question stringlengths 278 1.46k | options dict | answer_idx stringclasses 31
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The following contraceptive is contraindicated in patients with stage iv HIV disease.
Answer Choices:
(option1) Combined oral contraceptive
(option2) Progestin only contraceptive.
(option3) Depot medroxy progesterone acetate
(option4) Levornogestral implant
(option5) Intrauterine contraceptive Device (IUCD)
There ar... | {
"option1": "Combined oral contraceptive",
"option2": "Progestin only contraceptive.",
"option3": "Depot medroxy progesterone acetate",
"option4": "Levornogestral implant",
"option5": "Intrauterine contraceptive Device (IUCD)"
} | option5 | option5 | AFRIMEDQA |
The following is known to prevent congenital neural tube defects
Answer Choices:
(option1) Vitamin A
(option2) Vitamin B
(option3) Vitamin B12
(option4) Folic acid
(option5) Folinic acid
There are multiple choices can be correct, the final answer should be seperate between choices by comma, please reason step by ste... | {
"option1": "Vitamin A",
"option2": "Vitamin B",
"option3": "Vitamin B12",
"option4": "Folic acid",
"option5": "Folinic acid"
} | option4 | option4 | AFRIMEDQA |
When conducting fetal kick chart, the normal number of kick chart is;
Answer Choices:
(option1) Kick charts in twelve hours
(option2) Ten kick charts in twelve hours
(option3) Ten rolling movement in twelve hours
(option4) All of the above
(option5) None of the above
There are multiple choices can be correct, the ... | {
"option1": "Kick charts in twelve hours",
"option2": "Ten kick charts in twelve hours",
"option3": "Ten rolling movement in twelve hours",
"option4": "All of the above",
"option5": "None of the above"
} | option2 | option2 | AFRIMEDQA |
A mother at 36 weeks gestation is confirmed to have fetal growth restriction. The management will be;
Answer Choices:
(option1) Start mother on parenteral feeds
(option2) Increase the dose of maternal nutritional supplements
(option3) Administer high-calorie diet to the mother for the next four weeks
(option4) Deliv... | {
"option1": "Start mother on parenteral feeds",
"option2": "Increase the dose of maternal nutritional supplements",
"option3": "Administer high-calorie diet to the mother for the next four weeks",
"option4": "Deliver the baby",
"option5": "None of the above"
} | option4 | option4 | AFRIMEDQA |
All of the following is associated with pregnancy except;
Answer Choices:
(option1) Hemorrhoids
(option2) Ptyalism
(option3) Pica
(option4) Hypernatreamia
(option5) Constipation
There are multiple choices can be correct, the final answer should be seperate between choices by comma, please reason step by step, and pu... | {
"option1": "Hemorrhoids",
"option2": "Ptyalism",
"option3": "Pica",
"option4": "Hypernatreamia",
"option5": "Constipation"
} | option4 | option4 | AFRIMEDQA |
The stretch marks noted in the abdominal skin and breast during pregnancy is referred to as;
Answer Choices:
(option1) Striae albicantes
(option2) Striae gravidavum
(option3) Malasma
(option4) Linea alba
(option5) Linea nigra
There are multiple choices can be correct, the final answer should be seperate between choi... | {
"option1": "Striae albicantes",
"option2": "Striae gravidavum",
"option3": "Malasma",
"option4": "Linea alba",
"option5": "Linea nigra"
} | option2 | option2 | AFRIMEDQA |
A 28-year-old presents with a pap smear result reaching HSIL. Which of the following is the most appropriate management strategy?
Answer Choices:
(option1) Exam and a pap smear in one year's time
(option2) Colposcopy with endocervical curetting for histology
(option3) Cryotherapy
(option4) Loop electrosurgical excis... | {
"option1": "Exam and a pap smear in one year's time",
"option2": "Colposcopy with endocervical curetting for histology",
"option3": "Cryotherapy",
"option4": "Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) OR cervical conization",
"option5": "Hysterectomy"
} | option2 | option2 | AFRIMEDQA |
Which of the following investigations would be most helpful in assessing the extent of ovarian cancer?
Answer Choices:
(option1) MRI of the abdomen and pelvis
(option2) CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis
(option3) Chest X-ray
(option4) Ca 125
(option5) Intravenous pyelography
There are multiple choices can be correct... | {
"option1": "MRI of the abdomen and pelvis",
"option2": "CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis",
"option3": "Chest X-ray",
"option4": "Ca 125",
"option5": "Intravenous pyelography"
} | option2 | option2 | AFRIMEDQA |
A 32-year-old Para 2+1 presents with one year history amenorrhea following evacuation of the uterus due to septic incomplete abortion. Her hormonal profile is normal. What is the likely diagnosis
Answer Choices:
(option1) Premature menopause
(option2) latrogenic ovarian failure
(option3) Hypothalamic pituitary ameno... | {
"option1": "Premature menopause",
"option2": "latrogenic ovarian failure",
"option3": "Hypothalamic pituitary amenorrhea",
"option4": "Sheehan's syndrome",
"option5": "Asherman's syndrome"
} | option5 | option5 | AFRIMEDQA |
A Para 1+1 with no living children has a D & C for a partial molar pregnancy. The couple would like to conceive as soon as possible. Which of the following is the appropriate recommendation to them?
Answer Choices:
(option1) Attempt pregnancy 2 months after D&cx
(option2) Attempt pregnancy once beta-HCG normalizes
(... | {
"option1": "Attempt pregnancy 2 months after D&cx",
"option2": "Attempt pregnancy once beta-HCG normalizes",
"option3": "Avoid pregnancy for 3 years",
"option4": "Use Depo Provera contraceptive for one year then conceive",
"option5": "Attempt conception 6 months after a negative beta HCG level"
} | option5 | option5 | AFRIMEDQA |
The most common site for an ectopic pregnancy is;
Answer Choices:
(option1) Fimbrial
(option2) Cornu
(option3) Isthmus
(option4) Ampulla
(option5) Ovarian
There are multiple choices can be correct, the final answer should be seperate between choices by comma, please reason step by step, and put your final answer wi... | {
"option1": "Fimbrial",
"option2": "Cornu",
"option3": "Isthmus",
"option4": "Ampulla",
"option5": "Ovarian"
} | option4 | option4 | AFRIMEDQA |
The partograph is used to prevent all the following EXCEPT:
Answer Choices:
(option1) Delayed third stage of labour
(option2) Fetal distress
(option3) Maternal death
(option4) Puerperal sepsis
(option5) Obstructed labour
There are multiple choices can be correct, the final answer should be seperate between choices b... | {
"option1": "Delayed third stage of labour",
"option2": "Fetal distress",
"option3": "Maternal death",
"option4": "Puerperal sepsis",
"option5": "Obstructed labour"
} | option4 | option4 | AFRIMEDQA |
Which of the following explanations would justify delayed cord clamping in the third stage of labour?
Answer Choices:
(option1) To facilitate delivery of the placenta
(option2) To prevent birth asphyxia
(option3) To facilitate resuscitation of the baby
(option4) To improve bonding between the mother and her baby
(op... | {
"option1": "To facilitate delivery of the placenta",
"option2": "To prevent birth asphyxia",
"option3": "To facilitate resuscitation of the baby",
"option4": "To improve bonding between the mother and her baby",
"option5": "To prevent anaemia in the baby"
} | option5 | option5 | AFRIMEDQA |
Which of the following diameters is associated with full flexion of the fetal head at engagement?
Answer Choices:
(option1) Submentobregmatic diameter
(option2) Mentovertical diameter
(option3) Suboccipitobregmatic diameter
(option4) Occipitofrontal diameter
(option5) Suboccipitofrontal diameter
There are multiple c... | {
"option1": "Submentobregmatic diameter",
"option2": "Mentovertical diameter",
"option3": "Suboccipitobregmatic diameter",
"option4": "Occipitofrontal diameter",
"option5": "Suboccipitofrontal diameter"
} | option3 | option3 | AFRIMEDQA |
The loading dose of magnesium sulfate is given via
Answer Choices:
(option1) I.V over 5 minutes, followed by deep I.M injection into each button
(option2) I.V over 5 minutes followed by deep I.M injection into one buttock
(option3) Simultaneous I.V and I.M injections
(option4) I.V bolus, followed by deep I.M injectio... | {
"option1": "I.V over 5 minutes, followed by deep I.M injection into each button",
"option2": "I.V over 5 minutes followed by deep I.M injection into one buttock",
"option3": "Simultaneous I.V and I.M injections",
"option4": "I.V bolus, followed by deep I.M injection into each buttock",
"option5": "a and c"
... | option1 | option1 | AFRIMEDQA |
Diastolic blood pressure 90 mmitg or more before 20 weeks of gestation is symptomatic of;
Answer Choices:
(option1) Mild pre-eclampsia
(option2) Chronic hypertension
(option3) Superimposed mild pre-eclampsia
(option4) Pregnancy-induced hypertension
(option5) All of the above
There are multiple choices can be correct... | {
"option1": "Mild pre-eclampsia",
"option2": "Chronic hypertension",
"option3": "Superimposed mild pre-eclampsia",
"option4": "Pregnancy-induced hypertension",
"option5": "All of the above"
} | option2 | option2 | AFRIMEDQA |
Regarding Fertilization & implantation:
Answer Choices:
(option1) Fertilization occurs in the inner third of the fallopian tube.
(option2) The sperm head penetrates through the corona radiata & zona pellucida while the tail remains outside.
(option3) The 2nd meiotic division is completed before fertilization.
(optio... | {
"option1": "Fertilization occurs in the inner third of the fallopian tube.",
"option2": "The sperm head penetrates through the corona radiata & zona pellucida while the tail remains outside.",
"option3": "The 2nd meiotic division is completed before fertilization.",
"option4": "Implantation occurs at the moru... | option2 | option2 | AFRIMEDQA |
Mrs. Aketch came to the antenatal clinic at 32 weeks gestation feeling dizzy and weak. Laboratory investigations revealed she has anaemia. The MOST likely type of anaemia would be:
Answer Choices:
(option1) Iron deficiency anaemia
(option2) Physiological anaemia
(option3) Anemia due to ascaris lumbricoides
(option4)... | {
"option1": "Iron deficiency anaemia",
"option2": "Physiological anaemia",
"option3": "Anemia due to ascaris lumbricoides",
"option4": "Megaloblastic anaemia",
"option5": "Haemolytic anaemia"
} | option1 | option1 | AFRIMEDQA |
When performing abdominal aortic compression to control postpartion hemorrhage, the point of compression
Answer Choices:
(option1) Just below and slightly to the right of the umbilicus
(option2) Just below and slightly to the left of the umbilicus
(option3) Just above and slightly to the right of the umbilicus
(opti... | {
"option1": "Just below and slightly to the right of the umbilicus",
"option2": "Just below and slightly to the left of the umbilicus",
"option3": "Just above and slightly to the right of the umbilicus",
"option4": "Just above and slightly to the left of the umbilicus",
"option5": "None of the above"
} | option4 | option4 | AFRIMEDQA |
Immediate postpartum hemorrhage can be due to, except;
Answer Choices:
(option1) Atonic uterus
(option2) Trauma to the genital
(option3) Retained placenta
(option4) All of the above
(option5) Administration of tranexamic acid
There are multiple choices can be correct, the final answer should be seperate between choi... | {
"option1": "Atonic uterus",
"option2": "Trauma to the genital",
"option3": "Retained placenta",
"option4": "All of the above",
"option5": "Administration of tranexamic acid"
} | option5 | option5 | AFRIMEDQA |
If manual removal of the placenta is performed
Answer Choices:
(option1) Give ergometrine prior to the procedure
(option2) Give antibiotics 24 hrs after the procedure
(option3) Place one hand in the uterus and use the other hand to apply traction on the cord
(option4) Place one hand in the uterus and one hand on the... | {
"option1": "Give ergometrine prior to the procedure",
"option2": "Give antibiotics 24 hrs after the procedure",
"option3": "Place one hand in the uterus and use the other hand to apply traction on the cord",
"option4": "Place one hand in the uterus and one hand on the abdomen to provide counter traction on th... | option4 | option4 | AFRIMEDQA |
If the uterus is inverted following childbirth all of the following are true except;
Answer Choices:
(option1) The uterine fundus is felt on abdominal palpation
(option2) There may be slight or intense pain
(option3) The inverted uterus may be apparent at the valve
(option4) The uterine fundus is not felt on abdomin... | {
"option1": "The uterine fundus is felt on abdominal palpation",
"option2": "There may be slight or intense pain",
"option3": "The inverted uterus may be apparent at the valve",
"option4": "The uterine fundus is not felt on abdominal palpation-",
"option5": "None of the above"
} | option1 | option1 | AFRIMEDQA |
When diagnosing iron deficiency anaemia which one of the following applies?
Answer Choices:
(option1) Serum ferritin is more than 12 g/dL
(option2) Lead is less than 20 g/dL.
(option3) Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin greater than 35 g/dL.
(option4) B12, B6, folate levels are increased.
(option5) Serum iron binding c... | {
"option1": "Serum ferritin is more than 12 g/dL",
"option2": "Lead is less than 20 g/dL.",
"option3": "Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin greater than 35 g/dL.",
"option4": "B12, B6, folate levels are increased.",
"option5": "Serum iron binding capacity may double"
} | option5 | option5 | AFRIMEDQA |
Tears of the cervix, vagina or perineum should be suspected when there is immediate postpartum hemorrhage and;
Answer Choices:
(option1) A complete placenta and a contracted uterus
(option2) An incomplete placenta and a contracted uterus
(option3) A complete placenta and an atonic uterus
(option4) An incomplete plac... | {
"option1": "A complete placenta and a contracted uterus",
"option2": "An incomplete placenta and a contracted uterus",
"option3": "A complete placenta and an atonic uterus",
"option4": "An incomplete placenta and an atonic uterus",
"option5": "All of the above"
} | option1 | option1 | AFRIMEDQA |
Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy is suspected following when bedside clotting test is done if;
Answer Choices:
(option1) Bleeding fails to stop within 7 minutes from a 1mm incision made on the inner aspect of a forearm
(option2) A clot fails to form within 7 minutes when calcium gluconet is added to a 3ml tes... | {
"option1": "Bleeding fails to stop within 7 minutes from a 1mm incision made on the inner aspect of a forearm",
"option2": "A clot fails to form within 7 minutes when calcium gluconet is added to a 3ml test tube of blood",
"option3": "A clot forms within 7 minutes",
"option4": "A clot fails to form after 7 mi... | option4 | option4 | AFRIMEDQA |
The MVA procedure is complete when
Answer Choices:
(option1) The wall of the uterus feels smooth
(option2) The vacuum in the syringe decreases
(option3) Red or pink foam, but no more tissue is aspirated
(option4) The uterus relaxes
(option5) When the patient feels minimum pain?
There are multiple choices can be co... | {
"option1": "The wall of the uterus feels smooth",
"option2": "The vacuum in the syringe decreases",
"option3": "Red or pink foam, but no more tissue is aspirated",
"option4": "The uterus relaxes",
"option5": "When the patient feels minimum pain?"
} | option3 | option3 | AFRIMEDQA |
Mrs Musa is a postnatal mother who is showing a lot of interest in taking care of her baby. Regarding the psychological phases of puerperium, she is in the:
Answer Choices:
(option1) Taking-in phase
(option2) Taking-on phase
(option3) Taking-hold phase
(option4) Letting-go phase
(option5) Anxiety phase
There are mul... | {
"option1": "Taking-in phase",
"option2": "Taking-on phase",
"option3": "Taking-hold phase",
"option4": "Letting-go phase",
"option5": "Anxiety phase"
} | option3 | option3 | AFRIMEDQA |
The following are findings of fetal hydrops except
Answer Choices:
(option1) Scalp edema
(option2) Ascites
(option3) Pericardial effusion
(option4) Enlarged bladder
(option5) Pleural effusion
There are multiple choices can be correct, the final answer should be seperate between choices by comma, please reason step b... | {
"option1": "Scalp edema",
"option2": "Ascites",
"option3": "Pericardial effusion",
"option4": "Enlarged bladder",
"option5": "Pleural effusion"
} | option4 | option4 | AFRIMEDQA |
Which one of the following interventions is NOT advised during vaginal term delivery of a patient with mitral stenosis?
Answer Choices:
(option1) Ergometrine injection.
(option2) Frusemide (Lasix) injection.
(option3) Vacuum delivery
(option4) Oxygen by mask
(option5) Oxytocin injection
There are multiple choices ca... | {
"option1": "Ergometrine injection.",
"option2": "Frusemide (Lasix) injection.",
"option3": "Vacuum delivery",
"option4": "Oxygen by mask",
"option5": "Oxytocin injection"
} | option1 | option1 | AFRIMEDQA |
Which of the following criteria is not used in the WHO prognostic scoring system for choriocarcinoma?
Answer Choices:
(option1) Age of the patient
(option2) Serum levels of beta hCG.
(option3) Patient's ABO blood group
(option4) Metastases to the lungs
(option5) Size of largest tumour
There are multiple choices can ... | {
"option1": "Age of the patient",
"option2": "Serum levels of beta hCG.",
"option3": "Patient's ABO blood group",
"option4": "Metastases to the lungs",
"option5": "Size of largest tumour"
} | option3 | option3 | AFRIMEDQA |
One of the following statements is correct about vulval and vaginal conditions
Answer Choices:
(option1) Desquamative inflammatory vaginitis occurs mainly in the postmenopausal women.
(option2) The causative organism in Toxic Shock Syndrome is streptococcus
(option3) Vaginal discharge is the commonest presentation o... | {
"option1": "Desquamative inflammatory vaginitis occurs mainly in the postmenopausal women.",
"option2": "The causative organism in Toxic Shock Syndrome is streptococcus",
"option3": "Vaginal discharge is the commonest presentation of foreign body in the vagina amongst toddlers",
"option4": "Vulval warts in 3r... | option3 | option3 | AFRIMEDQA |
A pregnant woman who has severe anaemia typically presents with
Answer Choices:
(option1) Wheezing
(option2) Rhonchi
(option3) Dyspnoea
(option4) Spider naevi
(option5) Microscopic haematuria
There are multiple choices can be correct, the final answer should be seperate between choices by comma, please reason step b... | {
"option1": "Wheezing",
"option2": "Rhonchi",
"option3": "Dyspnoea",
"option4": "Spider naevi",
"option5": "Microscopic haematuria"
} | option3 | option3 | AFRIMEDQA |
The information obtained from the antenatal history can help the provider
Answer Choices:
(option1) Plan for child birth
(option2) Identify existing problems
(option3) Identify health education and counselling needs
(option4) All of the above
(option5) None of above
There are multiple choices can be correct, the f... | {
"option1": "Plan for child birth",
"option2": "Identify existing problems",
"option3": "Identify health education and counselling needs",
"option4": "All of the above",
"option5": "None of above"
} | option4 | option4 | AFRIMEDQA |
The preferred fetal dimensions for estimating gestational age at 36 to 38 weeks is
Answer Choices:
(option1) Femur length
(option2) Chest circumference
(option3) Abdominal circumference
(option4) Biparietal diameter
(option5) Crown-rump length
There are multiple choices can be correct, the final answer should be sep... | {
"option1": "Femur length",
"option2": "Chest circumference",
"option3": "Abdominal circumference",
"option4": "Biparietal diameter",
"option5": "Crown-rump length"
} | option1 | option1 | AFRIMEDQA |
The following statements are TRUE about vomiting in pregnancy, EXCEPT:
Answer Choices:
(option1) May require admission to hospital
(option2) Is commonest in the third trimester
(option3) May be associated with multiple pregnancy
(option4) May be associated with trophoblastic disease
(option5) May be associated with ... | {
"option1": "May require admission to hospital",
"option2": "Is commonest in the third trimester",
"option3": "May be associated with multiple pregnancy",
"option4": "May be associated with trophoblastic disease",
"option5": "May be associated with urinary tract infection"
} | option2 | option2 | AFRIMEDQA |
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
Answer Choices:
(option1) Oral contraceptive pills delay the onset of menopause.
(option2) Premature menopause is cessation of menstruation before the age of 40
(option3) Menopause is the final menstruation which occurs during the climacteric
(option4) Pre-menopause is... | {
"option1": "Oral contraceptive pills delay the onset of menopause.",
"option2": "Premature menopause is cessation of menstruation before the age of 40",
"option3": "Menopause is the final menstruation which occurs during the climacteric",
"option4": "Pre-menopause is the time during climacteric when the mense... | option3 | option3 | AFRIMEDQA |
Which of the following statements is correct regarding post-menopause?
Answer Choices:
(option1) FSH and LH are characteristically low
(option2) A fibroid uterus tends to grow bigger
(option3) The endometrium is characteristically thick on Ultrasonography
(option4) The women have a tendency to get fractures
(option5... | {
"option1": "FSH and LH are characteristically low",
"option2": "A fibroid uterus tends to grow bigger",
"option3": "The endometrium is characteristically thick on Ultrasonography",
"option4": "The women have a tendency to get fractures",
"option5": "Genital atrophy hardly ever occurs"
} | option4 | option4 | AFRIMEDQA |
A 17-year-old, pregnant woman was brought to maternity ward, because was found to have generalized convulsion at the central market. O/E: (positive finding) unconscious, pale +, BP 156/100 mmHg, hyperreflexia, urine dipstick for protein +; F/L 35 cm. V/E Cervix effaced, dilated 4 cm, station –1. How do you manage this ... | {
"option1": "General measure, prophylactic antibiotic and immediate C/section.",
"option2": "General measures, antihypertensive, MgSO4, resuscitation of the patient, foetal assessment and emergency c/section.",
"option3": "General measures, antihypertensive, anticonvulsant and augmentation.",
"option4": "Gener... | option2 | option2 | AFRIMEDQA |
A 56-year-old lady presented with a small cervical lesion which bled to touch, she reported that she had difficulty closing her left eye. She had nausea and loss of appetite. She had a staring gaze and paresis on the right. No other pelvic lesions were found.
Answer Choices:
(option1) This is Ca Cervix stage four
(o... | {
"option1": "This is Ca Cervix stage four",
"option2": "The condition can be diagnosed by ultrasound",
"option3": "The diagnosis can be suspected from the previous history and confirmed by Laboratory investigations",
"option4": "She has Burkitt’s lymphoma",
"option5": "None of the above"
} | option1 | option1 | AFRIMEDQA |
Emily is on Mg SO 4 post-delivery for prevention of eclampsia. Which of the following is NOT a feature of Mg SO 4 toxicity?
Answer Choices:
(option1) Depressed respiration
(option2) Brisk tendon reflexes
(option3) Diminished tendon reflexes
(option4) Reduced urine output
(option5) None of the above
There are multipl... | {
"option1": "Depressed respiration",
"option2": "Brisk tendon reflexes",
"option3": "Diminished tendon reflexes",
"option4": "Reduced urine output",
"option5": "None of the above"
} | option2 | option2 | AFRIMEDQA |
Emily is a primigravida at 37 weeks. She is diagnosed to have pre-eclampsia with severe features. Her BISHOP score is 7 and fetal BPP 10/10. Regarding her delivery plan:
Answer Choices:
(option1) Induction of labor should be commenced as well as Magnesium sulfate.
(option2) Emergency cesarean section should be done ... | {
"option1": "Induction of labor should be commenced as well as Magnesium sulfate.",
"option2": "Emergency cesarean section should be done after steroids administration",
"option3": "Emergency cesarean section should be done immediately",
"option4": "Induction of labor should be done after administration of Mag... | option1 | option1 | AFRIMEDQA |
Regarding management of Rose what is the major mechanism of action of Low molecular weight heparin?
Answer Choices:
(option1) Thrombolysis
(option2) Anti-inflammatory
(option3) Anti-thrombin
(option4) Anti-platelet
(option5) None of the above
There are multiple choices can be correct, the final answer should be sepe... | {
"option1": "Thrombolysis",
"option2": "Anti-inflammatory",
"option3": "Anti-thrombin",
"option4": "Anti-platelet",
"option5": "None of the above"
} | option3 | option3 | AFRIMEDQA |
Rose is a primigravida at 24 weeks gestation. Her BMI is 32. She presents with right calf pain and swelling. Which of the following statements regarding her condition is TRUE?
Answer Choices:
(option1) An elevated D-Dimer is diagnostic
(option2) Real time ultrasonography is the investigation modality of choice.
(opt... | {
"option1": "An elevated D-Dimer is diagnostic",
"option2": "Real time ultrasonography is the investigation modality of choice.",
"option3": "The drug of choice is Warfarin",
"option4": "Hospitalization is not a risk factor of her presentation",
"option5": "None of the above"
} | option2 | option2 | AFRIMEDQA |
Aria is a 24-year-old para 1+0 at 14 weeks, she had a preterm birth with neonatal demise in the previous pregnancy. She has had transvaginal cervical scan indicating a cervical length of 2.4 cm. She is informed of risk of preterm labor later during this pregnancy. Regarding her management, which of the following is app... | {
"option1": "Strict bed rest, oral Salbutamol and Pheobarbitone",
"option2": "Avoidance of sexual intercourse",
"option3": "Micronized per vaginal progesterone up to 36 weeks",
"option4": "Use of Ascard (Aspirin 75mg) once daily up to 28 weeks",
"option5": "All of the above"
} | option3 | option3 | AFRIMEDQA |
During fetal surveillance:-
Answer Choices:
(option1) In late decelerations of fetal heart rate, the peak of the contraction occurs after the nadir of the deceleration
(option2) Fetal heart rate increases with increasing gestation
(option3) Placental grading is one of the markers of the biophysical profile (BPP)
(opt... | {
"option1": "In late decelerations of fetal heart rate, the peak of the contraction occurs after the nadir of the deceleration",
"option2": "Fetal heart rate increases with increasing gestation",
"option3": "Placental grading is one of the markers of the biophysical profile (BPP)",
"option4": "Fetal heart rate... | option5 | option5 | AFRIMEDQA |
In the Kenyan protocol for the prevention and treatment of malaria in pregnancy, which of the following statements is TRUE?
Answer Choices:
(option1) Sulfadoxine Pyrimethamine (SP) should not be given concomitantly with antiretrovirals
(option2) The recommended treatment for uncomplicated malaria in the first trimes... | {
"option1": "Sulfadoxine Pyrimethamine (SP) should not be given concomitantly with antiretrovirals",
"option2": "The recommended treatment for uncomplicated malaria in the first trimester is a three-day course of artemether lumefantrine (AL)",
"option3": "Dihydroartemisinin Piperaquine may be used as IPTp for th... | option4 | option4 | AFRIMEDQA |
When a patient presents with cord prolapse, which of the following statements is
INCORRECT?
Answer Choices:
(option1) Funic presentation refers to the cord being below the presenting part, with intact membranes and not palpable on digital vaginal exam.
(option2) If the cord is pulsatile, a rapid cesarean section i... | {
"option1": "Funic presentation refers to the cord being below the presenting part, with intact membranes and not palpable on digital vaginal exam.",
"option2": "If the cord is pulsatile, a rapid cesarean section is the best management for overt prolapse.",
"option3": "Occult prolapse may be overcome by appropri... | option1 | option1 | AFRIMEDQA |
A 46 years old nulliparous female presents to a fertility clinic with desire to conceive. Her menses have in the recent past been widely spaced and she occasionally experiences hot flushes. A pelvic ultrasound done is reported as normal. Which of the following tests is a useful investigation for ovarian reserve?
Ans... | {
"option1": "FSH:LH ratio",
"option2": "Anti-Mullerian Hormone",
"option3": "Estradiol level",
"option4": "LH levels",
"option5": "None of the above"
} | option2 | option2 | AFRIMEDQA |
Violet, a 36-year-old para 0+2 presents with symptoms innkeeping with Hyperemesis gravidarum. Investigations reveal a uterine snow-storm appearance and hyperthyroidism. Which of the following will explain her presentation?
Answer Choices:
(option1) Complete Molar pregnancy
(option2) Partial molar pregnancy
(option3)... | {
"option1": "Complete Molar pregnancy",
"option2": "Partial molar pregnancy",
"option3": "Grave's disease",
"option4": "Hashimoto's disease",
"option5": "None of the above"
} | option1 | option1 | AFRIMEDQA |
Female sexual arousal disorders are defined primarily in terms of a deficiency in a physical or psychological response, and as a result may be caused by a range of physical or psychological factors, including:
Answer Choices:
(option1) Hormone imbalance
(option2) Diabetes
(option3) Medications being taken for other ... | {
"option1": "Hormone imbalance",
"option2": "Diabetes",
"option3": "Medications being taken for other disorders",
"option4": "All the above",
"option5": "None of the above"
} | option4 | option4 | AFRIMEDQA |
You are called to review Maria, a 17-year-old who has just delivered a 3.9 kg baby and subsequently developed PPH. You perform a quick assessment and find her to have a tear extending from the vagina, to involve the perineal muscles and the anal sphincters (internal and external) without involvement of the anorectal mu... | {
"option1": "She disobeyed the midwives hence she suffered the tear",
"option2": "Secondary repair should be done after 24 hours",
"option3": "She suffered a 3rd degree tear",
"option4": "She can be repaired perfectly by an intern on duty",
"option5": "All of the above"
} | option3 | option3 | AFRIMEDQA |
Which of the following statements is correct concerning operative abdominal delivery?
Answer Choices:
(option1) A hemogram, renal function test and grouping/crossmatch are mandatory tests before a caesarian section is done
(option2) Maternal morbidity and mortality from a caesarian section is not higher than vaginal... | {
"option1": "A hemogram, renal function test and grouping/crossmatch are mandatory tests before a caesarian section is done",
"option2": "Maternal morbidity and mortality from a caesarian section is not higher than vaginal",
"option3": "There is documented evidence that a classical uterine incision is better tha... | option1 | option1 | AFRIMEDQA |
A 32-year-old female, known hypertensive patient on losartan/hydrochlorothiazide, presents for pre-conception care, ALL of the following are advised EXCEPT?
Answer Choices:
(option1) Folic Acid supplementation
(option2) Quit alcohol and cigarette smoking
(option3) Change blood pressure medication to Methyldopa
(opti... | {
"option1": "Folic Acid supplementation",
"option2": "Quit alcohol and cigarette smoking",
"option3": "Change blood pressure medication to Methyldopa",
"option4": "Encourage her to take liver at least three times a week to improve iron stores",
"option5": "Advise her to start ANC when she learns that she is ... | option4 | option4 | AFRIMEDQA |
In the consideration, evaluation and management of persistent breech presentation:
Answer Choices:
(option1) When the estimated fetal weight is less than 1500 gms. vaginal delivery is usually without risk
(option2) External Cephalic Version may be offered at 28 weeks with the aim of a consequent vertex delivery
(opti... | {
"option1": "When the estimated fetal weight is less than 1500 gms. vaginal delivery is usually without risk",
"option2": "External Cephalic Version may be offered at 28 weeks with the aim of a consequent vertex delivery",
"option3": "A well-flexed fetal neck is necessary for a vaginal breech delivery",
"optio... | option3 | option3 | AFRIMEDQA |
Which of the following patients with primary hyperparathyroidism should undergo parathyroidectomy?
Answer Choices:
(option1) A 62-year-old asymptomatic woman
(option2) A 54-year-old woman with fatigue and depression
(option3) A 42-year-old woman with a history of kidney stones
(option4) A 60-year-old woman with mild... | {
"option1": "A 62-year-old asymptomatic woman",
"option2": "A 54-year-old woman with fatigue and depression",
"option3": "A 42-year-old woman with a history of kidney stones",
"option4": "A 60-year-old woman with mildly decreased bone mineral density measured at the hip of less than 2 standard deviations below... | option3 | option3 | AFRIMEDQA |
Following surgical resection of a large thyroid mass, a patient complains of persistent hoarseness and a weak voice. What is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
Answer Choices:
(option1) Traumatic intubation
(option2) Prolonged intubation
(option3) Injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve
(option4) Injury to the... | {
"option1": "Traumatic intubation",
"option2": "Prolonged intubation",
"option3": "Injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve",
"option4": "Injury to the superior laryngeal nerve",
"option5": "Hematoma formation"
} | option3 | option3 | AFRIMEDQA |
A 1-year-old child presents with crying continuously and drawing his legs up. The mother reports associated episodes of passing bloody mucus per rectum. A long, thin mass is palpable in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. No peritoneal signs are present. Intussusception is suspected. Which of the following is the ... | {
"option1": "Hydrostatic reduction with air enema",
"option2": "Diagnostic laparoscopy with laparoscopic reduction",
"option3": "Exploratory laparotomy with bowel resection",
"option4": "Decompressive colonoscopy with placement of a rectal tube",
"option5": "Administration of IV fluids and observation"
} | option1 | option1 | AFRIMEDQA |
Which of the following is a typical cause of neonatal intestinal obstruction?
Answer Choices:
(option1) Intussusception
(option2) Meconium ileus
(option3) Pyloric stenosis
(option4) Meckel's diverticulum
(option5) Hirschsprung's disease
There are multiple choices can be correct, the final answer should be seperate b... | {
"option1": "Intussusception",
"option2": "Meconium ileus",
"option3": "Pyloric stenosis",
"option4": "Meckel's diverticulum",
"option5": "Hirschsprung's disease"
} | option2 | option2 | AFRIMEDQA |
For a 22-kg infant, the maintenance daily fluid requirement is approximately which of the following?
Answer Choices:
(option1) 1100 ml
(option2) 1250 ml
(option3) 1550 ml
(option4) 1700 ml
(option5) 1400 ml
There are multiple choices can be correct, the final answer should be seperate between choices by comma, pleas... | {
"option1": "1100 ml",
"option2": "1250 ml",
"option3": "1550 ml",
"option4": "1700 ml",
"option5": "1400 ml"
} | option3 | option3 | AFRIMEDQA |
Which of the following statements regarding nutritional requirements in infants is NOT TRUE?
Answer Choices:
(option1) The total daily water requirement is estimated to be 100 ml/kg
(option2) The resting energy expenditure is approximately twice that of an adult
(option3) The highest rate of nitrogen retention with ... | {
"option1": "The total daily water requirement is estimated to be 100 ml/kg",
"option2": "The resting energy expenditure is approximately twice that of an adult",
"option3": "The highest rate of nitrogen retention with parenteral nutrition occurs in infants given approximately 40% of the calories as carbohydrate... | option4 | option4 | AFRIMEDQA |
Which of the following statements are TRUE regarding the premature neonate?
Answer Choices:
(option1) A 15% to 20% right-to-left shunt occurs across the foramen ovale and patent ductus arteriosus
(option2) Surfactant levels are normal after 30 weeks' gestation
(option3) Fluid requirements are lower than in a full-te... | {
"option1": "A 15% to 20% right-to-left shunt occurs across the foramen ovale and patent ductus arteriosus",
"option2": "Surfactant levels are normal after 30 weeks' gestation",
"option3": "Fluid requirements are lower than in a full-term baby",
"option4": "Rectal temperature is the best indicator of core body... | option1 | option1 | AFRIMEDQA |
Which of the following statements is TRUE of infants with gastroschisis?
Answer Choices:
(option1) It is not associated with malrotation
(option2) There is a high incidence of associated anomalies
(option3) There is prolonged adynamic ileus following repair
(option4) It is associated with chromosomal syndromes
(opti... | {
"option1": "It is not associated with malrotation",
"option2": "There is a high incidence of associated anomalies",
"option3": "There is prolonged adynamic ileus following repair",
"option4": "It is associated with chromosomal syndromes",
"option5": "It frequently results in complications from infection"
} | option3 | option3 | AFRIMEDQA |
Which of the following statements is TRUE about infants with gastroschisis?
Answer Choices:
(option1) It is not associated with malrotation
(option2) There is a high incidence of associated anomalies
(option3) The condition is usually associated wi th trisomy 21
(option4) It is always linked with maternal alcohol u... | {
"option1": "It is not associated with malrotation",
"option2": "There is a high incidence of associated anomalies",
"option3": "The condition is usually associated wi th trisomy 21",
"option4": "It is always linked with maternal alcohol use",
"option5": "It frequently involves a defect in the umbilical rin... | option1 | option1 | AFRIMEDQA |
The following neonatal conditions are associated with maternal polyhydramnios EXCEPT:
Answer Choices:
(option1) Esophageal atresia
(option2) Duodenal atresia
(option3) Hirschsprung's disease
(option4) Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
(option5) Anencephaly
There are multiple choices can be correct, the final answer ... | {
"option1": "Esophageal atresia",
"option2": "Duodenal atresia",
"option3": "Hirschsprung's disease",
"option4": "Congenital diaphragmatic hernia",
"option5": "Anencephaly"
} | option3 | option3 | AFRIMEDQA |
What injury DOES NOT compromise ventilation?
Answer Choices:
(option1) Lung contusion
(option2) Open pneumothorax
(option3) Acute cardiac tamponade
(option4) Painful rib fractures
(option5) Flail chest
There are multiple choices can be correct, the final answer should be seperate between choices by comma, please rea... | {
"option1": "Lung contusion",
"option2": "Open pneumothorax",
"option3": "Acute cardiac tamponade",
"option4": "Painful rib fractures",
"option5": "Flail chest"
} | option4 | option4 | AFRIMEDQA |
A 72-year-old patient with obesity and superficial varicose veins was admitted to the surgical department with a strangulated large incisional hernia. On the next day after the operation, the patient complained of pain in the left thigh. On day 3 after the operation, during an attempt to stand up, the patient experienc... | {
"option1": "Therapy for pulmonary edema",
"option2": "Surgical embolectomy",
"option3": "Thrombolysis",
"option4": "Heparin",
"option5": "Observation and supportive care"
} | option3 | option3 | AFRIMEDQA |
Because of his involvement in a motor vehicle accident, a 23-year-old football player has a chest wall injury. The only abnormal findings on clinical and radiologic examination are a fracture of the left fifth to seventh ribs and a small hemothorax. What should treatment include?
Answer Choices:
(option1) Thoracotom... | {
"option1": "Thoracotomy to treat a hemothorax in the left base",
"option2": "Insertion of an intercostal drain to avoid pneumothorax",
"option3": "Insertion of a metal plate to fix the fracture",
"option4": "Administration of analgesic medication",
"option5": "Immediate surgical intervention to remove damag... | option4 | option4 | AFRIMEDQA |
Which one of the following statements concerning chest X-ray in patients with congenital heart diseases is FALSE?
Answer Choices:
(option1) Always shows an enlarged heart in heart failure
(option2) May show pulmonary oligemia in congenital heart disease
(option3) May show a characteristic heart shadow in Transposi... | {
"option1": "Always shows an enlarged heart in heart failure",
"option2": "May show pulmonary oligemia in congenital heart disease",
"option3": "May show a characteristic heart shadow in Transposition of the great arteries called \"egg on a string\"",
"option4": "Shows a characteristic boot-shaped heart shadow... | option1 | option1 | AFRIMEDQA |
A patent ductus arteriosus:
Answer Choices:
(option1) Can be a cause of heart failure but may also be life-saving
(option2) Causes a left-to-right shunt
(option3) Is uncommonly associated with intraventricular hemorrhage, pulmonary hemorrhage, and necrotizing enterocolitis
(option4) Is normal on day 14 of life
(op... | {
"option1": "Can be a cause of heart failure but may also be life-saving",
"option2": "Causes a left-to-right shunt",
"option3": "Is uncommonly associated with intraventricular hemorrhage, pulmonary hemorrhage, and necrotizing enterocolitis",
"option4": "Is normal on day 14 of life",
"option5": "Spontaneousl... | option2 | option2 | AFRIMEDQA |
A 46-year-old man is diagnosed with an estrogen receptor-positive invasive ductal carcinoma of the right breast after having discovered a lump 3 months before. The patient is found to have multiple involved axillary lymph nodes, and the tumor is of an aggressive phenotype. The most appropriate treatment option for this... | {
"option1": "Cytotoxic chemotherapy and Tamoxifen but no surgery",
"option2": "Mastectomy + axillary clearance + systemic chemotherapy + radiotherapy and Tamoxifen",
"option3": "Wide local excision and Tamoxifen only",
"option4": "Mastectomy + postoperative radiotherapy only",
"option5": "Observation withou... | option2 | option2 | AFRIMEDQA |
A 67-year-old woman with a 25-year smoking history presents to the clinic expressing concerns regarding an increase in the size of her right breast over the last 4 months. On examination, you find a non-tender, mobile, lobulated 10 cm mass with relatively smooth edges in the right breast. The right breast is significan... | {
"option1": "Inflammatory breast carcinoma",
"option2": "Breast abscess",
"option3": "Malignant phyllodes tumor",
"option4": "Fibroadenoma",
"option5": "Lipoma"
} | option3 | option3 | AFRIMEDQA |
Which of the following is TRUE regarding benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate related issues
Answer Choices:
(option1) All men with BPH demonstrate lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), and all men with LUTS have BPH
(option2) The risk for acute urinary retention (AUR) increases with age
(option3) Prostate volume ... | {
"option1": "All men with BPH demonstrate lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), and all men with LUTS have BPH",
"option2": "The risk for acute urinary retention (AUR) increases with age",
"option3": "Prostate volume typically decreases over time in men with BPH",
"option4": "Complications such as bladder stone... | option2 | option2 | AFRIMEDQA |
A 57-year old nulliparous woman comes 2 weeks after noticing a lump in the right breast. Her last mammogram was done 4 years ago and showed no abnormalities. Menopause began 2 years ago, during which time the patient was prescribed hormone replacement therapy for severe hot flashes and vaginal dryness. Vital signs are... | {
"option1": "Fine needle aspiration",
"option2": "Excisional biopsy",
"option3": "Bone scan",
"option4": "Measurement of serum CA 15-3",
"option5": "Core needle biopsy"
} | option5 | option5 | AFRIMEDQA |
A 29-year old woman comes to the physician for evaluation of a mass in the left breast noticed 2 weeks ago. During this period the mass has not increased in size and has no pain. Three months ago she hit her left chest against a door and it was painful for a day. Menses occur at regular 28 day intervals and last for 5... | {
"option1": "Phyllodes tumour",
"option2": "Intraductal papilloma",
"option3": "Fibrocystic changes of the breast",
"option4": "Fibroadenoma",
"option5": "Fat necrosis"
} | option4 | option4 | AFRIMEDQA |
A 36-year-old woman who is breastfeeding her first child complains of a smooth, mobile, painless lump in the outer quadrant of the right breast. Core biopsy is attempted and a white opaque fluid is expressed. The most likely diagnosis in this patient is:
Answer Choices:
(option1) Pregnancy-associated breast cancer
... | {
"option1": "Pregnancy-associated breast cancer",
"option2": "Fibroadenoma",
"option3": "Lobular breast cancer",
"option4": "Galactocele",
"option5": "Breast abscess"
} | option4 | option4 | AFRIMEDQA |
A woman undergoes a triple assessment for a left upper outer quadrant breast lump. The results of the clinical assessment show the lump to be 4.5 cm in diameter, with mobile lymph nodes on the same side and no evidence of distant metastases. Which of the following is her TNM classification?
Answer Choices:
(o... | {
"option1": "T1N3M0",
"option2": "T2N1M0",
"option3": "T3N0M0",
"option4": "T2N3M1",
"option5": "T4N0M0"
} | option2 | option2 | AFRIMEDQA |
Which of the following statements regarding acute extradural haematoma is False?
Answer Choices:
(option1) It is often caused by a skull fracture with laceration of the middle meningeal artery
(option2) It commonly occurs at the pterion.
(option3) There is often a lucid interval.
(option4) Treatment is with a burrhol... | {
"option1": "It is often caused by a skull fracture with laceration of the middle meningeal artery",
"option2": "It commonly occurs at the pterion.",
"option3": "There is often a lucid interval.",
"option4": "Treatment is with a burrhole.",
"option5": "All of the above."
} | option4 | option4 | AFRIMEDQA |
A 29-year-old woman attends A&E with a tender, swollen left breast. Her temperature is 38°C. She is two weeks post-partum and is breastfeeding. Ultrasound shows a cystic mass in the left breast. What is the most appropriate next step in management?
Answer Choices:
(option1) Advise to stop breastfeeding
(option2) ... | {
"option1": "Advise to stop breastfeeding",
"option2": "Arrange mammograms of both breasts",
"option3": "Needle aspiration of the collection",
"option4": "Start bromocriptine",
"option5": "Continue breastfeeding"
} | option3 | option3 | AFRIMEDQA |
Which of the following confers an increased risk of breast cancer in women?
Answer Choices:
(option1) Birth of first child at age <20 years
(option2) Excess alcohol consumption
(option3) Premenopausal obesity
(option4) Regular exercise
(option5) Early menopause
There are multiple choices can be correct, the final an... | {
"option1": "Birth of first child at age <20 years",
"option2": "Excess alcohol consumption",
"option3": "Premenopausal obesity",
"option4": "Regular exercise",
"option5": "Early menopause"
} | option2 | option2 | AFRIMEDQA |
The primary tool for the detailed study of the coronary arteries is:
Answer Choices:
(option1) CT
(option2) MRI
(option3) Angiography
(option4) Scintigraphy
(option5) Ultrasound
There are multiple choices can be correct, the final answer should be seperate between choices by comma, please reason step by step, and pu... | {
"option1": "CT",
"option2": "MRI",
"option3": "Angiography",
"option4": "Scintigraphy",
"option5": "Ultrasound"
} | option3 | option3 | AFRIMEDQA |
Which of the following can cause secondary brain injury?
Answer Choices:
(option1) Hypoxia
(option2) Hypotension
(option3) Raised ICP
(option4) Reduced cerebral perfusion
(option5) All of the above
There are multiple choices can be correct, the final answer should be seperate between choices by comma, please reason s... | {
"option1": "Hypoxia",
"option2": "Hypotension",
"option3": "Raised ICP",
"option4": "Reduced cerebral perfusion",
"option5": "All of the above"
} | option5 | option5 | AFRIMEDQA |
You are the Medical Officer in Accident and Emergency department. A patient with Head Injury presents to you. Which imaging modality will you order in the acute setting:
Answer Choices:
(option1) A PET CT Scan
(option2) An MRI Of The BRAIN
(option3) An EEG
(option4) A Head CT scan
(option5) A Skull Xray
There are mu... | {
"option1": "A PET CT Scan",
"option2": "An MRI Of The BRAIN",
"option3": "An EEG",
"option4": "A Head CT scan",
"option5": "A Skull Xray"
} | option4 | option4 | AFRIMEDQA |
A 78-year-old male presents with low back pain which is worst at night. What would be your next plan of management.
Answer Choices:
(option1) Put him on analgesics and review him six weeks later
(option2) Refer him to the physical therapist for immediate physiotherapy
(option3) Request for a lumbo-sacral X-ray
(op... | {
"option1": "Put him on analgesics and review him six weeks later",
"option2": "Refer him to the physical therapist for immediate physiotherapy",
"option3": "Request for a lumbo-sacral X-ray",
"option4": "Put him on a Lumbar Corset",
"option5": "Order a bone scan"
} | option3 | option3 | AFRIMEDQA |
In an anterior dislocation which nerve is most likely to be injured?
Answer Choices:
(option1) Musculocutaneous.
(option2) Suprascapular
(option3) Upper or lower subscapular.
(option4) Radial
(option5) Axillary
There are multiple choices can be correct, the final answer should be seperate between choices by comma, p... | {
"option1": "Musculocutaneous.",
"option2": "Suprascapular",
"option3": "Upper or lower subscapular.",
"option4": "Radial",
"option5": "Axillary"
} | option5 | option5 | AFRIMEDQA |
Which of the following compensatory mechanisms maintain normal ICP in the face of an increasing intracranial mass lesion in adults?
Answer Choices:
(option1) Reduction in venous blood volume
(option2) Increase in skull volume
(option3) Sunsetting eyes
(option4) Increase in CSF production.
(option5) None of the above
... | {
"option1": "Reduction in venous blood volume",
"option2": "Increase in skull volume",
"option3": "Sunsetting eyes",
"option4": "Increase in CSF production.",
"option5": "None of the above"
} | option1 | option1 | AFRIMEDQA |
The following lesions are noted in patients with Recurrent Anterior Shoulder Dislocations
EXCEPT:
Answer Choices:
(option1) Hill Sachs Lesion
(option2) Bankart Lesion
(option3) Rotator cuff tear
(option4) Inferior Glenoid Rim Fracture
(option5) Reverse Hill Sachs Lesion
There are multiple choices can be correct,... | {
"option1": "Hill Sachs Lesion",
"option2": "Bankart Lesion",
"option3": "Rotator cuff tear",
"option4": "Inferior Glenoid Rim Fracture",
"option5": "Reverse Hill Sachs Lesion"
} | option5 | option5 | AFRIMEDQA |
A 65-year-old man has had pain in the left hip joint for a few years that has begun to subside but he then has noticed a reduction in the joint range of motion in the same hip. The most useful single thing he should do is?
Answer Choices:
(option1) Engage in sessions of physiotherapy to loosen the joint
(option2) St... | {
"option1": "Engage in sessions of physiotherapy to loosen the joint",
"option2": "Start a two-week trial of anti-inflammatory drugs to further reduce the pain",
"option3": "Test for rheumatoid factor",
"option4": "Consider hip replacement surgery",
"option5": "Take an x ray of the pelvis"
} | option5 | option5 | AFRIMEDQA |
The following is true of closed Fractures of the femoral shaft in adults.
Answer Choices:
(option1) They can only be managed by locked intramedullary nailing
(option2) May need blood transfusion
(option3) Fat embolism
(option4) Traction treatment should not be instituted at home
(option5) They are not associated wit... | {
"option1": "They can only be managed by locked intramedullary nailing",
"option2": "May need blood transfusion",
"option3": "Fat embolism",
"option4": "Traction treatment should not be instituted at home",
"option5": "They are not associated with significant blood loss"
} | option2 | option2 | AFRIMEDQA |
A 15-year-old boy presents with a single episode of displacement of his left knee cap while playing football but “it returned” spontaneously.
Answer Choices:
(option1) Physiotherapy, a knee support and observation would be adequate initial management
(option2) A knee CT scan should be done before definitive manageme... | {
"option1": "Physiotherapy, a knee support and observation would be adequate initial management",
"option2": "A knee CT scan should be done before definitive management and advice can be given",
"option3": "A knee arthroscopy is advised",
"option4": "Immediate surgery is recommended",
"option5": "All of the ... | option1 | option1 | AFRIMEDQA |
How is cerebral perfusion pressure defined?
Answer Choices:
(option1) Systolic arterial blood pressure minus diastolic blood pressure
(option2) Systolic arterial blood pressure minus venous pressure
(option3) Mean arterial blood pressure minus venous pressure
(option4) Mean arterial blood pressure minus intracranial ... | {
"option1": "Systolic arterial blood pressure minus diastolic blood pressure",
"option2": "Systolic arterial blood pressure minus venous pressure",
"option3": "Mean arterial blood pressure minus venous pressure",
"option4": "Mean arterial blood pressure minus intracranial pressure (ICP)",
"option5": "Venous ... | option4 | option4 | AFRIMEDQA |
Which of the following is an absolute contraindication of open reduction?
Answer Choices:
(option1) Active infection
(option2) Small-sized fragment
(option3) General medical complications
(option4) Severe scarring of adjacent soft tissues.
(option5) Patient refusal
There are multiple choices can be correct, the fi... | {
"option1": "Active infection",
"option2": "Small-sized fragment",
"option3": "General medical complications",
"option4": "Severe scarring of adjacent soft tissues.",
"option5": "Patient refusal"
} | option1 | option1 | AFRIMEDQA |
Death 3 days after pelvic fracture is most likely to be due to?
Answer Choices:
(option1) Hemorrhage
(option2) Pulmonary embolism
(option3) Fat embolism
(option4) Infection
(option5) Renal failure
There are multiple choices can be correct, the final answer should be seperate between choices by comma, please reason s... | {
"option1": "Hemorrhage",
"option2": "Pulmonary embolism",
"option3": "Fat embolism",
"option4": "Infection",
"option5": "Renal failure"
} | option3 | option3 | AFRIMEDQA |
Cerebral autoregulation maintains normal cerebral blood flow in what range of mean arterial blood pressures?
Answer Choices:
(option1) 50–150 mmHg
(option2) 50–100mmHg
(option3) 25–50 mmHg
(option4) 80–200 mmHg
(option5) 100–250 mmHg.
There are multiple choices can be correct, the final answer should be seperate betw... | {
"option1": "50–150 mmHg",
"option2": "50–100mmHg",
"option3": "25–50 mmHg",
"option4": "80–200 mmHg",
"option5": "100–250 mmHg."
} | option1 | option1 | AFRIMEDQA |
A patient develops compartment syndrome following manipulation and plaster for fracture of both bones of the leg. What is the best treatment?
Answer Choices:
(option1) Split the plaster
(option2) Infusion of low molecular weight dextran
(option3) Elevate the leg after splitting the plaster
(option4) Do operative d... | {
"option1": "Split the plaster",
"option2": "Infusion of low molecular weight dextran",
"option3": "Elevate the leg after splitting the plaster",
"option4": "Do operative decompression of fasciae compartments",
"option5": "Apply a cold compress to the leg"
} | option4 | option4 | AFRIMEDQA |
A patient with residual polio paralysis of the rt lower limb may best be managed by;
Answer Choices:
(option1) Ankle support
(option2) Knee ankle foot orthosis (KAFO)
(option3) Knee immobilizer
(option4) Knee brace
(option5) Physical therapy alone
There are multiple choices can be correct, the final answer should be se... | {
"option1": "Ankle support",
"option2": "Knee ankle foot orthosis (KAFO)",
"option3": "Knee immobilizer",
"option4": "Knee brace",
"option5": "Physical therapy alone"
} | option2 | option2 | AFRIMEDQA |
The metabolic energy cost of ambulation is:
Answer Choices:
(option1) Proportional to dietary intake by the patient
(option2) Proportional to the number of functioning joints
(option3) inversely proportional to the length of the residual limb
(option4) Not related to the type of amputation
(option5) Directly relat... | {
"option1": "Proportional to dietary intake by the patient",
"option2": "Proportional to the number of functioning joints",
"option3": "inversely proportional to the length of the residual limb",
"option4": "Not related to the type of amputation",
"option5": "Directly related to the patient's age"
} | option3 | option3 | AFRIMEDQA |
A 45-year-old male patient complains of dysphagia of 2 years’ duration. He seems to have greater difficulty swallowing liquids than solids. Recently he has noticed that at night he is woken up by coughing. He has lost about 7–8 kg in weight in 6 months. The most likely diagnosis in this patient is
Answer Choices:
(op... | {
"option1": "Peptic stricture",
"option2": "Carcinoma",
"option3": "Achalasia",
"option4": "Diffuse oesophageal spasm",
"option5": "Schatzki’s ring"
} | option3 | option3 | AFRIMEDQA |
One of the following is the most appropriate indication for Limb amputation
Answer Choices:
(option1) Mangled limb
(option2) Degloving injury
(option3) Cellulitis
(option4) Chronic pain unresponsive to treatment
(option5) Osteosarcoma
There are multiple choices can be correct, the final answer should be seperate bet... | {
"option1": "Mangled limb",
"option2": "Degloving injury",
"option3": "Cellulitis",
"option4": "Chronic pain unresponsive to treatment",
"option5": "Osteosarcoma"
} | option5 | option5 | AFRIMEDQA |
A 28-year-old man is brought by ambulance to the emergency department after falling from the roof of his home four hours ago. Upon initial evaluation, he has visible deformities of his bilateral lower extremities and a positive FAST exam. Heart rate is 135, blood pressure 85/58, and urine output is 40 cc over 3 hours. ... | {
"option1": "<15%",
"option2": "15-30%",
"option3": "30-40%",
"option4": "40-50%",
"option5": ">50%"
} | option3 | option3 | AFRIMEDQA |
Which of the following are associated with Graves’ disease?
Answer Choices:
(option1) Pretibial myxoedema
(option2) Exposure keratitis
(option3) Optic neuropathy
(option4) Chemosis
(option5) All of the above
There are multiple choices can be correct, the final answer should be seperate between choices by comma, pleas... | {
"option1": "Pretibial myxoedema",
"option2": "Exposure keratitis",
"option3": "Optic neuropathy",
"option4": "Chemosis",
"option5": "All of the above"
} | option5 | option5 | AFRIMEDQA |
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