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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
70,878 | John 7:37-38 ESV
>
> 37 On the last day of the feast, the great day, Jesus stood up and cried out, “If anyone thirsts, let him come to me and drink. 38 Whoever believes in me, as[f] the Scripture has said, ‘Out of his heart will flow rivers of living water.’”
>
>
>
We are told that during the feast of Booths Christ cried out extending an invitation to those who are thirst.The text describes the invitation as referring to the giving of the Holy spirit,yet later in the same book it seems the coming of the the Holy spirit is connected to Christ ascension
John 16:7 ESV
>
> 7 Nevertheless, I tell you the truth: it is to your advantage that I go away, ***for if I do not go away, the Helper will not come to you***. But if I go, I will send him to you.
>
>
>
Did Christ intend giving the Holy spirit prior to his ascension? | 2021/11/05 | [
"https://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com/questions/70878",
"https://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com",
"https://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com/users/16527/"
] | The answer to this question is in the next verse so let me quote the John 7:37-39 -
>
> **37** On the last and greatest day of the feast, Jesus stood up and called out in a loud voice, “If anyone is thirsty, let him come to Me
> and drink. **38** Whoever believes in Me, as the Scripture has said:
> ‘Streams of living water will flow from within him.’ ” **39** He was
> speaking about the Spirit, whom those who believed in Him **were later
> to receive**. **For the Spirit had not yet been given, because Jesus
> had not yet been glorified**.
>
>
>
Thus, there is nothing inconsistent between John 7:37-39 and the other references to the Holy Spirit in John 14:16, 26, 15:26, 16:7 that likens the Holy Spirit to an Advocate, Helper, comforter, or "paraklete" in Greek.
The Holy Spirit would come "with power" (Acts 1:8, 10:38, Eph 3:16, 1 Thess 1:5, Rom 1:4, 15:19, etc) only after Jesus' ascension as described in Luke 24:49 (NLT) -
>
> “And now I will send the Holy Spirit, just as my Father promised. But
> stay here in the city until the Holy Spirit comes and fills you with
> power from heaven.”
>
>
>
And also in John 20:21, 22 after the resurrection -
>
> Jesus said to them again, “Peace be with you. As the Father has sent
> me, even so I am sending you.” And when he had said this, he breathed
> on them and said to them, “Receive the Holy Spirit.
>
>
> | >
> Now this he (Jesus) said about the spirit, whom those who believed in him were to receive, for as yet the spirit had not been given, because Jesus was not yet glorified. John 7:39
>
>
>
>
> Exalted then, to the right hand of God, he has received from the Father the promised holy spirit and has poured out what you now see and hear. Acts 2:33
>
>
>
There is no indication that we can conclude from John 7:37 that this concerns a *time* for this event. Other verses do give a time. The verses noted should be the primary reference for understanding this matter.
An invitation is not the same as the actual event and so no contradiction or uncertainty is evident.
Jesus in his pre-ascended, pre-crucifixion, mortal state of humanity is not able to grant such a thing as the spirit of God - unless God grants it through him as He did through the prophets etc. Once exalted, Jesus has the power within himself because God has given that to him. |
70,878 | John 7:37-38 ESV
>
> 37 On the last day of the feast, the great day, Jesus stood up and cried out, “If anyone thirsts, let him come to me and drink. 38 Whoever believes in me, as[f] the Scripture has said, ‘Out of his heart will flow rivers of living water.’”
>
>
>
We are told that during the feast of Booths Christ cried out extending an invitation to those who are thirst.The text describes the invitation as referring to the giving of the Holy spirit,yet later in the same book it seems the coming of the the Holy spirit is connected to Christ ascension
John 16:7 ESV
>
> 7 Nevertheless, I tell you the truth: it is to your advantage that I go away, ***for if I do not go away, the Helper will not come to you***. But if I go, I will send him to you.
>
>
>
Did Christ intend giving the Holy spirit prior to his ascension? | 2021/11/05 | [
"https://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com/questions/70878",
"https://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com",
"https://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com/users/16527/"
] | The answer to this question is in the next verse so let me quote the John 7:37-39 -
>
> **37** On the last and greatest day of the feast, Jesus stood up and called out in a loud voice, “If anyone is thirsty, let him come to Me
> and drink. **38** Whoever believes in Me, as the Scripture has said:
> ‘Streams of living water will flow from within him.’ ” **39** He was
> speaking about the Spirit, whom those who believed in Him **were later
> to receive**. **For the Spirit had not yet been given, because Jesus
> had not yet been glorified**.
>
>
>
Thus, there is nothing inconsistent between John 7:37-39 and the other references to the Holy Spirit in John 14:16, 26, 15:26, 16:7 that likens the Holy Spirit to an Advocate, Helper, comforter, or "paraklete" in Greek.
The Holy Spirit would come "with power" (Acts 1:8, 10:38, Eph 3:16, 1 Thess 1:5, Rom 1:4, 15:19, etc) only after Jesus' ascension as described in Luke 24:49 (NLT) -
>
> “And now I will send the Holy Spirit, just as my Father promised. But
> stay here in the city until the Holy Spirit comes and fills you with
> power from heaven.”
>
>
>
And also in John 20:21, 22 after the resurrection -
>
> Jesus said to them again, “Peace be with you. As the Father has sent
> me, even so I am sending you.” And when he had said this, he breathed
> on them and said to them, “Receive the Holy Spirit.
>
>
> | John 7:
>
> 37 On the last and greatest day of the festival, Jesus stood and said in a loud voice, “Let anyone who is thirsty come to me and drink. 38Whoever believes in me, as Scripture has said, rivers of living water will flow from within them.” 39By this he meant the Spirit, whom those who believed in him were later to receive. Up to that time the Spirit had not been given, since Jesus had not yet been **glorified**.
>
>
>
i.e., glorified on the cross. The Spirit here refers to the special function of the Paraclete, the indwelling Holy Spirit. This is confirmed later in
John 16:
>
> 7 Nevertheless, I tell you the truth: it is to your advantage that I go away, for if I do not go away, the **Helper** [Paraclete] will not come to you. But if I go, I will send him to you.
>
>
>
Did Christ intend giving the Holy spirit prior to his ascension?
not in the special function of the Paraclete. |
44,053 | Like i said im justing starting and it feals like it is impossible to learn a launguage. Id like to code games and would appreciate it if some one could direct me to a site where I could learn how to do so. | 2012/11/20 | [
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/questions/44053",
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com",
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/users/23141/"
] | It is no easy task to program a game, you need to have a solid background in mathematics especially linear algebra if you want to program 3D games.
If you have no interest in maths, algorithms and serious programming, but just want to create games then look at this <http://mashable.com/2008/01/04/20-tools-for-creating-your-own-games/> | Purchase a book about programming in a language you think seems interesting. For an example a Java book. You can't write a game before you know how to write code. There are tons of programming books on Amazon, which hopefully will give you inspiration. |
44,053 | Like i said im justing starting and it feals like it is impossible to learn a launguage. Id like to code games and would appreciate it if some one could direct me to a site where I could learn how to do so. | 2012/11/20 | [
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/questions/44053",
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com",
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/users/23141/"
] | It is no easy task to program a game, you need to have a solid background in mathematics especially linear algebra if you want to program 3D games.
If you have no interest in maths, algorithms and serious programming, but just want to create games then look at this <http://mashable.com/2008/01/04/20-tools-for-creating-your-own-games/> | As others have pointed out, this is the wrong place ask that question. But here's a link anyway: [Lazy Foo Tutorials](http://lazyfoo.net/SDL_tutorials/index.php). The tutorials are designed from ground up to teach game development in C++ using the SDL library. If that's too much for you, consider taking an introductory programming course on [Udacity](http://www.udacity.com/) or [Coursera](https://www.coursera.org/). |
2,447,775 | I have never developed for WAMP, the hosting guy for my new client says they are using Windows servers, they can setup PHP and MySQL for me, but they cannot switch to a \*nix server.
He said there are some nuances from PHP on \*nix Vs. win.
So my question is, if I have never programmed PHP on win, should I go through the hassle of switching hosts (since they cannot do \*nix themselves), or are the differences slight enough that it shouldn't be too big a problem for me?
(side note: the state of the clients website has no effect since it is a static all-flash site and is going to be completely rebuilt)
Thanks! | 2010/03/15 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2447775",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/46011/"
] | I would suggest [XAMPP](http://www.apachefriends.org/en/xampp.html) which is a complete LAMP package which will install on either Windows or Linux.
You can do all your development on your local machine this way. | I'd suggest to avoid windows hosting. There is no much difference for the PHP as it already multiplatform, but windows is not an option for the public host. Less performance, less security, less operability.
Also, note that they never administer php installation, so, it will be trouble in support. |
2,447,775 | I have never developed for WAMP, the hosting guy for my new client says they are using Windows servers, they can setup PHP and MySQL for me, but they cannot switch to a \*nix server.
He said there are some nuances from PHP on \*nix Vs. win.
So my question is, if I have never programmed PHP on win, should I go through the hassle of switching hosts (since they cannot do \*nix themselves), or are the differences slight enough that it shouldn't be too big a problem for me?
(side note: the state of the clients website has no effect since it is a static all-flash site and is going to be completely rebuilt)
Thanks! | 2010/03/15 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2447775",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/46011/"
] | Edit to address the actual question: Before bringing this up with the client, here are some things to consider:
* What is your relationship with the client? Is this a one project deal, or do you hope to continue working for them? Either way, do you want to get a good reference from them? Are you a long established service provider with a high level of trust, or a new face who has yet to prove themselves? How would they respond if you suggest that they change? Would they mind switching web hosts?
* How comfortable are you working with Windows in general? Can you can use it with moderate skill and comfort?
* What is your time frame for project completion? How long would it take to find a new hosting service and get set up? How will this impact your scheduled completion?
Ultimately, if you decide to raise the issue, the client has to decide whether they want to move to a new hosting company. Some factors to consider there include:
* How long have they been with this host? How good or bad is the relationship between your client and their hosting company. What contractual obligations are in place between them? Would your client have to pay to leave?
* After you finish the initial development, who is going to maintain and administer the system (you or someone at the client company), and which system do they know?
Now, if you want to use Windows, I'll mention that, in addition to XAMPP, the [WAMP](http://www.wampserver.com/en/) server, which will run on just about any modern version of Windows. I used it for a class (where it was required), and then on a development system for a project at work that ultimately ran on a Linux server. Both ran Windows XP. I don't recall needing to make any changes when copying the PHP from Windows to Linux, although I did stay away from any functions which would have been platform dependent. FWIW, I found WAMP very easy to set up, administer, and use. | I'd suggest to avoid windows hosting. There is no much difference for the PHP as it already multiplatform, but windows is not an option for the public host. Less performance, less security, less operability.
Also, note that they never administer php installation, so, it will be trouble in support. |
6,583,012 | I have two tables contacts and inventory. These two tables are not related. I want to index these two tables and search using Solr.
Is this possible? | 2011/07/05 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/6583012",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/829718/"
] | If some part of your application needs to search for contacts, and another one needs to search in the inventory, create two separate indices. Storing wildly different data in the same index is almost never a good idea, it complicates things unnecessarily. As the [Solr wiki wisely says](http://wiki.apache.org/solr/SchemaDesign):
>
> The more heterogeneous (different
> kinds of data) you have in one field
> or in one index, the less useful it
> is.
>
>
>
You don't need to have multiple Solr instances to accomodate multiple indices, you can easily manage this with [multi-core](http://wiki.apache.org/solr/CoreAdmin). | Yes, you can do that. Simply create a Solr schema, that contains all fields necessary for both tables and add another field, that contains the table name. During indexing, add the table name property to the fields you want to index. During searching also always include a query parameter for the table name field.
As an alternative, you can setup multiple instances of Solr. But you should do this only, if we are talking about massive amounts of data here (like millions of table rows). |
6,583,012 | I have two tables contacts and inventory. These two tables are not related. I want to index these two tables and search using Solr.
Is this possible? | 2011/07/05 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/6583012",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/829718/"
] | If some part of your application needs to search for contacts, and another one needs to search in the inventory, create two separate indices. Storing wildly different data in the same index is almost never a good idea, it complicates things unnecessarily. As the [Solr wiki wisely says](http://wiki.apache.org/solr/SchemaDesign):
>
> The more heterogeneous (different
> kinds of data) you have in one field
> or in one index, the less useful it
> is.
>
>
>
You don't need to have multiple Solr instances to accomodate multiple indices, you can easily manage this with [multi-core](http://wiki.apache.org/solr/CoreAdmin). | I found a very helpful answer to this question [here](http://www.lucidimagination.com/blog/2011/02/12/solr-powered-isfdb-part-4/), including some guidance on using "multiple indexes" vs. "multiple document types in one index". The post also links to example code on github that I found very useful. |
11,449 | I've been "swimming" once in a while for years, while on vacation for example, and never had a problem. Recently I've been learning the crawl (freestyle). I've finally got myself up to 20 meters or so without running out of breath. But now, after swimming the crawl for a while, I feel sick. I come out of the water and lie down, and things spin (as if I've drunk too much), and I feel a little like throwing up.
I'm pretty active. I run and things like that. Is the nausea a sign that I'm doing something wrong, or is it just part of getting acclimated to this stroke? | 2016/04/07 | [
"https://outdoors.stackexchange.com/questions/11449",
"https://outdoors.stackexchange.com",
"https://outdoors.stackexchange.com/users/9206/"
] | This is most likely either a breathing problem, or a fatigue problem. If your muscles aren't tired at all then it's probably breathing. Given your description it sounds like you are hyperventilating. If your muscles feel like jelly then it means that you're pushing too hard. I've seen plenty of people puke (and have done so myself) after going harder than they were ready for.
Either of these is rather dangerous as breathing can make you pass out, and pushing too hard can make you cramp. Both lead to drowning. | If you can't do more than 20 meters your stroke is really bad and/or your breathing technique is bad. Bad swimming technique is incredibly exhausting, about the same a drowning. As a beginner you will need to breath on every stroke in order to get enough air. And as people have said here, you need to get all the CO2 out before the next breath, not easy to do at first. Try swimming with fins until you get the hang of the stroke. You won't struggle to stay afloat and the additional speed will make it easier to breathe. |
222,255 | In Journey Builder where the Entry Object is Contact, i have setup event criteria to fire journey upon Creation or Updating a Contact. But once activated, the journey only fires up when a Contact is Created.
Then i tried updating that Contact, but it is not being accepted in the Journey.
Journey settings is set to Re-Entry Anytime.
Is it possible to fire a journey by updating a Contact?
Thanks in advance. | 2018/06/21 | [
"https://salesforce.stackexchange.com/questions/222255",
"https://salesforce.stackexchange.com",
"https://salesforce.stackexchange.com/users/57729/"
] | The [documentation](https://help.salesforce.com/articleView?id=mc_jb_salesforce_data_event.htm&type=5) is a little misleading when it states: "The rule does not run when a record that previously met rule criteria is updated". Makes it sound like a record can't qualify again.
So for updated to work, the record needs to be updated from something different than the entry criteria condition, to something that equals the condition.
For example, entry criteria is "some\_number\_field > 0". If the value is 1 for first entry and you change to 2, it wont trigger and re-enter. You would need to change that value to 0 to disqualify and then to 2 (or anything greater than 0) in order to qualify.
To get around this I created a new custom field as a boolean on the object. Journey entry criteria is then set to "New\_Field = False". When I create the new object I set the field to "False" which enters the record into the journey. Then in the first step in the journey I set the New\_Field value to "True". When I want the record triggered into the journey again I set to "False" again. | Salesforce Data Entry Events are only triggered when a contact goes from a state of not meeting criteria to then meeting the criteria. Since the same contact that had already met criteria was updated, the event was not triggered.
See link here:
"When a record is updated, the rule runs only if the record meets rule criteria after the update. The rule does not run when a record that previously met rule criteria is updated."
<https://help.salesforce.com/articleView?id=mc_jb_salesforce_data_event.htm&type=5> |
9,835,087 | I published an app to the android market about 3 hours ago and it shows up when I got to <https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=my.package.name> but it won't show up in the search.
Also, when I am not signed into google it will appear if I go to <https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=some.package.name&feature=more_from_developer> however if I am signed in it will not appear in that list either.
In both cases, signed in or not, if I go to the apps page directly ( <https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=my.package.name> ) it will appear and say that it IS compatible with my device. What is going on in the market? Is this normal behavior? | 2012/03/23 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/9835087",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1212443/"
] | I also experienced this with some of my apps. It seems that there are some kinds of caching strategies in place that prevent the item from appearing.
Just wait another couple of hours and check your application again.
As long as the market says that the app is compatible with your device there shouldn't be a serious error. | Usually it start reflecting in couple of hours but sometimes it can take upto 6 hours or more after publishing it to market. |
41,840,238 | Could some one please help me on the below
Is it possible to record desktop applications using JMeter?
I just tried the following, but didn't work
1. File--->Template--->Create
2. Workbench--->Recording Script-->Start
3. Launched my application which is desktop and perform some actions
4. Workbench--->Recording Script-->Stop
5. When I expand Threadgroup--->Recording Controller-Nothing recorded
Where am I missing? | 2017/01/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/41840238",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/4257075/"
] | You miss one important step:
* configure your desktop application to use proxy and provide host and port where JMeter is running (localhost and 8888 if they live on the same machine
Also be aware that:
* JMeter can record only HTTP or HTTPS traffic, if your application uses other protocol - the calls will not be recorded. In that case you can consider [The Grinder](http://grinder.sourceforge.net/) as an alternative, it comes with [TCPProxy](http://grinder.sourceforge.net/g3/tcpproxy.html) which is more low level therefore is cable to capture more protocols
* If your application uses HTTPS protocol you will need an SSL certificate in order to decrypt and record the requests, you can configure your application to use JMeter's certificate or vice versa.
* On MS Windows you may need to add a [Loopback Adapter](https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc708322(v=ws.10).aspx)
See [How to Run Performance Tests of Desktop Applications Using JMeter](https://www.blazemeter.com/blog/how-run-performance-tests-desktop-applications-using-jmeter) article for more details on simulating multiple desktop applications using JMeter | As [help](http://jmeter.apache.org/usermanual/component_reference.html#HTTP(S)_Test_Script_Recorder) explains:
>
> The recorder is implemented as an HTTP(S) proxy server. You need to set up your browser use the proxy for all HTTP and HTTPS requests.
>
>
>
Technically browser is also a desktop application, so to answer your first question, yes, you can record desktop applications using JMeter. However, just like browser, your desktop application must have an ability to connect to the internet via user-defined proxy. And also recorder will only record HTTP traffic from and to the application, it will not record client-only UI events, or traffic generated by any other protocols.
So to sum up:
* Any desktop application can use JMeter recorder
* But only if you can configure it to use JMeter recorder as a proxy
* And only if your goal is to record HTTP traffic related to your desktop application, nothing else. |
22,529 | My two toddlers love to play together. At bedtime, when we have them together for the quiet part of bedtime (pajamas, story, lullabies), they wind up bouncing off the walls. And the bed, each other, us, etc. This is okay at home, as they have separate bedrooms.
We're planning a trip for a few months from now, where the whole family will stay in one hotel room. So our children will have to be able to fall asleep in the same room as each other, and as us. Any suggestions for how we can prepare them?
The older child sleeps in a bed (on a mattress actually, no box spring or bed frame to break under the jumping) and the other sleeps in a crib. We will bring our own travel crib.
I've read most of the similar questions, and there's some good tips in those. | 2015/10/13 | [
"https://parenting.stackexchange.com/questions/22529",
"https://parenting.stackexchange.com",
"https://parenting.stackexchange.com/users/7790/"
] | One idea might be a "practice" run or two.
Bring the travel crib into a bedroom (either your own, or the older child's), and explain you're having a sleepover just like you will be on your vacation. Everybody needs to stay calmly in their own area (bed/crib), parents need to be soothing and gently encourage lying down.
Not only will it help the kids learn what's expected on this different kind of bedtime, but it'll help you spot potential problems with the setup and brainstorm solutions. (Our toddler needed to have the travel crib oriented in such a way that a blanket blocked his view of the rest of the room, for example.) | If the bathroom is large enough to accommodate, I'd put the crib in the bathroom. |
22,529 | My two toddlers love to play together. At bedtime, when we have them together for the quiet part of bedtime (pajamas, story, lullabies), they wind up bouncing off the walls. And the bed, each other, us, etc. This is okay at home, as they have separate bedrooms.
We're planning a trip for a few months from now, where the whole family will stay in one hotel room. So our children will have to be able to fall asleep in the same room as each other, and as us. Any suggestions for how we can prepare them?
The older child sleeps in a bed (on a mattress actually, no box spring or bed frame to break under the jumping) and the other sleeps in a crib. We will bring our own travel crib.
I've read most of the similar questions, and there's some good tips in those. | 2015/10/13 | [
"https://parenting.stackexchange.com/questions/22529",
"https://parenting.stackexchange.com",
"https://parenting.stackexchange.com/users/7790/"
] | We had the same worries about our kids. Turns out that most of it was unfounded. The exhaustion from the traveling, the new-situation effect, and the extra scrutiny from the parents being right there nipped most of the problems in the bud.
On occasion, we've tried things like:
* Split parents up on separate beds, with one child each.
* Have children sleep with heads on opposite ends of the bed.
* Have a child sleep in the closet, if it's a relatively roomy one.
* Stay up later past their normal bedtime, so they can fall straight asleep.
* Plan for extra time to fall asleep, so you don't stress out if it takes a while.
* Relax a little on the rules. It's not the worst thing if they get a little scared at night and decide to snuggle together.
We've been known to temporarily rearrange furniture to better suit our needs, especially since we have a daughter who uses a wheelchair and they don't always leave sufficient room for her to get around easily. Don't feel like you have to accept the room at face value. | If the bathroom is large enough to accommodate, I'd put the crib in the bathroom. |
147,099 | I'm looking for some advice on how I can simplify this very detailed shapefile to ultimately be used for the web (as topojson) as a interactive heatmap. It was originally created from a raster file (geotiff - <http://ecotope.org/anthromes/v2/data/>). I believe it's going to take a little more massaging before using a Douglas-Peucker or Visvalingam algorithm. *I believe* the best way to achieve this would be to *intelligently* merge features based on the attribute value each contains. I'm just not sure the best way to achieve this. I have a sneaking suspicion that "dissolve" is what I need, but QGIS just freezes anytime I try that.
I'm working with command-line gdal utils and QGIS.
I have attached some screenshots below to give you a better idea of what I'm dealing with.
 | 2015/05/13 | [
"https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/147099",
"https://gis.stackexchange.com",
"https://gis.stackexchange.com/users/6814/"
] | you can convert your aspects into the sine and cosine, compute the mean of the sine's and the mean of the cosine's, then turn it back to aspect using atan2(sine,cosine). For more details, see [Wikipedia](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directional_statistics) | Most textbooks suggest using atan2(Sigma(sin(x)), Sigma(cos(x))), however this is not always the right thing to do. For example, the average of 0, 0 and 90 degrees is atan( (sin(0)+sin(0)+sin(90)) / (cos(0)+cos(0)+cos(90)) ) = atan(1/2)= 26.56 deg, and not 30 deg as one may expect.
Take a look at my article on CodeProject "[*Circular Values Math and Statistics with C++11*](http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/190833/Circular-Values-Math-and-Statistics-with-Cplusplus)", especially section 26 - *Averaging n circular values*, and section 29 - *Circular parameter estimation based on noisy measurements*, were I suggest a method that is consistent with the general definition on an average, and also more accurate when the data has a wrapped normal distribution.
An equivalent method is suggested in Edwin Olson's paper "[*On computing the average orientation of vectors and lines*](http://april.eecs.umich.edu/pdfs/olson2011orientation.pdf)" (Algorithm 1). |
29,801,755 | I am developing in C++ on Windows with minGW. I have debugging problems at the moment.
I must use an old version of GCC (4.4).
So I was just wondering if it is possible to compile with this old GCC and debug with a new GDB?
What is the link between the two of them?
(Any pointers regarding debugger crashes would be greatly appreciated too!
I just know that I need to be sure to use debug DLLs) | 2015/04/22 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/29801755",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/882697/"
] | GDB and GCC are separate programs -- separate source bases (with a bit of shared code, though not much), generally separate maintainers, different release schedules, and different version numbers. They do share a bit of culture and of course there is some coordination.
GDB is reasonably good about backward compatibility. It even keeps workarounds for bugs in debuginfo emitted by older versions of GCC and sometimes other compilers. What this means is that you can usually upgrade GDB while keeping the same GCC version.
The reverse, though, is not always the case. Sometimes a new version of GCC emits debug info that an older GDB cannot understand. In this situation you must upgrade GDB as well. In some limited situations you can pass a compatibility flag to GCC to ask for downgraded debug info, but this isn't always possible. And, since it is simple to upgrade GDB, you might as well. | It is not mandatory for GCC and gdb to be of same version. You can debug your executable with the version of gdb you have in your hand. Gdb a.out |
50,266 | Just listening to the radio, there was again the claim that two billion people eat (daily) regularly insects. After having lived in a few parts of this world, I do not believe that anymore.
Some sources for this claim: The Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education [has a page](https://scienceinpoland.pap.pl/en/news/news%2C28495%2Cexpert-more-2-billion-people-worldwide-eat-insects-every-day.html) titled:
>
> Expert: More than 2 billion people worldwide eat insects every day
>
>
>
Some scientific citations go back to: FAO's ["Edible insects"](http://www.fao.org/3/i3253e/i3253e00.pdf) publication (which doesn't explain how they end up with that number). In its Executive Summary it says:
>
> It is estimated that insects form part of the traditional diets of at least 2 billion people.
>
>
>
In chapter 3 it's added that
>
> insect consumption is commonplace in the tropics, while in temperate zones it is often absent
>
>
>
So is it true or not? Sometimes people claim countries like Thailand, etc, but from my understanding people not originating from Isan province do not do that. This is 20 Million people (and my suspicion is, that in the wild 2 billion claim they just include the whole country). Also, e.g. in China, while sometimes insects are eaten, this is a rare occurrence, and not a source of protein. (You wouldn't count the worm in the tequila bottle, would you?) | 2021/01/30 | [
"https://skeptics.stackexchange.com/questions/50266",
"https://skeptics.stackexchange.com",
"https://skeptics.stackexchange.com/users/45395/"
] | 2 billion is far too low an estimate.
If you've ever eaten anything that contains red die (e.g. maraschino cherries, red candy, soft drinks, apple cider), unless the container is marked Vegan or Kosher, there's a good chance you were eating deliberately added insects. This can include products that say "natural color".
For more information, see: [Red Dye: A Moment in Science - YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9YzM1Edb6mo&feature=emb_logo&ab_channel=NorthCarolinaMuseumofNaturalSciences)
### NOTE:
I originally submitted this answer, perhaps deliberately misinterpreting the intent of the question, in order to present a possibly interesting but not well known fact.
I certainly didn't and don't think it's worthy of the bounty it received by virtue of being the only answer.
If someone ever submits an answer that the OP accepts, let me know and I'll offer a bounty and regift it to that answer. | Lets consider some of the OP's claims.
======================================
>
> insect consumption is commonplace in the tropics, while in temperate
> zones it is often absent
>
>
>
This just seems to be factually incorrect. Regardless of what you consider a 'temperate climate' insect have been consumed by many civilizations throughout mankind's history and in many climates.
[Entomophagy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entomophagy#Eating_insects_in_human_cultures) or the eating of insect among humans is not entirely bound to certain geographies.
>
> Indonesian botok tawon, spiced bee larvae steamed in banana leaf
> package Many cultures embrace the eating of insects. Edible insects
> have long been used by ethnic groups in
> Asia,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31] Africa, Mexico and South America as
> cheap and sustainable sources of protein. Up to 2,086 species are
> eaten by 3,071 ethnic groups in 130 countries.[9] The species include
> 235 butterflies and moths, 344 beetles, 313 ants, bees and wasps, 239
> grasshoppers, crickets and cockroaches, 39 termites, and 20
> dragonflies, as well as cicadas.[32] Insects are known to be eaten in
> 80 percent of the world's nations.[8]
>
>
> The leafcutter ant Atta laevigata is traditionally eaten in some
> regions of Colombia and northeast Brazil. In southern Africa, the
> widespread moth Gonimbrasia belina's large caterpillar, the mopani or
> mopane worm, is a source of food protein. In Australia, the witchetty
> grub is eaten by the indigenous population. The grubs of Hypoderma
> tarandi, a reindeer parasite, were part of the traditional diet of the
> Nunamiut people.[33] Udonga montana is a pentatomid bug that has
> periodic population outbreaks and is eaten in northeastern India.[34]
>
>
> Traditionally several ethnic groups in Indonesia are known to consume
> insects—especially grasshoppers, crickets, termites, the larvae of the
> sago palm weevil, and bee. In Java and Kalimantan, grasshoppers and
> crickets are usually lightly battered and deep fried in palm oil as a
> crispy kripik or rempeyek snack.[35] In Banyuwangi, East Java, there
> is a specialty botok called botok tawon (honeybee botok), which is
> beehives that contains bee larvae, being seasoned in spices and
> shredded coconut, wrapped inside a banana leaf package and
> steamed.[36] Dayak tribes of Kalimantan, also Moluccans and Papuan
> tribes in Eastern Indonesia, are known to consume ulat sagu (lit.
> 'sagoo caterpillar') or larvae of sago palm weevil. These protein-rich
> larvae are considered as a delicacy in Papua, eaten both roasted or
> uncooked.[37]
>
>
> In Thailand, certain insects are also consumed, especially in northern
> provinces. Traditional markets in Thailand often have stalls selling
> deep-fried grasshoppers, cricket (ching rit), bee larvae, silkworm
> (non mai), ant eggs (khai mot) and termites.[38][39]
>
>
> The use of insects as an ingredient in traditional foodstuffs in
> places such as Hidalgo in Mexico has been on a large enough scale to
> cause their populations to decline.[40]
>
>
>
[On the eating of locusts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locust#As_food)
>
> Locusts are edible insects. Several cultures throughout the world
> consume insects, and locusts are considered a delicacy and eaten in
> many African, Middle Eastern, and Asian countries. They have been used
> as food throughout history.[58]
>
>
> They can be cooked in many ways, but are often fried, smoked, or
> dried.[59] The Bible records that John the Baptist ate locusts and
> wild honey (Greek: ἀκρίδες καὶ μέλι ἄγριον, romanized: akrides kai
> meli agrion) while living in the wilderness.[60] Attempts have been
> made to explain the locusts as some ascetic vegetarian food such as
> carob beans, but the plain meaning of akrides is the insects.[61][62]
>
>
> The Torah, although disallowing the use of most insects as food,
> permits the consumption of certain locusts; specifically, the red, the
> yellow, the spotted grey, and the white are considered
> permissible.[63][64] In Islamic jurisprudence, eating locusts is
> considered halal.[65][64] The Islamic prophet, Muhammad, was reported
> to have eaten locusts during a military raid with his companions.[66]
>
>
> Locusts are eaten in the Arabian Peninsula, including Saudi
> Arabia,[67] where consumption of locusts spiked around Ramadan
> especially in the Al-Qassim Region in 2014, since many Saudis believe
> they are healthy to eat. The Saudi Ministry of Health warned that
> pesticides they used against the locusts made them unsafe.[68][69]
> Yemenis also consume locusts, and expressed discontent over
> governmental plans to use pesticides to control them.[70] ʻAbd
> al-Salâm Shabînî described a locust recipe from Morocco.[71] 19th
> century European travellers observed Arabs in Arabia, Egypt, and
> Morocco selling, cooking, and eating locusts.[72] They reported that
> in Egypt and Palestine locusts were consumed.[73] They reported that
> in Palestine, around the River Jordan, in Egypt, in Arabia, and in
> Morocco that Arabs ate locusts, while Syrian peasants did not eat
> locusts.
>
>
> In the Haouran region, Fellahs who were in poverty and suffered from
> famine ate locusts after removing the guts and head, while locusts
> were swallowed whole by Bedouins.[74] Syrians, Copts, Greeks,
> Armenians, and other Christians and Arabs themselves reported that in
> Arabia locusts were eaten frequently and one Arab described to a
> European traveler the different types of locusts which were favored as
> food by Arabs.[75][76] Persians use the Anti-Arab racial slur "Arabe
> malakh-khor" (Persian: عرب ملخ خور, literally Arab locust eater)
> against Arabs.[77][78][79]
>
>
> Locusts yield about five times more edible protein per unit of fodder
> than cattle, and produce lower levels of greenhouse gases in the
> process.[80] The feed conversion rate of orthopterans is 1.7
> kg/kg,[81] while for beef it is typically about 10 kg/kg.[82] The
> protein content in fresh weight is between 13–28 g / 100 g for adult
> locust, 14–18 g / 100 g for larvae, as compared to 19–26 g / 100 g for
> beef.[83][84] The calculated protein efficiency ratio is low, with
> 1.69 for locust protein compared to 2.5 for standard casein.[85] A serving of 100 g of desert locust provides 11.5 g of fat, 53.5% of
> which is unsaturated, and 286 mg of cholesterol.[85] Among the fatty
> acids, palmitoleic, oleic, and linolenic acids were found to be the
> most abundant. Varying amounts of potassium, sodium, phosphorus,
> calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc were present.[85]
>
>
>
>
> Expert: More than 2 billion people worldwide eat insects every day
>
>
>
At the very least you could say that countries with at least 2 billion people in them consume insects. How often or how many they eat would be hard to estimate with any real amount of certainty.
>
> (You wouldn't count the worm in the tequila bottle, would you?)
>
>
>
Actually According to Anthony Dias Blue's Complete Book of Spirits, that "worm" is actually a larva from one of two types of moths, known as maguey worms, that live on the agave plant. These larvae are called gusano and bottles of mezcal that contain the creepy critters are referred to as con gusano.
A larvae of an insect is not a worm. The worm in tequila is not a worm at all and very much an infant insect.
[SOURCE](https://australian.museum/learn/species-identification/ask-an-expert/are-worms-insects-or-animals/#:%7E:text=No%2C%20worms%20are%20not%20insects.&text=Both%20worms%20and%20insects%20are,worms%20and%20insects%20are%20invertebrates.)
[SOURCE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maguey_worm) |
50,266 | Just listening to the radio, there was again the claim that two billion people eat (daily) regularly insects. After having lived in a few parts of this world, I do not believe that anymore.
Some sources for this claim: The Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education [has a page](https://scienceinpoland.pap.pl/en/news/news%2C28495%2Cexpert-more-2-billion-people-worldwide-eat-insects-every-day.html) titled:
>
> Expert: More than 2 billion people worldwide eat insects every day
>
>
>
Some scientific citations go back to: FAO's ["Edible insects"](http://www.fao.org/3/i3253e/i3253e00.pdf) publication (which doesn't explain how they end up with that number). In its Executive Summary it says:
>
> It is estimated that insects form part of the traditional diets of at least 2 billion people.
>
>
>
In chapter 3 it's added that
>
> insect consumption is commonplace in the tropics, while in temperate zones it is often absent
>
>
>
So is it true or not? Sometimes people claim countries like Thailand, etc, but from my understanding people not originating from Isan province do not do that. This is 20 Million people (and my suspicion is, that in the wild 2 billion claim they just include the whole country). Also, e.g. in China, while sometimes insects are eaten, this is a rare occurrence, and not a source of protein. (You wouldn't count the worm in the tequila bottle, would you?) | 2021/01/30 | [
"https://skeptics.stackexchange.com/questions/50266",
"https://skeptics.stackexchange.com",
"https://skeptics.stackexchange.com/users/45395/"
] | 2 billion is far too low an estimate.
If you've ever eaten anything that contains red die (e.g. maraschino cherries, red candy, soft drinks, apple cider), unless the container is marked Vegan or Kosher, there's a good chance you were eating deliberately added insects. This can include products that say "natural color".
For more information, see: [Red Dye: A Moment in Science - YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9YzM1Edb6mo&feature=emb_logo&ab_channel=NorthCarolinaMuseumofNaturalSciences)
### NOTE:
I originally submitted this answer, perhaps deliberately misinterpreting the intent of the question, in order to present a possibly interesting but not well known fact.
I certainly didn't and don't think it's worthy of the bounty it received by virtue of being the only answer.
If someone ever submits an answer that the OP accepts, let me know and I'll offer a bounty and regift it to that answer. | According to [The psychology of eating insects: A cross-cultural comparison between Germany and China](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2015.04.013) *Food Quality and Preference* Volume 44, September 2015, Pages 148-156:
Based upon a survey conducted by this research,
67.7% of Chinese and 13.3% of Germans have consumed insects.
However, only 12.9% of Chinese and 0% of Germans consume insects "regularly".
Regarding Laos, according to [Insect Consumption to Address Undernutrition, a National Survey on the Prevalence of Insect Consumption among Adults and Vendors in Laos](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0136458)
>
> A total of 1025 (96.8%) lay people were currently insect consumers, 135 (13.0%) daily or weekly consumers, and 322 (31.1%) consumed several times per month. For the majority (575, 55.6%) the consumption was infrequent (less than a few times per year) and only 22 (2%) had never eaten insects.
>
>
> |
50,266 | Just listening to the radio, there was again the claim that two billion people eat (daily) regularly insects. After having lived in a few parts of this world, I do not believe that anymore.
Some sources for this claim: The Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education [has a page](https://scienceinpoland.pap.pl/en/news/news%2C28495%2Cexpert-more-2-billion-people-worldwide-eat-insects-every-day.html) titled:
>
> Expert: More than 2 billion people worldwide eat insects every day
>
>
>
Some scientific citations go back to: FAO's ["Edible insects"](http://www.fao.org/3/i3253e/i3253e00.pdf) publication (which doesn't explain how they end up with that number). In its Executive Summary it says:
>
> It is estimated that insects form part of the traditional diets of at least 2 billion people.
>
>
>
In chapter 3 it's added that
>
> insect consumption is commonplace in the tropics, while in temperate zones it is often absent
>
>
>
So is it true or not? Sometimes people claim countries like Thailand, etc, but from my understanding people not originating from Isan province do not do that. This is 20 Million people (and my suspicion is, that in the wild 2 billion claim they just include the whole country). Also, e.g. in China, while sometimes insects are eaten, this is a rare occurrence, and not a source of protein. (You wouldn't count the worm in the tequila bottle, would you?) | 2021/01/30 | [
"https://skeptics.stackexchange.com/questions/50266",
"https://skeptics.stackexchange.com",
"https://skeptics.stackexchange.com/users/45395/"
] | According to [The psychology of eating insects: A cross-cultural comparison between Germany and China](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2015.04.013) *Food Quality and Preference* Volume 44, September 2015, Pages 148-156:
Based upon a survey conducted by this research,
67.7% of Chinese and 13.3% of Germans have consumed insects.
However, only 12.9% of Chinese and 0% of Germans consume insects "regularly".
Regarding Laos, according to [Insect Consumption to Address Undernutrition, a National Survey on the Prevalence of Insect Consumption among Adults and Vendors in Laos](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0136458)
>
> A total of 1025 (96.8%) lay people were currently insect consumers, 135 (13.0%) daily or weekly consumers, and 322 (31.1%) consumed several times per month. For the majority (575, 55.6%) the consumption was infrequent (less than a few times per year) and only 22 (2%) had never eaten insects.
>
>
> | Lets consider some of the OP's claims.
======================================
>
> insect consumption is commonplace in the tropics, while in temperate
> zones it is often absent
>
>
>
This just seems to be factually incorrect. Regardless of what you consider a 'temperate climate' insect have been consumed by many civilizations throughout mankind's history and in many climates.
[Entomophagy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entomophagy#Eating_insects_in_human_cultures) or the eating of insect among humans is not entirely bound to certain geographies.
>
> Indonesian botok tawon, spiced bee larvae steamed in banana leaf
> package Many cultures embrace the eating of insects. Edible insects
> have long been used by ethnic groups in
> Asia,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31] Africa, Mexico and South America as
> cheap and sustainable sources of protein. Up to 2,086 species are
> eaten by 3,071 ethnic groups in 130 countries.[9] The species include
> 235 butterflies and moths, 344 beetles, 313 ants, bees and wasps, 239
> grasshoppers, crickets and cockroaches, 39 termites, and 20
> dragonflies, as well as cicadas.[32] Insects are known to be eaten in
> 80 percent of the world's nations.[8]
>
>
> The leafcutter ant Atta laevigata is traditionally eaten in some
> regions of Colombia and northeast Brazil. In southern Africa, the
> widespread moth Gonimbrasia belina's large caterpillar, the mopani or
> mopane worm, is a source of food protein. In Australia, the witchetty
> grub is eaten by the indigenous population. The grubs of Hypoderma
> tarandi, a reindeer parasite, were part of the traditional diet of the
> Nunamiut people.[33] Udonga montana is a pentatomid bug that has
> periodic population outbreaks and is eaten in northeastern India.[34]
>
>
> Traditionally several ethnic groups in Indonesia are known to consume
> insects—especially grasshoppers, crickets, termites, the larvae of the
> sago palm weevil, and bee. In Java and Kalimantan, grasshoppers and
> crickets are usually lightly battered and deep fried in palm oil as a
> crispy kripik or rempeyek snack.[35] In Banyuwangi, East Java, there
> is a specialty botok called botok tawon (honeybee botok), which is
> beehives that contains bee larvae, being seasoned in spices and
> shredded coconut, wrapped inside a banana leaf package and
> steamed.[36] Dayak tribes of Kalimantan, also Moluccans and Papuan
> tribes in Eastern Indonesia, are known to consume ulat sagu (lit.
> 'sagoo caterpillar') or larvae of sago palm weevil. These protein-rich
> larvae are considered as a delicacy in Papua, eaten both roasted or
> uncooked.[37]
>
>
> In Thailand, certain insects are also consumed, especially in northern
> provinces. Traditional markets in Thailand often have stalls selling
> deep-fried grasshoppers, cricket (ching rit), bee larvae, silkworm
> (non mai), ant eggs (khai mot) and termites.[38][39]
>
>
> The use of insects as an ingredient in traditional foodstuffs in
> places such as Hidalgo in Mexico has been on a large enough scale to
> cause their populations to decline.[40]
>
>
>
[On the eating of locusts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locust#As_food)
>
> Locusts are edible insects. Several cultures throughout the world
> consume insects, and locusts are considered a delicacy and eaten in
> many African, Middle Eastern, and Asian countries. They have been used
> as food throughout history.[58]
>
>
> They can be cooked in many ways, but are often fried, smoked, or
> dried.[59] The Bible records that John the Baptist ate locusts and
> wild honey (Greek: ἀκρίδες καὶ μέλι ἄγριον, romanized: akrides kai
> meli agrion) while living in the wilderness.[60] Attempts have been
> made to explain the locusts as some ascetic vegetarian food such as
> carob beans, but the plain meaning of akrides is the insects.[61][62]
>
>
> The Torah, although disallowing the use of most insects as food,
> permits the consumption of certain locusts; specifically, the red, the
> yellow, the spotted grey, and the white are considered
> permissible.[63][64] In Islamic jurisprudence, eating locusts is
> considered halal.[65][64] The Islamic prophet, Muhammad, was reported
> to have eaten locusts during a military raid with his companions.[66]
>
>
> Locusts are eaten in the Arabian Peninsula, including Saudi
> Arabia,[67] where consumption of locusts spiked around Ramadan
> especially in the Al-Qassim Region in 2014, since many Saudis believe
> they are healthy to eat. The Saudi Ministry of Health warned that
> pesticides they used against the locusts made them unsafe.[68][69]
> Yemenis also consume locusts, and expressed discontent over
> governmental plans to use pesticides to control them.[70] ʻAbd
> al-Salâm Shabînî described a locust recipe from Morocco.[71] 19th
> century European travellers observed Arabs in Arabia, Egypt, and
> Morocco selling, cooking, and eating locusts.[72] They reported that
> in Egypt and Palestine locusts were consumed.[73] They reported that
> in Palestine, around the River Jordan, in Egypt, in Arabia, and in
> Morocco that Arabs ate locusts, while Syrian peasants did not eat
> locusts.
>
>
> In the Haouran region, Fellahs who were in poverty and suffered from
> famine ate locusts after removing the guts and head, while locusts
> were swallowed whole by Bedouins.[74] Syrians, Copts, Greeks,
> Armenians, and other Christians and Arabs themselves reported that in
> Arabia locusts were eaten frequently and one Arab described to a
> European traveler the different types of locusts which were favored as
> food by Arabs.[75][76] Persians use the Anti-Arab racial slur "Arabe
> malakh-khor" (Persian: عرب ملخ خور, literally Arab locust eater)
> against Arabs.[77][78][79]
>
>
> Locusts yield about five times more edible protein per unit of fodder
> than cattle, and produce lower levels of greenhouse gases in the
> process.[80] The feed conversion rate of orthopterans is 1.7
> kg/kg,[81] while for beef it is typically about 10 kg/kg.[82] The
> protein content in fresh weight is between 13–28 g / 100 g for adult
> locust, 14–18 g / 100 g for larvae, as compared to 19–26 g / 100 g for
> beef.[83][84] The calculated protein efficiency ratio is low, with
> 1.69 for locust protein compared to 2.5 for standard casein.[85] A serving of 100 g of desert locust provides 11.5 g of fat, 53.5% of
> which is unsaturated, and 286 mg of cholesterol.[85] Among the fatty
> acids, palmitoleic, oleic, and linolenic acids were found to be the
> most abundant. Varying amounts of potassium, sodium, phosphorus,
> calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc were present.[85]
>
>
>
>
> Expert: More than 2 billion people worldwide eat insects every day
>
>
>
At the very least you could say that countries with at least 2 billion people in them consume insects. How often or how many they eat would be hard to estimate with any real amount of certainty.
>
> (You wouldn't count the worm in the tequila bottle, would you?)
>
>
>
Actually According to Anthony Dias Blue's Complete Book of Spirits, that "worm" is actually a larva from one of two types of moths, known as maguey worms, that live on the agave plant. These larvae are called gusano and bottles of mezcal that contain the creepy critters are referred to as con gusano.
A larvae of an insect is not a worm. The worm in tequila is not a worm at all and very much an infant insect.
[SOURCE](https://australian.museum/learn/species-identification/ask-an-expert/are-worms-insects-or-animals/#:%7E:text=No%2C%20worms%20are%20not%20insects.&text=Both%20worms%20and%20insects%20are,worms%20and%20insects%20are%20invertebrates.)
[SOURCE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maguey_worm) |
103,373 | I don't know which page in the book "Practical English Usage" I can learn about the usage of "have problems V-ing".
I try to look this usage up in "Practical English Usage" (Michael Swan).
Because I do not understand a sentence like the following one.
>
> "Students find it so easy to blame others or complain about their difficult situation when they have problems preparing for the IELTS test."
>
>
>
The structure of the form "*have problems V-ing*" is not clear to me.
I hope somebody bring answers to these questions.
Is it correct to say
>
> "...*have problems* **of** *preparing* for the IELTS test."
>
>
>
or
>
> "...*have problems* **to** *prepare* for the IELTS test."?
>
>
>
or
>
> "...*have problems* **to** *preparing* for the IELTS test."?
>
>
>
What is the difference between those three sentences in meaning?
How do I look this usage up in "Practical English Usage" (Michael Swan)? | 2016/09/12 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/103373",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/29523/"
] | Linguists would say that "The noun *problems* may take a subjectless gerund-participle clause" as a complement; but that's not a *Why*, it's just a name for the fact that that is how we say it.
To say that *Students have problems preparing ...* means that students find some aspect of preparing difficult.
You may also speak of problems ***with*** preparing, but that usually means having some (unspecified) objection to *preparing* itself. And you may speak of problems ***in*** preparing, but that usually means problems of some (unspecified) sort encountered while you are preparing.
You may encounter *problems **of** preparing*, but the preposition *of* introduces a specification of the problems, such as "the two problems of finding the error and repairing it".
Neither of your suggested alternatives with *to* is idiomatic. | And we can substitute a number of analogues for **problems**:
Do you have difficulty walking?
Do you have pain standing up?
Do you have trouble sleeping?
Do you have shortness-of-breath climbing stairs?
Do you have qualms doing that?
P.S. And they don't have to be problems:
Did you have a good time visiting them?
Do you like eating there?
Do you miss going there? |
12,912,896 | I am debugging my code but the Debug tools are not clickable (i.e Step in , Step out , resume etc).I might have changed the settings accidently , but I dont know where to reset it .
I am new to use Eclipse and android , Please help me
 | 2012/10/16 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/12912896",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1693503/"
] | In the "Debug" perspective, there is a "Debug" view which shows the threads of the application being debugged:
There's a little menu in the top right corner, with an option "Show Debug Toolbar". Select that, et voilá:
 | Window -> open perspective -> Debug. There you go.
Also it will normally open by itself when you run the project in debug mode. You do that by clicking F11 or clicking on the bug/insect icon to the left of the run (play) button in the navigation bar you provided screenshot off. |
12,912,896 | I am debugging my code but the Debug tools are not clickable (i.e Step in , Step out , resume etc).I might have changed the settings accidently , but I dont know where to reset it .
I am new to use Eclipse and android , Please help me
 | 2012/10/16 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/12912896",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1693503/"
] | Sometimes it helps to clean the eclipse workspace - just start eclipse with -clean and the debug buttons work again. | Window -> open perspective -> Debug. There you go.
Also it will normally open by itself when you run the project in debug mode. You do that by clicking F11 or clicking on the bug/insect icon to the left of the run (play) button in the navigation bar you provided screenshot off. |
12,912,896 | I am debugging my code but the Debug tools are not clickable (i.e Step in , Step out , resume etc).I might have changed the settings accidently , but I dont know where to reset it .
I am new to use Eclipse and android , Please help me
 | 2012/10/16 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/12912896",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1693503/"
] | In the "Debug" perspective, there is a "Debug" view which shows the threads of the application being debugged:
There's a little menu in the top right corner, with an option "Show Debug Toolbar". Select that, et voilá:
 | Sometimes it helps to clean the eclipse workspace - just start eclipse with -clean and the debug buttons work again. |
12,912,896 | I am debugging my code but the Debug tools are not clickable (i.e Step in , Step out , resume etc).I might have changed the settings accidently , but I dont know where to reset it .
I am new to use Eclipse and android , Please help me
 | 2012/10/16 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/12912896",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1693503/"
] | In the "Debug" perspective, there is a "Debug" view which shows the threads of the application being debugged:
There's a little menu in the top right corner, with an option "Show Debug Toolbar". Select that, et voilá:
 | If any of the watch expressions takes too long to evaluate, those mentioned buttons will appear to be grayed out during the evaluation. In such case removing all watch expressions will help. |
12,912,896 | I am debugging my code but the Debug tools are not clickable (i.e Step in , Step out , resume etc).I might have changed the settings accidently , but I dont know where to reset it .
I am new to use Eclipse and android , Please help me
 | 2012/10/16 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/12912896",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1693503/"
] | In the "Debug" perspective, there is a "Debug" view which shows the threads of the application being debugged:
There's a little menu in the top right corner, with an option "Show Debug Toolbar". Select that, et voilá:
 | You may see that your breakpoints symbols are double lines instead of dots.
Click:
>
> Run > Skip All Breakpoints
>
>
>
After this you will see that the breakpoints icons are back to normal and your problem is resolved. |
12,912,896 | I am debugging my code but the Debug tools are not clickable (i.e Step in , Step out , resume etc).I might have changed the settings accidently , but I dont know where to reset it .
I am new to use Eclipse and android , Please help me
 | 2012/10/16 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/12912896",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1693503/"
] | Sometimes it helps to clean the eclipse workspace - just start eclipse with -clean and the debug buttons work again. | If any of the watch expressions takes too long to evaluate, those mentioned buttons will appear to be grayed out during the evaluation. In such case removing all watch expressions will help. |
12,912,896 | I am debugging my code but the Debug tools are not clickable (i.e Step in , Step out , resume etc).I might have changed the settings accidently , but I dont know where to reset it .
I am new to use Eclipse and android , Please help me
 | 2012/10/16 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/12912896",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1693503/"
] | Sometimes it helps to clean the eclipse workspace - just start eclipse with -clean and the debug buttons work again. | You may see that your breakpoints symbols are double lines instead of dots.
Click:
>
> Run > Skip All Breakpoints
>
>
>
After this you will see that the breakpoints icons are back to normal and your problem is resolved. |
42,601 | We've never had an explicit policy around downvoting -- users are free to, if they like, cast *all* their votes as downvotes. Whether this behavior is *desirable* or not is another matter.
Now, we do discourage downvoting by making downvotes cost -1 rep to the casting voter. But, there's nothing in our policy that says continual downvoting is bad or wrong or inappropriate.
However, my thoughts on this are changing. **I no longer think it is community friendly behavior to cast an extreme number of downvotes**, and I am considering an explicit policy forbidding it.
Some data points (as of today):
Total SO upvotes cast:
45,555,530
Total downvotes cast:
365,192
users with more than 100 downvotes cast:
596
users with > 100 downvotes and the lowest ratio of upvotes to downvotes:
| downvotes | upvotes | up:down ratio |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 201 | 37 | 0.18 |
| 580 | 149 | 0.25 |
| 137 | 43 | 0.31 |
| 438 | 140 | 0.31 |
| 236 | 94 | 0.39 |
| 3299 | 1337 | 0.40 |
| 126 | 66 | 0.52 |
| 348 | 198 | 0.56 |
| 181 | 109 | 0.60 |
| 310 | 197 | 0.63 |
| 198 | 132 | 0.66 |
| 170 | 116 | 0.68 |
| 219 | 152 | 0.69 |
| 167 | 118 | 0.70 |
| 120 | 86 | 0.71 |
| 273 | 201 | 0.73 |
| 135 | 101 | 0.74 |
| 573 | 430 | 0.75 |
(this is a complete list, there are no more below this threshold.)
Based on this data I am leaning towards enforcing a "no more downvotes may be cast" if
1. You have at least (n) votes cast total
2. Your upvote to downvote ratio is lower than ~ 0.5 | 2010/03/17 | [
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/42601",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/1/"
] | What I don't like is that I always saw voting as an independent thing, only relevant to the context of the post in question.
With this, you are tying voting with a user behaviour (ie: you already downvoted too much, go upvote a little more).
Wouldn't this force the user to upvote stuff he wouldn't have upvoted hadn't this restriction existed?
Is downvoting really such a big problem? | What I suggest doing is provide a **warning** to these particularly heavy handed users.
Only then, if the situation get's worse should someone intervene. |
42,601 | We've never had an explicit policy around downvoting -- users are free to, if they like, cast *all* their votes as downvotes. Whether this behavior is *desirable* or not is another matter.
Now, we do discourage downvoting by making downvotes cost -1 rep to the casting voter. But, there's nothing in our policy that says continual downvoting is bad or wrong or inappropriate.
However, my thoughts on this are changing. **I no longer think it is community friendly behavior to cast an extreme number of downvotes**, and I am considering an explicit policy forbidding it.
Some data points (as of today):
Total SO upvotes cast:
45,555,530
Total downvotes cast:
365,192
users with more than 100 downvotes cast:
596
users with > 100 downvotes and the lowest ratio of upvotes to downvotes:
| downvotes | upvotes | up:down ratio |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 201 | 37 | 0.18 |
| 580 | 149 | 0.25 |
| 137 | 43 | 0.31 |
| 438 | 140 | 0.31 |
| 236 | 94 | 0.39 |
| 3299 | 1337 | 0.40 |
| 126 | 66 | 0.52 |
| 348 | 198 | 0.56 |
| 181 | 109 | 0.60 |
| 310 | 197 | 0.63 |
| 198 | 132 | 0.66 |
| 170 | 116 | 0.68 |
| 219 | 152 | 0.69 |
| 167 | 118 | 0.70 |
| 120 | 86 | 0.71 |
| 273 | 201 | 0.73 |
| 135 | 101 | 0.74 |
| 573 | 430 | 0.75 |
(this is a complete list, there are no more below this threshold.)
Based on this data I am leaning towards enforcing a "no more downvotes may be cast" if
1. You have at least (n) votes cast total
2. Your upvote to downvote ratio is lower than ~ 0.5 | 2010/03/17 | [
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/42601",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/1/"
] | Jeff said:
>
> "Legislation to fight the behaviour of six people is stupid" This is the nature of most laws: the actions of an extreme few require new laws to be instated. This social pattern has repeated itself over and over, even in the relatively brief history of Stack Overflow.
>
>
>
Yes, that's a common social pattern. But is it right? Well let's take a pause and go read [this article over here](http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/columnists/jeremy_clarkson/article7052392.ece)...
>
> The behaviour of one man has skewed the concept of everyday life for everyone else.
>
>
> It’s [the] oddball 5% that is targeted by the tidal wave of legislation... It just changes the pattern of everyday life for everyone else. This is what drives me mad...
>
>
> Happily, however, I have a solution to the problem, a way that normal human behaviour can be preserved. **It’s simple. We must start to accept that 5% of the population at any given time is bonkers. There are no steps to be taken to stamp this out and no lessons to be learnt.**
>
>
>
I can't agree strongly enough with [Adam's post](https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/42601/should-we-have-a-policy-about-too-much-downvoting/42611#42611):
>
> And is this really bothering you that much that you're going to pipeline this past all of the other status-planned changes we've been waiting on...
>
>
>
Please just implement the [weight change of votes](https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/7322/should-the-weight-of-downvotes-be-increased) and we'll see behaviour changed, in a more even-handed manner. Heck, implement it first on meta as a beta test. But this is a more balanced approach than implementing a cap. If you have to put in a cap, that's a sign that something else is wrong.
Lastly, the tone of discourse on this thread has been really disappointing from one person in particular. I expected a bit more maturity, especially given the position he's in. I will continue to flag posts as offensive as I see them. Perhaps I should have been mailing complaints instead if I wished them to result in immediate action? I guess the squeaky wheel really does get the grease. | I'm ambivalent. I generally don't like to see absolute constraints, but we do need to maintain a welcoming enough community that new users do not get driven out.
What do we have by way of evidence (or even anecdote) that these sourpuss users are causing trouble?
---
That said, if you are going to go ahead with it, the limits you suggest are conservative, and will affect very few users.
I will suggest:
* Set the controlling ratio at 1:2 up:down
* Set `n` at 150 (half of the Civic Duty threshold) or more
* Allow a waiting period between announcement and application |
42,601 | We've never had an explicit policy around downvoting -- users are free to, if they like, cast *all* their votes as downvotes. Whether this behavior is *desirable* or not is another matter.
Now, we do discourage downvoting by making downvotes cost -1 rep to the casting voter. But, there's nothing in our policy that says continual downvoting is bad or wrong or inappropriate.
However, my thoughts on this are changing. **I no longer think it is community friendly behavior to cast an extreme number of downvotes**, and I am considering an explicit policy forbidding it.
Some data points (as of today):
Total SO upvotes cast:
45,555,530
Total downvotes cast:
365,192
users with more than 100 downvotes cast:
596
users with > 100 downvotes and the lowest ratio of upvotes to downvotes:
| downvotes | upvotes | up:down ratio |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 201 | 37 | 0.18 |
| 580 | 149 | 0.25 |
| 137 | 43 | 0.31 |
| 438 | 140 | 0.31 |
| 236 | 94 | 0.39 |
| 3299 | 1337 | 0.40 |
| 126 | 66 | 0.52 |
| 348 | 198 | 0.56 |
| 181 | 109 | 0.60 |
| 310 | 197 | 0.63 |
| 198 | 132 | 0.66 |
| 170 | 116 | 0.68 |
| 219 | 152 | 0.69 |
| 167 | 118 | 0.70 |
| 120 | 86 | 0.71 |
| 273 | 201 | 0.73 |
| 135 | 101 | 0.74 |
| 573 | 430 | 0.75 |
(this is a complete list, there are no more below this threshold.)
Based on this data I am leaning towards enforcing a "no more downvotes may be cast" if
1. You have at least (n) votes cast total
2. Your upvote to downvote ratio is lower than ~ 0.5 | 2010/03/17 | [
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/42601",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/1/"
] | >
> I no longer think it is community friendly behavior to cast an extreme number of downvotes
>
>
>
Jeff - while it is obviously your call, you being the Boss and all, this pronouncement seems to be running somewhat counter to your usual motto of "let's stop guessing and support with data".
As such, i'd like to respectfully request that you provide the data and the reasoning behind that specific statement (as opposed to the data you provided that merely shows that there are a couple of large-scale downvoters, without substantiating why those people's behavior is, indeed, bad).
Just to be clear - I'm not necessarily disagreeng with that exact statement, provided you pick some reasonable definition of "extreme".
**But I'm extremely worried that it will lead to an un-intended consequence of having people use this statement to support the sentiments of "ALL downvoting is not a community friendly behavior" and the corollary "Let's upvote crap even more than we do now"** | This is probably good to put in place if you're still planning on raising the hit taken from a downvote. |
42,601 | We've never had an explicit policy around downvoting -- users are free to, if they like, cast *all* their votes as downvotes. Whether this behavior is *desirable* or not is another matter.
Now, we do discourage downvoting by making downvotes cost -1 rep to the casting voter. But, there's nothing in our policy that says continual downvoting is bad or wrong or inappropriate.
However, my thoughts on this are changing. **I no longer think it is community friendly behavior to cast an extreme number of downvotes**, and I am considering an explicit policy forbidding it.
Some data points (as of today):
Total SO upvotes cast:
45,555,530
Total downvotes cast:
365,192
users with more than 100 downvotes cast:
596
users with > 100 downvotes and the lowest ratio of upvotes to downvotes:
| downvotes | upvotes | up:down ratio |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 201 | 37 | 0.18 |
| 580 | 149 | 0.25 |
| 137 | 43 | 0.31 |
| 438 | 140 | 0.31 |
| 236 | 94 | 0.39 |
| 3299 | 1337 | 0.40 |
| 126 | 66 | 0.52 |
| 348 | 198 | 0.56 |
| 181 | 109 | 0.60 |
| 310 | 197 | 0.63 |
| 198 | 132 | 0.66 |
| 170 | 116 | 0.68 |
| 219 | 152 | 0.69 |
| 167 | 118 | 0.70 |
| 120 | 86 | 0.71 |
| 273 | 201 | 0.73 |
| 135 | 101 | 0.74 |
| 573 | 430 | 0.75 |
(this is a complete list, there are no more below this threshold.)
Based on this data I am leaning towards enforcing a "no more downvotes may be cast" if
1. You have at least (n) votes cast total
2. Your upvote to downvote ratio is lower than ~ 0.5 | 2010/03/17 | [
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/42601",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/1/"
] | I'm not a big fan of upvoting everything in sight, either, yet I don't see that being considered a problem. It seems absurd to stop people from casting their votes as they see fit, as long as they're not gaming the system, doing it out of malice or with bad intentions.
There's already a **rep hit** for downvoting. This rep hit should be increased to -2/-5 as proposed just to make it harder, but the total number of downvotes you're allowed to have should not change. **Some questions and answers are bad**, there's no denying it, no matter how much editing you do. Why not be allowed to downvote it? It's a democratic process. They'll receive **pity upvotes** anyway (which is probably one of the worst thing to do anyway; don't encourage people to be lazy, to not put any effort and to misinform).
The only reason you've given is to keep the Trilogy community friendly. Ok, I agree, downvoting a lot seems unfriendly, but there needs to be some sort of backlash for undesired behavior. If my question gets closed within minutes or gets edited too much, I might feel equally upset, especially as a new user. Almost anything can be perceived as negative, even good things as closing as duplicate.
Maybe **we're too scared to lose our precious rep**. That could be a reason why there are so few people with a lot of downvotes, not because everyone is trying to be friendly.
---
**Edit:** reading Jeff's comments from this post I see that his intention is to reduce the complaints about downvotes. And I have the perfect solution! **No more downvotes!** There's too many of them; **0.8%** of all votes cast, simply enormous!1!!
Of course people complain about downvotes, they're a form of punishment and of disagreement. **No one likes to be proved wrong** or to be punished for being sloppy/ignorant/just plain wrong! The -1 we receive when we downvote is also a sort of punishment and a deterrent, yet we don't complain about it.
We've been rather vocal about the 30s limit on comments, limit on name changes, lack of explanations regarding haikus, rep losses due to rep recalcs and a lot of other stuff, yet I don't see any of that changing. You want to make people feel better, yet you're once again **annoying a very active part of the community**. Why?
Have you looked into each email and examined it carefully? Have those people really been wronged? Were they only downvoted by the people you pointed out in your question or were they downvoted by multiple members of the community? You just want to find scapegoats for the angry members of the community that have been downvoted yet maybe those downvotes were warranted. | This is probably good to put in place if you're still planning on raising the hit taken from a downvote. |
42,601 | We've never had an explicit policy around downvoting -- users are free to, if they like, cast *all* their votes as downvotes. Whether this behavior is *desirable* or not is another matter.
Now, we do discourage downvoting by making downvotes cost -1 rep to the casting voter. But, there's nothing in our policy that says continual downvoting is bad or wrong or inappropriate.
However, my thoughts on this are changing. **I no longer think it is community friendly behavior to cast an extreme number of downvotes**, and I am considering an explicit policy forbidding it.
Some data points (as of today):
Total SO upvotes cast:
45,555,530
Total downvotes cast:
365,192
users with more than 100 downvotes cast:
596
users with > 100 downvotes and the lowest ratio of upvotes to downvotes:
| downvotes | upvotes | up:down ratio |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 201 | 37 | 0.18 |
| 580 | 149 | 0.25 |
| 137 | 43 | 0.31 |
| 438 | 140 | 0.31 |
| 236 | 94 | 0.39 |
| 3299 | 1337 | 0.40 |
| 126 | 66 | 0.52 |
| 348 | 198 | 0.56 |
| 181 | 109 | 0.60 |
| 310 | 197 | 0.63 |
| 198 | 132 | 0.66 |
| 170 | 116 | 0.68 |
| 219 | 152 | 0.69 |
| 167 | 118 | 0.70 |
| 120 | 86 | 0.71 |
| 273 | 201 | 0.73 |
| 135 | 101 | 0.74 |
| 573 | 430 | 0.75 |
(this is a complete list, there are no more below this threshold.)
Based on this data I am leaning towards enforcing a "no more downvotes may be cast" if
1. You have at least (n) votes cast total
2. Your upvote to downvote ratio is lower than ~ 0.5 | 2010/03/17 | [
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/42601",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/1/"
] | When I first saw this question title, I thought it was from a new user. Imagine my surprise when I saw it was Jeff Atwood who posted the question.
Two things:
1. Liberty lost for one is liberty lost for all. There's no getting around that.
2. Downvoting incurs a cost, yet it provides as much of a benefit as upvoting. It lets the passerby know what's 'good' and what's 'bad'.
We already know that there are reports of sympathy upvotes (many, many reports). We know that users that serially vote for another user have their reputation recalculated.
So why are we punishing people for their non-targeted aggregate behavior?
If you're going to target people who only downvote, please also show us the data for people who mostly or only upvote. I think they are the problem because it's not possible for them not to have seen a 'bad' post in all their time here. | >
> I no longer think it is community friendly behavior to cast an extreme number of downvotes
>
>
>
Jeff - while it is obviously your call, you being the Boss and all, this pronouncement seems to be running somewhat counter to your usual motto of "let's stop guessing and support with data".
As such, i'd like to respectfully request that you provide the data and the reasoning behind that specific statement (as opposed to the data you provided that merely shows that there are a couple of large-scale downvoters, without substantiating why those people's behavior is, indeed, bad).
Just to be clear - I'm not necessarily disagreeng with that exact statement, provided you pick some reasonable definition of "extreme".
**But I'm extremely worried that it will lead to an un-intended consequence of having people use this statement to support the sentiments of "ALL downvoting is not a community friendly behavior" and the corollary "Let's upvote crap even more than we do now"** |
42,601 | We've never had an explicit policy around downvoting -- users are free to, if they like, cast *all* their votes as downvotes. Whether this behavior is *desirable* or not is another matter.
Now, we do discourage downvoting by making downvotes cost -1 rep to the casting voter. But, there's nothing in our policy that says continual downvoting is bad or wrong or inappropriate.
However, my thoughts on this are changing. **I no longer think it is community friendly behavior to cast an extreme number of downvotes**, and I am considering an explicit policy forbidding it.
Some data points (as of today):
Total SO upvotes cast:
45,555,530
Total downvotes cast:
365,192
users with more than 100 downvotes cast:
596
users with > 100 downvotes and the lowest ratio of upvotes to downvotes:
| downvotes | upvotes | up:down ratio |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 201 | 37 | 0.18 |
| 580 | 149 | 0.25 |
| 137 | 43 | 0.31 |
| 438 | 140 | 0.31 |
| 236 | 94 | 0.39 |
| 3299 | 1337 | 0.40 |
| 126 | 66 | 0.52 |
| 348 | 198 | 0.56 |
| 181 | 109 | 0.60 |
| 310 | 197 | 0.63 |
| 198 | 132 | 0.66 |
| 170 | 116 | 0.68 |
| 219 | 152 | 0.69 |
| 167 | 118 | 0.70 |
| 120 | 86 | 0.71 |
| 273 | 201 | 0.73 |
| 135 | 101 | 0.74 |
| 573 | 430 | 0.75 |
(this is a complete list, there are no more below this threshold.)
Based on this data I am leaning towards enforcing a "no more downvotes may be cast" if
1. You have at least (n) votes cast total
2. Your upvote to downvote ratio is lower than ~ 0.5 | 2010/03/17 | [
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/42601",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/1/"
] | When I first saw this question title, I thought it was from a new user. Imagine my surprise when I saw it was Jeff Atwood who posted the question.
Two things:
1. Liberty lost for one is liberty lost for all. There's no getting around that.
2. Downvoting incurs a cost, yet it provides as much of a benefit as upvoting. It lets the passerby know what's 'good' and what's 'bad'.
We already know that there are reports of sympathy upvotes (many, many reports). We know that users that serially vote for another user have their reputation recalculated.
So why are we punishing people for their non-targeted aggregate behavior?
If you're going to target people who only downvote, please also show us the data for people who mostly or only upvote. I think they are the problem because it's not possible for them not to have seen a 'bad' post in all their time here. | I wasn't sure until I read [Jeff's comment](https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/42601/should-we-have-a-policy-about-too-much-downvoting/42609#42609):
> "is this a big problem" considering the ratio we're talking about would affect 6 users out of a userbase of about 100k, I'd say no. But the ill will generated by this behavior has a disproportionately large effect, to the point that it starts driving out friendliness and replacing it with bitterness, discontent, and ultimately vindictiveness.
Nastiness tends to spread. Even if you don't mean to be nasty, you had a bad day/week, and just spewed your venom for a little bit and are back to normal, the venom's in circulation. Coupled with the fact that it's *specifically designed/intended* to affect edge cases, I think it makes sense.
People, and people who pride themselves on their knowledge in particular, can either be prone to or become trapped in a self-perpetuating cycle of disdain and derision. It's not a problem yet, perhaps, because SO goes out of its way to encourage positive interaction. Don't ask me about numbers, I don't have them. But go look at the old tech forums and bulletin boards. Or just remember the atmosphere. Do you think people intended to set up a place where every thread could turn into a flame war or snipefest? I don't think, generally, that's the case, but I do think it became a widely known issue for a reason. |
42,601 | We've never had an explicit policy around downvoting -- users are free to, if they like, cast *all* their votes as downvotes. Whether this behavior is *desirable* or not is another matter.
Now, we do discourage downvoting by making downvotes cost -1 rep to the casting voter. But, there's nothing in our policy that says continual downvoting is bad or wrong or inappropriate.
However, my thoughts on this are changing. **I no longer think it is community friendly behavior to cast an extreme number of downvotes**, and I am considering an explicit policy forbidding it.
Some data points (as of today):
Total SO upvotes cast:
45,555,530
Total downvotes cast:
365,192
users with more than 100 downvotes cast:
596
users with > 100 downvotes and the lowest ratio of upvotes to downvotes:
| downvotes | upvotes | up:down ratio |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 201 | 37 | 0.18 |
| 580 | 149 | 0.25 |
| 137 | 43 | 0.31 |
| 438 | 140 | 0.31 |
| 236 | 94 | 0.39 |
| 3299 | 1337 | 0.40 |
| 126 | 66 | 0.52 |
| 348 | 198 | 0.56 |
| 181 | 109 | 0.60 |
| 310 | 197 | 0.63 |
| 198 | 132 | 0.66 |
| 170 | 116 | 0.68 |
| 219 | 152 | 0.69 |
| 167 | 118 | 0.70 |
| 120 | 86 | 0.71 |
| 273 | 201 | 0.73 |
| 135 | 101 | 0.74 |
| 573 | 430 | 0.75 |
(this is a complete list, there are no more below this threshold.)
Based on this data I am leaning towards enforcing a "no more downvotes may be cast" if
1. You have at least (n) votes cast total
2. Your upvote to downvote ratio is lower than ~ 0.5 | 2010/03/17 | [
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/42601",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/1/"
] | I have a hypothesis. Implementing this policy won't change the flow of email.
I support this hypothesis as follows:
Most Stack Overflow users pass through three instars: larva, pupa, and moth.
Larval users have such low rep that a downvote feels like a real hit. This feeling is amplified by the initial shock of that first bit of negative feedback.
Pupae have enough rep that the impact of a downvote is no longer a significant hit to their overall rep. Further, in the process of gaining that rep, they've met enough negative comments and downvotes to have some thickness of skin. (Unless, of course, they've gotten their rep entirely by throwing softball questions.) However, they are still coveteous of their rep, and so downvote sparingly, if at all.
Moths have enough rep to spend it on downvotes, and are *really* not perturbed by them.
Thus, my claim: even polite, low-ratio downvoting will continue to generate plenty of complaining email. Because it is human nature to complain about the perceived unfairness of negative feedback. (And I bet that your email comes from a bimodal distribution: larvae and the constitutionally hypersensitive.)
On Meta, all the time, we write 'votes are on content, not people.' But the rep system guarantees that people will feel the sting. If you want happier users, then you need some way of getting bad content to sink without ruffling the feathers of its creators. This strikes me as a quest for a square circle.
If you are going to limit downvotes, I wish that you'd put a symmetrical limit on upvotes. Require more rep for them, or limit them. I mostly downvote to counteract the effects of what I see as ridiculous upvotes. I'm ready to leave something mediocre at '0', but I am provoked into spending rep when I see positive numbers on content of negative value.
Edit: I have some concrete suggestions:
1. An 'interstitial' page that comes up for the first N postings, for small N. It would say:
1.1. Content you post is licensed, forever, to the site.
1.2. People get to vote on your content. Sooner or later, you *will* get downvoted. Have faith; if you contribute to the site over the long term your upvotes will be many more than your downvotes. Please do not send unhappy email to the management just because you get a downvote.
2. Voting on question requires M points of rep, where M is at least 500. | Jeff, the overall figures you've come up with tally with what I've noticed myself on SF. In general, active users tend to cast (very) roughly a 1:10 ration of votes. I really can't see the need for a policy change to handle the very minute number of extreme radicals you've uncovered. Just leave it be and accept that we're all different. |
303,714 | I often see the number of votes/answers/general interest in questions on Meta Stack Overflow to be much higher in number. There isn't much doubt that the questions here are a lot more interesting and prone to debate.
But shouldn't people spend time giving answers there rather than here?
I mean, that is what is more productive, right? | 2015/08/28 | [
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com/questions/303714",
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com",
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com/users/5080995/"
] | I don't share your view that there is more interest for questions here than on the main site. What I do see is this:
* There are more 'subject experts' here on MSO than on SO for specific tags. The population on SO is mostly interested in their own tags while people here are broader since it concerns the entire site, which everyone knows.
* There are far fewer posts on MSO. Thus they got more attention per question than questions on the main site. Also the 'hot meta questions' box will draw even more attention.
* Concerning the votes: opinions draw more votes in general since people want to have their opinion reflected. A question on SO itself is mostly judged on the correctness and has less 'emotional' way of voting. | I see two primary reasons:
1. The people that really *use* Stack Overflow, the people constantly on it (often with high rep counts) are the frequent visitors here, because they care about the site.
2. Which, combined with the fact that meta gets *far* fewer posts than SO (maybe 100 a day instead of thousands) means that each of those questions gets attention from many, if not all, of them whereas each main site question can only get attention from a few.
Thus, the view/vote counts tend to be much higher here. |
303,714 | I often see the number of votes/answers/general interest in questions on Meta Stack Overflow to be much higher in number. There isn't much doubt that the questions here are a lot more interesting and prone to debate.
But shouldn't people spend time giving answers there rather than here?
I mean, that is what is more productive, right? | 2015/08/28 | [
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com/questions/303714",
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com",
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com/users/5080995/"
] | I don't share your view that there is more interest for questions here than on the main site. What I do see is this:
* There are more 'subject experts' here on MSO than on SO for specific tags. The population on SO is mostly interested in their own tags while people here are broader since it concerns the entire site, which everyone knows.
* There are far fewer posts on MSO. Thus they got more attention per question than questions on the main site. Also the 'hot meta questions' box will draw even more attention.
* Concerning the votes: opinions draw more votes in general since people want to have their opinion reflected. A question on SO itself is mostly judged on the correctness and has less 'emotional' way of voting. | There are 10million+ questions on SO and only 15thousand+ on meta.SO.
There are about 400 bounties at any give time on SO. Meta.SO doesn't have bounties but does have the "Hot meta posts" which features about 4 questions at any one time from meta.SO on meta.SO and SO.
So as you can see, much easier for people to find one/two/three really popular meta.SO posts, since it's a much more narrow area. Whereas SO has hundreds of different areas and most people only frequent a few areas.
So meta.SO is the only bar in town, but SO has many work places. |
303,714 | I often see the number of votes/answers/general interest in questions on Meta Stack Overflow to be much higher in number. There isn't much doubt that the questions here are a lot more interesting and prone to debate.
But shouldn't people spend time giving answers there rather than here?
I mean, that is what is more productive, right? | 2015/08/28 | [
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com/questions/303714",
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com",
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com/users/5080995/"
] | I don't share your view that there is more interest for questions here than on the main site. What I do see is this:
* There are more 'subject experts' here on MSO than on SO for specific tags. The population on SO is mostly interested in their own tags while people here are broader since it concerns the entire site, which everyone knows.
* There are far fewer posts on MSO. Thus they got more attention per question than questions on the main site. Also the 'hot meta questions' box will draw even more attention.
* Concerning the votes: opinions draw more votes in general since people want to have their opinion reflected. A question on SO itself is mostly judged on the correctness and has less 'emotional' way of voting. | There is no reputation linked with votes on meta stack overflow. Upvoting or downvoting here has no effect whatsoever on what we can do in the sites, which makes the voices in our heads lot more calmer about up or down voting content.
that, and votes here are more of an expression of our consent (or disconsent) with the content that we see, not if said content is of high quality or greatly researched. |
303,714 | I often see the number of votes/answers/general interest in questions on Meta Stack Overflow to be much higher in number. There isn't much doubt that the questions here are a lot more interesting and prone to debate.
But shouldn't people spend time giving answers there rather than here?
I mean, that is what is more productive, right? | 2015/08/28 | [
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com/questions/303714",
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com",
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com/users/5080995/"
] | I see two primary reasons:
1. The people that really *use* Stack Overflow, the people constantly on it (often with high rep counts) are the frequent visitors here, because they care about the site.
2. Which, combined with the fact that meta gets *far* fewer posts than SO (maybe 100 a day instead of thousands) means that each of those questions gets attention from many, if not all, of them whereas each main site question can only get attention from a few.
Thus, the view/vote counts tend to be much higher here. | There are 10million+ questions on SO and only 15thousand+ on meta.SO.
There are about 400 bounties at any give time on SO. Meta.SO doesn't have bounties but does have the "Hot meta posts" which features about 4 questions at any one time from meta.SO on meta.SO and SO.
So as you can see, much easier for people to find one/two/three really popular meta.SO posts, since it's a much more narrow area. Whereas SO has hundreds of different areas and most people only frequent a few areas.
So meta.SO is the only bar in town, but SO has many work places. |
303,714 | I often see the number of votes/answers/general interest in questions on Meta Stack Overflow to be much higher in number. There isn't much doubt that the questions here are a lot more interesting and prone to debate.
But shouldn't people spend time giving answers there rather than here?
I mean, that is what is more productive, right? | 2015/08/28 | [
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com/questions/303714",
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com",
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com/users/5080995/"
] | I see two primary reasons:
1. The people that really *use* Stack Overflow, the people constantly on it (often with high rep counts) are the frequent visitors here, because they care about the site.
2. Which, combined with the fact that meta gets *far* fewer posts than SO (maybe 100 a day instead of thousands) means that each of those questions gets attention from many, if not all, of them whereas each main site question can only get attention from a few.
Thus, the view/vote counts tend to be much higher here. | There is no reputation linked with votes on meta stack overflow. Upvoting or downvoting here has no effect whatsoever on what we can do in the sites, which makes the voices in our heads lot more calmer about up or down voting content.
that, and votes here are more of an expression of our consent (or disconsent) with the content that we see, not if said content is of high quality or greatly researched. |
555,648 | If USB 3 is backwards compatible, why do they place USB 2 ports with USB 3 ports on motherboards?
Also, do USB3 External drives not work with USB2 ports? | 2013/02/22 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/555648",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/132345/"
] | USB 3.0 is fully cross compatible.
USB 3.0 devices will run at 2.0 speed when hooked into a USB 2.0 port.
USB 2.0 devices will run at 2.0 speed when hooked into a USB 3.0 port.
The USB A connectors for 3.0 have a second set of contacts that will not touch anything when plugged into a mating 2.0 termination. USB A connectors are typically used on the computer chassis. Any A plug will plug into any other A socket.
The USB 2.0 cable is the universal cable that should work with anything. USB 2.0 cables will plug into USB 3.0 peripherals, but USB 3.0 cables can't be used with USB 2.0 peripherals.
The B and mini USB 3.0 plug ends are structured such that they will not plug into USB 2.0 sockets, conversely, the B and mini USB 2.0 plug ends are a subset of the 3.0 connector and so will easily plug into a USB 3.0 peripheral socket.
USB 2.0 is older technology, there are still a lot of devices out there (who needs 3.0 for a keyboard or mouse?) and the 2.0 support chipsets are cheaper so you will see a mix for some time yet.
Most USB 3.0 based external drives will probably need a special driver (especially Western Digital) installed before the drive is fully usable on either connection setup. They work on both speeds of port, you just have much slower access on a USB 2.0 port. | Of course it's backwards compatible!
If it wasn't, then your (USB2.0) mouse wouldn't work when you plugged it into a USB3.0 port. Or a fancy new USB3.0 flash drive wouldn't work in any of the old USB2.0 ports (which account for the vast majority of USB ports out there still).
Can you imagine buying a USB3.0 flash drive and not being able to use it in most USB ports? There would be an outcry.
So yes, it is backwards compatible, just as USB2.0 is with USB1.1.
USB3.0 chips are considerably more expensive. If it weren't for price, then manufacturers would just go and make every USB port USB3.0 (as they are compatible, then there would be no disadvantage, so it would just be a great boon for the marketing guys: "ALL PORTS ARE USB3.0!"). |
555,648 | If USB 3 is backwards compatible, why do they place USB 2 ports with USB 3 ports on motherboards?
Also, do USB3 External drives not work with USB2 ports? | 2013/02/22 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/555648",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/132345/"
] | USB 3.0 is fully cross compatible.
USB 3.0 devices will run at 2.0 speed when hooked into a USB 2.0 port.
USB 2.0 devices will run at 2.0 speed when hooked into a USB 3.0 port.
The USB A connectors for 3.0 have a second set of contacts that will not touch anything when plugged into a mating 2.0 termination. USB A connectors are typically used on the computer chassis. Any A plug will plug into any other A socket.
The USB 2.0 cable is the universal cable that should work with anything. USB 2.0 cables will plug into USB 3.0 peripherals, but USB 3.0 cables can't be used with USB 2.0 peripherals.
The B and mini USB 3.0 plug ends are structured such that they will not plug into USB 2.0 sockets, conversely, the B and mini USB 2.0 plug ends are a subset of the 3.0 connector and so will easily plug into a USB 3.0 peripheral socket.
USB 2.0 is older technology, there are still a lot of devices out there (who needs 3.0 for a keyboard or mouse?) and the 2.0 support chipsets are cheaper so you will see a mix for some time yet.
Most USB 3.0 based external drives will probably need a special driver (especially Western Digital) installed before the drive is fully usable on either connection setup. They work on both speeds of port, you just have much slower access on a USB 2.0 port. | They place USB 2.0 ports on a motherboard with USB 3.0 ports because USB 2.0 ports are cheaper, not everything requires a USB 3.0 connection's speed, and everyone hates to run out of USB ports. |
555,648 | If USB 3 is backwards compatible, why do they place USB 2 ports with USB 3 ports on motherboards?
Also, do USB3 External drives not work with USB2 ports? | 2013/02/22 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/555648",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/132345/"
] | USB 3.0 is fully cross compatible.
USB 3.0 devices will run at 2.0 speed when hooked into a USB 2.0 port.
USB 2.0 devices will run at 2.0 speed when hooked into a USB 3.0 port.
The USB A connectors for 3.0 have a second set of contacts that will not touch anything when plugged into a mating 2.0 termination. USB A connectors are typically used on the computer chassis. Any A plug will plug into any other A socket.
The USB 2.0 cable is the universal cable that should work with anything. USB 2.0 cables will plug into USB 3.0 peripherals, but USB 3.0 cables can't be used with USB 2.0 peripherals.
The B and mini USB 3.0 plug ends are structured such that they will not plug into USB 2.0 sockets, conversely, the B and mini USB 2.0 plug ends are a subset of the 3.0 connector and so will easily plug into a USB 3.0 peripheral socket.
USB 2.0 is older technology, there are still a lot of devices out there (who needs 3.0 for a keyboard or mouse?) and the 2.0 support chipsets are cheaper so you will see a mix for some time yet.
Most USB 3.0 based external drives will probably need a special driver (especially Western Digital) installed before the drive is fully usable on either connection setup. They work on both speeds of port, you just have much slower access on a USB 2.0 port. | USB 2.0 and 3.0 ports are both placed on motherboards because the ports are on different controllers. One of the controllers is included in or with the motherboard chipset the other is added by the OEM. In either case the motherboard manufacturer (OEM) is trying to maximize the number of accessible root hubs.
If you place a high bandwidth device on the same root hub as a low bandwidth device you get decreased throughput. Especially when the devices are different USB versions. The USB design sets line speed at the root hub, not at the device. USB 3.0 overcomes this somewhat by allowing device "unlocking" of unsynced devices, but there remains an, albiet reduced, performance penalty. This is why its better that high-bandwidth devices like pen drives, external hard disks, video cameras, and USB network controllers go in a port directly on the motherboard instead of daisy chained.
As to why the ports aren't all USB 3.0; that's because either the USB controller in the chipset is 2.0 so the OEM can't change it, or there was a significant price difference to add a USB 2.0 controller isntead of a 3.0 one. |
555,648 | If USB 3 is backwards compatible, why do they place USB 2 ports with USB 3 ports on motherboards?
Also, do USB3 External drives not work with USB2 ports? | 2013/02/22 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/555648",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/132345/"
] | USB 2.0 and 3.0 ports are both placed on motherboards because the ports are on different controllers. One of the controllers is included in or with the motherboard chipset the other is added by the OEM. In either case the motherboard manufacturer (OEM) is trying to maximize the number of accessible root hubs.
If you place a high bandwidth device on the same root hub as a low bandwidth device you get decreased throughput. Especially when the devices are different USB versions. The USB design sets line speed at the root hub, not at the device. USB 3.0 overcomes this somewhat by allowing device "unlocking" of unsynced devices, but there remains an, albiet reduced, performance penalty. This is why its better that high-bandwidth devices like pen drives, external hard disks, video cameras, and USB network controllers go in a port directly on the motherboard instead of daisy chained.
As to why the ports aren't all USB 3.0; that's because either the USB controller in the chipset is 2.0 so the OEM can't change it, or there was a significant price difference to add a USB 2.0 controller isntead of a 3.0 one. | Of course it's backwards compatible!
If it wasn't, then your (USB2.0) mouse wouldn't work when you plugged it into a USB3.0 port. Or a fancy new USB3.0 flash drive wouldn't work in any of the old USB2.0 ports (which account for the vast majority of USB ports out there still).
Can you imagine buying a USB3.0 flash drive and not being able to use it in most USB ports? There would be an outcry.
So yes, it is backwards compatible, just as USB2.0 is with USB1.1.
USB3.0 chips are considerably more expensive. If it weren't for price, then manufacturers would just go and make every USB port USB3.0 (as they are compatible, then there would be no disadvantage, so it would just be a great boon for the marketing guys: "ALL PORTS ARE USB3.0!"). |
555,648 | If USB 3 is backwards compatible, why do they place USB 2 ports with USB 3 ports on motherboards?
Also, do USB3 External drives not work with USB2 ports? | 2013/02/22 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/555648",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/132345/"
] | USB 2.0 and 3.0 ports are both placed on motherboards because the ports are on different controllers. One of the controllers is included in or with the motherboard chipset the other is added by the OEM. In either case the motherboard manufacturer (OEM) is trying to maximize the number of accessible root hubs.
If you place a high bandwidth device on the same root hub as a low bandwidth device you get decreased throughput. Especially when the devices are different USB versions. The USB design sets line speed at the root hub, not at the device. USB 3.0 overcomes this somewhat by allowing device "unlocking" of unsynced devices, but there remains an, albiet reduced, performance penalty. This is why its better that high-bandwidth devices like pen drives, external hard disks, video cameras, and USB network controllers go in a port directly on the motherboard instead of daisy chained.
As to why the ports aren't all USB 3.0; that's because either the USB controller in the chipset is 2.0 so the OEM can't change it, or there was a significant price difference to add a USB 2.0 controller isntead of a 3.0 one. | They place USB 2.0 ports on a motherboard with USB 3.0 ports because USB 2.0 ports are cheaper, not everything requires a USB 3.0 connection's speed, and everyone hates to run out of USB ports. |
6,052 | When I bought my baseboard heaters, thermostats and 220V breakers I was advised to get 12/3 wire. When I attempted to install the heaters I found that the thermostats, heaters, and even breakers have connections for only 2 wires. I have since read that 12/3 is only necessary for wiring something like a dryer that uses both 220V and 110V over the same wire. My question now is, should I get 12/2 instead of 12/3 to wire these heaters? | 2011/05/02 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/6052",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/2494/"
] | You should use 12/2 if the 240v appliance requires two hot plus ground. If you can't find 12/2 wire that has black/red/ground... you can use the more common wire that has black/white/ground where both black and white are hot. If doing this you MUST identify the white wire as hot at the appliance (or outlet if used) and at the panel. I always use colored heat shrink tubing because electrical tape almost always falls off after many years and is not reliable. Also make sure that you're using a proper 2-pole breaker at your electrical panel and if using an outlet, use the correct type to match the circuit's amp rating.
<http://cdn.instructables.com/FJX/ZDUA/HAQ3A4EL/FJXZDUAHAQ3A4EL.LARGE.gif> | I had a similar situation when I wanted to add 240V baseboard heaters to my attic renovation. I was initially told I needed to run 10/3 for a 240V line (I forget who, maybe my father-in-law or the guy at Home Depot), so I ran 10/3 from the basement through two stories and up into the attic. Later I found out all I needed was 2 conductors for the heaters so I ran the 10/3 into a junction box in an attic closet and then had 10/2 go from there to the heaters and thermostat. I put a wire nut on the unused conductor in the junction box as well as at the other end inside the electrical panel.
I wish I had known that I only needed 2 conductor when I was fishing it from the basement as it would have been easier to deal with and cheaper.
Where are you located? My experience is in the USA and I am NOT an electrician (though it did pass inspection from the city). |
6,052 | When I bought my baseboard heaters, thermostats and 220V breakers I was advised to get 12/3 wire. When I attempted to install the heaters I found that the thermostats, heaters, and even breakers have connections for only 2 wires. I have since read that 12/3 is only necessary for wiring something like a dryer that uses both 220V and 110V over the same wire. My question now is, should I get 12/2 instead of 12/3 to wire these heaters? | 2011/05/02 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/6052",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/2494/"
] | You should use 12/2 if the 240v appliance requires two hot plus ground. If you can't find 12/2 wire that has black/red/ground... you can use the more common wire that has black/white/ground where both black and white are hot. If doing this you MUST identify the white wire as hot at the appliance (or outlet if used) and at the panel. I always use colored heat shrink tubing because electrical tape almost always falls off after many years and is not reliable. Also make sure that you're using a proper 2-pole breaker at your electrical panel and if using an outlet, use the correct type to match the circuit's amp rating.
<http://cdn.instructables.com/FJX/ZDUA/HAQ3A4EL/FJXZDUAHAQ3A4EL.LARGE.gif> | Refer to the total amps for the heater. Base the wire selection on this number. The wire size should be xx/2 WITH GROUND. Try to get wire with black and red conductors for 220 volts. If the wires are black and white the white wire MUST be pemantly marked red or black. Black and white conductors ar ok for 120 volt. |
6,052 | When I bought my baseboard heaters, thermostats and 220V breakers I was advised to get 12/3 wire. When I attempted to install the heaters I found that the thermostats, heaters, and even breakers have connections for only 2 wires. I have since read that 12/3 is only necessary for wiring something like a dryer that uses both 220V and 110V over the same wire. My question now is, should I get 12/2 instead of 12/3 to wire these heaters? | 2011/05/02 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/6052",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/2494/"
] | I'd use 12/3 -- that way, the neutral is there if you need it (for built-in outlets for instance), and you can use standard color codes. (Just about *ALL* /2 NM is black/white/bare.) | I like the idea of using 12-2 with ground, and marking the white wire red. But, my inspector said it is not allowed to mark white to red for small wires. I don't recall the cut-off AWG. |
6,052 | When I bought my baseboard heaters, thermostats and 220V breakers I was advised to get 12/3 wire. When I attempted to install the heaters I found that the thermostats, heaters, and even breakers have connections for only 2 wires. I have since read that 12/3 is only necessary for wiring something like a dryer that uses both 220V and 110V over the same wire. My question now is, should I get 12/2 instead of 12/3 to wire these heaters? | 2011/05/02 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/6052",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/2494/"
] | I had a similar situation when I wanted to add 240V baseboard heaters to my attic renovation. I was initially told I needed to run 10/3 for a 240V line (I forget who, maybe my father-in-law or the guy at Home Depot), so I ran 10/3 from the basement through two stories and up into the attic. Later I found out all I needed was 2 conductors for the heaters so I ran the 10/3 into a junction box in an attic closet and then had 10/2 go from there to the heaters and thermostat. I put a wire nut on the unused conductor in the junction box as well as at the other end inside the electrical panel.
I wish I had known that I only needed 2 conductor when I was fishing it from the basement as it would have been easier to deal with and cheaper.
Where are you located? My experience is in the USA and I am NOT an electrician (though it did pass inspection from the city). | I wire both of my 240 heaters on the same circuit with 12/2 wire identifying the white with black electrical tape.A 240 circuit is alot cheaper than a 120 volt. |
6,052 | When I bought my baseboard heaters, thermostats and 220V breakers I was advised to get 12/3 wire. When I attempted to install the heaters I found that the thermostats, heaters, and even breakers have connections for only 2 wires. I have since read that 12/3 is only necessary for wiring something like a dryer that uses both 220V and 110V over the same wire. My question now is, should I get 12/2 instead of 12/3 to wire these heaters? | 2011/05/02 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/6052",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/2494/"
] | I'd use 12/3 -- that way, the neutral is there if you need it (for built-in outlets for instance), and you can use standard color codes. (Just about *ALL* /2 NM is black/white/bare.) | I wire both of my 240 heaters on the same circuit with 12/2 wire identifying the white with black electrical tape.A 240 circuit is alot cheaper than a 120 volt. |
6,052 | When I bought my baseboard heaters, thermostats and 220V breakers I was advised to get 12/3 wire. When I attempted to install the heaters I found that the thermostats, heaters, and even breakers have connections for only 2 wires. I have since read that 12/3 is only necessary for wiring something like a dryer that uses both 220V and 110V over the same wire. My question now is, should I get 12/2 instead of 12/3 to wire these heaters? | 2011/05/02 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/6052",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/2494/"
] | I'd use 12/3 -- that way, the neutral is there if you need it (for built-in outlets for instance), and you can use standard color codes. (Just about *ALL* /2 NM is black/white/bare.) | Refer to the total amps for the heater. Base the wire selection on this number. The wire size should be xx/2 WITH GROUND. Try to get wire with black and red conductors for 220 volts. If the wires are black and white the white wire MUST be pemantly marked red or black. Black and white conductors ar ok for 120 volt. |
6,052 | When I bought my baseboard heaters, thermostats and 220V breakers I was advised to get 12/3 wire. When I attempted to install the heaters I found that the thermostats, heaters, and even breakers have connections for only 2 wires. I have since read that 12/3 is only necessary for wiring something like a dryer that uses both 220V and 110V over the same wire. My question now is, should I get 12/2 instead of 12/3 to wire these heaters? | 2011/05/02 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/6052",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/2494/"
] | You should use 12/2 if the 240v appliance requires two hot plus ground. If you can't find 12/2 wire that has black/red/ground... you can use the more common wire that has black/white/ground where both black and white are hot. If doing this you MUST identify the white wire as hot at the appliance (or outlet if used) and at the panel. I always use colored heat shrink tubing because electrical tape almost always falls off after many years and is not reliable. Also make sure that you're using a proper 2-pole breaker at your electrical panel and if using an outlet, use the correct type to match the circuit's amp rating.
<http://cdn.instructables.com/FJX/ZDUA/HAQ3A4EL/FJXZDUAHAQ3A4EL.LARGE.gif> | I like the idea of using 12-2 with ground, and marking the white wire red. But, my inspector said it is not allowed to mark white to red for small wires. I don't recall the cut-off AWG. |
6,052 | When I bought my baseboard heaters, thermostats and 220V breakers I was advised to get 12/3 wire. When I attempted to install the heaters I found that the thermostats, heaters, and even breakers have connections for only 2 wires. I have since read that 12/3 is only necessary for wiring something like a dryer that uses both 220V and 110V over the same wire. My question now is, should I get 12/2 instead of 12/3 to wire these heaters? | 2011/05/02 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/6052",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/2494/"
] | You should use 12/2 if the 240v appliance requires two hot plus ground. If you can't find 12/2 wire that has black/red/ground... you can use the more common wire that has black/white/ground where both black and white are hot. If doing this you MUST identify the white wire as hot at the appliance (or outlet if used) and at the panel. I always use colored heat shrink tubing because electrical tape almost always falls off after many years and is not reliable. Also make sure that you're using a proper 2-pole breaker at your electrical panel and if using an outlet, use the correct type to match the circuit's amp rating.
<http://cdn.instructables.com/FJX/ZDUA/HAQ3A4EL/FJXZDUAHAQ3A4EL.LARGE.gif> | EDIT: As comments have noted, this isn't a good answer. Thanks for the lesson! Look at the other answers on this page for wiser advice.
12/2 would be a less expensive and more obvious-to-future-electricians way to wire the heaters. However, you can use 12/3 and just ignore one of the wires. The safe way to do that is to bond the red wire to ground at every junction. That way, if it is ever wired to current somewhere in the system, the circuit will immediately short and your circuit breaker will break the circuit. |
6,052 | When I bought my baseboard heaters, thermostats and 220V breakers I was advised to get 12/3 wire. When I attempted to install the heaters I found that the thermostats, heaters, and even breakers have connections for only 2 wires. I have since read that 12/3 is only necessary for wiring something like a dryer that uses both 220V and 110V over the same wire. My question now is, should I get 12/2 instead of 12/3 to wire these heaters? | 2011/05/02 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/6052",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/2494/"
] | I'd use 12/3 -- that way, the neutral is there if you need it (for built-in outlets for instance), and you can use standard color codes. (Just about *ALL* /2 NM is black/white/bare.) | EDIT: As comments have noted, this isn't a good answer. Thanks for the lesson! Look at the other answers on this page for wiser advice.
12/2 would be a less expensive and more obvious-to-future-electricians way to wire the heaters. However, you can use 12/3 and just ignore one of the wires. The safe way to do that is to bond the red wire to ground at every junction. That way, if it is ever wired to current somewhere in the system, the circuit will immediately short and your circuit breaker will break the circuit. |
6,052 | When I bought my baseboard heaters, thermostats and 220V breakers I was advised to get 12/3 wire. When I attempted to install the heaters I found that the thermostats, heaters, and even breakers have connections for only 2 wires. I have since read that 12/3 is only necessary for wiring something like a dryer that uses both 220V and 110V over the same wire. My question now is, should I get 12/2 instead of 12/3 to wire these heaters? | 2011/05/02 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/6052",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/2494/"
] | I'd use 12/3 -- that way, the neutral is there if you need it (for built-in outlets for instance), and you can use standard color codes. (Just about *ALL* /2 NM is black/white/bare.) | I had a similar situation when I wanted to add 240V baseboard heaters to my attic renovation. I was initially told I needed to run 10/3 for a 240V line (I forget who, maybe my father-in-law or the guy at Home Depot), so I ran 10/3 from the basement through two stories and up into the attic. Later I found out all I needed was 2 conductors for the heaters so I ran the 10/3 into a junction box in an attic closet and then had 10/2 go from there to the heaters and thermostat. I put a wire nut on the unused conductor in the junction box as well as at the other end inside the electrical panel.
I wish I had known that I only needed 2 conductor when I was fishing it from the basement as it would have been easier to deal with and cheaper.
Where are you located? My experience is in the USA and I am NOT an electrician (though it did pass inspection from the city). |
111,515 | I feel like I have a very common problem. I have too many passwords to remember, as well as PINs for credit/debit cards, access codes for doors at my workplace or combination locks. I don't seem to be able to remember all of them no matter how hard I try, and not remembering any of those at the time that I need to can be inconvenient.
I am looking for a way to securely store passwords and PINs. The method should be
1. secure against compromised websites, i.e. if someone breaks the database of site A and manages to obtain my password for A in plaintext, he should not get any information about my password for site B
2. secure against a compromised local machine, i.e. if someone installs malware on my laptop he should still be unable to get my PIN codes and other passwords that are not used on the compromised machine
3. secure against theft, i.e. the method should not involve a physical token that, if it gets stolen, will allow a thief to empty all my accounts.
4. portable, i.e. it should work without me sitting in front of my computer, for example at an ATM or when paying in a shop.
5. secure against data loss, i.e. I want to be able to make backups in case of device failure, theft, etc.
That rules out a few approaches that I am aware of and that have been previously discussed:
* reusing passwords is against (1)
* writing down passwords on a sheet of paper is against (3) and (5)
* password manager in my computer (online or offline) is against (4) and (2)
* generate passwords [in my head](https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/1222/is-there-a-method-of-generating-site-specific-passwords-which-can-be-executed-i/4049#4049) is against (1) and (2) unless the method itself is secure. Otherwise this is essentially security through obscurity and can only work as long as not too many use the same method.
* a [physical token](https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/13579/using-a-tabula-recta-to-store-passwords/13745#13745) that contains lots of characters to "generate" passwords by choosing a different starting point or pattern to pick letters from that token. There is a problem with rule (3) if the method is known or too simple, or (1) and (2) if the method is simple and the token happens to be a book or something else widely known. Again, it smells like security through obscurity. In addition, it is hard to backup securely (5).
* [encrypting data on a sheet of paper and decrypt it manually](https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/108746/how-to-store-passwords-written-on-a-physical-notebook) is either using an insecure method, or sounds like something that I can't do in my head (I am happy if somebody corrects me on this one). Note that even doing it on paper is not a good idea in a supermarket if that means that I have to securely destroy the paper on which I worked out my PIN after each use.
My question is therefore: Is there any way to store/memorize passwords that satisfies the above requirements? One possibility that comes to my mind is a dedicated device that can perform AES decryption, so I could store passwords that were encrypted with a master password on my smartphone, and then use that dedicated device to obtain a plaintext password by entering the encrypted password and the master password. I would be particularly interested in a method that I can use without any tools, or using portable devices that I can buy easily/cheaply on the open market, as long as I can be reasonably sure that the device does not reveal my passwords. Of course it would be great if the method was easy and quick to use.
I don't consider myself a high profile target, so I am willing to assume that I could buy something like a pocket calculator on Amazon without somebody fitting a hidden GSM module in it. I am however not willing to assume that a given smartphone or computer does not have a trojan horse installed. | 2016/01/23 | [
"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/111515",
"https://security.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.stackexchange.com/users/98002/"
] | Session Hijacking can also hijack a session that has already been established. And you're right, all you need is the packet, and not to be in the middle of the flow. For instance, if the session management is improperly configured, you could reestablish the same session if the user disconnects from the server.
Perhaps what you are reading is making a differentiation between "session hijacking" and "sidejacking".
Perhaps the most famous case of session hijacking is [Firesheep](https://codebutler.github.io/firesheep/). Their slides explain how it does what it does, and it does not require to be in the middle. | To answer your question, you do not need a man in the middle attack if you are already able to observe their traffic. However, a MitM attack may be required on a switched network, for example, because the victim's traffic will not otherwise travel to your computer. With an open (or encrypted with a known key) wireless network, you don't usually need to to MitM since you can passively sniff those packets, same goes for a hub network or a tap/mirror port. |
111,515 | I feel like I have a very common problem. I have too many passwords to remember, as well as PINs for credit/debit cards, access codes for doors at my workplace or combination locks. I don't seem to be able to remember all of them no matter how hard I try, and not remembering any of those at the time that I need to can be inconvenient.
I am looking for a way to securely store passwords and PINs. The method should be
1. secure against compromised websites, i.e. if someone breaks the database of site A and manages to obtain my password for A in plaintext, he should not get any information about my password for site B
2. secure against a compromised local machine, i.e. if someone installs malware on my laptop he should still be unable to get my PIN codes and other passwords that are not used on the compromised machine
3. secure against theft, i.e. the method should not involve a physical token that, if it gets stolen, will allow a thief to empty all my accounts.
4. portable, i.e. it should work without me sitting in front of my computer, for example at an ATM or when paying in a shop.
5. secure against data loss, i.e. I want to be able to make backups in case of device failure, theft, etc.
That rules out a few approaches that I am aware of and that have been previously discussed:
* reusing passwords is against (1)
* writing down passwords on a sheet of paper is against (3) and (5)
* password manager in my computer (online or offline) is against (4) and (2)
* generate passwords [in my head](https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/1222/is-there-a-method-of-generating-site-specific-passwords-which-can-be-executed-i/4049#4049) is against (1) and (2) unless the method itself is secure. Otherwise this is essentially security through obscurity and can only work as long as not too many use the same method.
* a [physical token](https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/13579/using-a-tabula-recta-to-store-passwords/13745#13745) that contains lots of characters to "generate" passwords by choosing a different starting point or pattern to pick letters from that token. There is a problem with rule (3) if the method is known or too simple, or (1) and (2) if the method is simple and the token happens to be a book or something else widely known. Again, it smells like security through obscurity. In addition, it is hard to backup securely (5).
* [encrypting data on a sheet of paper and decrypt it manually](https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/108746/how-to-store-passwords-written-on-a-physical-notebook) is either using an insecure method, or sounds like something that I can't do in my head (I am happy if somebody corrects me on this one). Note that even doing it on paper is not a good idea in a supermarket if that means that I have to securely destroy the paper on which I worked out my PIN after each use.
My question is therefore: Is there any way to store/memorize passwords that satisfies the above requirements? One possibility that comes to my mind is a dedicated device that can perform AES decryption, so I could store passwords that were encrypted with a master password on my smartphone, and then use that dedicated device to obtain a plaintext password by entering the encrypted password and the master password. I would be particularly interested in a method that I can use without any tools, or using portable devices that I can buy easily/cheaply on the open market, as long as I can be reasonably sure that the device does not reveal my passwords. Of course it would be great if the method was easy and quick to use.
I don't consider myself a high profile target, so I am willing to assume that I could buy something like a pocket calculator on Amazon without somebody fitting a hidden GSM module in it. I am however not willing to assume that a given smartphone or computer does not have a trojan horse installed. | 2016/01/23 | [
"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/111515",
"https://security.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.stackexchange.com/users/98002/"
] | Session Hijacking can also hijack a session that has already been established. And you're right, all you need is the packet, and not to be in the middle of the flow. For instance, if the session management is improperly configured, you could reestablish the same session if the user disconnects from the server.
Perhaps what you are reading is making a differentiation between "session hijacking" and "sidejacking".
Perhaps the most famous case of session hijacking is [Firesheep](https://codebutler.github.io/firesheep/). Their slides explain how it does what it does, and it does not require to be in the middle. | First of all Session Hijacking does not require MiTM and can be achieved also by other attack vectors such as cookie stealing through XSS or other web attacks such as Session Fixation.
Also Packet Sniffing with tools like Wireshark will not work on Switched Network and to be able to to MiTM you will need to perform other attacks such as ARP spoofing.
<https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Session_hijacking_attack>
<https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Session_fixation>
<https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Man-in-the-middle_attack> |
111,515 | I feel like I have a very common problem. I have too many passwords to remember, as well as PINs for credit/debit cards, access codes for doors at my workplace or combination locks. I don't seem to be able to remember all of them no matter how hard I try, and not remembering any of those at the time that I need to can be inconvenient.
I am looking for a way to securely store passwords and PINs. The method should be
1. secure against compromised websites, i.e. if someone breaks the database of site A and manages to obtain my password for A in plaintext, he should not get any information about my password for site B
2. secure against a compromised local machine, i.e. if someone installs malware on my laptop he should still be unable to get my PIN codes and other passwords that are not used on the compromised machine
3. secure against theft, i.e. the method should not involve a physical token that, if it gets stolen, will allow a thief to empty all my accounts.
4. portable, i.e. it should work without me sitting in front of my computer, for example at an ATM or when paying in a shop.
5. secure against data loss, i.e. I want to be able to make backups in case of device failure, theft, etc.
That rules out a few approaches that I am aware of and that have been previously discussed:
* reusing passwords is against (1)
* writing down passwords on a sheet of paper is against (3) and (5)
* password manager in my computer (online or offline) is against (4) and (2)
* generate passwords [in my head](https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/1222/is-there-a-method-of-generating-site-specific-passwords-which-can-be-executed-i/4049#4049) is against (1) and (2) unless the method itself is secure. Otherwise this is essentially security through obscurity and can only work as long as not too many use the same method.
* a [physical token](https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/13579/using-a-tabula-recta-to-store-passwords/13745#13745) that contains lots of characters to "generate" passwords by choosing a different starting point or pattern to pick letters from that token. There is a problem with rule (3) if the method is known or too simple, or (1) and (2) if the method is simple and the token happens to be a book or something else widely known. Again, it smells like security through obscurity. In addition, it is hard to backup securely (5).
* [encrypting data on a sheet of paper and decrypt it manually](https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/108746/how-to-store-passwords-written-on-a-physical-notebook) is either using an insecure method, or sounds like something that I can't do in my head (I am happy if somebody corrects me on this one). Note that even doing it on paper is not a good idea in a supermarket if that means that I have to securely destroy the paper on which I worked out my PIN after each use.
My question is therefore: Is there any way to store/memorize passwords that satisfies the above requirements? One possibility that comes to my mind is a dedicated device that can perform AES decryption, so I could store passwords that were encrypted with a master password on my smartphone, and then use that dedicated device to obtain a plaintext password by entering the encrypted password and the master password. I would be particularly interested in a method that I can use without any tools, or using portable devices that I can buy easily/cheaply on the open market, as long as I can be reasonably sure that the device does not reveal my passwords. Of course it would be great if the method was easy and quick to use.
I don't consider myself a high profile target, so I am willing to assume that I could buy something like a pocket calculator on Amazon without somebody fitting a hidden GSM module in it. I am however not willing to assume that a given smartphone or computer does not have a trojan horse installed. | 2016/01/23 | [
"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/111515",
"https://security.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.stackexchange.com/users/98002/"
] | I'm assuming that you are talking about session in the context of a web application, i.e. not the TCP session or TLS session but an authorized session of a web application. This one is usually maintained by a cookie and often all what you need to hijack the session is to have access to this session cookie.
Access to this session cookie can be done with a man in the middle attack by reading the cookie from the intercepted transferred packets. It can be done by passively reading the packets where no man in the middle access is needed but only passive access to the packet. This access is possible for instance at the mirror port of a router. But even without access at the network layer session hijacking might be possible, because the cookie might be readable from JavaScript by exploiting an cross-site-scripting (XSS) bug in the web application.
And there might be more kind of attacks possible, depending on how good the protections against session hijacking are. See also [OWASP](https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Session_hijacking_attack) for more ideas. | To answer your question, you do not need a man in the middle attack if you are already able to observe their traffic. However, a MitM attack may be required on a switched network, for example, because the victim's traffic will not otherwise travel to your computer. With an open (or encrypted with a known key) wireless network, you don't usually need to to MitM since you can passively sniff those packets, same goes for a hub network or a tap/mirror port. |
111,515 | I feel like I have a very common problem. I have too many passwords to remember, as well as PINs for credit/debit cards, access codes for doors at my workplace or combination locks. I don't seem to be able to remember all of them no matter how hard I try, and not remembering any of those at the time that I need to can be inconvenient.
I am looking for a way to securely store passwords and PINs. The method should be
1. secure against compromised websites, i.e. if someone breaks the database of site A and manages to obtain my password for A in plaintext, he should not get any information about my password for site B
2. secure against a compromised local machine, i.e. if someone installs malware on my laptop he should still be unable to get my PIN codes and other passwords that are not used on the compromised machine
3. secure against theft, i.e. the method should not involve a physical token that, if it gets stolen, will allow a thief to empty all my accounts.
4. portable, i.e. it should work without me sitting in front of my computer, for example at an ATM or when paying in a shop.
5. secure against data loss, i.e. I want to be able to make backups in case of device failure, theft, etc.
That rules out a few approaches that I am aware of and that have been previously discussed:
* reusing passwords is against (1)
* writing down passwords on a sheet of paper is against (3) and (5)
* password manager in my computer (online or offline) is against (4) and (2)
* generate passwords [in my head](https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/1222/is-there-a-method-of-generating-site-specific-passwords-which-can-be-executed-i/4049#4049) is against (1) and (2) unless the method itself is secure. Otherwise this is essentially security through obscurity and can only work as long as not too many use the same method.
* a [physical token](https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/13579/using-a-tabula-recta-to-store-passwords/13745#13745) that contains lots of characters to "generate" passwords by choosing a different starting point or pattern to pick letters from that token. There is a problem with rule (3) if the method is known or too simple, or (1) and (2) if the method is simple and the token happens to be a book or something else widely known. Again, it smells like security through obscurity. In addition, it is hard to backup securely (5).
* [encrypting data on a sheet of paper and decrypt it manually](https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/108746/how-to-store-passwords-written-on-a-physical-notebook) is either using an insecure method, or sounds like something that I can't do in my head (I am happy if somebody corrects me on this one). Note that even doing it on paper is not a good idea in a supermarket if that means that I have to securely destroy the paper on which I worked out my PIN after each use.
My question is therefore: Is there any way to store/memorize passwords that satisfies the above requirements? One possibility that comes to my mind is a dedicated device that can perform AES decryption, so I could store passwords that were encrypted with a master password on my smartphone, and then use that dedicated device to obtain a plaintext password by entering the encrypted password and the master password. I would be particularly interested in a method that I can use without any tools, or using portable devices that I can buy easily/cheaply on the open market, as long as I can be reasonably sure that the device does not reveal my passwords. Of course it would be great if the method was easy and quick to use.
I don't consider myself a high profile target, so I am willing to assume that I could buy something like a pocket calculator on Amazon without somebody fitting a hidden GSM module in it. I am however not willing to assume that a given smartphone or computer does not have a trojan horse installed. | 2016/01/23 | [
"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/111515",
"https://security.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.stackexchange.com/users/98002/"
] | I'm assuming that you are talking about session in the context of a web application, i.e. not the TCP session or TLS session but an authorized session of a web application. This one is usually maintained by a cookie and often all what you need to hijack the session is to have access to this session cookie.
Access to this session cookie can be done with a man in the middle attack by reading the cookie from the intercepted transferred packets. It can be done by passively reading the packets where no man in the middle access is needed but only passive access to the packet. This access is possible for instance at the mirror port of a router. But even without access at the network layer session hijacking might be possible, because the cookie might be readable from JavaScript by exploiting an cross-site-scripting (XSS) bug in the web application.
And there might be more kind of attacks possible, depending on how good the protections against session hijacking are. See also [OWASP](https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Session_hijacking_attack) for more ideas. | First of all Session Hijacking does not require MiTM and can be achieved also by other attack vectors such as cookie stealing through XSS or other web attacks such as Session Fixation.
Also Packet Sniffing with tools like Wireshark will not work on Switched Network and to be able to to MiTM you will need to perform other attacks such as ARP spoofing.
<https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Session_hijacking_attack>
<https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Session_fixation>
<https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Man-in-the-middle_attack> |
21,941 | I have run an in vitro transcription reaction and produced some RNA of a single species and definite size. I would like to visualize it to check if the reaction worked.
Can I do this on an agarose gel? Is it sufficient to simply make a 1% TAE-agarose gel with EtBR that you would use for routine DNA electrophoresis, and run this? Is it necessary to take special measures against possible RNAses in the gel or the running buffer? | 2014/10/07 | [
"https://biology.stackexchange.com/questions/21941",
"https://biology.stackexchange.com",
"https://biology.stackexchange.com/users/540/"
] | You have two possibilities: When you only need a quick check if your RNA is ok and you indeed only get one band, you can try a "quick and dirty" method. Heat the sample for 5 minutes at 65°C and then immediately cool it down in an icebath and keep it there until loading. By doing so, you melt up the secondary structure of the RNA and keep it in this state. You will most likely then see only one band.
If this doesn't work or if you want to use a RNA size marker, there is no way around denaturating gel electrophoresis. Here you denature your sample in the loading buffer and then run a denaturating gel in which prevents the secondary structures. There is a good paper about this:
* [Denaturing RNA electrophoresis in TAE agarose gels](http://www.directupload.net/file/d/3769/aiwh9lys_pdf.htm)
The classical method using formaldehyde (which is more dangerous in handling) is described in the following paper and also in the "Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual" book by Maniatis and colleagues:
* [RNA molecular weight determinations by gel electrophoresis under
denaturing conditions, a critical reexamination](http://www.directupload.net/file/d/3769/9t6tbzgc_pdf.htm) | RNA is amenable to folding, which produces secondary structure and alters its mobility (compare to supercoiled DNA). Therefore, if you don't denature your RNA appropriately, even a single species will produce a smear.
A common strategy is to incorporate denaturing chemicals such as formaldehyde into the procedure. See this [Life Technologies](http://www.lifetechnologies.com/us/en/home/references/protocols/nucleic-acid-purification-and-analysis/rna-protocol/agarose-gel-electrophoresis-of-rna.html) protocol.
Apparently, you can also just make a [standard DNA gel with some added bleach](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3699176/). I haven't used this technique, but they have some samle results. |
365,294 | My absolute encoder need 24VDD (minimum is 11v) and send the same VDD to the output pin.
But My MCU only tolerate 3.3v or 5v
I could use a resistor but if the amp slightly change for any reason, it could be a problem for my MCU.
I was considering using a MOSFET, what do you think? is it better?
I'm not familiar with this kind of stuff
THank you
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/CZlYU.png)
Encoder datasheet:
<http://download.schneider-electric.com/files?p_Reference=W915601910811&p_EnDocType=Instruction%20sheet&p_File_Id=1391814451&p_File_Name=W915601910811_A06.pdf> | 2018/03/29 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/365294",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/156271/"
] | From reading your question and looking at the encoder data sheet it is clear that your encoder is equipped with what is called the "PNP output". That style of output will source current from the device positive supply for one logic state and shut that current off for the other logic state. To accommodate that type of encoder output you need to give your MCU an "NPN input" type circuit. There are a number of ways to do this with various types of circuits, components and chips.
Possibly the simplest and most robust circuit to deal with this would be to use the following idea if you do not mind using low cost discrete components.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/K8BnB.png)
The diode D1 is placed in the circuit to protect the NPN transistor in the case that there are negative spikes on the wire from the encoder due to disturbance from other machine parts.
This circuit will work well for most speeds that the encoder would operate at and you would only use single ended outputs from the encoder. If your encoder has a high line count and operates up toward its maximum RPM then you may find that the PNP/NPN type connections may not provide fast enough switching performance. It those cases you will want to use the differential output pairs for the A, B and 0 outputs of the encoder and get the part that has the 5V diff pair driver outputs. Then your MCU side would use a differential receiver for the signals such as shown in the encoder data sheet:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/fxwj9.png) | I have used basic diode an pull up resistor in the past.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/xPu5Q.jpg) |
15,342 | Do you know any collaborative translation tool?
I've seen the suggestions in [this answer](https://webapps.stackexchange.com/questions/1108/is-there-any-social-translation-web-site), but I'm specifically searching for a tool to translate books (so large documents made of paragraphs, mostly), with possibility for other users to check/correct/validate other users' translations, roles (admins, validators...), and if possible something that has a nice API so I can convert the result into LaTeX to publish the book.
The tool could be SaaS (preferably free) or open-source (to be hosted on LAMP or similar). | 2011/05/13 | [
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com/questions/15342",
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com",
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com/users/4484/"
] | <http://userscripts.org/scripts/show/97229>
>
> This simple script currently just adds a few styles to show the available accounts on first click.
>
>
>
Hope this helps. | Take a look at [this userscript](http://userscripts.org/scripts/show/16341)
It replaces the `Sign Out` link with a select list of accounts, so you you can instantly switch between accounts without logging out. |
190,093 | In a chat session, whenever I want the other person to hear a pre-recorded voice, I need to play it on my speakers and use my microphone to capture it. How can I play MP3 files into the microphone input so that whenever I do a voice chat I could play the MP3 file in such a way that I am speaking through the microphone itself?
Operating system: XP Pro sp3 | 2010/09/18 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/190093",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/46669/"
] | A simpler approach to your problem might be just to record your speakers.
To record anything that comes out of your speakers:
1. Right-click the volume icon and choose "Recording devices".
2. If you don't see "stereo mix": Right-click somewhere in the white
area of the recording box, and select "Show Disabled Devices".
3. If you now see "Stereo Mix": Right-click and enable it. Right-click any other recoding devices and select "disable". You should now be able to use any [recording software](http://stream-recorder.com/forum/missing-sound-recording-option-stereo-mix-record-t4876.html) you want.
4. If you still don't see "Stereo Mix": Search for an audio driver on the website of
the manufacturer of the audio card. You might be in luck and find a driver that shows "Stereo Mix".
5. If you still don't see "Stereo Mix":
The following thread has many explanations and workarounds :
[Missing sound recording option "Stereo Mix" / "Record What you hear" / "Waveout mix"](http://www.techsupportalert.com/best-free-streaming-media-recorder.htm).
>
> The problem is that you won't be able
> to enable the "Wave Out mix" ("Stereo
> Mix", "Record What you hear") on many
> computers with built-in sound cards.
> But you can use [software that doesn't
> need the "Wave Out mix"](http://stream-recorder.com/forum/showthread.php?t=5839) ("Stereo
> Mix", "Record What you hear")
> recording option to record audio from
> your sound card:
>
>
> **Direct sound recording software allowing to record audio without
> Stereo Mix/Wave-Out Mix/What U Hear**
>
>
> * [Freecorder](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-audio-stream/FreeCorder-Toolbar-Free-sound-recorder-software-Windows.htm) (Freeware) - sound recording program (Windows 7, Vista or
> XP),
> * [Replay Music](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-audio-stream/Replay-Music-record-any-web-radio-station-or-streaming-music-service.htm) - shareware sound recording program that can split and
> tag songs automatically (Windows 7,
> Vista, XP or 2000),
> * [Replay AV](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-video-stream/Replay-AV-capture-Streaming-Video-Audio-Radio-Shows-Online-TV-Broadcasts-Video-Clips-Audio-Archives-Podcasts-Free-to-try.htm) - shareware stream recorder that is good for scheduling
> online audio recordings (Windows 7,
> Vista, XP, XP, Server 2003; x32 or
> x64),
> * [Replay Media Catcher](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-video-stream/Replay-Media-Catcher-HTTP-RTMP-FLV-MP3-ripper-recorder.htm) - shareware stream recorder that can
> record audio from your sound card as
> well (Windows 7, Vista, XP, 2000,
> Server 2003),
> * [Ask & Record Toolbar](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-video-stream/Ask-Record-Toolbar-freeware-streaming-video-downloader-and-audio-recorder.htm) (Freeware) - sound recording program
> (Windows 7, Vista or XP)
> * [All Sound Recorder](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-audio-stream/All-Sound-Recorder-Vista-record-audio-without-Stereo-Mix-Wave-Out-Mix-What-U-Hear.htm) - shareware sound recording program with a
> scheduler (Windows Vista or 7)
>
>
> **Screencasting software allowing to record video with sound even if you
> don't have Stereo Mix/Wave-Out
> Mix/What U Hear**
>
>
> * [WM Capture](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-video-from-screen/WM-Capture-screen-video-capture-software-that-records-with-high-quality.htm) - shareware screen recorder that allows to record both
> audio and video (Windows 7, Vista or
> XP),
> * [Replay Video Capture](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-video-from-screen/Replay-Video-Capture-Make-high-quality-recordings-from-anything-you-see-on-PC-screen.htm) - shareware screen recorder that allows
> to record both audio and video
> (Windows 7, Vista or XP),
>
>
> **Virtual Sound Card software**
>
>
> * [Virtual Audio Cable](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-audio-stream/Virtual-Audio-Cable-virtual-sound-card-software-send-sound-from-one-application-to-another.htm) - shareware software that creates a
> virtual audio device (Windows 7,
> Vista, XP, 2003; x32 or x64)
> * [Virtual Audio Streaming](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-audio-stream/ShiningMorning-Virtual-Audio-Streaming-virtual-sound-card.htm) - shareware software that creates a
> virtual sound card (Windows 7, Vista;
> x32 or x64)
>
>
> As you can see, the programs work not
> only in Windows XP, but also in
> Windows Vista and Windows 7. In fact
> these programs can be the only way to
> record audio from your sound card.
>
>
> Freecorder4, Replay Music, Replay AV,
> Replay Video Capture, Replay Media
> Catcher, Ask&Recorder Toolbar, WM
> Capture use a **universal audio
> driver** allowing you to **record
> sound even on those computers that do
> NOT have a sound card!**
>
>
> | The most reliable way to accomplish this is to use the Windows Mixer to change your recording source.
1. In Windows XP, open the mixer (Windows+R "sndvol32").
2. Go to Options > Properties.
3. Change the radio button from Playback to Recording.
OR, if Recording is grayed out, your sound driver enumerates the recording properties on a different device - change the Mixer Device at the top. On my laptop, it's "Realtek HD Audio input."
4. You should see some options like Line, Mic, Stereo Mix (or "What-U-Hear" if you have a Creative Labs device). Make sure they are all checked.
5. Say OK, and in the mixer, you can now select your recording source with the checkboxes along the bottom.
6. Change it to the Stereo Mix/What-U-Hear/etc. option. |
190,093 | In a chat session, whenever I want the other person to hear a pre-recorded voice, I need to play it on my speakers and use my microphone to capture it. How can I play MP3 files into the microphone input so that whenever I do a voice chat I could play the MP3 file in such a way that I am speaking through the microphone itself?
Operating system: XP Pro sp3 | 2010/09/18 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/190093",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/46669/"
] | A simpler approach to your problem might be just to record your speakers.
To record anything that comes out of your speakers:
1. Right-click the volume icon and choose "Recording devices".
2. If you don't see "stereo mix": Right-click somewhere in the white
area of the recording box, and select "Show Disabled Devices".
3. If you now see "Stereo Mix": Right-click and enable it. Right-click any other recoding devices and select "disable". You should now be able to use any [recording software](http://stream-recorder.com/forum/missing-sound-recording-option-stereo-mix-record-t4876.html) you want.
4. If you still don't see "Stereo Mix": Search for an audio driver on the website of
the manufacturer of the audio card. You might be in luck and find a driver that shows "Stereo Mix".
5. If you still don't see "Stereo Mix":
The following thread has many explanations and workarounds :
[Missing sound recording option "Stereo Mix" / "Record What you hear" / "Waveout mix"](http://www.techsupportalert.com/best-free-streaming-media-recorder.htm).
>
> The problem is that you won't be able
> to enable the "Wave Out mix" ("Stereo
> Mix", "Record What you hear") on many
> computers with built-in sound cards.
> But you can use [software that doesn't
> need the "Wave Out mix"](http://stream-recorder.com/forum/showthread.php?t=5839) ("Stereo
> Mix", "Record What you hear")
> recording option to record audio from
> your sound card:
>
>
> **Direct sound recording software allowing to record audio without
> Stereo Mix/Wave-Out Mix/What U Hear**
>
>
> * [Freecorder](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-audio-stream/FreeCorder-Toolbar-Free-sound-recorder-software-Windows.htm) (Freeware) - sound recording program (Windows 7, Vista or
> XP),
> * [Replay Music](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-audio-stream/Replay-Music-record-any-web-radio-station-or-streaming-music-service.htm) - shareware sound recording program that can split and
> tag songs automatically (Windows 7,
> Vista, XP or 2000),
> * [Replay AV](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-video-stream/Replay-AV-capture-Streaming-Video-Audio-Radio-Shows-Online-TV-Broadcasts-Video-Clips-Audio-Archives-Podcasts-Free-to-try.htm) - shareware stream recorder that is good for scheduling
> online audio recordings (Windows 7,
> Vista, XP, XP, Server 2003; x32 or
> x64),
> * [Replay Media Catcher](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-video-stream/Replay-Media-Catcher-HTTP-RTMP-FLV-MP3-ripper-recorder.htm) - shareware stream recorder that can
> record audio from your sound card as
> well (Windows 7, Vista, XP, 2000,
> Server 2003),
> * [Ask & Record Toolbar](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-video-stream/Ask-Record-Toolbar-freeware-streaming-video-downloader-and-audio-recorder.htm) (Freeware) - sound recording program
> (Windows 7, Vista or XP)
> * [All Sound Recorder](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-audio-stream/All-Sound-Recorder-Vista-record-audio-without-Stereo-Mix-Wave-Out-Mix-What-U-Hear.htm) - shareware sound recording program with a
> scheduler (Windows Vista or 7)
>
>
> **Screencasting software allowing to record video with sound even if you
> don't have Stereo Mix/Wave-Out
> Mix/What U Hear**
>
>
> * [WM Capture](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-video-from-screen/WM-Capture-screen-video-capture-software-that-records-with-high-quality.htm) - shareware screen recorder that allows to record both
> audio and video (Windows 7, Vista or
> XP),
> * [Replay Video Capture](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-video-from-screen/Replay-Video-Capture-Make-high-quality-recordings-from-anything-you-see-on-PC-screen.htm) - shareware screen recorder that allows
> to record both audio and video
> (Windows 7, Vista or XP),
>
>
> **Virtual Sound Card software**
>
>
> * [Virtual Audio Cable](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-audio-stream/Virtual-Audio-Cable-virtual-sound-card-software-send-sound-from-one-application-to-another.htm) - shareware software that creates a
> virtual audio device (Windows 7,
> Vista, XP, 2003; x32 or x64)
> * [Virtual Audio Streaming](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-audio-stream/ShiningMorning-Virtual-Audio-Streaming-virtual-sound-card.htm) - shareware software that creates a
> virtual sound card (Windows 7, Vista;
> x32 or x64)
>
>
> As you can see, the programs work not
> only in Windows XP, but also in
> Windows Vista and Windows 7. In fact
> these programs can be the only way to
> record audio from your sound card.
>
>
> Freecorder4, Replay Music, Replay AV,
> Replay Video Capture, Replay Media
> Catcher, Ask&Recorder Toolbar, WM
> Capture use a **universal audio
> driver** allowing you to **record
> sound even on those computers that do
> NOT have a sound card!**
>
>
> | @Rook has a point...but if that doesn't work or suit you, here is what I suggest.
I would take a regular 3.5 mm stereo cable ([see here on Amazon.com](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/B00021ENXM)), plug one end into the headphone jack of your computer (the output) and then plug the other end into your microphone (input) port. Then set the source to be the microphone jack, and just play the MP3 with your favorite music program (Zune software, Windows Media Player, WinAmp, etc) and that should do the trick....
You could also just get your MP3 player, plug one end (output) into the headphone jack of the MP3 player, and the other end into the microphone (input) jack...that will do the same thing... |
190,093 | In a chat session, whenever I want the other person to hear a pre-recorded voice, I need to play it on my speakers and use my microphone to capture it. How can I play MP3 files into the microphone input so that whenever I do a voice chat I could play the MP3 file in such a way that I am speaking through the microphone itself?
Operating system: XP Pro sp3 | 2010/09/18 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/190093",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/46669/"
] | A simpler approach to your problem might be just to record your speakers.
To record anything that comes out of your speakers:
1. Right-click the volume icon and choose "Recording devices".
2. If you don't see "stereo mix": Right-click somewhere in the white
area of the recording box, and select "Show Disabled Devices".
3. If you now see "Stereo Mix": Right-click and enable it. Right-click any other recoding devices and select "disable". You should now be able to use any [recording software](http://stream-recorder.com/forum/missing-sound-recording-option-stereo-mix-record-t4876.html) you want.
4. If you still don't see "Stereo Mix": Search for an audio driver on the website of
the manufacturer of the audio card. You might be in luck and find a driver that shows "Stereo Mix".
5. If you still don't see "Stereo Mix":
The following thread has many explanations and workarounds :
[Missing sound recording option "Stereo Mix" / "Record What you hear" / "Waveout mix"](http://www.techsupportalert.com/best-free-streaming-media-recorder.htm).
>
> The problem is that you won't be able
> to enable the "Wave Out mix" ("Stereo
> Mix", "Record What you hear") on many
> computers with built-in sound cards.
> But you can use [software that doesn't
> need the "Wave Out mix"](http://stream-recorder.com/forum/showthread.php?t=5839) ("Stereo
> Mix", "Record What you hear")
> recording option to record audio from
> your sound card:
>
>
> **Direct sound recording software allowing to record audio without
> Stereo Mix/Wave-Out Mix/What U Hear**
>
>
> * [Freecorder](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-audio-stream/FreeCorder-Toolbar-Free-sound-recorder-software-Windows.htm) (Freeware) - sound recording program (Windows 7, Vista or
> XP),
> * [Replay Music](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-audio-stream/Replay-Music-record-any-web-radio-station-or-streaming-music-service.htm) - shareware sound recording program that can split and
> tag songs automatically (Windows 7,
> Vista, XP or 2000),
> * [Replay AV](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-video-stream/Replay-AV-capture-Streaming-Video-Audio-Radio-Shows-Online-TV-Broadcasts-Video-Clips-Audio-Archives-Podcasts-Free-to-try.htm) - shareware stream recorder that is good for scheduling
> online audio recordings (Windows 7,
> Vista, XP, XP, Server 2003; x32 or
> x64),
> * [Replay Media Catcher](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-video-stream/Replay-Media-Catcher-HTTP-RTMP-FLV-MP3-ripper-recorder.htm) - shareware stream recorder that can
> record audio from your sound card as
> well (Windows 7, Vista, XP, 2000,
> Server 2003),
> * [Ask & Record Toolbar](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-video-stream/Ask-Record-Toolbar-freeware-streaming-video-downloader-and-audio-recorder.htm) (Freeware) - sound recording program
> (Windows 7, Vista or XP)
> * [All Sound Recorder](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-audio-stream/All-Sound-Recorder-Vista-record-audio-without-Stereo-Mix-Wave-Out-Mix-What-U-Hear.htm) - shareware sound recording program with a
> scheduler (Windows Vista or 7)
>
>
> **Screencasting software allowing to record video with sound even if you
> don't have Stereo Mix/Wave-Out
> Mix/What U Hear**
>
>
> * [WM Capture](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-video-from-screen/WM-Capture-screen-video-capture-software-that-records-with-high-quality.htm) - shareware screen recorder that allows to record both
> audio and video (Windows 7, Vista or
> XP),
> * [Replay Video Capture](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-video-from-screen/Replay-Video-Capture-Make-high-quality-recordings-from-anything-you-see-on-PC-screen.htm) - shareware screen recorder that allows
> to record both audio and video
> (Windows 7, Vista or XP),
>
>
> **Virtual Sound Card software**
>
>
> * [Virtual Audio Cable](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-audio-stream/Virtual-Audio-Cable-virtual-sound-card-software-send-sound-from-one-application-to-another.htm) - shareware software that creates a
> virtual audio device (Windows 7,
> Vista, XP, 2003; x32 or x64)
> * [Virtual Audio Streaming](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-audio-stream/ShiningMorning-Virtual-Audio-Streaming-virtual-sound-card.htm) - shareware software that creates a
> virtual sound card (Windows 7, Vista;
> x32 or x64)
>
>
> As you can see, the programs work not
> only in Windows XP, but also in
> Windows Vista and Windows 7. In fact
> these programs can be the only way to
> record audio from your sound card.
>
>
> Freecorder4, Replay Music, Replay AV,
> Replay Video Capture, Replay Media
> Catcher, Ask&Recorder Toolbar, WM
> Capture use a **universal audio
> driver** allowing you to **record
> sound even on those computers that do
> NOT have a sound card!**
>
>
> | I do recommend using the Jack too as stated before but it would be a problem to keep changing the sound settings of your recording and playback device and chat at the same time, but if you need any software kindly search for this one "Many Cam Virtual Webcam 3.1.43" which play a role as a virtual Mic and Virtual Cam, I hope that would help! |
190,093 | In a chat session, whenever I want the other person to hear a pre-recorded voice, I need to play it on my speakers and use my microphone to capture it. How can I play MP3 files into the microphone input so that whenever I do a voice chat I could play the MP3 file in such a way that I am speaking through the microphone itself?
Operating system: XP Pro sp3 | 2010/09/18 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/190093",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/46669/"
] | If your sound card supports it, you can use the Stereo Mix audio input device to stream what comes out of your speakers to someone. You'd have to go into your application's settings (like Skype's settings) and change the audio input from "Integrated Microphone" (or something similar) to "Stereo Mix". | I have a solution that would serve your needs:
"MorhpVOX Pro" has an option to transmit your desired audio files through microphone and others can hear you aswell, so it would seem as if the music is playing (quality of the transmitted audio doesn't depend on your microphone) in the background.
The stereo mix option doesn't do exactly that, rather it will play all sounds you hear, so it doesn't serve the purpose you're looking for, bec it will play all the damn sounds, even others voices when they speak, so yeah... not good. |
190,093 | In a chat session, whenever I want the other person to hear a pre-recorded voice, I need to play it on my speakers and use my microphone to capture it. How can I play MP3 files into the microphone input so that whenever I do a voice chat I could play the MP3 file in such a way that I am speaking through the microphone itself?
Operating system: XP Pro sp3 | 2010/09/18 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/190093",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/46669/"
] | A simpler approach to your problem might be just to record your speakers.
To record anything that comes out of your speakers:
1. Right-click the volume icon and choose "Recording devices".
2. If you don't see "stereo mix": Right-click somewhere in the white
area of the recording box, and select "Show Disabled Devices".
3. If you now see "Stereo Mix": Right-click and enable it. Right-click any other recoding devices and select "disable". You should now be able to use any [recording software](http://stream-recorder.com/forum/missing-sound-recording-option-stereo-mix-record-t4876.html) you want.
4. If you still don't see "Stereo Mix": Search for an audio driver on the website of
the manufacturer of the audio card. You might be in luck and find a driver that shows "Stereo Mix".
5. If you still don't see "Stereo Mix":
The following thread has many explanations and workarounds :
[Missing sound recording option "Stereo Mix" / "Record What you hear" / "Waveout mix"](http://www.techsupportalert.com/best-free-streaming-media-recorder.htm).
>
> The problem is that you won't be able
> to enable the "Wave Out mix" ("Stereo
> Mix", "Record What you hear") on many
> computers with built-in sound cards.
> But you can use [software that doesn't
> need the "Wave Out mix"](http://stream-recorder.com/forum/showthread.php?t=5839) ("Stereo
> Mix", "Record What you hear")
> recording option to record audio from
> your sound card:
>
>
> **Direct sound recording software allowing to record audio without
> Stereo Mix/Wave-Out Mix/What U Hear**
>
>
> * [Freecorder](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-audio-stream/FreeCorder-Toolbar-Free-sound-recorder-software-Windows.htm) (Freeware) - sound recording program (Windows 7, Vista or
> XP),
> * [Replay Music](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-audio-stream/Replay-Music-record-any-web-radio-station-or-streaming-music-service.htm) - shareware sound recording program that can split and
> tag songs automatically (Windows 7,
> Vista, XP or 2000),
> * [Replay AV](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-video-stream/Replay-AV-capture-Streaming-Video-Audio-Radio-Shows-Online-TV-Broadcasts-Video-Clips-Audio-Archives-Podcasts-Free-to-try.htm) - shareware stream recorder that is good for scheduling
> online audio recordings (Windows 7,
> Vista, XP, XP, Server 2003; x32 or
> x64),
> * [Replay Media Catcher](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-video-stream/Replay-Media-Catcher-HTTP-RTMP-FLV-MP3-ripper-recorder.htm) - shareware stream recorder that can
> record audio from your sound card as
> well (Windows 7, Vista, XP, 2000,
> Server 2003),
> * [Ask & Record Toolbar](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-video-stream/Ask-Record-Toolbar-freeware-streaming-video-downloader-and-audio-recorder.htm) (Freeware) - sound recording program
> (Windows 7, Vista or XP)
> * [All Sound Recorder](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-audio-stream/All-Sound-Recorder-Vista-record-audio-without-Stereo-Mix-Wave-Out-Mix-What-U-Hear.htm) - shareware sound recording program with a
> scheduler (Windows Vista or 7)
>
>
> **Screencasting software allowing to record video with sound even if you
> don't have Stereo Mix/Wave-Out
> Mix/What U Hear**
>
>
> * [WM Capture](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-video-from-screen/WM-Capture-screen-video-capture-software-that-records-with-high-quality.htm) - shareware screen recorder that allows to record both
> audio and video (Windows 7, Vista or
> XP),
> * [Replay Video Capture](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-video-from-screen/Replay-Video-Capture-Make-high-quality-recordings-from-anything-you-see-on-PC-screen.htm) - shareware screen recorder that allows
> to record both audio and video
> (Windows 7, Vista or XP),
>
>
> **Virtual Sound Card software**
>
>
> * [Virtual Audio Cable](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-audio-stream/Virtual-Audio-Cable-virtual-sound-card-software-send-sound-from-one-application-to-another.htm) - shareware software that creates a
> virtual audio device (Windows 7,
> Vista, XP, 2003; x32 or x64)
> * [Virtual Audio Streaming](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-audio-stream/ShiningMorning-Virtual-Audio-Streaming-virtual-sound-card.htm) - shareware software that creates a
> virtual sound card (Windows 7, Vista;
> x32 or x64)
>
>
> As you can see, the programs work not
> only in Windows XP, but also in
> Windows Vista and Windows 7. In fact
> these programs can be the only way to
> record audio from your sound card.
>
>
> Freecorder4, Replay Music, Replay AV,
> Replay Video Capture, Replay Media
> Catcher, Ask&Recorder Toolbar, WM
> Capture use a **universal audio
> driver** allowing you to **record
> sound even on those computers that do
> NOT have a sound card!**
>
>
> | I have a solution that would serve your needs:
"MorhpVOX Pro" has an option to transmit your desired audio files through microphone and others can hear you aswell, so it would seem as if the music is playing (quality of the transmitted audio doesn't depend on your microphone) in the background.
The stereo mix option doesn't do exactly that, rather it will play all sounds you hear, so it doesn't serve the purpose you're looking for, bec it will play all the damn sounds, even others voices when they speak, so yeah... not good. |
190,093 | In a chat session, whenever I want the other person to hear a pre-recorded voice, I need to play it on my speakers and use my microphone to capture it. How can I play MP3 files into the microphone input so that whenever I do a voice chat I could play the MP3 file in such a way that I am speaking through the microphone itself?
Operating system: XP Pro sp3 | 2010/09/18 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/190093",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/46669/"
] | If your sound card supports it, you can use the Stereo Mix audio input device to stream what comes out of your speakers to someone. You'd have to go into your application's settings (like Skype's settings) and change the audio input from "Integrated Microphone" (or something similar) to "Stereo Mix". | I do recommend using the Jack too as stated before but it would be a problem to keep changing the sound settings of your recording and playback device and chat at the same time, but if you need any software kindly search for this one "Many Cam Virtual Webcam 3.1.43" which play a role as a virtual Mic and Virtual Cam, I hope that would help! |
190,093 | In a chat session, whenever I want the other person to hear a pre-recorded voice, I need to play it on my speakers and use my microphone to capture it. How can I play MP3 files into the microphone input so that whenever I do a voice chat I could play the MP3 file in such a way that I am speaking through the microphone itself?
Operating system: XP Pro sp3 | 2010/09/18 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/190093",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/46669/"
] | A simpler approach to your problem might be just to record your speakers.
To record anything that comes out of your speakers:
1. Right-click the volume icon and choose "Recording devices".
2. If you don't see "stereo mix": Right-click somewhere in the white
area of the recording box, and select "Show Disabled Devices".
3. If you now see "Stereo Mix": Right-click and enable it. Right-click any other recoding devices and select "disable". You should now be able to use any [recording software](http://stream-recorder.com/forum/missing-sound-recording-option-stereo-mix-record-t4876.html) you want.
4. If you still don't see "Stereo Mix": Search for an audio driver on the website of
the manufacturer of the audio card. You might be in luck and find a driver that shows "Stereo Mix".
5. If you still don't see "Stereo Mix":
The following thread has many explanations and workarounds :
[Missing sound recording option "Stereo Mix" / "Record What you hear" / "Waveout mix"](http://www.techsupportalert.com/best-free-streaming-media-recorder.htm).
>
> The problem is that you won't be able
> to enable the "Wave Out mix" ("Stereo
> Mix", "Record What you hear") on many
> computers with built-in sound cards.
> But you can use [software that doesn't
> need the "Wave Out mix"](http://stream-recorder.com/forum/showthread.php?t=5839) ("Stereo
> Mix", "Record What you hear")
> recording option to record audio from
> your sound card:
>
>
> **Direct sound recording software allowing to record audio without
> Stereo Mix/Wave-Out Mix/What U Hear**
>
>
> * [Freecorder](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-audio-stream/FreeCorder-Toolbar-Free-sound-recorder-software-Windows.htm) (Freeware) - sound recording program (Windows 7, Vista or
> XP),
> * [Replay Music](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-audio-stream/Replay-Music-record-any-web-radio-station-or-streaming-music-service.htm) - shareware sound recording program that can split and
> tag songs automatically (Windows 7,
> Vista, XP or 2000),
> * [Replay AV](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-video-stream/Replay-AV-capture-Streaming-Video-Audio-Radio-Shows-Online-TV-Broadcasts-Video-Clips-Audio-Archives-Podcasts-Free-to-try.htm) - shareware stream recorder that is good for scheduling
> online audio recordings (Windows 7,
> Vista, XP, XP, Server 2003; x32 or
> x64),
> * [Replay Media Catcher](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-video-stream/Replay-Media-Catcher-HTTP-RTMP-FLV-MP3-ripper-recorder.htm) - shareware stream recorder that can
> record audio from your sound card as
> well (Windows 7, Vista, XP, 2000,
> Server 2003),
> * [Ask & Record Toolbar](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-video-stream/Ask-Record-Toolbar-freeware-streaming-video-downloader-and-audio-recorder.htm) (Freeware) - sound recording program
> (Windows 7, Vista or XP)
> * [All Sound Recorder](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-audio-stream/All-Sound-Recorder-Vista-record-audio-without-Stereo-Mix-Wave-Out-Mix-What-U-Hear.htm) - shareware sound recording program with a
> scheduler (Windows Vista or 7)
>
>
> **Screencasting software allowing to record video with sound even if you
> don't have Stereo Mix/Wave-Out
> Mix/What U Hear**
>
>
> * [WM Capture](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-video-from-screen/WM-Capture-screen-video-capture-software-that-records-with-high-quality.htm) - shareware screen recorder that allows to record both
> audio and video (Windows 7, Vista or
> XP),
> * [Replay Video Capture](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-video-from-screen/Replay-Video-Capture-Make-high-quality-recordings-from-anything-you-see-on-PC-screen.htm) - shareware screen recorder that allows
> to record both audio and video
> (Windows 7, Vista or XP),
>
>
> **Virtual Sound Card software**
>
>
> * [Virtual Audio Cable](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-audio-stream/Virtual-Audio-Cable-virtual-sound-card-software-send-sound-from-one-application-to-another.htm) - shareware software that creates a
> virtual audio device (Windows 7,
> Vista, XP, 2003; x32 or x64)
> * [Virtual Audio Streaming](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-audio-stream/ShiningMorning-Virtual-Audio-Streaming-virtual-sound-card.htm) - shareware software that creates a
> virtual sound card (Windows 7, Vista;
> x32 or x64)
>
>
> As you can see, the programs work not
> only in Windows XP, but also in
> Windows Vista and Windows 7. In fact
> these programs can be the only way to
> record audio from your sound card.
>
>
> Freecorder4, Replay Music, Replay AV,
> Replay Video Capture, Replay Media
> Catcher, Ask&Recorder Toolbar, WM
> Capture use a **universal audio
> driver** allowing you to **record
> sound even on those computers that do
> NOT have a sound card!**
>
>
> | You can use the jack and then go into the settings of the microphone you use to talk and set it to hear yourself and voila! Everyone talking to you will hear the music and you talk at the same time! If you don't want to hear yourself then you may have to sacrifice that part. |
190,093 | In a chat session, whenever I want the other person to hear a pre-recorded voice, I need to play it on my speakers and use my microphone to capture it. How can I play MP3 files into the microphone input so that whenever I do a voice chat I could play the MP3 file in such a way that I am speaking through the microphone itself?
Operating system: XP Pro sp3 | 2010/09/18 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/190093",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/46669/"
] | @Rook has a point...but if that doesn't work or suit you, here is what I suggest.
I would take a regular 3.5 mm stereo cable ([see here on Amazon.com](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/B00021ENXM)), plug one end into the headphone jack of your computer (the output) and then plug the other end into your microphone (input) port. Then set the source to be the microphone jack, and just play the MP3 with your favorite music program (Zune software, Windows Media Player, WinAmp, etc) and that should do the trick....
You could also just get your MP3 player, plug one end (output) into the headphone jack of the MP3 player, and the other end into the microphone (input) jack...that will do the same thing... | I do recommend using the Jack too as stated before but it would be a problem to keep changing the sound settings of your recording and playback device and chat at the same time, but if you need any software kindly search for this one "Many Cam Virtual Webcam 3.1.43" which play a role as a virtual Mic and Virtual Cam, I hope that would help! |
190,093 | In a chat session, whenever I want the other person to hear a pre-recorded voice, I need to play it on my speakers and use my microphone to capture it. How can I play MP3 files into the microphone input so that whenever I do a voice chat I could play the MP3 file in such a way that I am speaking through the microphone itself?
Operating system: XP Pro sp3 | 2010/09/18 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/190093",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/46669/"
] | A simpler approach to your problem might be just to record your speakers.
To record anything that comes out of your speakers:
1. Right-click the volume icon and choose "Recording devices".
2. If you don't see "stereo mix": Right-click somewhere in the white
area of the recording box, and select "Show Disabled Devices".
3. If you now see "Stereo Mix": Right-click and enable it. Right-click any other recoding devices and select "disable". You should now be able to use any [recording software](http://stream-recorder.com/forum/missing-sound-recording-option-stereo-mix-record-t4876.html) you want.
4. If you still don't see "Stereo Mix": Search for an audio driver on the website of
the manufacturer of the audio card. You might be in luck and find a driver that shows "Stereo Mix".
5. If you still don't see "Stereo Mix":
The following thread has many explanations and workarounds :
[Missing sound recording option "Stereo Mix" / "Record What you hear" / "Waveout mix"](http://www.techsupportalert.com/best-free-streaming-media-recorder.htm).
>
> The problem is that you won't be able
> to enable the "Wave Out mix" ("Stereo
> Mix", "Record What you hear") on many
> computers with built-in sound cards.
> But you can use [software that doesn't
> need the "Wave Out mix"](http://stream-recorder.com/forum/showthread.php?t=5839) ("Stereo
> Mix", "Record What you hear")
> recording option to record audio from
> your sound card:
>
>
> **Direct sound recording software allowing to record audio without
> Stereo Mix/Wave-Out Mix/What U Hear**
>
>
> * [Freecorder](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-audio-stream/FreeCorder-Toolbar-Free-sound-recorder-software-Windows.htm) (Freeware) - sound recording program (Windows 7, Vista or
> XP),
> * [Replay Music](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-audio-stream/Replay-Music-record-any-web-radio-station-or-streaming-music-service.htm) - shareware sound recording program that can split and
> tag songs automatically (Windows 7,
> Vista, XP or 2000),
> * [Replay AV](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-video-stream/Replay-AV-capture-Streaming-Video-Audio-Radio-Shows-Online-TV-Broadcasts-Video-Clips-Audio-Archives-Podcasts-Free-to-try.htm) - shareware stream recorder that is good for scheduling
> online audio recordings (Windows 7,
> Vista, XP, XP, Server 2003; x32 or
> x64),
> * [Replay Media Catcher](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-video-stream/Replay-Media-Catcher-HTTP-RTMP-FLV-MP3-ripper-recorder.htm) - shareware stream recorder that can
> record audio from your sound card as
> well (Windows 7, Vista, XP, 2000,
> Server 2003),
> * [Ask & Record Toolbar](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-video-stream/Ask-Record-Toolbar-freeware-streaming-video-downloader-and-audio-recorder.htm) (Freeware) - sound recording program
> (Windows 7, Vista or XP)
> * [All Sound Recorder](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-audio-stream/All-Sound-Recorder-Vista-record-audio-without-Stereo-Mix-Wave-Out-Mix-What-U-Hear.htm) - shareware sound recording program with a
> scheduler (Windows Vista or 7)
>
>
> **Screencasting software allowing to record video with sound even if you
> don't have Stereo Mix/Wave-Out
> Mix/What U Hear**
>
>
> * [WM Capture](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-video-from-screen/WM-Capture-screen-video-capture-software-that-records-with-high-quality.htm) - shareware screen recorder that allows to record both
> audio and video (Windows 7, Vista or
> XP),
> * [Replay Video Capture](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-video-from-screen/Replay-Video-Capture-Make-high-quality-recordings-from-anything-you-see-on-PC-screen.htm) - shareware screen recorder that allows
> to record both audio and video
> (Windows 7, Vista or XP),
>
>
> **Virtual Sound Card software**
>
>
> * [Virtual Audio Cable](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-audio-stream/Virtual-Audio-Cable-virtual-sound-card-software-send-sound-from-one-application-to-another.htm) - shareware software that creates a
> virtual audio device (Windows 7,
> Vista, XP, 2003; x32 or x64)
> * [Virtual Audio Streaming](http://all-streaming-media.com/record-audio-stream/ShiningMorning-Virtual-Audio-Streaming-virtual-sound-card.htm) - shareware software that creates a
> virtual sound card (Windows 7, Vista;
> x32 or x64)
>
>
> As you can see, the programs work not
> only in Windows XP, but also in
> Windows Vista and Windows 7. In fact
> these programs can be the only way to
> record audio from your sound card.
>
>
> Freecorder4, Replay Music, Replay AV,
> Replay Video Capture, Replay Media
> Catcher, Ask&Recorder Toolbar, WM
> Capture use a **universal audio
> driver** allowing you to **record
> sound even on those computers that do
> NOT have a sound card!**
>
>
> | If your sound card supports it, you can use the Stereo Mix audio input device to stream what comes out of your speakers to someone. You'd have to go into your application's settings (like Skype's settings) and change the audio input from "Integrated Microphone" (or something similar) to "Stereo Mix". |
190,093 | In a chat session, whenever I want the other person to hear a pre-recorded voice, I need to play it on my speakers and use my microphone to capture it. How can I play MP3 files into the microphone input so that whenever I do a voice chat I could play the MP3 file in such a way that I am speaking through the microphone itself?
Operating system: XP Pro sp3 | 2010/09/18 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/190093",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/46669/"
] | The most reliable way to accomplish this is to use the Windows Mixer to change your recording source.
1. In Windows XP, open the mixer (Windows+R "sndvol32").
2. Go to Options > Properties.
3. Change the radio button from Playback to Recording.
OR, if Recording is grayed out, your sound driver enumerates the recording properties on a different device - change the Mixer Device at the top. On my laptop, it's "Realtek HD Audio input."
4. You should see some options like Line, Mic, Stereo Mix (or "What-U-Hear" if you have a Creative Labs device). Make sure they are all checked.
5. Say OK, and in the mixer, you can now select your recording source with the checkboxes along the bottom.
6. Change it to the Stereo Mix/What-U-Hear/etc. option. | I do recommend using the Jack too as stated before but it would be a problem to keep changing the sound settings of your recording and playback device and chat at the same time, but if you need any software kindly search for this one "Many Cam Virtual Webcam 3.1.43" which play a role as a virtual Mic and Virtual Cam, I hope that would help! |
7,675 | Is there a function to keep draft before submitting a question?
If there is not, could you consider to implement it? | 2014/02/11 | [
"https://meta.superuser.com/questions/7675",
"https://meta.superuser.com",
"https://meta.superuser.com/users/291968/"
] | You can post your question and delete it right away. Then edit and undelete it later.
Ultimately, it's best to simply use a Markdown editor on your computer and post the final result when you're done. | As long as you don't delete it, SE seems to do some sort of autosaving automatically. I had a unposted, nonsense post follow me across systems. If you want to ask *multiple* questions as drafts, you have an issue, but as long as you're logged in, your partially asked question will follow you around. |
7,675 | Is there a function to keep draft before submitting a question?
If there is not, could you consider to implement it? | 2014/02/11 | [
"https://meta.superuser.com/questions/7675",
"https://meta.superuser.com",
"https://meta.superuser.com/users/291968/"
] | You can post your question and delete it right away. Then edit and undelete it later.
Ultimately, it's best to simply use a Markdown editor on your computer and post the final result when you're done. | >
> Is there a function to keep draft before submitting a question?
>
>
>
Not yet, I am afraid. However as long as you do not delete it, there would be a temporary memory in our browser. One of the alternative solution is to use editor, eg. <https://stackedit.io/>
>
> If there is not, could you consider to implement it?
>
>
>
I hope the Stack overflow developer can consider this brilliant idea. I should think more to post the question when it is not ready. Presumably it will leads to down vote.
Keep inspiring! |
7,675 | Is there a function to keep draft before submitting a question?
If there is not, could you consider to implement it? | 2014/02/11 | [
"https://meta.superuser.com/questions/7675",
"https://meta.superuser.com",
"https://meta.superuser.com/users/291968/"
] | As long as you don't delete it, SE seems to do some sort of autosaving automatically. I had a unposted, nonsense post follow me across systems. If you want to ask *multiple* questions as drafts, you have an issue, but as long as you're logged in, your partially asked question will follow you around. | >
> Is there a function to keep draft before submitting a question?
>
>
>
Not yet, I am afraid. However as long as you do not delete it, there would be a temporary memory in our browser. One of the alternative solution is to use editor, eg. <https://stackedit.io/>
>
> If there is not, could you consider to implement it?
>
>
>
I hope the Stack overflow developer can consider this brilliant idea. I should think more to post the question when it is not ready. Presumably it will leads to down vote.
Keep inspiring! |
171,766 | I have some awful problems with editing picture and table captions in a paper I'm working on. Maybe some native speaker could give me a hand. One of the captions is for example:
Figure 14. The dynamics of crime in X. **A** causal chain.
It's under a diagram with which I want to explain the dynamics of crime in X - the diagram presents a causal chain.
Should it be "A causal chain" or just "Causal chain"? | 2014/05/20 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/171766",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/76776/"
] | OK then -- following your clarifications, I suggest these possibilities:
>
> Figure 14. The dynamics of crime in X: a causal chain.
>
>
>
(As a typical example of such a chain)
>
> Figure 14. The dynamics of crime in X: the causal chain.
>
>
>
(Refers exclusively to the causal chain in X). | To be clearer, state the relationship between "crime in X" and "causal chain" in your caption, and use a full sentence. For example:
>
> Figure 14. The dynamics of crime in X represent a causal chain.
>
>
>
or
>
> Figure 14. A causal chain showing the dynamics of crime in X.
>
>
> |
2,523,432 | Is there way in jetpack(mozilla's extension development framework) , to find the the visited links in a page?
BTW: jquery's a:visited works in firebug , but not in jetpack. i'm guessing
it's part of jetpack's security. | 2010/03/26 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2523432",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/177674/"
] | I had a similar problem and you cannot avoid having overlapped icons regardless the method to mark some icons as high-priority.
What I did(it might not be easy to apply in your case - in my case the map was rendered in a desktop application, with much more control above the rendering process) was to sort based on priority, and paint only markers which are not overlapping - showing also a message like "XXX overlapping markers removed". This way the user doesn't become overwhelmed with information and he still sees the most important information.
I hope this helps. | Not sure I understand completely, but perhaps you can assign each layer a "neighborhood density," based on the inverse of the average distance from each point to its closest neighbor. For a particular zoom level, you would calculate a maximum density that is comfortably viewable and use that as a threshold. |
2,523,432 | Is there way in jetpack(mozilla's extension development framework) , to find the the visited links in a page?
BTW: jquery's a:visited works in firebug , but not in jetpack. i'm guessing
it's part of jetpack's security. | 2010/03/26 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2523432",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/177674/"
] | I had a similar problem and you cannot avoid having overlapped icons regardless the method to mark some icons as high-priority.
What I did(it might not be easy to apply in your case - in my case the map was rendered in a desktop application, with much more control above the rendering process) was to sort based on priority, and paint only markers which are not overlapping - showing also a message like "XXX overlapping markers removed". This way the user doesn't become overwhelmed with information and he still sees the most important information.
I hope this helps. | I have some experience in designing a map application from scratch I would recommend you to split the entire world into 16 zoom levels. Zoom Level 0 should show the entire world and Zoom level 15 should cover the street data.
Typically, you would have to use the zoom levels 0 to 3 to have boundaries of the countries. And each zoom level should have a zoom range of 1/4th of the previous zoom range. You can have a zoom to table map (assuming you are using a database to store the spatial related data). Once you define the zoom levels and the range of the zoom levels to table mapping you can have finer control on querying the data. And its recommended to construct a [R-Tree](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R-tree) indexing for your map data.
Each and everytime you get a layer/table (assuming a layer can be either a country boundary or a railway track or a street), its advisable to define a zoom level by yourself instead of spending time in finding an algorithm since the number of layers are not going to be huge.
I can keep going, but if you want specific answers, I can address them as well. |
27,105,481 | I'd like to add a task on the App Engine Task Queue, but only if it hasn't been enqueued before. How can I check whether its already in queue or not? Wasn't obvious from the task queue API, but maybe I missed it. They key to the task (param?) would be user\_id.
Use case: I keep checking for new messages every minute. This needs to happen very frequently. However, sometimes there are other jobs in this queue (they all need to be part of the same queue because they are using an external service, Gmail API, which has a rate limit of 10 qps, which I can only guarantee by rate limiting the queue). When these heavy processes run, they backlog the queue. To avoid this, I'd like to check whether a incremental-fetch task has previously been enqueued, and only enqueue if it hasn't. What is the best practice to achieve something like this? | 2014/11/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/27105481",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2448805/"
] | You can use [task names](https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/java/taskqueue/#Java_Task_names) for this purpose. | I would add a [tag to the task](https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/python/taskqueue/tasks#Task_tag) then do a [lease\_task\_by\_tag](https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/python/taskqueue/queues#Queue_lease_tasks_by_tag) with a lease\_seconds set to 0. If its empty then I can safely create a new one. |
31,030 | I have heard that traditional dresses are better for so many people. But each culture has it's own version of traditional. I am a convert; I have been told that Pakistani garments are more modest, that Afghani garments are more modest, that Saudi garments are more modest etc etc.
But they say it is inappropriate for women to wear things that are in their culture men would wear only, like pants from Pakistani culture (though it is traditional for them, women have only worn pants in the west for under a century).
I can not wear thin silks and light cottons in northern Alberta; it seems very non-practical and false of me to wear the garments of other cultures, yet our imam seems to think that more traditional garments are better.
I am thinking a petition in our local mosque encouraging Muslim women who are new to Canada to dress warmly instead of freezing in their cultural clothes with a used winter coat collection for those in need; this has nothing to do with showing skin or not wearing hijab. How would I go about convincing those in need to dress for the cold, so they don't get sick or have to suffer? | 2016/04/29 | [
"https://islam.stackexchange.com/questions/31030",
"https://islam.stackexchange.com",
"https://islam.stackexchange.com/users/16647/"
] | In Islam, both men and women are obligated to dress modestly and protect their chastity. There is no restrictions on what they wear as long as they dress according to the principles of Islam. You won't get any extra rewards for wearing a Pakistani dress or Saudi dress. There is no distinction between cultural dresses (Afghani dresses, Pakistani dresses, Saudi dresses) and simply modest dresses in Islam. | Obviously some cultural dress is designed for the climate of that country e.g. Shalwar kameez of Pakistan/India is thin (but not see through to avoid breaking one of the conditions of hijaab) and loose so is suitable for hot climate as well as covering the flesh. Of course a non Muslim would wear less clothing and expose more body in hot weather whereas we have to cover the 'awrah regardless of temperature.
Now for older climates you can get shalwar kameez made of thicker material or wear legging under it and a coat and scarf etc.
The problem some husbands may have if the wife wears say shalwar kameez in the house she isn't looking sexy enough and he may want her to wear more tight fitting clothes and expose more skin like western dress and she may be so accustomed to PK dress she finds that hard. If they are alone in the house this is fine but with kids who aren't babies anymore or mahram / close family members whom she can never ever marry such a father, son, brother, nephew, uncle, grandson, she shouldn't wear such western dress which is revealing. Of course in private in bedroom wear whatever or nothing if they are comfortable!
It is frustrating for husbands to go to the office and see their western women colleagues in tight skirts and blouses and "keep eyes down" but go home and find their wives in loose modest dress when she CAN wear more skimpy revealing dress with no other mahram present or kids say older than 5. |
31,030 | I have heard that traditional dresses are better for so many people. But each culture has it's own version of traditional. I am a convert; I have been told that Pakistani garments are more modest, that Afghani garments are more modest, that Saudi garments are more modest etc etc.
But they say it is inappropriate for women to wear things that are in their culture men would wear only, like pants from Pakistani culture (though it is traditional for them, women have only worn pants in the west for under a century).
I can not wear thin silks and light cottons in northern Alberta; it seems very non-practical and false of me to wear the garments of other cultures, yet our imam seems to think that more traditional garments are better.
I am thinking a petition in our local mosque encouraging Muslim women who are new to Canada to dress warmly instead of freezing in their cultural clothes with a used winter coat collection for those in need; this has nothing to do with showing skin or not wearing hijab. How would I go about convincing those in need to dress for the cold, so they don't get sick or have to suffer? | 2016/04/29 | [
"https://islam.stackexchange.com/questions/31030",
"https://islam.stackexchange.com",
"https://islam.stackexchange.com/users/16647/"
] | In Islam, both men and women are obligated to dress modestly and protect their chastity. There is no restrictions on what they wear as long as they dress according to the principles of Islam. You won't get any extra rewards for wearing a Pakistani dress or Saudi dress. There is no distinction between cultural dresses (Afghani dresses, Pakistani dresses, Saudi dresses) and simply modest dresses in Islam. | The Islamic injunction on dress is simply to drew modestly. There is no injunction on the exact form of dress. Thus, how you interpret this, is entirely upto you.
Most people I know who wear traditional Islamic clothes were born in the subcontinent and immigrated to Britain; and given the climate, they just wear sensible British coats when it's cold over their usual clothing. |
31,030 | I have heard that traditional dresses are better for so many people. But each culture has it's own version of traditional. I am a convert; I have been told that Pakistani garments are more modest, that Afghani garments are more modest, that Saudi garments are more modest etc etc.
But they say it is inappropriate for women to wear things that are in their culture men would wear only, like pants from Pakistani culture (though it is traditional for them, women have only worn pants in the west for under a century).
I can not wear thin silks and light cottons in northern Alberta; it seems very non-practical and false of me to wear the garments of other cultures, yet our imam seems to think that more traditional garments are better.
I am thinking a petition in our local mosque encouraging Muslim women who are new to Canada to dress warmly instead of freezing in their cultural clothes with a used winter coat collection for those in need; this has nothing to do with showing skin or not wearing hijab. How would I go about convincing those in need to dress for the cold, so they don't get sick or have to suffer? | 2016/04/29 | [
"https://islam.stackexchange.com/questions/31030",
"https://islam.stackexchange.com",
"https://islam.stackexchange.com/users/16647/"
] | Obviously some cultural dress is designed for the climate of that country e.g. Shalwar kameez of Pakistan/India is thin (but not see through to avoid breaking one of the conditions of hijaab) and loose so is suitable for hot climate as well as covering the flesh. Of course a non Muslim would wear less clothing and expose more body in hot weather whereas we have to cover the 'awrah regardless of temperature.
Now for older climates you can get shalwar kameez made of thicker material or wear legging under it and a coat and scarf etc.
The problem some husbands may have if the wife wears say shalwar kameez in the house she isn't looking sexy enough and he may want her to wear more tight fitting clothes and expose more skin like western dress and she may be so accustomed to PK dress she finds that hard. If they are alone in the house this is fine but with kids who aren't babies anymore or mahram / close family members whom she can never ever marry such a father, son, brother, nephew, uncle, grandson, she shouldn't wear such western dress which is revealing. Of course in private in bedroom wear whatever or nothing if they are comfortable!
It is frustrating for husbands to go to the office and see their western women colleagues in tight skirts and blouses and "keep eyes down" but go home and find their wives in loose modest dress when she CAN wear more skimpy revealing dress with no other mahram present or kids say older than 5. | The Islamic injunction on dress is simply to drew modestly. There is no injunction on the exact form of dress. Thus, how you interpret this, is entirely upto you.
Most people I know who wear traditional Islamic clothes were born in the subcontinent and immigrated to Britain; and given the climate, they just wear sensible British coats when it's cold over their usual clothing. |
17,409 | Nature is one of our greatest teachers. We often see things that are not so perfect, but we've learned to accept and respect them, and yes, I believe we are here to learn and to tolerate. My question: Is it okay to have sex merely for pleasure? Logically, the sexual organs are there for reproduction but over the years people have learned how to make it an entertainment. How does the teaching of Islam address this? Should we abstain from abuse and respect more the creative function? | 2014/09/08 | [
"https://islam.stackexchange.com/questions/17409",
"https://islam.stackexchange.com",
"https://islam.stackexchange.com/users/8477/"
] | First of all you need to know that according to islam, we are made to get attracted to opposite sex and have sex with each other, so that the human race can continue.
So imagine, if there is no pleasure,then why would anyone have sex? ofcourse no one will. So Allah has made us in this way that we naturally enjoy sex a lot, and as a result, human race continues.
Islam does not discourage us from having sex, but it only regulates that how,when and with whom you can do it without any limits (ofourse with certain exceptions). Islam says that you have to have sex only with your wife only, and enjoy as much as you can. the wisdom behind this point is that islam is made to make the system of society strong. So if man has sex with anyone JUST for enjoyment, then there wont be any single family, but Chaos. Imagine one man makes multiple women pregnant, and does not care about taking care of of mother and child, so who will take of them? no one. they are left alone like garbage and mother alone has to take care of all the responsibilities. So in islam, it is job of man to keep the FAMILY unit strong. keep the marriage healthy and keep his sexual relationship to only his wife, to no one else.
Also, if he merely has sex for enjoyment,then in case a woman gets emotional attached to him, (as she is not his wife) she cannot claim or force him to love her back and take care of her.
Hope i answer the question. | Islam actually encourages marrying someone quickly if you want to have sex with them. There is kind of a taboo in the Western world to marry without much thought, yet little taboo to having casual sex. Islam encourages taking responsibility for the results of having sex.
The negative effects of sex isn't just about procreation. It is very intimate and brings a lot of social attachment. You don't just have sex with someone and leave them; people make a big deal about losing their virginity because it changes their mentality forever.
Yes, you can have sex for fun, but only with a spouse. Show them respect by marrying them. Islam allows polygamy for those who choose that path, but if you don't like the idea of polygamy, just don't do it.
Once you get married, you are encouraged to have as much fun with your spouse as you can. |
17,409 | Nature is one of our greatest teachers. We often see things that are not so perfect, but we've learned to accept and respect them, and yes, I believe we are here to learn and to tolerate. My question: Is it okay to have sex merely for pleasure? Logically, the sexual organs are there for reproduction but over the years people have learned how to make it an entertainment. How does the teaching of Islam address this? Should we abstain from abuse and respect more the creative function? | 2014/09/08 | [
"https://islam.stackexchange.com/questions/17409",
"https://islam.stackexchange.com",
"https://islam.stackexchange.com/users/8477/"
] | Islam doesn't prohibit having sexual relations with your legal spouses. If you engage in sex merelely for pleasure within the bounds of marriage under legal conditions(no forcing) then it is not a sin, because otherwise satan could use your desire against you. This is a good thing as long as not done in excess, because **it protects your and your spouses modesty as is said in Quran ...spouses are clothes to each other...** , and prevents/decreases social evils against women such as rape.
Also from deductions from Ahadith it isn't bad, but overdoing is highly opposed.
*Some points from Quran*
**Surah muminu:n\*(1) = Successfull indeed are the believers.**
**Surah muminu:n(5,6) = And Those who guard their modesty. Except from their Wives and those who their right hand possess, In such a case they are free from blame.**
**" \*muminu:n = Believers"** | Islam actually encourages marrying someone quickly if you want to have sex with them. There is kind of a taboo in the Western world to marry without much thought, yet little taboo to having casual sex. Islam encourages taking responsibility for the results of having sex.
The negative effects of sex isn't just about procreation. It is very intimate and brings a lot of social attachment. You don't just have sex with someone and leave them; people make a big deal about losing their virginity because it changes their mentality forever.
Yes, you can have sex for fun, but only with a spouse. Show them respect by marrying them. Islam allows polygamy for those who choose that path, but if you don't like the idea of polygamy, just don't do it.
Once you get married, you are encouraged to have as much fun with your spouse as you can. |
127,951 | I would like to show a default value if the user doesn't fill in a field in the user profile.
For example:
I have a Hair type field. If the user fills it in, i would like the following output:
**Hair type: long.**
It is already working. If the user doesn't fill in the field, i would like the following output:
**Hair type: Not specified.**
I use Display Suite to display the user profile. I don't want to set a default value to the field, because i just want to show the Not specified value on the user profile page.
Which contrib modules or hooks can i use to solve this problem? | 2014/08/27 | [
"https://drupal.stackexchange.com/questions/127951",
"https://drupal.stackexchange.com",
"https://drupal.stackexchange.com/users/19673/"
] | You can use [hook\_node\_view\_alter](https://api.drupal.org/api/drupal/modules%21node%21node.api.php/function/hook_node_view_alter/7) to alter the build array. This is a [render array](https://www.drupal.org/node/930760) so this should be an easy way to update the data. | Sorry, this sentence doesn't make sense to me:
"I use Display Suite to display the user profile. I don't want to set a default value to the field, because i just want to show the Not specified value on the user profile page."
I think Krishna Mohan answered your question. |
8,788 | I have a 3inch Newtonian reflector telescope with 300 mm focal length. I can use highest magnification of 75x using a 4mm eyepiece. But in 75x I can't see the details of Jupiter what was expected. Instead I see a little blurry image. Now I would like to know how much magnification is necessary to see a good details of Jupiter and other planets. And one more question: Is there any way to improve the vision of my 3 inch telescope? | 2015/02/06 | [
"https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/questions/8788",
"https://astronomy.stackexchange.com",
"https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/users/1441/"
] | You're probably asking the wrong question - which I am going to answer anyway, and after that I am going to answer the question you should have asked instead.
---
As a general rule, there isn't much point in pushing the magnification above 2x the diameter of the instrument, measured in mm. 3 inch, that's 75mm, that's 150x max. Beyond that limit, even under ideal skies the image is large but blurry.
After that, [seeing (or air turbulence)](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_seeing) pushes that limit further down. Your aperture is small enough that it almost never suffers from seeing, but larger instruments are often affected. It varies greatly with time, place and season. There are times when a 12" dobsonian, that in theory could do 600x, is clamped down by seeing to 150 ... 180x. There are times when you could take a 20" dobsonian all the way up to 1000x - but that's very, VERY rare, it's the stuff of legends.
Assuming average seeing conditions and instruments of usual size (refractors of 3...4" aperture, reflectors 6" or larger), here are some rules of thumb:
Jupiter is seen best under mid-high magnification. It's rare that more than 200x is beneficial. This is because it's a very low contrast object, and additional magnification comes at the cost of less contrast, which makes things worse.
Saturn works best at high-ish magnification, bit more than Jupiter but maybe not much more. Around 200 ... 250x usually works. It depends on what you do - if you're trying to see the ring divisions, push it a bit higher.
Mars can use the highest magnification that you could generate, given the instrument and the conditions. It's a very small object, contrast is not bad, so crank it all the way up. Most instruments are limited by seeing when observing Mars.
Moon is the same as Mars.
As you can see, magnification is never an issue for you. More magnification will not make it better. In fact, more magnification always means the image is more blurry, not more crisp - it's always a compromise between size and blurriness that decides the optimal magnification.
Don't worry, everyone begins thinking that more is always better. Soon enough, experience shows them what's really going on.
---
That being said, I believe it's not magnification that's giving you trouble, but the general condition of the optical stack that you're using. These are things that are extremely important, and yet are ignored by many, many amateurs - and the results are not optimal. Here are a few things that you should investigate:
**Collimation**
Is your scope collimated? In other words, are all optical elements aligned on the same axis? The likely answer is no. It makes a huge difference in the scope's performance, especially for planets. Here's a collimated scope, compared to the same scope out of collimation:
Further information on [Thierry Legault's site](http://www.astrophoto.fr/collim.html), which is extremely informative.
A series of articles and documents regarding collimation:
<http://www.cloudynights.com/documents/primer.pdf>
[Gary Seronik: A Beginner’s Guide to Collimation](http://garyseronik.com/a-beginners-guide-to-collimation/ "A Beginner’s Guide to Collimation")
[Gary Seronik: Collimation Tools: What You Need and What You Don’t](http://garyseronik.com/collimation-tools-what-you-need-what-you-dont/ "Gary Seronik: Collimation Tools: What You Need and What You Don’t")
[Gary Seronik: No-Tools Telescope Collimation](http://garyseronik.com/no-tools-telescope-collimation/ "No-Tools Telescope Collimation")
Note: Some telescopes (e.g. pretty much all refractors) do not require collimation; they are collimated from factory and hold collimation pretty well. But most reflectors (SCTs, all newtonians including dobsonians, etc) do require this periodic maintenance.
**Thermal equilibrium**
At 3" aperture, this is probably not a big issue, but there's no reason why you should add another problem to the existing ones. Your scope should be at the same temperature as the air around it, otherwise its performance decreases. Take it outside 1 hour before you start observing, and that should be enough for you.
Larger telescopes (around 10" ... 12" and larger) should use active ventilation for better cooling (a fan on the back of the mirror). More details here:
[Gary Seronik: Beat the Heat: Conquering Newtonian Reflector Thermals — Part 1](http://garyseronik.com/beat-the-heat-conquering-newtonian-reflector-thermals-part-1/ "Beat the Heat: Conquering Newtonian Reflector Thermals — Part 1")
[Gary Seronik: Beat the Heat: Conquering Newtonian Reflector Thermals — Part 2](http://garyseronik.com/beat-the-heat-conquering-newtonian-reflector-thermals-part-2/ "Beat the Heat: Conquering Newtonian Reflector Thermals — Part 2")
In your case, simple passive cooling for 1 hour should be enough, but it's worth reading those articles.
**Focal ratio**
A 3" scope, at 300mm focal length, that's an f/4 instrument. That's a pretty steep f/ ratio. Most eyepieces will not do well with such a blunt cone of light, and will start to exhibit aberrations that blur the image. Only very expensive eyepieces work well at such low focal ratios - things like TeleVue Ethos, or Explore Scientific 82 degree eyepieces.
Try and keep the planet in the center - most aberrations are lower there. Even very simple eyepieces do better in the middle of the image.
Look at the stars. Are they tiny and round in the center, and large and fuzzy at the edge? Those are aberrations from various sources (eyepiece, primary mirror, etc).
**Coma**
Of course, at f/4 even the best eyepieces out there cannot do anything about coma - an aberration coming out of any parabolic mirror, which becomes pretty obvious around f/5, very obvious at f/4, and a major problem at f/3. Again, coma is zero in the center of the image, and increases towards the edge.
A coma corrector is used in some cases, such as the TeleVue Paracorr, but I strongly recommend that you DO NOT use one - I suspect your instrument is aberrating in ways that overwhelm coma anyway. Jupiter would not be too blurry even at full f/4 coma at the edge. This paragraph is for informational purposes only.
Coma should become a concern with large telescopes, using high quality optics, with a focal ratio of around f/5 and less. E.g., you have a 20" dob with an f/4 mirror, then you should worry about coma - provided that collimation and so on are taken care of.
**Optics quality**
An f/4 parabola is not super easy to make at any size. I've made my own optics, and the lower the f/ ratio, the more difficult the process is. Many small, cheap telescopes are made in a hurry, and the difficult focal ratio poses additional problems - as a result, many manufacturers do a poor job. There are even cases where the primary mirror is left spherical, with disastrous results.
This is something you can do nothing about. If the primary mirror is bad, then that's just the way things are. An optician might try to correct it, but it's a difficult process, and quite expensive. I only added this here so you are informed.
---
This is what I would do in your case:
I would take the scope out 1 hour before observing, every time.
I would try and learn how to collimate the scope. I would try to figure out a few simple collimation techniques, and a few simple tests. I would spend a few days / weeks practicing that. I would keep reading about collimation.
When collimation is at least partially under control, I would learn how to properly focus the scope. Seems simple, but it can be tricky. Use a bright star, and try and make it as small as possible. Use the Moon when it's visible, and try and make it crisp and clear. Do not try this with a miscollimated scope, since it's pointless.
After a few months, when I gain confidence that the scope is in better shape, very well collimated, very well focused, I might try to borrow a better eyepiece from a friend. I said borrow, not buy. Something like a 3 ... 4mm eyepiece, good quality, that would give me a comparison for the existing eyepieces. This ONLY makes sense with a scope that is in perfect collimation, perfect temperature, perfect focus. If an improvement is seen, then get a better eyepiece - but do not spend hundreds of dollars for an expensive eyepiece that will then be used in a tiny cheap scope. Second-hand eyepieces often work exactly as well as new ones.
If you know someone in your area who makes mirrors, see if they agree to put your primary mirror on the Foucault tester, and assess its condition. But beware: the results might be very disappointing. Or not. You kind of never know with these little scopes.
EDIT: After the scope is collimated and so on, you could try to increase magnification by using a 2x barlow with your eyepieces, but do not expect miracles - the image will be bigger, but probably rather "mushy". More magnification is not always better, there's always a trade-off.
Good luck, and clear skies to you! | In typical seeing condition you should be able to use a magnification ([see here](https://www.astronomics.com/eyepiece-highest-useful-magnification_t.aspx)) of about 25-30x per inch of apperture, so for your telescope that is about 100x, in exceptional condition you could push that up to maybe double that. Also the more magnification you use the less contrast you will have in the image, so really you want the lowest magnification that gives an image size compatible with being able to see the bands since you will be contrast limited.
You will find simulated images of Jupiter through a small telescope [here](http://astronomyhints.com/simviews.html) and Saturn [here](http://www.rocketroberts.com/astro/scopeview.htm). Though personal experience suggests that the simulated image of Jupiter through a 3" aperture is optimistic. IIRC a suggestion of banding is just about at the limit of what I can see on Jupiter in the small scope.
I am guessing that your telescope is [this](http://stargazerslounge.com/topic/166500-celestron-firstscope-76-iya/) |
9,038,121 | I want to generate a crystal report in visual studio 2010 in WPF application.
Can anyone please help me to solve out ?
I have tried but it does not works ..
please provide me the code ? | 2012/01/27 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/9038121",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/847435/"
] | Crystal Report now doesn't comes with Visual Studio. You have to download it separately. Follow this link: <http://www.businessobjects.com/jump/xi/crvs2010/default.asp> .
Once you install the CR2010. You will be able to add crystal report pages (.rpt) in your project using VS 2010. | I don't think Crystal Reports are provided by default any more in VS2010, you have to download and install them separately. |
1,455 | We often see the image of the rampant lion [used as a symbol](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lion_%28heraldry%29) in heraldry and [other places](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peugeot). I understand the significance of the lion, and I am aware that ancient art often incorporated the lion, but the rampant lion as mentioned is a very specific representation of the animal.
Today we call the different lion poses by different names and ascribe to each of them different meaning, but at some time in the past these names and associated meanings did not exist. I therefore would see no issue with any one entity using a rampant lion as a symbol, but its perseverance is so common that I wonder where the copy-cat idea started. | 2012/02/23 | [
"https://history.stackexchange.com/questions/1455",
"https://history.stackexchange.com",
"https://history.stackexchange.com/users/576/"
] | I am only guessing, but I would imagine that part of the popularity of the *attitude* of lions rampant (so once you allow for the relatively obvious reasons for choosing a lion as opposed to some other animal) might just be that it fits a shield or the breastpiece of a tabard nicely. All the other attitudes (except salient, maybe) are less optimised to the tall-and-narrow proportions and leave lots more space that needs filling:
    
(The order above being rampant, passant, sejant, statant, couchant; I couldn't find a decent image of salient, unfortunately.)
Equally, of course (and giving a reason to prefer rampant over salient), it's the most aggressive fighting stance of the leonine attitudes, which I guess would have an obvious appeal, given the context. | The rampant lion was the symbol of king Richard the lion heart |
1,455 | We often see the image of the rampant lion [used as a symbol](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lion_%28heraldry%29) in heraldry and [other places](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peugeot). I understand the significance of the lion, and I am aware that ancient art often incorporated the lion, but the rampant lion as mentioned is a very specific representation of the animal.
Today we call the different lion poses by different names and ascribe to each of them different meaning, but at some time in the past these names and associated meanings did not exist. I therefore would see no issue with any one entity using a rampant lion as a symbol, but its perseverance is so common that I wonder where the copy-cat idea started. | 2012/02/23 | [
"https://history.stackexchange.com/questions/1455",
"https://history.stackexchange.com",
"https://history.stackexchange.com/users/576/"
] | I am only guessing, but I would imagine that part of the popularity of the *attitude* of lions rampant (so once you allow for the relatively obvious reasons for choosing a lion as opposed to some other animal) might just be that it fits a shield or the breastpiece of a tabard nicely. All the other attitudes (except salient, maybe) are less optimised to the tall-and-narrow proportions and leave lots more space that needs filling:
    
(The order above being rampant, passant, sejant, statant, couchant; I couldn't find a decent image of salient, unfortunately.)
Equally, of course (and giving a reason to prefer rampant over salient), it's the most aggressive fighting stance of the leonine attitudes, which I guess would have an obvious appeal, given the context. | A Jewish person told me the lions rampant represented the twin sons of Judah, son of Jacob/Israel. If I remember correctly, the red lion rampant represents Zerah, because he was first born as indicated by the red thread placed around his wrist, and the gold lion rampant represents Perez, because he was first to completely emerge from the womb. Don't quote me on this. I came to this website hoping to find the answer.
As coats of arms are the same thing as a signature, it is considered forgery to use a symbol you're not entitled to, and is punishable by law....even today. |
1,455 | We often see the image of the rampant lion [used as a symbol](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lion_%28heraldry%29) in heraldry and [other places](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peugeot). I understand the significance of the lion, and I am aware that ancient art often incorporated the lion, but the rampant lion as mentioned is a very specific representation of the animal.
Today we call the different lion poses by different names and ascribe to each of them different meaning, but at some time in the past these names and associated meanings did not exist. I therefore would see no issue with any one entity using a rampant lion as a symbol, but its perseverance is so common that I wonder where the copy-cat idea started. | 2012/02/23 | [
"https://history.stackexchange.com/questions/1455",
"https://history.stackexchange.com",
"https://history.stackexchange.com/users/576/"
] | A Jewish person told me the lions rampant represented the twin sons of Judah, son of Jacob/Israel. If I remember correctly, the red lion rampant represents Zerah, because he was first born as indicated by the red thread placed around his wrist, and the gold lion rampant represents Perez, because he was first to completely emerge from the womb. Don't quote me on this. I came to this website hoping to find the answer.
As coats of arms are the same thing as a signature, it is considered forgery to use a symbol you're not entitled to, and is punishable by law....even today. | The rampant lion was the symbol of king Richard the lion heart |
41,369,070 | I did not quite understand when should I use DatabaseReference and when DataSnapshot.
In my application I seem to be using both of them without real distinction (maybe except for writing to Firebase in which case DataSnapshot was not made for). | 2016/12/28 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/41369070",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/565433/"
] | A DatabaseReference is a starting point for all database operations. This allows you to read, write, and create new DatabaseReferences.
A DataSnapshot is an efficiently-generated immutable copy of the data at a Firebase Location. They cannot be modified and will never change.
I believe that under the hood, the DataSnapshot would be a more efficient object to create than a DatabaseReference and a safer object to work with in a read-only scenario as this would be an immutable object without any extra data attached to it like the DatabaseReference.
Sources:
DatabaseReference
<https://firebase.google.com/docs/reference/android/com/google/firebase/database/DatabaseReference>
DataSnapshot
<https://firebase.google.com/docs/reference/android/com/google/firebase/database/DataSnapshot> | **DatabaseReference** is used to refer to the location of a specific node in your database structure.
**DataSnapshot** is used to fetch data from the node whenever a listener event is triggered from database. The data is fetched in form of key-value pairs. |
18,551 | The part is a clevis and was insterted in a steering rack . Part was in Tension, torsion and bending. It failed at the end of the threaded bolt part. Is it a common problem for bolted joints ? How can it be resolved ?
At first a bend was observed in the threaded part in the direction in which it is kept in the picture before failure.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/XduOE.jpg)[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/10OcP.jpg)[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/mbb8E.jpg)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/8UPOs.jpg) | 2017/12/22 | [
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com/questions/18551",
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com/users/14271/"
] | this is a classic fatigue fracture, caused by a cyclic/reversed bending load superimposed on a static tension load. The cyclic load is caused by the reversed bending; the neutral axis shows clearly as a straight line running diagonally across the center of the part. the fact that it is a straight line demonstrates that the torsion component was not the dominant load.
the initiator of the fracture was the sharp tip of the cut thread in the part and the reversed cyclic loads caused the fatigue fracture crack to develop on both sides of the bending neutral axis. Finally, note that the cross-section of the final failure caused by overload (the area defined by the shear failure zone along the diagonal line as defined above) is small compared to the unfractured cross-section of the part; this demonstrates that the loads originally imposed on the part were small compared to the tensile strength of the part itself as designed. The conclusion therefore is that this part was not designed for fatigue service; it should have had the threads pressed into it with a set of roller die rather than having them cut on a lathe or with a threading die. | I agree , reversed bending fatigue, no torsion, likely sharp thread roots, maybe a loose nut. But the surface looks granular, not smooth as typical of fatigue. That suggests very low strength steel. So, radius the thread roots and be sure the nut is properly torqued and check if the hardness meets spec. |
2,848,518 | In what particular situation you will need a depth knowledge of math/physics in software engineering? | 2010/05/17 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2848518",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/342969/"
] | Good knowledge of Mathematics is highly recommended [not mandatory]. Physics in my opinion is not that crucial to know but basic physics knowledge will surely help.
Computer science is rooted to Maths and both programming and mathematics require good analytical and problem solving skills. | The question asked about 'Software Engineering' specifically, and, of course, Software Engineering can include somewhat more than programming. As a software engineer you'll need to do things like estimate the effort required to do a project, or estimate the impact of risks. Risk mitigation and some effort-estimation models are based on probability distributions that are not trivial, and, to be used as intended, must be understood.
Magnitude estimations are another area. If you are designing an algorithm that can potentially be used many times or need to handle large amounts of data, then you will want to evaluate how the time required for a candidate algorithm will grow when it's required to execute many times or with increasing data loads, versus some other algorithm that may be more or less efficient. That requires a math model of your algorithms.
My advice: if you plan to be involved in some of the larger aspects of software development, don't bypass the math courses. |
2,848,518 | In what particular situation you will need a depth knowledge of math/physics in software engineering? | 2010/05/17 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2848518",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/342969/"
] | Depends a bit on your line of work. If your trying to implement some kind of gravitational model for a game engine, knowledge of physics will surely help.
I think knowledge of math is required however, you will always encounter some problems that have to do with mathematics. For instance, I work as a web developer; for one client we had to make a tool/feature on his website that calculates distances between to places. But the programmer didn't know how to implement/use Pythagoras theorem... | Computer science cherry picks mathematics for its needs, at least where you aren't using computing for an area that is heavily mathematical, for example games programming.
This includes logic, graph theory, statistics, vectors and trigonometry, set theory. For *the average job* your daily task will involve logic and not much more. If you get an above average job then this may differ. |
2,848,518 | In what particular situation you will need a depth knowledge of math/physics in software engineering? | 2010/05/17 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2848518",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/342969/"
] | Depends a bit on your line of work. If your trying to implement some kind of gravitational model for a game engine, knowledge of physics will surely help.
I think knowledge of math is required however, you will always encounter some problems that have to do with mathematics. For instance, I work as a web developer; for one client we had to make a tool/feature on his website that calculates distances between to places. But the programmer didn't know how to implement/use Pythagoras theorem... | I'm a Game developer and frankly I must say that you don't need a lot of math and very little physics. All I used so far are Trigonometry,Linear Algebra (for 3d matrices) and some interpolations. I woudn't really say that's complicated math. As for physics some knowledge about mechanics and forces should help if you want to simulate the environment but otherwise I woudn't really see the point.
I also did some other applications in my spare time never needed any math that's over 8th grade. |
2,848,518 | In what particular situation you will need a depth knowledge of math/physics in software engineering? | 2010/05/17 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2848518",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/342969/"
] | Depends a bit on your line of work. If your trying to implement some kind of gravitational model for a game engine, knowledge of physics will surely help.
I think knowledge of math is required however, you will always encounter some problems that have to do with mathematics. For instance, I work as a web developer; for one client we had to make a tool/feature on his website that calculates distances between to places. But the programmer didn't know how to implement/use Pythagoras theorem... | Programming is basically thinking in an organised way about a problem. Math and physics are fields where you need to think pretty clearly too. So if you know some math, it will be useful to you because you'll have learned how to structure problems and solve them.
As for specific mathematical concepts, math is such a wide field that whatever specialised topic you might end up programming, you'll have to pick up a book and learn it. For instance, I did an engineering course with loads and loads of physics and math, but I had to learn all the financial mathematics when I started work, because that kind of thing is pretty specialised. But not hard to learn if you're used to thinking in an organised way. |
2,848,518 | In what particular situation you will need a depth knowledge of math/physics in software engineering? | 2010/05/17 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2848518",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/342969/"
] | For programming itself: it is helpful to come up with relations and functions, but no depth knowledge is needed. If you wan't to deal with deeper questions and more theoretical stuff: yes, it is math. Physics is not needed, unless you want to solve a physics problem of course. | Programming is basically thinking in an organised way about a problem. Math and physics are fields where you need to think pretty clearly too. So if you know some math, it will be useful to you because you'll have learned how to structure problems and solve them.
As for specific mathematical concepts, math is such a wide field that whatever specialised topic you might end up programming, you'll have to pick up a book and learn it. For instance, I did an engineering course with loads and loads of physics and math, but I had to learn all the financial mathematics when I started work, because that kind of thing is pretty specialised. But not hard to learn if you're used to thinking in an organised way. |
2,848,518 | In what particular situation you will need a depth knowledge of math/physics in software engineering? | 2010/05/17 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2848518",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/342969/"
] | To answer your question: you will need good maths and physics if you are writing scientific (well, physics-type scientific) and engineering programs. For more general purposes good maths is better than bad maths but bad maths is often enough and physics may be totally irrelevant. Good maths is a question of topic (eg graph theory more useful than real analysis, arithmetic more useful than topology) and depth of knowledge. | The question asked about 'Software Engineering' specifically, and, of course, Software Engineering can include somewhat more than programming. As a software engineer you'll need to do things like estimate the effort required to do a project, or estimate the impact of risks. Risk mitigation and some effort-estimation models are based on probability distributions that are not trivial, and, to be used as intended, must be understood.
Magnitude estimations are another area. If you are designing an algorithm that can potentially be used many times or need to handle large amounts of data, then you will want to evaluate how the time required for a candidate algorithm will grow when it's required to execute many times or with increasing data loads, versus some other algorithm that may be more or less efficient. That requires a math model of your algorithms.
My advice: if you plan to be involved in some of the larger aspects of software development, don't bypass the math courses. |
2,848,518 | In what particular situation you will need a depth knowledge of math/physics in software engineering? | 2010/05/17 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2848518",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/342969/"
] | For programming itself: it is helpful to come up with relations and functions, but no depth knowledge is needed. If you wan't to deal with deeper questions and more theoretical stuff: yes, it is math. Physics is not needed, unless you want to solve a physics problem of course. | Computer science cherry picks mathematics for its needs, at least where you aren't using computing for an area that is heavily mathematical, for example games programming.
This includes logic, graph theory, statistics, vectors and trigonometry, set theory. For *the average job* your daily task will involve logic and not much more. If you get an above average job then this may differ. |
2,848,518 | In what particular situation you will need a depth knowledge of math/physics in software engineering? | 2010/05/17 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2848518",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/342969/"
] | Depends a bit on your line of work. If your trying to implement some kind of gravitational model for a game engine, knowledge of physics will surely help.
I think knowledge of math is required however, you will always encounter some problems that have to do with mathematics. For instance, I work as a web developer; for one client we had to make a tool/feature on his website that calculates distances between to places. But the programmer didn't know how to implement/use Pythagoras theorem... | For programming itself: it is helpful to come up with relations and functions, but no depth knowledge is needed. If you wan't to deal with deeper questions and more theoretical stuff: yes, it is math. Physics is not needed, unless you want to solve a physics problem of course. |
2,848,518 | In what particular situation you will need a depth knowledge of math/physics in software engineering? | 2010/05/17 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2848518",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/342969/"
] | To answer your question: you will need good maths and physics if you are writing scientific (well, physics-type scientific) and engineering programs. For more general purposes good maths is better than bad maths but bad maths is often enough and physics may be totally irrelevant. Good maths is a question of topic (eg graph theory more useful than real analysis, arithmetic more useful than topology) and depth of knowledge. | I'm a Game developer and frankly I must say that you don't need a lot of math and very little physics. All I used so far are Trigonometry,Linear Algebra (for 3d matrices) and some interpolations. I woudn't really say that's complicated math. As for physics some knowledge about mechanics and forces should help if you want to simulate the environment but otherwise I woudn't really see the point.
I also did some other applications in my spare time never needed any math that's over 8th grade. |
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