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1201.4151	i	despite much recent progress @xcite , background - independent approaches to quantum gravity face several open challenges . these concern : ( i ) the definition of the quantum dynamics of the fundamental degrees of freedom of spacetime that they identify , and the full control over it ; ( ii ) the recovery of an effect...	following the idea of a field quantization of gravity as realized in group field theory , we construct a minisuperspace model where the wavefunction of canonical quantum cosmology ( either wheeler dewitt or loop quantum cosmology ) is promoted to a field , the coordinates are minisuperspace variables , the kinetic ope...	following the idea of a field quantization of gravity as realized in group field theory , we construct a minisuperspace model where the wavefunction of canonical quantum cosmology ( either wheeler dewitt or loop quantum cosmology ) is promoted to a field , the coordinates are minisuperspace variables , the kinetic ope...
1510.02305	i	consider a communication network , which is a finite directed acyclic multigraph with each edge representing a noiseless transmission channel of unit capacity . there is a set of source nodes , each of which independently generates a set of data symbols belonging to a base field and transmits the data symbols simultane...	for a ( single - source ) multicast network , the size of a base field is the most known and studied algebraic identity that is involved in characterizing its linear solvability over the base field . in this paper , we design a new class of multicast networks and obtain an explicit formula for the linear solvability of...	for a ( single - source ) multicast network , the size of a base field is the most known and studied algebraic identity that is involved in characterizing its linear solvability over the base field . in this paper , we design a new class of multicast networks and obtain an explicit formula for the linear solvability of...
0707.2927	i	an _ extremal element _ of a lie algebra @xmath4 over a field @xmath1 of characteristic unequal to @xmath2 is an element @xmath5 for which @xmath6\subseteq kx$ ] . a _ sandwich element _ is an @xmath7 satisfying the stronger condition @xmath6=0 $ ] . the definition of extremal elements in characteristic @xmath2 is more...	for any finite graph and any field of characteristic unequal to we construct an algebraic variety over whose-points parameterise-lie algebras generated by extremal elements , corresponding to the vertices of the graph , with prescribed commutation relations , corresponding to the non - edges . after that , we study the...	for any finite graph and any field of characteristic unequal to we construct an algebraic variety over whose-points parameterise-lie algebras generated by extremal elements , corresponding to the vertices of the graph , with prescribed commutation relations , corresponding to the non - edges . after that , we study the...
1306.3706	i	in recent years , statisticians , scientists and engineers are increasingly analyzing enormous data sets . when data sets grow sufficiently large , computational costs may play a major role in the analysis , potentially constraining our choice of methodology or the number of data points we can afford to process . compu...	for classification problems with significant class imbalance , subsampling can reduce computational costs at the price of inflated variance in estimating model parameters . we propose a method for subsampling efficiently for logistic regression by adjusting the class balance locally in feature space via an accept reje...	for classification problems with significant class imbalance , subsampling can reduce computational costs at the price of inflated variance in estimating model parameters . we propose a method for subsampling efficiently for logistic regression by adjusting the class balance locally in feature space via an accept reje...
math0310364	i	a geometrically finite hyperbolic surface is a topologically finite , complete riemannian surface of constant curvature -1 . in this paper we study the selberg zeta function , @xmath1 ( see [ zeta.sec ] for the definition ) , associated to the length spectrum of a geometrically finite surface @xmath2 . when @xmath2 ha...	for hyperbolic riemann surfaces of finite geometry , we study selberg s zeta function and its relation to the relative scattering phase and the resonances of the laplacian . as an application we show that the conjugacy class of a finitely generated , torsion - free , discrete subgroup of is determined by its trace spec...	for hyperbolic riemann surfaces of finite geometry , we study selberg s zeta function and its relation to the relative scattering phase and the resonances of the laplacian . as an application we show that the conjugacy class of a finitely generated , torsion - free , discrete subgroup of is determined by its trace spec...
1008.0519	i	from 2mass k@xmath36 , ( j@xmath11k)@xmath36 color - magnitude diagrams we found two distinct rc populations towards the galactic bulge , separated by @xmath37k@xmath36@xmath20.65 magnitudes at latitude @xmath52 , and co - existing in fields over 13@xmath1 in longitude and 20@xmath1 in latitude . the presence of the tw...	from 2mass infra - red photometry we find two red clump ( rc ) populations co - existing in fields toward the galactic bulge at latitudes.5 , ranging over in longitude and 20 in latitude . alternatively , the x , or double funnel , may continue to the galactic center . from the sun this would appear peanut / box shaped...	from 2mass infra - red photometry we find two red clump ( rc ) populations co - existing in fields toward the galactic bulge at latitudes.5 , ranging over in longitude and 20 in latitude . these rc peaks indicate two stellar populations separated by.3 kpc ; at ()=( ) the two rcs are located at 6.5 and 8.8.2 kpc . the d...
1112.0496	i	the fusion of carbon nuclei is an important reaction in the description of type ia supernovae and other astronomical events in the cosmos like the superburst of an accreting neutron star . there is , unfortunately , a very large uncertainty in the predicted fusion cross sections for @xmath1c+@xmath1c that are needed in...	fusion data forc+c ,c+c andc+c are analyzed by coupled - channels calculations that are based on the m3y+repulsion , double - folding potential . quadrupole and octupole transitions to low - lying states in projectile and target are included in the calculations , as well as mutual excitations of these states . the effe...	fusion data forc+c ,c+c andc+c are analyzed by coupled - channels calculations that are based on the m3y+repulsion , double - folding potential . the fusion is determined by ingoing - wave - boundary conditions ( iwbc ) that are imposed at the minimum of the pocket in the entrance channel potential . quadrupole and oct...
1311.1206	i	both star formation and stellar feedback play crucial roles in galaxy evolution . star formation leads to stellar feedback , which in turn is assumed to regulate the star formation rate and prevent galaxies from turning all their gas into stars over less than a @xmath0 ; moderate star formation rates are implied from l...	we treat three non - thermal components - turbulence , magnetic fields and cosmic rays - and effectively parametrize their amplitude . then , the non - thermal pressure model is incorporated into _ we conclude that the non - thermal pressure can prolong the star formation epoch and achieve consistency with observations...	galaxy evolution depends strongly on the physics of the interstellar medium ( ism ) . motivated by the need to incorporate the properties of the ism in cosmological simulations we construct a simple method to include the contribution of non - thermal components in the calculation of pressure of interstellar gas . in ou...
1311.1206	i	on galactic scales , the interstellar medium exists at quasi - static pressure that is required to support the atmosphere above it . in an equilibrium configuration , loss of pressure due to cooling processes is balanced by heating , which for typical disc galaxies at low redshifts , is dominated by stellar feedback . ...	we assume that the three components settle into a quasi - steady - state that is governed by the star formation rate , and calibrate their magnitude and density dependence by the observed radio - fir correlation , relating synchrotron radiation to star formation rates of galaxies . we implement our model in single cell...	galaxy evolution depends strongly on the physics of the interstellar medium ( ism ) . motivated by the need to incorporate the properties of the ism in cosmological simulations we construct a simple method to include the contribution of non - thermal components in the calculation of pressure of interstellar gas . in ou...
1601.06821	i	two closed riemannian manifolds @xmath1 and @xmath2 are said to be _ isospectral _ if the laplace beltrami operators acting on functions on @xmath1 and on @xmath2 have the same spectrum , equivalently if the spectral zeta functions @xmath9 and @xmath10 are equal . the manifolds are said to be _ strongly isospectral _ ...	such manifolds have the same dimension and the same volume , and their rational homology groups are isomorphic . here the cheeger mller theorem implies that a certain product of orders of torsion homology and of regulators for agrees with that for . further , we prove that the-torsion in the homology of is isomorphic ...	given a finite group , a-covering of closed riemannian manifolds , and a so - called-relation , a construction of sunada produces a pair of manifolds and that are strongly isospectral . such manifolds have the same dimension and the same volume , and their rational homology groups are isomorphic . here , we investigate...
1607.04430	i	let @xmath1 , @xmath2 , be independent and identically distributed random vectors , and assume that the cumulative distribution function , @xmath0 , of @xmath3 is continuous . by sklar s theorem ( sklar @xcite ) , there exists a unique copula , @xmath4 , such that @xmath5 where @xmath6 is the @xmath7th marginal distri...	this idea can be regarded as a variant on baker s [ j. multivariate anal . the latter turns out to be a particular case of the empirical bernstein copula , the degrees of all bernstein polynomials being equal to the sample size . necessary and sufficient furthermore , the empirical process based on the empirical be...	given a sample from a multivariate distribution , the uniform random variates generated independently and rearranged in the order specified by the componentwise ranks of the original sample look like a sample from the copula of . this idea can be regarded as a variant on baker s [ j. multivariate anal . 99 ( 2008 ) 23...
gr-qc0201040	i	coalescing neutron star ( ns ) binaries are likely to be one of the most important sources of gravitational radiation for the ground - based laser - interferometer detectors in ligo @xcite , virgo @xcite , geo600 @xcite , and tama @xcite . these interferometers are most sensitive to gw signals in the frequency range fr...	gravitational wave ( gw ) signals from coalescing binary neutron stars may soon become detectable by laser - interferometer detectors . these are the most physically realistic initial conditions just prior to merger , since the neutron stars in these systems are expected to be spinning slowly at large separation , and ...	gravitational wave ( gw ) signals from coalescing binary neutron stars may soon become detectable by laser - interferometer detectors . using our new post - newtonian ( pn ) smoothed particle hydrodynamics ( sph ) code , we have studied numerically the mergers of neutron star binaries with irrotational initial configur...
gr-qc0201040	r	the coalescence process for binary ns systems is essentially the same qualitatively whether they are initially synchronized or irrotational . prior to merger , both ns show tidal elongation as well as the development of a tidal lag angle @xmath70 , as noted in papers 1 and 2 , created as the ns continuously try to main...	, we find that irrotational binary mergers produce similar peak gw luminosities , but they shed almost no mass at all to large distances . the dependence of the gw signal on numerical resolution for calculations performed with sph particles is extremely weak , and we find excellent agreement between runs utilizing and ...	gravitational wave ( gw ) signals from coalescing binary neutron stars may soon become detectable by laser - interferometer detectors . using our new post - newtonian ( pn ) smoothed particle hydrodynamics ( sph ) code , we have studied numerically the mergers of neutron star binaries with irrotational initial configur...
1405.4328	i	the unprecedented level of control in ultra - cold atom experiments has allowed for the realization of paradigmatic condensed matter models @xcite . in these systems the inter - particle interactions can be tuned by varying the scattering length through feshbach resonances and the atoms can be trapped in various geomet...	hard - core dipolar bosons trapped in a parallel stack of 1d optical lattices ( tubes ) can develop several phases made of composites of particles from different tubes : superfluids , supercounterfluids and insulators as well as mixtures of those . bosonization analysis shows that these phases are threshold - less with...	hard - core dipolar bosons trapped in a parallel stack of 1d optical lattices ( tubes ) can develop several phases made of composites of particles from different tubes : superfluids , supercounterfluids and insulators as well as mixtures of those . bosonization analysis shows that these phases are threshold - less with...
1301.6674	i	as of november , 2012 , more than 800 extra - solar planetary systems have been detected , and @xmath8 additional candidate systems from the _ kepler _ mission are waiting to be confirmed @xcite . one of the primary goals of the ongoing radial velocity ( rv ) and transit surveys is to identify a terrestrial mass planet...	identifying terrestrial planets in the habitable zones ( hzs ) of other stars is one of the primary goals of ongoing radial velocity and transit exoplanet surveys and proposed future space missions . most current estimates of the boundaries of the hz are based on 1-d , cloud - free , climate model calculations by . how...	identifying terrestrial planets in the habitable zones ( hzs ) of other stars is one of the primary goals of ongoing radial velocity and transit exoplanet surveys and proposed future space missions . most current estimates of the boundaries of the hz are based on 1-d , cloud - free , climate model calculations by . how...
1301.6674	r	in the subsections that follow , we estimate hz boundaries around a star similar to our sun . we first compare results from our model using hitran and hitemp databases , estimate hz limits for non - earth - like planets and discuss the effect of clouds on the hz boundaries . the inner edge of the hz is calculated by in...	a conservative estimate for the width of the hz from this model in our solar system is 0.95 - 1.67 au . here , an updated 1-d radiative - convective our model does not include the radiative effects of clouds ; thus , the actual hz boundaries may extend further in both directions than the estimates just given .	identifying terrestrial planets in the habitable zones ( hzs ) of other stars is one of the primary goals of ongoing radial velocity and transit exoplanet surveys and proposed future space missions . most current estimates of the boundaries of the hz are based on 1-d , cloud - free , climate model calculations by . how...
1301.6674	c	a straightforward application of the calculations presented in the previous sections is to apply them to currently known exoplanetary systems . [ observed ] shows various habitable zone boundaries ( expressed in terms of effective stellar flux ) as a function of stellar @xmath129 . the orbital parameters of the planets...	this removes the dependence on planetary ( bond ) albedo , which varies depending upon the host star s spectral type . we suggest that conservative estimates of the hz ( water loss and maximum greenhouse limits ) should be used for current rv surveys and _ kepler _ mission to obtain a lower limit on , so that future fl...	identifying terrestrial planets in the habitable zones ( hzs ) of other stars is one of the primary goals of ongoing radial velocity and transit exoplanet surveys and proposed future space missions . most current estimates of the boundaries of the hz are based on 1-d , cloud - free , climate model calculations by . how...
1301.6674	c	we have obtained new estimates for hzs around f , g , k and m main - sequence stars by ( 1 ) updating @xmath1 and @xmath0 absorption coefficients in the @xcite 1-d radiative - convective cloud - free climate model with the most recent lbl databases : hitran 2008 and hitemp 2010 , ( 2 ) correcting the @xmath1 rayleigh s...	, cloud - free climate model is used to obtain new estimates for hz widths around f , g , k and m stars . new and absorption coefficients , derived from the hitran 2008 and hitemp 2010 line - by - line databases , are important improvements to the climate model . according to the new model , the water loss ( inner hz )...	identifying terrestrial planets in the habitable zones ( hzs ) of other stars is one of the primary goals of ongoing radial velocity and transit exoplanet surveys and proposed future space missions . most current estimates of the boundaries of the hz are based on 1-d , cloud - free , climate model calculations by . how...
0911.2177	i	a group is _ virtually free _ if it has a free subgroup of finite index . by stalling s ends theorem , @xmath0 has _ more than one end _ if and only if there exists a @xmath0-tree with finite edge stabilizers such that no vertex is stabilized by @xmath0 . the group @xmath0 is _ accessible _ if there exists a @xmath0...	in 1985 , dunwoody showed that finitely presentable groups are accessible . dunwoody s result was used to show that context - free groups , groups quasi - isometric to trees or finitely presentable groups of asymptotic dimension 1 are virtually free . using another theorem of dunwoody of 1979 , we study when a group...	in 1985 , dunwoody showed that finitely presentable groups are accessible . dunwoody s result was used to show that context - free groups , groups quasi - isometric to trees or finitely presentable groups of asymptotic dimension 1 are virtually free . using another theorem of dunwoody of 1979 , we study when a group...
astro-ph0012377	i	distances to other galaxies obtained by observations of cepheid variables with the hubble space telescope ( hst ) lie at the core of most recent efforts to determine the extragalactic distance scale . the small observed scatter in the relationship between cepheids pulsation periods and luminosities , their large number...	in a previous paper ( maoz 1999 ) , we reported a hubble space telescope ( hst ) cepheid distance to the galaxy ngc 4258 obtained using the calibrations and methods then standard for the key project on the extragalactic distance scale . here , we reevaluate the cepheid distance using the revised key project procedure...	in a previous paper ( maoz 1999 ) , we reported a hubble space telescope ( hst ) cepheid distance to the galaxy ngc 4258 obtained using the calibrations and methods then standard for the key project on the extragalactic distance scale . here , we reevaluate the cepheid distance using the revised key project procedure...
1304.2778	i	in recent years , there has been a dramatic growth in interest in the physics of nonequilibrium quantum systems , driven in large part by advances in experimental atomic physics , in particular in the area of optical lattices @xcite . the precision time - dependent control and observation of quantum effects afforded b...	in general , isolated integrable quantum systems have been found to relax to an apparent equilibrium state in which the expectation values of few - body observables are described by the generalized gibbs ensemble . however , recent work has shown that relaxation to such a generalized statistical ensemble can be preclud...	in general , isolated integrable quantum systems have been found to relax to an apparent equilibrium state in which the expectation values of few - body observables are described by the generalized gibbs ensemble . however , recent work has shown that relaxation to such a generalized statistical ensemble can be preclud...
1304.2778	i	we have studied the dynamics of the momentum distribution function of noninteracting spinless fermions following quenches to the delocalized , localized , and critical regimes of a quasiperiodic lattice system . we found that although the time - averaged value of this observable agrees exactly with the predictions of t...	we show that although some observables do not relax in the delocalized and localized regimes , the observables that do relax in these regimes do so in a manner consistent with a recently proposed gaussian equilibration scenario , whereas relaxation at the critical point has a more exotic character . we also construct v...	in general , isolated integrable quantum systems have been found to relax to an apparent equilibrium state in which the expectation values of few - body observables are described by the generalized gibbs ensemble . however , recent work has shown that relaxation to such a generalized statistical ensemble can be preclud...
astro-ph9903336	i	recent progress in high redshift observations has made it possible to estimate the global star formation history of the universe to redshifts as high as @xmath5 . although the evolution of the star formation rate ( sfr ) is relatively well established at lower redshifts ( @xmath6 ) , there is still substantial uncer...	the uvb at energies below 13.6ev suppresses the formation of stars or black holes inside small halos , by photo dissociating their only cooling agent , molecular . we self consistently compute the buildup of the early uvb in press if the uv sources in the first collapsed halos are stars , then their uv flux suppress...	in hierarchical models of structure formation , an early cosmic uv background ( uvb ) is produced by the small (k ) halos that collapse before reionization . the uvb at energies below 13.6ev suppresses the formation of stars or black holes inside small halos , by photo dissociating their only cooling agent , molecular...
astro-ph9903336	i	in hierarchical models of structure formation , small objects appear at high redshift , and larger objects form later , with the total fraction of collapsed baryons monotonically increasing with time . the radiation output associated with the collapsed halos gradually builds up a cosmic uv background . of interest here...	in hierarchical models of structure formation , an early cosmic uv background ( uvb ) is produced by the small (k ) halos that collapse before reionization . schechter models , coupled with photo dissociation both in the intergalactic medium ( igm ) , and inside virialized halos . we find that the intergalactic has a ...	in hierarchical models of structure formation , an early cosmic uv background ( uvb ) is produced by the small (k ) halos that collapse before reionization . the uvb at energies below 13.6ev suppresses the formation of stars or black holes inside small halos , by photo dissociating their only cooling agent , molecular...
1208.1041	i	consider an arbitrary point @xmath7 , with coordinates @xmath8 , in an undeformed body . then we deform the body and the same material point is named @xmath9 , with coordinates @xmath10 . the position of @xmath9 is uniquely determined by its initial position @xmath7 , that is , @xmath11 . the _ displacement _ vector @x...	in linear anisotropic elasticity , the elastic properties of a medium are described by the fourth rank elasticity tensor . the decomposition of into a partially symmetric tensor and a partially antisymmetric tensors is often used in the literature . irreducible _ under the 3-dimensional general linear group . we show t...	in linear anisotropic elasticity , the elastic properties of a medium are described by the fourth rank elasticity tensor . the decomposition of into a partially symmetric tensor and a partially antisymmetric tensors is often used in the literature . an alternative , less well - known decomposition , into the completely...
1412.4031	i	many modern measuring devices use cmos or ccd solid - state photosensors to convert light into a digital signal . due to imperfections of photosensors such a conversion is not ideal and leads to noise in the measured signal . therefore , one can either estimate and reduce the impact of noise from the sensor , or simula...	the model includes photo - response non - uniformity , photon shot noise , dark current fixed pattern noise , dark current shot noise , offset fixed pattern noise , source follower noise , sense node reset noise , and quantisation noise . experimental results that confirm the validity of the numerical model are provide...	in many applications , such as development and testing of image processing algorithms , it is often necessary to simulate images containing realistic noise from solid - state photosensors . a high - level model of ccd and cmos photosensors based on a literature review is formulated in this paper . the model includes ph...
1412.4031	c	the article provides a literature review of the noise models that are used for the simulations of noise in ccd and cmos photosensors . a high - level model of ccd and cmos photosensors based on a literature review is formulated in this paper . the experimental results for a hardware 5 t cmos photosensor are presented a...	in many applications , such as development and testing of image processing algorithms , it is often necessary to simulate images containing realistic noise from solid - state photosensors . a high - level model of ccd and cmos photosensors based on a literature review is formulated in this paper . the formulated model ...	in many applications , such as development and testing of image processing algorithms , it is often necessary to simulate images containing realistic noise from solid - state photosensors . a high - level model of ccd and cmos photosensors based on a literature review is formulated in this paper . the model includes ph...
cond-mat0210467	i	the following one - parameter deformations of the exponential and logarithm functions @xmath13 which reduce to the standard exponential and logarithm respectively as the real deformation parameter @xmath1 approaches to zero , has been introduced recently in ref . the above functions have many very interesting propertie...	in ref . [ physica a * 296 * , 405 ( 2001 ) ] , starting from the one parameter deformation of the exponential function , a statistical mechanics has been constructed which reduces to the ordinary boltzmann - gibbs statistical mechanics as the deformation parameter approaches to zero . we show that is the unique existi...	in ref . [ physica a * 296 * , 405 ( 2001 ) ] , starting from the one parameter deformation of the exponential function , a statistical mechanics has been constructed which reduces to the ordinary boltzmann - gibbs statistical mechanics as the deformation parameter approaches to zero . the distribution obtained within ...
1512.07083	c	in this paper we have shown how to use the information collected from a set of stabilizer measurements in order to extract information about a unitary error process acting on a graph state . since the stabilizer measurements are non - local operations , each of them depends on the errors that act on several different s...	in the context of measurement - based quantum computation a way of maintaining the coherence of a _ graph state _ is to measure its stabilizer operators . aside from performing quantum error correction , it is possible to exploit the information gained from these measurements to characterize and then counteract a coher...	in the context of measurement - based quantum computation a way of maintaining the coherence of a _ graph state _ is to measure its stabilizer operators . aside from performing quantum error correction , it is possible to exploit the information gained from these measurements to characterize and then counteract a coher...
q-bio0702012	i	extensive interest has recently been devoted to the understanding of molecular motors , which play pivotal roles in cellular processes by performing mechanical work using the energy - driven conformational changes . kinesin , myosin , f@xmath2-atpase , groel , rna polymerase , and ribosome belong to a group of biologic...	we test this hypothesis by explicitly modeling a-based kinesin structure whose both motor domains are bound on the tubulin binding sites . also , using an argument based on polymer theory , we estimate the internal tension built on the neck - linker to be pn . both of these conclusions support the experimental hypothes...	in the presence of atp , kinesin proceeds along the protofilament of microtubule by alternated binding of two motor domains on the tubulin binding sites . since the processivity of kinesin is much higher than other motor proteins , it has been speculated that there exists a mechanism for allosteric regulation between t...
q-bio0702012	r	* mechanochemical cycle of kinesin : * we begin by reviewing the mechanochemical cycle of kinesin molecule on the mt to clarify the importance of dynamic coordination between the two motor domains for kinesin processivity . recent experiments using laser optical tweezers ( lot ) , cryo - electron microscopy , electron ...	in the presence of atp , kinesin proceeds along the protofilament of microtubule by alternated binding of two motor domains on the tubulin binding sites . since the processivity of kinesin is much higher than other motor proteins , it has been speculated that there exists a mechanism for allosteric regulation between t...	in the presence of atp , kinesin proceeds along the protofilament of microtubule by alternated binding of two motor domains on the tubulin binding sites . since the processivity of kinesin is much higher than other motor proteins , it has been speculated that there exists a mechanism for allosteric regulation between t...
hep-ph0606002	c	in this article , we analyze the vertices @xmath0 , @xmath1 , @xmath2 and @xmath3 within the framework of the light - cone qcd sum rules approach in an unified way . the strong coupling constants @xmath4 and @xmath5 are important parameters in evaluating the charmonium absorption cross sections in searching for the qua...	in this article , we analyze the vertices , , and within the framework of the light - cone qcd sum rules approach in an unified way . the strong coupling constants and are important parameters in evaluating the charmonium absorption cross sections in searching for the quark - gluon plasmas , our numerical values of the...	in this article , we analyze the vertices , , and within the framework of the light - cone qcd sum rules approach in an unified way . the strong coupling constants and are important parameters in evaluating the charmonium absorption cross sections in searching for the quark - gluon plasmas , our numerical values of the...
1503.07259	i	consider a sequence of probability measures @xmath2 on a common measurable space @xmath3 ; we assume that the probabilities have common dominating finite - measure @xmath4 and write the densities w.r.t . @xmath4 as @xmath5 . in particular , for some known @xmath6 , we let @xmath7 where the normalizing constant @xmath8...	in this article we consider the approximation of expectations w.r.t . probability distributions associated to the solution of partial differential equations ( pdes ) ; this scenario appears routinely in bayesian inverse problems . in practice , one often has to solve the associated pde numerically , using , for instan...	in this article we consider the approximation of expectations w.r.t . probability distributions associated to the solution of partial differential equations ( pdes ) ; this scenario appears routinely in bayesian inverse problems . in practice , one often has to solve the associated pde numerically , using , for instan...
1407.7746	i	the application of renormalization techniques to quantum gravity theories has always been problematic . this is due to the inherent tension between the notion of scale - dependent physics of the renormalization group on the one side , and the role of background - independence of general relativity on the other side . t...	in this article we discuss an implementation of renormalization group ideas to spin foam models , where there is no a priori length scale with which to define the flow . in the context of the continuum limit of these models , we show how the notion of cylindrical consistency of path integral measures gives a natural an...	in this article we discuss an implementation of renormalization group ideas to spin foam models , where there is no a priori length scale with which to define the flow . in the context of the continuum limit of these models , we show how the notion of cylindrical consistency of path integral measures gives a natural an...
1303.6863	i	in 1916 schwarzschild introduced the first exact solution of the vacuum einstein equations in four dimensions @xcite . this unique solution describes a spherically symmetric black hole . about fifty years later , in 1963 , the solution of a rotating black hole was discovered by kerr @xcite . if a compact dimension is a...	if a compact dimension is added to the four - dimensional schwarzschild or kerr spacetime , the new five - dimensional metric describes a ( rotating ) black string . the geodesics in the schwarzschild and kerr spacetime have been studied in great detail , however , when a compact dimension is added new behaviour occurs...	in this article we study the geodesic motion of test particles and light in the five - dimensional ( rotating ) black string spacetime . if a compact dimension is added to the four - dimensional schwarzschild or kerr spacetime , the new five - dimensional metric describes a ( rotating ) black string . the geodesics in ...
1303.6863	c	in this article we presented the complete set of analytical solutions of the geodesic equations of test particles and light in the static and the rotating black string spacetime . the static and the rotating black string metric are obtained by adding a compact dimension to the schwarzschild and kerr metric . the geo...	in this article we study the geodesic motion of test particles and light in the five - dimensional ( rotating ) black string spacetime . the motion in the ordinary four - dimensional schwarzschild and kerr spacetime is compared to the motion in the ( rotating ) black string spacetime .	in this article we study the geodesic motion of test particles and light in the five - dimensional ( rotating ) black string spacetime . if a compact dimension is added to the four - dimensional schwarzschild or kerr spacetime , the new five - dimensional metric describes a ( rotating ) black string . the geodesics in ...
1105.2630	r	we briefly recall the double null foliation formalism , see @xcite for more precise definitions . we use @xmath37 to denote the underlying space - time and use @xmath38 to denote the background metric . we assume that @xmath39 is spanned by a double null foliation generated by two optical functions @xmath40 and @xmath4...	the novelty of the paper is that , we completely avoid using rotation vector fields to establish the global existence theorem of the solution . more precisely , we use only canonical null directions as commutators to derive energy estimates at the level of one derivatives of null curvature components . we show that , t...	in this note , we study energy estimates for einstein vacuum equations in order to prove the formation of black holes along evolutions . the novelty of the paper is that , we completely avoid using rotation vector fields to establish the global existence theorem of the solution . more precisely , we use only canonical ...
1201.0083	i	in this paper , we consider multistopping problems for discrete time sequences @xmath2 . in comparison to the usual stopping problem , there are @xmath1 stops @xmath3 allowed . the aim is to determine these stopping times in such a way that @xmath4 = e[x_{t_1}\vee\cdots \vee x_{t_m } ] = \mathrm{sup}.\ ] ] thus , the g...	in this paper , we consider multistopping problems for finite discrete time sequences . -stops are allowed and the aim is to maximize the expected value of the best of these stops . the random variables are neither assumed to be independent not to be identically distributed . the basic assumption is convergence of a re...	in this paper , we consider multistopping problems for finite discrete time sequences . -stops are allowed and the aim is to maximize the expected value of the best of these stops . the random variables are neither assumed to be independent not to be identically distributed . the basic assumption is convergence of a re...
1509.07015	i	let @xmath8 be the following singularly perturbed laguerre weight @xmath9 with @xmath10 the hankel determinant is defined as @xmath11=\det(\mu_{i+j})_{i , j=0}^{k-1},\ ] ] where @xmath12 is the @xmath13-th moment of @xmath8 , namely , @xmath14 note that when @xmath15 , the integral in the above formula is convergent so...	in this paper , we consider polynomials orthogonal with respect to a varying perturbed laguerre weight for and on certain contours in the complex plane . when the parameters , and the degree are fixed , the hankel determinant for the singular complex weight is shown to be the isomonodromy-function of the painlev iii eq...	in this paper , we consider polynomials orthogonal with respect to a varying perturbed laguerre weight for and on certain contours in the complex plane . when the parameters , and the degree are fixed , the hankel determinant for the singular complex weight is shown to be the isomonodromy-function of the painlev iii eq...
1608.07728	i	quantum key distribution protocols allow two users , alice ( @xmath0 ) and bob ( @xmath1 ) , to establish a shared secret key secure against an all - powerful adversary eve ( @xmath2 ) who is bounded only by the laws of physics - an end unattainable through classical means alone . several such protocols have been devel...	in this paper , we derive key - rate expressions for several different quantum key distribution protocols . our key - rate equations utilize multiple channel statistics , including those gathered from mismatched measurement bases - i.e. , when alice and bob choose incompatible bases . in particular , we will consider a...	in this paper , we derive key - rate expressions for several different quantum key distribution protocols . our key - rate equations utilize multiple channel statistics , including those gathered from mismatched measurement bases - i.e. , when alice and bob choose incompatible bases . in particular , we will consider a...