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200 | Historically, the first use of the term Latin America has been traced only as far back as the 1850s. It did not originate within the region, but again from outside, as part of a movement called “pan-Latinism” that emerged in French intellectual circles, and more particularly in the writings of Michel Chevalier (1806-79... | Holloway ‘08 (Thomas H.- author of “A Companion to Latin American History”; “Latin America: What’s in a Name?”; January 2008; http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-1405131616.html>) | , the first use of the term Latin America has been traced only as far back as the 1850s as part of a movement called “pan-Latinism” that emerged in French intellectual circles, in the writings of Chevalier who traveled in Mexico and the United States From those beginnings pan-Latinism had developed as a cultural projec... | The term “Latin America” originated in French intellectual circles in order to map the region---it’s historically accurate | 1,964 | 122 | 617 | 300 | 17 | 98 | 0.056667 | 0.326667 | Critical Neglect Negative Supplement - Northwestern 2013 6WeekSeniors.html5 | Northwestern (NHSI) | Case Negatives | 2013 |
201 | It is commonly known that the more general term “America” derives from the name of Amerigo Vespucci (1451?-1512), another navigator of Italian origin who made several voyages to the Caribbean region and along the coast of northern Brazil from 1497 to 1502. Unlike Columbus, Vespucci concluded that Europeans did not prev... | Holloway ‘08 (Thomas H.- author of “A Companion to Latin American History”; “Latin America: What’s in a Name?”; January 2008; http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-1405131616.html>) | It is commonly known that “America” derives from the name of Amerigo Vespucci who made several voyages to the Caribbean region and along the coast of northern Brazil from 1497 to 1502. Vespucci concluded that Europeans did not previously know about the lands he visited in the west, and he thus referred to them as the N... | Their logic means the term “America” is offensive, make them propose an alternative | 956 | 83 | 669 | 155 | 13 | 113 | 0.083871 | 0.729032 | Critical Neglect Negative Supplement - Northwestern 2013 6WeekSeniors.html5 | Northwestern (NHSI) | Case Negatives | 2013 |
202 | Not until the middle of the 20th century did the label Latin America achieve widespread and largely unquestioned currency in public as well as academic and intellectual discourse, both in the region (Marras 1992) and outside of it. With the establishment of the Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLA, later adding ... | Holloway ‘08 (Thomas H.- author of “A Companion to Latin American History”; “Latin America: What’s in a Name?”; January 2008; http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-1405131616.html>) | Not until the middle of the 20th century did Latin America achieve widespread currency in academic and intellectual discourse both in the region and outside of it. the term became consolidated in policy circles devoid of the rivalries of culture, language, and “race” of earlier times The 1960s saw the near-universal ad... | The term is politically correct and unproblematic---there’s no alternative or a root cause | 1,984 | 90 | 630 | 298 | 13 | 101 | 0.043624 | 0.338926 | Critical Neglect Negative Supplement - Northwestern 2013 6WeekSeniors.html5 | Northwestern (NHSI) | Case Negatives | 2013 |
203 | Cuba is a Third World country that aspires to First World medicine and health. Its health-care system is not only a national public good but also a vital export commodity. Under the Castro brothers' rule, Cubans' average life expectancy has increased from 58 years (in 1950) to 77 years (in 2009), giving Cuba the world'... | Garrett Senior Fellow for Global Health at the Council on Foreign Relations 2010 Laurie “Castrocare in Crisis Will Lifting the Embargo Make Things Worse?” Foreign Affairs July/August http://terpconnect.umd.edu/~kmcm/Articles/Castrocare%20in%20Crisis.pdf | Under the Castro brothers' rule, Cubans' average life expectancy has increased from 58 years to 77 years Cuba has the second-lowest child mortality rate in the Americas and the lowest per capita HIV/AIDS prevalence. | Unq link – Cuban health care is rapidly improving - easing the embargo hurts Cuban health care industry – brain drain and medical tourism | 914 | 137 | 215 | 141 | 24 | 34 | 0.170213 | 0.241135 | Cuba Embargo Negative - Starter Pack - Berkeley 2013.html5 | Berkeley (CNDI) | Case Negatives | 2013 |
204 | Furious though it may be, the current debate over health care in the US is largely irrelevant to charting a path for poor countries of Africa, Latin America, Asia, and the Pacific Islands. That is because the US squanders perhaps 10 to 20 times what is needed for a good, affordable medical system. The waste is far more... | Monthly Review 7/12/2012 “Why Is Cuba's Health Care System the Best Model for Poor Countries?” http://mrzine.monthlyreview.org/2012/fitz071212.html | health care in the US is irrelevant to charting a path for poor countries | Cuba is a key model for global health care – key to disease prevention | 607 | 71 | 73 | 94 | 14 | 14 | 0.148936 | 0.148936 | Cuba Embargo Negative - Starter Pack - Berkeley 2013.html5 | Berkeley (CNDI) | Case Negatives | 2013 |
205 | The two keys to Cuba's medical and public health achievements are training provided by the state and a community-based approach that requires physicians to live in the neighborhoods they serve and be on call 24 hours a day. In the wake of the 1959 Cuban Revolution, more than one-third of Cuba's doctors fled, mostly to ... | Garrett Senior Fellow for Global Health at the Council on Foreign Relations 2010 Laurie “Castrocare in Crisis Will Lifting the Embargo Make Things Worse?” Foreign Affairs July/August http://terpconnect.umd.edu/~kmcm/Articles/Castrocare%20in%20Crisis.pdf | The two keys to Cuba's medical and public health achievements are training provided by the state and a community-based approach that requires physicians to live in the neighborhoods they serve and be on call 24 hours a day. | Cuban health care industry good – improving and good doctor patient ratios | 601 | 75 | 223 | 100 | 12 | 38 | 0.12 | 0.38 | Cuba Embargo Negative - Starter Pack - Berkeley 2013.html5 | Berkeley (CNDI) | Case Negatives | 2013 |
206 | However, impacts of sanctions on Cuba's financial systems, medical supplies, and aggregate health measures appear to be attenuated by their successes in other aspects of health care. Despite the embargo, Cuba has produced better health outcomes than most Latin American countries, and they are comparable to those of mos... | Drain School of Medicine, Stanford University & Barry Member of the Social Sciences Research Council Cuban Working Group of the American Council of Learned Societies 2010 Paul & Michele “Fifty Years of U.S. Embargo: Cuba's Health Outcomes and Lessons” Science Magazine April http://www.sciencemag.org/content/328/5978/57... | Despite the embargo, Cuba has produced better health outcomes than most Latin American countries, and they are comparable to those of most developed countries Cuba has the highest average life expectancy and density of physicians per capita and the lowest infant and child mortality rates among 33 Latin American and Car... | Cuban health care good now – trends and focus on preventative care | 624 | 67 | 336 | 94 | 12 | 52 | 0.12766 | 0.553191 | Cuba Embargo Negative - Starter Pack - Berkeley 2013.html5 | Berkeley (CNDI) | Case Negatives | 2013 |
207 | Internet access is virtually nonexistent. And the Cuban health care system also seems unreal. There are too many doctors. Everybody has a family physician. Everything is free, totally free — and not after prior approval or some copay. The whole system seems turned upside down. It is tightly organized, and the first pri... | Campion M.D. & Morrissey Ph.D. 2013 Edward & Stephen “A Different Model — Medical Care in Cuba” New England Journal of Medicine http://www.sld.cu/galerias/pdf/sitios/santiagodecuba/nejmp1215226_1.pdf | the Cuban health care system seems unreal. There are too many doctors. Everybody has a family physician. Everything is free, It is tightly organized, and the first priority is prevention. Although Cuba has limited economic resources, its health care system has solved some problems that ours has not yet managed to addre... | Cuban health care doing good – lots of doctors and focus on prevention | 479 | 71 | 323 | 77 | 13 | 52 | 0.168831 | 0.675325 | Cuba Embargo Negative - Starter Pack - Berkeley 2013.html5 | Berkeley (CNDI) | Case Negatives | 2013 |
208 | This highly structured, prevention-oriented system has produced positive results. Vaccination rates in Cuba are among the highest in the world. The life expectancy of 78 years from birth is virtually identical to that in the United States. The infant mortality rate in Cuba has fallen from more than 80 per 1000 live bir... | Campion M.D. & Morrissey Ph.D. 2013 Edward & Stephen “A Different Model — Medical Care in Cuba” New England Journal of Medicine http://www.sld.cu/galerias/pdf/sitios/santiagodecuba/nejmp1215226_1.pdf | This highly structured, prevention-oriented system has produced positive results. Vaccination rates in Cuba are among the highest in the world. The life expectancy is virtually identical to that in the U S The infant mortality rate in Cuba has fallen lower than the U.S. rate, Cuba’s literacy rate is 99%, and health edu... | Cuban health care strong – lots of positive trends | 1,267 | 51 | 370 | 207 | 9 | 60 | 0.043478 | 0.289855 | Cuba Embargo Negative - Starter Pack - Berkeley 2013.html5 | Berkeley (CNDI) | Case Negatives | 2013 |
209 | But a lot may change if the United States alters its policies toward Cuba. In 2009, a group of 30 physicians from Florida toured Cira García and concluded that once the U.S. embargo is lifted, the facility will be overwhelmed by its foreign patients. It takes little imagination to envision chains of private clinics, lo... | Garrett Senior Fellow for Global Health at the Council on Foreign Relations 2010 Laurie “Castrocare in Crisis Will Lifting the Embargo Make Things Worse?” Foreign Affairs July/August http://terpconnect.umd.edu/~kmcm/Articles/Castrocare%20in%20Crisis.pdf | once the U.S. embargo is lifted, the facility will be overwhelmed by foreign patients. It takes little imagination to envision chains of private clinics, located near five-star hotels and beach resorts, catering to the elective needs of North Americans and Europeans. providing health care to wealthy foreigners would dr... | Internal and external brain drain | 748 | 33 | 386 | 120 | 5 | 57 | 0.041667 | 0.475 | Cuba Embargo Negative - Starter Pack - Berkeley 2013.html5 | Berkeley (CNDI) | Case Negatives | 2013 |
210 | According to Steven Ullmann of the University of Miami's Cuba Transition Project, if Washington lifts its embargo, Cuba can expect a mass exodus of health-care workers and then the creation of a domestic health system with two tiers, one private and one public. The system's lower, public tier would be at risk of comple... | Garrett Senior Fellow for Global Health at the Council on Foreign Relations 2010 Laurie “Castrocare in Crisis Will Lifting the Embargo Make Things Worse?” Foreign Affairs July/August http://terpconnect.umd.edu/~kmcm/Articles/Castrocare%20in%20Crisis.pdf | if Washington lifts its embargo, Cuba can expect a mass exodus of health-care workers and then the creation of a domestic health system with two tiers, one private and one public. The system's public tier would be at risk of complete collapse. | Easing the embargo Brain drain which collapses Cuba’s public health care system | 907 | 80 | 243 | 139 | 12 | 42 | 0.086331 | 0.302158 | Cuba Embargo Negative - Starter Pack - Berkeley 2013.html5 | Berkeley (CNDI) | Case Negatives | 2013 |
211 | Given the range of issues dividing the two countries, experts say there is a long process that would precede resumption of diplomatic relations. Daniel P. Erikson of the InterAmerican Dialogue says that though "you could have the resumption of bilateral talks on issues related to counternarcotics or immigration, or a p... | Hanson associate director and coordinating editor at CFR.org 2009 Stephanie “US Cuba Relations” Council on Foreign Relations 4/14 http://gees.org/documentos/Documen-03412.pdf | there is a long process that would precede resumption of diplomatic relations. you are not going to see the full restoration of diplomatic relations" in the near term. | Ending sanctions doesn’t solve relations | 435 | 41 | 167 | 70 | 5 | 28 | 0.071429 | 0.4 | Cuba Embargo Negative - Starter Pack - Berkeley 2013.html5 | Berkeley (CNDI) | Case Negatives | 2013 |
212 | Joe Nye is correct. Soft power contributes importantly to the nation's ability to achieve its goals in the world. But I don't think Professor Nye would disagree that soft power also has its limitations. U.S. attractiveness to others will never be shaped fundamentally by the government, nor can it be tapped for use in p... | Barry M Blechman, founder and president of DFI International Inc., a research and consulting company in Washington, DC (frequent consultant to the US Government),Winter 2004/2005 “Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics,” Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 119, Iss 4; pg. 680-681, proquest, accessed 07/10/07 | oe Nye is correct. Soft power contributes importantly to the nation's ability to achieve its goals in the world. But soft power also has its limitations. U.S. attractiveness to others will never be shaped fundamentally by the government, nor can it be tapped for use in particular situations. Nor will soft power be a do... | Policies can’t increase soft power, and impacts are limited by security concerns. | 560 | 81 | 511 | 90 | 12 | 82 | 0.133333 | 0.911111 | Cuba Embargo Negative - Starter Pack - Berkeley 2013.html5 | Berkeley (CNDI) | Case Negatives | 2013 |
213 | "The United States Exerts Influence Through Soft Power" Not really. Harvard political scientist Joseph S. Nye Jr. coined the concept of "soft power"-the notion that nontraditional forces such as cultural and commercial goods can exert influence in world affairs. And since so many of the world's largest multinationals a... | Niall Ferguson, Laurence A. Tisch Professor of History at Harvard University, Jan/Feb 2003, “Power,” Foreign Policy, Iss. 134; pg. 18, 6 pgs, proquest, accessed 07/09/07 | Nye coined the concept of "soft power But the trouble with soft power is that it's, well, soft All over the Islamic world kids enjoy bottles of Coke, Do any of these things make them love the United States more? Strangely In the 19th century, Great Britain pioneered the use of soft power . Yet it was precisely from the... | Soft power can’t shape international attitudes. | 1,444 | 47 | 588 | 232 | 6 | 98 | 0.025862 | 0.422414 | Cuba Embargo Negative - Starter Pack - Berkeley 2013.html5 | Berkeley (CNDI) | Case Negatives | 2013 |
214 | At present Cuba possesses an estimated 4.6 million barrels of oil and 9.3 TFC (total final consumption) of natural gas in North Cuba Basin.4 This is approximately half of the estimated 10.4 billion barrels of recoverable crude oil in the Alaska Natural Wildlife Reserve. If viewed in strictly instrumental terms—namely, ... | Benjamin-Alvadaro 10 (Jonathan, Report for the Cuban Research Institute, Florida International University, PhD, Professor of Political Science at University of Nebraska at Omaha, Director of the Intelligence Community Centers of Academic Excellence Program at UNO, Treasurer of the American Political Science Association... | Cuba possesses an estimated 4.6 million barrels of oil This is approximately half of the estimated 10.4 billion barrels of recoverable crude oil in the Alaska Natural Wildlife Reserve. If viewed in strictly instrumental terms namely, increasing the pool of potential imports to the U.S. market by accessing Cuban oil and... | Plan doesn’t affect US oil markets significantly | 901 | 48 | 745 | 129 | 7 | 105 | 0.054264 | 0.813953 | Cuba Embargo Negative - Starter Pack - Berkeley 2013.html5 | Berkeley (CNDI) | Case Negatives | 2013 |
215 | The shaded blocks in Figure 1 indicate the 16 blocks under contract with various oil companies. Six blocks are under contract to Repsol-YSP from Spain,12 4 blocks with Sherritt from Canada, 6 blocks are presently under negotiation, and the remaining 43 are presently open. According to Cuban energy officials, the object... | Benjamin-Alvadaro 06 (Jonathan, Report for the Cuban Research Institute, Florida International University, PhD, Professor of Political Science at University of Nebraska at Omaha, Director of the Intelligence Community Centers of Academic Excellence Program at UNO, Treasurer of the American Political Science Association... | The shaded blocks indicate the 16 blocks under contract with various oil companies. The 2005 report estimated that the oil reserves off the northwest coast of Cuba contained a mean of 4.6 billion barrels of oil By comparison, the 1998 USGS study of ANWR contains resource volumes of 5.7 to 16 billion billion barrels of ... | The plan doesn’t trigger that much new oil---Cuba’s reserves are half the size of ANWR | 1,370 | 86 | 460 | 231 | 15 | 82 | 0.064935 | 0.354978 | Cuba Embargo Negative - Starter Pack - Berkeley 2013.html5 | Berkeley (CNDI) | Case Negatives | 2013 |
216 | 3. When deciding whether to approve seismic testing or exploration and production off the east coast, your department needs to balance the safety of those special areas against the potential for damage from oil drilling. The only way to adequately assess the balance would be for your department (with the participation ... | Gravitz 9—Oceans Advocate for Environment America [Michael Gravitz, Statement at the Department of Interior Hearing On Offshore Ocean Energy Development in Atlantic City, New Jersey, April 6, 2009, pg. http://tinyurl.com/cxkzanz] | When deciding whether to approve production off the east coast, your department needs to balance the safety of those special areas against the potential for damage from drilling The only way to adequately assess the balance would be to do a comprehensive census of those special places and analyze possible impacts the o... | Every new offshore drilling operation threatens critical species in the ocean environment | 5,898 | 89 | 1,560 | 960 | 12 | 253 | 0.0125 | 0.263542 | Cuba Embargo Negative - Starter Pack - Berkeley 2013.html5 | Berkeley (CNDI) | Case Negatives | 2013 |
217 | The hotspots are the world’s most biologically rich areas hence recognized as important ecosystems not important¶ only for the rich biodiversity but equally important for the human survival as these are the homes for more than¶ 20% of the world’s population. India got recognition of one of the mega-diversity countries ... | Nautiyal & Nidamanuri 10—Centre for Ecological Economics and Natural Resources @ Institute for Social and Economic Change & Department of Earth and Space Sciences @ Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology [SUNIL NAUTIYAL1 & RAMA RAO NIDAMANURI “Conserving Biodiversity in Protected Area of Biodiversity Hotspot ... | The hotspots are the world’s most biologically rich areas hence recognized as important ecosystems not important only for the rich biodiversity but equally important for the human survival Policy makers and decision takers have recognized the importance of biodiversity An approach which leads towards conservation of bi... | These environmental hotspots are vital for human survival | 1,922 | 57 | 413 | 283 | 8 | 59 | 0.028269 | 0.208481 | Cuba Embargo Negative - Starter Pack - Berkeley 2013.html5 | Berkeley (CNDI) | Case Negatives | 2013 |
218 | The 2003 Iraq War provides an interesting example of the inter- play of the two forms of power. Some of the motives for war were based on the deterrent effect of hard power. Donald Rumsfeld is re- ported to have entered office believing that the United States "was seen around the world as a paper tiger, a weak giant th... | Nye 04 (Joseph Professor of International Relations at Harvard, Soft Power, pg. 26-27) | The 03 Iraq War provides an interesting example of the inter- play of the two forms of power. Some of the motives for war were based on the deterrent effect of hard power. Even when a military balance of power is impossible other countries can still band together to deprive the U.S. policy of legitimacy and thus weaken... | US soft power is key to US power projection globally. | 3,161 | 53 | 917 | 532 | 10 | 157 | 0.018797 | 0.295113 | Cuba Embargo Negative - Starter Pack - Berkeley 2013.html5 | Berkeley (CNDI) | Case Negatives | 2013 |
219 | One year later, Charles Krauthammer emphasized in "The Unipolar Moment" that the United States had emerged from the Cold War as by far the most powerful country on the planet.2 He urged American leaders not to be reticent about using that power "to lead a unipolar world, unashamedly laying down the rules of world order... | Mearsheimer 2011 (John J., R. Wendell Harrison Distinguished Service Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago, The National Interest, Imperial by Design, lexis) | Krauthammer emphasized in "The Unipolar Moment the United States is now engaged in protracted wars the American military is not going to win either one of these conflicts The United States has also been unable to solve foreign-policy problems Washington has worked overtime-with no success-to shut down Iran's uranium-en... | Hegemony doesn’t solve global conflicts | 3,781 | 40 | 788 | 610 | 5 | 123 | 0.008197 | 0.201639 | Cuba Embargo Negative - Starter Pack - Berkeley 2013.html5 | Berkeley (CNDI) | Case Negatives | 2013 |
220 | As, the United States moves to reshape the geopolitical terrain of the world, 'Nith hundreds of military bases in 130 countries added to hundreds of installations stretched across its own territorial confines, the vast majority of Americans refuse to admit their nation possesses anything resembling an Empire. Yet U.S. ... | Boggs 2005 (Carl, Professor of Social Science at National University, Imperial Delusions p. x-xiii) | vast majority of Americans refuse to admit their nation possesses anything resembling an Empire the "new militarism" is rooted in a "new imperialism" that aspires to nothing short of world domination set out to remove all vestiges of ideological and material impediments to worldwide power-by every means at its disposal... | US leadership is unsustainable and mass suffering, militarism and conflict | 6,969 | 74 | 3,038 | 1,041 | 10 | 462 | 0.009606 | 0.443804 | Cuba Embargo Negative - Starter Pack - Berkeley 2013.html5 | Berkeley (CNDI) | Case Negatives | 2013 |
221 | At present, U.S. imperialism appears particularly blatant because it is linked directly with war in this way, and points to an endless series of wars in the future to achieve essentially the same ends. However, if we wish to understand the underlying forces at work, we should not let this heightened militarism and aggr... | Foster research at the North South Institute 2003 John Imperial America and War, Monthly Review, May 28 http://www.monthlyreview.org/0503jbf.htm | , U.S. imperialism appears particularly blatant because it is linked directly with war and points to an endless series of wars in the future to achieve essentially the same ends. we should not let this heightened militarism and aggression distract us from the inner logic of imperialism, most evident in the rising gap i... | Imperialism necessitates endless systems of war and global inequality | 1,168 | 70 | 893 | 185 | 9 | 141 | 0.048649 | 0.762162 | Cuba Embargo Negative - Starter Pack - Berkeley 2013.html5 | Berkeley (CNDI) | Case Negatives | 2013 |
222 | A second contention advanced by proponents of American hegemony is that the United States cannot withdraw from Eurasia because a great power war there could shape the post conflict international system in ways harmful to U.S. interests. Hence, the United States "could suffer few economic losses during a war, or even be... | Christopher Layne (Associate Professor in the Bush School of Government and Public Service at Texas A&M University) 2006 “The Peace of Illusions” p 176-7 | proponents of American hegemony overestimate the amount of influence that the United States has on the international system. There are numerous possible geopolitical rivalries in Eurasia The United States has only limited power to affect the amount of war and peace in the international system, and whatever influence it... | HEGEMONY DOESN’T SOLVE CONFLICT – extend Mearsheimer – Iran, North Korea and Middle East conflict all prove the US is declining as a global problem solver | 1,876 | 155 | 815 | 298 | 26 | 126 | 0.087248 | 0.422819 | Cuba Embargo Negative - Starter Pack - Berkeley 2013.html5 | Berkeley (CNDI) | Case Negatives | 2013 |
223 | 3. Strategic Recovery by the US. The US will not, in 2012 or 2013, show signs of any recovery of its global strategic credibility or real strength. Its manufacturing and science and technology sectors will continue to suffer from low (even declining) productivity and difficulty in capital formation (for political reaso... | Copley June 2012 (Gregory R., editor of Defense & Foreign Affairs’ Strategic Policy, Strategic Policy in an Age of Global Realignment, lexis) | The US will not, in 2012 or 2013, show signs of any recovery of its global strategic credibility or real strength. manufacturing and science and technology continue to suffer from declining) productivity significant US recovery is not feasible given political and economic policies and impasse US allies will increasingl... | HEG IS UNSUSTAINABLE – extend Boggs – US hegemony is facing a crisis in legitimacy both internationally and domestically – guarantees a transition away from military based leadership | 1,561 | 183 | 630 | 238 | 28 | 97 | 0.117647 | 0.407563 | Cuba Embargo Negative - Starter Pack - Berkeley 2013.html5 | Berkeley (CNDI) | Case Negatives | 2013 |
224 | Whatever the objective merits of the United States as a world actor or global policeman, if other major actors lack confidence in America's ability to maintain open markets, if they believe that the global economic system is rigged against them, if they perceive other actors such as China or Germany to be taking advant... | Allin Senior Fellow at the International Institute for Strategic Studies & Jones is professor of European studies at Johns Hopkins's SAIS Bologna Centre 2012 Dana & Erik Special Issue: Weary policeman: American power in an age of austerity - Chapter Five: Power, influence and leadership Adelphi series 52(430-431) Taylo... | Whatever the objective merits of the U S as a world actor or global policeman, if other major actors lack confidence in America's ability to maintain open markets, if they believe that the global economic system is rigged against them, if they perceive other actors such as China or Germany to be taking advantage of the... | Global perception declining support | 516 | 36 | 449 | 85 | 4 | 77 | 0.047059 | 0.905882 | Cuba Embargo Negative - Starter Pack - Berkeley 2013.html5 | Berkeley (CNDI) | Case Negatives | 2013 |
225 | Sometimes perceptions create their own realities. Even if we choose to ignore the material constraints on the exercise of US foreign policy, the simple fact that there is such intense debate about the declining influence of the United States could have important implications for the stability of the global system – a s... | Allin Senior Fellow at the International Institute for Strategic Studies & Jones is professor of European studies at Johns Hopkins's SAIS Bologna Centre 2012 Dana & Erik Special Issue: Weary policeman: American power in an age of austerity - Chapter Five: Power, influence and leadership Adelphi series 52(430-431) Taylo... | perceptions create their own realities Even if we choose to ignore the material constraints on the exercise of US foreign policy, the simple fact that there is such intense debate about the declining influence of the U S could have important implications for the global system Other countries will only buy into an Ameri... | Winning that there is a perception of US decline is sufficient to win the sustainability debate | 753 | 95 | 419 | 123 | 16 | 70 | 0.130081 | 0.569106 | Cuba Embargo Negative - Starter Pack - Berkeley 2013.html5 | Berkeley (CNDI) | Case Negatives | 2013 |
226 | Much of the current speculation about the future is that power will follow the growth in relative wealth and population.12 The gist of the argument is that current trends will not lead to a total eclipse of the United States, but they will result in its relative decline. And the preliminary evidence in terms of trade, ... | Allin Senior Fellow at the International Institute for Strategic Studies & Jones is professor of European studies at Johns Hopkins's SAIS Bologna Centre 2012 Dana & Erik Special Issue: Weary policeman: American power in an age of austerity - Chapter Five: Power, influence and leadership Adelphi series 52(430-431) Taylo... | power will follow the growth in relative wealth and population current trends will result in relative decline. And the preliminary evidence in terms of trade, investment and short-term capital flows suggests that the argument has merit The rise of Germany has altered the incentives for Europeans to accept American hege... | Rising economic powers decline | 874 | 31 | 470 | 143 | 4 | 74 | 0.027972 | 0.517483 | Cuba Embargo Negative - Starter Pack - Berkeley 2013.html5 | Berkeley (CNDI) | Case Negatives | 2013 |
227 | It is not obvious, in other words, how America will escape its current political paralysis. Leadership on climate change looks unlikely – yet failure to lead could be catastrophic. Economic revival will be difficult – yet that revival is a prerequisite to most other goals, foreign and domestic. Balance, of savings and ... | Allin Senior Fellow at the International Institute for Strategic Studies & Jones is professor of European studies at Johns Hopkins's SAIS Bologna Centre 2012 Dana & Erik Special Issue: Weary policeman: American power in an age of austerity - Conclusion: Realist Dilemmas Adelphi series 52(430-431) Taylor & Francis | It is not obvious how America will escape its current political paralysis. Leadership on climate change looks unlikely – yet failure to lead could be catastrophic Economic revival will be difficult – yet that revival is a prerequisite to most other goals, foreign and domestic. Balance, of savings and investment as well... | Decline inevitable – domestic politics | 1,039 | 39 | 607 | 161 | 5 | 97 | 0.031056 | 0.602484 | Cuba Embargo Negative - Starter Pack - Berkeley 2013.html5 | Berkeley (CNDI) | Case Negatives | 2013 |
228 | The ideological mindset that legitimizes Western interference and intervention in the affairs of non-European countries assumes that the values of the West are and should be accepted as universal. This became a mantra since the meltdown of the Soviet empire and the adoption of liberal capitalism by the former socialist... | Brun researcher on development issues and international relations & Hersh professor emeritus of Aalborg University, 2012 Ellen & Jacques Faux Internationalism and Really Existing Imperialism Monthly Review 63.11 April http://monthlyreview.org/2012/04/01/faux-internationalism-and-really-existing-imperialism | The ideological mindset that legitimizes Western interference and intervention in the affairs of non-European countries assumes that the values of the West are and should be accepted as universal. Fukuyama popularized the old liberal concept of “the end of history,” meaning that humanity was arriving at the end station... | US HEGEMONY IMPERIALISM – extend Boggs – justifications for US predominance are based in a Fukyaman notion of the end of history – this ideology posits the US as the city on the hill and the rest of the world open for colonial exploitation | 779 | 240 | 536 | 121 | 44 | 83 | 0.363636 | 0.68595 | Cuba Embargo Negative - Starter Pack - Berkeley 2013.html5 | Berkeley (CNDI) | Case Negatives | 2013 |
229 | Classic power functioned as a threat that operated precisely by never actualizing itself, by always remaining a threatening gesture. Such functioning reached its climax in the Cold War, when the threat of mutual nuclear destruction had to remain a threat. With the "war on terror", the invisible threat causes the incess... | Zizek in 2005 (Slavoj, In These Times, August 11, http://www.lacan.com/zizekiranian.htm) | the invisible threat causes the incessant actualization, not of the threat itself, but, of the measures against the threat. the threat triggers the endless series of preemptive strikes We are passing from the logic of MAD to a logic in which ONE SOLE MADMAN runs the entire show The power that presents itself as always ... | Security via military predominance violence and ressentiment | 1,143 | 61 | 465 | 186 | 7 | 78 | 0.037634 | 0.419355 | Cuba Embargo Negative - Starter Pack - Berkeley 2013.html5 | Berkeley (CNDI) | Case Negatives | 2013 |
230 | The history of capitalist imperialism shows, of course, that the subjugation of people and nations has not been driven by humanitarian considerations. It is in this context that leftist support for humanitarian interventionism ought to be discussed. Can it be anything other than an ideological construct legitimizing ac... | Brun researcher on development issues and international relations & Hersh professor emeritus of Aalborg University, 2012 Ellen & Jacques Faux Internationalism and Really Existing Imperialism Monthly Review 63.11 April http://monthlyreview.org/2012/04/01/faux-internationalism-and-really-existing-imperialism | The history of capitalist imperialism shows, that the subjugation of people and nations has not been driven by humanitarian considerations. | MILITARISM – extend Boggs – US leadership necessitates global militarism - any increase in predominance only greases the wheels of militarism and decreases popular resistance to war | 348 | 182 | 139 | 50 | 27 | 20 | 0.54 | 0.4 | Cuba Embargo Negative - Starter Pack - Berkeley 2013.html5 | Berkeley (CNDI) | Case Negatives | 2013 |
231 | Journalist Ron Suskind has noted that neocons always offer “a statement of enveloping peril and no hypothesis for any real solution.” They have no hope of finding a real solution because they have no reason to look for one. Their story allows for success only as a fantasy. In reality, they expect to find nothing but an... | Chernus 6 (Ira, Professor of Peace and Conflict Studies Program at the University of Colorado-Boulder, Monsters to Destroy: The Neoconservative War on Terror and Sin 2006) | “The struggle against evil is going to go on forever.”40 This vision of endless conflict is not a conclusion drawn from observing reality. It is both the premise and the goal of the neocons’ fantasy. Ultimately, it seems, endless resistance is what they really want. Their call for a unipolar world ensures a permanent s... | Furthermore – the fantasy of hegemony militarism | 1,389 | 49 | 581 | 234 | 7 | 97 | 0.029915 | 0.41453 | Cuba Embargo Negative - Starter Pack - Berkeley 2013.html5 | Berkeley (CNDI) | Case Negatives | 2013 |
232 | In Scorched Earth: The Military's Assault on the Environment, William Thomas, a U.S. Navy veteran, illustrates the extent to which the peacetime practices of military institutions damage natural environments and communities. Thomas argues that even "peace" entails a dramatic and widespread war on nature, or as Joni Sea... | Cuomo, Professor of Philosophy, 1996 Chris, Hypatia 11.4, proquest | even "peace" entails a dramatic and widespread war on nature, "The environmental costs of militarized peace bear suspicious resemblance to the costs of war" | B) MILITARISM – Extend Sanders ev – continued reliance on militaristic foreign policies guarantees extinction via destruction of the environment – this outweighs any alternative cause to environmental destruction – even if they win they deter conflict the build up to war accesses our impact | 446 | 292 | 156 | 67 | 45 | 24 | 0.671642 | 0.358209 | Cuba Embargo Negative - Starter Pack - Berkeley 2013.html5 | Berkeley (CNDI) | Case Negatives | 2013 |
233 | There is no longer any question: wealth and power are moving from the North and the West to the East and the South, and the old order dominated by the United States and Europe is giving way to one increasingly shared with non-Western rising states. But if the great wheel of power is turning, what kind of global politic... | Ikenberry 2011 (G. John, Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University, The Future of the Liberal World Order Subtitle: Internationalism After America, Foreign Affairs, May/June, lexis) | the old order dominated by the United States is giving way what kind of global political order will emerge in the aftermath? Some argue Not only is the United States' preeminence passing away but so is rule-based international order this narrative misses a deeper reality: although the United States' position in the glo... | THREAT CONSTRUCTION – the fear of transition violence is what the totality of our argument is criticizing – their focus is an attempt to justify continued imperialist violence – the totality of the link and impact debate are responsive to this argument | 5,084 | 253 | 1,337 | 795 | 42 | 207 | 0.05283 | 0.260377 | Cuba Embargo Negative - Starter Pack - Berkeley 2013.html5 | Berkeley (CNDI) | Case Negatives | 2013 |
234 | REASON FOR REASSURANCE Rising powers will discover another reason to embrace the existing global rules and institutions: doing so will reassure their neighbors as they grow more powerful. A stronger China will make neighboring states potentially less secure, especially if it acts aggressively and exhibits revisionist a... | Ikenberry 2011 (G. John, Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University, The Future of the Liberal World Order Subtitle: Internationalism After America, Foreign Affairs, May/June, lexis) | Rising powers will discover another reason to embrace the existing global rules and institutions: doing so will reassure their neighbors as they grow more powerful A stronger China will make neighboring states potentially less secure if it acts aggressively Beijing has incentives to signal restraint As China's economic... | No transition wars- rising states will integrate into international institutions- no incentives for aggression | 4,414 | 110 | 1,324 | 677 | 14 | 201 | 0.020679 | 0.296898 | Cuba Embargo Negative - Starter Pack - Berkeley 2013.html5 | Berkeley (CNDI) | Case Negatives | 2013 |
235 | In this article, we question the logic and evidence of the retrenchment pessimists. To date there has been neither a comprehensive study of great power retrenchment nor a study that lays out the case for retrenchment as a practical or probable policy. This article fills these gaps by systematically examining the relati... | MacDonald and Parent 2011 (Paul K. and Joseph M., Assistant Professor of Political Science at Williams College, Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of Miami, International Security, Graceful Decline?; The Surprising Success of Great Power Retrenchment, Spring, lexis) | To date there has been neither a comprehensive study of great power retrenchment nor a study that lays out the case for retrenchment as a practical or probable policy This article fills these gaps by systematically examining the relationship between acute relative decline and the responses of great powers we challenge ... | NOT UNIQUE – all of our evidence proves that lash-out is inevitable now – Iraq, Afghanistan etc prove US is aggressively intervening now | 3,102 | 137 | 1,461 | 476 | 23 | 219 | 0.048319 | 0.460084 | Cuba Embargo Negative - Starter Pack - Berkeley 2013.html5 | Berkeley (CNDI) | Case Negatives | 2013 |
236 | Implications for Sino-U.S. Relations Our findings are directly relevant to what appears to be an impending great power transition between China and the United States. Estimates of economic performance vary, but most observers expect Chinese GDP to surpass U.S. GDP sometime in the next decade or two. 91 This prospect ha... | MacDonald and Parent 2011 (Paul K. and Joseph M., Assistant Professor of Political Science at Williams College, Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of Miami, International Security, Graceful Decline?; The Surprising Success of Great Power Retrenchment, Spring, lexis) | Our findings are directly relevant to what appears to be an impending great power transition between China and the United States Many scholars foresee major conflict our analysis suggests some grounds for optimism. Based on the historical track record of great powers facing acute relative decline, the United States sho... | These studies specifically apply to the US | 2,507 | 43 | 1,008 | 376 | 7 | 153 | 0.018617 | 0.406915 | Cuba Embargo Negative - Starter Pack - Berkeley 2013.html5 | Berkeley (CNDI) | Case Negatives | 2013 |
237 | Let us be absolutely clear: retrenchment is risky, but not retrenching is riskier. Living beyond one's means is possible temporarily, but prolonged insolvency invites a terrible reckoning. Grasping great powers present a brittle, overextended defensive perimeter with strategic inflexibility and shallow reserves—a blata... | MacDonald Assistant Professor of Political Science at Williams College & Parent Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of Miami 2012 Paul & Joseph Correspondence: Decline and Retrenchment—Peril or Promise? International Security 36(4) project muse | retrenchment is risky, but not retrenching is riskier. Living beyond one's means is possible temporarily, but prolonged insolvency invites a terrible reckoning. Grasping great powers present a brittle, overextended defensive perimeter with strategic inflexibility and shallow reserves—a blatantly ripe target for opportu... | Attempting to hold on to hegemony is more dangerous than any consequence of transition | 605 | 87 | 440 | 91 | 14 | 63 | 0.153846 | 0.692308 | Cuba Embargo Negative - Starter Pack - Berkeley 2013.html5 | Berkeley (CNDI) | Case Negatives | 2013 |
238 | By no means did we intend for our conclusions to be taken as definitive, and the future does not always resemble the past. Yet Thompson's modesty goes too far. History and the tools of social science are not irrelevant to political prediction—they are the best available guides for policymakers to prepare for the future... | MacDonald Assistant Professor of Political Science at Williams College & Parent Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of Miami 2012 Paul & Joseph Correspondence: Decline and Retrenchment—Peril or Promise? International Security 36(4) project muse | History and social science are the best available guides for policymakers to prepare for the future. As decisionmakers revamp the U.S. force posture, they need to know which causal factors are primary and which are secondary to predict the likely effects of potential actions. Our arguments and data have laid a foundati... | Prefer history and social science | 1,054 | 34 | 333 | 170 | 5 | 55 | 0.029412 | 0.323529 | Cuba Embargo Negative - Starter Pack - Berkeley 2013.html5 | Berkeley (CNDI) | Case Negatives | 2013 |
239 | Second, possession of nuclear weapons has signally failed to prevent war on a significant number of occasions since the end of World War II. US weapons did not deter China from attacking US forces in the Korean War, nor North Vietnam from attacking South Vietnam and US forces in the 1960s and 1970s. Israeli nuclear we... | Human Security Report Project 2011 Human Security Report Project is an independent research centre affiliated with Simon Fraser University (SFU) in Vancouver, Canada, Human Security Report 2009/2010: The Causes of Peace and the Shrinking Costs of War http://hsrgroup.org/docs/Publications/HSR20092010/20092010HumanSecuri... | US weapons did not deter China from attacking US forces in the Korean War, nor North Vietnam from attacking South Vietnam and US forces in the 1960s and 1970s. Israeli nuclear weapons did not dissuade Egypt from attacking Israel in 1973, and the Soviet nuclear arsenal did not deter the mujahedeen from waging war again... | Deterrence empirically fails – any contrary data is inconclusive | 543 | 65 | 401 | 93 | 9 | 69 | 0.096774 | 0.741935 | Cuba Embargo Negative - Starter Pack - Berkeley 2013.html5 | Berkeley (CNDI) | Case Negatives | 2013 |
240 | When Copernicus first claimed that the Sun, rather than the Earth, was the center of the solar system, he did not suddenly lose sight of our planet. Policymaking circles in the U.S. could use a Copernican shift of their own when analyzing the travel ban debate. Given the Cuban government's totalitarianism, its legitima... | Perez JD Yale Law School 2010 David “America's Cuba Policy: The Way Forward: A Policy Recommendation for the U.S. State Department” Harvard Latino Law Review lexis | Policymaking circles in the U.S. could use a shift when analyzing the travel ban debate. simply preventing Americans from visiting the island does not chip away at Cuba's totalitarian pillars. We should reframe the issue by searching for other ways to delegitimize the regime. One possible solution is to facilitate the ... | The United States federal government should lift the travel ban on Cuba | 1,348 | 72 | 824 | 225 | 12 | 135 | 0.053333 | 0.6 | Cuba Embargo Negative - Starter Pack - Berkeley 2013.html5 | Berkeley (CNDI) | Case Negatives | 2013 |
241 | The embargo and the travel ban have sometimes been grouped together as the same policy, but should instead be dealt with separately. Although most Cuban-Americans endorse the embargo, almost all are opposed to the restrictions on family travel. n50 Separating the travel ban from the embargo would give the U.S. more fle... | Perez JD Yale Law School 2010 David “America's Cuba Policy: The Way Forward: A Policy Recommendation for the U.S. State Department” Harvard Latino Law Review lexis | The embargo and the travel ban have sometimes been grouped together as the same policy, but should instead be dealt with separately. Although most Cuban-Americans endorse the embargo, almost all are opposed to the restrictions on family travel. Separating the travel ban from the embargo would give the U.S. more flexibi... | Counterplan avoids the link to politics and the permutation doesn’t remedy | 591 | 75 | 575 | 90 | 11 | 88 | 0.122222 | 0.977778 | Cuba Embargo Negative - Starter Pack - Berkeley 2013.html5 | Berkeley (CNDI) | Case Negatives | 2013 |
242 | A steady flow of information would help highlight the cracks in Cuba's system of government. For example, public outrage over Cuba's economic decline has been muted because the public has a limited perception of their relative poverty since global interaction is so restricted. Highlighting relative economic disparities... | Perez JD Yale Law School 2010 David “America's Cuba Policy: The Way Forward: A Policy Recommendation for the U.S. State Department” Harvard Latino Law Review lexis | A steady flow of information would help highlight the cracks in Cuba's system of government public outrage over Cuba's economic decline has been muted because the public has a limited perception of their relative poverty since global interaction is so restricted. Highlighting relative economic disparities increases the... | Lifting travel restrictions solves the case | 373 | 44 | 354 | 54 | 6 | 51 | 0.111111 | 0.944444 | Cuba Embargo Negative - Starter Pack - Berkeley 2013.html5 | Berkeley (CNDI) | Case Negatives | 2013 |
243 | Camouflaged by ubiquitous anti-Castro rhetoric, the Cuban-American entrepreneurs have manufactured a lucrative business with the island, regulated by the very government they pretend to hate. The rightwing congressional representatives pretend to fight for every law to punish the "Castro regime" while in practice turn ... | Huffington Post 1/27/2013 “U.S.-Cuba Policy: A Boon for Cuban-American Entrepreneurs” lexis | rightwing congressional representatives fight for every law to Preserve the embargo, | Right wing will fight any attempt to loosen the embargo | 457 | 56 | 84 | 67 | 10 | 11 | 0.149254 | 0.164179 | Cuba Embargo Negative - Starter Pack - Berkeley 2013.html5 | Berkeley (CNDI) | Case Negatives | 2013 |
244 | Any move to ease the five-decade-old embargo would probably encounter anti-Castro resistance in Florida, one of the biggest prizes in recent presidential elections, and opposition from key lawmakers including Senator Robert Menendez, the Democratic chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. | Bloomberg 2/20/2013 “Obama Can Bend Cuba Embargo to Help Open Economy, Groups Say” http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-02-20/obama-should-bend-cuba-embargo-to-buoy-free-markets-reports-say.html | Any move to ease the embargo would encounter anti-Castro resistance in Florida, one of the biggest prizes in recent presidential elections, and opposition from key lawmakers | Easing embargo popular and political opposition | 300 | 48 | 173 | 41 | 6 | 26 | 0.146341 | 0.634146 | Cuba Embargo Negative - Starter Pack - Berkeley 2013.html5 | Berkeley (CNDI) | Case Negatives | 2013 |
245 | On January 14, 2011, President Obama announced measures to significantly loosen the U.S. sanctions against Cuba, including broad new authorizations for travel and non-family remittances to support private economic activity in Cuba. These changes were made without prior Congressional approval and are only the latest in ... | Propst 11 (Stephen F. Propst is a Partner in the International Trade Group at the law firm of Hogan Lovells US LLP, “Presidential Authority To Modify Economic Sanctions Against Cuba,” A legal analysis prepared at the request of the Cuba Study Group and released in connection with a forum on U.S.-Cuba Relations at The B... | President Obama announced measures to significantly loosen the U.S. sanctions against Cuba, including broad new authorizations for travel and non-family remittances to support private economic activity in Cuba These changes were made without prior Congressional approval and are only the latest in a string of modificati... | The United States Executive Branch should eliminate enforcement of statutes supporting the economic embargo of Cuba, and ease other restrictions on economic engagement with Cuba currently under Executive Branch purview. | 2,537 | 220 | 1,614 | 362 | 30 | 230 | 0.082873 | 0.635359 | Exemptions Counterplan - Wyoming 2013.html5 | Wyoming | Counterplans | 2013 |
246 | The President has the authority to ease restrictions on travel to Cuba. For example, the President could choose to authorize travel to Cuba under a general license for all eligible categories of travel. Lifting all the restrictions on travel, however, would require legislative action. This is because of the codificatio... | Sullivan 12 (Mark P. Sullivan Specialist in Latin American Affairs, “Cuba: U.S. Restrictions on Travel and Remittances,” 11-9-12, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL31139.pdf | The President has the authority to ease restrictions on travel to Cuba Lifting all the restrictions on travel, however, would require legislative action This is because of the codification of the embargo in Section 102(h) of the Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity Act of 1996 conditions the lifting of the embargo, ... | 2. Doesn’t Solve – | 1,435 | 19 | 981 | 218 | 4 | 151 | 0.018349 | 0.692661 | Exemptions Counterplan - Wyoming 2013.html5 | Wyoming | Counterplans | 2013 |
247 | The other difference in the early and late delivery situations arises because modification, waiver, and estoppel differ in their permanence. A modification is as permanent as any other contract. An estoppel may be too, if a court applies the doctrine, but that question is less certain. A waiver, on the other hand, coul... | Snyder 99 (David – Assistant Professor of Law, Cleveland-Marshall College of Law, Cleveland State University, “THE LAW OF CONTRACT AND THE CONCEPT OF CHANGE: PUBLIC AND PRIVATE ATTEMPTS TO REGULATE MODIFICATION, WAIVER, AND ESTOPPEL”, 1999, 1999 Wis. L. Rev. 607, lexis) | The other difference arises because modification, waiver, and estoppel differ in their permanence. A modification is permanent A waiver, on the other hand, could conceivably be retracted. a waiver could be ephemeral The issue is most familiar in the context of waiver a waiver would be a unilateral act there could be no... | B. Waivers are uncertain – they can be retracted | 2,337 | 48 | 443 | 393 | 9 | 72 | 0.022901 | 0.183206 | Exemptions Counterplan - Wyoming 2013.html5 | Wyoming | Counterplans | 2013 |
248 | Q. When I refer to the government of the United States in text, should it be U.S. Federal Government or U.S. federal government? A. The government of the United States is not a single official entity. Nor is it when it is referred to as the federal government or the U.S. government or the U.S. federal government. It’s ... | Chicago 7 (University of Chicago Manual of Style, “Capitalization, Titles”, http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/CMS_FAQ/CapitalizationTitles/CapitalizationTitles30.html) | The government of the U S is not a single official entity Nor is it when it is referred to as the U.S. federal government It’s just a government has some official bodies that act and operate in the name of government Congress Senate Department of State, etc | Federal Government” doesn’t mean “all three branches” – any one body acts as it | 503 | 79 | 257 | 89 | 14 | 48 | 0.157303 | 0.539326 | Exemptions Counterplan - Wyoming 2013.html5 | Wyoming | Counterplans | 2013 |
249 | Mexico’s President-elect Enrique Pena Nieto will be able to bring together members of his party and the opposition to pass laws opening up the oil industry to private investment, his top economic adviser said.Pena Nieto has “the conviction for the reforms, the political experience and the leadership of his party,” to p... | Cattan 12’ (Nacha Cattan is a reporter for Bloomberg News in Mexico City “Pena Nieto Has Ability to Open Mexico Oil Sector, Aide Says” October 30,2012 http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-10-30/pena-nieto-has-strength-to-open-mexico-s-oil-industry-aide-says) | Mexico’s President-elect Enrique Pena Nieto will be able to bring together members of his party and the opposition to pass laws opening up the oil industry to private investment, The toughest resistance may come from within Pena Nieto’s Institutional Revolutionary Party, or PRI, a traditional ally of unions that have o... | Pena working on opening up oil sector now but opposing party is key | 991 | 68 | 348 | 154 | 13 | 54 | 0.084416 | 0.350649 | Mexico Politics Disadvantage - Georgetown 2013.html5 | Georgetown (GDS) | Disadvantages | 2013 |
250 | MEXICO CITY -- New President Enrique Pena Nieto has been fast out of the blocks in attacking some of Mexico's toughest issues in a country often stymied by monopolies and corruption. | WEISSENSTEIN 3/13’ (Michael Weissenstein correspondent at the Associated Press “Enrique Pena Nieto Reforms: Mexico's President Pushes Sweeping Changes To Telecom, Oil Industry” 03/19/13 http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/03/19/enrique-pena-nieto-reforms-mexico-president_n_2906967.html” | President Enrique Pena Nieto has been fast out of the blocks in attacking some of Mexico's toughest issues in a country often stymied by monopolies and corruption. | Piena has momentum now to push oil reform | 182 | 42 | 163 | 31 | 8 | 27 | 0.258065 | 0.870968 | Mexico Politics Disadvantage - Georgetown 2013.html5 | Georgetown (GDS) | Disadvantages | 2013 |
251 | MEXICO CITY — In their joint fight against drug traffickers, the United States and Mexico have forged an unusually close relationship in recent years, with the Americans regularly conducting polygraph tests on elite Mexican security officials to root out anyone who had been corrupted. But shortly after Mexico’s new pre... | Archibold, et al. 4/30 (Randal C., Damien Cave, and Ginger Thompson; “Mexico’s Curbs on U.S. Role in Drug Fight Spark Friction”, The New York Times, 30 April 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/01/world/americas/friction-between-us-and-mexico-threatens-efforts-on-drugs.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0) ~ew | e United States and Mexico have forged an unusually close relationship in recent years But shortly after Nieto, took office American agents got a clear message that the dynamics, with Washington holding the clear upper hand, were about to change. | Mexico actively excluding US from security coop – PC required for reversal | 495 | 74 | 246 | 77 | 12 | 40 | 0.155844 | 0.519481 | Mexico Politics Disadvantage - Georgetown 2013.html5 | Georgetown (GDS) | Disadvantages | 2013 |
252 | Mexico’s current president, Enrique Pena Nieto, has opposed legalization. But he recently said that he would consider world opinion on the matter, particularly in light of recent voter-approved initiatives to legalize marijuana in Washington state and Colorado for recreational use. | Pierre 7/10 (Allen St. is the NORML Executive Director; National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws, “NORML Meets With Former Mexican President”, NORML Website, 10 July 2013, http://blog.norml.org/2013/07/09/norml-meets-with-former-mexican-president/?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=NORML+Me... | Nieto, has opposed legalization. But he recently said that he would consider world opinion on the matter, particularly in light of recent voter-approved initiatives to legalize marijuana in Washington state and Colorado for recreational use. | Legalization is an Uphill fight - unpopular | 282 | 43 | 241 | 40 | 7 | 35 | 0.175 | 0.875 | Mexico Politics Disadvantage - Georgetown 2013.html5 | Georgetown (GDS) | Disadvantages | 2013 |
253 | Investors seeking opportunities in renewable energy outside the United States should consider our next-door neighbor to the south. Mexico has an abundance of renewable power resources and a keen awareness of the environmental and social benefits of alternative energy development. Mexico’s consumption of energy is growi... | Marks, 8 -- UC Berkeley law professor, Universidad Panamericana in Mexico City visiting professor [Allan, partner in Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & McCloy LLP, an international law firm, "Mexico Offers Diverse Opportunities for Investment in Renewable Energy," World Energy, 10.4, www.worldenergysource.com/articles/text/marks... | Mexico has an abundance of renewable power resources the market for renewable energy projects in Mexico could well be considerably larger. This has created new opportunities for companies using renewable energy to compete, Mexico has a potential wind energy generation capacity of over 40,000 MW Mexico has vast areas in... | Pemex reform key to Mexican renewables- massive potential | 18,229 | 57 | 1,112 | 2,782 | 8 | 167 | 0.002876 | 0.060029 | Mexico Politics Disadvantage - Georgetown 2013.html5 | Georgetown (GDS) | Disadvantages | 2013 |
254 | Mr Calderón's officials say his enthusiasm is motivated by pure utilitarian maths: Mexico is both one of the countries most vulnerable to global warming and one rich in renewable energy resources. It has been hit by extreme weather several times during his term: in 2007, a devastating flood put 80% of the southern stat... | Economist, 9 ["What's hot, green and Mexican?" 4-16-9, www.economist.com/node/13496067] | Mexico is rich in renewable energy resources But it must practice what it preaches— if it wants to influence the debate on the issue in the U St officials see diplomatic gains. | Mexican renewables leads to US modeling | 1,047 | 39 | 176 | 175 | 6 | 32 | 0.034286 | 0.182857 | Mexico Politics Disadvantage - Georgetown 2013.html5 | Georgetown (GDS) | Disadvantages | 2013 |
255 | Mexico’s solar resources are among the best in the world, far superior to those of Germany and Spain, the countries currently recognized as the world leaders in installed photovoltaic systems. Experts rank the quality of Mexico's photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal resources among the world's best. In terms of photovol... | Oseguera, 10 – journalist [Oso, "Sunny Mexico: An Energy Opportunity," GreenTechSolar, 7-7-10, www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/sunny-mexico-an-energy-opportunity, accessed 7-10-13] | Mexico’s solar resources are among the best in the world, far superior to Germany and Spain, the recognized world leaders Experts rank the quality of Mexico's PV) and solar thermal resources among the world's best. the country has significant advantages: GHI) is 50 times Mexico's annual national electricity generation ... | Mexican solar would be 60-times more efficient than current leaders | 1,299 | 67 | 593 | 198 | 10 | 93 | 0.050505 | 0.469697 | Mexico Politics Disadvantage - Georgetown 2013.html5 | Georgetown (GDS) | Disadvantages | 2013 |
256 | According to a report made by the global policy network REN21, the global demand for renewable energy was steadily on the rise the past two years but slow to start this 2013. | Polintan 6/13’ ( L.J Polintan is a correspondent at Ecoseed “Global demand for renewable energy on the rise – REN21 2013 report” 13 Jun 2013 http://www.ecoseed.org/renewables/16584-global-demand-for-renewable-energy-on-the-rise-ren21-2013-report) | the global demand for renewable energy was steadily on the rise the past two years but slow to start this 2013. | Global demand for renewables decreasing | 174 | 40 | 111 | 32 | 5 | 21 | 0.15625 | 0.65625 | Mexico Politics Disadvantage - Georgetown 2013.html5 | Georgetown (GDS) | Disadvantages | 2013 |
257 | For decades, Mexico's energy policy has largely boiled down to exporting oil for cash to fund state spending. Now the new government is negotiating with rival political parties to curb that practice and instead use state monopoly Petróleos Mexicanos to a different end: cheaper energy, said Pemex CEO Emilio Lozoya. In a... | Luhnow & Iliff, 13 (David, the Latin America Bureau Chief for the Wall Street Journal, and Laurence, reporter for Wall Street Journal Latin America Bureau, “Mexico Moves on Energy in Economic Reset”, Wall Street Journal, 2/13/13, AD: 7/9/13, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887324162304578302343638712694.html... | Nieto was striving to overhaul energy laws this year that said would result in cheaper energy for consumers and companies that could drive a more competitive economy. , the Mexican government relies on Pemex for 35% of government spending, leaving the company with little to invest in areas like natural gas Private comp... | Energy reform key to Mexican competitiveness – cheap energy, foreign investment, job creation | 6,693 | 93 | 1,456 | 1,117 | 13 | 243 | 0.011638 | 0.217547 | Mexico Politics Disadvantage - Georgetown 2013.html5 | Georgetown (GDS) | Disadvantages | 2013 |
258 | Mexico's government, which is expected to announce energy reforms in August, will need to take bold steps if it expects to meaningfully participate in North America's oil and gas renaissance, experts said at a Woodrow Wilson Center for International Studies forum. "North America's oil and gas revolution is of enormous ... | Snow, 13 (Nick, Washington editor for the Oil & Gas Journal, “Mexico's energy reforms will need to be bold, experts suggest”, Oil & Gas Journal, 7/8/13, AD: 7/9/13, http://www.ogj.com/articles/print/volume-111/issue-7a/general-interest/mexico-s-energy-reforms-will-need.html | Sina) | Mexico's government will need to take bold steps if it expects to meaningfully participate in North America's oil and gas renaissance If we don't do more serious reforms, more Mexican companies will start to build plans in the US because natural gas prices are lower, and Mexico will lose its competitive advantage Mexic... | Reform key to competitiveness – private sector investment and access to US gas | 3,032 | 78 | 851 | 471 | 13 | 141 | 0.027601 | 0.299363 | Mexico Politics Disadvantage - Georgetown 2013.html5 | Georgetown (GDS) | Disadvantages | 2013 |
259 | MEXICO CITY (Reuters) - Mexican President Enrique Pena Nieto's economic agenda looked to be on surer footing after local elections on Sunday yielded results that favor a cross-party pact he forged to push reforms through Congress. In the most closely watched race, the conservative National Action Party (PAN) won a tigh... | Graham and Gutierrez 7/8 (Mr. David B. Graham and Gutierrez are correspondents at Reuters “Mexico opposition wins key state vote, boosting reform outlook” Updated 7/8/2013 3:10:52 PM ET http://www.nbcnews.com/id/52423073/ns/world_news-americas/#.Udwem0LRlUR) | Mexican President Enrique Pena Nieto's economic agenda looked to be on surer footing after local elections on Sunday yielded results that favor a cross-party pact he forged to push reforms through Congress | Economic reform will pass | 749 | 26 | 205 | 122 | 4 | 32 | 0.032787 | 0.262295 | Mexico Politics Disadvantage - Georgetown 2013.html5 | Georgetown (GDS) | Disadvantages | 2013 |
260 | Accompanied by members of the Governing Council of "Pacto por Mexico" presented a project to reform different laws regulating the financial sector that seeks to promote the low level of credit in the second Latin American economy. The reform, which includes dozens of rules changes, including strengthening parastatal de... | Adrian 5/13’ (Jazmín Adrián correspondent at Demotix news “President Enrique Peña presents Financial Reform Initiative in Mexico” May 8th, 2013 http://www.demotix.com/news/2034262/president-enrique-pe-presents-financial-reform-initiative-mexico#media-2034276) | Accompanied by members of the Governing Council of "Pacto por Mexico" presented a project to reform different laws regulating the financial sector that seeks to promote the low level of credit in the second Latin American economy. The reform, which includes dozens of rules changes, including strengthening parastatal de... | Economic reform happening now | 912 | 29 | 591 | 144 | 4 | 93 | 0.027778 | 0.645833 | Mexico Politics Disadvantage - Georgetown 2013.html5 | Georgetown (GDS) | Disadvantages | 2013 |
261 | In London last week, Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto said he will push for a “transformational” reform of Petroleos Mexicanos (Pemex), Mexico’s state-owned monopoly in oil and gas exploration and production. “There are different options on what the reform should be, but I am confident … It will be transformationa... | Estevez, June 26 2013, native of Mexico who lives and works in Washington D.C. as a Foreign Correspondent. From 1989 to 2005 was bureau chief for El Financiero, Mexico’s leading financial newspaper and covered the NAFTA negotiations, Dolia, Most Mexicans Oppose President Peña Nieto's Plans To Open Up Pemex To Private I... | a Nieto said he will push for a “transformational” reform of (Pemex the reform would include “the constitutional changes needed to give private investors certainty.” | Big opposition in Mexico to PEMEX reform | 470 | 40 | 165 | 71 | 7 | 25 | 0.098592 | 0.352113 | Mexico Politics Disadvantage - Georgetown 2013.html5 | Georgetown (GDS) | Disadvantages | 2013 |
262 | Peña Nieto has vacillated from enforcement postures against drug traffickers and drug kingpins, to pursuing violent criminals with more of a focus on so-called "traditional crime." His stated desires, to move priorities away from drug arrests and seizures and simply towards violence reduction, have created concern amon... | Brewer 7/8 (Jerry, “Mexico's Law Enforcement and Police Policies Questioned”, Mexidata.info, 8 July 2013, http://www.mexidata.info/id3656.html) ~ew | Nieto has vacillated from enforcement postures against drug traffickers and drug kingpins, to pursuing violent criminals with more of a focus on so-called "traditional crime." His stated desires to move priorities away from drug arrests and seizures and simply towards violence reduction, have created concern among US p... | Obama plans to aid Nieto in drug policy | 343 | 39 | 337 | 50 | 8 | 49 | 0.16 | 0.98 | Mexico Politics Disadvantage - Georgetown 2013.html5 | Georgetown (GDS) | Disadvantages | 2013 |
263 | (Reuters) - The fanfare accompanying Mexican President Enrique Pena Nieto's first months in office is increasingly being drowned out by discord in Congress that could undo his plans to raise more tax revenue and open up state oil giant Pemex to outside investment. | Graham 5/13’ (Dave Graham correspondent at Reuters “Cracks in Mexican political pact threaten president's reforms” Wed May 1, 2013 2:08pm http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/05/01/us-mexico-reforms-penanieto-idUSBRE9400NR20130501) | Mexican President Enrique Pena Nieto's first months in office is increasingly being drowned out by discord in Congress that could undo his plans to raise more tax revenue | Tax reform wont pass too much opposition between opposing parties | 264 | 66 | 170 | 43 | 10 | 28 | 0.232558 | 0.651163 | Mexico Politics Disadvantage - Georgetown 2013.html5 | Georgetown (GDS) | Disadvantages | 2013 |
264 | Defusing tensions between the PRI and its rivals is a big enough challenge for Pena Nieto. But he must do so at a time when there are major splits inside the opposition parties - in particular the PAN - his natural allies on economic reform. Without support from at least the PAN, Pena Nieto's ruling coalition of PRI an... | Graham 5/13’ (Dave Graham correspondent at Reuters “Cracks in Mexican political pact threaten president's reforms” Wed May 1, 2013 2:08pm http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/05/01/us-mexico-reforms-penanieto-idUSBRE9400NR20130501) | tensions between the PRI and its rivals is a big enough challenge for Pena Nieto Pena Nieto's ruling coalition of PRI and the Green Party is unlikely to muster the two-thirds majority in Congress needed to enact a constitutional change he wants to make . The PRD is opposed to changing the constitution and is highly ske... | Nieto won’t get the 2/3 vote in Congress | 951 | 40 | 452 | 164 | 8 | 78 | 0.04878 | 0.47561 | Mexico Politics Disadvantage - Georgetown 2013.html5 | Georgetown (GDS) | Disadvantages | 2013 |
265 | With the largest oil reserves in the Western Hemisphere, Venezuela might appear like a natural candidate to attract major Direct Foreign Investment funds. But, as a direct result of Mr. Chávez’s policy of marginalizing private sector capital, Foreign Direct Investment flows actually slammed into reverse in 2009 – the l... | Toro 11 [Francisco, lead co-writer of the Caracas Chronicles, an online news source of opposition literature, “Foreign Investment in Venezuela: Mission Almost Impossible” March 28 2011 https://www.whatsnextvenezuela.com/expropriation/foreign-investment-in-venezuela-mission-almost-impossible/] | Venezuela might appear like a natural candidate to attract major Direct Foreign Investment funds. But, as a direct result of Mr. Chávez’s policy of marginalizing private sector capital Venezuela continues to experience a net outflow of foreign direct investment to the tune of $3.1 billion a year Investors thinking of d... | Investing in Venezuelan oil drains money - Castro’s nationalization and recent trends | 653 | 85 | 413 | 105 | 12 | 67 | 0.114286 | 0.638095 | Foreign Aid Budget Tradeoff Disadvantage - Georgetown 2013.html5 | Georgetown (GDS) | Disadvantages | 2013 |
266 | For its own good, Ecuador might want to reconsider rolling out the red carpet for NSA leaker Edward Snowden as he crisscrosses his way through anti-American countries while seeking asylum, some say. If Ecuador's President Rafael Correa does give Snowden the green light to call the Latin American country home -- in defi... | Fox News, 13 ["US aid to Ecuador questioned amid Snowden asylum bid," 6-26-13, www.foxnews.com/politics/2013/06/26/us-could-pull-millions-in-aid-to-ecuador-if-country-gives-snowden-asylum/] | During the past 50 years, USAID, the main American foreign aid agency, has given millions for economic growth | AND- USAID is the main agency for economic policy | 1,189 | 49 | 109 | 198 | 9 | 18 | 0.045455 | 0.090909 | Foreign Aid Budget Tradeoff Disadvantage - Georgetown 2013.html5 | Georgetown (GDS) | Disadvantages | 2013 |
267 | This is the most likely means by which the coming famine will affect all citizens of Earth, both through the direct consequences of refugee floods for receiving countries and through the effect on global food prices and the cost to public revenues of redressing the problem. Coupled with this is the risk of wars breaki... | Cribb ‘10 (Julian, Julian Cribb is a science communicator, journalist and editor of several newspapers and books. His published work includes over 7,000 newspaper articles, 1,000 broadcasts, and three books and has received 32 awards for science, medical, agricultural and business journalism. He was Director, National ... | the coming famine will affect all citizens of Earth through the effect on global food prices and the cost to public revenues Coupled with this is the risk of wars breaking out over local disputes about food and major military powers may be sucked into these vortices nations newly nuclear-armed may become embroiled, an... | Food supply decline leads to nuclear World War 3 | 937 | 48 | 632 | 153 | 9 | 105 | 0.058824 | 0.686275 | Foreign Aid Budget Tradeoff Disadvantage - Georgetown 2013.html5 | Georgetown (GDS) | Disadvantages | 2013 |
268 | The biggest threat to global stability is the potential for food crises in poor countries to cause government collapse. Those crises are brought on by ever worsening environmental degradation One of the toughest things for people to do is to anticipate sudden change. Typically we project the future by extrapolating fro... | Brown, 9 (Lester R, - founder of the Worldwatch Institute and the Earth Policy Institute “Can Food Shortages Bring Down Civilization?” Scientific American, May) | The biggest threat to global stability is the potential for food crises to cause government collapse. Those crises are brought on by ever worsening environmental degradation the idea that civilization could disintegrate seems preposterous. The combined effects of those trends and the political tensions they generate po... | Food insecurity causes failed states- that causes extinction | 4,906 | 60 | 1,630 | 786 | 8 | 239 | 0.010178 | 0.304071 | Foreign Aid Budget Tradeoff Disadvantage - Georgetown 2013.html5 | Georgetown (GDS) | Disadvantages | 2013 |
269 | The concept of the border of the state has enabled a dominant conception of juridical–political order that is central to the modern geopolitical imaginary: a view of that order as being divided between domestic and international realms and, notwithstanding aberrations from time to time, largely settled and stable. In t... | Vaughn-Williams 9 [Nick, IR MA @ university of Warwick IR PhD @ Aberystwyth, “Border Politics: The Limits of Sovereign Power” pg 132-36] | The concept of the border of the state has enabled a dominant conception of juridical–political order that is central to the modern geopolitical imaginary divided between domestic and international realms other critical geopolitics scholars have pointed out, the role of the concept of the border of the state in maintai... | The affirmative’s geopolitical imaginary is characterized by a wholly enclosed land space of bounded nation-states. This only serves the interests of status quo power hierarchies through the construction of an inside to be secured against a dangerous outside, excepted from the law Such an order can only be maintained t... | 10,586 | 385 | 5,202 | 1,650 | 59 | 833 | 0.035758 | 0.504848 | Borders Kritik - UTNIF 2013.html5 | Texas (UTNIF) | Kritiks | 2013 |
270 | The diverse, complex and contradictory ways in which Mexico, its culture, and its peoples have been imagined, portrayed, glorified or vilified by the people of the U.S. have a long history. They began with the conflicts between the two colonizing powers, Spain and England. And they continued as the young United States ... | Klahn 8, professor at the University of California Chicano/Latino Research Center, 2008 [Norma, “The Border: Imagined, Invented or from the Geopolitics of Literature to Nothingness”, Working Paper No.5 Chicano/Latino Research Center, clrc.soe.ucsc.edu/sites/clrcweb/files/sites/default/files/.../05_Klahn.pdf] | The ways in which Mexico, its culture, and its peoples have been vilified by the people of the U.S. have a long history. They began with , Spain and England. And they continued as the young United States expanded into territories occupied by the Indians and possessed first by Spain and later Mexico. In the process, a c... | And, the construction of the US-Mexico border stabilizes American identity around the racist projection of lawlessness and barbarity onto the Mexican other in need of domination. | 8,046 | 179 | 4,675 | 1,222 | 26 | 725 | 0.021277 | 0.59329 | Borders Kritik - UTNIF 2013.html5 | Texas (UTNIF) | Kritiks | 2013 |
271 | The interweavings of geopolitical power, knowledge and subordinating¶ representations of the other have a long history. For example, the identity¶ and authority of Western modernity took shape on the terrain of colonial¶ and imperial power, and the production of knowledge that characterized¶ the development of West... | Slater, Professor of Social and Political Geography at Loughborough University, in ‘4 [David, Geopolitics and the Post-colonial Rethinking North–South Relations] | geopolitical power subordinating representations of the other have the identity and authority of Western modernity took shape on the terrain of colonial and imperial power, and the production of knowledge that characterized the development of Western scientific disciplines went together with the establishment of m... | This construction of civilization around state borders is a colonial artifact. It undergirds the justification for the affirmative’s intervention into Mexico to stabilize, develop and extract resources from the barbaric other. | 9,473 | 227 | 5,300 | 1,430 | 31 | 800 | 0.021678 | 0.559441 | Borders Kritik - UTNIF 2013.html5 | Texas (UTNIF) | Kritiks | 2013 |
272 | Thus in the modern state system the overlapping frontier is as anathema as the idea of multiple sovereign bodies within a territory. The edict of Pope Alexander VI in 1492 which gave impetus to the idea of a spatially divided earth by drawing lines delineating certain parts of the globe and specifying which part ‘belon... | Neocleous 3 [Mark Neocleous is Senior Lecturer in Politics at Brunel University, “Off the Map: On Violence and Cartography”, European Journal of Social Theory 2003 6: 409] | modern sovereignty resides precisely on the limit’ neither overlapping margin nor multiple sovereignty is permitted it requires the permanent policing of territorial boundaries. States remain ‘sovereign’ because they police the borders of a particular space and claim to ‘represent’ the citizens within those borders The... | Next, bounding nation-states through the enclosure of borders is the control of territory through violence. This production of the space of the state obfuscates always on-going non-state violence and legitimates wars and genocides in the name of state-making. | 20,694 | 259 | 5,641 | 3,306 | 38 | 910 | 0.011494 | 0.275257 | Borders Kritik - UTNIF 2013.html5 | Texas (UTNIF) | Kritiks | 2013 |
273 | The question of whether there is an “exteriority” to the modern/colonial world system Is somewhat peculiar to this group, and easily misunderstood. It was originally proposed and carefully elaborated by Dussel in his classic work on liberation philosophy (1976) and reworked in recent years. In no way should this exteri... | Escobar 2 [Arturo, department of anthropology at university of north Carolina chapel hill, ““Worlds and Knowledges Otherwise”: The Latin American modernity/coloniality Research Program”, http://apse.or.cr/webapse/pedago/enint/escobar03.pdf] | The notion of exteriority does not entail an ontological outside it refers to an outside that is precisely constituted as difference by a hegemonic discourse This notion of exteriority arises chiefly by thinking about the Other as oppressed, as woman, as racially marked, as excluded, as poor, as nature. By appealing fr... | The alternative is to begin from the epistemology of the subaltern. | 9,346 | 67 | 6,062 | 1,383 | 11 | 900 | 0.007954 | 0.650759 | Borders Kritik - UTNIF 2013.html5 | Texas (UTNIF) | Kritiks | 2013 |
274 | The modern foundation of knowledge is territorial and imperial. By modern we¶ mean the socio-historical organization and classification of the world founded¶ on a macro-narrative and on a specific concept and principles of knowledge. The¶ point of reference of modernity is the European Renaissance founded, as an idea¶... | Mignolo & Tlostanova 2006 [Walter D. & Madina V., Duke University & People’s Friendship Univ, Moscow, “Theorizing from the Borders Shifting to Geo- and Body-Politics of Knowledge”, European Journal of Social Theory 9(2): 205–221] | The modern foundation of knowledge is territorial and imperial. The point of reference of modernity is as an idea and interpretation of a historical present, the colonization of space It was from and in Europe that the classification of the world emerged and not in and from Asia, Africa or America borders were cr... | Taking Cuba of the terror list only consolidates a world order founded on the colonization of space instantiated in the world map of bounded nation-states, reproducing colonial knowledge through the language of the 1AC. This short-circuits the border thinking that allows a break from the colonial structure of modernity... | 8,245 | 321 | 3,377 | 1,245 | 49 | 509 | 0.039357 | 0.408835 | Borders Kritik - UTNIF 2013.html5 | Texas (UTNIF) | Kritiks | 2013 |
275 | The process of U.S. hegemony in North American economies is not unique or¶ unrelated to the larger workings of international order and world economy. The changing¶ tenor of Canadian, U.S., and Mexican geopolitical rhetoric, couched in free trade¶ and securitization, is related to the bigger project of condoning and sup... | Nicol, 2011 [Heather Nicol, Associate Professor in the Department of¶ Geography, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario,¶ Canada, “U.S. Hegemony in the 21st¶ century: Cuba's Place in the¶ regionalizing geopolitics of¶ North America and Caribbean¶ Countries” Journal of Borderlands Studies, 23:1, 31-52, DOI: 10.1080/088... | The process of U.S. hegemony in North American economies is not unique or unrelated to the larger workings of international order and world economy. The changing tenor of geopolitical rhetoric, couched in free trade and securitization, is related to the bigger project of condoning and supporting U.S. hegemony It is als... | Also, you should be skeptical of their engagement with Cuba – expanding American geopolitical influence in the region only serves to further the goals of US regional domination and the securitization of borders. | 6,689 | 211 | 3,785 | 1,019 | 33 | 579 | 0.032385 | 0.568204 | Borders Kritik - UTNIF 2013.html5 | Texas (UTNIF) | Kritiks | 2013 |
276 | Nominally a group of islands, more properly a sea studded with islands, and originally ‘the ¶ chief sea’ that more commonly is known as the Aegean, the archipelago is a geographical form ¶ that invites significant productive thinking about island relations. I have been pondering why ¶ such labours to rethink island rel... | Stratford 13 [Elaine, Ph.D. in Philosophy from the Center for Environmental Studies at the University of Adelaide, Associate Professor of Geography and Environmental Studies and Head of School at UTasmania, “The Idea of the Archipelago: Contemplating Island Relations,” Island Studies Journal 8(1)] | Nominally a group of islands, more properly a sea studded with islands, the archipelago is a geographical form that invites significant productive thinking about island relation island peoples and places are not served well by prevalent ideas of them as remote and dependent on oft-distant mainlands these tropes hamper ... | And, we must break from the idea of separate islands, but use an Archipelagic perspective of islands to expose imperialism – viewing islands as isolated is the link | 7,477 | 164 | 2,696 | 1,153 | 28 | 388 | 0.024284 | 0.336513 | Borders Kritik - UTNIF 2013.html5 | Texas (UTNIF) | Kritiks | 2013 |
277 | The consequence, however, can also be read in relation to all those historical struggles in which states have effectively minimized the sovereignty of the¶ 9 people in the name of their own supremacy, whether for the long-term good¶ 10 of the people, or for the short-term demands of some state of emergency. The¶ danger... | Walker 2009 [R.B.J., Walker is a professor in the department of Political Science at the University of Victoria and is the chief editor of the Journal of International Political Sociology, “After the Globe, Before the world”, pg. 77 – 80] | The¶ danger of the modern state is the monopolistic claim to a sovereignty capable of effacing all claims to diversity in the name of its own collective unity. Perhaps the most important constitutive gamble of modern politics, in fact, has been that the sovereign state would nurture rather than devour its citizens.¶ ... | {Insert cards from coloniality file} | 10,471 | 36 | 2,904 | 1,720 | 5 | 479 | 0.002907 | 0.278488 | Borders Kritik - UTNIF 2013.html5 | Texas (UTNIF) | Kritiks | 2013 |
278 | So far, the history of the modern/colonial capitalist/patriarchal world−system has privileged the culture, knowledge, and epistemology produced by the West (Spivak 1988 ; Mignolo 2000). No culture in the world remained untouched by European modernity. There is no absolute outside to this system. The monologism and mono... | Grosfoguel, Associate Professor at the University of California at Berkeley, Ethnic Studies Department, in ‘11[Ramon, “Decolonizing Post-Colonial Studies and Paradigms of Political-Economy: Transmodernity, Decolonial Thinking, and Global Coloniality, TRANSMODERNITY: Journal of Peripheral Cultural Production of the Luso... | the history of the modern/colonial capitalist/patriarchal world−system has privileged the culture, knowledge, and epistemology produced by the West No culture in the world remained untouched by European modernity. There is no absolute outside to this system The monologism and monotopic global design of the West relates... | First development is just a replacement for the white man’s burden because it reinforces the colinal relationship through the state and neoliberlaims. | 3,945 | 151 | 2,212 | 559 | 22 | 310 | 0.039356 | 0.554562 | Borders Kritik - UTNIF 2013.html5 | Texas (UTNIF) | Kritiks | 2013 |
279 | Many of today’s pervasive and intractable security and nation-building dilemmas issue from the dissonance between the prescribed model of territorially bounded nation-states and the imprisonment of postcolonial polities in territorial straitjackets bequeathed by colonial cartographies. With a focus on the Durand Line, ... | Mahmud 2010 [Tayyab, Professor of Law and Director, Center for Global Justice, Seattle University School of Law, “COLONIAL CARTOGRAPHIES AND POSTCOLONIAL BORDERS: THE UNENDING WAR IN AND AROUND AFGHANISTAN,” pg.1] | Many of today’s pervasive and intractable security and nation-building dilemmas issue from the dissonance between the prescribed model of territorially bounded nation-states and the imprisonment of postcolonial polities in territorial straitjackets bequeathed by colonial cartographies. the enduring ramifications of the... | Next, International law legitimizes colonial cartographies and historical borders which perpetuate the logic of colonial domination | 2,139 | 132 | 1,431 | 289 | 16 | 187 | 0.055363 | 0.647059 | Borders Kritik - UTNIF 2013.html5 | Texas (UTNIF) | Kritiks | 2013 |
280 | As I have suggested,52 ontological monopolisations constitute vio- lence through two reciprocally conditioning mechanisms. First, through the oblivion of the mechanism of ‘appropriation’ (Ereignis), which works by intrinsically concealing the openness of being and its reservoir of ungrounded possibilities; and second, ... | Joronen 2013, (Mikko, Department of Geography and Geology, Geography Section, University of Turku, Finland, “Conceptualising New Modes of State Governmentality: Power, Violence and the Ontological Mono-politics of Neoliberalism”, 3/21/13, 7/28/13|Ashwin) | ontological monopolisations constitute vio- lence through two reciprocally conditioning mechanisms through the oblivion of the mechanism of ‘appropriation’ concealing the openness of bein and second, through the violence intrinsic in par- ticular historical modes of revealing , the ontological ordering of entities in n... | The process of state driven neoliberal practice uses inclusionary ontological enframing to reducing human existence to particular modalities of potential contribution to the market—this idea constitutes ontological violence and the reduction of the infinite possibility of being- ontologically positioned to serve the in... | 6,462 | 344 | 2,024 | 921 | 45 | 284 | 0.04886 | 0.30836 | Borders Kritik - UTNIF 2013.html5 | Texas (UTNIF) | Kritiks | 2013 |
281 | First, all cross-border concepts refer to the importance of cross-border¶ or even ‘deterritorialised’ politics, economics and culture. Yet, diaspora¶ and transnational approaches emphasise intense connections to national or local territories, especially in the case of migrants. For example, the lobbying that Kurdish mi... | Faist 2010 [Thomas, Professor, Transnational, Development & Migration Studies, “Diaspora and ¶ Diaspora and Transnationalism¶ Transnationalism,” pg. 14-16] | transnational approaches emphasise intense connections to national territories border social phenomena have a clear territorial reference and are thus also local or national in their focus and goals in transnational approaches, the intensified¶ cross-border transactions are not necessarily connected to a global conscio... | Their transnationalism results in increased nationalism and reifies borders | 4,572 | 76 | 1,372 | 660 | 9 | 188 | 0.013636 | 0.284848 | Borders Kritik - UTNIF 2013.html5 | Texas (UTNIF) | Kritiks | 2013 |
282 | We cannot think of decolonization in terms of conquering power over the juridical−political boundaries of a state, that is, by achieving control over a single nation− state (Grosfoguel 1996). The old national liberation and socialist strategies of taking power at the level of a nation−state are not sufficient because g... | Grosfoguel, Associate Professor at the University of California at Berkeley, Ethnic Studies Department, in ‘8 [Ramon, “DECOLONIZING POLITICAL ECONOMY AND POSTCOLONIAL STUDIES: Transmodernity, border thinking, and global coloniality, http://www.humandee.org/spip.php?page=imprimer&id_article=111] | We cannot think of decolonization in terms of conquering power over the juridical−political boundaries of a state by achieving control over a single nation− state The old national liberation and socialist strategies of taking power at the level of a nation−state are not sufficient because global coloniality is not redu... | And, this reinforcement of the nation-state and soverignetny perpetuate the colonial relationship between the west and Latin America. No amount of internal reform can change the oppression of Mexican labor by global markets. | 6,663 | 224 | 4,048 | 937 | 33 | 563 | 0.035219 | 0.600854 | Borders Kritik - UTNIF 2013.html5 | Texas (UTNIF) | Kritiks | 2013 |
283 | Brian Massumi likens this form of decisioning to a ‘lightning strike’ or ‘flash of sovereign power’.132 Moreover, he argues that this approach is the temporal equivalent of a tautology: ‘the time form of the decision that strikes like lightning is the foregone conclusion. When it arrives, it always seems to have preced... | Vaughn-Williams 9 ( Nick, IR MA @ university of Warwick IR PhD @ Aberystwyth, “Border Politics: The Limits of Sovereign Power” pg 122-23) | Brian Massumi likens this form of decisioning to a ‘lightning strike’ or ‘flash of sovereign power’ temporal equivalent of a tautology: the time form of the decision that strikes like lightning is the foregone conclusion Where there is a sign of it, it has always already hit. The lightning-strike decision is a foregone... | The aff’s immediate call to action is a lightning approach across borders that acts in the future trying to pre-empt their impacts- which is the same decision making as the invasion of Iraq- without more deliberation the aff causes their impacts | 2,682 | 245 | 1,547 | 440 | 41 | 261 | 0.093182 | 0.593182 | Borders Kritik - UTNIF 2013.html5 | Texas (UTNIF) | Kritiks | 2013 |
284 | In his essay Critique of Violence (1927), Walter Benjamin considers the relationship between law and violence. More specifically, Benjamin analyzes the foundations of justifications for the use of certain forms of violence and the designation of such violence as legitimate. Indeed, it is precisely the assumed distincti... | Vaughan-Williams 8 (Nick Vaughan-Williams, ph.d Assistant Professor of International Security , 2008, Borders, Territory, Law, University of Exeter, International Political Sociology (2008) 2, 322–338, Accessed: 7/27/13,) | the relationship between law and violence the foundations of justifications for the use of certain forms of violence and the designation of such violence as legitimate law having a monopoly of violence over a population within a given territory is not simply to preserve legal ends but rather to preserve the very founda... | The root of the creation of law that governs a nature is violence therefore law itself is violence in order to prevent violence | 2,893 | 128 | 1,866 | 456 | 23 | 304 | 0.050439 | 0.666667 | Borders Kritik - UTNIF 2013.html5 | Texas (UTNIF) | Kritiks | 2013 |
285 | In Force of Law: The Mystical Foundations of Authority (Derrida 1992), Derrida engages with Benjamin’s text in order to offer a deconstructive critique of the inter-relationships between the law and justice, authority and violence, and authorizations of authority and mystery. At first, Derrida invokes and elucidates th... | Vaughan-Williams 8 (Nick Vaughan-Williams, ph.d Assistant Professor of International Security , 2008, Borders, Territory, Law, University of Exeter, International Political Sociology (2008) 2, 322–338, Accessed: 7/27/13,) | the inter-relationships between the law and justice, authority and violence, and authorizations of authority and mystery distinction between law-making and law-preserving violence in order to claim that the law rests on non-law through these two types of violence type of violence (law-making or ‘‘originary’’ violence) ... | The revolutions that create new states gives way to an authority that legitimizes law and justifies the violence of the law | 4,203 | 123 | 2,464 | 657 | 21 | 388 | 0.031963 | 0.590563 | Borders Kritik - UTNIF 2013.html5 | Texas (UTNIF) | Kritiks | 2013 |
286 | This conceptualization has enormous implications that I can only briefly mention here : 1) The old Eurocentric idea that societies develop at the level of the nation−state in terms of a linear evolution of modes of production from pre−capitalist to capitalist is overcome. We are all encompassed within a capitalist worl... | Grosfoguel, Associate Professor at the University of California at Berkeley, Ethnic Studies Department, in ‘8[Ramon, “DECOLONIZING POLITICAL ECONOMY AND POSTCOLONIAL STUDIES: Transmodernity, border thinking, and global coloniality, http://www.humandee.org/spip.php?page=imprimer&id_article=111] | The old Eurocentric idea that societies develop at the level of the nation−state in terms of a linear evolution of modes of production from pre−capitalist to capitalist is overcome Coloniality and modernity constitute two sides of a single coin. The same way as the European industrial revolution was achieved on the sho... | The nation-state and democracy are the product of colonial interaction of Latin America with the west. | 3,574 | 102 | 1,141 | 496 | 16 | 161 | 0.032258 | 0.324597 | Borders Kritik - UTNIF 2013.html5 | Texas (UTNIF) | Kritiks | 2013 |
287 | Borders of our minds secure violence to satiate elite desires for hegemonic politics. Sovereignty and borders may correlate with objective, geographical markers but their significance operates primarily in the mind (cf. Weldes, Laffey, Gusterson, and Duvall, 1999). Peoples and societies did not express legalistic notion... | Agathangelou 4-Associate Professor of Political Science and Women’s Studies @ York University [Anna, International Studies Quarterly, “Power, Borders, Security, Wealth: Lessons of Violence and Desire from September 11,” pg. 520, 2004, WileyOnlineLibrary, DKP] | Borders of our minds secure violence to satiate elite desires for hegemonic politics. Sovereignty and borders may correlate with objective, geographical markers but their significance operates primarily in the mind Peoples and societies did not express legalistic notions of borders or sovereignty until the spread of the... | {**In CUBA Teror 1NC**} The development discourse of the aff are a prime example of the borders created in our minds that propagate hegemonic politics and are the root cause of transnational neoliberal globalization | 2,642 | 215 | 1,238 | 373 | 34 | 170 | 0.091153 | 0.455764 | Borders Kritik - UTNIF 2013.html5 | Texas (UTNIF) | Kritiks | 2013 |
288 | The interweavings of geopolitical power, knowledge and subordinating representations of the other have a long history. For example, the identity and authority of Western modernity took shape on the terrain of colonial and imperial power, and the production of knowledge that characterized the development of modern imper... | Slater, Professor of Social and Political Geography at Loughborough University, 2004 [David, Modernizing the other and the Three Worlds of Development, Geopolitics and the Post-Colonial pg. 223-224] | The interweavings of geopolitical power, knowledge and subordinating representations of the other have a long history. the identity and authority of Western modernity took shape on the terrain of colonial and imperial power, and the production of knowledge that characterized the development of modern imperialism , the ... | {In Mexico OIL 1NC**}The West masks insidious imperialism as attempts at developing the non-west | 1,940 | 96 | 1,762 | 276 | 14 | 248 | 0.050725 | 0.898551 | Borders Kritik - UTNIF 2013.html5 | Texas (UTNIF) | Kritiks | 2013 |
289 | While important theoretical inroads have been made in the state space literature it is clear that efforts to overcome the naturalisation of the territorial state as a unit of analysis extend well beyond this line of work. For example in studying international policy transfer Mark Evans has sought to capture the ways in... | Häkli 2013 [Jouni, Space and Political Agency Research Group (SPARG), School of Management, University of Tampere, Finland, “State Space – Outlining a Field Theoretical Approach”, Geopolitics 18:343–355,] | the analysis of globalisation too often assumes a dichotomy between the national and the global. To avoid state-centred anal- ysis of globalisation it is necessary to step out of endogeneity trap’ The study of globalisation should not focus on the characteristics of world-scale processes and institutions but, instead, ... | Separating the foreign and the domestic forms an inside/outside dichotomy that obscures the process of globalization | 4,206 | 116 | 1,806 | 641 | 16 | 276 | 0.024961 | 0.430577 | Borders Kritik - UTNIF 2013.html5 | Texas (UTNIF) | Kritiks | 2013 |
290 | The connection between geopolitics and mobility is significant, in that it foregrounds asymmetries of access to mobility. Privilege and disbarment are repeated across various categories of mobility, significantly in relation to migration.18 There are those individuals for whom globalisation implies an un-tethering of s... | Martin 12 [Craig, Department of Geography, Royal Holloway College, University of London, “Desperate Mobilities: Logistics, Security and the Extra-Logistical Knowledge of ‘Appropriation’ ”, Geopolitics, 17:355–376] | The connection between geopolitics and mobility is significant, in that it foregrounds asymmetries of access to mobility. Privilege and disbarment are repeated across various categories of mobility, significantly in relation to migration There are those individuals for whom globalisation implies an un-tethering of spat... | Globalization ushers in an unequal access to wealth, resulting in notions of deterritorialization. Innerconnectivity brings problems with governance and securitization to the forefront. | 5,900 | 186 | 2,988 | 826 | 23 | 419 | 0.027845 | 0.507264 | Borders Kritik - UTNIF 2013.html5 | Texas (UTNIF) | Kritiks | 2013 |
291 | To further clarify the point, let me return to the ethnographic example from¶ my introduction. In the fall of 2000, MSF brought a traveling exhibit to several¶ sites in greater New York and Los Angeles as part of a special publicity campaign¶ on behalf of displaced people.¶ Entitled “A Refugee Camp in the Heart of the¶... | Redfield 5 [Peter, Ph.D. Anthropology at UC Berkeley, professor of Anthropology at UNC Chapel Hill, “Doctors, Borders, and Life in Crisis,” Cultural Anthropology 20(3)] ***MSF = Medecins Sans Frontieres (Doctors Without Borders) | of a miniature model camp illustrated basic needs: shelter in the form of simple tents adapted to different climates, water purification in the form of a giant bladder dispensing five gallons per person per day, food in the form of compact bars providing 2100 calories, and finally hygiene in the form of a latrine Here ... | Rights should not be the center point of the discussion – It cordones off and submits the body to a regime of politics incapable of solving | 2,875 | 139 | 1,491 | 468 | 26 | 242 | 0.055556 | 0.517094 | Borders Kritik - UTNIF 2013.html5 | Texas (UTNIF) | Kritiks | 2013 |
292 | The first dimension of the prism depicts a savage and evokes images of barbarism. The abominations of the savage are presented as so cruel and unimaginable as to represent their state as a negation of humanity. The human rights story presents the state as the classic savage, an ogre forever bent on the consumption of h... | Mutua 01’ Mutua, Makau. "Savages, victims, and saviors: the metaphor of human rights." Harvard International Law Journal 42.1 (2001): 201-245. Makau W. Mutua is the Dean of the University at Buffalo Law School, where he is also a SUNY Distinguished Professor and the Floyd H. & Hilda L. Hurst Faculty Scholar. He is a me... | the prism depicts a savage and evokes images of barbarism. The human rights story presents the state as the classic savage, an ogre forever bent on the consumption of humans savagery in human rights discourse connotes much more than the state, the state is depicted as the operational instrument of savagery. States beco... | The human rights story of of the state as a savage only when “bad” culture disallows “good” culture fails to understand that the state is a empty vessel and it is societal norms that fill it. | 3,642 | 191 | 2,278 | 583 | 36 | 376 | 0.06175 | 0.64494 | Borders Kritik - UTNIF 2013.html5 | Texas (UTNIF) | Kritiks | 2013 |
293 | Second, the SVS metaphor and narrative rejects the cross-contamination of cultures and instead promotes a Eurocentric ideal. The metaphor is premised on the transformation by Western cultures of non-Western cul¬tures into a Eurocentric prototype and not the fashioning of a multicultural mosaic. The SVS metaphor results... | Mutua 01’ Mutua, Makau. "Savages, victims, and saviors: the metaphor of human rights." Harvard International Law Journal 42.1 (2001): 201-245. Makau W. Mutua is the Dean of the University at Buffalo Law School, where he is also a SUNY Distinguished Professor and the Floyd H. & Hilda L. Hurst Faculty Scholar. He is a me... | the SVS metaphor and narrative rejects the cross-contamination of cultures and instead promotes a Eurocentric ideal. The metaphor is premised on the transformation by Western cultures of non-Western cul¬tures into a Eurocentric prototype and not the fashioning of a multicultural mosaic. The SVS metaphor results in an "... | The savage metaphor is built in colonial thought, it is distance from human rights that allows the creation of victims and justifies intervention while undermining resistance to the real violators. | 3,308 | 197 | 2,101 | 516 | 30 | 320 | 0.05814 | 0.620155 | Borders Kritik - UTNIF 2013.html5 | Texas (UTNIF) | Kritiks | 2013 |
294 | The fifth flaw concerns the role of race in the development of the human rights narrative. The SVS metaphor of human rights carries racial connota¬tions in which the international hierarchy of race and color is reintrenched and revitalized. The metaphor is in fact necessary for the continuation of the global racial hie... | Mutua 01’ Mutua, Makau. "Savages, victims, and saviors: the metaphor of human rights." Harvard International Law Journal 42.1 (2001): 201-245. Makau W. Mutua is the Dean of the University at Buffalo Law School, where he is also a SUNY Distinguished Professor and the Floyd H. & Hilda L. Hurst Faculty Scholar. He is a me... | The SVS metaphor of human rights carries racial connota¬tions in which the international hierarchy of race and color is reintrenched and revitalized. The metaphor is in fact necessary for the continuation of the global racial hierarchy. In the human rights narrative, savages and victims are generally non-white and non-... | Human rights reinforce racism due to the narrative of the redeemers redeeming themselves by protecting the inferior people. This view causes the movement to fail as the people who need help are alienated. | 3,129 | 204 | 1,822 | 496 | 33 | 282 | 0.066532 | 0.568548 | Borders Kritik - UTNIF 2013.html5 | Texas (UTNIF) | Kritiks | 2013 |
295 | Although the human rights movement is located within the historical continuum of Eurocentrism as a civilizing mission, and therefore as an at¬tack on non-European cultures, it is critical to note that it was European, and not non-European, atrocities that gave rise to it. While the movement has today constructed the sa... | Mutua 01’ Mutua, Makau. "Savages, victims, and saviors: the metaphor of human rights." Harvard International Law Journal 42.1 (2001): 201-245. Makau W. Mutua is the Dean of the University at Buffalo Law School, where he is also a SUNY Distinguished Professor and the Floyd H. & Hilda L. Hurst Faculty Scholar. He is a me... | Although the human rights movement is located within the historical continuum of Eurocentrism as a civilizing mission, and therefore as an at¬tack on non-European cultures that it was European, and not non-European, atrocities that gave rise to it. While the movement has today constructed the savage and the victim as n... | Human rights discourse is rooted in Euro-centric thought. Human rights was born out of the death of Europeans, but not the genocides in Africa, slavery, and the atrocities of colonialism. | 2,181 | 187 | 1,308 | 331 | 30 | 195 | 0.090634 | 0.589124 | Borders Kritik - UTNIF 2013.html5 | Texas (UTNIF) | Kritiks | 2013 |
296 | The human rights corpus, only put into effect following the atrocities of the Second World War, had its theoretical underpinnings in Western colonial attitudes. It is rooted in a deep-seated sense of European and Western global predestination.48 As put by David Slater, European "belief in the ne¬cessity of an imperial ... | Mutua 01’ Mutua, Makau. "Savages, victims, and saviors: the metaphor of human rights." Harvard International Law Journal 42.1 (2001): 201-245. Makau W. Mutua is the Dean of the University at Buffalo Law School, where he is also a SUNY Distinguished Professor and the Floyd H. & Hilda L. Hurst Faculty Scholar. He is a me... | The human rights corpus had its theoretical underpinnings in Western colonial attitudes. It is rooted in a deep-seated sense of European and Western global predestination European "belief in the ne¬cessity of an imperial mission to civilize the other and to convert other socie¬ties into inferior versions of the same" T... | Human rights discourse is rooted in Western predistenation, assuming the necessity of an imperial mission to civilize the inferior, undeveloped. | 3,383 | 144 | 1,847 | 534 | 20 | 297 | 0.037453 | 0.55618 | Borders Kritik - UTNIF 2013.html5 | Texas (UTNIF) | Kritiks | 2013 |
297 | There is, actually, an ongoing effort at developing a Latin American political ecology framework that similarly purport sto develop a unique geopolitical perspective on the question of nature; the brief comments below are purposely written from this vantage point. 12 To begin with, political ecology underscores the civ... | Escobar 2 [Arturo, department of anthropology at university of north Carolina chapel hill, ““Worlds and Knowledges Otherwise”: The Latin American modernity/coloniality Research Program”, http://apse.or.cr/webapse/pedago/enint/escobar03.pdf] | political ecology underscores the civilizational character of the current environmental crisis; this crisis is, bluntly put, is a crisis of modernity, to the extent that modernity has failed to enable sustainable world It is also a crisis of thought, to the extent that logocentric thought has fueled the ecologically de... | The root cause of the environmental crisis is a crisis of modernity’s division between man and nature – their approach makes ecological destruction inevitable | 3,832 | 158 | 2,676 | 562 | 24 | 393 | 0.042705 | 0.699288 | Borders Kritik - UTNIF 2013.html5 | Texas (UTNIF) | Kritiks | 2013 |
298 | The intellectual constellation of natural terror, non-political or unavoidable suffering and the raced category of the sublime inaugurated by the Lisbon earthquake/tsunami meshes with the mapping of colonial geographies as dangerous and inimical. Gregory Bankoff describes how in the production of disasters: ‘tropicalit... | Perera 2010 (Suvendrini Perera, Department of Communication & Cultural Studies, Curtin University, Perth, Australia, Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies Vol. 24, No. 1 page 37-38) | The intellectual constellation of natural terror, non-political or unavoidable suffering meshes with the mapping of colonial geographies as dangerous and inimical in the production of disasters: ‘tropicality’, ‘development’ and ‘vulnerability’ form part of ‘the same essentialising and generalising cultural discourse: o... | The AFFIRMATIVE too easily deploys representations of dangerous geographies – the space of disaster is taken up as the space of nature, which, when taken to its logical limit, is the epicenter of modern violence | 5,071 | 212 | 2,568 | 769 | 35 | 373 | 0.045514 | 0.485046 | Borders Kritik - UTNIF 2013.html5 | Texas (UTNIF) | Kritiks | 2013 |
299 | The invocation of strategies of spatial exclusion as key to security, or keeping the bad guys out, or at least threats at a distance, works in other counter-productive ways in contemporary consumer culture. Privatized commodities are frequently seen as the way of protecting ourselves from numerous threats. In Andrew Sz... | Dalby 2012 (Simon, CIGI Chair in the Political Economy of Climate ChangeBalsillie School of International Affairs,Waterloo, Ontario, “ENVIRONMENTAL GEOPOLITICS IN THE TWENTY FIRST CENTURY,” pg 10-11) | The invocation of strategies of spatial exclusion as key to security, or keeping the bad guys out works in other counter-productive ways in contemporary consumer culture. Privatized commodities are frequently seen as the way of protecting ourselves from numerous threats. distancing oneself from numerous dangers, have c... | The politics of separation and spatial exclusion in the name of “safety” and protection from “hazards” causes ecological wellbeing to become a second thought. The interconnected nature of the world means we must deconstruct the image of borders as a tool for demarcation | 1,810 | 270 | 1,026 | 280 | 43 | 149 | 0.153571 | 0.532143 | Borders Kritik - UTNIF 2013.html5 | Texas (UTNIF) | Kritiks | 2013 |
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