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Distribution of Serotypes, Vaccine Coverage, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Streptococcus Pneumoniae in Children Living in SAARC Countries: A Systematic Review.
INTRODUCTION: Each SAARC nation falls in the zone of high incidence of pneumococcal disease but there is a paucity of literature estimating the burden of pneumococcal disease in this region. OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalent serotypes causing invasive pneumococcal disease in children of SAARC countries, to determine...
Effects of Human Parvovirus B19 and Bocavirus VP1 Unique Region on Tight Junction of Human Airway Epithelial A549 Cells.
As is widely recognized, human parvovirus B19 (B19) and human bocavirus (HBoV) are important human pathogens. Obviously, both VP1 unique region (VP1u) of B19 and HBoV exhibit the secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2)-like enzymatic activity and are recognized to participate in the pathogenesis of lower respiratory tract il...
Proton Pump Inhibitors and Hospitalization with Hypomagnesemia: A Population-Based Case-Control Study.
BACKGROUND: Some evidence suggests that proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are an under-appreciated risk factor for hypomagnesemia. Whether hospitalization with hypomagnesemia is associated with use of PPIs is unknown. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We conducted a population-based case-control study of multiple health care databases...
Testosterone Trajectories and Reference Ranges in a Large Longitudinal Sample of Male Adolescents.
PURPOSE: Pubertal dynamics plays an important role in physical and psychological development of children and adolescents. We aim to provide reference ranges of plasma testosterone in a large longitudinal sample. Furthermore, we describe a measure of testosterone trajectories during adolescence that can be used in futur...
The interplay between inflammatory cytokines and the endocannabinoid system in the regulation of synaptic transmission.
Excessive glutamate-mediated synaptic transmission and secondary excitotoxicity have been proposed as key determinants of neurodegeneration in many neurological diseases. Soluble mediators of inflammation have recently gained attention owing to their ability to enhance glutamate transmission and affect synaptic sensiti...
Hepatic Resection Is Safe and Effective for Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Portal Hypertension.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Official guidelines do not recommend hepatic resection (HR) for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and portal hypertension (PHT). This study aims to investigate the safety and efficacy of HR for patients with HCC and PHT. METHODS: Mortality and survival after HR were analyzed retrospectivel...
A Suitable Streptomycin-Resistant Mutant for Constructing Unmarked In-Frame Gene Deletions Using rpsL as a Counter-Selection Marker.
The streptomycin counter-selection system is a useful tool for constructing unmarked in-frame gene deletions, which is a fundamental approach to study bacteria and their pathogenicity at the molecular level. A prerequisite for this system is acquiring a streptomycin-resistant strain due to rpsL mutations, which encodes...
Association between Combined Lifestyle Factors and Non-Restorative Sleep in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on a Japanese Health Database.
BACKGROUND: Although lifestyle factors such as cigarette smoking, excessive drinking, obesity, low or no exercise, and unhealthy dietary habits have each been associated with inadequate sleep, little is known about their combined effect. The aim of this study was to quantify the overall impact of lifestyle-related fact...
The role of FeS clusters for molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis and molybdoenzymes in bacteria.
Molybdenum is the only second row transition metal essential for biological systems, which is biologically available as molybdate ion. In eukarya, bacteria and archaea, molybdenum is bound to either to a tricyclic pyranopterin, thereby forming the molybdenum cofactor (Moco), or in some bacteria to the FeS cluster based...
Decline in cellular clearance systems induces inflammasome signaling in human ARPE-19 cells.
Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) plays a major role in the maintenance of photoreceptors, and degeneration of RPE results in the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Accumulation of intracellular protein aggregates, increased oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation are all factors damaging the func...
miR-34a Inhibits Migration and Invasion of Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma via Targeting MMP9 and MMP14.
BACKGROUND: miR-34a is an important tumor suppressor gene in various cancer types. But little is known about the dysregulation of miR-34a in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). In this study, we investigate the expression and potential role of miR-34a in TSCC. METHODS: We evaluated miR-34a expression and its relatio...
Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Is Predicted by Combined Eotaxin Levels and Severity of Hepatic Steatosis at Ultrasonography in Obese Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.
BACKGROUND: Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a distinct coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factor. The atherosclerotic process predisposing to CAD includes altered lipid profile and inflammatory processes. The available evidence suggests that increased circulating levels of eotaxin, an eosinophil chemoattra...
Factors predicting the total medical costs associated with first-ever ischemic stroke patients transferred to the rehabilitation ward.
Objective: To investigate the predictors of total medical costs for first-ever ischaemic stroke patients transferred to the rehabilitation ward from the acute ward. Patients: A total of 311 first-ever ischaemic stroke patients (mean age 68.9 (standard deviation (SD) 12.2) years). Methods: Data, including common complic...
Cocaine self-administration causes signaling deficits in corticostriatal circuitry that are reversed by BDNF in early withdrawal.
Cocaine self-administration disturbs intracellular signaling in prefrontal cortical neurons that regulate neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens. The deficits in dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) signaling change over time, resulting in different neuroadaptations during early withdrawal from cocaine self-admini...
Evolution of the miR-290-295/miR-371-373 Cluster Family Seed Repertoire.
Expression of the mouse miR-290-295 cluster and its miR-371-373 homolog in human is restricted to early embryos, primordial germ cells, the germ line stem cell compartment of the adult testis and to stem cell lines derived from the early embryonic lineages. Sequencing data suggest considerable seed diversification betw...
Detection and Characterization of Cancer Cells and Pathogenic Bacteria Using Aptamer-Based Nano-Conjugates.
Detection and characterization of cells using aptamers and aptamer-conjugated nanoprobes has evolved a great deal over the past few decades. This evolution has been driven by the easy selection of aptamers via in vitro cell-SELEX, permitting sensitive discrimination between target and normal cells, which includes patho...
Validating and Calibrating the Nintendo Wii Balance Board to Derive Reliable Center of Pressure Measures.
The Nintendo Wii balance board (WBB) has generated significant interest in its application as a postural control measurement device in both the clinical and (basic, clinical, and rehabilitation) research domains. Although the WBB has been proposed as an alternative to the "gold standard" laboratory-grade force plate, a...
A Sensorized Nuss Bar for Patient-Specific Treatment of Pectus Excavatum.
Pectus Excavatum is an anatomical deformation characterized by a depression of the anterior chest wall. Nuss technique (representing the current clinical golden standard) consists in the introduction of a corrective metal bar, in order to raise the sternum in its anatomic natural position. Nowadays, the bar plays purel...
Changes in Catastrophizing and Depressed Mood During and After Early Cognitive Behaviorally Oriented Interventions for Pain.
Catastrophizing and depressed mood are risk factors for poor outcome in treatments for pain and appear to act as mediators for favorable outcome. However, little is known about how catastrophizing and depressed mood co-occur within individuals and how these patterns change during treatment, which is the focus of the cu...
Association between DAPK1 Promoter Methylation and Cervical Cancer: A Meta-Analysis.
BACKGROUND: Death-associated protein kinase1 (DAPK1) is an important tumor suppressor gene. DNA methylation can inactivate genes, which has often been observed in the carcinogenesis of cervical cancer. During the past several decades, many studies have explored the association between DAPK1 promoter methylation and cer...
Retention and Risk Factors for Attrition in a Large Public Health ART Program in Myanmar: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis.
BACKGROUND: The outcomes from an antiretroviral treatment (ART) program within the public sector in Myanmar have not been reported. This study documents retention and the risk factors for attrition in a large ART public health program in Myanmar. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of a cohort of adult patients enrolled ...
An evidence-based method for examining and reporting cognitive processes in nutrition research.
Cognitive outcomes are frequently implemented as endpoints in nutrition research. To reduce the number of statistical comparisons it is commonplace for nutrition researchers to combine cognitive test results into a smaller number of broad cognitive abilities. However, there is a clear lack of understanding and consensu...
Contribution of Psychosocial Factors to the Association between Socioeconomic Position and Takeaway Food Consumption.
OBJECTIVE: To examine whether psychosocial factors mediate (explain) the association between socioeconomic position and takeaway food consumption. DESIGN: A cross-sectional postal survey conducted in 2009. SETTING: Participants reported their usual consumption of 22 takeaway food items, and these were grouped into a "h...
Long-term follow-up of adult men born with hypospadias: Urological and cosmetic results.
PURPOSE: To present data on long-term functional and cosmetic results after hypospadias surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Men > 18 years of age with hypospadias treated in Sweden were asked to participate in the study as well as age-matched controls and circumcised men. All participants answered questionnaires and a subgr...
To Be or Want to Be: Disentangling the Role of Actual versus Ideal Self in Implicit Self-Esteem.
A growing body of work suggests that both depressed and non-depressed individuals display implicit positivity towards the self. In the current study, we examined whether this positivity can be underpinned by two qualitatively distinct propositions related to actual ('I am good') or ideal ('I want to be good') self-este...
Mitochondrial disturbances in HIV pregnancies.
BACKGROUND:: Mitochondrial consequences from foetal exposure to HIV infection and antiretrovirals could be further investigated. OBJECTIVE:: The main objective of this study was to evaluate maternofoetal mitochondrial disturbances in HIV infection and antiretroviral administration in human pregnancies as the aetiopatho...
Persistent HIV-related stigma in rural Uganda during a period of increasing HIV incidence despite treatment expansion.
OBJECTIVE:: Programme implementers have argued that the increasing availability of antiretroviral therapy (ART) will reduce the stigma of HIV. We analyzed data from Uganda to assess how HIV-related stigma has changed during a period of ART expansion. DESIGN:: Serial cross-sectional surveys. METHODS:: We analyzed data f...
Detection of Colorectal Cancer (CRC) by Urinary Volatile Organic Compound Analysis.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer related death in Europe and the USA. There is no universally accepted effective non-invasive screening test for CRC. Guaiac based faecal occult blood (gFOB) testing has largely been superseded by Faecal Immunochemical testing (FIT), but sensitivity still remains poor...
Soyasaponins Prevent HO-Induced Inhibition of Gap Junctional Intercellular Communication by Scavenging Reactive Oxygen Species in Rat Liver Cells.
It appears to be more practical and effective to prevent carcinogenesis by targeting the tumor promotion stage. Gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) is strongly involved in carcinogenesis, especially the tumor promotion stage. Considerable interest has been focused on the chemoprevention activities of soya...
Short-term Curcuminoid Supplementation for Chronic Pulmonary Complications due to Sulfur Mustard Intoxication: Positive Results of a Randomized Double-blind Placebo-controlled Trial.
Pulmonary problems are among the most frequent chronic complications of sulfur mustard (SM) intoxication and are often accompanied by deregulated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Curcuminoids, comprising curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin, are phytochemicals with remarkable anti-inflammatory ...
Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Pathology, therapeutic drugs and prophylaxis.
Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (hRSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract diseases, affecting particularly newborns and young children. This virus is able to modulate the immune response, generating a pro-inflammatory environment in the airways that causes obstruction and pulmonary alterations in the inf...
Regional fibrocartilage variations in human anterior cruciate ligament tibial insertion: a histological three-dimensional reconstruction.
Abstract Purpose: We studied anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tibial insertion architecture in humans and investigated regional differences that could suggest unequal force transmission from ligament to bone. Materials and Methods: ACL tibial insertions were processed histologically. With Photoshop software, digital im...
Multiprofessional teamwork in work-related medical rehabilitation for patients with chronic musculoskeletal disorders.
Objective: Systematic reviews indicate the effectiveness of multimodal rehabilitation. In Germany this has been shown, in particular, for work-related medical rehabilitation. A recently published guideline on work-related medical rehabilitation support the dissemination of these programmes. The feasibility of this guid...
High Uptake of Systematic HIV Counseling and Testing and TB Symptom Screening at a Primary Care Clinic in South Africa.
BACKGROUND: Timely diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis (TB) and HIV is important to reduce morbidity and mortality, and break the cycle of ongoing transmission. METHODS: We performed an implementation research study to develop a model for systematic TB symptom screening and HIV counseling and testing (HCT) for all ...
Surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry using ordered silicon nanopillar arrays.
Surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (SALDI-MS) is ideally suited for the high-throughput analysis of small molecules in bodily fluids (e.g. saliva, urine, and blood plasma). A key application for this technique is the testing of drug consumption in the context of workplace, roadside, athlete ...
Lung tissue engineering and preservation of alveolar microstructure using a novel casting method.
We used a rat model to decellularize and seed alveolar cells on a three-dimensional lung scaffold to preserve alveolar microarchitecture. We verified the preservation of terminal respiratory structure by casting and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the casts after decellularization. Whole lungs were obtained fr...
Baicalein inhibits agonist- and tumor cell-induced platelet aggregation while suppressing pulmonary tumor metastasis via cAMP-mediated VASP phosphorylation along with impaired MAPKs and PI3K-Akt activation.
Recently, the importance of platelet activation in cancer metastasis has become generally accepted. As a results, the development of new platelet inhibitors with minimal adverse effects is now a promising area of targeted cancer therapy. Baicalein is a functional ingredient derived from the root of Scutellaria baicalen...
Effects of Perioperative Supplementation with Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Leukotriene B4 and Leukotriene B5 Production by Stimulated Neutrophils in Patients with Colorectal Cancer: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Intervention Trial.
Omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FA) may have beneficial clinical and immune-modulating effects in surgical patients. In a randomized, double-blind, prospective, placebo-controlled trial, 148 patients referred for elective colorectal cancer surgery received an n-3 FA-enriched oral nutritional supplement (ONS) providing 2.0 g o...
Green Tea Consumption Affects Cognitive Dysfunction in the Elderly: A Pilot Study.
Green tea is known to have various health benefits for humans. However, the effect of green tea consumption on cognitive dysfunction remains to be clinically verified. We conducted a clinical study to investigate the effects of green tea consumption on cognitive dysfunction. Twelve elderly nursing home residents with c...
Utility of cystatin C-derived equations for evaluation of residual renal function in peritoneal dialysis patients.
Abstract Background: Residual renal function (RRF) plays a key role in the follow-up of the patients undergoing chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Available methods for measurement of RRF are cumbersome and rarely used, and alternatively, cystatin C-derived equations have been proposed. Methods: Seventy-six...
The Effect and Mechanism of Growth Hormone Replacement on Cognitive Function in Rats with Traumatic Brain Injury.
OBJECTIVE: The effects of growth hormone on cognitive dysfunction were observed in a controlled cortical impact (CCI) rat model and the underlying mechanism was explored. METHOD: Three-month-old male SD rats were randomly divided into sham (n = 10), control (n = 10), and CCI groups (n = 40) The parameters were set as f...
Comparison of Combined and Sequential Surgery for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy: A Single Surgeon Study.
PURPOSE: To compare the results of combined and consecutive surgeries to treat proliferative diabetic retinopathy and cataract. METHODS: Retrospective comparative study. Forty-one patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) were enrolled. Twenty-nine eyes for the combined surgery group and twelve eyes for th...
Editorial: Oral Delivery of Biotechnology based Drugs: Dream or Reality?
Biotechnology has provided a wide array of therapeutic agents such as peptide, protein, vaccine and gene products that are currently mainly administered by means of injections. Therapeutic agents produced by biotechnological processes such as recombinant DNA technology, fermentation, tissue and cell culture technology ...
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Requires the ECF Sigma Factor SigE to Arrest Phagosome Maturation.
SigE represents one of the best characterized alternative sigma factors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, playing a major role in the response to several environmental stresses and essential for growth in macrophages and virulence. In previous work we demonstrated that a mutant of M. tuberculosis in which the sigE gene wa...
Symptomatic and asymptomatic secondary transmission of Cryptosporidium parvum following two related outbreaks in schoolchildren.
SUMMARY Two related outbreaks (in 2009 and 2012) of cryptosporidiosis in Norwegian schoolchildren during a stay at a remote holiday farm provided us with a natural experiment to investigate possible secondary transmission of Cryptosporidium parvum IIa A19G1R1. After the children had returned home, clinical data and sto...
Developing a Follow-Up Strategy for Patients with PSA Ranging from 4 to 10 ng/ml via a New Model to Reduce Unnecessary Prostate Biopsies.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to develop a follow-up strategy based on the new model to reduce unnecessary prostate biopsies in patients with prostate specific antigen (PSA) ranging from 4 to 10 ng/ml. METHODS: A total of 436 patients with PSA ranging from 4 to 10 ng/ml who had undergone transrectal ultrasound (...
Voluntary Exercise Prevents Cisplatin-Induced Muscle Wasting during Chemotherapy in Mice.
Loss of muscle mass related to anti-cancer therapy is a major concern in cancer patients, being associated with important clinical endpoints including survival, treatment toxicity and patient-related outcomes. We investigated effects of voluntary exercise during cisplatin treatment on body weight, food intake as well a...
The Effects of Orally Administered Beta-Glucan on Innate Immune Responses in Humans, a Randomized Open-Label Intervention Pilot-Study.
RATIONALE: To prevent or combat infection, increasing the effectiveness of the immune response is highly desirable, especially in case of compromised immune system function. However, immunostimulatory therapies are scarce, expensive, and often have unwanted side-effects. beta-glucans have been shown to exert immunostim...
Combining MK626, a Novel DPP-4 Inhibitor, and Low-Dose Monoclonal CD3 Antibody for Stable Remission of New-Onset Diabetes in Mice.
Combining immune intervention with therapies that directly influence the functional state of the beta-cells is an interesting strategy in type 1 diabetes cure. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors elevate circulating levels of active incretins, which have been reported to enhance insulin secretion and synthesis, c...
Effects of Intra-Aortic Balloon Counterpulsation Pump on Mortality of Acute Myocardial Infarction.
BACKGROUND: Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have evaluated the effect of intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation pump(IABP) on the mortality of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). OBJECTIVES: To analyze the relevant RCT data on the effect of IABP on mortality and the occurrence of bleeding in AMI. DATA SOURCES...