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List of years in film	This page indexes the individual year in film pages. Each year is annotated with its significant events. 19th century in film 20th century in film: 1900s – 1910s – 1920s – 1930s – 1940s – 1950s – 1960s – 1970s – 1980s – 1990s 21st century in film: 2000s – 2010s – 2020s == 19th century in film == Before Muybridge's 1...
List of years in games	This page indexes lists of games (board and card games, wargames, miniatures games, and tabletop role-playing games) by their years of release. For video games, see List of years in video games. == 1970s == This decade saw the board wargame gain a level of popularity. It also saw the appearance of the earliest, simple...
List of years in ice sports	This page indexes the individual year in ice sports pages. Most years are annotated with one or more significant event as a reference point. == Pre-19th Century == Skating has been shown to have been in use since 3,000 years back. 1541, first written record about curling 18th Century, sports resembling bandy and ice h...
List of years in literature	This article gives a chronological list of years in literature, with notable publications listed with their respective years and a small selection of notable events. The time covered in individual years covers Renaissance, Baroque and Modern literature, while Medieval literature is resolved by century. Note: List of ye...
List of years in paleontology	The following entries cover events related to the study of paleontology which occurred in the listed year. == Before 1800s == 17th century in paleontology 18th century in paleontology == 1800s == 1800s: 1800 1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 1810s: 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820s: ...
List of years in philosophy	The following entries cover events related to the study of philosophy which occurred in the listed year or century. == Centuries == 11th century in philosophy 12th century in philosophy 13th century in philosophy 14th century in philosophy 15th century in philosophy 16th century in philosophy 17th century in philosoph...
List of years in poetry	This article gives a chronological list of years in poetry. These pages supplement the List of years in literature pages with a focus on events in the history of poetry. == Before 1000 BC == c. 26th century BC – Kesh Temple Hymn c. 23rd century BC – Enheduanna, The Exaltation of Inanna and the Temple Hymns c. 1500 BC ...
List of years in politics	This page indexes the individual year in politics pages. == 20th century == 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1960 - 1961 - 1962 - 1963 - 1964 - 1965 - 1966 - 1967 - 1968 - 1969 1970s 1970 - 1971 - 1972 - 1973 - 1974 - 1975 - 1976 - 1977 - 1978 - 1979 1980s 1980 - 1981 - 1982 - 1983 - 1984 - 1985 - 1986 - 1987...
List of years in rugby union	This page indexes the individual year in rugby union pages. Each year is annotated with one or more significant events as a reference point. == Years in rugby union == === 19th century === === 20th century === 2000 === 21st century === 2001 2002 2003 — England win the World Cup 2004 2005 2006 2007 — South Africa wi...
List of years in science	The following entries cover events related to science or technology which occurred in the listed year. == Before 1500s == 0s: 1st century in science 100s: 2nd century in science 200s: 3rd century in science 300s: 4th century in science 400s: 5th century in science 500s: 6th century in science 600s: 7th century in scie...
List of years in television	This is a list of years in television. It lists important events in the history of television, as well as the first broadcasts of many television shows, and launches of some television channels and networks. == 1920s == 1922: Charles Francis Jenkins' first public demonstration of television principles. A set of static...
List of years in the environment	This is a list of years in the environment. The subjects relate to environmental law, conservation, environmentalism and environmental issues. Some of the more notable events are listed here with a full list on the respective pages. == List of years == === 1920s === 1927 === 1940s === 1948 === 1950s === 1954 === ...
List of years in video games	This is a chronological list of years in video games that indexes the years in video games pages. Years are annotated with significant events in the history of video games. == 1970s == 1970 – Initial development begins on the first commercial video game, Computer Space. The first North American Computer Chess Champio...
Lists of lunar eclipses	A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. == By type == List of central lunar eclipses Total penumbral lunar eclipse == By classification == List of saros series for lunar eclipses – counts by saros number Tetrad – four total lunar eclipses within two years ...
Lists of office-holders	These are lists of incumbents (individuals holding offices or positions), including heads of states or of subnational entities. A historical discipline, archontology, focuses on the study of past and current office holders. Incumbents may also be found in the countries' articles (main article and "politics of") and the...
Lists of political entities by century	== 3rd millennium == === 21st century === List of current sovereign states Sovereign states by decade: == 2nd millennium by century == === 20th century === Sovereign states by decade: === 19th century === List of political entities in the 19th century Sovereign states by decade: === 18th century === Sovereign stat...
Lists of religious leaders by century	Lists of leaders of major religions in any given century include: List of 21st-century religious leaders List of 20th-century religious leaders List of 19th-century religious leaders List of 18th-century religious leaders List of 17th-century religious leaders List of 16th-century religious leaders List of 15th-centur...
Lists of state leaders by century	This is a list of heads of state, government leaders, and other rulers in any given century. == 3rd millennium == Current heads of state and government 2020s 2010s 2000s == 2nd millennium == == 1st millennium == 10th century 10th-century Holy Roman Empire 9th century 8th century 7th century 6th century 5th century 4...
Lists of years by topic	This is a list of lists of years by topic. == Arts, communication, and technology == List of years in animation List of years in anime List of years in architecture List of years in art List of years in aviation List of years in comics List of years in film List of years in games List of years in literature List of ye...
Philosophy	Philosophy ('love of wisdom' in Ancient Greek) is a systematic study of general and fundamental questions concerning topics like existence, reason, knowledge, value, mind, and language. It is a rational and critical inquiry that reflects on its methods and assumptions. Historically, many of the individual sciences, suc...
Politics	Politics (from Ancient Greek πολιτικά (politiká) 'affairs of the cities') is the set of activities that are associated with making decisions in groups, or other forms of power relations among individuals, such as the distribution of status or resources. The branch of social science that studies politics and government ...
Science	Science is a systematic discipline that builds and organises knowledge in the form of testable hypotheses and predictions about the universe. Modern science is typically divided into two or three major branches: the natural sciences (e.g., physics, chemistry, and biology), which study the physical world; and the social...
Table of years in archaeology	The following entries cover events related to the study of archaeology which occurred in the listed year. 1600s - 1700s - 1800s - 1900s- 2000s == 1600s == 1600 1601 1602 1603 1604 1605 1606 1607 1608 16091610 1611 1612 1613 1614 1615 1616 1617 1618 1619 1620 1621 1622 1623 1624 1625 1626 1627 1628 1629 1630 1631 1632...
Table of years in radio	The table of years in radio is a tabular display of all years in radio, for overview and quick navigation to any year. Contents: 1900s-2000s == 1900s in radio == 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1...
Technology	Technology is the application of conceptual knowledge to achieve practical goals, especially in a reproducible way. The word technology can also mean the products resulting from such efforts, including both tangible tools such as utensils or machines, and intangible ones such as software. Technology plays a critical ro...
The arts	The arts or creative arts are a vast range of human practices involving creative expression, storytelling, and cultural participation. The arts encompass diverse and plural modes of thought, deeds, and existence in an extensive range of media. Both a dynamic and characteristically constant feature of human life, the ar...
Timeline of architecture	This is a timeline of architecture, indexing the individual year in architecture pages. Notable events in architecture and related disciplines including structural engineering, landscape architecture, and city planning. One significant architectural achievement is listed for each year. Articles for each year (in bold ...
Timeline of art	This page indexes the individual year in art pages; see also art periods. This list is exclusively for the visual arts; for music, see Timeline of musical events. Prehistoric – 1000s – 1010s – 1020s – 1030s – 1040s – 1050s – 1060s – 1070s – 1080s – 1090s – 1100s – 1110s – 1120s – 1130s – 1140s – 1150s – 1160s – 1170s ...
Timeline of association football	This page indexes the individual year in association football pages. Each year is annotated with one or more significant events as a reference point. == Pre-1860s == 1820s in football Order imposed on folk football. Public schools start devising versions of football. The Foot Ball Club of Edinburgh was founded as the ...
Timeline of aviation – 18th century	This is a list of aviation-related events during the 18th century (January 1, 1701 – December 31, 1800): == 1700s–1770s == 1709 Portuguese Father Bartolomeu de Gusmão demonstrates a practical model of a hot-air balloon made of a paper envelope with burning material suspended below it to King John V of Portugal in the ...
Timeline of aviation – 19th century	This is a list of aviation-related events during the 19th century (1 January 1801 – 31 December 1900): == 1800–1859 == 1802 5 July – André-Jacques Garnerin and Edward Hawke Locker make a 17-mile (27 km) balloon flight from Lord's Cricket Ground in St John's Wood to Chingford in just over 15 minutes. 2 December – A ma...
Timeline of aviation – 20th century	== 1901 == July 31 - German meteorologists Berson and Süring climb to 10,800 m in a free balloon. === October === October 19 - Alberto Santos-Dumont, a Brazilian, flies his dirigible Number 6 around the Eiffel Tower to collect an FF100,000 prize. October 29 - the Royal Aero Club of Great Britain is established. Wilhel...
Timeline of musical events	Contents: Ancient music – Early history – 1500s – 1510s – 1520s – 1530s – 1540s – 1550s – 1560s – 1570s – 1580s – 1590s – 1600s – 1610s – 1620s – 1630s – 1640s – 1650s – 1660s – 1670s – 1680s – 1690s – 1700s – 1710s – 1720s – 1730s – 1740s – 1750s – 1760s – 1770s – 1780s – 1790s – 1800s – 1810s – 1820s – 1830s – 1840s ...
1931 Transcontinental & Western Air Fokker F-10 crash	On March 31, 1931, a Fokker F-10 belonging to Transcontinental and Western Air crashed near Bazaar, Kansas after taking off from Kansas City Municipal Airport, Kansas City, Missouri. The scheduled flight was from Kansas City to Los Angeles, with a stopover in Wichita. On this first leg, the wooden structure of one wing...
2013 Boeing 787 Dreamliner grounding	In 2013, the second year of service for the Boeing 787 Dreamliner, a widebody jet airliner, several of the aircraft suffered from electrical system problems stemming from its lithium-ion batteries. Incidents included two electrical fires, one aboard an All Nippon Airways 787 and another on a Japan Airlines 787; the sec...
ANSV	The National Agency for the Safety of Flight (Italian: Agenzia Nazionale per la Sicurezza del Volo) is the Italian aviation accident investigation agency. The ANSV is headquartered in Rome. The italian Prime Minister oversees the agency. It was established by legislative decree No. 66, 25 February 1999. Prior to the es...
Accident investigation	Accident analysis is a process carried out in order to determine the cause or causes of an accident (that can result in single or multiple outcomes) so as to prevent further accidents of a similar kind. It is part of accident investigation or incident investigation . These analyses may be performed by a range of expert...
Aerial lighthouse	An airway beacon (US) or aerial lighthouse (UK and Europe) was a rotating light assembly mounted atop a tower. These were once used extensively in the United States for visual navigation by airplane pilots along a specified airway corridor. In Europe, they were used to guide aircraft with lighted beacons at night. == ...
AeroSpace and Defence Industries Association of Europe	The Aerospace, Security and Defence Industries Association of Europe (ASD) is a trade association for the aerospace, defence and security industries in Europe. According to the organisation, it represents over 3,000 companies in 17 countries. == History == The organisation was formed in 2004 through the merger of the ...
Aero Flight 311	Aero Flight 311, often referred to as the Kvevlax air disaster, was a scheduled domestic passenger flight operated by Aero O/Y (now Finnair) between Kronoby and Vaasa in Finland. The aircraft, a Douglas DC-3, crashed in the municipality Kvevlax (Finnish: Koivulahti), nowadays part of Korsholm (Finnish: Mustasaari) on 3...
Aerodrome	An aerodrome, airfield, or airstrip is a location from which aircraft flight operations take place, regardless of whether they involve air cargo, passengers, or neither, and regardless of whether it is for public or private use. Aerodromes include small general aviation airfields, large commercial airports, and militar...
Aerodynamic stall	In fluid dynamics, a stall is a reduction in the lift coefficient generated by a foil as angle of attack exceeds its critical value. The critical angle of attack is typically about 15°, but it may vary significantly depending on the fluid, foil – including its shape, size, and finish – and Reynolds number. Stalls in fi...
Aeroflot Flight 7425	Aeroflot Flight 5143 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight between the Soviet cities of Karshi and Leningrad with a stopover in Ufa, operated by the Uzbek division of Aeroflot. On July 10, 1985, the Tupolev Tu-154 operating the flight was involved in an aviation accident when it crashed due to a high-attitude stall...
Aeroflot Flight 821	Aeroflot-Nord Flight 821 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight operated by Aeroflot-Nord in a service agreement with Aeroflot and as its subsidiary. On 14 September 2008, the aircraft operating the flight crashed on approach to Perm International Airport at 5:10 local time (UTC+06). All 82 passengers and six crew m...
African Airlines Association	The African Airlines Association (French: Association des Compagnies Aériennes Africaines), abbreviated AFRAA, is a trade association of African airlines. AFRAA was founded in Accra, Ghana, in 1968, and is, as of February 2021, headquartered in Nairobi, Kenya. The primary purpose of AFRAA is to establish and facilitate...
Air Accident Investigation Unit	The Air Accident Investigation Unit (AAIU) (Irish: An tAonad um Imscrúdú Aerthionóiscí) is part of the Department of Transport of Ireland, and is responsible for the investigation of aircraft accidents and serious incidents within Ireland, and Irish-registered aircraft outside the jurisdiction. The Air Accident Investi...
Air Accidents Investigation Branch	The Air Accidents Investigation Branch (AAIB) investigates civil aircraft accidents and serious incidents within the United Kingdom, its overseas territories and crown dependencies. It is also the Space Accident Investigation Authority (SAIA) for the United Kingdom. The AAIB is a branch of the Department for Transport ...
Air Accidents Investigation Institute	Air Accidents Investigation Institute (AAII, Czech: Ústav pro odborné zjišťování příčin leteckých nehod, ÚZPLN) is the Czech Republic government agency investigating aviation accidents and incidents. It is headquartered in Letňany, 18th district, Prague. == History == On 14 October 2002, the Czech government passed re...
Air Canada Flight 797	Air Canada Flight 797 was an international passenger flight operating from Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport to Montréal–Dorval International Airport, with an intermediate stop at Toronto Pearson International Airport. On 2 June 1983, the McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32 operating the service developed an in-flight fire...
Air Commerce Act of 1926	The Air Commerce Act of 1926 created an Aeronautic Branch of the United States Department of Commerce. Its functions included testing and licensing of pilots, certification of aircraft and investigation of accidents. In 1934, the Aeronautics Branch was renamed the Bureau of Air Commerce, to reflect the growing importan...
Air Florida Flight 90	Air Florida Flight 90 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight operated from Washington National Airport (now Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport) to Fort Lauderdale–Hollywood International Airport, with an intermediate stopover at Tampa International Airport. On January 13, 1982, the Boeing 737-200 that execute...
Air France Flight 358	Air France Flight 358 was a regularly scheduled international flight from Charles de Gaulle Airport in Paris, France, to Toronto Pearson International Airport in Ontario, Canada. On the afternoon of 2 August 2005, while landing at Pearson airport, the Airbus A340-313E operating the route overran the runway and crashed ...
Air France Flight 447	Air France Flight 447 was a scheduled international passenger flight from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to Paris, France. On 1 June 2009, inconsistent airspeed indications and miscommunication led to the pilots inadvertently stalling the Airbus A330. They failed to recover the plane from the stall, and the plane crashed into...
Air France Flight 4590	On 25 July 2000, Air France Flight 4590, a Concorde passenger jet on an international charter flight from Paris to New York, crashed shortly after takeoff, killing all 109 people on board and four on the ground. It was the only fatal Concorde accident during its 27-year operational history. Whilst taking off from Charl...
Air Malta	Air Malta, stylized as airmalta, was a Maltese airline headquartered in Luqa and based at Malta International Airport. It operated services as the country's flag carrier to destinations in Europe, the Middle East and North Africa. Air Malta ceased operations on 30 March 2024 and was replaced on the next day with a new ...
Air New Zealand Flight 901	The Mount Erebus disaster occurred on 28 November 1979 when Air New Zealand Flight 901 (TE901) flew into Mount Erebus on Ross Island, Antarctica, killing all 237 passengers and 20 crew on board. Air New Zealand had been operating scheduled Antarctic sightseeing flights since 1977. This flight left Auckland Airport in t...
Air Transport Action Group	The Air Transport Action Group (ATAG) is a coalition of aviation industry experts focusing on sustainable development issues. Its board of directors is composed of senior representatives from trade associations like Airports Council International, Civil Air Navigation Services Organisation, International Air Transport ...
Air cargo	Air cargo is any property carried or to be carried in an aircraft. Air cargo comprises air freight, air express and airmail. == Aircraft types == Different cargo can be transported by passenger, cargo or combi aircraft: Passenger aircraft use the spare volume in the airplane's baggage hold (the "belly") that is not b...
Air navigation	The basic principles of air navigation are identical to general navigation, which includes the process of planning, recording, and controlling the movement of a craft from one place to another. Successful air navigation involves piloting an aircraft from place to place without getting lost, not breaking the laws applyi...
Air rage	Air rage is aggressive or violent behavior on the part of passengers and crew of aircraft, especially during flight. Air rage generally covers both behavior of a passenger or crew member that is likely caused by physiological or psychological stresses associated with air travel, and when a passenger or crew member beco...
Air route authority between the United States and China	There are bilateral treaties that govern aviation rights between the United States and China, which cover both passenger services and cargo services. The United States has liberal aviation agreements with many countries and territories including an "open skies" agreement with Hong Kong since 2002, but there is no "open...
Air taxi	An air taxi is a small commercial aircraft that makes short flights on demand. == History == The concept of air taxis existed as early as the 1910s. This concept goes back as early as 1917 with Glenn Curtiss’ prototype, the auto-plane. Furthermore, during the 1920s to the late 1950s, various inventors created their ow...
Air traffic service	In aviation, an air traffic service (ATS) is a service which regulates and assists aircraft in real-time to ensure their safe operations. In particular, ATS is to: prevent collisions between aircraft; provide advice of the safe and efficient conduct of flights; conduct and maintain an orderly flow of air traffic; noti...
Air transport agreement	An air transport agreement (also sometimes called an air service agreement or ATA or ASA) is a bilateral agreement to allow international commercial air transport services between signatories. The bilateral system has its basis under the Chicago Convention and associated multilateral treaties. The Chicago Convention w...
Air travel	Air travel is a form of travel in vehicles such as airplanes, jet aircraft, helicopters, hot air balloons, blimps, gliders, hang gliders, parachutes, or anything else that can sustain flight. Use of air travel began vastly increasing in the 1930s: the number of Americans flying went from about 6,000 in 1930 to 450,000 ...
Airborne wind shear detection and alert system	The airborne wind shear detection and alert system, fitted in an aircraft, detects and alerts the pilot both visually and aurally of a wind shear condition. A reactive wind shear detection system is activated by the aircraft flying into an area with a wind shear condition of sufficient force to pose a hazard to the air...
Airbus A310	The Airbus A310 is a wide-body aircraft, designed and manufactured by Airbus Industrie GIE, then a consortium of European aerospace manufacturers. Airbus had identified a demand for an aircraft smaller than the A300, the first twin-jet wide-body. On 7 July 1978, the A310 (initially the A300B10) was launched with orders...
Airbus A320	The Airbus A320 family is a series of narrow-body airliners developed and produced by Airbus. The A320 was launched in March 1984, first flew on 22 February 1987, and was introduced in April 1988 by Air France. The first member of the family was followed by the stretched A321 (first delivered in January 1994), the shor...
Airbus A320-200	The Airbus A320 family is a series of narrow-body airliners developed and produced by Airbus. The A320 was launched in March 1984, first flew on 22 February 1987, and was introduced in April 1988 by Air France. The first member of the family was followed by the stretched A321 (first delivered in January 1994), the shor...
Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (Switzerland)	Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB, German: Büro für Flugunfalluntersuchungen, BFU; French: Bureau d'enquête sur les accidents d'aviation, BEAA; Italian: Ufficio d'inchiesta sugli infortuni aeronautici, UIIA) was the Swiss bureau of aircraft accident investigation. In 2011, it was replaced by the Swiss Transp...
Aircraft and Railway Accidents Investigation Commission	The Aircraft and Railway Accidents Investigation Commission (ARAIC) (航空・鉄道事故調査委員会, Kōkū-tetsudōjiko chōsa iinkai) was a commission belonging to Japan's Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. Members of the commission were appointed by the transport minister to investigate the causes of aircraft and railway acc...
Aircraft cabin	An aircraft cabin is the section of an aircraft in which passengers travel. Most modern commercial aircraft are pressurized, as cruising altitudes are high enough such that the surrounding atmosphere is too thin for passengers and crew to breathe. In commercial air travel, particularly in airliners, cabins may be divid...
Aircraft design process	The aircraft design process is a loosely defined method used to balance many competing and demanding requirements to produce an aircraft that is strong, lightweight, economical and can carry an adequate payload while being sufficiently reliable to safely fly for the design life of the aircraft. Similar to, but more exa...
Aircraft engine	An aircraft engine, often referred to as an aero engine, is the power component of an aircraft propulsion system. Aircraft using power components are referred to as powered flight. Most aircraft engines are either piston engines or gas turbines, although a few have been rocket powered and in recent years many small UAV...
Aircraft fire trainer	An aircraft fire trainer is a firefighting simulator designed to practice rescue of passengers and crew during an aircraft accident. Aircraft fire training simulators allow firefighters to re-create different emergency scenarios such as large-scale external fuel spill, wing, engine and tail fires. They can also help t...
Aircraft ground handling	In aviation, aircraft ground handling or ground operations defines the servicing of an aircraft while it is on the ground and (usually) parked at a terminal gate of an airport. == Overview == Many airlines subcontract ground handling to airports, handling agents or even to another airline. According to the Internatio...
Aircraft hijacking	Aircraft hijacking (also known as airplane hijacking, skyjacking, plane hijacking, plane jacking, air robbery, air piracy, or aircraft piracy, with the last term used within the special aircraft jurisdiction of the United States) is the unlawful seizure of an aircraft by an individual or a group. Dating from the earlie...
Aircraft lavatory	An aircraft lavatory or plane toilet is a small unisex room on an aircraft with a toilet and sink. They are commonplace on passenger flights except some short-haul flights. Aircraft toilets were historically chemical toilets, but many now use a vacuum flush system instead. == History == Early aircraft fitted with a t...
Aircraft maintenance technician	An aircraft mechanic, aviation mechanic or aircraft maintenance technician (AMT) is a tradesperson who carries out aircraft maintenance and repairs. AMTs inspect and perform or supervise maintenance, repairs and alteration of aircraft and aircraft systems. For a person who holds a mechanic certificate issued by the Fed...
Aircraft pilot	An aircraft pilot or aviator is a person who controls the flight of an aircraft by operating its directional flight controls. Some other aircrew members, such as navigators or flight engineers, are also considered aviators because they are involved in operating the aircraft's navigation and engine systems. Other aircre...
Aircraft rescue and firefighting	Aircraft rescue and firefighting (ARFF) is a type of firefighting that involves the emergency response, mitigation, evacuation, and rescue of passengers and crew of aircraft involved in aviation accidents and incidents. Airports with scheduled passenger flights are obliged to have firefighters and firefighting apparatu...
Aircraft safety card	An aircraft safety card is a document instructing passengers on an aircraft about the procedures for dealing with various emergency conditions that might arise during the flight. == General information == The safety cards are usually provided by airlines on all commercial flights, usually located in the back of the s...
Aircraft seat map	An aircraft seat map or seating chart is a diagram of the seat layout inside a passenger airliner. They are often published by airlines for informational purposes and are of use to passengers for selection of their seat at booking or check-in. Seat maps usually indicate the basic seating layout; the numbering and lette...
Aircrew	Aircrew are personnel who operate an aircraft while in flight. The composition of a flight's crew depends on the type of aircraft, plus the flight's duration and purpose. == Commercial aviation == === Flight deck positions === In commercial aviation, the crew responsible for operating and controlling the aircraft are...
Airframe	The mechanical structure of an aircraft is known as the airframe. This structure is typically considered to include the fuselage, undercarriage, empennage and wings, and excludes the propulsion system. Airframe design is a field of aerospace engineering that combines aerodynamics, materials technology and manufacturing...
Airline alliance	An airline alliance is an aviation industry arrangement between two or more airlines agreeing to cooperate on a substantial level. Alliances may provide marketing branding to facilitate travelers making inter-airline codeshare connections within countries. This branding may involve unified aircraft liveries of member a...
Airline booking ploys	Airline booking ploys are used by travelers in commercial aviation to lower the price of flying by circumventing airlines' rules about how tickets may be used. They are generally a breach of the contract of carriage between the passenger and the airline, which airlines may try to enforce in various ways. == Throwaway ...
Airline codes	This is a list of airline codes. The table lists IATA's two-character airline designators, ICAO's three-character airline designators and the airline call signs (telephony designator). == IATA airline designator == IATA airline designators, sometimes called IATA reservation codes, are two-character codes assigned by t...
Airline hub	An airline hub or hub airport is an airport used by one or more airlines to concentrate passenger traffic and flight operations. Hubs serve as transfer (or stop-over) points to help get passengers to their final destination. It is part of the hub-and-spoke system. An airline may operate flights from several non-hub (sp...
Airline meal	An airline meal, airline food, or in-flight meal is a meal served to passengers on board a commercial airliner. These meals are prepared by specialist airline catering services and are normally served to passengers using an airline service trolley. These meals vary widely in quality and quantity across different airlin...
Airline reservations system	Airline reservation systems (ARS) are systems that allow an airline to sell their inventory (seats). It contains information on schedules and fares and contains a database of reservations (or passenger name records) and of tickets issued (if applicable). ARSs are part of passenger service systems (PSS), which are appli...
Airline seat	An airline seat is a seat on an airliner in which passengers are accommodated for the duration of the journey. Such seats are usually arranged in rows running across the airplane's fuselage. A diagram of such seats in an aircraft is called an aircraft seat map. Within the industry, this map is known as a LOPA (Layout-P...
Airline security	Airport security includes the techniques and methods used in an attempt to protect passengers, staff, aircraft, and airport property from malicious harm, crime, terrorism, and other threats. Aviation security is a combination of measures and human and material resources in order to safeguard civil aviation against acts...
Airline ticket	An airline ticket is a document or electronic record, issued by an airline or a travel agency, that confirms that an individual is entitled to a seat on a flight on an aircraft. The airline ticket may be one of two types: a paper ticket, which comprises coupons or vouchers; and an electronic ticket (commonly referred t...
Airline timetable	Airline timetables are printed pamphlets or folders that many airlines have traditionally used to inform passengers of several different things, such as schedules, fleet, security, in-flight entertainment, food menus, baggage weight restrictions, and contact information. Airline timetables used to be printed, multi-pag...
Airlines for America	Airlines for America (A4A), formerly known as Air Transport Association of America (ATA), is an American trade association and lobbying group based in Washington, D.C. that has represented major North American airlines since 1936. The A4A is frequently involved in US government decisions regarding the aviation industry...
Airlines for Europe	Airlines for Europe (A4E) is the largest EU airline association, representing 70% of European air traffic. == History == A4E was founded in January 2016 by Europe's five largest carriers: Air France–KLM Group, easyJet, International Airlines Group, Lufthansa Group and Ryanair Holdings and serves as the united voice of...
Airmail	Airmail (or air mail) is a mail transport service branded and sold on the basis of at least one leg of its journey being by air. Airmail items typically arrive more quickly than surface mail, and usually cost more to send. Airmail may be the only option for sending mail to some destinations, such as overseas, if the ma...
Airplane mode	Airplane mode (also known as aeroplane mode, flight mode, offline mode, or standalone mode) is a setting available on smartphones and other portable devices. When activated, this mode suspends the device's radio-frequency (RF) signal transmission technologies (i.e., Bluetooth, telephony and Wi-Fi), effectively disablin...
Airport	An airport is an aerodrome with extended facilities, mostly for commercial air transport. They usually consist of a landing area, which comprises an aerially accessible open space including at least one operationally active surface such as a runway for a plane to take off and to land or a helipad, and often includes ad...

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