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45,387 | After a star lives and dies, I assume virtually all of its mass would be photons. If enough stars have already lived and died, couldn’t there be enough photon energy out there to account for all the "missing mass" (=dark matter) in the universe?
And if there were enough photons to account for all the missing mass, what would it look like to us? | 2012/11/29 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/45387",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/16372/"
] | I just want to point out that it seems some people may be conflating 'dark matter' with 'dark energy.' Regular "normal" matter like electrons, neutrons, and the like, are estimated to make up about 5% of the matter/energy density of our universe.
Dark matter, estimated to make up about 25% of the matter/energy density of the universe, is matter that has mass, but the gravitational and other effects of which are not directly visible. Dark matter is somewhat mysterious but could easily be something like exotic particles or oceans of black holes between galaxies.
Dark energy, is the real mystery; it makes up the other (about) 70% of the matter/energy density of the universe needed to explain inflationary cosmology and expansion/acceleration of the universe.
Photons are mass-less particles that embody energy, visible when they strike objects. I think it's an interesting notion that the energy from photons could at least in part constitute some of solution to the "missing" dark energy problem. As has been pointed out, it's difficult to reconcile how so much of the "missing" energy could have come from so little: the 5% ordinary matter creating all that dark energy. But I don't see anything impossible about this idea generally. Perhaps the dark matter also contributes to this somehow. There may even be dark-electromagnetic forces that create dark-photons, this may be seen as extra-dimensional as one poster referenced earlier.
"It’s humbling to think that ordinary matter, including all of the elementary particles we’ve ever detected in laboratory experiments, only makes up about 5% of the energy density of the universe." \_Sean Carroll
With so little of what we are used to seeing and interacting with in ordinary meaningful way actually making up what exists, speculation of what else is out there is not only justified but necessary. | Photons don't have mass. So your assumption's incorrect, although I don't know how much of a (say) main sequence star's mass gets converted into photons over its lifespan.
Photon's can't account for, say, dark matter, because *dark matter has mass*.
Thermal energy (in the vacuum) is comprised of photons, which can spontaneously form particle-antiparticle pairs. Usually these quickly annihilate, so this is also not a good source of mass. |
45,387 | After a star lives and dies, I assume virtually all of its mass would be photons. If enough stars have already lived and died, couldn’t there be enough photon energy out there to account for all the "missing mass" (=dark matter) in the universe?
And if there were enough photons to account for all the missing mass, what would it look like to us? | 2012/11/29 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/45387",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/16372/"
] | Photons don't have mass. So your assumption's incorrect, although I don't know how much of a (say) main sequence star's mass gets converted into photons over its lifespan.
Photon's can't account for, say, dark matter, because *dark matter has mass*.
Thermal energy (in the vacuum) is comprised of photons, which can spontaneously form particle-antiparticle pairs. Usually these quickly annihilate, so this is also not a good source of mass. | It is accepted that the early state of the universe was mainly radiation, then we had expansion; radiation cooled down as a result, and condensed into matter. The pressure of a photon/radiation gas is positive and given by an equation that resembles the universal gas law; PV=.9 NkT (<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon_gas>).
So by logic, the total(equivalent) mass or the total condensed energy in the universe, must be less than the total radiation at the start. If also the condensation process involved only a small portion of that radiation, then surely we should have plenty of radiation left uncondensed- and could easily be much more than that of all matter. This remaining gas is continuing its expansion of course- today and in the future.Since momentum levels follow energy levels for photons, there must be plenty of momentum around too- due to radiation that is exerting pressure on the various matter objects, producing some expected and may be not so expected situations. If we accept this point of view, one can do detail calculations to get the full picture. The rate of expansion could be one useful result to compare with present data. |
45,387 | After a star lives and dies, I assume virtually all of its mass would be photons. If enough stars have already lived and died, couldn’t there be enough photon energy out there to account for all the "missing mass" (=dark matter) in the universe?
And if there were enough photons to account for all the missing mass, what would it look like to us? | 2012/11/29 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/45387",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/16372/"
] | There is a simple argument why photons emitted by stars can't be dark matter, and that's because there is about ten times more dark matter than normal matter. If all the stars created at the Big Bang had turned into photons there still wouldn't be enough of them.
You might argue that maybe more normal matter than we think was created during the Big Bang, but the theory of [Big Bang Nucleosynthesis](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang_nucleosynthesis) places a [limit](http://cosmology.berkeley.edu/Education/CosmologyEssays/BBN.html) on how much normal matter was created, and this limit is four times smaller than the amount of dark matter. The dark matter has to be something *odd*.
If you're interested in more info [this paper](http://arxiv.org/abs/0906.2087) is a good review, though harder going than the answers here! | It is accepted that the early state of the universe was mainly radiation, then we had expansion; radiation cooled down as a result, and condensed into matter. The pressure of a photon/radiation gas is positive and given by an equation that resembles the universal gas law; PV=.9 NkT (<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon_gas>).
So by logic, the total(equivalent) mass or the total condensed energy in the universe, must be less than the total radiation at the start. If also the condensation process involved only a small portion of that radiation, then surely we should have plenty of radiation left uncondensed- and could easily be much more than that of all matter. This remaining gas is continuing its expansion of course- today and in the future.Since momentum levels follow energy levels for photons, there must be plenty of momentum around too- due to radiation that is exerting pressure on the various matter objects, producing some expected and may be not so expected situations. If we accept this point of view, one can do detail calculations to get the full picture. The rate of expansion could be one useful result to compare with present data. |
45,387 | After a star lives and dies, I assume virtually all of its mass would be photons. If enough stars have already lived and died, couldn’t there be enough photon energy out there to account for all the "missing mass" (=dark matter) in the universe?
And if there were enough photons to account for all the missing mass, what would it look like to us? | 2012/11/29 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/45387",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/16372/"
] | There is a simple argument why photons emitted by stars can't be dark matter, and that's because there is about ten times more dark matter than normal matter. If all the stars created at the Big Bang had turned into photons there still wouldn't be enough of them.
You might argue that maybe more normal matter than we think was created during the Big Bang, but the theory of [Big Bang Nucleosynthesis](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang_nucleosynthesis) places a [limit](http://cosmology.berkeley.edu/Education/CosmologyEssays/BBN.html) on how much normal matter was created, and this limit is four times smaller than the amount of dark matter. The dark matter has to be something *odd*.
If you're interested in more info [this paper](http://arxiv.org/abs/0906.2087) is a good review, though harder going than the answers here! | Photons are easily detectable. We can count how many photons are there at any distance of us by just counting the photons reaching us from there. It is impossible that the hidden photons ramble the whole universe but mysteriously avoid us. |
45,387 | After a star lives and dies, I assume virtually all of its mass would be photons. If enough stars have already lived and died, couldn’t there be enough photon energy out there to account for all the "missing mass" (=dark matter) in the universe?
And if there were enough photons to account for all the missing mass, what would it look like to us? | 2012/11/29 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/45387",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/16372/"
] | There is a simple argument why photons emitted by stars can't be dark matter, and that's because there is about ten times more dark matter than normal matter. If all the stars created at the Big Bang had turned into photons there still wouldn't be enough of them.
You might argue that maybe more normal matter than we think was created during the Big Bang, but the theory of [Big Bang Nucleosynthesis](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang_nucleosynthesis) places a [limit](http://cosmology.berkeley.edu/Education/CosmologyEssays/BBN.html) on how much normal matter was created, and this limit is four times smaller than the amount of dark matter. The dark matter has to be something *odd*.
If you're interested in more info [this paper](http://arxiv.org/abs/0906.2087) is a good review, though harder going than the answers here! | I just want to point out that it seems some people may be conflating 'dark matter' with 'dark energy.' Regular "normal" matter like electrons, neutrons, and the like, are estimated to make up about 5% of the matter/energy density of our universe.
Dark matter, estimated to make up about 25% of the matter/energy density of the universe, is matter that has mass, but the gravitational and other effects of which are not directly visible. Dark matter is somewhat mysterious but could easily be something like exotic particles or oceans of black holes between galaxies.
Dark energy, is the real mystery; it makes up the other (about) 70% of the matter/energy density of the universe needed to explain inflationary cosmology and expansion/acceleration of the universe.
Photons are mass-less particles that embody energy, visible when they strike objects. I think it's an interesting notion that the energy from photons could at least in part constitute some of solution to the "missing" dark energy problem. As has been pointed out, it's difficult to reconcile how so much of the "missing" energy could have come from so little: the 5% ordinary matter creating all that dark energy. But I don't see anything impossible about this idea generally. Perhaps the dark matter also contributes to this somehow. There may even be dark-electromagnetic forces that create dark-photons, this may be seen as extra-dimensional as one poster referenced earlier.
"It’s humbling to think that ordinary matter, including all of the elementary particles we’ve ever detected in laboratory experiments, only makes up about 5% of the energy density of the universe." \_Sean Carroll
With so little of what we are used to seeing and interacting with in ordinary meaningful way actually making up what exists, speculation of what else is out there is not only justified but necessary. |
45,387 | After a star lives and dies, I assume virtually all of its mass would be photons. If enough stars have already lived and died, couldn’t there be enough photon energy out there to account for all the "missing mass" (=dark matter) in the universe?
And if there were enough photons to account for all the missing mass, what would it look like to us? | 2012/11/29 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/45387",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/16372/"
] | Photons are easily detectable. We can count how many photons are there at any distance of us by just counting the photons reaching us from there. It is impossible that the hidden photons ramble the whole universe but mysteriously avoid us. | Photons don't have mass. So your assumption's incorrect, although I don't know how much of a (say) main sequence star's mass gets converted into photons over its lifespan.
Photon's can't account for, say, dark matter, because *dark matter has mass*.
Thermal energy (in the vacuum) is comprised of photons, which can spontaneously form particle-antiparticle pairs. Usually these quickly annihilate, so this is also not a good source of mass. |
45,387 | After a star lives and dies, I assume virtually all of its mass would be photons. If enough stars have already lived and died, couldn’t there be enough photon energy out there to account for all the "missing mass" (=dark matter) in the universe?
And if there were enough photons to account for all the missing mass, what would it look like to us? | 2012/11/29 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/45387",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/16372/"
] | As a general rule, zero mass particles which travel with the velocity of light are not good for dark matter, because [dark matter concentrates](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter_halo) around gravitational attractors. It has to be particles with some mass that can be at rest in order to stay around a galactic center from the beginning. In addition they have to be controlled by weak interactions, if they decay, because the dark matter halo is stable for long periods.
Maybe I should add that very cool photons from the beginning of the formation of the observed universe exist and have been detected as [Comsmic Microwave Background](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microwave_background_radiation) radiation, very low frequency photons, uniformly distributed in the cosmos. | There is a simple argument why photons emitted by stars can't be dark matter, and that's because there is about ten times more dark matter than normal matter. If all the stars created at the Big Bang had turned into photons there still wouldn't be enough of them.
You might argue that maybe more normal matter than we think was created during the Big Bang, but the theory of [Big Bang Nucleosynthesis](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang_nucleosynthesis) places a [limit](http://cosmology.berkeley.edu/Education/CosmologyEssays/BBN.html) on how much normal matter was created, and this limit is four times smaller than the amount of dark matter. The dark matter has to be something *odd*.
If you're interested in more info [this paper](http://arxiv.org/abs/0906.2087) is a good review, though harder going than the answers here! |
45,387 | After a star lives and dies, I assume virtually all of its mass would be photons. If enough stars have already lived and died, couldn’t there be enough photon energy out there to account for all the "missing mass" (=dark matter) in the universe?
And if there were enough photons to account for all the missing mass, what would it look like to us? | 2012/11/29 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/45387",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/16372/"
] | As a general rule, zero mass particles which travel with the velocity of light are not good for dark matter, because [dark matter concentrates](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter_halo) around gravitational attractors. It has to be particles with some mass that can be at rest in order to stay around a galactic center from the beginning. In addition they have to be controlled by weak interactions, if they decay, because the dark matter halo is stable for long periods.
Maybe I should add that very cool photons from the beginning of the formation of the observed universe exist and have been detected as [Comsmic Microwave Background](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microwave_background_radiation) radiation, very low frequency photons, uniformly distributed in the cosmos. | It is accepted that the early state of the universe was mainly radiation, then we had expansion; radiation cooled down as a result, and condensed into matter. The pressure of a photon/radiation gas is positive and given by an equation that resembles the universal gas law; PV=.9 NkT (<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon_gas>).
So by logic, the total(equivalent) mass or the total condensed energy in the universe, must be less than the total radiation at the start. If also the condensation process involved only a small portion of that radiation, then surely we should have plenty of radiation left uncondensed- and could easily be much more than that of all matter. This remaining gas is continuing its expansion of course- today and in the future.Since momentum levels follow energy levels for photons, there must be plenty of momentum around too- due to radiation that is exerting pressure on the various matter objects, producing some expected and may be not so expected situations. If we accept this point of view, one can do detail calculations to get the full picture. The rate of expansion could be one useful result to compare with present data. |
45,387 | After a star lives and dies, I assume virtually all of its mass would be photons. If enough stars have already lived and died, couldn’t there be enough photon energy out there to account for all the "missing mass" (=dark matter) in the universe?
And if there were enough photons to account for all the missing mass, what would it look like to us? | 2012/11/29 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/45387",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/16372/"
] | As a general rule, zero mass particles which travel with the velocity of light are not good for dark matter, because [dark matter concentrates](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter_halo) around gravitational attractors. It has to be particles with some mass that can be at rest in order to stay around a galactic center from the beginning. In addition they have to be controlled by weak interactions, if they decay, because the dark matter halo is stable for long periods.
Maybe I should add that very cool photons from the beginning of the formation of the observed universe exist and have been detected as [Comsmic Microwave Background](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microwave_background_radiation) radiation, very low frequency photons, uniformly distributed in the cosmos. | I just want to point out that it seems some people may be conflating 'dark matter' with 'dark energy.' Regular "normal" matter like electrons, neutrons, and the like, are estimated to make up about 5% of the matter/energy density of our universe.
Dark matter, estimated to make up about 25% of the matter/energy density of the universe, is matter that has mass, but the gravitational and other effects of which are not directly visible. Dark matter is somewhat mysterious but could easily be something like exotic particles or oceans of black holes between galaxies.
Dark energy, is the real mystery; it makes up the other (about) 70% of the matter/energy density of the universe needed to explain inflationary cosmology and expansion/acceleration of the universe.
Photons are mass-less particles that embody energy, visible when they strike objects. I think it's an interesting notion that the energy from photons could at least in part constitute some of solution to the "missing" dark energy problem. As has been pointed out, it's difficult to reconcile how so much of the "missing" energy could have come from so little: the 5% ordinary matter creating all that dark energy. But I don't see anything impossible about this idea generally. Perhaps the dark matter also contributes to this somehow. There may even be dark-electromagnetic forces that create dark-photons, this may be seen as extra-dimensional as one poster referenced earlier.
"It’s humbling to think that ordinary matter, including all of the elementary particles we’ve ever detected in laboratory experiments, only makes up about 5% of the energy density of the universe." \_Sean Carroll
With so little of what we are used to seeing and interacting with in ordinary meaningful way actually making up what exists, speculation of what else is out there is not only justified but necessary. |
45,387 | After a star lives and dies, I assume virtually all of its mass would be photons. If enough stars have already lived and died, couldn’t there be enough photon energy out there to account for all the "missing mass" (=dark matter) in the universe?
And if there were enough photons to account for all the missing mass, what would it look like to us? | 2012/11/29 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/45387",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/16372/"
] | As a general rule, zero mass particles which travel with the velocity of light are not good for dark matter, because [dark matter concentrates](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter_halo) around gravitational attractors. It has to be particles with some mass that can be at rest in order to stay around a galactic center from the beginning. In addition they have to be controlled by weak interactions, if they decay, because the dark matter halo is stable for long periods.
Maybe I should add that very cool photons from the beginning of the formation of the observed universe exist and have been detected as [Comsmic Microwave Background](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microwave_background_radiation) radiation, very low frequency photons, uniformly distributed in the cosmos. | Photons don't have mass. So your assumption's incorrect, although I don't know how much of a (say) main sequence star's mass gets converted into photons over its lifespan.
Photon's can't account for, say, dark matter, because *dark matter has mass*.
Thermal energy (in the vacuum) is comprised of photons, which can spontaneously form particle-antiparticle pairs. Usually these quickly annihilate, so this is also not a good source of mass. |
588 | My company has recently acquired another small company. Now, my company has a ERP system that we are using it presently. Also, the acquired company has an ERP system of its own.
Now I have been given the responsibility of integrating my company's ERP System with the ERP system of the recently acquired company. To do this, I have to map the data between these two processes and see if there are any redundant features.
However I was told by my friends that there would be lot of problems when I need to sit with both employees of the two companies, given the fact that my company doesn't treat the other company employees that well in terms of credibility.
So I wanted to know, how do I make sure that there are no hard feelings between both sets of employees and what steps do I take for effective brainstorming sessions among both the teams? | 2011/02/23 | [
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/questions/588",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/users/19/"
] | * Don't let your plans or meetings be tainted by what other people have said re the feelings each side has.
* Prepare for different situations but leave the preconceived notions behind.
* Go in with an open mind and make your own, independent assessment of the potential challenges and opportunities. | >
> how do I make sure that there are no hard feelings
>
>
>
Why? What is the reason to worry about it? You "have been given the responsibility of integrating", not of team building or making peace. Changes typically lead to "hard feelings", it's inevitable. If you blame yourself for them you very likely fail the project. What you need to do in this situation is to identify **negative stakeholders**, identify their needs, and take them into account. That's it. |
588 | My company has recently acquired another small company. Now, my company has a ERP system that we are using it presently. Also, the acquired company has an ERP system of its own.
Now I have been given the responsibility of integrating my company's ERP System with the ERP system of the recently acquired company. To do this, I have to map the data between these two processes and see if there are any redundant features.
However I was told by my friends that there would be lot of problems when I need to sit with both employees of the two companies, given the fact that my company doesn't treat the other company employees that well in terms of credibility.
So I wanted to know, how do I make sure that there are no hard feelings between both sets of employees and what steps do I take for effective brainstorming sessions among both the teams? | 2011/02/23 | [
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/questions/588",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/users/19/"
] | In this situation, what's done is done. The decision to replace their processes with others has already been made.
If there is bad blood between your company and the acquired company, you may find that your efforts are less than welcome.
It's important that you be assertive, take charge, let others know what your goal is and that you'll need their support. You can add that you also want to make the transition as smooth as possible.
This is an opportunity for you to possibly form a cross-functional team with the goal of merging the data. You are in a position to possibly create a sense of teamwork, if you select the right people to help contribute ideas and energy to this merge project. If you can, select an equal subset of employees from both companies to help collaborate on a solution.
If you listen to concerns and be objective, it will go a long way towards helping avoid hard-feelings, but you are in charge of the project and will need to make that clear from the very beginning; otherwise, they may walk all over you. | You have the right question. It's really important for the other company's employees to feel valued because you are about to enter a period of confusion. My experience is in merging two banking platforms. We found that often we would be saying the same words but completely missing the fact that we meant different things.
I would suggest you look at some of the great publications about forming teams. Don't dwell on what has been, look forward to what can be. If you use some communication icebreakers you'll find people are quite willing to get involved.
good luck |
588 | My company has recently acquired another small company. Now, my company has a ERP system that we are using it presently. Also, the acquired company has an ERP system of its own.
Now I have been given the responsibility of integrating my company's ERP System with the ERP system of the recently acquired company. To do this, I have to map the data between these two processes and see if there are any redundant features.
However I was told by my friends that there would be lot of problems when I need to sit with both employees of the two companies, given the fact that my company doesn't treat the other company employees that well in terms of credibility.
So I wanted to know, how do I make sure that there are no hard feelings between both sets of employees and what steps do I take for effective brainstorming sessions among both the teams? | 2011/02/23 | [
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/questions/588",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/users/19/"
] | * Don't let your plans or meetings be tainted by what other people have said re the feelings each side has.
* Prepare for different situations but leave the preconceived notions behind.
* Go in with an open mind and make your own, independent assessment of the potential challenges and opportunities. | Bring pizza or cookies to the kickoff/first meeting. Talk about the culture, the takeover, and other elephants in the room. Try to find common ground and common goals. If you can accomplish that in the first meeting you've accomplished a lot.
If nothing else, tell them this will look good on your resume, too. Let them know you didn't personally commit the takeover, etc. In other words, you need to establish a trusted relationship before you can expect cooperation. It will take time - but people come around quickly in these situations, especially in bad economic times.
Good luck. |
588 | My company has recently acquired another small company. Now, my company has a ERP system that we are using it presently. Also, the acquired company has an ERP system of its own.
Now I have been given the responsibility of integrating my company's ERP System with the ERP system of the recently acquired company. To do this, I have to map the data between these two processes and see if there are any redundant features.
However I was told by my friends that there would be lot of problems when I need to sit with both employees of the two companies, given the fact that my company doesn't treat the other company employees that well in terms of credibility.
So I wanted to know, how do I make sure that there are no hard feelings between both sets of employees and what steps do I take for effective brainstorming sessions among both the teams? | 2011/02/23 | [
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/questions/588",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/users/19/"
] | You are in a very interesting situation. I agree with JMort on being assertive and making sure everyone knows you are responsible.
Now, take in consideration that these two teams will continue to use the final result of your project after it is done (I assume they will not be fired), so you don't want to shut your chances of adoption. Think of the objectives of the project as the goal, but the road needs to set you up for success.
Be objective and always ask, "why?" I find this question to work very well, even when you already know the answer. Together with, "how would you do it?" takes people from their defensive stand to a more communicative. I often find people complaining without possible alternative solutions, making them more friends of your proposition.
Be open, and open for feedback, but always keep control. **Make sure from the beginning that you say that you will be collaborative, but if there is any tie-breaking you will make that call.**
As a final point, try to watch for the influencers in both teams, infiltrate them, convince them, and win them. This will make your life much easier. | >
> how do I make sure that there are no hard feelings
>
>
>
Why? What is the reason to worry about it? You "have been given the responsibility of integrating", not of team building or making peace. Changes typically lead to "hard feelings", it's inevitable. If you blame yourself for them you very likely fail the project. What you need to do in this situation is to identify **negative stakeholders**, identify their needs, and take them into account. That's it. |
588 | My company has recently acquired another small company. Now, my company has a ERP system that we are using it presently. Also, the acquired company has an ERP system of its own.
Now I have been given the responsibility of integrating my company's ERP System with the ERP system of the recently acquired company. To do this, I have to map the data between these two processes and see if there are any redundant features.
However I was told by my friends that there would be lot of problems when I need to sit with both employees of the two companies, given the fact that my company doesn't treat the other company employees that well in terms of credibility.
So I wanted to know, how do I make sure that there are no hard feelings between both sets of employees and what steps do I take for effective brainstorming sessions among both the teams? | 2011/02/23 | [
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/questions/588",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/users/19/"
] | You are in a very interesting situation. I agree with JMort on being assertive and making sure everyone knows you are responsible.
Now, take in consideration that these two teams will continue to use the final result of your project after it is done (I assume they will not be fired), so you don't want to shut your chances of adoption. Think of the objectives of the project as the goal, but the road needs to set you up for success.
Be objective and always ask, "why?" I find this question to work very well, even when you already know the answer. Together with, "how would you do it?" takes people from their defensive stand to a more communicative. I often find people complaining without possible alternative solutions, making them more friends of your proposition.
Be open, and open for feedback, but always keep control. **Make sure from the beginning that you say that you will be collaborative, but if there is any tie-breaking you will make that call.**
As a final point, try to watch for the influencers in both teams, infiltrate them, convince them, and win them. This will make your life much easier. | Bring pizza or cookies to the kickoff/first meeting. Talk about the culture, the takeover, and other elephants in the room. Try to find common ground and common goals. If you can accomplish that in the first meeting you've accomplished a lot.
If nothing else, tell them this will look good on your resume, too. Let them know you didn't personally commit the takeover, etc. In other words, you need to establish a trusted relationship before you can expect cooperation. It will take time - but people come around quickly in these situations, especially in bad economic times.
Good luck. |
588 | My company has recently acquired another small company. Now, my company has a ERP system that we are using it presently. Also, the acquired company has an ERP system of its own.
Now I have been given the responsibility of integrating my company's ERP System with the ERP system of the recently acquired company. To do this, I have to map the data between these two processes and see if there are any redundant features.
However I was told by my friends that there would be lot of problems when I need to sit with both employees of the two companies, given the fact that my company doesn't treat the other company employees that well in terms of credibility.
So I wanted to know, how do I make sure that there are no hard feelings between both sets of employees and what steps do I take for effective brainstorming sessions among both the teams? | 2011/02/23 | [
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/questions/588",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/users/19/"
] | In this situation, what's done is done. The decision to replace their processes with others has already been made.
If there is bad blood between your company and the acquired company, you may find that your efforts are less than welcome.
It's important that you be assertive, take charge, let others know what your goal is and that you'll need their support. You can add that you also want to make the transition as smooth as possible.
This is an opportunity for you to possibly form a cross-functional team with the goal of merging the data. You are in a position to possibly create a sense of teamwork, if you select the right people to help contribute ideas and energy to this merge project. If you can, select an equal subset of employees from both companies to help collaborate on a solution.
If you listen to concerns and be objective, it will go a long way towards helping avoid hard-feelings, but you are in charge of the project and will need to make that clear from the very beginning; otherwise, they may walk all over you. | You are in a very interesting situation. I agree with JMort on being assertive and making sure everyone knows you are responsible.
Now, take in consideration that these two teams will continue to use the final result of your project after it is done (I assume they will not be fired), so you don't want to shut your chances of adoption. Think of the objectives of the project as the goal, but the road needs to set you up for success.
Be objective and always ask, "why?" I find this question to work very well, even when you already know the answer. Together with, "how would you do it?" takes people from their defensive stand to a more communicative. I often find people complaining without possible alternative solutions, making them more friends of your proposition.
Be open, and open for feedback, but always keep control. **Make sure from the beginning that you say that you will be collaborative, but if there is any tie-breaking you will make that call.**
As a final point, try to watch for the influencers in both teams, infiltrate them, convince them, and win them. This will make your life much easier. |
588 | My company has recently acquired another small company. Now, my company has a ERP system that we are using it presently. Also, the acquired company has an ERP system of its own.
Now I have been given the responsibility of integrating my company's ERP System with the ERP system of the recently acquired company. To do this, I have to map the data between these two processes and see if there are any redundant features.
However I was told by my friends that there would be lot of problems when I need to sit with both employees of the two companies, given the fact that my company doesn't treat the other company employees that well in terms of credibility.
So I wanted to know, how do I make sure that there are no hard feelings between both sets of employees and what steps do I take for effective brainstorming sessions among both the teams? | 2011/02/23 | [
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/questions/588",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/users/19/"
] | * Don't let your plans or meetings be tainted by what other people have said re the feelings each side has.
* Prepare for different situations but leave the preconceived notions behind.
* Go in with an open mind and make your own, independent assessment of the potential challenges and opportunities. | You have the right question. It's really important for the other company's employees to feel valued because you are about to enter a period of confusion. My experience is in merging two banking platforms. We found that often we would be saying the same words but completely missing the fact that we meant different things.
I would suggest you look at some of the great publications about forming teams. Don't dwell on what has been, look forward to what can be. If you use some communication icebreakers you'll find people are quite willing to get involved.
good luck |
588 | My company has recently acquired another small company. Now, my company has a ERP system that we are using it presently. Also, the acquired company has an ERP system of its own.
Now I have been given the responsibility of integrating my company's ERP System with the ERP system of the recently acquired company. To do this, I have to map the data between these two processes and see if there are any redundant features.
However I was told by my friends that there would be lot of problems when I need to sit with both employees of the two companies, given the fact that my company doesn't treat the other company employees that well in terms of credibility.
So I wanted to know, how do I make sure that there are no hard feelings between both sets of employees and what steps do I take for effective brainstorming sessions among both the teams? | 2011/02/23 | [
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/questions/588",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/users/19/"
] | In this situation, what's done is done. The decision to replace their processes with others has already been made.
If there is bad blood between your company and the acquired company, you may find that your efforts are less than welcome.
It's important that you be assertive, take charge, let others know what your goal is and that you'll need their support. You can add that you also want to make the transition as smooth as possible.
This is an opportunity for you to possibly form a cross-functional team with the goal of merging the data. You are in a position to possibly create a sense of teamwork, if you select the right people to help contribute ideas and energy to this merge project. If you can, select an equal subset of employees from both companies to help collaborate on a solution.
If you listen to concerns and be objective, it will go a long way towards helping avoid hard-feelings, but you are in charge of the project and will need to make that clear from the very beginning; otherwise, they may walk all over you. | * Don't let your plans or meetings be tainted by what other people have said re the feelings each side has.
* Prepare for different situations but leave the preconceived notions behind.
* Go in with an open mind and make your own, independent assessment of the potential challenges and opportunities. |
588 | My company has recently acquired another small company. Now, my company has a ERP system that we are using it presently. Also, the acquired company has an ERP system of its own.
Now I have been given the responsibility of integrating my company's ERP System with the ERP system of the recently acquired company. To do this, I have to map the data between these two processes and see if there are any redundant features.
However I was told by my friends that there would be lot of problems when I need to sit with both employees of the two companies, given the fact that my company doesn't treat the other company employees that well in terms of credibility.
So I wanted to know, how do I make sure that there are no hard feelings between both sets of employees and what steps do I take for effective brainstorming sessions among both the teams? | 2011/02/23 | [
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/questions/588",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/users/19/"
] | In this situation, what's done is done. The decision to replace their processes with others has already been made.
If there is bad blood between your company and the acquired company, you may find that your efforts are less than welcome.
It's important that you be assertive, take charge, let others know what your goal is and that you'll need their support. You can add that you also want to make the transition as smooth as possible.
This is an opportunity for you to possibly form a cross-functional team with the goal of merging the data. You are in a position to possibly create a sense of teamwork, if you select the right people to help contribute ideas and energy to this merge project. If you can, select an equal subset of employees from both companies to help collaborate on a solution.
If you listen to concerns and be objective, it will go a long way towards helping avoid hard-feelings, but you are in charge of the project and will need to make that clear from the very beginning; otherwise, they may walk all over you. | >
> how do I make sure that there are no hard feelings
>
>
>
Why? What is the reason to worry about it? You "have been given the responsibility of integrating", not of team building or making peace. Changes typically lead to "hard feelings", it's inevitable. If you blame yourself for them you very likely fail the project. What you need to do in this situation is to identify **negative stakeholders**, identify their needs, and take them into account. That's it. |
588 | My company has recently acquired another small company. Now, my company has a ERP system that we are using it presently. Also, the acquired company has an ERP system of its own.
Now I have been given the responsibility of integrating my company's ERP System with the ERP system of the recently acquired company. To do this, I have to map the data between these two processes and see if there are any redundant features.
However I was told by my friends that there would be lot of problems when I need to sit with both employees of the two companies, given the fact that my company doesn't treat the other company employees that well in terms of credibility.
So I wanted to know, how do I make sure that there are no hard feelings between both sets of employees and what steps do I take for effective brainstorming sessions among both the teams? | 2011/02/23 | [
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/questions/588",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/users/19/"
] | In this situation, what's done is done. The decision to replace their processes with others has already been made.
If there is bad blood between your company and the acquired company, you may find that your efforts are less than welcome.
It's important that you be assertive, take charge, let others know what your goal is and that you'll need their support. You can add that you also want to make the transition as smooth as possible.
This is an opportunity for you to possibly form a cross-functional team with the goal of merging the data. You are in a position to possibly create a sense of teamwork, if you select the right people to help contribute ideas and energy to this merge project. If you can, select an equal subset of employees from both companies to help collaborate on a solution.
If you listen to concerns and be objective, it will go a long way towards helping avoid hard-feelings, but you are in charge of the project and will need to make that clear from the very beginning; otherwise, they may walk all over you. | Bring pizza or cookies to the kickoff/first meeting. Talk about the culture, the takeover, and other elephants in the room. Try to find common ground and common goals. If you can accomplish that in the first meeting you've accomplished a lot.
If nothing else, tell them this will look good on your resume, too. Let them know you didn't personally commit the takeover, etc. In other words, you need to establish a trusted relationship before you can expect cooperation. It will take time - but people come around quickly in these situations, especially in bad economic times.
Good luck. |
1,093 | Where specifically on the arm/hand should rapid picking speed come from? | 2011/01/21 | [
"https://music.stackexchange.com/questions/1093",
"https://music.stackexchange.com",
"https://music.stackexchange.com/users/159/"
] | The pick type makes a great difference to me - if I'm chugging I'll use a fairly thick pick, but for speed I'll go for a 0.4 or 0.45 mm pick, and as new as possible...if it is worn you have to move it further to get the point of the pick past the string to return back across it. | A fast picking speed comes from mainly the hand both working to move the pick quickly. However the bicep does a little work, keeping the hand and arm steady to provide accurate picking. |
1,093 | Where specifically on the arm/hand should rapid picking speed come from? | 2011/01/21 | [
"https://music.stackexchange.com/questions/1093",
"https://music.stackexchange.com",
"https://music.stackexchange.com/users/159/"
] | It depends completely on the technique that you are trying to gain speed on.
* If you want fast, palm muted power chords (like metal guitar), then it's in the wrist.
* If you want fast open chords (like Pinball Wizard), then it's more in your wrist / forearm (I guess you might consider forearm to be bicep).
* Fast single notes (like Dick Dale), is either wrist or a twisting of your forearm.
* Fast picking for lead lines could be a million different things, including alternate picking, finger technique, sweep picking, etc.
The one thing that took me a long time to realize is that at the end of the day, you'll be faster if you are relaxed. It may not feel like that to begin with, but tensing up never really helps. | The pick type makes a great difference to me - if I'm chugging I'll use a fairly thick pick, but for speed I'll go for a 0.4 or 0.45 mm pick, and as new as possible...if it is worn you have to move it further to get the point of the pick past the string to return back across it. |
1,093 | Where specifically on the arm/hand should rapid picking speed come from? | 2011/01/21 | [
"https://music.stackexchange.com/questions/1093",
"https://music.stackexchange.com",
"https://music.stackexchange.com/users/159/"
] | Just like my other favorite past-time: It's all in the wrist. With that being said, Al DiMeola has forearms like a ham, but if you watch him play it's amazing the economy of movement that's concentrated in his wrists. Steve Morse, at his peak in the late 70's seemed to use his entire arm, which always looked like it shouldn't produce the insanely accurate, musical flurries of notes - especially during his "country" solos's.
Herb Ellis, one of jazz's fastest guitarists, always seemed to get most of his speed/strength out of his thumb and forefinger - which, seems to be the case for a majority of accurate speed players: a wrist movement that eventually becomes such a second nature muscle memory that it winds up being a fluid motion in the thumb and forefinger area. | The pick type makes a great difference to me - if I'm chugging I'll use a fairly thick pick, but for speed I'll go for a 0.4 or 0.45 mm pick, and as new as possible...if it is worn you have to move it further to get the point of the pick past the string to return back across it. |
1,093 | Where specifically on the arm/hand should rapid picking speed come from? | 2011/01/21 | [
"https://music.stackexchange.com/questions/1093",
"https://music.stackexchange.com",
"https://music.stackexchange.com/users/159/"
] | It depends completely on the technique that you are trying to gain speed on.
* If you want fast, palm muted power chords (like metal guitar), then it's in the wrist.
* If you want fast open chords (like Pinball Wizard), then it's more in your wrist / forearm (I guess you might consider forearm to be bicep).
* Fast single notes (like Dick Dale), is either wrist or a twisting of your forearm.
* Fast picking for lead lines could be a million different things, including alternate picking, finger technique, sweep picking, etc.
The one thing that took me a long time to realize is that at the end of the day, you'll be faster if you are relaxed. It may not feel like that to begin with, but tensing up never really helps. | i would say it's all in the flick of the wrist
the goal is that you don't really want to be straining your muscles much if at all. it's really about twitching the wrist quickly without flexing or constricting muscle much, to not tire your arm. you don't need strength for this. just speed. |
1,093 | Where specifically on the arm/hand should rapid picking speed come from? | 2011/01/21 | [
"https://music.stackexchange.com/questions/1093",
"https://music.stackexchange.com",
"https://music.stackexchange.com/users/159/"
] | It depends completely on the technique that you are trying to gain speed on.
* If you want fast, palm muted power chords (like metal guitar), then it's in the wrist.
* If you want fast open chords (like Pinball Wizard), then it's more in your wrist / forearm (I guess you might consider forearm to be bicep).
* Fast single notes (like Dick Dale), is either wrist or a twisting of your forearm.
* Fast picking for lead lines could be a million different things, including alternate picking, finger technique, sweep picking, etc.
The one thing that took me a long time to realize is that at the end of the day, you'll be faster if you are relaxed. It may not feel like that to begin with, but tensing up never really helps. | There are likely as many routes to fast picking as there are pickers... For bluegrass-type fast runs that are mostly done in a pretty strict alternate-picking style, it seems to come from the elbow with the wrist relatively rigid.
Doc Watson refers to "picking from the elbow" when digging in on such passages.
Note that I'm talking about steel-string acoustics here, and usually set up with rather stout medium-gauge strings.
Playing an electric with "slinkies" can be quite different. |
1,093 | Where specifically on the arm/hand should rapid picking speed come from? | 2011/01/21 | [
"https://music.stackexchange.com/questions/1093",
"https://music.stackexchange.com",
"https://music.stackexchange.com/users/159/"
] | i would say it's all in the flick of the wrist
the goal is that you don't really want to be straining your muscles much if at all. it's really about twitching the wrist quickly without flexing or constricting muscle much, to not tire your arm. you don't need strength for this. just speed. | The pick type makes a great difference to me - if I'm chugging I'll use a fairly thick pick, but for speed I'll go for a 0.4 or 0.45 mm pick, and as new as possible...if it is worn you have to move it further to get the point of the pick past the string to return back across it. |
1,093 | Where specifically on the arm/hand should rapid picking speed come from? | 2011/01/21 | [
"https://music.stackexchange.com/questions/1093",
"https://music.stackexchange.com",
"https://music.stackexchange.com/users/159/"
] | There is a famous part of Eruption that quotes Etude No 2 by Kreutzer ([reference here](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eruption_%28instrumental%29)). For that style of picking, it is important to **lock** the wrist, and use the forearm in a tight, fast pattern (yet staying relaxed ;-)
[Here is a link](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K4lrAxUuwkk&feature=related#t=3m12s) to the quote, which shows Eddie's technique | A fast picking speed comes from mainly the hand both working to move the pick quickly. However the bicep does a little work, keeping the hand and arm steady to provide accurate picking. |
1,093 | Where specifically on the arm/hand should rapid picking speed come from? | 2011/01/21 | [
"https://music.stackexchange.com/questions/1093",
"https://music.stackexchange.com",
"https://music.stackexchange.com/users/159/"
] | i would say it's all in the flick of the wrist
the goal is that you don't really want to be straining your muscles much if at all. it's really about twitching the wrist quickly without flexing or constricting muscle much, to not tire your arm. you don't need strength for this. just speed. | A fast picking speed comes from mainly the hand both working to move the pick quickly. However the bicep does a little work, keeping the hand and arm steady to provide accurate picking. |
1,093 | Where specifically on the arm/hand should rapid picking speed come from? | 2011/01/21 | [
"https://music.stackexchange.com/questions/1093",
"https://music.stackexchange.com",
"https://music.stackexchange.com/users/159/"
] | There are likely as many routes to fast picking as there are pickers... For bluegrass-type fast runs that are mostly done in a pretty strict alternate-picking style, it seems to come from the elbow with the wrist relatively rigid.
Doc Watson refers to "picking from the elbow" when digging in on such passages.
Note that I'm talking about steel-string acoustics here, and usually set up with rather stout medium-gauge strings.
Playing an electric with "slinkies" can be quite different. | A fast picking speed comes from mainly the hand both working to move the pick quickly. However the bicep does a little work, keeping the hand and arm steady to provide accurate picking. |
1,093 | Where specifically on the arm/hand should rapid picking speed come from? | 2011/01/21 | [
"https://music.stackexchange.com/questions/1093",
"https://music.stackexchange.com",
"https://music.stackexchange.com/users/159/"
] | There are likely as many routes to fast picking as there are pickers... For bluegrass-type fast runs that are mostly done in a pretty strict alternate-picking style, it seems to come from the elbow with the wrist relatively rigid.
Doc Watson refers to "picking from the elbow" when digging in on such passages.
Note that I'm talking about steel-string acoustics here, and usually set up with rather stout medium-gauge strings.
Playing an electric with "slinkies" can be quite different. | The pick type makes a great difference to me - if I'm chugging I'll use a fairly thick pick, but for speed I'll go for a 0.4 or 0.45 mm pick, and as new as possible...if it is worn you have to move it further to get the point of the pick past the string to return back across it. |
20,825,607 | I need some help developing some code that segments a binary image into components of a certain pixel density. I've been doing some research in OpenCV algorithms, but before developing my own algorithm to do this, I wanted to ask around to make sure it hasn't been made already.
For instance, in this picture, I have code that imports it as a binary image. However, is there a way to segment objects in the objects from the lines? I would need to segment nodes (corners) and objects (the circle in this case). However, the object does not necessarily have to be a shape.
The solution I thought was to use pixel density. Most of the picture will made up of lines, and the objects have a greater pixel density than that of the line. Is there a way to segment it out?
Below is a working example of the task.
**Original Picture:**
**Resulting Images after Segmentation of Nodes** (intersection of multiple lines) and Components (Electronic components like the Resistor or the Voltage Source in the picture)
 | 2013/12/29 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/20825607",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/986955/"
] | OpenCV has some [functionality for finding contours](http://docs.opencv.org/doc/tutorials/imgproc/shapedescriptors/find_contours/find_contours.html) that is able to put the contours in a hierarchy. It might be what you are looking for. If not, please add some more information about your expected output! | If I understand correctly, you want to detect the lines and the circle in your image, right?
If it is the case, have a look at the [Hough line transform](http://docs.opencv.org/doc/tutorials/imgproc/imgtrans/hough_lines/hough_lines.html) and [Hough circle transform](http://docs.opencv.org/doc/tutorials/imgproc/imgtrans/hough_circle/hough_circle.html). |
20,825,607 | I need some help developing some code that segments a binary image into components of a certain pixel density. I've been doing some research in OpenCV algorithms, but before developing my own algorithm to do this, I wanted to ask around to make sure it hasn't been made already.
For instance, in this picture, I have code that imports it as a binary image. However, is there a way to segment objects in the objects from the lines? I would need to segment nodes (corners) and objects (the circle in this case). However, the object does not necessarily have to be a shape.
The solution I thought was to use pixel density. Most of the picture will made up of lines, and the objects have a greater pixel density than that of the line. Is there a way to segment it out?
Below is a working example of the task.
**Original Picture:**
**Resulting Images after Segmentation of Nodes** (intersection of multiple lines) and Components (Electronic components like the Resistor or the Voltage Source in the picture)
 | 2013/12/29 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/20825607",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/986955/"
] | You can use an [integral image](http://docs.opencv.org/modules/imgproc/doc/miscellaneous_transformations.html?highlight=integral#integral) to quickly compute the density of black pixels in a rectangular region. Detection of regions with high density can then be performed with a moving window in varying scales. This would be very similar to how face detection works but using only one super-simple feature.
It might be beneficial to make all edges narrow with something like [skeletonizing](http://felix.abecassis.me/2011/09/opencv-morphological-skeleton/) before computing the integral image to make the result insensitive to wide lines. | If I understand correctly, you want to detect the lines and the circle in your image, right?
If it is the case, have a look at the [Hough line transform](http://docs.opencv.org/doc/tutorials/imgproc/imgtrans/hough_lines/hough_lines.html) and [Hough circle transform](http://docs.opencv.org/doc/tutorials/imgproc/imgtrans/hough_circle/hough_circle.html). |
20,825,607 | I need some help developing some code that segments a binary image into components of a certain pixel density. I've been doing some research in OpenCV algorithms, but before developing my own algorithm to do this, I wanted to ask around to make sure it hasn't been made already.
For instance, in this picture, I have code that imports it as a binary image. However, is there a way to segment objects in the objects from the lines? I would need to segment nodes (corners) and objects (the circle in this case). However, the object does not necessarily have to be a shape.
The solution I thought was to use pixel density. Most of the picture will made up of lines, and the objects have a greater pixel density than that of the line. Is there a way to segment it out?
Below is a working example of the task.
**Original Picture:**
**Resulting Images after Segmentation of Nodes** (intersection of multiple lines) and Components (Electronic components like the Resistor or the Voltage Source in the picture)
 | 2013/12/29 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/20825607",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/986955/"
] | You can use an [integral image](http://docs.opencv.org/modules/imgproc/doc/miscellaneous_transformations.html?highlight=integral#integral) to quickly compute the density of black pixels in a rectangular region. Detection of regions with high density can then be performed with a moving window in varying scales. This would be very similar to how face detection works but using only one super-simple feature.
It might be beneficial to make all edges narrow with something like [skeletonizing](http://felix.abecassis.me/2011/09/opencv-morphological-skeleton/) before computing the integral image to make the result insensitive to wide lines. | OpenCV has some [functionality for finding contours](http://docs.opencv.org/doc/tutorials/imgproc/shapedescriptors/find_contours/find_contours.html) that is able to put the contours in a hierarchy. It might be what you are looking for. If not, please add some more information about your expected output! |
35,769 | We've seen Light completely manipulating the robber in the bus-accident case (in which he figured out the identity of the FBI stalker). At the end, though the robber died, but everything went according to the book or in other words the robber was completely manipulated.
So my question is, is it possible for Light to gain absolute obedience over the victim without killing him? If so, why doesn't he utilizes this power?
One possible way to gain absolute obedience is to write a task for the person and make the person's death to occur after a long period (say fifty years) | 2016/08/12 | [
"https://anime.stackexchange.com/questions/35769",
"https://anime.stackexchange.com",
"https://anime.stackexchange.com/users/27704/"
] | There are a few practical limits.
In the movie the death had to occur within 23 days.
In the anime, Light experimented with what he could make the victims do. If it was physically impossible for them to do something, nothing would happen.
Also, remember one of the rules:
>
> After writing the cause of death, details of the death should be written in the next 6 minutes and 40 seconds.
>
>
>
That's not a whole lot of time to write down what someone should do.
Apart from that, the victim would be forced to do what was written, as Light discovered when he did his experiments.
Also, it only seems to affect the target of the death. It was pointed out somewhere early in the anime that others could not be coerced. When Light tried to find Ray Penbar out, he had to create a pretty complicated scenario. He could not just write "Any FBI agent will now reveal him- or herself". | It is possible to make someone do everything that would be within his/her normal behaviour but only within 23 days before the death. What happens in this time also must not kill other persons.
The correct time you have to specify the actions and circumstances of the death is 19 days if you first write the cuase and circumstances of death and than the name (Rule VIII).
So if you want a clown/ acrobat to perform at you birthday party, showing this and that trick and so on, it is no problem as long as you write it several days early and make him die shortly after this - he will cancle other arrangements and come to your party. Try the same with a monkh and he has a heart attack beacause ha can't ride a unicycle over a high wire while playing trumped.
Or you can write the name of some hundred workers make them revolt and get shot by the police. That should be fine too as long as noone else woud die because of it. |
7,993,341 | I'm trying to optimize my website. I have a few plugins to include (jquery plugins with CSS), and my own javascript code.
Now I have the CSS in separate files for different plugins, as I downloaded them. And **if I need one** on the actual page, I generate code to include that. The same with the JS files. But when it comes to render a complex page with a lot of stuff, 9 CSS files can be called and 7 or 8 JS files, each of which are HTTP requests.
Should I put the CSS into one big file to reduce the number of included CSS files? But then everything will be interpreted by the browser even if the current page doesn't need so much stuff.
I've thought of a third way: generate CSS and JS files with PHP. Then it'll be always one JS and one CSS file, and only with the things which are needed. Or is it an absurd way?
What do you say, which to use to reduce page load time? | 2011/11/03 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/7993341",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/-1/"
] | It is better to include all CSS in a file and all JS in a file and the minify them using many online services that minify and compress CSS and Javascript. this will reduce the number of http requests as well as volume of data to be downloaded.
If you generate CSS with php then the CSS and JS should be downloaded with every page and generating them takes some time, but if you pack them in one file it downloads once and the browsers caches it.
if your site has many different sections and packing all css in a file makes a huge file then you can pack CSS in two or three file and in each section load the related one.
reducing number of http request is very important. | I think your last solution is the best one.
Generate one js file and one css file from php, and don't forget to minimized/gziped them :)
Here is a very good article about optimization : <http://developer.yahoo.com/performance/rules.html> |
7,993,341 | I'm trying to optimize my website. I have a few plugins to include (jquery plugins with CSS), and my own javascript code.
Now I have the CSS in separate files for different plugins, as I downloaded them. And **if I need one** on the actual page, I generate code to include that. The same with the JS files. But when it comes to render a complex page with a lot of stuff, 9 CSS files can be called and 7 or 8 JS files, each of which are HTTP requests.
Should I put the CSS into one big file to reduce the number of included CSS files? But then everything will be interpreted by the browser even if the current page doesn't need so much stuff.
I've thought of a third way: generate CSS and JS files with PHP. Then it'll be always one JS and one CSS file, and only with the things which are needed. Or is it an absurd way?
What do you say, which to use to reduce page load time? | 2011/11/03 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/7993341",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/-1/"
] | It is better to include all CSS in a file and all JS in a file and the minify them using many online services that minify and compress CSS and Javascript. this will reduce the number of http requests as well as volume of data to be downloaded.
If you generate CSS with php then the CSS and JS should be downloaded with every page and generating them takes some time, but if you pack them in one file it downloads once and the browsers caches it.
if your site has many different sections and packing all css in a file makes a huge file then you can pack CSS in two or three file and in each section load the related one.
reducing number of http request is very important. | This depends largely on how your users use your page. If most of the users just view one page then it makes sense to only send them the stuff that they need to display that one page (combining everything into as few requests as possible). On the other hand if most of users view multiple pages then it makes sense to send them more than they need so they will already have the CSS&JS on the next page view. But in this case you have to make sure that you are always generating the same CSS&JS with the same URI, so that the browser will not re-download the same content under a different name. You also have to setup proper HTTP caching.
What I usually do is split JS/CSS in two parts. Every page has a "common.css" and "common.js", which has stuff that every page needs (header/footer/... styles for CSS, and then jquery/common js/... for JS). Then every subpage has it's own JS&CSS that has just the stuff you need for that page (if required). |
7,993,341 | I'm trying to optimize my website. I have a few plugins to include (jquery plugins with CSS), and my own javascript code.
Now I have the CSS in separate files for different plugins, as I downloaded them. And **if I need one** on the actual page, I generate code to include that. The same with the JS files. But when it comes to render a complex page with a lot of stuff, 9 CSS files can be called and 7 or 8 JS files, each of which are HTTP requests.
Should I put the CSS into one big file to reduce the number of included CSS files? But then everything will be interpreted by the browser even if the current page doesn't need so much stuff.
I've thought of a third way: generate CSS and JS files with PHP. Then it'll be always one JS and one CSS file, and only with the things which are needed. Or is it an absurd way?
What do you say, which to use to reduce page load time? | 2011/11/03 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/7993341",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/-1/"
] | It is better to include all CSS in a file and all JS in a file and the minify them using many online services that minify and compress CSS and Javascript. this will reduce the number of http requests as well as volume of data to be downloaded.
If you generate CSS with php then the CSS and JS should be downloaded with every page and generating them takes some time, but if you pack them in one file it downloads once and the browsers caches it.
if your site has many different sections and packing all css in a file makes a huge file then you can pack CSS in two or three file and in each section load the related one.
reducing number of http request is very important. | For me, the best way is somewhere in the middle - for CSS files, you better grab them all, join and compress to one file. For JS code - make for example 3+ files: one with compressed and joined external libs, one with your common stuff, and maybe next files for each bigger section - but I dont think its needed. Maybe splitting your JS code on part needed before user login, and after user login.
Remember to minify and consider asynch loading (with [LAB.js](http://labjs.com/) for example).
Oh, and this php script... I dont think it is good idea - better use/write some script which joins and minifies your statics on compile (or deploy, or even run by hand), so there is no need to generate everythin over and over again. |
631,059 | Was C# compiler written in C++? | 2009/03/10 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/631059",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/51816/"
] | Yes, but there are plans to write a C# compiler in C#, which I believe was discussed in [this podcast](http://deepfriedbytes.com/podcast/episode-27-present-and-future-of-the-csharp-language/). | Yes.
The Mono C# compiler is written in C#. |
631,059 | Was C# compiler written in C++? | 2009/03/10 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/631059",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/51816/"
] | Yes, but there are plans to write a C# compiler in C#, which I believe was discussed in [this podcast](http://deepfriedbytes.com/podcast/episode-27-present-and-future-of-the-csharp-language/). | Yes it was - as majority of CLR. If you want to see the internals of CLR and/or compilers I would strongly recommend Shared Source CLI from Microsoft (aka Rotor):
* [Microsoft Download](http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyId=8C09FD61-3F26-4555-AE17-3121B4F51D4D&displaylang=en)
* [Wikipedia](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shared_Source_Common_Language_Infrastructure)
* [Shared Source Internals book](http://callvirt.net/blog/entry.aspx?entryid=b9a94d0c-761a-4d6b-bc2f-d6a5f8c1a4a7)
But, there is actually a compiler written in C#. I believe that [Mono](http://www.mono-project.com/Main_Page) is written that way. Download [Mono sources](http://ftp.novell.com/pub/mono/sources-stable/) and find out for yourself. |
631,059 | Was C# compiler written in C++? | 2009/03/10 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/631059",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/51816/"
] | Yes, but there are plans to write a C# compiler in C#, which I believe was discussed in [this podcast](http://deepfriedbytes.com/podcast/episode-27-present-and-future-of-the-csharp-language/). | The .NET framework was written in Simple Managed C (SMC)
**History**
>
> During the development of the .NET Framework, the class libraries were originally written using a managed code compiler system called Simple Managed C (SMC).In January 1999, Anders Hejlsberg formed a team to build a new language at the time called Cool, which stood for "C-like Object Oriented Language".[16] Microsoft had considered keeping the name "Cool" as the final name of the language, but chose not to do so for trademark reasons. By the time the .NET project was publicly announced at the July 2000 Professional Developers Conference, the language had been renamed C#, and the class libraries and ASP.NET runtime had been ported to C#.
>
>
>
From: <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp_%28programming_language%29> |
631,059 | Was C# compiler written in C++? | 2009/03/10 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/631059",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/51816/"
] | Yes, but there are plans to write a C# compiler in C#, which I believe was discussed in [this podcast](http://deepfriedbytes.com/podcast/episode-27-present-and-future-of-the-csharp-language/). | There is a new (as of late 2011) C# and VB compiler written by Microsoft called [Roslyn](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Roslyn) which is written in C# and VB.NET respectively. Project page is [here](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/roslyn). The Roslyn compiler is written as a library that exposes a rich public API. There is a news article [here](http://www.infoworld.com/d/application-development/microsofts-roslyn-reinventing-the-compiler-we-know-it-176671) about it from InfoWorld.
UPDATE:
As of April 3, 2014, Roslyn is open source under the Apache License 2.0. |
631,059 | Was C# compiler written in C++? | 2009/03/10 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/631059",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/51816/"
] | Yes.
The Mono C# compiler is written in C#. | Yes it was - as majority of CLR. If you want to see the internals of CLR and/or compilers I would strongly recommend Shared Source CLI from Microsoft (aka Rotor):
* [Microsoft Download](http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyId=8C09FD61-3F26-4555-AE17-3121B4F51D4D&displaylang=en)
* [Wikipedia](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shared_Source_Common_Language_Infrastructure)
* [Shared Source Internals book](http://callvirt.net/blog/entry.aspx?entryid=b9a94d0c-761a-4d6b-bc2f-d6a5f8c1a4a7)
But, there is actually a compiler written in C#. I believe that [Mono](http://www.mono-project.com/Main_Page) is written that way. Download [Mono sources](http://ftp.novell.com/pub/mono/sources-stable/) and find out for yourself. |
631,059 | Was C# compiler written in C++? | 2009/03/10 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/631059",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/51816/"
] | Yes.
The Mono C# compiler is written in C#. | The .NET framework was written in Simple Managed C (SMC)
**History**
>
> During the development of the .NET Framework, the class libraries were originally written using a managed code compiler system called Simple Managed C (SMC).In January 1999, Anders Hejlsberg formed a team to build a new language at the time called Cool, which stood for "C-like Object Oriented Language".[16] Microsoft had considered keeping the name "Cool" as the final name of the language, but chose not to do so for trademark reasons. By the time the .NET project was publicly announced at the July 2000 Professional Developers Conference, the language had been renamed C#, and the class libraries and ASP.NET runtime had been ported to C#.
>
>
>
From: <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp_%28programming_language%29> |
631,059 | Was C# compiler written in C++? | 2009/03/10 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/631059",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/51816/"
] | Yes.
The Mono C# compiler is written in C#. | There is a new (as of late 2011) C# and VB compiler written by Microsoft called [Roslyn](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Roslyn) which is written in C# and VB.NET respectively. Project page is [here](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/roslyn). The Roslyn compiler is written as a library that exposes a rich public API. There is a news article [here](http://www.infoworld.com/d/application-development/microsofts-roslyn-reinventing-the-compiler-we-know-it-176671) about it from InfoWorld.
UPDATE:
As of April 3, 2014, Roslyn is open source under the Apache License 2.0. |
631,059 | Was C# compiler written in C++? | 2009/03/10 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/631059",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/51816/"
] | The .NET framework was written in Simple Managed C (SMC)
**History**
>
> During the development of the .NET Framework, the class libraries were originally written using a managed code compiler system called Simple Managed C (SMC).In January 1999, Anders Hejlsberg formed a team to build a new language at the time called Cool, which stood for "C-like Object Oriented Language".[16] Microsoft had considered keeping the name "Cool" as the final name of the language, but chose not to do so for trademark reasons. By the time the .NET project was publicly announced at the July 2000 Professional Developers Conference, the language had been renamed C#, and the class libraries and ASP.NET runtime had been ported to C#.
>
>
>
From: <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp_%28programming_language%29> | Yes it was - as majority of CLR. If you want to see the internals of CLR and/or compilers I would strongly recommend Shared Source CLI from Microsoft (aka Rotor):
* [Microsoft Download](http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyId=8C09FD61-3F26-4555-AE17-3121B4F51D4D&displaylang=en)
* [Wikipedia](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shared_Source_Common_Language_Infrastructure)
* [Shared Source Internals book](http://callvirt.net/blog/entry.aspx?entryid=b9a94d0c-761a-4d6b-bc2f-d6a5f8c1a4a7)
But, there is actually a compiler written in C#. I believe that [Mono](http://www.mono-project.com/Main_Page) is written that way. Download [Mono sources](http://ftp.novell.com/pub/mono/sources-stable/) and find out for yourself. |
631,059 | Was C# compiler written in C++? | 2009/03/10 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/631059",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/51816/"
] | The .NET framework was written in Simple Managed C (SMC)
**History**
>
> During the development of the .NET Framework, the class libraries were originally written using a managed code compiler system called Simple Managed C (SMC).In January 1999, Anders Hejlsberg formed a team to build a new language at the time called Cool, which stood for "C-like Object Oriented Language".[16] Microsoft had considered keeping the name "Cool" as the final name of the language, but chose not to do so for trademark reasons. By the time the .NET project was publicly announced at the July 2000 Professional Developers Conference, the language had been renamed C#, and the class libraries and ASP.NET runtime had been ported to C#.
>
>
>
From: <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp_%28programming_language%29> | There is a new (as of late 2011) C# and VB compiler written by Microsoft called [Roslyn](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Roslyn) which is written in C# and VB.NET respectively. Project page is [here](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/roslyn). The Roslyn compiler is written as a library that exposes a rich public API. There is a news article [here](http://www.infoworld.com/d/application-development/microsofts-roslyn-reinventing-the-compiler-we-know-it-176671) about it from InfoWorld.
UPDATE:
As of April 3, 2014, Roslyn is open source under the Apache License 2.0. |
2,714,623 | So I'm basically brand new to the concept of BI, and I've inherited an existing ETL process that is a two step process:
1. Loads the data into a database that is only used by the cube processing
2. Starts off the SSAS cube processing against said database
It seems pretty well isolated, but occasionally (once a week, sometimes twice) it will fail with the following exception:
"Errors in the OLAP storage engine: The attribute key cannot be found"
Now the interesting thing is that:
1. The dimension having the issue is not usually the same one (i.e. there's **no single dimension that consistently has this failure**)
2. **The source table**, when I inspect it, **does actually contain the attribute key** that it says could not be found
3. **If I then immediately reprocess** the dimensions and cubes manually through SSMS, **they reprocess successfully** and without incident.
In both the aforementioned job and when I reprocess them through SSMS, I am using "ProcessFull", so it should be reprocessing them completely.
Has anyone run into such an issue? I'm scratching my head about it... because if it was a genuine data integrity issue, reprocessing the cube again wouldn't fix it. What on earth could be happening? I've been tasked with finding out why this happens, but I can neither reproduce it consistently nor can I point to a data integrity problem as the root cause.
Thanks for any input you can provide! | 2010/04/26 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2714623",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/3068/"
] | I ran into a simular issue and i found that processing the dimentions before processing the cube worked for me. | You said the package starts the processing, what are the settings for the processing?
I'm wondering if it is processing the dimensions last, that could explain it. That would probably only happen on a full process if the number of transactions and parallelism are unusual. Check the settings on your manual full process, versus the settings on the automated process. |
2,714,623 | So I'm basically brand new to the concept of BI, and I've inherited an existing ETL process that is a two step process:
1. Loads the data into a database that is only used by the cube processing
2. Starts off the SSAS cube processing against said database
It seems pretty well isolated, but occasionally (once a week, sometimes twice) it will fail with the following exception:
"Errors in the OLAP storage engine: The attribute key cannot be found"
Now the interesting thing is that:
1. The dimension having the issue is not usually the same one (i.e. there's **no single dimension that consistently has this failure**)
2. **The source table**, when I inspect it, **does actually contain the attribute key** that it says could not be found
3. **If I then immediately reprocess** the dimensions and cubes manually through SSMS, **they reprocess successfully** and without incident.
In both the aforementioned job and when I reprocess them through SSMS, I am using "ProcessFull", so it should be reprocessing them completely.
Has anyone run into such an issue? I'm scratching my head about it... because if it was a genuine data integrity issue, reprocessing the cube again wouldn't fix it. What on earth could be happening? I've been tasked with finding out why this happens, but I can neither reproduce it consistently nor can I point to a data integrity problem as the root cause.
Thanks for any input you can provide! | 2010/04/26 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2714623",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/3068/"
] | I ran into a simular issue and i found that processing the dimentions before processing the cube worked for me. | Dimensions should always be processed first.
How else will the cube know how to map things out?
There may have been a sale of a new item that appears in the fact table, but which has not been added to the products dimension, for example. It will not be able to perform the join and will fail. |
2,714,623 | So I'm basically brand new to the concept of BI, and I've inherited an existing ETL process that is a two step process:
1. Loads the data into a database that is only used by the cube processing
2. Starts off the SSAS cube processing against said database
It seems pretty well isolated, but occasionally (once a week, sometimes twice) it will fail with the following exception:
"Errors in the OLAP storage engine: The attribute key cannot be found"
Now the interesting thing is that:
1. The dimension having the issue is not usually the same one (i.e. there's **no single dimension that consistently has this failure**)
2. **The source table**, when I inspect it, **does actually contain the attribute key** that it says could not be found
3. **If I then immediately reprocess** the dimensions and cubes manually through SSMS, **they reprocess successfully** and without incident.
In both the aforementioned job and when I reprocess them through SSMS, I am using "ProcessFull", so it should be reprocessing them completely.
Has anyone run into such an issue? I'm scratching my head about it... because if it was a genuine data integrity issue, reprocessing the cube again wouldn't fix it. What on earth could be happening? I've been tasked with finding out why this happens, but I can neither reproduce it consistently nor can I point to a data integrity problem as the root cause.
Thanks for any input you can provide! | 2010/04/26 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2714623",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/3068/"
] | I ran into a simular issue and i found that processing the dimentions before processing the cube worked for me. | I have seen something similar with both AS2005 and AS2008. We get the Dimension Key not found error, despite the dimensions having been processed.
We load and process dimensions daily. On the first of the month, new partitions are created. On the first weekend of the month, after the daily dimension processing, fact tables are loaded and the partitions processed. All this is done via SSIS. For several months now, partition processing has been failing. If we wait a day, let the daily dimension processing run once, the partitions then process OK. Testing has shown that running ProcessUpdate on one key dimension AFTER a fact table has loaded allows the associated partition to process. Note that the interaction is specific to each partition and depends on the fact table being loaded. If we load fact table A, process the dimension, then partition A will process. If we're late loading fact table B, we'll have to wait for the dimension processing to run again before partition B will process.
It's well known that a dimension ProcessUpdate will invalidate associated partition indexes and aggregations, so there are ties between dimension and partition processing. I suspect we may be seeing some additional undocumented interaction. |
63,341,312 | In using Safari 13.1.2 on OSX 10.15.6, I am using the developer tools to inspect network traffic. I have Preserve Logs checked but the option to Export HAR is disabled (greyed out).
How can I enable this?
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/7Aj1A.png) | 2020/08/10 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/63341312",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/321739/"
] | What worked for me was refreshing the page while keeping the Network tab open. | I dont have that option I had to right click a network request and then export har.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/eW1U5.png) |
31,397,054 | I have been doing a prep course for telegraph academy and they provide us with html links that we open in a browser and use the javascript console to log our work. the only problem is my work never shows up when I open my console. I have saved all my sublime work files as javascript files and made the syntax for those files javascript as well. I also made sure that it is the exact same file name in my html file as my javascript files. I open chrome and its just a blank console. I can see the files in the source tab but I can't see them in the console tab. This was also the case with my work in the first week. It is week 2 and I still have this problem, but this is more of an issue because I am debugging this week so I need to have my console. Any advice helps | 2015/07/14 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/31397054",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/5090363/"
] | There are many reasons for this. But it usually happens when there is a bug in the js file. Since Javascript is interpreted, the execution simply stops when there is a bug. So, try setting up breakpoints in the js file, and debug them. | The JavaScript console in chrome is purely for debugging. It will show errors, or script messages when they occur, but will not save anything or log requests.
You may want to contact the Academy you are with, and ask for clarification. |
16,883 | This question is not about user folders, but rather the Public user folder on Windows 7.
How do you map folders such as Music, Pictures, Video to a different location.
If you right click, go to properties, and look at the location tab it's not editable on Windows 7. | 2009/08/01 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/16883",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/3107/"
] | [Move or Change Vista Documents, Pictures, Music, Videos, Games and Other Personal Folders Location](http://www.mydigitallife.info/move-or-change-vista-documents-pictures-music-videos-games-and-other-personal-folders-location) | I was trying to confirm your issue, but I have no problems changing the location of any of the folders within the `Public` user folder.
* Have you tried to simply move the
folder elsewhere?
+ You might not have the appropriate permissions |
16,883 | This question is not about user folders, but rather the Public user folder on Windows 7.
How do you map folders such as Music, Pictures, Video to a different location.
If you right click, go to properties, and look at the location tab it's not editable on Windows 7. | 2009/08/01 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/16883",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/3107/"
] | [This link](http://social.answers.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/w7files/thread/924138a5-bdb2-4ab4-870b-57b3a8b8ff44) at Microsoft has some detailed instructions - I didn't find safe mode necessary just using an administrator-level command. | I was trying to confirm your issue, but I have no problems changing the location of any of the folders within the `Public` user folder.
* Have you tried to simply move the
folder elsewhere?
+ You might not have the appropriate permissions |
16,883 | This question is not about user folders, but rather the Public user folder on Windows 7.
How do you map folders such as Music, Pictures, Video to a different location.
If you right click, go to properties, and look at the location tab it's not editable on Windows 7. | 2009/08/01 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/16883",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/3107/"
] | The solution posted by Ivo did not work for me. As Omar originally wrote, the textbox within the location tab was not mutable, and there were no browse or move buttons.
I found the following solution which worked for me:
1. Close all folder windows.
2. Open an elevated Command Prompt window by clicking Start, All Programs, Accessories, right-click Command Prompt, and then click Run as administrator.
3. Click the Start button. Press and hold the CTRL and SHIFT keys, and right-click on an empty area in the Start menu. You’ll see a Popup menu containing the two options namely Exit Explorer and Properties. Choose "Exit Explorer". Your start menu and task bar will disappear.
4. Switch to the admin Command Prompt window
5. In the Command Prompt, type explorer.exe and press ENTER. This starts the Shell under elevated privileges.
6. Now you can open up the original public folders and should have full access to the location tab, including restore, move, and "find target" buttons.
7. Once you've done moving your public folders, log off and then log back in to return explorer to pre-elevated levels. This is an important security step.
For reference, the above is summarized from here: [Move Button Missing From the Location Tab for Public Folders in Windows Vista](http://www.winhelponline.com/blog/move-button-missing-location-tab-for-public-folders-in-vista/)
---
If the **administrator account is enabled**, simply log in as administrator and you should have full access to the location tab of public folders. The above mentioned solution may not work anyways in this case.
If you want to enable the administrator account, see: [Enabling the administrator account in windows 7](https://superuser.com/questions/599398/enabling-the-administrator-accoutn-in-windows-7) | I was trying to confirm your issue, but I have no problems changing the location of any of the folders within the `Public` user folder.
* Have you tried to simply move the
folder elsewhere?
+ You might not have the appropriate permissions |
16,883 | This question is not about user folders, but rather the Public user folder on Windows 7.
How do you map folders such as Music, Pictures, Video to a different location.
If you right click, go to properties, and look at the location tab it's not editable on Windows 7. | 2009/08/01 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/16883",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/3107/"
] | I was trying to confirm your issue, but I have no problems changing the location of any of the folders within the `Public` user folder.
* Have you tried to simply move the
folder elsewhere?
+ You might not have the appropriate permissions | You could just replace them by [creating symlinks](https://superuser.com/questions/347930/what-are-the-various-link-types-in-windows-how-do-i-create-them/347946#347946). |
16,883 | This question is not about user folders, but rather the Public user folder on Windows 7.
How do you map folders such as Music, Pictures, Video to a different location.
If you right click, go to properties, and look at the location tab it's not editable on Windows 7. | 2009/08/01 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/16883",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/3107/"
] | [Move or Change Vista Documents, Pictures, Music, Videos, Games and Other Personal Folders Location](http://www.mydigitallife.info/move-or-change-vista-documents-pictures-music-videos-games-and-other-personal-folders-location) | [This link](http://social.answers.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/w7files/thread/924138a5-bdb2-4ab4-870b-57b3a8b8ff44) at Microsoft has some detailed instructions - I didn't find safe mode necessary just using an administrator-level command. |
16,883 | This question is not about user folders, but rather the Public user folder on Windows 7.
How do you map folders such as Music, Pictures, Video to a different location.
If you right click, go to properties, and look at the location tab it's not editable on Windows 7. | 2009/08/01 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/16883",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/3107/"
] | The solution posted by Ivo did not work for me. As Omar originally wrote, the textbox within the location tab was not mutable, and there were no browse or move buttons.
I found the following solution which worked for me:
1. Close all folder windows.
2. Open an elevated Command Prompt window by clicking Start, All Programs, Accessories, right-click Command Prompt, and then click Run as administrator.
3. Click the Start button. Press and hold the CTRL and SHIFT keys, and right-click on an empty area in the Start menu. You’ll see a Popup menu containing the two options namely Exit Explorer and Properties. Choose "Exit Explorer". Your start menu and task bar will disappear.
4. Switch to the admin Command Prompt window
5. In the Command Prompt, type explorer.exe and press ENTER. This starts the Shell under elevated privileges.
6. Now you can open up the original public folders and should have full access to the location tab, including restore, move, and "find target" buttons.
7. Once you've done moving your public folders, log off and then log back in to return explorer to pre-elevated levels. This is an important security step.
For reference, the above is summarized from here: [Move Button Missing From the Location Tab for Public Folders in Windows Vista](http://www.winhelponline.com/blog/move-button-missing-location-tab-for-public-folders-in-vista/)
---
If the **administrator account is enabled**, simply log in as administrator and you should have full access to the location tab of public folders. The above mentioned solution may not work anyways in this case.
If you want to enable the administrator account, see: [Enabling the administrator account in windows 7](https://superuser.com/questions/599398/enabling-the-administrator-accoutn-in-windows-7) | [Move or Change Vista Documents, Pictures, Music, Videos, Games and Other Personal Folders Location](http://www.mydigitallife.info/move-or-change-vista-documents-pictures-music-videos-games-and-other-personal-folders-location) |
16,883 | This question is not about user folders, but rather the Public user folder on Windows 7.
How do you map folders such as Music, Pictures, Video to a different location.
If you right click, go to properties, and look at the location tab it's not editable on Windows 7. | 2009/08/01 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/16883",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/3107/"
] | [Move or Change Vista Documents, Pictures, Music, Videos, Games and Other Personal Folders Location](http://www.mydigitallife.info/move-or-change-vista-documents-pictures-music-videos-games-and-other-personal-folders-location) | You could just replace them by [creating symlinks](https://superuser.com/questions/347930/what-are-the-various-link-types-in-windows-how-do-i-create-them/347946#347946). |
16,883 | This question is not about user folders, but rather the Public user folder on Windows 7.
How do you map folders such as Music, Pictures, Video to a different location.
If you right click, go to properties, and look at the location tab it's not editable on Windows 7. | 2009/08/01 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/16883",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/3107/"
] | The solution posted by Ivo did not work for me. As Omar originally wrote, the textbox within the location tab was not mutable, and there were no browse or move buttons.
I found the following solution which worked for me:
1. Close all folder windows.
2. Open an elevated Command Prompt window by clicking Start, All Programs, Accessories, right-click Command Prompt, and then click Run as administrator.
3. Click the Start button. Press and hold the CTRL and SHIFT keys, and right-click on an empty area in the Start menu. You’ll see a Popup menu containing the two options namely Exit Explorer and Properties. Choose "Exit Explorer". Your start menu and task bar will disappear.
4. Switch to the admin Command Prompt window
5. In the Command Prompt, type explorer.exe and press ENTER. This starts the Shell under elevated privileges.
6. Now you can open up the original public folders and should have full access to the location tab, including restore, move, and "find target" buttons.
7. Once you've done moving your public folders, log off and then log back in to return explorer to pre-elevated levels. This is an important security step.
For reference, the above is summarized from here: [Move Button Missing From the Location Tab for Public Folders in Windows Vista](http://www.winhelponline.com/blog/move-button-missing-location-tab-for-public-folders-in-vista/)
---
If the **administrator account is enabled**, simply log in as administrator and you should have full access to the location tab of public folders. The above mentioned solution may not work anyways in this case.
If you want to enable the administrator account, see: [Enabling the administrator account in windows 7](https://superuser.com/questions/599398/enabling-the-administrator-accoutn-in-windows-7) | [This link](http://social.answers.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/w7files/thread/924138a5-bdb2-4ab4-870b-57b3a8b8ff44) at Microsoft has some detailed instructions - I didn't find safe mode necessary just using an administrator-level command. |
16,883 | This question is not about user folders, but rather the Public user folder on Windows 7.
How do you map folders such as Music, Pictures, Video to a different location.
If you right click, go to properties, and look at the location tab it's not editable on Windows 7. | 2009/08/01 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/16883",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/3107/"
] | [This link](http://social.answers.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/w7files/thread/924138a5-bdb2-4ab4-870b-57b3a8b8ff44) at Microsoft has some detailed instructions - I didn't find safe mode necessary just using an administrator-level command. | You could just replace them by [creating symlinks](https://superuser.com/questions/347930/what-are-the-various-link-types-in-windows-how-do-i-create-them/347946#347946). |
16,883 | This question is not about user folders, but rather the Public user folder on Windows 7.
How do you map folders such as Music, Pictures, Video to a different location.
If you right click, go to properties, and look at the location tab it's not editable on Windows 7. | 2009/08/01 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/16883",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/3107/"
] | The solution posted by Ivo did not work for me. As Omar originally wrote, the textbox within the location tab was not mutable, and there were no browse or move buttons.
I found the following solution which worked for me:
1. Close all folder windows.
2. Open an elevated Command Prompt window by clicking Start, All Programs, Accessories, right-click Command Prompt, and then click Run as administrator.
3. Click the Start button. Press and hold the CTRL and SHIFT keys, and right-click on an empty area in the Start menu. You’ll see a Popup menu containing the two options namely Exit Explorer and Properties. Choose "Exit Explorer". Your start menu and task bar will disappear.
4. Switch to the admin Command Prompt window
5. In the Command Prompt, type explorer.exe and press ENTER. This starts the Shell under elevated privileges.
6. Now you can open up the original public folders and should have full access to the location tab, including restore, move, and "find target" buttons.
7. Once you've done moving your public folders, log off and then log back in to return explorer to pre-elevated levels. This is an important security step.
For reference, the above is summarized from here: [Move Button Missing From the Location Tab for Public Folders in Windows Vista](http://www.winhelponline.com/blog/move-button-missing-location-tab-for-public-folders-in-vista/)
---
If the **administrator account is enabled**, simply log in as administrator and you should have full access to the location tab of public folders. The above mentioned solution may not work anyways in this case.
If you want to enable the administrator account, see: [Enabling the administrator account in windows 7](https://superuser.com/questions/599398/enabling-the-administrator-accoutn-in-windows-7) | You could just replace them by [creating symlinks](https://superuser.com/questions/347930/what-are-the-various-link-types-in-windows-how-do-i-create-them/347946#347946). |
193,056 | Summary
-------
Similarly to how [gerrit](https://academia.stackexchange.com/users/1033/gerrit) asked "[Is there any research on the prevalence of academic theft?](https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/27472/is-there-any-research-on-the-prevalence-of-academic-theft)", I am wondering if there are any surveys or studies on the forms and prevalence of "systemic corruption" (definition below) in Academia. I refer in particular to corruption where people systematically ignore the rules, sometimes for "good reasons" (i.e. not for their direct benefit), but in such a way that it somehow justify others' abuses, ignoring the same rules for their own benefit.
As a member of Academia (in particular while being in Latin America), I would like to make my modest contribution to reduce the prevalence of such corruption, if only by showing the example and teaching about it to students. Are there any documentation around which can help in such an endeavor?
I list below Wikipedia's definition and some examples of such systemic corruption, along with more details about my motivation in asking such a question.
---
Definition of Systemic Corruption
---------------------------------
The [wikipedia page about Corruption](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption) defines various types of corruption, among which "Systemic corruption, defined as
>
> corruption which is primarily due to the weaknesses of an organization or process. It can be contrasted with individual officials or agents who act corruptly within the system.
>
>
>
---
Examples of systemic corruption in academia
-------------------------------------------
(disclaimer: some of those I witnessed, and some others I was suggested to perform by the hierarchy and/or secretaries):
1. Requesting money for one item and using it for another one. If requesting travel or salary money for person A so that it can be used to pay person B because the rules prevent or complicate paying to B, it can be done for reasons that both consider "good" (e.g. sending a student to a conference) but open the door to such rules to be abused (e.g. paying someone for a job they did not do).
2. Requesting a letter of invitation for a longer period of time than the actual visit, "to simplify things". When justifying a (paid) trip to various places/countries in the same trip, for distinct research projects, one could consider to ask a single invitation letter for the whole period rather than 3 distinct ones for the respective periods, to "simplify things" for the administration which has to decide whether to allow the trip or not, but it opens the door to people having the university to pay for their (extended) vacations.
3. Adding colleagues as co-authors to publications "because they need it" or asking colleagues to add one as a coauthor. [A colleague was recently suggested to do so by the director of their department to compensate their lack of publications after a period of intense administrative responsibilities, arguing that "everybody does it" (which I strongly disagree with).] One can be "generous" with co-authorship as a general principle, (among other reasons, because measuring each contribution is problematic, and expecting the n co-authors of a publication to contribute exactly the same would be complicated to enforce), but it seems to be one step on the path to adding (a) co-author(s) after the article has been completely redacted as part of a "collusion deal" to increase publication numbers.
4. Shortening classes in agreement with the students without informing the administration. It is hard to maintain attention for 1h30, so it is a common practice to take a break in the middle. I saw some instructors deciding for the class to start 30mns late (arguing that "the students are always late anyway) and teaching only for 1h, and others ending the class 30mns early. It might make sense in term of student attention, but it might also open the door to abuses.
5. Skipping classes (in agreement with the students) without informing the administration. Some universities explicitly require professors to name an official replacement for their teaching duties during periods for which they have been allowed to travel (and check that the teaching duties of such replacement do not intersect with those of the traveling professor). When setting-up such "replacement", it seems common to request a "virtual replacement" where the replacement is just in name, and the students are "freed" of classes during the corresponding period. Such practice might seem justified for short periods of time (e.g. 1 week), but could be abused by being used for much longer periods of time, in a way detrimental to the student's learning.
6. Self-Plagiarism: when using a similar technique in two (or more) distinct publications (for distinct problems), duplicate the technical proof with minor corrections rather than "refactoring" it into a technical lemma in the first publication, to be cited in the later ones. Failing to do so might be just blamed to bad redaction, but it can be abused in order to make a publication "more technical" and novel than it really is.
Those are just examples which come to mind or which I witnessed, I am sure that there are many others. I am curious as to how prevalent such examples are, and of resources to help (young and less young) academics to
* convince their peers at an institution to ban/reduce/fight some of such practices, locally considered "normal" and wide-spread, with arguments that such practices are globally NOT considered that normal, and definitely not that wide-spread in academia at the world level; or at least
* convince students and young researchers NOT to adopt the local customs, with some arguments about what is accepted and what is not accepted in other institutions (where they could land a job in the future).
---
Motivation for the question
---------------------------
I witnessed various instances (some benign, some more grave) of such "systemic corruption" in academia in Latin America, but this gives only anecdotal evidence. I discussed it with some international colleagues, which also only gives anecdotal information about their prevalence:
1. (some) colleagues from Latin America *do not consider as corruption per se* (for them, "corruption" rather corresponds to what the wikipedia page refers to as "Petty Corruption" and "Systemic Corruption"); while
2. (some) colleagues from Europe react by saying that *such corruption exists in Europe too* (with which I would agree although I think they do not understand the difference in prevalence) and
3. (some) colleagues from North America condemn such corruption (but admit that some of it exist also in some "bad" places in North America).
I understand at least some of the mechanisms behind such corruption: the people practicing it are mostly doing so in order to get around inadequate legislation and not for direct personal benefit, a type of legislation that they cannot change on their own. While understandable, this is highly detrimental to society in various ways:
* in some cases the amount (mental, time, money, etc.) energy wasted in multitudes getting around a single "stupid" rule by out weights by far the amount of energy which would be required to design and switch to a better rule, *if only people could coordinate*;
* in all cases, having most people disobeying a rule (without abusing it) opens the door for a few individuals to abuse disobeying such a rule (each decides to which point to disobey the rule), which is later used to justify even stricter rules, which more people will try to get around of in order to simply doing their job, in an endless vicious cycle. | 2023/01/31 | [
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/193056",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/users/1318/"
] | I was not able to find up-to-date data on the academic corruption worldwide, the closest result would probably be [Transparency.org's](https://www.transparency.org/en/gcb/global/global-corruption-barometer-2017) Global Corruption Barometer. As is typical for social studies, there are multiple caveats to the methodology; numbers may be hard to interpret: for example, Belgium has a low rate of bribery, yet the perception of corruption by institution (Table 2) is high overall and exceeding that of Bangladesh, which has a much higher bribery rate ([from the 2013 report](https://images.transparencycdn.org/images/2013_GlobalCorruptionBarometer_EN_200525_112757.pdf)). That is to say, you are completely correct in noting that the same practice may be perceived as normal in one country and completely off-limits in another, and that would heavily affect the implications of any analysis.
To approach the systematic aspect of corruption in academia in particular, I would start with [this highly cited paper](https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327930pje8001_5) (Rumyantseva, 2005), which attempts to build a taxonomy of academic corruption. It distinguishes between administrative corruption and education-specific corruption, and further divides the latter into cases falling under "academic corruption" and "corruptions in services". However, it does not discuss prevalence of these cases and generally sticks to more obvious, even blatant examples throughout the text.
[This review](https://www.alexandria.unisg.ch/254858/) (Denisova-Schmidt, 2018) and references therein offer a more detailed view on the prevalence of corruption cases. This includes high-profile public figures in the educational sector:
>
> In 2016, the Ministers of Education of Armenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Russia, and Ukraine were all implicated in conflicts of interest. In addition, some or all the deputy Ministers of Education in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Croatia, Moldova, Serbia, and Ukraine, as well as some members of the cabinets in Armenia and Kazakhstan, have also been accused of having conflicts of interest.
>
>
>
In Russia, rampant corruption and plagiarism have prompted a formation of a vigilante group within the academic community - [Dissernet](https://www.dissernet.org/). This is not to single out Russia or ex-USSR countries, although the situation is certainly problematic there. It is not a coincidence two of the authors I have cited so far have Slavic names. Many developing countries are experiencing similar growth pains, too. For an example more relevant to you, a [high-level overview of this transition in Latin America](https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED511961) (Segrera, 2010) is concerned with reasons behind these pains.
For the **advice on fighting corruption**, I will refer to Denisova-Schmidt again:
>
> In order to combat this corruption, the faculty should present their assignments and expectations more clearly to the students, stipulating their educational and cultural backgrounds.
>
>
>
She then stresses:
>
> Faculty members should serve as role models, however. If they also cheat, they might not be able to demand the opposite behaviour from their students.
>
>
>
And
>
> General research on corruption suggests not fighting corruption in general but rather focusing on specific malpractices [...]
>
>
>
Coming from a somewhat similar background, I may only add to this advice one thing: do not put much effort in combating corruption where you can not provide a positive example. Pick your fights. Keep serving as a role model. But lecturing anyone on morals is not going to be particularly effective unless you can show your example *works*, that one does not *have* to offer bribes to be able to put bread on the table. As long as people keep trying, as long as they hope for a better future, there is progress. Do not demand it to be "all or nothing", because you will keep getting nothing. Offer encouragement and forgiveness. | Certainly there is corruption but it takes at least two different forms. I can only speak for the US, however.
There is minor corruption that is probably pretty common with people cutting corners, even so minor as taking home a ream of paper for their home printer when it will be used "mostly" for work. Padding of expense accounts for travel might qualify. This might not be a managed issue as the individual occurrences are small enough that policing them is more expensive than letting it go. But, I'd expect that a few people are fired over such issues. I don't see universities (reputable universities) as corruption machines that make such things easy.
The other kind of corruption is when a university is actually founded and organized around a corrupt purpose, say the financial or political benefit of the founders. *Trump University* was shut down and fined over such things. A few (not all) "religious" colleges in the US have a similar reputation. Even some technical "for profit" schools have run afoul of the law. And some schools have badly abused the student loan system to their own benefit. But these sorts of things are relatively localized, and aren't representative of the higher education system in general.
One feature of higher education that some consider corrupt is the tight relationship between some university presidents and the board of trustees resulting in very high salary. But this is done in the open, generally speaking, so may not be "corrupt" in the classical sense. Undesirable, perhaps. |
9,356,681 | In my application, there are 5 tabbar items. When I am in 2nd tabbar item and I perform some operation in that tab, I have to get controller of 1st tab, so that I will be in the 1st tab. How might I achieve this? | 2012/02/20 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/9356681",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/562158/"
] | Use the FOSUserBundle.... It handles all user related features. Custom queries are done in it's own repository like UserRepository. Then its linked to the Entity and can be called from the controller with $em->getRepostory('path to entity')->myQuery(). Its all in the Symfony docs.
FOSUserBundle: <https://github.com/FriendsOfSymfony/FOSUserBundle> | Start with Symfony2's Doctrine documentation:
<http://symfony.com/doc/current/book/doctrine.html> |
2,409,573 | I recently realised that Actionscript and Javascript are both implementations of ECMA script. Now I'm wondering what this means in practice.
I have a Flex application written in Actionscript and I'm looking at porting parts of it to Javascript for use in AJAX apps. I have had virtually no exposure to JS so far (not counting occasional onClick handlers in my HTML), so maybe the question is silly. But can I just take my Actionscript classes and use them in JS code?
Naturally, I can't use any of the Flash Player APIs in JS and no DOM in my Flash movie, this much is obvious. Are there other important libraries on either side that can't be used on the other? | 2010/03/09 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2409573",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2077/"
] | No, not usually. The languages are similar but different. Case-sensitivity of identifiers is one big one (for old versions of ActionScript). | There are AS2 and AS3 languages and they are based on different versions of ECMA script and not compatible. Application code on AS2 without flash API is quite similar to js. |
2,409,573 | I recently realised that Actionscript and Javascript are both implementations of ECMA script. Now I'm wondering what this means in practice.
I have a Flex application written in Actionscript and I'm looking at porting parts of it to Javascript for use in AJAX apps. I have had virtually no exposure to JS so far (not counting occasional onClick handlers in my HTML), so maybe the question is silly. But can I just take my Actionscript classes and use them in JS code?
Naturally, I can't use any of the Flash Player APIs in JS and no DOM in my Flash movie, this much is obvious. Are there other important libraries on either side that can't be used on the other? | 2010/03/09 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2409573",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2077/"
] | AS3 is an ECMA-script dialect at best. It is an implementation of a ECMA-script draft that has been completely dropped. JS is a subset of AS3. However the ActionScript compiler included in the Flex SDK will complain about any untyped variable or function, so you'll have an awfull lot of warnings when you compile.
You should definitely have a look at [Jangaroo](http://www.jangaroo.net/home/).
And, as always, my personal advice is for you to slowly migrate (at least the logical parts of your application) to [Haxe](http://haxe.org/doc/intro) for obvious reasons. You can use [as3tohaxe](http://groups.google.com/group/as3tohaxe/web/about-as3tohaxe), to facilitate porting. | No, not usually. The languages are similar but different. Case-sensitivity of identifiers is one big one (for old versions of ActionScript). |
2,409,573 | I recently realised that Actionscript and Javascript are both implementations of ECMA script. Now I'm wondering what this means in practice.
I have a Flex application written in Actionscript and I'm looking at porting parts of it to Javascript for use in AJAX apps. I have had virtually no exposure to JS so far (not counting occasional onClick handlers in my HTML), so maybe the question is silly. But can I just take my Actionscript classes and use them in JS code?
Naturally, I can't use any of the Flash Player APIs in JS and no DOM in my Flash movie, this much is obvious. Are there other important libraries on either side that can't be used on the other? | 2010/03/09 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2409573",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2077/"
] | AS3 is an ECMA-script dialect at best. It is an implementation of a ECMA-script draft that has been completely dropped. JS is a subset of AS3. However the ActionScript compiler included in the Flex SDK will complain about any untyped variable or function, so you'll have an awfull lot of warnings when you compile.
You should definitely have a look at [Jangaroo](http://www.jangaroo.net/home/).
And, as always, my personal advice is for you to slowly migrate (at least the logical parts of your application) to [Haxe](http://haxe.org/doc/intro) for obvious reasons. You can use [as3tohaxe](http://groups.google.com/group/as3tohaxe/web/about-as3tohaxe), to facilitate porting. | There are AS2 and AS3 languages and they are based on different versions of ECMA script and not compatible. Application code on AS2 without flash API is quite similar to js. |
41,310 | I have a Nikon D3200 and just started shooting in Raw.
Raw files are 18-24mb, and if I convert them to JPEG using Nikon's ViewNX 2, I get 8-12mb files at the top quality and resolution using sRGB; the same size that I would get out-of-camera shooting in JPG with the maximum quality.
Instead using Darktable with the same options (quality 100 and sRGB at the maximum resolution), I get files of 25-30mb, which is a lot — even more than the original Raw.
Is there a reason for that? How can I change it? If it's not possible to change, which setting would you advise me to use in Darktable to get smaller files without loosing too much quality? | 2013/07/29 | [
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/questions/41310",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/users/21122/"
] | It seems that the large file size is expected for the settings you chose.
When I take a NEF image from a Nikon D5100 and convert it to JPEG using the sRGB colour space and quality 100, the result is about 18MB in size. Doing the same with dcraw and ImageMagick's convert also leads to a 18MB file.
JPEG 100 quality should probably be never needed. If you want lossless files, use TIFF. For display JPEG 100 is not needed, you can safely use something like 95 and not be able to tell the difference.
What JPEG compression to pick can be researched further and there are questions about this here, but picking a value in the 90s will significantly reduce the size and be fit for purpose for most applications. | Different encoders use different values for the maximum quality. While JPEG is great at reducing file size by allowing images to be simplified in subtle ways, it's a one trick pony that doesn't look for patterns across the entire image that would allow for the size to be reduced losslessly.
The RAW file on the other hand is likely using a general purpose lossless compression that looks finds patterns that the JPEG encoder isn't finding. That, plus the overhead of the JPEG file format can result in a larger overall file than the original RAW potentially.
As far as different sizes for max quality between encoders, that's simply a result of the difference between values used when encoding "100%". It still isn't lossless and simplification still occurs, but the level of simplification can very from one program to another. Particularly at the higher qualities, relatively small amounts of quality gain can result in significantly more data being needed since you are adding on least significant bits of an already large number of values. |
41,310 | I have a Nikon D3200 and just started shooting in Raw.
Raw files are 18-24mb, and if I convert them to JPEG using Nikon's ViewNX 2, I get 8-12mb files at the top quality and resolution using sRGB; the same size that I would get out-of-camera shooting in JPG with the maximum quality.
Instead using Darktable with the same options (quality 100 and sRGB at the maximum resolution), I get files of 25-30mb, which is a lot — even more than the original Raw.
Is there a reason for that? How can I change it? If it's not possible to change, which setting would you advise me to use in Darktable to get smaller files without loosing too much quality? | 2013/07/29 | [
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/questions/41310",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/users/21122/"
] | Uncompressed RGB files (3 values per pixel) will be larger than your raws, as the raws contain a monochrome bitmap (1 value per pixel), and usually a downscaled, aggressively compressed preview that takes a fraction of the size, 400k for Canon 10MP cameras, and 1M for Nikon D5100 (I know these numbers because I used to read them out of the raw files and store them in a temporary file). Nikon NEFs store full res previews while Canon uses half res, hence the larger fraction.
So you can expect an uncompressed 16bit RGB "bitmap" to be approaching 3 times larger than the raw, and times 3 divided by 2 for 8bit uncompressed. A 16MP 8bit image is 48Mb uncompressed.
Now to the point, since we are talking about jpegs here. It is the uncompressed bitmap size that is the base size for the compression to work its way down from , not the raw size. This means that if you set the compression to be very gentle, it can easily still be larger than the raw.
The jpeg quality numbers are arbitrary - all you know for sure is that quality 100 is larger than 90, and 90 is larger than 80 in the same program. With the JPEGLIB that I use for my jpeg handling a 16MP image becomes 4Mb, and it quickly goes down to 1.7Mb at 95, at no perceivable quality hit. I normally keep it at 80, which is 950k. And flipping between the 4Mb and the 950k file at 100% zoom, I can see no difference. So it seems like overkill that your 100% is barely compressing at all.
So you should take an image with a lot of details and a clear sky, and save then at 100, 90,80,70,60,50, until you can see a quality hit. For your 24MP images you will probably hit that limit at around 1.5Mb, whichever the jpeg quality number that may be in your program. | It seems that the large file size is expected for the settings you chose.
When I take a NEF image from a Nikon D5100 and convert it to JPEG using the sRGB colour space and quality 100, the result is about 18MB in size. Doing the same with dcraw and ImageMagick's convert also leads to a 18MB file.
JPEG 100 quality should probably be never needed. If you want lossless files, use TIFF. For display JPEG 100 is not needed, you can safely use something like 95 and not be able to tell the difference.
What JPEG compression to pick can be researched further and there are questions about this here, but picking a value in the 90s will significantly reduce the size and be fit for purpose for most applications. |
41,310 | I have a Nikon D3200 and just started shooting in Raw.
Raw files are 18-24mb, and if I convert them to JPEG using Nikon's ViewNX 2, I get 8-12mb files at the top quality and resolution using sRGB; the same size that I would get out-of-camera shooting in JPG with the maximum quality.
Instead using Darktable with the same options (quality 100 and sRGB at the maximum resolution), I get files of 25-30mb, which is a lot — even more than the original Raw.
Is there a reason for that? How can I change it? If it's not possible to change, which setting would you advise me to use in Darktable to get smaller files without loosing too much quality? | 2013/07/29 | [
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/questions/41310",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/users/21122/"
] | It seems that the large file size is expected for the settings you chose.
When I take a NEF image from a Nikon D5100 and convert it to JPEG using the sRGB colour space and quality 100, the result is about 18MB in size. Doing the same with dcraw and ImageMagick's convert also leads to a 18MB file.
JPEG 100 quality should probably be never needed. If you want lossless files, use TIFF. For display JPEG 100 is not needed, you can safely use something like 95 and not be able to tell the difference.
What JPEG compression to pick can be researched further and there are questions about this here, but picking a value in the 90s will significantly reduce the size and be fit for purpose for most applications. | The discrepancy in size between JPEGs encoded at "100% quality" in different encoders is likely to be a result of one of the following:
* Different chroma sub-sampling setting. Chroma sub-sampling in JPEGs reduces the spatial resolution of the chroma channels in return for reducing the file size with little noticeable different in quality, at least of most photographic material.
Different JPEG encoders may adjust the chroma sub-sampling differently: some may adjust it along with the quality setting, so a higher quality will also use less sub-sampling. Some may use a different, separate control to the quality setting. And some may not allow any adjustment to this setting at all.
* Differences between how encoders interpret the quality setting. Different JPEG encoders will apply different meanings to the quality setting, so you can't compare quality settings between different encoders.
For example, 80% quality in one encoder may choose similar average quantizer values to 92% quality in another encoder. The quality settings is only indirectly influencing the algorithm that the encoder uses to choose quantizer values for each block in the image. Under the hood, it's these quantizer values that actually affect the quality, and you can't usually adjust these directly.
Even the "100%" quality setting can mean different things between encoders. In some it means to use the lowest quantizers available (preserving the most detail). In others it might not necessarily go that far, or it may (as mentioned above) affect other aspects of the encoding such as the chroma sub-sampling.
Note that the JPEG image will never be *larger* in size than the uncompressed bitmap image, for any normal image. However, comparing it to a RAW file can be a bit misleading since a RAW file would need [several steps](https://photo.stackexchange.com/a/8361/3422) (including a step called *demosaicing*, which will increase size due to interpolation) to expand it out to a proper uncompressed bitmap image. |
41,310 | I have a Nikon D3200 and just started shooting in Raw.
Raw files are 18-24mb, and if I convert them to JPEG using Nikon's ViewNX 2, I get 8-12mb files at the top quality and resolution using sRGB; the same size that I would get out-of-camera shooting in JPG with the maximum quality.
Instead using Darktable with the same options (quality 100 and sRGB at the maximum resolution), I get files of 25-30mb, which is a lot — even more than the original Raw.
Is there a reason for that? How can I change it? If it's not possible to change, which setting would you advise me to use in Darktable to get smaller files without loosing too much quality? | 2013/07/29 | [
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/questions/41310",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/users/21122/"
] | Uncompressed RGB files (3 values per pixel) will be larger than your raws, as the raws contain a monochrome bitmap (1 value per pixel), and usually a downscaled, aggressively compressed preview that takes a fraction of the size, 400k for Canon 10MP cameras, and 1M for Nikon D5100 (I know these numbers because I used to read them out of the raw files and store them in a temporary file). Nikon NEFs store full res previews while Canon uses half res, hence the larger fraction.
So you can expect an uncompressed 16bit RGB "bitmap" to be approaching 3 times larger than the raw, and times 3 divided by 2 for 8bit uncompressed. A 16MP 8bit image is 48Mb uncompressed.
Now to the point, since we are talking about jpegs here. It is the uncompressed bitmap size that is the base size for the compression to work its way down from , not the raw size. This means that if you set the compression to be very gentle, it can easily still be larger than the raw.
The jpeg quality numbers are arbitrary - all you know for sure is that quality 100 is larger than 90, and 90 is larger than 80 in the same program. With the JPEGLIB that I use for my jpeg handling a 16MP image becomes 4Mb, and it quickly goes down to 1.7Mb at 95, at no perceivable quality hit. I normally keep it at 80, which is 950k. And flipping between the 4Mb and the 950k file at 100% zoom, I can see no difference. So it seems like overkill that your 100% is barely compressing at all.
So you should take an image with a lot of details and a clear sky, and save then at 100, 90,80,70,60,50, until you can see a quality hit. For your 24MP images you will probably hit that limit at around 1.5Mb, whichever the jpeg quality number that may be in your program. | Different encoders use different values for the maximum quality. While JPEG is great at reducing file size by allowing images to be simplified in subtle ways, it's a one trick pony that doesn't look for patterns across the entire image that would allow for the size to be reduced losslessly.
The RAW file on the other hand is likely using a general purpose lossless compression that looks finds patterns that the JPEG encoder isn't finding. That, plus the overhead of the JPEG file format can result in a larger overall file than the original RAW potentially.
As far as different sizes for max quality between encoders, that's simply a result of the difference between values used when encoding "100%". It still isn't lossless and simplification still occurs, but the level of simplification can very from one program to another. Particularly at the higher qualities, relatively small amounts of quality gain can result in significantly more data being needed since you are adding on least significant bits of an already large number of values. |
41,310 | I have a Nikon D3200 and just started shooting in Raw.
Raw files are 18-24mb, and if I convert them to JPEG using Nikon's ViewNX 2, I get 8-12mb files at the top quality and resolution using sRGB; the same size that I would get out-of-camera shooting in JPG with the maximum quality.
Instead using Darktable with the same options (quality 100 and sRGB at the maximum resolution), I get files of 25-30mb, which is a lot — even more than the original Raw.
Is there a reason for that? How can I change it? If it's not possible to change, which setting would you advise me to use in Darktable to get smaller files without loosing too much quality? | 2013/07/29 | [
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/questions/41310",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/users/21122/"
] | Uncompressed RGB files (3 values per pixel) will be larger than your raws, as the raws contain a monochrome bitmap (1 value per pixel), and usually a downscaled, aggressively compressed preview that takes a fraction of the size, 400k for Canon 10MP cameras, and 1M for Nikon D5100 (I know these numbers because I used to read them out of the raw files and store them in a temporary file). Nikon NEFs store full res previews while Canon uses half res, hence the larger fraction.
So you can expect an uncompressed 16bit RGB "bitmap" to be approaching 3 times larger than the raw, and times 3 divided by 2 for 8bit uncompressed. A 16MP 8bit image is 48Mb uncompressed.
Now to the point, since we are talking about jpegs here. It is the uncompressed bitmap size that is the base size for the compression to work its way down from , not the raw size. This means that if you set the compression to be very gentle, it can easily still be larger than the raw.
The jpeg quality numbers are arbitrary - all you know for sure is that quality 100 is larger than 90, and 90 is larger than 80 in the same program. With the JPEGLIB that I use for my jpeg handling a 16MP image becomes 4Mb, and it quickly goes down to 1.7Mb at 95, at no perceivable quality hit. I normally keep it at 80, which is 950k. And flipping between the 4Mb and the 950k file at 100% zoom, I can see no difference. So it seems like overkill that your 100% is barely compressing at all.
So you should take an image with a lot of details and a clear sky, and save then at 100, 90,80,70,60,50, until you can see a quality hit. For your 24MP images you will probably hit that limit at around 1.5Mb, whichever the jpeg quality number that may be in your program. | The discrepancy in size between JPEGs encoded at "100% quality" in different encoders is likely to be a result of one of the following:
* Different chroma sub-sampling setting. Chroma sub-sampling in JPEGs reduces the spatial resolution of the chroma channels in return for reducing the file size with little noticeable different in quality, at least of most photographic material.
Different JPEG encoders may adjust the chroma sub-sampling differently: some may adjust it along with the quality setting, so a higher quality will also use less sub-sampling. Some may use a different, separate control to the quality setting. And some may not allow any adjustment to this setting at all.
* Differences between how encoders interpret the quality setting. Different JPEG encoders will apply different meanings to the quality setting, so you can't compare quality settings between different encoders.
For example, 80% quality in one encoder may choose similar average quantizer values to 92% quality in another encoder. The quality settings is only indirectly influencing the algorithm that the encoder uses to choose quantizer values for each block in the image. Under the hood, it's these quantizer values that actually affect the quality, and you can't usually adjust these directly.
Even the "100%" quality setting can mean different things between encoders. In some it means to use the lowest quantizers available (preserving the most detail). In others it might not necessarily go that far, or it may (as mentioned above) affect other aspects of the encoding such as the chroma sub-sampling.
Note that the JPEG image will never be *larger* in size than the uncompressed bitmap image, for any normal image. However, comparing it to a RAW file can be a bit misleading since a RAW file would need [several steps](https://photo.stackexchange.com/a/8361/3422) (including a step called *demosaicing*, which will increase size due to interpolation) to expand it out to a proper uncompressed bitmap image. |
94,146 | When one tries to look up concepts such as overfitting and underfitting, the most common thing that pops up is polynomial regression. Why is polynomial regression often used to demonstrate these concepts? Is it just because it can be easily visualised like the graphs here:
<https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/model_selection/plot_underfitting_overfitting.html>
But then most ml algorithm such as kmeans clustering can also be used. Then why is it usually polynomial regression only? Are there any other similar algorithms that could be used? | 2021/05/07 | [
"https://datascience.stackexchange.com/questions/94146",
"https://datascience.stackexchange.com",
"https://datascience.stackexchange.com/users/87289/"
] | For padding in CNN's there is a useful answer in this link:<https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/246512/convolutional-layers-to-pad-or-not-to-pad>
In Q-learning an action is taken in current state, and a next state is obtained. Then state-action value of the current state-action pair is updated by using best state-action value of obtained next state. If you have discrete state-action space, or a few states you can simply record each state-action pair in a table, and then update it by Q-learning, but if the space is continuous, or there are so many state-action pairs then you should use function approximation methods like neural networks. For example by extracting current state's visual features by CNN, and then updating weights to better approximate value of this perceived state, and taken action pair. | We only use zero padding on the edge of the image to be able to compute our convolution on 'edgy' pixels. It is usually just to keep 'round' values of dimension.
For example if your input is 64x64, with strides = 2x2, you'd expect a 32x32 output, but without padding, you would get 31x31. Padding is really not a big deal and you can remove it without having much consequences on your results (at least according to my experience), it's more a reason of 'good looking' dimensions (multiples of 2).
To get back to the use of CNN in policy decisions, your agent uses the state value to decide which action to take. CNN is used to transform a 256x256 input into a 30 or 20 output features that is concatenated into the state of the network. So a corresponding state could be [agent\_position, agent
\_speed, features\_from\_image] instead of [agent\_position, agent
\_speed, image], and then your network / Q algorithm takes its decision from this state. So CNN is a kind of subpart of the network. |
3,574,829 | Hi i had a calculated dimension named employeeretirement based on the dateofbirth of the employee it will display the retirement year.My problem is when i changed the dateofbirths of the employees in the database and processed the cube the changes are not reflecting the browser window.So to solve that im deleting the dimension and adding the from the table in dimension structure window so when i processed the cube and the changes are get displaying in the browser window.Is there any proper way to solve this issue,plz forward ur valuable answer to my mailid -naveen.vem007@gmail.com | 2010/08/26 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3574829",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/431803/"
] | Sorry but there are some definition problems in you question. Is the problem related to calculated dimension member or a calculated measure? Although it is not clear, i think you are having problem because of not processing the related dimensions.
Processing the cube doesn't mean to process the dimensions. You should first process the dimension which you think has changed and then the cube.
Hope this help. | You have to recompile your sass?
Is this done with ruby? |
40,502 | I have a server with only a CD Rom drive. From what I can tell the bios doesn't allow booting to USB devices. I want to load an OS which is red hat linux. I have the bootable DVD for the OS/Software, but like I said I only have a CD Rom. I have created an ISO of that DVD.
Earlier I was given advice from members to do a pxe boot or network boot.
I have used bart PE to build a boot CD for purposes of ghosting. Can I build a bart PE disk that will point to a usb drive that has an ISO on it and kick it off?
Or what would be your best advice and directions for doing a network boot? I have never done that before, so there will be a learning curve for me.
I would like to do it with the least amount of effort, as this is just a side self training project I am doing.
The server is a DL320 G1 I believe, so it isn't the newest by any means, but it is just for testing and lab purposes so I don't need high end performance. I tried finding an updated bios for it to see if it would support booting to USB, but wasn't able to find one that would update the bios.
Looking for any advice that might help me out. | 2009/07/14 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/40502",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/2291/"
] | The quickest and easiest way to do this would be to just go out and buy a 20$ USB DVD drive. I've booted all sorts of servers off of those devices when there was only a normal CDROM drive installed. | Doesn't Red Hat have a CD Version you could download and burn to CD? I haven't installed it in a long time so I don't know off hand. |
40,502 | I have a server with only a CD Rom drive. From what I can tell the bios doesn't allow booting to USB devices. I want to load an OS which is red hat linux. I have the bootable DVD for the OS/Software, but like I said I only have a CD Rom. I have created an ISO of that DVD.
Earlier I was given advice from members to do a pxe boot or network boot.
I have used bart PE to build a boot CD for purposes of ghosting. Can I build a bart PE disk that will point to a usb drive that has an ISO on it and kick it off?
Or what would be your best advice and directions for doing a network boot? I have never done that before, so there will be a learning curve for me.
I would like to do it with the least amount of effort, as this is just a side self training project I am doing.
The server is a DL320 G1 I believe, so it isn't the newest by any means, but it is just for testing and lab purposes so I don't need high end performance. I tried finding an updated bios for it to see if it would support booting to USB, but wasn't able to find one that would update the bios.
Looking for any advice that might help me out. | 2009/07/14 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/40502",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/2291/"
] | It would be helpful if you said what the operating system was, instead of saying that it's "RedHat based" and leaving it at that.
I reall can't believe nobody has said this already, but here goes...
Many versions of RedHat Linux supported creating bootable floppy diskettes with network drivers that allowed you, without using PXE, to install from a remote machine hosting the install files (over SMB, NFS, or HTTP, if I recall properly). That's probably your path of least resistance, assuming that your OS is "based" on one of the RedHat versions that allowed that (and assuming that whoever customized it didn't remove that functionality from Anaconda, the RedHat installer program).
I've installed many an older RedHat system from mirrors of the OS directly over the Internet (once even thru a dial-up router) this way.
Edit:
It's unclear how much Cisco might've modified the RedHat setup. I'm seeing postings, etc, that indicate that it's still using Anaconda, but they may have stripped the ability to install over a network. It's highly likely that they are using a kickstart configuration to ensure that it's installed with the same partitioning, etc, every time.
Finding a motherboard diagram for that box isn't proving to be simple. I'd pop the case and see if it has standard 36-pin IDE headers on the board. The CD-ROM is IDE (according to the QuickSpecs here: <http://h18000.www1.hp.com/products/quickspecs/10692_div/10692_div.html>), but it's probably on a proprietary connector. There was a version of the server that uses IDE hard disk drives (I have two of them like that at a Customer site running some ancient version of Cisco CallManager), so there's a chance there are connectors for IDE there.
If it does have an IDE connector, pop a standard internal DVD-ROM drive onto it (supplying power from an external supply if the box doesn't have molex connectors for a standard power supply) and run it that way just long enough to get the OS installed. | Doesn't Red Hat have a CD Version you could download and burn to CD? I haven't installed it in a long time so I don't know off hand. |
40,502 | I have a server with only a CD Rom drive. From what I can tell the bios doesn't allow booting to USB devices. I want to load an OS which is red hat linux. I have the bootable DVD for the OS/Software, but like I said I only have a CD Rom. I have created an ISO of that DVD.
Earlier I was given advice from members to do a pxe boot or network boot.
I have used bart PE to build a boot CD for purposes of ghosting. Can I build a bart PE disk that will point to a usb drive that has an ISO on it and kick it off?
Or what would be your best advice and directions for doing a network boot? I have never done that before, so there will be a learning curve for me.
I would like to do it with the least amount of effort, as this is just a side self training project I am doing.
The server is a DL320 G1 I believe, so it isn't the newest by any means, but it is just for testing and lab purposes so I don't need high end performance. I tried finding an updated bios for it to see if it would support booting to USB, but wasn't able to find one that would update the bios.
Looking for any advice that might help me out. | 2009/07/14 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/40502",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/2291/"
] | It would be helpful if you said what the operating system was, instead of saying that it's "RedHat based" and leaving it at that.
I reall can't believe nobody has said this already, but here goes...
Many versions of RedHat Linux supported creating bootable floppy diskettes with network drivers that allowed you, without using PXE, to install from a remote machine hosting the install files (over SMB, NFS, or HTTP, if I recall properly). That's probably your path of least resistance, assuming that your OS is "based" on one of the RedHat versions that allowed that (and assuming that whoever customized it didn't remove that functionality from Anaconda, the RedHat installer program).
I've installed many an older RedHat system from mirrors of the OS directly over the Internet (once even thru a dial-up router) this way.
Edit:
It's unclear how much Cisco might've modified the RedHat setup. I'm seeing postings, etc, that indicate that it's still using Anaconda, but they may have stripped the ability to install over a network. It's highly likely that they are using a kickstart configuration to ensure that it's installed with the same partitioning, etc, every time.
Finding a motherboard diagram for that box isn't proving to be simple. I'd pop the case and see if it has standard 36-pin IDE headers on the board. The CD-ROM is IDE (according to the QuickSpecs here: <http://h18000.www1.hp.com/products/quickspecs/10692_div/10692_div.html>), but it's probably on a proprietary connector. There was a version of the server that uses IDE hard disk drives (I have two of them like that at a Customer site running some ancient version of Cisco CallManager), so there's a chance there are connectors for IDE there.
If it does have an IDE connector, pop a standard internal DVD-ROM drive onto it (supplying power from an external supply if the box doesn't have molex connectors for a standard power supply) and run it that way just long enough to get the OS installed. | The quickest and easiest way to do this would be to just go out and buy a 20$ USB DVD drive. I've booted all sorts of servers off of those devices when there was only a normal CDROM drive installed. |
6,893 | I have experience testing from a business perspective but I'm currently working in an system which is a small part of a bigger system, so I don't have a clear vision of the entire business value flow.
From a black box perspective its just a service with one input and one output:
Input: a cronjob starts the service and it will query a DB for specific cases where it should send an email;
Output: the system sends a reminder email and write in the DB that the email was sent.
The developers write unitary tests, integration tests and system test. Its pretty well covered by tests from a white box perspective.
From a black box perspective, which kind of test can I put in place? | 2013/09/27 | [
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com/questions/6893",
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com",
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com/users/173/"
] | I would start with what you have, the inputs and outputs, then start questioning. I like to go through a bunch of what if's, such as in your case "what if the database is unavailable?" or "what if the mail queue is full?" or something like that. If you can't come up with questions like that, then ask the developers "what didn't you test that you think I should?".
Often I am testing a small portion of a larger system in isolation, or just changes to only a specific smaller piece of something larger. Then you need to check the overall flows for the bigger pieces to the smaller, and the other way around. Definitely start with the requirements, and there are always requirements somewhere, and then start looking at what you have and think outside the box, so to speak, to whatever else there is that might fail or be an input or output that may or may not fail, or be other than what was expected.
I find it helps to know the whole system, but its often not necessary, as in many cases it depends on what it is you are trying to accomplish. | Your test cases have to be based on the requirements for your system.
If no requirements have been documented, you should ask some people from the project or from the appropriate business department for the requirements.
In your case, these requirements would probably contain the specific cases when an e-mail has to be sent, what content and which receiver the e-mail should have and so forth.
You do not need to know the entire business flow to test your system. |
6,893 | I have experience testing from a business perspective but I'm currently working in an system which is a small part of a bigger system, so I don't have a clear vision of the entire business value flow.
From a black box perspective its just a service with one input and one output:
Input: a cronjob starts the service and it will query a DB for specific cases where it should send an email;
Output: the system sends a reminder email and write in the DB that the email was sent.
The developers write unitary tests, integration tests and system test. Its pretty well covered by tests from a white box perspective.
From a black box perspective, which kind of test can I put in place? | 2013/09/27 | [
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com/questions/6893",
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com",
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com/users/173/"
] | As a system of systems, black box really doesn't have a meaning (except what it means to you in your context). Let's take your last statement at face value, that the developers have unit, integration, and system testing well covered. I assume your question can be rephrased as "Give me some ideas for contributing to the team!" :)
Ok, here goes:
* I assume the last DB write has a time stamp. Play with changing the time bases of the systems. Try cases of nearly the same (e.g. time zones), wildly in the past, wildly in the future, leap years, etc.
* Play with connectivity. Get from the DB, then make the DB connection unavailable when the confirmation attempt is made. Try glitching it for a few seconds, a few minutes, a few hours. Does the output queue if the DB is unavailable? If so, does it lock up the service? Can you overrun the queue? Likewise, try making the mail server unavailable for a few seconds, a fews minutes, etc.
* Next, play with network noise. Get a network simulator and inject some random error bits in the initial DB read, the email send, and the DB confirmation. Keep increasing the lag, bit error rate, etc. until you get a failure. Was the failure unexpected? Did it corrupt any of the messages without the system detecting the corruption?
* Try invalid messages. Put all kinds of random characters in the DB fields, mail address, mail body, mail subject, etc. Can you make the system crash using invalid characters in the fields?
Those are just a few suggestions based on your general specs. Good hunting! | Your test cases have to be based on the requirements for your system.
If no requirements have been documented, you should ask some people from the project or from the appropriate business department for the requirements.
In your case, these requirements would probably contain the specific cases when an e-mail has to be sent, what content and which receiver the e-mail should have and so forth.
You do not need to know the entire business flow to test your system. |
6,893 | I have experience testing from a business perspective but I'm currently working in an system which is a small part of a bigger system, so I don't have a clear vision of the entire business value flow.
From a black box perspective its just a service with one input and one output:
Input: a cronjob starts the service and it will query a DB for specific cases where it should send an email;
Output: the system sends a reminder email and write in the DB that the email was sent.
The developers write unitary tests, integration tests and system test. Its pretty well covered by tests from a white box perspective.
From a black box perspective, which kind of test can I put in place? | 2013/09/27 | [
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com/questions/6893",
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com",
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com/users/173/"
] | I would start with what you have, the inputs and outputs, then start questioning. I like to go through a bunch of what if's, such as in your case "what if the database is unavailable?" or "what if the mail queue is full?" or something like that. If you can't come up with questions like that, then ask the developers "what didn't you test that you think I should?".
Often I am testing a small portion of a larger system in isolation, or just changes to only a specific smaller piece of something larger. Then you need to check the overall flows for the bigger pieces to the smaller, and the other way around. Definitely start with the requirements, and there are always requirements somewhere, and then start looking at what you have and think outside the box, so to speak, to whatever else there is that might fail or be an input or output that may or may not fail, or be other than what was expected.
I find it helps to know the whole system, but its often not necessary, as in many cases it depends on what it is you are trying to accomplish. | As a system of systems, black box really doesn't have a meaning (except what it means to you in your context). Let's take your last statement at face value, that the developers have unit, integration, and system testing well covered. I assume your question can be rephrased as "Give me some ideas for contributing to the team!" :)
Ok, here goes:
* I assume the last DB write has a time stamp. Play with changing the time bases of the systems. Try cases of nearly the same (e.g. time zones), wildly in the past, wildly in the future, leap years, etc.
* Play with connectivity. Get from the DB, then make the DB connection unavailable when the confirmation attempt is made. Try glitching it for a few seconds, a few minutes, a few hours. Does the output queue if the DB is unavailable? If so, does it lock up the service? Can you overrun the queue? Likewise, try making the mail server unavailable for a few seconds, a fews minutes, etc.
* Next, play with network noise. Get a network simulator and inject some random error bits in the initial DB read, the email send, and the DB confirmation. Keep increasing the lag, bit error rate, etc. until you get a failure. Was the failure unexpected? Did it corrupt any of the messages without the system detecting the corruption?
* Try invalid messages. Put all kinds of random characters in the DB fields, mail address, mail body, mail subject, etc. Can you make the system crash using invalid characters in the fields?
Those are just a few suggestions based on your general specs. Good hunting! |
6,893 | I have experience testing from a business perspective but I'm currently working in an system which is a small part of a bigger system, so I don't have a clear vision of the entire business value flow.
From a black box perspective its just a service with one input and one output:
Input: a cronjob starts the service and it will query a DB for specific cases where it should send an email;
Output: the system sends a reminder email and write in the DB that the email was sent.
The developers write unitary tests, integration tests and system test. Its pretty well covered by tests from a white box perspective.
From a black box perspective, which kind of test can I put in place? | 2013/09/27 | [
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com/questions/6893",
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com",
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com/users/173/"
] | I would start with what you have, the inputs and outputs, then start questioning. I like to go through a bunch of what if's, such as in your case "what if the database is unavailable?" or "what if the mail queue is full?" or something like that. If you can't come up with questions like that, then ask the developers "what didn't you test that you think I should?".
Often I am testing a small portion of a larger system in isolation, or just changes to only a specific smaller piece of something larger. Then you need to check the overall flows for the bigger pieces to the smaller, and the other way around. Definitely start with the requirements, and there are always requirements somewhere, and then start looking at what you have and think outside the box, so to speak, to whatever else there is that might fail or be an input or output that may or may not fail, or be other than what was expected.
I find it helps to know the whole system, but its often not necessary, as in many cases it depends on what it is you are trying to accomplish. | First of all you must have a clear understanding of the requirements. You should be able to understand how the requirements of the smaller system are going to affect the bigger system. Risk analysis and risk based testing are surely going to help in this type of scenario. |
6,893 | I have experience testing from a business perspective but I'm currently working in an system which is a small part of a bigger system, so I don't have a clear vision of the entire business value flow.
From a black box perspective its just a service with one input and one output:
Input: a cronjob starts the service and it will query a DB for specific cases where it should send an email;
Output: the system sends a reminder email and write in the DB that the email was sent.
The developers write unitary tests, integration tests and system test. Its pretty well covered by tests from a white box perspective.
From a black box perspective, which kind of test can I put in place? | 2013/09/27 | [
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com/questions/6893",
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com",
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com/users/173/"
] | As a system of systems, black box really doesn't have a meaning (except what it means to you in your context). Let's take your last statement at face value, that the developers have unit, integration, and system testing well covered. I assume your question can be rephrased as "Give me some ideas for contributing to the team!" :)
Ok, here goes:
* I assume the last DB write has a time stamp. Play with changing the time bases of the systems. Try cases of nearly the same (e.g. time zones), wildly in the past, wildly in the future, leap years, etc.
* Play with connectivity. Get from the DB, then make the DB connection unavailable when the confirmation attempt is made. Try glitching it for a few seconds, a few minutes, a few hours. Does the output queue if the DB is unavailable? If so, does it lock up the service? Can you overrun the queue? Likewise, try making the mail server unavailable for a few seconds, a fews minutes, etc.
* Next, play with network noise. Get a network simulator and inject some random error bits in the initial DB read, the email send, and the DB confirmation. Keep increasing the lag, bit error rate, etc. until you get a failure. Was the failure unexpected? Did it corrupt any of the messages without the system detecting the corruption?
* Try invalid messages. Put all kinds of random characters in the DB fields, mail address, mail body, mail subject, etc. Can you make the system crash using invalid characters in the fields?
Those are just a few suggestions based on your general specs. Good hunting! | First of all you must have a clear understanding of the requirements. You should be able to understand how the requirements of the smaller system are going to affect the bigger system. Risk analysis and risk based testing are surely going to help in this type of scenario. |
292,178 | I'm creating a monopoly style game that allows people to "win" in any of these 3 areas:
* capitalism (traditional monopoly)
* karma giving
* Giving with no expectation of return
I'm having trouble coming up with an appropriate term for that last one... something appealing, and suitable for a persons private scorecard.
The idea that I want to convey is that there are 3 different ways to play the game... and you can switch from one mode to the other at any time. The last goal is similar to being an *anonymous donor to a charity*, or a giving to a homeless person *without* any fanfare.
**Question**
I looked at the word Karma, and in doing so I found this critique of the word:
>
> Karma alone is a dumb reason to do something for someone else
>
>
>
What is a better word for karma giving without expectation? | 2015/12/06 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/292178",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/1788/"
] | [Philanthropy](http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/philanthropy) is giving for the sake of giving. Not for some reward in heaven or hope of a better reincarnation. It fits with the context of the tycoons you play in monopoly. | If one can assume that most are familiar with the film, perhaps "Paying it Forward". It would require getting legal protection from any perceived copyright violations.
Unfortunately I do not live near LA (or New York?) to volunteer to meet with Mr. Spacey and navigate that issue. |
292,178 | I'm creating a monopoly style game that allows people to "win" in any of these 3 areas:
* capitalism (traditional monopoly)
* karma giving
* Giving with no expectation of return
I'm having trouble coming up with an appropriate term for that last one... something appealing, and suitable for a persons private scorecard.
The idea that I want to convey is that there are 3 different ways to play the game... and you can switch from one mode to the other at any time. The last goal is similar to being an *anonymous donor to a charity*, or a giving to a homeless person *without* any fanfare.
**Question**
I looked at the word Karma, and in doing so I found this critique of the word:
>
> Karma alone is a dumb reason to do something for someone else
>
>
>
What is a better word for karma giving without expectation? | 2015/12/06 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/292178",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/1788/"
] | In Vajrayana Buddhism, we refer to doing good deeds or giving something with no expectation of return as, **"accumulating merit."** We strive to purify karma and accumulate merit and wisdom. When a great Tibetan master in our lineage was asked why he was doing the seemingly lowly task of re-stringing a student's broken mala (similar to a Roman Catholic's rosary), he replied, "Because it makes her happy, and I receive the merit." He did not need the merit, of course, but used the example as a teaching point.
**"Altruistic giving"** might be another possibility. Also, please note that **"Karma Giving"** could have negative or positive connotations in Buddhism. | You might also consider [***generosity***](http://www.thefreedictionary.com/generosity)
>
> 1. Liberality in giving or willingness to give: *a philanthropist's generosity.*1
>
>
> 1. willingness and liberality in giving away one's money, time, etc; magnanimity 2
>
>
>
---
1 American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2011 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.
2 Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003 |
292,178 | I'm creating a monopoly style game that allows people to "win" in any of these 3 areas:
* capitalism (traditional monopoly)
* karma giving
* Giving with no expectation of return
I'm having trouble coming up with an appropriate term for that last one... something appealing, and suitable for a persons private scorecard.
The idea that I want to convey is that there are 3 different ways to play the game... and you can switch from one mode to the other at any time. The last goal is similar to being an *anonymous donor to a charity*, or a giving to a homeless person *without* any fanfare.
**Question**
I looked at the word Karma, and in doing so I found this critique of the word:
>
> Karma alone is a dumb reason to do something for someone else
>
>
>
What is a better word for karma giving without expectation? | 2015/12/06 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/292178",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/1788/"
] | Many answers seem to focus on what the giving is referred to as. I think you may be trying to find the word akin to "karma", but without all of "karma"s connotations. I suggest **"mojo"** (or "vibe"). When you give without expectation of anything in return, you promote good "mojo" in a situation. "Mojo" doesn't seem to carry the same connotations of "karma" as it doesn't always return to you. | You could have three incentive systems including material gain, spiritual gain, and gratuitous self-expression. The last might be called art. |
292,178 | I'm creating a monopoly style game that allows people to "win" in any of these 3 areas:
* capitalism (traditional monopoly)
* karma giving
* Giving with no expectation of return
I'm having trouble coming up with an appropriate term for that last one... something appealing, and suitable for a persons private scorecard.
The idea that I want to convey is that there are 3 different ways to play the game... and you can switch from one mode to the other at any time. The last goal is similar to being an *anonymous donor to a charity*, or a giving to a homeless person *without* any fanfare.
**Question**
I looked at the word Karma, and in doing so I found this critique of the word:
>
> Karma alone is a dumb reason to do something for someone else
>
>
>
What is a better word for karma giving without expectation? | 2015/12/06 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/292178",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/1788/"
] | Perhaps **altruism** (or selflessness)
>
> Definition: principle or practice of unselfish concern for; devotion
> to the welfare of others (opposed to egoism).
>
>
> Example: *Elephants are particularly altruistic. However, their altruism extends not only to other elephants, but to many other species in distress as well, including humans*.
>
>
>
"Compassion" is another possibility, but it refers more to emotion than action. However, **active compassion** may fit.
>
> Example: *Merkel's active compassion for refugees*.
>
>
> | >
> Giving with no expectation of return
>
>
>
That kind of action is normally referred to as **selfless**—as in **selfless giving**, acting selflessly etc. |
292,178 | I'm creating a monopoly style game that allows people to "win" in any of these 3 areas:
* capitalism (traditional monopoly)
* karma giving
* Giving with no expectation of return
I'm having trouble coming up with an appropriate term for that last one... something appealing, and suitable for a persons private scorecard.
The idea that I want to convey is that there are 3 different ways to play the game... and you can switch from one mode to the other at any time. The last goal is similar to being an *anonymous donor to a charity*, or a giving to a homeless person *without* any fanfare.
**Question**
I looked at the word Karma, and in doing so I found this critique of the word:
>
> Karma alone is a dumb reason to do something for someone else
>
>
>
What is a better word for karma giving without expectation? | 2015/12/06 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/292178",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/1788/"
] | [Philanthropy](http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/philanthropy) is giving for the sake of giving. Not for some reward in heaven or hope of a better reincarnation. It fits with the context of the tycoons you play in monopoly. | You might also consider [***generosity***](http://www.thefreedictionary.com/generosity)
>
> 1. Liberality in giving or willingness to give: *a philanthropist's generosity.*1
>
>
> 1. willingness and liberality in giving away one's money, time, etc; magnanimity 2
>
>
>
---
1 American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2011 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.
2 Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003 |
292,178 | I'm creating a monopoly style game that allows people to "win" in any of these 3 areas:
* capitalism (traditional monopoly)
* karma giving
* Giving with no expectation of return
I'm having trouble coming up with an appropriate term for that last one... something appealing, and suitable for a persons private scorecard.
The idea that I want to convey is that there are 3 different ways to play the game... and you can switch from one mode to the other at any time. The last goal is similar to being an *anonymous donor to a charity*, or a giving to a homeless person *without* any fanfare.
**Question**
I looked at the word Karma, and in doing so I found this critique of the word:
>
> Karma alone is a dumb reason to do something for someone else
>
>
>
What is a better word for karma giving without expectation? | 2015/12/06 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/292178",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/1788/"
] | [Philanthropy](http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/philanthropy) is giving for the sake of giving. Not for some reward in heaven or hope of a better reincarnation. It fits with the context of the tycoons you play in monopoly. | Perhaps **altruism** (or selflessness)
>
> Definition: principle or practice of unselfish concern for; devotion
> to the welfare of others (opposed to egoism).
>
>
> Example: *Elephants are particularly altruistic. However, their altruism extends not only to other elephants, but to many other species in distress as well, including humans*.
>
>
>
"Compassion" is another possibility, but it refers more to emotion than action. However, **active compassion** may fit.
>
> Example: *Merkel's active compassion for refugees*.
>
>
> |
292,178 | I'm creating a monopoly style game that allows people to "win" in any of these 3 areas:
* capitalism (traditional monopoly)
* karma giving
* Giving with no expectation of return
I'm having trouble coming up with an appropriate term for that last one... something appealing, and suitable for a persons private scorecard.
The idea that I want to convey is that there are 3 different ways to play the game... and you can switch from one mode to the other at any time. The last goal is similar to being an *anonymous donor to a charity*, or a giving to a homeless person *without* any fanfare.
**Question**
I looked at the word Karma, and in doing so I found this critique of the word:
>
> Karma alone is a dumb reason to do something for someone else
>
>
>
What is a better word for karma giving without expectation? | 2015/12/06 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/292178",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/1788/"
] | [Philanthropy](http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/philanthropy) is giving for the sake of giving. Not for some reward in heaven or hope of a better reincarnation. It fits with the context of the tycoons you play in monopoly. | Many answers seem to focus on what the giving is referred to as. I think you may be trying to find the word akin to "karma", but without all of "karma"s connotations. I suggest **"mojo"** (or "vibe"). When you give without expectation of anything in return, you promote good "mojo" in a situation. "Mojo" doesn't seem to carry the same connotations of "karma" as it doesn't always return to you. |
292,178 | I'm creating a monopoly style game that allows people to "win" in any of these 3 areas:
* capitalism (traditional monopoly)
* karma giving
* Giving with no expectation of return
I'm having trouble coming up with an appropriate term for that last one... something appealing, and suitable for a persons private scorecard.
The idea that I want to convey is that there are 3 different ways to play the game... and you can switch from one mode to the other at any time. The last goal is similar to being an *anonymous donor to a charity*, or a giving to a homeless person *without* any fanfare.
**Question**
I looked at the word Karma, and in doing so I found this critique of the word:
>
> Karma alone is a dumb reason to do something for someone else
>
>
>
What is a better word for karma giving without expectation? | 2015/12/06 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/292178",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/1788/"
] | Perhaps **altruism** (or selflessness)
>
> Definition: principle or practice of unselfish concern for; devotion
> to the welfare of others (opposed to egoism).
>
>
> Example: *Elephants are particularly altruistic. However, their altruism extends not only to other elephants, but to many other species in distress as well, including humans*.
>
>
>
"Compassion" is another possibility, but it refers more to emotion than action. However, **active compassion** may fit.
>
> Example: *Merkel's active compassion for refugees*.
>
>
> | You might also consider [***generosity***](http://www.thefreedictionary.com/generosity)
>
> 1. Liberality in giving or willingness to give: *a philanthropist's generosity.*1
>
>
> 1. willingness and liberality in giving away one's money, time, etc; magnanimity 2
>
>
>
---
1 American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2011 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.
2 Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003 |
292,178 | I'm creating a monopoly style game that allows people to "win" in any of these 3 areas:
* capitalism (traditional monopoly)
* karma giving
* Giving with no expectation of return
I'm having trouble coming up with an appropriate term for that last one... something appealing, and suitable for a persons private scorecard.
The idea that I want to convey is that there are 3 different ways to play the game... and you can switch from one mode to the other at any time. The last goal is similar to being an *anonymous donor to a charity*, or a giving to a homeless person *without* any fanfare.
**Question**
I looked at the word Karma, and in doing so I found this critique of the word:
>
> Karma alone is a dumb reason to do something for someone else
>
>
>
What is a better word for karma giving without expectation? | 2015/12/06 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/292178",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/1788/"
] | [Philanthropy](http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/philanthropy) is giving for the sake of giving. Not for some reward in heaven or hope of a better reincarnation. It fits with the context of the tycoons you play in monopoly. | >
> Giving with no expectation of return
>
>
>
That kind of action is normally referred to as **selfless**—as in **selfless giving**, acting selflessly etc. |
292,178 | I'm creating a monopoly style game that allows people to "win" in any of these 3 areas:
* capitalism (traditional monopoly)
* karma giving
* Giving with no expectation of return
I'm having trouble coming up with an appropriate term for that last one... something appealing, and suitable for a persons private scorecard.
The idea that I want to convey is that there are 3 different ways to play the game... and you can switch from one mode to the other at any time. The last goal is similar to being an *anonymous donor to a charity*, or a giving to a homeless person *without* any fanfare.
**Question**
I looked at the word Karma, and in doing so I found this critique of the word:
>
> Karma alone is a dumb reason to do something for someone else
>
>
>
What is a better word for karma giving without expectation? | 2015/12/06 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/292178",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/1788/"
] | In Vajrayana Buddhism, we refer to doing good deeds or giving something with no expectation of return as, **"accumulating merit."** We strive to purify karma and accumulate merit and wisdom. When a great Tibetan master in our lineage was asked why he was doing the seemingly lowly task of re-stringing a student's broken mala (similar to a Roman Catholic's rosary), he replied, "Because it makes her happy, and I receive the merit." He did not need the merit, of course, but used the example as a teaching point.
**"Altruistic giving"** might be another possibility. Also, please note that **"Karma Giving"** could have negative or positive connotations in Buddhism. | You could have three incentive systems including material gain, spiritual gain, and gratuitous self-expression. The last might be called art. |
2,430 | I am new to the field of CFD. When should one go for structured grid and when should one go for unstructured?
(Yes, it depends a lot on the geometry of the problem)
More specifically, I want to know the difference in the computational power required, accuracy achieved and efforts involved in both types of grid.
What are good resources that explain structured and unstructured grids in most simple language? | 2012/06/04 | [
"https://scicomp.stackexchange.com/questions/2430",
"https://scicomp.stackexchange.com",
"https://scicomp.stackexchange.com/users/1567/"
] | I am currently implementing a VoF method (a geometrical method for two phase flow simulation on Eulerian mesh) that is native to structured grid, on an unstructured grid, so here are my experiences so far (please note that what I'm writing comes from working with a specific implementation):
**unstructured mesh**:
pros
* fast generation of meshes for complex geometries
* straightforward operations on mesh topology
+ tetrahedral mesh: edge swapping, refinement
+ hexahedral mesh: octree based refinement (split the cell with 2 planes)
+ sliding mesh interfaces (rotating geometries, etc)
* finite volume method built on top of this kind of mesh: it is robust, parallelization of the method is straightforward, implementation of boundary conditions is very easy
cons
* reduced accuracy because of a smaller cell stencil: you can only access face neighbours of a cell (this may differ for different mesh implementations, but in my case it is so)
* because of a smaller stencil, implementation of higher order interpolation schemes (WENO, ENO) is very difficult (problems in parallelization)
* reconstruction of gradients for sharp fields that propagate in the skew direction (involve information coming from *point neighbours*) is not straightforward
**structured mesh**
pros
* higher accuracy than for unstructured mesh: you can access points in all directions and build large stencils
* octree based mesh refinement: the mesh is represented using an octree data structure, so the top level geometry is a box
* refinement is much faster than for unstructured (on an unstructured mesh, the complete mesh is copied and inflated)
cons
* for dealing with relative motion of bodies, complex immersed grid (chimera mesh) are used (most are not mass conservative)
* if you need a boundary conform mesh, you can do it for curved boundaries, but the discretization is then translated into the curvilinear coordinate system
* mostly used for flow domains in the shape of boxes (however, octree refinement and cell cut methods allow for fully complex geometries within the boxed domains)
So, if you have a boxed domain, and a complex geometry within, and you require high accuracy, use the structured mesh.
On the other hand, if the geometry of your *domain bounary* is complex (like metal alloy casting into complex moulds), use the unstructured mesh. Also, if the simulation requires relative motion of bodies, unstructured mesh is the choice, simply because the chimera libraries are very difficult to get (military based research).
Another question is what is available to you at what cost, like: licence fees, time needed to learn an open source library, etc. | As you have mentioned yourself, this is greatly dependent on the geometry of the problem involved but also on the computational framework used (i.e. FEM, FDM or FVM).
Finite Difference Methods (FDM) are often restricted to structured grids that do not require special data structures for recording of grid information. That being said, FDM can be extended to semi-structured grids such as adaptive quadtree or octree based grids by using more sophisticated data structures. Nevertheless, structured grids are much simpler to code and easier to develope. Besides, with this type of grids, domain decomposition and parallelization are often trivial. They are usually suitable for simple domains, but certain methods, such as immersed boundary or immersed interface methods, have been developed that utilize this type of grids for even non-trivial geometries.
Finite Volume Methods (FVM) and Finite Element Methods (FEM), on the other hand, are often more general and can (uniformly) handle various geometries. This, however, comes at the cost of using more complicated data structures which results in more complex algorithms and more development-time. They are usually harder to parallelize since the the grid now should be partitioned into sub-domains before they are sent to different processors. That being said, the existence of well-written software packages for specific tasks (such as preconditioners, linear solvers and graph partitioners) along with their robustness and versatility, makes them an excellent choice to consider if you have non-trivial geometries.
Finally, no matter which type of method (and thus grid) you choose, there both high (expensive) and low (cheap) order methods in all three different families that you can choose from for your specific problem. |
11,854 | I currently have on my CV a list of conferences I organized, or co-organized, a list of invited talks, a full list of talks, etc. Recently I have been asked to chair a session in a prestigious conference. I am very honored, and thus wondered: is this something I can feature on my CV? If so, would somewhere along with the conferences organized be "standard"? | 2013/08/13 | [
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/11854",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/users/2700/"
] | The short answer is yes. Anything that can be considered meriting can (or should) be added to a CV in my opinion. I have a heading "Other meriting academic miissions" in my CV where I list things that I consider meriting but do not fit under other headings where the list is longer. this includes, invited talks, tenure evaluations, etc.
My strategy with my CV is to add everything into a "master CV" and then remove parts depending on the purpose of the CV. Therefore, add the meriting tasks you are asked to do. It is easy to remove them if they are irrelevant for the specific purpose. | Chairing a session during a prestigious conference is certainly a good indication that you are recognised within your community (at least to the conference committee) and they value your contributions to the field. It should be definitely part of your CV (and online CV if you do have one). |
11,854 | I currently have on my CV a list of conferences I organized, or co-organized, a list of invited talks, a full list of talks, etc. Recently I have been asked to chair a session in a prestigious conference. I am very honored, and thus wondered: is this something I can feature on my CV? If so, would somewhere along with the conferences organized be "standard"? | 2013/08/13 | [
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/11854",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/users/2700/"
] | The short answer is yes. Anything that can be considered meriting can (or should) be added to a CV in my opinion. I have a heading "Other meriting academic miissions" in my CV where I list things that I consider meriting but do not fit under other headings where the list is longer. this includes, invited talks, tenure evaluations, etc.
My strategy with my CV is to add everything into a "master CV" and then remove parts depending on the purpose of the CV. Therefore, add the meriting tasks you are asked to do. It is easy to remove them if they are irrelevant for the specific purpose. | These conference chairmanships speak well of your "administrative" ability. Some universities prize this, whether or not they say so. So list at least this one, and possibly others, on your CV.
This don't help your "scholarship" credentials per se. But even scholarship is about networking, and many professors will therefore value you for the contacts you have and the doors that you can open for them. |
11,854 | I currently have on my CV a list of conferences I organized, or co-organized, a list of invited talks, a full list of talks, etc. Recently I have been asked to chair a session in a prestigious conference. I am very honored, and thus wondered: is this something I can feature on my CV? If so, would somewhere along with the conferences organized be "standard"? | 2013/08/13 | [
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/11854",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/users/2700/"
] | I see absolutely no reason why not. It fits perfectly well into "other academic achievements, honors, and activities" (or whatever else your title of this part is). Just don't declare it the biggest achievement in your lifetime and provide the relevant details (conference name, level, session, etc.) in a reasonably full and concise format so that people can appreciate what you are talking about. | Chairing a session during a prestigious conference is certainly a good indication that you are recognised within your community (at least to the conference committee) and they value your contributions to the field. It should be definitely part of your CV (and online CV if you do have one). |
11,854 | I currently have on my CV a list of conferences I organized, or co-organized, a list of invited talks, a full list of talks, etc. Recently I have been asked to chair a session in a prestigious conference. I am very honored, and thus wondered: is this something I can feature on my CV? If so, would somewhere along with the conferences organized be "standard"? | 2013/08/13 | [
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/11854",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/users/2700/"
] | Chairing a session during a prestigious conference is certainly a good indication that you are recognised within your community (at least to the conference committee) and they value your contributions to the field. It should be definitely part of your CV (and online CV if you do have one). | These conference chairmanships speak well of your "administrative" ability. Some universities prize this, whether or not they say so. So list at least this one, and possibly others, on your CV.
This don't help your "scholarship" credentials per se. But even scholarship is about networking, and many professors will therefore value you for the contacts you have and the doors that you can open for them. |
11,854 | I currently have on my CV a list of conferences I organized, or co-organized, a list of invited talks, a full list of talks, etc. Recently I have been asked to chair a session in a prestigious conference. I am very honored, and thus wondered: is this something I can feature on my CV? If so, would somewhere along with the conferences organized be "standard"? | 2013/08/13 | [
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/11854",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/users/2700/"
] | I see absolutely no reason why not. It fits perfectly well into "other academic achievements, honors, and activities" (or whatever else your title of this part is). Just don't declare it the biggest achievement in your lifetime and provide the relevant details (conference name, level, session, etc.) in a reasonably full and concise format so that people can appreciate what you are talking about. | These conference chairmanships speak well of your "administrative" ability. Some universities prize this, whether or not they say so. So list at least this one, and possibly others, on your CV.
This don't help your "scholarship" credentials per se. But even scholarship is about networking, and many professors will therefore value you for the contacts you have and the doors that you can open for them. |
21,676 | I found this larva in Sweden in July. It was about 15 mm long. It reminded me of *Orgyia antiqua* that I've seen before, but smaller and with a somewhat different colouration.
 | 2014/09/26 | [
"https://biology.stackexchange.com/questions/21676",
"https://biology.stackexchange.com",
"https://biology.stackexchange.com/users/8630/"
] | I think it's indeed a young, and possibly worn, specimen of *[Orgyia antiqua](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orgyia_antiqua)* (also Rusty Tussock Moth or Vapourer, see also [UKmoths](http://ukmoths.org.uk/species/orgyia-antiqua/)). This species is relatively common in large parts of Sweden. However, the tufts and "tail" are usually more pronounced, but there is probably intra-species variation, and old, worn individuals can have sparser tufts. As you say, they are usually longer than 1.5cm but there is large variation, sexual dimorphism and younger larvae (early instars) are natually smaller.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/WfzmR.jpg)
(picture from wikipedia)
Swedish specimen:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/OeWDJ.jpg)
( from <http://krypinaturen.se/fjarilar-lepidoptera/nattfjarilar/tofsspinnare-lymantriidae/orgyia_antiqua_1878_20130626/>)
*Lymantria dispar* is rather rare in Sweden and is only found in certain localities in the south (Blekinge, Småland coast) along with Öland and Gotland. | This caterpillar is known as ***Lymantria*** ***dispar*** ***dispar***. Not to be confused with the ***Lymantria*** ***dispar***, as the ***Lymantria*** ***dispar*** ***dispar*** is the classified as it's subspecies for the sake of further taxonomy. The ***Lymantria*** ***dispar*** ***dispar***, is locale to Europe and North America (via migration), the latter being sourced in Asia. They only possess a minor (however it's deemed as rather significant in the **animalia** kingdom) difference - the female Asian Gypsy moth can fly!
In the contrary, The U. S. Department of Agriculture, defines the Asian Gypsy moth by means of flight capability partially ignoring location; "any biotype of ***Lymantria*** ***dispar*** possessing female flight capability". Which demonstrates the evident flair in confusion on this topic.
The difference in the moths visual appearance in comparison to the pictures of species you'd more commonly see (i.e. the color of its head), is possibly due to the stage of maturation of the Caterpillar or the present season. That's just my hypothesis though, i am unaware of any evidence to back that up.
Here are some further images:
<http://www.papillon-poitou-charentes.org/Lymantria-dispar-Linnaeus-1758,4446.html>
Reference to the facts:
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymantria_dispar_dispar>
**(Edit: I was proved incorrect! However, this information would be useful for others who seek the answer!)** |
92,780 | The site: <https://whywontgodhealamputees.com/>
Relevant quotes:
>
> #### Is God real, or is he imaginary?
>
>
> Is God real, or is he imaginary? It is one of the most important questions you can ask yourself.
>
>
> If God is real and if God inspired the Bible, then we should worship God as the Bible demands. We should certainly post the Ten Commandments in our courthouses and shopping centers, put "In God We Trust" on the money and pray in our schools. We should focus our society on God and his infallible Word because our everlasting souls hang in the balance.
>
>
> On the other hand, if God is imaginary, then religion is a complete illusion. Christianity, Judaism and Islam are pointless. Belief in God is nothing but a silly superstition, and this superstition leads a significant portion of the population to be delusional.
>
>
> But how can we decide, conclusively, whether God is real or imaginary?
>
>
> Since we are intelligent human beings living in the 21st century, we should take the time to look at some data. That is what we are doing when we ask, **"Why won't God heal amputees?"**
>
>
> If you are an intelligent human being, and if you want to understand the true nature of God, you owe it to yourself to ask, "Why won't God heal amputees?"
>
>
> ([source](https://whywontgodhealamputees.com/))
>
>
>
>
> **Explaining the case of amputees**
>
>
> Just for a moment, I would ask you to consider the possibility of
> another explanation. If you believe in God, then this explanation will
> initially appear to be complete nonsense. However, it is interesting
> in light of the conversation we will be having in this book.
>
>
> One explanation for the evidence that we see before us is this:
>
>
> God exists, and God answers prayers, but for some reason God chooses
> to ignore the prayers of amputees. We don't have a good explanation
> for why God acts this way, and it does seem to contradict what Jesus
> teaches about prayer in the Bible, but clearly God has his divine
> reasons. **Now let's look at the situation with amputees from another**
> **point of view. This explanation is more straightforward**:
>
>
> **God is imaginary**. Let's look at what happens when we consider this
> explanation and see how it stacks up. Assume that God is imaginary.
> **The beauty of this explanation is that it fits the facts perfectly. In**
> **the case of amputees, it is a valid way to explain the reality that we**
> **see in our world. The logic goes like this:**
>
>
> **If God is imaginary, then he does not answer any prayers. Therefore,**
> **the prayers of amputees would go unanswered too. The thing that is so**
> **appealing about this explanation is that there is no hand waving.**
> **There are no contradictions. It is completely fair. There is no**
> **paradox. This explanation makes complete sense in light of the**
> **evidence we see in our world.** [...]
>
>
> ([source](https://whywontgodhealamputees.com/god5.htm))
>
>
>
Feel free to visit the site to read the author's full exposition of their arguments.
**Question**: Have any Christian apologists published refutations of the objections posited by the site "Why Won't God Heal Amputees?"? If so, what are the most common counter-arguments?
**Note**: answers just sharing links without summarizing the main counter-arguments from notable Christian apologists are discouraged.
---
Related: [How do Christians rebut Matt Dillahunty's objection that the resurrection of Jesus is untestable, unfalsifiable and thus unreasonable to believe?](https://christianity.stackexchange.com/questions/89886/how-do-christians-rebut-matt-dillahuntys-objection-that-the-resurrection-of-jes) | 2022/09/27 | [
"https://christianity.stackexchange.com/questions/92780",
"https://christianity.stackexchange.com",
"https://christianity.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | The question given wasn't why won't God heal amputees, but "Have any Christian apologists published refutations to the objections posited by the site "Why Won't God Heal Amputees?"?"
The answer is yes. Here are a few.
* [Why won’t God heal amputees?](https://www.gotquestions.org/God-heal-amputees.html) from GotQuestions.org.
* [Why won’t
God heal amputees?](https://answersingenesis.org/who-is-god/god-is-good/why-wont-god-heal-amputees/) from Answers In Genesis.
* [Why won’t God heal
amputees?](https://www.compellingtruth.org/God-heal-amputees.html) from Compelling Truth.
* [Why won’t God heal
amputees?](https://www.jonathanmorrow.org/why-wont-god-heal-amputees/) from Jonathan Morrow.
These are just the first few I saw by a simple web search on the phrase "Why won't God heal amputees?" I haven't evaluated the arguments, or verified whether they are comprehensive. But, anyway, the answer is clearly yes. | Similar arguments could/have been made about other groups in other bad situations, so this really boils down to **Why doesn't God answer prayers** (in this case amputees, but there are plenty of other groups in worse conditions that similar questions could be asked).
This [answer](https://christianity.stackexchange.com/questions/374/what-is-the-purpose-of-prayer/1116#1116) to 'What is the purpose of prayer?' has some good points:
>
> 1. **Prayer is more than just asking for things**. Tom Duckering's answer does a good job outlining this, but to gloss it again, prayer is communication with God which involves both talking to God and listening to him. As our primary form of communication with God, it reinforces in us our relationship with him in all its forms.
> 2. **Prayer does include asking for specific outcomes**. There are far too many examples to ignore: Abraham conversing with God over Sodom and Gomorrah, David pleading for Bathsheba's son, Hannah praying for a child, even Jesus praying that the cup be taken from him. God wants us to ask for things, even though he doesn't always give us what we ask for.
>
>
>
From OP:
>
> God chooses to ignore the prayers of amputees
>
>
>
'Unanswered' is not ignored. God knows what is best for us.
>
> God created us and knows infinitely more than we know. He knows what is best for us, and what would not be good for us. If you have children, when they were very small, sometimes they asked for things that would not be good for them, or would harm them. For good reasons sometimes parents do not always give their children what they ask for, when they ask for it. Parents give them what is best for them.
>
>
> It is the same way in our prayers to God. God gives us what is best for us. We are God’s children and He gives us what is best for us, and at a time when it is best for us. ...
>
>
> God's timetable is not the same as ours. He knows better than we do when is the best time for our prayers to be answered. (See Hebrews 6 :13-15). God is eternal and does not measure time as we do.1
>
>
>
CS Lewis wrote in [Problem of Pain](https://gutenberg.ca/ebooks/lewiscs-problemofpain/lewiscs-problemofpain-00-h.html)
>
> “**If God were good, He would wish to make His creatures perfectly happy, and if God were almighty He would be able to do what He wished. But the creatures are not happy. Therefore God lacks either goodness, or power, or both**.” This is the problem of pain, in its simplest form. ...
>
>
> On the one hand, if God is wiser than we His judgement must differ from ours on many things, and not least on good and evil. What seems to us good may therefore not be good in His eyes, and what seems to us evil may not be evil....
>
>
> When we want to be something other than the thing God wants us to be, we must be wanting what, in fact, will not make us happy. ...
>
>
> Whether we like it or not, God intends to give us what we need, not what we now think we want
>
>
>
---
This post also assumes all amputees pray for the same outcome. There are amputees who pray in gratitude that it was just a limb/partial limb, not their life that was lost (or some other variation of gratitude).
1 [Why does God not answer my prayers?](https://www.bibleinfo.com/en/questions/why-does-god-not-answer-my-prayer) |
92,780 | The site: <https://whywontgodhealamputees.com/>
Relevant quotes:
>
> #### Is God real, or is he imaginary?
>
>
> Is God real, or is he imaginary? It is one of the most important questions you can ask yourself.
>
>
> If God is real and if God inspired the Bible, then we should worship God as the Bible demands. We should certainly post the Ten Commandments in our courthouses and shopping centers, put "In God We Trust" on the money and pray in our schools. We should focus our society on God and his infallible Word because our everlasting souls hang in the balance.
>
>
> On the other hand, if God is imaginary, then religion is a complete illusion. Christianity, Judaism and Islam are pointless. Belief in God is nothing but a silly superstition, and this superstition leads a significant portion of the population to be delusional.
>
>
> But how can we decide, conclusively, whether God is real or imaginary?
>
>
> Since we are intelligent human beings living in the 21st century, we should take the time to look at some data. That is what we are doing when we ask, **"Why won't God heal amputees?"**
>
>
> If you are an intelligent human being, and if you want to understand the true nature of God, you owe it to yourself to ask, "Why won't God heal amputees?"
>
>
> ([source](https://whywontgodhealamputees.com/))
>
>
>
>
> **Explaining the case of amputees**
>
>
> Just for a moment, I would ask you to consider the possibility of
> another explanation. If you believe in God, then this explanation will
> initially appear to be complete nonsense. However, it is interesting
> in light of the conversation we will be having in this book.
>
>
> One explanation for the evidence that we see before us is this:
>
>
> God exists, and God answers prayers, but for some reason God chooses
> to ignore the prayers of amputees. We don't have a good explanation
> for why God acts this way, and it does seem to contradict what Jesus
> teaches about prayer in the Bible, but clearly God has his divine
> reasons. **Now let's look at the situation with amputees from another**
> **point of view. This explanation is more straightforward**:
>
>
> **God is imaginary**. Let's look at what happens when we consider this
> explanation and see how it stacks up. Assume that God is imaginary.
> **The beauty of this explanation is that it fits the facts perfectly. In**
> **the case of amputees, it is a valid way to explain the reality that we**
> **see in our world. The logic goes like this:**
>
>
> **If God is imaginary, then he does not answer any prayers. Therefore,**
> **the prayers of amputees would go unanswered too. The thing that is so**
> **appealing about this explanation is that there is no hand waving.**
> **There are no contradictions. It is completely fair. There is no**
> **paradox. This explanation makes complete sense in light of the**
> **evidence we see in our world.** [...]
>
>
> ([source](https://whywontgodhealamputees.com/god5.htm))
>
>
>
Feel free to visit the site to read the author's full exposition of their arguments.
**Question**: Have any Christian apologists published refutations of the objections posited by the site "Why Won't God Heal Amputees?"? If so, what are the most common counter-arguments?
**Note**: answers just sharing links without summarizing the main counter-arguments from notable Christian apologists are discouraged.
---
Related: [How do Christians rebut Matt Dillahunty's objection that the resurrection of Jesus is untestable, unfalsifiable and thus unreasonable to believe?](https://christianity.stackexchange.com/questions/89886/how-do-christians-rebut-matt-dillahuntys-objection-that-the-resurrection-of-jes) | 2022/09/27 | [
"https://christianity.stackexchange.com/questions/92780",
"https://christianity.stackexchange.com",
"https://christianity.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | This question is but a specific case of *the problem of evil*, a matter which Christian apologists have responded to many times. I won't offer a lengthy discussion of the problem of evil here, but I'll offer a brief logical & theological refutation of this specific argument.
**Logical argument**
The argument is at its core attempting a reductio ad absurdum - endeavoring to show that, given xyz evidence, it is absurd to believe that God exists. However, what is presented here is not a valid reductive argument--the flaw is subtle, but crucial.
To construct a reductio ad absurdum argument against God one must begin by accepting, for sake of argument, that God exists. This is the way the first premise is formulated for any reductio ad absurdum--one must start by accepting the truth of the claim in question, in order to show via the absurdity that follows that the original premise should be rejected.
This reductive argument tacitly assumes--as most atheistic arguments do--that there is no afterlife, there is no eternity, and so any injustice not cured in this life will never be cured. This assumption destroys the reductio ad absurdum--to state the premises formally, this argument approaches the problem as follows:
P1: God exists
P2: There is no afterlife
The best the reductio ad absurdum can do is show that these premises cannot both be true; since no Bible-believing Christian would accept premise 2, the reductive argument is entirely ineffective.
The moment we open the door to an afterlife--especially an afterlife that is far greater in scope & duration than mortal life--theological explanations for human suffering in mortality abound. Atheists who do not wish to engage with theological arguments should not attempt reductio ad absurdum arguments against the existence of God, because they'll have to start by assuming (for sake of argument) that God exists. Once that premise is on the table, theological arguments are fair game, and the reductive argument will progress no further without responding to theology.
--
**Theological argument**
God is certainly capable of healing limbs that have suffered permanent damage (examples [here](https://www.ldsliving.com/the-revelation-that-saved-one-boy-shot-during-the-hauns-mill-massacre/s/89615) and [here](https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/nt/matt/12?lang=eng#p10)), but most of the time He chooses to wait before doing so. The maladies of this life are healed in the resurrection (see 1 Cor. 15:54); they are not always healed prior to that time.
The question then becomes why would God allow His children to experience temporary pain? (and mortal life starts looking extremely brief when stacked up next to eternity)
Any parent knows it would not be loving--in the long run--to shield their children from everything painful or difficult. Mortal parents certainly try to protect their children from injuries that will affect them through all of mortality, and our Eternal Parent offers protection from injuries that will affect us through all eternity, but a loving Father who wants us to grow will not withhold from us the very refiner's fire that will allow us to develop. I discuss suffering more extensively in this video on my channel: [The Parable of Ana and the Volcano](https://youtu.be/MMg7XCdIqwo).
To borrow an idea from Michelle Craig, *challenges are part of the reason we are here*.
Spencer W. Kimball effectively illustrated why a loving God should *not* remove every obstacle:
>
> If all the sick for whom we pray were healed, if all the righteous
> were protected and the wicked destroyed, the whole program of the
> Father would be annulled and the basic principle of the gospel, free
> agency, would be ended. No man would have to live by faith.
>
>
> If joy and peace and rewards were instantaneously given the doer of
> good, there could be no evil—all would do good but not because of the
> rightness of doing good. There would be no test of strength, no
> development of character, no growth of powers, no free agency, only
> satanic controls.
>
>
> Should all prayers be immediately answered according to our selfish
> desires and our limited understanding, then there would be little or
> no suffering, sorrow, disappointment, or even death, and if these were
> not, there would also be no joy, success, resurrection, nor eternal
> life
>
>
> ...
>
>
> Being human, we would expel from our lives physical pain and mental
> anguish and assure ourselves of continual ease and comfort, but if we
> were to close the doors upon sorrow and distress, we might be
> excluding our greatest friends and benefactors. Suffering can make
> saints of people as they learn patience, long-suffering, and
> self-mastery.
>
>
> ...
>
>
> I would likely have protected Paul against his woes if my power were
> boundless. I would surely have healed his “thorn in the flesh.” And in
> doing so I might have foiled the Lord’s program...Paul many times could have lost himself
> if he had been eloquent, well, handsome, and free from the things that
> made him humble.
>
>
> ...
>
>
> With such uncontrolled power, I surely would have felt to protect
> Christ from the agony in Gethsemane, the insults, the thorny crown,
> the indignities in the court, the physical injuries. I would have
> administered to his wounds and healed them, giving him cooling water
> instead of vinegar. **I might have saved him from suffering and death,
> and lost to the world his atoning sacrifice**. ([source](https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/manual/teachings-spencer-w-kimball/chapter-2?lang=eng))
>
>
>
My own experience gives me the conviction that God does hear & answer prayers, but He does not always give the answer I want. God *could* give us what we want today, but He loves us enough to offer something eternally better.
---
**Addendum--response to questions**
*Why would God heal other ailments but specifically exclude healing (in this life) for those who had a part of their body removed?*
I provided an example (linked) above that God has performed such healing and has not unilaterally excluded such injuries. That said, there are so many ways a human being can be injured it would be unrealistic (and contrary to the Biblical principal of faith) to believe in God if and only if He demonstrates His ability to heal at least one instance of every possible form of injury. I'm unaware of God ever raising from death a person who died while skydiving, but that does not lead me to conclude that He doesn't love these people or lacks the ability to heal this precise form of injury.
If God can raise the daughter of Jairus, the son of the widow of Nain, Lazarus, Eutychus, and Dorcas from death, I see no reason why He couldn't raise a skydiving victim from death if He saw fit to do so.
*Does the reductive argument really require premise 2 above?*
Yes, consider what the argument would have to say otherwise. If we grant the possibility of an afterlife--for sake of math let's say the afterlife has a duration of 10^500,000 years (of course if we accept an eternal afterlife it's much longer than that)--the question becomes, how is it fair that:
* Person X suffers a grievous ailment for 50 years out of 10^500,000 while
* Person Y suffers a grievous ailment 0.5 years out of 10^500,000
The force of the original argument is lost.
*Why doesn't God just make people already in a state of eternal life?*
A more complete answer to this question would require a discussion of what is meant by eternal life--and I personally have a very high view of the term--but the short answer is:
* God is a loving parent who wants us to develop--life is about becoming, not filling a checklist, and the process is important (would any parent want their children to be born already as adults?)
* The objection that this means God is not Omnipotent is bogus--it's the same form of objection as claiming God is not Omnipotent because He cannot create a square circle. A square circle is a contradiction in terms, it's a meaningless combination of words. So too is the idea of a spiritually immature recipient of eternal life. | Similar arguments could/have been made about other groups in other bad situations, so this really boils down to **Why doesn't God answer prayers** (in this case amputees, but there are plenty of other groups in worse conditions that similar questions could be asked).
This [answer](https://christianity.stackexchange.com/questions/374/what-is-the-purpose-of-prayer/1116#1116) to 'What is the purpose of prayer?' has some good points:
>
> 1. **Prayer is more than just asking for things**. Tom Duckering's answer does a good job outlining this, but to gloss it again, prayer is communication with God which involves both talking to God and listening to him. As our primary form of communication with God, it reinforces in us our relationship with him in all its forms.
> 2. **Prayer does include asking for specific outcomes**. There are far too many examples to ignore: Abraham conversing with God over Sodom and Gomorrah, David pleading for Bathsheba's son, Hannah praying for a child, even Jesus praying that the cup be taken from him. God wants us to ask for things, even though he doesn't always give us what we ask for.
>
>
>
From OP:
>
> God chooses to ignore the prayers of amputees
>
>
>
'Unanswered' is not ignored. God knows what is best for us.
>
> God created us and knows infinitely more than we know. He knows what is best for us, and what would not be good for us. If you have children, when they were very small, sometimes they asked for things that would not be good for them, or would harm them. For good reasons sometimes parents do not always give their children what they ask for, when they ask for it. Parents give them what is best for them.
>
>
> It is the same way in our prayers to God. God gives us what is best for us. We are God’s children and He gives us what is best for us, and at a time when it is best for us. ...
>
>
> God's timetable is not the same as ours. He knows better than we do when is the best time for our prayers to be answered. (See Hebrews 6 :13-15). God is eternal and does not measure time as we do.1
>
>
>
CS Lewis wrote in [Problem of Pain](https://gutenberg.ca/ebooks/lewiscs-problemofpain/lewiscs-problemofpain-00-h.html)
>
> “**If God were good, He would wish to make His creatures perfectly happy, and if God were almighty He would be able to do what He wished. But the creatures are not happy. Therefore God lacks either goodness, or power, or both**.” This is the problem of pain, in its simplest form. ...
>
>
> On the one hand, if God is wiser than we His judgement must differ from ours on many things, and not least on good and evil. What seems to us good may therefore not be good in His eyes, and what seems to us evil may not be evil....
>
>
> When we want to be something other than the thing God wants us to be, we must be wanting what, in fact, will not make us happy. ...
>
>
> Whether we like it or not, God intends to give us what we need, not what we now think we want
>
>
>
---
This post also assumes all amputees pray for the same outcome. There are amputees who pray in gratitude that it was just a limb/partial limb, not their life that was lost (or some other variation of gratitude).
1 [Why does God not answer my prayers?](https://www.bibleinfo.com/en/questions/why-does-god-not-answer-my-prayer) |
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