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Does The Bible Say Anything About Gun Control?
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The recent shootings across the United States have caused much heartache. The senseless and tragic incidents have also renewed the intensity of discussion regarding American gun laws. Politicians, sportsmen, and theologians have all weighed in on the issue of gun control. Guns are readily available in the U.S., and ownership is protected by the Constitution. How should a Christian view gun control? What does the Bible have to say that would apply to gun control?
What the Bible Says
swordThe Bible was written long before the invention of any type of gun, so the phrase “gun control” will not be found in Scripture. However, the Bible records many accounts of wars, battles, and the use of weapons. Warfare is presented as an inevitable part of living in a fallen world (Mark 13:7; James 4:1), and weaponry is a necessary part of warfare. Weapons in the Bible were also used for personal protection. In some parts of Israel, robbers were common (see Luke 10:30), and many people carried weapons when they traveled. Carrying a weapon for self-defense is never condemned in the Bible. In fact, it was mentioned in a positive light by Jesus Himself on one occasion (Luke 22:35-38).
Obeying The Law Of The Land:
Christians are called to submit to governing authorities, and they are to obey the laws of the land (Romans 13:1-7; 1 Peter 2:13-17). This would have to apply to gun laws, too. If American gun laws change, American Christians should submit to these changes and work through democratic means toward any desired alternatives. The Bible does not forbid the possession of weapons, and neither does it command such possession. Laws may come and go, but the goal of the believer in Jesus Christ remains the same: to glorify the Lord (1 Corinthians 10:31).
You might also be interested in: How Should Christians View Politics?
Reaping What You Sow
Another biblical principle to consider is that “all who draw the sword will die by the sword” (Matthew 26:52). Jesus said this to Peter when Peter tried to mount an imprudent “defense” of Jesus against the mob that had come to arrest Him. Peter’s actions were not only futile against such a “large crowd armed with swords and clubs” (verse 47), but his rash behavior also belied Jesus’ submissive attitude (verse 50) and worked against the fulfillment of Scripture (verse 54). There is “a time for war and a time for peace” (Ecclesiastes 3:8), and Peter confused the two.
Liberty To Choose
Christianity supports personal freedom. Romans 14:1-4 indicates that, when Scripture does not clearly address a particular issue, there is freedom for individual choice. America has historically embraced the concept of personal freedom that resonates with this principle, and the founding documents guarantee wide freedoms regarding firearms. Some point to Matthew 5:9, in which Jesus pronounces a blessing on the peacemakers, and apply it to the issue of gun control. The idea is that guns are antithetical to peace. This may be more of a philosophical or political idea than a theological one, however. There is nothing theologically, or even logically, that links guns to a lack of peace; sometimes, guns help maintain civil peace.
Also check out: How Should Christians View Environmentalism?
In Conclusion
As far as the Bible is concerned, the use of guns is a matter of personal conviction. There is nothing unspiritual about owning a gun or knowing how to use one. There is nothing wrong with protecting oneself or loved ones, even if it involves the use of weapons. We need not pretend there is never a need for guns, but pointing a gun at a person should always be a last resort. We should seek to neutralize threats without violence whenever possible.
So, how should a Christian view gun control? With the authority God has entrusted to it, the government has the right to allow or disallow gun ownership to whatever degree it deems right. We, as citizens, are called to submit to whatever gun control laws the government institutes. This is not, however, a statement on the wisdom of gun control. There are good reasons to allow law-abiding citizens to own guns. Ultimately, guns are not the problem. Sinful people are the problem.
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Field hockey and lacrosse balls seem very similar from a distance but upon closer inspection, they have several key differences. In particular, there are significant discrepancies in the size, weight and surface characteristics in these two balls. Both can have potentially concussive impacts and should only be used with proper protective gear.
Both field hockey and lacrosse use balls that are perfectly spherical in shape, although some field hockey balls are dimpled. Lacrosse balls are slightly smaller than their field hockey brethren; regulation lacrosse balls must have a circumference between 7.75 and 8 inches, while field hockey balls must have a circumference ranging from 224 to 235 millimeters, which corresponds with 8.8 to 9.25 inches around.
The official rules of field hockey stipulate that the ball must weigh between 156 and 163 grams, which corresponds to a range of approximately 5.5 to 5.75 ounces. This allowable range is slightly heavier than a lacrosse ball, which must weigh between 5 and 5.25 ounces.
Surface Characteristics
The surface of a field hockey ball and a lacrosse ball differ across three primary characteristics. The surface of a field hockey ball consists of a hard, nonelastic plastic shell, while a lacrosse ball is composed of bouncier, smooth rubber. Since lacrosse balls are designed to bounce, they have a completely smooth surface, while field hockey balls can have either a smooth surface or a surface that is uniformly covered with small indentations like a golf ball. These indentations are typically found on balls that are used for outdoor play, while indoor field hockey balls are more likely to be smooth.
Ball Safety
The National Operating on Standards for Athletic Equipment, or NOCSAE, conducts tests measuring the safety of equipment used in sports popular in the United States. In January 2012, NOCSAE issued a report indicating that facial protectors and helmets often fail to protect players struck in the head by field hockey or lacrosse balls. In field hockey, several balls that have struck face protectors have shattered the protector, while in lacrosse balls striking the helmet often cause injuries including fractured skulls. NOCSAE notes that non-competition caliber lacrosse balls that do not meet international standards are more likely to cause injury than regulation balls. Balls that meet NOCSAE specifications and safety regulations feature a logo on the packaging that reads "MEETS NOCSAE LAX STANDARDS."
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» The Battle of Maldon
The Battle of Maldon
• Background
The battle of Maldon was fought on Monday, August 10th, a.d. 991 near Maldon, a small town in Essex, southeastern England. The men of Essex, defending their land, were led by Earl Birhtnoth (variously spelled). Their enemy was a Viking raiding-party that had landed nearby. Birhtnoth's force lost the battle. This was in the reign of Ethelred, the ninth King of England (counting Alfred as the first).
This poem was written in commemoration of the battle. The date of the poem's composition is a matter of scholarly dispute: the Wikipedia entry for the poem gives details.
Both the battle and the poem are described on numerous websites. The reading I have borrowed here is by Michael D. C. Drout, Prentice Professor of English at Wheaton College, Norton, MA. Prof. Drout has compiled an excellent collection of readings on his "Anglo-Saxon Aloud" website.
The poem has come down to us with the beginning and end missing. What survives is 325 lines or part-lines in Old English. I have broken these into 13 distinct narrative stanzas to make the poem easier on the eye. The translation is by E.T. Donaldson, from here.
The stanzas are as follows.
Theme Lines
1 Birhtnoth tells his men to leave their horses and advance on foot. 1-17
2 Birhtnoth deploys his men for battle. 18-25
3 The Vikings send forward a herald to demand tribute, offering peace in return. 25-42
4 Birhtnoth replies defiantly to the Viking herald. 43-62
5 The Saxons move forward; but it is high tide, the causeway is covered, and neither side can advance to meet the other. 63-72
6 The tide ebbs, the causeway appears. Saxon warriors defend it. The Vikings can't cross. They ask for passage. 73-88
7 The earl withdraws his men from the causeway so that the Vikings can pass over. 89-95
8 The Vikings cross over and battle is joined. 96-129
9 Birhtnoth in combat; he is wounded twice. 130-161
10 Birhtnoth and his two companions are slain. 162-184
11 Some cowards flee. The others make speeches to hearten each other, and fight on. 185-272
12 Eadweard, Æthelric, and Offa die bravely. 273-294
13 The men of Essex fight on to avenge their fallen lord. 295-325
• Notes
"Offa's kinsman" — Offa is mentioned later in the poem as one of Birhtnoth's principal retainers; his young kinsman is not otherwise identified.
"Eadric" — We don't know who Eadric was. He is not otherwise mentioned.
"heriot" — literally "military equipment": the horse and arms supplied by a tenant to his lord, returnable upon the tenant's death
"Eadweard … chamberlain" — they are the same person
"churl" — common soldier, by contrast with the noble Earl. A churl is a freeman of the lowest rank.
"southern-made spear" — made in England or France; the Vikings preferred such weapons, made in the nations to their south
"he thrust the spear with his shield" — this maneuver frees the spear from the wounded man's body and enables him to take retaliatory action
"Mercia" — One of the old Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, at this point just the West Midlands (Shropshire, Worcestershire, Herefordshire, Gloucestershire, Staffordshire, Warwickshire, Oxfordshire), its northeastern parts having been swallowed up in the Danelaw 100 years earlier.
"Sturmer" — a village in northern Essex, 20 miles southeast of Cambridge; presumably the speaker's home village
"the hostage" — presumably taken in some previous fight with the Northumbians. Among Germanic peoples, hostages of high rank generally fought on the side of the warriors who held them in hostage.
"The shield's rim broke" — we seem to have lost an account of a Viking's attack on Offa here.
• Play the reading
Note: The reading lasts 20 minutes 54 seconds.
Text of the poem.
The Battle of Maldon
[Lines 1-17: Birhtnoth tells his men to leave their horses and advance on foot. Notes are here.]
… … … brocen wurde.
Het þa hyssa hwæne hors forlætan,
feor afysan, and forð gangan,
hicgan to handum and to hige godum.
Þa þæt Offan mæg ærest onfunde,
þæt se eorl nolde yrhðo geþolian,
he let him þa of handon leofne fleogan
hafoc wið þæs holtes, and to þære hilde stop;
be þam man mihte oncnawan þæt se cniht nolde
wacian æt þam wige, þa he to wæpnum feng.
Eac him wolde Eadric his ealdre gelæstan,
frean to gefeohte, ongan þa forð beran
gar to guþe. He hæfde god geþanc
þa hwile þe he mid handum healdan mihte
bord and bradswurd; beot he gelæste
þa he ætforan his frean feohtan sceolde.
… would be broken. Then he commanded each of his warriors to leave his horse, drive it far away, and walk forward, trusting in his hands and in his good courage. When Offa's kinsman understood that the earl would not put up with cowardice, he let his beloved hawk fly from his hand toward the woods and advanced to the battle: by this men might know that the youth would not weaken in the fight once he had taken up his weapons. Eadric wished also to serve his lord the earl in the battle; he carried his spear forward to the conflict. He was of good heart as long as he might hold shield and broadsword in his hands; he carried out the vow that he had made, now that he was to fight before his lord.
[Lines 18-25: Birhtnoth deploys his men for battle.]
Ða þær Byrhtnoð ongan beornas trymian,
rad and rædde, rincum tæhte
hu hi sceoldon standan and þone stede healdan,
and bæd þæt hyra randas rihte heoldon
fæste mid folman, and ne forhtedon na.
Þa he hæfde þæt folc fægere getrymmed,
he lihte þa mid leodon þær him leofost wæs,
þær he his heorðwerod holdost wiste.
Then Birhtnoth began to place his men at their stations; he rode about and advised them, taught the troops how they should stand and hold the place and bade them grasp their shields aright, firm in their hands, and have no fear. When he had arranged his folk properly, he alighted among them where it seemed best to him, where he knew his retainers to be most loyal.
[Lines 26-42: The Vikings send forward a herald to demand tribute, offering peace in return.]
Þa stod on stæðe, stiðlice clypode
wicinga ar, wordum mælde,
se on beot abead brimliþendra
ærænde to þam eorle, þær he on ofre stod:
"Me sendon to þe sæmen snelle,
heton ðe secgan þæt þu most sendan raðe
beagas wið gebeorge; and eow betere is
þæt ge þisne garræs mid gafole forgyldon,
þon we swa hearde hilde dælon.
Ne þurfe we us spillan, gif ge spedaþ to þam;
we willað wið þam golde grið fæstnian.
Gyf þu þat gerædest, þe her ricost eart,
þæt þu þine leoda lysan wille,
syllan sæmannum on hyra sylfra dom
feoh wið freode, and niman frið æt us,
we willaþ mid þam sceattum us to scype gangan,
on flot feran, and eow friþes healdan."
Then the Vikings' herald stood on the river bank, cried out loudly, spoke words, boastfully proclaimed the seafarers' message to the earl where he stood on the shore: "Bold seamen have sent me to you, have commanded me to say to you that you must quickly send treasure in order to protect yourself; and it is better for you to buy off this spear-assault with tribute than to have us give you harsh war. There is no need for us to destroy one another, if you are rich enough to pay. With the gold we will confirm truce. If you that are highest here decide upon this, that you will ransom your people, and in return for peace give the seamen money in the amount they request, and receive peace from us, we will go to ship with the tribute, set sail on the sea, and keep peace with you."
[Lines 43-62: Birhtnoth replies defiantly to the Viking herald. Notes are here.]
Byrhtnoð maþelode, bord hafenode,
wand wacne æsc, wordum mælde,
yrre and anræd ageaf him andsware:
"Gehyrst þu, sælida, hwæt þis folc segeð?
Hi willað eow to gafole garas syllan,
ættrynne ord and ealde swurd,
þa heregeatu þe eow æt hilde ne deah.
Brimmanna boda, abeod eft ongean,
sege þinum leodum miccle laþre spell,
þæt her stynt unforcuð eorl mid his werode,
þe wile gealgean eþel þysne,
Æþelredes eard, ealdres mines,
folc and foldan. Feallan sceolon
hæþene æt hilde. To heanlic me þinceð
þæt ge mid urum sceattum to scype gangon
unbefohtene, nu ge þus feor hider
on urne eard in becomon.
Ne sceole ge swa softe sinc gegangan;
us sceal ord and ecg ær geseman,
grim guðplega, ær we gofol syllon."
Birhtnoth spoke, raised his shield, his slender ash-spear, uttered words, angry and resolute gave him answer: "Do you hear, seafarer, what this folk says? They will give you spears for tribute, poisoned point and old sword, heriot that avails you not in battle. Sea-wanderers' herald, take back our answer, speak to your people a message far more hateful, that here stands with his host an undisgraced earl who will defend this country, my lord Ethelred's homeland, folk and land. Heathen shall fall in the battle. It seems to me too shameful that you should go unfought to ship with our tribute, now that you have come thus far into our land. Not so easily shall you get treasure: point and edge shall first reconcile us, grim battle-play, before we give tribute."
[Lines 63-72: The Saxons move forward; but it is high tide, the causeway is covered, and neither side can advance to meet the other.]
Het þa bord beran, beornas gangan,
þæt hi on þam easteðe ealle stodon.
Ne mihte þær for wætere werod to þam oðrum;
þær com flowende flod æfter ebban,
lucon lagustreamas. To lang hit him þuhte,
hwænne hi togædere garas beron.
Hi þær Pantan stream mid prasse bestodon,
Eastseaxena ord and se æschere.
Ne mihte hyra ænig oþrum derian,
buton hwa þurh flanes flyht fyl gename.
Then he ordered the men to bear their shields, go forward so that they all stood on the river bank. Because of the water neither band could come to the other: after the ebb, the floodtide came flowing in; currents met and crossed. It seemed to them too long a time before they might bear their spears together. On the river Pant they stood in proud array, the battle-line of the East Saxons and the men from the ash-ships. Nor might any of them injure another, unless one should receive death from the flight of an arrow.
[Lines 73-88: The tide ebbs, the causeway appears. Saxon warriors defend it. The Vikings can't cross. They ask for passage.]
Se flod ut gewat; þa flotan stodon gearowe,
wicinga fela, wiges georne.
Het þa hæleða hleo healdan þa bricge
wigan wigheardne, se wæs haten Wulfstan,
cafne mid his cynne, þæt wæs Ceolan sunu,
þe ðone forman man mid his francan ofsceat
þe þær baldlicost on þa bricge stop.
Þær stodon mid Wulfstane wigan unforhte,
ælfere and Maccus, modige twegen,
þa noldon æt þam forda fleam gewyrcan,
ac hi fæstlice wið ða fynd weredon,
þa hwile þe hi wæpna wealdan moston.
Þa hi þæt ongeaton and georne gesawon
þæt hi þær bricgweardas bitere fundon,
ongunnon lytegian þa laðe gystas,
bædon þæt hi upgang agan moston,
ofer þone ford faran, feþan lædan.
The tide went out. The seamen stood ready, many Vikings eager for war. The earl, protector of men, bade a war-hard warrior — he was named Wulfstan, of bold lineage — to hold the bridge: he was Ceola's son, who with his spear pierced the first man bold enough to step upon the bridge. There stood with Wulfstan fearless fighters, Ælfhere and Maccus, bold men both who would not take flight from the ford, but defended themselves stoutly against the enemy as long as they might wield weapons. When the loathed strangers saw that, and understood clearly that they would face bitter bridge-defenders there, they began to prefer words to deeds, prayed that they might have access to the bank, pass over the ford and lead their forces across.
[Lines 89-95: The earl withdraws his men from the causeway so that the Vikings can pass over.]
Ða se eorl ongan for his ofermode
alyfan landes to fela laþere ðeode.
Ongan ceallian þa ofer cald wæter
Byrhtelmes bearn (beornas gehlyston):
"Nu eow is gerymed, gað ricene to us,
guman to guþe; god ana wat
hwa þære wælstowe wealdan mote."
Then in his overconfidence the earl began to yield ground — too much ground — to the hateful people: Birhthelm's son began to call over the cold water while warriors listened: "Now the way is laid open for you. Come straightway to us, as men to battle. God alone knows which of us may be master of the field."
[Lines 96-129: The Vikings cross over and battle is joined. Notes are here.]
Wodon þa wælwulfas (for wætere ne murnon),
wicinga werod, west ofer Pantan,
ofer scir wæter scyldas wegon,
lidmen to lande linde bæron.
Þær ongean gramum gearowe stodon
Byrhtnoð mid beornum; he mid bordum het
wyrcan þone wihagan, and þæt werod healdan
fæste wið feondum. þa wæs feohte neh,
tir æt getohte. Wæs seo tid cumen
þæt þær fæge men feallan sceoldon.
Þær wearð hream ahafen, hremmas wundon,
earn æses georn; wæs on eorþan cyrm.
Hi leton þa of folman feolhearde speru,
gegrundene garas fleogan;
bogan wæron bysige, bord ord onfeng.
Biter wæs se beaduræs, beornas feollon
on gehwæðere hand, hyssas lagon.
Wund wearð Wulfmær, wælræste geceas,
Byrhtnoðes mæg; he mid billum wearð,
his swuster sunu, swiðe forheawen.
Þær wearð wicingum wiþerlean agyfen.
Gehyrde ic þæt Eadweard anne sloge
swiðe mid his swurde, swenges ne wyrnde,
þæt him æt fotum feoll fæge cempa;
þæs him his ðeoden þanc gesæde,
þam burþene, þa he byre hæfde.
Swa stemnetton stiðhicgende
hysas æt hilde, hogodon georne
hwa þær mid orde ærost mihte
on fægean men feorh gewinnan,
wigan mid wæpnum; wæl feol on eorðan.
Stodon stædefæste; stihte hi Byrhtnoð,
bæd þæt hyssa gehwylc hogode to wige
þe on Denon wolde dom gefeohtan.
The slaughter-wolves advanced, minded not the water, a host of Vikings westward over the Pant, over the bright water bore their shields: sailors to land brought shields of linden. Opposite stood Birhtnoth with his warriors, ready for the fierce invaders. He ordered his men to form a war-hedge with their shields and to hold the formation fast against the enemy. Now was combat near, glory in battle. The time had come when doomed men should fall. Shouts were raised; ravens circled, the eagle eager for food. On earth there was uproar. They let the file-hard spears fly from their hands, grim-ground javelins. Bows were busy, shield felt point. Bitter was the battle-rush. On either side warriors fell, young men lay dead. Wulfmær was wounded, chose the slaughter-bed: kinsman of Birhtnoth — his sister's son — he was cruelly hewn down with swords. Then requital was made to the Vikings: I have heard that Eadweard struck one fiercely with his sword, withheld not the stroke, so that the warrior fell doomed at his feet; for this his lord gave the chamberlain thanks when he had opportunity. Thus men stood firm in the battle, stern of purpose. Eagerly all these armed fighters contended with one another to see who could be the first with his weapon's point to take life from doomed man. The slain fell, carrion, to the earth. The defenders stood fast; Birhtnoth urged them on, bade each man who would win glory from the Danes to give his whole heart to the battle.
[Lines 130-161: Birhtnoth in combat; he is wounded twice. Notes are here.]
Wod þa wiges heard, wæpen up ahof,
bord to gebeorge, and wið þæs beornes stop.
Eode swa anræd eorl to þam ceorle,
ægþer hyra oðrum yfeles hogode.
Sende ða se særinc suþerne gar,
þæt gewundod wearð wigena hlaford;
he sceaf þa mid ðam scylde, þæt se sceaft tobærst,
and þæt spere sprengde, þæt hit sprang ongean.
Gegremod wearð se guðrinc; he mid gare stang
wlancne wicing, þe him þa wunde forgeaf.
Frod wæs se fyrdrinc; he let his francan wadan
þurh ðæs hysses hals, hand wisode
þæt he on þam færsceaðan feorh geræhte.
Ða he oþerne ofstlice sceat,
þæt seo byrne tobærst; he wæs on breostum wund
þurh ða hringlocan, him æt heortan stod
ætterne ord. Se eorl wæs þe bliþra,
hloh þa, modi man, sæde metode þanc
ðæs dægweorces þe him drihten forgeaf.
Forlet þa drenga sum daroð of handa,
fleogan of folman, þæt se to forð gewat
þurh ðone æþelan Æþelredes þegen.
Him be healfe stod hyse unweaxen,
cniht on gecampe, se full caflice
bræd of þam beorne blodigne gar,
Wulfstanes bearn, Wulfmær se geonga,
forlet forheardne faran eft ongean;
ord in gewod, þæt se on eorþan læg
þe his þeoden ær þearle geræhte.
Eode þa gesyrwed secg to þam eorle;
he wolde þæs beornes beagas gefecgan,
reaf and hringas and gerenod swurd.
A war-hard Viking advanced, raised up his weapon, his shield to defend himself, moved against Birhtnoth. As resolute as the churl, the earl advanced toward him. Each of them meant harm to the other. Then the seaman threw his southern-made spear so that the fighters' chief was wounded. But he thrust the spear with his shield so that the shaft split and the spearhead broke off and sprang away. The war-chief was maddened; with his spear he stabbed the proud Viking that had given him the wound. Wise in war was the host's leader: he let his spear go through the man's neck, guided his hand so that he mortally wounded the raider. Then he quickly stabbed another, breaking through the mail-shirt: in the breast, quite through the corselet, was this one wounded; at his heart stood the deadly point. The earl was the blither; the bold man laughed, gave thanks to God that the Lord had given him this day's work. One of the Vikings loosed a javelin from his hand, let it fly from his fist, and it sped its way through Æthelred's noble thane. By the earl's side stood a lad not yet grown, a boy in the battle, son of Wulfstan, Wulfmær the young, who plucked full boldly the bloody spear from the warrior. He sent the hard spear flying back again: its point went in, and on the earth lay the man who had sorely wounded his lord. Then an armed Viking stepped toward the earl. He wished to seize the earl's war-gear, make booty of rings and ornamented sword.
[Lines 162-184: Birhtnoth and his two companions are slain.]
þa Byrhtnoð bræd bill of sceðe,
brad and bruneccg, and on þa byrnan sloh.
To raþe hine gelette lidmanna sum,
þa he þæs eorles earm amyrde.
Feoll þa to foldan fealohilte swurd;
ne mihte he gehealdan heardne mece,
wæpnes wealdan. Þa gyt þæt word gecwæð
har hilderinc, hyssas bylde,
bæd gangan forð gode geferan;
ne mihte þa on fotum leng fæste gestandan.
He to heofenum wlat: "Geþancie þe, ðeoda waldend,
ealra þæra wynna þe ic on worulde gebad.
Nu ic ah, milde metod, mæste þearfe
þæt þu minum gaste godes geunne,
þæt min sawul to ðe siðian mote
on þin geweald, þeoden engla,
mid friþe ferian. Ic eom frymdi to þe
þæt hi helsceaðan hynan ne moton."
ða hine heowon hæðene scealcas
and begen þa beornas þe him big stodon,
Ælfnoð and Wulmær begen lagon,
ða onemn hyra frean feorh gesealdon.
Then Birhtnoth took his sword from its sheath, broad and bright-edged, and struck at his assailant's coat of mail. Too soon one of the seafarers hindered him, wounded the earl in his arm. Then the gold-hilted sword fell to the earth: he might not hold the hard blade, wield his weapon. Yet he spoke words, the hoar battle-leader, encouraged his men, bade them go forward stoutly together. He might no longer stand firm on his feet. He looked toward Heaven and spoke: "I thank thee, Ruler of Nations, for all the joys that I have had in the world. Now, gentle Lord, I have most need that thou grant my spirit grace, that my soul may travel to thee — under thy protection, Prince of Angels, depart in peace. I beseech thee that fiends of hell harm it not." Then the heathen warriors slew him and both the men who stood by him; Ælfnoth and Wulfmær both were laid low; close by their lord they gave up their lives.
[Lines 185-272: Some cowards flee. The others make speeches to hearten each other, and fight on. Notes are here.]
Hi bugon þa fram beaduwe þe þær beon noldon.
Þær wearð Oddan bearn ærest on fleame,
Godric fram guþe, and þone godan forlet
þe him mænigne oft mear gesealde;
he gehleop þone eoh þe ahte his hlaford,
on þam gerædum þe hit riht ne wæs,
and his broðru mid him begen ærndon,
Godwine and Godwig, guþe ne gymdon,
ac wendon fram þam wige and þone wudu sohton,
flugon on þæt fæsten and hyra feore burgon,
and manna ma þonne hit ænig mæð wære,
gyf hi þa geearnunga ealle gemundon
þe he him to duguþe gedon hæfde.
Swa him Offa on dæg ær asæde
on þam meþelstede, þa he gemot hæfde,
þæt þær modiglice manega spræcon
þe eft æt þearfe þolian noldon.
Þa wearð afeallen þæs folces ealdor,
Æþelredes eorl; ealle gesawon
heorðgeneatas þæt hyra heorra læg.
Þa ðær wendon forð wlance þegenas,
unearge men efston georne;
hi woldon þa ealle oðer twega,
lif forlætan oððe leofne gewrecan.
Swa hi bylde forð bearn Ælfrices,
wiga wintrum geong, wordum mælde,
Ælfwine þa cwæð, he on ellen spræc:
"Gemunan þa mæla þe we oft æt meodo spræcon,
þonne we on bence beot ahofon,
hæleð on healle, ymbe heard gewinn;
nu mæg cunnian hwa cene sy.
Ic wylle mine æþelo eallum gecyþan,
þæt ic wæs on Myrcon miccles cynnes;
wæs min ealda fæder Ealhelm haten,
wis ealdorman, woruldgesælig.
Ne sceolon me on þære þeode þegenas ætwitan
þæt ic of ðisse fyrde feran wille,
eard gesecan, nu min ealdor ligeð
forheawen æt hilde. Me is þæt hearma mæst;
he wæs ægðer min mæg and min hlaford."
Þa he forð eode, fæhðe gemunde,
þæt he mid orde anne geræhte
flotan on þam folce, þæt se on foldan læg
forwegen mid his wæpne. Ongan þa winas manian,
frynd and geferan, þæt hi forð eodon.
Offa gemælde, æscholt asceoc:
"Hwæt þu, ælfwine, hafast ealle gemanode
þegenas to þearfe, nu ure þeoden lið,
eorl on eorðan. Us is eallum þearf
þæt ure æghwylc oþerne bylde
wigan to wige, þa hwile þe he wæpen mæge
habban and healdan, heardne mece,
gar and godswurd. Us Godric hæfð,
earh Oddan bearn, ealle beswicene.
Wende þæs formoni man, þa he on meare rad,
on wlancan þam wicge, þæt wære hit ure hlaford;
forþan wearð her on felda folc totwæmed,
scyldburh tobrocen. Abreoðe his angin,
þæt he her swa manigne man aflymde!"
Leofsunu gemælde and his linde ahof,
bord to gebeorge; he þam beorne oncwæð:
"Ic þæt gehate, þæt ic heonon nelle
fleon fotes trym, ac wille furðor gan,
wrecan on gewinne minne winedrihten.
Ne þurfon me embe Sturmere stedefæste hælæð
wordum ætwitan, nu min wine gecranc,
þæt ic hlafordleas ham siðie,
wende fram wige, ac me sceal wæpen niman,
ord and iren." He ful yrre wod,
feaht fæstlice, fleam he forhogode.
Dunnere þa cwæð, daroð acwehte,
unorne ceorl, ofer eall clypode,
bæd þæt beorna gehwylc Byrhtnoð wræce:
"Ne mæg na wandian se þe wrecan þenceð
frean on folce, ne for feore murnan."
Þa hi forð eodon, feores hi ne rohton;
ongunnon þa hiredmen heardlice feohtan,
grame garberend, and god bædon
þæt hi moston gewrecan hyra winedrihten
and on hyra feondum fyl gewyrcan.
Him se gysel ongan geornlice fylstan;
he wæs on Norðhymbron heardes cynnes,
Ecglafes bearn, him wæs Æscferð nama.
He ne wandode na æt þam wigplegan,
ac he fysde forð flan genehe;
hwilon he on bord sceat, hwilon beorn tæsde,
æfre embe stunde he sealde sume wunde,
þa hwile ðe he wæpna wealdan moste.
Then there retired from the battle those who did not wish to be there. The son of Odda was the first to flee: Godric went from the fight and left the good man that had given him many a steed. He leaped upon the horse that his lord had owned, upon trappings that he had no right to, and both his brothers galloped with him, Godwine and Godwig cared not for battle, but went from the war and sought the wood, fled to its fastness and saved their lives — and more men than was in any way right, if they remembered all the favors he had done for their benefit. So Offa had said to him that day at the meeting he had held in the place, that many there spoke boldly who would not remain firm at need. The folk's leader had fallen, Æthelred's earl: all his hearth-companions saw that their lord lay dead. Then the proud thanes advanced; men without fear pressed eagerly on. They all desired either of two things, to leave life or avenge the man they loved. Thus Ælfric's son urged them on; the warrior young of winters spoke words; Ælfwine it was who spoke, and spoke boldly: "Remember the speeches we have spoken so often over our mead, when we raised boast on the bench, heroes in the hall, about hard fighting. Now may the man who is bold prove that he is. I will make my noble birth known to all, that I was of great kin in Mercia. My grandfather was named Ealhelm, a wise earl, worldlyprosperous. Thanes among that people shall not have reason to reproach me that I would go from this band of defenders, seek my home, now that my lord lies hewn down in battle. To me that is greatest of griefs: he was both my kinsman and my lord." Then he went forward, bent on revenge, and with the point of his spear pierced one of the pirate band, so that he lay on the earth, destroyed by the weapon. Then Ælfwine began to encourage his comrades, friends and companions, to go forward. Offa spoke, shook his ash-spear: "Lo, you, Ælfwine, have encouraged us all, thanes in need. Now that our lord the earl lies on the earth, there is need for us all that each one of us encourage the other, warriors to battle, as long as he may have and hold weapon, hard sword, spear and good blade. The coward son of Odda, Godric, has betrayed us all; when he rode off on that horse, on that proud steed, many a man thought that he was our lord. Therefore here on the field folk were dispersed, the shield-wall broken. Curses on his action, by which he caused so many men here to flee." Leofsunu spoke, raised the linden buckler, his shield to defend himself; he answered the warrior: "I promise that I will not flee a footstep hence, but I will go forward, avenge my dear lord in the fight. Steadfast warriors about Sturmer need not reproach me with their words that now that my patron is dead I would go lordless home, abandon the battle. But weapon, point and iron, shall take me." Full wrathful he went forward, fought fiercely; flight he despised. Then Dunnere spoke, shook his spear; humble churl, he cried over all, bade each warrior avenge Birhtnoth: "He who intends to avenge his lord on the folk may not hesitate nor care for life." Then they advanced: they cared not for life. The retainers began to fight hardily, fierce spear-bearers, and prayed God that they might avenge their patron and bring destruction to their enemies. The hostage began to help them eagerly. He was of bold kin among the Northumbrians, the son of Ecglaf: his name was Æscferth. He did not flinch at the war-play, but threw spears without pause. Now he hit shield, now he pierced man: each moment he caused some wound, as long as he might wield weapons.
[Lines 273-294: Eadweard, Æthelric, and Offa die bravely. Notes are here.]
þa gyt on orde stod Eadweard se langa,
gearo and geornful, gylpwordum spræc
þæt he nolde fleogan fotmæl landes,
ofer bæc bugan, þa his betera leg.
He bræc þone bordweall and wið þa beornas feaht,
oðþæt he his sincgyfan on þam sæmannum
wurðlice wrec, ær he on wæle læge.
Swa dyde Æþeric, æþele gefera,
fus and forðgeorn, feaht eornoste.
Sibyrhtes broðor and swiðe mænig oþer
clufon cellod bord, cene hi weredon;
bærst bordes lærig, and seo byrne sang
gryreleoða sum. Þa æt guðe sloh
Offa þone sælidan, þæt he on eorðan feoll,
and ðær Gaddes mæg grund gesohte.
Raðe wearð æt hilde Offa forheawen;
he hæfde ðeah geforþod þæt he his frean gehet,
swa he beotode ær wið his beahgifan
þæt hi sceoldon begen on burh ridan,
hale to hame, oððe on here crincgan,
on wælstowe wundum sweltan;
he læg ðegenlice ðeodne gehende.
Eadweard the Long still stood in the line, ready and eager, spoke boasting words, how he would not flee a footstep nor turn back, now that his chief lay dead. He broke the shield-wall and fought against the foe until he had worthily avenged his treasure-giver on the seamen — before he himself lay on the slaughter-bed. So also did Æthelric, noble companion, eager and impetuous; he fought most resolutely, this brother of Sibirht, as did many another: they split the hollow shield and defended themselves boldly. The shield's rim broke and … the mail-shirt sang one of horror's songs. Then in the battle Offa struck the seafarer so that he fell on the earth, and there Gadd's kinsman himself sought the ground: Offa was quickly hewn down in the fight. He had, however, performed what he had promised his lord, what he had vowed before to his ringgiver, that they should either both ride to the town, hale to their home, or fall among the host, die of wounds in the slaughter-place. He lay as a thane should, near his lord.
[Lines 295-325: The men of Essex fight on to avenge their fallen lord.]
ða wearð borda gebræc. Brimmen wodon,
guðe gegremode; gar oft þurhwod
fæges feorhhus. Forð þa eode Wistan,
þurstanes sunu, wið þas secgas feaht;
he wæs on geþrange hyra þreora bana,
ær him Wigelines bearn on þam wæle læge.
Þær wæs stið gemot; stodon fæste
wigan on gewinne, wigend cruncon,
wundum werige. Wæl feol on eorþan.
Oswold and Eadwold ealle hwile,
begen þa gebroþru, beornas trymedon,
hyra winemagas wordon bædon
þæt hi þær æt ðearfe þolian sceoldon,
unwaclice wæpna neotan.
Byrhtwold maþelode bord hafenode
(se wæs eald geneat), æsc acwehte;
he ful baldlice beornas lærde:
"Hige sceal þe heardra, heorte þe cenre,
mod sceal þe mare, þe ure mægen lytlað.
Her lið ure ealdor eall forheawen,
god on greote. A mæg gnornian
se ðe nu fram þis wigplegan wendan þenceð.
Ic eom frod feores; fram ic ne wille,
ac ic me be healfe minum hlaforde,
be swa leofan men, licgan þence."
Swa hi Æþelgares bearn ealle bylde,
Godric to guþe. Oft he gar forlet,
wælspere windan on þa wicingas,
swa he on þam folce fyrmest eode,
heow and hynde, oðþæt he on hilde gecranc.
Næs þæt na se Godric þe ða guðe forbeah …
Then there was a crash of shields. The seamen advanced, enraged by the fight. Spear oft pierced life-house of doomed man. Then Wistan advanced: Thurstan's son fought against the men. He was the slayer of three of them in the throng before the son of Wighelm lay dead in the carnage. There was stubborn conflict. Warriors stood fast in the fight. Fighting men fell, worn out with wounds: slain fell among slain. All the while Oswold and Eadwold, brothers both, encouraged the men, with their words bade their dear kinsmen that they should stand firm at need, wield their weapons without weakness. Birhtwold spoke, raised his shield — he was an old retainer — shook his ash spear; full boldly he exhorted the men: "Purpose shall be the firmer, heart the keener, courage shall be the more, as our might lessens. Here lies our lord all hewn down, good man on ground. Ever may he lament who now thinks to turn from war-play. I am old of life; from here I will not turn, but by my lord's side, by the man I loved, I intend to lie." So also the son of Æthelgar encouraged them all to the battle: this Godric oft let spear go, slaughter-shaft fly on the Vikings; thus he advanced foremost among the folk, hewed and laid low until he died in the fighting: he was not that Godric who fled the battle … | <urn:uuid:7b1ac02a-f53b-4026-8761-ee14094a3240> | https://johnderbyshire.com/Readings/maldon.html | en | 0.835536 | 0.058188 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
Biggest Problem in the World? – A Species Haunted by Evolutionary Mismatch
Is it Terrorism? No. Climate Change? Guess again. Broken Politics? Wrong!
Chances are “The Biggest Problem in the World” isn’t featured on the News. Are these hot button issues merely symptoms of a much larger problem? Enough with the small talk, what is it?
Evolutionary Mismatch
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What does that mean?
Evolutionary mismatch, also known as mismatch theory or evolutionary trap, is a concept in evolutionary biology that refers to evolved traits that were once advantageous but became maladaptive due to changes in the environment.
Image result
Evolutionary Mismatch huh?… Alright cool, that sounds like a couple of words put together by a pretentious, half-way decent, science teacher.
Lets see what Robert Wright,
(American journalist, scholar, and prize-winning author of best-selling books about science, evolutionary psychology, history, religion, and game theory, including The Evolution of GodNonzero: The Logic of Human DestinyThe Moral AnimalWhy Buddhism is True, and Three Scientists and Their Gods: Looking for Meaning in an Age of Information. He is the co-founder and editor-in-chief of He is a Senior Fellow at the New America Foundation,[1] a think tank that has been described as radical centrist in orientation.[2] Additionally, Wright teaches an undergraduate seminar at Princeton University on the connections between modern cognitive science and Buddhism, in addition to an online course on the same subject.)
has to say about Evolutionary Mismatch.
Image result for the moral animal
“We aren’t designed to stand on crowded subway platforms, or to live in suburbs next door to people we never talk to, or to get hired or fired, or to watch the evening news. This disjunction (mismatch) between the contexts of our design and our lives is probably responsible for much psychopathology, as well as much suffering of a less dramatic sort” (The Moral Animal, Chapter 2: Male and Female – Playing God)
Not convinced?, What if I told you that Evolutionary Mismatch causes Heart disease The #1 Leading cause of death in the U.S., Cancer, Type II Diabetes, Depression and many more Non-Infectious Diseases. (Check out this Table from the book “The Story of The Human Body”]Image result for non-infectious diseases evolutionary mismatch
Image result for the story of the human bodyby Daniel E. Lieberman, Harvard Professor of Human Evolutionary Biology.
These are all mostly preventable but odds are, you or someone you know has been afflicted by these Non-Infectious diseases. The crazy part is that this is only a partial list. Which leaves us asking:
Where did all these Mismatch Diseases come from!?Image result for Daniel Lieberman“Most of the mismatch diseases from which we currently suffer stem from the transition from hunting and gathering to farming”(Daniel Lieberman, The Story of The Human Body, Chapter 8, “Paradise Lost?”)
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Jared Diamond (Ecologist, Anthropologist, Author, Geographer and Biologist) Who wrote “Guns, Germs, and Steel” among other books, says farming was “the worst mistake in the history of the human race”.
(Extracted/Condensed from “The Story of The Human Body”)
Compared to Hunter-Gatherers, Farmers
• Work harder
• Eat a lower quality diet
• Risk famine due to crop failure from floods, droughts, and other disasters
Image result for agriculture famine
• Live in high population densities, which increases risk for infectious diseases and social stress. (As far as social stress, think about long lines accompanied by the frenetic hustle and bustle as you try to get your morning caffeine fix at Starbucks)
Image result for high population density disease
This simple graph show the relationship between Population Density and Disease.
• Close contact with animals through agriculture also spurred countless infectious diseases (Tuberculosis, Lethal Influenza). Thanks to improvements in medicine we are able to avoid a lot of these diseases which increases population density. So ironically, in a way, we are only becoming more vulnerable to evolving infectious diseases.
So why was farming so successful?
The #1 Reason
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Farmers reproduced much faster than
Simply a numbers game. Farming created one of if not the biggest population booms in history.
These days, the thought of more children, make financially literate parents dread the notion of increased expenses. (College Tuition, Car payments, Sports, you name it) However harsh, excess children can be viewed as liabilities in today’s’ economy. (Even a source of poverty) Whereas children served as crucial assets in early agricultural societies. Children occupied the primary labor force on farms which increased their demand, hence: exponential reproduction. This cycle spreads farming, over and over.
To ensure the survival of large populations, farmers grew only a few staple crops in large quantities (High Yields). Such reliance on grains like Wheat and Corn significantly lowered the variety and nutritional value evident in the Hunter-Gatherer diet.
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The over consumption of carbohydrates like Wheat, Corn, etc. has spurred a noticeable amount of Paleo and Low-Carb Diets in recent years. Also in relation to this backlash some books have been published denouncing Wheat and most grains as healthy part of our diet, namely The Wheat Belly Series and Grain Brain.
*Keep in mind, some people in the nutrition community disagree with the information in books like Wheat Belly. Here is a link to an article with opposing views on the nutrition of 100% whole grains and wheat.
This is one of the first Evolutionary Mismatches created by farming. Namely, deficiencies in essential vitamins and minerals, leaves farmers susceptible to diseases. Another problem with the dependence on a small number of crops is famine (aforementioned). If you think about it like investing, Warren Buffett said something along the lines of “Don’t put all your eggs in one basket”. When Buffett said that, he was advocating for a diversified portfolio. (He also strongly advocates against over-diversification).
So how does this relate to farming? Early farmers “put all their eggs in one basket” so to speak, by growing only a few crops in mass quantity. As with investing, if you invested your life savings in one thing and it failed, your doomed. So say 90% of one of these early farmer’s crops is potatoes, what happens when a drought comes in and growing potatoes in longer viable? Malnutrition in children. Then what? Lots of people starve and die, this is called famine. (Irish Potato Famine, just one of the hundreds caused by agriculture) If a Hunter-Gatherer faced the same challenge, they would merely switch to another available food source, no big deal.
So in accordance to the laws of life, Hunter-Gatherers had a more adaptable strategy for food acquisition, opposed to farmers. Another nagging evolutionary mismatch for farmers is food storage. Hunter-Gatherers would typically eat the acquired food within a day or two. Farmers storing food for long periods of time invites Alfatxoins (which thrive on cereals, nuts, and other common pantry items). Alfatoxins can cause a host of problems including: liver damage, cancer, and neurological problems.
Farming also introduced yet another Evolutionary Mismatch inducing practice, stripping the fiber from grains. Fiber helps digest carbohydrates at a slower rate so our body can process them properly. This is the difference between a Sweet Potato (Complex Carbohydrate) and refined cereal (Simple Carbohydrate aka Starch). Starch that isn’t accompanied by fiber is quickly converted into sugar. Too much starch breaks down your enamel, breeds bacteria and ultimately causes rotten teeth and cavities (Mismatch Diseases). Especially through the High fructose corn syrup (zero fiber) in soft drinks. Image result for mountain dew mouth Nobody wants “Mountain Dew Mouth” so this is definitely a prevalent but highly undesirable Evolutionary Mismatch. Excess sugar is probably the worst nutritional mismatch for our health. From less serious chronic mismatch diseases like Acne and cavities to more serious ones like diabetes and Heart Disease. In fact, American Science Writer, Gary Taubes wrote a whole book on it.
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Now, I’m not going to do an in-depth societal cost-benefit analysis of the positive/negative impact of agriculture (Thats not the point). After only scratching the surface and highlighting a few of the maladaptive practices we’ve picked up, you can decide for yourself. After factoring in all the research, Daniel Lieberman seems to think “Simply put, over time, farming life generally became nastier, more brutish, shorter, and more painful”. (The Story of The Human Body, Chapter 8, Was Farming Worth It”). In this quote Lieberman is of course referring to our ancestors and early adopters of agriculture.
The next rapid growth in culture and technology was the Industrial Revolution which created even more mismatches we see today.
The Industrial Revolution
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The whole premise of Evolutionary Mismatch is that we humans are walking around with Stone Age, Neolithic Bodies and Brains (Partially) that are not adapted to prosper in our modern environments. Since culture evolves much faster than biology and physiology, we are akin to fish out of water. The Industrial Revolution represents a significant time period of cultural growth which in turn surfaces more Evolutionary Mismatches that haunt us to this day.
One example is the mismatch of factory farming made possible by the industrial revolution. Factory Farming is innovative in the fact that it’s a system to feed more people, but simply put, it makes for lower quality food. Not to mention the cringe worthy ethical concerns. In align with Evolutionary Mismatch, as Joel Salatin would say “Folks This Ain’t Normal”
Image result for folks this ain't normal
Simply put, the innovations of the Industrial Revolution allowed us to work less, plus have an over abundance of food and stimulation. This abundance of food we have today wasn’t available to our ancestors which causes a mismatch. (Eating more and being less active, you’ve heard it before) The Evolutionary perspective explains that storing fat (Energy Reserves) in the past was a survival method, for the lean months. The extra fat could have been the difference between life and death. In the modern world there are no lean months. Too much fat accumulated is problematic, this mismatch strongly increases the risk of multiple illnesses. (Cardiovascular Disease, Digestive Tissues Cancers, to name a few)
This point about the implications of excess energy is clearly articulated in a paragraph from the book “Why Beautiful People Have More Daughters”
Image result for why beautiful have more daughters
“Take for example our preference for sweets and fats as an evolved psychological mechanism. This psychological mechanism solved the adaptive problem of survival in the ancestral environment by allowing those who possessed it to live longer. Our consumption for sweets and fats was therefore adaptive in the ancestral environment. However, we now live in an environment where sweets and fats are abundantly available in every check out line, in every supermarket, in every city, in every industrial society, twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. In other words, the original adaptive problem (malnutrition) no longer exists; very few people die of malnutrition in industrial societies. Yet we still possess the same psychological mechanism that compels us to consume sweets and fats. Because our environment is so vastly different from our ancestral environment, we now face a curious situation (Me, aka mismatch) where those who behave according to the dictates of evolved psychological mechanisms are worse off in terms of survival (Me, How Ironic). Obesity (to which overconsumption of sweets and fats leads) hinders survival. The Savanna Principle (Me- A principle in evolutionary psychology based around the notion that our brains/bodies are stuck in the stone age) suggests that we continue to have (currently maladaptive) preferences for sweets, and as a result, become obese, because our brain cannot readily comprehend the supermarkets, the abundance of food in general, and indeed agriculture, none of which existed in the ancestral environment. Our brain still assumes we are hunter-gatherers with very precarious and unpredictable sources of food.” – ( Why Beautiful People Have More Daughters by Alan S. Miller and Satoshi Kanazawa, What is Evolutionary Psychology?)
Evolutionary Mismatch and Depression
*Obviously this can be seen as a vast oversimplification but one can definitely correlate the results of Evoulutionary Mismatch and depression.
Evolutionary Mismatch can disrupt your sleep quality, diet, and increase unnecessary stress. If you add something like loneliness and social isolation, you get a sure-fire recipe for depression. Depression is often treated with antidepressants, now I’m no doctor but this might be ignoring the root cause of depression: Evolutionary Mismatch. I might seem like the man with a hammer (Evolutionary Mismatch) where every problem looks like a nail, but hear me out. Mathew D. Lieberman (Bio – Professor and Social Cognitive Neuroscience Lab Director at UCLA Department of Psychology, Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences) wrote a book called Social, explaining why our brains are hard-wired to be social. Lieberman also explains how socialization is/was fundamental to our success as a species.
Image result for social by matthew lieberman
As a species, hard-wired to connect, a lack of socialization will lead to depression. Due to Evolutionary Mismatch, this detachment from society is now easier than ever. Our ancestors were confined to tribes of about 150 (Dunbar’s Number), and now we have overwhelming social media accounts with thousands of fleeting, shallow, interactions which have the potential deprive us of real human cooperation. Also with advent of airplanes, we no longer have to stay with our tribe (families) which is unique to our Evolutionary Psychology and can impair long-lasting social connections. The Evolutionary Mismatch at play is that we no longer have to live and work together in tribe but still have the brains that function best in that setting. Not to be a reductionist but the result, often accompanied by other destructive mismatches, is depression and all too common anxiety.
After stating some of the problems, here is a link to an article from PsychologyToday with solutions to Evolutionary Mismatch.
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Hi Leader,
I suggested at the beginning of this year that you practice mindful execution by working to harness the disciplines of thought and action.
To build a habit of disciplined operation and implementation, you must develop learning loops that update your real-time decisions and actions - i.e., you pressure-test, debrief, and course-correct on the move. These actions are requirements of an agile leadership that thrives in the face of a shape-shifting environment.
You are a leader because you help the people you work with, not because of your title. You are a leader because you face the world as it is and help to open a way forward for yourself and others to create what is yet to be. Here are four other characteristics of a leader.
Four Characteristics of a Leader
To thrive as a leader, you must be informational, motivational, inspirational and transformational.
1. Informational: You look at the data. You focus on the facts. You share these openly, transparently and fully. And you tell them honestly.
Remember, the genesis of the next crisis is in what we do not know. You build confidence by demonstrating that you are a truth-teller. You help the people around you give their best by telling them what the case is. The beginning of change is in recognizing the situation you are in. As a leader, you must show us and share with us what you see. Be informational.
2. Motivational: Your response to negative facts or data is everything. People focus on negative news because it gets them off the hook. It's an alibi, an excuse to not have to engage and do the work to move forward.
For example, the state of the economy is outside your and others' control, but your response and the state of your economy are not. You improve your economy dramatically when you focus on what you can control and influence. The beginning of personal mastery is choosing to take responsibility to chart your path. Your motivation is in your stance, in the story you choose to tell about what you see. You never engage us with facts. You engage us by your action and the story you tell about the facts. We are watching to see what choices you make and what actions you take. Motivation is about energy, confidence, and self-worth, about believing you can and will make a difference. Create a motivating environment.
3. Inspirational: The spirit is even more resilient than the body. You can run the 100 meter dash on motivation alone. For the marathon, you need to couple motivation with inspiration.
Inspiration is found in the great recovery from doubt and from loss. You are given the power to make something out of nothing, to embark on what was never done before. Inspiration means to be uplifted and helped by something seen or invisible. You turn the impossible to possible, and the seemingly difficult into a graceful act. As a leader, your inspiration produces courage and fortitude, and it is contagious. We experience your inspiration and begin to find our own. You inspire us to believe in ourselves and in our own ability to create extraordinary results. Be inspirational.
4. Transformational: To transform is to lead. You bring information, motivation and inspiration into action and you get a transformational result. Action is the key.
Ours is a universe that loves new beginnings and initiative. It loves new birth and action. You are seeking to convert what was into a new realm of can-do power and possibilities. Half the work of transformation is in what you choose to release. Transformation is made possible by the energy and resources you free up and repurpose. You create a new future as you move into this new space. You lead by showing us how you transform yourself and your environment. You inform us, you motivate us and you inspire us to transform ourselves and our own future. Be transformational.
Now it's your turn. Engage in the act of leading. Inform. Motivate. Inspire. Transform. Become the leader you can be.
© Aviv Shahar | <urn:uuid:cb51365b-c17d-4bea-a343-5724f59dd581> | https://www.avivconsulting.com/newsletter/newsletter-2015-12.html | en | 0.949788 | 0.112099 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
January 6, 2014
The energy used in institutional, commercial, and industrial buildings in cold climates (zone 4 and above) is substantial. Most of this energy is used after construction is complete; hence, reducing the operational energy use and increasing durability should be the prime concern of those who wish to design and build "green" buildings. This digest discusses the ten strategies that will have the greatest impact, based on experience with successful buildings, modeling, and the literature in the field.
Figure 1:
A large modern office tower with highly efficient shape and window-wall areas.
Low-energy buildings are more than buildings with high-performance enclosure assemblies – many other design choices are required, especially for mechanical system design, lighting, and controls. Excellent mechanical systems can be combined with mediocre enclosures to produce a better-than-average building. An exceptional enclosure with poor mechanical systems or controls can also produce an acceptable building. Great buildings, buildings that can reach towards net-zero energy performance, require both a very good enclosure and very good mechanical systems and controls.
However, in modern buildings, the enclosure’s performance almost always has a greater impact on energy use than any other building component. In fact, it is almost impossible to conceive of a low-energy consumption building (and all net-zero energy buildings must first be low-consumption buildings) in a cold climate that does not have an exceptional building enclosure. The enclosure is also implicated in the majority of building durability problems, legal claims against design and construction teams, and a host of comfort and health problems.
Generally, then, for most institutional, commercial and industrial buildings in cold climates, the smart way to approach energy efficiency is to start by addressing the building enclosure design. Then you should select approaches to ventilation, heating and cooling, and lighting. The choices one should consider and make in a building design process usually should be prioritized by both impact on building performance and cost. Some choices are both low cost and high impact – these are naturally high priority. Other choices are important to make early in design because they either empower future important decisions, or remove potential obstacles later in the design process.
This multitude of advice can be boiled down to the top ten strategies2 outlined below based on experience with successful buildings, modeling, and the literature in the field. In most situations, only when this list has been fully explored and the practical options implemented, should renewable energy from on-site sources (photovoltaic, combined heat and power, etc.) be added to reach lower energy targets such as Net-Zero Energy or Net-Zero Carbon targets3.
1. Limit window-to-wall ratio (WWR) to the range of 20-40%, 50% with ultra-performance windows.
Windows should clearly be considered first: in terms of importance to energy consumption, the window-to-wall ratio (WWR)4 and window performance are likely the most significant decisions for a low-energy commercial or institutional building (Figure 2). Contrary to the belief of some, highly-glazed buildings (WWR>40%) in cold climates do notsave more daylighting energy than they lose in heat. Large swaths of south-facing windows also rarely collect more useful free heat during the day than they lose at night. These are myths of a by-gone era where lights were very inefficient, and passive solar heating rules were still based on moderate, sunny climates in the US Southwest.
Figure 2:
The window-to-wall ratio dramatically influences the ability of the overall vertical enclosure to resist heat loss.
Given that modern commercial windows typically have overall (including frame) U-values of about 0.4 (R-2.5), and that walls can easily have R-values of 15, the disproportionate effect of window area can readily be appreciated. Such a combination would meet the ASHRAE 90.1 code and yet the overall average R-value is only R-5. High-performance glazing, i.e. systems with a U-value of less than 0.2 (R-5), can allow for higher window area with no energy penalty.
Numerous studies of commercial buildings have shown that the optimal WWR for energy performance centers around 25-35% in cold climates5. However, the window area ratio is normally driven by the need for views, connection to the exterior, and quality of natural light, not energy use. As in most engineering analysis, the optimum area is a “flat” curve, meaning other design factors can allow the WWR to move to either side of the optimum with only small negative impacts on performance.
2. Increase window performance (lowest U-value affordable in cold climates, including frame effects).
Heat flow through windows and curtainwalls is measured using the U-value. Today’s best-available commercial double-glazed windows, i.e., low-e coated, gas-filled units with fiberglass frames, can readily be procured with U-values of less than 0.3 (R-values over 3.3, USI < 1.7 W/m2K). Triple-glazed fiberglass frames with U-values under 0.15 (USI<0.8 W/m2K, R-7) are available for truly high performance. Triple-glazed units, especially with low-e coatings and gas fills, are almost always justified for low-energy buildings in climate zones 7 and 8, and as far south as zone 5. Alas, aluminum-framed windows and curtainwalls rarely achieve these performance levels: U-values of less than 0.35 (R-values over 2.8, USI < 1.9W/m2K) for double-glazed and 0.25 (USI<1.4 W/m2K, R-4) for triple-glazed units are often the best performance locally available.
To avoid unplanned heat loss through frames it is important to ensure two things: first, that the thermal control of the window frame (the thermal break) is aligned with the thermal control layer of the wall (normally the insulation layer, as in Figure 3); second, that open frames are airsealed on both sides or (preferably) filled with low-expansion foam or pre-formed insulation inserts (Figure 4).
Figure 3:
Aligning the thermal control of the window frame (i.e., the thermal break) and IGU with the thermal control layer of the wall (insulation) is important to avoid thermal flanking.
Figure 4:
Open window frames can allow air to enter and bypass even the limited thermal resistance of the frame. Filling the frame with low expansion foam on site, or, preferably, performed insulation in the factory, minimize this impact.
Increase wall/roof insulation (especially to control thermal bridging) and airtighten.
Increasing insulation is perhaps an obvious step in improving energy efficiency. However, where the insulation is added in an assembly is just as important as how much: in many modern commercial enclosures, the majority of lost R-value is due to thermal bridging around insulation6. Air leakage through enclosures can similarly bypass insulation and render it effectively useless.
In commercial and industrial buildings, steel framing and concrete block masonry are common assembly types and are prone to serious thermal bridging; when insulation is added only between studs or within the voids in concrete blocks, heat easily travels (or “bridges”) around the insulation, through the steel or concrete, and via floor slab penetrations. As new codes and standards are developed and widely adopted, continuous insulation, or “ci,” will become the standard approach, as only ci insulation is all or mostly effective R-value.
Figure 5: Exterior insulation can be installed in a continuous and essentially unbroken blanket, ensuring the effective R-value is close to that specified.
Little benefit is derived from insulation installed within the framing of a steel stud wall, where thermal bridging through the floor slabs and studs will reduce R-13 to R-19 stud bay insulation to an effective R-5 or R-6. Adding 7” of R-6/inch insulation to the hollow voids of a 10” concrete masonry wall will provide an effective insulation value of only approximately R-5 to R-7 in most applications. A major advantage of continuous exterior insulation, especially in steel and concrete enclosures, is the blunting of thermal bridges at floor structures. Simply adding thickness to the exterior continuous insulation layers allows one to reach very high true R-values and reduce condensation risks. In some cases the modest additional R-value gained from studspace insulation may justify the risk and effort of installing it.
Airtightness is important not just to reduce heat loss and gain, but also to ensure good indoor air quality, avoid condensation of water vapor (due to warm humid air flowing across an enclosure and condensing on cold surfaces), and for comfort reasons (i.e. avoiding drafts and blocking sound and odors)7. Special-use buildings such as hospitals and museums may require higher indoor RH in winter months, and will therefore require very high levels of airtightness and pressure control to avoid condensation problems.
4. Separate ventilation air supply from heating and cooling.
Compared to residential buildings, commercial and institutional buildings often need to move much larger quantities of energy for heating and cooling. The fans required to move air that moves energy (heat or cool) round a building consume significant amounts of energy in large buildings. Typically, large ducts are also required, which drive the demand for large inter-floor spaces and multiple penetrations between different occupancy and fire separation zones. This practice causes all kinds of unnecessary expense, performance problems, and excess energy use. Minimizing the amount of air moved around buildings can best be achieved by separating heating and cooling from ventilation and dehumidification. This decision results in much more robust, easy-to-control, and energy efficient systems8.
A dedicated outdoor air system (DOAS) should be used to provide ventilation and avoid the too-common indoor air quality problem of re-circulating polluted air from one space or occupancy to another. DOAS save energy because they only move air for ventilation, which is a modest volume, and only move air when ventilation is needed, not when heating or cooling is needed.
To provide heating and cooling only to each zone or occupancy a number of systems can be used. Local air-based systems are not far from the energy optimum provided that the ducts are short and the pressure drops are small. For example, low-velocity fan coil units with dry coils and ECM motors that take air from the space and mix conditioned air back into the space are now available. Valence cooling and baseboard heating are other options, as are the increasingly popular efficient Variable Refrigerant Flow/Volume (VRF / VRV) systems.
5. Use occupancy and daylighting controls for lights and equipment.
Although daylighting will not save enough energy to justify high WWRs, daylight harvesting and lighting controls will almost always be justified for low-energy buildings and can significantly reduce lighting energy use. However, daylighting design by itself is not enough to save energy, because occupants regularly leave lights on even if daylight increases to sufficient levels, and certainly when they exit a room. Hence, to realize lighting energy savings, occupancy and even lighting level sensors are needed. Other equipment may need to stay on all or most times (ventilation, for example, should always be running at a low level in order to remove building-generated pollutants), but can be adjusted to proper levels using automated occupancy controls.
6. Reduce equipment/plug & lighting power densities.
This strategy is pretty straightforward: install less equipment and more efficient equipment. Codes have mandated lower installed lighting power densities (LPD), but good lighting design and efficient fixtures can reduce LPD’s further. As lighting becomes more efficient, other loads, such as routers, servers, multiple monitors, and unregulated desktop lighting become dominant energy users in some types of occupancies.
To address these loads, designers must carefully evaluate the projected and likely uses of each of the spaces and often engage with users to make decisions about office or IT equipment that have not previously been part of building design. Common examples include the selection of laptops vs. desktops and the use of more energy-efficient cloud servers vs. rackmounted units in closets. For very low-energy buildings, this level of design integration is almost always necessary.
7. Don’t over-ventilate, and use heat recovery & demand controlled ventilation.
Although ventilation should be separated from heating/cooling (see Strategy #4), ventilation air must still be heated or cooled for occupant comfort. Heat Recovery or Energy Recovery reduces the energy needed for this purpose by transferring energy (and moisture in the case of ER) between the supply and exhaust streams. Ventilator units also provide the fans needed to move the air, and most DOAS units also contain heat or energy exchangers.
An important, and usually low-cost, strategy is to control ventilation so that it is only provided when needed. It is far too common that empty classrooms, hallways, auditoriums, meeting rooms, etc. are over-ventilated when empty. Happily, the problem of over-ventilation can be addressed through Demand Controlled Ventilation (DCV), a system that uses CO2 and/or occupancy sensors to adjust the level of ventilation to the occupancy and activity level in a space. A DVC system combined with a DOAS and separate heating/cooling system as described above is strongly recommended for large multi-zone commercial and institutional buildings9. It is the most energy efficient way to reliably provide fresh air and routinely is shown to be the lowest energy use strategy for mechanicals systems in almost all types of occupancy (e.g., more efficient than VAV, CAV, etc.).
8. Improve boiler and chiller efficiency & recover waste heat
Modern boilers and chillers are often efficient. However, for low-energy buildings, it is often worth selecting the best-in-class or close to it for these primary units. For example, natural gas boilers with 92 to 96% efficiency do save non-trivial amounts of energy relative to more commonly-selected 82-88% efficient units. Mid-size water-cooled chillers can have integrated part load efficiencies (IPLV) of as low as 0.3 kW/ton (a COP of 11!), rather than the ASHRAE-minimum 0.6.
However, the system into which a boiler or chiller is integrated is at least as important as the unit itself. There are no high-efficiency condensing boilers available that can achieve high, i.e. 95%, efficiency if they are not installed in a system that returns water below about 120 °F / 50 °C. There are also boilers rated at 92% that can easily outperform units rated at 96% if the latter are fed return water at high temperature and the former are fed cooler water (such as from radiant floors or low-temperature fancoils). Even more critical to energy use is the system into which a chiller is integrated. Many a high-efficiency chiller or ground-source heat pump has not met the hopes of low energy use because of excess pump and fan energy caused by bad selection, poor control, small pipes and ducts, and other design issues. Hence, keeping a sharp eye on system energy performance under the likely operating conditions is far more important than selecting the most efficient units.
Figure 6:
Efficiency curve for a high-efficiency natural gas boiler. The return water temperature
from the heating loop has a very important impact on the potential efficiency.
Modern buildings still throw energy away. Heat recovery systems should always be evaluated to discover where energy is being discarded. A common example is the server room or telecommunications closet: these spaces often require cooling because of the high density of electrical devices, and usually have specialized cooling systems. Rather than selecting a system that rejects this heat to the outdoors even in the middle of winter, heat pump systems that use this heat for some good purpose should be considered. A commonly successful approach is to use the heat from the server room to preheat the domestic hot water in the building, a heat load that is pretty constant over the year. Heat recovery chillers dedicated to the center core of commercial buildings (i.e., zones that require cooling all year) should be used to direct the collected heat into a hot/warm water loop, where it can be used to heat the perimeter during cool hours, or be rejected to the outside during hot hours.
9. Use variable speed controls for all large pumps and fans. Implement low-temperature hydronic heating and cooling where appropriate.
Variable speed controls (or Variable Frequency Drives, VFD) are now widely available, and should be used for any reasonably sized pump or fan (e.g., over 2 to 5 HP) that is expected to experience widely varying demand. For smaller pumps and fans, multiple speed ECM motors provide the same benefits at lower cost and complexity, and are finding their way into even 1/6 HP fan-coil motors. However, do NOT waste money and resources on variable speed controls for pumps and fans that are unlikely to see much variation in load: a too-common, wasteful practise is to use VFDs to commission a fan or pump, rather than use different sheave sizes for the proper rate of flow.
Moving heat and cold around a large building consumes a significant amount of energy. Using air to move this energy carries a significant energy potential. Using hydronic systems for cooling and heating, or refrigerant (VRF or VRV systems) results in more and more energy savings (less pumping and fans); as the size of the building and the quantity of energy increases, the superiority of non-air systems increases.
Finally, ultra-low-energy buildings will often use hydronic systems operated at a low temperature difference, e.g., using water temperatures of just 80 °F/27°C for heating and 67 °F/19°C for cooling. A low-differential temperature, or low energy10, strategy allows for the use of the most efficient condensing boilers, harvesting low-temperature waste heat and active solar heating, and direct and indirect evaporative cooling (aka “water-side economizers”), “free” ground cooling, etc.
10. Use a simple and compact building form, oriented to the sun, with a depth that allows daylight harvesting.
Building form and orientation do not have as large an impact on energy consumption as sometimes thought, especially for mid-size or large buildings11. In all buildings, the ratio of enclosure area to floor area is important, and hence simple shapes are preferred (as well as being less expensive to build and maintain).
The impact of building form on total energy consumption is less for larger buildings than small ones. In many cases, a long, narrow “bar” shape is appropriate – the increased energy losses due to a less-than-ideal non-square form can be off-set by increasing the performance of the enclosure, and by using daylighting and natural ventilation strategies, which this shape allows.
A useful metric for commercial buildings is the ratio of the usable floor area, F, to above-grade enclosure area, E. Simpler, more compact forms have higher F/E ratios and hence are preferable (see Figure 7). It should also be noted that higher F/E ratios mean more usable/rentable space for the same building enclosure cost. More expensive building enclosures on a per area basis can actually be less expensive on a per rentable/saleable square footage basis if a compact form is used.
Figure 7:
If at all possible, the building should be oriented towards the south (allowing useful winter solar gain while easily rejecting summer gain and minimizing exposure to hot west summer sun). For daylighting, the maximum depth will be 2 to 2.5 times the head height of the windows – so, for most office buildings, offices on either side of a double-loaded corridor/core can be daylit if the building is about 36 – 50 feet deep12, plus the corridor/core width. Tight sites and dense coverage will often result in E and H plan-shaped buildings with most of the benefits of a simpler bar.
Figure 8:
Tight sites with high density do not have to sacrifice daylighting and view.
High Performance Enclosures: Design Guide for Institutional, Commercial and Industrial Buildings in Cold Climates explores these ideas further, primarily as they relate to the enclosure.
ASHRAE. Handbook of Fundamentals. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta, 2009.
Bodart, M., De Herde, A., “Study of Parameters and Criteria Influencing the Choice of Glazing in Office Buildings in Belgium”, Proc of DOE/ASHRAE Buildings III, Clearwater, FL, December 2001.
Carmody, J., S. Selkowitz, E.S. Lee, D. Arasteh, T. Wilmert. Window Systems for High Performance Commercial Buildings. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, Inc., 2004.Cole and Kernan, “Life-cycle energy use in office buildings,” Building & Environment, Vol. 31, No. 4, pp. 307-317, 1996
Johnson, R., Sullivan, R., Selkowitz, S., Nozaki, S., Conner, C., Arasteh, D. “Glazing energy performance and design optimization with daylighting.” Energy & Buildings, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 305-317, 1984.
Lee, I. High Performance Window Systems and Their Effect on Commercial Building Energy Use. M.A.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, 2010. (2010)
Love, J., Tian, W., Tian, Z. “Window-to-Wall Ratios and Commercial Building Environmental Control in Cold Climates”, Proc. 3rd SBRN and SESCI 33rd Joint Conference, Fredericton, pp. 8, 2008.
Lstiburek, J. (2008).“Building Science Insight 001: The Perfect Wall”. Building Science Corporation, 2008.
Poirazis, H., Blomsterberg, A., Wall, M. “Energy simulations for glazed office buildings in Sweden”, Energy & Buildings, Vol. 40, pp. 1161-1170, 2008.
Reppe, P, and Blanchard, S. Life Cycle Analysis of a Residential Home, Report 1998-5, Center for Sustainable Systems, University of Michigan, 1998.Ross, B. Design with Energy in Mind. M. Arch. Thesis, School of Architecture, University of Waterloo, 2009.)
Straube, J. “Building Science Digest 014: Air Flow Control in Buildings.” Building Science Corporation, 2008. Available at buildingscience.com.
Straube, J. “Buildings Science Insight 022: The Perfect HVAC.” Building Science Corporation, 2009. Available at buildingscience.com.
Straube, J. “Building Science Insight 061: The Function of Form—Building Shape and Energy.” Building Science Corporation, 2012. Available at buildingscience.com.
1. E.g. Cole and Kernan (1996), Reppe and Blanchard (1998); see also Straube,“Building Science Insight 012: Why Energy Matters” and Ueno and Straube, “Building Science Digest 151: Understanding Primary/Source and Site Energy”, both available at buildingscience.com.
2. Residential and industrial buildings will usually have slightly different priorities because of their different occupancy. The R-value/airtightness of the entire enclosure will be more important for Multiple Unit Residential Buildings (MURBs) because of their lower internal heat gains and the production of domestic hot water becomes significant, but the importance of WWR, appliance energy use, and ventilation remain.
3. Of course, access to low-cost renewable energy (e.g. waste biomass or local geothermal steam for heating) may change this recommendation.
4. The WWR equals the area of glazed components (normally including translucent panels and sometimes opaque spandrels framed with metal) divided by the total area of the vertical enclosure.
5. E.g. ASHRAE (2009), Bodart & De Herde (2001), Carmody et al (2004), Johnson et al (1984), Lee (2010). Love et al (2008), Poirazis et al (2008), Ross (2009).
6. Lstiburek, J. (2008).
7. Straube, J. (2008)
8. Straube, J. (2009).
9. Straube, J. (2009).
10. This has been studied as part of the International Energy Agency Annex 49. See www.annex49.info.
11. Straube, J. (2012).
12. Based on 2 x the maximum daylighting depth (2-2.5) x the maximum window height (9-10ft). | <urn:uuid:0bf1d1f0-4136-473a-ad58-208737554f4a> | http://buildingsciencepress.com/documents/digests/bsd-200-low-energy-commercial-institutional-buildings-top-ten-smart-things-to-do-cold-climates | en | 0.909788 | 0.020206 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
The Mad Pooper Of Colorado Springs Has Finally Spoken (Sort Of)
September 27, 2017 / Posted by:
For weeks and weeks, the people of a neighborhood in Colorado Springs, CO have been wondering why a lady, who has been dubbed The Mad Pooper, has been terrorizing their lawns and parking lots with caca bombs she drops during her runs. What could it be? Does the chick have an evil roommate who gets revenge on her for not cleaning the toilet by spiking her breakfast protein shakes with Ex-Lax? Does a Bieber song regularly poop up on The Mad Pooper’s jogging playlist and the sound of his voice causes her to stop and take a shit wherever she’s at (that’s a natural reaction)? The people just wanted answers. Well, it looks like The Mad Pooper has finally let out something other than a lawn turd. She let out an explanation of sorts through a dude who claims to be a “family rep.”
KRDO says that the unnamed spokesman posted two videos on YouTube (which he later deleted) and didn’t use The Mad Pooper’s real name. He just called her “Shirley,” which may or may not be short for ShirleyYourAssCanHoldItBeforeYouFindAToilet. The Mad Pooper’s rep claims that she suffers from a traumatic brain injury. He says that The Mad Pooper also had gender reassignment surgery, and ever since then, she can’t hold her caca. The Mad Pooper is sorry, but her rep says it’s not her fault and her public pooping is protected under the First Amendment. He also compared her taking a dump on someone else’s lawn to mothers breastfeeding their kids in public.
The Mad Pooper’s mouthpiece apparently refused to answer KRDO’s questions and also refused to show proof that he knows her.
As for that First Amendment and breastfeeding shit, KRDO spoke to a criminal defense attorney named Jeremy Loew who says that the First Amendment protects our right to spew shit from our mouths, but it doesn’t protect us from spewing actual shit on private property. Jeremy Loewe says that The Mad Pooper’s explanation is as crappy as the ass dumplings she leaves on lawns.
Loew even said that she could be facing indecent exposure charges, which might land her on the sex offender registry.
The Mad Pooper has been shitting on lawns for several weeks, and there’s apparently several public bathrooms around where she runs, so many aren’t buying her explanation.
But The Mad Pooper really shit the lawn this time. I mean, comparing pooping on a lawn to breastfeeding? The La Leche League alarm probably rang louder than ever and now she’s at the top of their enemies list. The La Leche League never plays. Saying that repeatedly shitting on private property is like public breastfeeding is the equivalent of saying that Beyonce can’t sing while in the middle of a Beyhive swarm. You don’t say it unless you really want to know what it feels like to have your skin removed by human fingers.
The Mad Pooper better invest in a few sturdy running diapers. Because the next time she’s out running, she won’t have time to poop since she’ll be too busy running for her life from the La Leche League.
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Inside Beverly Hills Car Club
Photography by ©2015 Toni Avery
BHCC Porsches
Tucked away in an industrial section of Los Angeles, CA is a shop dedicated to finding the rarest, most exotic and well-known classic cars on the planet.
Beverly Hills Car Club (BHCC) scours the greater United States for classic American and European cars in any condition and any vintage. Each car is brought back to the BHCC warehouse to be inspected and photographed then placed on the website for sale. Each car that comes through has its original plates removed and placed on the wall of the shop telling hundreds of unique and memorable stories.
BHCC plates
Founder, Alex Manos started Beverly Hills Car Club out of the pure love of the automobile. With cars ranging from completely rusted E-Type Jaguars to $300,000+ Ferrari’s, there’s something for every kind of collector.
I sat down with Alex and dove deeper into the background and day-to-day of Beverly Hills Car Club:
Alex Manos headhsot
Photo provided by Alex Manos
T: Tell me what Beverly Hills Car Club is all about
A: We buy and sell European and American classic cars with the majority of those cars being European, about 80 percent. We buy the cars nationwide, in any condition and we sell anything from a $950 924 all the way to $500,000 Ferrari’s. The really cool thing about us is that we have such a high spectrum from low-end to high-end. You can buy a car that is perfect or one that needs a lot of work, so there’s options here.
T: How do you find these cars?
A: We have relationships where people have known us for a long time and they’ll call us up saying “hey we have this car…” we check the internet, Ebay all those places.
BHCC Porsches 2
T: What’s a typical day at Beverly Hills Car Club?
A: The cool thing about this business is that every day is different. One day 10 cars could be dropped off, or no cars. Just the other day about 40 people from the Triumph club came by and were looking around the warehouse. Everyday, working here is different and that’s what makes it fun.
T: What’s the farthest you’ve traveled to get a car?
A: Guam. We sell cars all over the world but we only by them within the USA.
BHCC DeLorean
T: You have a fix it shop here at the warehouse, what kind of work do you do on new arrivals?
A: We do minor things. If the car needs to be put together a little more than it is, just for presentation purposes, we’ll do that. We have five mechanics that work on the cars and get them running and make them mechanically sound if necessary.
T: If someone comes to you and wants to purchase a car but doesn’t have a restoration specialist they know, do you help them find one?
A: We do have some shops we know in L.A., but it depends on where the client is, we always try to help and refer them to people we know.
T: What’s the process once a car arrives and comes off the truck?
A: We assess the car and our guys clean it up or put it together if necessary. Then we bring it in, put it on the lift and look under the car. From there we start building a story on the car based off what the previous owner has told us and what we can see by examining the car. Then we take photos of the car, between 75-100 photos and then it goes up on our website. If someone needs a video of the car running, we’ll do that too.
T: Where did the businesses name come from?
A: I went to Beverly Hills High School and the name came from there. I lived there for a number of years a few of the guys that work here with me I’ve known for about 20 years.
1960 Fiat Abarth Zagato Double Bubble front badge
One car jumped out at me above the rest and that was a 1960 Fiat Abarth Zagato Double Bubble. Everything about this car just screamed Italian classic. It had so much character for its tiny size and just oozed Zagato style. If I was shopping that day, this little Abarth would have come home with me.
Walking around the warehouse there was so much to see and so many cars in varying conditions. There is truly something for every collector or just classic car admirer at Beverly Hills Car Club. But be warned…you may end up leaving with a new addition to your garage.
BHCC sign
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Thursday, June 13, 2013
In Darkness by Nick Lake
In Darkness by Nick Lake was the recipient of the 2013 Prinz Award, which recognizes exceptional YA literature. Lake weaves together two stories, one set during the 2010 Haiti earthquake, and the other following the earlier history of Haiti in the late 1700s and told though Toissaint L’Ouverture.
When the earthquake hits Haiti, Shorty finds himself trapped in the very hospital he went to for treatment of a gunshot to the arm. He doesn’t know for certain what event triggered the collapse of the hospital, he only knows that he has been left in complete darkness with no way to get out. At first, there is no real linking of Shorty’s and L’Ouverture’s stories. In the first few hundred pages or so, their stories rotate with one another, and the reader is taken back and forth between “Then” and “Now.” This travel between the 18th and 21st centuries is not at all as jarring as it could be. Instead, the Haiti setting holds both experiences together, even though so much time exists between them.
L’Ouverture’s story begins when he is fifty-four years old, as he becomes the leader of the Haitian Revolution, leading the population of slaves towards the goal of becoming a self-governing free people. In Darkness could easily replace a book such as Uncle Tom’s Cabin in high school classrooms, because although the setting is changed from the US to Haiti, the horrors of slavery are just as present here, alongside the recent context of the 2010 earthquake in Haiti. Shorty’s story begins in the darkness of the collapsed hospital, however, he backtracks while trapped to tell the reader where he came from. He speaks primarily about the horrors of his own life in the Site Soley where two gangs – Route 9 and Boston – shape much of his everyday life.
Their lives intertwine while Shorty is trapped in the hospital, as they both reflect on death and dying in their present (for Shorty) and past (L’Ouverture). The age difference between the two men is impressively woven together and made into a single understanding that a life-changing experience can happen at almost anytime. L’Ouverture is fifty-four when we meet him in his historical Haiti, while Shorty is just a teenager. Still, a sense of impending death surrounds them both, something that L’Ouverture thinks about often:
“The beauty of this is that when you die there will always be someone waiting, there will always be those you haven’t lost, standing there, the curve of their back and the stance of their feet so familiar. There will always be someone there, saying: ‘We have waited so long. It is so good to see you. Come here.’”
Their lives weave together in an interesting way, and it is worth reading through to the end to watch the two individuals’ lives, separated by much time, if not distance, overlap.
In Darkness is exceptionally written, and uses a mix of English, French, Kreyol, historical context, and pop culture to bring Haiti to life for readers. There is more to this book than the two stories it tells. Instead, In Darkness focuses on bringing a country to life for readers who may be unfamiliar with it. Historical and contemporary contexts bring these separate events together in a way that no other work can.
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General, Suppliers, Product, Process, Application, Company, Consultancy, Patent , Uses , Study , Market , Data Sheets.
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• These signals can be transmitted over telephone lines and demodulated by another modem at the receiver side to recover the digital data modems are generally classified by the amount of data they can send in a given unit of time, usually expressed in bits per second (bit/s, or bps).
• Modems can alternatively be classified by their symbol rate, measured in baud.
• Modulation is the process of changing the form of the signal carrying the information.
• The demodulation process does the task of extracting information from the signals that are modulated. Analog signals can be transmitted by using devices such as a radio or a diode.
• Modems are classified on the basis of two criteria, data sent per unit time, change in the state of the signal per unit time computer sends information in the form of digital signals.
• But the information over the telephone lines needs to be transmitted in the form of analog signals to solve this problem, the functionality of a modem comes into play converts the digital signals into analog signals.
• These analog signals are carried over the telephone line these signals reach another computer, the analog signals are converted back to the digital form by its modem.
• In addition to converting digital signals into analog signals, the modems carry out many other tasks. modems minimize the errors that occur while the transmission of signals.
• They also have the functionality of compressing the data sent via signals modems also do the task of regulating the information sent over a network.
• Error Correction: In this process the modem checks if the information they receive is undamaged.
• The modems involved in error correction divide the information into packets called frames.
• Before sending this information, the modems tag each of the frames with checksums. checksum is a method of checking redundancy in the data present on the computer.
• The modems that receive the information, verify if the information matches with checksums, sent by the error-correcting modem.
• If it fails to match with the checksum, the information is sent back.
• Compressing the Data: For compressing the data, it is sent together in many bits the bits are grouped together by the modem, in order to compress them.
• Flow Control: Different modems vary in their speed of sending signals thus, it creates problems in receiving the signals if either one of the modems is slow.
• In the flow control mechanism, the slower modem signals the faster one to pause, by sending a 'character'. when it is ready to catch up with the faster modem, a different character is sent, which in turn resumes the flow of signals.
Entrepreneur who want the information such as " General, Suppliers, Product, Process, Application, Company, Consultancy, Patent , Uses , Study ,Data sheet , Market ." about Modem can email us to informer@eth.net, primaryinfo@gmail.com
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My Advice to Freshmen: Look at the Big Picture
katherine Uncategorized Leave a Comment
Hey everyone! My advice for freshman is to look at the big picture in all of your endeavors. This will help you in several ways…
This is REALLY important in your academics. In high school, you had several classes that didn’t necessarily all relate to each other. You could treat them all as separate disciplines, and tailor your knowledge for each class depending on what your teacher wanted. In college, it’s completely different. Every class you take here is preparation for other classes you will have to take (ever heard of prerequisites?). Your whole degree is preparing you for the real world- a job, grad school, etc. You will learn within your first couple of semesters that it’s not enough to learn a chapter, take the exam, and forget about it. Chances are, you’ll be revisiting the same concepts in a class your next semester. As a freshman, you should look at the big picture. What do you expect to learn in your major classes by the time you graduate? Your introductory engineering classes here will help you answer that question. Then, throughout your academic career here, put everything you learn into context. Why are you learning about that one concept? For example, for me: How is Inventory Management important for Industrial & Systems Engineering? Putting everything in its place relative to everything you expect to learn by the time you graduate, you will understand concepts in other classes better and remember older concepts a lot easier.
This can also help you with networking. You will interact with tons of people while at USC. Professors, advisors, students, industry professionals, and more. These people are not only going to be here for you for 4 years. The Trojan Family lasts a lifetime. Understand others. You might not come from a place as diverse as USC. Be open to new ideas, and accept that not everyone thinks like you do. With this in mind, meet as many people as you can. People of other majors, people older than you, people from different countries, etc. Your professors aren’t just teachers, they are people, too- nice people. By talking to and getting to know people who are different than you, you will learn a lot about the real world that you won’t learn from your class material.
Finally, looking at the big picture can really help you with your career. Always put your current situation into context- what do you want to do when you graduate? Do you want to get a job? Pursue a Master’s degree? Go to medical or law school? It is never too early to start thinking about these things and preparing yourself now. Go to company info sessions, visit the admissions website of the med school you want to go to. Find out now what these places are looking for and network with them.
Want to learn more? Here's the best place to ask:
| <urn:uuid:5cc89304-9047-4675-86ac-7736cad1d761> | http://viterbivoices.usc.edu/katherine/my-advice-to-freshmen-look-at-the-big-picture/ | en | 0.962058 | 0.027902 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
Island Throwdown Movement Requirements
IslandThrowdownII The following are possible movements that may come up in any given WOD at the Island Throwdown,
RX Categories Deadlift 225/155 Clean and Jerk 135/95 Snatch 135/95 KB Swing 70/53 C2B Pull Ups Toes To Bar Thruster 115/75 Wall Ball Shot 20 to 10'/14 to 9' Box Jumps 24"/20" Double Unders
Scaled/Teen Categories Deadlift 185/115 Clean and Jerk 95/65 Snatch 95/65 KB Swing 53/35 Pull Ups or Ring Rows(option) Toes to Bar or Sit Ups(option) Thruster 85/55 Wall Ball Shot 14 to 10'/10 to 9' Box Jumps 20"/20"(step ups allowed) Double or Single Unders(option)
Those are the specific movements for each category. Movements that may be included in any category include Burpees, Push Ups, Sit Ups, Walking Lunges, Air Squats, Running and Rowing.
Scaled movements that are indicated "option" means you can pick. For example if the WOD lists 10 Pull Ups you can either do 10 pull ups or 20 ring rows. Numbers may very but that is an example.
We will release all 3 WODS by the end of October. If you haven't already signed up please do so ASAP as spaces are very limited and are already over half full! | <urn:uuid:b6a9d5d7-38c2-4be4-b6d3-b172c6849adb> | http://www.crossfit782.com/main/2014/09/30/island-throwdown-movement-requirements-2 | en | 0.844367 | 0.025569 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
Image: Cat Clyde after being reunited in Hobart
Paul Carter / EPA
Ashleigh Sullivan (left) and her mother Katrina Phillips pose with their cat Clyde after being reunited.
updated 9/16/2009 10:20:32 AM ET 2009-09-16T14:20:32
Ashleigh Sullivan, 19, said she had given up hope of ever finding Clyde after he vanished when he was about one year old from her family home near Hobart city in Australia's island state of Tasmania.
A nurse found Clyde wandering at a hospital in the remote Queensland state town of Cloncurry and cared for him for four months before taking him to a local vet as she was leaving town and could not take the cat with her.
But no one has a clue how Clyde managed the 185-mile sea journey across the Bass Strait from Tasmania off mainland Australia's southeast coast, and then about more than 2,000 miles overland to Cloncurry, deep in the arid interior of the Outback.
"It's pretty special to have him back." Sullivan said. "I'm overwhelmed."
Video: Tasmanian cat turns up 2,400 miles away
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4. votes comments | <urn:uuid:183ec588-7f9e-4946-83fe-14383ab1141d> | http://www.nbcnews.com/id/32874019/ns/health-pet_health/t/australian-cat-strays-miles-returns-home/ | en | 0.965767 | 0.020322 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
June 27, 2016
Explaining the Great Flood, Atlantis, and humans in North America Using Science, June 2016, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of video: June 17, 2016
I really like his ideas in this video. It does make a great hypothesis about what could have caused such floods and changes with the Earth long ago. The Earth is continually moving and so are other things in space, like clouds. Particularly interesting is his thoughts about Plato.
Scott C. Waring
Video states:
I’ll set the ground work for each scenario. I am pretty sure the Great Flood did happen. While it is popularized as a Christian story in English speaking countries, the Great Flood transcends almost every single culture around the world. So I don’t doubt it happened. But the main issue is where did the water come from? Most of theories I have seen require bending the rules of the observable reality that we live in. Next is the Firmament. The firmament is something in the book of Genesis that talks about a body of water surrounding the Earth. There is also some interpretation that while the firmament was in place it did not rain much if at all on Earth. After the flood the firmament is gone and today we get lots of rain. Atlantis is a fabled city written about by Plato in the 300BC time frame. It’s really a tale about an advanced civilization that existed at one time, but vanished at some point. The idea I like about this, is is it possible that humans were more advanced that we thought and something reset us…akin to the saying “send us back to the stone age”. I do not think this is baseless idea, because even today in our current world we have humans that have gone to Moon and sent probes into space, yet there are humans on this planet that still are in the foraging phase. And finally my last topic is that of humans getting to the Americas. It is believed that humans started in the middle east somewhere around Mesopotamia which is in modern day Iraq. The narrative I was taught as a child was the humans crossed from Russia to North America over a land bridge made of ice during an Ice Age. But there is some disagreement about the earliest humans in the America’s versus when Ice Ages happened. I think this land bridge route is still valid, but I do not require an ice age to cross it. So lets start with the idea that the world we observe today is the same as the way the world was in pre-historic times. The physics and all the other rules are still the same. The water cycle still holds true. So we can assume that amount of the water on the planet today is the amount of water that was on the planet after the Great Flood. And we can assume that if we do not see a sphere of water surrounding the Earth now, there probably wasn’t one in the past. So that would mean the only way that all this water could be here now, is if it wasn’t here to begin with. With less water that would mean that there could have easily been a real land bridge between Alaska and Russia. They did not have to cross during an ice age. The bridge would have accessible at all times. The Bering Strait is only about 160 feet deep. If we lowered the Earths oceans by 160 feet, that means that much more land would be available throughout the world. For as long as history has been written, water passages have always been the most important places for humans to live. Even today we see that on the coasts there are metropolitan areas, while deep in the inland the people are much less advanced in terms of quality of life. That has changed in the last 100 years due to motor travel. But up until that point living on the coast or a river was the only way to have successful trade or strategic military advantage. So here is the idea. Back in 2011 I saw this article about how scientists had discovered a massive cloud of water deep in space. What if as one point one of these clouds passed through our solar system? It would probably take while to get here maybe a couple hundred years. But during that time a couple hundred years 6-7 generations word of mouth was the only real way to pass history. So for them 2 or 3 generations is all it would take to be “forever”. During that time the Suns reflection and heat in the atmosphere would make it appear to be sparkling water in the sky, which could explain the firmament. Once the cloud got near Earth and we started passing through it, the frozen water would melt in the atmosphere and completely saturate the air, it would then start raining. And it would not be localized like what we see now, it would be entire Earth being rained on for an extended period of time. All that water would rush out to the ocean and anything near rivers or oceans, like a human population for example, would be washed out to sea and buried by all the sediments picked up from higher elevation. Think of the world as one big mud slide. The people living in the higher elevations would not be as threatened by the flooding. And so the more advanced civilization would be destroyed and only the more simple societies in the highlands would be left, hence a reset. Once this space cloud passed, things would settle down and Earth would have a lot more water content. | <urn:uuid:caf3702f-2959-45a8-82ab-088b9895b7fc> | http://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/2016/06/explaining-great-flood-atlantis-and.html | en | 0.976832 | 0.765475 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
The haunting
Time heals everything, that’s the most blatant lie ever. What time is and always has been, is a catalyst that just reorders your priorities and by so indulges in a false appeal making you believe you’re over whatever it is that you once were so obsessed. All it is in reality a clock ticking down to set the bomb off. And what does it take to set it off? The most trivial factors.
I wonder why I started off with that conversation, maybe I was a bit comfortable, maybe I was naive, maybe I was foolish… Yeap foolish I was. It just brought back memories that I didn’t know existed in me. Years have passed without me mentioning about it, remembering it, lost like the dust in the wind.
Like a sleight of hand they magically reappeared in chronological order, I should never underestimate my memory ever again. And where does that leave me? Instead of counting my blessings I was recounting the horrors that once filled me upto the brim.
The track, the cake, the mix, the headstone, the white shirt, the tears, the lies, the deceit, the message and it kept right on. I realised the more I try to fight, well ever before I could decide to fight I’m lost. I don’t mind loosing a few battles as long as I win the war and I see no way I could emerge victorious.
It’s too late for me to ponder about it, those days are over. It’s too hard for me to not be able to forget them too and then it strikes me, words have always been my solace. I am clumsy with words but they console me, words seem to understand me like none other. They know just what to follow and make me feel just the way I want to feel.
So I return back to those words and they did embrace me like they always did, I hope the haunting memories are now back where they belong with the clock winded back ticking to explode again. I just hope it takes forever maybe not…
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Connecting to %s | <urn:uuid:610a70d2-6b4d-46ef-bca8-2dd1fa3197ad> | https://an3litaire.wordpress.com/2017/05/17/the-haunting/ | en | 0.950785 | 0.030984 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
All Your Questions about #AskAvanti Social Media Initiative Are Answered HERE
Ask Avanti
postsimage_askavantiIf you were at GRAPH EXPO Monday, October 26th, chances are you saw someone wearing a black #AskAvanti shirt or button. We were happy to announce the official launch of #AskAvanti, a social media initiative created by the Avanti team in order to encourage the sharing of ideas within the print industry and all related fields.
Since answers are what we do, we thought what better way to begin than answering questions. Here are the answers to a few questions you may have about #AskAvanti:
What is #AskAvanti?
Before we delve into what exactly #AskAvanti is, let’s first look at what a social media initiative is and why we feel it’s important to have one for the print community.
We can all agree that social media is a powerful tool for community building and education. Hence comes the ‘social’ in social media. A social media initiative is the aligning of social media with a particular vision or goal. Using it to serve a particular purpose. What is the purpose of #AskAvanti? We want to provide a united space where people can ask, educate, and collaborate on the best practices for success in the print industry.
Our goal is to find answers to the industry’s biggest questions and answer them. But that’s just part of the initiative. We want to take topical information and tough questions about the industry, delve deeper into them and give participants a more well-rounded understanding of that information.
This is exactly why we started the #AskAvanti ebook series. We hope to create solutions to common business challenges, to identify internal processes that are keeping printers from reaching their financial goals, and help them recognize broader business opportunities (you can download the first copy here).
How can you get more involved in the #AskAvanti initiative?
After over 30 years in the print industry, we have built a community of well over 500 customers. Imagine the knowledge that can be gained from such a force? Imagine 500 plus businesses sharing their secrets to personal business growth. With this in mind, it’s easy to see why we felt the need to expand the initiative even further out into the print community, past our own customer base.
Why get more involved? The more you get involved the more you will benefit from the system. Think about it, hundreds of print shops helping each other stay successful. A better question yet would be how can you not get involved?
So here’s what you do: share your information. Do you have a new infographic that can benefit the industry? Share it and hashtag #AskAvanti. Do you have a question that you want answers to? Share it and hashtag #AskAvanti!
Where should you send industry questions or suggestions of topics you would like to see addressed?
There are several ways to get your topics and questions out into the #AskAvanti stream. You can visit or email with your suggestions and questions. You can tweet using the #AskAvanti hashtag, join our community on LinkedIn or post to our Facebook page. Whatever platform you prefer, we’ll do our best to provide the answers across all channels.
We hope you will join us in developing the initiative. The content will be driven by the questions. So don’t be shy. We want everyone to share their experiences, insights, and studies with the print community. We want you to #AskAvanti!!
Watch the press conference, live from the Printerverse at Graph Expo 16.
Read the press release
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| <urn:uuid:0e44d3c8-86b2-49b3-950e-0ea7602489e1> | https://avantisystems.com/questions-askavanti-social-media-initiative-answered/ | en | 0.939832 | 0.023884 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
Predefined Channel Variables
Hi all,
Can anyone tell me what is will be predefined variables for the following target.
1- CalledNumber
2- Call Stop DatTime
I will be appricaite if any one can help me.
#2 has a list.
dialed number would be ${EXTEN} or ${DNID}. Dunno about call end time. Maybe work it out by adding start time + duration? | <urn:uuid:8be7270b-e591-44bd-84cb-8e37e49106ed> | https://community.asterisk.org/t/predefined-channel-variables/3038 | en | 0.882668 | 0.03566 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
How do I move content to another section?
Here's how:
1. Go to section editor and hide content from the stream on the right.
2. Go to a section you'd like to move the content.
3. Click 'Hidden articles'.
4. Select section from drop down (the section from step 1 above).
5. Move content to the stream on the right.
The previous URL of the content is automatically directed to a new one. | <urn:uuid:2fe004d9-6b4e-4a73-ac07-be2c04562ad1> | https://help.flockler.com/getting-started/how-do-i-move-content-to-another-section | en | 0.898649 | 0.37822 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
Browse Subject Areas
Click through the PLOS taxonomy to find articles in your field.
For more information about PLOS Subject Areas, click here.
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The DIANA-mirExTra Web Server: From Gene Expression Data to MicroRNA Function
• Panagiotis Alexiou,
Affiliations Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”, Institute of Molecular Oncology, Varkiza, Greece, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
• Manolis Maragkakis,
Affiliations Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”, Institute of Molecular Oncology, Varkiza, Greece, Institute of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
• Giorgio L. Papadopoulos,
• Victor A. Simmosis,
• Lin Zhang,
Affiliation Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
• Artemis G. Hatzigeorgiou
Affiliations Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”, Institute of Molecular Oncology, Varkiza, Greece, Computer and Information Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
• Panagiotis Alexiou,
• Manolis Maragkakis,
• Giorgio L. Papadopoulos,
• Victor A. Simmosis,
• Lin Zhang,
• Artemis G. Hatzigeorgiou
High-throughput gene expression experiments are widely used to identify the role of genes involved in biological conditions of interest. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are regulatory molecules that have been functionally associated with several developmental programs and their deregulation with diverse diseases including cancer.
Methodology/Principal Findings
Although miRNA expression levels may not be routinely measured in high-throughput experiments, a possible involvement of miRNAs in the deregulation of gene expression can be computationally predicted and quantified through analysis of overrepresented motifs in the deregulated genes 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) sequences. Here, we introduce a user-friendly web-server, DIANA-mirExTra ( that allows the comparison of frequencies of miRNA associated motifs between sets of genes that can lead to the identification of miRNAs responsible for the deregulation of large numbers of genes. To this end, we have investigated different approaches and measures, and have practically implemented them on experimental data.
On several datasets of miRNA overexpression and repression experiments, our proposed approaches have successfully identified the deregulated miRNA. Beyond the prediction of miRNAs responsible for the deregulation of transcripts, the web-server provides extensive links to DIANA-mirPath, a functional analysis tool incorporating miRNA targets in biological pathways. Additionally, in case information about miRNA expression changes is provided, the results can be filtered to display the analysis for miRNAs of interest only.
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are short, approximately 22 nucleotides long, endogenously expressed RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by binding, in a sequence specific manner, to the 3′ UnTranslated Region (3′UTR) of messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules [1]. MiRNAs are not only present but can also be abundant in eukaryotic cells, controlling a wide variety of target genes [2]. In the past few years, miRNAs have been associated to the regulation of a wide range of biological processes [3].
High-throughput methods for gene expression profiling are being massively used in recent years. Such methods strive to describe specific transcriptomic states of a cell and can identify changes in expression levels between cell states of interest. Since miRNAs often regulate large numbers of mRNAs [4], there are cases where deregulated miRNAs are responsible for a large part of gene expression changes. MicroRNA expression levels may or may not be experimentally measured in such experiments. However even if miRNAs that are down- or upregulated are known, there is always the possibility that only a subgroup of those miRNAs would be responsible for the changes in the transcriptome.
Such miRNAs may be identified via computational analysis, based on the fact that miRNAs target mRNA transcripts in a sequence dependent manner (Figure 1). Although it is known that miRNAs usually bind to specific sites in the 3′UTR region of targeted mRNA transcripts, the accurate identification of all miRNA target genes has not been possible yet. MiRNA binding sequences often tend to be overrepresented in sets of miRNA regulated genes compared to a random selection of genes [4], [5]. Different methods have been previously used to identify over- or under- expressed miRNAs through changes in the levels of their target genes. Essentially, the procedure followed by all such approaches is to identify differentially expressed genes, identify motifs that are overrepresented in these genes and then connect these motifs back to miRNAs. In an analysis performed by Lim et al [4] a motif discovery tool, MEME (Multiple Em for Motif Elicitation)[6], was used in order to identify motifs of six or more nucleotides in length that were significantly overrepresented in 3′UTR sequences of genes downregulated after hsa-miR-1 overexpression, compared to random 3′UTR sequences. The hexamer corresponding to position 2–7 of hsa-miR-1 was identified as the most significantly overrepresented motif.
Figure 1. A miRNA molecule binds to a miRNA target gene (miTG).
Hexamers 1,2 and 3 correspond to six nucleotide long sequences on the 3′UTR complementary to the first nucleotides of the miRNA . Hexamer 2 is the sequence complementary to the ‘seed’ of the miRNA, which has been suggested as the most important region for miRNA:miTG binding.
In a similar experiment, Krutzfeld and colleagues [5] investigated the role of miRNA mmu-miR-122a in gene expression by neutralizing the miRNA through antagomirs and measuring the gene expression in wild type and knockdown cells. In a more sophisticated approach, they used the Wilcoxon Rank Sum test to compare hexamer frequencies between deregulated and unchanged genes between the two conditions. This analysis revealed that the frequency of the motif corresponding to the seed of mmu-miR-122 was significantly overrepresented in the 3′UTRs of upregulated genes and underrepresented in the 3′UTRs of downregulated genes.
Following this discovery, two freely available programs have been developed that perform similar computational analyses. MiReduce [7], [8], uses the correlation of the genome wide mRNA log fold changes of genes against the motif content of their 3′UTRs. Each motif contained in the 3′UTR contributes linearly to the fold change prediction. The method iteratively calculates which motifs contribute most to the level of change of genes. Sylamer [9] is another software package that identifies overrepresented occurrences of sequences in a ranked list of genes using the hypergeometric p-value distribution. This approach calculates frequencies for hexamers 1, 2 and 3 as well as 7mers (positions 1–7, 2–8) and 8mers (positions 1–8, 2–9) and involves corrections for nucleotide biases. The p-values of each motif are compared to all other motifs. From the user point both programs have to be downloaded and compiled and include a limited data format as input. MiReduce outputs text files whereas Sylamer includes a java based graphical interface.
Given the broad impact of miRNAs in different development stages and diseases we have felt the emerging need for a tool that provides such investigations in a fast and user-friendly way. We believe that it is imperative that such a resource be platform independent and easy to use. A web-based implementation seems as the obvious choice. In this light, we have developed DIANA-mirExTra, an interactive and fully web based application that can be easily used by non-experts. Besides a motif analysis, the web server offers the option to use evolutionary information in order to refine results. Additionally, it allows the use of different nomenclatures for gene names as input and provides direct links to miRNA target prediction and functional analysis applications.
The basic analysis flow of DIANA-mirExTra ( is outlined in Figure 2. In the following section we will discuss each step of the algorithm in detail
Figure 2. Overview of the algorithm.
For each possible hexamer, the occurrences on the 3′UTRs of changed and unchanged genes are counted. The counts are compared using the Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test and a p-value produced. The distribution of p-values is plotted in a histogram. Hexamers are mapped back to known miRNA sequences (see Figure 1). When DIANA-microT target prediction scores are used, the Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test is performed between scores of changed and unchanged genes. A p-value is calculated for each miRNA and a corresponding histogram is produced. The histogram and sorted p-values are returned to the user in the Results page (see Figure 4).
Input Data
The input to the web-server is two sets of genes (changed and unchanged genes). The user is given the options to use a form in the webpage or to upload a file with the relative gene names. Gene names can be provided in any of a wide range of commonly used nomenclatures (Ensemble gene and transcript IDs, RefSeq IDs, HUGO, Affymetrix probe codes) and are automatically translated to Ensemble Gene IDs. The Ensemble database is the base for the sequences and gene names used by the program. The first list contains genes whose expression levels have been found to be significantly changed in a high-throughput experiment. The second list consists of background genes, which are usually genes that did not significantly change their expression levels. Optionally, an unchanged list may not be provided, and all genes not present in the first list will serve as the background set. Instead of a gene list the user may provide a list of genes with associated fold change values (or any other metric used in high-throughput experiments) be provided instead. In the latter case the changed and unchanged gene lists are produced by sorting all genes according to the metric provided and using a user-defined number of genes as “changed”. Optionally, the user may use a miRNA filter, using a list of miRNAs of interest to calculate results only for hexamers corresponding to these miRNAs. This option simplifies the results page, and is especially useful when a miRNA expression measurement has been performed along the gene expression experiment.
AU Normalization on Microarray Data
When the input data is provided as microarray fold change levels, a single nucleotide composition bias may arise [10]. Single nucleotide AU normalization has been shown to improve the identification of miRNA signatures from microarray data. DIANA-mirExTra optionally provides such normalization as shown in Figure 3. When a bias is present the AU normalization option will diminish the correlation between AU composition and gene expression changes (Figure 3a, 3b). Moreover, when a bias is not present, the AU correction step will not significantly affect input values (Figure 3c, 3d).
Figure 3. Results of AU correction.
For 1000 genes, out of which 100 are upregulated (red points) and 900 are stable (blue points) the log2(fold change) is plotted against the percentage of As or Us in the 3′UTRs of genes. The top panels (A,B) show data with a linear AU bias and the bottom panels (C,D) show data with no AU bias. The left panels (A,C) show original data and the right panels (B,D) show data after AU correction. An optimal linear fit (black line) passes through the data with a correlation coefficient (R2) denoted for each panel. A dotted red line denotes the 100 genes with the highest log2(fold change) values.
Wilcoxon Test
After the input gene lists have been determined, we proceed to compare the distributions of all possible hexamers on the 3′UTR sequences between them. A one-sided Wilcoxon Rank Sum test is used in order to identify hexamers that are present significantly more often in the set of changed genes compared to the background of unchanged genes, as has been previously proposed [5]. A probability value (p-value) for each motif is calculated signifying the probability that the changed and unchanged sets are produced by the same distribution and the differences between them are due to chance alone. As a more intuitive measure, the equivalent negative natural logarithm of the p-value (-lnp) is generally used. A histogram of the distribution of -lnp values of all motifs is provided in the results page so that the user may visually evaluate the significance of the results for a motif or miRNA of interest (Figure 4). Hexamers are mapped back onto the first 8 nucleotides of a miRNA (Figure 1), known to be the most important for the miRNA:mRNA binding [11], [12].
Figure 4. Results Page and links (Epithelial Ovarian Cancer).
Genes upregulated and miRNAs downregulated in late stage Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC) compared to early stage EOC were run through DIANA-mirExTra. The main results page (A) consists of two parts. At the top of the page is the histogram of the distribution of –lnp values for all possible hexamers and at the bottom, the sorted list of hexamers that can be mapped on deregulated miRNAs with corresponding p-values. The same hexamer can be shown multiple times if it can be mapped on more than one miRNAs. Hexamers are sorted according to p-value and negative natural logarithm (-lnp value). Following the link “View Results per microRNA” the user is taken to a page (B) showing miRNAs sorted according to a combinatorial score produced by the values of hexamers 1 and 2. The link “View Results per microRNA based on DIANA-microT target prediction scores” leads to a similar results page (C) that uses as a measure the scores of each gene according to miRNA target prediction program DIANA-microT. (D) Genes that contain at least one of the top ten hexamers are marked in the results page of DIANA-microT. The DIANA-microT results page for each miRNA can be found following the link on the miRNA name from the first results page. Additionally, links to DIANA-mirPath lead to a page (E) showing functional analysis results using this program. Genes containing the hexamer of interest (A), or targeted by the miRNA of interest (C) are mapped on KEGG pathways and the most significantly overrepresented pathways can be identified by their corresponding p-values.
Combination of Hexamers
The hexamer starting at position 2 of the miRNA, frequently called the ‘seed’ hexamer (Figure 1), can be used for an approximate identification of miRNA binding sites, with identification precision similar to some dedicated target prediction algorithms (Selbach et al. 2008). However, more than one miRNAs may share the same seed hexamer. We investigated whether it is possible to distinguish between similar miRNAs by using the p-values of flanking hexamers 1 and 3. Weighted -lnp values of three hexamers corresponding to each miRNA were summed using different weights to produce a total hexamer score (Figure 5). As a result, DIANA-mirExTra provides a combinatorial hexamer score in which the -lnp value of hexamer 1 is multiplied by a weight of 0.6 and added to the -lnp value of hexamer 2, and hexamer 3 is not taken This approach allows a single score per miRNA that takes into account the whole active region of the 8 first nucleotides of the miRNA.
Figure 5. Combination of weighted -lnp values of the three hexamers.
The weight for hexamer 1 is on the Y axis, for hexamer 2 is held constant at a value of 1, and for hexamer 3 is on the X axis. The mean normalized difference of the correct miRNA versus the next highest miRNA was maximized for 5 datasets of knocked out miRNAs (see Methods). The optimal weights combination for hexamers 1 and 3 were identified as 0.6 and 0 respectively. The value for hexamer 3 is still given in the Results page (see Figure 4) although it is not used for the combined score calculation.
Conserved Hexamers
Hexamers corresponding to miRNAs represent an extremely loose definition of miRNA target sites. Arguably most of the hexamers present on the 3′UTR of a gene will not be parts of active miRNA target sites. Interspecies conservation has been extensively used by miRNA target prediction programs in order to refine predictions of putative miRNA target sites. Conservation of hexamers between human and mouse sequences can be optionally used in DIANA-mirExTra for a stricter and more precise definition of miRNA target sites. This option prevents a part of randomly occurring hexamers from being counted as miRNA targets, but will be intrinsically biased towards miRNAs strongly conserved between the human and murine genomes.
Use of Target Prediction
Another option provided by DIANA-mirExTra is the use of miRNA target prediction scores instead of hexamer frequencies on a 3′UTR. A one-sided Wilcoxon Rank Sum test is performed for each miRNA, between the target prediction scores of the list of ‘changed’ genes versus the target prediction scores of the list of ‘unchanged’ genes. Target prediction scores are calculated by DIANA-microT [13], [14], an advanced miRNA target prediction program that takes into account diverse features such as evolutionary conservation in several species and weights for different types of binding sites.
Meta-Analysis: Integration with DIANA-mirPath
After results are produced, a link to the results page is returned to the user via email. Runs typically take approximately 10 minutes. The main DIANA-mirExTra Results Page (Figure 4a) shows p-values associated with each hexamer sorted in order of significance. A histogram of the -lnp values of all possible hexamers allows the user to evaluate the significance of the p-values of a given motif. Links to Results pages for combined motifs and target prediction score results allow the user to navigate to these pages (Figure 4b,4d). For the targets of each miRNA belonging to the set of ‘changed’ genes a link to functional analysis using DIANA-mirPath [15] is provided (Figure 4c). DIANA-mirPath is a tool that identifies KEGG pathways [16], [17] enriched in the genes of interest. Such functional analysis may help to elucidate the biological function of a miRNA implicated in the condition of interest.
DIANA-mirExTra was tested on several experimental datasets in which a single miRNA has been artificially deregulated, and mRNA levels measured using microarrays. In such a high throughput experiment [4], human miRNA hsa-miR-1 was overexpressed in HeLa cells and the mRNA levels of protein coding genes were measured by microarray before and after the introduction of the miRNA. Using a set of 82 genes identified as downregulated in the original paper, we have identified the three hexamers associated with hsa-miR-1 as the most significantly overrepresented hexamers and the combined score of hsa-miR-1 as the top ranking score. In the same paper a similar experiment was performed with the overexpression of hsa-miR-124 in HeLa cells. All three hexamers corresponding to hsa-miR-124 achieved the maximum -lnp value and consequently the combined score of hsa-miR-124 was also the top-ranking one. In other experiments involving the repression of miRNA functionality using ‘antagomirs’ [5] and miR-155 deficient mice, DIANA-mirExTra has correctly identified the repressed murine miRNA in both occasions (mmu-miR-122a and mmu-miR-155) using microarray data. For both experiments the miRNA in question is found as top of the combined scores list, with a large difference in combined score to the second miRNA.
Beyond expression microarray data, DIANA-mirExTra was also tested on high-throughput protein data. In a recent set of experiments [18], a large number of proteins were identified as downregulated after overexpression of each of five miRNAs (let-7b, miR-155, miR-16, miR-1, miR-30a) and pulsed stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (pSILAC) assays. DIANA-mirExTra was used to identify the implicated miRNA in each of these cases. The hexamer in position 2 has been found as the top ranking hexamer with the maximum possible -lnp value in all datasets. All results pages for datasets mentioned above can be openly accessed online at
An early version of DIANA-mirExTra has been used in order to identify multiple miRNAs involved in the progression from early to late stage Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC) [19]. Among other experiments, 76 EOC specimens (8 early and 68 late stage EOC) were analyzed using microarrays and 948 genes were identified as significantly upregulated in late stage EOC. A further 15212 genes were considered as unchanged between the two cancer stages. Using this data, the DIANA-mirExTra algorithm was effectively used to predict twelve miRNAs as significant candidates possibly contributing to late-stage EOC. Five of these twelve miRNAs were located on a specific miRNA gene cluster (Dlk1 – Gtl2 domain on chr14) suggesting that this miRNA cluster could possibly be involved with EOC progression to the late stage. Further experiments showed that the miRNA gene cluster identified by DIANA-mirExTra is commonly altered in EOC and possibly other human epithelial tumors, thus validating the involvement of these miRNAs in EOC progression. Additionally, a link was established between down-regulation of the expression of miRNAs encoded in the Dlk1 – Gtl2 cluster and higher tumor proliferation leading to shorter patient survival times. The functional analysis of predicted target genes for the top microRNAs responsible for the transition identified the “Cell Cycle”pathway as significantly related with these genes. Other cancer related pathways were strongly related to the sets of genes suggesting ways in which miRNAs may affect EOC.
The identification of miRNAs affecting the deregulation of genes is the primary objective of DIANA-mirExTra. Once miRNAs of interest are identified, the user can directly view predicted targets for these miRNAs as produced by DIANA-microT 3.0 [13], [14]. However, the way in which this deregulation may contribute to disease development or other processes of interest can be elucidated through functional analysis of the results. DIANA-mirExTra moves towards this direction through its direct integration with a functional analysis tool, DIANA-mirPath, suggesting biological pathways in which targets of a miRNA of interest are more probable to be involved.
With our implementation of the algorithms proposed here in a user-friendly web server we strive to allow users without expertise in data analysis to use our algorithms easily and effectively. In other relevant available software packages, that first need to be downloaded and installed locally, 3′UTR and miRNA sequences have to be provided by the user in a program-specific format. In DIANA-mirExTra sequences are automatically downloaded by the Ensembl database [20] and linked to several widely used nomenclatures. This allows the direct use of the program without the prior download of bulky sequence files and without the need to process such files to fit a predetermined format. Additionally, the program is run in a web browser, without the need for download and compilation of source code. Results are stored in an online server and are accessible from anywhere and at all times. All submitted jobs are run remotely on a dedicated computational cluster, and allow users with low computational power to use the program without experiencing long running times or memory problems
Using the simplest hexamers, the user opts for a loose definition of a miRNA target gene and may be able to identify processes not deeply conserved in other species. The option to use hexamers conserved between human and mouse provides a refinement of results for processes and miRNAs that are conserved between the two species. The stricter approach of using predicted microRNA targets as motifs takes into account conservation in several species as well as miRNA specific characteristics and could be biased towards more deeply conserved miRNAs.
Given the important role that miRNA regulation plays in several cell processes, a routine check of miRNA involvement should be encouraged even if there is no reason for it to be suspected. A simple and intuitive online tool such as DIANA-mirExTra is the obvious choice for such routine checks as it does not need complicated installation, processing of external datasets or high computational power on the user end.
Materials and Methods
MicroRNA and 3′UTR Sequences
MicroRNA sequences used in all predictions for DIANA-microT [13], [14] are taken from miRBase Build 10.0 [21]. 3′UTR sequences used are the longest annotated 3′UTRs from Ensembl 48 [20]. Name conversions to Ensemble gene names are done based on alternative names provided from Ensembl 48. Multiple genome alignments are downloaded from UCSC Genome Browser [22]. Human (hg18) alignment to 16 vertebrate genomes and Mouse (mm9) alignment to 29 vertebrate genomes are used.
Non-overlapping six nucleotide long motifs (hexamers) are counted on the 3′UTR sequence of protein coding genes provided by Ensembl. The count of hexamers is divided by the length of the 3′UTR sequence to calculate normalized counts (hexamers/nt).
Combination of Hexamers
The difference between the score of the ‘correct’ miRNA and the next best miRNA that did not have all three same hexamers was calculated and divided by the score of the ‘correct’ miRNA. The sum of these differences for five protein data sets [18] was maximized. The sum was calculated for all combinations of weights for hexamer 1 and 3 in 0.01 intervals for values between 0 and 1 (Figure 5). Keeping the weight for the ‘seed’ hexamer constant at 1, we have determined that for a weight of hexamer 1 set to 0.6, no value of hexamer 3 will improve the identification of the correct miRNA. Therefore DIANA-mirExTra provides a combinatorial hexamer score in which the -lnp value of hexamer 1 is multiplied by a weight of 0.6 and added to the -lnp value of hexamer 2. Hexamer 3 is not taken into account for the calculation of the combinatorial hexamer score.
There is the option to use only hexamers perfectly conserved on the 3′UTRs of human and mouse based on multiple species alignments downloaded from UCSC Genome Browser.
Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test
The statistical package R is used to perform the Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test between counts or scores of ‘changed’ and ‘unchanged’ genes. The function wilcox.exact(exactranktests) is used for the one-sided test. The maximum p-value that this method may produce is 10−19 which is equal to -lnp = 43.74
AU Bias Correction
When microarray data with fold change values are used as input, an optional AU content intensity bias removal step is allowed as described by Elkon and Agami [10]. The statistical package R is used for the correction, and specifically the scatter plot smoothing function lowess using default parameters. Artificial data plotted in Figure 3 consists of 1000 values with a linear correlation to AU composition (Figure 3a, Figure 3b) or no correlation to AU composition (Figure 3c, Figure 3d). The difference of the means between the 100 “upregulated” genes (red spots) and the 900 “unchanged” genes (blue spots) is the same between Figure 3a and Figure 3c. Normally distributed noise has been added to both sets. Several other artificially produced examples with varying differences and levels of AU bias were produced (data not shown) with similar results.
We would like to thank Martin Reczko for reading the manuscript and comments.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: AH. Performed the experiments: PA LZ. Analyzed the data: PA MM GLP VAS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: VAS. Wrote the paper: PA AH.
3. 3. Zhang R, Su B (2009) Small but influential: the role of microRNAs on gene regulatory network and 3′UTR evolution. J Genet Genomics 36: 1–6.
9. 9. van Dongen S, Abreu-Goodger C, Enright AJ (2008) Detecting microRNA binding and siRNA off-target effects from expression data. Nat Methods 5: 1023–1025.
10. 10. Elkon R, Agami R (2008) Removal of AU bias from microarray mRNA expression data enhances computational identification of active microRNAs. PLoS Comput Biol 4: e1000189.
13. 13. Maragkakis M, Reczko M, Simossis VA, Alexiou P, Papadopoulos GL, et al. (2009) DIANA-microT web server: elucidating microRNA functions through target prediction. Nucleic Acids Res 37: W273–276.
14. 14. Maragkakis M, Alexiou P, Papadopoulos GL, Reczko M, Dalamagas T, et al. (2009) Accurate microRNA target prediction correlates with protein repression levels. BMC Bioinformatics 10: 295.
15. 15. Papadopoulos GL, Alexiou P, Maragkakis M, Reczko M, Hatzigeorgiou AG (2009) DIANA-mirPath: Integrating human and mouse microRNAs in pathways. Bioinformatics 25: 1991–1993.
17. 17. Okuda S, Yamada T, Hamajima M, Itoh M, Katayama T, et al. (2008) KEGG Atlas mapping for global analysis of metabolic pathways. Nucleic Acids Res 36: W423–426.
21. 21. Griffiths-Jones S (2006) miRBase: the microRNA sequence database. Methods Mol Biol 342: 129–138.
22. 22. Karolchik D, Hinrichs AS, Kent WJ (2007) The UCSC Genome Browser. Curr Protoc Bioinformatics Chapter 1: Unit 1 4. | <urn:uuid:ef7d4c6d-e97c-46e7-8ced-a36a3a36fb64> | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0009171 | en | 0.891921 | 0.043804 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
First, let’s define the term “Self-indulgent” as through basic dictionary definitions: “Indulging one’s own desires, passions, whims, etc., especially without restraint.” Attribute this to writing and one can then assess that the phrase on its own could be inferred to mean writing that indulges one’s desires, passions, whims, and such. In short, or perhaps in layman’s terms, writing that seeks to draw upon one’s own interests. Kind of like fanfiction.
One should be wary, however, as to whom exactly is the focus of such self-indulgent writing. In most cases, it can either be two perspectives: the writer’s or the audience’s. From the writer’s case, self-indulgent writing can be harder to spot without doing some digging, as when presented with a story with little idea as to whom is writing it and what they’ve experienced, it’s hard to criticize the piece for being so self-indulgent to the writer(s) themselves. In internet culture, it’s most common in the form of Mary Sues/Gary Stus, where the main character or characters receive special treatment from everyone around them to unrealistic levels. Even so, Mary Sues/Gary Stus may not be inherently self-indulgent to the writers themselves, but perhaps overembellishing through the promotion for personal social or political beliefs.
What is more prominent, and what I personally find more problematic, is the indulgence through the perspective of the audience, whereas the self-indulgent writing aims to have the viewer supplant a bland protagonist to immerse themselves within the world’s self-serving fantasy. This is the scenario in which many series of the last few years take advantage of for the sake of chasing trends and obtaining popularity and praise, and the primary motivator for elaborating on this subject. With introductions out of the way, let’s talk about my issues with “escapism.”
A disclaimer just beforehand: I don’t think every show that employs self-indulgent writing is inherently bad and destined for the garbage bin. Some series such as Konosuba do a pleasant job of taking this aspect and turning it on its head whilst still adhering enough to its typical intentions to make it enjoyable for both those for and against it. Only through my personal experience do I find that (much) more often than not, this type of writing ends up either boring me or making me cringe. It’s not a 100% instakill for a series to overindulge in some areas. It’s all a matter of what any individual series chooses to do with it.
With that, the segue into my first argument comes to light: What does it do? Self-indulgent writing gives viewers that warm, fuzzy feeling of involving themselves in impossible adventures that reward them with power, fame, personal glory, and women (or men). And… that’s pretty much it. From what I’ve seen, that’s pretty much the gist of what anime with self-indulgent writing accomplishes. Character development is fairly minimal due to the heavy focus on the main protagonist, who is strictly bland to become more supplantable, and side characters are often tied to impressing/supporting the main protagonist, because self-indulgent writing. The stories are often bare-boned because the formula involves one of two scenarios: the protagonist conquers every problem without fail because it’s convenient or they’re knocked down just to get back up even stronger through THE POWER OF EMOTIONS!!! because everyone loves the underdog story. Just the act of making the main character feel like the light that guides the series through the darkness already serves as a major detractor from what I would consider a good, memorable, or impactful story.
The most common offenders of overusing self-indulgent writing include the Shounen, Shoujo, Harem, and Isekai genres. Shounen and Shoujo are likely because they’re aimed at younger audiences who don’t normally care for complicating core stereotypical entertainment (drama and romance for girls, action and thrillers for boys). Harem because the very idea of having multiple men or women chase after one is kind of self-indulgent already. And then Isekai is the most creative use of self-indulgent writing, and perhaps the genre with the most potential for doing more with itself (Konosuba is, after all, an Isekai title). Even so, many Isekai are paired with harems or the previously mentioned topic of Mary Sues/Gary Stus, resulting in a bonanza of self-indulgent writing.
Of recent memory, titles within each genre that employed a disgusting amount of self-indulgent writing for me include Watashi ga Motete Dousunda for Shoujo and Harem, DanMachi for Isekai, and… wow, it’s been a while since I’ve watched any notable Shounen title with self-indulgent writing. I guess I could put Drifters up there, though it’s classified as Seinen instead of Shounen… though I’d argue it’s just a bloody Shounen. All of these titles did with the scope, flow, or realism of their stories and characters in a way where it seemed very obvious that their intentions were purely towards catering to a specific audience. It creates a sort of disconnect with me, who enjoys watching series that either enchants through symbolic or bizarre spectacle, or tries to teach some sort of lesson/invoke the basic essentials of emotional empathy.
Leading me to my next point is only a slight alteration of the previous: What can it do? The previous deals with what self-indulgent writing manages to showcase within a piece of fiction; this deals with the potential or possibility of what self-indulgent writing can bring. As stated before, self-indulgent writing can bring the warm, fuzzy feeling of getting all the things one would want due to missing out on them in their own life, or fantasizing about a position where more is possible. What does this do for, say, personal growth? Life lessons? Social commentary? Anything more than just “Check out this reality.” Self-indulgent writing is just devoid of substance important to me. I watch stories to connect with characters, which I already clarified earlier are cardboard due to the importance of the main character, or to be enthralled by gripping stories with weight and consequences. I tend to be fond of pieces that challenge my interpretation of what’s good and bad, right or wrong, or simply go against common themes or tropes. It doesn’t necessarily have to be a written masterpiece, but at least give the impression that the intentions aren’t so short-sighted.
I think it’s time to provide some counterpoints to what I’m trying to address; the part where I predict why any of this may not matter to the majority of audiences out there. What all of my own criticisms come down to is that it’s perhaps too simple, doesn’t evoke any sort of deserved mental stimulation (as in through build-up and such), or feels too comfortable in only fondling the discreet urges of the common anime fan. What it all amounts to is this: Does this all even matter? So what if self-indulgent writing is what it is? So what if it’s “escapist”? So what if I think it’s simple or it lacks any substance? For some, I’m sure all that matters is if it succeeds in where it wants to: indulging the fan in some high-grade fantasy fun. Fiction is special in that it means something different for everyone, and what it means to me is that it should strive to be crafted with the heart and the brain. Some don’t care about that, and a lot of this may seem as though I’m whining that anime isn’t smart enough for me or whatever else. I can respect that.
Making it this far, what would constitute as an example of self-indulgent writing in anime? Let’s make a handy-dandy list with examples from specific titles:
• DanMachi: The female Goddess character who houses the male lead is in love with him at the very beginning of the series (hence no build-up) and jealously fights with perceived threats.
• No Game No Life: The male lead is an outcast NEET who is useless to his current reality; upon entering the alternate dimension, the skills he built up through incessant video game playing suddenly make him a strategic genius and are the most useful trait one can possibly have.
• ReLIFE: The entire premise of the series (What if you could go back to the past and start over???).
• Dog Days: The male lead is a Gary Stu.
• Fruits Basket: The female lead is a Mary Sue.
• Overlord: The male lead commands an army of darkness and is almost God-like in his abilities and through the eyes of his followers.
• Toradora! (See?): Male lead just so happens to attract the attention of a Rie Kugimiya tsun-loli, an insane person, and a cynical model by being special, I guess.
Multiple others instances throughout the course of anime’s history could be noted, but I don’t have years to spend on the topic. As one can deduce, self-indulgent writing can either be the entire focus of an anime or a single piece of the entire puzzle. As would be obvious, the more prominent this type of writing is, the more likely I am to not care for a particular series. It doesn’t feel real to me, or deserved, or is ultimately inconsequential. Such things don’t concern others while it usually bothers me greatly.
With that said, I don’t like self-indulgent writing. I don’t like it in anime, manga, films, or anything else for that matter, and the reasons are (hopefully) clear to see. The trend of creating more and more shows that, at least on the surface, follow this formula makes me wary of the future, though I understand that fads or trends tend to die out sooner or later (at least to a major degree). Should anyone have any more counterarguments for this piece, I’d love to hear them, so feel free to comment and I’ll likely discuss it like a civil adult and only call you an idiot a maximum of three times. Thanks for reading!
4 thoughts on “Self-Indulgent Writing in Anime: Why I Hate It and Why You Probably Don’t
1. Toradora is the Japanese version of Cyrano de Bergerac. Keep that in mind. This is actually a CLASSIC of literature, done in a modern Japanese setting. All the distractions are merely the variations which give it a Japanese flavor. It is still Cyrano.
Also, Dog Days is a funny variation that flips the expected sprited away trope of “ultra serious your life and the kingdom are at risk!” trope with “oh, and its just a game” humor. I rather liked it for that. Same with Outbreak Company, which might be considered the prequel to Gate, which you didn’t mention but probably meant to. That’s pretty self-indulgent writing, both of them, but anything with tolerance for rotten girls is creepy.
• From all the sources I’ve looked up about Cyrano, I think the premise is similar to Toradora!, but I don’t see how the anime’s essentially the Japanese version of it. I guess I’d have to actually read the play.
As for Outbreak Company/Gate, I discussed anime here that I’ve actually seen, so while it’s reasonable to think I just didn’t bring them up, with those two it’s because I’ve never seen them to be sure of its place in this piece.
• Cyrano is a novel, but its been made into several movies and adaptations, including one with Steve Martin about 20 years ago. Toradora shares the premise of “falling in love with someone you’re helping with their crush on someone else” or variations of similar, such as “expressing your love for your crush through someone else who isn’t nearly good enough but your crush seems to like”. They’re adaptations, and in Toradora, the objects of affection are actually smart, kind, and aware of the situation. Its brilliantly written and is in my personal top 10 anime list. Its one I recommend.
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Kilograms to Grains Conversion
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To find out how many grains in "x" kilograms or kg in "x" grains, enter a kilogram or a grain value into the converter and the result will be displayed.
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1 Kilogram = 15 432.3584 Grains
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Kilogram is a base unit of mass in metric system and equals to the mass of one liter of water. 1 kilogram equals to 2.20462262 pounds. The abbreviation is "kg".
Grain is a unit of mass and based on the average mass of a seed of a cereal, wheat, barley, etc. 1 pound equals to 7000 grains. It is also used to measure the hardness of water and the mass of gunpowder. The abbreviation is "gr".
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Qeshm ferry port in Qeshm Island connects you with Khasab in Oman with a choice of up to 1 ferry crossings per week. The duration of the Qeshm to Khasab crossing is from 1 hour 30 minutes and the crossing is operated by National Ferries Company.
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Qeshm is an island found just off the south coast of the Iran, laying in the Strait of Hormuz. The only ferry route departing the port is to Khasab on the north coast of Oman, with the crossing typically lasting around 90 minutes.
What is there to do in Qeshm?
For those who long for a journey into the authentic Middle East, Qeshm is the place to go. In a region that is growing increasingly commercial, Qeshm is rare in its landscape and values; ancient buildings dominate the skyline, locals still don traditional clothing and the food is unashamedly Iranian. The whitewashed houses are refreshing in the exponential growth of modern architecture, and the encompassing valleys, canyons and mountains make the island one of the most beautiful places in the continent. Much of the beauty lies in Qeshm Island’s Geopark; endless greenery decorates the area and walking trails afford wonderful vistas.
The park may bring the incredible aesthetics, yet the biggest drawer of Qeshm is the Persian Gulf sea which is famed for its salt content, allowing you to float in the water. The sea is engulfed by red cliffs and towering rock formations, perfect for nature lovers who crave an adventure in exotic surroundings. The sea is ideal for feeling the unusual sensation of floating, but also prime for spotting rare sealife; sea turtles, crabs and pelicans are regularly spotted swimming around the waters.
How do you get around Qeshm?
The length of the island means that it is necessary to use a private driver or taxi to travel between the most notable landmarks. Hotels can often arrange a taxi or driver to take you around the notable sites, or for the more daring, hitchhiking is a viable option with many willing to carry passengers. | <urn:uuid:82aef56b-6946-43e5-8123-d8c3f4e071c8> | https://www.directferries.com/qeshm_ferry.htm | en | 0.936707 | 0.073447 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
Oh, yeah? Says who?
By Chris Stevens
Go to a novelty shop and you'll like see something on a coffee cup, ball hat or balloon that says, "Life begins at 40."
Oh, yeah? Says who?
All I know is this: Life changes at 40.
I thought 30 was "The Big One." Hey, I was just a pup. Thirty was a breeze. Forty is a challenge, especially playing sports.
For instance:
* At 30, it used to be fun playing against 20 year olds on the basketball court because you're older, wiser and at your athletic peak. At 40, you're older, wiser, and 10 years past your athletic peak. Plus, you start thinking thoughts like, "Hey, I'm old enough to be this kid's dad."
Lesson: Avoid referring to the opposition as "my sons."
* At 40, your mind says "make a move to the right." Your body and legs reply, "Haaaaaaaa. Get a life."
Lesson: Who says legs can talk?
* At 40 you start thinking of the guys on the Senior PGA Tour as "my boys." Ten years ago, they were "washed up guys who needed to get a life."
Lesson: 50 doesn't look so bad after all.
* At 40, it's hard to explain a squabble to your wife that happened that day on the court without coming across like you just walked off the playground.
"Jimmy hit me and I pushed him back."
Lesson: You only go through elementary school once.
* At 30, a "gimme" putt is a foot from the cup. At 40, it's anything down hill and to the left.
Lesson: Don't golf with anyone 39 or younger.
* At 30, a good day is playing hoops in the morning, golf in the afternoon and softball at night.
At 40, it's getting a good night's rest, doing a lot of stretching, watching what you eat, playing one sport and making sure you're healthy enough to get to work the next day.
Lesson: Work pays the bills, not a rec softball game.
* At 30, you want to lead the league in hitting because of personal pride and bragging rights. At 40, you want to lead the league in hitting so you can laugh at all the punks who are 30.
Lesson: Does it really matter who hits .600 in a rec softball league?
* At 30, you wish all the guys who are 40 would get their own league started. At 40, you wish all the guys who are 30 would respect the guys who are 40 and realize that they'll soon join this elite age group.
Lesson: Ten years flies by fast.
* At 30, you don't think about getting injured. At 40, you think about what it would be like NOT to be injured.
Lesson: Keep a bag of ice handy.
* At 30, you believe your prime lasts forever. At 40, you realize you never really had a prime.
Lesson: Enjoy the game, enjoy the competition and enjoy the camaraderie.
* At 30, you think you'll never play sports in your 40s. At 40, you start thinking about playing sports into your 60s.
Lesson: Don't stop or your body will stiffen up.
My hope is that 30 years from now I'll write a column about playing sports at the age of 70. It's a goal of mine to keep playing sports until I'm no longer physically able to do so.
Lesson: I better get off this chair and go work out. | <urn:uuid:7f105ce8-c3c8-455e-9a59-c803dc1daadd> | https://www.ourmidland.com/news/article/Stevens-Life-after-40-7159629.php | en | 0.973696 | 0.041159 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
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Homework Help: Mass Spectrometer and Electric Field Problem
1. Oct 4, 2005 #1
My Question:
Suppose the electic field between the two electric plates in the mass spectrometer is 2.48 x 10^4 V/m and the magnetic fields B=B'=0.68 T. The source contains carbon isotopes of mass number 12,13,14 from a long dead piece of tree(To estimate atomic masses multiply by 1.67 x 10^.27 kg). How far apart are the lines formed by the singlely charged ions of each type on the photographic film? What if the ions were doubly charged?
My work:
For carbon isotope 12
12(1.67 x 10^.27 kg)=((1.6 x 10^.19 coul)(0.68 T)(0.68T)(r))/(2.48 x 10^4 V/m)
Is this correct :confused:
As for the the ions being doubly charged wouldn't I just double, q.
Thank You :smile:
2. jcsd
3. Oct 5, 2005 #2
User Avatar
Staff Emeritus
Science Advisor
Your answer of r = 0.0067 m is correct for C12, but remember that if a particle travels a semicircle, the separation between lines will be the difference in the diameter (or 2*r) of the ion trajectories.
If the atoms are doubly ionized, then q is doubled. The electric force is twice, but so is the magnetic field.
Remember, if B is the field in the electrostatic field, and the forces of the electric field and magnetic field balance, then
q E = q v B, or v = E/B, thus v is independent of charge.
B' is the deflection field and r = mv / qB' . | <urn:uuid:466425ba-bb2a-461f-8d9a-bf642b321d59> | https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/mass-spectrometer-and-electric-field-problem.92434/ | en | 0.865859 | 0.997383 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
Attending an American wedding
Weddings are universally considered occasions of great celebration. However, expectations can vary greatly, depending on culture, tradition and environment. If you receive an invitation to a wedding during your time in the U.S., the following general information should help you know what to expect.
Most wedding invitations include an R.S.V.P. This simply means that the couple would like you to confirm whether or not you will attend. They will have many details to keep track of, so help them with their planning by letting them know promptly whether you will join the festivities. Sometimes the invitation will include a card to send back, or perhaps they simply provide a phone number or email address you can respond to.
Since weddings these days can take place anywhere from the beach to a cathedral, you will need to know how to dress appropriately for this particular occasion. If the invitation does not include a dress code, you can pick up some clues from the invitation itself, the location of the ceremony and the season and time of day.
If the invitation comes on thick, creamy paper with flowing script, and will take place during the evening at a large church, you can anticipate the wedding will likely follow the same formality and dress up accordingly. If the invitation seems more casual and the location is a backyard, during the summer in the middle of the afternoon, perhaps you will not need to dress as formally. Do not ever consider jeans appropriate wedding attire unless the invitation specifically indicates a theme-type wedding, like a hoe-down or cowboy wedding, etc. You can always ask someone associated with the wedding what would be deemed appropriate.
Do not arrive late to a wedding. If the invitation says the ceremony will begin at 5:00, arrive with enough time to park, enter and be seated before 5:00. Do not take photographs during the ceremony. Not only does it distract other guests, you might accidentally get in the way of the photographer hired by the wedding party. You should turn your phone off before you get seated, and do not text.
You do not generally just go in and sit down in an empty seat at a wedding. The groomsmen/ushers will seat you based on whatever seating arrangement has been made by the bride and groom. Family generally sits in the first few rows. Some weddings still seat guests according to who they have come to the wedding on behalf of. For example, if you attend as a friend of the groom, they will seat you on the side of the church that includes the groom’s colleagues and family. However, if no one asks you, then it doesn’t matter and they will seat you wherever the space allows.
If you bring a gift to the wedding, someone from the wedding party will take it from you and put it with the gifts gathered from other guests. More and more couples tell people where they have registered in order to help people know what kinds of gifts they need or want. If the invitation indicates that the couple is registered at Target and Macy’s, you can go to the Gift Registry at either of those stores and look up the last names of either the bride or the groom, and a list of gifts they would like to receive will appear. If you choose to purchase one of those items, you will need to mark it as purchased on the registry so that they will not receive a duplicate of that gift from someone else. This system helps the new couple receive items they actually want and need, but it also eliminates duplicates from well-intentioned guests.
You will usually sign a guest book before entering the ceremony. Since the bride and groom have so many things happening on this big day, it is a practical way for them to know exactly who attended the wedding and have a keepsake too.
Depending on the wedding, the service itself might include music, prayer, a word from the pastor or clergy conducting the ceremony, an exchange of vows and rings, a ritual signifying unification, etc. Some wedding ceremonies last only 15 minutes, while others could take up to an hour.
At many weddings in the U.S., the wedding party has specific roles to fulfill during the ceremony. Usually, at the beginning, the groom (the man getting married) and his “groomsmen” stand in a line at the front, and the bride (the woman getting married) and her bridesmaids come down the aisle while music plays. Most American weddings still expect all the guests to stand from the time the bride enters the aisle, often on her father’s arm, and until she has joined the groom at the front. If you do not feel certain about your role in the ceremony, watch the other guests and take your cues from them.
After the actual wedding ceremony, the bride and groom, now husband and wife usually walk down the aisle together to exit the sanctuary or room, followed by the wedding party of bridesmaids and grooms. They often form a greeting or reception line for the guests to move along as they exit, providing an opportunity to greet and congratulate the couple and their families and friends.
Many times a reception will follow the wedding ceremony, either at the same location, or somewhere else indicated on the invitation. This is like a party to celebrate the wedding. It may or may not include a meal, but generally always features the wedding cake and drinks. If located at the same venue as the wedding, you can proceed immediately to that area after going through the reception line. If it will take place at another location, you will need to drive there separately to continue the celebration. Some receptions include dancing while others do not.
Some long time traditions in American weddings include the bride throwing the bouquet, photographs, the cutting of the cake, dancing, throwing rice, and the bride and groom driving away in the “just married” car. Not all weddings include any or all of these rituals; it depends on the couple’s wishes and family traditions.
You should never drink too much if the wedding or reception includes alcohol. Although a wedding represents a celebration, your behavior should reflect moderation and politeness.
Many couples leave immediately for a “honeymoon” after the ceremony. Traditionally, this time period allows the newly married couple to spend several days or weeks on their own mini-vacation as they begin their lives together. | <urn:uuid:dfc00946-cc95-4760-8ab0-50d7d570ec46> | http://internationalstudents.org/Home/ISI-Students/Survival-in-the-US/Tips/Attending-an-American-wedding | en | 0.960814 | 0.301202 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
Great gatsby american dream research papers
Great Gatsby Research Paper. Print Reference this. Disclaimer: The most relevant theme is the ideal of the American Dream.
Fitzgerald does a good job at keeping the western and eastern influences in the character traits. If The Great Gatsby is the Great American novel it is said to be, then the evidence is evident. Such as the The Great Gatsby: A Tarnished American Dream Thesis: In his influential book The Great Gatsby, F.
Scott Fitzgerald recognizes and describes many of the less alluring characteristics of the 1920's and the pursuit of the American Dream including dysfunctional relationships, materialism and classism. The Great Gatsby is a novel that shows what happened to the American Dream in the 1920s, which is a time period when the dreams became corrupted.
The American dream not only causes corruption but has caused destruction. The Great Gatsby and Death of a Salesman The Great Gatsby and Death of a Salesman research papers delve into works of literature in relation to the American Dream. Themes in The Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby also explores how the rise of this new millionaire class in the 1920s altered the American Dream for everyone.
Essay, term paper, research paper: The Great Gatsby See all college papers and term papers on The Great Gatsby Free essays available online are good but they will not follow the guidelines of your particular writing assignment. [tags: American Dream, Great Gatsby Research Papers 1049 words (3 pages) Distortion of the American Dream in The Great Gatsby Essay In the past the American Dream was an inspiration to many, young and old.
To live out the American Dream was what once was on the minds of many Americans. In The Great Gatsby, the American Dream Symbolism and the American Dream in The Great Gatsby. The Great Gatsby, a novel written by Francis Scott Fitzgerald in 1925, nowadays is rightly seen as the classics of the American literature. On the face of it, the plot seems to be a usual story of broken hopes and expectations. The Great Gatsby is regarded as a resplendent social novel, offering a bright insight into the American Dream and life in the 1920s.
By creating separate social classes old money, new money, and no Great gatsby american dream research papers Fitzgerald speaks about the elitism running throughout every stratum of society. The Great Gatsby is a tragic love story on the surface, but its most commonly understood as a pessimistic critique of the American Dream.
In the novel, Jay Gatsby overcomes his poor past to gain an incredible amount of money and a limited amount of social cache in 1920s NYC, only to be rejected by the old money crowd.
Phone: (518) 217-8795 x 2275
Email: [email protected] | <urn:uuid:31c39f73-7a55-4400-ad0a-4d2c0206b321> | http://orangelt.us/h6rw1r1t0.html | en | 0.926699 | 0.030346 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
Nasal for C++ programmers
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Some History on Scripting in FlightGear
Cquote1.png Actually It didn't start with Nasal. I first implemented JavaScript (ECMAScript) for FlightGear but everybody thought the library was too large so it never was committed. Then Steve Baker put his PSL scripting language in plib and David (Megginson) added the first implementation of that to FlightGear. At that time we were (theoretically) able to run both JavaScript and PSL scripts from within one single XML file[1]
— Erik Hofman
Cquote1.png I'd caution against a special-purpose language; these things are almost always just as hard to write as real languages are, and never quite do as much as you hoped. I'd stick with a general purpose language, whatever you do. And now the plug. :) I wrote a scripting language of my own at one point ( which is closer to Perl or Javascript. It's semantically richer than PSL, supporting all the stuff you expect like vectors, hashes/objects, garbage collection, et. al. It's also quite small; a little over 100k of source code these days. No work has been done to integrate it into FlightGear/SimGear (I wrote it for my own game project last spring), but I'd be happy to do so if there was interest. Languages are like religions though. Some people are going to hate the idea, some people are going to like it except for one or two things that *have* to be fixed first, some will want to use a different language. No one seems to want to use PSL yet, though, so it seems to me like the door is still open for alternatives. :)[2]
— Andy Ross
Cquote1.png Some will remember a few months back when the subject of scripting languages came up that I mentioned that someday I'd love to write my own language. Existing embeddable languages are either too limited or too large, and that I though there was a sweet spot for a small, simple language that still managed to support the "standard" list of features programmers have come to expect.[3]
— Andy Ross
Cquote1.png It was later that Nasal replaces psl because it was already much more integrated with FlightGear (thanks to Andy).[4]
— Erik Hofman
Cquote1.png All the FG specific stuff (APIs, extension functions, libraries/bindings) would almost definitely look exactly the same no matter the programming language being used, absent some major cleanup work to re-organize the FlightGear main loop (e.g. using threading and/or HLA).
Then again, the main issue with Nasal is not what it looks like (syntax) or how it works internally (codegen/VM), and not even it being de-facto unmaintained, but the way it is integrated into the FG main loop and the fact that there are structural wrappers missing (think SGSubsystem and friends) to move away from completely unstructured "free-form" code that is merely using timers and listeners to implement complex subsystems in scripting space without having any way to formalize data/code dependencies - as well as the fact that existing FG/SG code isn't exposed to scripting space, which is why there's so much redundant (and inefficient) code being re-written from scratch -often by non-coders.
— Hooray (Thu Apr 02). Re: Cloning fgdata with GIT submodules.
(powered by Instant-Cquotes)
Cquote1.png Even if Nasal were to remain unmaintained for another decade, it could very well continue to thrive in FG (in terms of adoption rate and documentation/examples), as long as those issues are addressed, i.e. better interfacing with/exposure of existing SG/FG code, and more structural wrappers to actually implement subsystems using OOP (classes) instead of just timers and listeners. Fool-proof multi-threading support would another useful thing though.
(powered by Instant-Cquotes)
1. Erik Hofman (Fri, 26 Mar 2004 01:24:44 -0800). Re: [Flightgear-devel] Trademark violations could be a problem.
2. Andy Ross (Thu, 13 Nov 2003 08:54:46 -0800). [Flightgear-devel] ACScript RFC (or FGScript ??).
3. Andy Ross (Mon, 17 Feb 2003 15:30:41 -0800). [Flightgear-devel] Nasl (not another scripting language).
Nasal Scripting
If you are familiar with web browsers and JavaScript, then FlightGear scripting should be pretty straightforward:
Basically, Nasal scripting works exactly like JavaScript in your browser: Nasal is an embedded extension language, that is integrated into FlightGear as a conventional FlightGear subsystem (a so called "SGSubsystem") - during each frame, all subsystems, including the Nasal interpreter gets its time slice to process scripts - which is why badly written scripts may slow down the whole sim and affect frame rate/frame spacing.
Once FlightGear is up and running, most Nasal scripts will be invoked via timers and/or listeners. Other scripts can be embedded in certain XML files, or even typed and executed via the built-in Nasal Console dialog or the new Canvas driven Interactive Nasal Console.
Just imagine a bunch of FlightGear subsystems like these, which are all run sequentially:
• weather
• FDM
• I/O (Joystick, Pedals, Yoke)
• GUI
• Nasal Scripting Interpreter
• timers (events)
• listeners (property tree)
The way that Nasal is integrated it doesn't really touch the core of FlightGear much at all; they just hook a new subsystem into the global list with events (timers) and the property tree now having support for invoking Nasal callbacks. SimGear is affected only in that it gets a new directory and a new library to build.
There is some documentation on the language available at:
Cquote1.png The files in the Nasal directory of the base package are read and executed at the end of boot. Stuff in fg-command bindings is parsed and executed when the binding fires. Properties under /nasal are read during initialization and can contain either literal code or point to files to load. And there are C++ APIs from which you can turn a string into a "FGNasalScript" object with a call() method which can be invoked at runtime.[1]
— Andy Ross
Cquote1.png The FGNasalSys subsystem now has a parseScript() method that returns a pointer to a "FGNasalScript" object. You can use this to hold onto a compiled script across multiple invocations and avoid the extra parsing/code generation overhead. [2]
— Andy Ross
1. Andy Ross (Tue, 16 Nov 2004 17:43:10 -0800). Re: [Flightgear-devel] nasal?.
2. Andy Ross (Thu, 04 Dec 2003 19:07:54 -0800). [Flightgear-devel] New stuff.
To learn more about the integration side of things, please see
Cquote1.png Nasal has always been a fully functional language, with recursion, lexical closures and anonymous lambda expressions. :) This feature allows for calling Nasal scripts (not functions) recursively. That is, have a command binding that is a Nasal script, that then calls another FGCommand object that is implemented in Nasal. Before, this wasn't possible because there was only one execution context for the scripting engine. Now you can have lots. So you can, for example, stash one away on a timer while another one runs. This allows for pseudo-multithreading of many scripts at once, which run forever in loops like: while(1) { if(NeedToUpdate()) { DoSomethingUseful(); } sleep(0.2); } This kind of programming can be simpler than running from a timer. Although the context is fairly heavy-weight compared with a timer entry, so we don't want thousands of them sitting around.[1]
— Andy Ross
1. Andy Ross (Tue, 07 Dec 2004 10:36:23 -0800). Re: [Flightgear-devel] New nasal features coming.
Nasal itself has a standard library of general purpose functions, in addition it supports dozens of FG-specific extension functions to do various FG-related things, for example to interact with other subsystems (e.g. AI traffic, weather, FDM, GUI etc). In other words, while you'll find lots of standard library functions, there are many FG/simulation-specific functions available in FlightGear/Nasal.
An increasing number of subsystems in FlightGear no longer have direct scripting bindings via extension functions, but instead work by replicating their APIs on top of the property tree - so that these systems can be mostly controlled just by setting/getting properties - the autopilot system, AI Traffic and the canvas are some more recent examples of this. Unlike conventional subsystems, C++ code or Nasal code, such systems can easily be controlled via the property tree - so that you can even control these systems via Telnet. To add new bindings to Nasal, the cppbind framework in SimGear/Nasal should be used (the Canvas system and NasalPositioned being the implementation reference here for the time being).
One of the oldest mechanism to run custom code are so called "fgcommands", which is just a fancy word for "FlightGear commands" that work purely via the property tree - i.e. they accept parameters solely as properties, and they may also only return values via the property tree. So these know nothing about Nasal or Nasal's data structures - which makes them pretty simple and still flexible, because they can also be used in non-scripting contexts, such as in XML files/bindings - from Nasal space, these can still be easily invoked via a dedicated fgcommand() API.
Also, there are extension functions available which allow callbacks to be registered in the form of property listeners (which get invoked whenever a property is updated/written to) or via timers (that may expire and trigger a callback that gets called after expiration). So you can basically make up your own control property /sim/foo/control-bar and register a listener callback that gets invoked whenever the property is updated (via cockpit hot spots, the GUI, autopilot, C++ code other Nasal code).
You will typically want to use listeners to get notifications whenever a certain property changes - a good example is a cockpit button or a GUI control that's updated.
Timers are usually used to regularly run a piece of code, i.e. to do some form of background processing - stuff that doesn't need to be running all the same, but that needs to be run at regular intervals (such as 1hz, 5hz, 10hz). Often times, callbacks invoked via timers will typically set up a new timer at the end of the routine, so that they basically invoke themselves. A more recent (and more sophisticated) option is the new "maketimer()" API.
Finally, there's a plethora of FlightGear-specific modules in $FG_ROOT/Nasal that greatly simplify coding stuff from scratch.
There are two aspects to Nasal: that of interaction with itself and with the property tree. For instance, to control an aircraft in a scripted fashion, the property tree is going to be your communication with the wider FlightGear code. See the following video of a fully scripted f14b carrier approach, using just Nasal scripting and the property tree:
In such a scenario, you will mainly use the autopilot to control the aircraft (since it has a real FDM it's kinda hard to control), and we would definitely recommend one with a well-developed autopilot (the 777s are really excellent with everything and has a good autopilot with all features you want). One option with the 777 is that you could potentially use Nasal to dynamically edit routes that the aircraft just flies via the route manager – not much work there. Another approach would be manually adjusting the autopilot parameters (like heading hold, bank angle, and stuff like that) through Nasal feedback algorithms for aircraft that don't have a.route manager. You could also couple this with the XML autopilot (now called "property rule") system to have real PIDs, easy lowpass, etc.
Nasal also can use its own mechanisms (library functions/APIs) to interact with different things (file system, route manager, fgcommands, ...). In interest of the web browser analogy, XML in FlightGear is like HTML.
Cquote1.png Basically my rule is that markup languages are nouns and adjectives, while programming languages are verbs and adverbs. You use a markup language to describe information and programming languages to act on it.[1]
— David Megginson
Cquote1.png Originally, I defined actions using XML mainly because we didn't have a scripting language, but ideally, we should share up the labour like this: XML = declarative NASAL = imperative i.e. if we want to say "this is X," we use XML; if we want to say "do Y", we use NASAL. A drop-down menu is declarative, but the actions associated with each menu item are imperative, and could be NASAL code snippits. The keymap is declarative, but the actions associated with each keystroke are imperative, and again, could be NASAL code snippits embedded in XML.[2]
— David Megginson
Cquote1.png Completely agree. Although it should be pointed out that there's significant gray area between the two extremes. Some of the existing commands (like property-adjust, with its handy wrap and clamp options) are simpler than the equivalent Nasal code for typical usages. Likewise, sometimes declaring your data in Nasal can save a lot of work interpreting that data on the C++ side.[3]
— Andy Ross
1. David Megginson (Tue, 09 Jul 2002 11:07:39 -0700). Re: [Flightgear-devel] x++ The World's First XML-Based ProgrammingLanguage.
2. David Megginson (Wed, 26 Nov 2003 15:12:46 -0800). Time to Refactor (was Re: [Flightgear-devel] Re: Nasal integration docs).
3. Andy Ross (Wed, 26 Nov 2003 16:35:23 -0800). Re: Time to Refactor (was Re: [Flightgear-devel] Re: Nasal integration docs).
Historically, FlightGear fgcommands were used before scripting got introduced, which is why there's some overlap between scripting and the legacy fgcommands, meanwhile we've come "full circle" - so that fgcommands can now be implemented in Nasal, and even overridden.
Some words on Nasal for fellow C++ programmers
Compared to C++, there is really nothing "low quality" about Nasal per se: Nasal is just the "script glue" that connects different parts of the simulator: Many Nasal scripts leverage C++ code - and it is very easy to add new C++ code that can be called from Nasal. So this is a perfect option to combine the speed of C++ with the flexibility of scripting, see Nasal/CppBind for details.
History has shown, that most code in FlightGear will eventually be made more configurable and more accessible, this usually happens in the same steps:
• replacing static variables with variables stored in the property tree
• using listeners and callbacks to get update notifications for important variables
• adding new fgcommands
• fully exposing a "control" interface by making it accessible in the property tree (see e.g. the AI/autopilot or canvas systems)
• providing new scripting hooks using extension functions (see Howto:Extend Nasal)
• providing a full OOP interface (using simgear/nasal/cppbind) (see $FG_SRC/Scripting/NasalPositioned.?xx)
Even if you should know C or C++ already, Nasal probably remains the most accessible and the most powerful method for customizing the simulator in the beginning, simply because it is extremely easy and fast to get started, you don't need an "integrated development environment", you don't need to install compilers and you don't need to satisfy any 3rd party dependencies; bottom line being: if you can run FlightGear, you can also run Nasal and directly create new features.
In addition, Nasal code is fairly abstract code, too. Once you start looking at some existing Nasal scripts, you will see that it is also fairly high level code, much more high level than C++ or C- so Nasal has a much higher density of code, too. Nasal's role in FlightGear really is like JavaScript's role in Firefox or Chrome, where it is also used for many/most core-related logics (CSS/XUL).
Nasal is an extension language, a scripting language that is much more high level than C++ and specifically meant to be used for extending a host application (FlightGear). C++ on the other hand is a systems programming language (most APIs in Nasal are FlightGear specific).
Nasal's power is due to the fact that it is not as low level as C++ code, and that it is very easy for non-programmers to get started adding custom features to FlightGear, without requiring a background in software development or programming.
Aircraft developers or other base package contributors don't need to be familiar with C++ programming, they don't even need an IDE or a working build environment. They can just write scripts in a text editor and drop them into the base package, and things will simply work. That is because FlightGear is the runtime environment for Nasal scripts.
Obviously, an experienced programmer can make use of more complex Nasal features, and come up with much more optimized code and sophisticated features.
Basically, there really is nothing in either language that you cannot also do in the other language - ever heard of "turing completeness"?
Of course, some things are better handled in C++ space, while others are better (=more easily) done in Nasal, usually you'll want to implement performance-critical stuff in C/C++ and then make it accessible to scripting space.
It really boils down to what needs to be done, usually new features can be implemented (or at least prototyped) with just some Nasal code, sometimes new Nasal functions may be required to interface to the rest of FlightGear.
Some words on plugins
Experienced C++ developers may be looking for an SDK to create plugins for FlightGear. This is a discussion that has been brought up frequently by new FlightGear users who would like to create new features/modules for FlightGear.
FlightGear doesn't have such an SDK, and the general consensus is that FlightGear doesn't need an SDK for creating binary plugins. FlightGear is an open source flight simulator, developers are invited to directly contribute to FlightGear itself.
While adding support for binary plugins is of course possible, and not even that complicated, it would be a pretty bad idea for a number of reasons:
FlightGear supports a fairly powerful (and high level) scripting language to provide extensibility - dynamically linking to binary plugins (DSOs, DLLs) however is highly platform specific and has also many other disadvantages (e.g. mutual library dependencies and versioning requirements).
Not to mention, that plugin developers need to be able to build/compile their modules before using them. Nasal scripts on the other hand "just work" by dropping them into the base package folder, in its current form, there's nothing platform-specific about Nasal code - if it runs on one machine, it will also run another - regardless of your CPU, GPU or operating system.
Instead, FlightGear is usually extended by either using its support for Nasal scripting or by adding new C++ code to the source tree, or a combination of both approaches (so that Nasal scripts can call C++ code).
Occasionally, plugin developers for commercial flight simulators such as MSFS or X-Plane highlight how important such a plugin system is. But the truth is, it is only since fairly recently, that there are discussions going on in the X-Plane community to also add scripting support to their simulator, ironically by the use of a python plugin specifically for scripting:
Cquote1.png What we need is a scripting system. The scripting system would provide a relatively simple text-file syntax to do simple scripting of systems and instruments for airplanes.
— X-Plane Scenery Blog[1]
Now let's look at this decision: They have like how many years experience working with binary plugins? How come they still intend to support scripting, probably because it's the better solution!
So, in this aspect, FlightGear is really years ahead of the other two large flight simulators, both of which provide fairly limited script-ability.
Also, you cannot circumvent the requirements of the GPL 2, so any binary modules (plugins) linked into GPL'ed software, need to be GPL'ed too - which requires the corresponding source code to be also distributed alongside with any binary releases.
If you want to add new features to FlightGear, the usual way is to add a new subsystem - for an example of how this is done in C++, you may want to search the FG forums for the discussion on "ridge lift" that took place a while ago which shows how the fellow forum member "WooT" implemented support for ridge lift by adding a new subsystem to FlightGear, see these threads for details:
Related discussions:
Obviously, C++ code will usually be faster than the corresponding Nasal code. But, while performance is not a design goal, Nasal isn't especially slow either. For example, early benchmarks of the garbage collector showed it as faster than perl's reference counter, and its number crunching performance is on par with python. But in all cases, simplicity, transparency and a sane feature set are preferred over speed in Nasal.
Nasal was specifically designed for use as an extension language in an larger project such as FlightGear. The problem with many otherwise excellent languages in this environment is that they are huge. Perl and python are great, but enormous. Even their "core" interpreters and library code are larger than most projects that require an embedded language. They cannot be readily shipped with their host application and need to be installed system-wide. This is a pain and a compatibility hassle.
The real goal with Nasal is to have a language that supports most "normal" programming idioms (objects, functions, arrays, hashes) while avoiding the bloat that comes from "platform" scripting languages like perl, python, ruby and php.
Garbage collection
Nasal garbage collects runtime storage, so the programmer need not worry about manual allocation, or even circular references. The current implementation is a simple mark/sweep collector, which should be acceptable for most applications. Future enhancements will include a "return early" capability for latency-critical applications. The collector can be instructed to return after a certain maximum delay, and be restarted later.
As far as speed goes, the last time any benchmarking for Nasal was done, it was about as fast as Perl 5 or Python 2.2 at most things. It's garbage collector was faster, its symbol lookup about the same or slightly faster, and its bytecode interpreter somewhat slower.
Meanwhile, the GC has been identified as a potential bottleneck in FlightGear, see How the Nasal GC works for details.
Thread safety
Unlike almost all other script interpreters (and unlike the FlightGear/Nasal interface itself currently) , Nasal is thread-safe and scalable when called from multiple CPU threads (as opposed to the user space interpreter threads implemented by Ruby or the GIL used by Python for example).
No special treatment is required (as for perl, which clones a separate interpreter with separate data for each thread and uses locking around specifically-designated shared data) and the threads can be scheduled simultaneously. There is no global lock on the interpreter, as used by Python or Lua. The only limit on scalability is garbage collection, which must block all interpreter threads before running.
When running threaded code, Nasal provides "minimal thread safety", meaning that the interpreter itself can be safely called from multiple CPU threads without risk of corrupting or deadlocking the interpreter internals. Multithreaded operations are therefore "safe", although they are not guaranteed to be atomic. In particular, poorly synchronized insertions into containers can "drop" objects into oblivion (which is OK from an interpreter stability standpoint, since the GC will clean them up normally). Nasal itself provides no synchronization primitives to address this; thread architecture is a "top-level" design job, and Nasal is intended to be an extension language in a larger project. Choice of synchronization mechanisms is going to be highly application dependent.
Exception handling
Like python, nasal supports exception handling as a first-class language feature, with built-in runtime-inspectable stack trace. Rather like perl, however, there is no special "try" syntax for exception handling, nor inheritance-based catching semantics. Instead, you use the call() builtin to invoke a function object and inspect the results to determine what error was thrown (either with the die() builtin or via an internal runtime error) and what the stack trace looked like. Elaborate exception handling isn't really appropriate for embedded scripting languages.
High level programming
Thus, programmers already familiar with C++ shouldn't just disregard Nasal as a "toy" that doesn't seem suitable for serious development: some of the more complex Nasal scripts can literally make one's head spin around and it would quite obviously take much more C++ or Java code to implement the same features, while sacrificing all the flexibility and power that a scripting language offers.
Some features can certainly be more easily implemented in Nasal space, than in C++ space. Often, the Nasal solution is "on par" with similar solutions in C++.
For instance, Nasal code cannot only be easily run and contributed by all users, but it can also be easily reused and maintained by other users. This means, that given the number of active C++ developers, compared to the number of base package contributors, your code is more likely to be actively maintained by fellow users if it is written in Nasal.
In other words, if there are some experimental features you'd like to explore, Nasal is an excellent way to ensure that other FlightGear users can easily test your new features. This could be witnessed during the development of the local weather system or the bombable addon,too.
This is in stark contrast to features developed solely in C++ space, because these can usually only be tested by people able to build FlightGear from source, especially if your code isn't yet in the main repository, where it would eventually be available in the form of a binary snapshot.
Obviously, none of this is to say that Nasal is the perfect solution for any problem, there are many things for which Nasal isn't necessarily a perfect choice, such as low level code for example (i.e. rendering).
On the other hand, Nasal really is a powerful tool in FlightGear, and if you find that something should, but currently cannot, be done in Nasal space, it is extremely easy to add support for new features to the Nasal engine using extension functions or property listeners to trigger C/C++ code.
Shouldn't we favor C++ over Nasal?
Cquote1.png if you have a task that consumes 0.01% of the total computational performance, it doesn't matter whether you do it efficient [C++/GLSL] or inefficient [Nasal] - if you make it ten times faster, the framerate won't move a bit, and if you make it a hundred times slower, the framerate won't move either. Given that, you can priorize accessibility and ease of maintenance over execution speed.
(To give you a sense of perspective - the typical Nasal subsystem runs a couple of hundred lines per frame. Rendering at high quality runs about 1500 lines for each of your two million pixels every frame and loops over an array containing a good million vertices). That's about a factor of thirty million more operations per unit time. So FG doesn't lean 'heavy' on Nasal in terms of where the work is.
— Thorsten (Sat Feb 14). Re: Sometime, with Yasim... frame-rate is slow.
(powered by Instant-Cquotes)
Cquote1.png you can of course misuse Nasal to do heavy computing duty, in which case it eventually will slow down FG (if you inspect Nasal arrays with millions of entries every frame, it won't be a tiny amount of computation any more). But as long as you use Nasal for things that are not heavy-duty work (i.e. involving loops over thousands of entries, running code triggered by hundreds of listeners at the FDM rate...) the above argument holds.
The bottomline is - you need to optimize framerate by optimizing the part of the code where most performance is burned. Targeting subsystems with insignificant performance is pointless for optimization (still nice conceptually though...).
(powered by Instant-Cquotes)
Performance-critical code should definitely be implemented in C++ space. Still, there are several options, such as dedicated C++ subsystems (SGSubsystem) or Nasal extension functions.
Please, if you do know C++ and the SG/FG code bases, you are obviously encouraged to contribute directly to the core source code - nobody is trying to keep people from contributing there - see Howto:Start core development.
That said, among some core developers, there's apparently the misconception that other FlightGear contributors increasingly favor Nasal over C++.
Obviously, some core developers are particularly concerned about the amount of Nasal code added to FlightGear (i.e. the base package) recently.
So to put things a little into perspective, and trying to explain the current situation:
• We must not miss the fact that these are complaints about the plethora of Nasal code added to FG by non-core developers, these are usually people who don't know C++, who don't know the FG/SG code bases and who don't know how to build FG from source or at least who don't regularly rebuild a custom/patched binary from source, and who don't have commit privileges to directly contribute to FlightGear.
• It's not that C++/core developers suddenly decided to stop writing C++ code and instead use Nasal, Rather, the opposite is true, there are still a number of core developers who refuse to use Nasal at all and stated so publicly.
• So let's face it: How many "qualified" Nasal coders can you name? How many Nasal developer are even able to program in C++, are familiar with the STL and Boost? How many Nasal coders would be potential C++ core developers? And then, how many of them are able to use git and gitorious? How many are actually able to build FG from source?
• For example, up to a certain point, the local weather system has been entirely developed without ever building FG from source, and without using git.
• While writing Nasal code is obviously much simpler than writing C++ code, writing really good Nasal code is still difficult - on the other hand, writing really bad code in Nasal is much more difficult than in C++.
• Just because someone is able to write a script in a dynamic, untyped, garbage-collected programming language doesn't automatically mean that they are able to write quality C++ code that can be added to the main code base, using dependencies like the STL, Boost, OpenGL, OSG etc.
• The truth is, there's TONS of Nasal code in the base package that has an impact on performance, because of the way it is written, not primarily because of the well-known GC issues.
• Often, most high quality examples of Nasal code were written by people who also happened to be core developers.
• So it's way too simple to say that forum users are writing Nasal because they feel it's "just better". And, clearly, nobody on the forum wants to replace fgfs.exe with "nasal.exe"[1]. It's really just polemics to suggest that forum users feel "core=bad" and "nasal=good", forum users tend to contribute in the form of Nasal code, because the barrier to entry is so much lower, and because their work can be deployed much more easily.
• For forum users, it all boils down to an accessibility issue: Nasal is obviously much more accessible than C++ coding, not just for the developer of a feature, but also for people wanting to use the feature.
• Yes, it's true, Nasal code makes the main loop non-deterministic, i.e. because of the garbage collector - but there are people currently working on improving the GC: How the Nasal GC works.
• On the other hand, we also have tons of C++ code which is not using smartpointers and yes, which is leaking memory - in other words which is "non deterministic", too (definitely from an embedded developer's perspective).
• Now "fixing" non-deterministic Nasal code involves re-implementing a single self-contained component (a single C file actually, with ~320 lines of code), the Nasal GC - or even just adding support for an existing GC implementation. Which is something that is currently being worked on by another contributor, so that the GC impact will eventually be not as severe probably.
• Making the rest of FG stop leaking memory involves much more work unfortunately.
• And then, we have threading-related segfaults because of C++ code, where running the same binary with the same arguments sometimes works, and sometimes simply doesn't, and crashes FG.
• Really, writing badly performing C++ code is much easier than writing bad Nasal code. There are only a handful of ways to crash FG from Nasal.
• And writing/reviewing Nasal code doesn't involve the same skills that C++ programming requires.
• Nasal code doesn't need to be reviewed and committed by core developers - it can be peer-reviewed by other Nasal programmers, which is often happening on the forums.
• On the other hand, we've seen quality C++ code submissions which ended up not being committed or even reviewed for months (or even years)
• Deploying contributions written in Nasal is MUCH simpler, and doesn't necessarily involve any core developers!
• When compared to Nasal, we have less people in the FG communtiy who know how to program C++ and who know how to build FG from source, that's what it all boils down to, really.
• We cannot possibly replace or rewrite the sheer amount of scripted code we have, and looking at all the features implemented in Nasal, most of them cannot as easily, or simply shouldn't be implemented in C++ at all. After all, FG is all about being open and extendable for end-users.
• It's true, we get to see an increasing amount of features being developed in the base package. Which is a good thing because not every conceivable feature can be developed by core developers in C++ space. Many of these features were developed in Nasal because it was possible and simple.
• Contributing to the C++ code, simply isn't easy. Which is not meant to sound negative: it's a long-standing issue. Also, anything coded in C++ is obviously not as flexible and configurable, not without making excessive use of properties and XML config files, and then there are still ugly corner cases like tied properties or properties only read once during startup, or tags that only support static value and no properties at all.
• The other problem is that there is simply a shortage of active C++ developers familiar with the project and able to build from source.
• So, it is MUCH easier to develop MOST end users features in scripting space than in C++. That's one part of the reason why we sometimes get to see tons of new features showing up in the base package, while only very few new features show up in the SG/FG repositories in the same month.
• Anybody complaining about the degree of Nasal additions to FlightGear, needs to keep in mind that even developing just a single feature in C++ space takes often much longer (and involves more people, if they don't happen to be core developers), this applies especially to inexperienced programmers.
• So whenever somebody is complaining about the plethora of scripted code in Nasal, it is a good idea to keep the user (non core developer) perspective in mind: people are trying to bring changes to FlightGear, to contribute in a meaningful way, without blocking each other and without facing a steep learning curve, without being limited by the number of releases per year or by core developers having some time to mentor them.
• Nasal provides a very real chance for people to innovate and develop features without depending on core developers and without having to be able to build FG from source
• We have tons of features that we would not have without Nasal in the first place, including the local weather package and the bombable addon - these are features that probably would have never been developed by core developers. Frankly, because C++ is just too low level a language for such things and because features implemented in C++ space often end up there because someone cared enough to implement them in the first place, not because some end user "requested" them.
• if the primary concern is really shifting the development focus to increased use of C++ instead of Nasal, then, it needs to be made much easier for new developers to get involved, which includes reviewing patches and merge requests. At the moment, the project simply isn't there yet - which mostly boils down to a lack manpower obviously.
• Also, what's the alternative here? That people stop developing their own features just because we don't have enough active core developers who can provide help and support to newcomers and actually mentor them to a degree such that their patches can be reviewed and committed?
• This is not a problem about Nasal at all, it's a manpower and accessibility problem: due to FG's flexible design we have more and more users who want to add to it and extend/improve FlightGear. This however isn't particularly straightforward for people without solid multiplatform, C++/OOP, programming experience - they have to face an extremely steep learning curve. Nasal simply provides the lowest entry barrier here.
Seriously, people who tend to write code in Nasal rather than in C++, usually do so for a reason - with Nasal we have:
• pretty good documentation
• a fair number of beginner tutorials
• lots of examples and snippets
• people able and willing to help
• dedicated sub forum
• experienced Nasal coders mentoring new contributors
• a fully working development environment, i.e. no need to set up a separate build environment
• no tedious merge requests necessary, or long code reviews
• no need to wait for a new release to use and distribute a new feature (remember, just 2 releases per year)
In other words, if you are a C++ core developer who wants to see more C++ code added to FG instead of Nasal code, try to beat that! ;-)
So a user might argue that, more or less active core/C++ developers are complaining about features getting implemented in scripting space without volunteering to implement them in C++ space instead.
Given the shortage of active C++ developers, and an increasing number of people being able to write Nasal code (and develop moderately complex features in scripting space) it isn't really surprising that we are seeing so many features being implemented in Nasal currently.
Really, what we've been seeing is a simple form of evolution where the project dynamics adapted to the situation at hand, by recognizing a lack of core developers and shifting the focus to where the manpower is, which clearly is not the C++ source code unfortunately ...
1. Benjamin Supnik (14 February 2009). Scripting: A Line In the Sand. | <urn:uuid:bec0b8f0-9be1-4483-bd4e-8744ba57ecdc> | http://wiki.flightgear.org/Nasal_for_C%2B%2B_programmers | en | 0.937582 | 0.271813 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
Air Force Imagery ProductionEnlisted
Job Detail
Performs or supervises motion media activities. Uses motion media systems to provide aerial or ground visual information production or documentation support to Air Force educational, training, operational, or corporate communication requirements. Performs related editorial functions.
experience in functions such as motion media, production, television, or technical videography, or editorial and sound activities. 3V073. Qualification in and possession of AFSC 3V053. Also, experience performing or supervising functions such as motion media, production, television, or technical videography, editorial, or sound activities.
Supervises or accomplishes aerial or ground camera assignments. Determines equipment requirements, researches subject matter, and establishes shooting outline. Effects necessary coordination and ensures equipment is in proper operating condition. Operates camera, lighting, and related equipment. Determines optimum camera placement and settings. On aerial assignments, coordinates with pilot to ensure proper aircraft positioning and maneuvering to obtain desired results. Acquires data for captions, background material, cover stories, and logs. Performs operator maintenance on equipment. Determines most appropriate recording methods. Maintains continuity, orientation, and screen direction. Uses recording techniques compatible with editing. Reviews plans or scripts to determine resources requirements. Determines camera angles, lighting, and special effects. Ensures color compatibility between subject matter and backgrounds. Determines proper lighting and camera settings to ensure color match of related scenes shot at different locations. Matches interior and exterior scenes. Assists in selecting shooting locations. Ensures proper slating and identification. Performs production related functions. Assists producers, directors, and writers. Coordinates with requesters to define subject matter and treatment, and assists with script preparation. Prepares and arranges studio sets and related scenery or props. Directs rehearsal and recording activity; evaluates production treatment for suitability; and determines selection, timing, and sequencing of material for electronic editing or post production assembly. Operates ancillary television production equipment such as character generators and film chains. Acts as technical director or switcher. Integrates various television inputs. Operates switcher-fader, special effects, chroma-key, and remote controls. Sets up and accomplishes switching and special effects on cue. Ensures availability and technical adequacy of all inputs. Performs operational checks to insure functional readiness of equipment prior to recording. Acts as floor manager. Arranges and controls illumination for proper coverage, intensity, and color balance. Supervises construction, handling, and storing of studio equipment or props. Relays cues and signals, and assists production director. Functions as video camera operator. Ensures video coverage of staged or spontaneous events. Assists video controller with camera setup; prepares and consults shot list; and provides camera coverage during rehearsals and recording sessions. Proofreads and corrects teleprompter scripts prior to production. Instructs talent in effective techniques or prompter use. Acts as prompter operator. Loads, unloads, and operates prompters. Performs visual information editorial functions. Reviews and edits visual information materials. Identifies and reduces material to individual scenes or sequences, and assembles in proper order. Edits, assembles, and synchronizes recorded sound with imagery. Integrates special effects and prepares cue sheets. Accomplishes audio recording or sound distribution. Directs or produces original recordings of music, sound effects, dialogue, or narration. Transfers or duplicates optical or magnetic audio tracks. Selects and cues audio source material while operating recorders, reproducers, and projectors in interlock. Electronically combines and balances multiple sound inputs while operating mixing console to create optimum composite audio programs. Performs optical instrumentation. Supports scientific analysis, test documentation, and aerial photographic requirements with motion media systems. Consults with and assists engineers and scientific advisers on all phases of optical instrumentation. Determines techniques to be used employing normal-, high-, or ultra-speed metric and space positioning photography. Supervises or performs visual information functions. Observes copyright and repro
Similar Name
Similar MOS | <urn:uuid:ff54989d-bddf-4e4d-a3d0-e9a23ff5b40c> | http://www.mosdb.com/air-force/3V1X1/mos/2511/ | en | 0.868959 | 0.061765 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
Monday, 10 December 2007
Kep, or Kep-sur-Mer as this place was known during the French colonial years, is quite an interesting little seaside resort on the Cambodian South coast. Up until the 1960's Kep was Cambodia's Riveria. The king and his family had (and still have) a property there, and so did many other well-to do and influential Cambodian families. Only a four hour drive from Phnom Penh, Cambodia's elite would come down on weekends to party and play.
During the Khmer Rouge era the little village was destroyed by war - and became a ghost town. The stylish 60's villas built by Cambodian students of the famous French architect Le Corbusier decayed, and today you can still see the ruins of many grand homes and properties reflecting what was a golden era of modern Cambodian architecture.
But slowly, things are changing and Kep is kicking back into life. Guests houses have opened and foreigners and Phnom Penh expats are buying up the old houses to restore them. It's a fascinating blend of the grandeur of the past, decades of terror and war and a revival that is just beginning to attract more tourists.
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Emanuel meets with grocery chains to resolve 'food deserts'
June 15, 2011 4:30:37 PM PDT
Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel held a summit Wednesday with CEOs from some of the country's largest food companies on 'food deserts' in Chicago.
After the meeting, the mayor sat down for an exclusive interview with ABC 7 political reporter Charles Thomas. The mayor said his meeting with the chief executive officers of six of the nation's largest food/grocery chains was historic.
"Never anywhere in the country. First-ever conference with a mayor, first-ever discussion about the food desert. First-ever discussion with anybody about how to make this work," said Emanuel.
Food deserts are the low-income neighborhoods where the major chains have chosen not to build stores. Most of the smaller, independent markets available in the deserts are stocked with canned, boxed and bagged goods and generally do not carry fresh vegetables and fresh meat.
"It's harder to get to a grocery store to get all of that, so a supermarket would be very good for everybody in this neighborhood," said Nicole Lockhart of North Lawndale.
The CEOs at Emanuel's meeting represented Walmart and Walgreen's, Aldi and Roundy's and the parent companies of Jewel and Dominicks.
The mayor gave them maps showing where Chicago's food deserts exist and promised incentives for the companies to build stores in the underserved areas.
"I said, okay, one of the ordinances we'll do, if it's designated in a food desert, we'll give you a fast track on that," he said.
At Munchies variety store in the North Lawndale food desert, owner Sam Abedhadi worried that his and other small stores might be driven out of business by supermarkets.
"We might lose a lot of customers or either keep the same customers and less money. They won't spend that much," said Abedhadi.
"If it's a food desert, they're not offering fresh fruits and vegetables at that local mom and pop. I'm sorry, potato chips doesn't count," said Emanuel.
The mayor said he told the six CEOs that solving the food desert problem would improve their bottom lines, the public's health and grow the city's economy.
"I would call that win, win, win. And I'm about winning," said Emanuel.
Emanuel also said he's also moving on a plan to help urban farmers grow fruits and vegetables in the city. He wants the produce grown inside the city limits sold in the stores he wants opened here. | <urn:uuid:7216373e-7aca-475e-a550-bc99994030d4> | https://abc7chicago.com/archive/8192924/ | en | 0.974113 | 0.037493 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
I really hate jumping into this sort of partisan argument, but there are a few things that the writeups above seem to be missing. Now die-hard Republicans will generally leap to his defense (I think it's safe to guess which side of the fence elwoodblues is sitting on), and that many Democrats will automatically lambast him for his poor English or some other item. I am neither of these animals. There are more than two political philosophies.
What neither side seem willing to understand is that he is, quite simply, an unfit ruler. The first thing he did as President was to illustrate his lack of understanding of the U.S. Constitution. Faith based funding is a clear violation of the separation of church and state. There are many political analysts who have tried to make it more of a grey area, but if my tax money is being given to religious organizations, I think it's pretty much black and white.
He has no real policies, because much of what he says one day, will be taken back the next. There are various pundits and comedians who are already calling him "The Waffler", and he's only been at the job for less than three months.
Worse yet, he makes his people look bad by forcing them to reverse opinions so that they present a united front.
I am not really that surprised that he became president. He threw huge barrels of money at the political machine, and besides, had the advantage of the votes from people who will vote for anyone running under the republican banner. He is also not to blame for going to the Supreme Court, the Supreme Court is to blame for agreeing to hear the case. We now have our first appointed president, and the highest court in the United States has lost an enormous amount of credibility.
I am far less concerned with the man's intelligence than I am with his, thus far demonstrated, inability to govern. But, to paraphrase Thomas Jefferson, we get the government we deserve. | <urn:uuid:2453cba7-e97e-4d31-8adc-90bd66f16a7e> | https://everything2.com/user/gitm/writeups/George+W.+Bush+is+a+moron%252C+and+there+is+no+%2527grey+matter%2527+there | en | 0.985799 | 0.184607 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
Fall is a Great Time to Fertilize Your Yard!
Fall is a Great Time to Fertilize Your Yard!
One of the most important steps for fall lawn care is the application of fertilizer before the weather takes a cold turn. This is essential, because your grass needs to have enough nutrients to help it remain healthy during the winter, and to be able to have a jumpstart in the spring when the weather begins to warm back up again.
It’s a common misconception that once the warm weather growing season is over, lawn care is no longer a priority. Or that once the lawnmower is put away, the lawn is essentially done for the year. The truth is, your lawn still has a lot going on, but it’s just below the surface. Generally, lawns experience a lot of underground root growth throughout the colder months. By making sure your lawn is properly cared for in the fall, you will be rewarded with a much healthier lawn in the spring which, in turn, will make your spring lawn care much more hassle-free.
To begin your fall fertilizing, it is a good idea to thoroughly water your lawn the day before applying fertilizer. For fall lawn care, nitrogen is the most important ingredient. The easiest way to ensure
consistent application across your entire lawn is to use a spreader. When using a spreader, it is best not to fill it with fertilizer while being parked on the grass. This leads to the possibility of spillage onto the grass which could then cause what is known as grass burn. Additionally, make sure you read the instructions thoroughly to ensure that you’ll apply enough fertilizer, under the right conditions, and at the right intervals.
Renting a spreader is a very economical option, since it is far less expensive than buying one outright. When you consider that you may only use a spreader once or twice per year, it would take several years of renting one before reaching the cost of buying one. In addition, valuable storage space won’t be tied up with one more piece of equipment that, though helpful, is only needed certain times of the year. | <urn:uuid:493d136c-38b5-47ee-bae8-c83ab22771c5> | https://greencastletv.com/blog/51391/fall-is-a-great-time-to-fertilize-your-yard | en | 0.959116 | 0.045723 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
Reefer Freight Shipping at a Glance
reefer freightReefer freight essentially refers to freight that needs refrigeration or requires temperature-controlled storage during shipment. Cargo, such as perishable foods and beverages, requires reefer LTL trucks or an insulated transportation van. This short guide outlines the basics when dealing with freight of this nature.
Reefer Freight Shipping Is Harder to Arrange
Reefer LTL generally has more limited availability compared to standard LTL shipping. Most LTL carriers operate every business day. Reefer shippers, by contrast, may only run on certain days, depending on the region. For instance, a refrigerated LTL truck may only do pickups in the Seattle area Wednesdays through Fridays. By the same token, reefer trucks may only deliver to certain areas on certain days. If it only makes a drop-off in San Antonio on Tuesdays, then the drop-off cannot occur any other day of the week.
In addition, availability may be further limited depending on other freight already scheduled for shipment. Remember that you’re sharing the space with other cargo. All freight in a reefer truck must have temperature requirements within a set range.
There are, however, also reefer dedicated truck transports that have more flexible availability times.
Reefer Freight Rates
It goes without saying that refrigerated shipping is going to cost more than standard LTL transportation. Of course, rates differ depending on the travel route, fuel prices, and so on. As of late December 2016, the national average reefer LTL rate was $1.98 per mile.
To cut down on costs, be sure your freight is ready for loading when the truck arrives. Each minute the truck idles means adding more dollars to the overhead costs.
We’ll Connect You with the Best Reefer Shippers
Contact Machine Transport if you have outbound freight for temperature-sensitive items. Arrangements are more complicated than standard freight. We’ll connect you with a common carrier or line haul shipper that can pick up your reefer freight at the desired schedule and rate.
Edited by Justin Vorhees
Reefer Shipping Across North America
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1. Child Marriage Reading
2. discussion
1. Briefly summarize the article
2. What are three reasons why child marriage occurs?
3. Relativism WORKBOOK – complete using ppt below:
1. Relativism MAIN
Friday Sept 16 – Is the Greatest Good for the Greatest Number the Greatest Idea?
= Join Social Justice 12 for reminders of homework and such at the following website:
= follow the blog at – you need to do this!!!
1. finish Michael Sandel video (The Case for Cannibalism)
2. group discussion – do-you-agree-with-utilitarianism
3. class discussion
4. utilitarianism-strengths-and-weaknesses reading
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Elderflower Tea - The UK Loose Leaf Tea Company
Elderflower Tea
• £5.67
To make a mug of elderflower tea add 1-2g of the tea to a teapot or infuser - depending on how strong you like your tea – and pour over enough fresh boiling water as required. Strain into a mug, sweeten with preferred sweetener e.g. honey and serve. Serve without milk, elderflower tea can also be served chilled like ice tea.
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Customer Reviews
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Bonsai Tree · Cuttings · Gardening · Pots
Plant Cuttings
Plant cuttings as a way to grow plants is a new concept to me. I started three months ago and currently have four that survived. I started with twice that many cuttings but for a first attempt I was happy with that outcome.
There are a four main different plant cuttings:
Softwood cuttings are from new growth and are taken in the spring or summer.
Greenwood cuttings are from young plants which are maturing. They are from midsummer cuttings.
Semi-ripe cuttings are mature. The are cut in midsummer to autumn.
Hardwood cuttings are from woody stemmed plants. These are taken in the late autumn or winter.
One of the main advantages of taking plant cuttings is increasing the amount of plants that you can have in your garden. It is a cost effective method to increase the plant s in your garden. Additionally once you have tried it a few times, it becomes easier and you will know which plants are more successful than others.
To begin the process, you need to pick healthy plants which are well hydrated. A drier plant will struggle once it has been potted as it will not have an established root system. Once the plant has been identified, the cutting needs to be made with a sharp object, a knife or scissors. I believe most people would use a knife, but I prefer a small sharp scissors, I think there is more control for the cutting. The cutting should be three to six inches long.
In order to pot the new cuttings, a free draining loose soil potting mix is needed. This will allow the root system to establish and also ensure that the the cuttings doesn’t get too wet. I would recommend that you only water the soil and cutting when the soil is just dry again to ensure that the root system can form. I plant the cuttings 1 to 1.5 inches into the soil.
Additional steps
In order to increase success you can use a rooting hormone. I have never tried this and have still had roots cutting success so again a personal preference. To create a greenhouse effect, a plastic bag can be placed over the pot and plant and removed daily. I have tried this and the cutting for overheated and died. I haven’t tried it a second time.
Depending on the cutting type it can between two to six weeks for the roots to form. From the ones that I took, it took approximately one month for the roots to form.
Let me know what plants you have tried to propagate using the cutting method.
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I am making beds for my garden and am using treated wood with steel bracket like things. I need to make holes in them and the wood. I am doing 12 of these beds, what bit will hold up and cut through both the wood and steel.
• HSS drill bits are designed for drilling ordinary steel. This is either off-topic for woodworking or a duplicate of How to identify a wood drill bit from a metal drill bit - and does it matter? – RedGrittyBrick Apr 28 '16 at 10:47
• 3
I voted to close as this is not about woodworking. But the type of bit you're looking for is typically a twist bit which perhaps you might already have? You can read more about this on machinist's forums but you should use a centre-punch to put a dimple into the steel to help prevent the tip from wandering and also lubricate periodically during drilling (e.g. with 3-in-One or motor oil, fresh or unused) to prevent buildup of excess heat. The steel may drill much more slowly than you're used to but don't press hard to get it to pierce it, as always it's best to let the bit do the work. – Graphus Apr 28 '16 at 10:50
• On a related note if you have not already this would be a better fit for the Blacksmith and metal working proposal. Consider getting yourself commited! area51.stackexchange.com/proposals/88630/… – Matt Apr 28 '16 at 13:14
• 3
Actually, woodworking does sometimes require some amount of working with metal... Depending on the speçific application, this could be on topic. Or might not be. – keshlam Apr 28 '16 at 14:17
• 3
I thought your question was a reasonable question for woodworking area. Sorry that some people were rude to you for simply posting a question. Hope you found your answer. – TAMMYE S May 4 '16 at 23:46
up vote 1 down vote accepted
I thought I might as well convert my Comment above seeing as nobody else posted an Answer specifying the exact bit type.
Bit type
The bit you're looking for is a twist bit which perhaps you already have?
These days they're commonly available in three finishes, bare steel, black oxide and "titanium-coated" (more accurately, coated in titanium nitride).
Twist bits/twist drills
Most bare steel bits will be HSS, short for high-speed steel, a hard and durable alloy that is highly resistant to softening at high temperatures. Both of the other types can be HSS under their respective coatings too.
It's still possible to buy carbon-steel twist bits today, especially if they're very cheap. The durability of these bits when boring into steel can be low, especially if heat is allowed to build up during drilling (this can literally cause a bit to go blunt the first time it's used — if the tip goes blue it got too hot and will have 'lost temper', becoming little harder than the steel brackets you're drilling into).
When preparing to drill into the steel a centre-punch must be used first to put a dimple into the metal. This is to to help prevent the tip from wandering, but even so some care must be exercised to keep the bit on the mark before it starts to cut and form its own hole.
Even though HSS is very heat-tolerant you may need to lubricate periodically during drilling (e.g. with 3-in-One or motor oil, fresh or unused) to prevent buildup of excess heat. The steel may drill much more slowly than you're used to but don't press hard to get the bit to pierce it, as always it's best to let the tool do the work at its own pace.
Once the bit has gotten through the steel and enters the wood expect it to suddenly increase its boring speed, so be prepared for this as the drill may jerk which always comes with the risk of a snapped bit.
Personal protection
Wearing eye protection is advisable, and especially if doing the drilling indoors ear protection too (common foam earplugs are fine for this level of noise).
• Did anyone else notice that those are left-handed bits in the picture? – AaronD Dec 2 '16 at 6:10
• @AaronD LOL, apparently not. Probably the picture just got flipped. – Graphus Dec 2 '16 at 7:45
As it was said in the comments you are going to need a HSS (High Speed Steel) drill bit which just means that the drill bit is extremely hard and resistant to heat. There are also titanium HSS bits which are just covered with a titanium oxide but then you wouldn't be able to sharpen them if you ever needed to do so.
It sounds like for what you are doing the HSS bits would be fine for drilling through the metal and wood but depending on the materials you may want to look at a step bit such as this but I doubt that would be necessary.
Edit: To add on to what I said before, step bits are a good choice of drilling if you are only drilling sheet metal or metal that is relatively thin (1/8" -1/4"). Also when drilling metal at anytime to counter the extreme heat generated you are going to want to use a lubricant such as motor oil or just look up "metal drilling lubricants" into google and you will find many available for purchase that are more specific to metal drilling.
• 1
My understanding is the titanium oxide coating will come off after awhile, so by the time you need to sharpen one of those bits, it'll be as easy to do as any other HSS bit. I'm having trouble finding a source for this information, though. – Charlie Kilian May 20 '16 at 2:54
• 2
You might consider editing your answer to include when a step bit would be necessary, and what it excels at. – Charlie Kilian May 20 '16 at 2:58
• 1
Note that when cutting metal, an appropriate lubricant is needed -- basic household oil will work. – keshlam May 20 '16 at 12:37
• Yup, any light household oil like 3-in-1 oil will work. You can even use water, though you'll probably have to apply more of it as it's low viscosity means it will be thrown off more quickly. At least the clean up with water is easier... – FreeMan May 24 '16 at 16:35
Your Answer
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menu tickets IT
The Chameleon
The Chameleon
The Chameleon can be admired at first floor in the new exhibit "A new world" dedicated to insects, amphibians and reptiles.
He lives mainly in the African continent with the largest number of species in one of Madagascar Island .
All species have arboreal habits: they hunt mainly during the day and feed on insects that catch thanks to the particular tong which, in addition to having almost twice the size of the animal, also has a very rapid movement with which it is often able to seize their prey by surprise. In fact, these animals are slow, and are therefore considered passive predators waiting for the passage of the prey.
Most known feature of the chameleon is definitely the color that can change depending on the situation, from which the famous expression "to be chameleon".
Finally, the eyes of the chameleon, they are real examples of natural engineering. Each of the two eyes can rotate independently 360°: this feature allows the slow chameleon to keep well "supervised" their surroundings, either when it is a prey or a predator.
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Alternatives to Short-Term Student Loans
Let’s start with a bold assertion; there are some demographics that just don’t like students. In fairness, this ethos is especially prevalent among those who chose not to pursue higher education and instead entered the world of work straight from school, this creates a clear and largely unnecessary divide between those with ‘street smarts’ and others with ‘book smarts’ which does a disservice to both demographics, and devalues the success that individuals achieve regardless of their background.
It’s important to take into consideration the struggles that modern age students are facing, especially those struggles that have to do with money. Let’s not forget that it can be particularly hard to balance tuition fees and living expenses when studying (alongside social drinking and hedonistic nights out). With tuition prices already inflated in the U.S. and rising exponentially in the UK, today’s graduates from the developed world are usually forced to start their careers in heavy debt and can often face early pressure to repay this by lenders. Even if you have misconceptions about students and dislike the lifestyle, surely you wouldn’t wish this even on your worst enemy.
Given this and the pressing need to fund living costs, many students turn to the short-term lending market. This is reflected in the popularity of student-centric lenders such as Smart Pig, which is popular in social media.
While students may contribute heavily to a short-term loan sector that is now worth an estimated £2 billion, there are, however, alternatives that provide a wider range of lending options. It is important that students in search of funds consider these carefully, as this helps them make an informed decision that strikes the delicate and oh-so difficult to achieve balance between lending responsibly and keeping their cupboards full!
Here are some alternatives to short-term lending in the modern age:
1. Consider a Credit Union Loan
One of the first and most viable alternatives is a credit union loan. Although this still requires a lending agreement and a subsequent repayment plan that must be adhered to, credit unions deliver more affordable loans and additional advice that enables applicants to organically improve their credit scores. The bad news is that you can’t pick to only get the money, whether you like it or not, you are getting some advice as well.
The primary difference is that the organisations behind credit unions are usually non-profit in their nature, and are therefore likely to consist of community members and local activists. This means that while they may lack the financial power and wealth to fund nationwide advertising campaigns, they have far lower commercial overheads and are therefore able to charge lower interest rates on individual loans. The credit union market is also ahead of the short-term loan sector in terms of regulation and capped at a manageable rate, so you are unlikely to be left with a pile of magic beans while staring at a spiralling beanstalk of debt!
This capped rate is fixed at 42.6%, meaning the credit unions charge a premium that offers fairness and transparency to all parties involved. While the commercial short-term loan sector is now following suit, the minimum interest rate is far higher, while the reputation of credit unions also tends to be far superior. The constantly changing nature of the market means that credit unions are expected to grow exponentially in the next decade.
2. Research Hardship Funds and Bank Overdraft Solutions
While short-term loans are extremely well marketed and capable of targeting specific demographics, you should beware of the lure of advertising and its capacity to turn ordinary people into drooling, mindless sheep. It is therefore the responsibility of each individual student to research the market and select an option to meet their precise needs. There is certainly a wide range of choice in the modern market, so the key is to identify, understand and explore relevant options before taking a full-length plunge.
For students who are generally struggling to make ends meet, fundamental steps are required to provide financial relief. In this instance, your first step should be to approach your university or Student Union Group directly, as this will offer you access to genuine advice and guidance. They will also be able to provide practical help in the form of hardship funding, which is by no means as dramatic or fatalistic as it may seem. Instead, it offers a practical solution to short-term funding issues without triggering spiralling debt liability.
So long as you can verify your financial issues and are unable to afford the fundamental staples of everyday living (such as food or accommodation), you can secure hardship payments in the form of either lump sum or regular instalments. This offers you flexibility in terms of how you receive the money, which in turn means that you can tailor the solution to offer the best possible relief. In most instances you will not have to pay this capital back, and while larger sums will need to be at least partially repaid, you will not be forced to factor in interest rates. If you are a struggling student this is probably the best news you have heard all day, and it’s the equivalent of finding a discarded £5 note in an old, crumpled jacket.
If your arrears are short-term and unlikely to continue indefinitely, it may also be worth asking your bank for an overdraft (or an extension of your existing agreement). This is usually seen as an investment by banks, who expect graduates to develop high earning potential once they have concluded their studies. If your bank is not forthcoming, consider comparing the market to find a service provider that will.
3. Become a Freelancer
The lending option that you choose may also depend on your outlook and philosophy as an individual, with more proactive and aggressive students likely to be enticed by the concept of freelancing. While there are obvious constraints associated with pursuing higher education that force you to prioritise your studies ahead of any other endeavours, those with a positive outlook are able to push themselves, optimise their use of time and utilise their burgeoning skills to generate income. This is the ultimate dream for students (at least those that are willing to wake up before the glare of the midday sun!)
After all, students are learning and developing a marketable skill that they hope to turn into a career when they graduate, so there is no reason why they cannot monetise these abilities while still at university. To make this a success, the key is to initially focus on your knowledge base and the innate characteristics that will help you to execute them (presuming that you have some). This will help you to create a framework for your output as a freelancer, while also ensuring that you minimise any associated start-up costs and make as much money as possible while working.
The next step is to make sure that you have access to the technological tools and resources that create simplified working processes, and today’s students are fortunate that this marketplace is extremely well developed in 2015. In addition to this, many of these resources can be integrated with one another to create increasingly sophisticated and developed tools, making it possible to create to-do lists and share these remotely with partners. Resources such as Trello and Kanban are particularly compatible with one another, meaning that they can be combined to make remote working quicker, easier and the remote equivalent of a quiet drink with friends.
Along with a rigid and carefully planned schedule, these tools can help you to optimise your freelance activities while studying. This can help you to optimise your earning potential as a student and provides an empowering alternative to short-term loans, so long as you orgainsed, determined and capable of resisting the lure of a mid-afternoon drink.
See AlsoIs Student Loan Debt Hurting the economy?
These ideas not only serve as viable alternatives to short-term lending, but they also provide options that can enable you to build a brighter, exciting and more productive future! Whether this is in the form of a positive credit rating or invaluable work experience, the right choice can help ease both your experience as a student and your life once you have graduated.
If you are a student, this is great news that encourages you to think more responsibility. If you are someone who has previously expressed dislike for students, now is the time to admit you were wrong and accept the struggles that aspiring graduates around the world are facing. | <urn:uuid:18dd0932-405a-4707-91eb-b407427771f6> | https://www.careeraddict.com/alternatives-to-short-term-student-loans | en | 0.958979 | 0.133988 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
Chapter 2: Basics
Sections A, B, C, D, and E.
Basics: Work and Energy
Various physics concepts and definitions needed for the study of sound, acoustics and musical instruments are presented.
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Basics: The Molecular Basis of Matter
This simulation shows particles interacting with a slight attraction which will cause them to stay connected with each other to form a a solid at low temperature. But if they have enough thermal energy they will begin to move around each other to act like liquid. Additional thermal energy causes them to act like a gas.
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Chapter 3: Vibrations
Sections A and B.
All sound starts with something that vibrates. The reed in a clarinet vibrates, the vocal cords in a singer's throat vibrate, the air flowing over the mouthpiece of a flute oscillates, and the speaker cone on your stereo or in an ear-bud vibrates. In this chapter we investigate a particular kind of vibration called simple harmonic motion.
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Chapter 4: Resonance
Sections A, B and C.
Resonance occurs in an oscillating system when the driving frequency happens to equal the natural frequency. For this special case the amplitude of the motion becomes a maximum. An example is trying to push someone on a swing so that the swing gets higher and higher. If the frequency of the push equals the natural frequency of the swing, the motion gets bigger and bigger. Resonance is a key concept in the production of sound in instruments and in acoustics and we will come across it many times.
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Resonance Springs
This simulation shows five different masses, each attached to a spring of the same stiffness. The springs are mounted on a mechanical device that shakes the springs and attached masses.
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Quality Factor
Many systems, including musical instruments, have a wide range of frequencies at which the system will resonate. We study how this range depends on the damping coefficient.
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Aviation Solutions
Descending air curls outward and upward as it slams into the ground in a microburst near Denver's former Stapleton International Airport on July 6, 1984, during the CLAWS project. (Photo by Wendy Schreiber-Abshire, ©UCAR. This image is freely available for media & nonprofit use.)
How the Jumbo Outbreak of 1974 helped lead to safer air travel
It takes a sharp eye to find something positive in the wreckage of the worst swarm of U.S. tornadoes on record. Ted Fujita had just such... more
HEMS graphically displays obscuration of visibility in areas and the resulting flight categories. Photo courtesy Air Methods
It’s rush hour. The bumper-to-bumper traffic is creeping on a foggy, drizzly day. A horrific car accident has left a person... more
How investigating the atmosphere is improving our lives
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Human Resource Management
Business Terms Print Email
What is Human Resource Management?
Human Resource Management is important for every company, as it helps in organizing the recruitment process within a company. Human resource management is not limited just to the recruitment process alone, but also helps in managing the employees and also help in providing the necessary guidance that is required by the people employed with a given organization.
By definition, Human Resource Management is the process within in the organization that helps in dealing with employment, benefits, development of organization, calculations relating to compensations and hiring, helping in motivating the employees that work for the company by guiding them by promoting their strengths and improving their weaknesses, communication skills and training.
A good Human Resource Management is important to every company, as the work culture and environment is based on how well the Human Resource management department helps every employee bring out his or her best in the work place. Unlike how HRM was limited to only the recruitment process alone, nowadays it is important to have a good human resource management team for effective functioning of a company by achieving the goals and objectives set by the company.
Processes of Human Resource Management
Every organization works together as a team to achieve a common goal. Execution and implementation of different strategies to achieve this goal is established with the help of the HRM. To plan these effective strategies, the Human Resource Management department assesses situations and provides with strategies needs a lot of consideration that goes through the following processes:
1. Human Resource Planning: This process is a assemblage of recruiting, selecting, hiring and training and development. The process of recruiting aims at attracting prospective employees to the organization; selection has many sub processes where employees are filtered based on their qualifications that match closely with what is required by the organization. Hiring is selection of candidates that have been filtered, and these employees are then trained and their skills are developed.
2. Employee remuneration and benefits administration: This process helps in deciding the annual remuneration that is given to an employee based on his or her previous experiences, including the benefits, allowances and other bonuses.
3. Performance Management: this process helps in providing all the necessary training that is required by employee to work with the organization
4. Employee relations: It is the duty of the HRM to try and retain as many employees as possible, and that is possible with the HRM making sure that they provide with better opportunities and facilities to the employees.
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Cheap Flights to Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport
Chengdu Airport information
Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport serves the city of Chengdu, capital of the Sichuan province in South-West China. The airport is amongst the busiest in China, with over 40 million travellers passing through a year, and also serves as a hub base for the country’s national carrier Air China. Operational from the 1930s, it was initially used as a military airfield but was converted to a commercial airport in the 1950s. The airport consists of 2 separate passenger terminals, Terminal 1 and 2. Terminal 2 is the newer of the pair and is mainly reserved for domestic connections. Terminal 1, on the other hand, is separated into 2 sections that handle domestic and international flights separately.
Flights to Chengdu Airport
The airport is served by numerous Asian and Middle Eastern airlines such as Silkair, Qatar Airways, Etihad, and Bangkok Airways, and offers direct air connections to dozens of major cities within the region.
Cheapest flights to Chengdu Airport
Skyscanner searches for the cheapest flights available across hundreds of reliable airlines and online travel agents for you. You can also set Skyscanner price alerts on flights you’re interested in so you’ll be immediately notified when prices drop.
Getting around
Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport is located about 16 kilometres Southwest of Chengdu. To get from the airport to the city centre, travellers can take an airport bus - simply board Airport Bus No. 1 outside the airport terminal, and ride towards major landmarks in the city centre like Minshan Hotel. A one-way bus fare would cost you back about SGD$2.04.
Otherwise, a direct taxi ride from the airport to the city would cost around SGD$10-16 and take about 15-20 minutes.
What to see and do
Chengdu is a city that was given an unfair helpful of natural advantages by Mother Nature. The land on which the city is built is rich in mineral resources and is nourished by the flowing water of 2 rivers - the Jin and the Funan River - that run through the area. The region is also the natural habitat of the adorable giant pandas, leading to Chengdu’s nickname - the Land of Milk and Honey.
If there, don’t miss a visit to one of the city’s most popular attractions: Panda Base, otherwise known as the Chengdu Research Center of Giant Panda Breeding (which happens to also be an extremely popular choice of workplace for young Chinese graduates). This is where pandas are studied, taken care of, and played with - you can watch baby pandas in their sleeping quarters and observe young ones frolicking in their bamboo habitat.
Also, visit Dujiangyan to appreciate the irrigation system constructed way back in 256 BC to both provide water and prevent floods. It is still relied upon even today, providing water to over 5,300km2 of land.
Cheapest flights to Chengdu from...
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Order In the Plex Now
About Steven
A true story. It was 1978, and I was working for a regional magazine called New Jersey Monthly. It was located in Princeton. My editor told me to go find Einstein’s brain. It seems that he had read the Ronald Clark biography of Einstein and got to the part (towards the end, of course) where it says Einstein’s body was cremated, except for the brain which was kept for scientific study. Einstein had died in 1955–twenty two years before–and no one had heard squat about it since. My editor had tried to check up on it, even contacting the Einstein estate, but hadn’t been able to find out anything about it. So he told me do it.
In short, I did. To make a longish story short (the story was published in the August 1978 edition of the magazine), I came to the conclusion that the brain, in sectioned form, was still in the possession of the pathologist who removed it from the Einstein head, Dr. Thomas Harvey. I tracked him down in Wichita, Kansas. At first he didn’t want to tell me anything, but after a while he finally admitted that he had the brain. After a longer while, he sheepishly told me it was IN THE VERY OFFICE WE WERE SITTING IN. He walked to a box labeled “Costa Cider” and pulled out two big Mason jars. In those were the remains of the brain that changed the world.
Forgive me, but it was almost a religious experience.
After the article came out, the media went a little bonkers. They camped out on poor Dr. Harvey’s lawn, and made life unpleasant for him. I did radio interviews for two solid days. Johnny Carson made a joke about it. My friends told me it would be the high point in my career. (Were they right? You decide.)
Oh, and Dr. Harvey told me that so far he had found nothing to indicate the physical nature of this particular brain was anything special. But some scientists in California heard about the brain from my story and eventually did some work which showed some anomalies. Anyway, the big excitement for me was seeing those little brain-pieces, each the size of a Goldenberg’s peanut chew, bobbing up and down in solution. This changed everything. | <urn:uuid:61df0f5f-55a7-4dc6-8feb-ee51f5d21136> | https://www.stevenlevy.com/index.php/about/einsteins-brain | en | 0.984957 | 0.172507 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
Jagan going berserk against HC Judges
Y S Rajasekhara Reddy was accused of abusing every institution in this state and subverting it to serve his political interests. His son Jagan Mohan Reddy appears to have gone one step ahead. He wants to blackmail every Constitutional body and make it submit to his whim. And that too without being in power!
Sakshi’s ‘expose’ on Tuesday about a High Court Justice is pure blackmail and is intended not only at tarnishing the image of an individual judge but also aimed at warning other judges not to meddle with Jagan’s interests – even in the portals of justice.
The so-called investigative piece of journalism is a sham and an exercise in malignity of the worst kind.
The motivated piece is obviously targeted at Justice Ramana of Andhra Pradesh High Court. Why was he singled out? Not because he is involved in any of the ongoing cases against Chandrababu Naidu or Jagan.
He was targeted just because he was perceived as being close to TDP during his lawyer days. Even the 4-column calumny against him does not say anywhere that he had compromised in any of the cases that the Judge had heard and decided.
What are the ‘facts’ doled out by Sakshi and what are its tendentious and malicious conclusions? It says that the Justice in question was named in a case when he was a student at Andhra University. From the description, it is evident that it is part of a student agitation. The case registered in 1981, like millions of other petty cases in this country, dragged for close to two decades.
Clearly there was no investigation, nor was there any charge-sheet. Finally, when a year-and-a-half after he was appointed as the Judge of the AP High Court, the case was withdrawn through a GO of the government in 2001. A local court took up the case and suo moto withdrew the case, according to Sakshi report.
Now, look at how Sakshi goes about its conclusions. The Judge in question, the report repeatedly states, has ‘criminal track record’ which he deliberately hid from Supreme Court. He was never, by Sakshi’s own report, convicted by any court. If he was mentioned as ‘accused number 4’ in a petty case of stone throwing at RTC buses which could not be investigated for more than 20 years, that is sufficient for Jagan and his blackmail paper to hit below the belt.
The dangerous part of the whole thing is how a patently frivolous matter was insidiously used to brazenly blackmail a sitting Judge of the High Court without the least fear of contempt of court.
This whole exercise of terrorizing in the garb of journalism, which is completely out of context or without any immediate provocation, has indeed lot of thought put behind it. Jagan’s case against Chandrababu Naidu is before a bench consisting of Justice Rohini and Justice Ashutosh Mohanta.
The verdict in the case is yet to be pronounced. Justice Rohini belongs to Andhra Pradesh. The mischeivous piece against Justice Ramana is intended to serve as a warning to this bench not to go against Jagan’s interests.
Failing which, his paper will indulge in the most blatantly defamatory, despicable and scandalous writings to undermine the integrity of the judges concerned. Jagan showed his darker side when his paper directly attacked Justice Eswaraiah in the same case. He is now issuing a clear and present warning to the Judges once again. Fall in line or else..! | <urn:uuid:f1da5001-b94f-4ad6-8dea-5ee398d6d8d2> | http://apnewslive.com/jagan-going-berserk-against-hc-judges/ | en | 0.984351 | 0.04129 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
Falun Dafa Minghui.org www.minghui.org PRINT
Thoughts About Life After Billionaire Friend Caught in Corruption Probe
April 19, 2018 |
(Minghui.org) A friend whom I have known for two decades started his business from scratch. He established a small institute even though he had no social standing or any substantial financial backing. With wisdom, diligence, and effective sharing mechanisms, he recruited like-minded partners. His business gradually grew.
I helped him with the first round of funding, which was extremely important to his business. I did not take any kickbacks for the help. That impressed him, and he was always looking for opportunities to thank me. He kept me updated about his business developments. Because my child and his child are of a similar age, our two families maintained a friendly relationship.
I heard later that his company had flourished and was very successful. The company had continued to expand with branches throughout the country and the world. My friend had become one of the nation’s top 10 outstanding young people, an excellent youth entrepreneur, youth federation member, and so on. He had all the titles that private entrepreneurs in China dream to obtain.
His businesses spanned from one industry into several completely unrelated industries. His net worth was several billion yuan. He had bodyguards, luxury cars, and a private jet.
Everything was going too smoothly, too perfectly, he was simply too successful. He began to lose a clear understanding of himself. Everything had become too easy for him. He was eloquent and unrestrained.
Just as he and his company seemed invincible, I heard news that he had been arrested for bribery. His listed company had been suspended from trading, while more than 20 billion yuan of debt and illegal fund-raising had been exposed. He had multiple mistresses and illegitimate children. One lawsuit about the company's public offerings was underway, while two others were lining up. The public were surprised and angry.
A few days ago, I saw his wife. She took my hand in tears and told me that she felt as if she had been physically and mentally tortured. She was on the verge of a mental breakdown. The strong sleeping pills she had been taking only gave her an hour of sleep each night. The mental blow had caused her to suffer from stomach bleeding. Over two months, she had lost more than 30 pounds.
Ah, people in the drama, I feel boundless sympathy for you. The sages and the wise have passed down principles to guide human conduct for thousands of years. Can anyone really understand what these principles mean? Who can really live up to them? Human life only lasts a few decades. Who is able to withstand a life where one reaches the pinnacle of success and then stumbles to the very bottom? Shackled by the pursuit of fame and fortune, immersed in sentiment and indulging desires lead to such a miserable conclusion. Retribution comes so suddenly that no one has time to prepare. How deep and irreparable the damage to friends and relatives.
Although this is a special case where a man rapidly rose to the top only to fall to the very bottom, isn't his experience one that every one of us can relate to in our daily lives? Tempted by fame and fortune, and emotion and lust, how do we restrain ourselves? Are we being responsible to our own future and to our family members?
Any evil behavior begins from just the slightest unrighteous thought. When these unrighteous thoughts accumulate to a certain extent, they will control one's behavior and pull one into the abyss.
The moment that one falls into the abyss those beautiful women will become demons, fame and fortune will become the shackles that hold you; you will enter hell. Regardless of your regret, or the pain you feel, you will receive only endless punishment and torment.
However beautiful the scenery in life, it will end. However perfect the gathering, one has to depart eventually. When one calms down, one might think, “What is the meaning of life? What did I come to this world for? Is there a way to be liberated and obtain eternal life? If gods really exist, where are they? How can I find them?”
Regardless of whether one admits it or not, everyone ponders these issues to greater or lesser extents. However, because no answers are forthcoming, many people choose to live a muddleheaded life, suffocating amid the degraded morality.
Everyone, please read Zhuan Falun. You will get answers to all the life-long questions you may have.
Falun Dafa was brought to the public in 1992 in China. More than 100 million people have benefited from practicing Falun Dafa (also know as Falun Gong).
Since practicing Falun Gong, I have enlightened the truth of life and understand where I came from.
My father is a provincial-level official. However, I don't follow the corrupt economic trends of everyday people in today's China. I also have a business, but I never take any kickbacks or commissions, even if the commission is tens of millions yuan.
I don't pursue a life of luxury, adorned with gold and silver jewelry. My mother said it is hard these days to find such a good daughter, wife and mother. My husband's sister told my son he would be fine if he found a wife who had half his mother’s integrity.
For people who do not practice Falun Gong, this may all seem magical, incomprehensible, admirable and difficult to emulate. But if you step into the community of Falun Dafa practitioners, you will see and hear countless stories and miracles.
We are fortunate to practice Falun Gong. We have only one wish: to share the benefits of Falun Gong with everyone. | <urn:uuid:0d951fdf-2dab-45e4-abfa-20dfc4a90192> | http://en.minghui.org/html/articles/2018/4/19/169423p.html | en | 0.982446 | 0.072933 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
Weekly Wire
Weekly Alibi Microbroadcasting Madness
The FCC and Pirate Radio
By Veronica Leary-Lodge
AUGUST 30, 1999: Sometimes life is confusing. Sometimes it's so confusing as to be idiotic. If you want an example of the latter, look at the evolving situation regarding the Federal Communications Commission and its stance toward pirate radio stations and microbroadcasters.
William E. Kennard, Chair of the FCC -- the same guy who helped push through the Telecommunications Act that allowed the consolidation of media power into the hands of a few, the same guy who oversaw the prosecution of radio "pirates" who were seeking to promote diverse views in the face of such consolidated media power -- is now proposing that the FCC consider issuing licenses for microbroadcasters, which would legalize the very conduct that the FCC has been prosecuting for 20 years.
Confused? How about this: Stephen Dunifer, world renowned radio pirate -- nemesis of the FCC, operator of Free Radio Berkeley (which was shut down by the FCC), the man who lost his constitutional lawsuit against the FCC, the man who challenged the regulations denying microbroadcast licenses to small stations like Free Radio Berkeley -- he is now opposing Kennard's proposal to allow microbroadcast licenses.
Politics may make strange bedfellows, but this is a veritable orgy of idiocy. And this orgy, like many others, began in the '70s.
A Little Micro History
Low power radio, also known as microbroadcast radio, was permitted by the FCC until 1978, when it was phased out through revised FCC regulations. Ironically, this phase-out was supported by many community and public-radio broadcasters because they were hoping to build their audiences and create nationwide networks. With the exception of National Public Radio, this plan has not worked out as microbroadcasters had hoped. For the past 20 years, the FCC has allowed only high-powered stations, and the licenses for such stations have become increasingly expensive, affordable only to millionaires or corporations. Thus, microbroadcasters -- now known as pirate radio stations -- who lack the money for a license and the audience for a nationwide network have operated illegally, seizing the airwaves and generally shunning all conventional broadcasting rules.
When the Telecommunications Act of 1996 was passed, large broadcasting companies were given permission to expand their holdings, and ownership of the country's radio frequencies was consolidated, ultimately ending up in even fewer hands. The FCC's own records show that the number of radio station owners dropped almost 12 percent in one year. Free Radio proponents say that this consolidation has resulted in a sharp deterioration of the diversity of views and the depth of information provided in radio broadcasting. Many believe that minority views do not get airtime, and that media corporations do not allow listeners access to information that is adverse to the corporate giants' interests. Kennard himself has said that the act he helped pass prompted "the most dramatic increase in consolidation in the broadcast industry in our history" and also threatened the FCC's supposed public-interest goals of "promoting competition and promoting diversity." Thus, most pirate radio operators claim that they provide the community with an opportunity to hear otherwise unpublicized or unpopular views. Why, then, would microbroadcasters oppose a proposal that would let them, and others like them, broadcast without fear of criminal prosecution?
More Space on the Spectrum
The proposed regulation would allow community broadcasting in three categories: 1 to 10 watts, 100 watts and 1000 watts. These stations would fill the gaps between the signals of the larger stations currently residing on the FM dial. To encourage diversity, Kennard further suggests that the regulations would limit the issuance of microbroadcast licenses only to new operators, and each new operator would be allowed only one station per regional market.
Dunifer has argued that legalizing, and consequently regulating, microbroadcast stations would be a bad idea because there aren't enough frequencies on the radio spectrum to satisfy the potential demand for licenses. "We're better off staying illegal," he said, arguing that the majority of stations will still be corporately owned. Dunifer fears that while microbroadcasters in lesser- populated areas may be able to get licenses, crowded urban areas like L.A. or New York will not have enough open space on the airwaves to satisfy potential demand for low-power licenses. Merely allowing legal broadcasting on the spaces that are left isn't good enough for Dunifer: "Unless some of the [radio] spectrum is given back to the public, the proposal is worthless to many people. Putting more and more [unlicensed] stations on the air is the only way to get something reasonable out of the FCC. And until that happens, we should resist flawed proposals like this one."
Dunifer isn't the only opponent of Kennard's proposal. The National Association of Broadcasters, the lobbying organization of media behemoths, also opposes the proposal. The NAB has argued that microbroadcast stations will interfere with existing radio signals, and is financing a study to "prove" it. However, it seems clear that the NAB's real concern is not with independent stations' interference with signals as much as with interference with the listener base. The NAB fears that listeners might choose to listen to the potential competitors and is trying to convince the FCC that the consolidation of media ownership has not actually resulted in a lack of diversity. An NAB spokesman has said, "When a company buys multiple stations in a market, they don't want them to compete against each other ... so they make sure each has a different format." In other words, the NAB thinks that because one station plays country music and another plays rock, diversity exists. The NAB has, notably, not addressed the concern that stations lack diversity with respect to political and social issues or with news dissemination. They also ignore the fact that all radio stations with any given format play the same songs over and over, and that the music source is almost exclusively big record labels rather than independent or local music. The NAB simply argues that there's "no proof that consolidation has undermined program diversity or hurt minorities."
The biggest issues, however, pertain to how "minority" is defined. Supporters of microbroadcast licenses argue that more "minority" views are needed on the air, but the FCC, as a government agency, is constitutionally barred from intentionally favoring minority broadcasters. Even if the FCC could pick and choose among applicants, it would be impossible to figure out exactly who the minority is. Would the determination be based strictly on race? Would an African-American Republican present "minority" views? Would it be based on format? Political slant? Religion? There are more underrepresented views than there are radio frequencies, and there is little guarantee that the racial/gender/political/religious characteristics of a station's owner (or shareholders in the case of a corporation) will govern the station's programming. Thus, the FCC remains plagued by the same questions that have existed since radio was created: How do they divide the limited radio spectrum among all citizens who want a voice?
Public Airwaves for the People
Perhaps the first mistake was putting the FCC in charge of the decision. Although the airwaves are supposed to be for the people, there are not many people who can afford to buy the license, buy the necessary equipment, and pay on-air personalities, programmers and engineers. Thus, a radio station would have to be either entirely volunteer, with donated equipment and talent, or it would have to make money somehow to finance the operations. "Somehow" has come to mean "by selling advertising." Radio stations make money by selling advertising time on air. The revenue pays for the license, the equipment and the employees. Such an operation requires a large initial investment of time, energy and money. So, when the FCC first issued radio licenses in the 1920s, they were awarded to companies like NBC and CBS, which had the resources to keep a radio station operating. As time went on, radio proved to be a very profitable medium. Communications companies gobbled up the available airspace -- primarily to make money -- but as a result, radio programming became controlled by those business-oriented companies and not by the public.
In retrospect, it's easy to see that the development of commercial radio has been contrary to the FCC's original goal of allocating the airwaves for the public interest. Large companies control the airwaves and the content. Their goal is to make money, not to educate, not to provide diverse views, not to act for the public benefit. Nevertheless, there are only three options with respect to radio operations: (1) commercial radio, (2) public radio, meaning that it is funded by taxpayers, and (3) volunteer radio, meaning that it is not funded by any source and is dependent entirely upon contributions of equipment and talent. If we reject commercial radio, we must be willing to accept the consequences of the other options. Do we, the taxpayers, want to pay for public radio when there is no guarantee of quality programming and when there will be great competition (and likely lawsuits) over the airspace available? Do we want the unreliability of volunteer radio? No option is ideal.
The system we have now leaves the FCC in a tough spot. It is charged with the duty of apportioning the airwaves among all broadcasters for the benefit of the public. It is supposed to promote diversity, but it cannot discriminate or intentionally allocate stations by race, political views or other distinguishing characteristics. Current FCC regulations require the FCC to auction off the spots, giving the licenses to the highest bidders. Obviously, such a system will result in radio stations being controlled by those who have the most money, usually mega- corporations who want to keep making money -- not exactly a surefire route to diversity and free speech. The auction system is constitutional because it does not discriminate by race, gender, religion, political affiliation, proposed radio format or other content-based factors. It discriminates only by wealth, which, although it probably doesn't seem fair to poor folks, is constitutionally acceptable.
Perhaps the solution now is to take the choice away from the FCC and give it back to the people, eliminating the auction system, but not necessarily choosing between commercial and nonprofit radio. The choice could be given to the people through voting. Anyone who wants a broadcast license would fill out a short application, identifying themselves and what they propose to program. The information would be included on our voter ballots every two or four years, and we, the people, would vote for the broadcasters we wanted in our communities. If corporate broadcasters were selected, they would still be allowed to sell ads and make money. If the public voted to finance public radio, so be it. Independent or volunteer radio could also be selected if the public wanted access to independent or local voices.
Now, of course, such a plan would have its own flaws. First, money would still be a factor. Rather than spending millions at an FCC auction, radio operators would spend millions in advertising to convince people to vote for them -- just like politicians. Second, the FCC would still exist, even if only as a regulator or administrator. Third, it still doesn't guarantee diversity.
Nevertheless, if the airwaves are supposed to be for the public, then control over those airwaves should be placed directly in the public's hands as much as possible. The public may make bad decisions and vote for bad broadcasters, but at least the decision would be in the public's hands, not the FCC's. The FCC has proven ineffective in both acting for the public interest and in creating diversity on the air. Giving the airwaves back to the citizenry by giving them the ability to choose their broadcasters would be a step in the right direction.
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The advantages of choosing fibre optic lighting for your exhibition
Optic fibre is a type of transferring cable. It's used mainly for communication, since transferring information through light and fibre glass is faster than traditional copper wires. It basically sends light signals down a plastic pipe. Fibre optics is also widely used in the lighting industry. If you work in a museum and frequently find yourself in charge of various exhibitions of objects, you know that lighting is a big issue. Read More
Frequently Asked Questions About Fibre Optic Data Cables
In simple terms, data cabling is a process of installing cables that can transmit digital information from an Internet Service Provider to a destination such as a computer network for residential or business use. If you are thinking about upgrading your data cables, you may want to consider installing fibre optic cables instead of copper cables to increase the speed and efficiency of your system. To help explain why these cables are superior, here are the answers to some common questions people ask about fibre optics. Read More
Indications You Require the Services of Electrical Contractors
Electrical problems around the home are not merely an inconvenience. If left unchecked, they could severely damage your appliances beyond repair. Additionally, leaving electrical problems unchecked could also put your residence at risk of fire hazards. This not only poses the risk of insurmountable losses due to property damage, but you are also putting the lives of you and your loved ones at risk. To ensure that your home is not an electrical hazard, there are some signs that you should look out for. Read More
The Top 3 Reasons to Call an Electrician
You don't need to have all the lights in your house suddenly go dark to need an electrician; it's good to call on this professional when your home needs repairs and upgrades long before they cause blackouts in order to ensure your safety of your home. Having upgraded and safe electrical systems will mean reducing your risk of an electrical fire and less wear and tear on your appliances. If your home's power should consistently go on and off or suffer slowdowns so that appliances stop working, this can wear out their motors, blowers, and other parts. Read More
Why Upgrade the Electrical Wiring in an Older Home?
If you own an older home, you may not think of upgrading the electrical wiring as long as you can plug in your appliances and get electricity as needed. While an upgrade to electrical wiring may be expensive and something of a hassle, it can be necessary even if your home is getting power through all the outlets and plugs, and the reasons may surprise you. Note why it's good to consider an upgrade to electrical wiring in an older home no matter the expense or time it takes. Read More | <urn:uuid:f1aaad96-7518-4db7-9b2f-2c58917fb0b9> | http://wholephonics.com/categories/blog/page/5/ | en | 0.946606 | 0.02366 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
Game Design: Reusable Code, Part 1 1
So … this is what I am working on today ….
In short, and this is a rant for another day, we found through our pretests that the average student needed FAR more remedial help in mathematics than we had expected.
Each time you go up a level in the game, you are presented a slightly more challenging level of mathematics. For example, you would go from problems with division without remainders to division with remainders. If you were unclear on the concept of division, though, you are going to be in that first level for a while. So …. we started adding activities within levels, to make them “wider”, to provide more practice and instruction on a given concept. Right now, I am working on teaching how to compute perimeter and area, and the difference between the two.
This is one activity in the game, but I think if I design it correctly, I can re-use it many times over. It’s not very simple but it’s not really overly complex, either. Basically, there are two parts that will be seen by the player, and a third part, the script. The two viewable parts have elements that stay the same and elements that change.
This part includes:
• The question asked (required, variable)
• Any hints that can be requested (optional, variable)
• The result that shows when there is a wrong answer (required, variable)
• A button that, when clicked, re-sets the problem and allows the player to try again (required, constant)
• The correct answer (required,variable)
• An input field (required, constant)
• An input button that calls a function to check the answer when clicked (required, constant)
This part includes
• The background (required, constant)
• Images 1-10 that appear or disappear in order as the player “earns” them. (variable, optional)
• A text field where the game character says what he/ she wants ,e.g. a dog, different clothes, a house (required, variable)
• An input button that calls a function to create a new problem when clicked (required, constant)
This begins with an initialization section. It creates and initializes to zero a variable to track the number of answers given. It also creates a variable to track the number of the question presented.
This initialization section will need to get bigger as we make the code reusable. It is eventually going to hold two, two-dimensional arrays. One dimension is going to be the row which is the question we are on and will hold all of the variable elements for the problem (in array 1) and the playing field (in array 2). It would be possible to do this all in one array but having two just makes it easier to read. Converting it over to use the arrays is what I need to do tomorrow, when I get a break from writing grants.
Next, we have a few functions. Some are pretty simple:
Strip characters function – this removes everything that is not a number. So, if the question is, “What is the area in square feet?” , and the player puts “240 square feet” instead of 240, the extraneous text will be removed and I can just compare the numeric part to the correct answer. This function looks like this:
function NumberSansCommas(numberString) {
return Number(numberString.replace(/[^\d\.\-\ ]/g, ''));
Then, there are two functions that I am going to change. Even though these do the job, if I need reusable code, I will need to change them to use elements of arrays.
The answer function checks the answer and the getQuestion function creates the next question. Both currently use a SWITCH with a case for when the question is #1, 2, etc.The code works but it would be far more re-usable if I replaced those with one or two statements that referenced elements in an array. This is what I almost aways do when I am going to use loops – do 3 or 4 iterations to make sure the code works and then change it to an implicit or explicit loop.
Since, uncharacteristically, I have a meeting in the morning, I’m going to go to sleep and explain the last two functions tomorrow.
Okay, it wasn’t a day, it was more like couple of months, but here is part 2.
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One thought on “Game Design: Reusable Code, Part 1
• RBR
Reading this, I remembered something. Years ago I saw youtube clips comparing methods japan uses to teach math in contrast to methods in the united states. In japan, they try to focus more on students visualizing the process that occurs when numbers are multiplied. Different algorithms are utilized, in theory, to facilitate the learning process and make learning easier. I think a search on youtube for something like “japan multiplication teaching method” might yield more info on this. I wonder how their methods compare to methods used in the united states. And whether educational games might benefit from different algorithms to teach math functions. | <urn:uuid:15f3e5e2-cb6a-4619-8082-7f20cfb8d2c5> | http://www.7generationgames.com/2016/02/17/game-design-reusable-code-part-1/ | en | 0.921743 | 0.13747 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
Futurism As A Piece Of History
Art has been important in all pieces of history in some way or another. Many know of the Renaissance and other movements, or even of pieces such as the Greek sculptures. From Michelangelo to Leonardo da Vinci, many have paved the way for artists of the world to express themselves.
One of these movements was in Futurism. This took place between 1909 and ended in the late 192os in Italy when Filippo Tommaso Marinetti published the “Futurist Manifesto” on February 2oth, 1909. In this, he celebrated “the machine age” and the triumph of technology over nature.
This art movement centered on celebrating advancing technology and urban modernity. They did this by finding the beauty in new machines, change, speed, and violence Many of the artists of the period used traditional media in the uses of painting and sculpture. However, Futurist artists were not distinct with their style. These artists borrowed techniques from Post-Impressionism, Symbolism, Divisionism, and Cubism. Eclectic styles were motivated in this movement. In Italian Futurism, Gino Severini, one of the leading artists, worked in Divisionism. This included breaking down light and colour in stippled lines and dots to create depth in an image.
Umberto Boccioni’s painting -“The City Rises”- was highly Cubist influenced as well as being claimed to be the first Futurist painting because of this. French critics were divided in opinion; some expressed hostility, while others complimented the innovation. One image -“The Technical Manifesto of Futurist Painting”- used fast paced animation in it, whereas a running horse appeared to have twenty legs rather than four. Futurists seen action as a mixture of time and space. Futurism also existed in music. This was noted by sounds created by machinery rather than traditional instruments of the past.
George Antheil is well known in this area by his piece which used humans and machines in synchronization in order to differentiate between the abilities of the two. Luigi Rossolo and Filippo Marinetti were the first to hold a Futurist concert in which the use of “intonarumori” -acoustic noise generators that allowed the artist to control the dynamics and pitch of several instruments- in 1914, however they were unable to perform soon after. This was the beginning of the decline in Futurism, when ltaly entered World War I. Many of the leading artists either joined and were killed in the war or immigrated to other countries.
Futurism continued to inspire artists in Europe, however its impact slowed and declined from where it had been at the beginning. Regardless, Futurism was used to inspire the styles of Art Deco. It may have been a short movement, but its influence moved forward into others.
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Step by step guide on how to set up a solar power unit for a residential house
In the face of greenhouse gases and carbon dioxide emissions that are hurting our ecosystem immensely, clean energy is gaining ground. In the past 150 years, our activities have culminated in damage to the atmosphere in numerous ways. These include ozone depletion, global warming, and so on.
A report by PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency revealed that India’s greenhouse emissions had upped by 4.7% in 2016. On top of this, India witnessed the highest number of deaths due to poor air quality in 2015. About 2.5 million people lost their lives to pollution. This sets the urgency of switching from using harmful sources of non-renewable energy to a clean energy source, such as solar power.
Worldwide, two-thirds of solar PV capacity have been installed since 2011. Fortunately, India has kept pace with the development and growth of clean solar power. Reports indicate that solar power generation in the country increased by a whopping 86% in 2017. In the light of these factors, it is ideal to use solar power not only in commercial units but also residential ones.
Although the costs of a solar power unit have steadily dropped, you can always try the DIY option to keep your budget afloat. Initiatives like are helping professionals with solar installations. However, you can save money by setting up a PV system yourself.
Here is an in-depth look at how you can build and install a solar power unit for your home:
Step 1: Gathering the basic components
It all begins with gathering the basic ingredients of a solar unit. You will need four major items. These include solar panels, charge controller, inverter, and a battery. In addition to these items, you will require a breaker, meter, MC4 connector, and fuses among other things. Keep in mind that it is essential to read the module instructions.
Step 2: Calculating your power usage load
Before getting to the heavy part of the solar installation task, it is crucial to sum up the power that you use at your home. This isn’t rocket science. All you have to do is to note down the home appliances that you use on a daily basis. These include the television, lights, fan, and so on.
Next, add the time for which these appliances run in a day. Moreover, go through the specification chart in your appliances to dig out their power rating. By now, you have a list of all the appliances used daily, their usage duration or run time, and power rating.
In the subsequent step, calculate the Watt-Hour. You can get this by multiplying the run time of an appliance with its power rating. Follow this step for each electrical device, then sum the individual Watt Hour numbers up to learn the grand Watt Hour. You can also simplify this calculation by using an online off-grid load calculator.
Step 3: Selecting and charging the battery
A small hiccup with the solar power is that it doesn’t provide electricity when the sun goes down. The reason behind this is pretty simple- there’s no sun at night. However, you can easily crack this problem by using a battery.
A battery stores solar power generated during the daytime to use it at night. This provides a steady supply of energy. You will need a solar power controller to monitor your battery’s charging. These come between the panels and the battery.
Such controllers are typically armed with a small LED light that announces the charging state of the battery. Plus, it adjusts the power that runs into the battery.
Step 4: Setting up the inverter
Your solar arrays will produce electricity in direct current (DC). However, electrical appliances use power in the form of alternating current (AC). In this context, a device that saves the day is called an inverter. It allows you to use electrical devices without using adaptors.
Inverters come in varying wattages and types including square wave, modified sine wave, and pure sine wave inverters. Of these, a pure sine wave inverter is the best for your solar system. Square waves are not compatible for all devices.
Similarly, the output of modified sine wave is not suitable for certain appliances such as a fridge. This makes a pure sine wave inverter the best choice that is efficient too.
Step 5: Fixing the solar panels
Once the battery, controller, and the inverter are ready, you will have to get started with mounting the solar panels. Select the best spot for the panels on the roof or the ground that receives an unhindered supply of the sun’s radiation.
You can either make a mounting stand yourself or get it from the market. The tilt of the stand should almost be equal to the latitude angle of your location. The setting of the solar panels is critical for the solar operation and maintenance. Hence, it is essential to ensure that the panels face the sun throughout the day.
Once your mounting stand and panels are ready, set them up. Place the panels on the stand and match the holes in the solar panel with the standing platform’s holes. Screw them together to a perfect fit.
In the last phase of this step, wire the solar panels. To this end, you can trace a small junction box at the back of the solar panel. The junction box boasts negative and positive signs of polarity. In a large sized-panel, the junction box has terminal wires too with an MC4 connector.
However, you will have to align the junction box with external wires yourself if you use small solar panels. Use the black and red wire for negative and positive terminal connections, respectively.
Step 6: Wiring the solar panels with the battery
In this step, you need to connect the solar panels with the battery. In certain PV systems, these come paired together, so you don’t have to put in the additional effort. In cases that are not given as a single unit, you need to make series and parallel connections.
You can make a series connection by connecting a device’s positive terminal with another device’s negative terminal. For a parallel connection, you need to connect one device’s negative terminal with another device’s negative terminal and so on.
Step 7: Stands for the inverter and battery and their wiring
Your residential solar unit is incomplete without stands for the battery and inverter. Again, you have the option of building the stands or getting them. Once the allocated positions for the inverter and battery are ready, you can start working on the wiring.
Start with wiring the controller. The first connection from the left is for connecting the controller with the solar panels. The second connection is for pairing the battery with the controller. The last connection is for connecting the controller to the direct DC load connection.
For connecting the solar panel with the charge controller, you will need a separate connector called an MC4 connector. Once the controller is connected to the battery, its LED lights should light up. Moving on, you will have to connect the inverter terminal with the battery’s terminal.
In this regard, join the corresponding negative and positive terminals in the inverter and battery terminals. Be careful with the plus and minus signs though. Confusing these up can result in equipment failure. It may even catch fire.
Wrap up
Following these steps can help you set up a solar power unit at your home. Any costs incurred at this stage can be reaped later on as solar energy is not only clean but also a cost-effective investment.
Author Bio:
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Home Guest Column Aadit Kapadia The Nonchalance of our Society
The Nonchalance of our Society
Tagore literature
The Nonchalance of our Society
10,000 miles away from home –Aadit’s Gujarat Musings
Although it has been more than 4 weeks since we heard about the brutal atrocities inflicted on the poor five year old in Delhi, I chose to write this now because of a tendency that we Indians have.
Outrage, then debate and eventually forget. 15 days after that brutality we have moved to banal things like who will win the IPL and which movie will gross 100 cr. And therein lays the root of all the problems, our tendency to accept the worst as a reality and just move on, the tendency to accept it as a fact of life and forget about it. Why can’t we change the narrative, why can’t we stand up and fight for what is right and what is our right.
The more I talk to the children going to schools in India, the more I find them cynical about what’s going on in the country and nonchalant about the situation. The common issues of corruption, dowry, child marriage, sexual abuse and rapes are assumed as a matter of fact and people don’t think about it after an high profile case goes of the media radar. It is shameful that we as a nation have to be reminded by the media at every instance and have our conscience shaken up by new incidents. So what has led to this situation? Incompetence, indifference or just a mindset.
I think it’s a mixture of all the three and for the narrative to change the change to all of these needs to come from within. There needs to more interaction between the people and the government. By the government, I mean all facets of it, more interaction with the police force, labor groups and politicians. The sense of dread that prevails over a person when they have to approach a government agency needs to go and they need to be secured with a feeling that the government agencies are there to help and not hinder the investigations. There are numerous things that can be proposed as a change in the system and they all need to be done, but I think our nonchalance is the major problem. A lot of people might have forgotten about the girl who was brutalized and the fault lies in our attitudes, we have to be the change.
Since this column focuses on Gujarat, I would like to highlight some issues pertaining to our state. I remember growing up in a state where saving the girl child and security was an issue, which is slowly being dealt with. As far as safety goes I can proudly claim that Ahmedabad is one of the safest metros in the world. Ask anyone who has traveled to Ahmedabad and they will say the same. Am I therefore suggesting that these incidents do not happen in Gujarat, no they do happen, maybe the frequency is less but certainly that does not make these incidents less reprehensible. What needs to happen is a consensus between the government and the public and the disenchantment which is prevalent needs to go. In Gujarat there are schemes like Mission Mangalam and Amrutamyojna which are helping empower women and social issues are being focused upon. We desperately need nationwide schemes such as these. As the Chief Minister Narendra Modi says,” to empower a state the youth must be kept at the centre, and if that happens no one can stop us.” Therefore we the youth have to be the change.
Like many other folks, even I started thinking about other things and focusing on a lot of other issues, but my humble request to all would be that let’s not forget about these atrocities. Focusing on complexities of life and other issues is fine, but try to keep these social issues in discussions as well. This is a wakeup call for us as a society because till we don’t change the narrative, most of the debates and the focus on these issues is not going to change. This column started with the brutal rape of the 5 yr old and delved into the issues of women empowerment because both are significant issues at present. Both have to be tackled soon, because I hope that we do not have another Nirbhaya or another 5 year old subjected to this fate. With that hope I would like to remind the immortal lines of Tagore reminiscent of the India he set to create with that hope that we do the same :
Where knowledge is free
Where the world has not been broken up into fragments
By narrow domestic walls
Where words come out from the depth of truth
Where tireless striving stretches its arms towards perfection
Where the clear stream of reason has not lost its way
Into the dreary desert sand of dead habit
Where the mind is led forward by thee
Into ever-widening thought and action
About the author: Aadit Kapadia is a Gujarati living in the United States. Professionally a Civil Engineer and when not working on structures loves to follow cricket, politics and listen to music. Oh yes, also an avid reader and a foodie. Willing to go miles for a good bite of food;-)
Twitter : https://twitter.com/ask0704
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Books: by Title: Buffalo's Waterfront: Images of America series
The history of Buffalo, New York, is intimately bound with its waterways. Located for generations at the easternmost navigable end of the upper Great Lakes and the western terminus of the Erie Canal, Buffalo nourished fast as a commercial hub, then as a center of major industry, all due largely to its location.
Buffalo was the birthplace of the modern grain elevator and continues as the leading flour milling center of the nation. It was home to one of the first lakefront steel mills, and was a center for commercial coal and lumber traffic.
A glance through Buffalo's Waterfront provides crystalline views of bygone days. The images within cover the period of Buffalo's major economic strength from the immediate post-Civil War period through the 1950s. Memories captured by photographs abound on every page, showing wooden grain elevators and cargo docks, whaleback steamers and two-masted schooners, Erie Canal shanties and their inhabitants, and tranquil summer days aboard passenger steamers plying the waterways for all to enjoy.
With Buffalo's Waterfront, Tom Leary and Elizabeth Sholes have created a nostalgic journey into Buffalo's days of yesteryear. Drawing from the collections of the Buffalo and Erie County Historical Society, they have conspired to produce a visual history that is sure to delight historians and casual readers alike.
ISBN: 978-0-7385-5784-7
128 pages
200+ photos
Price: $21.99 | <urn:uuid:fd052111-4a93-45a5-8f1a-14d694799c36> | http://www.wnybooks.com/arc-waterfront.html | en | 0.931284 | 0.021334 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
return to Table of Contents, Managing Mailing Lists, Integrations
Importing addresses from Apple Mail
You can import email addresses from Apple Mail one at a time or in bulk. To import one at a time, just drag and drop the email address from Apple Mail into your address list. Here is a short video demonstrating how to do this:
Importing in Bulk
Please remember that opt-in permission is required from each of your recipients before you can email them using Direct Mail. Please be careful in choosing which email addresses to import from Apple Mail.
Due to spamming concerns, bulk importing from Apple Mail is currently available only upon request. Please contact our support team to unlock this feature.
Direct Mail can import the following addresses from Apple Mail: from address, to address, cc address, bcc address, or email addresses found in the body of the message. Here's how:
1. Choose Addresses > Import From > Mail from the menu bar. If Apple Mail is not already open, it will be opened in the background.
2. A list of your email accounts and mailboxes will be displayed. Select the mailboxes you want to import from.
3. At the bottom of the window, check the addresses you'd like to import.
4. Click Import
Apple Mail may be unresponsive while Direct Mail is in process of importing. Please wait for the import to complete before trying to use Apple Mail.
Did you find this article helpful? Yes | No | <urn:uuid:a21f91df-0868-4f96-8f0d-51bb2b1f84a4> | https://directmailmac.com/support/article/210-importing-addresses-from-apple-mail | en | 0.886028 | 0.065684 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
An analysis of MEASURE FOR MEASURE (Shakespeare)
An analysis of MEASURE FOR MEASURE (Shakespeare)
by Dr. Joseph Suglia
No play in the Shakespearean canon is as politically radical as Measure for Measure, suggesting, as it does, that all political authority is corrupt at its core. It is the antithesis of The Tragedy of Coriolanus, Shakespeare’s most reactionary play.
The title, Measure for Measure, is richly ambiguous. It refers directly to the Hebraic and Christian Bibles, in particular, the Sermon on the Mount: “With what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you again” [Matthew 7:2]. This is Jesus’ endorsement of divine justice. While Jesus repudiates the endless cycle of human eye-for-an-eye violence, he has no problem endorsing a divine lex talionis.
In Shakespeare’s play, the character Angelo, who is no angel, makes of himself a figure of divine justice. He is invested with secular authority, as well. Before Vincentio, Duke of Vienna, withdraws from the city, he deputizes Angelo, delegating to him all of the powers of the state:
Mortality and mercy in Vienna / Live in thy tongue, and heart [I:i].
Well, mortality does, at least. But no mercy lives in Angelo’s reptilian heart.
The Duke only pretends to withdraw from Vienna and to migrate to Poland (others say to Russia or Rome); all the while, he remains in the city, disguised as a friar.
In the Duke’s (apparent) absence, Angelo sentences to death a young man named Claudio for lechery. Claudio is betrothed to his beloved Juliet, but their marriage has not yet been consecrated:
[S]he is fast my wife, / Save that we do the denunciation lack / Of outward order [I:ii].
“Outward order” is indeed the problem of the play. She has been impregnated out of wedlock. For this, the sin of fornication, Claudio is to be beheaded.
Angelo is a theocrat who does not distinguish between secular and religious authority. He recognizes no nuance, no degree between offenses. Every crime is equal to him. In accordance with his absolutist morality, all of the bordellos in Vienna are ordered to be plucked down [I:ii]. When the demi-god Authority [I:ii] hammers down on the city of Vienna, it knows no distinction between murder and fornication. Prostitution is a secular and a spiritual offense in Angelo’s eyes. Unlicensed sex is the same as murder and deserves the same penalty as murder:
To pardon him that hath from nature stolen / A man already made, as to remit / Their saucy sweetness that do coin heaven’s image / In stamps that are forbid. ’Tis all as easy / Falsely to take away a life true made, / As to put mettle in restrained means / To make a false one [II:iv].
Angelo’s moralism is anti-sexual, and what is anti-sexual is anti-life. It is also, of course, an unreachable ideal. As Lucio puts it, it is impossible to extirpate human sexuality. You might as well condemn the sparrows for lechery. Pompey’s question (to Escalus) is a propos: “Does your worship mean to geld and splay all the youth of the city?” [II:i]. Indeed, Angelo’s New Vienna is much like Giuliani’s Times Square in the 1990s. Like Giuliani, Angelo would desexualize the city, eunuchizing its populace.
A more measured justice, against the moralistic extremism of Angelo, is represented by Vincentio. And this is the second connotation of the title: As opposed to the absolutism of measure-for-measure religious violence, a more moderate, more measured secular justice is desirable.
There is a third connotation in the play’s title that I would like to illuminate. The entire play is a web of substitutions. Measure for Measure means, in this context, taking one thing for another. Angelo replaces Vincentio—when the surrogate takes the place of the original, disaster results. Ragozine’s head replaces Claudio’s head. Isabella’s virginity would substitute for Claudio’s death. There are linguistic transpositions, as well: Pompey says “benefactor” instead of “malefactor,” “varlets” instead of “honourable men,” “Hannibal” instead of “cannibal,” etc. [II:i].
* * * * *
Claudio asks his sister Isabella (by way of Lucio, friend to Claudio) to prostrate herself before the deputy and plead for his life. He knows the erotic power that she radiates:
For in her youth / There is a prone and speechless dialect / Such as move men [I:ii]
In the city of pimps and whores, brother prostitutes sister. Claudio would be his sister’s procurer. One should recall that “prone” connotes “lying down.” It is unclear what the denotative meaning is supposed to be. “Move” suggests the contagion of sexual desire. Her words would not be a logical appeal, an appeal by reason to reason, but an erotic appeal, an appeal by reason to the libido.
Isabella isn’t a very strong advocate for her brother’s life. “I’ll see what I can do” [I:iv], she tells Lucio. And she gives up far too easily when her petition is rejected. During the first interview with Angelo, she says, weakly, “O just but severe law! I had a brother, then: heaven keep your honour” [II:ii]. After her appeal seems to be rejected during the second interview, she says, unimpressively, “Even so. Heaven keep your honour” [II:iv].
Isabella’s argument for her brother’s life is a biblical one: Hate the sin, but not the sinner. Angelo sees himself as a vehicle for divine law. It is the law, not he, who is responsible for condemning her brother to death. Both Isabella and Angelo depersonalize in their arguments for and against the death penalty as punishment for “illegitimate” sexual intercourse. Here is what Isabella says at the beginning of her argument:
There is a vice that most I do abhor, / And most desire should meet the blow of justice; / For which I would not plead, but that I must; / For which I must not plead, but that I am / At war ’twixt will and will not [I:ii].
Who would consider this a strong appeal for someone’s life? If your brother were sentenced to death, I would hope that you would plead more forcefully. She speaks of her brother’s death with such flippancy that one must question whether or not she even cares if he will die:
The Duke, disguised as Friar Lodowick, says nearly the same thing to Claudio: Be absolute for death, since it is better to die than to live fearing death. The argument is specious.
Like all moralists, Angelo is a sanctimonious hypocrite. When Isabella pleads with the corrupt deputy for mercy, he makes a bargain: Only if Isabella surrenders her body to Angelo’s sexual desires will her brother be released from the death sentence. As commentators have suggested before me, Isabella is more concerned with her own vanity, her narcissistic self-regard, than with her brother’s mortality:
Is’t not a kind of incest, to take life / From thine own sister’s shame? [III:i].
Harold Bloom might have been correct when he asserted that Isabella is unable to distinguish sexuality from incest. Notice that Isabella not only accuses her brother of incest for attempting to recruit his sister as an advocate, but claims that he cohabitated with her cousin [I:iv].
Though her basic position might be an anti-sexual one, others have noticed before me that Isabella uses an erotic language to persuade the corrupt magistrate Angelo:
Go to your bosom, / Knock there, and ask your heart what it doth know / That’s like my brother’s fault. If it confess / A natural guiltiness, such as is his, / Let it sound a thought upon your tongue / Against my brother’s life [II:ii].
Angelo’s aside:
She speaks, and ’tis such sense / That my sense breeds with it [II:ii].
William Empson pointed out, cogently, that the first “sense” connotes reason, while the second “sense” connotes sensuality. Angelo is clearly turned on by Isabella’s coldness (and rationality). The colder (and more rational) she appears, the more he desires her (of course). Isabella wishes “a more strict restraint” than her nun colleagues enjoy [I:iv]. She plays on Angelo’s masochism AND sadism:
[W]ere I under the terms of death, / Th’impression of keen whips I’d wear as rubies, / And strip myself to death as to a bed / That longing have been sick for, ere I’d yield / My body up to shame [II:iv].
There is no question that Isabella is exciting Angelo’s masochism by her refusal to submit to his sexual will. She is quite revealing when she says to Angelo: “I had rather give my body than my soul” [II:iv]. And yet she never gives her body to the reprobate deputy. When Angelo, in one of Shakespeare’s wondrous soliloquies, listens to himself speak, we get a glimpse into the character’s inner experience:
Dost thou desire her foully for those things / That make her good? [II:ii].
The question is rhetorical. Angelo is thrilled by the idea of violating her celibacy. Polluting what is holy and dragging it down into the mud – that is what excites him. He is corrupt. Why shouldn’t everyone else in the world be? I hear in Angelo’s “We are all frail” [II:iv] a failed attempt at identification with Isabella: He can never be as pure as she, so she must become as impure as he.
As I stated at the beginning of this analysis, Measure for Measure suggests that corruption is inherent to the structure of all political authority. The Duke has the same designs as his substitute. After all, both Angelo and Vincentio desire and pursue the same person: the celibate Isabella.
When the Duke visits Friar Thomas, the former quickly waves away the idea that he could ever have a sexual thought:
No. Holy father, throw away that thought; / Believe not that the dribbling dart of love / Can pierce a complete bosom [I:iii].
This is trickery. The Duke might not seem as aggressively amorous as Angelo or as libertine as Lucio, but he does desire women or, at least, a particular woman: Isabella.
Is Duke Vincentio indeed a “gentleman of all temperance” [III:ii]? According to Lucio, “He’s a better woodman than thou tak’st him for” [IV:iii]. A “woodman” is a hunter of women. What if Lucio is telling the truth? And why does the thin-skinned Duke castigate and punish Lucio for having insinuated that the latter has a pulse?
Is the Duke’s self-withdrawal and self-disguising a cunning stratagem to seduce Isabella? This cannot be exactly the case, for the Duke never, in fact, seduces Isabella. He commands her to marry him. And then the Duke compels others to be married, whether they want to be married or not: Lucio is forced to marry the punk Kate Keep-down and Angelo is forced to marry Mariana, whom he abandoned once the dowry was lost. As they enter into compulsory matrimony, the Duke must say goodbye to the “life remov’d” [I:iii] as the novice nun Isabella must say goodbye to her celibacy and dedication to things atemporal.
Isabella never says a word after the Duke compels her to marry him. Her silence is ear-splitting. How are we to understand Isabella’s silence? Is it the silence of shock? The silence of assent? And who is Varrius, and why does he have nothing to say?
Reading the play is like looking into an abyss. Every depth leads to a deeper profundity. It would be impossible to exhaust the meanings that this magnificent play generates.
Dr. Joseph Suglia | <urn:uuid:2840a76a-8df1-4fc7-985d-074a58b6a095> | https://drjosephsuglia.wordpress.com/category/measure-for-measure-essay/ | en | 0.936578 | 0.033621 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
Open main menu
take on (third-person singular simple present takes on, present participle taking on, simple past took on, past participle taken on)
1. To acquire, bring in, or introduce.
The ship took on cargo in Norfolk yesterday.
2. (idiomatic) To begin to have or exhibit.
In the dark, the teddy bear took on the appearance of a fearsome monster.
3. (idiomatic) To assume responsibility for.
I'll take on the project if no one else will.
4. (idiomatic) To attempt to fight or compete with.
I don't recommend taking on that bully, since he's bigger than you are.
• 2016 May 22, Phil McNulty, “Crystal Palace 1-2 Manchester United”, in BBC[1]:
He drifted past four Palace players and took on two more before crossing to the far post, where Fellaini touched on for Mata to score. It was a momentum-shifting moment.
5. (intransitive, colloquial) To catch on, do well; to become popular.
• 1974, GB Edwards, The Book of Ebenezer Le Page, New York 2007, p. 225:
He had enough money to stock it well, and it took on; but the side of the business he did best on was his travelling shop.
6. (intransitive, idiomatic) To show emotion, to grieve or be concerned about something or someone.
• 1851, Herman Melville, Moby Dick, chapter 16
7. To obtain the services of (a person) in exchange for remuneration; to give someone a job.
8. (dated, slang) To have sex. | <urn:uuid:6ef6a52e-c93f-4427-8def-37b5bb4ebaff> | https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/take_on | en | 0.947953 | 0.123784 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
Calculate Equilibrium Output And Profiit
1. Economic profits in a competitive market lead to _________ firms in the industry, causing a(n) ______________ in the industry supply and a(n) ____________ in the market price.
A) more; increase; increase
B) fewer; decrease; increase
C) more; decrease; decrease
D) more; increase; decrease
2. Use the following to answer the question:
What is the equilibrium output and profit?
A) 12 units and $180
B) 12 units and $360
C) 12 units and $120
D) 12 units and $240
These multiple choice questions belong to Economics. The 1st question is about economic profits and the 2nd question is about calculating equilibrium output and profit.
Total Word Count NA
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works fine. | <urn:uuid:52050efe-d8f0-47c9-93a5-fbcaa91786a3> | https://www.helpwithassignment.com/Solution-Library/calculate-equilibrium-output-and-profiit | en | 0.915362 | 0.363667 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
Diana Honey has many interests including snow skiing, hiking, and running; music, the theater, movies, and ballet; but most recently has been confined to the rigors of research!
Diana Honey
Kennesaw State University
Diana Honey has been with Department of History and Philosophy at Kennesaw State University as a Part Time Faculty member since 2005 teaching both World and Modern US History. She has done undergraduate work in Psychology and Music, and has an MBA, both from the University of Miami. Diana Honey completed her Master's in Social Science Education in 2004 at Georgia State University and is currently working on her PhD in Modern World History with an emphasis on Greece, the Eastern Mediterranean, and the Balkan Region, aslo at GSU. Her dissertation combines elements of World and U.S. history in that her subject was a close correspondent of Thomas Jefferson and sought U.S. assistance for the liberation of the Greek provinces that were under Ottoman rule as recently as the early 20th century. Additionally, her dissertation subject, Adamantios Koraes, was an intellectual instrumental in introducing Enlightenment ideas into the Greek provinces, as well as the Balkan Region, developed a language form known as the Katharevousa into the Greek community, secretly translated and distributed many of the classics from Ancient Greek and Latin into the Katharevousa form, and contributed in many other areas.
Additionally, Diana Honey has taught Greek at Georgia State University and is involved in several areas of Greek/Hellenic academic and community life. | <urn:uuid:1d047fbb-47e8-4d26-87da-d3962d932b0e> | https://www.spaceducators.com/users/dhoney440 | en | 0.969343 | 0.0219 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
In the year 20XX, after a brief period of peace, an army led by what appears to be Proto Man storms throughout the world wreaking havoc. One day, Dr. Light turns up missing (he had been kidnapped by "Proto Man") and the only clues left behind to Mega Man are a brief note from Proto Man and his signature yellow scarf. Mega Man wonders why his "brother" is doing this, but with little choice left except to save the doctor, he sets out to stop the madness before it gets out of hand. This time, his Mega Buster has been upgraded slightly thanks to the help of their new ally, Dr. Cossack, and also, Cossack has created a bird friend by the name of "Beat" to join the cause. Cossack serves as Mega Man's mentor since Dr. Light is in captivity and helps him where needed during this quest. | <urn:uuid:43cf541c-7d8e-4452-bca9-f57909626500> | http://nesguide.com/games/mega-man-5/ | en | 0.982381 | 0.160248 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
The phylum is the second highest ranking of animals in standard scientific taxonomy, and is equivalent to 'Division" for Plants and Bacteria. The original Linnaean taxonomy did not define nor have phyla (plural), and the term was ntroduced by Ernst Haeckel. A Phylum is the taxonomic category between Kingdom and Class, a major ranking of organisms, defined according to the most basic body-parts shared by that group. e.g. Chordata (animals with a notochord - vertebrates and others), Arthropoda (animals with a jointed exoskeleton) Mollusca (animals with a rasping radula and shell-secreting mantle), Angiospermae (flowering plants), and so on. Some traditional Phyla like the Protozoa are no longer valid (polyphyletic). According to Bengstrom (1986), a "typical" phylum is a group of organisms of uncertain (or problematic) taxonomic affinities. | <urn:uuid:ab69c0b7-218b-43ce-b062-80d811634b41> | http://www.fossilmuseum.net/glossaries/phylum.htm | en | 0.896129 | 0.421418 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
Plumbing Related
Highly Effective Plumbing Suggestions That Work Effectively
There are easy methods to check your rest room for leaks that can in the end result in nice value savings in the long term. The simplest approach to do this is to pour a small amount of meals dye into the holding tank of your toilet overnight. In the morning, you probably have any color in the basin then you know you will have a leak that wants some consideration. Watch out about using liquid clog cleaners. These liquids can contain chemical substances which might be extremely dangerous in your pipes. As an alternative, use a snake or a plunger to dislodge any clogs you might encounter. Make sure to try these things earlier than giving up and calling a plumber, who will most likely re-carry out those same acts.
When you could not be capable of tackle every drawback that comes up, you can surely really feel more assured about dealing with among the basic stuff. Take any state of affairs step by step, and you’ll find that it is not as tough as you may have thought. Rubbish disposals are a common reason behind plumbing problems, which is an easy downside to resolve. Don’t simply put everything down the disposal or treat it like a second trash can. Use the disposal issues that might be troublesome to dispose of normally. Placing all leftover meals down the sink is an efficient solution to produce clogs.
Don’t flip on your sink whereas utilizing your rubbish disposal. Whereas many individuals suppose that running water along side the disposal will trigger it to work more effectively, it merely isn’t true. However, some recommendation that it might probably forestall rubbish sticking to your disposal, preventing injury. Read your product information for directions. You possibly can examine your rest room for leaks by adding just a few drops of meals coloring, Kool Assist or some coffee grounds to the water in the toilet’s tank (not the water within the bowl). Verify the water in the bowl after a half hour or so. If any of the coloring agent is seen within the water in the bowl, the tank is leaking, and you will have to have it repaired.
Plumbing should only be executed by professionals if there is a major problem or if you don’t perceive plumbing. Lots of the big issues that plumbers cope with, even have simple solutions. The typical individual, who doesn’t understand the intricacies of plumbing, usually end up compounding the problem by causing different costly harm to the house in the course of the failed restore. The plumber will need to be referred to as in the long run, anyway.
At all times test your toilet and make certain it isn’t leaking.
It is a basic rule of thumb that you must change a water faucet each seven years, even if you do not see anything unsuitable with it. Some faucet issues will not be visible to the bare eye, which is why it is so important for them to replaced occasionally. Look online for evaluations of the plumbing contractor you might be thinking of hiring. If people are not happy with the work that the plumber preforms, many occasions they are going to go on the web and put up negative opinions. If they are proud of the plumber they can even publish positive evaluations.
Plumbing is a fascinating and exciting world that’s solely restricted by the extent of an individual’s data. There are lots of potentialities, products, forms of gear, and techniques. Begin experimenting to find something new for your jobs or to be taught one thing new that you could better for your own usage. Change into impressed by the following tips! When you might have plumbing issues be certain you fix them as soon as you possibly can. You can be very profitable if you happen to go through the motions of using the steps you discovered to information you. It would now be easier to tackle a project by your self or with knowledgeable.
Wait until a job is completed earlier than you pay for it. A plumber may ask you for part of the cash before starting the job but you need to by no means pay greater than half. Understanding that the plumber carried out all companies, as promised, will be good to your peace of thoughts and your wallet. Being unprepared for a plumbing downside can really make an already dangerous scenario worse. Everyone must be prepared for frequent plumbing issues, and have the instruments at hand. This suggestions shared right here will will let you deal with plumbing points more readily once they happen.
Plumbing is one of those jobs that you shouldn’t do your self. If it is something easy like a bathroom repair or altering out a faucet, go ahead and provides it a attempt. If it is a main restore, then you are higher off hiring a contractor and it might be required to have a licensed plumbing contractor do the be just right for you. That can assist you discover a good plumber, you need to get recommendations from folks whom you belief. Asking a buddy or a neighbor is usually extra reliable than choosing a random plumber out of the cellphone guide. You want a reliable plumber, otherwise you possibly can be in for a much larger downside down the road.
By understanding your plumbing and how it works, as was said earlier than, can save you a lot of money and time. There’s nothing worse than a plumbing accident to mess up your day.
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Brit Shalom
Brit Shalom is considered the beginning of the peace movement in Israel. Its archive is kept in the CZA
Brit Shalom is an unusual and fascinating phenomenon in the history of Zionism. The movement existed for merely a few years, but continues to fascinate the academic community to this day. Founded in 1925 by a group of Zionist intellectuals, it raised the banner of a bi–national autonomy under the British Mandate, where Arabs and Jews would have equal status. The movement's final objective was to found an independent bi–national state in Israel. The members of the movement wished to see a rejuvenation of both cultures - the Jewish and the Palestinian–Arab one, in order to create a frame of reference for a coexistence that would be based on mutual understanding and cultural synergy. They took an interest in studying the Arabic language, in acquainting themselves with intellectual trends within the Palestinian intelligentsia, and above all, were concerned with the question of how the Zionists should approach the Arab population in the country
Arthur Ruppin in Berlin. Underwent several ideological changes regarding the Arab puestionBrit Shalom was founded in 1925, a little after the 14th Zionist Congress, in the home of Arthur Ruppin in Jerusalem. Ruppin, one of the chief organizers of the Jewish settlement in Palestine, underwent several ideological changes in his life regarding the Arab question. In his early years as a Zionist his ideal brand of coexistence was that of a "cultural melting pot", somewhat similar to the vision expressed in "Altneuland' by Herzl. In the following years, as he grew more familiar with the reality in Palestine, he changed his stance, and came to believe that a reaffirmation and revival of both cultures and a mutual national fulfillment of both people would be necessary to achieve harmony and avoid a violent clash. Brit Shalom was founded in this spirit.
Consensual settlement
Perhaps the most important characteristic of the movement, that pinpointed its ideological vision and its operational platform best of all, was its aspiration to reach an agreement with the Arab population regarding Jewish settlement. In this, it became the only Zionist movement that openly acknowledged some sort of Arab ownership of the land. Ahad Ha'am, who championed "spiritual Zionism" which measured its goals against moral standards, is considered the movement's intellectual father.
An ad notifying the public about the publication of the movement's journal, "Our Aspirations"
There was a certain amount of tension between Brit Shalom and institutionalized Zionism, but the movement's members, it's important to note, saw themselves, first and foremost, as Zionists. For them, their vision was the most accurate realization of Herzl's writhing, who spoke of a Jewish national revival as well as peaceful coexistence with the Arabs.
The movement's members weren't numerous, and they came mainly from the intellectual milieu. Some of them held high offices in the Jewish Agency. Amongst the prominent members were Martin Buber, Samuel Hugo Bergman, Gershom Scholem, Henrietta Szold, the High Commissioner Herbert Samuel, and Arthur Ruppin. The personal archives of many of Brit Shalom's members are kept in the Zionist Archives, as are the movement's archive itself. The archives, which comprises mainly of the movement's journal ('Our Aspirations"), and correspondence between the movement's members and people within the Zionist institution, reveal ideological disputes, sometimes heated, but always fascinating. The researcher Anita Shapira defined the 1930's as the period of the demise of the Zionist defensive ethos and the rise of the offensive one. The archive of Brit Shalom, offers a glimpse into the intellectual processes of Zionist thought at that historical transition point.
The document displayed beneath is a letter sent by the movement to people who displayed an interest in its journal. It serves as a "mission statement" and provides an insight into its ideological creed. | <urn:uuid:61dd4892-445a-4382-9daf-89d337fa4ace> | http://www.zionistarchives.org.il/en/AttheCZA/AdditionalArticles/Pages/BritShalom.aspx | en | 0.957326 | 0.065509 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
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Ten Rules for Taking Back Your Life
The weather is turning from summer into fall and with it comes cooler days, longer nights and an initial surge of hurricanes. But you don’t have to see this as all bad news even if the the economy hasn’t come back the way most of us would have wanted. Terrorism continues around the world and corporate scandals are still making front page news but I see a positive side.
My personal belief and the belief that you’ll find throughout my book is that for every bad thing that happens, there is a corresponding good thing to be found – if you let yourself see it.
Taking back your life is a matter of deciding that you’re in the driver’s seat, not someone else. It doesn’t matter if the economy’s bad, you can’t go on a super special vacation this year or you are feeling lonely, everything has a positive side. Here are my ‘rules’ for turning things around for yourself, rather than waiting for something or someone to do it for you.
Life ‘Rules’
1. Challenge yourself to use every ‘bad’ thing in your life as a new beginning.
2. Find the ‘good’ in everything that you can.
3. Don’t expect the good things to be readily apparent. It may take a few days, weeks or even months before you finally see them.
4. Allow yourself to realize your true power. This doesn’t mean pushing people around, but looking for your hidden skills.
5. Talk to yourself. Talking to yourself is a very powerful tool to use and it can help you increase your motivation and your ability to stick to a task.
6. Stop expecting others to solve your problems. Even if you lost your job, it’s an opportunity to look in a new direction, to acquire a new skill and to blaze a more pleasurable path in life.
7. Throw out that ‘yes, but’ expression from your life. It’s just a way of keeping yourself stuck in the mud.
8. Take a good hard look at what you’d really like in life and sit down and begin making a list that outlines the steps you need to take. Not everyone needs to go to college to be happy. Find out where your happiness lies, if you don’t want to go back to school. Abraham Lincoln did just fine with his self-learning plan.
9. Beware of the negative people in your life. Pointing out the problems is fine, but some people only see doom and gloom and they can’t be very helpful, unless you find that helpful.
10. Remember that every road has unexpected turns and that any plan must be one that allows for some give and take. If there’s one word for your plan to take back your life, let it be ‘flexible’ and go from there.
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Venezuelan Central Bank Sells Gold In Secrecy
September 26, 2012
34 Responses to “Venezuelan Central Bank Sells Gold In Secrecy”
1. zubiar Says:
hi i have some Venezuelan bolivar i exchange with gold and american dollar please contact with me ,
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3. alexander Says:
Moctavio, there are far better arguments to analize and explain such issue of selling monetary -reserve- gold. Nothing to do with repatriation, or hiding the sale, the IFS from IMF, every month, publishes the stock of gold of every country in the world -if member of IMF- since the monetary gold market is fully regulated by IMF. Reading those statistics every month, every economist or financial analist must read them, we find the stocks level. WGO as well takes care. As well as BIS (Bank of International Sttlements) from Basilea, Switzerland, a kind of “central bank” of central banks.
4. Rene Says:
These guys ran out of cash, this explains why the black market for dollars has been dry for the last few months and the delays in cadivi/sitme. There will be shortages and rampant inflation in the next few months. These incompetetnt cleptocrats not only blew over a trillion dollars but they are leaving us heavily indebted.
5. Odette Says:
I dont think they sold it.. this much would have made more of a difference in the market value. Just like when Portugal, trying to get out of debt card, sold some of its reserve… look under Fidels bed … it maybe there…. (get-a-way-buy-my-protection-reserve)… just a thought
• NorskeDiv Says:
Portugal sold a big chunk at once. Chavez will probably follow the same path of Peron and gradually sell the reserves a little bit at a time. Furthermore, the quiet nature of this sale prevents the market from reacting in the same manner.
Chavez will also probably fellow Peron’s example and sell gold as “new production” from Venezuela’s gold mines – watch carefully for any surprising increase in Venezuela’s gold production. Gold is the worst asset for an unreliable government to hold, by its nature it is fungible, can be melted down and enter the general market with no one the wiser. Venezuelans would be much better off having government reserves in the form of Chinese or US bonds, whose sale is necessarily public and traceable.
Gold is the most secure asset in a stored value sense, but the least secure in any other sense.
6. oso negro Says:
Saw an AN-124 really straining to get into the air about 6 weeks ago from BLA. This was my first thought; heavily laden with gold, but then I don’t think there is gold being kept in BLA or PLC.
7. island canuck Says:
Miguel Angel Santos @miguelsantos12
Dada la caída de 12.7 toneladas (3.2%) de reservas en oro desde dic-2010 hasta ago-2012, es evidente que el BCV vende más de lo que compra
The difference appears to be some 12.7 tons since 2010
8. Ronaldo Says:
That makes total gold reserves worth about $18 to 19 billion dollars. It is all unaccountable. Chavez and his 40 thieves could walk away with it all. This may become the biggest gold theft in the history of the planet. Chavez brought the gold to Venezuela so he could steal it easier.
Just look at Chavez caressing a gold bullion bar with a shit-eating grin in this photo-http://wtaq.com/news/articles/2011/aug/23/venezuelas-chavez-says-gaddafi-still-libyas-leader/ Chavez knows he just hit the biggest jackpot ever. This is not the people’s gold, it is all for Chavez.
Some may go to Cuba, but more will go to Iran, North Korea, and Chavez family Swiss Bank accounts.
9. Roy Says:
We are going to have to face it. Capriles will inherit a government with no reserves, empty bank accounts, failing infrastructure, and a mountain of debt.
• Pedrop Says:
Well that’s what happens when a DGI recruit makes his way to the top. Don’t expect the best I suppose.
• Mike Says:
If he succeeds in stabilizing the country politically, and if he goes economically predominantly “invisible hand / Smith”, the private investment that will flow back into Venezuela will far outweigh the temporary financial problems of the government. Venezuela is indestructible, if it’s resources are used properly.
• Roy Says:
I agree. Venezuela can be rebuilt. We just shouldn’t have any illusions about how fast it will happen, and what the impediments to progress will be. The new government is going to have its work cut out for it.
10. Maynard Says:
Wait a minute. I’m surprised at moctavio. 362 tons of gold is a huge amount, probably the total quantity in BCV’s vaults (see world-gold-reserves) . And their value is more like $18 bn than $180 M…
11. Mediocriollo Says:
Miguel, the $ amount is correct, but they sold 3.7 tonnes leaving them with 362 tonnes.
12. bobthebuilder Says:
Where is the rest? Adourning some palacial Simon Bolivar-esque residence?
13. Roger Says:
Why buy Venezuelan Bonds when you can buy Gold? Wonder what the exchange rate was?
14. Andres F Says:
I’m surprised they have only sold 1%. I guess if Chavez didn’t feel certain about winning the elections, he would have sold more by now.
15. cacr210 Says:
Misión raspando la olla.
16. Dr. Faustus Says:
Let me point out what is really scary here. Why did the central bank feel the ‘need’ to sell their gold assets? No more money left in Fonden? Bandes? The selling of even a small amount of gold describes a government with a ‘pawn shop’ mentality. Wow.
17. Carolina Says:
We all knew this was going to happen when they brought the reserves back to Venezuela. How sad is that.
18. Luisa Mosquera Says:
unbelievable!!!! by the time Capriles takes over in january, they will have probably taken it ALL over to Cuba!!!
• CharlesC Says:
“they will have probably taken it ALL over to Cuba!!!” When you have no accountability and trust, all that is left is rumors and conspiracy theories.
I believed one concerning Chavez and the gold and I think maybe that explains why things happened the way they did:
The Pope visiting Cuba-was not going to meet Fidel Castro, was not going to meet Chavez. But, he did- and some claim the Pope “gave Castro and
Chavez his blessing” ( couldn’t bless Raul, though- haha).[ Seriously, Chavez seems to buy everyone -Kirchner, even maybe Santos to a degree…the list is long.] Anyway, that really disgusted me- the Pope playing around with two of the most evil men on the earth, I believe..
Back to reality- who bought the gold?
• CharlesC Says:
Sorry for not clarifying- the rumor is/was that Chavez donated a large amount of gold to the Catholic Church on behalf of himself and Castro.
• leo Says:
Where is your proof for this rumor? and what makes you think the Pope can be bought? And that the Pope would give his blessing too these men? The Pope has done a lot of good and sacrificed his life to serve God and for people what makes you think he would throw away all his years and years of work for some gold? Sounds to me like you have an Anti-catholic bias!
19. Mike Says:
Watch out for your gold fillings in your teeth. They may be expropriated.
20. NicaCat56 Says:
I can hear the PSF’s already screaming, “Conspiracy!”, “Meddling!”, “Injerencia!”…
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How to Avoid Spyware
Other Types of Malware
In addition to spyware, there are other kinds of invasive programs that can make your computing life miserable, so it's worth it to take a moment to define a few terms:
Malware: Short for malicious software, malware is a catch-all phrase used to define any program that runs on a computer without the user's knowledge and performs predetermined functions that cause harm. In that sense, spyware can also be malware.
Adware: Similar to spyware and malware, in that it resides on a computer without the user's knowledge, adware specifically refers to programs that display pop-up advertisements. The subject matter of the ads is often based on surfing habits, but may also be tied to a specific advertiser.
Virus: As the name implies, a virus is a program that is designed to spread itself among files on a single computer or computers on a network -- usually the Internet. Often, crackers (hackers with malicious intent) create these programs just to see how far they will spread. Unfortunately, even a supposedly harmless virus can have a serious effect on processing and network operations.
Worm: Similar to a virus, a worm spreads itself around a network. Worms, however, do so by making copies of themselves as they spread. They also may be capable of changing their profile to avoid detection.
Trojan: Like the infamous horse of Greek mythology, the computer version takes on the appearance of something benign, such as an update or add-on to an actual program. Once on your computer, it may perform harmful functions such as erasing your hard disk or deleting all your image files. Like spyware, a Trojan may also gather information and send it to the developer.
Cookie: While cookies aren't really malware, they can be used in similar ways. Cookies are small data files used by Web sites to store information on your computer. For example, a shopping site may want to identify items you've looked at, but not purchased, or store data on current purchases until you head for the checkout. A less scrupulous site, however, may decide to look through your cookies for personal information, such as recent sites you have visited.
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Drug Detox Centers in Everett, MA
Overcoming the physical dependency on drugs or alcohol is no easy task, but with drug detox centers in Everett, MA, addiction sufferers can undergo a safe detoxification process complemented by treatments that reduce the severity of withdrawal symptoms. Drug and alcohol rehabs in Everett have the experience to help people addicted to alcohol or any type of drug. These substances can and will take a toll on physical and mental health, but with drug detox treatment, sufferers can achieve long-term recovery. Individuals who want to end their reliance on alcohol or drugs should check out drug detox programs in Everett. Many individuals who have entered drug detox for addiction are living sober lives today.
What Is Drug Detox for Addiction?
Drug detox is the process by which an addiction sufferer is weaned from alcohol or drugs. Some people may only require detox for a few days, while others may need to spend a few weeks in a drug detox treatment facility for this process. It's important for addiction sufferers to remember that addiction is a multi-type disease. This means that its dependencies are not only physical in nature. Aside from the physical dependency associated with drug and alcohol addiction, there are also profoundly powerful psychological and behavioral dependencies that must be addressed. Drug detox treatment does not address the mental and behavioral aspects of addiction; it only addresses the physical component of the disease. Of course, overcoming the physical dependency is a huge hurdle and one that can propel sufferers along their road to recovery.
What Happens during Drug Detox Treatment?
At drug detox centers in Everett, addiction sufferers will first be evaluated to determine their health care needs. While detox is almost always required for addiction, it may not be necessary for someone who abused drugs or alcohol; other therapies may be more beneficial for them. Moreover, a careful evaluation can determine if the addiction sufferer also has an underlining mental health disorder. About a third of all addiction sufferers also suffer from anxiety, depression, or another mental health condition that also requires treatment.
Drug detox centers in Everett usually begin quickly after the assessment process. Addiction sufferers are made as comfortable as possible as they undergo this process. Withdrawal symptoms may begin as mild, but they can quickly escalate in severity. Healthcare staff monitors each patient so that they can provide medications that reduce the intensity of these symptoms. Some medications may even shorten the duration of the drug detox treatment process. Drug detox centers are staffed by caring therapists, addiction specialists, and other healthcare providers that are adept in addiction medicine. With proper care at a drug detox treatment centers, sufferers can get through this process safely and with the best possible care. Addiction Treatment in Everett is key to a successful future of sobriety.
Withdrawal Symptoms and Drug Detox Programs
The thought of going through withdrawal scares many addiction sufferers. Withdrawal can be painful and incredibly unpleasant to endure. However, these symptoms can be greatly lessened with high-quality medications treatments. During drug detox in Everett, it's not uncommon for people undergoing detox to experience headaches, tremors, insomnia, loss of appetite, and nausea. With treatments, these symptoms can be warded off entirely or reduced in severity with medications.
In addition, some addiction sufferers may require IV therapy to ensure that their loss of appetite doesn't lead to dehydration or reduced vitamin/mineral intake. Sufferers should never attempt to detox at home as severe withdrawal symptoms can possibly trigger health complications like heart irregularity, thoughts of suicide, or seizures. There's no way to note from the beginning how intense withdrawal can be, so it's essential to ensure medical detox at a safe and professional center for drug detox.
Why Enter a Center for Drug Detox in Everett, MA?
Studies show time and time again that addiction sufferers cannot overcome the disease of addiction without treatment. Even with treatment, recovering individuals must work hard to prevent relapse. Drug detox for addiction and other addiction therapies provide addiction sufferers with the help they need to successfully achieve long-term recovery.
Many addiction sufferers believe they have their drug use or alcohol problem under control. Too often they wait to get help until a serious situation arizes as a result of their addiction such as a job loss, relationship trouble, or health crisis. As soon as the presence of addiction is noted, the sufferer should seek care at a drug detox treatment facility. As with other diseases, beginning treatment sooner rather than later is highly beneficial. Of course, whether you've suffered from addiction for months or years, you can safeguard your future health and well-being with drug detox centers in Everett and subsequent addiction therapies. Call Everett Drug Rehab Centers now for help (617) 514-7044.
Get Started on The Journey To Recovery Today!
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When to Start Body-Feminizing Hormones
On a forum, someone asked a question about the pros and cons of starting body-feminizing hormones before vs. after publicly coming out as a trans girl. Here’s what I replied … and some additional thoughts.
I started on hormones maybe two or three years in, and I’m glad. The amount of Spironolactone I was on eventually ended up affecting my mental well-being because my blood electrolysis was way off before the routine lab tests caught that. Meanwhile I was putting on more weight than I wanted to, and I was feeling glum and non-sexy. I made some pretty bad decisions while in this mode. At the time I was looking fairly good, I’m told, even though mentally I felt bad. Normally I’m brave, energized, logical and highly sexual, so feeling mentally fragile, asexual and lacking energy … that was a starkly new unpleasant experience for me.
In retrospect, I’m glad it happened because I ended up with a lot more empathy with girls whose bad day begins even before, if ever, she gets out of bed, due to her mental state being “I feel icky.” Ironically by now I understand the mindset so well that someone new, lovely and wonderful ended up becoming a delightful romantic partner after I won the debate about whether or not she was at her core, unlovable due to her unusual brain — ironic since she is sweet, thoughtful, kind and giving. To some extent, I could relate to how she felt bad. I could accept her, and comfort her — and we could talk about how she felt in a way that ended up being a catalyst for her making several changes in her life, as a result of which she ended up much happier and healthier.
So, there was much silver lining to this cloud, but a huge and dark cloud it nevertheless was. Had I also looked awkwardly masculine at the time, it would have been much harder for me, I’m sure.
The Phrase “Genetically Integrated Girls” in 2017
In this blog, in 2012, I discussed this phrase and why I coined it. I consider it to be a more-descriptive synonym of “cisgirls.” But, two relevant events occurred within the last 24 hours so I figured I might as well update my blog as to this subject.
I’m basically shy so before I go to a party, I have to really get into the mindset for being optimized as to that sort of interaction. Once I do so, I tend to do well. By conscious design, I’m never the life of the party, but I try to be the sort of guest who would be likely to be re-invited. Also, I make a point of enjoying the event, mostly by finding and connecting intellectually with someone like-minded, ideally another cerebral shy girl.
As so often happens, there’s some initial frivolity and then the sun sets, the children go to bed, some of the people leave and whoever remains sits in a circle and discusses serious things that tie into their common values. The primal equivalent of this type of event probably had a crackling fire in the middle of the circle of people who were sitting down. The event last night was more modern, but the feel was the same. This “serious conversation” mode is the part I value most.
The subject of sexual attraction and gender came up. This wasn’t completely surprising since this particular party was at the home of an exceptionally open-minded friend of mine, and the people sitting in the circle included two trans girls, including myself.
One of the gentlemen present was a little perplexed as to the delineation between gender and sexual attraction, and a generally enlightening and very positive conversation ensued. Even so, I noticed how he initially had seemed especially confused by the term “cis” as in “cisgirl.” I suspect that if the term had been “genetically integrated girl” then it might have been less confusing.
Then, this morning, one of my other friends inquired via email as to how I’m doing. He’s a part-time rabbi in the sense that when the official rabbi isn’t available, then my friend temporarily officiates. One of the cerebral shy girls on whom I’m focusing my energy happens to be Jewish, and I’d mentioned that particular news item to him long ago, so he sometimes inquires about her. Today he asked me whether she was born female or trans.
That got me thinking. I don’t consider those two concepts to be mutually exclusive. So, the email conversation got more analytical, and in trying to explain how I understood things, I mentioned the phrase “genetically integrated girl,” for which he asked a definition. I love how precisely my friend thinks.
My reply is below. I then asked him if my reasoning made sense to him, and I gather it did. So, that’s good.
* * *
As to “genetically integrated” — as I understand things, when a fetus is developing there is very little difference between typical boys and girls, with the two differences being:
1. the brain structure
2. the plumbing and reproductive organs
Normally, these match (both male, or both female) but not always. In my case, they didn’t. I was born with a female brain structure and male plumbing and male reproductive organs.
What does that make me? Which one is the more fundamental, and logically should be used to classify my gender? The brain structure. It’s where thought, values, emotions, judgement, personality and character reside. It’s the basis of someone’s identity. You could remove someone plumbing and reproductive organs and he or she would still basically be who they were before — but remove the brain and not just is the person’s personality and character gone, but the person is also immediately dead. My point is, the brain is vastly more important.
Too often, the brain structure is downplayed in conversations about the trans girl paradigm. Some conservatives completely dismiss it from consideration. They are strictly focused on the plumbing and reproductive organs as to classifying someone as male or female. I consider their approach to be logically flawed since the brain is so important a factor.
Some people refer to trans girls as having been born a boy. I’m aware of no scientific basis for concluding that girls like me were born with a male brain structure that then flipped to female. So, everything I was born with, I still have, and so I’m no more or less boy or girl than when I was born. That includes having a female brain structure. That’s why I consider the “trans girls were born a boy” premise to be logically flawed, too.
Some people refer to trans girls as being biologically boys. I think like a girl because of my female brain structure, and that is no less biological than my plumbing or my reproductive organs. My female-structured brain is what makes me a girl, and it is part of my biology. That’s why I consider the “trans girls are biologically boys” premise to be logically flawed, too.
My take on it is that, as to the born-with-it parts that can be male or female, i.e.,
1. the brain structure
2. the plumbing and reproductive organs
… as to gender, these either match or they don’t.
• When they don’t match, the person is called “trans” and I’m fine with that terminology.
• When they do match, the person is called “cisgender” though I consider the synonym “genetically integrated” to be more descriptive.
Me, Writing To The Nevada Legislature
A friend of mine is a kick-ass trans girl who has asked me to write a letter in favor of an upcoming Bill that will ban so-called “conversion therapy” — which, when you strip away the thin layer of patronizing sugar-coating in the name of the relevant deity, essentially consists of pressuring trans people to pretend we’re not trans people. So, yes, I have a problem with so-called “conversion therapy.” My friend gave me some more reason to dislike it:
“SB 201 goes to Assembly Committee on Wednesday, April 19th
This bill intends to eliminate Conversion Therapy from being performed on LGBTQ children in Nevada. The bill has been slightly modified since the last committee hearing, simplifying some of the language, and clarifying who is banned from engaging in this practice.
We need your help in submitting your stories and/or support of this bill. Remember Leelah Alcorn, Leelah wrote that when she told her mom about being transgender, her mother “reacted extremely negatively, telling me that it was a phase, that I would never truly be a girl, that God doesn’t make mistakes.” Leelah wrote that she was subsequently taken to Christian therapists, who reinforced the notion that being transgender was “wrong.” In an interview with CNN, Leelah’s parents claim they were loving parents, and that they just wanted to do the best for their child. Her mother Carla said that she took Leelah, who she referred to as Josh, to a psychiatrist, who prescribed medication, and that her child was depressed but only talked to her once about being transgender.
Unable to endure the effects of social isolation and the stress of conversion therapy, Leelah stepped in front of a Semi-Truck on an interstate highway, on December 28, 2015. Conversion therapy is unconscionable. It should rightfully be called what it is: child abuse. It is banned in California, New Jersey, and Washington, D.C., and legislation is pending in other states. It should be illegal in all states, and those who break the law should be locked up.”
* * *
I’m now sufficiently motivated, so here’s my letter:
April 15th, 2017
From: Tanya Charbury
Fallon, NV 89406
To: The Honorable Michael Sprinkle, Chair
Assembly Health and Human Services Committee
Nevada Assembly
401 South Carson Street
Carson City, NV 89701
Dear Chairman Sprinkle:
I’ve lived in Nevada since the 1990s. I happen to be one of your trans girl constituents so I’m writing to provide some intellectual ammunition in favor of SB 201, currently under debate, on the subject of so-called “conversion therapy” so that this irrational activity might be declared illegal once and for all.
You have probably received many letters describing the negative effects on trans people who are subjected to this sort of abuse, but my approach is different.
I’m a free-market girl but even so I recognize that there are a great many consumer protection laws, and I can understand why these have been passed. If a restaurant kept selling food that poisons its customers, or a shoe store kept selling shoes that mangle the feet of its customers, there’s a problem. Similarly, since so-called “conversion therapy” causes significant and demonstrable harm, there’s similarly a problem – yet worse since depression and suicide are far more severe than throwing up, having the runs or having mangled feet. On the basis of consistency to that principle alone, under consumer protection laws, so-called “conversion therapy” should be made illegal.
However, there’s a more fundamental-yet problem with it, and a stronger argument yet, for making it illegal. Its basic premise has been scientifically invalidated. Autopsies have shown that trans girls have the essential brain structure of a genetically integrated girl. In other words, while they were alive, trans girls thought and felt and lived as girls because as per their brain structure, they WERE girls — is what the autopsies showed. Having a female brain structure is not a defect requiring fixing by so-called “conversion therapy.” It’s simply a biological mutation, and no amount of bullying or intimidation can undo that, nor should it try. You might as well start bullying people who are born unusually tall with “slouch therapy” and consider that legitimate.
Imagine that, for example, your mother were subjected to so-called “conversion therapy” on the notion that she should think and behave like a man, and this would be a way to get her to do so. It’d be fundamentally silly since she is a woman and should simply be left in peace to live her life as the women she is. I emphasize: having a female brain structure is not a defect.
Similarly, trans women are women. Most of us grew up with a regrettable abundance of testosterone, so most of us do not look or sound as feminine as if we’d gone through puberty on estrogen, but our brain structure is nevertheless female. That’s what makes us female – our brain structure, not our imagination or delusions, which is the basic (and fundamentally flawed) premise of so-called “conversion therapy.”
Many trans girls initially tried to fit into guy culture during our most formative decades, because as children we were told we were male, so we learned male mannerisms. For that reason, we might not move as gracefully as most genetically integrated girls do, but yet again that doesn’t detract from the point that our brain structure is fundamentally female.
When judging the gender of a barnyard animal, it’s probably fine to turn it upside down, look at its plumbing and decide. For humans, that’s a flawed approach because by now it’s a matter of scientifically proven fact that some humans are born with “outie” plumbing yet a female brain structure.
What most fundamentally defines the essence of a human? The ability to write one’s name in the snow, or one’s brain: the center of thought, speech, decision, emotion, personality, character? So if someone has, like I do, a female brain structure, isn’t she fundamentally female? Isn’t her shape “down there” immaterial, in light of the scientific evidence, interpreted in the context of common sense?
Sending a trans girl to so-called “conversion therapy” will do about as much good as sending a genetically integrated woman there. However, it can do much harm. A genetically integrated woman, presented with the notion that so-called “conversion therapy” will make her think like a man, would immediate dismiss the notion as the nonsense it is.
However, trans girls tend to be more fragile. We have typically been bullied and pressured for decades on this subject, so it is a sore point for us. For some of us, so-called “conversion therapy” might just be the last straw, especially when we’re young. So even though so-called “conversion therapy” is nonsense, it’s harmful nonsense.
So, that’s my second basis for objection to so-called “conversion therapy”. It is a fundamentally nonsensical approach. It’d be like someone claiming to serve hygienic restaurant food that consists of raw sewage, or someone who claims they can get one’s feet to be comfortable and healthy by forcing them into shoes three sizes too small. There’s simply no logical way it could ever work. It can, and does, however, do harm. The examples of the restaurant and the shoes seem silly today; no reasonable person would tolerate that for one instant. Perhaps, with your help, in the future we’ll be able to look back at so-called “conversion therapy” and classify it similarly.
The existence of trans girls is a matter of biological fact. Even so, I understand only too well that the existence of trans girls does make some people uncomfortable. By typical standards, some of us are a peculiar mix to behold in a social setting. I’m an example of that. By typical-girl standards, I’m too tall, I have a jaw line too much like Rambo and my voice is too deep. In decades past, trans girls have too often hidden that we’re trans even if that meant living a lie, and hiding our true nature as a shameful secret. However, it’s not reasonable that trans people should hide the fact that we’re trans just because someone else doesn’t like seeing trans people around. You might as well expect white people in downtown Oakland to smear on blackface grease because some black people don’t like to see white faces. It’s not reasonable. However we’re born, that’s the hand we were dealt. We get to play it as best we can, and so-called “conversion therapy” weighs in on the side that trans people should hide who we are, for example: trans girls should pretend to be men. Such a notion is unreasonable, harmful and fundamentally flawed.
I’ve focused on trans girls, but as I understand the issues, the same principles apply to trans men, too, with the genders simply being inverted. Due to their brain structure, trans men are simply guys, albeit guys who can’t write their names in the snow.
Tanya Charbury
Art as Inspiration
A few years ago, I felt supremely awkward as to functioning socially. I already knew that I am a cerebral shy person with all of the social challenges that this implied, plus then I found out that I’m a trans girl too. It was good news to me that I wasn’t crazy and that there was a simple, genetic-mutation explanation for all the girlish feelings and thoughts I’ve had all my life, but the challenge of living as a girl openly was very intimidating.
To figure out what to do, and to keep going, I read a lot and looked at many websites, including those with art. I love the work of Boris Vallejo and Julie Bell, but the painting that most spoke to me was one of the trans girl paintings by the very talented Russian artist Dmitrys.
I haven’t been able to afford much facial surgery, obviously, but what little I had done was preceded by me emailing to the surgeon a picture of the main painting on the Dmitrys website. It’s of a lean, muscular, confident girl standing sexily and radiating femininity while wearing a combination of black boots with purple laces, and a combination of blue tights and torn blue-jeans, and a black t-shirt. Her hair is blonde in a feminine style, and she had the tips of her hair dyed pink. I love that picture. I’d love to show it here in full but it’d violate copyright and also get my blog reclassified as R-rated. So here’s a cropped version such as I’d sent to the surgeon:
If you’re 18 or older then feel free to go look at the DmitrysFuta dot com website. I love his work, but it’s not for everyone. Be advised it’s intensely sexy and sexual imagery.
Thanks to hormones and careful eating, I’ve gradually been changing my shape to be more and more feminine and more slender, yet still muscular. My hair is (still) blonde though I’ve had it lightened to the same shade it was when I was 2 years old (with a lock of hair from way back when, to prove it). My hair also has a feminine style.
Yesterday, I realized that I still have some pink hair paint left over from Halloween so just for fun, I painted the tips of my hair pink. It’s still like that today. Today, I was planning to work on removing the automatic transmission from an Audi A6 Quattro — and so, big, heavy metal parts or the entire 300 pound transmission could possibly have fallen on, and crushed, my feet, so I wore my steel-toed black work boots that I’ve adorned with sparkly pink laces so that they look nice. I like to wear black t-shirts for heavy-duty automotive work: they’re hard to stain black with grease because, well, they’re already black. It was also chilly today so I wore tights. I have various sets, and today’s set happens to be a style that simulates torn blue denim jeans.
It was a busy day. Several hours of work on the car and car parts (profession A) were followed by several hours of work making custom database software (profession B) .
Then, within the last hour, I realized that I must today look more like that painting than I ever have. So I looked, and indeed it was so. That inspired a quick, fun, impromptu photo session. I’m posting one of the pictures here.
My progress felt so gradual I hardly noticed, and yet viewed across the span of years, it’s been dramatic. It’s very much not just about the aesthetics. I have learned so much, including how mutually supportive girls of all types, shapes, colors, ages and sizes tend to be for each other. I’ve always been a girl but I didn’t look like one. So now that I basically look like one and show it, it’s all come together.
I feel confident and comfortable in my own skin, so to speak, and it’s a wonderful feeling. My work is thriving as a result, too. I’m happier and vastly more productive even though my stress level is super-low.
Perhaps most importantly, I’m radiantly healthy nowadays whereas a few short years ago I was well one my way to an early grave — and didn’t much care.
I used to focus on cerebral things while neglecting my health and looks. Nowadays, I take a much more balanced approach. I still like understanding things deeply: complex software, complex cars, complex computers, complex ideas and the most complex entity of all: complex girls — whether as friends or more. However, my focus on my mind does no longer mean that my body is being neglected.
So, nowadays, life is good.
Supercharged Femininity in Trans Girls
I’ve just advised a nice (and genetically integrated) lady on a forum. She found out that her boyfriend is secretly fascinated by trans girl porn and now she’s concerned that he’s gay.
Really, they should be talking to each other instead, and maybe he’s “bi” not gay, and there are many other things one can say that might be helpful.
However, the main issue to her is: if a guy is fascinated by trans girls, then does that provide insight into his sexuality so that she (and whomever else) can conclude he’s actually attracted to guys to some extent, sexually?
Superficially, the answer is “of course” because what makes a trans girl a trans girl (as opposed to a genetically integrated girl) is her ability to write her name in the snow. Certainly that’s a useful skill to have. But also, what makes a trans girl a trans girl (as opposed to a guy) is her brain. Isn’t that by far the organ that overwhelmingly most defines who and what a person is? To many people, “outie” as opposed to “innie” plumbing is the defining characteristic of being male. For barnyard animals, that’s probably a good standard. However, since scientists have shown that it’s a matter of hard, validated fact that some humans are born with “outie” plumbing yet female brain structure, so we would be prudent to consider the brain the more fundamentally defining organ since that’s what most makes someone who he or she is.
When I was trying to figure myself out, I saw a really wonderful counselor. Very quickly, she’d helped me reach the point where I could objectively conclude that, wow, indeed, I’m a girl brain-wise. Even so, I wanted to be super-extra-sure so I insisted on more yet, so I did the Stanford BEM gender brain test, whose test results showed that I wasn’t just female but in the 85th percentile, as in: if you put me in a line-up with 19 other girls arranged left to right from least to most feminine, brain-wise, then I’d be third from the right.
Was that a nice bonus for me? No. I should not have been surprised. A trans girl, I am brain-wise so intensely female that I overcame all the “you’re a guy” messages from my parents, my friends, and the square-jawline image in the mirror. In spite of all that, I knew who I was. It just took me a long time to stop denying and evading it. My femininity rose as an unsuppressable force.
For that reason, I consider myself and many of the trans girls I’ve met as hyperfeminine. Our feminity is so strong that we overcame the barrage of opposition we’ve faced on the subject of what gender we are. From our most sensitive years, the most influential people in our lives sent us “you’re a guy” messages and even so we managed to finally rise above that.
In addition, we have typically been immersed in guy culture so that’s all we know, and our bodies are awash in testosterone – and even so, our feminity is so strong that it overcame all of that. We overcame violence, ridicule and risk of ostracism — bottom line, we overcame.
If she’s like me, then by the time a trans girl comes out, she’s typically feeling inadequate and inferior. She tries to compensate by outwardly also being hyperfeminine in how she dresses, what make-up she wears, how she moves, etc. For example, it’s 6 a.m. and I’ve just had to move my car from one parking spot to another, and yet here I sit dressed in sexy 4” heels, a tight-fitting pink top that shows off my boobs, and a cute short skirt. I wore that for the maybe 3 minutes I was outside. Did I hope anyone would see that? No. I would prefer nobody did since I’d rather not raise eyebrows so close to where I live. I dressed this way for myself, to celebrate my femininity.
As to why guys are fascinated by trans girls, here is my opinion after growing up in guy culture: Many guys are intrigued in secret by male-shaped plumbing and anal sensuality. If that makes a guy gay then pretty much every guy on the planet is gay so that’s not a good standard. Let’s dig deeper.
For a guy to be fascinated by these body parts is culturally generally considered a no-no so the guy feels guilty. As a result, we have the necessary raw ingredients for this becoming an obsession. That does not automatically mean that the man is “bi” or gay. Not that there’s anything wrong with him being so, were that the case, but liking trans girls is NOT a way of so deciding.
Trans girls are not male. We’re hyperfeminine at our core. Even so, many guys who date trans girls are ashamed of us and hide us from their friends and family for fear of being branded as a gay guy. It’s all really ironic.
While trying to understand myself, I initially thought that I might be a gay guy so I went to gay male sex clubs to try to figure myself out. I observed that the sexuality between two men is so peculiar that it was completely alien to me. I could not relate at all. Then again, I’ve been in bed with another trans girl and even though we both had “outie” as opposed to “innie” plumbing, the dynamic was 100% feminine. I was simply a girl in bed with a girl.
If a guy were gay then he would have been looking at guy porn, not trans girl porn. Hairy backs and male-shaped bodies would have been his turn-ons, not the smooth skin and feminine shapes of the trans girls in porn. | <urn:uuid:cb3f33b2-7685-47db-8b76-4868df6b7d31> | https://improvedtanya.com/2017/04/ | en | 0.967373 | 0.03149 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
Full 0.4.2 Feedback Post
I've done a couple posts here and there that focused on critiquing specific things I took umbrage with, so it's well past time I spend a bit writing up how I feel about the game (and it's largely positive!). While I generally seem harsh with my criticism, it's intended to be blunt and honest, not a sign of disliking the game itself.
First things first... it runs beautifully on my system, for an alpha client. I'm not running a toaster anymore (though I did fondly name it Battletoaster), but I'm also not running a high-end fully optimized setup. I'm regularly getting smooth 45 frames per second (my eyes are kinda bad, so there's a gap between a lil above 30 fps and 120 fps that I just don't process fully), though it does dip when in a 3 person kill-team and two of us are rocking heavy bolters (which is an absolute blast, pun intended), at the lowest I hit about 15 frames per second, and... well... there was a lot going on. With the "ooo pretty" out of the way, on to...
Balance. I will avoid beating the dead horse as I've made my feelings about shields clear. Instead, I'm going to cover the good. And that's plentiful. No matter what ranged weapon I choose this build, it can fill a role in my playstyle. Grenade launcher? Area denial and debuff prior to jet-packing in and hacking things to bits or laying on obscene amounts of dakka from another weapon. Heavy bolter? Park myself behind a choke point and chew everything up (which gets really entertaining in coop where there are two of you doing this, talk about overlapping fields of fire!). Heavy flamer? Roast those [expletive deleted] nurglings and serve 'em up. Even the humble lasgun gets a chance to shine; and none of them feel inherently "better" or "worse" than others, they all suit a particular style of play. And that right there is where Martyr really starts to truly shine. While I'm disappointed I haven't found an upgraded chainsword, in group play it is no longer an irrelevant piece of equipment--someone debuffs/stuns a fleshy foe, and I ram the thing in its gut until it stops twitching. Or I shield charge through a clump of warlocks. Etc, etc. It's not often that I get to feel like a particularly relevant party member, because in many ARPGs players become very good at being self-sufficient; not to mention gear-twinking causing large gaps in power between similarly leveled players. Not so much in this build, and that's a good thing. No, that's a great thing.
Outside of the thunder hammer and multi-melta, I've dabbled with just about everything available to the Crusader. The passive skills take some time to really "show", but when they're noticable they're really noticable, and make enough of a difference to change how you approach a room.
For example: currently, with my tank, I'm (finally) tanky enough with the addition of a refractor field I can park myself outside of cover to provide supporting fire. This is really surprisingly useful in coop when coupled with my jump pack, as that extra health means I can jump to flank enemies and pour fire on while they're focused on other players, and then retreat quickly (thanks to the bonus focus) when their attention turns to me. This evening that meant having a blast doing things one reads about in the novels (because honestly, jump packs have always been underwhelming in the tabletop)--standing firm against a not-insignificant daemon, mooshing renegades under my (apparently weighty) boots, and generally causing a ruckus. Spot on.
Finally, your netcode. There are very, very few games forgiving enough of my net's latency that I can contribute, let alone survive in... and none of them are alphas. There are some hiccups, no doubt. I had to force-quit in order to resynch a few times tonight, but given that I was able to binge three or four solid hours of coop in CR3 content (which I cannot solo yet) without a single disconnect, it's pretty solid. There wasn't much in the way of rubberbanding, and outside of those desynchs I didn't experience the usual "mobs are immune to my attacks/I am dead before I even saw the enemy" issues.
So, all in all, a very positive experience and I'm looking forward to seeing what comes from it in the future; and I will definitely be springing for copies to give to friends in the coming months.
Store Page
Full 0.4.2 Feedback Post | <urn:uuid:ab1cbb40-2bae-4202-807d-a2e70b2dc925> | https://neocoregames.com/en/community/hub/full-042-feedback-post | en | 0.966428 | 0.211208 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
By Kevin Klatt
The National Academies of Science, the World Health Organization, The American Association for the Advancement of Science, the European Food Safety Authority and Food Standards Australia New Zealand are just a few of the international organizations that have position papers on the use of genetic engineering as it applies to food. These reports all conclude that genetically modified foods present no unique safety threats compared to traditionally bred crops and/or have not been linked to detrimental human health outcomes (the Genetic Literacy Project has a nice infographic depicting these organizations here). Notably missing from this extensive list are, oddly, nutrition organizations.
Two of the major American nutrition organizations are the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (AND) and the American Society for Nutrition (ASN). The AND does not currently have a position on genetic engineering; however, its member center (1) informs us that a new Evidence Analysis Library paper entitled “Advanced Technology in Food Production” is due to come out soon. ASN does not have an official position paper on genetic engineering, either. Rather, genetically engineered foods are briefly mentioned in two of their publications: “Processed Foods: contributions to nutrition” (2) and “Nutrition Research to Affect Food and A Healthy Lifespan” (3).
At a time when misinformation about genetically engineered crops is all too common in the public discourse, it seems rather odd that neither of the two largest nutrition organizations are providing guidance on or actively engaging in this topic of conversation. Nevertheless, the conversation continues on without nutrition. A quick look at the agenda (4) for the upcoming National Academies workshop on January 15-16th entitled “When Science and Citizens Connect: Public Engagement on Genetically Modified Organisms” highlights this disheartening reality: no one representing the field of nutrition is scheduled in the line-up of speakers or presenters.
There are likely many reasons why nutrition has abstained from the conversation. Genetically engineered foods inherently address wildly interdisciplinary concepts: everything from sustainability, to agricultural economics and plant genetics. Nutrition is certainly a piece of the puzzle, but it is not the whole thing. Alternatively, maybe we were not invited to the conversation. It only takes a few seconds of Google’ing to see that many nutrition professionals, particularly registered dietitians, have been rather vocal in the crusade against genetically engineered foods.
Regardless of the reason for nutrition’s absenteeism, the field should take a vested interest in influencing the conversation with its unique perspective. The scientific literature is filled with numerous examples of genetic engineering with great potential for the field, even beyond the case of golden-rice; folate-enriched tomatoes (5), calcium-enhanced carrots (6), non-browning Arctic Apples (7) and low acrylamide potatoes (8) illustrate just a few of the ways that GE technology can be responsibly used to improve the nutrient quality of an individual’s diet. A recent paper in Nature Biotechnology did a thorough analysis of the status and market potential of transgenic biofortified crops, highlighting the wide spectrum that have undergone nutrient biofortification and their potential role in human nutrition (9). As this paper highlights, the promise and potential of GE foods is not that they will be the solution to improving diet, but rather, that they can be a part of the solution. We have been breeding crops with little to no consideration for the nutritional phenotype for centuries (10); nutritional scientists working with plant scientists (similar to what HarvestPlus currently does) could certainly alter that trajectory and improve the nutrient quality of the food supply. In addition to genetically engineered crops for human consumption, genetically engineering feed consumed by farm animals can alter the nutrient profiles of animal foods; most recently, yeast genetically modified to produce their own omega 3 fatty acids (11) made headlines as a way to sustainably improve the fatty acid profiles of farmed salmon (12). Though likely far from market availability, the potential to genetically engineer animals themselves to alter their nutrient profiles has even been discussed (13).
While the promise of genetic engineering’s potential abounds, ASN’s publication on the future of nutrition research (3) asks us a rather prudent question: “Can we leverage technologies, such as biotechnology and nanotechnology, to develop novel foods and food ingredients that will improve health, both domestically and abroad, and provide credible, tangible functional health benefits?” As it stands now, the answer to that question is still unknown, and further research to identify the answer continues unguided by statements from professional nutrition organizations.
The scientific community as a whole could benefit from including nutrition in the genetic engineering conversation. As the National Academies prepare for this conference, and wonder how to improve communications between the public and scientists, I cannot help but see an alternative route through nutrition. While the National Academies seems to realize that crops resistant to already-feared agricultural chemicals offer an intangible benefit to consumers, their focus on chestnut trees, butterflies, and mosquitoes still feels distant. Addressing the conflation of genetic engineering with pesticide resistance is certainly a start, but these alternative applications of genetic engineering do not address food, which is where the controversy exists most prominently. To truly address this issue, the public is going to need to see a direct benefit from genetic engineering as it applies to food; nutrient biofortification offers a promising outlet for this. Imagine if individuals were introduced to genetically engineered foods through folate-enriched tomatoes instead of pesticide-resistant corn.
Position stances from nutrition organizations on the applications, safety aspects, and future directions of genetically engineered foods are long overdue. With the genetic engineering debate furthering consumer distrust in scientific bodies, it is all the more essential for prominent nutrition organizations to team up with other scientific bodies, and enter into this conversation. The benefactors of our research and professional activities are those who eat food, some of which is genetically modified; we should no longer sit silent on this major food-related issue. | <urn:uuid:71e07c6f-b0bf-4427-b0f1-9c49cbd19c30> | https://nutrition.org/tag/genetics/ | en | 0.942481 | 0.058102 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
What am I riddles
cleanshortwhat am I
Everyone has to face me
Sometimes I am loved, usually by the young. Other times I am dreaded, mostly by the old ones. I am hard to remember, also hard to forget. And yet if you do, You'll make someone upset. I occur every day everyone has to face me. Even if you don't want it to happen; embrace me. What am I?
92.46 %
33 votes
cleanshortwhat am I
A grieving wife
The letter 'n'. Throw out the letter n from the word window and you have widow. Bring back the word n to door and you have donor.
92.86 %
35 votes
cleanlogicwhat am I
Silver-tongued, but never lie
87.97 %
59 votes
what am I
Nowhere in tomorrow
I’m at the beginning of the end and the start of eternity, at the end of time and space, in the middle of yesterday but nowhere in tomorrow. What am I?
The letter "e".
90.26 %
43 votes
what am I
Sooner or later everybody needs my help
A dentist.
94.48 %
46 votes
cleanshortwhat am I
Shut up in a wooden case
I am taken from a mine, and shut up in a wooden case from which I’m never released, and yet I am used by many. What am I?
Pencil lead.
90.04 %
42 votes | <urn:uuid:d7d34261-cb2f-4fe1-8d8d-b4c4cea54c71> | https://solveordie.com/what-am-i-riddles/6/ | en | 0.944939 | 0.858895 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
Celebrate Patriotism in the United Kingdom
by blackspanielgallery
Celebrate occasions of British pride with a patriotic party using Union Jack decorations.
There is no holiday in the United Kingdom like either Independence Day in the United States or Canada Day, but people who live in the United Kingdom can be very patriotic. Sometimes it is an event involving the Royal Family that needs to be celebrated. The Queen does have an anniversary of her coronation every year, and once a year she does have a birthday. And now, with new members of the Royal Family being born, and some members of the family are still eligible for marriage, there is always an excuse to celebrate.
The introduction image was found in public domain at WPClipart.
A Special Occasion
The Signing of the Magna Carta
This year, 2015, has turned out to be a very special year, and not just because a new Royal was born. In 1215, on June 15, an event of high importance occurred, and is the source of pride on many. Eight hundred years ago was the signing of the Magna Carta. This certainly has to be celebrated, and why not just add a party to your calendar for every year on or near June 15? The event is not just to be celebrated once every hundred years, it is an annual day of patriotic pride.
Union Jack Party Supplies
A Universally Recognized Symbol
The Union Jack is universally recognized, and its bold colors really add much to a party. Finding party supplies in the Union Jack design is easy. Unlike party supplies for some countries, the real problem with the Union Jack is limiting oneself from buying too much. The number of items available includes just about everything you could want, plates, napkins, cups, tablecloths, and flag cupcake picks. What more could you want?
Union Jack Decorations
The Variety Is Also Great
Decorations for your party abound, with just about any decorative piece you could want. If you prefer to hang decorations from the ceiling, think about hanging pennants and swirls. And a hanging piece will keep the flag from being on the ground. If you want a real statement, the eighteen inch Union Jack balloon is a must. And, those flag picks can be used as decorations as well.
These things have two things in common, they all have great beauty, and they all are appropriate for a patriotic party in the United Kingdom.
Decorate Yourself,
And Your Guests
If decorating the room or outdoor location of the party is not enough, consider decorating yourself. Inexpensive bowler hats sporting the Union Jack design are available. And, if you really want to go all out, have enough Union Jack hats for your guests. As your guests arrive offer each one a Union Jack hat.
Food and Drink
The Important Part
So, the atmosphere is set. What about the food and the drink? Well, serve what you think will make people happy. It could be cookies and cake, or it might be a meal. If you serve a meal there are the options of a sit down dinner, snacks passed around, or a buffet. And the drink might be determined by the ages of those in attendance. Adult beverages might be nice to serve if the party is for adults, but if there are many children there you might go in another direction. One beverage that is popular in Brittan is tea, but that requires cups that you may not wish to use.
So, what is the right way to have a patriotic party. Eat and drink to have fun, and if you do use the Union Jack on party dishes, remember it is still a symbol that deserves respect. Do not toss used paper plates or other items on the ground. It is not a sign of patriotism if you disrespect the flag of the country you are claiming to honor with the celebration.
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Updated: 07/30/2018, blackspanielgallery
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blackspanielgallery on 08/21/2018
There is no current meaning of this in the United States. At the time of the American Revolution there was a meaning associated with a group who remained loyal to the king, but that is now confined to history books.
frankbeswick on 08/21/2018
In the American context what is meant by the term loyalist? Over here in the British Isles the term loyalist is used in Northern Ireland to denote the militant political arm of Protestantism. In the UK loyalists have political allies in the far right, who are becoming a problem.
DerdriuMarriner on 08/20/2018
blackspanielgallery, Thank you for the suggestions and the product line. Is the equivalent on this side of the pond Loyalist celebrations?
frankbeswick on 07/08/2015
I have a strong sense of identity derived from the communities to which I belong. I see myself therefore as British and English. Take an example, if any member of my family had done wrong, I would not stop feeling for them and loving them, but I would acknowledge the wrong that they had done. Similarly with Britain. We have got up to major imperial misdemeanours over the years, but I still have a bond with the people and I will seek to further their interests and well being.
I think that the truth is that no nation is entirely free of guilt, but no nation is unreservedly guilty. As I said in my article on England and Scotland, there have been no goodies on either side. We have both been baddies, but there have been good things in the history of these nations as well, and we must not over-concentrate on the negatives.
Veronica on 07/08/2015
A very interesting, practical post and I am glad that you celebrate your nationality. But respectfully, .... I don't. Ever.
I was born in England as were my parents and I feel nothing for England. I feel even less for Britain. I would never celebrate anything British.
I am thoroughly ashamed of the British Empire and what was done to subjugate nations all over the world in the name of "protection" and what was in actual fact, financial, religious, military and political domination and plundering. If Britain did today what they did then, they would be subject to a war crimes tribunal and have a UN order against them. I believe that nations have a right to govern themselves. The world went to war against Hitler when he marched into nations. The Brits got away with it. I would be happy if Britain were a republic with an elected president.
I feel nothing for the royal family. I would not leave the house to see them if they were walking by. In fact, I have never seen any of them. I have no wish to. I wish princess Charlotte well but I have no interest in her same as most Brits have not. She is merely another one of them for us to keep and pay for. As a historian, I know that the royals obtained the throne through murder, rape, torture, stealing and cruelty. The present monarch is descended from a German family who hated Britain so much when they inherited the throne that they refused to learn English. Prince Philip is a Greek prince so Prince Charles, the future monarch if we are unfortunate enough to still have a monarchy then, will be a half Greek, British king of German and Danish descent. Where does Britishness come in?
My views on Magna Carta are well known! It was never intended as a pathway for democracy ; it was a peace treaty between the King and the Church and Barons. If they had any inkling it would be thought of as democratic, they would have changed it instantly and in any case it was repealed and invalidated within 8 weeks by King John. Are we to celebrate something which for example, in one clause states that anyone who dies owing money to a Jew doesn't have to repay that debt because it is only to a Jew? Is that document worthy of a celebration? I would suggest not.
blackspanielgallery on 07/08/2015
Thanks to each of you for the comments. To Frankbeswick, I once wrote a piece and commented on England, and got a reminder that there were other parts of the U. K. I believe there are some who think of themselves as part of a whole, and some who think of themselves as from only a part. You have explained this quite well. And, I have also heard the monarchy is in and is out of favor, depending on the person. I am learning about England from your articles, and I would recommend them to many others who want an opinion from the source, a person actually there. Thanks again.
frankbeswick on 07/08/2015
In recent years there has been an upsurge of more local identities. While the British still display Union Jack symbols on occasion, the national flags of the four nations tend to be on display. England's flag is the cross of St George, which we wave at international football matches. The anthem God Save the Queen is often now played only at national occasions, or when the British team is playing, but there is a tendency to play the anthems for the four nations. England has no official anthem, but many people like to play Jerusalem at England international matches. "And did those feet in ancient time, walk upon England's mountains green."
Even the southern county of Cornwall now has its own flag in recognition that the Cornish, while in England, do not see themselves as really English. They were a Celtic kingdom absorbed into England in the tenth century.
The issue is whether local patriotism to the four nations will supplant patriotism to the wider UK of which they are a part. I see myself as equally British and English, but also in my identity is an awareness that I have strong roots in Ireland. But I worry that my sense of being equally English and British makes me part of a dying breed. My second son sees himself as primarily English and has only a limited sense of a British identity. My eldest son feels the same as I do.
I must say that I have a strong feeling for each of the four nations that make up the British Isles, but I wonder how representative I am.
The role of the monarch in national patriotism is contentious. Some regard her as a patriotic symbol, but there are people who are anti-monarchy in this country, though republican sympathies are muted and generally not really hostile.
CruiseReady on 07/08/2015
What fun patriotic items for our friends in the UK. I especially like the hat! On one of our recent cruises, I chatted with a lady Brit who said their family much admired the patriotism of Americans. Sadly, it is on the wane in certain segments of our society. Not all, thankfully!
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Alexandre Petion Joins The Nationalist Force
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7 Dorm Room Date Ideas That Are Absolutely Perfect For Cozy Sweater Weather
With everything we have to juggle in college, including financial survival, it can be a bit of challenge trying to put together an awesome date. Many of us happen to be pretty broke for the majority of those four years, but we don't want to deprive ourselves of dating. Coming up with dorm room date ideas for the fall is a perfect idea, while the cozy elements are unfolding around you and the opportunities are waiting for you indoors.
You're already in your dorm room the majority of the time, anyway. Having a date in there will make you feel incredibly comfortable because you're in your own space. You'll feel so relaxed that those first date jitters will subside, and you'll shine like the gem that you are.
The intimate setting, along with you being in your comfort zone, is certainly a combo for a killer date. In college, the little things (like eating three times a day) are seen as cherished accomplishments. So, a dorm room date is just as valuable as a date that's out and about. If your roommates are cool with it, have them tag along with their dates, or organize a plan around the time they're gone for the weekend. Regardless of the circumstances, there are some dorm room dates that'll make you forget about going out, and keep you snuggled up indoors.
1Movie Roulette
LightField Studios/Shutterstock
OK, for this idea, you bring three movies that are your favorite, and your date brings three that they like. This way, you have a variety and can decide together which ones you want to watch. You may even be able to watch more than just one. I mean, who's even looking at the clock, right?
2Bean Bags And Board Games
Anything involving bean bags is means for some childlike fun. Remember how much we enjoyed sitting on them as kids just to slowly descend to the ground? Well, that feeling never left the child that still lives in our adulting hearts. No matter what board game you choose, the bean bags are going to complete the whole setup and leave you both on cloud nine.
3A Potluck Of Your Fave Snacks
Dean Drobot/Shutterstock
Potlucks are everything, especially in college when your intake of food is so scattered, it can be hard to plan consistent meals. Gathering a bunch of your favorite snacks with your date could be interesting and fun. Not only will you get a peak at what satisfies their sweet tooth, but food is always a gateway to good conversation.
4Mocktails In Pajamas
fred goldstein/Shutterstock
Since you're already going to be relaxed, you might as well turn it up a notch and get creative. Lounging around with your date in your pajamas will help make the meeting more casual, and you'll feel less obliged to say and do everything in a cookie cutter way. A spread of cheeses and meats with some mocktails to accompany will be an indoor activity you'll never forget.
5Hot Cocoa And Your Favorite Show
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Whether you're old school and make your hot cocoa on the stove or have upgraded and started using a crockpot, it's the ultimate fall beverage. It's cozy and makes you want to snuggle under a blanket and just surrender yourself to the moment. Now, imagine all that, with your date. Yeah, it's time to go and get your fave hot chocolate recipe and marshmallows now.
6Candlelit Dinner At A Low Table With Cozy Pillows
Since your dorm probably doesn't have all of the major furnishing you're used to, or if you just want to add a new twist to your date, set up a small table with some mood lighting, flowers, and place two plushy pillows on each side. It's not every day you treat yourself to a dinner like this, and your date will definitely take note of the spontaneous effort you put into an impromptu dorm room date.
7Make Caramel And Candy Apples
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Talk about sweets. Candy apples and caramel apples aren't too tough to make, and it'll be cute to make them with your date. It might make a little bit of a mess in the kitchen, but you're guaranteed something sweet for the both of you. Joke about who made the best ones or "accidentally" leave a small but noticeable amount of caramel on the corner of your mouth. Yeah, I went there.
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How brands can use Facebook commerce
You use Facebook to explore and express. You also use it to market your product. Why not use it to sell your product as well? With the concept of Facebook commerce (also known as F-commerce) you actually do so.
F-commerce uses Facebook applications to create marketplaces on the social media platform. Why should you do it and how does it work is what we intend to answer through this article.
Firstly, why is f-commerce required?
Time happens to be even more precious when it is of a potential customer. If someone got to know about your e-commerce venture though Facebook, why redirect them to another link when the purchase/selling can be done on Facebook itself? Also, increasingly everything online is becoming a ‘social’ experience, monetising through Facebook can be an interesting strategy.
How brands can use facebook commerce chart
(let’s earn some bucks while the advertising and promoted posts drain it all away) Now, coming to how you can set up f-commerce on your Facebook brand page. Like always, life gives us two paths to choose. One is the easy way (read free) and one is hard way (get ready to shell out money). Since, we are the navigators here, we lay down both of them for you.
The easy way
The easy way is to set up a tab that opens your website on Facebook. A few brands like ENAH do the same. ENAH, which is a fashion e-commerce store uses an Fcommerce tab to open their website within the Facebook framework. So you are not exactly leaving Facebook in order to visit their website. This takes under 5 minutes to set up. See a step by step guide on how to do so here. One can also choose to program a custom Facebook application for the same purpose.
How can you use facebook commerce Enah
Pros: Its cost effective. Since, you are opening just the website and aren’t creating a separate marketplace, there are no concerns of third party involvement.
Cons: It can be slower and the interface is not exactly engaging. (since it happens to be the same as your website)
The hard way
Like many services that are better when paid, f-commerce happens to be one of them. You can either create a custom application or make use of already existing services like Beetailer and StoreYa to handle the task. How these services work is that they stay in sync with your existing e-commerce stores set up on platforms such as Magenta, Etsy, PrestaShop, Shopify and Wordpress. If your platform is not supported you can also create a store from scratch. Other services like Ecwid let you create marketplaces for both your website and Facebook. Needless to say, you manage one and the other stays in sync.
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Pricing and plans are dependent upon the number of products that you want to list on your store. For as less as 30 products, you might be able to also rope in a free plan. A 500 product store with CSS editing capabilities can cost around 50 dollars per month (approx. INR 2800) on Beetailer. While the same without CSS editing capabilities is a 10 dollar per month plan (Approx. INR 550) on StoreYa.
Online Indian stores such as Indiatimes shopping and PosterGully use Beetailer for their f-commerce solutions. Though the store on Indiatimes is not that well categorized. Popular music artists such as Lady Gaga and Green Day have music and merchandise stores made by Bravado on their official Facebook Pages. Steve Madden India has a Facebook commerce application put in place, which is powered by StoreYa. So overall, it happens to be a fairly popular concept.
Below is a screenshot from PosterGully’s store on Beetailer. As you can see, the application integrates likes, comments, tweets and pins into the shopping experience.
How can you use facebook commerce postergully
Steve Madden India’s store on StoreYa has an additional option of “Want it” and “Own it” for you to share with your friends.
stevemadden Facebook Commerce
It is built for the social experience and has a better user interface that is both attractive and fast. Even if you don’t have an e-commerce website, you can create a store on Facebook.
Cons: Not exactly cost effective if at the end you aren’t able to sell your product on Facebook.
What should you keep in mind
We asked Bharat Sethi, Founder of (an online fan merchandise store) about the necessity of f-commerce and the tricky stuff around it. Here is what he replied:
So, why F-Commerce? A very intuitive answer to this is people love shopping with friends, so why not extend that online? F-commerce is imperative because it is the only viable form for a social and online merchandise store. Both because of the popularity and the scope of the medium involved. But having said that, it is risky to build & run businesses on top of other platforms like FB because as developers they can change the game whenever they like.
And that sums up majority of what f-commerce is all about. We shop with friends physically, why not shop with friends online as well? F-commerce is about adding that zing of social to online shopping. Though an interesting concept, it can get tricky because at the end you are dependent on an external platform for support.
Closing suggestion? Never make your Facebook page all about selling your product. F-commerce is an important leg of it, but in the end Facebook is a medium for engagement and a great tool for two-way communication and that should be your first priority.
F-Commerce socializes the customer decision making process as most purchases are out of peer recommendation. After all shopping is a social activity! Users can have a look at their wishlist later and and by them whenever they want. Besides sales, the want button gives insights about which product is in demand, whom to target with discounts
Hopefully, this will make you look at that f-commerce portal you wanted to set up with a whole new perspective. Have a f-commerce experience to share? Feel free to share in the comments!
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Why It’s Important To Learn From Successful People
Why It’s Important To Learn From Successful People
Recently I noticed that it’s been so long since I last written a post for MotivSpiration series. If you don’t know what it is, you can read here all about it to get an idea. But to put it shortly, it’s a series on my blog where I try to motivate, inspire or ignite a discussion on a certain topic. Think like deep conversations, thoughts.
The absence of these posts made me think why I haven’t been so passionate about things the last few months. Was it because I didn’t have anything to talk about? I really don’t think so. I always have things on my mind. Is it because I feel like these posts aren’t getting as many views as my other ones? No again. There are posts from this series that are still getting views and are on top of the other ones. Or is it because I myself need a post like this, to inspire or motivate me? I think that was it. I was lacking not inspiration generally as in writing posts or getting ideas. I was out of inspiration to write posts that can make people feel some sort of way. I forgot how it feels to make someone question their actions, to make someone start thinking maybe I should try to do this? I forgot how happy it made me being able to transfer my thoughts into the world and find like-minded peeps.
That’s why I turned to the place where I always find something that will truly inspire me or make me motivated to get a grip and do something towards the wellbeing of humans. The Internet.
It’s kind of crazy how the internet has grown into a place where millions of people can make money, build a career, make their dreams come true. And that is also inspiring. So today I want to talk about how seeing other people achieving influences us.
There is no better why to motivate yourself to do something by watching others succeed. Not talking about people who hurt us or impacted our life for bad. Others success makes us happy for them, makes us want to do it as well and do it better, it ignites a little flame in our hearts and insides to just do it. And that’s why it’s important to learn from successful people. They have the power to motivate or inspire you in few seconds!
• Anna Todd managed to become a world best selling author from a simple girl who enjoyed writing on Wattpad. She wrote fan fiction stories like any other fangirls but she did the impossible. She published all of her fan fiction books that you can get in every language in every bookstore or supermarket! Isn’t that amazing?
• Ashley Nicolette Frangipane has been a Tumblr girl with a little YouTube channel where she shared her covers until one day she uploaded a parody video of Taylor Swift’s “I Knew You Were Trouble” called “The Haylor Song” about Taylor’s and Harry Styles romance. It got viral in few days. After that, she started making her own music and after signing a contract she became the worldwide known artist known as Halsey with a tour happening right now! How crazy is that?! I remember watching her Haylor video the day after she uploaded it and loving it. I couldn’t believe that it was the same girl.
• Lilly Singh was an insecure, sad and unsure girl with depression and now she’s one of the most popular YouTubers known as Superwoman! She has over 9 million subscribers, made a world tour, made her voice known in the whole universe and most importantly, she never stopped being herself, spreading happiness and working hard towards her dreams.
• Justin Bieber was a kid who got discovered on the Internet as well! I know most of you already know this and I won’t bother to elaborate more. Just know that he was a simple kid living simple life who was playing in the streets the music he enjoyed until one day he became the most famous musician in the 21st century with billion fans following his every step towards where he is now.
And the list goes on and on! They were all simple human being. And they still are. They are only more known now. Now ask yourself: if they did it, why can’t I? And maybe this question is overused these days but it still has its meaning and it is a very powerful one. If this Ashley girl managed to sell out tickets to her show by making covers if Lilly could hustle hard and make her dreams come true if Justin and Anna made impossible by doing what they love, why can’t you do something today to get closer to where you want to be?
That’s the question I want to ask you. Why do you feel like you will never be someone you deeply wish to? What’s stopping you from doing it? Moreover, what are doing now to get closer to where you want to be? If you can’t answer these questions when you should really stop and think about your goals and ambitions. If it’s important to you – do it. If it’s making you happy – do it. If it’s what you desire – do it. Thousands of people did it and so can you.
The point of this post was to ignite something in you, my dear readers. I want you to realise that seeing other people achieving their goals, dreams, becoming famous or starting to earn a lot shouldn’t be a competition to you. It shouldn’t make you feel jealousy or feel like you need to constantly envy them or look at them as they are a rare breed. No. You need to learn about their story and most importantly learn from it. Successful people should be the ones who help you grown and evolve into a greater person. Don’t be afraid to look up to whoever you want to as long as the person is genuine and transfers good energy and beliefs. So go on, explore, learn and do better. Do better not because you want to be more than them, do better because you want to do the best you can.
Do you get motivated by successful people?
What are doing now to get closer to where you want to be?
Leta Bielinytė
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The Last O'Leary Chieftain.
Donal MacArt (1575 -1657)
by Peter O'Leary.
Donal MacArt was the last elected chieftain of the O'Leary people. Raised to this office in 1638, he survived as effective and fully operating chieftain until the 10 years war, (1640-1650), and the Cromwellian settlement which followed it. This settlement destroyed most of the ancient Gaelic system, including the election and rule of the chieftains. Even after the return of King Charles ll in 1660, there was no full revival of the old systems, and the Williamite war of 1689 finally put an end to all the former Gaelic traditions including the demise of the O'Leary and other chieftainries.
Donal - born in 1575:
Donal was born in 1575 in Uibh Laoghaire. His father was Art O Laoghaire of Carrignaneelagh. and his wife, Margaret Ní Mhoroghie of Currabig. Donal was only the third son. His father, the eldest son of the previous chieftain, Conchobhar of Mannen, had succeeded to the chieftaincy three years previously in 1572, and at his election there was the usual redistribution of land which gave him the temporary ownership of a huge piece of property, including what had now become the chieftains tower house in Carrignaneelagh.
The eldest son of Art and Margaret, named Tadhg, was one of the victims of the terrible slaughter of the O'Learys at the hands of the MacCarthy Maol Reaghs and the O'Crowleys at the cattle raid and "battle" of Ahakeera in 1601.
Art's second son, Conchobhar, also died some time between 1612 and 1620, leaving the third son, Donal as the heir.
Art deposed on the grounds of "incapacity":
In 1593 Art was deposed from his chieftainry, on the grounds of "incapacity". This may have meant sickness, but Art was in his 60s, a mild and considerate man, and it is more likely that he did not conform to the aggressive military requirements which Hugh O'Neill was demanding from the Gaelic peoples in preparation for the great war to finally drive out the English usurpers.
Art was succeeded as O'Leary by his younger brother, Amhlaoibh Ruadh, a red haired, aggressive and fiery leader much more in tune with the O'Neill army. Unfortunately his peppery nature proved his undoing. He was also killed at Ahakeera leading his men into battle against MacCarthy Maol. To be slain in this manner, without the consent of the Queen's President, would have resulted in the confiscation of all O'Leary lands, so a little deception was agreed upon. It was put about that Amhlaoich had been wounded in the battle, and some time later it was announced that he had died a natural death.
So later in the year of 1601 the O'Learys met again to elect a new chieftain, and this time it was the turn of the fourth son of Conchobhar of Mannen, Donnchadh an Ghaorthaidh, who was chosen and who received the white rod from Cormac macDermod MacCarthy of Blarney and Macroom, liege lord of the O'Learys.
Donnchadh had a long and successful time as chieftain, living until 1638, and dying just in time to avoid the ten years war. On his election he moved into the old O'Leary stronghold of Mannen, where Inchigeelagh National School now stands. This was a large ringfort and house which had been the home of O'Leary in earlier times up to the 15th.c. when the first tower house was built at Carrignacurra.
Surrender and Regrant:
An odd situation had arisen as a result of "Surrender and Regrant". This English imposed law was intended to weaken the Gaelic order, and was widely welcomed by chieftains who only saw in it a means of strengthening their own branch of the family. The tower houses became the personal property of the incumbent at the time, whereas previously, like all property, they had been owned by the Clan in general, and occupied by the current chieftain and his tanaiste.
After the "Composition of 1593" those in occupancy of a tower house became its legal owner. So when Donnchadh was elected in 1601, his cousins, Conchobhar macArt and Tadhg Dermod Meirgeach, hung on grimly to their tower houses at Carrignaneelagh and Carrignacurra, leaving Donnchadh without this symbol of his authority.
Tower House in Dromcarra:
This position was eventually corrected by Donnchadh building himself a new tower house on his land at Dromcarra. It was smaller than the other two, but no doubt honour was satisfied. The tower house in Dromcarra was completed in 1625, and stood, albeit in ruins, until 1966 when it was "knocked" by its owner because he deemed it to be unsafe.
So far in our story it has seemed that the chieftaincy of the O'Learys had become hereditary as with many other families. That this was not so was proved in 1638 when Donnchadh died and the clan reverted to a previous line and elected his first cousin, Donal macArt. This despite the fact that Donnchadh had a further brother, Diarmaid Ruadh, and two sons, Amhlaoich of Dromcarra and Conchobhar of East Graigue, who were passed over.
Donal was 63 when he achieved the chieftaincy. He then became the lord of 13 townlands and some 3,000 acres of the best land in the Parish, mostly on the North Eastern strip lying to the South of the River Toon. His income from rentals was £30 pa. which would be the equivalent of about £60,000 in todays money.
But there were dark clouds on the horizen. Three years later, in 1641, there was a massive and universal uprising throughout the Country. The opportunity had come for all Irishmen, Gaelic and Anglo-Norman, to unite against English rule, by supporting an English King, Charles 1 against the forces of his Parliament, later to be lead by the infamous Cromwell.
As the storm clouds were gathering in 1641, popular leaders were established in each area, and Lord Muskerry, Donoch MacCarthy of Blarney, raised the flag in his territory. He started by summonsing a meeting to Blarney castle of delegates from each sept who could provide men and horses for the new army to be created. The newly created O'Leary, Donal went along, and took with him his tanaiste, Conchobhar Meirgeach of Carrignacurra. Conchobhar seems to have been the more dynamic, and made more impact on the meeting. Reports of the occasion describe them as "Conor, O'Leary of Carrignacurra, and his brother Daniel". They were in fact second cousins, and Donal was of course the senior.
The united front was to be represented in the Country at large, by the Confederation, a gathering of representatives of all the people, which initially met in Kilkenny in May 1642. Donal is mentioned amongst the delegates at the General Assembly, where he was representing the O Learys.
Sadly for Ireland the Confederation was not a success, as factions arose and no common agreement could be found.between the splinter groups. Whilst the supporters of O'Neill, Rinuccini, Preston, Ormonde etc. squabbled amongst themselves, the Parliamentary army in England were slowly but surely grinding the Kings armies to defeat, and eventually the King to the gallows. Then this seasoned and experienced army were turned on Ireland, under their General, Cromwell, to wreak vengeance for the uprising, and to confiscate the land of all Irishmen, Gaelic or Anglo-Norman, and redistribute it amongst the unpaid troopers and the Adventurers who had put up the money for weapons.
"Sent to Connacht":
In actual fact only the large landowners, and heads of clans, were "sent to Connacht", the smaller tenant farmers being required to remain as labourers on the land. Donal was amongst them, and at the age of 80 and accompanied by his second son , Dermod, was transplanted in 1655 to Ballymacdonellane in County Clare. His third son, Tadhg was sent to Killclogher in County Clare where he appears as a titulado in 1659.
Dermod, the second son featured in a curious incident in 1641 at the start of the war. Large numbers of dispossessed English settlers were trying to get back to England with such of their property as they could carry. O'Donovan of Castle Donovan had arranged a convoy to escort one of these parties, and Dermod was one of the escorting officers. After the war he was accused, with others, of robbing some of the settlers. They were tried but there was insufficient evidence and no convictions.
Meanwhile in Uibh Laoghaire the lands of the O'Learys were divided up and awarded to soldiers as back pay. The other landowners could stay on as tenants under the new owners or as labourers. Some did not chose to do either, and large gangs of "Tories" or landless men, gathered in the mountains around Gougane, including many O'Learys but none that we know from Donal MacArt's family.
Old Donal died in Connacht some time between 1655 and the Restoration in 1660. Historians have had considerable confusion about these events. They have overlooked the fact that Donal's eldest son was also called Donal, and have tended to merge the two men into one, thus making the life span of the elder Donal stretch off into the 1689 period when he would have been an active 114 had he survived.
Charles 11:
In 1660 when Charles ll was restored to his late father's throne, there was a general belief that the land would now revert to its previous ownership. The owners in 1641, or in many cases their sons, flocked back to their patrimony in 1660. Amongst these was "young" Donal óg, now himself aged 55, who moved into his fathers lands of Gortsmorane, Kilbarry, Carrignaneelagh etc. The tower house had been garrisoned during the occupation by Cromwellian troops, but they had "slighted" it on leaving. Nevertheless it was capable of being lived in.
The true facts turned out to be very different. Charles had largely been restored by Protestant Parliamentary leaders such as Monk, and they had obtained guarantees of continued ownership of their ill-gotten lands. Charles, like most of the Stuarts was a weak man who could not take difficult decisions like this. The Cromwellian settlement largely remained, and his loyal Royalist followers had to suffer, whilst his previous enemies gained.
Donal óg had moved into his fathers old lands, and in 1677 he managed to obtain a 99 years lease of these lands from their new owner, no other than Lord Muskerry. This sort of thing was possible because most of the soldiers did not actually want to live in Ireland but only to turn their property into cash and return whence they came. And Lord Muskerry was one of the few great Lords who were exempted from the general situation and had their properties restored to them.
Twenty nine short years after, all this changed. Once more the Irish people supported a Stuart King in his struggle against his own people, and once more they lost. This time it was James ll, Charles brother, and this time they were supporting a Catholic King who, they thought, would right all the Protestant wrongs. But James lost the military contest with William, and fled to France deserting his Catholic Irish supporters.
Donal óg, who was born in about 1605, did not live to see this latest disaster. In 1700 the Land Court at Chichester House examined all the tenancies and most, including his, were declared unsound and were forfeited to the Crown. The freeholds of the lands of Uibh Laoghaire were granted to the Hollow Sword Blade Company to settle their debts for financing the war. A few tenancies were validated, but most went to new tenants of the choosing of the new landlords. By and large these were not O'Learys, who were regarded with suspicion that they might get above themselves.
Donal óg and his eldest son, Arthur, were never elected as chieftains, but they and their successors called themselves "O'Leary", and were regarded as such by the local people in the Milstreet area.. Arthur was a Captain in King James' army in 1689. He went to Millstreet with his sister Juliana, where she was married to old Colonel Owen MacCarthy of Drishane, and the family stayed there for three further generations until Denis O'Leary could only produce one heir, his daughter Helen, thus bringing this branch to an end. | <urn:uuid:59e45216-6b16-4d4a-a95b-fad153c08158> | http://ballingearyhs.com/journal1997/donalmcartoleary.html | en | 0.988677 | 0.102635 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
Tuesday, 15 February 2011
Opinion - Avoiding the Clichéd Call Close
Is there anything else I can help you with today?
Is this a professional, polite way to end a conversation or an unnecessarily scripted way to close the call?
This question is now common place within many telephone centres and there is no doubt that it is used with the best of intentions but feedback also suggests that some customers find this to be an irritation at the end of a call.
The danger is that it can become a clichéd comment which lacks sincerity.
Let us consider two examples from non telephone service situations.
When you buy your cheese burger do you think the member of staff serving genuinely cares if you;
"Enjoy your meal"?
You can walk into a well known food store, pick up your sandwich, head for the till and be delighted to see that there are no other customers waiting. Yet the first thing the cashier says is; "Sorry to have kept you waiting".
Is there any real value in apologising to a customer for keeping them waiting when in fact they have not been kept waiting at all?
These examples do not show an individual's customer care skills they simply show an ability to follow a script. To a customer this will often sound robotic and lack sincerity.
These types of statement are often added to a company's quality standards on of the advice of consultants like ourselves or in response to customer feedback exercises such as mystery shopper / caller programmes.
The secret to success is understanding how to use these points appropriately. A tick in the box from the mystery shopper is useless if this turns out to be counterproductive from the perspective of your real customers.
So let's go back to our original question:
Is there anything else I can help you with today?
On the plus side it signposts the end of the call and prompts the customer to think about other questions. It also ensures that she / he does not feel rushed off the call.
On the negative side it can sound scripted and it will annoy some callers who want to end the call quickly. Perhaps the most important factor to consider is that in most cases the customer's answer to the question is; no.
- Try to be selective with this question and avoid asking it at the end of every call.
- The question should definitely be used if customers have encountered long waiting times to get through to your centre.
- The question should not be used in a complaint situation where is the issue remains unresolved.
- Encourage your staff to impose their own personality / words when asking this question and vary this from call to call.
- Consider the effective use of silence as an alternative. A pause towards the end of the call gives the customer thinking time and allows the operator decide if it is appropriate to ask the question.
These are of course general tips, if you would like a view on the relevance to your particular calls email me directly kevinb@tctc.co.uk | <urn:uuid:c76f63ef-2ab7-4fb5-adb1-1d29afab4b0e> | http://teleconsultancy.blogspot.com/2011/02/opinion-avoiding-cliched-call-close.html | en | 0.933212 | 0.023407 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
Gothic and Lolita
GOTHIC AND LOLITA, edited by Katsuhiko Ishikawa with photographs by Masayuki Yoshinaga, is a new photographic collection that celebrates the eclectic and bizarre street fashion of Japanese popular youth culture A mixture of high fashion and home made ensembles, the Gothic and Lolita scene is a bizarre hybrid, boasting thousands of devotees who dedicate their lives to creaGOTHIC AND LOLITA, edited by Katsuhiko Ishikawa with photographs by Masayuki Yoshinaga, is a new photographic collection that celebrates the eclectic and bizarre street fashion of Japanese popular youth culture A mixture of high fashion and home made ensembles, the Gothic and Lolita scene is a bizarre hybrid, boasting thousands of devotees who dedicate their lives to creating ever flamboyant and original variations of this fused style The origin of this eccentric fashion movement traces back to Osaka in the mid 1990s when young teenagers adopted Gothic fashion in response to the clothes worn and promoted by Japanese Gothic rock bands Influenced by Western fashion trends from the mid 1980s, young teenagers, predominately adolescent girls, began to dress in juxtapositions corsets, spikes, lacy Victorian dresses, dark eye makeup, black spandex, frilly tutus, patterned knee highs, ruffled bows, and wigs of all lengths and styles.Specially commissioned by Phaidon Press and based on the creative design of the bestselling Fruits and Fresh Fruits, Gothic And Lolita features portraits and group shots of Japanese Goths and Lolitas both at home and in the urban centers of Tokyo and Osaka Presented in a simple format with a funky design, hundreds of teenagers posed for the camera in their imaginative and often surreal outfits and offered personal insights into the idea behind their personal fashion choices The responses are sometimes surprising, sometimes shocking, often hilarious, and always compelling.
Gothic and Lolita GOTHIC AND LOLITA edited by Katsuhiko Ishikawa with photographs by Masayuki Yoshinaga is a new photographic collection that celebrates the eclectic and bizarre street fashion of Japanese popular you
• Title: Gothic and Lolita
• Author: Masayuki Yoshinaga Katsuhiko Ishikawa
• ISBN: 9780714847856
• Page: 466
• Format: Paperback
• Lolita fashion Lolita , ror ta fasshon is a fashion subculture from Japan that is highly influenced by Victorian and Edwardian children s clothing and styles from the Rococo period A very distinctive property of Lolita fashion is the aesthetic of cuteness This clothing subcuture can be categorized into three main substyles gothic , classic , and sweet Many other Gothic Germanic people Goths or Gothic people, the ethnonym of a group of East Germanic tribes Gothic language, an extinct East Germanic language, spoken by the Goths Crimean Gothic, the Gothic language spoken by the Crimean Goths Gothic alphabet, one of the alphabets used to write the Gothic language Gothic Unicode block , a collection of Unicode characters of the Gothic alphabet Gothic Lolita Bible Volume Various More than any other publication, Gothic Lolita Bible has played an instrumental role in defining the Japanese Lolita style A quarterly mook magazine book hybrid that s a combination fashion magazine, culture guide, and art book, the Bible caters to fans of two separate but related fashions Gothic and to a greater extent Lolita. Watch Psycho Gothic Lolita Prime Video Her beloved mother murdered by a vicious gang of assassins, young Yuki Best Buttocks Award winner Akiyama transforms herself into a gothic lolita killing machine, wielding a lethal umbrella that can blast, slice, and chop her enemies into oblivion. La Carmina Blog Alternative Fashion, Travel, Subcultures Uhh you may have recently seen La Carmina on German TV, with a giant peen Ach du lieber Finally, we can reveal details of the crazy Japanese travel TV show we shot in September As you may know, Naomi Rubin and I run a Pirates production company We do local producing or fixing for travel television shows, in Tokyo and worldwide The Pirates have teamed up before with Joko und Klaas Lolita mode Wikipdia La mode Lolita est une mode vestimentaire japonaise visible plus particulirement dans les rues de Tokyo mais qui s est exporte travers le monde La mode lolita comprend elle mme divers courants branches, dont le Sweet Lolita, le Classical Lolita et le Gothic Lolita pour les plus connus.Les adeptes de cette mode sont trs majoritairement fminines, bien que de plus en plus Lolita subcultuur Lolita , ror ta fasshon is een modesubcultuur uit Japan, die voornamelijk benvloed is door Victoriaanse kinderkleding en kledij uit de rococo periode Lolita kenmerkt zich verder door de esthetiek van schattigheid De kledingstijl kan ingedeeld worden in drie substijlen gothic , classic en sweet Daarnaast bestaan er nog talloze andere substijlen zoals Loli Links Lolita Logs Each of these links are to websites selling Lolita clothing which ship overseas Sweet Lolita Angelic Pretty Sweet Violent Delights Gothic, Steampunk Dieselpunk Clothing Violent Delights Gothic, Steampunk And Dieselpunk Clothing The Widest Range Of Dark Alternative Clothes By Punk Rave, Devil Fashion, Pentagramme And RQ BL, With Free UK Delivery And Fast Worldwide Shipping. Gothic Fairy Dress up Game Azalea s Dress up Dolls Choose from many options of skirts, tops and accessories to give this fairy a gothic, sophisticated look
1 thought on “Gothic and Lolita”
1. Interesting novel-sized gallery of street fashions with a lot of artistic dedication, especially as many of these have to be homemade (it's not like a lot of clothing stores specialize in daywear from two hundred years ago, nor do I imagine many cartoon-colourful cyberpunk costumes).I both like and dislike the fact that these are on-the-spot portraits, so while they have a bit more of an authenticity I suppose, they also don't seem very polished. Anyway, this is a pretty useful and neat book for [...]
2. Like the two "Fruits" books, this book has pictures of people wearing certain looks, this time focusing on the Goth/Visual Kei and Lolita variations. Unless you're interested in wearing either style (or both, who knows?) this book is more something only to look at. Also, there are some people featured here where you can only think: "wtf, what were they thinking when they chose to wear that?!" Something that wasn't the case with the "Fruits" books.So, this is mostly for those interested in the me [...]
3. A quick flip through shows almost all photos, and English text for the fashion credits. A keeper and great source material, hopefully with the dates easily searchable. Street snaps are one of my favorite parts of Japanese fashion magazines so this is like candy.
4. You know how sometimes in the Gothic & Lolita Bible they indicate what the person's job is, aside from the brand of their clothes, and a lot of those people listed themselves as 'members of the society' (positive scripting for NEET, but I'm just a bitter old person grumping)? Those who are neither students nor part-time workers. I've often wondered how they could actually afford clothes that are easily 25,000 yen apiece. A lot of these people DO know how to sew, though, and it's definitely r [...]
5. One of my favourite aspects of Japanese culture is the really strong style aesthetics among the younger generations. This book and Fruits and Fresh Fruits gave me hours on enjoyment and inspiration. I wish more people had the courage to dress however they feel and express themselves through clothing.
6. The Lolita twins were my absolute favorite. How is it that they all can afford Vivienne Westwood shoes and accessories?
7. I first came across this book in a bookstore / coffeeshop in Mexico City and knew I had to have it. Unfortunately I couldn't buy it at that time and only acquired it later, when I was back in the states. I was not dissapointed! The pictures are gorgeous and highlight the creativity and individual expressiveness of these Japanese youth subcultures: Lolitas, who dress like pre-pubescent girls from Victorian England;Traditional Goths, who favor black, corsets, tattoos, and piercings;Cybergoths, who [...]
8. Gothic and Lolita take you deep in the underground world of Japan. The crazy kids everyone can't seem to understand. Each page bring you deeper in to this strange world. Its understood and most everyone dresses with no fear.Each page screams creativity. The close were amazing and the styles were never to be forgotten. Each page was a different person either Gothic or Lolita. The lolita were my fave. The girls looking like china dolls were to cute. The gothic group was dark and scary and hard to [...]
9. I turned to this book both out of sheer interest in the fashion as well as a source for my Master's dissertation. While it served a perfunctory function as the latter (explaining the beginnings of the Gothic Lolita movement concisely in the preface) I couldn't have been more pleased with this book as a source for fashion. This collection is one of the biggest pieces of eye candy available for those interested in Japan's Gothic Lolitas, and it provides endless inspiration for up-and-coming Lolita [...]
10. There's a clothing style that is pretty much all Japanese, and that is the Gothic & Lolita clothing. Lolita clothing is that which the women wear which makes them look like little children, albeit a lot fancier. Gothic is a style which, of course, is based on the goth style of clothing.This book is filled with pictures of young Japanese dressed in both styles, walking around in some of the most outrageous, yet interesting, clothing possible. The movie Kamikaze Girls (American title; Japanese [...]
11. I learn from that book that my clothes are too plain and too simple. I have a new vision of the future without any specters of the pastI want dresses like those which are featured in this bookSeriously fashion can have many faces and this books exploits Lolitas fashion with various photos of the devotees of that style, they are picked according to the various Rori styles. Highly recommended for broaden your fashion taste.
12. Not only was this entire book based on a rather pointless, silly and at times disturbing fashion trend, but the book itself is filled with repetitive photos, printed in dull colors, obviously shot digitally as some of them have pixels when closely looked at, and these take up more space than the text which feebly tries to explain the non-existent purposes of this fad, to no avail.
13. "Wat koopt jouw puber-dochter zo al op de boekenbeurs?" (2) :) Toch maar even doorgenomenEuhn 'gewaarschuwde' moeder is er (hopelijk) 2 waard :) Geef mij toch maar 'gothics'; met een voorkeur voor de outfits van Rika, Kei, V.Prince, Rosa Yura, Sachi, J'zk, Akane, Harold&Eco en ***** voor Har!
14. Excellent pictures but the graphic design was truly horrible. Someone chose the wrong colors for the fonts. I like the models are they were average person and not the picture perfect people you see in fashion magazines.
15. while I'm not too fond of the lolita part of the book (old school lolita styles don't always hold up to the test of time), but the gothic part is absolutely wonderful. I think it's a very nice alt fashion reference book.
16. insightful and informative. a collection of photographs to give you a glimpse into the minds of Japanese teens on the streets and in their homes. also, a great source of inspiration. Masayuki Yoshinaga's work wonderful as always!
17. Wat een stijl! Vreemde kerels en madammekes.Maar ze mogen trots zijn dat ze 'zo'over straat durven. Dikke chapeau manne!
18. another birthday present. lots of great street fashion from Japan. even sneek peeks into bedrooms and seeing how kids decorate thier teeny tiny little rooms. a definite inspiration!
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| <urn:uuid:da04466c-1700-40bc-8b4c-3ee0092eca29> | http://thegrapescafebar.co.uk/118777-gothic-and-lolita/ | en | 0.9011 | 0.02134 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
How could God allow all the pain
It is often said that the evil and suffering in our world means that there is no God, or if there is, that he is wicked or unable to do anything about it.
In this guest service we will hear from someone facing suffering every day, see how their faith sustains them, and what answers the Bible might give us in our struggle.
Do join us.
4pm Sunday 14 October
The United Reformed Church Building
Haywards Heath | <urn:uuid:74853481-eb31-4909-91d3-83c58e3d205e> | http://www.gracesussex.com/2012/09/how-could-god-allow-all-pain.html | en | 0.971621 | 0.023511 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
Day 6- Lesson Learned
I had a delicious breakfast of mochi and a green juice. Mochi is pounded gelatinous rice that is formed into cakes that are then able to be baked or fried. It gets crispy on the outside and is chewy on the inside. It can be enjoyed as a sweet or savoury dish by adding either a few drops of soy or maple syrup once it is cooked. Usually, I cut it into small squares. This recipe called for putting it in a waffle iron which I did not have. I used a sandwich grill. Best is pan-frying in a little bit of oil. You start it in a medium hot oiled pan, crisp up one side, then flip the piece over and put a lid over the pan till the other side crisps and puffs up. Mochi squares triple in volume as they cook. Children love it.
My green juice was apple, kale, cucumber and celery.
II went for a walk with a friend in the sun, then did some shopping and came home to make lunch. By then it had been four hours or so since I had eaten and I could feel another headache brewing. I ate lunch at about the five hour mark which was rice balls rolled in toasted almonds or black sesame seeds and a coleslaw. No pictures as I left my camera in the car and was too hungry to go and get it. My headache was in full swing after lunch and after five days of this I felt demoralized and confused. I took two aspirin and then googled five day headache. The information that I found was the light bulb going off. It relaxed me and I fell into a deep sleep for an hour. I woke up head ache-less and continued on my day feeling calmer and empowered.
Basically, my five day headache was a perfect storm of four events. Any one of these could have kept my headache flowing from day to day but the last one is the biggie. One, I quit caffeine and sugar which caused my body to get stressed out and I suffered a withdrawal headache. Two, I generally get a headache for a couple hours at my 'time of the month'. Three, the barometer changed as we went from days of rain to days of sunshine. Lastly, and most importantly, I was not snacking.
The first time I went macrobiotic I was cooking with Nadine and I remember she told me I was hypoglycemic. Not so, I argued as no medical tests had ever pointed that out, then or since. But she insisted that I was and between our meals she made me have a carrot/apple juice at about 10 am and at 4 pm she had me eat a chopped, poached apple or pear in kuzu with toasted nuts on top. I remember that I would be almost shaking when I got my little apple pudding, so desperate was I for the sweet snack. She told me that shortly, following a macro diet I would get command of my blood sugar and then be able to go long hours without food. But this was nine, ten years ago and my system and will are much stronger. This cleanse did not include mini sweet snacks between meals so I have not had one. I did not feel shaky, nor did I feel hungry between meals. My only, ignored by me, indication that my blood sugar was dipping too low was a headache. Headaches and blood sugar levels are new to me but it may explain a long association I have had with headaches. It feels intuitively like the right answer. I have two grandfathers who were diabetic, a father who could be pre-diabetic if he doesn't keep an eye on things and many cousins and an aunt and uncle who struggle with obesity. I will keep my awareness on it and always make sure I have a few almonds or some snack with me. This only seems to be an issue as I transition into a cleaner diet because before I might not eat a meal for five or six or more hours but I might chew gum, have coffee with sugar or eat a few squares of dark chocolate. Mystery solved.
Dinner was very simple and as usual, delicious. Barley and lentils, a simple stir-fry and puréed squash soup. Mayumi's recipes are spot on flavour-wise. Her amounts and instructions are perfect and it is a pleasure to cook from this book. What I am loving about this cleanse is my return to tasting and enjoying more simple flavours.
I have not heard back from Mayumi about sharing recipes so just go buy the book! | <urn:uuid:b8c5dd55-394b-41c2-95ec-0f2cfc38598b> | http://www.mailidinim.com/food-blog/2013/1/13/day-6-lesson-learned.html | en | 0.984433 | 0.068637 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
The trouble with peace
After the end of the Cold War we had a number of conflicts with the direct participation of NATO countries, wars and “peace missions” that hardly got any real winner. USA and its allies won every battle on the field but how many of this wars gave us a better world?
In Europe we got the dissolution of Yugoslavia, followed by a bitter war and a NATO intervention. From the ashes of a country now we got two nations (Slovenia and Croatia) that has been included in the European Union, a disputed territory (Bosnia Herzegovina) that could break in two any time soon, two failed countries (Kosovo and Macedonia-FYROM) and a nation suspended between hate and need (Serbia). Is this a victory?
In the Middle East we got another failed nation, Iraq. Since the fall of Saddam Hussein and the end of its regime we have a derailed country, roughly split in three by the means of religion or ethnic relevance (Kurds in the North, Sunni and Shiites in the South). No sign of real stabilization is present today, the whole nation is a hunting ground for organized crime cartels and terrorist groups. Is this a victory?
In Asia we got Afghanistan or what’s left of it. They lost their National cohesion in 1979 after the USSR invasion and never recovered. Taliban groups are in control of a good part of the country (roughly 40%), another part in under a number of self-proclaimed war lords. National government is a joke and the opium traffic is stronger than ever. If foreign troops go away this poor excuse for a country will collapse in a matter of weeks. Is this a victory?
In Africa we got Libia, nowadays it’s a complete mess. Muammar Gheddafi was a disgrace for them and for the whole world, no doubt about it, but now nobody is in charge for this country and no easy solution is on the table. Today Libia is a danger zone, ready to fall in the wrong hands if not properly helped. Tribal groups and crime cartels are in control of more than half of this nation. Is this a victory?
In my opinion there’s no such thing as a good war, not since the end of WWII. The main problem here is not how to achieve a military victory and/or to topple some two-bit dictator, what we do not know is how to replace a regime with a democracy. The real mistake is to think that is possible to force a fast transition between different way to conduct a country.
It’s an old lesson that USA and NATO countries never learned. Think about the end of colonialism in Africa in the ’50 and the ’60, think about four decades of interference in Central and South America, think about all the damages done in Asia after the Korean War. No matter how good a system could be modern democracy, it can’t be forced or imposed. It have to be learned, explored, adapted to the local tradition and culture.
Now think about Syria. Maybe we can topple Bashar al-Assad and his cronies in a matter of few months but what will happen after that? How many years of chaos and mayhem? How many refugees? How many deaths? There are no fast solutions available, no easy way out. It’s a waste of precious resources to start a war when you do not know what to do with it.
3 thoughts on “The trouble with peace
1. My apologies for my bad english.
Leeroy Jenkins syndrome.
They go, they fight, only after the battle they think: what are we doing here !?
We needed a goal?
What’s it goal?!
Mr “Cespuglio” and Blair said to the world: Iraq have weapon of mass destruction, we have to go to make the job!
Job done, but ten years later, we still have not found those weapons, and Iraq isn’t get better.
So something is changed.
Now mr Obama and Cameron says: we need go for the Syria, we have the evidence of Assad’s army chemical strike.
Sorry pal, but the bonus is ended.
Ed Milliband says: “Britain is learning the lessons of our past, including the lessons of Iraq”.
GB says NO.
Many people think like Ed Milliband: we don’t have trust in you.
Strike Syria isn’t better option, but the worst.
• UK Parlament set a milestone when blocked Cameron’s initiative to go at war, no matter the evidence (and the cost!). As you say, it’s a matter of trust and we do not believe anymore everything we see on TV. Too many wars with no real end, too many flag-wrapped coffins back home (it’s 53 for Italy in Afghanistan!!!). Time’s up to stand for a better decision, a few missiles can’t solve anything.
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| <urn:uuid:b36df6f9-9d57-4d65-8aea-7daee71b7b39> | https://angelobenuzzi.wordpress.com/2013/08/30/the-trouble-with-peace/ | en | 0.931151 | 0.024967 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
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BAI Bank Statement Processing in using FI for FICA
Hello Experts,
We have FI and FICA modules; our FI module processes bank BAI file (cash file) and FICA module processes payment lot (FP05) file. On an average we receive payment lot file (FP05) today and BAI file tomorrow. So is it okay if we handle all bank cash receipt reconcilliation through FI only without using FPB6? So our payment lot (FP05) will debit bank clearing account and BAI file FI processing will credit this same bank clearing account with debit to main cash account.
Please let me know if this approach is okay. Thanks.
Former Member
The approach you describe has been used in previous implementations I have worked on.
In addition to the BAI FI processing, the business users also requested previous days summary postings (i.e. by Posting date) to the bank clearing account. This was done to ensure that what was posted to Bank Clearing Account in FI-CA the day before is a close-enough figure to what is posted via the BAI file the following day.
I hope this helps.
Ivor M.
0 View this answer in context | <urn:uuid:318c5ed2-6511-48de-bc55-09ef31de8777> | https://archive.sap.com/discussions/thread/3164003 | en | 0.928409 | 0.058697 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
Hypnosis Attenuates Executive Cost of Prospective Memory
Prospective memory is the ability to formulate and carry out actions at the appropriate time or in the appropriate context. This study aimed to identify the effect of hypnosis on prospective memory performance and to analyze the involvement of executive control processes in intention realization in a hypnotically altered state of consciousness. In 1 experiment, manipulating hypnotic instruction in a within-subject fashion, the authors explored the event-based prospective memory performance of 23 volunteers in 3 conditions: baseline, expectation, and execution. The primary result was that executing prospective memory responses, at the same accuracy rate, produced a significantly lower cost of ongoing responses in terms of response latency in the hypnotic state than in wake condition. | <urn:uuid:f246e6e4-3591-4b4e-bfa1-f0d30664b8fc> | https://ijceh.com/author/istvan-szendi | en | 0.916473 | 0.057984 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
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Top 10 Job Interview Questions with Tips on How to Answer
Posted by | January 6, 2014 | Getting your Dream Job
Top 10 Job Interview Questions with Tips on How to Answer
By: Joi Hernaez – [work]
Posted 08/08/06
1. Can you tell me something about yourself?
This is the probably the most terrifying interview questions of all time and the most difficult to answer as well. As an applicant for a certain job, you’d be wondering what the employer wants to know. What’s the point of asking this kind of question? I suggest that you should relax and think of this situation as a great opportunity to impress your employer. Well, the technique here is you should answer them with something that supports your career goals. Avoid telling those things about your name, your birth date, where you live, hobbies and other extra curricular activities. It would be better if you tell them something relevant about your qualifications and employment history.
2. What are your strengths?
Be sure that you tackle those points that would help you do the job you’re applying for. Tell something about your technical skills and your qualifications and be sure to support them with specific examples.
3. What are your weaknesses?
With regards to your weaknesses, you should answer them with things that you are improving upon and make sure that it is work related. Do not just tell your weak points; you should back up your statement with things that you are doing to improve your weak points.
4. How do you handle stress/pressure?
Some companies have a type of interviews where in a group of interviewers ask you a set of questions. Some interviewers purposely stir up emotional responses by asking questions in a challenging manner. Their purpose is to find out how you handle the stress.
If you were asked about this question, just relax and keep your self calm because they are already observing you. Just describe how you handle pressure by being honest and direct, but avoid being anxious.
5. What do you know about our company?
Before you can answer this question, you must have a research about the company you are applying to. Knowing their mission and vision can help you make the interview more interactive. It would be better if you tell them that you want to know more about the company. This shows that you are interested to the company and you really wanted to be part of the team.
6. Why do you want to work in our company?
If you were asked about this question, the first thing that would come into your mind would be ”Because you have a job opening”. Well, those are clear answers but it won’t give you additional points on your interview. Those kinds of answers might sound sarcastic and may possibly annoy the interviewer.
The point of asking this question is to determine whether you have an idea about where you want to work or you’re just applying to any company that has a job opening.
Having a brief research on a company before your interview can help you to stand out as a competent applicant. It would be helpful if you can think of some reasons about what you can contribute to the company.
7. Why do you want to leave your current job?
Not all interviewee can deliver a straight forward answer to this question. Of course you have your own reasons why you want to leave your current job. You should be careful in answering this question. By all means you should keep your answers in a positive manner. As much as possible, do not give them a hint on how much you hate your current officemate or your boss. At this point, the interviewer is testing your attitude. The firm wants to hire someone who has the potential to become part of their team and not a negative one who can pull them down.
8. What can you contribute to our company?
Tell them your qualities that are related to the position you are applying for. Give them some ways in which you can help the company grow and be productive by sharing your thoughts and ideas. Show them your dedication and your willingness to be a part of the company.
9. Why should the company hire you?
Basically, this question is about selling yourself. Just like the first question, telling something about your self. Develop a sales statement and be more detailed as much as you can. Tell them something about what makes you unique and what you can contribute to the company. Think of your qualities you have to offer that match on what the employer is looking for.
10. Where do you see yourself five or ten years from now?
In answering this question, you should focus on your career-advancement goals that are related with the job you are applying for.
Interview questions are very tricky and you should be more careful in answering them. Your future career relies on how you deliver your answers. Respond appropriately, just relax and be yourself.
Joi Hernaez is a Search Engine Optimization Specialist and an Internet Marketer.
Visit for free job search opportunity.
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my name is Corrine, a princess of technology and adventure
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A NY space shuttle — or liftoff for Chuck?
* It’s only fitting that this great national landmark, the Intrepid, receive one of the shuttles to help inspire the thousands of our schoolchildren who visit the ship each year to reach for the stars (“Right Stuff for NYC,” Charles E. Schumer, PostOpinion, March 24).
The Intrepid’s motto is “Honor, Educate and Inspire” — truly lofty goals to strive for every day.
We should be so lucky.
Scott Koen
Rutherford, NJ
* Sen. Chuck Schumer’s plan to help the Intrepid Museum acquire a space shuttle is fantastic.
Now that the president has canceled our manned space program (Constellation) and ceded the moon to the Chinese, it will serve to teach children that the United States was once a space-faring nation.
Ken Lipka
* Schumer thinks that bringing the shuttle here will attract “countless boys and girls, as well as adults, with boundless imaginations.”
I live here, and my boundless imagination wonders if one day science can preserve the senator’s brain in hopes of discovering what causes nonstop prattle.
William Benson Huber
* If Schumer wanted a space shuttle so badly, why didn’t he have Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid give him one in the health-care bill?
Does Schumer think the money it will generate will make up for the billions that health care will cost New York?
J. Langer
Staten Island | <urn:uuid:644432bb-86ca-4def-91be-9bb201b4268f> | https://nypost.com/2010/03/27/a-ny-space-shuttle-or-liftoff-for-chuck/ | en | 0.880284 | 0.031343 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
Motorola Moto Z3 Review: A Solid Sub-$500 Smartphone
Motorola is touting the Moto Z3 as being "5G Upgradeable" but that doesn't matter in 2018, since the 5G Moto Mod isn't available until early 2019. However, the Moto Z3 is still a very solid smartphone, despite sporting last year's Snapdragon 835, coming in at $480.
Motorola's Moto Z3 sits in a rather interesting position this year. It's clearly the company's "high-end" smartphone, however, it is priced lower than the arguably, mid-ranged Moto Z3 Play. This is partly because it is running on Qualcomm's 2017 flagship chipset, the Snapdragon 835. Which makes many people wonder, whether this device is worth it? For under $500, it does have a whole lot going for it, which is not a surprise. But let's find out if it is worth picking up the Moto Z3, for $480!
The Moto Z3 sports a 6.01-inch, 18:9 aspect ratio display. With a Full HD+ resolution of 2160x1080, and it is an AMOLED panel - which is what Motorola has used on the Moto Z series for a few years now. Under-the-hood, you'll find the Qualcomm Snapdragon 835 chipset, with 4GB of RAM and 64GB of storage. There is also a micro SD card slot, that can support up to 2TB of storage - however, currently micro SD cards only go up to 400GB.
In the Box
Included in the box with the Moto Z3, you'll find the phone right on top, as you might expect from any smartphone maker. You'll also find the TurboPower charger, as well as the USB-C cable and a USB-C to 3.5mm headphone jack dongle included. Unlike the Moto Z3 Play, the Moto Z3 does not include a Moto Mod in the box.
Since Motorola had decided to support Moto Mods for three years, it was forced to stick with mostly, the same design since the original Moto Z that was released back in 2016. Three years with basically the same design, doesn't usually bode well for sales. Motorola has made some differences over the years. Like moving the fingerprint sensor to the side, giving the device a taller display. But for the most part it looks a lot like the original Moto Z. That may not be an issue for some users, as this is still a good looking smartphone, but some decisions here are a bit questionable, and it's all because of Moto Mods. For instance, the fingerprint sensor on the side. Many would move it to the back. However, that's not possible. And that's because of Moto Mods.
Motorola went back to a glass and metal sandwich here on the Moto Z3. So the backside is all glass, and it will scratch pretty easily. This is covered in Gorilla Glass 3, so it won't scratch super easy like Gorilla Glass 5 would. But you'll still want to toss it into a case, or grab a Style Shell from Motorola. The back of the Moto Z3 includes the huge camera bump, which many people don't like, but the whole point to this camera bump is again, Moto Mods. The camera bump helps keep Moto Mods attached to the back of the phone. There are also the connectors at the bottom of the Moto Z3, which is how Moto Mods work with the Moto Z3. There are Motorola and Verizon logos on the back here, but once you put on a Moto Mod or Style Shell, you won't even see them.
The left side of the phone is where you'll find the power button with the volume buttons on the right side. The volume buttons are actually separate buttons. So it will take some getting used to, using those buttons in the dark or when not looking at your device. But all of these buttons are very clicky, and easy to press. They are not stiff at all, and that's definitely a good thing here. Now below the volume buttons, you'll find the fingerprint sensor, which works pretty well. The top of the Moto Z3 is where the SIM card and micro SD card slot is located. With the bottom of the device housing the USB-C connector. There is no speaker on the bottom, as that is in the earpiece.
Motorola is pretty well-known for its "industrial" build quality on its smartphones. And despite using glass here on the Moto Z3, it's still pretty industrial. Motorola isn't known for creating smartphones that are flashy with color changing backs, or anything like that. Motorola focuses more on the usability of the phone. So while the Moto Z3 may look boring, it definitely is not. But, holding the phone, without a Moto Mod or Style Shell on, it does feel rather naked and a bit weird in the hand. That's due to the back being flat instead of curved like most smartphones today - as well as the camera sticking out so much.
For many, the display on the Moto Z3 is going to be a downgrade from the Moto Z2 Force on a few levels. Firstly, because it is no longer a shatter-proof display. Secondly, because Motorola went from a Quad HD resolution to a Full HD+ resolution on the Moto Z3. However, Motorola did keep the AMOLED panel here, so it does still look rather nice. Now with Motorola making the display about half an inch larger, and dropping the resolution, that means that the pixel density also dropped quite a bit (534 down to 402). But that shouldn't be the reason why you don't buy the Moto Z3. The display here still looks really good and sharp. It's an AMOLED panel, which means that the colors are really going to pop, especially when you are watching movies and such.
Brightness on this display is basically what you'd expect from an AMOLED display. It does get pretty dim, making it great for using in bed or in the dark. But it can also get plenty bright. It is able to be used in direct sunlight, which is definitely important these days. As many smartphones that aren't AMOLED have issues with working in direct sunlight. The Adaptive Brightness here works decently, but it can be a bit too aggressive in terms of trying to save battery life. So you may want to turn that off, from time to time.
While many are making a big deal out of Motorola using a year-old processor, it is still using one of Qualcomm's best chipsets in the Snapdragon 845. Sure, over time, the Snapdragon 835 will start to show its age. But with Motorola using a stock version of Android - which is very light - and 4GB of RAM, performance is not an issue. The Moto Z3 was able to do everything we threw at it with ease, and no lag or slowdowns at all. That's how it should work, anyways, but still nice to see a slightly older chipset still pulling its own weight.
When it comes to the RAM included here, 4GB might seem a bit on the light side, seeing as smartphones that are $700 or more, are coming with 6GB and even 8GB of RAM nowadays. But it's still plenty for Android. Remember, Motorola uses stock Android, so it's not adding in a bunch of extra software and elements into the OS that needs more RAM. It's keeping everything lightweight here, so that less RAM and slower processors will work better on this phone versus something like the Galaxy Note 9.
Sound Quality
In recent years, Motorola has pioneered stereo speakers, by only adding one speaker. Motorola was one of the first to have a down-firing speaker and then use the earpiece as a second speaker, for stereo speakers. But, since the Moto X4 was released last fall, it has moved towards just using the earpiece as its only speaker. This means that Motorola can save more space inside, and provide a cleaner look on the frame of the phone. But it also means that the speaker isn't going to be as loud. That earpiece doesn't get all that loud, and that is definitely seen here on the Moto Z3. The single speaker here, can sometimes be hard to hear, and that's at full volume. The actual sound quality here is actually not too bad, it's just tough to hear it sometimes. And unfortunately, there is no headphone jack here, so you can't just plug in your headphones - unless you remembered to bring your dongle with you.
There are two biometric options here for securing the Moto Z3. That includes the fingerprint sensor which is side-mounted now, as well as Face Unlock. The fingerprint sensor still works really well on the right-hand side of the device. It's right where your finger is likely already resting while you are holding the phone. It's quick and accurate to recognize your finger as well. Now Face Unlock is also pretty quick. And in dark situations, it will light up the screen to illuminate your face and unlock the device. Both of these options are pretty good for unlocking your phone. But it's a better idea to use the fingerprint sensor, since it is more secure. Not to mention the fact that it works with many apps for authentication.
Phone Calls & Network
The Moto Z3 had three benchmarks run on it, during our review process. That includes AnTuTu, 3D Mark and GeekBench 4. On AnTuTu, it picked up a score of 192,242. Over on GeekBench 4, it grabbed a single-core score of 1932, and a multi-core score of 6175. Meanwhile on 3D Mark, it picked up a score of 3,465 in the Sling Shot Extreme - OpenGL ES 3.1 test, and a 2,651 in the Sling Shot Extreme - Vulkan test. These scores are pretty much what is expected for a device running the Snapdragon 835 and 4GB of RAM. Not the highest numbers, but still respectable. You can see the full results in the gallery below.
Battery Life
Moto Z3 does support Quick Charge 3.0. This is going to allow you to quickly charge up your smartphone and top it off. Quick Charge 3.0 is able to fully recharge this battery in a little under 90 minutes. Compared to conventional charging, that's pretty quick. It makes it a great way to top off your battery before you start heading out for the night. There's no wireless charging here, despite the glass back. However, if you purchase one of Motorola's Style Shells, you can get wireless charging, as Qi support is built-in there.
At the time of reviewing the Moto Z3, it was running on Android 8.1.0 Oreo, with the June 1, 2018 security update. We have not received any software updates during the review process. That is not particularly a surprise, considering Motorola usually sends out fewer but larger updates, instead of more frequent smaller updates. It is, unfortunately, not running on Android 9 Pie. This was announced before Pie became a stable version of Android, so it's not too surprising. But Motorola has said that the Moto Z3 will get Android 9 Pie. However, there's no word on when just yet.
Motorola is sticking to its approach of keeping software simple, on the Moto Z3. That includes running stock Android here, along with a few features that are included from Motorola via the Moto app. Now with these features being included in the Moto app, Motorola is able to update them by pushing out app updates through the Play Store. This is easier for Motorola, as it doesn't need to compile an entire software update, and it doesn't need to get it certified by various partners (including Google and Verizon). But within the Moto app, you'll find Moto Actions, Moto Display and Moto Voice. None of these are actually new on the Moto Z3, they've actually been around for quite some time.
Moto Actions is a collection of gestures that you can enable or disable, depending on how you use your smartphone. This includes the Lift To Unlock, which will unlock your phone when you pick it up and look at the screen. This is done in conjunction with Face Unlock. There's also the three-finger swipe down for a screenshot, One Button Nav, Chop Twice for Flashlight and much more. Now Moto Display is a form of always-on display. It will "breathe" to show you the time, battery percentage, and whatever notifications you might have. This will only appear when you have notifications, or when you wave your hand over the phone. This is an easy way to check the time as well, without picking up your phone. Finally, Moto Voice, this is still in beta, but it's basically Google Assistant. It's an assistant that you can ask all sorts of questions to. Like the weather, what's on your calendar and much more. This feature isn't used all that much these days, since Google Assistant is already available here, and is much more feature-rich.
There are also suggestions now in the Moto app, with suggestions for different things to do on your phone. Like turning on the Night Display - to get rid of the blues and make it easier to use at night. It may also suggest things to free up some storage on your device, or get better battery life. This is similar to the suggestions that Google has included in the Settings app - starting with Android Oreo last year.
Software here is pretty self-explanatory really. There's nothing too special, Motorola has kept it nice and simple and clean. With Motorola running a stock version of Android, it is able to keep the experience pretty fluid and fast. And that's always a good thing on smartphones these days, as some smartphone makers can get carried away in creating their own "skin" for these smartphones.
Over the years, Motorola has struggled with its camera on smartphones. Though, it has gotten better in recent years. But the Moto Z3 is not the best smartphone camera available right now, however it'll get the job done. One of the biggest complaints with any Motorola smartphone's camera is the portrait mode. It does seem to have improved since the Moto Z3 Play - released a few months ago - but it does still have trouble with edge-detection. It will sometimes blur out the edges of the item that is focusing in on. Now this is actually a pretty common thing with portrait mode on smartphones, but it usually isn't an issue on dual-camera smartphones like this. Fortunately, it does seem like Motorola is making some progress here, and can still improve it some more with software updates, so hopefully that does actually happen.
Outside of portrait mode, Motorola has a few other cool modes in the Moto Z3. There's Cutout, True black and white, Spot color, Cinemagraph, Panorama, Text scanner, and face filters. On the video side, there's slow-motion, timelapse, true black and white, YouTube Live and Face filters. For slow-motion, the Moto Z3 is able to do 1080p at 120fps or 720p at 240fps. Unfortunately, it can't do the super slow-motion that other flagships can, at 960fps.
The Good
Display quality
Build quality
Battery life
Software experience
The Bad
Outdated (slightly) software
Same boring design as last year, and year before
No headphone jack
Wrap Up
The Moto Z3 is still an interesting phone. It seems like Motorola only made this phone for the 5G Moto Mod - that won't even be available until next year. That's the entire selling point of this phone, that it's 5G-upgradeable. But it does offer a pretty good device for under $500, for those that want a "flagship" but don't want to pay nearly $1,000 for phones like the Galaxy Note 9, or even the upcoming LG V40.
Should I Buy the Moto Z3?
Probably not. If you are not on Verizon, the Moto Z3 Play is a better option, and it's only $20 more (or if you buy from Amazon, it's $30 less) as it has better battery life, and comes with the Moto Mod battery pack in the box. If you are on Verizon, it's still a tough sell. As there are plenty of other great options to pick up. However, if you do want something under $500, and want to buy from Verizon, then this is a good option.
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About the Author
Alexander Maxham
Section Editor
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Should parents have to meet certian standards before having a child?
Asked by: Bruinshockeyfan
• Its better for society
Why should poor, uneducated and irresponsible people be allowed to have kids? Most likely, the kids will end up the same way, and the rest of society will be supporting them for a good portion of their lives. It would be better for society if we only allowed people who are prepared to raise a child properly (both financially and mentally) reproduce.
• A License Would Be Best
We license people so that they have to learn specific knowledge and abilities to a minimal level before they can participate in things which could potentially harm other people or society as a whole.
Terrible parenting is at least indirectly responsible for a lot of harm to people and society, and it could be fixed with a license to be a parent.
Don't pass the test by the deadline (near the child's birth)? The child is taken from you and given to someone on the adoption list, and it's that simple.
• Certain people are not Parent material
People who are impoverished or do not meet certain living standards or have mental health issues and cannot provide for a child have no business reproducing. Why should someone who cannot take care of themselves have the right to have a child?. That is not to say that reproduction should only be reserved for people of wealth or certain social standing but if a couple wants to have a child they should at least for the sake of their future son or daughter meet certain standards to insure their child will be educated and .Have a decent upbringing.
• Responsibility, Being Ready, Having a Stable Income, Good Environment
I believe you need to have at least the three of the qualifications I listed above. You need to be ready to have children. You need to be ready to take care of them because they are your responsibility. I believe having a stable income is VERY important is raising a child. They are human beings and take a lot of work and money to raise. They are the next generation, and they deserve a good environment to be raised in.
• Yes they should
If people want to bring a child into the world then they should meet standards. It would be unfair for a child to be born to unprepared parents, a family in poverty, or parents with social or mental issues. Then there are people who cant afford to have children. They would have to rely on government support or other types of welfare. Having standards will decrease the spending on welfare and help our government save money. Yes, some people say it isnt fair and interfers with rights. It wont be fair for the child living in a bad situation. The child wont have much control either. So either way it is unfair. This would reduce welfare spending and the amount of children in poverty.
• Having children comes with lots of responsibility
Parents should always meet certain standards before having children. Taking care of a child is hard work and requires lots of responsibility. Not only do you have to fufull the childs needs, but you also have to raise them the best way lo possible. Before having a child some standards that should be achieved is maturity, patience, being responsible, etc.
• Children shouldn't suffer!
Children are innocent beings. Too many are brought into this world simply because their parents are too ignorant to use birth control. Race, religion, and culture should not impact who should have children and who should not, but people who are not responsible enough to raise children shouldn't have them!
• Yes yes yes
I grew up with a Mum who couldn't feed me and my sisters, no clothes that fit us. People should be able to grow up with the right standards. Think of all the children sitting starving and the people who rely on food banks to feed their children to be honest that isn't right. Your kid you feed them. End of.
• Parents should consider wisely before having a child.
In order to allow the child to have a better living standards, a couple has to be financially stable. As the living standards of highly-established countries rises precipitously, the basic necessities of the child are more difficult to obtain. Therefore, couples will have to evaluate on their total expenditure of having a child before getting one.
Parents should set good role models for a child. When a child arrives to this world, their minds are pure. Like a sponge, they can easily absorb whatever is taught to them. Parents are the first teachers of children. So, good habits are to be demonstrated by the parents, in turn, the child will pick up the ropes and gradually integrating them into their lives.
Parents should make judicious considerations before having a child, for it is a lifetime commitment.
• I fully agree with the statement above ; no t everybody is ready to become a parent.
Besides the financial stability that is required to meet a child's needs, I strongly believe that parenthood involves a lifetime commitment that requires putting your own goals and desires on hold for a while. Therefore, I feel that a certain degree of emotional maturity, integrity and selflessness should be part of a set of 'standards' that parents should meet before considering having a child. Parenting can be extremely fulfilling and one of the most empowering experiences, but it should be the result of a conscious decision.
• Nope they should'nt
God gave us the right to multiply, and whose the government to say whos allowed to have kids and who is not. It is not their role to play God, and we the people should not let them make these decisions. I understand that there are bad parents out there but let God be in charge on what he does to the parents that fail to meet their responsibilities
• Who decides the rules
Who defines a good parent? Who will control the rules? A good parent cannot be defined by society or the government. Its up to an individual and sadly bad parents are inevitable. Even if we did licence people what would stop them from being bad parents after the license? People receive driver license but many are poor drivers
• Absolutely not, no one is qualified to make this decision
Aside from the fact this would be a little impossible to police, in my opinion this would be a violation of the basic rights of a people. Who would define the standards? With regard to financial stability this can be a moving target; a loss of employment or a medical emergency can change the financial status of a family in a heartbeat. To be honest I do not believe that the quality of person's parenting skills is defined by their wealth. There are far too many factors that influence the outcome of a child's life. Sometimes great strength and love are the outcome of shared trials. There will always be good parents and unfortunately there will always be bad parents. Occasionally bad parents find within themselves the strength to become good parents. We never know what the future holds and I would have trouble laying this decision in the hands of any person or group. You don't have to be wealthy or brilliant to be a wonderful parent; you just have to be loving and responsible. This is a quite different decision than removing children from abusive parents.
• This is a violation of their natural right to have a family.
What's the point if these two individuals are married if they would not have a baby for not meeting certain standards? People enter to a marriage to have a family. But to make it more difficult for them to have a baby is just a clear unnecessary intrusion of the private life of the couples. And what are the standards to have baby? Setting standards would just limit couples to enjoy their relationship. Also, having a baby becomes a privilege instead of a right. This means that only selected few can have baby and this is discrimination.
• It is racist
I am sorry guys to throw out the race card. But this is undeniably an undercover racist agenda. Its even been used before. Think about it, minorities are the poorest people in this country that supposedly aren't good enough to reproduce. I really think people need to think about this
• Abuse to everyone
Other than the obvious lack of a viable option if one who isn't cleared to procreate does what happens, is the baby killed, is it aborted before being born, is it given up for adoption? Also do both parties have to meet qualifications? Could just the mother be cleared and the father doesn't have too be. It just seems like this is not really viable, it makes sense on the surface but logically I don't see it ever being a serious discussion topic, definitely not a policy.
• The standards are set by the parents.
Anyone who becomes a parent or planning to has a right to pick and chose where they want to live, what religion, how they want to raise the children, in what school and how many children they want to have in a family.
The standards need to be set by DHS for the ones who show up with the second child ect..., that cannot take care of the first child. They need to provide birth control to them, financial courses to help them with finances and ways to get educated so they can provide for the children themselves.
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7 Tips For Sticking To Your Budget
Assuming by this point you’ve already completed the initial setup of your budget, now you just have to stick to it. You’re already aware of your goals, how much you make, and how much you’d like to spend in various categories. You’ve put in the hours going through all your financials and you know it’s possible to achieve your goals with just a little dedication and work. You set up a plan and now it’s time to execute.
Easier said than done right? Tips For Sticking To A BudgetThe set up is actually the easy part when it comes to budgeting. The really hard work starts now. If you can’t muster the mental toughness and dedication to execute your plan, then your plan is as worthless as the paper you wrote it on. You are going to be tempted by old habits and new temptations. You’ll inevitably deviate from your budget and fail to execute 100%. The important thing is that when you fail, you don’t give up. Mistakes aren’t the end of budgeting. The true financial warriors pick up and strive to get better each day.
In this article, we’ve put together some tips for budgets to help keep them on track. Sticking to a budget can be a hard task, but there are certainly things you can do to increase your success rate. Here are just a few tips we can give:
How To Stick To A Budget
1. Remember the rewards. Constantly remind yourself of what you are going to be getting in return for what you are giving up. It can be easy to get caught up in what you are “losing” by budgeting which can make it hard to stay the course. By reminding yourself daily what you are working towards, you can increase your mental willpower to keep you on track. Write yourself some sticky notes to put around the house, or watch a daily motivational video. Find what works for you.
2. Change your mindset. Start thinking in terms of whether or not you need each thing that you’re buying/paying for. Can you live with out it? Do you really need to replace x item or can you fix it instead? How many uses will you get out of x item for y cost?
3. Only bring cash out with you. If spending discipline is tough on you, then start using only cash. While credit cards can be an amazing money saving tool if used right, they also psychologically make it easier for you to spend money. By using only cash and limiting the amount you bring with you, you are forcing yourself to not be able to over spend. You’re also feeling the pain as you see your hard earned cash literally be handed over in exchange for what you’re buying.
4. Prioritize paying off debt. With debt comes interest. Interest makes paying off debt take way longer, especially if you are making small payments. If you make paying off your debt your top priority, it will open up more opportunities for your money much faster than if you continue to pay off little bits of debt while the interest racks up.
5. Budget with friends. Friends can be a great accountability partner for you. If you get your friends to start budgeting their money you can turn budgeting into a game of who’s doing it the better and who’s saving more each month. Plus, you’ll be helping them increase their financial awareness and in turn helping yourself by gaining someone who is keeping you accountable to your goals.
6. Have a “miscellaneous” fund. Let’s face it. There’s always things each month that you never could have though or planned for buying. That’s why having a “miscellaneous” category on your budget can be a great way to buy the random things that come up, while still not overspending.
7. Reward yourself. While this may sound counter intuitive, having a “reward” budget category where you save a set amount each month that you can spend on yourself ONLY if you successfully followed your budget can be a big initiative to keep you on track. You can spend the fund on anything you want so long as you met your goals for that month.
Sticking to a budget can be one of the hardest parts of budgeting in general. Over time and with practice you will get better at sticking to it, but it will always be something that is challenging. Spending money is a part of daily life, just make sure you never let it get out of your control.
About the Author Finance Fireplace Staff
Finance Fireplace is your source for all things personal finance. We are dedicated to helping you learn more about how to save and manage your money.
follow me on: | <urn:uuid:ef9bc4cb-8f2c-4311-9cd1-58a3cf4e62fe> | https://www.financefireplace.com/7-tips-for-sticking-to-your-budget/ | en | 0.945258 | 0.043869 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
6 ways to enjoy fiber in your diet
Image: Thinkstock
Cereals containing whole grains provide insoluble fiber; fruits furnish soluble fiber.
Adding this good-for-you substance doesn't have to be like eating cardboard. It can actually make your meals and snacks more satisfying.
You can probably recite the benefits of dietary fiber—reduced risks of colon cancer, heart disease, and diabetes top the list. It also prevents constipation and helps you lose weight. These are the foods that even help hemorrhoids. Yet if you've resisted meeting the daily guidelines of 25 to 35 grams of fiber per day despite knowing how good it is for you, could it be that you think of high-fiber foods as dull, dry, and tasteless?
"High-fiber food doesn't have to taste like the box it's packaged in," says Stacey Nelson, manager of clinical nutrition at Harvard-affiliated Massachusetts General Hospital. She's quick to note that natural whole foods can provide all the fiber you need, along with a cascade of color and taste. The secret is to add them to your diet, a few at a time. Working a little more fiber into every meal and snack can inject some variety into your diet and fill you up faster. Nelson offers these tips:
1. Substitute fruits or veggies. They're a good snacking alternative to refined or processed foods like chips, pretzels, and crackers. They're great with salsas, nut butters, Greek yogurt, and other dips. If you're bored with the standard crudité platter, swap bok choy, fennel, jicama, or a bunch of frozen grapes for the usual celery sticks and carrot spears.
2. Check the first ingredient. For bread, cereal, or pasta, the list of ingredients should begin with the word "whole," as in whole wheat or whole rolled oats. Whole grains naturally contain more fiber, protein, and antioxidants, and fewer artificial colors and flavors than refined grains. Just because a label says "seven grain" or "12 grain" does not necessarily mean that the grains are whole; all seven or 12 grains might be refined.
3. Be creative. Find ways to add more legumes and beans to your diet. Chickpeas, pinto beans, black beans, lentils, and dried green and yellow peas are great bases for soups and stews. Mash them and stir them into dips or spread them on wraps and sandwiches.
4. Don't overlook seeds. You're probably aware that walnuts, almonds, and other nuts are good sources of fiber, but so are seeds—particularly sunflower seeds, flaxseeds, and sesame seeds. Sprinkle a tablespoon or two of your favorite seed on breakfast cereals and salads.
5. Eat the peels. A lot of the fiber is in the fruit's protective cover. While you aren't expected to devour a banana peel, you'll gain fiber when you enjoy apples, pears, peaches, cucumbers, and potatoes, skin and all.
6. Make your own popcorn. Homemade popcorn is likely to be better for you than microwaved or bagged popcorn, especially if you use an air popper. Drizzle on a little olive oil and get creative with seasonings.
Types and Sources of Dietary Fiber
What it does
How it helps
Where to find it
Soluble fiber
Dissolves in water, forming a gel in intestines
Binds to fatty substances in intestines and helps carry them out as waste, lowering LDL cholesterol
Regulates the body's use of sugars, helping keep hunger and blood sugar in check
• Dried beans
• Peas
• Lentils
• Oats
• Barley
• Apples
• Bananas
• Berries
• Citrus fruits
• Pears
• Broccoli
• Carrots
• Spinach
Insoluble fiber
Holds on to water, moving waste through intestinal tract
Helps push food through intestinal tract quickly, helping to prevent constipation
• Whole-wheat products
• Wheat and
corn bran
• Asparagus
• Broccoli
• Celery
• Tomatoes
• Zucchini
• Skins of apples, pears, potatoes | <urn:uuid:af920600-7f66-4e66-9281-1a86b118ceb3> | https://www.health.harvard.edu/newsletter_article/6-ways-to-enjoy-fiber-in-your-diet | en | 0.91558 | 0.026437 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
How-to: Build a PC
Building a PC can be a daunting task. It takes research and patience. Rushing through a build can create immediate or intermittent issues. In this tutorial, I'll walk you through the process of of installing the PC components and provide some handy tips along the way. This tutorial uses parts for an Intel based system. The parts for an AMD based system are similar; the only difference is the motherboard and processor. I'll toss in a brief segway into AMD processor installations for those of you going with the underdog. Let's get started!
Step 1: Parts and Tools
Gather the components. The components I use in this build are listed in parenthesis.
The bare minimum components for a computer to POST are are
power supply (Antec Earthwatts 380 Watt)
motherboard (ECS G31T-M MicroATX motherboard)
processor (CPU) and heatsink (Intel E5200 2.5GHz)
memory (2x1GB DDR2 Crucial Ballistix)
video card [can be onboard] (EVGA 8800GTS 320MB)
The other components of a standard computer are:
optical drive (none, I use an external USB DVDRW)
hard drive (SATA: Maxtor 160GB, IDE: Samsung 80GB)
case (Cooler Master Centurion 5)
magnetic screwdriver
gloves (latex will do, but antistatic gloves are better)
cable ties
cable mounts
thumb screws
thermal compound
cleaning rag
rubbing alcohol
Step 2: First Things First
First things first, read the motherboard and case manuals! It will have important information that you will need for the install process. Have them within arms reach during the build. Clear a large work area. This makes it much easier to find small things you may drop. Gather all the tools and components needed for your build. Inspect all the components to ensure it hasn't been damaged during shipping.
A magnetic screwdriver makes it easier to guide the screw into it's hole. A flat head screwdriver makes turning the Intel heatsink pin easier if you need to remove it.
Gloves serve two purposes: they protect your hands from nicks and scratches and the prevent the oil on your hands from contacting the components. Cable ties and mounts organize the plethora of cables inside the case. It will help with airflow and prevent wires from hitting fans. Thumb screws ease the removal of the side panel. Thermal compound, a cleaning rag, and rubbing alcohol are needed if you want to replace the existing compound with something that transfers heat better.
Step 3: Beginning the Install: the Motherboard and Processor
Step 4: Beginning the Install: Heatsink Installation
Line up the CPU fan over the four holes. Now this is where the antistatic pad comes in handy. The heatsink pins will protrude through the bottom of the motherboard. If the motherboard were on a flat surface, it becomes difficult to properly install the heatsink. If the motherboard is installed in a case, there may not be much room to manuveur to install the heatsink.
Position the heatsink over the four holes around the CPU socket. Notice how I positioned the heatsink relative to the placement of the CPU fan power connector. While pressing down on one corner of the heatsink, press the pin down on the opposite corner. Now, keep pressure on the same corner and press down the pin in that corner. Do the same for the remaining two pins.
The third photo shows how the pin should look on the bottom of the motherboard. Without the padding from the antistatic pad, the pin may not insert fully or worse, the plastic mount may become unuseable.
Note: If one of the pins didn't get installed properly, use a flat head screwdriver (or hand turn it) and turn the pin counter clockwise. This will release the pin. Pull the pin up fully, then hand turn the pin so that the line is purpendicular to the heatsink.
Tip: Make a loose knot with the fan power cable. This picks up loose slack and makes looks organized.
Step 5: Installing AMD Processors
If you have an AMD processor, the installation is a bit easier.
Lift the CPU lever, orient the CPU and drop it in. Press down on it and close the lever.
If you need to add thermal compound, wipe off the old compound and use a thin amount of the new compound. Using too much can increase heat retention.
Place the heatsink in the mounting bracket, loosen the latch, apply the clip to the mounting bracket, tighten the latch. Easy.
Step 6: Installing Memory
Next, install the RAM into the RAM slots. Many motherboards have two pairs of color coded slots. To enable dual channel, you need to install memory in pairs. You also need to populate one set of color slots. Also be sure to install the proper RAM type. There are three primary types currently available, DDR, DDR2, and DDR3. DDR2 is currently the most popular (and cheapest). DDR RAM has 184 pins, DDR2 and DDR3 have 240 pins. These three types of RAM are about the same size, but have notches in different places.
Align the notch on the RAM module with the notch in the RAM slot. Press down on the RAM module, then pull the white clips up to lock the RAM in place.
Tip: Press down on the RAM module and lightly wiggle it back and forth. This ensures all the pins will make reliable contact.
Step 7: Optional: Testing the Bundle
Optional, but recommended: Test the bundle. You 'll need to have the power supply outside of the case.
Refer to your motherboard manual and find the section that describes the front panel header. Unfortunately, this motherboard doesn't have a diagram imprinted and is not color coded on the motherboard. That's OK, because the manual will tell you the pin configuration. Right now, all we're interested in is the power switch pins. For my motherboard, it's the pins next to the blank header spot labeled PWR_SW_P. You can use your screwdriver to turn the bundle on by touching these two pins. The pins in this header are very low voltage. Touching the wrong set of pins will not damage the board. The speaker header has a +5Volt line which can cause damage, but you would need a very wide screwdriver to cause a short circuit. If you're afraid of breaking something, skip this step.
Grab your power supply and connect the 20/24 pin power connector, the 4/8 pin CPU power cable.
If you have onboard video, skip to the next paragraph.
Align the edge of the bundle with the edge of the motherboard box. Grab your video card and connect the monitor cable and if necessary, the 6 pin power cable. Insert your video card into the�large PCI Express slot closest to the CPU. Be careful not to put stress on the video card since it's basicly being held up by the PCI Express slot.
Plug in the power supply. If there is a switch on the back of the power supply, put it in the ON position. If there is a greed LED on your motherboard, it should light up signifying the board is receiving power. Now, simutaneously touch the two power switch pins that you found in the motherboard manual for a brief moment with your screwdriver. You should see the fan spin and the BIOS screen on the monitor.
Switch the power supply off or unplug it.
Step 8: Install the Bundle
Now we're on to the case. Remove the side panel. Install the power supply if necessary. The power supply can only be installed in one orientation.
Install the motherboard standoffs into the case. There's usually 6 for micro-atx motherboards and 6 to 10 for atx motherboards. Make sure you put the standoffs in the right places or you can cause a short circuit.
Snap in the I/O shield. Make sure it is fully inserted or the motherboard may not line up properly with the standoffs. You may need to bend some metal bars upwards to ease the installation of the bundle.
Note: Screws for the standoffs can be coarse thread or fine thread. Try the coarse thread first and if it doesn't fully screw down, use fine thread screws.
Note: If for some reason, your case came with paper washers for the mounting holes, do not use them. The screws help ground the motherboard to the case.
Step 9: Fun With Wires
Now the fun part. Connecting the tiny wires for the front panel header. There will be at least four sets of wires (8 wires total): power, reset, power led, and hdd led. Take a look at the wires from the case. The ground wires will be either black or white. The important colors that we need to know are the orange cable which is the positive HDD led cable and the green cable which is the positive power led cable. If the orientation of the HDD led and power led are reversed, the light will not work. The orientation of the power switch and reset switch do not matter. Use the diagram in your motherboard manual to find the positive HDD led cable and positive power LED cable and connect those first in the proper orientation.Next, connect the power and reset cables.
Note: Some motherboards have 3 blocks for the power led, some have two blocks. Some cases have 3 blocks and don't fit into motherboards with 2 blocks. You can either break the center unused block to connect the wires or move one wire over and have a block hanging off the side of the header.
Step 10: Drives and Connectors
There are two types of drives that are installed in computers, optical drives and hard disk drives. They come in two varieties, IDE and SATA. SATA is the newer standard utilizing thin cables and faster transfer speeds. All modern motherboards have SATA connectors whereas IDE connectors are fading out.
When using IDE devices, be sure to properly set the jumpers for Master and Slave devices. There are three connectors on a standard IDE cable with a red stripe on one side of the cable. The red stripe will be closest to the power connector of the optical or hard disk drive. The blue connector goes to the motherboard. The device connected to the opposite end of the cable must be set to Master. The device connected to the middle of the cable must be set to Slave.
Tip: If you have an 80 pin cable, you can set your devices to cable select. The motherboard will automatically set the device as master or slave depending on where it is connected to the cable. Most modern motherboards come with an 80 pin cable.
The SATA connectors have made things easier. Only one device can connect to a SATA cable. The connectors can only connect in one orientation. The cable is thin and pretty flexible allowing for better airflow. To connect a device, yo just plug the SATA cable into the device and motherboard.
Step 11: Install Your Drives: Optical Drive
Cases can vary a great degree. Some cases use rails to mount the drives, some are screwless. Refer to your case manual on how the drives should be installed. I'll document how to install drives into a Cooler Master Centurion case as a reference and include photos of other cases.
Optical Drive
Remove the front cover by lifting the front panel from the bottom of the case.
Remove the metal EMI shield from the slot you plan on using. (I prefer using the top slot)
Unscrew the slot cover. Replace the front cover.
Install the optical drive by sliding the drive in from the front of the case until it's flush with the case. Slide the plastic lever forward and lock the drive in place.
Note: All optical drives use fine thread screws.
Step 12: Install Your Drives: Optical Drive (cont'd)
Some cases use a rail system. Some cases just need the slot cover removed and the drive slides in.
Step 13: Install Your Drives: Hard Drive
Hard Drive
Install the HDD into a 3.5" bay. Slide the plastic lever forward and lock the drive in place. Connect the data cables for your devices. If you're using IDE devices, do not fold and flatten the cable. This can damage the wires in the cable causing errors.
Note: All HDD's use course thread screws
Tip: If you have multiple HDD's, space them out for better airflow. If your case has a fan that blows over the HDD, mount the drives behind the fan. This can extend the life of the hdd which holds all your data.
Step 14: Finish It Up
If you have case fans, you'll either be plugging it into the motherboard or to the power supply. Plug in any other case cables you may have (Firewire, USB, audio). The cables are usually color coded.
You can install any other add on cards you may have before installing the video card. Due to it's size, you should install the video card last. Remove slot cover(s) and install your video card.
Tip: If you have a lot of fans, I recommend plugging them into the power supply to reduce the power load on the motherboard.
Plug in your power connectors. You'll be plugging in the primary 20/24 pin ATX cable, 4/8 pin CPU power cable, 6/8 pin video card cable (if necessary), and a power cable for each drive. Use cable ties and pads to organize the jumble of wires. That should be it! Plug in your power supply and test it out.
Phew! I wanted to make it under 10 pages, but there's a lot to cover. Good luck and let me know if I missed something.
Step 15: Video of All the Steps
I'll post a video of the build process soon. It won't be completely detailed, but it should give you a good visual of how to do things.
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145 Discussions
2 years ago
I am very impressed! Genius!
2 years ago
Do you think a Raedon 7770 HD GDDR5 1 GB would handle Arma 3 okay
3 years ago on Introduction
This is good. I always think connecting the cables up is the biggest PITA. I wrote a guide to help build a gaming PC. Link is: - feedback welcome!
shaik Sha
4 years ago
thanks for the information
6 years ago on Introduction
Wow this was only 3 years ago but already everything seems ancient. Computers sure advance fast!
1 reply
9 years ago on Introduction
I'm planning on building a new computer. Will this work? It's mostly a general home PC (no 3D gaming, not too much strenuous tasks). CPU: Intel Core 2 Duo E8500 Motherboard: Asus P5QL-E RAM: Corsair DDR2800 800Mhz (2X1024MB dual-channel) Case: Huntkey H401 Case Fan: CoolerMaster 12CM Blue Led Case Fan PSU: Antec ATX TruePower 550W Trio Keyboard: Logitech Newtouch Keyboard 200 USB Mouse: Logitech Optical mouse USB Black Disc Drive: Asus DRW-20B1LT 20x DVDRW SATA LightScribe Hard Drive: Samsung 640G 7200RPM SATAII Monitor: Acer V223WB 22inch Widescreen 5ms Black Operating System: Microsoft Windows Vista Home Premium 32bit (OEM) Graphics Card: Asus EN8400GS Silent 256M HDTV DVI PCI Express Should I improve something?
13 replies
Reply 9 years ago on Introduction
As said below, CPU is overkill, but that's not a bad thing...Just stay away form 3dfx cards. I suggest more than one hard drive, no matter what you have. Set windows to use the secondary drive for the swap file instead of you primary, this will vastly improve performance because read/writes will be done aside from your primary drive, optimizing RAM usage. Lose Vista....The smart people use WinXP SP2 if anything, and know better. Vista will never be as good as XpSP2. Don't let the myth of "newer is better" fool you. Your system is great with exception to Vista. Vista offers nothing more than problems for you, XP SP2 is ideal for this system. If you are that excited about Vista, then get the real thing: Mac OSX 10, or Leopard. After all, Vista was merely an MS port of OSX10 anyway, and a very poor one at that.
Reply 9 years ago on Introduction
I've been using Vista since SP1 has came out and this is what I think about people who say it sucks: rubbish. Vista isn't a slow, memory-hogging, totally incompatible worthless piece of junk, it's simply brilliant! No-one in the whole entire universe can put me off my personal favourite OS, and no, it's not because it's new! I don't give a fig for what Vista SP1 vs. XP SP3 reviewers say. 2 hard drives... My budget doesn't really extend that far, but I guess the "overkill" CPU will make up for the performance drops. As for Mac... Well... If you swapped the title for a Vista review to "Mac OSX 10 review" then it would be perfect.
Reply 6 years ago on Introduction
You're having a laugh! Vista's (I hate even the thought of it) is RUBBISH). I just about managed to put up with it for 3 years, and have now got Windows 7 Ultimate 32 bit very cheaply because I am a UK student (see my Instructable:
Reply 8 years ago on Introduction
Yes, and OSX is just a port of Linux, although a very good one! Why not go to the Master OS, Ubuntu? Totally free, Windows and Mac compatible, huge array of FREE apps, you don't have to pay for MS Office, Photoshop, AutoCad, or almost anything else!
Investigate this OS, even if only to deal with the BSOD situations that WILL happen. You can burn a fully-operational boot-CD, and keep it safe for your time of need.
And they release a (free) update every 6 months, this thing just gets better!
Reply 9 years ago on Introduction
That CPU is pretty much overkill for what you are gonna do with it, you're better off with a E5200.
Reply 9 years ago on Introduction
I got a 2.8ghz Pentium 4 right now and it's SLOW. Everyone in the household is complaining about it. I've read many great things about Intel's E8000 series of CPUs, so i'm stuck with it.
Reply 9 years ago on Introduction
That most likely has more to do with your operating system or amount of RAM than your processor. Try reinstalling the OS, then upgrading RAM (to 1 or 2 GB) and I assure you your computer will be running mighty quick in no time. If you dont have a nice video card, and you want to play games, buy an 8600 GT or better, and you can even play crysis!
absolutely positvely not worth the money. A core i7 and a nice MB with quad SLI GTX295 will provide 3.576 teraflops, and will be much more functional. It supports NVIDIA's CUDA which is consistant with your link, and is only slightly less powerful. If you want, you could add another 295 which would provide another 1.788 teraflops (5.364 Tflops total). That doesnt even include the CPU, which is very, very good as well. (although scalar, not vector, if you know what that means) This rig would be 300 for case+PSU, 300 for CPU, 300 for MB, 1700 for GPUs, and 100 for other stuff. That doesnt even top 2000 dollars. (plus, if you buy the personal supercomputer, youd need a computer and extra CPU anyways)
20% of price, 500%+ of functionality, 134%+ of sheer power.
total=more than 1,440 cores.
Reply 9 years ago on Introduction
I think you ought to know a Core i7 920 isn't much faster than a Core 2 Duo E8600, but the i& costs much more. Anything more than the Core i7 920 is overkill, even by my standards. (Would you pay $2000 for a 3.3ghz quad core chip?)
Hi enigmacipher, was just scaning over the HOW TO BUILD A P.C .able. Now i am computer literate to a point and am enginering minded and trained but i have been away from computer technology for a long time. used to build my own p.c 's back in the day. The old 8086,186 ect up to the start of the pentium era. Now as in the how to build a p.c post nothing much has changed on the physical builing but the spec's are totally different world now. Could you expain to me ( treat me like a total new commer ) what is ment by the terminology you use. core i7, quad SLI GTX295, teraflops ? ? ?GPU's ? ? ? You may laugh at my ignorance but trust me i am just out of touch just give me a little push in the right direction and i'll be talking the talk in no time i promise. Thans. Mick Caulton, from Midlands, England. | <urn:uuid:e7f3c6cb-dfdd-43a0-bf7a-192fde285676> | https://www.instructables.com/id/How-to-Build-A-PC/ | en | 0.912852 | 0.036809 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
Friday, 1 February 2013
I Am The Master Of My Fate; I Am Captain Of My Soul
Last couple of days have been quite exhausting not physically but mentally. I find it satisfying sometimes to ponder questions which have significant impact on our life. Lately my mind has drifted several times towards impending questions of my future and what it may bring to me.
Can you truly picture what you want to be in future? It is a basic question but to understand it in depth you must answer it with honesty and integrity of your soul. Don’t cloud it with the thoughts of materialism that is inculcated in everyone’s mind from birth. Let your heart decide what path to tread and only then you’ll see what was always in plain sight but is hidden from you.
So once again back to my original question:
Can you truly picture what you want to be in future? Is it like a single image? or Is it like a list of possibilities all of which bear resemblance to your likely future? If so, Is there anything invariable in each of your dreams or picturisation of your future self?
Think about the time when you would realise your dream and answer my question. What is that you wish to be around yourself when you reach there? For a moment keep aside the wealth, position, recognition or awards that you desire and answer my question. These might still be important but they are not what should be used to define your life.
Everyone has preconceived notions about what future would look like. But do you truly believe that you could predict knowing the endless snags which lay in store for you out there.
I was getting frustrated pondering such endless list of questions which seemed unfathomable for the time being. So I took a break and started watching one of my favourite movie Invictus. The film tells the inspiring true story of how Nelson Mandela who after spending 27 years in jail and then becoming the first black president of South Africa, joined forces with the captain of South Africa's rugby team to help unite their country. Mandela shares with François a British poem, "Invictus", that had inspired him during his time in prison. I will share it with everyone for it truly stirs something deep and profound inside you.
Out of the night that covers me,
Black as the pit from pole to pole,
I thank whatever gods may be
For my unconquerable soul.
In the fell clutch of circumstance
I have not winced nor cried aloud.
Under the bludgeoning of chance
My head is bloody, but unbowed.
Beyond this place of wrath and tears
Looms but the Horror of the shade,
And yet the menace of the years
Finds and shall find me unafraid.
It matters not how strait the gate,
How charged with punishments the scroll.
I am the master of my fate:
I am the captain of my soul.
In these lines I found peace of mind and understanding about the most important aspect about the future. It does not matter what tomorrow might bring, it is our attitude towards life and strength of our heart which would decide our fate.
1. Super and mind blowing Speech by Chetan Bhagat at Symbiosis.... .
1. Gives the right picture of how life should be. Thank you for sharing.
2. nice one akash... n i would like to watch invictus if you have it ;)
4. motivational... but at some point sushant is right we r like prepaid card here ... just enjoy life in a right way :)
Blogarama - The Blog Directory | <urn:uuid:d8cf25e8-e79b-4aef-bb06-7509b2b2f001> | http://aakashsrivastav.blogspot.com/2013/02/i-am-master-of-my-fate.html | en | 0.961714 | 0.108081 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
Request a birthday file for the database to stamp the database with the proper products
If you're able to login using the Supervisor account, but not any other accounts, make sure the other accounts have the correct permissions setup.
1. Login with the Supervisor account
2. Go to Administration > Set up system security
3. Open the account receiving the error
4. If they have "selected group rights", make sure a group is selected for the user's permissions.
5. Click Save and Close
If Blackbaud hosts your database:
Contact Support and reference this article. | <urn:uuid:48e336d0-7a0e-4cb2-84fe-7f02ce8ba2a9> | http://kb.blackbaud.com/articles/Article/42430 | en | 0.849972 | 0.970604 | mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0-parquet |
Category: Nice Nikes (page 1 of 9)
Nike Juvenate Children&S
Dude, we not talking about a spur of the moment hook up here. This is a multi year hump fest with several women (that we know of). My only feeling on the issue is that if that what you want to do then rock on, man. You could argue for more training and more non lethal technology but apparently only this downvoted commenter is.I like to see more training and more non lethal technology in my community too. People know where to find the downvote button.The James Town Weed (which resembles the Thorny Apple of Peru, and I take to be the plant so call is supposed to be one of the greatest coolers in the world. This being an early plant, was gather very young for a boil salad, by some of the soldiers sent thither to quell the rebellion of Bacon (1676); and some of them ate plentifully of it, the effect of which was a very pleasant comedy, for they turned natural fools upon it for several days: one would blow up a feather in the air; another would dart straws at it with much fury; and another, stark naked, was sitting up in a corner like a monkey, grinning and making mows [grimaces] at them; a fourth would fondly kiss and paw his companions, and sneer in their faces with a countenance more antic than any in a Dutch droll.In this frantic condition they were confined, lest they should, in their folly, destroy themselves though it was observed that all their actions were full of innocence and good nature.
Armstrong, now 46, eventually dusted himself off and has slowly been plotting a course forward. He’s working on a sports endurance brand he calls WEDU. Though a formal launch isn’t expected until later this year, the company has already staged endurance rides in Texas and Aspen, Colo., and sells hats and shirts on its website.
Reverse the Aging ProcessWrinkle creams should only be used for individuals that actually have wrinkles. We all can prevent skin aging starting at early teenage years. Other major tips to keeping a youthful appearance is: drinking water, eating fruits, vegetables, whole wheat, smile more often, forgive those who’ve hurt you, and protect yourself from prolonged times in the sun.
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In deciding upon the terms of their partnership, Martina and Judy were determined to become joined in the sense that whatever decisions they made or ideas they might try, they would be equal in division of both losses and gains. A document stating these terms was co signed in a lawyer’s office, and their agreement videoed. According to Judy, she then created an almost womb like environment for Martina, taking charge of their household in every respect, making sure Martina ate the right foods before every match, wore suitable clothing, comforted her after defeats, and did all she could to assuage overall insecurities..
However, I will advise caution about having sex with a work colleague, though. If it goes wrong, then just imagine how things could get awkward at work. Especially if she gossips about you. Trotz, for his part, put off exit interviews of his own because, as he saw it, no one could have anything positive to say in such a negative situation. “Some guys were putting blame at the feet of teammates, coaches, stupid stuff how thick the towels are,” Trotz said. Instead, Trotz took what MacLellan told him and waited.
The fourth step in the strategy design process is visioning. In this step the strategy team narrows the possibilities to the preferred future. Here, the team asks of all the possibilities which one best suits our objectives and desired end state? In a nine step decision making model taught by the University of Phoenix, this step includes his a weighted comparison table to calculate which of the proposed solutions would be the most viable..
Good news! I am happy to say June 29th my father contacted me with an update on the road rager’s sentencing. Judge gave the 15 year minimum requirement for counts 1 2, she granted concurrency for both counts. She also sentenced counts 3 4 to 5 years and to be served concurrently with counts 1 2..
During the sixties, he and then wife Sylvie Vartan reigned as the king and queen of Gallic pop. Here, “the French Elvis” takes on the hit by Los Bravos with the aid of a checkerboard style set, the requisite team of go go dancers and groovy duds that’d make Austin Powers jealous.Franoise Hardy, Tous les garons et les filles (1962)Hardy was barely 18 when this song became a massive hit. At the time, the “y y” trend had created a demand for young female singers who could ooze wistfulness, innocence and sultriness Hardy delivered on all counts.
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Skin color = crime is a concern that we should dismiss. We should dismiss it because more often than not, it confounded by a bigger predispositional effect. Crime is, in major part, a downstream result of poverty and the resulting desperation or poor mental health which is also a result of poverty.
The analyst rates GE as “outperform,” with a price target of $25 a share, which is down from his previous $27 estimate. Dray believes GE’s stock “will effectively be in limbo” until the next company meeting with analysts on Nov. 13, when Flannery is expected to lay out more specifics on his long term strategic roadmap..
In Europe, it is not uncommon to find horse meat in the deli section of supermarkets as well as in butcher shops.”Commenter lclmanehere, however, said slaughtering horses for food was “reprehensible.””Horses spend their lives serving humans in so many capacities. And this is how we repay them for all their loyalty and hard work.”FedUpManitoban found the idea of eating horse meat unappetizing as well. “C’mon, eating a horse? What’s next? The great popularity of eating crows?”What’s your take? Should Canada ban the slaughter of horses for human consumption? Why or why not?Internet freedom: Should government have the ability to shut down the internet?The Egyptian government shut down access to the internet and the country’s cellphone data network early Friday, according to media reports.
In one corner, Mirror Mirror, a snarky retelling of the Snow White fairy tale. In the other, Wrath of the Titans, the sequel to the widely panned remake from 2010. Continue reading this post. While living in Los Angeles, Andrew never let go of his love for soccer. He fulfilled a dream when he interviewed Pel for “Good Morning America” while serving as the National Spokesman for the 1994 World Cup. Then in 1996, he earned a spot on the Los Angeles Galaxy in the debut season of Major League Soccer, becoming the first pro athlete to play and act on a TV show at the same time.
“I’ve never seen a man in my life tell an entire state: Get on my back, I got you. Get on my back and I’m going to carry you. I don’t care if we fail, I’m going to wake up the next morning and I’m going to start working out and prepare for the next year,”‘ Richard Jefferson told reporters after the game.
I could not hook grip at all when I started, but I dedicated some time everyday to working on it. Believe it or not, it does improve, even when it seems like your hands are too small. For me at least, it never gets comfortable, and I generally don use it until I get to heavy weights.
Nike Baby Jacket
The church of Saint Rocco was built on the Peristil. He was a saint that was reputed to help protect the people from the Plague. There were dozens of Saint Rocco churches built along the Dalmatian coastline. I had a roommate my freshman year of college and she didn wash her towel ALL SEMESTER. Like, she would bathe, dry, and leave it hanging in our damp bathroom. I don think she took it home over breaks to wash either.
That $93 million is included in Boeing’s current contract. Manufacturing has yet to begin. Air Force on subsequent phases of the program allowing us to deliver the best planes for the President at the best value for the American taxpayer,” said Boeing’s statement.Trump’s comment emphasizes that he’s looking for ways to cut government costs where he can, according to his spokesman Jason Miller.”The point that the President elect was making here was that a $4 billion price tag is a very big number, the taxpayers want to make sure we’re seeing absolute accountability and that the government is doing the best to drive costs down,” he said.But Earnest told reporters aboard Air Force One Tuesday that the planes need to be upgraded.”This Air Force One that we’re currently flying on is in great shape, thanks to the skilled professionalism of the men and women in the United States Air Force,” Earnest said.
My individual articles usually net me approximately $50 per article upfront and at least $5 per month recurring. I do this by using multiple publication sources and selecting evergreen topics that are guaranteed to continue generating revenue for years to come. I do the research once and then write multiple versions of unique content for each publication source.
As a fourteen year old currently in Year 10, I could talk for hours about school uniform. My primary school was very lenient about uniform any black trousers, any white top and any shoes (except massive heels). I never hated wearing this “uniform” because I could pick out what t shirt or trainers I wanted to wear on a particular day, rather than having my attire dictated by school rules.
Sparkle will be released in August. Continue reading this postFABLE FIGHT: Mirror Mirror vs. Wrath of the TitansIt’s a box office battle of mythic proportions this weekend as remixed fables and fairy tales go head to head. I never held a pistol before. BB guns, yeah. I disengaged the safety and pulled the trigger at my head.
As river and rail trade diminished in the early 20th century, jobs started to leave town. That, coupled with violent racial tension that erupted in the late 1960s, led to a mass departure of investment in Cairo. Its potential was further stunted when the Interstate 57 bridge was built to travel a mile north of town in 1978.
Nike Childrens Kaishi Trainers
It was still dark when the private jet began its descent. Inside, its decor was sumptuous, the black leather seats piped with red, but outside rain was falling and the temperature on the ground below was a bracing 2C. The date was 21 January 2013, and the island that the plane was heading towards hadn’t yet woken up..
You get a little more flexibility when looking at history that you can see all rulers are a collection of both bad and good actions and traits, but yeah theres a lot to unpack there and even if they built roads and hospitals etc. It doesn also invalidate them being ruled over and treated in the way they were. You wouldn tolerate it so I dont see why they should..
Picture: Getty ImagesSource:AFPOn a day when extreme heat took a toll at the US Open, fourth seeded Alexander Zverev was positively brisk in reaching the second round with a 6 2, 6 1, 6 2 victory over Peter Polansky.Zverev, 21, needed just 96 minutes to dispatch Polansky, a Canadian who had the odd distinction of becoming the first player to make the main draw of all four Grand Slams in a single year as a lucky loser.Polandky luck ran out in the first round, just as it did at the Australian Open, French Open and Wimbledon.Zverev used a powerful serve and a crisp baseline game, firing 37 winners to get his latest Grand Slam bid off to a solid start.The youngest player in the world top 10, Zverev has nine ATP titles incuding three Masters 1000 victories.Tennis great Ivan Lendl, lower left, watches as Alexander Zverev, of Germany, plays Peter Polansky, of Canada. Picture: AP PhotoSource:APBut he reached the quarter finals of a Grand Slam just once, at this year French Open.He has hired Ivan Lendl to help him fill that hole on his resume, but said it was too soon to tell what the Czech great influence would be.things that he paid a lot of attention to, and then he made me pay a lot of attention to, as well, Zverev said.hope in the long run this will help me, as well. This was a first round.
Remember to sprint. Do not run or jog. This is not a cardiovascular exercise. I can see this case being versatile enough to use anywhere. Moms and dads can catch up on emails while waiting in the stands while the kids play sports, to keep the kids entertained while sitting in a doctor’s waiting room or even while playing games while lying in bed. Keeping a secure grip on your iPad is good regardless of where you are or what you are doing..
Nike Kaishi Children&S
It makes complete sense, though I assuming they a relatively unknown company in many parts of the world (I thinking mostly of North America, which is often one of, if not the biggest, group of consumers in the world). Sales of RF merchandise), it could still be 100% worth it for them in terms of brand awareness globally. I think even being able to say they signed him has done a lot for the brand, even if he doesn do anything else for them the rest of the contract.
Everything I know I learned on the job. I can still spit out definitions verbatim and with all honesty, I cannot recall having used any of those prestigious and expensive commentaries. What I used the most was experience, feeling and memory. I used a Cricut Cartridge that I just purchased called Stamping. This is the first cartridge I have purchased that has no booklet or box, just the template, cartridge, and a flyer included. It’s the perfect cartridge when you want to cutout a special sentiment from your scrapbooking cardstock.
Since your body can only absorb 8 ounces of cold water every 20 minutes, continue to drink fluids even after you no longer feel thirsty. Sports drinks may be popular among intense exercisers, but they are not necessary and may actually absorb more slowly than plain water. If you prefer the taste of these drinks, try diluting them with water before consumption for easier rehydration..
What do you think? Why not ask someone who is really into music. Ask them if it can be limitless. Depending on your mood depends on what type of music you listen to at that time. Observation and Self ConfidenceTake a few videos of yourself and observe. At the two extremes, the same person can look either like a worn out, depressed, “given up type” loser, or he can look happy, victorious, optimistic, strong and open to life’s challenges. On what scale of 1 to 10 are you between those two choice margins of being fit and handsome or an unattractive slob? The good news is that you are in control of your body, your looks, and your self image.
Other NotesI just want to point out a few more things, and maybe some tips to know before you go. First thing is that you should know what an officer is, and learn a bit about customs and courtesies. No, you will not see a lot of officers in BMT besides your commander, and he or she is going to be cool as hell, but you should know the proper respects to give to them.
Childrens Nike Kd
After watching our so called debate, recall the debate between Barack Obama and John McCain. If you need more evidence, retrieve the video of the last debate between Gordon Brown, David Cameroon and Nick Clegg before last British elections. In both the American and British debates, the central question was: What to do with the economy?.
Since this machine was built with hodgepodge parts, randomly occurring program glitches are plentiful with no explanations on how to resolve them from the manufacturer. They don’t know because they haven’t fully tested out these machines. So a franchisor needs to be savvy enough to learn how to diagnose and handle printer problems on their own.
But the last time I was in Iran for the World Cup matches, during the summer of 2014, the police announced prior to the games that people would not be allowed to celebrate any win by Iran’s team. All plans that had been made to show the games in public parks and cultural centers were canceled by Tehran’s police. I decided to go to a coffee shop in the northern part of the capital to watch the game with a group of my friends.
Being a freelance JournalistBeing a freelance Journalist, or a freelance anything is limitless. This is because you can do anything you want for the most part when it pertains to the freelance job you are doing. You don’t have a set assignment or deadline, for the most part, those things are set by you and that is what makes being a freelancer limitless.
1 point submitted 6 months agoand now, I abandon this 4 year old reddit account because some people are so obsessed with what I doing with my life now that I moved on. So if you know me and you reading this, congrats, you weird as shit and this is the last time I logging in with this account, go find someone else to keep up with. You win, go catch all the pokemon, they all yours! If I can walk away from a game that easily, I can certainly create a new reddit account, lolz 1 point submitted 6 months agoI think the people that post in this sub tend to copy their [W] posts from previous posters rather than doing their own research in /r/Usenet.
I think it particularly difficult for American who have to travel pretty far and then compete in unfamiliar territory. If someone had loads of sponsorship dough and could afford to go live and train there for several months prior we might stand a chance. This year coming in second at TDS, but winning UTMB twice, once by like 2 hours..
When you create a brand strategy, you must use the appropriate resources, and you must use those resources in the proper manner. Social networking is an excellent way to market your brand, but be sure you have a separate social networking account for you personal identity and your brand. Business names that contain one to three words are easier to remember than a longer, more complicated business name.
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When will the more colonially minded Brits realise that they don’t have an empire any more? They should just grow up and realise that the Parthenon marbles are just as “at home” in the British Museum as a deep sea bass is in the Sahara. The Parthenon marbles (as the name suggests) belong in the Parthenon they are part of a whole structure, and were only removed and sold by people who had no rights to it anyway. For the UK to hang on to them and for people to claim that the Brits have some kind of rights to them (as the receivers of stolen goods, presumably) is to cling desperately to the past.
While the biggest name in the Ravens’ rebuilt WR corps is Michael Crabtree, and he figures to have a sizable role, it’s hardly out of the question that Brown emerges as Joe Flacco’s most targeted player. The last time Brown was fully healthy, he finished 26th among WRs (21st in standard scoring) and that was with Larry Fitzgerald racking up receptions in Arizona. He shows all sorts of athleticism in training camps, winds up in situations where shares of the receiving work are there for the taking, then meh.
The cost of travel is increasing exponentially when most airlines are charging for every bag you take with you. The bags we carry whether it is a purse, briefcase or tote continues to get larger. Laptops, digital cameras, cell phones, music players and accessories for all of them have the handles and your shoulders straining as it is..
In one corner, Mirror Mirror, a snarky retelling of the Snow White fairy tale. In the other, Wrath of the Titans, the sequel to the widely panned remake from 2010. Continue reading this post. The motor was designed as a 3 phase, 4 pole brushless DC motor with 4 N52 neodymium magnets on the rotor, and 3 wire wrapped solenoids connected to the stator. The brushless design was chosen because of the increased efficiency, reduced number of mechanical parts, and lower friction. The N52 magnets were chosen for their strength, price, and easy availability.
1) Sports If you don watch sports you should probably cut the cord or take a low end comcast tv/internet bundle. Comcast typically has a 70/month package with good internet and free basic cable with HBO. I say free because to buy the same internet speed by itself is the same price.
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SubscriptionsGo to the Subscriptions Centre to manage your:My ProfileIt’s been four years since Radiohead released In Rainbows, and given the long wait, it’s surprising that the band’s new album The King of Limbs clocks in at just over 37 minutes, spread out over eight songs.In fact, The King of Limbs comes just as quickly as Radiohead’s announcement of the new album itself. On February 14th, the band put up a cheeky “Thank You for Waiting” message on their web page, with a link for pre orders. Then five days later wham! album released.What’s immediately apparent on The King of Limbs (TKOL) is a return to sounds from the Kid A era.
I will only say that NO ONE is free from beliefs of some kind. It’s impossible. You act as if the word “belief” is synonymous with “fantasy.” Yet everyone “believes” in something. It is a tool that communicates its function, it is honest. Through this reductive design, it has also become quirky. Because it bucks the trend, it is odd, and ends up having personality.
The reason I only 60% in favour of leaving is because I think a European trade union makes a lot of sense pragmatically. My issue is how much political power should that “trade union” should reasonably have to do its job. The EU is currently forcing immigration on sovereign countries such as Hungry (which I personally morally comparable to the force immigration we practised in our history) and also in the process of planning a EU army.
French RiverI recall from the fourth grade history that the Frenchman, Samuel de Champlain, being Catholic, named the river after a New Testament saint. Up to that point in 1604, probably the Feast Day of John, First Peoples called it the beautiful river, just as did the peoples of the future State of Ohio call their Ohio River beautiful river, 10,000+ years previously. Whether Eastern Canadian First Nation, Ohio Valley “Indian”, or South Korean Han original native, all called themselves simply the people; and those around the now Fredericton bound river became the people of the beautiful river.
The latest episode involving an alleged insult or assault on an Italian journalist is just the latest in an ongoing saga of self inflicted blows. There is rarely a week where he does not have something negative to say about someone, a point proved when his recent criticism of a referee decision resulted in him being sent off. But when confronted by questions from the media about his behavior, Jose invariably snaps back in an aggressive tone rather than considering what he has done..
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Prior to this at the 1:15 bbt time, Chris is talking about how since he doesn have kids he not worried about hearing from his family for the whole 3 months in the house because he just wants to stay focused. He says that he can see them finale night. Which leads into this.
Olympian Meb Keflezighi, one of the United States’ top marathon runners, won the silver medal at the 2004 Athens Olympics and ran a personal best time of 2:08:37 at the 2014 Boston Marathon. The 41 year old estimated that he was in shape to run in the 2:05 range during his prime and questioned whether runners today are ready to break the two hour barrier. Of the three Nike runners, Kipchoge has the fastest marathon time, 2:03:05, set this year at the London Marathon..
Monday: Off Tuesday: Swim Strength Endurance (6 12 x 100m and 3 6 x 200m) Bike VO2max 1hr (6 9 sets 3 min at 120% effort and 3 min at 50%) Wednesday: Swim Speed (6 8x75m and 8 10x50m and 10 12x25m) optional Run Threshold Repeats (6x6min efforts with 2 min rest) Thursday: Brick Tempo bide (at race pace) and transition into a race pace run. Increase duration or intensity as needed but never both Friday: Swim Longer Endurance (3 4x200m and 3 4x400m) Bike Sweet spot intervals (3×10 20 min at 90% effort with a 3 5min rest at 50% effort) Saturday: Bike Endurance Bike (2 5 hrs depending on your goal event done at 60 75% effort “zone 2 Run Recovery/Easy run (done after the bike or later in the day) at zone 2 or zone 1 Sunday Endurance run (1 2.5 hrs depending on your goal event done at 60 75% effort “zone 2”), if you are doing a sprint/olympic I would suggest substituting this for another tempo run or hill repeats. Endurance Swim Just go out there and swim some steady laps or practice open water.
But it doesn’t come close to our neighbor’s yard maintenance. I’ve even caught him in our yard a couple of times and he just hustles out without saying a word. We have a picket fence around our acre lot, so it makes him silently leaving our yard just a little awkward since he has to walk all the way up to the gate..
Intervention Specialist (special Ed teacher) checking in. I am a big time shoe guy, so I rotate frequently between “comfort” and “dressy”. I know you said you against CDB but try some other chukkas with a slimmer silhouette and see how you like them.
In my opinion, the governor over reached in his proposal to curtail the collective bargaining rights of the teachers. I’m not aware of any precedent for that. (My background “in labor” was representing an auto company in negotiations with the UAW. When the cold seeps into your bones, it is very difficult to get warm again and that can cause the winter blues. The winter blues can put people in a foul mood, which in turn makes us get snippy with the people around us even when we don’t want to be. I get like that sometimes, I hate being cold, especially after being out in the snow..
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A wireless headphone gives you the liberty to do things, the things you want to do away out of your stereo or television. Not are you just stuck there in a single spot...afraid you may miss that special touchdown pass or part of a favourite tv show. Not do you need to wait for a industrial to go get that snack. With a non-wired head set you've received more options than ever thought attainable for listening
So, what is there secret? No secret really. There is a base unit which emits an infrared signal to the headphones you wear.
That home unit is what plugs into your stereo or television. Also, the bottom is normally the cradle for recharging the head set. Among the base models are designed for all types of gadgets such as the personal pc or laptop. They can be used with televisions and even hand-held Ipods.
Certain developments in expertise has allowed the freedom of wireless to be available for mp3 players and other hand-held devices. This is a good thing for somebody who wants to train and is all the time fumbling with the cord on the head set. Many individuals trying to work out are so bothered by the cord. Somebody who finds themselves bothered by cords which can tangle into a mass of self destruction, will discover this advancement wonderful.
You should remember the distinction between wireless headphones and ropeless. Some people consult with them as being the same, however they are not. Wireless means you probably have to remain within the line of sight of the base unit. The expertise behind this is similar to that of your distant control for the television. The usual range is about 30 feet. Some items are available with more mobility, however signal strength may be lost. This makes most of these items more appropriate with home or office use than anywhere else.
There are items available which have multi-user capabilities. This is great for one or more persons to share the same audio signal. It makes music sharing straightforward between friends.
These are available for home office and customary office applications. Individuals who make their living on the phone are no longer strapped to the desk. This allows them more freedom of movement. Caught in a single position for lengthy durations will be tiring. That is throughout now, and the telemarketer can stand and take a short walk or stretch without the cumbersome burden of cords. The work surroundings turns into a more productive and luxuriate inable experience.
More and more they're becoming common in studying institutions. It makes it simple for an teacher to part the category room into groups. Every group can share the media from a single device. The entire classroom is able to enjoy freedom of mobility while still remaining productive. No longer are the students being caught to the desk. Structured settings just became more relaxed. When the person learning doesn't really feel so burdened the educational experience can become more take pleasure inable.
Wireless headphones and the know-how along with them is now not limited to just a house stereo however to everyone on the move. Is not it time you took tai nghe bluetooth beats advantage of this technology additionally?
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Henry Dunster
President of Harvard
And that is why I refuse to present my child for baptism.” With those words of explanation Henry Dunster sealed his fate as president of Harvard.
Henry Dunster was born in 1612 in England. He arrived in Boston in 1640 and was given the job of establishing Cambridge College which later became Harvard. He was one of the greatest masters of the Oriental languages in his day. When he arrived in the New World he was a Congregationalist. The arrest of Pastor Clarke, Mr. Crandall, and Mr. Holmes for Baptist beliefs in 1651 challenged him to study the truth of scriptural baptism. The fact that the State clergy refused to answer Pastor Clarke caused many in the New World to wonder why they were afraid of these men. After careful study Henry refused to have his child baptized and thereby set off a controversy. He then stood in the Congregational Church of Cambridge and explained from Scripture his convictions. Henry said that infant baptism “Is not according to the institution of Christ…That there were such corruptions stealing into the Church, which every faithful Christian ought to their witness against.” His arguments were so powerful that the pastor of the church was visibly shaken and testified that he was “strangely confused and sickly of spirit.” The whole community was in an uproar but nobody came forth with any Biblical arguments. However, that explanation was the beginning of the end of his presidency of Harvard. He was compelled to resign in 1657. After being forced out of his position he moved to Scituate in Plymouth Colony and was driven to a Baptist position by studying the scriptures. He passed away in 1659.
Little did Holmes, Crandall and Pastor Clarke realize their testimonies would bear such fruit! Henry Dunster served with great distinction at Harvard and was only removed because of the bigotry against the Bible. But he stood faithful!
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Metaphor and Design Ideation
Psychologists have been big believers in using metaphors in therapy. Beginning with Freud and Jung, they were interested in dreams because they believed dreams could serve as metaphors for issues that people were trying to work out in their waking lives. And over time psychotherapists, from the fathers of the movement to today, have often believed that if they could introduce the right metaphor at the right time in therapy, they had a chance of helping someone see their problems more clearly, and perhaps enable them to engage in positive change.
Metaphors are powerful tools outside of therapy, of course. From semiotics to language acquisition to design, metaphors define much of how we come to interpret the world and envision new ideas and things. Often there is nothing that can make a concept more persuasive or tangible than the use of an image that sticks in someone’s mind. An image may be memorable based on its concreteness or whimsicality or universality or perhaps its graphic nature; what makes a metaphorical image persuasive is its aptness to the situation one is attempting to understand. It doesn’t mean anything, however, unless you can somehow analogize the illustration to some real situation. In other words, saying “it’s a metaphor” doesn’t mean anything unless you can answer the question, “what is it a metaphor for?”
I try to bring metaphors into presentations or ideation sessions whenever I can. People may not be able to appreciate or understand how to build on an observation or insight unless they can visualize an analogous situation. Rather than focusing on solving problems or addressing “needs” right away, providing rich metaphors often assists people in viewing the insights in which their personal feelings are so entangled more objectively or more truthfully. It allows people to step outside their daily roles and think creatively. The challenge is to design metaphors that are both memorable and apt to each party’s situation. But that is also the opportunity for creativity on the mediator’s part, and for me, part of the fun of doing this kind of work.
Create a shared view of the present and the future.
One element is to design a meeting tool to help quickly capture images and adjectives that people have in mind when asking what people are doing today, both inside the organization and the customers engaged with the brand, versus what they will do tomorrow. For example, you might pose questions such as: Imagine the research finding as a color, what would it be today? How does this compare to how people what it will be six months from now? It sounds silly, to be sure, but it gets people thinking about the situation in terms other than fulfilling immediate needs or focusing too quickly on details that may not be relevant to the bigger picture. It also gives people license to exercise their minds and start thinking in genuinely new and innovative ways.
Moving in the same direction.
Pick one that’s appropriate for the design or strategy team and its journey, such as shopping for groceries for a party or preparing for a trip. Consider locations and cultures of team members as you choose the best metaphor. Find relevant photos or other images to post during the conversation to evoke the same sense of place for everyone. Get team members talking about what each must do to prepare for this adventure together, what help they need from others, the inherent risks and how to mitigate, etc. Capture responses as part of the meeting output, either online off to the side. “Translate” these responses into real- life implications for your team.
Painting pictures from the first-person perspective.
Encourage team members to use highly descriptive language. For example, you might ask: “Imagine you are a typical customer (or user) making a shopping list. How are you feeling as you walk through the steps? Why?” By painting a vivid picture, with each team member imagining s/he is the focal point, you’ll cull out more vivid and authentic responses far more quickly than if you asked: “Describe the typical customer experience.” In other words, it forces the participants to think in the role of the person for whom they are designing, not in the professional role with all its baggage.
Choose images carefully.
When you’re working with team members who have different professional languages and concerns, using visual communications is more efficient and effective than using words alone. Tread carefully, however. Make sure that the use of a particular image, whether literal or proverbial, is appropriate and understandable for all team members.
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If one of your creditor’s has won a judgment against you (meaning the creditor sued you for nonpayment of a debt, and won), one of the ways they can seek repayment from you is by a wage garnishment. A wage garnishment essentially means your employer receives an order requiring the employer to hold back a portion of your wages during each pay period to pay to the creditor until your judgment is satisfied, i.e., paid
It is important to note that the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) receives special treatment. The IRS does not have to have a court judgment to garnish your wages, you simply need to owe back taxes.
If you find yourself holding a notice of wage garnishment, either as the employer or employee, there are few things to know.
First, there are limits to how much can be garnished from a person’s income. Often, the amount varies by state. The typical garnishment limit is usually around 15% of an individual’s income. As an employee, you may be able to contest a garnishment amount by proving living necessity for a lower garnishment amount in court. As an employer, it’s vital that you know what the limits are for your state. Should you accidentally garnish a higher amount than is legally allowed, you may be vulnerable to unwanted employee issues.
Second, most states have a limit as to how long a garnishment can last. Because a creditor is taking a portion of a person’s living wages for each pay period, states have limited how long a creditor may use garnishment in the judgment collection process. Both employees and employers should be knowledgeable of the maximum amount of time a garnishment can be enforced.
Third, mistakes happen. Our attorneys have had calls regarding garnishments ranging from employees being garnished for debts that had already been fully paid years previously to garnishments for the wrong individual altogether. When you receive paperwork for a garnishment, the employer and employee should sit down together and review the paperwork in detail. Make sure it is for the correct person, correct amount and that everyone understands and is aware of what the process entails.
As an employer, you must notify an employee of any wage garnishment you receive on their behalf. Not only are you legally required to provide such notice but you will want to make sure that the employee is aware that their income will be limited for a specific length of time. Providing notice also allows for the employee to seek court or legal assistance should the garnishment be in error. The notice will apprise the employee of their rights and any steps they may take to contest the garnishment.
If your business needs assistance navigating the sometimes murky wage garnishment statutes, Bellatrix PC can help. Contact our firm online, or call us at (800) 449-8992 to schedule a confidential consultation. Ask about our Employer Protection Package.
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For this installment of GFW User Profiles, we spoke with Madi Vorva, a student at Pomona College and long-time forest activist.
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How did you become interested in forests? I’ve loved animals my entire life—I grew up playing in the woods behind my house with my brothers, which gave me an appreciation from the beginning. In 7th grade I wanted to help protect orangutans for a Girls Scout Bronze Award project, and I was inspired by Jane Goodall’s work with chimpanzees. So I started my research and discovered that palm oil comprised up to 50 percent of the products in American grocery stores and responsible for most of the forest clearing happening in Indonesia. That really struck me. My friend and I started a campaign called Project ORANGS, which lasted for 7 years, to ensure Girl Scout cookies weren’t contributing to deforestation and human rights abuses such as child and slave labor. We worked with Rainforest Action Network, Union of Concerned Scientists, Climate Advisers, Orangutan Outreach and many other organizations. We wrote letters, and got other Girl Scouts involved in a positive way by learning about the issue through a “Rainforest Hero” badge rather than boycotting Girl Scout cookies outright. Eventually we collected 140,000 petition signatures, and we were even featured in a bunch of major news outlets like The New York Times and Wall Street Journal. We ultimately reached about 10 million people! 2011 was the Year of Forests and I was honored as a U.N. Forest Hero. In 2011 Girl Scouts adopted better palm oil certification policies, but it was only a step in right direction. So we kept it up. In 2014, Kellogg and Wilmar eventually announced their own deforestation free palm oil policies, which was a huge win! What are you up to now? Now I’m in college studying environmental economics and policy. I finally went to Malaysia in January through a school grant and saw these issues first-hand. We traveled to the Baram River in Sarawak, Malaysia to study palm oil expansion and the effects of a proposed dam in the area. We learned about the need for community mapping in the Baram area as well, which is something I’ve worked on before with students of Jane Goodall Institute‘s Roots and Shoots program. JGI is also where I found out about GFW. How does GFW fit into your current work? I’m very passionate about introducing young people to the complex realities of conservation, and demonstrating how mapping can be a tool for good. GFW is really accessible and can help students observe how different factors (or layers) interact with one another. For instance, I always show GFW maps of palm concessions, biodiversity hotspots, and protected areas. It’s such a simple GIS (Geographic Information System) application, but for students who haven’t seen data sets overlap on top of each other, it’s a clear way for them to instantly click with the information. When I created my campaign at 11 years old, I didn’t understand the political or economic forces at work, or the reality on the ground. With maps like GFW, kids can actually see the links between animals, environment and local community. In the past I’ve spoken about using community mapping as a service learning tool. At the Esri Education GIS Conference, I used GFW maps to explain to GIS educators how I often present this information to other young people. Students can look at change over time with the GFW platform and actually use the data near real time. So when I have an opportunity to talk to classrooms, my first step is share what is going on in these forests, and GFW is the best tool for that.
Want your work to be featured in a GFW User Profile? Email us at
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