ื™ืŸ, ืชืฉืœ"ื—). 6. Clements, R. (2003). Reaserch finds decline in outdoor play. Education Journal. U.S.A.
ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืื™ืจื—ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ื‘ืจืฆืœื•ื ื” ืืช ืชืขืจื•ื›ืช ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ื™ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช, ืื•ืชื” ื ื™ืฆืœื• ืกืžืกื•ื ื’ HTcn ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ. ื—ื‘ืจืช ืกืžืกื•ื ื’ ื”ืฆื™ื’ื” ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ืœืื•ืจ ื”ื—ึพ ื“ื™ืจื” ื”ืžืชื’ื‘ืจืช ืœืฉื•ืงื™ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืกืœื•ืœืจ ืกื™ื ื™ื•ืช, ืฉืžืฆื™ื’ื•ืช ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื, ื›ืžื• One Plus One ,Xiaomo ,Lenovo ื•ืื—ื— ืจื™ื. ืกืžืกื•ื ื’ ื”ืฆื™ื’ื” ืืช ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื“ื’ืœ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœื”, ื’ืœืึพ ืงืกื™ S6, ืขื ื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื‘ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืกืš ืฆื“ื™, ื‘ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช. ื”ื“ื’ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื ืขื ืžืคืจื˜ ื—ื–ืง ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ืคืชื™ืขื• ืืช ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ ืืคืœ, ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื’ื•ืจื™ืœื” ื—ื“ืฉ ืžืฉื ื™ ืฆื“ื™ ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ, ื›ืืฉืจ ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืกื•ืœืœื” ืœืœื ืคื™ืจื•ืง, ืื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก SD, ื•ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื˜ื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืืฆื‘ืข ื ืขืฉื” ื›ืขืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืœื—ื™ืฆื” ื•ืœื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืœืžืขืœื” ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื”. ื”ื“ื’ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืžืืคืฉืจ ื˜ืขื™ื ื” ืืœื—ื•ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืฉืœ Power Mat, ืืฉืจ ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื›ืš ืฉืžืกืคื™ืงื” ื”ื ื—ืชื• ืขืœ ืžืฉื˜ื— ื”ื˜ืขื ื” ืœืœื ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื›ื‘ืœ ืœื—ืฉืžืœ. HTC ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ื’ื ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ื“ื’ื ื—ื“ืฉ, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืฆืœืžื” ืขื ื—ื™ื™ืฉืŸ 20 ืžื’ื” ืคื™ืงืกืœ - ืžืžืฉืง ื”ึพSense ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื’ืจืกื” 7, ืฉืžื–ื”ื” ืืช ืžื™ืงื•ื ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืื• ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืžืฆื™ื’ ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืœืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื. HTC ื”ืฆื™ื’ื” ืืช ื”ืฆืžื™ื“ Grip ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื•ืžืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื”ื•ืฆื’ ื”ื•ื ื”- 2 Biackphone , ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืื ื“ืจื•ืื™ื“ ืขื ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืคืขืœื” ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืืฉืจ ืžืฆืคื™ื ื” ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ืืžื•ืจื” ืœื”ืงืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ื ื™ื˜ื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื™ื•ืฆื ืžืžื ื•. ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื™ืœื‘ื• ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ ืœืืจื ืง ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™, ื•ื’ื LG ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื”ืœืš ื“ื•ืžื” ืขื ื”ื“ื’ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ LG4 ืฉืขืชื™ื“ ืœืฆืืช ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ื‘ื. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืฆืจื ื™ ื”ืกืœื•ืœืจ ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ื•ืœ ืžืชืงืฉื™ื ืœื”ยฌืคืชื™ืข ื•ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžืฉื•ืคืจื™ื ืืš ืœื ืžื”ืคื›ยฌื ื™ื™ื ื•ืฉื•ื‘ืจื™ ืฉื•ืง, ื•ื”ื”ืขืจื›ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ื“ืจืฉื• ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ืขื“ ืฉื™ื™ืฆื ืžื•ืฆืจ ืขื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ืช ื›ืžื• ืžืกืš ืžืชืงืคืœ ืื• ืžืกืš ืชืœืช ืžืžื“. ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ื ืกื™ื™ืข ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ืžืจื›ื•ืœืชืŸ ื‘ืชืขืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ื‘ืจืฆืœื•ื ื”. ืื—ื•ื– ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื•ื” 5% ืžืกืš ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืฆื™ื’ื• ื‘ื›ื ืก, ื ืชื•ืŸ ืžืจืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื‘ืืจืฅ. ื”ื‘ื™ืชืŸ ื”ื•ืงื ืขืœ ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ 500 ืž"ืจ ื•ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืฉืžืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœืžืคื’ืฉื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื• ืžืกืš ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืืฉืจ ืžืฆื™ื’ ^80 ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื•ืช. ืื’ื‘, ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื‘ืชืขืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”, ื—ืชืžื” ื—ื‘ืจืช ื–ื™ืžืคื•ืจื™ื•ื, ืฉืžืคืชื—ืช ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื™ืช ื”ื’ื ื” ืžืคื ื™ ืคืจื™ึพ ืฆื•ืช ืœืกืœื•ืœืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช WiFi, ืขืœ ืขืกืงื” ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช ืขื ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื”ืคืฆื” ื”ื™ืคื ื™ืช Toyo, ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ื•ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืฉืœ ื›-15 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ. ื—ื‘ืจื” ื–ื•, ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืงื ืขื, ืคื™ืชื—ื” ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืžืืคืฉืจืช ื”ื–ืจืžืช ืชื›ื ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”, ื•ื™ื“ื™ืื• ืื• ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืืœ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื•ื™ืขื™ืœื”, ื•ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืœืœื ืชืงืœื•ืช. ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืจืžืช ื’ืŸ, ืืฉืจ ืžืชื™ื™ืžืจืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœืช ื”ืฉื•ืง ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืกื•ืœืœื•ืช ืœืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ ืกืœื•ืœืจ, ื•ืคื™ืชื—ื” ืกื•ืœืœื” ื”ื ื˜ืขื ืช ื‘ืžืœื•ืื” ื‘ื“ืงื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžื•ืฉื›ืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ืจื‘ื” ื•ื’ื™ื™ืกื” ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” 42 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ. ืžื ื”ืœื™ื” ืœื ืžื”ืกืกื™ื ืœื”ืคื’ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœื” ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื˜ืขื™ื ืช ืกืœื•ืœืจ. ืขื ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืฉืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื•ื™ื“ื™ืื• ื•ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืœืกืจื˜ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™, ื”ื’ื™ืขื” Magisto ืœืงื”ืœ ืขื ืง ืฉืœ ื›ึพ60 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื, ื•ืžืืคืฉืจืช ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืกืจื˜ ืžืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืกืจื˜ื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื‘ืชืขืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ื‘ืจืฆืœื•ื ื” ื”ื›ืจื™ื–ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืขืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ื“ื•ื™ื˜ืฉื” ื˜ืœืงื•ื, ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืชื• ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื” ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื—ื™ื ื ื‘ื’ืจืกืช ื”ืคืจืžื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื”. ืืคืงืœื™ืฆื™ื” ื–ื• ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื.ืง.ื’ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ืชื™ ืขื ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ืช ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ืช, ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช ื”ืชืงืฃ ืœื‘ ืฉื—ื•ื•ื” ื”ื ื‘ื“ืง. ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืจื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืชืžื•ื ื” ืงื™ื™ืžืช. ืœืžืฉืœ, ืžื‘ื˜ ื—ื˜ื•ืฃ ื‘ืฆื’ ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื’ื‘ื™ื” ื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื” ืชื•ืกืคืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืชื™ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืขืœ ืžืกืขื“ื•ืช, ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืชื™ื™ืจื™ื ืื• ื›ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื•ืกืฃ ืืœื™ื”. ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืขื•ืžื“ืช ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืฉืคื™ืชื—ื” Waking App ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”, ื•ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ื“ื”. ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืคื•ืขืœืช ืžื›ืœ ืกืœื•ืœืจ, ืœืœื ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืจืื™ื™ื” ื”ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ืช. ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”, Snapi, ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืžืจื—ื•ืง ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื—ื•ื•ืช ื™ื“ ืขืœ ืžืฆืœืžืช ื”ืกืœื•ืœืจ. ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื? ื”ื—ืœ ืžืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ ืกืœืคื™, ื“ืจืš ื”ืคืขืœืช ืžืฆื’ื•ืช ื•ืขื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช. ืœื—ืฆืŸ ืžืฆื•ืงื” ืžื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื›ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืœืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจืช ื•ืœื—ื•ืœื™ื ื›ืจื•ื ื™ื. ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ืกื ืกื•ืจื™ื ืžืชืจื™ืขื” ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช ืขืœ ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ืฉืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ืงื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ืืฆืœ ื”ื“ื™ื™ืจ.
ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื–ืžื ืชื™ ืœืฆื•ืง ืžื ืจื” ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ื•ื‘ืœื•ื’ืจื™ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื•ืœืกืงืจ ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื. ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ืืชื™ ืœืฆื•ืง ืžื ืจื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ ืœืฉืฉื™- ืฉื‘ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื’ื•ื’ ืœืืžื™ ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ืฉืžื•ื ื™ื. ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื‘ื—ืจื ื•, ื“ื•ื•ืงื, ื‘ืฆื•ืง ืžื ืจื”? ื›ื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื”ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืœื‘ืœื•ืช, ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ื˜ื‘ืข, ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืืงืกื˜ืจื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืœืงื˜ื ื™ื ื•ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ืฉืคืข ื‘ืฆื•ืง. ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื ื•ืฃ ืžื“ื”ื™ื, ื—ื“ืจื™ ืื™ืจื•ื— ืžืขื•ืœื™ื, ืื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืืงืกื˜ืจื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืงื˜ื ื™ื, ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื, ืืจื•ื—ืช ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืžืขื•ืœื” ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื ื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ื™ื™ื ื• 23 ืื™ืฉ ื‘ืกื•ืค"ืฉ ื—ื’ื™ื’ื™ ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื”ืฉืชืชืคื• ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื•ืช, ื ื”ื ื• ืžืื“ ื•ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืฉื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ื‘ืื” ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื‘. ืœื“ืขืชื™, ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื’ื™ืœื• ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื, ื›ื™ ืื—ืจืช ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืคื•ืฆืฅ. ื”ื™ื“ืขืชื ืฉื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืคืืจืง ื”ืืงืกื˜ืจื™ื ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืชืงื ื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื”ื•ืช ืœืœื ื›ืœ ืขืœื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช? ื”ืกื ืคืœื™ื ื’, ื”ืจื›ื‘ืœ, ืงื™ืจ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก, ืžื’ืœืฉื•ืช ื”ื”ืจื™ื, ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืฆื•ืง, ื”ื˜ืจืžืคื•ืœื™ื ื”- ื”ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื ื! ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื—ืคืฉ ืื—ืจ ืžืงื•ื ืœื™ื ื”, ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืœื˜ื™ื™ืœ, ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ืœืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื. ื™ืฉ ื”ื›ืœ ืชื—ืช ืงื•ืจืช ื’ื’ ืื—ืช. ืžื ืจื” ืœื•ื“ื’'- ืžืชื—ื ื”ืœื™ื ื” ืžื•ื ื” 55 ื—ื“ืจื™ื ื”ืคื–ื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืžื‘ื ื™ื, ื—ื“ืจ ืื•ื›ืœ, ืœื•ื‘ื™, ืื•ืœื ื›ื ืกื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช. ื”ื—ื“ืจื™ื ืžืžื•ืงืžื™ื ื‘ืžืจื•ื ืฆื•ืง ืžื ืจื”, ื—ืœืง ืžืจื›ืก ืจืžื™ื, ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” 900 ืžื˜ืจ ื•ื”ื ื•ืฃ ื›ื•ื‘ืฉ, ืœื ืชืจืฆื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืœื•ื ื•ืช, ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื‘ืœื™ืœื”. ื›ื™ ื”ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืจืฆื™ื ืœืžืจื—ื•ืง ืžื”ืคื ื˜ื™ื. ืžื”ื—ื“ืจ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจื™ ื”ื’ื•ืœืŸ, ื”ื—ืจืžื•ืŸ ื•ืขืžืง ื”ื—ื•ืœื”. ื‘ืขื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ื ื“ื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื‘ืขื•ื ืช ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื”ืžืชื—ื ืžืชื›ืกื” ื‘ืฉืœื’ ื•ื‘ืขื•ื ืช ื”ืงื™ืฅ ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ื ืขื™ืžื”. ื”ื—ื“ืจื™ื ื ืขื™ืžื™ื ื•ื ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ื’ื ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืœื“ื™ื. ืœื ื• ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ืœื—ื“ืจ 2 ืžื™ื˜ื•ืช ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื•ืขื•ื“ ืกืคื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืžืจื•ื•ื— ื•ื ื•ื—. ื—ื‘ื™ืœืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ื— ื‘ืžืชื—ื ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืœื™ื ื”, ืืจื•ื—ืช ื‘ื•ืงืจ (ืขืฉื™ืจื” ื•ืžืฆื•ื™ื ืช) ื•ื›ื ื™ืกื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช ืœืคืืจืง ื”ืืงืกื˜ืจื™ื. ืืช ืืจื•ื—ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืžื›ื™ืŸ ืฉืฃ ืจืื™ืฃ ื“ืขื‘ื•ืก, (23) ื‘ืŸ ืœืžืฉืคื—ืช ืฉืคื™ื, ืœืžื“ ื•ืขื‘ื“ ืœืฆื“ ืฉืคื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื, ืืš ืืช ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื˜ื‘ื— ื”ื•ื ื–ื•ื›ืจ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืžืื™ืžื•. ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉืŸ, ืฆื ื•ืข, ืœื ืžืจื‘ื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ, ืืš ืžืจื‘ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช. ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืืช ืื•ืจื—ื™ ื”ืœื•ื“ื’' ืœื˜ืขืžื™ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืงื•ืœื™ื ืจื™ื™ื, ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื˜ื‘ื—ื™ื โ€“ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™, ืœื‘ื ื•ื ื™, ืกื•ืจื™ ื•ื“ืจื•ื–ื™. ื“ืขื‘ื•ืก, ื‘ืŸ ื”ื›ืคืจ ืขื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื™ื” ืžืจืžืช ื”ื’ื•ืœืŸ, ื ื—ืฉืฃ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื• ืœืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ื˜ืขืžื™ื ื•ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช, ื”ืžื˜ื‘ื— ื”ื“ืจื•ื–ื™ ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™, ื”ืžื˜ื‘ื— ื”ืœื‘ื ื•ื ื™, ื•ื”ืžื˜ื‘ื— ื”ืกื•ืจื™ ืฉื™ื—ื“ ื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืžื˜ื‘ื— ื”ื’ืœื™ืœื™ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื•ืžื”ื ื ื•ืœื“ ืžื˜ื‘ื— ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ืžืฉืœื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื•ืœื ื•ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืงื•ืœื™ื ืจื™ืช ืžืืชื’ืจืช. ืœืื•ืจื—ื™ื ืžื—ื›ื” ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืืจื•ื—ืช ื‘ื•ืงืจ, ื”ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืขื•ืฉืจ ืงื•ืœื™ื ืืจื™. ื›ืœ ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื‘ืžื˜ื‘ื—, ืจืื™ืฃ ื™ื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื™ืชืŸ ืืช ื”ื ื’ื™ืขื” ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœื•. ืœืฆื“ ืงืคื” ื“ืจื•ื–ื™ ืžื”ื‘ื™ืœ ืื• ื‘ืฉืžื• "ืงืื•ื•ื”". ืื ื™ ืื”ื‘ืชื™ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืืช ื”ืœื‘ื ื” ืฉืžื›ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืฃ ื•ืืช ื”ืกืœื˜ื™ื ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ืขืžื. ื”ืชืžื–ืœ ืžื–ืœื™ ื•ื‘ืกื™ื•ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื˜ืขืžืชื™ ื’ื ืžืžืขื“ื ื™ ืืจื•ื—ืช ื”ืขืจื‘ ื‘ืžืกืขื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ืง. ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืชืขื ื•ื’. ื”ืื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืง- ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ื™ืฉ ื›ื ื™ืกื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ืื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืง ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืงื˜ื ื™ื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื. ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืขื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื™ืœืื™ื. ื”ื—ืœ ืžืคืขื•ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื•ื›ืœื” ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ืขืจ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื”ืชื‘ื’ืจื•ืช. ืœื›ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช. ืขื ื”ืคืขื•ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืชื—ื ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืงื™ืจ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ื”ืžืชืื™ื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื•ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื ื”ื“ืจืช ืขื‘ื•ืจื. ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืœืงื—ื ื• ืื•ืชื ืœืžืฉืขื•ืœ ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื—ืคื•ืช ืฉื ื”ืœื›ื• ื™ื—ืคื™ื ืขืœ ืžืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ืื•ืจืš 80 ืž' ืฉื‘ื ื•ื™ ืžืžืฆืขื™ ื“ืจื™ื›ื” ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืžื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืื‘ืŸ, ืขืฅ, ืื“ืžื” ื•ื—ื•ืœ. ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืงืง"ืœ. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื™ืจื“ื ื• ืื™ืชื ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืœ ื”ืืจื•ืš ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” (1940 ืž') ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืงืจื™ืช ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืœืชื—ื ื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื”, ื ืกื™ืขื” ื”ืื•ืจื›ืช ื›-5 ื“ืงื•ืช ื•ืฉื ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืืจื‘ืข ืขืคื• ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื›ืฉืขืœื• ืขืœ ื˜ืจืžืคื•ืœื™ื ืช ื”ื‘ืื ื’'ื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”. ื•ืœื ืจืง ื”ื ื’ื ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื™ืกื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืกืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืžื”ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื. ื›ืฉืกื™ื™ืžื ื• ืœืงืคื•ืฅ ืขื‘ืจื ื• ืืœ ืžื’ืœืฉื•ืช ื”ื”ืจื™ื, ืฉื ื™ ืง"ืž ืฉืœ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžืคื•ืชืœ, ืงืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืฉืœื˜ื•ืช ืข"ื™ ื”ื ื”ื’ ืขื•ืฉื•ืช ื“ืจื›ืŸ ื‘ืžืขืœื” ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื•ืื– ืžื’ื™ืขื” ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื”. ืชืขื ื•ื’ ืืžื™ืชื™. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืงื™ืฅ ื•ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืžืชืืคืฉืจืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื’ื ื‘ืœื™ืœื”. ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืกื™ื™ืžื ื• ืœื’ืœื•ืฉ ื•ืœืงืคื•ืฅ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืขื ื”ืจื›ื‘ืœ ืœืชื—ื ืช ื”ืืžืฆืข ืฉื ื ืžืฆื ืžืฆื•ืง ื”ืืงืกื˜ืจื™ื. ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื ื”ื ื• ืœื˜ืคืก ืขืœ ืงื™ืจ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ืžืฆื˜ื™ื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืจืชืžื” ื•ืžื˜ืคืกื™ื ืžืœืื™ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ืžืขืœื” ื”ืงื™ืจ, ื›ืฉื”ืืชื’ืจ ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืœืฆืœืฆืœ ื‘ืคืขืžื•ืŸ. ื‘ืžืชื—ื ื”ื—ืฅ ื•ืงืฉืช ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืจืื” ืืช ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ื”ื™ืจื™, ื”ื“ื™ื•ืง ื•ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื“. ื”ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื•ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืžืืชื’ืจืช. ื•ืœืงื™ื ื•ื— ืฉื™ื ื”ืฉื™ืื™ื! ืžืฆื•ืง ื”ืกื ืคืœื™ื ื’- ืื ื™ ืžื•ื“ื” ืฉื—ืฉืฉืชื™ ืžืื“ ืœืจื“ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ืง ื”ืื™ืžืชื ื™. 42 ืž' ืฉืœ ืฆื•ืง ืกืœืขื™ ื•ืชืœื•ืœ. ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืฉืžืชื™ ืขืœื™ ืืช ื”ืจืชืžื” ื•ื”ืงืกื“ื”, ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ื•ืœื ืœืจื“ืช. ืื‘ืœ, ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืฉืœืžื•ื ื™, ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืืชืจ, ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืื•ืชื™ ืœื ืกื•ืช ื•ื›ืš ืชื•ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืื•ืชื™, ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื•ืชื•ืžืš, ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื–ืืช ื•ื™ืจื“ืชื™ ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ื”ืฆื•ืง. ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ืืฃ ื”ื ื”ืชื ืกื• ื‘ืกื ืคืœื™ื ื’ ื•ื™ืจื“ื• ื‘ืžื•ืจื“. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืกื•ื›ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ืง ื•ืฉื™ื—ืงื ื• ื‘ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื”ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืฉื. ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื—ื–ืจื ื• ืœืžืชื—ื ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืฆื•ืง ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ืžืขื’ืœื™ ื‘ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ืžื ืจื” ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ, ืจื’ืข ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื, ืจื’ืข ืงืจื˜ื™ื‘ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืจื”. ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืื•"ื, ืžืฆืœืžื™ื ื•ื ื”ื ื™ื ืžื ื•ืฃ ืžืจื”ื™ื‘. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœื ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื•ืฆืคื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ืฃ ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ื. ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื”ืกืคืงื ื• ืื‘ืœ, ื ื™ืชืŸ ื’ื ืœืฆืืช ืœืกื™ื•ืจ ืขืฉืฉื™ื•ืช ืขื ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื–ื” ืžืงืกื™ื. ืื ื™ ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื–ืืช ื‘ืกื™ื•ืจ ื”ืžืงื“ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื ื—ืžื“ ืžืื“. ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ- ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืื•ืœื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื• ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื•ืฉื ื—ื’ื’ื ื• ืœืืžื™ ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ืœื“ืช. ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืกื•ืค"ืฉ ื—ื•ื•ื™ืชื™ ื•ืžื•ืฆืœื— ืžืื“ ื•ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื˜ื‘ืข, ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช, ืื•ื›ืœ ื•ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืืช ืฉืœื• ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืฉื‘ื ื• ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ืžืจื•ืฆื™ื ืžืื“. ื ื•ืชืจ ืœื™ ืจืง ืœื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ืœื›ื, ื‘ื—ื•ื ืจื‘, ืขืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ื•ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ืœื›ื ืฉืœื ืชืชืื›ื–ื‘ื•. ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ืฉื•ืœื‘ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช : ืคืืจืง ื—ื‘ืœื™ื, ืžืชื—ื ืงืžืคื™ื ื’ ื’ืœื™ืœื™ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™, ืžืจื›ื– ืจื›ื™ื‘ืช ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื•ืคืืžืค ื˜ืจืง ืื–ื•ืจื™. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื - ื‘ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืง ืžื ืจื” ืกื™ื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื, ืกื“ื ืื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืขื ืืฆื˜ืจื•ื‘ืœื™ื, ืกื“ื ืื•ืช ื•ืžื•ืคืขื™ ื’'ืื’ืœื™ื ื’ ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืœืื•ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืœืฆื“ ื›ืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืืจืง ื”ืืชื’ืจื™. ืจื›ื‘ืœ, ืžื’ืœืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ื, ื˜ืจืžืคื•ืœื™ื ื” ื‘ื ื’'ื™, ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืฆื•ืง ื‘ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ืžื ืจื”, ืกื ืคืœื™ื ื’, ืงื™ืจ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก, ื—ืฅ ื•ืงืฉืช, ืงื™ืจ ื‘ื•ืœื“ืจื™ื ื’ ื•ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืžื•ืœ ื”ื ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ืขืžืง ื”ื—ื•ืœื” ื•ื”ื’ืœื™ืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ. ื‘ืžื ืจื” ืœื•ื“ื’' ืžืชื—ื ื”ืœื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืฆื•ืง ืžื ืจื” ืื–ืœื• ื”ื—ื“ืจื™ื ืœืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื•ืœืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื ื•ืชืจื• ืขื•ื“ ืžืขื˜ื™ื, ื”ืžืงื“ื™ืžื™ื ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื™ื”ื ื• ืžืžื—ื™ืจ ืžืขื•ืœื” โ€“ ื”ื—ืœ ืž799 โ‚ช ืœืœื™ืœื” ื•ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืœื ืชืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื—ื“ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื™ืกื™ืง. ืื•ืจื—ื™ ื”ืœื•ื“ื’' ื ื”ื ื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฆื•ืง ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืœื™ื ื” ื•ืœืœื ืชืฉืœื•ื ื ื•ืกืฃ ื•ืžืกื™ื•ืจ ืขืฉืฉื™ื•ืช ืžืจืชืง ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ื›ื ื™ืกื” ื—ื™ื ื ืœืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืื•ืกื™ืฉืงื™ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื“ืŸ. ืžื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื—ื’ื™ื ื™ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืง ืื™ืจื•ืข ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ื•ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžืกื•ื’ื•, ืกืคื™ื ื™ื ื™ื’ ื”ืžื•ื ื™. ื›-200 ืจื•ื›ื‘ื™ ืื•ืคื ื™ ืกืคื™ื ื™ื ื™ื’ ื™ื“ื”ืจื• ืœื”ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžื•ืœ ื”ื ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ ืขื ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื”ืžืืžื ื™ื ื•ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ ื”ืกืคื™ื ื™ื ื’ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ื• ืื™ื ืคื™ื ื˜ื™ ื‘ื”ื•ื‘ืœืช ืฉืžื•ืœื™ืง ืžืœื•ืœ ืžืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ืฉืžื™ืจ ืฉืžืชืžื—ื” ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื™ื (26-27.10). ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืงืจืืช ืกื’ื™ืจื”. ืืœ ืชืคืกืคืกื• . ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ื ื”ืœื” ื‘ืฆื•ืง ืžื ืจื”, ืœื ืคื•ืกื—ืช ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข. ื‘ืฆื•ืง ืžื ืจื” ืžืงืคื™ื“ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืœื‘ ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื”ืžืงื™ืฃ ืืช ืคืืจืง ื”ืืงืกื˜ืจื™ื, ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืžืจืงื ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ืขื“ื™ืŸ. ื”ืจื›ื‘ืœ, ืžื’ืœืฉื•ืช ื”ื”ืจื™ื, ื”ืกื ืคืœื™ื ื’ ื•ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ืžืฉืชืœื‘ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฃ ืขื•ืฆืจ ื ืฉื™ืžื” ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ืชืฆืคื™ืช ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ื”, ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืžืขื•ืจืจืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฉื™ื. ื‘ืืชืจ ืืžืคื™ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™, ื›ืฉืคืกื’ื•ืช ื”ื”ืจื™ื ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ื•ืžืฉืจื•ืช ืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ื•ื” ื•ืจื•ื’ืข. ื‘ืืžืคื™, ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืžื•ืคืขื™ื ืžื•ืกื™ืงืœื™ื™ื ื•ืชืฆืคื™ืช ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืžืฆื•ืง ืืœ ืขืžืง ื”ื—ื•ืœื” ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ื’ื•ืœืŸ, ื”ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ื•ืœืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืจื’ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ืœื‘ื“- ื‘ื™ื—ื“. ืœื™ืœื” ื‘"ืžื ืจื” ืœื•ื“ื’" ืขื•ืœื” ื”ื—ืœ ืž-550 ืœื–ื•ื’ , ื•ื”ื—ืœ ืž-800 ืœื–ื•ื’ ืคืœื•ืก ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื•ืื– ื›ืœ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืœื™ื ื”. ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ืืžื™ืชื™. ื”ื“ืฉื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื•ืœ ื”ื—ื“ืจื™ื ืžื–ืžืŸ ืคื™ื ื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืคื•ื˜ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื•ืช ืงืง"ืœ ืœืžื ื’ืœื™ื. ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื•ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืžื•ืฆืข ืจื›ื‘ืœ ื”ื›ืกืฃ- ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื•ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื ื™ื™ื”ื ื• ืžืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืžื•ืฉืงืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ื‘ืฆื•ืง ืžื ืจื” โ€“ "ืจื›ื‘ืœ ื”ื›ืกืฃ". ืื“ืœ ืื“ืจื™, ืžื ื”ืœืช ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื‘ืฆื•ืง ืฆื™ื™ื ื”: "ื’ื™ื‘ืฉื ื• ืงื•ื ืกืคื˜ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื™ืช ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืจื’ืข ื”ื’ืขืชื ืœืฆื•ืง, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื’ื ื‘'ืืžืฆืขื™ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”' ื•ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืฆื•ืง. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืงื•ื ืกืคื˜ ื—ื“ืฉื ื™, ืžืจืชืง ื•ืžื’ื‘ืฉ ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืคืฉื•ืช ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ ื•ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืงื•ืคืกื ืœืื ืฉื™ื”ื. ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื™ื•ื ืฉืœื ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฆื‘ื™ืจืช 'ื›ืกืฃ ืžื ืจื”' ืžืจื’ืข ื”ื’ืขืชื•: ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื˜ืจื™ื•ื•ื™ื” ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ืžื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืœ, ื’ืœื™ืฉืช ืžืฆื•ืงื™ื ืืชื’ืจื™ืช, ืจื›ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืžื’ืœืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ื ืชื•ืš ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืื™ื, ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืชODT ืžื•ืชืืžื•ืช ืœืคื™ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื•ืขื•ื“". ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžืฆื•ืง, ื ืคืจืฆื• ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืขื ืงืง"ืœ, ืžืกืคืจ ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ื™ื, ืœื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื•ืจื›ื™ื‘ืช ืื•ืคื ื™ื-ื‘ื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืงื•ืฉื™ ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ืžื•ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื•ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืข ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื’ื•ืœืžื™, ื ื“ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืคื™ื•, ื”ืžืฉืœื‘ ืžืฆืคื•ืจื™ื, ืžื•ืจืฉืช ืงืจื‘, ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”, ื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”ืืจืฅ, ื–ื•ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ื‘ื•ื˜ื ื™ืงื” ื•ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืขื ืžื™ื–ื ื”ืจื›ื‘ืœ, ื›ื›ืœื™ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ืžืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืœืืจืฆื ื•. ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช, ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื•ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื. ืฆื•ืง ืžื ืจื”, ืขืœ ื”ืฆื™ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ืฉืœ ืืฆื‘ืข ื”ื’ืœื™ืœ, ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ 90 ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช ืœืงืจื™ื™ืช ืฉืžื•ื ื”. www.cliff.co.il 04-6908198 ืื• ื‘ื“ืฃ ื”ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง "ืฆื•ืง ืžื ืจื”-ื”ืืชื’ืจ ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™"
ืขื•ืดื“ ื’ื™ื ืื•ืคื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืœืคืจืกื ืืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื“ื™ ืกื•ืคืจ ืชืื ื™, ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืคืจืกื•ื ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ, ืคืงืก ืื• ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืฉืœ ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ืœื”ืกืจืช ืชื›ื ื™ื ืคื•ื’ืขื ื™ื™ื. ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ื”ืคืจืกื•ื " ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืฉื‘ืฉ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื” ื•ื—ื™ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื”" ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ ื‘ืชืดื ื ืขืชืจ ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ (ืจืืฉื•ืŸ) ืœื‘ืงืฉืช ืžื ื›ืดืœื™ืช ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืขื“ื™ ืกื•ืคืจ ืชืื ื™, ื•ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืฆื• ืžื ื™ืขื” ืœืขื•ืดื“ ื’ื™ื ืื•ืคื™ืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืœืคืจืกื ืืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื” ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื ื›ืดืœื™ืช ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืžื—ืื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ืฉืžื˜ืจืชื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืคืจืกื•ื ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ, ืคืงืก ืื• ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืฉืœ ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ืœื”ืกืจืช ืชื›ื ื™ื ืคื•ื’ืขื ื™ื™ื. ืขื•ืดื“ ืื•ืคื™ืจ, ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง, ื˜ืขืŸ ื›ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ื•ื ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ื ื•ืชื ืช ืžืขื ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืกืจืช ืชื›ื ื™ื ืคื•ื’ืขื ื™ื™ื ืžื”ืจืฉืช, ื•ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ืœืคืจืกื ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ, ืคืงืก ื•/ืื• ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื ืคื’ืขื™ ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืกืจืช ืชื›ื ื™ื ืคื•ื’ืขื ื™ื™ื. ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ื ืขืœ ื”ืกืจืช ืชื›ื ื™ื ืคื•ื’ืขื ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจืื™ืช ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ืื™ืจืœื ื“, ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืขืžื” ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื›ืœื™ื ืžืงื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื™ืžืžื” ื•ื”ืžืขื ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ืฉืคื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช.
ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืชื›ื ื™ ื”ืžื•ืกื™ืงื” ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฆืขื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ื ื•ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื. ืจืกื™ื‘ืจ 671 ืฉืœ ื™ืžืื”ื” ืชื•ืžืš ื’ื ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช DLNA ืฉืชืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ื ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื’ื ืžืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช. ืจืกื™ื‘ืจ ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ืงื•ืœื ื•ืข ื‘ื™ืชื™ืช ื—ื“ื™ืฉ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื™ืžืื”ื” . ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืชื›ื ื™ ื”ืžื•ืกื™ืงื” ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฆืขื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ื ื•ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื. ื”-671 ืชื•ืžืš ื’ื ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช DLNA ืฉืชืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ื ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื’ื ืžืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช. ื‘ืจืžื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืฉื™ืจ. 6 ื›ื ื™ืกื•ืช HDMI . ืœืจืกื™ื‘ืจ ืžืžืฉืง GUI ืžืชืงื“ื ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื ื•ื— ื•ืงืœ, ื›ื ื™ืกืช HDMI ืงื“ืžื™ืช, ืžื™ืงืจื•ืคื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ื‘ืจืฆื™ื” ืœื›ื™ื•ืœ ืžื•ืฉืœื ืฉืœ ื—ืœืœ ื”ื”ืื–ื ื”. ืœืจืกื™ื‘ืจ ื’ื ืžืขื‘ื“ื™ ืกืจืื•ื ื“ ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื ืœื”ื“ืžื™ื” ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”- CINEMA DSP 3D ืœื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ืกืจื˜ื™ื ื‘ืžืœื•ื ื”ืขื•ืฆืžื”. ื”ืจืกื™ื‘ืจ ืชื•ืžืš ื‘-7 ืขืจื•ืฆื™ื ื•ืžืฆื™ืข ื’ื ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื”ื’ื‘ืจื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื‘ื—ืœืœ ืื—ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช.
ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืฉืœื ื• ืžืชืืจืช ืืช ื”ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืขื ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืงืฉื™ื™ื ืฉื ืงืจื• ื‘ื“ืจื›ื• ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืžืฆืจื™ื. ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœื—ืฆื•ืช ืืช ื”ื™ื, ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœืœื ืžื™ื ืžืชื•ืงื™ื, ืœืœื ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ื•ื‘ืชื—ื ื” ื”ื‘ืื” ืœืœื ืžื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ. ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื”ื ืžื•ืชืงืคื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืขืžืœืงื™ื . ื”ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ื ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื ืกื™ื™ื. ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืกื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื›ืฉืœืขืฆืžื• ื•ื—ื•ืจื’ ืžื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช. ื™ื“ ื”ืืœ ืžืฉื“ื“ืช ืืช ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘. ืฉืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ืืœ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ื™ื—ืกื• ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืชื’ืœื” ืœืขื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื•ื‘ื”ืงืช ื•ื—ื“ ืžืฉืžืขื™ืช. ืจืืชื” ืฉืคื—ื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ื ืžื” ืฉืœื ืจืื” ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื•ื–ื™. ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืฆืคื™ื ืฉืกื“ืจื” ื›ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืชื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื‘ืกืกื• ื‘ืขื ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืœ ืฉืฉื•ืžืจ ื•ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ืขืœื™ื”ื. ืืžื ื ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืงืจื™ืขืช ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ, ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืชืžืœื ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”, ื•ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืื•ืžืจ "ื•ื™ืืžื™ื ื• ื‘ื”' ื•ื‘ืžืฉื” ืขื‘ื“ื•." ืืš ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ืื™ื ื” ืžื‘ืกืกืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืชื•ื“ืขืชื™. ืœืฆื“ ื”ืงืฉื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื ืกื™ื™ื ืฉืžืฉื” ืžืกืคืง, ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ื–ืจื ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืคืกืง ืฉืœ ืชืœื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื™ื™ืื•ืฉ. ื”ืจื•ืฉื ืฉื”ื ื™ืกื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžืฉืื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืชืคื•ื’ื’ ื‘ืžื”ืจื”. ืžื“ื•ืข ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืจืื• ื ื™ืกื™ื ื’ืœื•ื™ื™ื ื ื•ืชืจ ื”ืขื ื—ืกืจ ืืžื•ื ื”? ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื”, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืคื ื•ืช ืืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ื ื• ืœื“ืžื•ืช ืฉืžืงื‘ืœืช ืžืงื•ื ืฉื•ืœื™ ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ืฉืœื ื•: ืžืจื™ื ืื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื”. ืžื™ื›ื” ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืžืชืืจ ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืชื• ืžืžืฆืจื™ื: ืžืฉื”, ืื”ืจืŸ ื•ืžืจื™ื. ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืžืจ: ื›ื™ ื”ืขืœืชื™ืš ืžืืจืฅ ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืžื‘ื™ืช ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืคื“ื™ืชื™ืš ื•ืืฉืœื— ืœืคื ื™ืš ืืช ืžืฉื” ืื”ืจืŸ ื•ืžืจื™ื. ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืงื•ืจื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืœื ื™ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื’' ืคืกื•ืงื™ื, ื›ื ื’ื“ ืžืฉื” ืื”ืจื•ืŸ ื•ืžืจื™ื. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืงื•ืจื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืงื•ืจื, ืืช ืงื•ืœื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”, ืงื•ืœื• ืฉืœ ืื”ืจื•ืŸ ื•ืงื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืžืจื™ื. ืงื•ืœื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ื”ื•ื ืงื•ืœ ื”' ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืืœ ื”ืขื ืžืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื ื•ืชืŸ ืื•ืชื•ืช ื•ืžื•ืคืชื™ื. ื”ื•ื ืžืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœืขื ืืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื”'. ื–ื”ื• ืงื•ืœ ื”ืืœ ื”ื˜ืจื ืกื ื“ื ื˜ืœื™. ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื•ืžืขืœ ืœื˜ื‘ืข. ืžื”ื• ืงื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืžืจื™ื? ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืฉืžื•ืช ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืจื™ื ืฉื“ื•ืื’ืช ืœืจืš ื”ื ื•ืœื“ ื•ื ื™ืฆื‘ืช ืžืจื—ื•ืง ืœื“ืขื” ืžื” ื™ืขืฉื” ืœื•. ื”ื™ื ืฆื•ืคื” ื‘ื‘ืช ืคืจืขื” ื”ืžื•ืฉื” ืื•ืชื• ืžืŸ ื”ื™ืื•ืจ ื•ื“ื•ืื’ืช ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืืช ืืžื” ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืžื™ื ื™ืงืช ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื”ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ื›ืขื‘ืจื™. ืœืคื™ ื—ื–"ืœ, ืžืจื™ื ื”ื™ื ื–ืืช ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืจื” ืืช ืขืžืจื ืœื™ื•ื›ื‘ื“ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื• ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื™ืœื•ื“ื” ืžืฉืžืขื” ื—ื™ืกื•ืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. "ืคืจืขื” ื’ื–ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื–ื›ืจื™ื ื•ืืชื” ื’ื–ืจืช ืขืœ ื”ื–ื›ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื ืงื‘ื•ืช." โ€“ ืžืจื™ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ืืช ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ื›ื‘ื“ ื•ืขืžืจื ื‘ื’ืื•ืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื“ืื’ืชื” ื•ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื” ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืื•ืชื• ืœื”ื’ืฉืžืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื•. ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืžืจื™ื ืื™ื ืŸ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืืœื ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœื”ื’ืฉืžืช ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”. ืžืจื™ื ืœื ื–ืงื•ืงื” ืœื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ืคืจืกื•ื ืœื™ืช ื›ืžื• ืžืฉื”. ื”ื™ื ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื™ืฉืจ ื•ื”ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ืฆื™ื” ื•ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืžื” ืขืœื™ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช. ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื•ืื” ืฉืœื”. ื ื‘ื•ืื” ืฉืžืฉืžืขื” ืจืื™ื™ืช ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื•ืžืจืช ืžืจื™ื ืœืื”ืจืŸ "ื”ืจืง ืืš ื‘ืžืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื”' ื”ืœื ื’ื ื‘ื ื• ื“ื‘ืจ" ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ื–ืงื•ืงื” ืœื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช "ืคื” ืืœ ืคื” ื‘ืžืจืื” ื•ืœื ื‘ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช". ืขื‘ื•ืจื” ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื“ื”. ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืืช ื“ืจื›ื” ืืœ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”. ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ืงืจื™ืขืช ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ืฉื ื™ ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืฉืžืชืืจื™ื ืืช ืฉื™ืจืช ืžืจื™ื. ืฉื™ืจืช ืžืจื™ื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื›ื”ื“ ืœืฉื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”, ืืš ื”ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืงื•ืœ ืื—ืจ. ืฉื™ืจืช ืžืฉื” ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืžืชื— ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืฆืขืงืช ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ: "ื”ืžื‘ืœื™ ืื™ืŸ ืงื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ืœืงื—ืชื ื• ืœืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ!" ืžืฉื” ืฉืžืฆืœื™ื— ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื”ื ืก ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื ืืช ื”ื™ื, ื—ื•ื•ื” ืขื ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืช ืจื’ืข ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ื–ื”. ืื‘ืœ ืžืจื™ื ืœื•ืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฃ. ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฃ? ื”ืชื•ืฃ ืžืจืื” ืืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืœื ื ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉืืœื™ื” ื”ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืชืฆืœื™ื—. ื›ืฉื™ืฆืื” ืžืจื™ื ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ืคื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืจืืชื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืจื•ื—ื” ืืช ื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื™ื ืชื™ื–ืงืง ืœืชื•ืฃ ื•ื”ื™ื ืœื•ืงื—ืช ืื•ืชื• ืื™ืชื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ืฉื•ืœืคืช ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืจื’ืข ื”ืžืชืื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ื. ืžืฉื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืขื ื”ืขื ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ื” ืืช ื”ืคื ื™ืงื” ืฉืขื•ืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ืขื ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื™ืฆื‘ ื‘ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื” ืžืื™ื™ืžืช, ื”ืคื ื™ืงื” ื”ื–ื• ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื ื™ืกื™ื. ืชื•ืฃ ืžืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ื”ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืคื ื™ืงื”, ื”ื•ื ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื, ื•ืœื ื”ืคื—ื“ ืžื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ื”ื‘ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื ื’ื ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ืžืขื•ืจืจืช ืืช ื”ืขื ืœืžื—ื•ืœ ื•ื ื’ื™ื ื”, ื•ืจืง ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื ืืžืจ ื•ืชืขืŸ ืœื”ื ืžืจื™ื: ืฉื™ืจื• ืœื”' ื›ื™ ื’ืื” ื’ืื”. ื–ื• ืชืžื•ื ืช ืžืจืื” ืœืฉื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”. ืžืฉื” ืคื•ื ื” ืœืขื ื•ืื•ืžืจ: 'ืืฉื™ืจื” ืœื”' ื›ื™ ื’ืื” ื’ืื”', ื•ื”ืขื ืื•ืžืจ ืื—ืจื™ื• ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื”. ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ืžื™ื ื” ืืช ื”ืขื ืœืฆืืช ื‘ืชื•ืคื™ื ื•ืžื—ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืžืชื•ื›ื ืขื•ืœื” ื”ืฉื™ืจื”. ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืชื (ืกื•ื˜ื” ืคืจืง ื™"ื ื”ืœื›ื” ื—') ื ืืžืจ: "ืฉืœืฉื” ืคืจื ืกื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืขืžื“ื• ืœื”ืŸ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืืœื• ื”ืŸ: ืžืฉื” ื•ืื”ืจืŸ ื•ืžืจื™ื, ื•ืฉืœืฉ ืžืชื ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื ื™ืชื ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ื”ื, ื•ืืœื• ื”ืŸ: ื‘ืืจ, ื•ืขืžื•ื“ ืขื ืŸ, ื•ื”ืžืŸ. 'ืžืŸ' ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืžืฉื”, 'ืขืžื•ื“ ืขื ืŸ' ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืื”ืจืŸ, 'ื‘ืืจ' ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืžืจื™ื". ืžืฉื” ืžื–ื•ื”ื” ืขื ื”ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื ืžืœืžืขืœื” ืœืžื˜ื”, ืื”ืจืŸ ืžื–ื•ื”ื” ืขื ืขื ื ื™ ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืžืชื•ื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืžื” ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืžืฉ ืฉื”ื™ื ื’ื ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืฆืžื ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ื•ื”ื” ืขื ื”ื‘ืืจ. ืžืฉื” ืžื‘ื™ื ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืœืžืขืœื” ืœืžื˜ื”. ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืžืŸ, ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื ื™ืกื™ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื˜ื‘ืข ืืœ ืชื•ืš ื”ื˜ื‘ืข. ืžืจื™ื ืœืขื•ืžืชื•, ื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ืืจ, ื”ื™ื ืžื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื”ืžืคื›ื™ื ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื. ื”ื™ื ืคื•ืขืœืช ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉืœื” ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ื–"ืœ ืžื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœื” ืืช ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ื”ื‘ืืจ. ื”ื‘ืืจ ืฉืžืœื•ื•ื” ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ. ื—ื–"ืœ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืกืœืข ืžืžื ื• ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืžืฉื” ืžื™ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืจื” ืฉืœ ืžืจื™ื ืฉืคืกืงื” ืœื ื‘ื•ืข ืขื ืžื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืžืจื™ื. ืžืฉื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื—ืงื•ืงื” ืขืœ ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืื‘ื ื™ื, ืžืจื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ืฉื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืกืœืข. ืขืœ ืจ' ืขืงื™ื‘ื, ื”ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื”, ืžืกื•ืคืจ ื‘ืื‘ื•ืช ื“ืจื‘ื™ ื ืชืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื‘ืืจ ื•ืจื•ืื” ืฉื”ืžื™ื ืฉื•ื—ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืื‘ื ื™ื ื•ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื”. ื”ืื ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื‘ืื‘ื•ืช ื“ืจื‘ื™ ื ืชืŸ ืžืขืžื™ื“ ืืช ืจ' ืขืงื™ื‘ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื‘ืืจื” ืฉืœ ืžืจื™ื. ื‘ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ื”ื–ื” ื”ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืืจื” ืฉืœ ืžืจื™ื ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจืช ืžืฉื”. ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื” ืžืขืฆื‘ืช ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื›ืชื‘. ืชื•ืจืช ื”ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืืžืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉืœื• ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ืช ืืช ืชื•ืจืช ืžืฉื”. ืžื›ื•ื—ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื•ื ืจ' ืขืงื™ื‘ื ื•ืœืชืœื•ืช ืชืœื™ ืชื™ืœื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ืงื•ืฆื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื“. ืžืขืฉื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžืจื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžื•ืคืชื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื›ืžืขืฉื™ ืื—ื™ื” ืžืฉื” ื•ืื”ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืžืœื”ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื˜ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื ื—ืฉื™ื ื›ืžืขืฉื™ ื”ื—ืจื˜ื•ืžื™ื. ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืจื™ื ื”ื ืžืขืฉื™ื ืฉืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื ืื›ืคืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื™ื•ืฉืจื”. ื“ื‘ืจื™ื” ืœืื”ืจืŸ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื”ื›ื•ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœืงื— ืžืฉื” ืžืคื•ืจืฉื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ื›ื™ ืฉืžืขื” ืžืฆื™ืคื•ืจื” ืฉืžืฉื” ืคืจืฉ ืžืžื ื” ื•ื”ื’ื™ื“ื” ืœืื”ืจืŸ ื•ืœื ื ืชื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœื’ื ื•ืชื• ืขืœ ื›ืš ืืœื ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ืžืฉื” ืืœ ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื” ื›ืฉื ืฉื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื” ืืช ืื‘ื™ื” ืœืืžื”. ืžืจื™ื ืœื ื ืจืชืขืช ืžืœื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืื”ืจืŸ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืกืจื™ ื’ื ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืจื—ืงืชื” ืžืŸ ื”ืžื—ื ื” ืœืฉื‘ื•ืข ื™ืžื™ื. ืžืจื™ื ืžืฆื™ืขื” ืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื“ืจืš ื“ืชื™ืช ืฉืžืคื›ื” ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื‘ืืจ. ืฉืžืืžื™ื ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ืžื•ืกืจ ื•ื”ืฆื“ืง ืฉืœื”, ืฉืคื•ืขืœืช ืžืชื•ืš ืืžื•ื ื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ืื™ื ื” ืžื—ืคืฉืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื. ืฉืื™ื ื” ืžื—ื›ื” ืœื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ืฉืชื‘ื•ื, ืœืžืŸ ืฉื™ื‘ื•ื, ืœืžืฉื•ืจืจ ืฉื™ื‘ื•ื. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช ืฉืื™ื ื” ืžื—ื›ื” ืœื ืก ืืœื ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช. ื”ื™ื ืจื•ืื” ืขื•ื•ืœ ื•ืžืชืจื™ืขื” ืขืœื™ื•, ื’ื ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืจื—ืงื” ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžื—ื ื”. ื”ื‘ืœื—ืชื” ืฉืœ ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื‘ืฉืœื— ื”ื™ื ื”ืฆืขื” ืœื™ื—ืกื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ: ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ืชืคื™ืกื” ื“ืชื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืžื”ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืื™ืชื, ืžืฆื™ืขื” ืžืจื™ื ืชืคื™ืกื” ื“ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื‘ืชืคื™ืกื” ื›ื–ื• ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ "ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ื• ืื ืื™ืŸ?" ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืื—ืจืช: ืœื ื”ืื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืฉื•ืœื— ืœื ื• ืžืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืžืžื˜ื™ืจ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืžื™ื, ืืœื ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ื• ืœื™ื“ืข ืžื”ื• ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืขืฉื•ืชื• ืžืชื•ืš ื“ืื’ื” ื•ืื”ื‘ื” ืœื–ื•ืœืช. ืื– ื ื“ืข ื›ื™ ืžื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืคื›ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืืจื•ืชื™ื ื• ื•ื™ืฉ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ื•. ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืœืžืจื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ. ืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืฉืื•ืชื• ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ืฆื™ื” ื ืฉื™ืช, ืขืœ ืคื ื™ื• ื–ื• ื‘ืขื™ื” ืืžื•ื ื™ืช. ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื ื‘ื•ืื” ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ืฆื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื˜ืขื•ืช. ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื ืฆื•ื“ืง ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉืœืขืชื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœืื“ื ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ืฆื™ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ืžื›ื–ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ. ื‘ื›ืš ืžืงืจื”, ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืฉืงื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืžืจื™ื, ืงื•ืœื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืืคื™ืœื•, ืื™ื ื” ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืงื•ืœ ื”ยด, ื•ืœื•ืžืจ: "ืžืจื™ื ืœื ื–ืงื•ืงื” ืœื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ืคืจืกื•ื ืœื™ืช ื›ืžื• ืžืฉื”. ื”ื™ื ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื™ืฉืจ ื•ื”ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ืฆื™ื” ื•ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืžื” ืขืœื™ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช. ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื•ืื” ืฉืœื”" ื–ื• ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ. ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืื™ืชื™ ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžืืžืจื™ื ืฉืœืคื™ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื–"ืœ ืžืจื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื—ืช ืžืžื ื—ื™ืœื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงืฉืจ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื‘ื•ืืชื”. ื’ื ื”ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืขืฉื” ืขื ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื ื”ื•ื ื“ืจืฉื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืœืคื™ ื”ืคืฉื˜. ืจื™ืงื™ ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื” ืœื›ืชื•ื‘: "ืžืจื™ื ืžืฆื™ืขื” ืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื“ืจืš ื“ืชื™ืช ืฉืžืคื›ื” ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื‘ืืจ. ืฉืžืืžื™ื ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ืžื•ืกืจ ื•ื”ืฆื“ืง ืฉืœื”, ืฉืคื•ืขืœืช ืžืชื•ืš ืืžื•ื ื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ืื™ื ื” ืžื—ืคืฉืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื". ื–ื• ืฉื•ื‘ ื“ืจืฉื ื•ืช. ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืชื•ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืกืจ ืฉื”ืŸ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืขื™ื•ื•ืช. ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื–ื”, ื’ื ื›ืืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืงืฉืจ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื” ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ืฆื™ื” ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืฉื”ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ื˜ื•ืขื ืช ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœืžืจื™ื, ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื›ืœืœื” ืจื‘ืชื™ ืฉื›ืœ ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื‘ื˜ืŸ ืชืžื™ื“ ืฆื•ื“ืงืช, ื•ืขืœ ืคื™ ื–ื” ื ืงื‘ืข ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื™ื. ื–ื” ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืชื•ืจืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืœื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื“ืชื™ื™ื.
ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“, ืžืฆืืชื™ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ื‘ืžืจืคืืช ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ื, ืœื˜ืกื™ื ืœื—ื•"ืœ. ื”ืจืžืงื•ืœ ื”ืฉืžื™ืข ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื ืืช ืงืจื™ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืชื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื–ืžืŸ. ืจื•ื‘ื ืฉืœ ืืœื•, ื”ื™ื• ืžืงื•.. ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ืืชื ื™ ืฉืœ ื ื•ื•ื“ื™ื, ื”ืฉืžื—ื™ื ื‘ื—ืœืงื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืฉื™ืจื”. ื–ื”ื• ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื“ืœ..
ืืชื ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœื›ืš ื›ื™ ืžื” ืฉืžืฉื“ืจื’ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ืืช ื”ื ื•ืคืฉ ื”ื–ื•ื’ื™ ืฉืœื›ื, ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืœืœื ื›ืœ ืฆืœ ืฉืœ ืกืคืง ื”ืฉื”ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฆื™ืžืจื™ื ืขื ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ื•ืžืคื ืงืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืžื™ื ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ืœ ื‘ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื‘ืžืชื—ื. ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ืืช, ืืชื ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ืžื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืฆื™ืžืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื–ื”? ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื, ืฉื›ื™ื•ื, ื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆื™ืžืจื™ื ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขื ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื•ื’ ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ื ื•ืคืฉ ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ - ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืฆื™ืžืจ ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ ืขื ืžืชืงื ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื›ืœืœื™ื ื•ืžื”ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ื•ืจื’ืข ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื. ืœืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื”ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช, ืจืง ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื? ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื›ื, ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ืžืจ ืจื’ื™ืœ ืขื ื‘ืจื™ื›ื”, ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ืžืจื™ื ืœื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืขื ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ืœื›ืœ ืฆื™ืžืจ. ื”ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช. ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฆื™ืžืจื™ื ืœื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืขื ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช, ืื™ื ื›ื ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืืช ื”ืžืชื—ื ืขื ื–ื•ื’ ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื•ืื™ื ื›ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืืชื ืชื”ื™ื• ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” - ืืชื ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื‘ืจื™ื›ื”, ื•ืœืฉื”ื•ืช ื‘ื” ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืจืง ืชืจืฆื•. ื’'ืงื•ื–ื™ ,ืกืคื ื•ืฉืืจ ืคื™ื ื•ืงื™ื- ืœืคื™ ืจืฆื•ื ื›ื , ืœื˜ืขืžื›ื ื•ืœื”ืชืืžืชื›ื. ืžื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืฆื™ืžืจื™ื ืœืคื™ ืฉืขื” ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ? ืžื–ื’ืŸ, ื’'ืงื•ื–ื™ ืžืจื•ื•ื—,ืกืจื˜ื™ื, ืžื˜ื‘ื—ื• ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ ืคืจื—ื™ื, ื ืจื•ืช, ื™ื™ืŸ,ืกื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืฉืืจ ืชืžืจื•ืงื™ื ื•ืชืคื ื•ืงื™ื. ื‘ืฆื™ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืชื™ื”ื ื• ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืžืงืžื™ืŸ-ืชื ื•ืจ ืขืฆื™ื ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™.ื‘ืงื™ืฅ ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื™ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืžืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืงืจื™ืจ ื•ื ืขื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื™ื,ื‘ืœื™ ืœื—ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื–ื™ืข. ื—ื“ืจื™ ื›ื•ืฉืจ, ืžืชืงื ื™ ืกืคื•ืจื˜, ื’ืŸ ืฉืขืฉื•ืขื™ื, ืคื™ื ื•ืช ื—ื™ ,ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื.ืฆื™ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืืžื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืจื—. ืฆื™ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืœืคื™ ืฉืขื” ื–ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื” - ื‘ื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืขื™ื!!! ื›ืฉืืชื ืฉื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฆื™ืžืจื™ื ืœื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืขื ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช, ืืชื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ืคื™ื ื•ืงื™ื ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืฆื™ืžืจ. ืื ืชืจืฆื•, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื‘ืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื’'ืงื•ื–ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ื™, ื•ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ืžื—ืžืžืช ื•ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ื™ืฉ ืฆื™ืžืจื™ื ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขืจื•ืš ืœื›ื ืืจื•ื—ื” ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืื•ืจ ื ืจื•ืช - ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ื‘ืกืจื˜ื™ื. ืืชื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ื’ื ืœืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืžืจืคืกืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœื›ื, ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื”ืืงืœื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื, ื•ืžื”ืฉืงื˜ ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืฆื™ืžืจ. ืื ืืชื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื”ืคืชื™ืข ื›ืžื• ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืฉืœื›ื, ืœืžื” ื‘ืขืฆื ืฉืœื ืชื•ืฆื™ืื• ืื•ืชื ื‘ื”ืคืชืขื” ืืœ ืฆื™ืžืจ ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ ืขื ื‘ืจื™ื›ื”? ืฆื™ืžืจื™ื ืœื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืขื ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืžืชื ื” ืžืคื ืงืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ืื ืืช ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืคืชื™ืข ืืช ื‘ืขืœืš ืœื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ืœื“ืช, ื•ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืื•ืœื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ - ืืชื ืžื•ื–ืžื ื™ื ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืœืงื—ืช ืื•ืชื ื‘ื”ืคืชืขื” ืœืฆื™ืžืจ ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ ื•ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™.
ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืฉืืœื” ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื—ื•ืžืจืช ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ื. ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื•ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจืช ืžืขืฉื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื - ืœื ืžื•ืกืจื™ื™ื/ืขื‘ืจื•ืช. - ืœืื—ืจ ืœืคื’ื™ืฉื” 20 ื“ืงื•ืช, ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืœืื—ืจ ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ืžื›ืœืœื” 20 ื“ืงื•ืช. - ืื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื™ ืฉื’ื•ื ื‘ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ืืจ ืฉืœื•, ืœืžื™ ืฉืฉื•ื“ื“ ื‘ื ืง. - ืื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื–ืจื•ืง ื–ื‘ืœ ื•"ื‘ืจื—" ืžื”ืžืฉื™ืžื”, ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื™ ืฉืœื ืžืฉืœื ืขืœ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก. - ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืžืงืœืคืช ื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช ืขื•ืจ ืฉืฆืžื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืฆื™ืคื•ืจืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืœื ืกื•ืข ื‘ืฉื‘ืช. - ืื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืฆืขื•ืง ืขืœ ืื—ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืจืฆื—. ื”ืื ื–ื• ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ื ื›ื•ื ื”? ืื• ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ? ื™ืฉ ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช? ืืฉืžื— ืœื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ื•ืคื™ืจื•ื˜. ืื ืื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช, ืื– ืื™ืคื” ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื”ืงื• ื”ืื“ื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ื˜ื•ื‘, ืžื•ืกืจื™, ืœืื“ื ืฉืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื• (ื ืฉื•ื™ ืœื• ื•ื›ื“โ€™).. ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืœืžืจืฆื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ื›ืชื‘. ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืชื•ืจื ื™ืช ืฉืžื•ืชืจ "ืœืจืžื•ืช" ืžื•ืกื“ ืืงื“ืžื™? ื”ืื ื–ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืจ ืžืœืฉืงืจ ืœืื“ื ืคืจื˜ื™? ืœืื—ืจ? ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ื›ืš? ืืฉืžื— ืžืื•ื“ ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืื ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืืฉืžื— ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื. 1. ื—ืก ื•ืฉืœื•ื ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงืœื” ืœื—ืžื•ืจื”. ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืžืฉื•ื•ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืฆืขื•ืง ืขืœ ืื— ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืจืฆื— ืžืขื•ื•ืชืช ืืช ื›ืœ ืืžื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืกืจ. ื›ืฉืื“ื ืฆื•ืขืง ืขืœ ืื—ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืขื•ื ืฉ ืขืœ ื›ืš. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืจื•ืฆื— ื“ื™ื ื• ืžื•ื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ ืฉื‘ืขื•ื ืฉื™ื. ื—ืก ื•ื—ืœื™ืœื” ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืงืœื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื, ื–ื” ืขื™ื•ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื•ืกืจ, ืื“ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื• ืžืฉืงืœื™ื, ื•ืื“ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืคื” ื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื, ืœื“ืขืช ืฉืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืงืœื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืื›ืŸ ืงืœื•ืช, ื•ืœื“ืขืช ื’ื ืฉื”ื—ืžื•ืจื•ืช ื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืื‘ืง ื—ืจื™ืฃ. ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืฉืืœื” ืžืžื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืจื—ืง. ืื ืื“ื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื–ื™ื“ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืจืข, ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืจื—ืง ืžืžื ื•. ืื ืื“ื ื›ื•ืื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืจืข, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื“ื™ืง ื‘ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ื™ืขืฉื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืœื ื™ื—ื˜ื, ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืคืœ ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื, ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืจื—ืง ืžืžื ื•. ืจื•ื‘ ื›ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืงืจื‘ื™ื ืืœื™ื”ื ื•ืฉืžื—ื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื, ืจืง ืžืงืจื™ื ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืจื—ืงื™ื, ื•ืื ื™ืฉ ืกืคืง ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืขื ืื“ื ื—ื›ื. 2. ืœืจืžื•ืช ื•ื“ืื™ ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื—ืžื•ืจ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืฆื“ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืืช ื–ื”, ืœื ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ืขืฉื”, ืื"ื› ื›ืžื” ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“, ื•ืœื ืœื”ืขืชื™ืง ื‘ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ื. ืžืื™ื“ืš ืœืื—ืจ ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจ, ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืืงื“ืžืื™ื ื™ืฉ ืกืš ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื—ืจ, ื•ื™ืฉ ื›ืœืœื™ื ืขื“ ื›ืžื”, ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืœื›ืช ืœืคื™ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื. ืื ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืขื ื”ืžืจืฆื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ื–ืืช ืื• ืื—ืจืช ื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื’ืžื•ืจ. ืœืคื˜ืคื˜ ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื” ืœื ืจืื•ื™, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื—ืžื•ืจื” ื›ืžื• ื”ื’ื–ืœ ืฉื‘ื ืข"ื™ ืจืžืื•ืช ื‘ื”ืขืชืงืช ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืื• ื‘ืžืกื™ืจืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื ืฉืœื ื•. ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ืืช ื–ื” ืžืคืจื™ืข ืœืžื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื•ื•ืชื” ื•ืื”ื‘ืช ืœืจืขืš ื›ืžื•ืš, ื•ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื. ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืžื™ ืฉืžืจืžื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืขืžื“ืช ื”ืžื•ื›ื™ื— ื•ื”ืžื˜ื™ืฃ ืžื•ืกืจ ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ืชื•ืขืœืช ืืœื ืจืง ื ื–ืง. ืจืง ืื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื–ื•ืœืช ืœื“ืจืš ื”ื™ืฉืจ ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช. ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืื ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืืžืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื•ืงืœืงื•ืœ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืœื”ื˜ื™ืฃ ืžื•ืกืจ, ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืจืง ืžื–ื™ืง ื•ืœื ืžื•ืขื™ืœ.
ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืœืžื™ืžื•ืŸ 96 ืชืงื ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืชืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืจืคื•ืืช ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืื™ื ื” ืžืกืคื™ืงื”!! ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืชื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ 300 ืจื•ืคืื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื‘ืฉื ื” ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื–ื” ืืœื ืฉื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืžืฆื˜ืจืคื™ื ืจืง ื›ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื”. ื›ืš ืืžืจื” ื“"ืจ ืžื™ื›ืœ ืฉื ื™, ื™ื•"ืจ ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ืจื•ืคืื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื‘ื”ืจ"ื™, ืœื™ื•ืžื•ืŸ "ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜" ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืื“ืจื™ืืŸ ืคื™ืœื•ื˜. ื“"ืจ ืฉื ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื ื” ืฉืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ืจืคื•ืื” ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื›-60% ืืœื ืฉืœืจื•ื‘ ืืœื” ืื™ื ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื—ืฉืฃ ืœืชื—ื•ื ืจืคื•ืืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื•ื”ื”ืกืชื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ื‘ื—ืจื• ืœื”ืชืžื—ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื–ื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืืคืกื™ืช. ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื”ื•ื“ื’ืฉื• ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžื“ื•"ื— ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ืœืคื™ื• ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืืœืฃ ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืืจืฅ ืขืœื” ื‘-2014-2016 (ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืœืขื•ืžืช 2013ึพ2015) ื‘ื›ึพ6%. ืื•ืœื ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ื”ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื™ืจื“ ื‘ื›ึพ4% ื•ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืฆื ื— ื‘ึพ19%. ื”ืชื•ืฆืื”: ื”ืคืขืจ ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืœืืœืฃ ื ืคืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ืœื“ืจื•ื ืžื’ื™ืข ื›ื‘ืจ ืœึพ45%. ืขื•ื“ ื ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจื•ืคื ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืขืœ 19.7 ืฉืขื•ืช ืจื•ืคื ืœืืœืฃ ื ืคืฉ, ืœืขื•ืžืช 14.7 ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืืจ ืฉื‘ืข ื•ึพ14.8 ืฉืขื•ืช ืจื•ืคื ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ. ืขื•ื“ ื“ื•ื•ื— ื›ื™ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื•"ืž ืขื ื”ืื•ืฆืจ, ืกื•ื›ื ืขื ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืขืœ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืœืžื™ืžื•ืŸ 96 ืชืงื ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืชืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืจืคื•ืืช ืžืฉืคื—ื”. ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื™ืงืฆื” 100 ืืœืฃ ืฉืงืœ ืœืฉื ื” ืœืชืงืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ื‘ืคืจื™ืคืจื™ื” ื•ื›ึพ150 ืืœืฃ ืฉืงืœ ืœืชืงืŸ ื‘ืคืจื™ืคืจื™ื” ื•ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ 70-80 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ, ืืœื ืฉื–ื” ืžืขื˜ ืžื“ื™ ืžื›ืคื™ ืฉื ื“ืจืฉ.
ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ ื—ื“ืจื” ื’ื™ื™ืกื• 22 ืืœืฃ ืฉืงืœื™ื ื•ืจื›ืฉื• ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืžื™ืขื” ื—ื“ืฉ ืœืชื™ื ื•ืง ื‘ืŸ ืฉื ื”. ืจืืฉ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื, ื—ื–ืงื™ ืžื ืช, ื›ืชื‘ ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ื•: "ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื ื‘ืขื ืง" ืชื•ืš ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ ื—ื“ืจื” ืœื’ื™ื™ืก 22 ืืœืฃ ืฉืงืœ ื•ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืžื™ืขื” ื—ืœื•ืคื™ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืคืขื•ื˜ ื‘ืŸ ืฉื ื”, ืฉืžื›ืฉื™ืจื• ื”ื™ืงืจ ืื‘ื“. ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื™ืงืจื• ื”ื•ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืคืขื•ื˜, ื”ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื—ื“ืจื”, ืืช ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ืื, ื•ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื”, ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ืื‘ื“ ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืชืงืŸ. ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ ื—ื“ืจื” ืžื™ื”ืจื• ืœืคืจืกื ืืช ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืชืœ ื•ืืช ืชืžื•ื ืชื•, ืขื ื‘ืงืฉื” ืžืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืžื•ืฆืื•. "ืคื™ืจืกืžื ื• ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืœืžื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื, ืขื ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืžื™ ืฉื™ืจืื” ืฉืชืœ ื›ื–ื”, ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืœื•ืŸ ืจืžื“ื” ื•ื—ื•ืฃ ื›ืคืจ ื”ื™ื โ€” ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื˜ื™ื™ืœื” ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ, ื•ืงื™ื•ื•ื™ื ื• ืฉื›ืš ื™ืงืจื”", ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื—ื–ืงื™ ืžื ืช, ื”ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืจืืฉ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื. "ืื—ืช ืžืžืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ืช ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืจื™ ื”ืคืขื•ื˜, ื•ื›ืš ื”ืชื•ื•ื“ืขื ื• ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ื•ื™ืงืจ, ื•ืฉืœืžืฉืคื—ื” ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื›ืกืคื™ืช ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ". ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ืœืง ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ "ืฉืชืœ ืฉื‘ืœื•ืœื™", ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืชืงืŸ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ ื”ืžื•ื—ื“ืจ ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืœืื•ื–ืŸ ื•ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ื‘ื“ื™ ืฉืžื™ืขื” ืœืฉืžื•ืข. ื”ืฉืชืœ ืงื•ืœื˜ ืฆืœื™ืœื™ื ืžื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื•ืžืžื™ืจ ืื•ืชื ืœืื•ืชื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื, ืฉืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ื“ืจืš ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื“ื•ืช ืืœ ืขืฆื‘ ื”ืฉืžื™ืขื”. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื•ืืฉื• ื”ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืื‘ื•ื“, ื•ืžืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ืคืขื•ื˜ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืฉืžื™ืขื” ืžื•ื—ืœื˜, ื™ืฆืื• ืœืžื‘ืฆืข ื’ื™ื•ืก ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืืกืคื• ืืœืคื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื ื•ืจื›ืฉื• ืืช ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ. "ืชืจืžืชื, ื”ืคืฆืชื, ื’ื™ื™ืกืชื ื•ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื ื›ืžื• ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืœืคืขื•ื˜ ื”ืžืชื•ืง ืืช ื”ืชืงืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ืขื”. ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื ื‘ืขื ืง ื•ื”ืžื™ืœื” ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื ืชืกืคื™ืง ื›ืืŸ. ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ืžื•ืกืจืช ืœื›ื ืืช ืื”ื‘ืชื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื•ืืช ืชื•ื“ืชื”", ื›ืชื‘ ืžื ืช ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”.
โ–ผ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ: ืื™ืš ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืงืกื™ืช? ืื™ืš ืœื ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืงืกื™ืช? ืื™ืš ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืื”ื‘ื”? ืื™ืš ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืžื™ืฉื”ื•? ืื™ืš ืžื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื ืืงืกื™ื? ืื™ืš ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ื‘ืช ื–ื•ื’? ืื™ืš ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืจื”? ืื™ืš ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ื’ื‘ืจ? ื”ื—ื–ืจืช ืื”ื‘ื”, ืื™ืš ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืืงืก ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ? โ–ผ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ: ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื–ื•ืจ, ื”ื™ื ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืื•ืชื™ ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืžื™ืฉื”ื•, ืœืžื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื•ื’ื“ืช ื‘ื™? ื”ืืงืกื™ืช ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœืฆืืช ืขื ืžื™ืฉื”ื•, ืœืืงืก ื™ืฉ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื”, ืœืžื” ื”ื™ื ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืื•ืชื™? ืื™ืš ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื”? ืื™ืš ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืืงืกื™ืช ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืืœื™? ืื™ืš ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื” ืืœื™? ืื™ืš ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื? โ–ผ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ: ืขื‘ืจ / ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื’ืœื’ืœ ืœืื—ื•ืจ - ืœืžื” ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื’ืœื’ืœ ืื—ื•ืจื”? ืื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช? โ–ผ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ: ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื’ืœื’ืœ ืœืื—ื•ืจ / ืขื‘ืจ - ื”ืื ื•ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื’ืœื’ืœ ืื—ื•ืจื”?
ื”ื—ื–ืงืช ืกื ืœืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช - ืœืคื™ ืกืขื™ืคื™ื 7 (ื) ื•-(ื’) ืกื™ืคื ืœืคืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืกืžื™ื ื”ืžืกื•ื›ื ื™ื [ื ื•ืกื— ื—ื“ืฉ] ื”ืชืฉืœ"ื’ - 1973. 1. ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2009 ื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื”ื ืืฉื ื›-1.6 ื’ืจื "ื—ืฉื™ืฉ" ืœืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช. ื. 3 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ืžืืกืจ ืžื•ืชื ื™ื, ืœืžืฉืš ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื, ื•ื”ืชื ืื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื ืืฉื ืœื ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื™ื–ื• ืžื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื•ืจืฉืข, ืื• ื›ืœ ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืคืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืกืžื™ื ื”ืžืกื•ื›ื ื™ื. ื‘. ื”ื ืืฉื ื™ื—ืชื•ื ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืกืš 1,500 ืฉ"ื— ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื” ืžื”ื™ื•ื ืžืื™ื–ื” ืžื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื•ืจืฉืข. ืœื ื™ื—ืชื•ื ื™ื™ืืกืจ ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ 15 ื™ืžื™ื. ื’. ื”ืกืžื™ื ื™ื•ืฉืžื“ื•.
ืžื™ ื”ื ื”ืžื ื“ืคื™ื ื•ืžื” ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื? ื›ืœ ืžืกืขื“ื” ืื• ื‘ื™ืช ืขืกืง ืฉืžืชืขืกืง ื‘ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื›ื™ืœ ืžื˜ื‘ื— ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ ืคื•ืœื˜ ื›ืžื•ืช ืขืฉืŸ ื“ื•ืœื” ืžื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœื™ื. ืขืฉืŸ ื–ื” ืžื›ื™ืœ ืฉืžืŸ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืœืงื—, ื™ื—ืก ืขื ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื˜ื‘ื— ื”ืฉื’ืจืชื™ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืขื“ ื“ืœื™ืงื” ื•ืฉืจื™ืคื” ืจืฆื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืชืขืœื•ืช ื”ืื•ื•ืจื•ืจ ืฉืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืœืง ืืช ื”ืขืฉืŸ ืืœ ืžื—ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืขืกืง ื ืงืจืื•ืช ืžื ื“ืคื™ื. ื”ืžื ื“ืคื™ื ืžืกืœืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืฉืŸ ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื ืžืคืจื™ืขื” ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ื˜ื— ืฉืœื ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช. ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืคื•ืขืœืช ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ืžื˜ื‘ื— ืคืขื™ืœ ื•ื›ืš ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชืงื™ื ื”. ืžื” ื”ืกื›ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื ื“ืคื™ื ืœืžืกืขื“ื•ืช? ื›ืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื ื™ื“ื•ืฃ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื’ื ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืืฉ ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช. ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืืฉ ืœืžื ื“ืคื™ื ื‘ืžืกืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ื•ืช ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืขืฉืŸ ื ืคืœื˜ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื, ื”ืจื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืžื˜ื‘ื— ืขื•ื‘ื“, ืœื›ืŸ ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ืฉืžืŸ ื•ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ืœื™ืงื™ื ืžืื•ื“. ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื”ืืฉ ืชื”ื™ื” ื—ื–ืงื”, ื’ืฅ ืฉืœ ืืฉ ืื• ื ื™ืฆื•ืฅ ื™ืขื•ืคื• ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื›ื•ืœื ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื“ืœืง. ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืœืกื›ืŸ ืœื ืจืง ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืืœื ืืช ื›ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืžืกืขื“ื”. ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืืฉ ืœืžืกืขื“ื•ืช? โ€ข ื›ืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื™ื›ืœ ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืื—ื“. ื”ื ื•ื–ืœ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืชื™ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื ืžืกื›ืŸ ืื™ืฉ, ืื™ื ื• ื’ื•ืจื ื ื–ืง ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื•ื’ื ืœื ืœืคืœื“ื” ืื• ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื”ืจืก ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื‘ืœื™ื™ื” ื•ื—ืœื•ื“ื”. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืื™ื ื ืคื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ืžื˜ื‘ื—, ื”ืจื™ ื™ืฉ ืžืกืขื“ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ืžื˜ื‘ื— ืฉืœื”ืŸ ืคืชื•ื— ืœืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ื›ืœ ืกื•ืขื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืจืฉื ืžืžื ื•, ื–ื”ื• ื—ืœืง ืžืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืžืกืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™. ืœื›ืŸ ืื“ื ืฉื—ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืžื˜ื‘ื— ื•ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืกืขื“ื” ื›ื•ืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ื“ืื’ื” ืžืœื‘ื• ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืœื ืกื•ืชืจืช ืืช ื”ื ืจืื•ืช. โ€ข ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื›ื™ืœื” ื—ื™ื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ืฉืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื .ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ: ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ืขื•ืœื”, ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืฉื—ืจืจืช ืืช ื”ื ื•ื–ืœ ืืœ ืชื•ืš ืชืขืœื•ืช ื”ืื•ื•ืจื•ืจ, ื”ืžื ื“ืคื™ื, ื•ื’ื ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืฉืจื™ืคื” ืœื ืชืชืคืฉื˜, ื•ื›ืš ื”ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืžืชื‘ืฆืข ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช. ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ื™ืฉ ืžืคืกืง ื—ื™ืจื•ื ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืžื”ืžื˜ื‘ื— ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืขืช ืฆืจื” ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ืžื˜ื‘ื— ืœืฆืืช ื•ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช. โ€ข ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ื—ื•ื›ืžื”: ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื˜ื‘ื— ื‘ื”ื ื™ืฉ ืžื•ืงื“ื™ ืืฉ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื›ืžื• ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื˜ื™ื’ื•ืŸ, ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ื›ืžื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื ื•ื–ืœ. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืคื—ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืžื” ืฉืžืชืื™ื ืœื”ื. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื›ื‘ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ืืช ื”ื’ื– ื•ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืฉืจื™ืคื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื•ืžืื™ืคื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืืฉ ืœืžื ื“ืคื™ื ื‘ืžืกืขื“ื•ืช? ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืžืกืคืงืช ืœื›ื ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื ื™ื“ื•ืฃ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกืคืง ืœื›ื ื’ื ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื”ืืฉ ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืื• ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืžื™ื’ื•ืŸ ืืฉ ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื ืžืฆืื• ืชื‘ืฉื•ืง. ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืชืœื•ื™ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื” ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืžืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืฉืงืœื™ื ืœืžื˜ื‘ื— ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ืขื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขืฉืจืช ืืœืคื™ื ืฉืงืœื™ื ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื˜ื‘ื— ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ืจืžืช ื”ืฉื›ืœื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื•ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืชืงื ื™ื ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžื›ืœ ื•ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื•ื’ื ืœื‘ืงืฉ ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืคื•ืจื˜ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืคืขืœื” ื•ื’ื ื”ื“ื’ืžื”. ื”ืคื•ืกื˜ ื”ืงื•ื“ืื›ืžื” ืขื•ืœื” ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืืฉ ืœืžื ื“ืคื™ื?
ืื—ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืขืจื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ื™ื ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ื‘ืจื–ื•ืช. ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื‘ืจื™ื–ื™ื ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœืœื ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื“ืขืช. ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉืœื‘ ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื“ืขืช ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื”? ื‘ืขื‘ืจ, ื”ืฆื’ื ื• ื‘ืคื™ื ืชื ื• ืžืืžืจ ื‘ืฉื "ืžื” ืฉืœื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ" ื•ื‘ื• ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืื“ื-ื‘ืืฉืจ-ื”ื•ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ืžื“ืขื™ื, ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”, ืื–ืจื—ื•ืช ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืคืจื ืฆื™ืืœื™ ื•ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืœื™ ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื•ื›ื—ื™ื ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื ื” ืžืกื™ื•ื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื”ื. ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื”ื–ื• ืžื›ื›ื‘ื™ื ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื–ืžืŸ, ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ืขื“ื™ื, ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš ื•ืงืฆืจ, ื•ื™ืกื•ืช ืจื’ืฉื•ืช, ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืœื ืจืฆื•ื™ื™ื, ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ื•ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช. ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ, ื‘ื•ื’ืจ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืกื™ื™ื ืขื ืชืขื•ื“ืช 12 ืฉื ื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื•ืชืขื•ื“ืช ื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ืืš ืขื ื—ืกืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ ื›ื™ืœื“, ื›ืžืชื‘ื’ืจ ื•ื›ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ. ืื—ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืขืจื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ื™ื ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ื‘ืจื–ื•ืช. ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื›ืœ ืฉืชืœืžื™ื“ ืฉืžื‘ืจื™ื– ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ื–ืงื•ืง ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™. ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื›ืœ ืฉืชืœืžื™ื“ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• 100% ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื–ืงื•ืง ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืื‘ืœ ืžืกื•ื’ ืื—ืจ... ืืœื• ื•ืืœื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืœื™ ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ. ืืš ืžื” ืขื ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืžื‘ืจื™ื–ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืžืคืกื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืžืื“ ืขืœ ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื”ื? ืœื ื—ืงืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ื›ืžื•ืชื™, ืืš ืžื”ืชืจืฉืžื•ืชื™ ื•ืžื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™, ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืื“ ืžื‘ืจื™ื–ื™ื ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœืœื ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื“ืขืช, ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ "ื”ืกื›ื ื”" ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื•ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช. ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ื”ืขืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืž"ื“ ื›ื’ื•ืŸ, ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืื•ืœืคื ื•ืช, ืžืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื™ื•ื ืืจื•ืš ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ื•ืช. ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžืกื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉืขื” 2, ื”ื—ืžื“ื™ื•"ืช ื ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืขืžื•ืง ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืขืจื‘ ื•ื”ืœื™ืœื” (ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ื ื”ื•ื’ "ืกื“ืจ ืขืจื‘"). ื›ืฉืืชื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœืžืชื‘ื’ืจ ื•ืœืžืชื‘ื’ืจืช ืกื“ืจ ื™ื•ื ืขืžื•ืก ื›ืœ ื›ืš, ืืชื” ื‘ืขืฆื ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื ืฉื”ื”ื‘ืจื–ื” ื‘ื ื•ื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช, ื›ื™ ืžื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘10 ืฉืขื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข? ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืื ืžืขืœื™ืžื™ื ืขื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืžืื•ืชืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื–ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืฆื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ "ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ื›ืš!" ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืคื ืชื™ ืœื”ื™ืคืจื“ ืžื”ืฆืœืฆื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื”ืคืกืงื•ืช ื•ืกื™ื•ืžืŸ ืžืชื•ืš ืืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœืฉืขื•ืŸ, ื•ื™ืฉ ืคื” ื•ืฉื ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ื•ืชื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืืžืฆื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืื• ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืืžื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื. ื‘ืจื•ื— ื–ื•, ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ื”ืฆืขื” ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื, ืฉืขื™ืงืจื”: ืื—ื•ื– ื”ื™ืขื“ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื™ ืœื›ืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืขืœืื” ื“ื™ืคืจื ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ ืฉืœื ื ื™ืฆืœ ืืช ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ืขื“ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื•. ื›ืš ื ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืžื•ืŸ ื•ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ืžื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืžื‘ืจื™ื–ื™ื โ€“ ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื. ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืžื‘ืจื™ื–ื™ื ื•ืื ื• ืžืขืœื™ืžื™ื ืขื™ืŸ. ืื ื• ืžืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื•ืœื ืื•ื›ืคื™ื ืื•ืชื”. ื›ืฉื”ืžื™ืœื” ืฉืœื ื• ืื™ื ื” ืžื™ืœื”, ื”ืื ืื™ื ื ื• ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื‘ืžื• ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ืœืจืคื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืžืขืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ? ืื ืื™ืžืฆื ื• ืืช ื”ื”ืฆืขื” ื”ื–ื•, ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืื ืœื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจ, ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื˜ืžืขืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ. ืืš ืื ื ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ืžืชื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช, ืœื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื ื”ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ืจื–ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื. ืงื— ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช, ื•ืกื“ืจ ืœืš ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื”ื‘ืจื–ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช ืฉืœืš. ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื: ืžื” ืžืื–ืŸ ื”ื”ื‘ืจื–ื•ืช ืฉืœืš ืขื“ ื›ื”, ื‘ืื™ืœื• ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื›ื™: ื”ืคืกื“ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื—ื•ืžืจ, ื™ืฉ ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืงืจื•ื‘, ื”ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ืš ื•ื›ื•'. ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืกื™ืžื ืช ืืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืงืจื•ื‘, ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืžืื™ืœื• ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืืคืฉืจื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจืš ืœื”ื‘ืจื™ื–. ื—ืฉื•ึนื‘ ืชืžื™ื“ ืงื“ื™ืžื”! โ€“ ื”ืื ืชืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ื‘ืจื™ื– ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ืชื ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื? 1. ื”ืื ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ื–ืงื•ืง ืœื”ื‘ืจื™ื–? 2. ืื ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ื–ืงื•ืง ืœื”ื‘ืจื–ื” ื”ื™ื•ื, ื”ืื ืœื”ื‘ืจื™ื– ืžื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ื“ื•ื•ืงื? ืื ืื™ื ืš ื–ืงื•ืง ืœื˜ืขื ื”ืžืชื•ืง ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื‘ืจื–ื”, ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืกื’ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื ื”ืžื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื ืžืื–ื ื™ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ. ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื’ืฉืช ืœืžื•ืจื” ื•ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืœื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืžื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื›ื™ ืืชื” ื–ืงื•ืง ืœืžื ื•ื—ื”, ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื“ื—ื•ืฃ ืœืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืงืจื•ื‘ ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉื”ืžื•ืจื” ื™ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ื›ื ื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื•ื™ืกื™ื™ืข ืœืš. ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื–ื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื•ืช ื•ืžื•ืขื™ืœื•ืช!
ื™ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœืชืงืฉืจ ื•ืฉืืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ื ืื ืื ื™ ืžืงืฉื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ืžืฉื•ื ื”ื”ื™ืชืคืกื•ืช ืœืชื•ื›ื ื” ื”ื™ืฉื ื”, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืื ื™ ืœื "ื”ืขื™ืงืฉืช" ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉืžืชืงืฉื” ืœื”ื™ืคืจื“ ืžืžื ื”. ืขื–ืจื”: "ืœื, ืื™ื ืš ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื•ื–ื” ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืืช ืœืคืชื•ืจ - ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ื“ืข ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืœืขืœื•ืช ื•ืœืชืคื•ืก ืืช ืžืงื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ืืจืฆื™ ื›ืžื ื—ื”, ื›ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ื›ืžืื™ืจ. ื”ืงืฉื™ื™ื ืื™ื ื ื ืชืคืกื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื ื• ื›""ื˜ืคืฉื™ื™ื"", ื›ืขื™ืงืฉื•ืช, ืืœื ื›ืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืช ื•ื–ื” ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืชืคื™ืกื”. ืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืช ื”ืืจืฆื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœื”ื™ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ื•ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื•. ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื™ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืคืจืคืจ ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื™: ื”ืื ื™ืฉื ื” ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืฉืœื‘ื™ ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืขื“ ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•? ื–ื”ื• ื“ืคื•ืก ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ, ืขืœ ืคื™ื• ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื•ืขื“ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื ื•ืฆืจ ื“ืคื•ืก ืงื™ื•ืžื™ ื—ืœื•ืคื™ ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืคืจืคืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจ ืžื‘ืœื™ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ ืืช ืœื™ื“ืชื•, ืื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ืคื•ืก". ื“ื•ืจื™ืช: ื–ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื, ื”ื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื–ืืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ืืช ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื ื•, ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ืคื•ืก ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™. ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื ื• ื›ืžื™ ืฉืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืฉืจื™ื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื•ืœื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ, ืฉื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•. ืœื›ืŸ, ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืžืฉืชื ื”, ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืžืชื—ืœืคืช. ืขื–ืจื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ื”ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ื—ืœื•ืคื™ื™ื. ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ืฉืœื ื•, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉื—ื–ืจื™ื ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ืžืฆื‘. ื ื–ื›ืจืชื™ ืฉื”ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ื›ื™ืจื•ืŸ ื•ืขืœ ืื•ืจืื ื•ืก ื›ืขืœ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืฉืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื›ืžืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ืžื—ืงืจ. ืžืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ืžื—ืงืจ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™, ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืช, ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืขื ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื”. ืฉืืœื”: ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื• ืขื ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉื•ื ื”. ื“ื•ืจื™ืช: ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื• ืขื ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉื•ื ื” (ื•ืื™ื ื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ืžื”) ื•ืขื ืžื™ืคืชื— ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื— ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืจ. ืฉืืœื”: ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืช ื ืฉืžื•ืช ืขื ืžื™ืคืชื— ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืงื˜ืŸ? ื“ื•ืจื™ืช: ื›ืŸ, ื›ื™ ืœื ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื‘ื—ืจื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉื‘ื—ืจื• ื™ืœื“ื™ ื”ืื™ื ื“ื™ื’ื•, ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ืงืจื™ืกื˜ืœ. ืœื ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื–ืืช ื”ื ื™ืœื“ื™ ืงืจื™ืกื˜ืœ. ื–ื” ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืชื•ื“ืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ืืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ื™ืฉื ื”. ืฉืืœื”: ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ื™ืฉื ื”? ื“ื•ืจื™ืช: ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื” ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืคื—ื“, ื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื” ืžืขื’ืœ. ืขื–ืจื”: "ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉื’ื ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืคื™ื–ื™ืช, ืจื’ืฉื™ืช, ืžื ื˜ืืœื™ืช ื•ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืืฆืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ืžื•ืฉืคืขื™ื ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžื“ืคื•ืก ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื™ ื–ื”. ืžื›ืืŸ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื• ืœื”ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืขื ืฆื•ืจืš "ืœืฉืงื•ืข ืขืžื•ืง ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืขืœื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”", ืื• "ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉ...ื“ื‘ืจ ื ืื• ื‘ ื™ืชืจื—ืฉ", ืื• "ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ืชืืžืฅ, ืœืขืžื•ืœ ืื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืงืฉื” ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉ...", ืฉืœื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœืขืจืš, ืœืื’ื• ืื ื•ืฉื™, ื”ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•. ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื›ืœ ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื•. ื–ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื–ืืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื” ื”ื™ืฉื ื” ื•ืขืœ ืคื™ื” ืžืชืืคืฉืจื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ. ื”ื”ืชื ืกื•ืช ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ืœื ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื–ืจ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืœืžื”ื•ืช ืฉืื ื•. ื–ืžืŸ ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ืกื‘ืœื ื•ืช, ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื, ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืžื•ืคืชื™, ื‘ืžื™ืฆื•ื™ ืคืจืคืงื˜ื™, ื•ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ืืœื”. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืขืจืš ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืชื™ ืฉืœื ื”ืžื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื•, ื”ืžืกืคืง ื—ื™ื™ื, ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ืฉื•ื ื“ืขืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืœืฉื ื•ืชื• ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื–ื” "ืงื“ื•ืฉ"". ื“ื•ืจื™ืช: ื–ื” ื ื•ื’ืข ื‘ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื”ืคื—ื“ ื”ื›ื™ ืจืฆื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•. ื–ื” ืœื ืกืชื ื”ืคื—ื“ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื›ื™ ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืฉื ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื”, ื”ืฉื˜ื™ื— ืžืชื—ืช ืœืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ื™ื™ืžืฉืš. ื–ื” ืงื˜ืข ืฉืœ ืคื—ื“ ื›ืœื™ื”, ืคื—ื“ ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ. ืขื–ืจื”: "ืืช ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ืฉื”ืคื—ื“ ืžืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ื•ืžื—ืกืœ ื›ืœ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืื• ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืกื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”, ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืช. ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืชืคื™ืกื” ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืžืชื‘ืงืฉ, ืฉื›ืŸ ืœืœื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืชืคื™ืกื” ื•ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื“ืคื•ืก ื”ืืจืฆื™ ื”ื•ื ื“ืคื•ืก ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ืœืœื ืกื›ื ืช ื›ืœื™ื”, ืœื ื™ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™. ืื™ืŸ ืคืœื, ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ืฉืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื ื™ืกื” ืœืกืชื•ืจ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืงื™ื•ื ื ื“ื—ื”, ืกื•ืœืง, ื”ื•ืขืœื” ืขืœ ืžื•ืงื“ ื•ื›ื“', ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื”ืขืœื” ืืช ื—ืžืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื, ื”ืžื•ืกืจ, ื”ืกื“ืจ ื•ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ืืœื”. ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืกื•ืชืจ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ, ื•ืœื• ืื“ื ืื—ื“, ืฉืื™ื ื• ื ืฉืžื”, ื”ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ื‘ืชืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืข ืฉืœื”, ืฉื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื•ื ื›ื“ื•ืจ ืœื™ืžื•ื“, ื”ืชื ืกื•ืช ื•ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื•ื›ื™ ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช. ื”ื”ื™ืฆืžื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืœื—ื•ืงื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืžื•ื“ืข ื•ืขืจ. ืืช ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืคื—ื“ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืจืžื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ืช, ื•ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืคื—ื“ ื™ืฉื ื• ืื™ื•ื ืžืคื ื™ื•, ื•ื›ืฉื™ืฉื ื• ืื™ื•ื ื ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื’ื ื ืชื™ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืืœื” ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื—ื•ืงื™ื, ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ื•ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืžื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื ื‘ืขื• ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืคื›ื• ืœืืžืช ื™ืฆื•ืงื” - "ื›ื›ื” ื–ื”", ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ืจืจื™ืŸ ื•ืฉืืœื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืืœื™ื. ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืชื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืขืฆืžืŸ ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืชืžื•ืกืกื•ืช, ืžื’ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืกืคืงื•ืช ืžืกื’ืจืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืžื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืื›ื–ืจ ืฉื‘ื—ื•ืฅ". ื“ื•ืจื™ืช: ืžืฉื—ืจ ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื™ ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืชืจืฉืžืช ืžืžืขืžื“, ืžืชื•ืืจ, ืžื—ืฆืจ ืžืœื•ื›ื” ื•ื›ื“'. ืื ื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืžืชืจืฉืžืช ืžืื ืฉื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื, ืžืื•ื“ ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ืœืžืขืŸ ืื—ืจื™ื, ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื”ื "ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื". ืื ื™ ืžืชืคืขืœืช ืžื”ืžื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื. ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจืช ืฉื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื™ืœื“ื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื™ ืžืื•ื“ ื”ืชืคืขืœื” ืžืžืœื›ืช ืื ื’ืœื™ื” ื•ืžื—ืฆืจ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช. ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื–ื™ื– ืœื™ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ. ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื” ืฉื’ื ื”ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฆืจื›ื™ื. ื”ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ื ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืคื” ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื”. ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื—ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืืช ืื•ืชื” ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ื•ื”ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืžื”. ื”ื ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื‘ืื• ืžืžืงื•ื ืฉืœ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ืขืจืš ื•ืฉืื“ื ืœื ื ื™ื›ืจ ื‘ื›ืกืคื• ื•ื‘ืžืขืžื“ื• ืืœื ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœื•, ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœื•, ื‘ื—ื•ื›ืžื” ื•ื‘ืชื‘ื•ื ื” ืฉืœื•, ื‘ื›ื™ืฉืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื•ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื•ื–ื” ื’ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘ ืื ืืœืคื‘ื™ืช. ื”ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืžืจื• ืœื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ืขืœ ื”ืงื˜ืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืœืงื˜ืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™. ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืฉืงืจื™ื, ืฉืžืจืžื™ื, ืฉื’ื•ื ื‘ื™ื. ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืขื•ืœื” ื”ืื’ืจืกื™ื” ืฉืœื™. ื‘ืกืคืจ ืขืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื™ื ื”ืขืชื™ืงื”, ื’'ื•ืŸ ื’ืจืื ื˜ ืžืกืคืจืช ืขืœ ืกืงื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืช ืคืจืขื”, ืฉื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืคืจืขื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื. ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืขื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜. ื”ื™ื ืžืกืคืจืช ืฉืกื’ืŸ ืžื•ืฉืœ ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ื‘ื ืœื“ื•ื•ื— ืœืกืงื™ื˜ื” ืฉื”ืžื•ืฉืœ ื ืคื˜ืจ ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื• ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื™ืœื ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื ืืžื ื”. ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืœื• ืฉื”ื™ื ืชืฉืงื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ืฉืœื• ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉื” ืžืžื ื• ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ื™ืžื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื•. ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื ื—ืœืžื” ืขืœ ืกื™ืจื” ืฉืฉื˜ื” ื‘ื ื™ืœื•ืก. (ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืืช ื”ืžืชื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืจื”), ื•ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืฉื•ืชื” ืžื”ืžื™ื ื•ื ื•ืคืœืช ืžืชื” ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืจื”. ื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ืฉื”ืกื’ืŸ ื”ืจืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฉืœ. ื›ืฉืกื’ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืฉืœ ื—ื–ืจ ื•ืขืžื“ ืœืคื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื” ืœื• ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืจืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฉืœ ื•ืฉื”ืขื•ื ืฉ ืฉืœื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉืžื”ื™ื•ื ื•ื”ืœืื” ื”ื•ื ื™ื’ื•ืจ ื‘ืืจืžื•ื ื”, ื™ืงื‘ืœ ื™ื—ืก ื›ื™ืื•ืช ืœืกื’ืŸ ืžื•ืฉืœ ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื. ื”ื•ื ื™ืื›ืœ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืžื•ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื”. ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืืช ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœื• ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฆืืช ืžืžื ื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื“ืข ืžืชื™ ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื•ื’ืฉ ืœื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืจืขืœ. ืืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื ื”ืจืขื™ืœื• ืืฃ ืคืขื ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžืช ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ื”ื•ื ืฆื™ืคื” ืœื–ื”, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืืžื•ืŸ, ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื• ืืžื•ื ื”, ื”ื•ื ืคื—ื“. ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื•ืช. ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืœื ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืืฉื. ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืขื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœืฆืืช ืขื ื–ื” ืื—ืจ ื›ืš, ื•ืœืื• ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืœื—ืชื•ืš ืืช ื”ื™ื“ ืื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ืื’ืจืกื™ื‘ื™ ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืœืžื™ื“ื”. ื”ืขื•ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ืช. ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืฉืœื ื ื—ื•ืฅ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœืชืช ืขื•ื ืฉ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžืชืืคืฉืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช. ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ืขืชื™ืงื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ืขืจืš ืžืœื ื•ืžืื•ื“ ืžื›ื‘ื“ืช. ื’ื ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืขืฉื” ืžืขืฉื” ืื™ื•ื ื•ื ื•ืจื, ื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืฉืžื” ื˜ื”ื•ืจื” ืฉื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืคื™ื–ื™ ื•ืขืฉืชื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ื•ื ื•ื ื•ืจื. ื–ื” ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื•ืœื ื”ืขื•ืฉื”. ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกื‘ืœื ื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื›ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืฉื”ื ื ืฉืžื” ื˜ื”ื•ืจื” ืื‘ืœ ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื™ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš. ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจืงืข ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจ ืฉื”ื ืืžืจื• ืœื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื–ื” ื•ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช. ืขื–ืจื”: "ืืช ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉื›ืœ ื–ื” ืื™ื ื ื• ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื›ืืžืช ื™ืงื•ืžื™ืช ื•ืืช ืžืฉื—ืจ ื™ืœื“ื•ืชืš ืื™ื ืš ืžืงื‘ืœืช ื•/ืื• ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืœื›ืœ ื”"ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื•ืช". ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื ืชืชื‘ื•ื ื ื™ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืกืชื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฆื™ ืชื‘ื™ื ื™ ืฉื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื–ื• ืœื ืžื›ื‘ื“ืช ืœื ืื•ืชืš ื•ืœื ืืช ื˜ื‘ืขืš ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™. ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืคื—ื“, ืœื—ืฉืฉ, ื ื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืคื™ื’ื•. ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืœืื“ื ืฉืžืคื—ื“ ืฉื”ืคื—ื“ ืื™ื ื• ืงื™ื™ื. ื–ื” ืื™ื ื ื• ื‘ืจ ืชืคื™ืกื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื• ื•ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื“ื•ืข. ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืื•ืชื ืœื ืžื˜ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืกืคืง ื•ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื ืžืชื•ื•ื›ื—ื™ื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื–ื” ืฉื•ื ืงืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื ื” ื•ืœื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืงื•ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™. ื”ื›ืœ ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžืคื—ื“ ืฉื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืชื™ ื”ืขืœื”, ืื• ืื ื ืืžืจ ืื—ืจืช, ืืคืฉืจ. ื–ื”ื• ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื”ืชื ืกื•ืช ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจ ืœื™ืžื•ื“, ืฉืขื‘ื•ืจืš ื•ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืจื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ืชื ื•ื ืฉืœื, ืืš ื™ืฉ ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืขื‘ื•ืจื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื. ื’ื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืฉืœืš, ืขืœื™ื• ืืช ืžืชืœื•ื ื ืช, ืื•ืชื• ืื™ื ืš ืžืงื‘ืœืช, ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ืช ืœืชื•ื›ื• ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืฉืื—ืจืช ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื“ืžื” ื•ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ืžื” ืฉืœืงื—ืช ืขืœ ืขืฆืžืš. ืื– ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™, ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื•, ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš, ืžืชื•ืš ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืื•ืคื™ ื”ื ืฉืžื”, ื™ืชืืคืฉืจ ื”ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืžื”ืื—ื™ื–ื” ื‘ื•. ื”"ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ" ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืกืคืงืช, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืžื”ื•ื•ื” "ืกืœืข ืื™ืชืŸ" ืขืœื™ื• ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื™ืฉืขืŸ. ืืช ืžืชืงืฉื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืœืงื—ืช ืขืœ ืขืฆืžืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื—ื•ื ื•ื‘ืขืฆื ืคื•ืขืœืช ื“ืจืš ื”ื”ืงืฉื‘ื” ืœืื™ืžืคื•ืœืก ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื•ืœืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ืฆื™ื” ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ืœืš ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ืžื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื•ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืœื. ืื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืฉื ื™ ืจื‘ื“ื™ื, ืœืจื•ื‘ื“ ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ ื•ืœืจื•ื‘ื“ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™. ื”ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœืงื—ืช ืขืœ ืขืฆืžืš ืœืฉืœื‘ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื, ืืช ืžื›ื™ืจื” ืืช ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื“ืจืš ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ื•ื˜ืขื™ื™ื”. ืื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืื—ืจืช ื‘ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื”ืื ื•ืฉ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื–ืžืŸ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ. ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืžื’ื“ืจ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชืืžืŸ ื‘ืจืื™ื™ื” ืจื—ื‘ื” ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื—ื™ื™ืš ืืช. ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ืจืฉืช ื”ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืžื ืช ืœืš ื•ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฆืžืš ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืข ืืช ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืฉืžื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš. ืžืฉื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื“ืžื” ืขื•ืœื™ื ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื“ืžื”, ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœื” ื•ืžื˜ืฉื˜ืฉื™ื ืืช ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืฆืงื” ื”ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ืช. ืื™ืœื•ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืช ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ืœืžื•ื“ืขื•ืชืš ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื•ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืืช ืžื”ื•ืชืš, ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืช ืขืจื” ืœืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื•ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ืื—ื– ื‘ื“ืคื•ืก ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช. ืชืจื’ืžืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื–ืžืŸ ืืจื•ืš ืžืžืงื•ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ ื•ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืžืฉื•ื ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืืช ืœื ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื™ื ืš ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื ืฉืžืชื™ื™ื ืขืœื™ ืื“ืžื•ืช. ื”ืื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืืช ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืื‘ืกื•ืจื“? ื›ืขืช ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื ื‘ื—ืจืช ืฉื‘ื—ืจืช ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื•ืืช ืžืฉื ื”. ืืœ ืชื•ืฆื™ืื™ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืขืœ ืื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืจืฆื•ืŸ, ื›ืขืก ืื• ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื”ืคื ื™ ืืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืืœื™ ืงื‘ืœื” ื•ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœืš ื•ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื. ื–ื” ื”ืจื•ืคื ื•ื”ืžืจืคื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจืš. ื–ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœืชื“ืจ ื”ืจื™ืคื•ื™ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืžืœื•ื ื”ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืขืฆืžืš, ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘, ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ืœ ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื ื‘ืจื. ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืืช ืžื•ืฆืืช ืืช ืขืฆืžืš ืžื•ื˜ืจื“ืช ืžื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœืš ื•/ืื• ืฉืœ ืื—ืจ, ืืคืฉืจื™ ืœืขืฆืžืš ืœื—ื™ื™ืš ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ืจื‘ื” ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ืืœ ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืืช ืžืฉื ื” ืžืขืฆื ื”ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช = ืจืื™ื™ื” ืงื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ืช = ื”ืชืžืจื”". ื“ื•ืจื™ืช: ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื›ืืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ื™ื• ื—ื“ืฉื™ื. ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื“ืจ ื”ืจื™ืคื•ื™. ืืฆืœื™ ืชื“ืจ ื”ืจื™ืคื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ืชื“ืจ ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื ื˜ื™ ื•ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื—ื” ืฉื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืฉืชื“ืจ ื”ืจื™ืคื•ื™ ืฉืœื• ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื ื˜ื™. ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื“ืจ ื”ืจื™ืคื•ื™ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืงื‘ืœ, ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืชื“ืจ ืฉืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื”ืชืžืจื”, ืœื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื”. ื›ืฉื”ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ืœื—ื‘ืง ืืช ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื•ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืขืœื™ื” ืžื”ืฆื“, ื ื–ื›ืจืชื™ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื” T.A.= (Transactional Analyses)- ืฉื‘ื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ืœืงื™ื: ื”ื•ืจื” # ื‘ื•ื’ืจ # ื™ืœื“, ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื–ื ื™ื. ื”ืงื˜ืข ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœื—ืœืง ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื‘ื•ื’ืจ ื•ืœื—ื‘ืง ืืช ื”ื—ืœืง ืฉื‘ื•ืขื˜. ืžื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื•ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืฉืœื™ ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื—ื“ ื”ืงืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ื ืชืงืœืช ื‘ื”ื ืืฆืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื–ื” ื”ืชืกื›ื•ืœ ื•ื”ืคืขืจ ื›ืฉื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืขืฆืžื ื•, ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื™ื—ืกื™ื, ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื™ืš ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”. ื–ื” ื”ืคืขืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•, ื‘ืœื™ ื“ืขืช ืžืชื•ืš ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืื—ืจ ื•ืื™ืš ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืคืงื“ื™ื / ื ืจืื™ื, ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื‘ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ ื•ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ืขื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืชื—ื•ืฉื•ืช ืชืกื›ื•ืœ ื•ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืขืจืš. ื–"ื, ื”ื”ื™ืฉืขื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ืกืจ, ืขืœ ื”ืคืขืจ ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื”ื™ืฉ. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื•ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ืืœื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื™ืช, ื‘ืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ืฉื ื”, ื•ืžืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืœื ืžื•ื“ืข ืœืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื™ืช. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืง ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืžืกื•ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื—ื•ืžืจื™ืช, ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ ื–ื•ื’ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœืื”. ืื ืœืžืฉืœ ื™ืฉ ืื™ื–ืฉื”ื• ืฉื˜ื— ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืฉื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืื•ื“ ืœื ืžืจื•ืฆื™ื, ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื–ื•ืฉื”ื™ ืชืžื•ื ื” ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ืš ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื•ืื™ืš ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืขืฆื, ื‘ืœื™ ื“ืขืช, ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžืชืžื“ืช ื•ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ ื”ืžืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžื›ืš, ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื. ื–ื” ืœื ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื“ืข. ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืขื•ืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœืขืฆืžื ื•. ื”ืงื˜ืข ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืœืื™ ืงื‘ืœื”, ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™, ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช, ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื ืฉืžืชื™. ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื ืฉืžืชื™ ื™ืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืื”ื‘ื”, ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืง ื•ื‘ื—ืžืœื” ืืช ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™, ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื—ื” ืืช ื”ืืจืฆื™ ื•ื‘ืขืฆื ื“ื•ื—ื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื•. ื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ ืขื ืขืฆืžื•. ื”ืื‘ืกื•ืจื“ ืฉืœ ืจืžืช ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื” ื”ืœื ืžื•ื“ืขืช ืฉืœื ื• ื–ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ืฉืžื” ื˜ื”ื•ืจื” ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื.
ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื•ืงืจื” ืžื•ืจื’ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืคื™ื ื” โ€“ ื”ื—ืœ ืžื”ืœื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ ื•ื”ืžืคื•ืืจ ื•ืขื“ ืœืžืคืจื˜ ื”ืžืคื ืง. ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื—ื“ืฉ ืžื‘ื™ืช ืคืจื™ ื ื“ืœืŸ, ื”ืžืžื•ืงื ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ืคืœืžื— ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ื‘ืจืžืœื”. ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜, ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื“ื™ืจื•ืช 3,4,5 ื—ื“ืจื™ื ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžื•ืงืคื“ื•ืช, ืžืžื•ืงื ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœืชื—ื ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื•ืœื™ื“ ืฆื™ืจื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื. ืชืฉืœื•ื 7% ื‘ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื”ื—ื•ื–ื” ื•ื”ื™ืชืจื” ืขืคื™ ืคืจื™ืกื” ืžื•ืชืืžืช. ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื‘ื™ื–ืžื•ืช ื•ื›ื•ืœืœ ืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื ืงืื™ืช. ื“ื™ืจื•ืช 4 ื—ื“ืจื™ื โ€“ ื”ื—ืœ ืž- 1,480,000 โ‚ช. ื”ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืžื—ืฉื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื‘ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœืชืงื ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”. ื˜ืœื—. ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืคืจื™ืžื™ื•ื 4, 5, 6 ื—ื“ืณ ืขื ื’ื™ื ื•ืช / ืžืจืคืกืช ื‘ื’ื“ืœื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืคื ื˜ื”ืื•ื–ื™ื ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื—ืœ ืž- 4,350,000 โ‚ช ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ืจื–ื™ื“ื ืก. ืœื’ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืœืœื ืคืฉืจื•ืช. ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื•ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืžื™ืงื•ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ืจื–ื™ื“ื ืก ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ืคื” ื•ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื›ื ื‘ืืžืช. ื‘ื•ืื• ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืžื™ืงื•ื ืžื ืฆื— ื•ืขืฉื™ืจ, ื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช, ืžืฉืงื˜ ืฉืœ ื›ืคืจ ื•ืžืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ืฉื›ื ื™ื ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื, ืžืžืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื”. ืžืชื—ื ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ื•ืžืชืงื“ื ืขื ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืืงื“ืžืื™ืช ื•ืคืœื•ืจืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช. ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉื–ื” ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืžื ืฆื— ืฉืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื’ื ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ืžื ืฆื—ื™ื. ื ืคืชื— ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜! ืคืขืžื•ื ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืจืฉ ืฆื•ืจ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืชื ืื™ ืชืฉืœื•ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื!
ื‘ืชืืจื™ืš 30 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 2014 ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื” ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืคืจื™, ื‘ื™ืž"ืฉ ืœื ื•ืขืจ ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘, ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืžืขื•ื•ืœืช ื•ื”ืจืกื ื™ืช ืœื”ื•ืฆืืช ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืžืฉืžื•ืจืช ืื™ืžืŸ, ื‘ืœื ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžืช ื“ื™ื•ืŸ, ืœืœื ื ื™ืžื•ืง ืคืฉืจ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืื™ืžืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ื›ืฉื™ืจื”, ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ื ื•ืงื˜ืช ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื—ื•ืง. ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœืคื•ืกื˜ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืคืจื™. ืขื•"ื“ ื™ื•ืกื™ ื ืงืจ, ืžื•ืžื—ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืง ื•ื ื•ืขืจ ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ื”ืื, ื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืขืจืขื•ืจ ื ื’ื“ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืคืจื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ ืช"ื, ืชื™ืง ืข"ื โ€“ 1315-07-14 ืž' ื ' ื”ื™ื•ืขืž"ืฉ ืœืžืžืฉืœื”. ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•"ื“ ื™ื•ืกื™ ื ืงืจ. ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ืฉืื•ืœ ืฉื•ื—ื˜ ื‘ื™ืž"ืฉ ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ ืช"ื, ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ืขืจืขื•ืจ ืขื•"ื“ ื ืงืจ, ื•ื”ื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืคืจื™, ืชื•ืš ื”ืขืœืืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื ื•ืงื‘ืช ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืชื” ื•ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื” ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืชืงื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ืช, ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชืืจ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืžืฉื•ื ื ื›ืœื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื•ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืคื•ื’ืขื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืžื ื•ื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื”. ืขื•"ื“ ื™ื•ืกื™ ื ืงืจ, ื‘"ื› ื”ืื, ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื‘ื›ื™ืจ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื—ื•ืง ื•ื ื•ืขืจ. ืขื•"ื“ ื ืงืจ ื ื•ื”ื’ ื‘ืื•ืžืฅ, ื•ืœื ืคื•ื—ื“ ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืืช ืฉืžืŸ ื•ืืช ื“ืžื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ื ื•ืขืจ, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ ื ื•ืขืจ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ "ื‘ืคืจื™ื™ื ื˜ื™ื™ื" ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื•ืจื•ื•ื—ืชื”. ืขื•"ื“ ื ืงืจ, ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืขื•"ื“ ืคื•ืจืฅ ื“ืจืš, ืžื•ืžื—ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืขื ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืื ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ืœื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜. ื”ืžืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช 3-4 (ืœื”ืœืŸ: "ื”ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืช") ื”ื•ื›ืจื–ื• ื›ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืช ื ื–ืงืงื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื 28.5.13 ื•ื”ื•ืฆืื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ื”ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ ื”ืฉื’ื—ื”. ื‘ื™ื•ื 11.5.14 ื”ื•ื’ืฉื” ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืืจื›ืช ืฆื•ื•ื™ ื”ื ื–ืงืงื•ืช ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื• ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœืคื•ื’ ื‘ื™ื•ื 28.5.14, ืœืฉื ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช. "ื”' ื™ืœื™ื“ืช 2007 ืชืœืžื™ื“ืช ื‘ื™ื”"ืก. ืžื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”' ื”ื™ื ื™ืœื“ื” ื—ืจื•ืฆื” ื•ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ื˜ื™ืช, ื‘ืขืœืช ืื•ืฆืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืจื—ื‘. ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืžื˜ื•ืคื—ืช, ืžืกื•ื“ืจืช ืขื ื”ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ. ื”ืื ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ, ืžืชื•ืืจืช ื›ืื›ืคืชื™ืช ื•ืžืกื•ืจื”. ื‘' ื™ืœื™ื“ืช 2009, ืชืœืžื™ื“ืช ื’ืŸ. ืžื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื”ื’ืŸ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืœื“ื” ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืฉืžื—ื” ืœื’ืŸ, ื™ืœื“ื” ื—ื™ื™ื›ื ื™ืช ื•ืฉืžื—ื”, ื”ืžื‘ืฆืขืช ืืช ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื’ื ื ืช. ื”ืื ืžืชื•ืืจืช ื›ืื—ืจืื™ืช ื•ืžืกื•ืจื”, ื”ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืื•ืชื” ืžื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ืœื’ืŸ. ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื 29.5.14 ื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื” ื”ืžืขืจืขืจืช ื‘ืขืฆืžื” ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืช. ื‘ืงืฉื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื”ืž"ืฉ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืช ืžื”ืื•ืœื ืœื ื ืขื ื•. ื‘ืชื•ื ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ื”ืž"ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืืจื›ืช ืฆื•ื•ื™ ื”ื ื–ืงืงื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืฉื’ื—ื” ืœืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืจื”, ื›ื™ ื”ืงื˜ื™ื ื” ื”' ืชื™ืœืงื— ืœืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืคืกื™ื›ื™ืื˜ืจื™. ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื–ื• ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ื™ืชื ื” ืื™ื ื ื” ืžื ื•ืžืงืช. ืœื ืžืฆืืชื™ ื‘ื” ื•ืœื• ื ื™ืžื•ืง ืื—ื“ ืฉื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื• ืžืฆื“ื™ืง ื‘ื™ื”ืž"ืฉ ืงืžื ืืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืืจื›ืช ืฆื•ื•ื™ ื”ื ื–ืงืงื•ืช. ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื”ืž"ืฉ ื”ื•ื โ€“ ืกื™ืจื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืื•ืœื, ื•ืชื• ืœื. ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ื‘ื™ื”ืž"ืฉ ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื• ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืœืขื•"ืก ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ืœื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืžืฉืžื•ืจืช ื”ืื, ืฉื›ืŸ ืœื˜ืขืžื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื”ืž"ืฉ "ืžืฆื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืช ื™ืœืš ื•ื™ืชื“ืจื“ืจ, ืฉื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืื ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœืกืคืง ืืช ืฆืจื›ื™ื”ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืช, ืื™ื ื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœืชืช ืœืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฆื™ื‘ ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ื—". ื‘ื™ื”ืž"ืฉ ืœื ืจืื” ืœื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืžืฉื•ื ืžื”, ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืžื” ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื•ื ืœืžืกืงื ื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื”. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื–ื• ื•ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืžืœืฆืช ื‘ื™ื”ืž"ืฉ, ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื”ืžืฉื™ื‘ (ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื”), ื‘ื™ื•ื 5.6.14, ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ืœื ืฉื’ืจืชื™ ื•ื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืžืชืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ืœืคื™ ืกืขื™ืฃ 12 ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ื ื•ืขืจ. ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจืขืจืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ื 29.5.14, ืืฉืจ ื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื” ืืœื™ื•, ื›ืืžื•ืจ,ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืœืื•ืชื” ื”ืžืœืฆื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืœื”ื•ืฆืืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืช. ืื•ื“ื” ื•ืœื ืื›ื—ื“ ื›ื™ ื”ืชืœื‘ื˜ืชื™ ืงืฉื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ืชืŸ ื‘ืขืจืขื•ืจ ืฉืœืคื ื™ื™. ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกืคืง ื›ื™ ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ืงืžื ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืชืงื™ื ื”. ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ื ื•ื›ื— ืืฉืจ ืจื•ืื•ืช ืขื™ื ื™ื•, ื™ื•ืจื” ืื• ื™ืคื ื” ืืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื ืฉืœ ืงื˜ื™ื ื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื ืŸ, ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ื–ื• ืื• ืื—ืจืช. ื•ืื•ืœื, ืื ื ื ืงื˜ื” ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื ื”ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ื” "ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืกืคืจ". ืœื ื™ืขืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ืฉื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ืืฉืจ ืืฃ ื”ืชื‘ืงืฉ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืžื•ืขื“ ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ื–ื•, ื™ื—ืœื™ื˜, ื‘ืคืชืงื™ืช, ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ืืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื ืชืง ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืžืŸ ืœืคืจืง ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ 60 ื™ืžื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืงื™ื™ื ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื”ืœื›ืชื•. ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืงืžื ืขืฆืžื• ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื ื•ื”ื’ ืœื™ืชืŸ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืžืžืฉืžื•ืจืช ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื”ื”ื•ืจื”, ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื ื• ื”ืžืขืจืขืจืช. ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื›ืœ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื ืœื–ืžืŸ ืืช ื”ืื ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ. ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉื”ืชืงื‘ืœื” ืžื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืฉืœืื, ื–ื• ืฉื”ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื”ืฉื’ื—ืชื”, ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื™ื•ืžื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ืœื ื‘ื™ื•ื 5.6.14 ื•ืœื ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืืจื›ื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื›ื” ื’ื•ืจืœื™ ื•ื—ืฉื•ื‘. ืžืฆื‘ ื›ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืจืื•ื™ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืกื›ื™ื ืขืžื•. ืื•ืกื™ืฃ ื•ืื•ืžืจ, ื›ื™ ืชืžื” ืื ื™ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื” ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ืฆืืชืŸ ืžืžืฉืžื•ืจืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืช. ืœื ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื˜ื˜ืชื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืืจื›ืช ืฆื•ื•ื™ ื”ื ื–ืงืงื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืฉื’ื—ื”, ืžื”ื ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืœื ืขืœืชื” ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืช ืžื”ืฉื’ื—ืช ื”ืื. ื›ืŸ ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื’ื ืžื“ื•ืข ื ืงื˜ ื”ืžืฉื™ื‘ (ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื”) ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ืœืคื™ ืกืขื™ืฃ 12 ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ื ื•ืขืจ, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืœื™ืš ืœื ืฉื’ืจืชื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ืžืกื•ื“ืจ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ. ื ื•ืคืš ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืขื˜ื” ืืช ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื˜ืขืžื™ ืœืžืชืŸ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืชื•ืš ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ืช, ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืื, ืืฉืจ ื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื” ื ืœืงื—ื• ืžืžื ื” ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉืงื•ืœื” ื™ืฉืžืข. ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืชืงื™ื ื” ื–ื• ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขืจื›ืืช ื”ืขืจืขื•ืจ. ืื ื™ ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืงืžื ืžื™ื•ื 30.6.14 ื•ืขืœ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื’ื—ืช ื”ืื. ื‘ืฉื•ืœื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื•ืกื™ืฃ ื•ืื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ืžืฆื•ืคื” ื”ื™ื” ื’ื ืžื”ืžืฉื™ื‘ (ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื”) ืืฉืจ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืœื™ื“ื™ื• ืืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืžื™ื•ื 30.6.14, ื•ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืฆื™ืคื” ืœื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืœืงื™ื™ื ื“ื™ื•ืŸ, ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ืงืžื ื•ืœื”ืคื ื•ืช ืืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ื• ืœื›ืš ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœืงื™ื™ื ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ื˜ืจื ืžืชืŸ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื”. ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื‘ืงืฉืช ืขื•"ื“ ื™ื•ืกื™ ื ืงืจ, ืื ื™ ืžืชื™ืจ ืืช ืคืจืกื•ื ืคืกื”"ื“ ืœืœื ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืžื–ื”ื™ื".
ื”ืื ืชื™ืงื™ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืœืงืจืืช ืงืจื™ืกื”? ื”ืคืจืฉืŸ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ืขืžื™ืช ืกื’ืœ, ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื”ืขืจื‘ (ื’') ื›ื™ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ืขื•ื”"ื“ ืื‘ื™ื—ื™ ืžื ื“ืœื‘ืœื™ื˜ ืžืฉืชืคื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืœืžื” ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœืคืจืฉื•ืช ื•ืœื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืจื”"ืž ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•. ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื, ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืžืชื—ื‘ื˜ ื”ืื ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืชื‘ ืื™ืฉื•ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•. "ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืฉืช ื›ืชื‘ ืื™ืฉื•ื ืœื ื ืขื•ืœ ื ื’ื“ ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœื”" ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™, "ื–ื™ื›ื•ื™ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืžืฉ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืื›ื™ืคืช ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืง. ืื ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื™ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœื ื™ืงืจืื• ืœืืœืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืชืื‘ื“ ืืœื ืœืžื ื“ืœื‘ืœื™ื˜". ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช, ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืœื ืกื™ื›ืžื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ืžื ื“ืœื‘ืœื™ื˜ ืœื ื’ื™ื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืฉืœื• ืœื›ืืŸ ืื• ืœื›ืืŸ. ื—ืœืง ืžืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชื™ืง ื”ื™ื ื”ื“ื• ืฆื“ื“ื™ื•ืช โ€“ ืœื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื•ื‘ื”ืง, ื—ื•ืชืš, ืœื ื ืชื•ืŸ ืœืคืจืฉื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืกื•ืชืจื•ืช. ืœื›ืŸ โ€“ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื™ืฆืœืœื• ื‘ืคืจืงืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ืœืชื™ืง ืขื“ ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ื”. ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืจื™ืงืœื™ืŸ , ืžืžืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื”ื’ื™ื‘ ื‘ื“ืฃ ื”ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ ืฉืœื• ืขืœ ื—ืฉื™ืคืช ืขืจื•ืฅ 2: " ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืœ ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžืืžืฅ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจืชื™ ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืจืขืฉ ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ืขืจื•ืฅ 2 ืžืคืจืกื ืฉืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื•ืขืžืฉ" ืื•ืžืจื™ื:ืœื ืžืฆืื ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื•ื‘ื”ืง ื‘ืฉื•ื ืคืจืฉื™ื™ื”. ืœื ื™ืืžืŸ". ืœื™ืื•ืŸ ื”ืคืชื™ืข ืืช ืื‘ื™ื• ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ: "ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืฉื ืช โ€“ ื ื™ืฆื—ืชื™" ืื‘ื•ื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ืžื’ื ื” ืืช ื™ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื”ืื‘ื ื™ื: "ื”ืžืจื™ื ื™ื“ ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจื• ื ืงืจื ืจืฉืข" "ืฉื™ื˜ืชื• ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืจืื™"ืœ ื ื™ืฆื—ื”"
ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื›ื™ืชื” ื•ืณ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืฆื™ื’ื• ื™ื“ืข ืจื‘ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื‘ื”ืžืฆืืช ื™ื ืฉื•ืฃ ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ ืœื”ืจื—ืงืช ืขื˜ืœืคื™ื. ืจืืฉ ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ืจืžืœื” ื™ื•ืืœ ืœื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ื–ื›ื™ื”: "ื”ื”ื™ืฉื’ ืžื‘ื™ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืขื™ืจ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื” ื•ืžื—ื ื›ื™ื”, ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืœืžื•ืจื™ื ื•ืœื”ื ื”ืœืช ื‘ื™ื”"ืก" ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื™ืจื™ื“ ื—ืงืจ ืืจืฆื™ ื‘ืžื“ืข ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ืจืืฉ ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ืจืžืœื” ืžืจ ื™ื•ืืœ ืœื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ื”ื™ืฉื’ ื”ืžื‘ื™ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืขื™ืจ, ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื” ื•ืžื—ื ื›ื™ื” . ืœื‘ื™ื ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ , ื›ื™ ื”ื”ื™ืฉื’ ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื”ืžืฉืš ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืœืคืจืก ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืืจืฆื™ ื‘ื• ื–ื›ืชื” ื‘ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืจืžืœื”. ืœื‘ื™ื: ืดื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ืžืฉืงื™ืขื” ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ืžื“ืขื™ื ื•ื”ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™. ื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ืช ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœืฉื‘ื—ื™ื ื”ืŸ ืžืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ, ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื”, ืžื—ื ื›ื™ื” ื•ื”ืŸ ืžืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš. ื”ื”ืฆื˜ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื›ืฉืจืช ืžื•ืจื™ื ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื. ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืœืžื•ืจื™ื ื•ืœื”ื ื”ืœืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจืด. ืžื ื”ืœืช ืื’ืฃ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื•ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ื”ื’ื‘ืณ ืื™ื™ืœืช ื›ื”ืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื›ื” ืืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื•ืฆื™ื™ื ื”, ื›ื™ ื–ื”ื• ืขื•ื“ ื”ื™ืฉื’ ื‘ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื ืฉื’ื•ืจืคื™ื ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ืจืžืœื” ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืืจืฆื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš. ืžื ื”ืœืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื’ื‘ืณ ื“ื•ืจื™ืช ื ื‘ื• ืฆื™ื™ื ื” , ื›ื™ ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉืชืชืคื• 54 ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืžื›ืœ ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ. ื ื‘ื•: ืดืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื›ื™ืชื” ื•ืณ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืฆื™ื’ื• ื™ื“ืข ืจื‘ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื‘ื”ืžืฆืืช ื™ื ืฉื•ืฃ ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ ืœื”ืจื—ืงืช ืขื˜ืœืคื™ื ื•ืงื˜ืคื• ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ืช. ืื ื• ื’ืื™ื ืžืื“ ื‘ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื• ื•ื‘ืžื•ืจื” ืœืžื“ืขื™ื ืฉืจื™ืช ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืฉืœื™ื•ื•ืชื” ืืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืด. ื›ื‘ื•ื“! ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื ืžืกืจ, ื›ื™ ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืœืžื“ืขื™ื ืฉืจื™ืช ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื•ื ืฆื™ื’ ืžื”ืฉื›ื‘ื” ื™ื˜ื•ืกื• ืœืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจืช ืœื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ ื—ืงืจ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™. ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืื•ืคืง ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื•ืœืขื™ืจ ืจืžืœื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ.
ื“ื’ืœื™ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ืฆื”ื•ื‘/ืฉื—ื•ืจ "ื•ื•ืžืคื™ืจ ื›ืคื™ืจ ืื™ืžืคืจื™ื”" (ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœ ื‘ืฉืขืจ ื”ืžื—ื ื” ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื ื• ืฉื•ื•ืžืคื™ืจ ื”ื•ื ืขืจืคื“). ื”ืžื—ืกื•ื ืคืชื•ื—. ืฉืชื™ ื—ื™ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืฉื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืขืจื™ื. ื—ื™ื™ืœ ืื—ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืขืžื“ื” ื”ืžื•ื’ื‘ื”ืช. ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื—ื›ื™ื ื‘ืฆื“ ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ืจื”. ื”ื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืœื ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื. ื˜ืจืงื˜ื•ืจ, ืฉืชื™ ืžืฉืื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื•ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช. ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืœื˜ื•ืจื”. ื”ืกื•ืก ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื“ื”ืจ-ื-ืžืืœื›. ื”ืื•ืจื—ืช ืžืฆืœืžืช ืืช ื”ืกื•ืก. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ืฆื•ืœืžื• ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื, ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœ ื›ื•ืขืก ืขืœ ืฉืžืฆืœืžื™ื ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื. "ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื” ืฆื™ืœืžืช?" "ืกื•ืกื™ื ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช" ื”ื•ื ืงื•ืจื ื‘ื›ืขืก. "ืื ื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืคื” ื•ืœื ืœืฆืœื!" (ืขืžื“ื ื• ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœืงื” ืฉืžืขืœ ื”ืžื—ืกื•ื) ืœื ื–ื–ื ื• ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื ื™ื— ืœื ื• ื•ื”ืœืš ืœืžืœื ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื•. ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื ื‘ื“ืงื•ืช ื‘ืงืคื™ื“ื”. ื ืคืชื—ื™ื ืžื›ืกื™ ื”ืžื ื•ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื“ืœืชื•ืช. ืขื“ ืœืขื–ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ 7:40 ืขื“ืจ ื”ืขื–ื™ื ืœื ืขื‘ืจ. ืฉื ื™ ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืื™ืชื ื• ืœื‘ืจื˜ืขื”. 12 ื˜ืจื ื–ื™ื˜ื™ื ืžื—ื›ื™ื. ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืืœ ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ืจื˜ืขื”. ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืฆื•ืขืง ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืงืฉื•ืจ ื›ื ืจืื” ืœืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืžืื™ืจ ืืจื™ืืœ (ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ "ื›ื”ื ื ืฆื“ืง"). ืžื™ื ื™ื‘ื•ืก ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื˜ืขื” ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื™ื“ ืขืžื“ืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ. ืจืื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ื”ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ ืขืœ "ืงื•ืคืกื”" ืฉื ืžืฆืืช ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืขืžื“ื”, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื• ืžื’ื”ืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื•. ื’ื ื”ื™ื•ื - ื”ื ื”ื’ ืžื‘ื™ื ืืœ ื”ืขืžื“ื” ืืช ืขืจืžืช ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื•ืกืขื™ื•. ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื˜ืจืžื™ื ืœ ื™ืฉ ืืฉื ื‘ ืื—ื“ ืคืขื™ืœ. ืžื”ืชื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืชื™ื ื™ื ืœืžืขื‘ืจ ื ืฉืžืขื• ืงื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืžื ืกื™ื ืœืฉื›ื ืข ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ืชืขื•ื“ื”. ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื›ื™ ืœืื—ืจ ื› 10 ื“ืงื•ืช ื›ื•ืœื ื™ืฆืื•. ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ืชื•ืจ ื•ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื“ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืื—ืจื™ ื”ื—ื“ืจื™ื. ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืžืื™ืช ื”ืชืงืฉืจื” ื•ืงืจืื” ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ื‘ื•ื ืœื™ืกื™ื™ืข ืœื”. "ืฉื•ืžืจ!" "ืœืžื” ื”ืŸ ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ืคื”?" ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ืฉืœ ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืขืฆืจื” ืืช ืงืจื•ืกืœืช ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืืœ ื”ื˜ืจืžื™ื ืœ, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืœื, ื›ื™ ืชื•ืš ื“ืงื” ืฉืชื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ืกืœื” ืฉื‘ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“. ืืจื‘ืขื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฆื“ ืœื™ื“ ื”ืงื™ืจ. ืœื ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืžื”. ื‘ืฉืขื” 08:20 ื”ื’ื™ืข ืื—ืจืื™ ื•ืคืชื— ืืฉื ื‘ ื ื•ืกืฃ. ื”ืœื—ืฅ ื‘ืžืกื“ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื™ืจื“. ื”ื™ื• ืฉืกื™ืคืจื• ืขืœ ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื” ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื™ื• ืฉืกื™ืคืจื• ืฉื”ืœืš ืžื”ืจ.
ืคืกืœื™ื ื‘"ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ืื—ื™ืขื ืœืคื™ืกื•ืœ" ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžืงืจื ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื˜ ืžื ืฉื”. ื”ืฉื ืฉื•ื ื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืœืฉื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืžื™, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื›ืคืจ ืงื“ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ืžืงื•ื, ื›ืคืจ ื”ืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ื’ื ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ (ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืžืกื›ืช ื—ืœื” ืคืจืง ื‘ ื“ืฃ ื ื— ื˜ื•ืจ ื’ /ื”"ื‘). ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืจื•ืžื™ืช ื”ื•ื‘ืœื• ืžื™ ื”ืžืขื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืช ืžื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ื™ (ื•ืžืขื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื) ืœืงื™ืกืจื™ื” ื•ื‘ืžืื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื”ื•ืงื ื”ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืœ ื›- 1000- 1500 ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ื, ื‘ื• ื ืขืจื›ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื—ื’ื™ื’ื•ืช ืžื™ื ื•ืคื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืืœื™ื ื‘ื›ื—ื•ืก (ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ืกื•ืก) ื•ื•ื ื•ืก (ืืคืจื•ื“ื™ื˜ื”). ืžืฉื•ื ื›ืš ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื›ืจ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื‘ื™ื–ื ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืฉื "ืžื™ื•ืžืืก", ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื—ื’ื™ื’ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ืื•ืœื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœื• ืžืขืจื™ ื”ื ืžืœ ืžื™ื•ืžืืก-ืขื–ื” ื•ืžื™ื•ืžืืก-ืืฉืงืœื•ืŸ, ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื‘ื™ื–ื ื˜ื™ืช, ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืžืจื“ ื”ืฉื•ืžืจื•ื ื™ื ืžืฉื ืช 448, ื ื™ื–ื•ืง ื”ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืŸ ืฉื•ืงื ืžื—ื“ืฉ. ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืื ื˜ื™-ืคื’ืื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืื ื•ืก ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืคืš ื”ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ืœืืชืจ ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœื‘ืชื™ ืžืœืื›ื”. ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื•ืงื ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืคืขืœ ืขื“ ืœืžืื” ื”-8. ื”ืฆืœื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืฉืœื˜ื• ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื 1099-1260 ื”ืงื™ืžื• ืžื‘ืฆืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ืขืœ ืฉืจื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืคืจ ืฉื•ืžื™ ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ. ื‘ืžืื” ื”-18 ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืช'ืžืื ื™ ื‘ื ื” ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืื—ื•ื–ื” ื“ืžื•ื™ ืžื‘ืฆืจ ืื• ื—'ืืŸ- ื”ื—ืืŸ ืฉื•ื ื™ - ืฉื ื‘ื ื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืจื—ื‘ื”. ืžืฉื•ื ื›ืš ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื™ืงืจื ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ืช "ื—'ืืŸ ื-ืฉื•ื ื™" ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ื™ื ื•ื™ "ื—ื™ืจื‘ืช ืžื™ื•ืžืืก". ื‘ืฉื ืช 1913 ืจื›ืฉ ื”ื‘ืจื•ืŸ ืจื•ื˜ืฉื™ืœื“ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื™ืง"ื ืืช ืื“ืžื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ ืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ืืคื ื“ื™ ืกืœื™ื ื—ื•ืจื™ ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืื“ืžื•ืช ื ืจื—ื‘ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืจืฆืฃ ื˜ืจื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ืืœื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืจื“ืก ื—ื ื” ืœื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘. ืืช ื”ืื“ืžื” ืžืกืจ ืœืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื“ืขื•ื ื™ื, ื‘ื ื™ ืื™ื›ืจื™ื ืžื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘, ืฉื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื•ืงืจืื• ืœืžื—ื ื” ืฉื”ืงื™ืžื• "ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ื ื”" ืขืœ ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืจื•ืŸ, ืื•ืœื ืคื•ื ื• ืžื”ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”. ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืงื•ื, ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ื—ืงืœืื™ืช ื•ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ, ื”ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ืกื“ ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ื ื” ื•ื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืขื“ ื™ื™ืกื•ื“ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ื ื” ื‘-1922, ื”ืžืฉืง ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื•ืžืฅ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ืขื“ 1925 ื•ืื– ื ื ื˜ืฉ ื”ืžืงื•ื. ื‘ืฉื ืช 1929 ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืฉื•ื ื™ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื‘ืกืงื™ ื•ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ืขืงื‘ ื”ืชืจืขื•ืช ืขืœ ืกื›ื ื” ืžืฆื“ ืขืจื‘ื™ื™ ืงื™ืกืจื™ื”, ืฉื ื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจื” ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื•ืขื‘ื“ื” ื‘ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืœืžื—ื™ื™ืชื”. ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืจื™ื‘ื•ื‘ืกืงื™ ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ื”ื™ืชืจ ืžืคื™ืง"ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจ ืขื ืขื•ื“ ืฉืชื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ื ื™ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืฉืžื™ืจืช ืื“ืžื•ืชื™ื”. ืœืžื—ื™ื™ืชื ืขื‘ื“ื• ื”ืื‘ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื• ื‘ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืช ื›ื‘ืืจื” ื•ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื‘ืชื™ื ื‘ืคืจื“ืก ื—ื ื” ื•ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ื ื”. ืฉื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืžืžืฉืคื—ืช ืจื™ื‘ื•ื‘ืกืงื™ ื”ืชื—ืชื ื• ื‘ืฉื•ื ื™ ื•ื‘ื”ื–ืžื ื” ื”ืจืฉืžื™ืช ืฉื™ืฆืื” ื ืงืจื ื”ืžืงื•ื "ืžื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื•ื ื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ื ื”". ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืขื“ 1933. ื‘ืฉื ืช 1939, ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื—ื•ืžื” ื•ืžื’ื“ืœ ื—ื™ื“ืฉื” ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืื ืฉื™ ื‘ื™ืช"ืจ, ื‘ืกื™ื•ืข ืื‘ื™ื’ื“ื•ืจ ืžื™ืจืงื™ืŸ, ืกื’ืŸ ืžื ื”ืœ ืคื™ืง"ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ืื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ืช"ืจ, ืืช ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืชืœ ืฆื•ืจ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ืขืช ืื•ื-ืืœ-ืขืœืง. ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ื ื•ืกื“ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืคื• ื‘-1919 ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืœื•ืคื˜ ื•ืืœื• ื”ื•ื—ืœืคื• ื‘-1922 ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืžืจ ื”ื•ื•ืœื’ื”. ื”ืžืงื•ื ื ื ื˜ืฉ ื‘-1923. ืขื ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื ืฉื™ ื‘ื™ืช"ืจ, ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื–ื• ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชื ื•ืขืช ื–ื•, ืื—ืจื™ ืจืžืช ื˜ื™ื•ืžืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœื™ื“ ื ืชื ื™ื”. ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื, ื‘-1941 ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืžื‘ื ื” ื”ื—ืืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื•ื ื™. ืขืงื‘ ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ื™ื›ืœื• ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืืฆ"ืœ ืœืขืจื•ืš ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื, ื”ื—ืœ ื‘ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ ืคืจื˜, ื“ืจืš ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ ื›ื™ืชื” ื•ืชืจื’ื™ืœื™ ืกื“ืจ ื•ืขื“ ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ ื ืฉืง. ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื ืขืจื›ื• ืงื•ืจืกื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื ืฉืง, ื—ื‘ืœื” ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”, ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื ืขืจื›ื• ื›ืืŸ ืงื•ืจืกื™ ืžืคืงื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืืฆ"ืœ, ื—ืœืงื ื‘ืคื™ืงื•ื“ ืงืฆื™ื ื™ ืฆื‘ื ืคื•ืœื ื™ื™ื. ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื™ื•ื•ื” ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื•ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื”ื”ืฉืชืœื˜ื•ืช ืขืœ ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ื ืฉืง, ืคืจื™ืฆื” ืœืžื—ื ื” 80 ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื’ื ื•ื‘ ืžืžื ื• ื ืฉืง, ื”ื”ืชืงืคื” ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื•ืœืฉืช ื‘ื—ื™ืคื” ื•ื”ืคืจื™ืฆื” ืœื›ืœื ืขื›ื•. ื‘ืฉื ืช 1946 ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืื ืฉื™ ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœื ื—ืœืช ื–'ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ืกืงื™ ืืฉืจ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ื ื” ื•ื”ืžืงื•ื ื ืฉืืจ ื›ืžืชืงืŸ ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžื—ื ื” ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืฆ"ืœ. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื”ืืฆ"ืœ ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ ื ื ื˜ืฉ ื”ืžืงื•ื, ืขื“ ืฉื”ืงืจืŸ ื”ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื•ืขืžื•ืชืช ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ื”ืืฆ"ืœ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœืฉืคืฆื• ื•ืœื”ืคื›ื• ืœืคืืจืง ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 1986-โ€1988 ื‘ื•ืฆืขื” ื‘ืคืืจืง ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืื™ืคืฉืจื” ืืช ื”ืงืžืชื ืฉืœ ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื•ืžืกืขื“ื” ื‘ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื ืืžื ื•ืŸ ื ื™ื‘ ื•ืืžื ื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืงืจืŸ ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืงืฉืชื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ื—ืืŸ ืฉื•ื ื™ ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื• ืขืœ ืฉื˜ืจ ื‘ืขืจืš 100 ืฉืงืœ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ื”ืชื ื•ืกืกื” ืชืžื•ื ืชื• ืฉืœ ื–ืื‘ ื–'ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ืกืงื™. ื”ื˜ื™ื™ืœืช ืฉืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืžื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืœื‘ื ื™ืžื™ื ื” ื ืงืจืืช ื˜ื™ื™ืœืช ืฉื•ื ื™. ื‘ื—ื“ืจื™ื ืฉืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ื‘ืžื” ื•ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ื ืคืชื— ื‘ืฉื ืช 2003 ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืงืง"ืœ "ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ืื—ื™ืขื ืœืคื™ืกื•ืœ" ืœื–ื›ืจื• ืฉืœ ืื—ื™ืขื ืฉื•ืฉื ื™. ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื›ื•ืœืœ ื›-96 ืคืกืœื™ ืื‘ืŸ, ื‘ืจื•ื ื–ื” ื•ืขืฅ ืืฉืจ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ืชืจืžื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžื•ืชื•. ืื•ื—ื–ืจ ืžืชื•ืš "https://he.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ืคืืจืง_ื–%27ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ืกืงื™&oldid=25995003"
ืื•ืจื˜ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืขืจื‘ื” โ€“ ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื•ืจืฉืช ืื•ืจื˜ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื ืฉืจื• ืžืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื—ืจื•ืช ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืœืชืขื•ื“ืช 12 ืฉื ื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“, ืชืขื•ื“ืช ื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ื•ืชืขื•ื“ื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื•ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืจื•ื— "ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ืœื“ ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉื™ืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื•". ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ืœื—ื•ื ื›ื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ืœื‘ื’ืจื•ืช / ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ื’ืžืจ ืœื ื•ืขืจ ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ. ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช: ืชื’ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืžืชื ื“ื‘ ื™ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœื ืขืจ / ื ืขืจื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”, ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื•ืœืฉื•ืŸ (ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ) ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” ืขื ื”ืžื•ืจื” ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ืื™ืฉื™ ืขื ื”ื ืขืจ / ื ืขืจื”. ื”ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื-ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืขื•ืช 8:30-14:30, ืœืžืฉืš ื›ืฉืขืชื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื•ื”ืžืชื ื“ื‘. ื™ืฉื ื” ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœ3 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืื—ืจื™ ื—ื’ื™ ืชืฉืจื™ ื•ืขื“ ืœืงื™ืฅ. ืื•ืจื˜ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืขืจื‘ื” โ€“ ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืž"ืช ื•ืจืฉืช ืื•ืจื˜ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ โ€“ ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ืžืฉืœื‘ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืขื ืžื“ืขื™ื ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื™ื ื•ืชืงืฉื•ื‘. ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ืจืื” ื•ื”ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื”ืชื ืกื•ืช ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื”ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืœืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ื•ืœืขื“ื›ื ื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื. ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืจื•ื›ืฉื™ื ืชืขื•ื“ืช ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ื•ืืฃ ื ื™ื’ืฉื™ื ืœืžืกืคืจ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื’ืจื•ืช, ืžืจื‘ื™ืชื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื™"ื’- ื™"ื“ ื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืฉืจื›ืฉื•, ืžืชื’ื™ื™ืกื™ื ืœืฆื‘ื ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืขื ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื” ื”ืฉืชืœื‘ื•ืชื ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืœืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ืชืจื•ืžืชื ืœืžืฉืง ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™.
ืงื™ื™ื˜ืจื™ื ื’ ื›ืฉืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœื ืžืขื˜ ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื. ื”ืจื™ ืงื”ืœ ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ืืฉืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืื•ื›ืœ ื›ืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื”ื ื• ืจื—ื‘ ืžืื™ ืคืขื ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš ื™ืฉ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืกื•ื’ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื–ื”. ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืงื™ื™ื˜ืจื™ื ื’ ื›ืฉืจ ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื˜ืขื•ื ื•ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื•ืฆืข ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืข, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขืฆื. ื–ื” ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช. ืœื—ืคืฉ ืื—ืจ ืงื™ื™ื˜ืจื™ื ื’ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืกืคื™ืง โ€“ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช? ืืœื• ืžื›ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื•ื•ื“ื ื›ื™ ื”ื ื™ืžืฆืื• ืงื™ื™ื˜ืจื™ื ื’ ืืฉืจ ืžืชืื™ื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ืฉืœื”ื ื™ืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื•ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืื—ืจ ืžื” ื”ื ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื. ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœ, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ืงื™ื™ื˜ืจื™ื ื’ ื›ืฉืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื–ืืช ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื”ืงื™ื™ื˜ืจื™ื ื’ ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ืฉืจ ืื– ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ืืฃ ืœื ื™ืจืฆื• ืœื˜ืขื•ื ืžืŸ ื”ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ื‘ืจืืฉ ื•ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื’ืœื ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข? ืืœื• ืžื›ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ื›ื•ืœื• ื™ืœืš ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืืžืฆื™ื ื•ื–ืืช ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืœืคื™ื• ื”ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืœื‘ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืข. ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื›ื ืฉื™ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ ื™ืชืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืœืคื™ื• ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ื™ืœืš ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ. ื”ืจื™ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ ื•ื›ืš ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืžื” ืฉืชืฆื™ืขื• ืœื”ื ื‘ืขืฆื ื•ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ื›ื•ืœื• ื™ืชืงื“ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ. ืืœื• ืžื›ื ืฉื™ื‘ืฆืขื• ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืื—ืช ืžื•ืฆืœื—ืช ื•ื™ื‘ื—ืจื• ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืงื™ื™ื˜ืจื™ื ื’ ืžื•ื–ื” ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืฆืขื“ ื”ื—ื›ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื ื•ื–ืืช ืœืฉื ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ืœื›ื–ื” ืืฉืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืฆืœื— ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื”ืจื’ืข ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ. ื”ืจื™ ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืชื”ื™ื• ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ื›ื•ืœ ื™ืœืš ื›ืžืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ื•ื–ืืช ืœืœื ืฉื•ื ืกืคืง ื‘ื›ืœืœ. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืžื” ืฉื ื•ืชืจ ืœื›ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ืœื•ื•ื“ื ื›ื™ ืืชื ืžืงื“ื™ืฉื™ื ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžืœื•ื ืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœื›ื ื•ื–ืืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื. ืฆืจื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ื‘ืžืกืคืจ 050-5919191 ื•ืœื ืชืชื—ืจื˜ื• ืขืœ ื›ืš! ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื‘ืžืืช ื”ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆื!
ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื–ื•, ืฉื—ื•ื–ืจืช ื›ืจื™ื˜ื•ืืœ ืงื‘ื•ืข ืคืขื ื‘ืืจื‘ืขื” ืงื™ืฆื™ื. ืฉื•ื‘ ื ืฉื™ื ื ืฉืœื—ื•ืช ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื โ€œื ืฉื™ื™ืโ€ ื›ืžื• ื˜ื™ืคื•ื—, ืงื ื™ื•ืช, ืงื•ืžื“ื™ื•ืช ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ื›ืœ ืขื™ืกื•ืง ืฉื•ืœื™ ืื—ืจ, ื”ื›ืœ ืœืžืขืŸ ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืขืœ: ื”ืฉื’ืช ืฉืงื˜ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืกืคื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ื‘ืกืœื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืชื ื•ืฆื•ืคื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื”ืžื•ื ื“ื™ืืœ. ืื– ืคืจืกื•ืžืื™ื ื•ืื ืฉื™ ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื™ืงืจื™ื, ืฆืื• ืœื ื• ืžื”ืœื•โ€ื–. ืื ื™ื‘ื•ื ืœื ื• ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื”ืžื•ื ื“ื™ืืœ โ€“ ื ืฆืคื”, ื•ืื ืœื โ€“ ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืฉื ื“ืข ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืคื ื•ื™. ื‘ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืžืกื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื•ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืœื•ื•ืช ืืœื™ื”ืŸ, ื˜ืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืกื˜ืจื™ืื•ื˜ื™ืคื™ื•ืช, ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœืงื•ื•ืช ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื”ื”ื ื—ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” - ื ืฉื™ื ืœื ืฆื•ืคื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ื ื“ื™ืืœ โ€“ ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืจืง ื‘ื—ืœืงื”. ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืฆื•ืคื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื ื“ื™ืืœ ืžืืฉืจ ื ืฉื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช, ื’ื ืื ืื™ื ืŸ ืื•ื”ื“ื•ืช ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ื‘ืฉื’ืจื”, ืฆื•ืคื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื”ืžื•ื ื“ื™ืืœ, ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืื™ืจื•ืข ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื•ืžืกื•ืงืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ื˜ื— ื•ื‘ื˜ื— ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื ืฉืœื•. ื•ืื’ื‘, ืžื ื’ื“, ืชืชืคืœืื•, ื™ืฉ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื ืžืขื˜ื™ื ืฉื›ืœืœ ืœื ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ืจื ื™ืจ. ื”ื”ื ื—ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”, ื”ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื™ื ืฉื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ื–ืžืŸ ืคื ื•ื™ (ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื–ื” ืฉื”ื‘ืขืœ ืฉื—ืจืจ ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืžื•ื ื“ื™ืืœ) ืชืžื™ื“, ืื‘ืœ ืชืžื™ื“, ื™ืขืกืงื• ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ืžื”ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ื•ืช ืืคืกื™ื•ืช: ืคื“ื™ืงื•ืจ, ืžื ื™ืงื•ืจ ื•ืฉืืจ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื˜ื™ืคื•ื—, ืฆืคื™ื™ื” ื‘ืกืจื˜ื™ ื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ืงื•ืžื“ื™ื•ืช ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ื’ื‘ื™ืข ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื”ื ืฉื™ โ€“ ืฉื•ืคื™ื ื’. ื›ื™ ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ืฉื™ื ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื•. ืœื? ื”ืคืจื“ื™ื’ืžื” ื”ื–ื• ืœื ืจืง ื—ื•ื˜ืืช ื‘ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื–ื ืขื‘ืฉ ืืœื ืขื•ืฉื” ืขื•ื•ืœ ื’ื ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื ืงืžืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื•ื›ืชื‘ื•ืช ืกื˜ื™ื’ืžื˜ื™ื•ืช, ื›ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžื”ื ื‘ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืขื™ืจื™ื, ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืจืคื™ ืฉื›ืœ ืžื•ืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ืื—ื“ ื•ึพ22 ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื, ื•ืœื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืื• ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ืื™ืฉื” ืฉืœื”ื ื’ื ื‘ื” ืœื”ื ืืช ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ื”ืืฉืจืื™ (ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ึพ2018 ืื™ืฉื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืืช ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ื”ืืฉืจืื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืขืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืงื ื™ื•ืช). ื™ื™ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžื—ืงืจื™ื™ื, ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ืžืฆื˜ืžืฆื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื ื“ื™ืืœ ืœืžื•ื ื“ื™ืืœ, ืื ื–ื” ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ืžื—ืœื—ืœ ื•ืื ื–ื” ื›ื™ ื”ืคืจืกื•ืžืื™ื ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืžืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื”ื ืฉื™ื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืงืžืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื—ืจื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืจื” ื’ื•ืœื“ืกื˜ืืจ. ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืฉืžืžืฉ ื›ืจื’ืข ืžื ืกื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉืขื•ื“ ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืขื ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ืจื ื™ืจ ืœืฉืœื‘ื™ ื—ืฆืื™ ื”ื’ืžืจ ื•ื”ื’ืžืจ: ืชืชืงื“ืžื• ืœืฉื ืช 2018. ืœื ืจืง ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจ, ื’ื ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืขื’ื•ืœื”.
ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืฉ ืชื•ืจ ืืจื•ืš ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ืฉืชืœื•ืช. ืœื ืขืœื™ื ื• ื•ืœื ืขืœื™ื›ื, ืœื ื›ื•ืœื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืจืืฉ ื”ืชื•ืจโ€ฆ ืืš ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืžืฉืœื™ื, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืชืœื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœื” ืื™ื ื• ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื›ื™ืกื•ื™. ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื•ืขื“ืช ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื ืฉืžืืฉืจืช ืœื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืกื›ื ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืชืœื” ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ืžืืฉืจืช ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžื•ืฉืชืœื™ื ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืืช ื”ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช โ€“ ืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ื›ืžื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื. ื›ืžืื” ืื™ืฉ ืžืชื•ืš ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ื”ืžืชื ื” ืžืชื™ื ืžื™ื“ื™ ืฉื ื”. ื”ื—ื•ืœื” ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืคื ืขื ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœื•, ื•ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ื™ืฉื ื ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ื‘ืฉืœ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื”). ื”ืฉื‘"ืŸ โ€“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืžืฉืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื•ืคืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื โ€“ ืœื ื™ืžืžืŸ ืœื• ืืช ื”"ืคืจื™ื‘ื™ืœื’ื™ื”" ื”ื–ื•.
ืžืฉื—ืง ืžืœื ื‘ืื”ื‘ื”. ืื™ืš ื ื‘ื™ืข ืื”ื‘ื”? ืื™ืš ื ืขืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ืื”ื‘ื”? ืžืฉื—ืง ืงืกื•ื ื•ืžืœื ื‘ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืื”ื‘ื”. ืžื›ื™ืœ 4 ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื• 72 ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื ืขื ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ื ืžืงื•ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืžืงืกื™ืžื™ื. ืžืขื•ื“ื“ ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืข ืื”ื‘ื”. ืžืคืชื— ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™. ืžืขื•ื“ื“ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช. ืžื˜ืคื— ืฉื™ื— ืขืœ ืจื’ืฉื•ืช. โ€‹ืžืชืื™ื ืœื’ื™ืœืื™ 3 ื•ืžืขืœื” ื•ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžืชืื™ื ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ 10. ืžืฉื—ืง ืฉืžืงืจื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ืžืฉืจื” ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืงืจื‘ื”, ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื•ืื”ื‘ื”. ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื ืœื•ื— ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื. ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืžืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ืขืœื™ื• ืœื ืžืง ืืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื• ื‘ืžืขื ื” ืขืœ ืื—ืช ืžืฉืชื™ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช: ืœืžื” ืืชื” ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื”ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ืฉื”ืจืžืช? ืžื” ืืชื” ืื•ื”ื‘ ื‘ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ืฉื”ืจืžืช? ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืชืฃ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื–ื•ื’, ื”ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ื”ื–ื”ื”, ืœื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื ืฉื‘ื—ืจ ื•ืœื”ื ื™ื— ื›ืœ ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ืขืœ ื”ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ื”ื–ื”ื” ืœื•. ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฉื™ื—ื” ื•ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื ืขืฉื• -ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื? ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ืฉืœื ื•? ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื•ื‘ืื™ืœื• ื”ืขื“ืคื•ืช ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื–ื” ืžื–ื”. ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืชืขื ื•ื’ ืฆืจื•ืฃ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื•ืžืฉืชืคื™ื ื‘ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ืœืžื”. ืื•ืฉืจ.
ื”ืคืชืขื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื ืจืฉืžื” ื”ืขืจื‘ (ืจื‘ื™ืขื™) ื‘ื˜ื•ืจื ื™ืจ ื•ืœื ืกื™ื” (ืกืš ืคืจืกื™ื: 1.357 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืจื•), ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžื“ื•ืจื’ ื”ื‘ื›ื™ืจ ื•ื”ืืœื•ืฃ ื”ืžื›ื”ืŸ, ืื ื“ื™ ืžืืจื™, ื”ื•ื“ื— ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ื‘ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืคืกื“ 6:2, 3:6, 6:2 ืœื—ื•ืืŸ ืžื•ื ืืงื•. ื”ื˜ื ื™ืกืื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™, ื”ืžื“ื•ืจื’ ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืจืฉื ืืช ื”ืคืกื“ื• ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ืœื™ืจื™ื‘ื• ื”ืืจื’ื ื˜ื™ื ืื™ ื”ืžืคืชื™ืข, ื•ื˜ื•ืจื ื™ืจ ื•ืœื ืกื™ื” ื™ืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ืืœื•ืฃ ื—ื“ืฉ. ื”ืžื“ื•ืจื’ ื”ื‘ื›ื™ืจ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื“ื—ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื•ื“ืจืœื™ื ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื“ื™, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ื ืืงื• ื™ืคื’ื•ืฉ ื‘ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืืช ืคื‘ืœื• ืื ื’'ื•ืืจ ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™. ื”ื”ื“ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืžืืจื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื”ืคืชืขื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ื•ื•ืœื ืกื™ื”. ื’ื ื”ืžื“ื•ืจื’ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ืจื ื™ืจ ืคืจื ื ื“ื• ื•ืจื“ืืกืงื• ื”ื•ื“ื— ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื›ื ืข 6:1, 6:3 ืœื–'ื™ืœ ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ. ืžื™ื›ืื™ืœ ื™ื•ื–'ื ื™, ื”ืžื“ื•ืจื’ 10 ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืคืจืฉ ื‘ืจื’ืข ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืžื”ื˜ื•ืจื ื™ืจ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืขืœื” ืœืฉื—ืง. ื”ื”ื“ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื•ืจื“ืืกืงื• ื•ื”ืคืจื™ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื–'ื ื™ ืคื’ืขื• ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื”ื ืœื”ืฉืชื—ืœ ืœื˜ื•ืจื ื™ืจ ื”ืžืืกื˜ืจืก. ื’ื ื‘ื‘ืื–ืœ (ืกืš ืคืจืกื™ื: 1.225 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืจื•) ืฉื™ื—ืงื• ื”ืขืจื‘, ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืžื•ืงื“, ืื™ืš ืœื, ื”ืคื™ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื˜ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืจื•ื’'ืจ ืคื“ืจืจ, ืฉื™ื ืกื” ืœื”ืฉื›ื™ื— ืืช ื”ื”ืคืกื“ ื‘ื’ืžืจ ื”ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ืœื ื•ื‘ืืง ื“ื’'ื•ืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅ'. ื”ืขืจื‘ ื ื™ืฆื— ื”ืžื“ื•ืจื’ ื”ื‘ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื˜ื•ืจื ื™ืจ 3:6, 4:6 ืืช ื™ืื ืงื• ื˜ื™ืคืกืืจื‘ื™ืฅ' ื”ืกืจื‘ื™ ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื™ืช ื”ื’ืžืจ. ื”ืžื“ื•ืจื’ ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ืจื ื™ืจ, ืื ื“ื™ ืจื•ื“ื™ืง, ื’ื‘ืจ ื‘ื“ืจื‘ื™ ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ 5:7, 5:7 ืขืœ ืกื ืงื•ื•ืจื™, ื•ืขืœื” ืœืฉืžื™ื ื™ืช ื”ื’ืžืจ.
ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืืœื•ืœ ื•ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื ื•ืจืื™ื ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื™ื ืืฆืœ ื›ืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื”ืจื”ื•ืจื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ื‘ืืžืช ื•ื‘ืชืžื™ื ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื•. ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ื•ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืงืœืงื•ืœื™ื, ื›ืื™ืœื• ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื“ื‘ืจ. ืœืžื” ืื™ืŸ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืžืขืžื“ ืœืื•ืจืš-ื–ืžืŸ? ื›"ืง ืื“ืžื•"ืจ ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ, ืฉื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื˜ื™ืคืœื” ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”'ืžื—ืœื”' ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื•ืœื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื” ื•ื‘ืฉื•ืจืฉื”. ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” ื”ื ืคืฉื™ืช ื”ื•ืฉืงืขื” ื‘ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ืขืฆืžืŸ, ืืš ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“ ื”ื•ืคื ื” ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืกื™ื‘ืชืŸ ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ืจืŸ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™. ืžืฉืœ ืœืžื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื“ื•ืžื”, ืœื—ื•ืจื‘ื” ืคืจื•ืฆื”, ืฉื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ื ืžืคื•ืงืคืงื™ื ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ื” ืžืกืชื•ืจ ื•ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ื‘ื” ืคืกื•ืœืช ืœืžื™ื ื™ื”. ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื‘ื•ื ืืœื™ื” ืžืคืขื ืœืคืขื, ืœื’ืจืฉ ืืช ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ื”ื‘ืœืชื™-ืงืจื•ืื™ื ื•ืœื ืงื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืœืช ืฉื”ืฆื˜ื‘ืจื”, ืืš ืžื™ื“ ืœืžื—ืจืช ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื• ื”ืคื’ืขื™ื ื”ืจืขื™ื. ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืชื•ืกื™ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคืจื•ืฆื” ืœื›ืœ ืจื•ื— - ืชืžืฉื•ืš ืืœื™ื” ื›ืœ ื–ื‘ ื•ืžืฆื•ืจืข. ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืกื’ื•ืจ ื‘ืขืœื™ื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจืฆื•ืช ื•ื™ื ืขืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืขืจื™ื, ืœื ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืขื•ื“ ืœืกืœืง ืžืชื•ื›ื” ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืœืช, ื›ื™ ื–ื• ืœื ืชื™ื›ื ืก ืืœื™ื” ื›ืœืœ. ืืฃ ื‘ื ืคืฉ ื”ืื“ื ื›ืš: ื™ืฉ ืคื’ืขื™ื ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™-ืืฉืคืชื•ืช ืฉื—ื•ื“ืจื™ื ืืœ ื”ื ืคืฉ. ืืœื” ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช, ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื ื”ื‘ืœืชื™-ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื, ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ืื ื• ื ืงืจืื™ื ืœืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”. ืืš ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช, ื–ื• ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ืœ'ืืกืงื•ืคื” ื”ื ื“ืจืกืช', 'ื—ื•ืจื‘ื”' ืคืจื•ืฆื” ืœื›ืœ ืจื•ื—, ื”ื™ื ืคืจื™ืงืช ื”ืขื•ืœ ื•ืงืœื•ืช-ื”ืจืืฉ. ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ืงื‘ืœืช-ืขื•ืœ, ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื ื›ื ืก ื•ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ืฉืขืจื™ ื”ื ืคืฉ - ืžื” ืคืœื ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžื–ื™ืงื™ื ื—ื•ื“ืจื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื”. ื‘ืจื•ื— ื–ื• ื”ื•ื ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงื–,ื™ื–): "ืื•ื•ื™ืœื™ื ืžื“ืจืš ืคืฉืขื ื•ืžืขื•ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื™ืชืขื ื•". ืคืฉืขื™ื - ืืœื” ื”ื—ื˜ืื™ื ืฉื ืขืฉื™ื ื‘ื–ื“ื•ืŸ, ื›ืžืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”'. ืขื•ื•ื ื•ืช - ืืœื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉื ืขืฉื•ืช ืžื—ื•ืกืจ ืฉื™ืžืช-ืœื‘. ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจ: ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืœื™ื ืœื ืกืจื• ืž"ื“ืจืš ืคืฉืขื", ืžืคืจื™ืงืช ื”ืขื•ืœ ื”ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ืคืฉืขื™ื ื•ืœืžืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืงื‘"ื”, ื•ืžื” ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื - "ืžืขื•ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื™ืชืขื ื•" - ืžืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชืขื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืกื™ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงืœื•ืช. ื–ื• ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ืื•ื•ื™ืœ, ื›ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืขืœ-ื—ื•ืจื‘ื” ื”ืžื ื™ื— ืื•ืชื” ืคืจื•ืฆื” ื•ืžืคืขื ืœืคืขื ื‘ื ืœืคื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืœืช. ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉ ื•ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื” - ืกื™ืœื•ืง ืคืจื™ืงืช-ื”ืขื•ืœ. ื•ื›ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ืคืจื™ืงืช-ืขื•ืœ, ืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืœืคืจื™ืงื” ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื. ืคืจื™ืงืช-ืขื•ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื ืืฆืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืžืจ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ื”ื•ื ืžืชืคืœืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื, ืงื•ื‘ืข ืขื™ืชื™ื ืœืชื•ืจื”, ืžื”ื“ืจ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช - ื•ืขื ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืงื‘ืœืช-ืขื•ืœ. ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื™ื˜ ืœืืŸ ืฉืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ื˜, ืฉื•ืžืข ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื”ื’ื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืœื›ื•ืœ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืื—ืช โ€“ ืคืจื™ืงืช-ืขื•ืœ ื•ืงืœื•ืช-ืจืืฉ. ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืขื•ืœ; ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืœืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื•ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช. ืงื‘ืœืช-ืขื•ืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื”: ืœื”ืฆื™ื‘ ืฉืขืจื™ื ื‘ืคืชื—ื™ ื”ื ืคืฉ. ืœื ื›ืœ ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ื ื›ื ืก ื•ื™ื•ืฆื. ื™ืฉ ืžื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ืฉ ืืกื•ืจ. ื”ื ืคืฉ ืื™ื ื” ื”ืคืงืจ. ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืœืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื— ื•ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ืจืš ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื”ืœื‘, ื•ืจืง ืื ื”ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื ื›ื•ืŸ - ื™ื™ื›ื ืก ืคื ื™ืžื”. ืชื ืื™ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช โ€“ ืงื‘ืœืช-ืขื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื. ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืขืœื™ื• ืขื•ืœ, ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืืช ืžืจื•ืช ื”ืงื‘"ื”. ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืžื ื™ื— ืœืงืœื•ืช-ืจืืฉ ืœื”ืฉืชืœื˜ ืขืœื™ื•. ื”ืจื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื‘ืขืœื™ื; ื”ื•ื ืขื‘ื“ ื”'! ืžืžื™ืœื ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืœื˜ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื•ืžื‘ืงืจ ื›ืœ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื”ืจื”ื•ืจ. ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืžื ื™ื— ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืฆืืช ืžื›ืœืœ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”. ื–ื• ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช, ืฉืขื•ืงืจืช ืืช ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืจืข, ื•ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจ.
ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื—ืง ืžื™ืก ืงื™ื˜ื™ ืžืฉื‘ืฆื•ืช ืขื ืžื–ื•ืžื ื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ ื‘ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื”ืงื–ื™ื ื• ืืจื™ืกื˜ื•ืงืจื˜ ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜. ืžืฉื—ืง ืขื ื›ืกืฃ ืืžื™ืชื™ ื”ื•ื 100% ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื•ืžืื•ื‘ื˜ื— ืขื ืžื‘ื—ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืžื•ืจืฉื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืงื–ื™ื ื• ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื—ืง ืขื ื”ื™ืžื•ืจื™ื ื›ืกืฃ ืืžื™ืชื™ - ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืคืชื•ื— ื‘ืงื–ื™ื ื•, ืœืงื‘ืœ ื‘ื•ื ื•ืก ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉืœืš ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื ืฆื— ืขื›ืฉื™ื•! ืœืฉื—ืง ืžื™ืก ืงื™ื˜ื™ ืžืฉื‘ืฆืช ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื ืืจื™ืกื˜ื•ืงืจื˜ื™ืช ืžื™ืก ืงื™ื˜ื™ ืžืฉื‘ืฆืช ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื—ืง ืงื–ื™ื ื• ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื (ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื™ืžื•ืจื™ื HTML5) ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉื—ืง ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื ื™ื™ื“ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื›ื ืื• ื”ื˜ืื‘ืœื˜. ืฉื—ืง ืืช ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืกืฃ ืืžื™ืชื™ ื‘ืงื–ื™ื ื• ื ื™ื™ื“ ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ Android, Apple Tablet iPhone ืื• iPad Tablet. ๐Ÿ”ฅ 200 ื ืืžื ื•ืช ื—ื™ื ื ืกืคื™ื ื™ื! ๐Ÿ’ต 115 ื—ื™ื ื ื ืืžื ื™ื ืกืคื™ื ื™ื!
ืื ื™ ืžืชื ืฆืœ ืžืขื•ืžืง ื”ืœื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืื™ื—ื•ืจ, ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื“ืจืš-ื›ืœืœ ืื ื• ืžืฉืชื“ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืœื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืจ ืœืงืจืืช ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื›ืขืช ืื ื• ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœื›ืš ืจืง ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•. ื”ืื™ื—ื•ืจ ื ื’ืจื ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ืืœื• ื•ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืื•ืœื ื›ืœ ืขื›ื‘ื” ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ื•ื”ื ื” ื–ื›ื™ื ื• ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ื‘ืคืกื— ืฉื ื™, ื‘ื• ืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืชืงืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื• ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸโ€ฆ . ื’ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ื”ื›ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืื•ืชื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื ืœืขืจื•ืš ื‘ื™ื•ื ื›โ€ื— ืื™ื™ืจ ื‘ืื•ืœืžื™ โ€œืชืžื™ืจโ€ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืื•ืœื ื”ืขื’ื•ืœ, ืฉื ื ืชื›ื ืก ืœื•ืขื™ื“ื” ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช ืฉืœ โ€œืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืฆื™ื•ืŸโ€ ื•ื ื•ื“ื” ืœื”โ€™ ืขืœ ื ืกื™ื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืขืฉื” ืœืขืžื•. ืžืœื‘ื“ ื–ืืช ืชืžืฆืื• ืžืืžืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ืงื•ืจืื™ โ€œืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืฆื™ื•ืŸโ€. ืื ื™ ืฉืžื— ืœื‘ืฉืจ, ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ื ืืฆืœ ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื—ืจื“ื™, ื—ืœืงื ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ืžืื“, ื–ื›ื™ื ื• ืœื”ืขืจื›ื” ืจื‘ื” ื•ืœืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื ื•, ื•ืื ื• ืฉื•ืื‘ื™ื ืžื›ืš ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ืœื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื“ืจืš. ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืฆื•ืจืคืช ื›ืืŸ ื”ื–ืžื ื” ืœืื™ืจื•ืข, ืืฉืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื“ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืืžืฅ ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื•ื ืืœื™ื• ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืœื™ื• ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืžื›ืจื™ื. ืื ืื›ืŸ ื ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืžืœื ืืช ื”ืื•ืœื, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ืชืŸ ืชื ื•ืคื” ืื“ื™ืจื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช, ื”ืŸ ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืขืœื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื, ืื•ืชื ืื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืคืชื—. ืื ื™ ืงื•ืจื ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ื–ืžื ื” ื”ืœืื” ืœื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ, ืื™ืฉ ืื™ืฉ ืœืคื™ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื”ืขื–ืจื™ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉ. ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืžืžื•ืŸ ืจื‘, ื•ื”ื•ืขื™ื“ื” ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช ื‘ืจืืฉืŸ, ื•ืขืœ-ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื•ืจืฃ ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื‘ื• ืงืจื™ืื” ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืžืคืขืœ ื”ื–ื”, ืืฉืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื›ื•ืœื ื•.
10/01/2017 ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ ืฆืคื™ื•ืช: 201573 ื”ื™ื•ื: 29 โ˜…โ˜…โ˜… ื‘ืจื•ื›ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืžืœื•ืŸ ืจื™ื‘ื™ื™ืจื” ืกื™ืจืžื™ื•ื ื”. ื ื‘ื ื” ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ืžืœื•ืŸ Azzurra ืžืžื•ืงื ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืงืฆืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืื’ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉ Virgilio ืกืคื ื‘ืžืจื›ื–. ืงื‘ืœืช ืคื ื™ื ื—ืžื” ืžื—ื›ื” ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืช. ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื“ืจื™ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื, ืฆื‘ืข ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื•ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ. ืžื•ืกืš ืœื”ื—ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ืช. ืžืœื•ืŸ Azzurra id ืœืคืชื•ื— ื‘ืขืจื‘ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”. (Azzurra ืžืœื•ืŸ Sirmione ืžืœื•ื ื•ืช).
ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืื•ืคืฆื™ื”- ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืงืคื˜ืŸ ื’'ื•ืจื’' ืคื•ืœืืจื“ ื•ืื ืฉื™ ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฆื™ื™ื“ืช ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื ื™ื "ืืกืงืก"- ืืฉืจ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘-1819 ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉืžืŸ ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœืชืื•ืจื” ืžืœื‘ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืฉืงื˜ ืืœ ื”ืื™ ืฉืœื”ื ื ื ื˜ืืงื˜. ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืกืข ืžืฉืžืขื• ืฉืœื ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืฉื›ืจ, ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืกืคื™ื ื” ืœื ื™ืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื•, ื•ืืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืš- ืžืขืžื“ื ื•ืžืงื•ืžื ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืงืฉื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ื“ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ ื ื ื˜ืืงื˜, ืžื•ืœ ื—ื•ืคื™ ืžืกืฆ'ื•ืกื˜ืก- ื™ื™ืคื’ืข ืงืฉื•ืช. ืœืฉื ื”ืฆืœื—ืช ื”ืžืกืข ื”ื ื™ื™ืคืจื“ื• ืžื ืฉื•ืชื™ื”ื, ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื ืฉื˜ืจื ื ื•ืœื“ื•, ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื, ืงื”ื™ืœืชื ื•ืื“ืžืชื ื•ื™ืฆืื• ืœืžืกืข ืฉืœ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื™ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืœื‘ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก. ื”ื ื™ื”ืจื’ื• ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื ื™ื ืชื•ืš ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉื™ ืขืฆื•ื, ื™ื—ื™ื• ื‘ืฆืžืฆื•ื ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“ ืžืฉืืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื™ืื‘ืงื• ื‘ืื™ืชื ื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื‘ืกืคื™ื ืช ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื™ื” ืขืฅ. ืžื”ืžืกืข ื”ื–ื”, ืืœื™ื• ื™ืฆืื• 20 ืื ืฉื™ื, ื™ื—ื–ืจื• ืจืง 8 ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื. ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืื‘ืงื ื•ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืชื ื”ืžืชื•ืืจ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ื›ืฉืจื•ืŸ ืจื‘- ืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ืœื—ื™ื™ื ืคืจืฉื” ืžืœืคื ื™ 200 ืฉื ื”, ืคืจืฉื” ื‘ื” ื”ื ื™ืฆื•ื“ ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืฆื™ื™ื“- ื•ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืชืŸ ืžื˜ื‘ื™ืข ืืช ื”ืกืคื™ื ื”. ืคืจืฉื” ื‘ื” ื—ื‘ื•ืจืช ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื ืืœืฆืช ืœืฉืจื•ื“ ื‘ืกื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฆืœื” ืจืขื•ืขื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืขืฆื•ื, ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœืœื ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืื• ืžื™ื. ืคืจืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืชื ื—ื•ืจื’ืช ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืจื’ื™ืœ, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื‘ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ืžืื‘ืง ื‘ืื™ืชื ื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืืคืกื™ื™ื- ื ืืœืฆื™ื ื”ืฉื•ืจื“ื™ื ืœื”ืคื™ืœ ื’ื•ืจืœื•ืช ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืœืžื•ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื. ืคืจืฉื™ื” ืฉื˜ื™ืœื˜ืœื” ื‘ื–ืžื ื• ืืช ื ื ื˜ืืงื˜ ื•ืืช ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื”, ื•ืœื™ื•ื•ืชื” ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืจื“ื™ื ืœืฉืืจื™ืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื. ืกืคืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘-1820 ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื—ื“ ื”ืฉื•ืจื“ื™ื, ื•ืจืง ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ 170 ืฉื ื” ื”ืชื’ืœื” ื›ืชื‘ ื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืจื“ ื ื•ืกืฃ. ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืืกืฃ ื‘ื™ื“ ืืžืŸ ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืจื•ื— ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืชืžื•ื ืช ืžืฆื‘ ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื”ืžืœื•ื•ื” ืืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื, ื•ืฉื–ืจ ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ืœื›ื“ื™ ืกืคืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจืง ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ืžืงืจื” ืืžื™ืชื™, ืืœื ื’ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื‘ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืชื™ืขื•ื“ื™ ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื’ื ื™ื—ื“. ื”ืกืคืจ ืžื•ื‘ื™ ื“ื™ืง, ืฉื”ืชืคืจืกื ืžืื“, ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืขืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”"ืืกืงืก", ืื ื›ื™ ื”ืจืžืŸ ืžืœื•ื•ื™ืœ (ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืฆื™ื™ื“ ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื ื™ื ื•ื ืคื’ืฉ ื’ื ืขื ื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ ื”ืืกืงืก) ื”ืจืฉื” ืœืขืฆืžื• ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืืžื ื•ืชื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืœืžื“ื™ ืฉืขื™ืงืจื” ื”ื•ื ืื—ืจ. ืื ื™ ืกืงืจืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืกืคืจ, ื ืฉืžืข ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—. ื”ืื ืžืกืฆ'ื•ืกื˜ืก ืื™ื ื” ืฉื•ื›ื ืช ืœื—ื•ืคื™ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืื˜ืœื ื˜ื™?
ืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื”ืชื ืชืงื•ืช ื•ืงื•ื‘ื™ ืกืœืข ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœืื•ืœืคืŸ ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื‘ืช 3 ืคืจืงื™ื ืชื—ืช ื”ืฉื 'ื–ืขืงืช ืฆื‘ืข ื›ืชื•ื'. ื—"ื› ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ื–ื‘ื•ืœื•ืŸ ื›ืœืคื”, ืขื•"ื“ ื’ืœืขื“ ืงื•ืจื ื™ืืœื“ื™ ืฉื ืื‘ืง ืขืœ ืื™ ื”ืจื™ืกืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฉ, ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ ืืœื™ื”ื• ืืงืจืžืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืชื•ืฉื‘ ื’ื•ืฉ ืงื˜ื™ืฃ, ืื‘ื™ ืคืจื—ืŸ ืฉื’ื•ืจืฉ ืžืกื™ื ื™ ื•ื’ื ืžื’ื•ืฉ ืงื˜ื™ืฃ, ื•ืฉื™ืจื™ ื‘ืœื™ื™ื›ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืืœื• ืฉื“ืื’ื• ืœื”ื—ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฆื‘ืข ื”ื›ืชื•ื ืœื›ืœ ืคืจื™ื˜ ืืคืฉืจื™. ืชื ื• ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืงื˜!!! ืืชื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉืจืช ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”- ืื—ืจื™ ืฉ"ื”ื™ื" ื‘ื’ื“ื” ื‘ื›ื, ืืชื ื”ื–ื•ื™ื™ื-ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื›ื ืžื›ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื‘ ื•ืืช ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉืจืช ืžืจืฆื•ืŸ, ืœื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืงื—!! ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืจื—ืžืช ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื ืœืฆื‘ื ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืื” ื”ื ืืœื• ืฉื’ื™ืจืฉื• ืื•ืชื-ืชืื›ืœื• ืื•ืชื”!!!!! ืงื•ื‘ื™ ืœืžื” ืฉืœื ืชื—ื™ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ื›ื™ืคื” ืฉืœืš ืœื›ื™ืคื” ืกืจื•ื’ื”-ืืชื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื•ื”ื-ื‘ื’ื™ืฉื”, ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื‘ืžืขืฉื”!! ืชืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœืฉืจืช ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” "ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”" ืฉืœื›ื!!! ื˜ืžื‘ืœื™ื!! ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืžื’ืจืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื›ื ื•ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ื•ืœ ื”ื›ื™ ื ื•ืจื ืฉื™ื“ืขื” ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ืชื™ืชื™ ืื‘ืœ ืืชื-ืชืžื›ืฉื™ื›ื• ืœืฉืจืช ื•ืœื ืชืœืžื“ื• ืœืงื—.. ืชื ื• ืœื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื•!!! ืื ื›ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืžื“ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืฆื‘ื ื•ืงืฆืช ืืžื•ื ื” ืœื ืชื–ื™ืง-ื”ื›ืœ ืžื”' ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืืœื• ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ืจื•ื—ื ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจืช ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช-ืžื” ืฉื ืจืื” ื ื— ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืžื” ืฉืœื-ืœื , ืื– ื›ืŸ ื–ื• ื”ื“ืขื” ืฉืœื ื• ื›ื—ืจื“ื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื”'!!!! ืื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืื”ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื—ืœื™ืœื” ืœื”ืกื›ื™ื ืขื ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืชื™ื”ื!! ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ืœืš ืœืคื™ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœื•!!! ืชื’ื™ื“ื•- ืœื ืžืขืœื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช??? ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขื•ื“ ืชื›ื ื™ืช?? ืœื™ื‘ื™ ืื™ืชื›ื ืื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ืงืจื™ื, ื ืœื—ืžืชื ืขื“ ื˜ื™ืคืช ื”ื“ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”..
ื”ื’ืื“ื’'ื˜ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื ืงืจื "ื“ื•ืœืคื™" (Dolfi) ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื›ื‘ื™ืกื” ื ื™ื™ื“ืช. ืžื” ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื”? ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื, ืžื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืชื—ืจื” ืื• ื—ื•ืœืฆื•ืช ืžื›ื•ืคืชืจื•ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืœืžื›ื•ื ืช ื›ื‘ื™ืกื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื”ืจืกื•, ื ืžืฆื ืœื›ืš ืคืชืจื•ืŸ. ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœืžืœื ื’ื™ื’ื™ืช ืขื ืžื™ื ืื• ืืžื‘ื˜ื™ื”, ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืคื ื™ืžื” ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืกื” ื”ืžืœื•ื›ืœื›ืช, ืœืฉืคื•ืš ืžืขื˜ ื ื•ื–ืœ ื›ื‘ื™ืกื” ื•ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ื“ื•ืœืคื™. ืื—ืจื™ 30 ืขื“ 40 ื“ืงื•ืช ื™ืฉ ื›ื‘ื™ืกื” ื ืงื™ื™ื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ืคื’ื ื‘ื‘ื“. ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“? ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืฉื•ืœื— ื’ืœื™ ืื•ืœื˜ืจืกืื•ื ื“, ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืฉืžืชื ืคื—ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกื™ืœื•ื ื™ื ืฉืคืฉื•ื˜ ื—ื•ื“ืจื•ืช ื“ืจืš ื”ืกื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื“ ื•ืžืขื™ืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื‘ืง. ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื•ื–ื” ื’ื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžื“ื”ื™ื ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื. ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื” ื›200 ื“ื•ืœืจ. ื”ื’ืื“ื’'ื˜ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืจืžืงื•ืœ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืก ื‘ืœืชื™ ืจื’ื™ืœ ื”ื ืงืจื "ืžืืจืก" (mars), ืฉื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื™ื›ื ืก ืืœื™ื›ื ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ื™ื™ืฉืืจ ืขื ืคื” ืคืขื•ืจ. ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ื”ืžืง ืคืจื• ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจืžืงื•ืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืžืจื—ืฃ. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืžืงื•ืœ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉืœื• ื™ืฉ ืžื’ื ื˜. ื›ืฉืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”, ื”ืจืžืงื•ืœ ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ืจืขืฉื™ื ืžื”ืงืจืงืข ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืกืื•ื ื“ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื—ื“ืจ, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืื•ืคืŸ. ื”ืจืžืงื•ืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื”ื•ื ื—ืกื™ืŸ ืžื™ื ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืื•ืชื• ืœืงืขืจืช ืžื™ื ื•ื–ื” ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื ื’ืŸ. ื”ืจืžืงื•ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ื›350 ื“ื•ืœืจ. ื”ื’ื“ื’'ื˜ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืฆืœืžื” ื”ื ืงืจืืช ื‘ืื˜ืจืคืœื™ื™ (butterfly) ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื—ื›ื. ื”ืžืฆืœืžื” ืœื•ืžื“ืช ืืช ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืœื•ืงื—ืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืื. ืžื” ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื”? ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ ื™ืฉ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืคื ื™ื, ื”ื•ื ืžื–ื”ื” ืืช ื“ื™ื™ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื, ื•ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื. ืื ื™ืฉ ืื™ืจื•ืข ื—ืจื™ื’, ื”ืžืฆืœืžื” ืžืงืœื™ื˜ื” ื•ืžืฉื“ืจืช ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ ืกื˜ืจื™ืžื™ื ื’ ืœื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆืœืžื”, ื•ื ื•ืชื ืช ืขืœ ื›ืš ื”ืชืจืื•ืช. ื”ืžืฆืœืžื” ืขื•ืœื” ื›200 ื“ื•ืœืจ.
ื”ืขื ืฃ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื•ื‘ืœื” ื–ื”ื• ืชื—ื•ื ืขื ืงื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขื ืคื™ื ื•ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ืข. ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืขื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืขื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืชื‘ืฆืขื•ืช ืœืžืขืŸ ื›ืœืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืžืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืืฃ ืžืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื™ื, ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื™ืžื•ืช ืืฃ ื‘ื’ื“ืœื™ื ืจืฆื™ื ื™ื™ื, ื•ื”ืจื™ ืžืŸ ื”ืกืชื ืฉื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื•ื‘ืœืช ืืจื’ื–ื™ ืื—ืกื•ืŸ. ื”ื™ื ื›ื ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ืžืกืชืงืจื ื™ื ื”ื‘ื” ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื•ื‘ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื—ืกื ื™ื? ืขื ืืชืจื ื• ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ืœื—ืคืฉ ืžื•ืžื—ื” ื˜ื•ื‘, ื”ืžืขื ื™ืง ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ืฉืจื™ื“. ืืชื, ื’ื•ืœืฉื™ื ื•, ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืช ื—ืจื•ืฉืช ื•ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื–ื™ื– ืงื•ืžื•ื“ื™ื˜ื™ ืœืžื›ื‘ื™ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืฉืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืžืคืขืœ ืœืœื•ืงื™ื™ืฉืŸ ื ืคืจื“? ื”ืจื™ ืฉืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืœื™ ืงื•ืฉื™ ื›ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื”ืขื‘ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื–ื•ืœื” ื”ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ืžืœืื›ื” ื”ื–ื•. ื”ืžื—ืกื ื™ื ืฉื”ืฉื’ืชื ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืืŸ ื•ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื–ืžืŸ ื–ื• ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื›ื ืจืื” ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ื”ืขื‘ืจื•ืช ืื™ื–ื•ืจื™ ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ืžื ืžืœื” ืฉืœ ืืฉื“ื•ื“ ืœืฉืจื™ื“ ื•ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”? ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืืชืจ "ื”ื•ื‘ืœืช ืžื›ื•ืœื•ืช" ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื›ื ืœื—ืคืฉ ืžืฉื ืข ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื“ืจื™ืฉืชื›ื ื•ื™ืžืžืฉ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืชื›ื ืืช ืžืขื ื” ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื‘ืœืช ื”ืžื—ืกืŸ. ื–ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืืชืจ ื™ืขื™ืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืกื‘ืœื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืขื‘ืจื™ื, ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ื ื•ืขื™ ืžื—ืกืŸ ื•ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ืœืคื™ ื‘ืงืฉืชื›ื. ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื›ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ื•ืื ื–ื” ื™ื›ืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืจืžื” ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ืช ื”ืงืœื™ืœ ืฉืžืกืคืง ืืชืจื ื• ืืชื ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ืœื ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืžืฆื™ืืช ืื™ืฉ ืžืงืฆื•ืข. ื‘ืขืช ืฉืืชื ืชืจื™ื ืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื‘ืœืช ืงื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ, ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ื•ืฆื ืฉื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื‘ืจื” ืฉืฆื•ืจื›ืช ืฆื•ื•ืช ืื—ืจืื™ ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ืจืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ. ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื•ื‘ืœืช ืžื•ืงื“ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื™ื ืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ื•ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื”ื•ื‘ืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ. ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืืชืจ "ื”ื•ื‘ืœื”", ืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืคื•ืก ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉืจื™ื“ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืฉืชื›ื ื™ืกื• ืœืจืืฉ ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืžืฆืืชื ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ืžืขืœื™ื ืฉืืœื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื”ื• ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื•ื‘ืœืช ืžื›ื•ืœื”, ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ื•ืฆื ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžื—ื™ืจ ืืฉืจ ื ืขื” ืขืœ-ืคื™ ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ, ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื”ืžืจื—ืง ื•ืžืืกืช ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื”. ื“ื‘ืจื• ืขืžื ื• ื‘ืฉืขื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ื•ืงื‘ืœื• ื”ืฆืขืช ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืžื•ื”. ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื–ืช ืื™ื–ื•ืจื™ ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ืจืง ืืฆืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช " ื”ื•ื‘ืœื•ืช ืžื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืžืฉืจื™ื“ ืœืžื ืžืœ ืืฉื“ื•ื“/ื—ื™ืคื”"? ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ื™ื ื›ื ืกืงืจื ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืขื ื” ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ืžื—ื™ืจื•ืŸ ืจืฉืื™ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื›ื ืœื“ืื’ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื. ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื•ื‘ืœื•ืช ืžื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืžืžื ืžืœ ืืฉื“ื•ื“/ื—ื™ืคื” ืœืฉืจื™ื“ a, ืืœ ืชืฉื›ื—ื• ืฉืชื–ื›ื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื•ื‘ืŸ: ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืช, ืืžื™ื ื•ืช, ื’ื™ืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืชืขืจื™ืฃ. ื”ื•ื‘ืœืช ื‘ื™ืช ืžื”ืžืจื™ื ื”, ืžืขื‘ืจ ืž ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื•/ืื• ืžื›ืœ ืขืกืง ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื. ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืจื˜ืœ ื”ื•ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ื•ื‘ืœื•ืช ืžื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืžืžื ืžืœ ื—ื™ืคื” ืœืฉืจื™ื“ ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื›ื.
ืขื•โ€ื“ ื–ื”ืจ ืคื™ืฉืจ, ืžื™ื™ืกื“ ื—ื‘ืจืช ืจื•ื‘ื•ืก (ืœื™ื’ืœ ืžืจืงื˜ื™ื ื’) ื”ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ, ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง, ืžื™ืชื•ื’ ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืขืกืงื™ ืœืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืจื•ืื™ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ. ื”ืกืงื˜ื•ืจ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื‘ืจ ื•ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื˜ืœื˜ืœื•ืช โ€“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ื’ื•ืื”, ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืžืฉื‘ืจื™ื ื ืงื•ื“ืชื™ื™ื. ื˜ืœื˜ืœื•ืช ืืœื” ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœื”ืคื ืžื” ื›ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื™ื™ืฉื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืขืกืงื™, ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื ืžื–ื” ืžืกืคืจ ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื™ื, ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื’ื™ื™ืก ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ืœืฉืžืจ ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื. ื•ืืžื ื, ืชื—ื•ื ื”-Legal Marketing (ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืขืกืงื™ ืœืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ) ืฉื”ื—ืœ ืœื‘ืขื‘ืข ื‘ืกืงื˜ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2010, ื”ืคืš ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืœืฃ ืœืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœืคืชื—ื ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ืœื™ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื, ืœืฆื“ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืฉื”ืœื›ื• ื•ื”ืืžื™ืจื• ื•ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืขืœ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ื•ืืฃ ืžืื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”. ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืชื—ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช, ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื•ื›ื ืกื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืœื‘ืงืจื™ื, ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ืกื‘ื‘ื™ ื”ื’ืฉื” ืกื“ื•ืจื™ื ืœืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ (ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื›ืื—ื“), ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ื ื™ื•ื–ืœื˜ืจื™ื ื•ืžื” ืœื. ื•ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ื”ืกื•ืคืจ ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฉื•ืจ ืฉื—ืœืฃ โ€“ ืžื” ืฆื•ืคื” ืœื ื• ื”ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘? ืชื ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืฉืžืจื ื•ืช: ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ืŸ ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉื ืจืื” ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ืœืคื ื™ ื–ืžืŸ ืœื ืจื‘ ื‘ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืืชื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืœืฉื›ืช ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืืกื•ืจ ื•ื”ืžื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ. ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืžืชืงืจื‘ ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืจืง ืชื’ื‘ืจ, ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ื’ื“ืœื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื™ืฆื˜ืจืคื• ืœืžืงืฆื•ืข, ืคื™ืฆื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื‘ื™ืื• ืœื”ืงืžืช ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ืง ื ื™ืฉืชื™ื™ื, ื•ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืชื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื™ื‘ืฆืขื• ืกืงืจื™ ืฉื•ืง ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื•ืฉื›ืจ ื˜ืจื—ื”. ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ ืฉื›ื–ื”, ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื™ื”ืคื›ื• ื ื•ืขื–ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืฉืžืจื ื™ื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช. ื”ื—ืœ ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ื’ืจืคื™ื™ื ื‘ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”, ื“ืจืš ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื”ืžืžื•ืงื“ื™ื ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืขื™ืกื•ืง ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ืืœื ื’ื ื‘โ€ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ื”ืœืงื•ื—โ€, ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืขื ืงืช ืขืจืš ืžื•ืกืฃ ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื–ืžื ื•ืช ืœืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ืงื•ืงื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืกื’ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืงืžืช โ€œืžื•ืขื“ื•ื ื™ ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืชโ€ ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ื™ื, ื•ื›ืœื” ื‘ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื‘โ€ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ืโ€ โ€“ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื•ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืžื•ืชื’ื™ื (ืžืจืฆโ€™ื ื“ื™ื™ื–). ื›ืœ ืืœื• ื™ืขื ื™ืงื• ืžืขื˜ืคืช ื”ื•ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ืžืœืื” ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“. ืจื™ืขื ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช: ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื‘ืกืงื˜ื•ืจ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืจื•ื‘ ื ืžืฆื ืžืขื˜ ืžืื—ื•ืจ, ื•ื ื“ืžื” ืฉื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ โ€“ ืžื™ ืฉื™ื™ืฉืืจ ืžืื—ื•ืจ โ€“ ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื™ื•ื•ืชืจ ืฉื. ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ืืคื™ืงื™ ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื‘ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ื”ืกื˜ืจื˜ืืคื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื•ืื ืฉื™ ื”ื ื“ืœโ€ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ืจ, ืืœื• ืฉื‘ืขื•ื“ ื—ืžืฉ ืื• ืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื ื™ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืื™ื–ื” ืžืฉืจื“ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื™ืœื•ื•ื” ืื•ืชื. ืœืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ืคืขื™ืœ, ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื’ื™ืœ ื–ื• ืชืชืงื“ื ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ ืžืคืชื—, ื›ืš ืชื™ื“ืจืฉ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื ืจื—ื‘ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื โ€œืคืจืื™ื™ืโ€ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ โ€“ ื”ื—ืœ ืžืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื (ื‘ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื”ื™ืจืฉื ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช) ื•ืขื“ ืœืฉืืจ ื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ื“ื•ืจ ื”-Y ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘. ื•ืขื•ื“ ืœื ืืžืจื ื• ืžื™ืœื” (ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืฉื•ื•ื” ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื ืœื‘ื“ื•) ืขืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”-Buzz Words ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ โ€“ ื”ืงืžืช ืงื”ื™ืœื”. ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื–ืจื™ื: ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืื“ื•ื ืžื“ื ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ โ€“ ื•ื–ืืช ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”-Blue Ocean ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื—ืกื™ ื‘ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื–ืจื™ื. ืื ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฆืคื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืขื ืง ืœืฆื“ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ืง ื”ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื•ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™ืช โ€“ ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘โ€ื“ื”ื™ืจื”โ€ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื™ื ืืœ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื’ื™ื™ืก ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช. ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื–ื• ืชื“ืจื•ืฉ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืื™ื ื˜ื ืกื™ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื•ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืขืกืงื™, ื‘ื“ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืฉืคื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช, ื˜ื™ืจื’ื•ื˜ ืงื”ืœื™ ื™ืขื“ ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืืชืจื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื–ืจื™ื, ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื‘ืฉืคื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื•ืขื•ื“. ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš, ื”ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ื‘ื™ื ืื™ืชื• ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื™ื โ€“ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื“ืœื™ื ื•ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืขื™ืกื•ืง โ€“ ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื˜ื•ืก ืืœ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ื›ื ืกื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ืฉืชืœืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช (ื’ื ื›ืงื”ืœ ื•ื’ื ื›ื ื•ืฉืื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื) ื•ื™ืฉืœื‘ื• ื–ืืช ืขื ืกื‘ื‘ื™ ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืขื ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ื. ืชื ื”ืขื™ื“ืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื–ืจื™ื ื”ื ืžื ืช ื—ืœืงื ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืขื ืง ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื”: ืื ืื—ื“ ืžื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื”ื•ื ืฉ-โ€Content is Kingโ€, ื”ืจื™ ืฉืืฆืœ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื•ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉโ€ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืœืœ = ืื™ื›ื•ืชโ€. ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื–ืืช ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื™ื, ื‘ื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืœืคื™ ืกืขื™ืคื™ื ื•ืืฃ ื‘ืืกืคืงื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง โ€“ ืขืช ืœื ืคืขื ืขื•ืจื›ื™-ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืชืคื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื•ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ โ€“ ืฉื’ื ืœื ื ืจืื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื•ื’ืโ€ฆ ืœืจื•ื‘ ืœื ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืื™ืฉ. ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื•ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืขืกืงื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืžื’ืžื” ืฉืœ ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ื™ื, ื•ืžืชืŸ ื“ื’ืฉ ืขืœ Visual โ€“ ืชืžื•ื ื” ืื• ื•ื™ื“ืื•, ืฉื™ืฉืชื“ืœื• ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืžืกืจ ืื—ื“, ื—ื“ ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ. ืžื’ืžื” ื–ื• ืจืง ืชืœืš ื•ืชืชืขืฆื, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื“ื•ืจ ื”-Y ืžืงื‘ืœ ืœื™ื“ื™ื• ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ ืžืคืชื— ื‘ืžืฉืง โ€“ ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ืขืœ ื—ื“ื•ืช ื•ืชืคื™ืกื” ืžื”ื™ืจื” โ€“ ืœืฆื“ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืกื‘ืœื ื•ืช ืœืžื™ื“ืข ืžื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืœโ€ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื™ืโ€. ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคื•ืกื˜ ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช, ื‘ื˜ื•ืจ ื“ืขื” ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื‘ืจื•ืฉื•ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ โ€“ ื”ื”ืžืœืฆื” ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืžื”ื•ื“ืง ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ โ€“ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื ื”ื™ืจ, ื—ื“ ื•ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ โ€“ ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืœืฆื“ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™. ื‘ืขืœ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื—ื“ืฉ: ืื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื™ ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ืชืคืงื™ื“ โ€œืžื ื”ืœ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืขืกืงื™โ€ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื ืฉืžืข ื›ืžื“ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™; ื•ืื ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื˜ื™ื™ื“ื• ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื ื”ืœื™ ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืขืกืงื™ โ€“ ื”ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืžืชืงืจื‘ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืขื™ืžื• ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื—ื“ืฉ ื ื•ืกืฃ. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืœ ืœืฆื•ืฅ ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ โ€“ ืžื ื”ืœ ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช (CIO โ€“ Chief Innovation Officer). ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืขื–ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ, ื“ืจืš ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืœื‘ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื™ืขื™ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช. ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื˜ืžื™ืข ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ Legal Operations ื•ื›ืœื™ ืœื™ื’ืœ-ื˜ืง (Legal Tech), ืฉื™ืขื ื™ืงื• ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืžื•ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื•ืฉื›ืจ ื˜ืจื—ื”, ืืœื ื’ื ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช, ืœืฆื“ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืžื”ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™. ืขืฉื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืžืจืชืง ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ื™ืคืชื— ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื•ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืขืกืงื™ ืœืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ. ื”ืื ืืชื ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื? ื”ืžืืžืจ ืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช โ€˜ืขื•ืจืš ื”ื“ื™ืŸโ€™ ืฉืœ ืœืฉื›ืช ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ื’ื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžืื™ 2020. ืœืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœืžืืžืจ ื‘ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ- ื”ืงืœื™ืงื• ื›ืืŸ. ืขื‘ืจืชื ืžืฉืจื“? ื”ืชืžื–ื’ืชื ืขื ืžืฉืจื“ ืื—ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืœื ืื• ื—ืœืงื™? ืื ื• ืžืžืœื™ืฆื™ื ืœื›ื ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ืžืกืžืš ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืžื™ื–ื•ื’ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ. ื›ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื”, ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ืฉื•ืจืช ื—ื™ื“ื•ื“ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืžื“ืจื™ืš, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืฉื•ืจืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื (ืื ื›ื™ ืœื ืจื‘ื”) ืฉื”ื•ื˜ืžืขื• ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ืฉื ื”. ืจื™ื›ื–ื ื• ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ืืช ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื‘ืงืœื™ืคืช ื”ืื’ื•ื–.
ื”ืžืžืฆื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื‘ืกืงืจ, ืฉืœืคื™ื• ื›ึพ41% ืžื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ืก ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข, ืชื•ืื ืœืกืงืจื™ื ืฉืขืจื›ื” ื”ืœืž"ืก. ืืœื ืฉืกืงืจื™ ื”ืœืž"ืก ืœื ืžืจืื™ื ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื, ื•ื”ืกืงืจ ืฉืœ "ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜" ื—ื•ืฉืฃ ื›ื™ ืœืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ืก ื”ื•ื ืขืžื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžึพ10,000 ืฉืงืœ, ื•ื›ื™ 70% ืกื•ื—ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื ื”. ืขื•ื“ ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช ืžื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ืก ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช (43% ืœืขื•ืžืช 30%). ืœื›ึพ70% ืžื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื ื•ืก ืฉืœ ืขื“ 10,000 ืฉืงืœ, ื•ืœื›ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื ื•ืก ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžึพ10,000 ืฉืงืœ. ืœืžื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ืก? ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžื”ืžืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ืžืืฉื™ืžื™ื ืืช ื™ื•ืงืจ ื”ืžื—ื™ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืขื•ื“ 20% ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ืก ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืœื ื ื‘ื•ื ื”. ืžื™ื”ื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ืฉืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืฆื‘ื? ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืขื•ืžืง ืฉืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืจืื” ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื ืฉื™ื (24%) ืžืืฉืจ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื (15%), ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ืชื™ื™ื (33%) ืžื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ื™ื (21%), ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ (38%) ืžืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื (16%) ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช (28%) ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช (12%). 46% ืžื”ื ืกืงืจื™ื ืขื ื• ื›ื™ ื”ื ืœื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ืฆืื• ื”ืฉื ื” ืžื”ืžื™ื ื•ืก. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืืœื ื• ื”ืื ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืก ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืขื ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื•ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœื”ื. 47% ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื›ืŸ, ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช. ืœืคื™ 51% ืžื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืก ืžืžืฉ ืœื ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื. ื ื•, ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืคื˜ื ื˜ ืื—ืจ. ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ืฉื›ื™ื—ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืœืงื™ื—ืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื”ื™ื ืกื’ื™ืจืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืก: ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœืงื—ื• ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ืขืฉื• ื–ืืช ืœืžื˜ืจื” ื–ื•. ืœื›ืื•ืจื”, ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืฆืจื›ื ื™ืช ื ื‘ื•ื ื”, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื”ื ื™ืฉืœืžื• ืขืœ ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ืžื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื”ื ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืก. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื›ืžื• ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืคืขืžื•ื ื™ื, ืฉืžืขื ื™ืง ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ื‘ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืœืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืฉื ืงืœืขื• ืœืžืฆื•ืงื” ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ืช, ืžืขื™ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื›ื–ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ืก. ื–ืืช ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ืžืขื ื™ืงื” ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืขื•ืฉืจ ืžื–ื•ื™ืคืช ืœืื•ืชืŸ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช, ื•ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื”ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืขื“ ืžื”ืจื” ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืžื™ื ื•ืก, ืจืง ืฉื”ืคืขื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ื’ื ื”ืœื•ื•ืื”. ื›ึพ11% ืžื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืงื—ื• ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื”. ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื‘ื ื™ 55โ€“64 ื”ื ืชื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืžื–ื ืง ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืžึพ20%, ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœืงื ื•ืช ื“ื™ืจื”. ื‘ื ืง ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื ื•ืก, ื•ืœื›ืžื” ืžื”ื ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื’ื ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ืžืกื•ื’ ื ื•ืกืฃ. ืœืคื™ ืกืงืจ "ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืกื˜", ืœืจื‘ืข ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ืก ื™ืฉ ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื ื•ืกืคืช, ืฉืื™ื ื” ืžืฉื›ื ืชื, ืžืื—ื“ ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ืื—ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืžืง ืžืขื™ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืกื‘ื™ืจ - ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœืงื—ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ืื—ืช ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ืฉืœ 10โ€“30 ืืœืฃ ืฉืงืœ. ืื‘ืœ 20% ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืฉืชื›ืจื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžึพ9,000 ืฉืงืœ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืœืงื—ื• ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื•ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžึพ100 ืืœืฃ ืฉืงืœ, ื•ื”ื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืžืื•ื“. ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ื”ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื”ืคืจืฉ ื ื™ื›ืจ. 80% ืžื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ื‘ืกืงืจ ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื• ืฉื”ื ืœืงื—ื• ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ืžื”ื‘ื ืง ืฉืœื”ื ืื• ืžื–ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ ืื• ื‘ืช ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืฉืœื”ื. ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืฉื ื™ ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ื”ืžืชื—ืจื™ื: 16% ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื• ืฉืœืงื—ื• ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ืžื‘ื ืง ืื—ืจ, ื–ืืช ืืฃ ืฉื”ื ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืžื—ืœืงื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืื– ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ื”ื ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืœืžืชืŸ ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืœื ื™ื•ืื ืก ื—ืฉื•ื‘: ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืฉื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ืžื”ื‘ื ืง ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื”ื‘ื ืง ืฉืœื”ื. ืจืง 16% ืœืงื—ื• ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ืžื‘ื ืง ืื—ืจ, ืžื” ืฉืžืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ื–ื”. ืœื›ืื•ืจื”, ื‘ื ืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืื˜ืจืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœืคืชื•ืช ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช. ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื”ืคืš. ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ ื”ืืฉืจืื™ (14.7%), ื–ืืช ืืฃ ืฉื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ืฉื”ืŸ ื ื•ืชื ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ (ื›ึพ9%โ€“10% ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขื•ืžืช ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ 5%โ€“6% ื‘ื‘ื ืงื™ื). ืกื›ื•ื ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ ืืฉืจืื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ึพ30 ืืœืฃ ืฉืงืœ, ื›ืš ืœืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืกืงืจ. ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ (100 ืืœืฃ ืฉืงืœ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ) ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืคื ืกื™ื”, ืฉื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ื‘ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืœืคื ืกื™ื” ืœืžืงืจื” ืฉื”ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ืœื ื™ื—ื–ื™ืจื• ืื•ืชืŸ. ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉื—ืกื›ื• ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืกืฃ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืœื•ื•ืช ืกื›ื•ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ (ื•ืื’ื‘, ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื™ื—ืกื™ืช - 1%โ€“3% ื‘ืœื‘ื“). ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืฉืœืงื—ื• ืืช ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืขืฉื• ื–ืืช ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืœืงื—ืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื•ืœืงื ื•ืช ื“ื™ืจื”.
ื›ืœ ื”ืกืงืจื™ื, ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืžื’ืžื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื•ื—ื“ ืžืฉืžืขื™ืช: ื’ื“ืขื•ืŸ ืกืขืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื”ื‘ื ืฉืœ ืžืคืœื’ืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“. ืžืชื—ืจื™ื• ื”ืžื•ืฆื”ืจื™ื, ื™ื•ืœื™ ืื“ืœืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืฅ ืžื“ื“ื™ื ื”ืจื—ืง ื”ืจื—ืง ืžืื—ื•ืจ ืœืœื ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ ืœืจืฉืช ืืช ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืื ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื’ื™ืข ื”ืจื’ืข. ืœื›ืŸ, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช: ืกืขืจ ื”ื•ื ืฉืžืจืŸ, ื™ืžื ื™ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืขื ืื•ืจื™ื™ื ื˜ืฆื™ื” ื“ืชื™ืช ืคืจื• ื—ื•ืžื™ื™ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ืกืžื•ื™ื”. ื›ืฉืจ ืคื ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื–ืžื ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืกื’ื•ืจ ืืช ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื•ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื” ืœื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืจืง ื‘ืกื•ืคื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื•ื‘ื—ื’ื™ื. ื”ื•ื ืื ื˜ื™ ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ ืžื•ื‘ื”ืง, ืฉื•ื ื ืขืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืžื—ืจื—ืจ ืžืœื—ืžื” ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ. ื‘ืกืงืจื™ื ื’ืœื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื ื™ืงื™ื ื‘-500% ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงื•ืœื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืœื™ ืื“ืœืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ. ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืžื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ. ื”ื•ื ื–ื ื™ื— ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืขื ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ 1% ืฉืœ ืชืžื™ื›ื”. ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ื™ื ื—ืžื•ืจื”: ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ืงื™ืกืจื™ื” ืื• ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื• ืขื•ื“ ื™ืชื’ืขื’ืข ืœื‘ื™ื‘ื™ ืฉื›ื ืจืื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืคืื™ื ื™ืง ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืคืจื’ืžื˜ื™ืกื˜ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉื™ื“ืข ืœื”ืœืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืช ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื”ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื•ืฉืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื• ื”ืžื˜ื•ืจืœืœืช ืœื ื”ื•ืจื™ื“ื• ืื•ืชื• ืžื“ืจืš ื”ืžืœืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืฆืžื• ืกืœืœ ื‘ืขืžืœ ืจื‘ ื•ืžืžื•ืฉืš. ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื™ื‘ื•ื ืื—ืจื™ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื• ืžื”ืžื—ื ื” ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ื ืื• ื—ื•ืžื™ื™ื ื™ืกื˜ ื—ืฉื•ืš ื‘ื”ืฉืงืคืชื• ืื• ืคื•ื˜ื™ื ื™ืกื˜ ื“ื™ืงื˜ื˜ื•ืจื™ ื‘ืžืื•ื•ื™ื™ื• ื”ืกืžื•ื™ื™ื. ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื–ื• ื”ืชืงื•ื•ื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืง ื ื™ืจ ื‘ืจืงืช, ืจืืฉ ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืœืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช ื•ื›ื ืจืื” ื™ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขืœ ืจืืฉื•ืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“. ืฉืจื™ืช ื—ื“ื“ ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉืจื” ืœื• ืืžืฉ ืดืืชื” ืชื•ืชื—ืด ืื‘ืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ืขื•ื“ ืืจื•ื›ื” ื•ืžืคื•ืชืœืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื•. ื‘ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ: ืืœ ืชืฆืคื• ืœื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ ืžื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ืฉืื—ืจื™ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•. ื•ืื’ื‘ ื‘ืกืงืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืฉื”ื–ื›ืจื ื• ืขื ืกืขืจ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ืžืื‘ื“ ืžื ื“ื˜ื™ื ื•ืžืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ ืจืง ืขืœ 26. ืขื ื‘ื™ื‘ื™, ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ื“ ื ืฉืืจ ืขืœ ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-30 ืžื ื“ื˜ื™ื. ืื’ื‘, ื‘ืกืงืจื™ื ื”ืกืžื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ื‘ื ื™ ื’ื ืฅ ืžื–ื ืง ื•ืžืชื—ื–ืง. ืชื•ื“ืขืชื™ืช ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ื‘ื ืœื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืžื” ื™ืฆืœื™ื— ื‘ื™ื‘ื™ ืœื”ืฉื”ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ.
ืื•: ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืžืงืœืœ- ืžื” ื‘ืขืฆื ืงืจื” ืฉื? ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืืช ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืžืงืœืœ, ื•ืืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืขื•ื ืฉื• ื”ื›ื‘ื“, ืื™ื ื ื• ืฉื•ืืœื™ื: ืžื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืงืจื” ืฉื? ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ืงื™ืœืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื? ืžื” ื’ืจื ืœื• "ืœืฆืืช ืžื”ื›ืœื™ื"? ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ืขืฆืžื•, ื ืกืชืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžืขื™ื ื™ื ื•. "ื•ึทื™ึตึผืฆึตื ื‘ึถึผืŸ ืึดืฉึธึผืื” ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึฐืึตืœึดื™ืช ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ื‘ึถึผืŸ ืึดื™ืฉื ืžึดืฆึฐืจึดื™ ื‘ึฐึผืชื•ึนืšึฐ ื‘ึฐึผื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึทื™ึดึผื ึธึผืฆื•ึผ ื‘ึทึผืžึทึผื—ึฒื ึถื” ื‘ึถึผืŸ ื”ึทื™ึดึผืฉึฐื‚ืจึฐืึตืœึดื™ืช ื•ึฐืึดื™ืฉื ื”ึทื™ึดึผืฉึฐื‚ืจึฐืึตืœึดื™. ื•ึทื™ึดึผืงึนึผื‘ ื‘ึถึผืŸ ื”ึธืึดืฉึธึผืื” ื”ึทื™ึดึผืฉึฐื‚ืจึฐืึตืœึดื™ืช ืึถืช ื”ึทืฉึตึผืื, ื•ึทื™ึฐืงึทืœึตึผืœ, ื•ึทื™ึธึผื‘ึดื™ืื•ึผ ืึนืชื•ึน ืึถืœ-ืžึนืฉึถืื”. ื•ึฐืฉึตืื ืึดืžึผื•ึน ืฉึฐืืœึนืžึดื™ืช ื‘ึทึผืช-ื“ึดึผื‘ึฐืจึดื™ ืœึฐืžึทื˜ึตึผื”-ื“ึธืŸ. ื•ึทื™ึทึผื ึดึผื™ื—ึปื”ื•ึผ ื‘ึทึผืžึดึผืฉึฐืืžึธืจ ืœึดืคึฐืจึนืฉื ืœึธื”ึถื, ืขึทืœ-ืคึดึผื™ ื”'". ืžื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื”? ืžื“ื•ืข "ื•ื™ื ืฆื•"? ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื”ืกืชื™ืจ ื–ืืช ืžืื™ืชื ื•. ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืืžื™ืจื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื”, ืœื›ืืŸ ื ื›ื ืก ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ. ืจืฉ"ื™ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืื—ืช, ื•ืฉื“"ืœ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ. ืจืฉ"ื™ (ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ) ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืืœื™ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ืฉื™ื’ื“ื™ืœื• ืืช ื’ื ื•ืชื•: ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืžืฆืจื™- ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ืฉื”ืจื’ื• ืžืฉื”. ื‘ืชื•ืš ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ- ืžืœืžื“ ืฉื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืจ. ื•ื™ืฆื- ืžื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื™ืฆื? ืžื”ืคืจืฉื” ืฉืœืžืขืœื” ื™ืฆื, ืœื’ืœื’ ื•ืืžืจโ€ฆ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืงืฆืช ืืช "ื•ื™ืงื— ืงืจื—", ืฉื’ื ืืœื™ื• ื—ื™ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืืช ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช (ืคืจืฉืช ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช), ื•ื”ื™ืจื‘ื” ื’ื ื•ืชื•. ื•ื›ืš ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืืœ ืื™ืžื• ื›ืืœ ื–ื•ื ื”, ืคื˜ืคื˜ื ื™ืช (ื‘ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™- ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจืช ื”ืจื‘ื”) "ื•ืœืคื™ ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจื” ืขื ื›ืœ ืื“ื, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืงืœืงืœื”". ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื“ื ืฉื’ื“ืœ ืœืœื ืื‘ื, ื•ืืฉืจ ืื”ื‘ ืœืœื’ืœื’ ืขืœ ืžื ื”ื’ื™ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื’ื™ื“ืฃ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื”ื›ื”ื•, ื•ืฉืืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื• ืœืขื–ืจ ืœืื™ืฉ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™. ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ื—ืžื•ืจ ื“ื™ื• ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœื™ืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข. ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ, ืฉื“"ืœ ืžื ืกื” ืœืชืืจ ืื™ืจื•ืข ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืžื”ืžืชื•ืืจ ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ. ืฉื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื”ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ืจื™ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืฉื ื™- ืื™ืžื• ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืืš ืื‘ื™ื• ืžืฆืจื™. ื”ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืจื™ื‘ื” ืžืฆื˜ืจืคื™ื ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœืื—ื“, ื•ืื– ื”ืฉื ื™ ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื›ืœื™ื•, ื•ื‘ืขื™ื“ื ื ื“ืจื™ืชื—ื, ืžืงืœืœ ืืช ื”'. ื•ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื ืฉืืœืช ื”ื™ื: ื‘ื ื™ื—ื•ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ื•ืชื•ืฆืื•ืชื™ื•, ืžื™ ืฆื•ื“ืง? ืื• ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ: ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื’ื™ืข ืฉื“ืœ ืœืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ื–ื•? ื”ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื‘ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืจืžื– ืœืขืžื“ืชื•? ื•ึฐืึดื™ืฉื ื›ึดึผื™ ื™ึทื›ึถึผื” ื›ึธึผืœ ื ึถืคึถืฉื ืึธื“ึธื, ืžื•ึนืช ื™ื•ึผืžึธืช. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืื™ืฉ, ื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ, ืืฉืจ ื™ื›ื” ื›ืœ ื ืคืฉ ืื“ื. ื•ืœื ืจืง ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™. ื•ืฉื“"ืœ ืื•ืžืจ: ืืคื™ืœื• ื’ืจ. "ืžึดืฉึฐืืคึทึผื˜ ืึถื—ึธื“ ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืœึธื›ึถื, ื›ึทึผื’ึตึผืจ ื›ึธึผืึถื–ึฐืจึธื— ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื”, ื›ึดึผื™ ืึฒื ึดื™ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื›ึถื". ืืžื•ืจ ืžืขืชื”: ืื™ืŸ ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืงืœืœ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืฆื ืฉืœื•, ืืœื ืืš ื•ืจืง ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืขืฉื” ืฉืขืฉื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื ืฉื•! ื“ื•ืžื”, ืฉื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืงืฆืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืฉื“"ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ืชืคื™ืฉืชื• ื”ืืžื•ื ื™ืช, ืขืœ ื”ื—ืžืœื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื ื‘ืจื ื‘ืฆืœื. ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ื”' ืœึทื›ึนึผืœ, ื•ึฐืจึทื—ึฒืžึธื™ื• ืขึทืœ ื›ึธึผืœ ืžึทืขึฒืฉึธื‚ื™ื•. ื˜ืขืžื™ ื”ืžืงืจื, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื”ื ื™ืงื•ื“, ื”ื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืœืชื•ืจื”. ื”ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื, ื•ื”ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื. ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื—ื•ื“ืฉื• ื‘ืžืื” ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช, ื•ืฉื™ืžืฉื• ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืœืžื™ืœื” (ืข"ื™ ื”ื ื™ืงื•ื“) ื•ืœืคืกื•ืง (ืข"ื™ ื˜ืขืžื™ ื”ืžืงืจื). ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืžืื” ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช? ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื–ืืช ืคืจื•ืค' ื™ืขืงื‘ ื–ื•ืกืžืŸ, ืฉืขื“ ื”ืžืื” ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ืชื•ืจื ื™ ืคืจื˜ ืœืชื "ืš ืฉื’ื•ืจ ื‘ืขืœ ืคื” (!): ื”ืžืฉื ื”, ื•ื”ื’ืžืจื, ื•ื”ืชื•ืกืคืชื, ื•ื’ื ื”ืชืจื’ื•ืžื™ื. ื•ื’ื ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขืฆืžื”, ืืฃ ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ื”, ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืคื•ืกืงืช ื•ืžื ื•ืงื“ืช, ืืœื ืจืง ืœืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ืคืชื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ืกืชื•ืžื•ืช, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ืœืžื“ ื‘ืขืœ ืคื”. ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘: ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืชื ื— ื›ืš- "ื“ื‘ืจ ืืœ ืื”ืจืŸโ€ฆ ื•ืœื ื™ืžื•ืช[ืืชื ื—] ื›ื™ ื‘ืขื ืŸ ืืจืื” ืขืœ ื”ื›ืคื•ืจืช". ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ืคืชืขื”! ื”ืืชื ื— ืžื•ืคื™ืข "ืžื‘ื™ืช ืœืคืจื•ื›ืช", ื•ืžื—ืœืง ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืœื ืกื‘ื™ืจื”. ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื“ืขืช ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื˜ืขืžื™ื 'ืžื‘ื™ืช ืœืคืจื›ืช' ื‘ืื–ื”ืจื”, 'ืืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ื›ืคืจืช' ื‘ืžื™ืชื”. ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืขื•ื“ ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ: ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืืจื•ืŸ ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ืคืจืช ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื‘ื™ืช ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืงื“ืฉื™ื, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืจืื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœื—ืœืง ืžืืžืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื™ ืžืืžืจื•ืช, 'ื•ืืœ ื™ื‘ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ืืœ ื”ืงื“ืฉ ืžื‘ื™ืช ืœืคืจื›ืช' (ืืฃ ืื ืื™ืŸ ืฉื ืืจื•ืŸ ื•ื›ืคืจืช ืืกื•ืจ ืœื‘ื•ื ืฉื, ื•ืืžื ื) 'ืืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ื›ืคืจืช ืืฉืจ ืขืœ ื”ืึนืจืŸ' (ืืœ ื™ื‘ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช) ื•ืœื ื™ืžื•ืช, ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืืจื•ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืžื™ืชื”, ื•ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืืจื•ืŸ ืžื™ืชื” ืœื™ื›ื, ืื–ื”ืจื” ืžื™ื”ื ืื™ื›ื. ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื˜ืขืžื™ื (ืฉื”ื™ื• ืื—ืจื™ ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“) ืฆื™ื™ื ื• ื”ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืžืงื•ื‘ืœืช ื‘ืขืœ ืคื” ืžื—ื›ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื ื™. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ: ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืืจื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื• ืฉื‘ืจื™ ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช, ื•ืฆื ืฆื ืช ื”ืžืŸ ื•ืขื•ื“. ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืงื“ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื•ืžื•ื‘ื ืช. ื•ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืขื•ื ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืชื” ืขืœ ื”ื ื›ื ืก ืžื‘ื™ืช ืœืคืจื•ื›ืช, ื›ืžื• ืฉืงืจื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื›ืš ืงืจื‘ ื’ื ืœืขื•ื–ื (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘' ื•'), ืฉืื—ื–ื‘ืืจื•ืŸ ืฉื ืฉืžื˜ ืžื”ื‘ืงืจ, "ื•ึทื™ึดึผื—ึทืจ ืึทืฃ ื”' ื‘ึฐึผืขึปื–ึธึผื”, ื•ึทื™ึทึผื›ึตึผื”ื•ึผ ืฉึธืื ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืฉึทึผืืœ, ื•ึทื™ึธึผืžึธืช ืฉึธืื, ืขึดื ืึฒืจื•ึนืŸ ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื". ื›ืš ื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ื—ื–"ืœ ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื–ื–ืช ื”ืืชื ื—, ื›ื™ "ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืืจื•ืŸ, ืืžื ื ืžื™ืชื” ืœื™ื›ื, ืื–ื”ืจื” ืžื™ื”ื ืื™ื›ื". ื›ืœื•ืžืจ: ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืืจื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื• ืฉื‘ืจื™ ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช, ื•ืฆื ืฆื ืช ื”ืžืŸ ื•ืขื•ื“. ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืงื“ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื•ืžื•ื‘ื ืช. ื•ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืขื•ื ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืชื” ืขืœ ื”ื ื›ื ืก ืžื‘ื™ืช ืœืคืจื•ื›ืช, ื›ืžื• ืฉืงืจื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื›ืš ืงืจื‘ ื’ื ืœืขื•ื–ื (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘' ื•'), ืฉืื—ื– ื‘ืืจื•ืŸ ืฉื ืฉืžื˜ ืžื”ื‘ืงืจ, "ื•ึทื™ึดึผื—ึทืจ ืึทืฃ ื”' ื‘ึฐึผืขึปื–ึธึผื”, ื•ึทื™ึทึผื›ึตึผื”ื•ึผ ืฉึธืื ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืฉึทึผืืœ, ื•ึทื™ึธึผืžึธืช ืฉึธืื, ืขึดื ืึฒืจื•ึนืŸ ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื". ื ื™ื›ืจ ื”ืžืืžืฅ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉืงื™ืข, ื’ื ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ืœื”ื, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืงืจื‘ ืœืœื™ื‘ื ืืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื•ื”ื˜ื”ืจื”. ื•ื ื‘ื™ื ืจืง ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืื—ืช ืœื›ืš. ื•ื”ื ื” ืื™ืŸ ืœืชืžื•ื” ืื™ืš ื”ืคืจื” ืžื˜ื”ืจืช ื”ื˜ืžืื™ื, ื•ืžื˜ืžืืช ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื™ื, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื—ืžื•ืจื”, ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืื” ื˜ื•ืžืื” ืงืœื”. ืžืฉืœ ืœืžื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื“ื•ืžื”, ืœึดื›ืœึดื™ ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ืฉืžืžืจืงื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ื—ื•ืœ, ื•ื”ืžื™ืจื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ื ืžืขื‘ื™ืจ ืžืขืœื™ื• ืžื” ืฉืœื ืชืกืคื™ืง ื”ื”ื“ื—ื” ื‘ืžื™ื ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืžืขืœื™ื•; ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื“ื™ื—ื• ื‘ืžื™ื ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืžืขืœื™ื• ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ื•.. ื•ื’ื ื”ืžืžืจืง ืื•ืชื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉื˜ื•ืฃ ื™ื“ื™ื•, ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืžื” ืฉื ื“ื‘ืงื” ื‘ื”ืŸ. ื›ืš ืืคืจ ื”ืคืจื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืžื™ืจื•ืง ื—ื–ืง ื•ืžืขื‘ื™ืจ ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื”ื—ืžื•ืจื”, ื•ืื—ืจ ื”ืžื™ืจื•ืง ืฆืจื™ืš ืขื•ื“ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื’ื ืœืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืžื™ ื”ื ื“ื” ื•ื’ื ืœืžื™ ืฉื”ื–ื• ืขืœื™ื•. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ: ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžืจืง ืืช ื”ื›ืœื™ ื‘ื—ื•ืœ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืžืžื ื• ืืช ื”ืชื—ืžื•ืฆืช, ื•ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืจืง. ื•ืื•ืœื ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ื–ื• ืžืชืžืœืื•ืช ื™ื“ื™ื• ื‘ื—ื•ืœ, ืื•ืชื• ื™ืฉ ืœืฉื˜ื•ืฃ ื‘ืžื™ื. ื›ืš ื’ื ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ืžื–ื” ืขืœ ื”ื˜ืžื, ื ื˜ืžื ืืฃ ื”ื•ื, ืืš ื˜ื•ืžืืชื• ื”ื™ื ืงืœื”. 'ื•ืขืฉื” ื‘ืฆืœืืœ'- ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื”ื‘ ื’ืจ ืขืžื•ื“ 81. ืžื” ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื”? ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ืฉื‘ื• ื ืชืงืœ ืฉื“"ืœ? ื•ืžื” ืคืชืจื•ื ื•? ื•ืžื” ื”ื•ื (ืื• ืžื™ ื”ื•ื) 'ืื•ื”ื‘ ื’ืจ'? ื›ืืŸ, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ืžื” ืžื™ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืกืคืจ 'ืื•ื”ื‘ ื’ืจ', ืฉืื•ืชื• ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื“"ืœ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ (28) ื‘ืขื•ื“ื• ื‘ื˜ืจื™ืืกื˜ื”, ื•ืกื™ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืคื“ื•ื‘ื”, ืฉื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ. ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืกืคืจ ื›ืชื•ื‘: 'ืžืืžืจ ืžื—ืงืจื™ ืขืœ ืชืจื’ื•ื ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก ื”ื’ืจ, ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืฉืœื•ื, ืขื ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื“ืจื›ื™ื• ื•ื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ืžื•'. ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคืจ ื‘ืœื˜ื™ื ื™ืช- philoxenus, ื•ืœื‘ื ื• ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืฉื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืฉื ื” ืงืจื ืฉื“"ืœ ืื•ื”ื‘ ื’ืจ, ืขืœ ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉืขืœ ื”ื•ืฆืืชื• ืฉืงื“ ื‘ืื•ืชื ื”ื™ืžื™ื. ืขื™ืงืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคืจ, ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœ- 500 ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื ื•ืกื— ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ืื™ื ื ื• ื”ื ื•ืกื— ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ื–ืืช- ื‘ื”ืกืชืžืš ืขืœ ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื™ื“ ืขืชื™ืงื™ื ืฉืžืฆื. ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืงื“ ืขืœ ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉืช ืœืื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืืจื™ืš, ืžื™ ื”ื™ื” ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก, ืžืชื™ ื—ื™, ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื–ื›ื” ืœืžืขืžื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืชืจื’ื ื‘ื”"ื ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื”. ื ืฉื•ื‘ ืืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืฉืœืคื ื™ื ื•: ื”ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืขื‘ืจ ืื• ืขืœ ืขืชื™ื“? ื•ื›ืืŸ, ืื ื™ ืžืชื ืฆืœ ืžืจืืฉ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ืืœื” ืฉ"ืกื•ื’ืจื™ื ืชืจื™ืกื™ื" ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื“ืงื“ื•ืงื™ืช/ ืชื—ื‘ื™ืจื™ืช. ื”ืจื™ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืคืจืง (ืคืกื•ืง ื—') ื ืืžืจ 'ื•ึทื™ึทึผืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึผ ื›ึธืœ ื—ึฒื›ึทื ืœึตื‘ ื‘ึฐึผืขึนืฉึตื‚ื™ ื”ึทืžึฐึผืœึธืื›ึธื” ืึถืช ื”ึทืžึดึผืฉึฐืื›ึธึผืŸ'. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ื•ึทื™ึทึผืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึผ ื‘ื•"ื• ื”ื”ื™ืคื•ืš, ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” ืฉื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช- ื‘ื•ืฆืขื”! ื”ืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก, ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ืฉื“"ืœ: ื•ืขืฉื” ื‘ืฆืœืืœ, ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ื™ื” ืœืชืจื’ื 'ื•ึฐื™ึทืขึฒื‘ึดื™ื“'. ื•ืื ื›ืš, ืžื“ื•ืข ืชืจื’ื ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก 'ื•ึฐืขึฒื‘ึทื“'? 'ื•ืขืฉื” ื‘ืฆืœืืœ ื•ืื”ืœื™ืื‘'- ื•ืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืฆืœืืœ, ื•ื–ื” ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืขืฆื•ื. ื›ื™ ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื”ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ื”ืžืฉืš ืžืืžืจ ืžืฉื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ 'ืจืื• ืงืจื ื”' ื‘ืฉื ื‘ืฆืœืืœ..', ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ 'ื•ื™ืงืจื ืžืฉื” ืืœ ื‘ืฆืœืืœ', ื•ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื™ืงืจืื•ื”ื•, ืื™ืš ื™ึตืืžืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืฉืขืฉื”'? ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžื ื•ืก ืžืœื”ื’ื™ื” ื•ื™ืขื‘ื™ื“ ื‘ืฆืœืืœ'. ื•ืฉื“"ืœ ืžืกื™ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืชืžื™ื“, ื‘ื”ื‘ืืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืื•ืžืจื•: 'ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ืขื™ืจื ื™ ืขืœื™ื• ื™ื“ื™ื“ื™, ื”ื—ื›ื ื•ื”ื ื‘ื•ืŸ ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ื•ืื”ืจืžืืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืคืขืกื˜, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจ ืคื” ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืชืฉืจื™ ืฉืขื‘ืจ'. ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ื ื•ืกื—ืื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก. ื‘ื“ืงืชื™ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืŸ, ื•ืื›ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ืชืจื’ื•ื ื”ื•ื ื•ึฐืขึฒื‘ื“. ืืš ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืฉืชื™ืงื ื• ืœ-ื•ึฐื™ึทืขึฒื‘ื™ื“. ื•ื‘ืฉื•ืœื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ืขื™ืจ ืฉื‘ื—ืœื•ืงื” (ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ืช) ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืคืจืงื™ื, ื˜ืขื” ื’ื ื”ืžื—ืœืง, ื•ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ืคืจืง ืœ"ื• ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ืฉื”ื™ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข, ื•ืคืชื— ื‘ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืืช ื—ืœืง ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืขืฆืžื•. ืคืจืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืงืจื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช, ื”ืชืงืฉื• ืžืื“ ื‘ืฉืืœื”- ืžื” ื”ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”? ืžื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ? ื”ืื ืืœื” ืขืฉืจืช ื”ื“ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช, ื—ืžืฉ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืœื•ื—, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืžื“ืจืฉื™ื, ื•ืืฉืจ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืžื”ืคืกืœื™ื ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”? ื•ืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ืฉืืœื” ืฉื•ืœื™ืช ืืœื ืฉืืœื” ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืžืื“: "ืžืฉื” ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืกื™ื ื™" (ืื‘ื•ืช ื' ื')- ื”ืื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื”? ื”ืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœื—ืงื•ืง ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืื‘ืŸ? ื”ืื ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื ื•ืฆืจืช ืื‘ืŸ ื›ื‘ื“ื” ืžื™ื“ื™ ืœื ืฉื™ืื”? ื”ืื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืžืฉื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืกื™ื ื™? ื’ื ืืช ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืฉืžืฉื” ืืžืจ ืื•ืชื• "ืืœ ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ"? 'ื•ื™ื“ื‘ืจ ื”' ืืœ ืžืฉื” ื‘ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™', ืžื” ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™, ื•ื”ืœื ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื” ื ืืžืจื” ืžืกื™ื ื™? ืืœื ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืš ืžื” ืฉืžื™ื˜ื” ื ืืžืจื” ื‘ื›ืœืœื™ื” ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ื” ื•ื“ืงื“ื•ืงื™ื” ืžืกื™ื ื™, ืืฃ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื ืืžืจื• ื›ืœืœื™ื”ืŸ ื•ืคืจื˜ื™ื”ืŸ ื•ื“ืงื“ื•ืงื™ื”ืŸ ืžืกื™ื ื™. ื•ืื ื• ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœืฉืืœื”: ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืžืฉื” ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”? ื”ืื ื—ืงื•ืงื” ืขืœ ืื‘ืŸ, ืื• ืฉืžื ื‘ืขืœ ืคื”? ื•ื›ื•ืœืœ ื’ื ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื ืืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืจืง ื›ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ? ืฉื“"ืœ ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ื•, ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืœืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื. ืจืื‘"ืข ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื ืฉ"ืื ืชื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื•ื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืขืฉืจ ืชื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืกื•ื“". ืฉื“"ืœ ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ืฉืฆืฃ ืงืฆืฃ ื ื’ื“ ืฉืคื™ื ื•ื–ื”, ื”ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ื›ื™ "ืกื•ื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืขืฉืจ" ื”ื•ื ื”ืกื•ื“ ืฉืœ 12 ื”ืื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘ืžืขื‘ืจ ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืžื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืœืฉื ื™ื ืขืฉืจ ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ืœืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื–ื•, ืืš ืขืžื“ืชื• ืฉืœ ืฉื“"ืœ ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ื—ืจื™ืคื™ื ืžืขื™ื“ื™ื ืœืœื ืกืคืง ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืงื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืฉื“"ืœ ื‘"ืชื•ืจื” ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื". ืืš ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืฉืืœื” ืžื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช, ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื: ื‘ืื™ืœื• ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช! ื•ื™ืคืŸ ื•ื™ืจื“ ืžืฉื” ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืจ ื•ืฉื ื™ ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืขื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื“ื•, ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืฉื ื™ ืขื‘ืจื™ื”ื, ืžื–ื” ื•ืžื–ื” ื”ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื. ืจืฉ"ื™ ืžืฆื˜ื˜ ืืช ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ืฉื‘ืช (ืง"ื“), ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื 'ืžืฉื ื™ ืขื‘ืจื™ื”ื'- ื”ื™ื• ื ืงืจืื•ืช, ื•ืžืขืฉื” ื ื™ืกื™ื ื”ื•ื. ื•ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื ืก? ืฉื’ื ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืกื’ื•ืจื•ืช, ื›ืžื•- ืœืžืฉืœ- ืž"ื ืกื•ืคื™ืช, ืฉื ื—ืจืชื• ืžืฆื“ ืœืฆื“, ืœื ื ืฉืจื• ืืœื ื ื•ืชืจื• ื‘ืžืงื•ืžืŸ. ื”ืžืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื’ืžืจื, ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืื™ื–ื” ืžืขืฉื” ื ื™ืกื™ื ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืจืฉ"ื™: ื“ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ื—ืกื“ื: ืž"ื ื•ืกืž"ืš ืฉื‘ืœื•ื—ื•ืช- ื‘ื ืก ื”ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื. ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื ืจืฉ"ื™: ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื™ื” ื ืจืื” ืžืฉื ื™ ืขื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืœื™ืคื•ืœ. ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช- ืื ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื—ืจื•ื˜ื™ื ืžืฆื“ ืœืฆื“, ืื•ืช ืกืชื•ืžื” ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื‘ืื•ื™ืจ. ืฉื”ืจื™ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืชืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืื•ืช ืกืž"ืš, ืื ื”ื™ื ื—ืจื•ื˜ื” ื‘ืื‘ืŸ ืžืฆื“ ืœืฆื“?? ืื‘ืœ: ื”ืจื™ ื›ื™ื•ื ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื›ืœ ืืจื›ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ื™ืชื ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืขื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืชื™ืงื•ืช! ื•ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื›ื™ื•ื ืกืคืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ("ืืฉื•ืจื™ื•ืช"), ื”ื•ื‘ืื• (ื›ื ืจืื”) ืข"ื™ ืขื•ืœื™ ื‘ื‘ืœ ืžืืฉื•ืจ. ื”ืื•ืช ืž"ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืขืชื™ืงื” ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืื•ืช ืกืž"ืš ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ืขืชื™ืงื” ืœื ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ืœื™ืคื•ืœ, ืืœื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ืื•ืช ืขื™"ืŸ ืฉืฆื•ืจืชื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืกืž"ืš ืฉืœื ื•. ื•ืื›ืŸ, ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื‘ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื“ืข"ืฅ (ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ืขืชื™ืงื”), ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ืขื™"ืŸ ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ื ืก! ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื. ืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื. ืืš ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช- ืื ื• ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช. ืขืฉืจืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื•ืช, ืฉื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืคืจืฉืชื ื•, ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืืช ืฉื“"ืœ ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ืžืื“ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•. ื•ืœื ืจืง ื”ืื•ืจืš ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ื›ืืŸ, ืืœื ื’ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ื ื•ืกื—. ืฉื“"ืœ ืฉื™ื ื” ื“ืขืชื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืขืœ ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ืžืขืฉืจืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื•ืช. ื—ืœืงื ื ืžื—ืง ื›ื‘ืจ ืข"ื™ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืคืืจื“ื•, ืฉืžื—ืง ืืช ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื™ื—"ืฃ ืื—ื™ื•, ื•ื—ืœืงื ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื’ื™ืฉืชื• ื”ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ืช ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืชื•ืš ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ืฉืœ ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ืžืกืžืœืช ื’ื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉื—ืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”- 19. ืึทืชึธึผื” ื•ึผื‘ึดื ึฐืšึธ ื•ึผื‘ึดืชึถึผืšึธ- ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืœื ืกืคืง ื”ืื™ืฉ ื•ื”ืืฉื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื ืš ื•ื‘ืชืš, ื•ื‘ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื‘ื“ืš ื•ืืžืชืš; ื"ื› ื”ืืฉื” ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืื™ืฉ, ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ืขืฆืžื” ื›ืžื• ื‘ืขืœื”, ืฉืื ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืืฉื” ืžืฉื•ืขื‘ื“ืช ืœื‘ืขืœื” ื›ืฉืคื—ื”, ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืื™ืฉ ืขืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืชืชื”, ื›ื“ืจืš ืฉื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ึน ืขืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืชืช ื‘ื ื™ื• ื•ืขื‘ื“ื™ื•, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื™ื ื ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ืขืฆืžื. ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื–ื›ืจ, ื•ื’ื ื”ืืฉื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ. ื•ืจื–"ืœ ืคื˜ืจื• ืื•ืชื” ืžืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืฉื”ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืจืžื, ื ืจืื” ืฉื‘ื™ืžื™ื”ื ื ืฉืชื ื” ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ื›ื‘ื™ื“ื• ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืืช ืขื•ืœื ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ. ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืจื—ื™ืง ืœื›ืช ืžืื“: ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืœืืฉื” ืžืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืฉื”ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืจืžืŸ ืžืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืจืขื” ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื, ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื”ืงืœื”! ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ืš ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœ ื—ื–"ืœ, ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืื•ืชืŸ ืžื›ืœืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื. ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ืจืงืข ืœื’ื™ืฉืชื• ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืฉื“"ืœ ืœื ืฉื™ื, ืงืฉื•ืจ ื’ื ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื•: ืื™ืžื• ื ืคื˜ืจื” ื›ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ 13, ื•ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืš ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ืžืœืื›ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ื•ื’ื ืœื‘ืฉืœ.. ืœืขื–ืจืชื• ื‘ืื” ื‘ืช ื“ื•ื“ืชื•, ืจื—ืœ ืœื•ืฆืื˜ื•- ืžื•ืจืคื•ืจื’ื•, ืฉืžืžื ื” ืœืžื“ ื”ื›ืœ. ืืš ื”ืงื•ืจื ืืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœื”, ืจื•ืื” ืฉืืฃ ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืชืœืžื™ื“ืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ืžืฉื•ืจืจืช, ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœืคืจื•ืฅ ืœืžืจื›ื– ื”ื‘ืžื”, ืขื“ ืฉืœื”ื™ ื”ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ ืœื—ื™ื™ื”. ืคืจื•ืค' ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื” ืืช "ื”ืขื•ื’ื‘ ืฉื ืืœื", ืขืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื”: ื ื•ืœื“ื” ื‘ื˜ืจื™ืืกื˜ื”. ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจืช ืžืฉื“"ืœ ื‘ืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื. ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ 12 ืœืžื“ื” ืชื•ืจื” ืžืคื™ ื“ื•ื“ื™ื”, ื•ื‘ืช ืืจื‘ืข ืขืฉืจื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืžื“ื” ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™, ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื•"ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช" ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™. ืฉื“"ืœ ื”ืขืจื™ืš ืžืื“ ืืช ื—ื›ืžืชื”. ื”ืชื—ืชื ื” ืขืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืžื•ืจืคื•ืจื’ื• ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 29, ื•ื ืื‘ืงื” ืขืœ ืฉืขื•ืช ืœื›ืชื™ื‘ื”, ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืจื‘ื•ืช. ื›ืชื‘ื” ืืช ืฉื™ืจื™ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 18, ืืš ืคืจืกืžื” ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืืช ืฉื™ืจื™ื” ืจืง ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 57! ืฉื™ืจืชื” ื–ื›ืชื” ืœืžืŸ ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ืงื•ืจืื™ื. ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื— ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื‘ืฉื™ืจืชื” ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ืชื”. ืืžื•ื ื” ื–ื• ื”ื•ื‘ืขื” ื‘ืชื•ืงืฃ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ, "ืขืžืง ืขื›ื•ืจ", ืฉื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ืฉื ืชื” ื”ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืฉื‘ืข. ืœื–ื›ืจื” ืฉืœ ืจื—ืœ ืžื•ืจืคื•ืจื’ื•, ื•ืœื”ืฉืคืขืชื” ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ืฉืœ ืฉื“"ืœ ืœืคืกื•ืง ื–ื” ืžืขืฉืจืช ื”ื“ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช. ื•ืฉืืœื” ื•ื’ื•': ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืžืขืฉื” ืชื—ื‘ื•ืœื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื ืœื ืืžืจื• ืœื”ื ืฉืœื ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืขื•ื“, ืืœื ืœืœื›ืช ื“ืจืš ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืœืฉื•ื‘; ื’ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืืœื” ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ.. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืจืฉื‘"ื ("ื•ืฉืืœื”- ื‘ืžืชื ื” ื’ืžื•ืจื”") ื•ืฉืœ ื”ืจืžื‘ืž"ืŸ ("ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืžืžืฉืžืขื•"), ื•ืขื•ื“ ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืžื‘ื ื™ ืขืžื ื• ื•ื‘ื ื™ ืขืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ืžืกื•ื’ ืื—ืจ: ื”ืื ืžืฉื” ืืžืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืœื™ื‘ื•, ืื• ื‘ื”ื•ืจืืช ื”'. ื•ื”ืื™ืฉ Cahen ื›ืชื‘ [ื•ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ืืจื•ืš ื‘ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช, ืฉืขื™ืงืจื•- ืœื ืžืฉื” ื”ื ื—ื” ืืช ื”ืขื, ื•ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืœื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ืืœื ื”ื, ืžื“ืขืชื, ืจืฆื• ืœื”ื™ืคืจืข ืžื ื•ื’ืฉื™ื”ื]. ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืžืœื‘ื“ ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืžื™ื™ื—ืก ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื”ื–ื” ืœืฆื•ื•ื™ ืืœื”ื™, ื›ืžื• ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื•ื“ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืฉืืจ ื”ื ื‘ื•ืื•ืช, ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื ื• ืžื™ื™ื—ืก ืื•ืชื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืฆื•ื•ื™ ืžืฉื”, ืืœื ืœืคื—ื–ื•ืช ื”ืขื ื”ืฉืงื•ืข ื‘ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“. ืื ื›ืŸ, ืกืคืจ ืชื•ืจืช ืžืฉื” ืื™ื ื ื• ืืœื ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื”ื‘ืœื™ื ื•ืฉืงืจื™ื, ื›ื™ ืœืคื™ ื“ืขืชื• ืžืฉื” ืื™ืฉ ื—ื›ื ื•ืฆื“ื™ืง ื”ื™ื”, ื•ืœื ืฆื™ื•ื•ื” ื›ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื”, ื•ื›ืืŸ ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืฆื™ื•ื•ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”'; ืื ื›ืŸ, ืžื” ืœื• ืœืื™ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืœืชืจื’ื ื•ืœืคืจืฉ ืกืคืจ ืืฉืจ ื›ื–ื”? ื•ืžื™ ื™ืชืŸ ื•ืœื ืฉืœื— ื™ื“ื• ืœื’ืขืช ื‘ื•! "ื˜ืžื ื•ื›ืกื™ืœ ืœื ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื• ื“ืจืš ืงื“ืฉ ื™ึดืงึธืจึตื ืœื•". ืื™ื ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ื”ืื ื”ืžืฆื•ื˜ื˜ ื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ (ื›ื”ืŸ) ืื• ืœื. ืืš ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื›ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ืฉื“"ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœื™ื, ื•ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘ ื’ื ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ืืช ื”ืžืกืจ. ืืžื ื ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ื›ื™ ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื ื˜ืœื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ืฉืื™ืœื•ื ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ืืฉืจ ื”ืฉืชืขื‘ื“ื• ื‘ื”ื, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืš ื™ืฆื•ื•ื” ื”' ืžืขืฉื” ืจืžื™ื”? ื•ื”ืœื ื”ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืจื•ืฉื ืงืฉื” ื•ืจืข ื‘ืœื‘ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ื™ ืžื–ื” ื™ืœืžื“ื• ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืชืจืžื™ืช ื•ื™ืฉื—ื™ืชื• ืžืขืœืœื™ื”ื. ื•ื›ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื”' ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืขืฉื™ืจ ืืช ืขืžื• ื‘ืœื ืฉื™ืฆื•ื•ื ืžืขืฉื” ืขึธืงึฐื‘ึธื”? โ€“ ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื”ืคืš ื ืจืฉื ื‘ื ืคืฉื ื›ื™ ื”' ื™ืฉื™ื‘ ืœืื™ืฉ ื›ืคืขืœื• ื•ื™ืขื ื™ืฉ ื”ืจืขื™ื ื•ื”ืžืชืื›ื–ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืจืขื™ื”ื. ื›ื™ ืืžื ื ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ืขืฉื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืžืœื‘ื, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืžืจื•ื‘ ืชืฉื•ืงืชื ืœื”ืชืจื—ืง ืžืžืฆื™ืงื™ื”ื ื•ืžืืจืฅ ืื•ื›ืœืช ื‘ื ื™ื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื™ื ื›ืœืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื”, ืืœื ืขืฉื•ื”ื• ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื›ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื” ืื•ืชื ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœื”ื ื‘ืฉื ื”'. ื•ื”ื ื” ืžื” ืฉื ืจืฉื ื‘ื ืคืฉื ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ ื”' ืฉื•ื ื ืื ืฉื™ ืขื•ื•ืœื” ื•ืืช ื“ื›ืื™ ืจื•ื— ื™ื•ืฉื™ืข. ืคืจืฉืช ืฉืžื•ืช, ื”ืžืกืคืจืช ืืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืžืชื”ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื, ืžืคื’ื™ืฉื” ืื•ืชื ื• ื’ื ืขื ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆืจื™ืช, ื•ื”ืขื ื”ืžืฆืจื™, ืืš ื’ื ืขื ื”ื—ื™ ื•ื”ืฆื•ืžื—. ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืžื”ืคืจืฉื” ื‘ืฉืคืช ื”ืžืื” ื”- 19 ื”ื•ื ืืชื’ืจ. ื•ืฉื“"ืœ ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืื™ืชื•. ืจืฉ"ื™- ื“ืจืš ืžืฉืœ- ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื”ืขืกื™ืง ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ื•ืืชื” ืžื•ืฆื ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื•ื’ื™ ืฆืžื—ื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืžืฉืคื˜. ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืžืคื•ืจืกืžืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืœ"ืขืฆื™ ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื" ืฉื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืชืจื•ืžื”. ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื”ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ- 'ืžืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ืœื”ื ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ? ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืจื–ื™ื ืœืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื ื˜ืขื, ื•ืฆื™ื•ื•ื” ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ื• ืœื™ื˜ืœื ืขื™ืžื”ื ื›ืฉื™ืฆืื• ืžืžืฆืจื™ื'. ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื—ืฉ ื›ืœืœ ืœื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืืจื–ื™ื ืœืฉื™ื˜ื™ื. ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ืชื‘ืœื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืžื, ืงื ื” ื•ืกื•ืฃ. ื•ื”ื ื” ืฉื“"ืœ ืžื ืกื” ืœื ืจืง ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ืืœื ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืžื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืžื™ืื” ืื• ื’ืžื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ื! ื’ืžื: ื”ื•ื papyrus ื”ื’ื“ืœ ืืฆืœ ื”ื™ืื•ืจ, ื•ื ืงืจื ื›ืŸ ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ 'ื”ื’ืžื™ืื™ื ื™ ื ื' (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›"ื“ ื™"ื–), ืœื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื’ื“ืœ ืืฆืœ ื”ืžื™ื, ื•ื›ืืœื• ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืชื™ื™ื”. ื•ื›ืŸ Lucanus ืงื•ืจืื• bibula papyrus, ื•ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžืžื ื• ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื, ืžื ืขืœื™ื, ืกืœื™ื ื•ื’ื ืกืคื™ื ื•ืช. ื•ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืงืœื™ื ืขื‘ืขืจื’ ืื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืงืจืื• ื”ืฆืžื— ื”ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉื ื’ื•ืžื, ื•ืื—"ื› ืื™ืจืข ืฉืฉืชื• ืžื™ื ื‘ืงื ื” ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืžื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ืฆืจืš ืื“ื ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืžื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื ื—ืœ ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื›ืœื™, ื•ืœืงื— ื’ืžื ื”ื’ื“ืœ ืืฆืœ ื”ื ื”ืจ ื•ืขืฉื” ืžืžื ื• ืงื ื” ื•ืฉืชื” ืžืขื˜ ืžืขื˜ ืžืžื™ืžื™ ื”ื ื—ืœ ื•ืื•ืชื” ืฉืชื™ื™ื” ื”ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืžืขื˜ ืžืขื˜ ืงืจืื• ืœื” ื’ืžื™ืื” ืื• ื’ืžื™ืขื” ืขืœ ืฉื ื”ื’ึนืžึถื. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ: ื’ื‘ืขื•ืœื™ ื”ื’ื•ืžื ื”ื ื—ืœื•ืœื™ื, ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืœืฉืชื™ืช ื”ืžื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืงืฉื™ืช. ื‘ืกื•ืฃ: ื›ืžื• ืงื ื” ื›ืžื• 'ืงึธื ึถื” ื•ึธืกื•ึผืฃ ืงึธืžึตืœื•ึผ.' (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื™"ื˜ ื•'), ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื™ืŸ ื ึถื˜ึทืข ื”ื’ื“ืœ ืืฆืœ ื”ื™ืื•ืจ ื•ื ืงืจื ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืžืฆืจื™ sari. ืœื ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื•ืขืจื•ืช ืข"ื™ ืฉื“"ืœ ื™ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื” ื”ืžื“ืขื™ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืขืฆื ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืœืคืกื•ืงื™ ื”ืžืงืจื ื”ื•ื ืžืจืฉื™ื. ื•ืืฃ ืฉืฉื“"ืœ ืœื ื™ืืžืจ ื–ืืช, ื”ืคืขืจ ื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืจืฉ"ื™, ื•ืฉืืจ ืคืจืฉื ื™ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื, ื‘ื•ืœื˜. ื”ื‘ื ืชื• ืฉืœ ืฉื“"ืœ ื‘ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ืฉืคื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืขืชื™ืงื•ืช, ืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื• ืœื ืื—ืช ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืื• ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืคื•ืขืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงืจื. ืœื ืื—ืช, ื”ื”ืฉืขืจื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืœื ื™ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื•ื‘ืœืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื™ืคื ื• ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ืขื ืชื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ืจื‘ื• ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืžืžื ื” ืฆืžื—ื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช. ืืš ืืช ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœ ืฉื“"ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืคื•ื˜ ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืชืงื•ืคืชื•. ื•ื™ืื‘ืง: ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืื‘ืง, ื”ืชืขืคืจ ื‘ืขืคืจ, ื”ืขืœื” ืขืคืจ ื‘ืจื’ืœื™ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ืขื ื•ืขื• ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” (ืžื ื—ื, ืจืื‘"ืข ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื•ืจื“"ืง). ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื™ palestra ื ื’ื–ืจ ืžืŸ pale ืฉืขื ื™ื ื• ืขืคืจ, ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจื•ืžื™ in arenam descendere (ืจืื–' ื•ื’ืขื–'); ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ื•ืง, ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืืจืžื™ืช ืื‘ื™ืง ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ื•ืง ื•ื—ื‘ื•ืง (ืจืฉ"ื™), ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ืขืชื™ ื ื•ื˜ื”. ื•ื’ื–ื ื™ื•ืก (thesaurus) ื‘ืงืฉ ืœื”ืกืชื™ื™ืข ืžืชืจื’ื•ื ืฉื•ืžืจื•ื ื™ ืฉืžืชื•ืจื’ื ื ื’ืฉื•ืฉื” ืขึดืžึตื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืคืจืฉื• ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื’ื•ืฉ ืขืคืจ. ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ื•ืฉ, ื›ื™ ื’ื•ืฉ ืื™ื ื ื• ืื‘ืง, ื•ื”ืชื’ื•ืฉืฉ ื ื’ื–ืจ ืžืŸ ื’ืฉ ื•ื’ืฉืฉ ืฉืขื ื™ื ื• ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืกื•ืจื™ ื•ืืจืžื™ ืžืฉืžื•ืฉ ('ื•ื™ื’ืฉ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืื‘ื™ื• ื•ื™ืžื•ืฉื”ื•' ืชืจื’ื•ื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื•ื’ืฉืฉื™ื”). ื•ื”ืจืื™ื” ื”ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืœื–ื” ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื•ืชื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื•ื™ืื‘ืง ืืœื ื•ื™ื—ื‘ืง. ื•ืื™ืš ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืชืจื’ืžื•ื”ื• ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื’ื•ืฉ ื•ืื‘ืง? ื•ื’ื–ื ื™ื•ืก ื ืคืชื” ืื—ืจื™ ื‘ื•ืงืกื˜ืืจืฃ ืืฉืจ ื‘ืขืจื•ืš ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœื• ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืชื’ื•ืฉืฉ ืฉืขื ื™ื ื• luctari ื›ื’ื•ืŸ 'ืžืฉืœ ืœืฉื ื™ ืืชืœื˜ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืžืชื’ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืœืš' (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ื” ืคืจืฉื” ื›"ื‘), 'ืขื•ืžื“ ื•ืžืชื’ื•ืฉืฉ ืขื ื‘ื ื•' (ืฉื ืข"ื–), 'ื ืชื’ื•ืฉืฉืช ืขื ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื™ื›ืœืช ืœื”ื' (ืฉื ืข"ื—). ื•ืคื™ืจืฉื ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื’ื•ืฉ ืขืคืจ, ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื ื‘ืฉืจืฉ ื’ื•ืฉ, ืชื—ืช ืืฉืจ ืื™ื ื ืืœื ืžืฉื•ืจืฉ ื’ืฉืฉ. ื•ืงื•ื“ื ืœื”ื ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืžืฉื ื” (ื—ืœื” ืคืจืง ื‘'), ื•ืื—ืจื™ื• ื”ืจืข"ื‘ ืคื™ืจืฉื• ืกืคื™ื ื” ื’ื•ืฉืฉืช, ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื’ื•ืฉ ืขืคืจ, ื•ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ืžืฉื•ืจืฉ ื’ืฉืฉ (ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืขืจื•ืš), ื•ืžืขื ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืžื•ืฉ ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืกืคื™ื ื” ื ื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ืงืจืงืข. ืฉื“"ืœ ืžื‘ื™ื ืื ื›ืŸ ืืจื‘ืข ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช (ืื‘ืง, ื—ื‘ื•ืง, ื’ื•ืฉ ืขืคืจ, ื”ืชื’ื•ืฉืฉื•ืช) ื•ื’ื ืืช ืขืžื“ืชื• ืฉืœื• ืขืฆืžื•. ื•ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืœื›ืš ืฉื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื, ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ื“ืขืชื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื™ื ื•ืจื™ืช, ื‘ืœื™ ืœืงื˜ื•ืœ ื“ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืžืฉืœื•. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฆื˜ื˜ 22 ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื‘ืฉืคื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืคืจืฉื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืžืขืžื ื• ื•ืžืขืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื! ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ื—ืœ ืจ"ื— ืืœื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ื”ืคื˜ืจื•ืช, ืฉืœ ืจืื” ื•ืฉืœ ื›ื™ ืชืฆื, ื‘ืจืฆืฃ (ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืŸ ืžื•ืคื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ืคืจืง ื "ื“). ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง (ื "ื“ ื˜') 'ื›ื™- ืžื™ ื ื— ื–ืืช ืœื™', ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื“"ืœ ื›ื™ ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ืคืจืฉื ื™ื ื—ื™ื‘ืจื• ืืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœืžื™ืœื” ืื—ืช: 'ื›ื™ืžื™ ื ื— ื–ืืช ืœื™'. ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช: ื”ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืžืฆื‘, ื•ืœื ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื–ืžืŸ. ืื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง, ื ืจืื” ืฉืฉื ื™ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืื™ื, ืืš ืฉื“"ืœ ืื™ื ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื”, ื•ืื•ืžืจ: "ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืืฆืœื™ ื›ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ ืฉื ืฉื‘ืขืชื™ ืขืœื™ื• ืฉืœื ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ". ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืฆืขื” ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืžื™ืœื” ื‘ืชื "ืš, ืื™ืŸ ืฉื“"ืœ ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืจืืฉ. ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืจืฉ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืชืจื’ืžื™ื ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืชื™ื”ื, ืžืฆื˜ื˜ ืขืฉืจื” ืžื”ื (!!), ืขืชื™ืงื™ื ื•ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ืžื‘ื ื™ ืขืžื ื• ื•ืžื‘ื ื™ ืื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ื•: ื•ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ื•ืกื•ืžื›ื•ืก ื•ืชื™ืื•ื“ื•ืฆื™ืื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืžืชืจื’ื ื”ืกื•ืจื™ ื•ื”ื™ื™ืจื•ื ื™ืžื•ืก ื•ืจื‘ื ื• ืกืขื“ื™ื” ืชื™ืจื’ืžื• ื›ื™ืžื™ ืžืœื” ืื—ืช, ื•ืจื“ืดืง ืืžืจ ืฉื”ืกืคืจื™ื ืžืชื—ืœืคื™ื ื‘ื–ื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืชื•ืจื’ื ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื–ืงื ื™ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ืชื™ืจื’ืžื• ืจื•ื–ื ืžื™ืœืจ ื•ื’ื–ื ื™ื•ืก. ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช: ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ (ื›ื ืจืื” ืžื”ืžืื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื”), ืกื•ืžึธื›ื•ืก (symachos), ืชื™ืื•ื“ื•ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืžืชืจื’ื ื”ืกื•ืจื™ ื”ื ื›ื•ืœื ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืขืชื™ืง, ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉืœื”ื™ ื”ืžืื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื”. ื”ื™ื™ืจื•ื ื™ืžื•ืก ื—ื™ ื‘ืžืื” ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช, ื•ืจื‘ื ื• ืกืขื“ื™ื” ื’ืื•ืŸ- ื‘ืžืื” ื”ืชืฉื™ืขื™ืช. ื›ื•ืœื ืชืจื’ืžื• ืืช ื”ืชื "ืš, ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื—ื™ื‘ืจื• ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืœืื—ืช. ืžืŸ ื”ืกืชื- ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžืกื•ืจืช ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื™ื“ื. ืจื“"ืง (ืจ' ื“ื•ื“ ืงืžื—ื™), ืื™ืฉ ื”ืžืื” ื”- 12, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ืคืจืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืงืจื ื•ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื“ืงื“ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช. ืœื ืžื›ืจื™ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช, ื•ืจืง ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉืชื™ ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ืœืคืกื•ืง, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืจื•ื–ื ืžื™ืœืจ ื•ื’ื–ื ื™ื•ืก, ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืžืื” ื”- 17 ื•ื”- 18, ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื• ืขื ืจื“"ืง. ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืขื•ืžื“ ืฉื“"ืœ ืขืœ ืฉืœื•, ื•ืื•ืžืจ: ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืŸ ื ื•ืกื— ืฉืœื ื• ืขื™ืงืจ, ื›ื™ ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืคื™ืจืฉ ืžื” ืฉืกืชื ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื•ืืžืจ 'ืžืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื™ ื ื—'. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ- ื”ืžืฉื›ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืžืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ืชื—ื™ืœืชื•, ื•ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื›ืืŸ ืขืœ ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืžืฆื‘, ื•ืœื ืขืœ ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื–ืžืŸ. [ื•ืจืื” ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœ"ื’ 'ืžื™ืžื™ื ื• ืืฉื“ืช ืœืžื•"]. ื•ื”ืคืขื- ืฉืขื•ืจ ืงืฆืจ ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื”. ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™, (Public good) ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืš ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ืื• ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืžื ื• ืœืœื ืชืฉืœื•ื, ื•ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื•ืฆืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื“ื ืื—ื“ ืื™ื ื• ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื” ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืื—ืช ืžื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ืืš ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื ื•ืกืคืช ื”ื™ื- ื”ืื•ื™ืจ ืฉืื ื• ื ื•ืฉืžื™ื. ืืš ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืขืชื™ืง, ื’ื ื”ืžื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™: ื”ืื“ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืฉืชื•ืช, ืืš ืžื™ื ื™ืฉ (ื›ืžืขื˜) ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื. ืฉื“"ืœ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืœ, ื™ื—ื“ ื’ื ืืช ื”ื ืžืฉืœ, ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืฉืœื ื•: ื”ื•ื™ ื›ืœ ืฆืžืโ€“ "ื”ืžืฉื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืฉืื—ืจื™ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ืœืžื™ื, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืš ืœืงื ื•ืชื ื‘ื›ืกืฃ, ื›ื™ ื”ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช". ื•ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื™ื•ื‘ืŸ ื›ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ: ื•ืืฉืจ ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื›ืกืฃ, ืœื›ื• ืฉื™ื‘ืจื• ื•ืื›ื•ืœื•โ€“ "ื’ื ืžื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื›ืกืฃ ื™ื™ืœืš ืœืžื™ื, ื›ื™ ื‘ืœื ื›ืกืฃ ื™ืžืฆืื. ื•ืœื ืชืืžืจื• ื›ื™ ื‘ืœื ื›ืกืฃ ืœื ื ืžืฆื ืืœื ืžื™ื, ื•ืœื ืœื—ื ื•ืœื ื™ื™ืŸ. ืœื ื›ืŸ, ืืœื ืœื›ื• ืืœื™, ื•ืชืžืฆืื• ื’ื ืฉื‘ืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ, ื’ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื—ืœื‘". ื•ื”ื ืžืฉืœ: "ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืืชืŸ ืœื›ื ื—ื™ื ื ืื™ื ื ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืคื—ื•ืชื”, ื›ืžื• ืžื™ื, ืืœื ื”ื™ื ื›ืœื—ื ื•ื›ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื›ื—ืœื‘, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ื›ืžืฉืงื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืขืจื‘". ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื•, ื™ื•ืฆื ืฉื“"ืœ ื ื’ื“ ื”ืคืจืฉื ื™ื ืฉื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื, ื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืžืฉืœ, ื•ืœื™ื“ื• ื’ื ื ืžืฉืœ. ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื”ื‘ื, ืœืžื” ืชืฉืงืœื• ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ืœื•ื ืœื—ื, ื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืื•ืžืจ: "ืœืžื” ืชื™ื’ืขื• ืื—ืจ ืžื” ืฉืœื ื™ื•ืขื™ืœ, ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ืื•ืฉืจ ืงื™ื™ื. ื•ื’ื–ื ื™ื•ืก ืคื™ืจืฉ ื›ืžืฉืžืขื•- ืœืžื” ืชืฉืงืœื• ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžืœื›ื™ื ื”ืจื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื. ื•ื›ืŸ ื’ื ืจืฉ"ื™: ืœืžื” ืชื’ืจืžื• ืœื›ื ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ื›ืกืฃ ืœืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื›ื". ื•ืฉื“"ืœ ืžืกื™ื™ื ืืช ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื•: "ืืžื ื ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื›ื™ ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ืžื™ื ืžืฉืœ, ื’ื ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืžืฉืœ".
ืคืจื˜ื™ื: ืกื“ืจืช ื”ื”ื•ืคืขื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื”ืœืื”. ืืชื™ ื‘ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื ื’ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืœื•ืช ืžืืจื—ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื•ืคืข ื–ืžืจืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืœืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืžื•ืกื™ืงืœื™-ืื™ืฉื™-ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ. ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžื•ืคืข ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืกื“ืจื” ืœืื—ืจ 4 ืžื•ืคืขื™ื ืžื•ืคืœืื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ืชืืจื—ื• ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ืจื™ืงื™ ื’ืœ, ืงื•ืจื™ืŸ ืืœืืœ ื•ืขืœืžื” ื–ื”ืจ. ืืชื™ ื‘ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ืฉื™ืจื™ื” ื•ืžืžื™ื˜ื‘ ืืœื‘ื•ืžื™ื” โ€“ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื—ื•ืœ , ืžื–ืจื— ื•ืžืขืจื‘, ื™ืฉืŸ ื•ื—ื“ืฉ. ื™ืคื’ืฉื• ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืขืจื‘ ื—ื“-ืคืขืžื™. ื•ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™ ืืชื™, ื”ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืืœื‘ื•ื ื”ืชื•ื ื™ืกืื™ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ื”ื™ื ืขืžืœื” ื›ื‘ืจ 4 ืฉื ื™ื, ืชื‘ืฆืข ื˜ืขื™ืžื•ืช ืžื”ืืœื‘ื•ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืชืชืืจื—ื ื” ื–ื• ื‘ืฆืœ ืงื•ืจืชื” ื”ืžื•ืกื™ืงืœื™ืช-ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช-ื•ื•ืงืืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื•. ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื: 125 โ‚ช. ื‘ืืชืจ ื–ืืคื”.
ื™ื ืฉืืœื” ื™ืฉืจืคื• ื›ืœ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื!!! ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืฉืขืžื ืืชื›ื 5 ื“ืงื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ืงืฉื” ืœืคื™ืฆื•ืฅ ืื– ื’ื–ืจื• ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื•ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืจืง ืืช ื”ื”ืงืฉื” ื•ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ืฅ !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ื”ืกื™ืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉื ื™ื” 27 ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืžืจื•ื—, ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื™ืข ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ืœื•ื, ื•ืžืื– ื”ื›ืœ ื ืจืื” ืชืงื™ืŸ. ื”ืงืคื™ืฆื” ื‘ืฆื™ืœื•ื ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžื”ื•ืจื“ื” ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ื” ืฉืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืžื”ื”ืงืฉ ื‘ื’ื’ ืขื“ ืœื˜ื™ืœ ืฉื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ. ืœื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื›ื ื™ื ืžื” ื”ื ืžืฉืชื–ืคื™ื ื‘ืžืจืคืกืช? ืžื”? ืžื” ื™ื•ืฆื ืœื ื• ืžื–ื”? ื”ืจื™ืกืช ื”ื‘ืชื™ื ืคื•ืขืœืช ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื—ืžืืก! ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื›ื” ืฆืจื™ืš . ืžื” ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืžืื™ืชื ื•?? ืฉื ืฉืžื—?? ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืงื“ื™ื ืžืฉืžื—ื”!! ืื– ืื— ืฉืœืš ืœื ืจื•ืื” ื˜ื•ื‘ !!! ืื™ืš ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื•ื ืžืขื–ื” ื•ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื–ื” ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืฉื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืžืชืื™ื ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื ื”ืขืฉืŸ ืฉื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืคืชืื•ื ื ืขืœื ื•ื’ื ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืคืœ ื™ืฉืจ ื•ืœื ืขืงื•ื ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืœ ืขืจื™ื›ื” ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืงื” ืกืชื ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื•ืช!!!!!!!! ืœืชื’ื•ื‘ื” 21-ืื”ื‘ืชื™, ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืชื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื”ื ืœื ืฉื•ื•ื”. ืœืžื” ืœืงืœืงืœ ืืช ื”ื›ื™ืฃ? ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš. ืคืฆืฆื•ื ืช "ื”ืงืฉ ื‘ื’ื’ " ื‘ืฉื ื™ื” ื”-13 ื•ื”ื˜ื™ืœ 14 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจ ื›ืš . ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื‘14 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ืžืคื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ. ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื™ืงืจื” ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืข"ื™ ื”ืจืงื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื. ืื‘ืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฉื•ืžืจ ืขืœื™ื ื• ื•ืžืฆื™ืœื ื• ืžื™ื“ื. ืขืœื• ื•ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืฆื”"ืœ ื•ื”' ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขื–ืจื›ื. ื™ืฉืชื‘ ื”ื‘ื•ืจื, ื™ืชืคืืจ ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื•ื™ืชืขืœื” ืฉืžื•! ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืœื ืืžื™ืŸ . ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืจืื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืฉืืจ ื”ื ื•ืฃ, ื•ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืฉืจืง ื”ื•ื ื ื”ืจืก ื•ืœื ืฉื•ื ื›ืœื•ื ืื—ืจ ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ? ื”ืื ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื” ืฉืฆื”"ืœ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ? ื‘ื•ืœ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ? ืฉื›ื—ืช ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืืžืŸ!!!!! ื›ืŸ ื™ืจื‘ื•!!!! ืืžืŸ!!! ืืชื ืขืกื•ืงื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื™ืขืก ืฆื”ื•ื‘. ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืคืฆืฆื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”"ื”ืงืฉ ื‘ื’ื’" ื”ืขืฉืŸ ืžืชืคื–ืจ ืœืื™ื˜ื• ื•ืคืชืื•ื ื‘ื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœ ื ืขืœื ืฉื ื™ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ืฅ. ืฆื•ื“ืง. ืฉื ื™ื™ื” 22 ื™ืฉ ืงืื˜ ื•ืžืขื‘ืจ ืงื“ื™ืžื”. ืฉืงืจื ื™ื. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ืข"ืค ื—ื•ื˜ื™ ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืฉืžืชืขื•ืคืคื™ื ื‘ืจื•ื— ื•ืคืชืื•ื ืงื•ืคืฆื™ื ืžืžืงื•ื ืœืžืงื•ื.
"ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื—ื–ืจืช ืœืื›ืกื ื™ื” ืฉืœื”" ืœืื—ืจ ืžืฆื•ืจ ืืจื•ืš ื•ืžืชื™ืฉ ื•ื”ืคืฆืฆื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช: ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžื”ืขื™ืจ ื—ืืœื‘, ื”ื ืฉืœื˜ืช ืžื–ื” ืžืกืคืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื•ืจื“ื™ื, ื ื›ื‘ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฆื‘ืื• ื”ืื›ื–ืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ืฉืืจ ืืกื“. ืคืจืฉื ื™ื ื•ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืชื™ื›ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ืฉื™ื ืกื•ืจื™ื” ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืชื•. ืฆื‘ื ืกื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื•ืงืฆื™ื ื™ื ืžืื™ืจืืŸ, ืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ ื•ื”ื—ื™ื–ื‘ืืœืœื” ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ืฉืชืœื˜ ืขื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืขืœ 14 ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืืœื‘, ื”ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืœืขื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื•ื”ืขืกืงื™ืช ืฉืœ ืกื•ืจื™ื”. ื”ืฆื‘ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืฉืชืœื˜ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ, ื”ื™ื“ืง ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ื ืกื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื” ื•ืขืฆืจ ื›ืžื” ืžืื•ืช ืžืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ. ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืกื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืืจื•ื– ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ืืช ืจื›ื•ืฉืŸ ื•ืœื”ื™ืžืœื˜ ืžื”ื”ืคืฆืฆื•ืช ื”ืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืช. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืื ื™ื•ืฉืœื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ, ื™ื”ื•ื•ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื›ื” ืื ื•ืฉื” ืœืžื•ืจื“ื™ื. ื™ืฉ ื”ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื‘ื•ืกื” ื”ืงืฉื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื ื—ืœื• ื”ืžื•ืจื“ื™ื ื‘ื—ืืœื‘ ืžืื– ืคืชื™ื—ืช ื”ืขื™ืžื•ืชื™ื ื ื’ื“ ืฉืœื˜ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืืกื“ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2012. ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืงืฉื” ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื›ืœื™ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืกื•ืจื™ื™ื ืœื“ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ืคืชื™ื—ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืกื“ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืžื ื™ื˜ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืžืœื˜ ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ืžื”ืขื™ืจ. ื”ื‘ืจื™ื—ื” ื”ื”ืžื•ื ื™ืช ืžื—ืืœื‘ ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœื ื•ืข ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืžืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืื‘ ืืœ-ืกืœืื ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ื˜ื•ืจืงื™. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ืชืขืงืฉื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืฉืœื ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ื™ืื—ื– ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื”ื, ืื• ื‘ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืฉื ืฉืืจื• ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื”ื ืžืชื•ืš ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื”ืชืขื•ื“ื” ืื• ื”ืชื•ืืจ ืฉืœื”ื ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื• ืœื”ื ืขืชื™ื“ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ื‘ืขื™ืจ. ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืงืฉื” ื‘ื—ืืœื‘ ื’ื•ืจื ืœื“ืื’ื” ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืžืขืจื‘. ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื›ื™ ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ืชืขื‘ื™ืจ 50 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ืจื• ืœืžื˜ืจืช ืกื™ื•ืข ื”ื•ืžื ื™ื˜ืจื™ ืจื—ื‘ ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื ืžืœื˜ื• ืžื”ืชื•ืคืช ื‘ื—ืืœื‘. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™ ื‘ืžื—ื ื” ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืกื•ืจื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืจื•ืกื™ื” ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื‘ืกื™ื•ืข ื”ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจ ืœืฆื‘ืื• ืฉืœ ืืกื“, ื•ืžื•ืกืงื‘ื” ืืฃ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื›ื™ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืœืกื™ืœื•ืง ืคืฆืฆื•ืช ื™ื™ืฉืœื—ื• ืœื—ืืœื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื˜ื”ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื ื›ื‘ืฉื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืืกื“ ื‘ืžื–ืจื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ.
>"ื›ืŸ ืœืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืœื ืœืืœื™ืžื•ืช" "ื›ืŸ ืœืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืœื ืœืืœื™ืžื•ืช" ืžืคื’ืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืžืคืชื— ืชืงื•ื” ื”ืžืฉื—ืงื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ื’ืช ืื™ื™ืคืœ ื‘ื”ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ ื™ื•ืกืคื˜ืœ, ื‘ื ื™ ืกื™ืจืงื™ืŸ, ืชืงื•ืžื” ื•ืฉืขืจื™ื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื ืขืจืš ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื•ื‘ืžื”ืœื›ื• ื”ื•ืขืœื• ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืœืงื™ื•ื ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ืช. ืœื™ื’ืช ืื™ื™ืคืœ ื”ื™ื ื” ืœื™ื’ืช ืงื˜ ืจื’ืœ ื”ืžืฉื•ื•ืงืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ืืชื™ื•ืคื™ืช ื‘ื” 18 ืžื•ืขื“ื•ื ื™ื ืขื ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื, ื ื•ืขืจ ื•ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื, ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืืจื‘ืข ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืžืคืชื— ืชืงื•ื”, ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉื™ื–ืžื” ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืฉืžื” ืื•ืชื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืคื ื™ 13 ืฉื ื™ื. ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืœื™ื’ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืจื—ื™ืง ืืช ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ื•ื”ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืžื”ืจื’ืœื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืœืงืจื‘ ืื•ืชื ืืœ ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืจืืฉ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืื™ืฆื™ืง ื‘ืจื•ื•ืจืžืŸ, ืœืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืชื—ืช ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช "ื›ืŸ ืœืกืคื•ืจื˜ - ืœื ืœืืœื™ืžื•ืช" ื•ืขื ื›ื ื™ืกืช ืชื›ื ื™ืช "ื“ืจืš ื—ื“ืฉื”" ืฉืคื•ืขืœืช ืœืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ืืชื™ื•ืคื™ืช ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”, ื™ื–ื ืฉืœื•ืžื™ ืขืจื”, ืžื ื”ืœ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืขื™ืจ ืœืœื ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืจ, ืžืคื’ืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืžืคืชื— ืชืงื•ื” ื”ืžืฉื—ืงื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ื’ืช ืื™ื™ืคืœ ื‘ื”ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ ื™ื•ืกืคื˜ืœ, ื‘ื ื™ ืกื™ืจืงื™ืŸ, ืชืงื•ืžื” ื•ืฉืขืจื™ื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ืื’ืฃ ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜, ืื’ืฃ ื”ืงืœื™ื˜ื” ื•ืื’ืฃ ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ื•ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื, ื‘ื• ื”ื•ืขืœื• ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ืช. ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืกื“ืจื• ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื, ืžื’ืจืฉื™ ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื‘ืœื™ื’ื”, ืชืœื‘ื•ืฉืช ื•ื”ืกืขื•ืช. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ื“ื’ืฉ ืœื’ื™ื•ืก ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื ืžื›ืœืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื•ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ื ื‘ืœื™ื’ื” ื•ื–ื• ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืชื›ื ื™ืช "ื“ืจืš ื—ื“ืฉื”" ื”ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ืขื™ืจ. ืฉืœื•ืžื™ ืขืจื” ืžื ื”ืœ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืขื™ืจ ืœืœื ืืœื™ืžื•ืช: "ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื•ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ื‘ืคืจื˜, ื”ื™ื ื• ื ื“ื‘ืš ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืžื•ืฉืš ื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ืขืจ ื•ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื•ืžืืคืฉืจ ืžืชืŸ ืžืขื ื™ื ื•ืฆืžืฆื•ื ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ืชื•ืš ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ ืœืงื”ื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืคืชื—, ืœืชืžื•ืš ื•ืœืกื™ื™ืข". ืฉืฉื™ ืคืชืืœ, ืž"ืž ืžื ื”ืœ ืื’ืฃ ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜: "ืขืฆื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื›ืœืœ ื”ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ื ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื•ื”ื•ืฆื’ื• ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช, ื™ืฆืจื• ืชื—ื•ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื•ืืžื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื•ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื".
ืจืืฉื™ โ€บ ื‘ืœื•ื’ ืžืืžืจื™ื โ€บ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื ื“ืœโ€ืŸ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ื”ืชืื•ืฉืฉ โ€“ ื”ืื ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ื•? ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื ื“ืœโ€ืŸ ื‘ืืจื”โ€ื‘. ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช, ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื”ืžืชื™ืฉื” ื•ื”ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื” ืžืฆื“ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื ื’ื“ ื”ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื, ื›ืœ ืืœื” ื’ืจืžื• ืœื”ื ืœื—ืคืฉ ืฉื•ืงื™ ื ื“ืœโ€ืŸ ื ื•ื—ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืขื ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืจื•ื•ื— ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืื•ืงื™ืื ื•ืก ื”ืื˜ืœื ื˜ื™. ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื›ื—ื• ืฉื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืœืคื ื™ ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืืจื”โ€ื‘ ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืกืื‘ึพืคืจื™ื™ื, ืฉืจื™ืกืง ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื’ืจื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืœืื‘ื“ ืืช ื‘ืชื™ื”ื ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื. ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื ื“ืœโ€ืŸ ืœื ื”ื•ืจื’ืฉื•. ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”, ื›ืš ืื•ืžืจื™ื, ื ื•ื˜ื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื”, ื•ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืžืฉื‘ืจ ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื ื™ืงืจื” ืฉื•ื‘. ืื– ื”ืื ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืฉืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื™ื, ืžืกืชื›ื ื™ื ื‘ืื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืงืขืชื? ืžื” ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื ื“ืœโ€ืŸ ื‘ืืจื”โ€ื‘ ื›ื™ื•ื, ื‘ืžืœืืช ืขืฉื•ืจ ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ืœืขื•ืžืช ืขืจื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ, ื•ื”ืื ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืคืชื—ื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ? ืจืžืช ื”ืžืืงืจื•, ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ื”ืฉืชืคืจื•. ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื”, ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืขืจื‘ ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžโ€“5%, ื ืžืฆืืช ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืฉืคืœ ืฉืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžโ€“4%, ื•ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื” ืžืขื•ื“ื“ืช ืืช ื”ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื. ื’ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืฉื•ืง ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ, ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ืœืžื“ื• ืืช ื”ืœืงื—. ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืฉื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืื• ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืœืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ ื ื“ืœโ€ืŸ ื‘ืืจื”โ€ื‘. ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืืžื ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช, ืืš ืžืขืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ืขืœ ืจืžื” ื ืžื•ื›ื”. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขื™ื ื‘ืืจื”โ€ื‘ ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื‘ืจื• ืืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœ 2008, ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื”ืฉื•ืง ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื• ื‘ืžื’ืžืช ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืžืื– 1975. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื›ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืื•ืœ: ื”ืื ืขืœื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืžื™ืฆืชื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื”? ื”ืื ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืฉื•ืง ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืชื™ืงืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื•? ื”ืื ืžืชืคืชื—ืช ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื•ืขื”? ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ, ื›ืฉืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ืžืื•ื“, ืœื™ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืœืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ืœื ื”ืฉืชืœื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ืชื” ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”. ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื•ื, ื‘-2018, ื”ืชื—ืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืžื‘ืฉื ืช 2000, ื•ื‘ื˜ื— ื•ื‘ื˜ื— ืžืืœื• ืฉื”ื™ื• ื˜ืจื•ื ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ, ืื– ื”ืชื—ืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืฉื™ืืŸ. ืœื›ืŸ, ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื”ื”ื™ืฆืข ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžื™ืฆื•ื™. ื’ื ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื‘ืืจื”โ€ื‘ ื’ื“ืœื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืืœื•, ืž-274 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื, ืœ-334 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื. ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืžืงืจื•ื‘ ืฉื•ืง ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื”ืชื—ืœื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื•ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ืฉื’ื“ืœื” ืคื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืจืื™ื ื• ืžื” ืงืจื” ืœืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื ื“ืœโ€ืŸ. ื’ื ื–ื” ื ืชื•ืŸ ืžืขื•ื“ื“ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืืจื”โ€ื‘. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ืืฃ ืฉืฉื•ืง ื”ื ื“ืœโ€ืŸ ืœืžื›ื™ืจื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžืฉื‘ืจ ืขืžื•ืง ื‘ืกื•ืฃ 2008, ืขื™ืงื•ืœื™ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืฆื“ ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ื•ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืžืืœื• ืฉืื™ื‘ื“ื• ืืช ื‘ืชื™ื”ื ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืฉื•ื›ืจื™ ื“ื™ืจื•ืช, ื’ืจืžื• ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื”ื™ืฆืข ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื›ืจื”, ื•ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืœื• ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช. ื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืฉื›ืจ ืขืœื” ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื”, ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ื™ืจื“ื• ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืžืœืืช ืขืฉื•ืจ ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ, ื•ื–ื• ื’ื ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื. ืœืžืจื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ื“ื“ื™ื, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉืืจื”โ€ื‘ ื”ื™ื ืœื ืฉื•ืง ื ื“ืœโ€ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื•ืฉื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืžืืงืจื• ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื ืœืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื. ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืืจื”โ€ื‘ ืžืชืืคื™ื™ื ืช ื‘ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื ื“ืœโ€ืŸ. 51 ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช, ืืœืคื™ ืขืจื™ื ื•ืžืื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช. ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ืฉื•ืง ื ืคืจื“ ื•ืฉื•ื ื”. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืขืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืงื’ื•, ืฉืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ื‘ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ืžืฉื”ื™ื• ืขืจื‘ ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื‘ืขืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ื™ื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืฉืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื ื ืคื’ืขื• ื‘ืžืฉื‘ืจ (ื™ืจื“ื• ื‘-3% ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื•ืชื•ืš ืฉื ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืขืœื• ื‘ื—ื–ืจื”), ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื”ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœืคื ื™ื•. ื›ืจื’ืข ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืงืจื•ื‘ ื‘ืืจื”โ€ื‘, ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ืฉื•ืง ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื™ื, ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ืืช ื›ืกืคื. ื›ืœ ืคื™ื ื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื ืงื™ืช ื”ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื”, ื•ืืฃ ืฉืœืขืชื™ื ืื ื• ืžื—ืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”โ€“52 ืฉืœื”, ืจื•ื‘ื ื• ืœื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืžืกืคื™ืง ื˜ื•ื‘. ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืกื•ื“ ืฉื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืืคืกื™ืช ื‘ืžืฉืง ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื” ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืฉื•ื›ื‘ ื‘ื‘ื ืง ื•ืœื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื. ื”ื ื“ืœโ€ืŸ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื•ืคืš ื™ืงืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืชื•ืกื™ืคื• ืœื–ื” ืืช ืžืก ื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื”, ืžืก ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ืขืจื™ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ื ื”ื™ื” ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื•ื”ืจื™ ืœื›ื ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ื”ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืฉืงืข ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื™ื, ื”ืŸ ืืฆืœ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืŸ ืืฆืœ ื”ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื. ืœื ืžืงืจื™ ืฉื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ืืจื”โ€ื‘ ื”ืคื›ื” ืœืื—ื“ ื”ื™ืขื“ื™ื ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืืจื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื. ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขื ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื—ื–ืงื” ื•ื‘ื™ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื“ื™ ื ื•ื—ื” ื™ืฆืจื• ืงืจืงืข ืคื•ืจื™ื™ื” ืœืขืกืงืื•ืช ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ืช. ื“ื” ืคืงื˜ื•, ื™ืฉื ื ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืจื”โ€ื‘ ื”ืžื ื™ื‘ื™ื ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื ืื•ืช ืžืืœื• ื”ืžื•ื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื• ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”. ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื” ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื™ ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ื ื•ืคืœื™ื ื‘ืคื—, ืžืชืคืชื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ื ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ืฉื•ื›ื—ื™ื ืฉืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื ื“ืœโ€ืŸ, ื‘ื˜ื— ื•ื‘ื˜ื— ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื–ืจื”, ื”ื™ื ืžื”ืœืš ืžื•ืจื›ื‘, ืจืฆื•ืฃ ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ื•ืžืืชื’ืจ. ื›ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืœืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื—ืกืžื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืฉืงืขื” ื‘ืืจื”โ€ื‘, ืคืขื™ืœ ื‘ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื ื“ืœโ€ืŸ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ื‘ื—ื•โ€ืœ, ืžื‘ื™ื ืžืกืคืจ ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžืคืชื— ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืขืกืงื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ื•ื—ื›ืžื” ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ. ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืžื™ืกื™ ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” (ืืจื ื•ื ื”) โ€“ ืœื ืจื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื›ื™ ื‘ืืจื”โ€ื‘, ื‘ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช (ื”ื ื›ืก) ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉืžืฉืœื ืืช ื”ืืจื ื•ื ื”. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ืจืจ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืืช ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืืจื ื•ื ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจื™ ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ืช. ืฉื ื™ืช, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ื“ื™ืจื” โ€“ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื‘ืืจื”โ€ื‘ ื™ืงืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ. ื•ืขื ื–ืืช, ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง ืจืง ืœื‘ื˜ื— ืืช ื”ื ื›ืก- ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—. ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืชื ืื™ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”. ื›ืš, ื‘ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืฃ, ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื˜ื— ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ื•ืจื™ืงื ื™ื ื•ื’ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืฆืคื•ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ื“ืจ ืืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื ื›ืก. ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ื‘ืืจื”โ€ื‘ ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ืื™ ื”ื‘ื ืชื” ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœืกื‘ืš ืืชื›ื ื”ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืชืจื•ืช. ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืขืจื•ืช ืขืœื•ืœ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ืœื”ืคืกื“ื™. ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืชืจื•ืฆื• ืœื‘ืฆืข ืขืกืงื” ื‘ื—ื•โ€ืœ ืœืžื“ื• ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื•ื—ืงืจื• ืืช ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ื‘ืœื•ืงื™ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ื• ืชืจืฆื• ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข, ื•ื•ื“ืื• ื‘ืคื•ืจื•ืžื™ื, ืฉืืœื• ืžื›ืจื™ื ื•ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ื‘ื—ื•โ€ืœ, ื•ืื ืชืจื’ื™ืฉื• ืฆื•ืจืš ืืœ ืชื—ืฉืฉื• ืืฃ ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ืขืœ ื‘ื•ืจื™ื”. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ, ืฉืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ืžืจืืฉ ื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ื ื›ืก ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™, ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืžืจื—ื•ืง ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ืฉืชื•ื•ื” ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžืงืจื•ื‘. ื‘ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื ื“ืœโ€ืŸ, ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื โ€œื™ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื“ื•ืคืงโ€, ื•ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื›ื ื•ืœืกืคืง ืžืขื ื” ืžื”ื™ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ. ืœืงืจื‘ื” ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ืืžื ื ื™ืฉ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืืš ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื›ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืงื• ื˜ื™ืกื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ-ืืจื”โ€ื‘ ื•ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื’ื ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš. ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืข ื‘ืœืงื ื•ืช ื ื›ืก ื‘ื—ื•โ€ืœ, ื•ื‘ื˜ื— ื•ื‘ื˜ื— ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื ื›ืก ื–ื•ืœ. ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืœื ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืœืขื•ืžืง ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื”: ืžื” ืจืžืช ื”ืคืฉื™ืขื” ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ? ืžื” ื”ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื“ืžื•ื’ืจืคื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ? ื•ืžื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื? ืžืฆืืชื ืขืกืงื” ื–ื•ืœื” ื‘- 30-40 ืืœืฃ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืžื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื‘ืฉื•ืง? ื‘ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื›ืš ืกื™ื‘ื” ื•ืœื ืื—ืช ื”ืขืกืงื” ืชืชื’ืœื” ื›โ€ื—ืชื•ืœ ื‘ืฉืงโ€. ื”ืงืคื™ื“ื• ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื”ื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื, ืฉื›ื ื™ื, ื•ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื ื›ืก ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืืชื ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื”. ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื˜ืคื—ื• ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ื•ื”ื™ื• ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉืืœื” ื™ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืฉื’ืจื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ืฉื˜ื—. ื‘ืจืื™ื™ื” ืขืชื™ื“ื™ืช ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืš ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”.
ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืžืขื•ืœื”! ื”ื•ื‘ืœื•ืช S.O.S ื™ื ื™ื ื” ื”ื•ื‘ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืขื“ 3 ื—ื“ืจื™ื, ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืืจื™ื–ื”, ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืคื™ืจื•ืง ื•ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ืจื”ื™ื˜ื™ื, ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืžื ื•ืฃ. ื™ื ื™ื ื” ื”ื•ื‘ืœื•ืช ืขืฉื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืขื•ืœื”! ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืœื™ ื“ื™ืจืช ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื—ื“ืจื™ื ืžืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืจืฆืœื™ื”, ืืจื–ื• ื”ื›ืœ ื›ืžื• ืฉืฆืจื™ืš, ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉื ืชื ื• ืžืจืืฉ ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ื ื”ืคืชืขื•ืช. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ! ืื ื˜ื•ืœื™ SOS ื”ื•ื‘ืœื” ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืื ื˜ื•ืœื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื•ื‘ืœื” ื”ื™ื ื” ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื•ื‘ืœืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื, ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื–, ื”ืฉืจื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉืคืœื”.
ื—ื“ ื•ื—ืœืง - ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืขื•ื ื”, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืกื•ืฃ ื™ื•ื ื™ ืขื“ ืืžืฆืข ื™ื•ืœื™. ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื”ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืื”, ื”ืคืกื’ื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืฉืœื’ื•ืช ื•ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื–ืจื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ื. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื”ื›ื™ ื ื•ื— ืœื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืขื•ื ื” ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื™ืฆื™ื‘, ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื’ ื•ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ืขืžื•ืก (ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืคื—ื•ืช ื™ืคื”). ืžื™ ืฉืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืฆืืช ืœืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืขื•ื ื” (20 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™) ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืืช ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืฉืœื’ ื‘ืžืขื‘ืจื™ ื”ื”ืจื™ื. ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืžื•ืฉืœื’ื•ืช (ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืœืžืฉืœ 2013) ืคืชื™ื—ืช ืขื•ื ืช ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื“ื—ื•ืช ืœืชื—ื™ืœืช ื™ื•ืœื™. ื”ืชืืจื™ืš ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื ืœื™ืฆื™ืื” ื”ื•ื 1-15 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™. ืื—ืจ ื›ืš, ื”ืขื•ืžืก ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืžื•ืจื’ืฉ. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ืืœืคื™ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืžืฉืงืœ ืชืจืžื™ืœ ื ืžื•ืš. ื”ืžืฉืงืœ ื”ื ืžื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื—ื–ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœ. ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ื ื•ืช ืžื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื•ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉืฉื•ืžืจ ืœื ื• ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื™ื™ื ืžืคืฆื™ืขื”. ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ AV1 ื ื™ืชืŸ ื•ืืฃ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืžืžืฉืงืœ ื”ืชืจืžื™ืœ ืขื“ ืœืจืžื” ืฉืœ 6-8 ืง"ื’. ืขืœ ืžืฉืงืœ ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืืžื ื ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขื•ื“ 1-2 ืง"ื’ ืžื™ื, ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ื ืชื•ืŸ, ืืš ื‘ืฉื•ื ืžืฆื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœืœื›ืช ืขื ืชืจืžื™ืœ ื”ืฉื•ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž 10 ืง"ื’. ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ. ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืชืจืžื™ืœ. ืœ AV1 ืžืกืคื™ืง ืชืจืžื™ืœ ืฉืœ 40 ืื• 50 ืœื™ื˜ืจ ื•ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืชืจืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ 70-80 ืœื™ื˜ืจ. ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื‘ื™ื’ื•ื“ ื—ื, ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืกื—ื•ื‘ ืกื˜ ืคืœื™ื– ื›ื‘ื“ ืœืื—ืจื™ ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื”ื™ื•ืช ื•ื—ื ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืจืคื™ื•ื’ื™ื ื•ืžืกืคื™ืง ื‘ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืงืœ. ืฉืง ืฉื™ื ื” ืื™ื ื• ื ื—ื•ืฅ ื›ืœืœ ื•ืžืกืคื™ืง ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืกื“ื™ืŸ ืงืœ ืื• ืœื™ื™ื ืจ (ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘) ื•ืœื ืœืกื—ื•ื‘ ืฆื™ืคื” ื›ืคื•ืœื” ืžื›ื•ืชื ื” ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ ืงื™ืœื•. ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื›ืœื™ ืจื—ืฆื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ืžื“ื™. ืฉืžืคื• ืงื˜ืŸ (ื›ื‘ืจ ืจืื™ืชื™ ืžื™ ืฉืกื•ื—ื‘ ืฉืžืคื• ืคื ื˜ืŸ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™). ืกื‘ื•ืŸ ืงื˜ืŸ. ืงืจื ืฉื™ื–ื•ืฃ 40 ื’ืจื (ื ื ืœื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืงืจื ื”ื’ื ื” ืฉืœ ื“"ืจ ืคื™ืฉืจ ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ 400 ื’ืจื). ื“ื™ืื•ื“ื•ืจื ื˜ ื—ืฆื™ ืจื™ืง ื™ืกืคื™ืง ืœ 8 ื™ืžื™ ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื•ืžื’ื‘ืช ืงื˜ื ื˜ื ื” ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืžื’ื‘ืช ื—ื•ืฃ ื›ื‘ื“ื”. ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ืœืืžืฅ ืจืง ืืช ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ. ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืกื—ื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื’ื‘ ืจื•ืžืŸ ืขื‘ ื›ืจืก. ื›ืœ ืงื™ืœื• ืžื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืชื•ืจื’ื ื‘ื”ืจื™ื ืœืกื‘ืœ ื˜ื”ื•ืจ. ืžื™ ืฉืžืชื›ื ืŸ ืœื”ืคื’ื™ืŸ ืื•ืคื ื” ืžื’ื•ื•ื ืช ื‘ืจืคื™ื•ื’ื™, ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื• ืœื”ืชืืคืก ืžื™ื“ ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืจืคื™ื•ื’ ืœื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืชื•ืš ืฉืงื•ืœื™ ืžืฉืงืœ. ืื ื ืžืžื›ื, ืืœ ืชืžืชื™ื ื• ืœืขืœื™ื” ื”ืงืฉื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืงืœ ืชืจืžื™ืœ ื ืžื•ืš. ืชืœืžื“ื• ืžื•ืชื™ืงื™ื!! ื‘ืขื™ื™ืจื” ื•ื™ืœืื‘ืืกื” (Villabassa) ื™ืฉ ื—ื ื•ืช ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ Parkweg 5 ื•ืฉืžื” Egarter Karl. ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืžืคื•ืช ื’ื•ื’ืœ. ื–ืืช ื”ื—ื ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืœืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ. ื‘ืขื™ื™ืจื” ื”ืกืžื•ื›ื” ื“ื•ื‘ื™ืืฆื• (Dobbiaco) ื™ืฉ ื—ื ื•ืช ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ Via Dolomiti 7 ื•ืฉืžื” Italo Sport. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืœืžืกืœื•ืœ ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื ื•ื—ื™ื. ื’ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืœื•ื ื™ ื’ื– ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื”ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื "ืœ. ื”ื‘ืงืชื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืœื•ื ื•ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื™ืงื•ื ืื˜ืจืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืฉื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืงืจื™ื ื’ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื˜ื•ืคื•ื’ืจืคื™ืช. ื”ื‘ืงืชื•ืช ื ืงืจืื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื” ืจื™ืคื™ื•ื’'ื• (ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื - ืจืคื™ื•ื’'ื™) ื•ื”ืŸ ืžืชื—ืœืงื•ืช ืœืฉื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ื: ืจื™ืคื™ื•ื’ื™ ื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช (CAI-Club Alpino Italiano) ื•ืจื™ืคื™ื•ื’ื™ ื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ืช. ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจื™ืคื™ื•ื’ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืœืคืจื˜ื™. ืจื™ืคื™ื•ื’ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™, ื”ืžืชื•ื—ื–ืง ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืืœืคื™ื ื™ ื”ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™, ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืจื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืžื•ื ื™, ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืื•ื‘ื–ืจ ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื’ื ืœืœื ืžืงืœื—ื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืช. ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืชืคืขืœ/ืช (Caretaker) ืฉืœ ื”ืจื™ืคื™ื•ื’ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืœืจื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื—ืžื“ ืžื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจื™ืคื™ื•ื’ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™, ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืช ื”ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื™ื ืฉืชืงื‘ืข ืืช ื”ืขืกืงืชื• ืื• ืื™ ื”ืขืกืงืชื• ื‘ืขื•ื ื” ื”ื‘ืื”. ืจืคื™ื•ื’ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ื–ืจื•ืง ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืœื, ืืœื ื™ืฉื›ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืืคืฉืจื™ ืื ื–ื” ื”ืžื˜ื‘ื— ืื• ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช. ื‘ืจืคื™ื•ื’ ืคืจื˜ื™, ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื™ื–ืจืงื• ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื‘ืœื™ ื”ื–ืžื ื” ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ื‘ื’ืฉื ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ื•ื‘ืœื™ ืœืžืฆืžืฅ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื”ืจืคื™ื•ื’ ืžืœื. ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืงืจืชื™ ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืจืคื™ื•ื’ื™ ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื”ืขื“ืคื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืœืจืคื™ื•ื’ื™ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื, ืืš ืงืฉื” ืœื™ ืœืคืกื•ืง ื—ื“ ืžืฉืžืขื™ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื. ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื”ืจื™ืคื™ื•ื’ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ื•ืœ, ืžื ื•ืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื• ืœืจื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืื™ืŸ ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ ืœื™ื—ืก ื”ื—ื ื•ื”ืœื‘ื‘ื™ ืฉืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ื• ื‘ืœื™ืœื•ืช ื’ืฉื•ืžื™ื. ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืจืคื™ื•ื’ ืคืจื˜ื™ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืงืœื—ืช ื—ืžื” (ืœืจื•ื‘) ืœื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ, ืžืฆืขื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ื, ืฉืžื™ื›ื•ืช ืžืคื ืงื•ืช ื•ืชืคืจื™ื˜ ืžืกืขื“ื” ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™. ื”ืจื™ืคื™ื•ื’ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื•ื“ืจ ื•ืžืฆื™ืข ืœื™ื ื” ื‘ื—ื“ืจื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืื•ื‘ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืจืžื” ืฉืœ 2-3 ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื. 3. ืจืคื™ื•ื’ Lavarella - ืจืคื™ื•ื’ ื”ืžืฉืจื” ืื•ื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ืชื™ืช (ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืคืงื“ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื–ืžื ื” ืžืจืืฉ). ืงืฆืช ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืฆื™ืจ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืฉืงื˜ ื™ื—ืกื™ืช. 4. ืจืคื™ื•ื’ Scotoni - ืจืคื™ื•ื’ ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ื ื”ื“ืจ ื”ืžืžื•ืงื ื‘ืขืžืง ื—ืœื•ืžื™. ืจื—ื‘ืช ืฉื™ื–ื•ืฃ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ื•ื‘ืจื‘ื™ืงื™ื• ื‘ืฆื”ืจื™ื. ื”ืœื™ื ื” ื‘ื—ื“ืจื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืขื ืžืงืœื—ืช. ืื—ื“ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ. 5. ืจืคื™ื•ื’ Lagazuoi - ื”ืจืคื™ื•ื’ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืขื ื ื•ืฃ ืคื ื•ืจืžื™ ืขื•ืฆืจ ื ืฉื™ืžื”. ืžืื•ื“ ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ ืืš ืื—ื“ ื”ืขืžื•ืกื™ื ื‘ื“ื•ืœื•ืžื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืœ ืฉืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืืœื™ื•. ื™ืฉ ืกืื•ื ื” ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื. 6. ืจืคื™ื•ื’ Scoiattoli - ืจืคื™ื•ื’ ื‘ืขืœ ืžื™ืงื•ื ื ืคืœื ื•ืชื ืื™ื ืžืขื•ืœื™ื. ื ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืœ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžืขื˜ ืขืžื•ืก ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื™ื•ื (ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื˜ืขื•ื ืืช ื”ืœื–ื ื™ื”). 7. ืจืคื™ื•ื’ Averau - ื”ืจืคื™ื•ื’ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ (ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืœื•ืžื™ื˜ื™ื) ืขื ื ื•ืฃ ื—ืœื•ืžื™, ืžืกืขื“ืช ืฉืฃ ื•ืชืคืจื™ื˜ ื’ื•ืจืžื” ืขื•ืœืžื™. ื ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืœ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืžื•ืก ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื™ื•ื. 8. ืจืคื™ื•ื’ Albergo Passo Giau - ืžืœื•ืŸ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืžืคื ืง ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืจืžื” ืฉืœ 3* (ื™ืงืจ ื™ื—ืกื™ืช). ื”ืœื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืจืง ื‘ื—ื“ืจื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื. ืขืžื•ืก ื‘ืื•ืคื ื•ืขื ื™ื ื•ืจื•ื›ื‘ื™ ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื™ื•ื. 9. ืจืคื™ื•ื’ Passo Staulanza - ืžืœื•ืŸ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืžืคื ืง ืขื ื—ื“ืจื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื ืื™ื ื•ื™ืงืจื™ื ืืš ื’ื ื“ื•ืจืžื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ื–ื•ืœ ืœืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ืกื•ืš. ื™ืฉ ืกืื•ื ื” ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ืชืฉืœื•ื. 10. ืจืคื™ื•ื’ San Sebastiano ืžืœื•ืŸ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ Passo Duran. ืžืชื”ื“ืจ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ื—ื ื•ืื•ื›ืœ ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ. ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืจืคื™ื•ื’ ื”ื ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื—ืฆื™ ืคื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืขื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื“ื•ืจืžื˜ื•ืจื™ 45-55 ื™ื•ืจื• ืœืื“ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื”ื™ืงืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื ื‘ืจืคื™ื•ื’ื™ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื (ื‘ื“ื•ืจืžื˜ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ 4-6 ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื). ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื“ืจื™ื ื–ื•ื’ื™ื™ื (ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ) ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ื™ืŸ 20-40 ื™ื•ืจื• ืœื–ื•ื’ - ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ืจืคื™ื•ื’. ื‘ืœื™ื ื” ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช (Dormitory) ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื˜ื•ืช ื“ื•-ืงื•ืžืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžื–ืจื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื” ืขื˜ื•ืฃ ืกื“ื™ืŸ, ื›ืจ ื”ื ืชื•ืŸ ื‘ืฆื™ืคื™ืช ื•ืฉืžื™ื›ื•ืช (ืฆืžืจ ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื). ื”ื—ื“ืจื™ื ืขืฆืžื ื—ืžื™ื ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืกื—ื•ื‘ ืฉืง-ืฉื™ื ื” ื•ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ืจืง ืฆื™ืคื” (ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื™ื™ื ืจ) ืฉื›ืŸ ืจืžืช ื ื™ืงื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฆืขื™ื ื‘ืจืคื™ื•ื’ื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจื”, ืืš ืขื•ืฉื” ืจื•ืฉื ืฉื“ื™ ื ืงื™. ื‘ืจืคื™ื•ื’ื™ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœ CAI, ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืจ ื ืขืฉื” ืœืคื™ ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืช. ืœืžื™ื“ืข ืžืคื•ืจื˜, ืจืื” ื“ืฃ ืชืžื—ื•ืจ ืจืคื™ื•ื’ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืœืฉื ืช 2017. ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ ืืœืคื™ื ื™ ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ (ื’ื ื–ื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™) ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื ื—ื” ืฉืœ 50% ืขืœ ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืœื™ื ื” ื‘ืจืคื™ื•ื’ื™ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืืฃ ืœื”ื ื—ื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืขืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืชืคืจื™ื˜ (ืžืจืงื™ื, ืžื™ื, ืชื” ื•ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื). ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ ืืœืคื™ื ื™ ืขื•ืœื” ื› 45 ื™ื•ืจื• ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืจืง ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž 4 ืจืคื™ื•ื’ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ, ืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื‘ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก. ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ื”ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ืงื” ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ื—ื‘ืจ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืจืคื™ื•ื’ื™ ื”ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื. ื›ืกืฃ ืžื–ื•ืžืŸ ืื• ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ ืืฉืจืื™? ื™ื•ืจื• ืื• ื“ื•ืœืจ? ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœ 2017, ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ ืืฉืจืื™ ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืจืคื™ื•ื’ื™, ืื ื›ื™ ื‘ืืœื” ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื, ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืชื™ืงืฉื•ืจืช ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืฉืจืื™. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืฉื™, ืื ื™ ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ืžื–ื•ืžืŸ ื•ืฉื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ื”ืืฉืจืื™ ื™ืฉืžืฉ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœื’ื™ื‘ื•ื™. ืžื™ ืฉื‘ื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืžืฉื™ื›ืช ื›ืกืฃ ืžื›ืกืคื•ืžื˜ื™ื ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืกืคื•ืžื˜ื™ื ืืœื ืจืง ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžืกืœื•ืœ (ืœืžืฉืœ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืงื•ืจื˜ื™ื ื”) ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืจืฆื•ื™ ืœื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื–ื”. ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืœื ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ื•ืืœื” ืฉื›ืŸ, ื™ืชื ื• ืฉืขืจ ื’ืจื•ืข ื‘ื”ืžืจื” ืฉืœ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื™ื•ืจื•. ืœื›ืŸ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืื™ื˜ืœื™ื” ืขื ื™ื•ืจื• ืฉืงื ื™ื ื• ื‘ืืจืฅ. ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืจื‘ ืฉื ื™ื ืžืœืžื“ ืฉื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืงื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืจื• ื‘ืฉืงืœื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ืœื ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ืœื™ื•ืจื• ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”, ื‘ื˜ื— ืœื ื‘ืฉื“ื” ื”ืชืขื•ืคื”! ืžื™ ืฉื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืขื•ื ื” (ืืžืฆืข ื™ื•ื ื™ ื•ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื™ื•ืœื™), ืœื ื ืชืงืœ ื‘ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืžื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื›ืœ ื–ื•ืจื ืžื”ืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœื’ื™ื. ืžื™ ืฉื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ ื•ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชื‘ืกืก, ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื‘ืงืชื•ืช. ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืกื—ื•ื‘ ื› 2 ืœื™ื˜ืจ ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืงืชื” ืœื‘ืงืชื”. ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื, ืฉื”ื‘ืงืชื•ืช ืจื•ืฆื•ืช ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื— ืžืžื›ื™ืจืช ืžื™ื ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื ื‘ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืงื™ื ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืจื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืฆื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืžื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื–ื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉืชื™ื”. ืžื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคื•ืจื•ื ื‘ 10 ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ืขื•ืœื” ืฉื”ืžื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื–ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืงืชื•ืช ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืžืขื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืชื™ื” ื•ืื™ืฉ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ืžื™ื ืžื–ื•ื”ืžื™ื. ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ืงื˜ืขื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ "ื™ื‘ืฉื™ื" ืฉืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœืกื—ื•ื‘ ื‘ื”ื ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื. ื”ืงื˜ืข ื”ื›ื™ ืคืจื•ื‘ืœืžื˜ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœืžื™ ืฉืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืœื›ืช ืžืจืคื™ื•ื’ ืคืื ืก/ืœื”-ื•ืืจืœื” ืขื“ ืœืจืคื™ื•ื’ ืœืื’ื–ื•ื™. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืงื˜ืข ื”ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืžืœื ืžื™ื ืจืง ื‘ืื’ื ืœืื’ื–ื•ื™, ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ื”ืืจื•ืš ืœืจืคื™ื•ื’ ืœืื’ื–ื•ื™. ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ืžื”ืื’ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื˜ื”ืจ/ืœืคืœื˜ืจ ืื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืžืจืืฉ ืœืกื—ื•ื‘ ื‘ืงื˜ืข ื”ื–ื” 3 ืœื™ื˜ืจื™ื ืžื‘ืงืชืช ืคืื ืก. ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื—ืžื•ืช ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืจืคื™ื•ื’ื™ ื•ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืžืกืขื“ื•ืช ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ. ืืช ืืจื•ื—ืช ื”ืขืจื‘ ื•ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืจืคื™ื•ื’ ื‘ื• ืœื ื™ื ื•ืืช ืืจื•ื—ืช ื”ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ืจืคื™ื•ื’ื™ ื‘ื“ืจืš + ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืฆื™ืจื•ืช ืœืงืคื”-ืžืืคื” ื•ืคื™ื ื•ืงื™ื. ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื•ืจื” - ืœื ืžืจื–ื™ื ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ื–ื”, ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ื”ืคื™ืกื™. ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžืื•ื–ื ื™ื. ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื”ื•ื ืื•ืกื˜ืจื™ ืžื•ื‘ื”ืง ืขื ืžื ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ืฆืœ, ื’ื•ืœืืฉ, ืชืคื•ื—ื™ ืื“ืžื” ื•ืคื•ืœื ื˜ื”. ื”ื ื’ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชืคืจื™ื˜ ื”ืŸ ืคืกื˜ื•ืช, ื ื™ื•ืงื™ ื•ืžืจืง ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืจื•ื ื” ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื™ ืฉื‘ื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื–ืœื™ืœืช ืคื™ืฆื•ืช ื•ืงืœื–ื•ื ื”, ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื”ืชืื›ื–ื‘ ื›ื™ ื‘ืืฃ ืจืคื™ื•ื’ ืœื ืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ! ืœื ื• ื›ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื, ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืชืจื’ืœ ืœืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื”ื™ืจืงื•ืช ื‘ืžื˜ื‘ื— ื”ืื•ืกื˜ืจื™. ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื›ืฉื”ื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื‘ืฆื“ ืงืฆืช ื—ืกื”. ื’ื ืžื™ ืฉื™ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืกืœื˜ ื›ืžื ื” ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช, ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืฉืœื ื™ื–ื™ืœ ืจื™ืจ ื‘ืฆื™ืคื™ื” ืœืฆืœื—ืช ื’ื“ื•ืฉื” ืžื›ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื’ื™ื ื”. 2 ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืจื™ ื—ืชื•ื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืฆืข ืจื“ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื—ืกื”, ื ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืœืกืœื˜ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืจื™. ืžื” ืฉื›ืŸ, ื‘ืจืคื™ื•ื’ื™ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื’ื™ืฉื• ืชืžื™ื“ ืœืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช ื•ื’ื‘ื™ื ืช ืคืจืžื–ืŸ ืžื’ื•ืจื“ืช. ื–ื” ื›ืฉืœืขืฆืžื• ืคื™ื ื•ืง ืœื ืจืข ืขื ื”ืœื—ื. ืืคืจื•ืœ ืฉืคืจื™ืฅ ื‘ืžืจืคืกืช ืฉืœ ืจืคื™ื•ื’ ืœืื’ื–ื•ื™. ื”ืžืจืขื ืŸ ื”ืจืฉืžื™ ืฉืœ ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื” (ืฆื™ืœื•ื: ื’ืœ ืฉืœื• 2018). ื ื• ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ื˜ื™ืจื•ืœ ืขื ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ืช ืฉืจืฆื™ื ื•ื—ื–ื™ืจื•ื ื™ื ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื˜ื‘ื— ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื›ืฉืจ ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืฉื. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืคื™ื•ื’ื™ ืžื ื•ืช ืฆืžื—ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืžืฉื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืืฃ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™ืฆืœ ื”ื•ื™ื ืื™ ืžื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ืงืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™. ื‘ืืจื•ื—ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื‘ืจืคื™ื•ื’ื™ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื” ืœืžืฆื ืœืฆื“ ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื ื•ืช ื’ื ื ืงื ื™ืง ืขื ืชื• ื›ืฉืจื•ืช, ืืš ื‘ืจื™ืคื™ื•ื’ื™ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืืจื•ื—ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืžืœื—ื, ื—ืžืื”, ืจื™ื‘ื” ื•ืงืคื” ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื ื‘ืขื™ืช ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ืžื”ื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœ. ืจืคื™ื•ื’ Tissi - ืจืคื™ื•ื’ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืœื”ื—ืจื™ื“ ื•ืื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ ืžื™ื ื•ืก, ืืš ื‘ืขืœ ืžื™ืงื•ื ื ืคืœื ื•ื‘ืขืœืช ื‘ื™ืช ืื ืจื’ื˜ื™ืช. ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืขืœื•ืช ืขื“ ืœืฆืœื‘ ื”ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื” (ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืžืงื•ืจ ืจืฉืช). ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ื ื•ื— ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื’ืขื” (ืœื“ื•ืœื•ืžื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื•ืœืžืกืœื•ืœ ื‘ืคืจื˜), ื‘ื˜ื™ืกื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื™ืจ ื•ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื” (*ืจืื• ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš) ื”ืžืจื•ื—ืงืช ื› 250 ืง"ืž ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื‘ืื’ื ื‘ืจืื™ืก. ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืชืœื ื›ืกืคื™ืช ืœื˜ื•ืก ื‘ื–ื•ืœ ืœืžื™ืœื ื• ื”ื ืžืฆืืช ื› 190 ืง"ืž ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ืจื•ื ื” ื•ืžืฉื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช ื“ืจืš ื•ืจื•ื ื”. ืื•ืคืฆื™ื™ืช ื”ื’ืขื” ื ื•ื—ื” ื•ืžื•ืžืœืฆืช ื ื•ืกืคืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืจ ืžื™ื ื›ืŸ ื”ืจื—ื•ืงื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื› 330 ืง"ืž (ืจืง 80 ืง"ืž ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื•ืจื•ื ื”). ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ืกื” ืœื ื™ืฉื™ืจื” (ื“ืจืš ื•ื™ื ื”, ืขื ื—ื‘ืจืช Austrian Airlines) ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืขื™ืจ ืื™ื ืกื‘ืจื•ืง (Innsbruck) ืฉืจื—ื•ืงื” ืžื”ืื’ื ืจืง 135 ืง"ืž. ื–ื” ื”ื›ื™ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืฉืืคืฉืจ. *ื”ืขืจื” 1: ืžืื‘ื™ื‘ 2014 ืžืคืขื™ืœื” ืืœืขืœ ืงื• ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืœื•ื ืฆื™ื”. ื–ื• ืื•ืคืฆื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ื’ืขื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ืฉื›ื•ืจ. ื‘ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ืฉื›ื•ืจ, ื–ื” ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืกื•ืจื‘ืœ (3 ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื). *ื”ืขืจื” 2: ืžืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2017 ืžื•ืฆื™ืื” ื—ื‘ืจืช ืื™ื–ื™ื’ื˜ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื˜ื™ืกื•ืช ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื•ืช ืœื•ื ืฆื™ื” (ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ื•ืฉื‘ืช) ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื”. ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืœืจื•ื‘ ื–ื•ืœื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืžืืœืขืœ. *ื”ืขืจื” 3: ื—ื‘ืจืช Ryanair ื˜ืกื” ืžืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืขื™ืจ ื‘ืจื’ืžื• ืฉืœื™ื“ ืžื™ืœื ื•. ื”ื˜ื™ืกื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื”ืŸ ืœืจื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ื–ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช. ื”ื˜ื™ืกื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืกื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื•ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืืœืขืœ, ื”ืŸ ืœืจื•ื‘ ื“ื™ ื™ืงืจื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ืœืขื™ืจ ื”ื ื”ื“ืจืช ื”ื–ืืช ื˜ืกื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ื ื”ืงื™ืฅ (ื™ื•ืœื™-ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜) ื’ื ืฉืชื™ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฆ'ืจื˜ืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื•ืช (ืืจืงื™ืข, ื™ืฉืจืื™ื™ืจ) ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ื•ืช: ื ืื•ืก Neos, ืžืจื™ื“ื™ืื ื” Meridiana ื•ืื™ืจ ื“ื•ืœื•ืžื™ื˜ื™ Air dolomiti. ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืฉืœื ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื˜ืกื•ืช ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื•ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” (ืœืžืฉืœ, ืžืจื™ื“ื™ืื ื” ื•ืื™ืจ-ื“ื•ืœื•ืžื™ื˜ื™ ืœื ื˜ืกื• ืžืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช) ื•ืจื•ื‘ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืฆ'ืจื˜ืจ ื”ื–ืจื•ืช ืžื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงื• ื”ื™ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื ืžื•ืš. ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2006-12 ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืงื ื•ืช ืืช ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืกื” ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืจื’ืข ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื˜ื™ืกื•ืช ื”ืฆ'ืจื˜ืจ ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจื“ื™ื ืคืœืื™ื ื‘ื”ื–ืžื ื•ืช ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืงืฆืจ. ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ืฉืžื—ื™ืจื• ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืžืขืœ $500 ืขืฉื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืœืจื“ืช ืžืชื—ืช ืœืจืฃ ื” $200 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืžื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ื˜ื™ืกื”, ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื• ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื™ื• ืžื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืคื˜ืจ ืžื”ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื. ืœืฆืขืจื™, ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื”ื–ืืช ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœืขื‘ืจ ื•ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช (2013-18) ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืจื™ื“ืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ืช ื‘ื”ื–ืžื ื•ืช ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืงืฆืจ. ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ืœื“ื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจื’ืข ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื•ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืžืจืืฉ ืืช ื”ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื ื‘ืชืืจื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืจืฆื•ื™ื™ื. ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื˜ื™ืกื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื•ืจื•ื ื” ื ืข ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื” $400-450. ืžืฉื“ื” ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื™ืฉ ืœืงื—ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ืœืชื—ื ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ืฉืœ ื•ืจื•ื ื” (Verona Porta Nuova) ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžื”ืฉื“ื” ื›ืœ 20 ื“ืงื•ืช ืž 05:35 ื•ืขื“ 23:35 (ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื”ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืจืง ืขื“ ื”ืฉืขื” 20:30). ืชื—ื ืช ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ืžืžื•ืงืžืช ื› 50 ืžื˜ืจ ืžืฆื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืžื”ื˜ืจืžื™ื ืœ. ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ืœืชื—ื ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื‘ื•ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื•ื 15 ื“ืงื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ 6 ื™ื•ืจื• (2019). ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื ืžืจืืฉ. ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืกื›ื•ื ืžื“ื•ื™ืง. ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืฉืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ืœืจืฉื•ืชื›ื ืจืง 7 ื“ืงื•ืช!! ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ ื”ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช. ื›ืœ ื”ืชืžื”ืžื”ื•ืช ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื” ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ื”ืžืฉืš ื•ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ืžื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ื’ืขื” ืœื•ื™ืœืื‘ืืกื”. ืขืœ ื”ืงื• ืžื•ืจื•ื ื” ืคื•ืขืœืช ืจื›ื‘ืช ืืงืกืคืจืก ื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžืืกืคืช. ื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ื ืžืฉื›ืช ื› 03:40 ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ืืงืกืคืจืก ื•ืžืขืœ 4 ื‘ืžืืกืคืช. ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืœืจื•ื›ืฉื™ื ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื ืžืจืืฉ ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช. 1. ืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืจื— ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืžืจืืฉ ืืช ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ ื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื‘ืงื•ืคื” ื‘ืชื—ื ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ืงื•ืคื”. ืžื™ ืฉื˜ืก ืœื•ื ืฆื™ื” ื‘ื˜ื™ืกื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืœืขืœ/ืื™ื–ื™ื’'ื˜ ืฉื ื•ื—ืชื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืžืฉื“ื” ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ืœืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื. ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ืงื• 29 (ืœื•"ื– 2019) ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ATV ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื“ื” ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ื•ื ืฆื™ื” ื‘ืฉืขื” 10:30 ื•ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืชื—ื ืช ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืงื•ืจื˜ื™ื ื” ื‘ืฉืขื” 12:35. ืžื™ ืฉื ื•ื—ืช ืื—ืจ ื”ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื ื‘ื•ื ืฆื™ื”, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืคื•ืก ืืช ืื—ื“ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช Flixbus ืฉื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื“ื” ื‘ืฉืขื” 18:55. ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืœื•ื— ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉืœ Flixbus ืœืชืืจื™ืš ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™' ืชื–ื™ื ื• Venice Airport=>Cortina d'Ampezzo). ืžื”ืชื—ื ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ื‘ืงื•ืจื˜ื™ื ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช SAD (ืงื• 445) ืœืขื™ืจ ื“ื•ื‘ื™ืืฆื• (Dobbiaco) ื•ืžืฉื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื” ื—ื‘ืจืช SAD (ืงื• 442) ืขื“ ืœืื’ื ื‘ืจืื™ืก ื“ืจืš ื”ืขื™ื™ืจื” ื•ื™ืœืื‘ืืกื” (Villabassa). ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื ื“ื™ ืžืกื•ื ื›ืจื ื™ื ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื ื›ืš ืฉืžื™ ืฉืœื•ืงื— ืื•ืชื ื‘ืจืฆืฃ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืื’ื ื‘ืจืื™ืก ื‘ืขืจืš ื‘ืฉืขื” 14:30, ื–ืžืŸ ืžืขื˜ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื™ ืœืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื”. ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืฉื’ื ื—ื‘ืจืช ืงื•ืจื˜ื™ื ื” ืืงืกืคืจืก ื ื•ืกืขืช ืžืฉื“ื” ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื‘ื•ื ืฆื™ื” ืœืขื™ืจ ืงื•ืจื˜ื™ื ื”. ืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉืœื” "ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื" (ืจืง ืื—ืจื”"ืฆ) ืื‘ืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉืœื”ื ืื—ืจื™ ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืงื™ืฅ ืฉืžืชืคืจืกืžื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืžืื™ (ืœื ืœื‘ืœื‘ืœ ืื ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ). ืž Villabassa ื™ืฉ ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก (ืงื• 442 => 4 ื™ื•ืจื•) ืœืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ืžืœื•ืŸ Pragser ื‘ืื’ื ื‘ืจืื™ืก (Lago di Braies) ืื• ืฉืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืžื•ื ื™ืช (10 ื“ืงื•ืช-25 ื™ื•ืจื•). ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื›ื™ื›ืจ Von Kurz ื‘ Villabassa ืœืคื™ ืœื•ื— ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉืœ 2019. ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ืฉืขื” 07:09 ื•ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืขื” 19:09. ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืฉืฉื ื™ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ื, ืžืฉื•ื ืžื”, ืชื—ื ื” ืื—ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืื’ื. ืจืง ืžืฉืขื” 08:09 ื•ืขื“ 18:09 ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืชื—ื ื” ื”ืกื•ืคื™ืช ื‘ืื’ื. * ื”ืขืจื”: ื”ื—ืœ ืžืงื™ืฅ 2013 ื ื•ืกืคื” ืจื›ื‘ืช ื‘ืฉืขื” 11:02. ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ื–ืืช ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœื•ื™ืœืื‘ืกื” ื‘ืฉืขื” 14:29 ื•ืžืคื—ื™ืชื” ืžื—ื•ื–ืง ื”ื”ืžืœืฆื” ื”ื "ืœ ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืื’ื. ื”ื›ื™ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืœื•ืŸ ืคืจื’ืกืจ (Hotel Lago di Braies) ื‘ืื’ื ื‘ืจืื™ืก ื•ืœื ืฆืœ ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื’ืขื” ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืื’ื ื•ืจื—ืฆื”. ืื’ื ื‘ืจืื™ืก ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืคื ื™ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืœื•ืžื™ื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืคื™ื•. ืžื™ ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ืœืื’ื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื•ืœื—ื•ืฅ ืœืœื›ืช, ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืกืคื•ื’ ื•ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ื™ื•ืคื™ ื”ื ื“ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืื’ื. ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ. ื”ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืœื”ื ืื” ื•ืœื ืœื”ืกืคืง. ืžื™ ืฉืœื ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžืงื•ื ืคื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืœื•ืŸ ืคืจื’ืกืจ (ื”ืžืœื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ืื’ื) ืื• ืฉื–ื” ืงืฆืช ื™ืงืจ ืœื• (ื—ืฆื™ ืคื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื–ื•ื’ื™ ื™ืขืœื” ื‘ืขื•ื ื” ื› 60-70 ื™ื•ืจื• ืœืื“ื), ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžืœื•ืŸ ืื• ืคื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืงืฆืจ ืžื”ืื’ื ืื• ื‘ื•ื™ืœืื‘ืืกื” ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืœืžื—ืจืช ืœืื’ื ืœืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื”. ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช ืœื™ื ื” ืœื ืจื—ื•ืง ืžื”ืื’ื. ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ื‘ืžืคื” ื”ื–ืืช. ืื ื™ ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ื’ืกื˜ื”ืื•ืก ื”ื–ื” ืฉืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืื’ื. ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืฉื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืœื•ื ื•ืช ืกื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืงื™ืฅ ื•ื—ืœืง ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื 3 ืœื™ืœื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืฆื™ื•ืช ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืœื™ืœื” ืื—ื“. ืžืœื•ืŸ Emma ื‘ื•ื™ืœืื‘ืกื” (Villabassa) ื”ื•ื ืžืœื•ืŸ *3 ืคื™ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื˜ ืจืฆื™ื ื™ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืคื•ืจื•ื ืžืฉืชื™ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื ืฆื—ื•ืช, ื”ื•ื ื–ื•ืœ ื•ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ืœืื’ื ืขื•ืฆืจ ืœื™ื“ื•. ื’ื ืžืœื•ืŸ Adler ื‘ื•ื™ืœืื‘ืกื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ, ืจืง ืฉื”ื•ื *4 ื•ืขื•ืœื” ื›ืคื•ืœ ืžืืžื”. ื”ื›ื™ ื ื•ื— ื™ื”ื™ื”, ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืœื•ืŸ ืคืจื’ืกืจ ืžืžืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืื’ื. ื”ืžืœื•ืŸ ืงืฆืช ื™ืฉืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื ื•ืฃ ืžื•ืฉืœื ืœืื’ื, ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื• ืกื‘ื™ืจ (ื. ืขืจื‘ ื—ืœืฉื”, ื. ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืžืขื•ืœื”) ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืืจื•ื—ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžืžื ื• ื™ืฉืจ ืœืžืกืœื•ืœ. ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืฉืžืœื•ืŸ ืคืจื’ืกืจ ืœื ืžืืคืฉืจ ื”ื–ืžื ืช ืœื™ืœื” ืื—ื“ ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก "ื—ืฆื™ ืคื ืกื™ื•ืŸ" ืืœื ืจืง ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœื™ื ื” ื•ืืจื•ื—ืช ื‘ื•ืงืจ (ื”ื•ื ืžืชื ื” "ื—ืฆื™ ืคื ืกื™ื•ืŸ" ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื ื”ื–ืžื ื” ืœ 3 ื™ืžื™ื). ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ืœืžืœื•ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ืงื‘ืœื” ืืช ื”ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ "ื—ืฆื™ ืคื ืกื™ื•ืŸ" ืื ื”ื•ื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ. ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืžืœื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื“ืจืš ืืชืจื™ื ื›ืžื• Booking.com ืื• TripAdvisor, ืื– ื’ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื”ืŸ "Lago di Braies" ื• "Villabassa". ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืฉืจืง ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“ ืžืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ืœื™ื ื” ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื“ืจืš ืืชืจ ื‘ื•ืงื™ื ื’. ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื’ืกื˜ื”ืื•ืกื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืœื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ืขืฆืžืื™ืช ื•ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช. ื–ืืช ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื ื•ื—ื” ื•ื’ื ืžืฉืชืœืžืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ 3 ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื’ืขื” ื•ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื ืขื•ืœื” ื› 100 ื™ื•ืจื• ืœืžื˜ื™ื™ืœ. ืžื™ ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ืœืื’ื ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ืฉื›ื•ืจ* ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื—ื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื—ื ื™ื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ืฉืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืชื—ื•ื ื”ืื’ื (6 ืื™ืจื• ืœื™ื•ื). ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœื—ื ื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืื’ื ื”ื™ื ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืฉืœ 12 ืื™ืจื• ืœื™ื•ื (ืœืžื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ืžืœื•ืŸ ืคืจื’ืกืจ). ื™ืฉ ืฉืขืจ ืขื ืฉื•ืžืจ ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืื’ื. ื”ื—ื ื™ื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื ืžืฆืืช ื› 100 ืž' ืžื”ืฉืขืจ ื•ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืื—ืช ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืจื•ื—ืงืช ืžื”ืื’ื. ื”ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื•ืช ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื•ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉืฉ ืœืคืจื™ืฆืช ื”ืจื›ื‘. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื—ื•ืง ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื™ื“ื•ืข ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื ืžืฉืื™ืจื™ื ืืฃ ืคืขื ืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื›ื‘. ืืช ื”ื›ืœ ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืชื ื”ืžื˜ืขืŸ. ืžืื•ื“ ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ืฉื›ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื”ืื’ื. ื™ืฉ ืฉื ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืื ืœื ืžืื•ืช ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื•ื—ืœืงื ื ืฉืืจื™ื ืฉื ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืืจื•ื›ื”. * ืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื•ื’ื ื›ืกืฃ, ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื• ืœื”ื—ื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื—ื ื™ื” ื”ื—ื™ื ืžื™ืช ืœื™ื“ ืชื—ื ืช ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก (ืงื• 442) ื‘ื•ื™ืœืื‘ืืกื”. ื•ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืืœื™ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื—ืช ืจื›ื‘ืช ืœืขื™ื™ืจื” ืงืœืœื–ื• (Calalzo) ื•ืžืฉื ืœืงื—ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ืงื• 30 ืœืขื™ืจ ืงื•ืจื˜ื™ื ื”, ืžืจื—ืง ืฉืœ ื›ืฉืขื” ื ืกื™ืขื”. ืžืงื•ืจื˜ื™ื ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช SAD (ืงื• 445) ืœืขื™ืจ ื“ื•ื‘ื™ืืฆื• (Dobbiaco) ื•ืžืฉื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื” ื—ื‘ืจืช SAD (ืงื• 442) ืœืื’ื ื‘ืจืื™ืก. ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ื (ื‘ื™ืจื•ืง) ื•ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื (ื‘ื›ืชื•ื) ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืงื•ืจื˜ื™ื ื”. ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืฉื›ื•ืจ ืœื™ื•ื ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ (ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื™ื•ืกื™ ืงืœืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžืคื”). ืžื™ ืฉืœื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืกื—ื•ื‘ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื’ื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืงืชื•ืช ืฉืžืฆื™ืขื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช. ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื ืข ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช 50 ืื™ืจื• ืœื™ื•ื (ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื”ืงืคืฆืช ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืื—ืช ืžื‘ืงืชื” ืœื‘ืงืชื” ื”ื‘ืื”). ื”ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื ื•ื—ื” ื•ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื”ืงืคืฆื•ืช ืžืชื—ืœืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”. ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžืกืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืงื˜ืข ื˜ื›ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืื ื›ื™ืช ืขืœ ื™ืชื“ื•ืช ื•ืกื•ืœืžื•ืช ื‘ืจื–ืœ (ื•ื™ื” ืคืจืื˜ื” ืžืจืžื•ืœ-ืจืื” ื”ืขืจื” ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœ "ื•ื™ื” ืคืจืื˜ื”"). ืงื˜ืข ื”ืกื™ื•ื ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื•ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืจืง ืœืžื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืžื ื•ืกื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืžืชืื™ื. ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืœืื’ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืงื˜ืข ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืชื—ื ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ืœ Belluno. ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ืื•ื’ืคื•ืช ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืจืฉืžื™ ื•ื‘ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ื‘ืฉื™ืจืฉื•ืจ ื–ื”. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงืœื™ื“ "Pragser Wildsee" ื‘ื—ืœื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืžืฆื“ ืฉืžืืœ (ืื™ืคื” ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ืช: ?Wo willst du hin), ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื‘ืื’ื ื‘ืจืื™ืก. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืงืฆืช ืืช ื”ืžืคื” (ืœื—ืฆืŸ + ืžืฆื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืœืžื˜ื” ื‘ืžืคื” ืื• ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื›ืคืชื•ืจ ื”ื’ืœื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื›ื‘ืจ) ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืคื” ื‘ืจื–ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”. ืœืฆืขืจื™, ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ืงื•ืžืคืก ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ื‘ืฉื ืช 2018 ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ืจืžืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคื” ืจืง ื‘ื’ืจืกืช ืคืจื• ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื. ื‘ื’ืจืกื” ื”ื—ื™ื ืžื™ืช ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ืžืกืคืจื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ื, ืืš ืฉืžืจื ื• ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ืฉืจื•ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืžืคื” ื‘ื’ืจืกื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช (ืฉื•ื‘ ืชื•ื“ื” ืœ Chenav ืขืœ ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื”). ื™ื•ืฆื ืฉื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืžืกื•ืžืŸ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื•ืคื ื™ื: ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™, ืžืฉื•ืœืฉื™ AV ื•ืžืกืคืจื™ื. ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืžืกื•ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื•ื”ืžืจื•ื•ื— ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ื ื•ื— ืœืžืขืงื‘ ื’ื ื‘ืขืจืคืœ. Via Ferrata ื”ื•ื ืงื˜ืข ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืงืฉื” ืœืžืขื‘ืจ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื• ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืกื•ืœืžื•ืช, ื™ืชื“ื•ืช ื•ื›ื‘ืœื™ ื‘ืจื–ืœ. ืงื˜ืข ื›ื–ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ (ืงืกื“ื”, ืจืชืžื” ืžืื•ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื•ื›ืคืคื•ืช) ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœื›ื•ืœื. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื”ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ื "ืœ ืœื ื ื“ืจืฉ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืงื˜ืข ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืžืกื•ืžืŸ ื‘ืžืคื” ื‘ืฆืœื‘ื™ื. ืจืง ืงื˜ืขื™ื ืฉืžืขืœื™ื”ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืฉื ืฉืœ ืคืจืื˜ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื•ื’ื ื–ื” ืœื ืชืžื™ื“. ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืžืคื” ืงื˜ืขื™ื ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื ื‘ืฆืœื‘ื™ื, ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคืจืื˜ื”, ืžืฉืžืข ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืงื˜ืข ื”ืงืฉื” ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื•ื ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืื‘ื˜ื—ื”. ืœืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืคืจืื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืงื•ืจื˜ื™ื ื”, ืขื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ื‘ื: ื•ื™ื” ืคืจืื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ืงื•ืจื˜ื™ื ื” (ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืฉื’ื™ื ื—ืžืžื” ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ). ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจื™ ืจืง ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืœ, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืื’ื ื‘ืจืื™ืก ื•ืขื“ ืคืืกื• ื’ื™ืื•. ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืจืคื™ื•ื’ื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื ืกื’ืจื™ื ื‘ 20 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช ืœื™ื ื” ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื•ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™. ื”ื”ืชื—ืžืžื•ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ื“ื—ืงื” ืืช ื‘ื•ื ื”ืกืชื™ื• ื•ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื‘ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ, ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ืœื™ื›ื”. ื‘ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืฉื ื™, ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื• ื™ืฆื™ื‘, ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืฆื•ื ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ืœื•ืช ืžืชื—ืช ืœืืคืก ื•ืฉืœื’ื™ื ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื ืœืจื“ืช. ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืข-ืกื•ืฃ ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ ืœืžืื•ื“ ืœื ืžื•ืžืœืฆืช. ืงืฉื” ืœื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืืคื™ืœื• ืขืœ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืื—ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœื‘ื–ื‘ื– ื›ืกืฃ ืขืœ ืกืคืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืœ. ื”ืื™ื ืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืคื•ืจื•ื ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื›ืžื” ืจืžื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืกืคืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื” AV1. ื”ืื™ื ืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ื‘ืคื•ืจื ื’ื ืžืชืขื“ื›ื ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ. ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืฉืงื•ืจืื™ื ืืช ื”ืคื•ืจื•ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืจืง ืขืœ ืคื™ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ืชืืžื™ื ื• ืœื™ ืฉืจืžืช ื”ื™ื“ืข ื•ื”ืžื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื™ื ืœืœื ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืžื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืžื”ืขื•ืœื. ืื– ืชื—ืกื›ื• ืœืขืฆืžื›ื ืืช ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื” ื”ืžื™ื•ืชืจืช ืขืœ ืกืคืจื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืฉืœ ืกื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ื•ืื—ืจื™ื. ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช. ืงื—ื• ืžืคื•ืช + ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช + ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืจืคื™ื•ื’ื™ื ื•ืืชื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืกื•ื“ืจื™ื. ื”ืื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ืงืžืช ืื•ื”ืœื™ื ืชืงืฃ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืœื•ืžื™ื˜ื™ื ืื• ืจืง ื‘ืฉืžื•ืจื•ืช?
ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคื™ืœื˜ืจื™ื ื”ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื• ืœืจื“ืช. ืื‘ืœ - ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื›ื“ืื™ ืœืงื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื–ื”. ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื - ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคื™ืœื˜ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืชืงืŸ HEPA. ืขื ื”ื”ืฉืงื” ืฉืœ 2H ื™ืฆื ืคื™ืœื˜ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืŸ HEPA. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ื 6-12 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืขื•ืžืช 3-6 ื‘ื™ืฉื ื™ื. ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉื”ืคื™ืœื˜ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืชื•ืื ื’ื ืœื“ื’ื ื”ืงื•ื“ื. ืœื ืžืฆืืชื™ ืขื•ื“ ืืช ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ 2H ืœ-2S. ืœืžื™ ืคื” ื™ืฉ ืืช ืžื˜ื”ืจ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ? ื”ืื ืืชื ืžืจื•ืฆื™ื? @|nati321 ืชืชื—ื“ืฉ! ืืคืฉืจ ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžืื™ืคื” ืงื ื™ืช ื•ืื™ื–ื” ื“ื’ื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ? ืื ื™ ื’ื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืงื ื•ืช ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœื™(ื—ืœื•ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง ืœืื™ื•ื•ืจืจ.. ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ืค ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืžื—ื ืง. ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื‘ืง ืฉืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ. ื•ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืžื‘ืฉืœื™ื ืื– ืœื•ืงื— ืœืจื™ื— ืฉื ื” ืœื”ืขืœื) ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืงื ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื—ื™ืคื•ืช ืžื•ืฆืจ ื›ื–ื”. ืœืคื™ ื”ืฉืจืฉื•ืจ ืคื” ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืœื›ืช ืขืœ ื”2s ื•ืื ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืื™ืœืช 380 ื–ื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืฉืœื™. ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื’ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื‘ืœ ืจืง ืื ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื•ื” ืืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ.. ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”! ื“ื’ื 2H - ืžืกื ืŸ ืžืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” H13 ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ืกื™ื ื•ืŸ 99.95% ืžื”ื—ืœืงื™ืงื™ื. ื“ื’ื 2S ื•ืคืจื• - ืžืกื ืŸ ืžืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” E12 ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ืกื™ื ื•ืŸ 99.5% ืžื”ื—ืœืงื™ืงื™ื. ื–ื” ืœื ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœืžื” ื‘ื“ื’ื ื”ืžื•ื–ืœ ื™ืฉ ืคื™ืœื˜ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ (HEPA) ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉืืจ ื”ื“ื’ืžื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœ ื“ื’ื 3 ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ืžืฉื•ืคืจ ืฉื™ืฆื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•. ื•ืื ืชื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ื”ืคื™ืœื˜ืจ ืฉืœ 2H ืื– ื”ื ืœื ื™ื–ื”ื• ืฉื”ื›ื ืกืช ืคื™ืœื˜ืจ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ื™ืขื‘ื•ื“ ืœืš ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ื“ื’ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื‘ืœื™ ืฆื’ ื‘ืœื™ ื‘ืงืจืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืคื™ืœื˜ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืžืกื ืŸ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”. ื‘ืืžืช ?ืžื” ื”ืงื˜ืข ? ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ, ื”ืคื™ืœื˜ืจื™ื ืฉืœ 2h ืœื ืชื•ืืžื™ื ื•ื”ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื™ืฆืื• ืœืžื›ื™ืจื”. ืื™ืคื” ืงื•ื ื™ื ืคื™ืœื˜ืจ ืœ2h? @|nati321 ืื‘ืœ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”2s ื™ืงืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ! ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื”ืชืฆื•ื’ื”.. ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื–ืืช ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืžืฉืžื™ื“ ืื•ืชื. @|sagilevi ืืชื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”2h ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžื”2s ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืืชืจื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ื”2s ืžืชื•ืžื—ืจ ื™ืงืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ? ืžื” ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื–ื”? ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘ ื›ืžื” ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื ื™ืงื•ื™ ื”ื–ื” ? ืžื” ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื” Purifier pro ? ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ืœื, ื•ืื ื–ื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืื™ื–ื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืื– ืื•ืœื™ ืžืžืฉ ืžื™ื ื•ืจื™. ืขื•ื–ืจ ื‘ืžื ื™ืขืช ืœื—ื•ืช ? ื”ืคื™ืœื˜ืจ ื”ื™ืจื•ืง ืื• ื”ืคื™ืœื˜ืจ ื”ืกื’ื•ืœ ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืœ2H ืื• ืฉื–ื” ื’ื“ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื? ืœื“ืขืชื™ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืจื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ืื‘ืง ื›ื•ืœื ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ. ื”ืกื’ื•ืœ ืžืกื ืŸ ื’ื ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ื•ื”ื™ืจื•ืง ืคื•ืจืžืœื”ื™ื“. ืชื•ื“ื” ื•ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืื‘ืง ืžื™ ืžืกื ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœืš ? ื•ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืจื™ื—ื•ืช , ื”ืกื ืŸ ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืจืžื” ื›ืžื• ื”ื™ืจื•ืง ื•ื”ืกื’ื•ืœ ? ื”ืื ื”ื™ืจื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžื”ืกื’ื•ืœ ื‘ื“ืงืช ? ืœืจื™ื—ื•ืช ืœื ื ืขื™ืžื™ื ื•ืœืื‘ืง ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ? "ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื—ื›ื” ืœืžืกื ืŸ HEPA ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ืœื ืœื—ื•ืฅ. ื”ืฉืืœื” ืื ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœื”ืชืคืชื•ืช ืœืžื—ื™ืจ ื•ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”HEPA ืฉืœ ื”2H ืื• ืœืงื—ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”2s? ืืชื ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื’ื ืืช ื’ืจืกื” 3? ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืื ื‘ื’ืจืกื” 3 ื”ืคื™ืœื˜ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืž-2H? ืœืžื” ืขืฉื• ืฉ-2H ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ? ืžื” ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ? ื™ืฉ ืฆืคื™ ื”ื’ืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคื™ืœื˜ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื•ืžื—ื™ืจ? ื›ืจื’ืข ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื–ื” ืจืง ื”ืคื™ืœื˜ืจ ืฉืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ืขืจื›ื” ืžืกื•ื’ ืื—ื“. ืชื•ื“ื” @derfler . ืœื ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ื–ื” ืžื”ืคื™ืœื˜ืจื™ื ื–ื” ื”ืคื™ืœื˜ืจ HEPA ืฉืžืชืื™ื ืœื“ื’ื 2H. ืจืื™ืชื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืกื’ื•ืœ ื•ืจืื™ืชื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ื™ืจื•ืง ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืื•ืžื™. ื”ืื ื–ื” ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื? ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืงื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคื™ืœื˜ืจ... ืžืงืก' ื”ื‘ื ื™ื”ื™ื” HEPA. ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™,ื–ื” ืžืืจื™ืš ืœื• ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ื”ื™ื™ ื”ืื ื”ื“ืคื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืžื•ื ืขื™ื ืžื”ืคื™ืœื˜ืจ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื‘ืง ื•ื›ืš ืœืฉืžืจ ืื•ืชื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ ? @|nati321 ื—ื“ ืžืฉืžืขื™ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืื‘ืง. ืงื ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื“ืคื™ื ื›ืืœื” ืฉืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืœืคื™ืœื˜ืจ ืฉื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ืœื‘ืŸ ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ืžืœืื™ื ื‘ืื‘ืง . @ZtavZ ืื ืชื‘ื“ื•ืง ื‘ืœื™ื ืง ื”ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ ืื– ื‘ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ ืžื•ืฆืจ ืชืžืฆื ืืช ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืจืขืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ 32 ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื ื”- 66 ื“ืฆื™ื‘ืœื™ื ืฉืฆื™ื™ื ืช. ืœื“ืขืชื™ ืฉื™ืื•ืžื™ ืฆื•ื—ืงื™ื ืขืœื™ื ื•, ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” 5 ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืžื” ืงื•ืจื”, ืžื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื“ืฉ, ืžื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘. ืื™ืš ื”ื•ืฆืืชื ื’ืจืกื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื™ืจื•ืง ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื HEPA? ืฉื”ื•ื ื–ื”ื” ื›ื ืจืื” ืื‘ืœ ืขื ืคื™ืœื˜ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘. ืขื•ืฆืžืช ืจืขืฉ ื–ื” 28db ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื™ื ื”. @|ืžื•ื˜ื™70 ืื™ืคื” ืจืื™ืช ืขื•ืฆืžืช ืจืขืฉ 32db? ื‘ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื™ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ "ืžืชื—ืช ืœ-66db" ื•ืžื” ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืจื•ืง ืœืกื’ื•ืœ? ื™ืฉ ืชื—ืœื™ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื HEPA, ื™ืฉ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืœื–ื” ืฉืชื—ืœื™ืคื™ ? ืžื” ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื’ื•ืœ ืœื™ืจื•ืง ? ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื‘-Banggood ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืขื ืงื•ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืžื™ ืื‘ืœ ื”ื”ืคืจืฉ ื–ื ื™ื— ื›ื‘ืจ. ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื—ื›ื” ืœืžืกื ืŸ HEPA ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ืœื ืœื—ื•ืฅ. ืื™ืคื” ื”ื›ื™ ืžืฉืชืœื ืœืงื ื•ืช ืคื™ืœื˜ืจ ื›ืจื’ืข? ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืืช ื”purify 2 , ืื™ื–ื” ืคื™ืœื˜ืจ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœืงื ื•ืช ื•ืžืื™ืคื” ื”ื›ื™ ืžืฉืชืœื ? ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉืงื˜, ื”ื•ื ืชื•ืคืก ืชืื•ืฆื” ืจืง ื›ืฉืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ. ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืืช 2S ื•ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืฉื”ื›ืžื•ืช ืื‘ืง ื™ืจื“ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื”ืจื™ื— ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื ืขืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืจ ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœื™ ื–ื” ืงื ื™ื” ืžืขื•ืœื”! ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืคืจื• (ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื–ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื ืง) ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืจื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืื‘ืง ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื•ื ืžืืชืจ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื•ืชื•ืš ืžืกืคืจ ื“ืงื•ืช ืžื ื˜ืจืœ ืืช ื”ืจื™ื— (ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืคื™ืœื˜ืจ ืฉืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืื™ืชื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ - ืื‘ืœ ื ื™ืชืŸ ื’ื ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืœ2S ืื•ืชื•) ื”ื›ืœ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืœืœ. ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื™ืŸ 2S ืœ-2H ื ืจืื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืืœื ืจืง ื‘ืคื™ืœื˜ืจ. ืชื›ืœืก ื–ื” ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉ-2 ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื›ืŸ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ. ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื–ื” ืžื˜ืจื™ื“ ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคื™ืœื˜ืจ ืฉืœ HEPA. ื ื’ื™ื“ ืฉืื ื™ ืงื•ื ื” 2H ื•ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืคื™ืœื˜ืจ, ืžื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื? ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืžื”ื’ืจืกื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืขื ืงื™ืช ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ืงื˜ื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื• ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ื’ืจืกื 2. ื”ืคื™ืœื˜ืจื™ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื ืคืœืื” ื•ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืœืžืงืจื” ื•ืœื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ื”ืคื™ืœื˜ืจ ื”ืจืฆื•ื™. ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืงื•ื ื” 2 ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื™ืฆื 3. ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืชื™ ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœืืจืฅ ื’ืจืกื” 3? ื•ืžื” ืขื ื”ืคื™ืœื˜ืจื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื? ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืขื“ 37 ืžื˜ืจ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื™ืกืคืง ืœืš ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœืš. @|derfler ืื– ืื ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืžื˜ื”ืจ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืœืกืœื•ืŸ ื•ืœืžื˜ื‘ื— ืฉื™ืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืžื–ื’ืŸ ืœืœื›ืช ืขืœ ื”- Mi Air Purifier Pro? ื›ืจื’ืข ื™ืฉ ื‘-KSP ื‘ืœื™ ืงื•ืคื•ื ื™ื ื‘ 799โ‚ช, ืžื—ื™ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘? ืื• ืฉืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืžืกื™ืŸ? ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘ ื”ืกืœื•ืŸ+ื”ืžื˜ื‘ื—+ื”ืžืกื“ืจื•ืŸ ืืฆืœื™ ื› 44ืžืจ, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืœื›ืช ืขืœ ื” Pro? ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื ื™ืกืชื“ืจ? ืžื” ื–ื” ืขื•ืฉื”? ืžืคื–ืจ ืจื™ื—ื•ืช ืื• ืžืคืœื˜ืจ ืื•ื™ืจ? @|derfler ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ื”ืฆืคื™ ืขื 3? ื•ืžื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืคื™ืœื˜ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ? ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืืจืฅ. ื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื— ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ื•ืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœืืจืฅ. ืœื ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืงื ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ืขื ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื–ื” ? @|rotemSloo ื”ื™ืจื•ืง/ืกื’ื•ืœ - ืืคืฉืจ ื‘-KSP. ื™ืฉ ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื ืงื•ืคื•ื ื™ื ื’ื ื‘-Banggood. ืื– ืื™ื–ื” ืคื™ืœื˜ืจ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœืงื ื•ืช ืœ 2s ื•ืื™ืคื”? 32 ื“ืฆื™ื‘ืœ ื–ื• ืจืžืช ืจืขืฉ ื›ืžื• ืฉืœ ืžื–ื’ืŸ ืชื“ื™ืจืืŸ 10A ืื• ืกื•ื•ื™ืคื˜, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืžื–ื’ื ื™ื ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืคื™ืœื˜ืจื™ื ืกื•ืคื—ื™ ืจื™ื—ื•ืช ืงืจืžื™ื™ื (ื•ืื‘ืง ืข"ื™ ืžืชื— ืœืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื“ื•ืช). ื”ืื ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืง ืžื˜ื”ืจ ืื•ื™ืจ ืฉืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืจื“ืช ืœ-20dB? ื‘ื“ืจ"ื› ื‘ KSP ืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืคื•ืก ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื›ืืœื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืžืขื•ืœื™ื ืขื ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืงื•ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื. ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืงื•ื‘! ืื• ืœื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ ืžืฉื“ืจื’ื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื’ื•ืœ ื•ื”ื™ืจื•ืง ื’ื ืœ-HEPA. ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ. ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื”ืคื™ืœื˜ืจ ื”ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœื hepa? ื–ื” ืจืง ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจ. ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื›ื–ื” ืœื ืงื•ื ื™ื ื“ืจืš ื‘ื ื’ื’ื•ื“ ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืžืฉืœื•ื— EMS ื™ืงืจ. ื™ื”ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื ื•ืช ื‘ืืœื™ืืงืกืคืจืก / ื’ื™ืจื‘ืกื˜ ืขื ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ ื•ื‘ื˜ื— ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื‘ืืจืฅ. 450 ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžืฉืœื•ื—? ื›ื™ ื‘ืœื™ื ืง ืฉืฉื’ื™ื ืฆื™ืจืฃ, ืœื“ื’ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืงืคืฅ ื‘ 200 ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื“ื’ื ื—ื“ืฉ. ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ืœื ื–ื•ืœ. ื›ืžืขื˜ 250 ืฉืงืœ. ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืžืชืงืจื‘ ืœ 800-900 ืฉืงืœ ืœืžื›ืฉื™ืจ. ื›ืžื” ื‘ืขืจืš ืขื•ืœื” ืคื™ืœื˜ืจ ? ื’ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ื“ื’ื ื”ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ 450 ? ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืคื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืœ ืจื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืขื•ืœื”. ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ... ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช. ืื‘ืœ ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ (ืงืจ / ื—ื / ื’ืฉื•ื / ื™ืชื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื›ื•') ืื– ื–ื” ื›ืŸ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘. ืขื•ืงื‘. ื’ืจ ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืขื ื—ืœื•ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื•ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืžื˜ื’ื ื™ื ืื• ืžื‘ืฉืœื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ื ื™ืง ื‘ืจืžื” ืื—ืจืช. ื’ื ื‘ื›ืœืœื™ ืื—ืจื™ ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืœื• ืžื—ื ื™ืง. ื—ื™ืคืฉืชื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืขื™ื”. ืœื“ืขืชื›ื ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืขื‘ื•ืจื™? ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”2s ื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉ ื ื—ืžื“.. ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื ืฉื•ื•ื” ืืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื™ืงืจ ืื‘ืœ ืžื•ืฆืจ ืžื’ื ื™ื‘ ืœืืœืœื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ื•ืœื ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื•.
ืงื™ืคื™ ื‘ืŸ ืงื™ืคื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ืฉืžื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ื‘ื” ืžื”ื’ืจืกื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” "ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืกื•ืžืกื•ื" ืฉื”ื•ืคืงื” ื•ืฉื•ื“ืจื” ื‘ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ืช. ื“ืžื•ืชื• ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื’ ื‘ื™ืจื“ ืžื”ื’ืจืกื” ื”ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ืช ืฉืœ "ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืกื•ืžืกื•ื". ื™ืฉื ื” ื“ืžื•ืช ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืฉื ืืกืคื™ื ื˜ ื‘ื’ืจืกื” ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ืช. ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ื‘ื” ืขื™ืฆื‘ ื”ืืžืŸ ืื‘ื ืจ ื›ืฅ, ืฉืฉื™ื—ืง ื‘ืกื“ืจื” ืืช ื‘ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืงืคื” ื”ืกืžื•ืš ืœืžื—ื™ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ืงื™ืคื™. ื’ืจืกืชื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ "ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืกื•ืžืกื•ื" ื”ื•ืคืงื” ื•ืฉื•ื“ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื 1983 - 1986, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืฉื•ื“ืจื” ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจื™ื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื•ื ื™ื ื•ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืชืฉืขื™ื. ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืงื™ืคื™ ื‘ื’ืจืกื” ื–ื• ื“ื™ื‘ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืคืขื™ืœื” ืฉืจื™ ืฆื•ืจื™ืืœ. ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืชืฉืขื™ื ื—ื–ืจ "ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืกื•ืžืกื•ื" ื‘ื’ืจืกื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืฉื "ืฉืืจืข ืกื™ืžืกื™ื". ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคื•ืจืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงื™ืคื™ ื‘ืŸ ืงื™ืคื•ื“ ื•ื‘ืฉืœ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช, ืขื•ืฆื‘ื” ื”ื‘ื•ื‘ื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ. ื”ื”ืคืงื” ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉื•ืชืคื” ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืคืงื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช, ื”ืชืขืงืฉื” ืœืฆื•ื•ืช ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ ืงื™ืคื™ ืฉื—ืงืŸ ื–ื›ืจ, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉื™ืงื‘ืœ ืงื•ืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืœื›ืŸ, ื”ื•ื—ืœืคื” ืฉืจื™ ืฆื•ืจื™ืืœ, ื•ื’ื™ื ืคืจื™ื“ืžืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉื“ื™ื‘ื‘ ื•ื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ืงื™ืคื™. ืงื™ืคื™ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื–ื›ื” ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช ืžืฆื“ ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืžืขืจื™ืฆื™ ื”ืกื“ืจื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืขืฆื•ืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื ื—ืชืžื• ืœื”ื“ื—ืชื• ื•ืœื”ืฉื‘ืช ืงื™ืคื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™. ื‘ื’ืจืกื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืกื•ืžืกื•ื, ืฉืฉื•ื“ืจื” ื‘ืขืจื•ืฅ ื”ื•ืค! ื”ื•ื—ืœื˜ ืœื ืœืฉืชืฃ ื›ืœืœ ืืช ื“ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืงื™ืคื™. ืงื™ืคื™ ื”ื•ื ืงื™ืคื•ื“ ื•ืจื•ื“ ืฉืงื•ืฆื™ื• ื›ืชื•ืžื™ื. ื‘ื’ืจืกื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ืœื‘ืฉ ืงื™ืคื™ ืžื›ื ืกื™-ื‘ืจืš ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื ืขื ื›ืชืคื•ืช ื•ื›ืคืคื•ืช ืื“ื•ืžื•ืช. ื‘ื ื“ื ื” ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ื‘ื•ืจื“ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืฆื•ื•ืืจื• ื•ื”ื•ื ื ืขืœ ื ืขืœื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื‘ืฆื•ืช, ืฉื–ื›ื•, ืขืงื‘ ื›ืš, ืœื›ื™ื ื•ื™ "ื ืขืœื™ ืงื™ืคื™" ืื• "ืงื™ืคื™ื•ืช". ืงื™ืคื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ, ืžืขืจื™ื‘, 2 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 1986 - ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ืื™ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ (ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืืกืชืจ ืจื•ื˜ ืฉื—ืžื•ืจื•ื‘, ืžืฉื” ืกื™ื ื™, ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืœื™ืžืœืš ื•ืœื‘ืŸ ืžืจืกืจ) ื‘ืฆื™ืœื•ื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืขื ืงื™ืคื™, ืกืžืœ ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ื”-13. English ืขืจื™ื›ืช ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื ืขืจืš ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ึพ20:18, 12 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2016.
ื‘ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื’ื ื•ืกืจ ืฉืขืœ ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ื›ื ืจืช, ืฉื•ื›ื ืช ืื—ืช ืžืคื ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ืžื“ ื”ืžืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ: ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื’ืืœ ืืœื•ืŸ. ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื ืžืฆื ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืชืฆื•ื’ื•ืช ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ื’ืœื™ืœ ื•ืขืœ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื•ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“. ื‘ืงื•ืžืช ื”ื’ืœืจื™ื” ืžื•ืฆื’ืช ืชืขืจื•ื›ื” 'ืงื™ื™ืฆื™ืช' ืžืจืขื ื ืช ื•ืžืฉืขืฉืขืช ื‘ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ื”ื•ืžื•ืจ ื•ื‘ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”. ื“ื•ื“ื• ื’ืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืžื˜ื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืืžื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื (1944), ืกื™ื™ื ืืช 'ื‘ืฆืœืืœ' ื•ืœืžื“ ื‘ืืงื“ืžื™ื” ืœืืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ืคื•ืช ื‘'ื‘ื•ื–ืืจื˜' ื‘ืคืจื™ื–. ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื”ืฉืœื™ื ืชื•ืืจ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืืงื“ืžื™ื” ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื” 'ืกืืŸ ืžืจื˜ื™ืŸ' ืฉื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ. ื’ืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื•ืชืขืจื•ื›ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื•ืฆื’ื• ื‘ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืขื•ืช ืฉื‘ื’ืœืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”, ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ืงื ื“ื”. ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื•ืฆื’ื” ืชืขืจื•ื›ื” ืžืงื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ืกื™ืื•ืœ ืฉื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืงื•ืจื™ืื”. ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื“ืจื›ื• ืขื‘ื“ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืงืœืืกื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ ืฉืžืŸ ื•ืžื™ื. ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื—ืœ ืžืคื ื” ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•, ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื ืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืชืœืช-ืžื™ืžื“ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื ื™ืกื•ืจ ืงืจื ื™ ืœื™ื™ื–ืจ ื‘ืžืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืžืชื›ืช. ื’ืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืกื•ื‘ื‘ ืื•ืชื ื•. ื ื•ืฉืื™ ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืชื™ื• ืœืงื•ื— ืžื”ื˜ื‘ืข (ืคืจื—ื™ื, ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช), ืžื”ืžื•ืกื™ืงื” (ื›ืœื™ ื ื’ื™ื ื”, ื ื’ื ื™ื ื•ืชื–ืžื•ืจื•ืช) ื•ืกืคื•ืจื˜ (ืจืฆื™ื, ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืืชืœื˜ื™ืงื”). ื”ื•ื ืฆื•ื‘ืข ืืช ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื™ื, ื”ืžืฉืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฆื•ืคื” ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ืช, ื”ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื•ืš ื•ื”ื ืื”. ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ืคื–ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ืฉื“ืจื•ืช, ื›ื™ื›ืจื•ืช, ืคืืจืงื™ื, ืžื‘ื ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืงื ื™ื•ื ื™ื. ื ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืชื™ื•: 'ื”ืงื™ื•ืกืง', ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ; 'ื”ื’ืžืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืฉื™', ื‘ืขื‘ื“ืช; 'ืขืฆื™ืฆื™ ื”ืคืจื—ื™ื', ืœืื•ืจืš ืฉื“ืจื•ืช ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืจืฆืœื™ื”; 'ื”ืคืจื”', ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืขื ืง ืฉื‘ืคืืจืง ืจืขื ื ื”, ื•ืขื•ื“ ืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช.
ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืงื‘ืข ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ื›ื™ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื• ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื”ืžืžืœื›ืชื™, ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ืืฃ ืžืชื ืฆืœ ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื›ื™ื ื” "ืชืงืœื”" ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžืžืฉืœื”, ืžื ื™ ืžื–ื•ื–, ื—ื–ืจ ื‘ื• ืžื ื–ื™ืคืชื• ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ, ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื‘ื™ื˜, ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืกืงืช ื”ื’ื– ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืžืžืฆืจื™ื. ืžื–ื•ื– ืฉืœื— ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ืžื›ืชื‘ ื ื–ื™ืคื” ืœืฉื‘ื™ื˜, ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื•, ืœื›ืื•ืจื”, ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื ื™ืฆืœ ืืช ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉืฆื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื™ืฅ ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืงื™ื“ื ืืช ืขืกืงื™ื• ื›ืฉื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ืžืจื—ื‘, ืฉื‘ืฉืœื™ื˜ืช ื™ื•ืกื™ ืžื™ืžืŸ. ื•ืื•ืœื, ื‘ืžื›ืชื‘, ืฉืฉืœื— ืœืฉื‘ื™ื˜ ืืชืžื•ืœ (ื“'), ื›ืชื‘ ืžื–ื•ื–: "ืœืื—ืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ืš ื ืจืื”, ืฉืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืช ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžืžืœื›ืชื™. ืื ื• ืžืฆืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชืงืœื”". ืฉื‘ื™ื˜ ืžื•ืขืกืง ื›ื™ื•ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื‘ืจืช ืžืจื—ื‘, ืฉื–ื›ืชื” ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ืœืžื›ื™ืจืช ื’ื– ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืœื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ. ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื” ื‘ื ื›ืจื– ืžื•ืœ ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ccc, ืฉื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื’ื– ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ื’ื– ื•ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืœื‘ื ื•ื ื™ื, ื”ืฉื•ืื‘ืช ื’ื– ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืžื—ื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื ืฉืœื™ื“ ืขื–ื” ื•ืžื•ื›ืจืช ืื•ืชื• ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื•ืช. ืœืคื ื™ ื›ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืชืจืื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ื˜ ืœืขื™ืชื•ืŸ "ื”ืืจืฅ" ื•ืืžืจ ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ "ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื” ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ-ื’ื– ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžืžืžื ื™ื ื˜ืจื•ืจ ืื ื˜ื™-ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื•ืื ื˜ื™-ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™". ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจืื™ื•ืŸ, ืฉืœื— ืฉืจ ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช , ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืคืจื™ืฆืงื™, ืžื›ืชื‘ ืœืžื–ื•ื–, ื•ื‘ื• ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืœืคืชื•ื— ื‘ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืคืœื™ืœื™ืช ื ื’ื“ ืฉื‘ื™ื˜. ืคืจื™ืฆืงื™ ื˜ืขืŸ ืฉืฉื‘ื™ื˜ ื ื™ืฆืœ, ื›ื™ื‘ื›ื•ืœ, ืืช ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ื•ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื—ืกื•ื™ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื›ืจืืฉ ื”ืžื•ืกื“, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื“ื ืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ืขืกืงื™ ื•ืœื ื’ื— ืืช ืžืชื—ืจื™ื•. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืคื ื™ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ืคืจื™ืฆืงื™, ื›ืชื‘ ืžื–ื•ื– ืœืฉื‘ื™ื˜ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืžื›ืชื‘, ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžืžื ื• ืฉืœื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ืขืกืงื™ื•. ืžื–ื•ื– ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืžื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืงื•ื“ื ื›ื™ ืฉื‘ื™ื˜ "ื ื™ืฆืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื", ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืžื–ื•ื– ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ืžื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ืขืœ ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืคืœื™ืœื™ืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ืฉื‘ื™ื˜. ื›ืชื‘ ืืชืžื•ืœ ืžื–ื•ื– ืœืฉื‘ื™ื˜, "ื•ืื•ืœื, ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื–ื›ืจื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ืš ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ ื ืฉื•ื ื”ืชืœื•ื ื” ืื›ืŸ ืคื•ืจืกืžื• ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืงื•ื“ื ืœืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืขืจืš ืขืžืš, ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืคืจืกื•ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ืš ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื›ื–ื”".
ื”ืจ ืฆ'ื•ืคื•ืงื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืชืจืฆื• ืœื‘ืงืจ ื‘ื”ืจ ืฆ'ื•ืคื•ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืฉื•ื ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ืจื™ื ืฆืœื•ืœ ืื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ืขืœ ื“ืžื ื•ื‘ืกืงื” ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื” ืžืžื‘ื˜ ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ. Jasna Nizke Tatryื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ ื’ืœื™ืฉืช ืฉืœื’ ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืจืฆื• ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ื‘Jasna Nizke Tatry, ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืกืงื™ ื”ืžืžื•ืงืžืช 0.5 ืžื™ื™ืœื™ื (0.8 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื) ืžื”ืžืจื›ื– ืฉืœ ื“ืžื ื•ื‘ืกืงื” ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”. ืื ืืชื ืžื•ืžื—ื™ ื’ืœื™ืฉืช ืกืงื™, Jasna Ski ื•ื•ืจื‘ื™ืฆืงื” ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ืช ืžืงื•ื. Konskรฝ grรบลˆื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ืกืงื™ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘Konskรฝ grรบลˆ ืžืžื•ืงื 1.8 ืžื™ื™ืœื™ื (2.9 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื) ืžื”ืžืจื›ื– ืฉืœ ื“ืžื ื•ื‘ืกืงื” ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”. ืื ืืชื ืžื•ืžื—ื™ ื’ืœื™ืฉืช ืกืงื™, Jasna Ski ื•ืคืจื™ืจื™ื™ื“ ื–ื•ืŸ 2 ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ืช ืžืงื•ื. ืื’ื ื•ืจื‘ื™ืฆืงื” ืคืœืกื•ื‘ื•ืื• ืœื‘ืงืจ ื‘ืื’ื ื•ืจื‘ื™ืฆืงื” ืคืœืกื•, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆืœื ื›ืžื” ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืืชืจื™ื ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื“ืžื ื•ื‘ืกืงื” ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”. ื•ืจื‘ื™ืฆืงื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ืกืงื™ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ื•ืจื‘ื™ืฆืงื” ืžืžื•ืงื 1.5 ืžื™ื™ืœื™ื (2.4 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื) ืžื”ืžืจื›ื– ืฉืœ ื“ืžื ื•ื‘ืกืงื” ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”. ืื ืืชื ืžื•ืžื—ื™ ื’ืœื™ืฉืช ืกืงื™, Jasna Ski ื•ืคืจื™ืจื™ื™ื“ ื–ื•ืŸ 2 ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ืช ืžืงื•ื. ืคืจื™ืจื™ื™ื“ ื–ื•ืŸ 2ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ ื’ืœื™ืฉืช ืฉืœื’ ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืจืฆื• ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืคืจื™ืจื™ื™ื“ ื–ื•ืŸ 2, ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืกืงื™ ื”ืžืžื•ืงืžืช 2.1 ืžื™ื™ืœื™ื (3.4 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื) ืžื”ืžืจื›ื– ืฉืœ ื“ืžื ื•ื‘ืกืงื” ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”. ืื ืืชื ืžื•ืžื—ื™ ื’ืœื™ืฉืช ืกืงื™, Jasna Ski ื•ื•ืจื‘ื™ืฆืงื” ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ืช ืžืงื•ื. ืื™ืš ื‘ื“ืžื ื•ื‘ืกืงื” ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”? ืื ืืชื ืื—ืจ ืžืงื•ื ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืžื•ืขื“ืฃ ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื”, ื“ืžื ื•ื‘ืกืงื” ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื” ื–ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื›ื. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืืชื ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืœืฉื”ื•ืช ืจืง ืœืœื™ืœื” ืื—ื“ ืื• ืœืฉื‘ื•ืข, ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœื“ืžื ื•ื‘ืกืงื” ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื” ืžื›ื™ืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื™ื ื” ืฉืชื•ืืžื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื. ื—ืคืฉื• ืžืœื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืžื ื•ื‘ืกืงื” ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื” ืขื Hotels.com ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ืžืคื” ื”ืžืงื•ื•ื ืช ืฉืœื ื•. ื‘ืžืคื” ืฉืœื ื• ืžื•ืฆื’ื™ื ื”ืžืœื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื“ืžื ื•ื‘ืกืงื” ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื” ื›ืš ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืžื” ืืชื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื•ืช, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืœืกื ืŸ ืืช ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืื–ื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžืœื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืžื ื•ื‘ืกืงื” ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื” ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื›ืืŸ ื•ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืชื ื• ืœืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื ืžื•ืš ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืžื”ื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฉื”ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืžื ื•ื‘ืกืงื” ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”? ืžื”ื• ื ืžืœ ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืœ ื“ืžื ื•ื‘ืกืงื” ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”? ืžื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื“ืžื ื•ื‘ืกืงื” ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”? ืžื”ื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ื“ืžื ื•ื‘ืกืงื” ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”?
ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ืœืฉื‘ืช ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื–ื ืฉื”ืงื™ืžื• ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจ'ื” ืžื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ื ื”ืจื™ื”, ืืฉืจ ืžื˜ืจืชื• ืœื”ืคื’ื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืžืฆืขื™, ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื ื•ื—ื” ื•ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœื”ื, ื›ืฉื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ืœืžืคื’ืฉื™ื ืืœื• ื”ื™ื ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืช. ื”ืžื™ื–ื ื”ื—ืœ ืืช ื“ืจื›ื• ื‘ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ื•ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื•ืฉืง ื”ืืชืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ, ืืฉืจ ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœืืจื— ื•ืœื”ืชืืจื— ืœืงื—ืช ื—ืœืง ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜. ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืคื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื ื•ื—ื” ื•ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœื”ื, ื›ืฉื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ืœืžืคื’ืฉื™ื ืืœื• ื”ื™ื ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืช. ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜: ื”ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื’ื ื›ื›ื” - ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ืคื’ืฉ ื•ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื - ื”ื•ืกืคื” ืฉืœ ืžืกืคืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ืœืืจื•ื—ื” ืฉืžืชืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”. ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื›ื™ืฃ ืœืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื˜ื•ื‘. ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ื›ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืื™ืจื•ื— ืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื, ืืš ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืชืคืกื ื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ื›ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืฆื“ืงื” ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื•ื ืฆื•ืจื”. ืื ื—ื ื• ืคื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื›ื™ืฃ ื•ื”ืžืคื’ืฉื™ื, ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ื–ื” ื’ื ืžืชื‘ื˜ื ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื‘ืขื–ืจื” ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื”. ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ืฉื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ื™ืฃ ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื•ืžืฉืคื™ืข - ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœื”ืคื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื”ื: ืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื, ืขื•ืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื—ื“-ื”ื•ืจื™ื•ืช, ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื•ืขื•ื“. ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ - 'ืกืชื' ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื. ื‘-2,000 ืื™ืจื•ื—ื™ื ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื, ื”ืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ืจื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ. ื›ืœ ื”ืื™ืจื•ื—ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื”ืชืืคืฉืจื• ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื, ืฉืชื™ืืžื• ืืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ื— ื•ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืขืžื•ื“ ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ืฉืœื ื•. ืื ื—ื ื• ื’ื ื’ืื™ื ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืฉื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืืœื™ื ื•. ื›ื™ื•ื ืจืฉื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื–ืจืžื™ื ื•ืกื’ื ื•ื ื•ืช: ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื•ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื, ื“ืชื™ื™ื ื•ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืชื™ืงื™ื ื•ืขื•ืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื•ืขืจื‘ื™ื โ€“ ื”ืžื›ื ื” ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœื›ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ืคื’ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืžืฆืขื™. ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœืžืคื’ืฉื™ื ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืžืฆืขื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื” - ืœืืจื•ื—ืช ืขืจื‘ ืจื’ื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื™ืชื™ืช - ื™ืฉ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืขืฆื•ื. ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื”: ืื—ืช ื”ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘'ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ืœืฉื‘ืช' - ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืœืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื, ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืงืื•ืฆ'ืกืจืคืจื™ื ืžื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ื•ื–ื•ื’ ืฉื ื•ืŸ ื•ื—ื“ ืœืืœืœื”, ื‘ื ื™ 86 ื•-93 - ื”ื•ื ืžืจืฆื” ืœืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœืจืคื•ืื” ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืคื ืกื™ื” ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื•"ืจ ืื’ื•ื“ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ-ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” (ื‘ื”ื•ื•ื”). ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ืœืฉื‘ืช ื”ื™ื” ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืฉื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ืชื™ืื•ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ื•ืขืžื•ื“ ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง. ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ื”ืฉืงื ื• ืืช ื”ืืชืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ืœืฉื‘ืช ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืœื”ืจืฉื ื›ืื•ืจื—, ืื• ืžืืจื— ืื• ื’ื ื•ื’ื, ื•ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื•ื”ื”ืขื“ืคื•ืช ืฉืœื•: ื›ืฉืจ ืื• ืœื, ืฉื•ืžืจ ืฉื‘ืช ืื• ืœื, ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช, ืฉืคื” ื•ืขื•ื“. ื›ืฉืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืžืืจื—ื™ื, ื”ืืชืจ ืžื‘ืฆืข ื”ืชืืžื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™, ื›ืš ืฉืคื ื™ื•ืช ื ืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืชืืžื” ืžืœืื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆืจื›ื™ ื•ื”ืขื“ืคื•ืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื - ื”ืžืืจื— ื•ื”ืื•ืจื—. ื›ืขืช ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฉืงืช ื”ืืชืจ ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉืงืช ื”ื’ืจืกื” ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช, ืฉืชื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ืœืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื ื• ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ 20 ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ืฉืชื™ืืžื• ืืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ื—. ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื”ืชืขืกืงื•ืช ื’ืจื ืœื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื”ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื ื”ื™ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืคืชื— ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ืฉืชืืคืฉืจ ืงืฉืจ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ืœืžืืจื—ื™ื, ื‘ืœื™ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืชื™ื•ื•ืš ืฉืœื ื•. ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื›ื™ื•ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืž-4 ื—ื‘ืจ'ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœื ื•, ืžื” ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœืงืจื•ืช ื•ืžืฆื“ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืงื™ื•ื ืฉืœื ื•, ื–ื• ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ืืœืคื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืœื“ืจืš ืฉืœื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื. ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ื‘ืื™ื ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืœื‘. ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ืฉืชืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžืืจื—ื™ื ืื• ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ืœืฉื‘ืช, ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ, ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืื™ืจื•ื— ืชืคื•ืจ ืœืคื™ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ืช: ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš, ืื™ืš ืฉืฆืจื™ืš, ืื™ืš ืฉื ื•ื— ื•ืžืชืื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“. ืืคืฉืจ ื’ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœื ื• ืœื™ื™ืง ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ืฉืœ ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ืœืฉื‘ืช ื•ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืžืขื•ื“ื›ื ื™ื ื•ื’ื ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง.
ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ืื•ื–ื ื™ื•ืช Xiaomi Piston ื‘ืื•ื–ืŸ ืฉื•ืžืจืช ืขืœ ื™ื—ืก ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ืžืื– ื”ื™ื•ื•ืกื“ื”, ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื ื™ืงื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืœื™ืœื™ื. ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ืื•ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ื”- Xiaomi ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ. ืžืฆื•ื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืงืจื•ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืคืงื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื‘ืœ, ื”ื ืžืืžืฆื™ื ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืกื’ืกื•ื’ืช ืืœื•ืžื™ื ื™ื•ื ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื ืงืœื™ื ื•ืžืขืฉื™ื™ื. ื”ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืœืงื• ื”ื‘ื•ื›ื ื” ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžืข, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื“ืจื™ื ืœื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืขื›ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื 32ohms ื•ืื™ืœื• ืจืžืช ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืงื•ืœ ื”ื™ื 98 dB. ื”ื™ื•ื ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืจืกื” ืžืกื•ื’ TYPE-C ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ื”ืฆืขื”!
ืžื“ื•ืข ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœื™ื•ืขืฅ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืคืจื˜ื™ ? ืœืฉืืœื” ื–ื• ื™ืฉ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ืช. ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืคืจื˜ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื . ืืชื ื”ืœืงื•ื— ืฉืœื•, ืฉืžืฉืœื ืœื•, ื•ืื ืชื”ื™ื• ืžืจื•ืฆื™ื, ืชื“ืื’ื• ืฉื’ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืืœื™ื•. ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœื• ืœื”ืชืืžืฅ ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื. ืœืขื•ืžืชื•, ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ืง ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื ืง ื•ืžื˜ืจืชื• ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืจื•ื•ื— ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื ืง. ืืช ื”ืขืžืœื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ื ืžืงื‘ืœ ืœืคื™ ื”ืจื•ื•ื— ืฉื™ื™ืฆืจ ืœื‘ื ืง. ืœื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื ืง ื™ืฉื ื• ืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ืื—ื“ ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ โ€“ ืœืฉื•ื•ืง ืœื›ื ืืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ืง ื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื•ืื•ืชื• ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื™ืฆื’.
ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื, ื•ื–ืืช ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื˜ืจื ื”ืชื’ืจืฉื•. 2. ื. ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื ื™ืฉืื• ื–ืœ"ื– ื›ื“ืžื•"ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ื 28.2.85. ื‘. ืžื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื”ื ื ื•ืœื“ื• ืœื”ื ืฉื ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
ื”ื’ืขื” ืœื‘ื•ืงืจืฉื˜ ื‘ื™ืจืช ืจื•ืžื ื™ื” ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ, ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื“ื” ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ืงืจืฉื˜ ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืกื™ื ื™ื” โ€“ "ืคื ื™ื ืช ื”ืงืจืคื˜ื™ื" (ื›- 120 ืง"ืž), ื‘ื“ืจืš ืขื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘- ืกืœื ื™ืง ืคืจืื—ื•ื‘ื”, SLANIC PRAHOVA , ืžืขืจืช ืžื›ืจื•ืช ืžืœื— ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”, ื•ื ืžืฆืืช ื›- 220 ืžื˜ืจ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืื“ืžื”. ื™ื•ืจื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืœื™ืช ืืœ ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืขืจื” ื”ืขื ืงื™ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ืžื’ืจืฉื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ. ื”ืžืขืจื” ืžืฉืžืฉืช ื›ืžืงื•ื ืžืจืคื ืœื—ื•ืœื™ ืืกื˜ืžื”, ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื”, ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช, ืžื’ืจืฉ ื›ื“ื•ืจืกืœ, ืžื’ืจืฉ ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ, ื•ืขื•ื“. ืœืื—ืจ ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื›ืฉืขื” ื ืขืœื” ื—ื–ืจื” , ื•ื ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ื“ืจื›ื ื• ืœืกื™ื ื™ื”. ื ื’ื™ืข ืœืกื™ื ื™ื” ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฆื”ืจื™ื, ื ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืžืœื•ืŸ ื•ื ื™ืกืข ืœืืจืžื•ืŸ PELES, ืืจืžื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืงืจื•ืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื•ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ืคื™ื ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”, ื›ื ื™ืกืช ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืœืืจืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืขื” 15.45 . ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืชืฆืคื™ืช ื•ื”ื”ืชืจืฉืžื•ืช ืžื”ื ื•ืฃ ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ื , ื ืจื“ ื—ื–ืจื” ื•ื ื™ืกืข ื“ืจืš ืจืืฉื ื•ื‘, ืœืขื™ื™ืจื” ื‘ืจืืŸ. ืฉื ื ื‘ืงืจ ื‘ื˜ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื“ืจืืงื•ืœื” , ื”ื ืงืจืืช : CASTELUL BRAN ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ืื—ืจ ื”ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจื•ืช, ืขื ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ืจืืŸ, ื ื™ืกืข ืœืขื™ื™ืจืช ื”ื ื•ืคืฉ ืžื•ืืฆื™'ื• MOIECIU, ื”ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืฉืœ ื›-3 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืžื‘ืจืืŸ. ืœืืจื•ื—ืช ืฆื”ืจื™ื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ืช ื‘ืžืกืขื“ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžืื“, ืขื ืจืฆืคืช ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช, ื›ืฉืžืชื—ืช ืœื›ืกืื•ืช ืฉื•ื—ื™ื ื“ื’ื™ื. ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืกื™ื ื™ื” ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉืขื” 18.00 , ื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ื™ืจื”, ื‘ืคืืจืง ืขื ื”ืืžืคื™ืชืื˜ืจื•ืŸ , ื•ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืงื ื— ื‘ืžืืคื™ื”/ืงื•ื ื“ื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื” BROTERIA DEUTSCHELAND , ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื‘ืžื˜ืขืžื™ื” ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื ืงื ื™ืง ืขื ื›ืจื•ื‘ ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื’ืจืžื ื™, ื•ื‘ืžืขื“ื ื™ื™ื” ื•ืขื•ื’ื•ืชื™ื”. ืœืื—ืจ ืืจื•ื—ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื ื™ืกืข ืœื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืคืจื“ื™ืืœ, ืคื•ื™ืื ื” ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื‘, ื•ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื‘. ื‘ืคืจื“ื™ืืœ ื ืขืœื” ืœืชืฆืคื™ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืืจื–ื™ื (TREI BRAZI) ืžืขืœ ืœืขื™ืจ ืคืจื“ื™ืืœ, ืื ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื™ืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื”ื™ืจ. ื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื‘ ื•ื‘ื›ื™ื›ืจ ื”ืขื™ืจ, ื ื‘ืงืจ ื‘ื›ื ืกื™ื” ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ื‘ื” ื ืžืฆื ื”ืื•ืจื’ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”, ื ื ืกื” ืœื‘ืงืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื”ืขืชื™ืง, ื•ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืงื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื‘ืจืฉื•ื‘ (STAR). ืืจื•ื—ืช ืขืจื‘ ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืงื‘/ืžืกืขื“ื” โ€“ CERBUL CARPATIANืืจื•ื—ื” ืžืœืื” ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื‘ืžื•ืคืข ืคื•ืœืงืœื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื” ื•ืจื™ืงื•ื“ื™ื ืจื•ืžื ื™ื™ื. ื ืกื™ืขื” ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืกื™ื ื™ื”. ืœืื—ืจ ืืจื•ื—ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื ืฆื ืœื“ืจืš ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืืงื• ืจื•ืฉื• ื ืจืื” ืืช ื”ืื’ื ื”ืื“ื•ื ื•ื‘ื• ื’ื–ืขื™ ื•ื’ื“ืžื™ ืขืฆื™ื ืฉื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืฆื•ืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื ื”ืคื•ื›ื™ื ... ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื”ื ื›ืœืคื™ ืžืขืœื”, ื•ื”ืฆืžืจืช ื‘ืžื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืชืฆืคื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ืื’ื ื ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ื ืกื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ื›- 8 ืง"ืž, ื•ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ืจืš ืงื™ื™ืœื™ ื‘ื™ืงืื–'ื• ืฉื”ื ืžืขื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื›-1000 ืž', ื”ืžืคืจื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืœื“ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื˜ืจื ืกื™ืœื‘ื ื™ื”. ื ื™ืกืข ืขืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื”ืžืชืคืชืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื•ืงื™ื ืจืžื™ื (ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืชื™ื™ืจื™ื) . ืืจื•ื—ืช ืขืจื‘ ื•ืœื™ื ื” ื‘ืงื•ืžืคืœืงืก ืชื•ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืง TROIAN, ื•ื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกืขื“ื” ืžืคื•ืืจืช ืืœื™ื” ื ื•ื”ืจื™ื ืชื™ื™ืจื™ ื•ืขืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ. ืœืื—ืจ ืืจื•ื—ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ, ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉืจื•ื‘ื• ื›ื›ื•ืœื• ื ื‘ืœื” ื‘ื ืกื™ืขื” ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ืงืจืฉื˜. ื ื’ื™ืข ืœื‘ื•ืงืจืฉื˜ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉืขื” 17.00 , ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ืชืžืงื ื‘ืžืœื•ืŸ ื ืฆื ืœื˜ืขื•ื ืžื‘ืชื™ ื”ืงื–ื™ื ื• ื”ืžืคื•ืืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ืงืจืฉื˜.
ืžืฉืง ื”ื—ื™ ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืžืจื›ื– ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื ื™ื›ื™ ื‘ืŸ ื™ืงื™ืจ, ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ืขืฆืžื• ื•ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื•. ื‘ืžืฉืง ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืกื•ืกื™ื, ืขื–ื™ื, ื›ื‘ืฉื™ื, ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ืชื•ื›ื™ื, ืื•ื’ืจื™ื, ืืจื ื‘ื•ืช, ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื (ืืชื•ื ื•ืช ืœื™ืชืจ ื“ื™ื•ืง) ื•ื ืืงื”. ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืง ื”ืŸ ื”ืฉื›ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืขื“ ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืฆื”ืจื™ื, ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ืžื‘ืงืจื•ืช ื’ื ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืžื›ืคืจ ื”ืจื"ื” ื‘ืžืฉืง, ื ืคื’ืฉื•ืช ืขื ื”ื—ื ื™ื›ื™ื ื•ื ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืคื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื. ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื”ื ืื” ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื, ื”ืžืฉืง ืžืฉืžืฉ ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื›ืคืจ: ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื, ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืจื›ื™ื‘ื” ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ืช, ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืชืช ื”ื—ืงืจ, ื—ืžืžื” ืคืขื™ืœื”, ื›ื•ื•ืจืช ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื˜ืคื•ืช. ืจื•ื‘ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ ื™ืงื™ืจ ื ื”ื ื™ื ืžืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืง ื”ื—ื™. 9 ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื ื™ื›ื™ ื”ื›ืคืจ ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ื‘ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืกื™ื•ืข ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื›-35 ืžื—ื ื™ื›ื™ ื”ื›ืคืจ ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ื‘ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืจื›ื™ื‘ื” ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ืช ื•ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื” ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช. ื›ื™ืชืช ื”ื—ืงืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืง ืžืฉืžืฉืช ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื•ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื“ืœื™ื. ื”ื—ืœ ืžืžืงืœื•ื ื™ื ืฉืฉื”ื• ืชืงื•ืคืช ืžื” ื‘ื›ืœื•ื‘ื™ื, ื“ืจืš ืขื›ื‘ืจื™ื, ื ื—ืฉื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช. ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” ืžืชื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื•ืžืืคืฉืจ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืื—ืจืช ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืœืฆื“ ืื•ื•ืจื•ืจ ืžืืจื‘ืข ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ืชื”. ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื”ื•ืงืžื” ื‘ืžืฉืง ื›ื•ื•ืจืช ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื ื›ืคืจ ื”ืจื"ื” ื”ืกืžื•ื›ื” ืœื‘ืŸ ื™ืงื™ืจ. ื›ื•ื•ืจืช ื–ื• ืžืฉืžืฉืช ืืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืžืฉื ื™ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื•ืฆืคื™ื™ื”, ืžื—ืงืจ ืขืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืคืงืช ื“ื‘ืฉ ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™ ืžื”ืคื ื˜ืช ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื” ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืงืงืช. ื”ื—ืžืžื” ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ืช ื”ื•ืงืžื” ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืชื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื•ืœืงืจืืช ืฉื ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืชืฉืข"ื— ืชื•ืขืชืง ืœืžืฉืง ื”ื—ืงืœืื™. ืขื ื—ื–ืจืชื” ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช, ืชืฉืžืฉ ื”ื—ืžืžื” ืืช ื—ื ื™ื›ื™ ื”ื›ืคืจ ืœื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืœื”ืชื ืกื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช (ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื”ื™ื“ืจื•ืคื•ื ื™ื, ื’ื™ื ืช ืžื˜ืจ ืขืœ ืžื˜ืจ ื•ืขื•ื“) ื•ืชืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืื—ืจืช ืชื•ืš ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื.
"ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืงืœ ืฉื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื™ื™ื ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ืœืœื ืžื•ืจื ื•ืคื—ื“." ืฉืžื™ ืœืื” ื™ืขืงื•ื‘ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ื ื•ืœื“ืชื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1945 ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื˜ืฉืงื ื˜ ืฉื‘ืจื•ืกื™ื” ืœื”ื•ืจื™: ืžื™ื›ืืœ ื•ืจื‘ืงื” ื‘ื•ืจื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ. ื”ื•ืจื™ ื’ืจื• ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืžืืœืื›ื•ื•ืงื”. ืืš ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื ื ืืœืฆื• ืœื‘ืจื•ื— ืœื˜ืฉืงื ื˜, ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื–ื• ื”ื™ื” ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœืขื•ืžืช ืขืจื™ ืจื•ืกื™ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ืฉืจืจ ืจืขื‘ ื›ื‘ื“. ื”ื•ืจื™ ื ื™ืžื ื• ืขืœ ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ื™ ื”ืจื™ื™"ืฆ (ืจ' ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื™ืฆื—ืง) ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ืžื•ืจ"ื™ ื—ื‘"ื“. ื”ื™ืชื” ื–ื• ืชืงื•ืคื” ืงืฉื” ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืจื•ืกื™ื” ืฉืœื˜ ืฆื•ืจืจ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื- ืกื˜ืืœื™ืŸ. ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื˜ ื‘ื™ื“ ืงืฉื” ื•ื‘ืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืกื™ื•ืขื ืฉืœ ื”ืง.ื’.ื‘- ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื”ืจื•ืกื™ืช ืฉืจืฉืขื•ืชื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืคื—ื•ืชื” ืžืฉืœ ืฉืœ ืกื˜ืืœื™ืŸ. ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื—ืกื™ื“ื™ ื—ื‘"ื“ ื”ื•ื’ืœื• ื•ื ืจืฆื—ื• ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื ืชืคืกื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืื• ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืชื•ืจื” ืื• ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช .ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืžืกืจื• ืืช ื ืคืฉื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื ื™ืœืžื“ื• ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœืชืœืžื•ื“ื ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื ืื™ืŸ ืื“ื ื–ืจ ืฉื‘ื•ืœืฉ ื•ืขื•ืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžืกืชื•ืจ ื‘ื• ื”ื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื. ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ืžืขืžื™ื“ื™ื "ืฉื•ืžืจ" ื‘ืคืชื— ืฉื™ืฉืžื•ืจ ืžืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ื“ืžื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื“ื” ืฉืžืชืงืจื‘ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืื•ืชืช ืขื ืกื™ืžืŸ ืžื•ืกื›ื, ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืžื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ื• ืœืžื“ื• ืœืชื•ืš ืžื’ื™ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื™ื“ ื›ืœ ื™ืœื“. ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืžื™ื“ ืžืฉื—ืง ื•ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืฉื—ืง ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ. ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืชื•ืจื’ืœื™ื ืœื›ืš. ื“ื•ื“ื™ ื–"ืœ, ืื— ืฉืœ ืื‘ื™, ืจ' ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ื•ืจื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœ ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ื›ืคืจ ื—ื‘"ื“ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื“ื•ืข ื‘ืงื•ืœื• ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ื. ืืš ื‘ืœ ื ืงื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจ. ื›ืฉืžืฉืคื—ืชื ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืกื™ื” ืื‘ื™ ื•ื’ื ืื—ื™ื•- ื“ื•ื“ื™ ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืฆื• ื’ื™ื•ืก ืœืฆื‘ื. ืื‘ื™ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืฉืจืช ืจืง ื‘ืฆื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื›ืฉื™ื’ื™ืข ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ืฉื”ื•ื–ืžืŸ ืœืจื•ืคื ื”ืฆื‘ืื™,ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื›ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื• ืœืฉืจืช ื‘ืฆื‘ื ืื‘ื™ ืขื™ืฉืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืกื™ื’ืจื™ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื”, ื•ื›ืฉื ื‘ื“ืง ื”ืจื•ืคื ืงื‘ืข ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืชืื™ื ืœืฉืจืช ื‘ืฆื‘ื ื‘ืฉืœ ืœื™ื‘ื• ื”ื—ื•ืœื”. ืื‘ื™ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืฉื™ื—ืจื•ืจ ืžืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฆื‘ื ื”ืจื•ืกื™. ื‘"ื” ืžืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ืœื ืกื‘ืœ ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื•. ื•ืืžื ื ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื‘ื™ ืฉื™ืจืช ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ืกื™ื ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1956. ืืš ืœื“ื•ื“ื™ ืœื ืฉื™ื—ืง ื”ืžื–ืœ, ื”ืจื•ืคื ืงื‘ืข ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืฉื™ืจ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืช. ื“ื•ื“ื™ ื ืืœืฅ ืœื”ื™ืคืจื“ ืžืืฉืชื• ื•ืžืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื• ื›ืฉื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ืช ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“.ื‘ืจื•ืกื™ื” ื›ืฉื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœืฆื‘ื ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช. ื‘ืžืฉืš ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื -ื›ืœ ืชืงื•ืคืช ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”, ื“ื•ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืจืช ืจื—ื•ืง ืžืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ื•ืžื™ืœื“ื™ื• ื•ืœื ืจืื” ืื•ืชื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืคืขื ืื—ืช. ื“ื•ื“ื™ ืขื‘ืจ ืกื‘ืœ ื ืคืฉื™ ืงืฉื”, ืžื”ืจื™ื—ื•ืง ื•ื”ื’ืขื’ื•ืขื™ื ืœืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื”ืฆื™ืงื” ืœื• ื’ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืœืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ืช ื‘ืฆื‘ื ื”ืจื•ืกื™. ื•ื”ืฉื’ืช ืื•ื›ืœ ื›ืฉืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื•ืžืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”. ืขื‘ืจื” ืชืงื•ืคื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช, ื•ื”ื ื” ืžืชืงืจื‘ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื. ืžื” ืืขืฉื”? ืื‘ื•ื™ ืœื™, ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืœื™ืœ "ื›ืœ ื ื“ืจื™" ื‘ืขืจื‘ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ, ื“ื•ื“ื™ ื ื™ื’ืฉ ืืœ ื”ืงืฆื™ืŸ ื”ืื—ืจืื™ ืขืœ ื”ื•ืคืขื•ืชื™ื•, ื•ืืžืจ ืœื•: "ืื ื™ ื—ืฉ ื‘ืจืข, ื•ืœื ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืœื™ืœื”, ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืฉื›ื‘". ื‘ื™ื•ื ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืขืจื‘ ื”ื•ื ื ืฉื›ื‘ ื‘ืžื™ื˜ื” ื•ื”ืชืคืœืœ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืงื˜ืขื™ื ืฉื–ื›ืจ ื‘ืข"ืค, ืœืคืชืข ื ืคืชื—ื” ื“ืœืช ื—ื“ืจื• ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืงืฆื™ื ื™ื ื ื›ื ืก ื•ืคื ื” ืืœื™ื• "ื–ืœืžืŸ, ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื•"? ื“ื•ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžื•ื, "ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืžืžื ื™ ื”ืงืฆื™ืŸ" ? ื”ืจื”ืจ ื“ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื•. ื•ื”ืงืฆื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืฉื•ื‘ "ืื™ื ืš ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ื”ื™ื•ื"? ื“ื•ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ื ืจืื” ื”ืงืฆื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™. ื“ื•ื“ื™ ืขื ื” ืœื• "ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ" ื”ืงืฆื™ืŸ ืคื ื” ืืœ ื“ื•ื“ื™ ื•ืืžืจ: " ืื ื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืžืžืš ืฉืชืฉื™ืจ ืœื™ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื›ืžื” ืงื˜ืขื™ื ืžืชืคื™ืœืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื. "ื”ืฉืชื’ืขืช"?! ืืžืจ ืœื• ื–ืœืžืŸ "ื”ืจื™ ืืžืจืชื™ ืœืงืฆื™ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืœื”, ื•ืื ื™ืฉืžืขื• ืื•ืชื™ ืฉืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืžืกื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ืื•ืชื™". ื”ืจื”ืจ ื”ืงืฆื™ืŸ ื•ืืžืจ ืœื“ื•ื“ื™ " ืžื—ื ื™ื ื• ืฉื•ื›ืŸ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื™ืขืจ, ื ื›ื ืก ืœืขื•ื‘ื™ ื”ื™ืขืจ ื•ืžืฉื ืœื ื™ืฉืžืขื• ืžืื•ืžื”" ื•ื›ืš ืขืฉื•. ื‘ื™ืขืจ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืคืชื— ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ืฉืจ ืืช ืชืคื™ืœืช "ื›ืœ ื ื“ืจื™" ื•ืืช "ืฉืžืข ื™ืฉืจืืœ" ื”ืงืฆื™ืŸ ื”ืชืจื’ืฉ ื•ื‘ื›ื” ื›ืžื• ื™ืœื“ ืงื˜ืŸ. ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื” ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ื—ืœื• ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจื™ื. ืžื™ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ื•ืžื• ื”ื™ื” ื“ื•ื“ื™ ื ื™ื’ืฉ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืืš ืฉืžื• ืœื ื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืืฃ ืจืฉื™ืžื”. ื›ืฉื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื—ื›ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื•ื ื ื›ื ืก ืืœ ื”ืงืฆื™ืŸ ื•ืฉืืœ ืœืคืฉืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉืžื• ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจื™ื? ืขื ื” ืœื• ื”ืงืฆื™ืŸ: "ืขื‘ื•ืจืš ื–ืœืžืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช, ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉืžืฉืคื—ืชืš ืชื’ื™ืข ืœื›ืืŸ ืœืžื—ื ื” ื”ืฆื‘ื, ืชืงื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืคื” ื•ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช ื™ืคื”, ื•ืชืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืงืฆื•ื ื” "ื–ืœืžืŸ ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉืขื•ื“ ืจื’ืข ื™ืงื‘ืœ ื”ืชืงืฃ ืœื‘!! ื“ื•ื“ื™ ื™ืฆื ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ื•ืคื’ืฉ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืฉืฉื™ืจืช ื™ื—ื“ ืื™ืชื•, ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืฉืืœ ืื•ืชื• "ืžื” ืงืจื” ื–ืœืžืŸ? ืืชื” ื ืจืื” ืจืข ืžืื•ื“"?! ื“ื•ื“ื™ ืกื™ืคืจ ืขืœ ื”ืฆืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงืฆื™ืŸ, ื—ื‘ืจื• ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœ ื”ืฆื™ืข ืœื• "ืฉืœื— ืžื‘ืจืง ืœืืฉืชืš ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืœื” ืฉืชืฉืœื— ืœืš ืžื‘ืจืง ื—ื–ืจื”, ื•ื‘ื• ืชื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ ืฉื™ื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืงื˜ื ื˜ื ื™ื, ื”ื™ื ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ืฉืชื—ื–ื•ืจ ืžื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ื•ื›ืš ื–ืœืžืŸ ืืžื ื ืขืฉื”. ื›ืฉื ื›ื ืก ืœืงืฆื™ืŸ ืขื ื”ืžื‘ืจืง ืฉืœ ืืฉืชื•, ื—ื™ื™ืš ื”ืงืฆื™ืŸ ื•ืืžืจ: "ืื” ื–ื” ื”ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืฉืœืš, ืื‘ืœ ืืชื” ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจ, ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื‘ื™ืชืš ื•ืœืžืฉืคื—ืชืš". ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ ื—ื‘"ื“ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืœืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืจื•ืกื™ื” ื‘ืขืžืง ื”ื‘ื›ื, ืขื– ื”ื™ื” ืจืฆื•ื ื ืœืฆืืช ื•ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœื ื”ืœ ื‘ื’ืœื•ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื™ื.. ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื”, ื›ืฉื”ื ืืฆื™ื ืคืœืฉื• ืœืคื•ืœื™ืŸ, ืคื•ืœื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื• ืœืจื•ืกื™ื”, ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื•ื›ืฉื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื” ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘-1946 ื”ื•ืจืฉื• ื ืชื™ื ื™ ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืืจืฆื. ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืœื ืฆืœ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื–ื• ื•ืœืฆืืช ืขื ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ืคื•ืœื ื™ื. ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ืžื—ืกื™ื“ื™ ื—ื‘"ื“ ื–ื™ื™ืคื• ื“ืจื›ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืคื•ืœื ื™ื™ื ืฉืžืชื• ื‘ืจื•ืกื™ื”, ืืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžื–ื•ื™ื™ืคื™ื ื”ื ื—ื™ืœืงื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ ื—ื‘"ื“, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื“ื™ ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื›ื™ ืกื›ื ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื ืฉืงืคื” ืœืืœื” ืฉืขืฉื• ื–ืืช, ืื ื—ืœื™ืœื” ื™ืชืคืฉื•, ื”ื ื–ื™ื™ืคื• ืžืกืคืจ ื“ืจื›ื•ื ื™ื ืจื‘, ื•ื›ืฉื”ื“ืจื›ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืงื‘ืขื• ืชืืจื™ืš ืœื™ืฆื™ืืช ื”"ืขืฉืืœื•ืŸ" (ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžืฉื) ืฉืชื™ืงื— ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืคืฉ ื•ืœื“ืจื•ืจ. ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืขืช ื›ืฉื”ืขืฉืœื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœื“ืจืš, ื”ืจื‘ื™ ื”ืจื™ื™"ืฅ (ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื™ืฆื—ืง) ืฉื”ื” ืื– ื‘ืฆืจืคืช ื”ื•ื ืจืื” ื‘ืจื•ื— ืงื•ื“ืฉื• ืืช ื ืกื™ืขืช ื”ืขืฉืืœื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื” ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื—ื‘"ื“ื™ื•ืช ืฉื—ืฆืชื” ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ืจื•ืกื™, ื›ืš ืžืกืคืจ ื—ืชื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื™ ื ืฉื™ื ื“ื•ืจื ื• "ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื›ืกืœื•, ื™ืฉื‘ ื—ื•ืชื ื™ ืœื™ื“ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ, ืขื™ื ื™ื• ืขืฆื•ืžื•ืช ื•ืคื ื™ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ื, ื”ืชืงืจื‘ืชื™ ืืœื™ื•, ื”ื˜ื™ืชื™ ืืช ืื•ื–ื ื™ ื•ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ 'ืื– ื™ืฉื™ืจ' ื‘ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื ืคืœืื”. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืกื™ื™ื ื”ื—ืœ ืœืงืจื•ื ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื, ื•ื›ืš ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื ืคืœื˜ื” ืžืคื™ื• ืื ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื•ืืžืจ ื‘ืœื—ืฉ 'ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”', ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”' ื”ื›ืœ ืขื‘ืจ ืฉืœื•ื' ื›ืš ื™ืฆืื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืขืฉืืœื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืฉื ืฉืžื• ืœืจื•ื•ื—ื”. ืืš ืืช ื”ืขืืฉืœื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ืคื—ื“ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืฉืœื•ื— ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื”ื—ืฉืื™ืช ื”ื—ืœื” ืœื—ืฉื•ื“ ื‘ืžืฉื”ื•. ืžืฉืคื—ืชื ื• ื ืกืขื” ื‘ืขืฉืืœื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™, ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœืื•ืกื˜ืจื™ื” ืœืžื—ื ื” ืขื•ืœื™ื ืฉื ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื ื” ืฉืœื™ืžื” ืฉื ื ื•ืœื“ื” ืื—ื•ืชื™, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื” ื ืกืขื ื• ืœืฆืจืคืช ืฉื ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื, ืฉื ื ื•ืœื“ ืื—ื™, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืฆืจืคืช ื”ืคืœื’ื ื• ื‘ืื ื™ื™ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฆืื• ื‘ืขืืฉืœื•ื ื™ื ืžืจื•ืกื™ื”. ื‘ืฉื ืช 1949 ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื”ืคื ืชื” ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืคืจื“ืก ื—ื ื” ืฉื ื’ืจื ื• ื—ืฆื™ ืฉื ื” ื‘ืื•ื”ืœื™ื ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ืœื ืชื ืื™ื. ื‘ืœื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืื•ื”ืœื™ื ื•ืขืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืžื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ื• ื‘ืœื™ืœื•ืช. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื›ืคืจ ืขืจื‘ื™ ื ื˜ื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉื 'ืกืคืจื™ื”' (ืฆืคืจื™ื”) ืฉื ืฉื™ื›ื ื• ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื ื”ื ื˜ื•ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื. ืžืฉืคื—ืชื ื• ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ื“ื™ืจื” ืขื ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืžื˜ื‘ื— ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ื•ืฉื ื™ ื—ื“ืจื™ื, ื—ื“ืจ ืœื›ืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื‘ื™ืช..ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืื—ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ื™ืกื“ื• ืืช "ื›ืคืจ ื—ื‘"ื“"- ืกืคืจื™ื” ื‘ืฉืžื” ื”ืงื•ื“ื. ืœืื˜ ืœืื˜ ื ื‘ื ื• ื‘ืชื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื, ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ, ื’ื ื™ื, ืžื›ื•ืœืช ื•ืขื•ื“. ื›ื™ื•ื ื›ืคืจ ื—ื‘"ื“ ื”ื•ื ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ื ื” ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืื“ ื›"ื™ . ื›ืฉื ื•ืกื“ ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืคืจ ืื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืœืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช. ื’ื ืื ื™ ื–ื›ื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืช ืžืชืœืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื•. ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืื”ื“ื” ื•ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืฉื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืขื• ื›ืœืคื™ื•. ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืคื•ื’ืฉืช ืืช ืชืœืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืŸ ืœื ืฉื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื•ืœืกืคืจ ืขืœ ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื•, ื›ืื‘ื ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื•. ื›ื™ื•ื ืื ื—ื ื• ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืงืจื™ื™ืช ืžืœืื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื ื—ืœืช ื”ืจ ื—ื‘"ื“ ืœืฉื ืขื‘ืจื ื• ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช. ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ื ื•ืกื“ื” ืข"ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื™ ื•ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื ืชืŸ ืœื” ืฉืžื”, ืขืœ ืฉื ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ืช ื—ื ื”- ืื™ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ื™. ืื ื™ ืฉืžื—ื” ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ, ื›ืฉืฉืคืจื” ื ื›ื“ืชื™ ื”ืžืงืกื™ืžื” ืžื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื” ืื•ืชื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืžืคื’ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ืจื™ ื”ืชืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืžืื“. ืฉืžื—ืชื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื”ื™ืคื’ืฉ ืขื ื ื›ื“ืชื™ ื•ืœืกืคืจ ืœื” ืžืขื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ ื—ื‘"ื“ ืœื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ืžืกืš ื”ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื›ืฉื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืงืฉื™ื ื•ืœื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื..
ื“"ืจ ืœื™ืืช ืืคืœื‘ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืขื ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ ื‘"ื”ื“ืกื”" ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื ืขืจืš ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ื”ื“ืกื” ืขื™ืŸ ื›ืจื, ืœื—ื•ืžืจ ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืœื˜ืจืกืื•ื ื“. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘-SONO VUE, ื—ื•ืžืจ ืžื•ื›ืจ ื”ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื•ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื’ื ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘, ืืš ื–ื• ืคืขื ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื• ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ ื™ืฆืจ ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืื•ืœื˜ืจื” ืกืื•ื ื“ ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื ื™ื’ื•ื“, ื”ืžื•ื–ืจืง ื“ืจืš ื”ื•ืจื™ื“, ืžืฉืคืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื ื™ื›ืจ ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืื‘ื—ื ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ืื•ืœื˜ืจืกืื•ื ื“, ื•ืืฃ ืžืฉื“ืจื’ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืืคื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืœืื‘ื—ืŸ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื›ื‘ื“ ืื• ื‘ื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืื•ืœื˜ืจืกืื•ื ื“, ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื“ื™ ืืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืื•ื ืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™. ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืคืจืฉ ื“ืจืš ื”ื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ื”ืŸ, ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื• ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื’ื ืœืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืื™ ืกืคื™ืงืช ื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื›ืจื•ื ื™ืช. ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืื•ืœื˜ืจืกืื•ื ื“ ื‘ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”-CT ื”ืฉืžืจื ื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœืช ื›ื™ื•ื, ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ืœื ืžื‘ื•ื˜ืœืช ืฉืœ ืงืจื™ื ื” ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื›ืจื— ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื, ืฉื›ืขืช ื—ืœืงื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื—ืœืคื™ื ืข"ื™ ืื•ืœื˜ืจืกืื•ื ื“ ืขื ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื ื™ื’ื•ื“- ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืœืœื ืงืจื™ื ื” ื•ืœืœื ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ื›ืœื™ื™ืชื™ืช. ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘"ื”ื“ืกื”" ื ื•ื”ืœ ืชื—ืช ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื“"ืจ ืœื™ืืช ืืคืœื‘ื•ื, ืžื ื”ืœืช ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืœื˜ืจื” ืกืื•ื ื“ ืื‘ื—ื ืชื™ ื•ืคื•ืœืฉื ื™ ื‘ื”ื“ืกื” ื•ื™ื•"ืจ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืœืื•ืœื˜ืจืกืื•ื ื“ ื‘ืจืคื•ืื”, ื•ื™ื—ื“ ืขื™ืžื” ืื•ืจื— ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืคืจื•ืค' ืคืื•ืœ ืกื™ื“ื”ื• ืžื”ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ืงื™ื ื’ืก ืงื•ืœื’' ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ - ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ ื•ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ืžื ื”ืœื™ ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช, ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ืžื›ื•ื ื™ ืื•ืœื˜ืจืกืื•ื ื“ ื•ืืฃ ื›ื™ืจื•ืจื’ื™ื ืžื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื”. ื“"ืจ ืืคืœื‘ื•ื, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืคืจื•ืค' ืกื™ื“ื”ื•, ื‘ื™ืฆืขื• ืืช ื”ืคืจื•ืฆื“ื•ืจื” ืขื ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืฉื‘ืขื” ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ืื•ืœื˜ืจื” ืกืื•ื ื“ ื‘ื”ื“ืกื”, ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืœืื•ืœื ื”ื”ืจืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ, ื•ื‘ื• ืฆืคื• ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื‘ ื•ื”ืชืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื ื™ื›ืจืช ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืจื’ืœ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข. "ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ื–ื”, ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืื‘ื—ื ืชื™ ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ", ืืžืจื” ื“"ืจ ืืคืœื‘ื•ื, "ืืš ื™ืชืจื” ืžื›ืš, ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื ื• ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื ืฉืง ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื‘ืจืžืช ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ื•ืง ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ืขื“ ื›ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืชื•ืš ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืงืœื” ืœืฆื“ ื”ืงื˜ื ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื•. ื‘ืจื›ืชื• ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ืค' ืกื™ื“ื”ื•, ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืขื•ืœืžื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืื•ืœื˜ืจืกืื•ื ื“, ืจืง ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ื›ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื‘ืกืกืช ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืชื” ื‘ื—ื•ื“ ื”ื—ื ื™ืช ื”ืื‘ื—ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื”ื“ืžื™ื”. ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉืชื•ืš ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ืชื”ื™ื” ืืžืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื, ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ". ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืืจืฅ ืฉ"ื˜ืขื" ืืช ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืคื ืžื•ืžื—ื” ืžืžืจื›ื– ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื‘ื›ื‘ื“. "ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ โ€“ ื›ืžื• ืื•ืœื˜ืจื” ืกืื•ื ื“ ืจื’ื™ืœ", ืกื™ืคืจ ื”ืจื•ืคื. "ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืชืจื•ื ืืช ื—ืœืงื™ ืœื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ื”ื“ืžื™ื”, ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื“ืกื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืจืฉื™ื ื›ื”ืจื’ืœื• ื•ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื–ื›ื™ืชื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช", ืกื™ื›ื.
ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืคืจ ื—ื‘"ื“: ื‘ืชืื•ื ืช ืจื›ื‘ืช ืงืฉื” ื ื”ืจื’ื” ื”ื ืขืจื” ื ืขืžื™ ืžืขื•ื“ื” ืข"ื” ืžื ืชื ื™ื”, ื‘ืช 19, ืชืœืžื™ื“ืช ืžื›ืœืœืช "ื‘ื™ืช ืจื‘ืงื”" ื‘ื›ืคืจ ื—ื‘"ื“ ื‘'. ื ืขืžื™ ืข"ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ื‘ืœื—ื˜"ื ืจ' ื™ืื™ืจ ืžืขื•ื“ื” ืžื”ื ื”ืœืช ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื—ื‘"ื“ ื‘ืขื™ืจ. ื ืขืžื™ ืข"ื”, ืชืœืžื™ื“ื” ืžืฆื˜ื™ื™ื ืช ื‘ืžื›ืœืœื”, ื”ืชื™ื™ืชืžื” ืœืคื ื™ 9 ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื™ืžื”, ื”ื’ื‘' ืจื•ื™ื˜ืœ ืืคืจืช ืžืขื•ื“ื” ืข"ื”, ืฉื ืคื˜ืจื” ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืช 35, ืœืื—ืจ ืžืื‘ืง ืžืžื•ืฉืš ื‘ืžื—ืœื” ืงืฉื”, ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื•ืชื™ืจื” ืื—ืจื™ื” ืฉื™ืฉื” ื™ืœื“ื™ื. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชืื•ื ื”, ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื•ืคืกืงื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœืžืกืคืจ ืฉืขื•ืช. ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ ื—ื™ืจื•ื ืฉืœ ืจื›ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืžืฉื˜ืจื”, ืžื“"ื ื•ื–ืง"ื ื”ื•ื–ืขืงื• ืœืžืงื•ื ื•ืคืชื—ื• ื‘ื—ืงื™ืจื”. ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืืกื•ืŸ ื”ื›ื‘ื“ ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื™ื›ื•ื–ื™ ื—ื‘"ื“ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื”ื•ืชื™ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื™ื” ื•ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื” ื”ืžื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื›ื•ืื‘ื•ืช. ื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ, ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช ืชืฉืก"ื’, ื ื”ืจื’ื• ื‘ืชืื•ื ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืงื˜ืœื ื™ืช ืœื™ื“ ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืขื™ืจ ืืœืขื“ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”: ืกื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ืขืจื”, ื“ื•ื“ืชื”, ื•ืื—ื•ืชื” ื‘ืช ื”-6. ืื‘ื™ื”, ื™ื‘ืœื—ื˜"ื ืจ' ื™ืื™ืจ ืžืขื•ื“ื”, ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืœื•ื—ื™ ื—ื‘"ื“ ื‘ื ืชื ื™ื”. ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื›ืจ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืžืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื• ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืžืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ืกื“ ืฉืœื• ื›ืžืชื ื“ื‘ ื•ืชื™ืง ื‘'ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืฆืœื”'. ื”ืœื•ื™ื™ืชื” ืชืฆื ื‘ืฉืขื” 14:00 ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ืขืœืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืขื™ืŸ.
ื—ื ืงืŸ ืฆื”ื•ื‘-ืžืงื•ืจ (ืฉื ืžื“ืขื™: Corvinella corvina; ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื’ื ื—ื ืงืŸ ืืจืš ื–ื ื‘, ืืš ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืชื‘ืœื‘ืœ ืขื ื”ืžื™ืŸ Lanius schach ืฉื’ื ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื›ืš) ื”ื•ื ืžื™ืŸ ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ ืืคืจื™ืงื ื™ืช ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ื—ื ืงื ื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ืกื“ืจืช ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจ ื•ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืžื™ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื•. ื”ื—ื ืงืŸ ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืื•ืจืš 30 ืก"ืž, ืขื ื”ื–ื ื‘, ื•ืœืžืฉืงืœ 65 ื’ืจื ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืœ ื ื•ืฆื•ืช ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืขื ื–ื ื‘ ืืจื•ืš ื•ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื•ื›ื ืคื™ื™ื ืงืฆืจื•ืช. ื”ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื ื›ื”ื” ื•ืขืœ ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื™ืฉ "ืžืกื™ื›ื”" ืฉื—ื•ืจื”. ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืžืขื•ืงืœ ืžืขื˜ ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืฉืชืžืข ืžื”ืฉื ื”ื•ื ืฆื”ื•ื‘. ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฆื”ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืจืฃ ืคืจื•ืขื•ืช ืžืขื˜. ื”ื›ื ืคื™ื™ื ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ื•ืžืขื˜ ืžื ื•ืžืจื•ืช ืขื ื—ืœืง ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืชื. ื”ื—ื–ื” ืืคื•ืจ ืžื ื•ืžืจ ืžืขื˜ ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ืŸ ืœื‘ื ื”. ื”ื—ื ืงื ื™ื ื”ื ืขื•ืคื•ืช ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื•ืจื•ื‘ ื–ืžื ื ืžืชืฆืคืชื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืžืขื ืคื™ื ืื• ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื. ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ืขืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขืฆื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื˜ืจื•ืคื™ ืžืกื ื’ืœ ืขื“ ืื•ื’ื ื“ื”, ื›ืฉืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ืื—ืช ื ืฆืคืชื” ื’ื ื‘ืžืขืจื‘ ืงื ื™ื”. ื”ื ืžืงื ื ื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืจืง ื ืงื‘ื” ืื—ืช ืžื˜ื™ืœื” ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื - 4 ืื• 5, ื•ื”ืฉืืจ ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื’ื“ืœ ืืช ื”ื’ื•ื–ืœื™ื, ืœื”ืื›ื™ืœื ื•ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืžื˜ื•ืจืคื™ื. ื›ืžื• ืฉืืจ ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ื—ื ืงื ื™ื™ื, ื—ื ืงืŸ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืื•ื›ืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ื”ื ื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื—ืจืงื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืžืฉืœืฉื•ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืืชืจ ืžื’ื‘ื•ื”. ื”ื•ื ืขื˜ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืจืงื™ื, ืชื•ืคืก ืื•ืชื ื‘ืžืงื•ืจื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืžืฉืคื“ ืื•ืชื• ืขืœ ืฆืžื— ืงื•ืฆื ื™ ืื• ืขืœ ื’ื“ืจ ืชื™ืœ ื•ืฉื ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื ืฉืžืจ. ื”ื ื’ื ื™ื’ื•ื•ื ื• ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืžื• ืœื˜ืื•ืช, ื“ื•-ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื’ื•ื–ืœื™ ืขื•ืคื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื, ืื•ืชื ื”ื ื”ื•ืจื’ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื“ืจืš. ืœื—ื ืงืŸ ืฆื”ื•ื‘-ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื ื ืฉืงืคืช ืกื›ื ื” ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข. ืื•ื—ื–ืจ ืžืชื•ืš "https://he.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ื—ื ืงืŸ_ืฆื”ื•ื‘-ืžืงื•ืจ&oldid=26555909" ื“ืฃ ื–ื” ื ืขืจืš ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ึพ16:21, 22 ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2019.
ื–ื•ืœ ืžืจืื” ืคื•ืœื ื™ ื›ืœื™ ื›ืกืฃ ืกื˜ ืขื ื—ื“ืฉ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืกื›ื•"ื. TOMERRY INDUSTRIES CO., LTD. Alibaba.com ืžืฆื™ืข 5641 ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ืกื˜ ื›ืœื™ ื›ืกืฃ. ืืคืฉืจ ื‘ืขืจืš 80% ืžื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ื ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื›ืœื™ ืื•ื›ืœ, 9% ื”ื ืกื˜ ื›ืœื™ ืื•ื›ืœ, ื•-1% ื”ื ืžื’ืฉื™ ืื—ืกื•ืŸ. ื•ื’ื ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกื˜ ื›ืœื™ ื›ืกืฃ , ืœืžืฉืœ ce / ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ืื™ืจื•ืคื™, ื”-fda, ื•sgs.ื’ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืชื›ืช, ื‘ืžื‘ื•ืง ื•ืขืฅ ืกื˜ ื›ืœื™ ื›ืกืฃืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื™ื“ ืกื˜ ื›ืœื™ ื›ืกืฃ. ืืคืฉืจ ื’ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืื ืกื˜ ื›ืœื™ ื›ืกืฃ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ืจื•ืกื˜ื”,ื›ืกืฃ ื™ืฉื ื 5621 ืกืคืงื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื˜ ื›ืœื™ ื›ืกืฃ, ืฉืžืžื•ืงืžื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ East Asia. ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืกืคืงื™ื ื”ืŸ ืกื™ืŸ ( ื™ื‘ืฉืช ), ื™ืคืŸ, ื• ื”ื•ื“ื•, ืืฉืจ ืžืกืคืงื•ืช 96%, 1%, ื• 1% ืฉืœ ืกื˜ ื›ืœื™ ื›ืกืฃ, ื‘ื”ืชืืžื”. ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ืื˜ ื›ืœื™ ื›ืกืฃ ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘-North America, ื‘-South America, ื•ื‘-Western Europe. ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืกืคืงื™ื ื”ืžืื•ืฉืจื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ 626, ื‘ืขืœ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ISO9001, 154, ื‘ืขืœ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ Other, 108, ื‘ืขืœ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ISO14001.
ื”ืžืœื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืืจื—ื” Munden House ืžืฆื™ืข ื—ื“ืจื™ื ื™ืคื™ื ื‘-Sherborne. ืงื™ืžื•ืช ืื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ Sherborne, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ Athelhampton House, Greenbank Pool ื•Ashley Wood Golf Club ืžืžื•ืงืžื•ืช ืงืจื•ื‘. ื”ืžืœื•ืŸ โ€, 5 ืง"ืž ืžืžืจื›ื– Sherborne. ื”ืžืœื•ืŸ ืžืฆื™ืข 8 ื—ื“ืจื™ื. ื›ื•ืœื ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœื™ื˜ืช ื˜ืžืค' ืื™ืฉื™ืช, ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื™ืช LCD, ืื–ื•ืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ืžื’ื”ืฅ ืžื›ื ืกื™ื™ื ื•ืกืคื”. ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื’ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื— ื›ืœื™ื, ืงื•ืžืงื•ื ื•ืชื ื•ืจ ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ื“ืจ.