qid int64 1 74.7M | question stringlengths 12 33.8k | date stringlengths 10 10 | metadata list | response_j stringlengths 0 115k | response_k stringlengths 2 98.3k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
85,238 | Whenever I get a checkup with my eye doctor, they have me sign a consent-to-treat form. I never gave it a second thought. This last visit, though, the front desk attendant was distracted when I arrived. They knew I was there waiting, but forgot to have me sign. They called me for my appointment, I finished, paid, checked out with the same attendant at the desk, and left.
Now I'm wondering. Does it matter that they forgot to have me sign? Obviously I consented to being treated because I'm an adult and I willingly went with the doctor, so what's the need to have me sign? Is there some reason that an optometrist in the US would have me sign for my consent to treat at every visit when my implied consent is so obviously given? Is there some liability that they reduce by getting my physical signature? | 2022/10/11 | [
"https://law.stackexchange.com/questions/85238",
"https://law.stackexchange.com",
"https://law.stackexchange.com/users/37913/"
] | If they do a treatment which you didn't consent to and harm you they risk being sued. As such, they get you to sign a consent form to prove you agreed to the treatment and were informed about what was going on and any material risks.
They had implied verbal consent from you which is enough legally, but there's a risk that if it went wrong you could claim you didn't consent, they lied about what treatment you had, and they illegally did it.
As an example, they often drip something into your eye which can sometimes cause blurry vision for a while. If you had blurry vision after and crashed your car you could theoretically sue them because you say you didn't consent to that and they have no proof you did. | All medical providers have to have insurance. **Malpractice insurance** is often reported to be very costly. As a potential strategy for reducing malpractice claims, the insurance companies could give a discount to all the doctors who agree to receive such a written consent from all the patients.
The rituals setup by insurance companies are often meant to **reduce chances of small-probability high-cost events**.
Consider what happens if insurance companies have calculated that
* it will, *for example*(!!!!), remove 1 in 50,000 chance that someone will get treated for something other than what they agreed to be treated for
* the savings from not paying out the malpractice suit would be higher than the discounts these companies give to all the doctors for agreeing to this ritual
In such a scenario, it's a good practice for the insurance company to sell such a discount. If a doctor performs a wrong procedure and they don't get a consent form, they won't have insurance and they will be on the hook (no insurance) for the malpractice claim. If they perform the right procedure, and their malpractice insurer doesn't find out, none will be the wiser. |
85,238 | Whenever I get a checkup with my eye doctor, they have me sign a consent-to-treat form. I never gave it a second thought. This last visit, though, the front desk attendant was distracted when I arrived. They knew I was there waiting, but forgot to have me sign. They called me for my appointment, I finished, paid, checked out with the same attendant at the desk, and left.
Now I'm wondering. Does it matter that they forgot to have me sign? Obviously I consented to being treated because I'm an adult and I willingly went with the doctor, so what's the need to have me sign? Is there some reason that an optometrist in the US would have me sign for my consent to treat at every visit when my implied consent is so obviously given? Is there some liability that they reduce by getting my physical signature? | 2022/10/11 | [
"https://law.stackexchange.com/questions/85238",
"https://law.stackexchange.com",
"https://law.stackexchange.com/users/37913/"
] | One vital word is missing from here: **informed** consent.
This means the health care provider has given you the relevant information about risks etc., which is precisely the sort of thing that you *wouldn't* otherwise know, so that when you decide, you know what you're actually choosing to consent to. Such consent should be properly documented, particularly what/how/when information was given.
Uninformed consent is legally invalid.
See for example, positions of the [AMA](https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/ethics/informed-consent), [NHS](https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/consent-to-treatment/), [CMPA](https://www.cmpa-acpm.ca/en/advice-publications/handbooks/consent-a-guide-for-canadian-physicians), [ACSQHC](https://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/our-work/partnering-consumers/informed-consent), [NZMOH](https://www.health.govt.nz/your-health/services-and-support/your-rights). This is universal, per [WHO](https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/human-rights-and-health).
The documentation serves multiple purposes, including at least:
1. Protection in the case the patient later decides to claim that they didn't consent (or their expressed consent was invalid).
2. Proper medical records for future reference, either by the same provider or a different one.
3. Following procedural rules that most, if not all, physician regulators require as part of professional codes of conduct.
The necessity of having written paperwork is proportional to the risks involved in the procedure. Taking blood pressure? Nobody is going to care\*. Putting stuff in someone's eye that does have possible side effects and limitation on driving? Yep.
\*: And it's not like that's risk-free. You can turn a blood pressure cuff into a [tourniquet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourniquet) and cause damage, but at that point you just sue the device manufacturer for defect and/or provider for blatant malpractice, regardless of consent. | All medical providers have to have insurance. **Malpractice insurance** is often reported to be very costly. As a potential strategy for reducing malpractice claims, the insurance companies could give a discount to all the doctors who agree to receive such a written consent from all the patients.
The rituals setup by insurance companies are often meant to **reduce chances of small-probability high-cost events**.
Consider what happens if insurance companies have calculated that
* it will, *for example*(!!!!), remove 1 in 50,000 chance that someone will get treated for something other than what they agreed to be treated for
* the savings from not paying out the malpractice suit would be higher than the discounts these companies give to all the doctors for agreeing to this ritual
In such a scenario, it's a good practice for the insurance company to sell such a discount. If a doctor performs a wrong procedure and they don't get a consent form, they won't have insurance and they will be on the hook (no insurance) for the malpractice claim. If they perform the right procedure, and their malpractice insurer doesn't find out, none will be the wiser. |
38,098 | If I were wanting to drive i.e. industrial relays which require 24v from a Microchip PIC what would I need to look at in terms of a general transistor circuit (and it's pitfalls when driving such a component). | 2012/08/16 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/38098",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/9851/"
] | A very simple and integrated solution may be the [NUD3160](http://www.onsemi.com/PowerSolutions/product.do?id=NUD3160). Basically the same footprint as a discrete MOSFET or transistor but with inbuilt protection for both the input and output. | I recently did something very similar to this as a beginner, and found MOSFETS very useful. You need a 24V source from somewhere to switch your relay, which should be connected across the drain-source pins of the MOSFET. You apply a voltage to the Gate pin (using the pinout from your PIC), and this essentially switches the relay-driving circuit on.
I made the mistake of taking the gate-threshold voltage in the datasheets as the voltage required to fully turn it, so rather than worrying about this it's much easier to just get a logic-level MOSFET, such as the IRL520. You need to make sure that it's capable of switching 24V and whatever current your relay will draw.
You also need to connect a diode in parallel with the relay to prevent damage to the transistor when it switches. |
38,098 | If I were wanting to drive i.e. industrial relays which require 24v from a Microchip PIC what would I need to look at in terms of a general transistor circuit (and it's pitfalls when driving such a component). | 2012/08/16 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/38098",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/9851/"
] | I personally would follow stevenvh's answer only I would move R2 to the pic side of R1. The reason for this is R1 and R2 are acting as a voltage divider and therefore you are not getting the full pic voltage on to the gate pin of the MOSFET. by moving R2 to the other side of R1 you'll get the full voltage at the gate pin.
Admittedly the voltage loss will be very small as the resistor values chosen here will only loose 0.003v @ 3.3v so it wouldn't really make a difference in this example but with different resistor values it could make a difference so out of principle I would always put R2 on the other side of R1 | I recently did something very similar to this as a beginner, and found MOSFETS very useful. You need a 24V source from somewhere to switch your relay, which should be connected across the drain-source pins of the MOSFET. You apply a voltage to the Gate pin (using the pinout from your PIC), and this essentially switches the relay-driving circuit on.
I made the mistake of taking the gate-threshold voltage in the datasheets as the voltage required to fully turn it, so rather than worrying about this it's much easier to just get a logic-level MOSFET, such as the IRL520. You need to make sure that it's capable of switching 24V and whatever current your relay will draw.
You also need to connect a diode in parallel with the relay to prevent damage to the transistor when it switches. |
38,098 | If I were wanting to drive i.e. industrial relays which require 24v from a Microchip PIC what would I need to look at in terms of a general transistor circuit (and it's pitfalls when driving such a component). | 2012/08/16 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/38098",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/9851/"
] | A very simple and integrated solution may be the [NUD3160](http://www.onsemi.com/PowerSolutions/product.do?id=NUD3160). Basically the same footprint as a discrete MOSFET or transistor but with inbuilt protection for both the input and output. | I personally would follow stevenvh's answer only I would move R2 to the pic side of R1. The reason for this is R1 and R2 are acting as a voltage divider and therefore you are not getting the full pic voltage on to the gate pin of the MOSFET. by moving R2 to the other side of R1 you'll get the full voltage at the gate pin.
Admittedly the voltage loss will be very small as the resistor values chosen here will only loose 0.003v @ 3.3v so it wouldn't really make a difference in this example but with different resistor values it could make a difference so out of principle I would always put R2 on the other side of R1 |
1,050,754 | I'd like to have sound output simultaneously from my PC's front and rear jack sockets.
This used to work fine with Ubuntu 12, but I now have Ubuntu 14.04 and it's one or the other.
So far I have tried changing the levels in alsamixer in the CLI, no joy.
However, I notice that in the alsamixer, the entry labelled, 'Headphone' is set to 00 and it cannot be changed, with or without a lead plugged in to the (front) jack socket. | 2016/03/09 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/1050754",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/550690/"
] | I have discovered the solution, I do not know how this worked:
1. Install gnome-alsamixer (I did it via the CLI).
2. In the gnome-alsamixer GUI, play about with the various mutes and sliders, then set them to what you want them to be.
Both the front and rear audio jacks now output sound (to my PC speakers and my hi-fi speakers). Sweet!
The (other) weird thing is, when I plug the hi-fi (amp lead) into the PC's front audio jack, the PC speakers' volume goes up a bit. If anyone can explain this, I would be interested.
Cheers. | Right - the solution seems to be: using the CLI,start **Alsamixer** (*the Gnome-alsamixer GUI doesn't seem to work for this*) and disable the **Auto-Mute**. Sound comes out from front and rear jacks now. Suh-weetah! I can hear "I Am The Black Gold Of The Sun" by The Rotary Connection in glorious double stereo. |
27,360 | In real time project, who provides BDD scenarios (cucumber feature file) to be automated? Is it already provided by the business or QA person has to write it? | 2017/05/20 | [
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com/questions/27360",
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com",
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com/users/25224/"
] | This depends who you let write them. It is not like there is a rule whom should write them.
At least the "[Feature:](https://github.com/cucumber/cucumber/wiki/Feature-Introduction)" part of the BDD should be written by a business person as user-story format is from a business perspective. The "Scenario:" examples could be written by others:
* Product Owner: In Agile teams I think this is a great candidate.
* QA: BDD Scenarios or Acceptance steps are tests, so letting test-minded people write them makes sense.
* Developer: If no one else writes them this person could also write them if they want to work test-first.
Personally I would hold [Specification by Example workshops](https://less.works/less/technical-excellence/specification-by-example.html) and let the team define them together including business people, developers and qa. | Preferrably, the feature files are not provided but are created in a collaborative effect between tester, developer and product owner. Commonly referred as the [three amigos concept](https://inviqa.com/blog/bdd-guide). See also thoughts on this from the creators of cucumber <https://cucumber.io/blog/2014/03/03/the-worlds-most-misunderstood-collaboration-tool> |
12,971 | Three people were getting married to each other,
ββ Though polygamous they were not.
All men they were in the marriage,
ββ Though homosexuality was not in their minds.
They three share two parents,
ββ Though they detested the notion of inbreeding. (And this was not, in fact, a consanguineous marriage)
Who are these men?
Hint 1:
>
> The first line makes you assume more than has been said. The "people" referred to "are" not what you assume "them" to be.
>
>
>
Hint 2:
>
> 45 chromosomes are identical (Not a single difference, even on the atomic level) between the "three men".
>
>
>
Hint 3:
>
> Hint 2 does not say that the 46th was different. And two of the "three men" were the same person all along.
>
>
>
Hint 4:
>
> Two of the men are the same person. This is a different hint from hint 3.
>
>
> | 2015/04/29 | [
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com/questions/12971",
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com",
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | Somewhat fitting (but probably wrong):
>
> Proton, Neutron and Electron. They are all being 'bonded' to form an element, but do not have the a conscious to think or detest. Their parents are mass and charge.
>
>
> | Hilarious lateral-thinking answer: it's a marriage between
>
> **Three People Were** (a woman), who together with her siblings formed a gang called **They Three**.
>
>
>
and
>
> **Each Other**, nicknamed **All Men They** (a man).
>
>
>
*Three people were getting married to each other,*
Well, obviously!
*Though polygamous they were not.*
Polygamy has nothing to do with it!
*All men they were in the marriage,*
Indeed.
*Though homosexuality was not in their minds.*
No homosexuality here.
*They three share two parents,*
Siblings share two parents.
*Though they detested the notion of inbreeding.*
Nothing to do with inbreeding either! |
12,971 | Three people were getting married to each other,
ββ Though polygamous they were not.
All men they were in the marriage,
ββ Though homosexuality was not in their minds.
They three share two parents,
ββ Though they detested the notion of inbreeding. (And this was not, in fact, a consanguineous marriage)
Who are these men?
Hint 1:
>
> The first line makes you assume more than has been said. The "people" referred to "are" not what you assume "them" to be.
>
>
>
Hint 2:
>
> 45 chromosomes are identical (Not a single difference, even on the atomic level) between the "three men".
>
>
>
Hint 3:
>
> Hint 2 does not say that the 46th was different. And two of the "three men" were the same person all along.
>
>
>
Hint 4:
>
> Two of the men are the same person. This is a different hint from hint 3.
>
>
> | 2015/04/29 | [
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com/questions/12971",
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com",
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | [lateral-thinking]
This has been invalidated by an edit to the riddle stating explicitly that it is not a consanguineous marriage.
>
> Technically, they could be just three human males getting married. You're not polygamous until after you're married and, at this moment, they're only getting married. Homosexuality was not on their minds at this moment because they were all thinking about the three wedding cakes. The detested the notion of inbreeding (or marrying within the family) but that doesn't mean they wouldn't do it. Maybe they were being forced into the marriage by an evil alien overlord.
>
>
> | Is it
>
> Male triplets in the womb, perhaps conjoined?
>
>
>
>
> They are married to each other in the sense of "any close or intimate association or union". It is an asexual relationship and they would share the same two parents. It appears to meet all the requirements. However, conjoined triplets are incredibly rare.
>
>
> |
12,971 | Three people were getting married to each other,
ββ Though polygamous they were not.
All men they were in the marriage,
ββ Though homosexuality was not in their minds.
They three share two parents,
ββ Though they detested the notion of inbreeding. (And this was not, in fact, a consanguineous marriage)
Who are these men?
Hint 1:
>
> The first line makes you assume more than has been said. The "people" referred to "are" not what you assume "them" to be.
>
>
>
Hint 2:
>
> 45 chromosomes are identical (Not a single difference, even on the atomic level) between the "three men".
>
>
>
Hint 3:
>
> Hint 2 does not say that the 46th was different. And two of the "three men" were the same person all along.
>
>
>
Hint 4:
>
> Two of the men are the same person. This is a different hint from hint 3.
>
>
> | 2015/04/29 | [
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com/questions/12971",
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com",
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | Partial Answer! Could it be something in the form of:
>
> An alliance? With three leaders that are all male, of three countries that all originated from one original country?
>
>
>
Nothing comming to my mind, but someone may be better at history than I am if this is the correct path. | My best guess :
>
> A man with multiple personality disorder had a sex change and married his adopted brother. The "marriage" is a genuine marriage, but is between a man, a (newly-made) woman with the same parents but no blood relation, and the male alter-ago of the transexual. No clue about the chromosome part, maybe part of the surgery involved cutting one off.
>
>
>
Just in case this is somehow not the correct answer (though I wrote this before reading the 3rd hint...),
>
> I *do* think two of the 'men' are the same person, somehow. I think in fact 46 of their chromosomes are identical and the 45 reference is a red herring. If they're identical to the *atomic level* surely it's impossible for them to be two different people?
>
>
>
Also,
>
> Pretty sure sex change is involved somehow. The question even says at marriage they *were* men, which is ambiguous as to *when* they were men.
>
>
> |
12,971 | Three people were getting married to each other,
ββ Though polygamous they were not.
All men they were in the marriage,
ββ Though homosexuality was not in their minds.
They three share two parents,
ββ Though they detested the notion of inbreeding. (And this was not, in fact, a consanguineous marriage)
Who are these men?
Hint 1:
>
> The first line makes you assume more than has been said. The "people" referred to "are" not what you assume "them" to be.
>
>
>
Hint 2:
>
> 45 chromosomes are identical (Not a single difference, even on the atomic level) between the "three men".
>
>
>
Hint 3:
>
> Hint 2 does not say that the 46th was different. And two of the "three men" were the same person all along.
>
>
>
Hint 4:
>
> Two of the men are the same person. This is a different hint from hint 3.
>
>
> | 2015/04/29 | [
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com/questions/12971",
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com",
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | Are they
>
> Canadians?
>
>
>
The 3 people are
>
> The French, the English and the native American
>
>
> | Is it
>
> Male triplets in the womb, perhaps conjoined?
>
>
>
>
> They are married to each other in the sense of "any close or intimate association or union". It is an asexual relationship and they would share the same two parents. It appears to meet all the requirements. However, conjoined triplets are incredibly rare.
>
>
> |
12,971 | Three people were getting married to each other,
ββ Though polygamous they were not.
All men they were in the marriage,
ββ Though homosexuality was not in their minds.
They three share two parents,
ββ Though they detested the notion of inbreeding. (And this was not, in fact, a consanguineous marriage)
Who are these men?
Hint 1:
>
> The first line makes you assume more than has been said. The "people" referred to "are" not what you assume "them" to be.
>
>
>
Hint 2:
>
> 45 chromosomes are identical (Not a single difference, even on the atomic level) between the "three men".
>
>
>
Hint 3:
>
> Hint 2 does not say that the 46th was different. And two of the "three men" were the same person all along.
>
>
>
Hint 4:
>
> Two of the men are the same person. This is a different hint from hint 3.
>
>
> | 2015/04/29 | [
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com/questions/12971",
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com",
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | Partial Answer! Could it be something in the form of:
>
> An alliance? With three leaders that are all male, of three countries that all originated from one original country?
>
>
>
Nothing comming to my mind, but someone may be better at history than I am if this is the correct path. | Brilliant riddles get desperate answers.
>
> Knight and Bishop Check Mate. >
> They are all drawn from White or Black stock. >
> It all plays out on 8 X 8 coloured (chromo-) square ?bodies. N B K. >
>
>
> |
12,971 | Three people were getting married to each other,
ββ Though polygamous they were not.
All men they were in the marriage,
ββ Though homosexuality was not in their minds.
They three share two parents,
ββ Though they detested the notion of inbreeding. (And this was not, in fact, a consanguineous marriage)
Who are these men?
Hint 1:
>
> The first line makes you assume more than has been said. The "people" referred to "are" not what you assume "them" to be.
>
>
>
Hint 2:
>
> 45 chromosomes are identical (Not a single difference, even on the atomic level) between the "three men".
>
>
>
Hint 3:
>
> Hint 2 does not say that the 46th was different. And two of the "three men" were the same person all along.
>
>
>
Hint 4:
>
> Two of the men are the same person. This is a different hint from hint 3.
>
>
> | 2015/04/29 | [
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com/questions/12971",
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com",
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | Somewhat fitting (but probably wrong):
>
> Proton, Neutron and Electron. They are all being 'bonded' to form an element, but do not have the a conscious to think or detest. Their parents are mass and charge.
>
>
> | Is it
>
> Male triplets in the womb, perhaps conjoined?
>
>
>
>
> They are married to each other in the sense of "any close or intimate association or union". It is an asexual relationship and they would share the same two parents. It appears to meet all the requirements. However, conjoined triplets are incredibly rare.
>
>
> |
12,971 | Three people were getting married to each other,
ββ Though polygamous they were not.
All men they were in the marriage,
ββ Though homosexuality was not in their minds.
They three share two parents,
ββ Though they detested the notion of inbreeding. (And this was not, in fact, a consanguineous marriage)
Who are these men?
Hint 1:
>
> The first line makes you assume more than has been said. The "people" referred to "are" not what you assume "them" to be.
>
>
>
Hint 2:
>
> 45 chromosomes are identical (Not a single difference, even on the atomic level) between the "three men".
>
>
>
Hint 3:
>
> Hint 2 does not say that the 46th was different. And two of the "three men" were the same person all along.
>
>
>
Hint 4:
>
> Two of the men are the same person. This is a different hint from hint 3.
>
>
> | 2015/04/29 | [
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com/questions/12971",
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com",
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | >
> Kellogg's "Snap, Crackle and Pop!" embodying tetraploid rice that happens to have 45/48 identical chromosomes, and 3/48 that for whatever reason of meiosis or varietal development are different. Though I guess tetraploid varietals would be inbred by definition.
>
>
> | My best guess :
>
> A man with multiple personality disorder had a sex change and married his adopted brother. The "marriage" is a genuine marriage, but is between a man, a (newly-made) woman with the same parents but no blood relation, and the male alter-ago of the transexual. No clue about the chromosome part, maybe part of the surgery involved cutting one off.
>
>
>
Just in case this is somehow not the correct answer (though I wrote this before reading the 3rd hint...),
>
> I *do* think two of the 'men' are the same person, somehow. I think in fact 46 of their chromosomes are identical and the 45 reference is a red herring. If they're identical to the *atomic level* surely it's impossible for them to be two different people?
>
>
>
Also,
>
> Pretty sure sex change is involved somehow. The question even says at marriage they *were* men, which is ambiguous as to *when* they were men.
>
>
> |
12,971 | Three people were getting married to each other,
ββ Though polygamous they were not.
All men they were in the marriage,
ββ Though homosexuality was not in their minds.
They three share two parents,
ββ Though they detested the notion of inbreeding. (And this was not, in fact, a consanguineous marriage)
Who are these men?
Hint 1:
>
> The first line makes you assume more than has been said. The "people" referred to "are" not what you assume "them" to be.
>
>
>
Hint 2:
>
> 45 chromosomes are identical (Not a single difference, even on the atomic level) between the "three men".
>
>
>
Hint 3:
>
> Hint 2 does not say that the 46th was different. And two of the "three men" were the same person all along.
>
>
>
Hint 4:
>
> Two of the men are the same person. This is a different hint from hint 3.
>
>
> | 2015/04/29 | [
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com/questions/12971",
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com",
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | Are they
>
> A man's past, present, and future
>
>
>
Three people were getting married to each other
>
> They are getting married (as in joined/linked) all the time. The future self joins the present, and the present joins the past.
>
>
>
All men they were in the marriage
>
> Check (baring any gender identity changes)
>
>
>
They three share two parents
>
> Check, every person has the same parents as themselves
>
>
> | Hilarious lateral-thinking answer: it's a marriage between
>
> **Three People Were** (a woman), who together with her siblings formed a gang called **They Three**.
>
>
>
and
>
> **Each Other**, nicknamed **All Men They** (a man).
>
>
>
*Three people were getting married to each other,*
Well, obviously!
*Though polygamous they were not.*
Polygamy has nothing to do with it!
*All men they were in the marriage,*
Indeed.
*Though homosexuality was not in their minds.*
No homosexuality here.
*They three share two parents,*
Siblings share two parents.
*Though they detested the notion of inbreeding.*
Nothing to do with inbreeding either! |
12,971 | Three people were getting married to each other,
ββ Though polygamous they were not.
All men they were in the marriage,
ββ Though homosexuality was not in their minds.
They three share two parents,
ββ Though they detested the notion of inbreeding. (And this was not, in fact, a consanguineous marriage)
Who are these men?
Hint 1:
>
> The first line makes you assume more than has been said. The "people" referred to "are" not what you assume "them" to be.
>
>
>
Hint 2:
>
> 45 chromosomes are identical (Not a single difference, even on the atomic level) between the "three men".
>
>
>
Hint 3:
>
> Hint 2 does not say that the 46th was different. And two of the "three men" were the same person all along.
>
>
>
Hint 4:
>
> Two of the men are the same person. This is a different hint from hint 3.
>
>
> | 2015/04/29 | [
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com/questions/12971",
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com",
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | Are they
>
> Canadians?
>
>
>
The 3 people are
>
> The French, the English and the native American
>
>
> | Brilliant riddles get desperate answers.
>
> Knight and Bishop Check Mate. >
> They are all drawn from White or Black stock. >
> It all plays out on 8 X 8 coloured (chromo-) square ?bodies. N B K. >
>
>
> |
12,971 | Three people were getting married to each other,
ββ Though polygamous they were not.
All men they were in the marriage,
ββ Though homosexuality was not in their minds.
They three share two parents,
ββ Though they detested the notion of inbreeding. (And this was not, in fact, a consanguineous marriage)
Who are these men?
Hint 1:
>
> The first line makes you assume more than has been said. The "people" referred to "are" not what you assume "them" to be.
>
>
>
Hint 2:
>
> 45 chromosomes are identical (Not a single difference, even on the atomic level) between the "three men".
>
>
>
Hint 3:
>
> Hint 2 does not say that the 46th was different. And two of the "three men" were the same person all along.
>
>
>
Hint 4:
>
> Two of the men are the same person. This is a different hint from hint 3.
>
>
> | 2015/04/29 | [
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com/questions/12971",
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com",
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | One thought is:
>
> The holy trinity in Christianity. The father, the son and the holy spirit. All "married" or bonded as one. Nothing in the relationship is sexual. Can be assumed to be male (the holy ghost being somewhat ambiguous). Who the two parents are, I can't be sure.
>
>
>
Another thought, though a bit further out in left field:
>
> Me, myself and I.
>
>
> **Edit:**
>
> As an elaboration, I would say this is regarding someone with multiple personalities. The personalities themselves could be being married, or indeed if the person is being "cured" somehow and the personalities merged into one, this could constitute marriage or bond (whether such a thing is possible, I have no idea). The person is, of course, male.
>
>
> | Brilliant riddles get desperate answers.
>
> Knight and Bishop Check Mate. >
> They are all drawn from White or Black stock. >
> It all plays out on 8 X 8 coloured (chromo-) square ?bodies. N B K. >
>
>
> |
65,301 | I wrote this sentence which is too long with "but"
>
> To illustrate this, suppose we want to eliminate the navigation bar from the page sidebar. We may create a rule in which the link density is employed to distinguish such a part, **but** when this rule is applied to the page, all such elements are removed regardless of their locations in the page, even if they are within the main content (e.g. Table of Contents)
>
>
>
can I write it with "however"? I just feel **but** in this sentence makes more direct contrast.
Are there cases in which we'd better use "but" even in formal sentences? | 2015/08/25 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/65301",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/11569/"
] | *But* and *however*, though they both imply a contrast between what goes before and what comes after, focus the relationship very differently.
* *but* itself takes a low emphasis: it is unstressed in speech, and in writing accommodates low-disjunction pointingβit may follow a mere comma or in some circumstances no point at all. Even in high-disjunction contexts it throws the emphasis on the following proposition rather than on the contrast between the two propositions. *But* is typically used to introduce a clause which qualifies, mitigates or dismisses the previous clause.
* *however* at the beginning of a clause takes high emphasis. In speech it takes a primary stress, which is usually not matched until considerably later in the following clause. In writing it must be preceded by high-disjunction pointingβa semicolon, dash or full stop. It emphasizes the contrast between the two propositions it lies between, and typically signals that your discourse is going in a new direction.
This emphasis is somewhat neutralized when *however* appears as a parenthetical at some point after the beginning of the clause. It usually appears as a 'drop-off' after the clause's first primary stress and marks the stressed element as the source or occasion of contrast.
In your sentence, then, the use of *but* or *however* will depend on how you regard the contrast between the propositions to either side. ~~Since we don't know what point you are illustrating, or how the contrast within your example bears on it, it's impossible to say which you should use.~~
ADDED:
Your comment adds that "when the rule is applied, unexpectedly, the user see many other elements are also erased from the page." This situation, where your key point is the unexpected difference between what was intended and what actually happened, seems to me to be tailor-made for *however*; and I'd rewrite a little to make the contrast even clearer:
>
> To illustrate this, suppose we want to eliminate the navigation bar from the page sidebar. We create a rule in which the link density is employed to distinguish that piece. That will certainly remove the navigation bar; **however**, when the rule is applied to the entire page **all** such elements will be removed, regardless of location on the pageβeven elements (for example, a Table of Contents) within the main content.
>
>
>
The pieces in boldface are those which receive primary stress in speech. | In technical and scientific writing, prefer '*however*' over '*but*'. Their meaning is the same, and yet the reading seems smoother with the former, while the latter creates a harder point.
The use of '*but*' is more suited for idioms like "*all **but** one*". |
220,572 | Is there a way I can stream my personal music collection over the internet. I have a always on, always connected PC running Windows 7 which hosts the music collection. On my home network, streaming it from the PC to Xbox is trivial. Is there a way to do over the internet so that I have access to it, say, at the place I work? | 2010/12/10 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/220572",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/57380/"
] | **[Audiogalaxy](http://www.audiogalaxy.com)** is drop-dead simple, and just works!
>
> "Audiogalaxy's new cloud music player puts all your music and playlists at your fingertips from any computer or mobile phone. Audiogalaxy Mobile for iPhone Audiogalaxy for Android
> No syncing, no copying, no uploading.
> Just streaming.
>
>
>
<http://lifehacker.com/5616663/audiogalaxy-makes-streaming-music-from-your-pc-dead-simple> | try [shoutcast](http://www.shoutcast.com/broadcast-tools), it's quite popular
you can also try [vibe streamer](http://www.vibestreamer.com/)
you'll probably have to enable port forwarding on your router for the streaming to work. |
220,572 | Is there a way I can stream my personal music collection over the internet. I have a always on, always connected PC running Windows 7 which hosts the music collection. On my home network, streaming it from the PC to Xbox is trivial. Is there a way to do over the internet so that I have access to it, say, at the place I work? | 2010/12/10 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/220572",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/57380/"
] | I'm a fan of [Subsonic](http://www.subsonic.org/pages/index.jsp). I can even browse and listen to my collection on my Android phone. Here is the [demo page](http://subsonic.org/demo/login.view?user=guest4&password=guest). Works on multiple platforms too. Streaming to your work depends on which port you decide to use. I would see if your ISP allows port 80 outgoing traffic. If not, you can set up SSL (port 443) since most work places should allow that. By default, Subsonic uses port 4040 but you can change it.
[Community Support](http://forum.subsonic.org/) is great and the author continues to improve the product.
If you need to stream to your Xbox, try [PS3MediaServer](http://code.google.com/p/ps3mediaserver/). Works on the Xbox as well. | try [shoutcast](http://www.shoutcast.com/broadcast-tools), it's quite popular
you can also try [vibe streamer](http://www.vibestreamer.com/)
you'll probably have to enable port forwarding on your router for the streaming to work. |
220,572 | Is there a way I can stream my personal music collection over the internet. I have a always on, always connected PC running Windows 7 which hosts the music collection. On my home network, streaming it from the PC to Xbox is trivial. Is there a way to do over the internet so that I have access to it, say, at the place I work? | 2010/12/10 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/220572",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/57380/"
] | **[Audiogalaxy](http://www.audiogalaxy.com)** is drop-dead simple, and just works!
>
> "Audiogalaxy's new cloud music player puts all your music and playlists at your fingertips from any computer or mobile phone. Audiogalaxy Mobile for iPhone Audiogalaxy for Android
> No syncing, no copying, no uploading.
> Just streaming.
>
>
>
<http://lifehacker.com/5616663/audiogalaxy-makes-streaming-music-from-your-pc-dead-simple> | My favorite is Orb (now called "Orb Classic"). It is super easy to install and doesn't require any port forwarding, remembering your IP address, etc.
You can stream your music, photos, videos and even live TV using it. You access your content via the web. Get it at <http://corp.orb.com/en/download_orb> |
220,572 | Is there a way I can stream my personal music collection over the internet. I have a always on, always connected PC running Windows 7 which hosts the music collection. On my home network, streaming it from the PC to Xbox is trivial. Is there a way to do over the internet so that I have access to it, say, at the place I work? | 2010/12/10 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/220572",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/57380/"
] | I'm a fan of [Subsonic](http://www.subsonic.org/pages/index.jsp). I can even browse and listen to my collection on my Android phone. Here is the [demo page](http://subsonic.org/demo/login.view?user=guest4&password=guest). Works on multiple platforms too. Streaming to your work depends on which port you decide to use. I would see if your ISP allows port 80 outgoing traffic. If not, you can set up SSL (port 443) since most work places should allow that. By default, Subsonic uses port 4040 but you can change it.
[Community Support](http://forum.subsonic.org/) is great and the author continues to improve the product.
If you need to stream to your Xbox, try [PS3MediaServer](http://code.google.com/p/ps3mediaserver/). Works on the Xbox as well. | My favorite is Orb (now called "Orb Classic"). It is super easy to install and doesn't require any port forwarding, remembering your IP address, etc.
You can stream your music, photos, videos and even live TV using it. You access your content via the web. Get it at <http://corp.orb.com/en/download_orb> |
220,572 | Is there a way I can stream my personal music collection over the internet. I have a always on, always connected PC running Windows 7 which hosts the music collection. On my home network, streaming it from the PC to Xbox is trivial. Is there a way to do over the internet so that I have access to it, say, at the place I work? | 2010/12/10 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/220572",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/57380/"
] | **[Audiogalaxy](http://www.audiogalaxy.com)** is drop-dead simple, and just works!
>
> "Audiogalaxy's new cloud music player puts all your music and playlists at your fingertips from any computer or mobile phone. Audiogalaxy Mobile for iPhone Audiogalaxy for Android
> No syncing, no copying, no uploading.
> Just streaming.
>
>
>
<http://lifehacker.com/5616663/audiogalaxy-makes-streaming-music-from-your-pc-dead-simple> | I'm a fan of [Subsonic](http://www.subsonic.org/pages/index.jsp). I can even browse and listen to my collection on my Android phone. Here is the [demo page](http://subsonic.org/demo/login.view?user=guest4&password=guest). Works on multiple platforms too. Streaming to your work depends on which port you decide to use. I would see if your ISP allows port 80 outgoing traffic. If not, you can set up SSL (port 443) since most work places should allow that. By default, Subsonic uses port 4040 but you can change it.
[Community Support](http://forum.subsonic.org/) is great and the author continues to improve the product.
If you need to stream to your Xbox, try [PS3MediaServer](http://code.google.com/p/ps3mediaserver/). Works on the Xbox as well. |
220,572 | Is there a way I can stream my personal music collection over the internet. I have a always on, always connected PC running Windows 7 which hosts the music collection. On my home network, streaming it from the PC to Xbox is trivial. Is there a way to do over the internet so that I have access to it, say, at the place I work? | 2010/12/10 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/220572",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/57380/"
] | **[Audiogalaxy](http://www.audiogalaxy.com)** is drop-dead simple, and just works!
>
> "Audiogalaxy's new cloud music player puts all your music and playlists at your fingertips from any computer or mobile phone. Audiogalaxy Mobile for iPhone Audiogalaxy for Android
> No syncing, no copying, no uploading.
> Just streaming.
>
>
>
<http://lifehacker.com/5616663/audiogalaxy-makes-streaming-music-from-your-pc-dead-simple> | You already have it installed: [**Windows Media Player 12**](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/e7/media-streaming-with-windows-7). |
220,572 | Is there a way I can stream my personal music collection over the internet. I have a always on, always connected PC running Windows 7 which hosts the music collection. On my home network, streaming it from the PC to Xbox is trivial. Is there a way to do over the internet so that I have access to it, say, at the place I work? | 2010/12/10 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/220572",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/57380/"
] | I'm a fan of [Subsonic](http://www.subsonic.org/pages/index.jsp). I can even browse and listen to my collection on my Android phone. Here is the [demo page](http://subsonic.org/demo/login.view?user=guest4&password=guest). Works on multiple platforms too. Streaming to your work depends on which port you decide to use. I would see if your ISP allows port 80 outgoing traffic. If not, you can set up SSL (port 443) since most work places should allow that. By default, Subsonic uses port 4040 but you can change it.
[Community Support](http://forum.subsonic.org/) is great and the author continues to improve the product.
If you need to stream to your Xbox, try [PS3MediaServer](http://code.google.com/p/ps3mediaserver/). Works on the Xbox as well. | You already have it installed: [**Windows Media Player 12**](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/e7/media-streaming-with-windows-7). |
100,787 | In Avengers: Endgame, we see Doctor Strange and other sorcerers
>
> open multiple portals at multiple locations across the universe to bring all the help they can get to fight against Thanos' army.
>
>
>
When last seen, Black Panther, Falcon, Wanda, etc. were in Wakanda, Wasp was in San Fransisco, Ravagers were on their Ship/Planet somewhere in the universe.
So, my first question is, how were they able to open inter-planet portals? Has it happened before?
and the second, how did Doctor Strange and fellow sorcerers know where to open the portals and look for help? | 2019/05/16 | [
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/questions/100787",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/users/66115/"
] | >
> how were they able to open inter-planet portals? Has it happened before?
>
>
>
In Doctor Strange (2016), Mordo clearly states that the ring is used to travel throughout the multiverse.
>
> Mastery of the sling ring is essential to the mystic arts. They allow us to travel throughout the multiverse.
>
>
>
So, yes it is possible.
>
> how did they know where to open the portal and look for the help?
>
>
>
Most probably Doctor Strange knew the locations.
================================================
Doctor Strange had seen most of the scenarios of the war against Thanos -- around 14 million -- including the one that was shown in *Avengers: Infinity War.*
So, he would be having some idea about locations of the battles when they got wiped out in *Avengers: Infinity War* as he had seen this scenario. After coming back from dust, Dr Strange would have felt that he came back from a deep sleep but will be having perfect memory of what was going on before he became dust.
He just needed to open the portals at those probable locations. And he would have led the sorcerers to those locations.
EDIT:
Based on Frank's comment:
Strange seems to come directly from the planet they got dusted on, so one can speculate that he would have stuck his head through some portal, told Wang and co. where to go. It would require him to transfer knowledge of the places.
We can see that from the conversation between Strange and Wang which implies that he sent him to collect the rest.
Strange would have brought the guys from his planet (where he got dusted) to Avengers Headquarters (where the battle is) and would have had his mages do the other portals. | One doesn't need time stone to open the portal. as explained in Dr. Strange movie anyone can open a portal to anywhere the can imagine (I don't know how he got the Imagin what it looked like on that side of the war) also he got Wang to get some more people to open the portal and fight the war against Thanos. |
100,787 | In Avengers: Endgame, we see Doctor Strange and other sorcerers
>
> open multiple portals at multiple locations across the universe to bring all the help they can get to fight against Thanos' army.
>
>
>
When last seen, Black Panther, Falcon, Wanda, etc. were in Wakanda, Wasp was in San Fransisco, Ravagers were on their Ship/Planet somewhere in the universe.
So, my first question is, how were they able to open inter-planet portals? Has it happened before?
and the second, how did Doctor Strange and fellow sorcerers know where to open the portals and look for help? | 2019/05/16 | [
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/questions/100787",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/users/66115/"
] | >
> how were they able to open inter-planet portals? Has it happened before?
>
>
>
In Doctor Strange (2016), Mordo clearly states that the ring is used to travel throughout the multiverse.
>
> Mastery of the sling ring is essential to the mystic arts. They allow us to travel throughout the multiverse.
>
>
>
So, yes it is possible.
>
> how did they know where to open the portal and look for the help?
>
>
>
Most probably Doctor Strange knew the locations.
================================================
Doctor Strange had seen most of the scenarios of the war against Thanos -- around 14 million -- including the one that was shown in *Avengers: Infinity War.*
So, he would be having some idea about locations of the battles when they got wiped out in *Avengers: Infinity War* as he had seen this scenario. After coming back from dust, Dr Strange would have felt that he came back from a deep sleep but will be having perfect memory of what was going on before he became dust.
He just needed to open the portals at those probable locations. And he would have led the sorcerers to those locations.
EDIT:
Based on Frank's comment:
Strange seems to come directly from the planet they got dusted on, so one can speculate that he would have stuck his head through some portal, told Wang and co. where to go. It would require him to transfer knowledge of the places.
We can see that from the conversation between Strange and Wang which implies that he sent him to collect the rest.
Strange would have brought the guys from his planet (where he got dusted) to Avengers Headquarters (where the battle is) and would have had his mages do the other portals. | >
> how did they know where to open the portal and look for the help?
>
>
>
**Strange said there was only one way to win**
----------------------------------------------
Strange, in knowing this, would know everyone's locations, **IF** the Avengers managed to achieve the single future that would lead them to overcoming Thanos and succeeding.
If they didn't succeed, then everyone would not be where they should be. So it doesn't matter that Strange doesn't know where they are now, because they have already lost anyways. |
100,787 | In Avengers: Endgame, we see Doctor Strange and other sorcerers
>
> open multiple portals at multiple locations across the universe to bring all the help they can get to fight against Thanos' army.
>
>
>
When last seen, Black Panther, Falcon, Wanda, etc. were in Wakanda, Wasp was in San Fransisco, Ravagers were on their Ship/Planet somewhere in the universe.
So, my first question is, how were they able to open inter-planet portals? Has it happened before?
and the second, how did Doctor Strange and fellow sorcerers know where to open the portals and look for help? | 2019/05/16 | [
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/questions/100787",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/users/66115/"
] | >
> how did they know where to open the portal and look for the help?
>
>
>
**Strange said there was only one way to win**
----------------------------------------------
Strange, in knowing this, would know everyone's locations, **IF** the Avengers managed to achieve the single future that would lead them to overcoming Thanos and succeeding.
If they didn't succeed, then everyone would not be where they should be. So it doesn't matter that Strange doesn't know where they are now, because they have already lost anyways. | One doesn't need time stone to open the portal. as explained in Dr. Strange movie anyone can open a portal to anywhere the can imagine (I don't know how he got the Imagin what it looked like on that side of the war) also he got Wang to get some more people to open the portal and fight the war against Thanos. |
1,415,493 | I am very new to Resharper and trying to implement all the suggestion it gives. Can I do it automatically? I have tried code cleanup. but that wont do all of them. Also I need to remove all commented code. How can I do it? Also I am running it with a silverlight application. Is there any chance of breaking something if I auto accept the suggestions? | 2009/09/12 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1415493",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1312208/"
] | It may be more work, but you should apply any cleanup operation "manually" so that you know what has been changed in your code, can learn from those changes, and can be sure that all the changes are correct. Code Analysis tools offer you suggestions, but they are never 100% correct - sometimes you need to do a bit of the programming yourself ;-)
Don't think of it as a chore. Think of it as a (tedious and repetitive) way of learning a better coding style. THe more often you accept a specific change, the more strongly you will remember the "better" way to write similar code the next time. | I don't believe there's a way to do this.
Even if there were, ReSharper will often give you a choice of actions to take - which would be accepted if this were done automatically? |
1,415,493 | I am very new to Resharper and trying to implement all the suggestion it gives. Can I do it automatically? I have tried code cleanup. but that wont do all of them. Also I need to remove all commented code. How can I do it? Also I am running it with a silverlight application. Is there any chance of breaking something if I auto accept the suggestions? | 2009/09/12 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1415493",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1312208/"
] | Yes, you can do it by code [cleanup](http://www.jetbrains.com/resharper/features/code_formatting.html). | I don't believe there's a way to do this.
Even if there were, ReSharper will often give you a choice of actions to take - which would be accepted if this were done automatically? |
1,415,493 | I am very new to Resharper and trying to implement all the suggestion it gives. Can I do it automatically? I have tried code cleanup. but that wont do all of them. Also I need to remove all commented code. How can I do it? Also I am running it with a silverlight application. Is there any chance of breaking something if I auto accept the suggestions? | 2009/09/12 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1415493",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1312208/"
] | It may be more work, but you should apply any cleanup operation "manually" so that you know what has been changed in your code, can learn from those changes, and can be sure that all the changes are correct. Code Analysis tools offer you suggestions, but they are never 100% correct - sometimes you need to do a bit of the programming yourself ;-)
Don't think of it as a chore. Think of it as a (tedious and repetitive) way of learning a better coding style. THe more often you accept a specific change, the more strongly you will remember the "better" way to write similar code the next time. | If you can find examples that you think ReSharper should cater for automatically, you might like to request the feature on their Jira site and post the link here for others to vote on:
<http://www.jetbrains.net/jira/browse/RSRP> |
1,415,493 | I am very new to Resharper and trying to implement all the suggestion it gives. Can I do it automatically? I have tried code cleanup. but that wont do all of them. Also I need to remove all commented code. How can I do it? Also I am running it with a silverlight application. Is there any chance of breaking something if I auto accept the suggestions? | 2009/09/12 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1415493",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1312208/"
] | Yes, you can do it by code [cleanup](http://www.jetbrains.com/resharper/features/code_formatting.html). | If you can find examples that you think ReSharper should cater for automatically, you might like to request the feature on their Jira site and post the link here for others to vote on:
<http://www.jetbrains.net/jira/browse/RSRP> |
1,415,493 | I am very new to Resharper and trying to implement all the suggestion it gives. Can I do it automatically? I have tried code cleanup. but that wont do all of them. Also I need to remove all commented code. How can I do it? Also I am running it with a silverlight application. Is there any chance of breaking something if I auto accept the suggestions? | 2009/09/12 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1415493",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1312208/"
] | It may be more work, but you should apply any cleanup operation "manually" so that you know what has been changed in your code, can learn from those changes, and can be sure that all the changes are correct. Code Analysis tools offer you suggestions, but they are never 100% correct - sometimes you need to do a bit of the programming yourself ;-)
Don't think of it as a chore. Think of it as a (tedious and repetitive) way of learning a better coding style. THe more often you accept a specific change, the more strongly you will remember the "better" way to write similar code the next time. | Yes, you can do it by code [cleanup](http://www.jetbrains.com/resharper/features/code_formatting.html). |
135,578 | I'm currently designing the UX for a webapp. The webapp can be used both by users who are logged in, and by anonymous (not-logged-in) users.
When a user is anonymous, my team lead wants a small login form displayed on the top right of every page; he specifically did not want a separate login page, because he wants users to have the convenience of being able to login from wherever, without having to navigate somewhere in order to do so. This seems like a sensible request to me. However, I don't know how to make a login form look... good... with so little screen space.
If I display the form horizontally, then there's no good place to put the "forgot credentials" button.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/VhIu4.png)
I considered stacking the username and password fields, but everything looks very squished.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/WYGgQ.png)
Putting the "forgot credentials" button next to the login button feels... unwieldy.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/iYrr2.png)
Maybe it could just be an icon? But what icon would I use to represent forgetting your credentials?
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/k6s2U.png)
I'm not sure whether I like any of these designs or not. How might you guys handle this sort of design? | 2020/11/16 | [
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/135578",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/123025/"
] | Out of the options you have provided, I would suggest that the first option is the best. Keeping the "forgot username" action as a simple link helps to reduce clutter in the header bar.
With that said, I think the whole form adds clutter that will add needless distractions for the user throughout the site. So my suggestion would be that you only show the "login form" ad and when the user needs to use it. Initially the page can simply notify the user they are not logged in, and then provide a link for them to log in if the want it.
Something like this:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/R3wBv.png)
Then when the user clicks on the "Log In" link, it will show the login form:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Dsxb0.png)
This still achieves your requirement of not forcing the user to another page, while also keeping the design simple and not distracting focus from the main content of the page.
---
As a side note, it would be correct to use "log in" for the action, rather than "login". [See this for more information](https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/5302/log-in-to-or-log-into-or-login-to) | I would consider using a modal. You would have a exclusively section for login and it is not a separate page. |
953,202 | I'm searching for some references that deal with topics from "elementary geometry" analysing them from a "higher" perspective (for example, abstract algebra, linear algebra, and so on). | 2014/09/30 | [
"https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/953202",
"https://math.stackexchange.com",
"https://math.stackexchange.com/users/176561/"
] | The book *Algèbre linéaire et Géométrie élémentaire* by Jean Dieudonné is a highly formal presentation of elementary geometry using linear algebra. It's the way the Bourbaki school might have taught geometry in high school.
Two books called *Linear Algebra and Geometry*, one by Kostrikin and Manin, the other by Shafarevich and Remizov, apply linear algebra to geometry, but don't limit themselves to revisiting elementary topics.
Artin's book *Algebra* uses many examples from geometry to illustrate the theory (groups, etc.).
Finally, Volume 2 of the book *Fundamentals of Mathematics*, edited by Behnke and Bachmann, examines geometry from various axiomatic perspectives which, while modern, rigorous, and at times quite abstract, are perhaps closer in spirit to Euclid than to an exposition of geometry through linear algebra. | Kaplansky's *Linear algebra and geometry* does a nice readable overview of the connection with linear algebra. Artin's *Geometric algebra* goes further in depth! but is a little less fun to read. Then there are Kaplansky's references to Coxeter's books which I imagine are great, but I haven't had the time to read them yet. |
953,202 | I'm searching for some references that deal with topics from "elementary geometry" analysing them from a "higher" perspective (for example, abstract algebra, linear algebra, and so on). | 2014/09/30 | [
"https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/953202",
"https://math.stackexchange.com",
"https://math.stackexchange.com/users/176561/"
] | The book *Algèbre linéaire et Géométrie élémentaire* by Jean Dieudonné is a highly formal presentation of elementary geometry using linear algebra. It's the way the Bourbaki school might have taught geometry in high school.
Two books called *Linear Algebra and Geometry*, one by Kostrikin and Manin, the other by Shafarevich and Remizov, apply linear algebra to geometry, but don't limit themselves to revisiting elementary topics.
Artin's book *Algebra* uses many examples from geometry to illustrate the theory (groups, etc.).
Finally, Volume 2 of the book *Fundamentals of Mathematics*, edited by Behnke and Bachmann, examines geometry from various axiomatic perspectives which, while modern, rigorous, and at times quite abstract, are perhaps closer in spirit to Euclid than to an exposition of geometry through linear algebra. | Try JΓΌrgen Richter-Gebert: *Perspectives on Projective Geometry*. It shows the classical material in a modern way, and is written in an excellent pedagogical style. |
953,202 | I'm searching for some references that deal with topics from "elementary geometry" analysing them from a "higher" perspective (for example, abstract algebra, linear algebra, and so on). | 2014/09/30 | [
"https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/953202",
"https://math.stackexchange.com",
"https://math.stackexchange.com/users/176561/"
] | Kaplansky's *Linear algebra and geometry* does a nice readable overview of the connection with linear algebra. Artin's *Geometric algebra* goes further in depth! but is a little less fun to read. Then there are Kaplansky's references to Coxeter's books which I imagine are great, but I haven't had the time to read them yet. | Try JΓΌrgen Richter-Gebert: *Perspectives on Projective Geometry*. It shows the classical material in a modern way, and is written in an excellent pedagogical style. |
87,748 | (Inspired by [Can a lawyer subject the court to a (temporary) ruse for a legitimate purpose?](https://law.stackexchange.com/questions/36934/can-a-lawyer-subject-the-court-to-a-temporary-ruse-for-a-legitimate-purpose))
Under which circumstances are witnesses asked to identify people present (in particular defendants) in the courtroom?
* In which jurisdictions is this a thing? (I know it happens in the US; what about the UK, etc?)
* Are there rules mandating it (either local court rules, statutes, or jurisprudence), or is it something the parties may choose to do or not? If the parties choose, why would they do or not do it? | 2023/01/02 | [
"https://law.stackexchange.com/questions/87748",
"https://law.stackexchange.com",
"https://law.stackexchange.com/users/47680/"
] | [canada](/questions/tagged/canada "show questions tagged 'canada'")[criminal-law](/questions/tagged/criminal-law "show questions tagged 'criminal-law'")
In Canada, this is called "in-[dock](https://justice.org.uk/in-the-dock/)" identification and, while not prohibited, it is recognized to have very little probative value. It has "particular frailties over and above the normal frailties attaching to identification evidence" and "adds little" (*R. v. Izzard* (1990), [54 CCC (3d) 252](https://canlii.ca/t/gd876), pp. 255-56 (Ont C.A.); *R. v. F.A.* (2004), [183 CCC (3d) 518, para. 47](https://canlii.ca/t/1grgd#par47) (Ont. C.A.)). | **[england-and-wales](/questions/tagged/england-and-wales "show questions tagged 'england-and-wales'")**
In a similar vein to the other answers for Commonwealth jurisdictions, a *Dock Identification* is possible but rarely allowed in the Crown Court. That said, a magistrates' court may consider using it for expediency for summary trials.
The [Crown Prosecution Service](https://www.cps.gov.uk/legal-guidance/identification) offers this:
>
> **Dock Identification**
>
>
> This term refers to the identification of the accused for the first time during the course of the trial itself, by a witness who has not previously named him or identified him by means of a Code D procedure.
>
>
> In view of the dangers posed by dock identification, the CPS and Attorney Generalβs Office have undertaken, in relation to offences on indictment, that:
>
>
> *βThe [prosecution] β¦ will not invite a witness to identity, who has not previously identified the accused at an identity parade, to make a dock identification unless the witness's attendance at a parade was unnecessary or impracticable, or there are exceptional circumstancesβ*
>
>
> As a result, **a judge will normally prohibit any such identification during a trial on indictment but different considerations may apply in minor summary offences.**
>
>
> |
87,748 | (Inspired by [Can a lawyer subject the court to a (temporary) ruse for a legitimate purpose?](https://law.stackexchange.com/questions/36934/can-a-lawyer-subject-the-court-to-a-temporary-ruse-for-a-legitimate-purpose))
Under which circumstances are witnesses asked to identify people present (in particular defendants) in the courtroom?
* In which jurisdictions is this a thing? (I know it happens in the US; what about the UK, etc?)
* Are there rules mandating it (either local court rules, statutes, or jurisprudence), or is it something the parties may choose to do or not? If the parties choose, why would they do or not do it? | 2023/01/02 | [
"https://law.stackexchange.com/questions/87748",
"https://law.stackexchange.com",
"https://law.stackexchange.com/users/47680/"
] | [canada](/questions/tagged/canada "show questions tagged 'canada'")[criminal-law](/questions/tagged/criminal-law "show questions tagged 'criminal-law'")
In Canada, this is called "in-[dock](https://justice.org.uk/in-the-dock/)" identification and, while not prohibited, it is recognized to have very little probative value. It has "particular frailties over and above the normal frailties attaching to identification evidence" and "adds little" (*R. v. Izzard* (1990), [54 CCC (3d) 252](https://canlii.ca/t/gd876), pp. 255-56 (Ont C.A.); *R. v. F.A.* (2004), [183 CCC (3d) 518, para. 47](https://canlii.ca/t/1grgd#par47) (Ont. C.A.)). | [new-south-wales](/questions/tagged/new-south-wales "show questions tagged 'new-south-wales'") [australia](/questions/tagged/australia "show questions tagged 'australia'")
**There are strict limits on *[visual identification evidence](https://www.judcom.nsw.gov.au/publications/benchbks/criminal/identification_evidence-visual_forms.html)***
This comes from Part 3.9 of the Evidence Act which is based on a uniform law across all states, territories, and the Commonwealth.
*Visual identification evidence* (including in-dock identification) is permitted only when it was part of a properly conducted police line-up, it was reasonable in the circumstances that there was no line-up, or where the defendant refused to participate in the line up after receiving legal advice.
Even when it is admissible, the judge must instruct the jury of its low probative value and advice them that they must consider such evidence cautiously before assigning it any weight.
Exceptions apply when the defendantβs identity is not an issue at trial, or when the defendant is previously well known to the witness. |
87,748 | (Inspired by [Can a lawyer subject the court to a (temporary) ruse for a legitimate purpose?](https://law.stackexchange.com/questions/36934/can-a-lawyer-subject-the-court-to-a-temporary-ruse-for-a-legitimate-purpose))
Under which circumstances are witnesses asked to identify people present (in particular defendants) in the courtroom?
* In which jurisdictions is this a thing? (I know it happens in the US; what about the UK, etc?)
* Are there rules mandating it (either local court rules, statutes, or jurisprudence), or is it something the parties may choose to do or not? If the parties choose, why would they do or not do it? | 2023/01/02 | [
"https://law.stackexchange.com/questions/87748",
"https://law.stackexchange.com",
"https://law.stackexchange.com/users/47680/"
] | [new-zealand](/questions/tagged/new-zealand "show questions tagged 'new-zealand'") [criminal-law](/questions/tagged/criminal-law "show questions tagged 'criminal-law'")
This is commonly referred to as "dock identification" and is governed by [s 45 of the Evidence Act 2006](https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2006/0069/latest/DLM393637.html) with further enunciation in [*Harney v Police* [2011] NZSC 107](https://forms.justice.govt.nz/search/Documents/pdf/jdo/86/alfresco/service/api/node/content/workspace/SpacesStore/e5b4349e-b1a6-4522-b27b-0c85c095bbea/e5b4349e-b1a6-4522-b27b-0c85c095bbea.pdf) at [26]β[28].
Basically, it is considered banned because visual identification has to be conducted according to a "formal procedure", and identification by witnesses in courtrooms falls well short of those formalities.
The only exception is when there is "a good reason for not following a formal procedure" β the scenarios (a)β(f) listed in s 45(4).
*Harney v Police* adds another "good reason" β in a nut shell it is when the defendant is well known to the witness:
>
> [26] We are satisfied that where the visual identification evidence
> takes the form of a recognition by the eyewitness of someone already
> known to the witness ... that can constitute a further good reason for
> not following a formal procedure. ... [T]he formal identification
> procedures in subs (3) are primarily directed towards identification
> of strangers and the risk factors differ with identifications of
> persons previously known to the witness. ...
>
>
> [27] It does not follow,
> of course, that merely because identification evidence takes the form
> of recognition of a person known to the defendant, that factor will
> necessarily provide a good reason for dispensing with a formal
> procedure. It will not do so unless the appearance of the alleged
> offender was sufficiently known to the witness before the time of the
> alleged offending that a formal procedure would be of no utility. ...
>
>
> [28] The sufficiency of the familiarity of the witness with the
> defendant's appearance and the utility of a formal procedure need to
> be gauged in the individual case. ... There can be, however, no
> formulaic requirement, such as that the defendant must have been
> "well" known to the witness. The degree of prior contact or knowledge
> of appearance, and its sufficiency, must be assessed in each case
> taking account of all the circumstances.
>
>
>
In practice, however, parties may have hard times trying to convince the judge that there is (or isn't) a "good reason" to allow dock identification. Given the vagueness of the above passages by the Supreme Court, the rationales for/against dock identification are hard to argue and so are easy to sway either way. | **[england-and-wales](/questions/tagged/england-and-wales "show questions tagged 'england-and-wales'")**
In a similar vein to the other answers for Commonwealth jurisdictions, a *Dock Identification* is possible but rarely allowed in the Crown Court. That said, a magistrates' court may consider using it for expediency for summary trials.
The [Crown Prosecution Service](https://www.cps.gov.uk/legal-guidance/identification) offers this:
>
> **Dock Identification**
>
>
> This term refers to the identification of the accused for the first time during the course of the trial itself, by a witness who has not previously named him or identified him by means of a Code D procedure.
>
>
> In view of the dangers posed by dock identification, the CPS and Attorney Generalβs Office have undertaken, in relation to offences on indictment, that:
>
>
> *βThe [prosecution] β¦ will not invite a witness to identity, who has not previously identified the accused at an identity parade, to make a dock identification unless the witness's attendance at a parade was unnecessary or impracticable, or there are exceptional circumstancesβ*
>
>
> As a result, **a judge will normally prohibit any such identification during a trial on indictment but different considerations may apply in minor summary offences.**
>
>
> |
87,748 | (Inspired by [Can a lawyer subject the court to a (temporary) ruse for a legitimate purpose?](https://law.stackexchange.com/questions/36934/can-a-lawyer-subject-the-court-to-a-temporary-ruse-for-a-legitimate-purpose))
Under which circumstances are witnesses asked to identify people present (in particular defendants) in the courtroom?
* In which jurisdictions is this a thing? (I know it happens in the US; what about the UK, etc?)
* Are there rules mandating it (either local court rules, statutes, or jurisprudence), or is it something the parties may choose to do or not? If the parties choose, why would they do or not do it? | 2023/01/02 | [
"https://law.stackexchange.com/questions/87748",
"https://law.stackexchange.com",
"https://law.stackexchange.com/users/47680/"
] | [new-zealand](/questions/tagged/new-zealand "show questions tagged 'new-zealand'") [criminal-law](/questions/tagged/criminal-law "show questions tagged 'criminal-law'")
This is commonly referred to as "dock identification" and is governed by [s 45 of the Evidence Act 2006](https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2006/0069/latest/DLM393637.html) with further enunciation in [*Harney v Police* [2011] NZSC 107](https://forms.justice.govt.nz/search/Documents/pdf/jdo/86/alfresco/service/api/node/content/workspace/SpacesStore/e5b4349e-b1a6-4522-b27b-0c85c095bbea/e5b4349e-b1a6-4522-b27b-0c85c095bbea.pdf) at [26]β[28].
Basically, it is considered banned because visual identification has to be conducted according to a "formal procedure", and identification by witnesses in courtrooms falls well short of those formalities.
The only exception is when there is "a good reason for not following a formal procedure" β the scenarios (a)β(f) listed in s 45(4).
*Harney v Police* adds another "good reason" β in a nut shell it is when the defendant is well known to the witness:
>
> [26] We are satisfied that where the visual identification evidence
> takes the form of a recognition by the eyewitness of someone already
> known to the witness ... that can constitute a further good reason for
> not following a formal procedure. ... [T]he formal identification
> procedures in subs (3) are primarily directed towards identification
> of strangers and the risk factors differ with identifications of
> persons previously known to the witness. ...
>
>
> [27] It does not follow,
> of course, that merely because identification evidence takes the form
> of recognition of a person known to the defendant, that factor will
> necessarily provide a good reason for dispensing with a formal
> procedure. It will not do so unless the appearance of the alleged
> offender was sufficiently known to the witness before the time of the
> alleged offending that a formal procedure would be of no utility. ...
>
>
> [28] The sufficiency of the familiarity of the witness with the
> defendant's appearance and the utility of a formal procedure need to
> be gauged in the individual case. ... There can be, however, no
> formulaic requirement, such as that the defendant must have been
> "well" known to the witness. The degree of prior contact or knowledge
> of appearance, and its sufficiency, must be assessed in each case
> taking account of all the circumstances.
>
>
>
In practice, however, parties may have hard times trying to convince the judge that there is (or isn't) a "good reason" to allow dock identification. Given the vagueness of the above passages by the Supreme Court, the rationales for/against dock identification are hard to argue and so are easy to sway either way. | [new-south-wales](/questions/tagged/new-south-wales "show questions tagged 'new-south-wales'") [australia](/questions/tagged/australia "show questions tagged 'australia'")
**There are strict limits on *[visual identification evidence](https://www.judcom.nsw.gov.au/publications/benchbks/criminal/identification_evidence-visual_forms.html)***
This comes from Part 3.9 of the Evidence Act which is based on a uniform law across all states, territories, and the Commonwealth.
*Visual identification evidence* (including in-dock identification) is permitted only when it was part of a properly conducted police line-up, it was reasonable in the circumstances that there was no line-up, or where the defendant refused to participate in the line up after receiving legal advice.
Even when it is admissible, the judge must instruct the jury of its low probative value and advice them that they must consider such evidence cautiously before assigning it any weight.
Exceptions apply when the defendantβs identity is not an issue at trial, or when the defendant is previously well known to the witness. |
98,232 | I am trying to install OpenSUSE 12.3 onto a (VirtualBox, on Windows) virtual machine. I have tried both the Net Install (-NET) and LiveCD (Gnome) installs. The installations proceed almost to completion, but then fail for a variety of reasons.
For the Net Install, it will install most of the way, then crash into the text mode fallback with the error message "an error occurred during the installation". For the LiveCD, it will freeze when it reaches the point of installing the bootloader.
I have tried scanning my disk for bad sectors or errors that would affect VirtualBox itself. I have also tried using a VirtualBox "fixed disk" rather than the "dynamic allocation".
What would cause this? | 2013/10/30 | [
"https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/98232",
"https://unix.stackexchange.com",
"https://unix.stackexchange.com/users/13308/"
] | For me, I realized that I was giving my Virtual Machine 600 MB of memory. I tried giving the Virtual Machine 800 MB, and the installation completed slowly, but successfully!
In short, try giving your Virtual Machine more memory. | You can also get a prepackaged virtual machine image customized how you like it from [SuseStudio](http://www.susestudio.com). You can tell it to give you an OVF build of the vm and it will auto provision the VirtualBox machine with the proper configuration.
If that is not an option, you can opt for a text only "server" installation and then install whatever desktop environment you desire after the installation completes. |
17,649 | This one is hard to explain, so I'll put the image first:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/8GEza.jpg)
As you can see (can also click to see full image) I have a nylon wrap with many crackers placed very tightly inside it. I opened the wrap from above, and want to keep the other sides of the wrap intact when taking out the first cracker, but for the life of me can't do that.
How can I extract the first cracker from the above wrapping, without tearing the whole wrapping? | 2017/10/25 | [
"https://lifehacks.stackexchange.com/questions/17649",
"https://lifehacks.stackexchange.com",
"https://lifehacks.stackexchange.com/users/1399/"
] | Flatbread is brittle and breaks easily as you already know.
The object of the packaging is to get the flatbread to you in good condition. If the packaging had enough space to allow you remove one piece undamaged, it would be loose enough for the pieces knock against each other in transit and break. Most likely, experience has shown "sacrifice" packaging is optimal insofar as the product is concerned.
Sacrifice packaging is bad news as far as you're concerned because it is engineered to preserve the product by "sacrificing" the container. You are working at cross-purposes with the manufacturer.
To make matters worse, Cellophane is used which is biodegradable but it becomes increasingly brittle as it ages.
β’ You could try to pull one from the centre with a pair of thin tweezers or tiny tongs while vibrating the package. The vibrations may allow you to slide the first one free.
β’ You could try to crack one slice into pieces with a knife. That might let you get the rest of the slices free remaining intact.
β’ You could try first pulling two-or-three at a time by gripping the edges and, if successful, replace the ones you don't want back into the package.
β’ You might have to bite the bullet (so to speak) and try carefully opening the package from the end and folding it closed afterward.
β’ Lastly, you may have little choice but to reuse the whole cardboard container to hold the rest of the torn package you are using day-to-day. Failing that, you might have to cave-in and go with another kind of reusable container. | Use a pair of scissors to make a clean cut instead of ripping/tearing. I keep a pair in the kitchen all the time. |
17,649 | This one is hard to explain, so I'll put the image first:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/8GEza.jpg)
As you can see (can also click to see full image) I have a nylon wrap with many crackers placed very tightly inside it. I opened the wrap from above, and want to keep the other sides of the wrap intact when taking out the first cracker, but for the life of me can't do that.
How can I extract the first cracker from the above wrapping, without tearing the whole wrapping? | 2017/10/25 | [
"https://lifehacks.stackexchange.com/questions/17649",
"https://lifehacks.stackexchange.com",
"https://lifehacks.stackexchange.com/users/1399/"
] | You aren't stuck with the nylon / cellophane of the packaging; you can reinforce it!
* Image 2: Apply adhesive (Scotch) tape around one end. That's shown as purple.
* Image 3: Cut the left, top, and right sides of that end of the package, to create a "door". (You might want to tape over the "door" too, to make it stronger and more tear-resistant.)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/E0ESf.png)
* Open the "door" to get out one cracker, then close the door back up. You could even add another short piece of tape at the top edge of the door to secure it to the band of tape around the package. | Use a pair of scissors to make a clean cut instead of ripping/tearing. I keep a pair in the kitchen all the time. |
28,455,861 | Many of the Material Design UIs if not all are dependent on drop shadows. But sadly the elevation attribute is only present on Lollipop devices. So how to create a single consistent UI for your application if something as simple as drop shadows is not available on pre lollipop build versions?
There are of course some workarounds such as creating two versions of each layout, using nine patch drawables, using CardView, etc. But they all have certain problems:
1. They require creating two versions of every layout, if you wan't to use the lollipop APIs as well for supported devices.
2. Hard to implement for custom views with different shapes.
3. Require separate drawables for every view, cluttering up the drawables folder.
4. The shadows are considered a part of the view itself, so side by side placed views with the same elevation require use of negative margins.
So what is the solution to creating Material Design UIs that work on both Lollipop as well as pre Lollipop devices? | 2015/02/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/28455861",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/3309681/"
] | It might not be the ideal solution, but for me using compatibility libraries for all Android versions works pretty well. I own a Galaxy S with Android Gingerbread, so it's really old and certainly doesn't support shadows and ripples. So I wrote a library backporting all things I needed. Rendering realtime shadows for arbitrary shapes is possible since Cupcake (or Froyo - I'm not sure). Ripples are very easy to implement. So it's like this:
1. One version of each layout
2. Supports any shape
3. No additional drawables
4. Shadows are drawn by layouts, not by shadow casters.
One of the problems is that there's no that new rendering thread, so for example the ripple animation lags when an Activity changes.
If you'd like to know more about my approach, check out my blog and github.
<https://androidreclib.wordpress.com/> <https://github.com/ZieIony/Carbon> | Make use of android support libraries
<http://developer.android.com/tools/support-library/features.html#v4-appcompat> |
55,415 | I am looking at building a online product catalog with SharePoint 2010. I have poked around but I cannot seem to find any information, at least with SP2010. Any pointers on where to start?
Many Thanks! | 2013/01/07 | [
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/questions/55415",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/users/10166/"
] | >
> I have poked around but I cannot seem to find any information, at
> least with SP2010. Any pointers on where to start?
>
>
>
The reason you couldn't find Product Catalog for SharePoint 2010 is because it has been introduced for SharePoint 2013 for first time, its not available in SharePoint 2010 so no wonder you couldn't find anything on Internet about it, however if you want to read about it for SharePoint 2013 then you should try this link.
[Product Catalog β You can think of this as almost a published list or library. Unlike content from SP2010 which was usually entered into pages via page layouts, we are just talking about fields that get filled out β just data pretty much. Creating this first piece is going to be the subject of this post.](http://johnrossjr.wordpress.com/2012/07/31/sharepoint-2013-wcm-and-search-go-together-like-peanut-butter-and-jelly/)
Hope it helps. | Please look at this question and my answer it contains everything that you would want for your catalog :) plus more!
[Shopping Cart application on SharePoint 2010?](https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/questions/53018/shopping-cart-application-on-sharepoint-2010/53023#53023)
hope it helps! |
384 | Does anyone know what the difference between the 3 main types of publishing in Sitecore are?
I have the option to do a republish, incremental publish and a smart publish
My understanding is that a republish will publish everything but I don't understand the incremental or smart options | 2016/10/04 | [
"https://sitecore.stackexchange.com/questions/384",
"https://sitecore.stackexchange.com",
"https://sitecore.stackexchange.com/users/445/"
] | The different publish types define how Sitecore will evaluate which items to move from the master database into the destination publishing target (typically web).
Republish will publish every single item from the source db into the destination db without any checks on whether the item in the source db matches items in the destination db.
Smart publish will scan each item in the source db and compare the items in the destination db, if the version in master is newer then it will publish the items.
Incremental publishes are based on entries stored in the publish queue and history db table. Whenever items are updated via e.g. editors in the content editor it will add an entry into the history table. An incremental publish then uses this data to decide which items to include in its publish operation. | This might help understand it.
<https://sitecorebasics.wordpress.com/2011/05/22/basics-of-sitecore-publishing-modes/>
Cheers,
D |
384 | Does anyone know what the difference between the 3 main types of publishing in Sitecore are?
I have the option to do a republish, incremental publish and a smart publish
My understanding is that a republish will publish everything but I don't understand the incremental or smart options | 2016/10/04 | [
"https://sitecore.stackexchange.com/questions/384",
"https://sitecore.stackexchange.com",
"https://sitecore.stackexchange.com/users/445/"
] | * Incremental Publish : publishes only items that are in the publishing queue. Every time you change an item, the item is automatically added to the publishing queue. If the changed item is part of a workflow, the item is added to the publishing queue when it reaches the final workflow state.
Incremental Publish is the fastest way of publishing because Sitecore does not use resources to compare versions of the items that are in the publishing queue before publishing them.
* Smart Publish : publishes all items that have changed since the last publication. When you run a Smart publish, every item in the Master database is compared with the equivalent item in the target database and, if an item has changed, it is published
Comparing all items in the database makes this a time-consuming way of publishing your entire website, particularly if the content tree contains many items.
* Republish : publishes everything. Republish overwrites every item in the target database with the equivalent item from the Master database, even if it has not changed. In this way, republishing removes all obsolete versions from the target database. You can use republishing to bring a new web database online, to restore a backup of the master database, and to add a new content language, a new publishing target, or other system items to the website.
More info (screenshots) here: <https://doc.sitecore.net/sitecore_experience_platform/80/content_authoring/publishing/publish_a_website> | This might help understand it.
<https://sitecorebasics.wordpress.com/2011/05/22/basics-of-sitecore-publishing-modes/>
Cheers,
D |
384 | Does anyone know what the difference between the 3 main types of publishing in Sitecore are?
I have the option to do a republish, incremental publish and a smart publish
My understanding is that a republish will publish everything but I don't understand the incremental or smart options | 2016/10/04 | [
"https://sitecore.stackexchange.com/questions/384",
"https://sitecore.stackexchange.com",
"https://sitecore.stackexchange.com/users/445/"
] | The different publish types define how Sitecore will evaluate which items to move from the master database into the destination publishing target (typically web).
Republish will publish every single item from the source db into the destination db without any checks on whether the item in the source db matches items in the destination db.
Smart publish will scan each item in the source db and compare the items in the destination db, if the version in master is newer then it will publish the items.
Incremental publishes are based on entries stored in the publish queue and history db table. Whenever items are updated via e.g. editors in the content editor it will add an entry into the history table. An incremental publish then uses this data to decide which items to include in its publish operation. | This one maybe could help
<http://www.kewlcodes.com/posts/1149/sitecore-publishing-queue-and-smart-vs-incremental-publish>
Cheers,
D |
384 | Does anyone know what the difference between the 3 main types of publishing in Sitecore are?
I have the option to do a republish, incremental publish and a smart publish
My understanding is that a republish will publish everything but I don't understand the incremental or smart options | 2016/10/04 | [
"https://sitecore.stackexchange.com/questions/384",
"https://sitecore.stackexchange.com",
"https://sitecore.stackexchange.com/users/445/"
] | * Incremental Publish : publishes only items that are in the publishing queue. Every time you change an item, the item is automatically added to the publishing queue. If the changed item is part of a workflow, the item is added to the publishing queue when it reaches the final workflow state.
Incremental Publish is the fastest way of publishing because Sitecore does not use resources to compare versions of the items that are in the publishing queue before publishing them.
* Smart Publish : publishes all items that have changed since the last publication. When you run a Smart publish, every item in the Master database is compared with the equivalent item in the target database and, if an item has changed, it is published
Comparing all items in the database makes this a time-consuming way of publishing your entire website, particularly if the content tree contains many items.
* Republish : publishes everything. Republish overwrites every item in the target database with the equivalent item from the Master database, even if it has not changed. In this way, republishing removes all obsolete versions from the target database. You can use republishing to bring a new web database online, to restore a backup of the master database, and to add a new content language, a new publishing target, or other system items to the website.
More info (screenshots) here: <https://doc.sitecore.net/sitecore_experience_platform/80/content_authoring/publishing/publish_a_website> | This one maybe could help
<http://www.kewlcodes.com/posts/1149/sitecore-publishing-queue-and-smart-vs-incremental-publish>
Cheers,
D |
595,840 | **The situation**
I have a AD7689 ADC whose voltage input is 0 - 4.096 V. The max. voltage of the measured signal is around 10V, and it never goes below 0.5 V. I'm using a resistor divider, followed by a LMV324 in a voltage follower config to drive the ADC as shown below.
**My Question:**
In previous applications, I've simply put a 100k pull down at the input pin of the ADC, so when there's an open circuit the ADC will read 0V and this will trigger some routine in software.
Will R3 still work in the circuit below as the default value when an open circuit is detected, or should I put such pull down resistor before the resistor divider?
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/y6RE2.png) | 2021/11/19 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/595840",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/272574/"
] | No op-amp needed. All you need is 2 resistors:
[simulate this circuit](/plugins/schematics?image=http%3a%2f%2fi.stack.imgur.com%2fQjr8a.png) β Schematic created using [CircuitLab](https://www.circuitlab.com/)
R3 protects your input from excessive voltage. | Not the answer are looking for, but:
[simulate this circuit](/plugins/schematics?image=http%3a%2f%2fi.stack.imgur.com%2fj2yif.png) β Schematic created using [CircuitLab](https://www.circuitlab.com/)
You should put a limiting resistor to protecct the ADC input from overvoltage, if opamp supply is higher than ADC supply (Don't quite understand what standard value is 4.75V as in your schematics). The capacitor is optional if you want to implement a low pass filter, which you should need it as anti-alias filter. Diodes are built in GPIO.
If the input of the voltage divider is floating, then the output of opamp is the lowest possible voltage that this opamp can output - few milivolts if it's a rail to rail. |
212,103 | A couple of weeks ago Chrome started producing unusably garbled graphics for me, under OS X Yosemite 10.10.5.
It's perhaps easier to show than to tell. For instance, Gmail looks like this:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/GI7Cl.png)
...seems like it may be some sort of interlacing glitch, as if I adjust the window size I can get vaguely coherent things to display, such as:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/mdXmf.png)
I haven't changed any settings in Chrome; the issue seemed to appear at random. Neither rebooting the computer nor restarting Chrome makes any difference. Other browsers (Safari, Firefox) work fine, as does every other app on the machine. The problem seems to be specific to Chrome.
Is there anything I can do to get Chrome usable again?
Edit - My chrome version is:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/mZvKY.png)
I'm pretty sure that says "46.0.2490.71". | 2015/10/22 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/212103",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/43276/"
] | I believe this was related to Chrome's hardware video acceleration feature, and has been fixed. I had the [same issue](http://displaylink.org/forum/showthread.php?p=78820#post78820) with an external monitor attached to a USB DisplayLink adapter. After updating to Chrome 46.0.2490.80, the bug [(#527556)](https://code.google.com/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=527556) was resolved. | I've seen this too on 2 of my systems. Went away by itself not sure how or why, maybe a Chrome update. |
225,831 | Sorry if this is a very basic question, but I am not a physicist, but this is something that has always intrigued me.
I have read that the properties of a black hole are its mass, spin and angular momentum. And that lower/higher the mass, higher/lower its density and so on. Although singularities are described by mathematical models, it's hard (at least for me) to believe that a singularity actually exists in the middle of space in every black hole. So why is it that singularities are actually hypothesized? Can the extremely dense nature etc. of black holes not explain its properties with a finite volume?
Also, whenever black holes are visualized in animations etc., it's always an event horizon and the observer still keeps falling through what looks like empty space. What is the significance (and the location) of the mass of the black hole itself, then, ignoring the mass it accumulates/radiates throughout its lifetime? | 2015/12/25 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/225831",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/100556/"
] | The singularity is not a physically established fact but a prediction of a classical field theory (that's what general relativity is). Such predictions are usually seen as a sign that a theory breaks down in a certain regime or on a certain scale and that it has to be replaced with a better theory.
Unfortunately for us, no measurement has been made to date that contradicts general relativity, so we simply do not even have a slight hint of evidence of what to replace it with. We can speculate about what happens near the singularity predicted by general relativity and have done so plenty, but there is, at this time, simply nothing available that could tell us which of these speculative solutions is the correct one, or if we need something completely different that nobody has guessed, yet.
As for beliefs... that's not how science works, so there is no need to garner any. Science starts with empirical evidence and then compares it with hypothetical explanations. The explanation that fits the evidence best is eventually elevated to the rank of a theory. As of now we simply do not have a good theory of what is "inside" a black hole. "We don't know" is therefor the correct and perfectly adequate scientific answer. We think we understand what general relativity predicts to be in there... and that's called a singularity (and it's not even a point like object if I understand some of these predictions correctly). I doubt that, figuratively speaking, more than a handful of physicists think that's the entire story, though. | It might be worth looking at this in the context of a simpler theory of gravity - Newtons; there it is said that the gravitational attraction between two particles is inversely proportional to the square of their radial separation.
Thus the closer they are, the stronger the attraction; so what happens when they get infinitely close? We have a singularity ...
Singularities tend to signify that there is a breakdown of some kind in our theories of reality.
Here it is easily fixed: particles cannot get infinitely close to each other - they are charged so at as certain point repulsion kicks in; another possibility is that extensionless particles are not possible - so strings; which resolves some of the infinities in a perturbation expansion ie Feynman diagrams.
The point then, is that somehow one has to resolve the singularity in a black hole; this will most probably be part of a full theory of QG - an ongoing project.
Both String theory and Quantum Loop Gravity, apparently have a 'microscopic' picture of black holes; this conjecturally explains black hole entropy - macroscopic datum - found by semi-classical means, by a detailed picture in the small; this then, suggestively resolves the singularity.
But given the traditional conception of physics as an empirical science; the conjectural status of both these theories of QG - it can hardly be said to be entirely conclusive; but it is certainly suggestive. |
225,831 | Sorry if this is a very basic question, but I am not a physicist, but this is something that has always intrigued me.
I have read that the properties of a black hole are its mass, spin and angular momentum. And that lower/higher the mass, higher/lower its density and so on. Although singularities are described by mathematical models, it's hard (at least for me) to believe that a singularity actually exists in the middle of space in every black hole. So why is it that singularities are actually hypothesized? Can the extremely dense nature etc. of black holes not explain its properties with a finite volume?
Also, whenever black holes are visualized in animations etc., it's always an event horizon and the observer still keeps falling through what looks like empty space. What is the significance (and the location) of the mass of the black hole itself, then, ignoring the mass it accumulates/radiates throughout its lifetime? | 2015/12/25 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/225831",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/100556/"
] | The singularity is not a physically established fact but a prediction of a classical field theory (that's what general relativity is). Such predictions are usually seen as a sign that a theory breaks down in a certain regime or on a certain scale and that it has to be replaced with a better theory.
Unfortunately for us, no measurement has been made to date that contradicts general relativity, so we simply do not even have a slight hint of evidence of what to replace it with. We can speculate about what happens near the singularity predicted by general relativity and have done so plenty, but there is, at this time, simply nothing available that could tell us which of these speculative solutions is the correct one, or if we need something completely different that nobody has guessed, yet.
As for beliefs... that's not how science works, so there is no need to garner any. Science starts with empirical evidence and then compares it with hypothetical explanations. The explanation that fits the evidence best is eventually elevated to the rank of a theory. As of now we simply do not have a good theory of what is "inside" a black hole. "We don't know" is therefor the correct and perfectly adequate scientific answer. We think we understand what general relativity predicts to be in there... and that's called a singularity (and it's not even a point like object if I understand some of these predictions correctly). I doubt that, figuratively speaking, more than a handful of physicists think that's the entire story, though. | The other answers have done a good job of covering the fact that we don't know if singularities actually physically exist, they might represent a breakdown of our theory, etc.
Here's another point which I think is worth making. Within the theoretical and mathematical framework of general relativity, singularities are *guaranteed* by the singularity theorems of Hawking and Penrose. Roughly, these theorems require the following things to hold:
-The spacetime you're working with satisfies certain energy conditions (we can use very weak ones to prove the singularity theorems, they're pretty physical and not very stringent).
-The spacetime satisfies certain global causality conditions (essentially guaranteeing no closed timelike curves allow time travel to the past).
-There exists a surface in the spacetime from which we could emit light and it could not escape to infinity (a formal way of testing that our spacetime contains a black hole).
If these things hold, the theorems guarantee that a singularity exists! So *within the context of general relativity*, singularities are inevitable. This was not obvious at first, and people worried that the high symmetry of our exact black hole models, and that maybe realistic black hole collapses might not have singularities. The singularity theorems well us that this is not an out. Very symmetric models do not explain away singularities, the conditions for the theorems to hold are very flexible.
Now, this guarantee requires that general relativity be a final theory which won't fail in the sort of regimes where singularities form. We think general relativity will probably have to be modified into a full theory of quantum gravity to make real predictions inside black holes, but general relativity taken literally requires singularities. It gives us reason to suspect that even if singularities don't survive in the full theory, they almost do in the sense that there will be extremely dense regions in the interiors of black holes. |
225,831 | Sorry if this is a very basic question, but I am not a physicist, but this is something that has always intrigued me.
I have read that the properties of a black hole are its mass, spin and angular momentum. And that lower/higher the mass, higher/lower its density and so on. Although singularities are described by mathematical models, it's hard (at least for me) to believe that a singularity actually exists in the middle of space in every black hole. So why is it that singularities are actually hypothesized? Can the extremely dense nature etc. of black holes not explain its properties with a finite volume?
Also, whenever black holes are visualized in animations etc., it's always an event horizon and the observer still keeps falling through what looks like empty space. What is the significance (and the location) of the mass of the black hole itself, then, ignoring the mass it accumulates/radiates throughout its lifetime? | 2015/12/25 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/225831",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/100556/"
] | It might be worth looking at this in the context of a simpler theory of gravity - Newtons; there it is said that the gravitational attraction between two particles is inversely proportional to the square of their radial separation.
Thus the closer they are, the stronger the attraction; so what happens when they get infinitely close? We have a singularity ...
Singularities tend to signify that there is a breakdown of some kind in our theories of reality.
Here it is easily fixed: particles cannot get infinitely close to each other - they are charged so at as certain point repulsion kicks in; another possibility is that extensionless particles are not possible - so strings; which resolves some of the infinities in a perturbation expansion ie Feynman diagrams.
The point then, is that somehow one has to resolve the singularity in a black hole; this will most probably be part of a full theory of QG - an ongoing project.
Both String theory and Quantum Loop Gravity, apparently have a 'microscopic' picture of black holes; this conjecturally explains black hole entropy - macroscopic datum - found by semi-classical means, by a detailed picture in the small; this then, suggestively resolves the singularity.
But given the traditional conception of physics as an empirical science; the conjectural status of both these theories of QG - it can hardly be said to be entirely conclusive; but it is certainly suggestive. | The other answers have done a good job of covering the fact that we don't know if singularities actually physically exist, they might represent a breakdown of our theory, etc.
Here's another point which I think is worth making. Within the theoretical and mathematical framework of general relativity, singularities are *guaranteed* by the singularity theorems of Hawking and Penrose. Roughly, these theorems require the following things to hold:
-The spacetime you're working with satisfies certain energy conditions (we can use very weak ones to prove the singularity theorems, they're pretty physical and not very stringent).
-The spacetime satisfies certain global causality conditions (essentially guaranteeing no closed timelike curves allow time travel to the past).
-There exists a surface in the spacetime from which we could emit light and it could not escape to infinity (a formal way of testing that our spacetime contains a black hole).
If these things hold, the theorems guarantee that a singularity exists! So *within the context of general relativity*, singularities are inevitable. This was not obvious at first, and people worried that the high symmetry of our exact black hole models, and that maybe realistic black hole collapses might not have singularities. The singularity theorems well us that this is not an out. Very symmetric models do not explain away singularities, the conditions for the theorems to hold are very flexible.
Now, this guarantee requires that general relativity be a final theory which won't fail in the sort of regimes where singularities form. We think general relativity will probably have to be modified into a full theory of quantum gravity to make real predictions inside black holes, but general relativity taken literally requires singularities. It gives us reason to suspect that even if singularities don't survive in the full theory, they almost do in the sense that there will be extremely dense regions in the interiors of black holes. |
156,013 | When I plug in a external USB drive and want to check its S.M.A.R.T. status in Disk Utility (palimpsest) I cannot because the option is greyed out. Is there an option somewhere to enable this feature? It works fine for internal IDE/SATA drives.
I know the USB drive supports S.M.A.R.T. because I can use smartmontools and front end GSmartControl to get the information, but I'd rather not have to use use it since palimpsest is already installed by default.
Thanks | 2012/06/26 | [
"https://askubuntu.com/questions/156013",
"https://askubuntu.com",
"https://askubuntu.com/users/22401/"
] | ### You cannot. It's a known bug. They're not going to fix it anytime soon.
See [here](https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gnome-disk-utility/+bug/743927). The bug is confirmed, set to low importance, not assigned to any developer and has no ETA for a fix.
I guess they're comfortable with people using `smartctl`/GSmartControl for SMART on USB drives... | This is a three-year old question, but for posterity I wanted to point out that the bug was apparently fixed by 2012-10-16 in Ubuntu 12.10:
<https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gnome-disk-utility/+bug/743927/comments/6> |
328,046 | Let me clarify. My machine had Ubuntu 12.04.2 LTS. Well it crashed and now I'm burning the 32-bit version (yes I'm sure my machine is 32-bit) of 13.04 iso onto my flash drive, using a windows vista computer.
When I plug in my drive into my ubuntu computer and hit the power button, what do I do? Is there a secret key I need to push on boot-up for the option to boot from a usb drive?
Thanks, S | 2013/08/03 | [
"https://askubuntu.com/questions/328046",
"https://askubuntu.com",
"https://askubuntu.com/users/180891/"
] | Assuming your using gnome desktop. The applet crashed and cant recover. I had a similar problem with Zorin 6 (based on Ubuntu 12.04). To fix this I right
* clicked on the menu bar and select dock preference
* Then select applets
* Find your menu applet here (for me it was title "yet another menu applet") and should be near the bottom
* Now you can place a working menu app where the old menu app was (drag and drop)
* and you can remove the dead menu app from the bar.
If this doesn't work just comment on the answer and I can try to get a more specific answer. | To start, can you post your /var/log/syslog to see if awn-menu-applet is reporting any errors. Next, have you attempted running sudo awn-menu-applet or its corresponding command to attempt to reinitialize in the terminal? If these produce no fruits then I'm out of any beneficial ideas. |
7,481 | [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/wqyuS.png)
I'm wondering why the above image is named 5-ethyl-3,3-dimethylheptane rather than 3-ethyl-5,5-dimethylheptane. I thought an ethyl substituent has a higher priority (I know this is true when arranging the final name, but what about numbering the parent chain)? | 2013/12/22 | [
"https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/7481",
"https://chemistry.stackexchange.com",
"https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/users/4015/"
] | The process for naming *this* molecule correctly follows the steps listed here:
1. Identify the parent hydrocarbon, which will be the one with the longest chain. It is correctly identified as the 7-carbon chain, and as such is a derivative of heptane.
2. Identify the side-chain functional groups. We have 2 methyl groups and an ethyl group. When listing them, they will be **written alphabetically**. So, we have:
X-ethyl-Y,Y-dimethylheptane and not Y,Y-dimethyl-X-ethylheptane
3. Numbering (which is what you are asking about) is determined by numbering the carbon atoms consecutively from the end of the chain nearer the functional group of the highest priority. In terms of molecule **numbering**, alkane groups have the **same functional group priority**. We would only need to consider relative priorities of the ethyl and methyl groups if there was *only one* methyl substituent, in which case you would have *3-ethyl-5-methylheptane*.
In our case, the process is to count in from the ends of the primary chain. Here, the first substituents occur at an equal distance from each end of the chain, both the ethyl and the methyl occur at position 3. We now need to invoke one of the IUPAC sub-rules for [nomenclature](http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/). ***If the first substituents occur at an equal distance from each end of the chain, we need to number from the end nearer a second substituent.*** The second substituent is the extra methyl group, and so this is the end that gains numbering priority.
There are many nice examples of nomenclature on the internet. One very good example, which highlights your question is [this page](http://padakshep.org/otp/subjects/chemistry/organic-chemistry/alkanes-nomenclature/). Have a look at Rule 2 and sub-rule 2 | That molecule would be 5-Ethyl-3,3-dimethylheptane based on the first point of difference rule. Starting from the left side of the parent chain, you will have a substituent at the 3,3,5 positions while on the right, you'll have your substituent on the 3,5,5 positions. 3,3,5 is lower than 3,5,5 so it should be the priority in naming the compound.
cite: <http://www.chemrtp.com/chemical-info.ce?ID=FLLHBJKGZIOYAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N>
It is also important to take note that the two substituent (ethyl and methyl) have the same priority when considering functional groups. When alkanes are in equivalent positions, the first point rule overtakes. However, if a double bond is present in the molecule, the double bond gets the priority. This will hold unless the double bond is present in the parent chain and not as a substituent. |
99,039 | There is something i am not sure to understand on bitcoin private/public keys and addresses.
A new bitcoin user "U" first generates a private key.
He can compute several public keys from this private key.
When he wants to receive bitcoins, the user should generate an address. I do not understand if this address is a public key or if it is 2 different things.
If my "U" user should receive bitcoin from 10 different people, he can generate a single common address for this 10 peoples but they will be able to see "U" balance, and see that he receives 10 transactions.
The solution is to generate 10 different addresses. With this solution, each sender will only see its own transaction and won't see the 9 others. I am wrong ?
So, to shortcut, can we say "U" generates 10 "virtual accounts", linked to its private key ?
If so, i do not understand how "U" can computes its own balance: Is there a way for him to recover all public/address he generates from its private key ? Or should user keep all the addresses he generates in a file ?
Thanks | 2020/09/15 | [
"https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/99039",
"https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com",
"https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/users/97892/"
] | A modern Bitcoin wallet program can generate many private-keys, each private-key has a public-key. For the most common transaction types, a Bitcoin-address is derived from the public-key.
As you say it is normal to generate a new address (i.e. a new set of keys) for each transaction. This is because all the transaction data is public knowledge - it is in the replicated journal of transactions we call the blockchain. Anyone can see all transactions for a specific address, so if ten people each pay you 1 BTC to the same address, they can all see that you have received 10 BTC in total at that address. This is a privacy concern. If the addresses are all different, they can't tell which belong to the same person.
In the Bitcoin network there are no accounts, no virtual accounts and no balances.
A wallet can read through the whole transaction journal and add up all the unspent amounts in transactions where the receiving address is one for which the wallet knows it has the corresponding private-key. That way it can present a total amount to the user. People refer to this total as a balance but that's misleading. The Bitcoin network does not keep a record of people's balances. The Bitcoin network does not know how much money anyone has in total. The US Mint does not know how many US one-cent coins I have sitting in a plastic bag on my shelf, it doesn't keep track of my balance or have an account in my name.
The terminology for Bitcoin is a bit muddled. Bitcoin was designed as digital cash. Accounts and balances are associated with banks, not with piles of dollar bills under your mattress or in your leather wallet. If you were talking about cash in the form of paper money and metal coins you wouldn't think about accounts and balances. You'd just want to know the total amount of money you have in paper banknotes and metal coins.
Modern wallets are what is called Hierarchical Deterministic (HD) wallets. From the initial private key (or seed phrase) it is possible to generate all the subsidiary keys and addresses in a predictable and repeatable way. You don't need to make a backup of each generated key and generated address. | >
> A new bitcoin user "U" first generates a private key. He can compute several public keys from this private key.
>
>
>
The kind of private key you are referring to is an extended private key which is described in the Bitcoin Improvement Proposal 0032 (BIP32) or, like RedGrittyBrick explained, what powers HD wallets.
An extended private key contains only one "regular" private key in them, and can generate directly only one extended public key.
However, these extended private keys contain also some other information that makes it possible for them to generate other vast amount of **child** extended private keys that also contain "regular" private keys, and these child extended private keys can have their own vast amount of child extended private keys, and this can go on and on.
>
> When he wants to receive bitcoins, the user should generate an address. I do not understand if this address is a public key or if it is 2 different things.
>
>
>
They are 2 different things. There are also different type of addresses, but excluding the multi-signature kind of addresses, they are all computed by encoding the hash of the public key. So an address **is not** a public key, but it is derived from it (P2PKH, P2WPKH). The type of address lets you know what kind of Bitcoin technology you are using to lock the BTCs.
>
> If my "U" user should receive bitcoin from 10 different people, he can generate a single common address for this 10 peoples but they will be able to see "U" balance, and see that he receives 10 transactions. The solution is to generate 10 different addresses. With this solution, each sender will only see its own transaction and won't see the 9 others. I am wrong ?
>
>
>
This is exactly why BIP32 was proposed. An extended private key is also referred as a master private key which can generate all the child keys necessary to ensure privacy. Since you can generate with the master key an infinite amount of private keys, and therefore public keys, then you can generate an infinite amount of addresses.
>
> So, to shortcut, can we say "U" generates 10 "virtual accounts", linked to its private key ?
>
>
>
Yes, but remember that they would be linked to the **master**/**extended** private key. Each address has its own private key, and the private key is generated by the master key.
>
> If so, i do not understand how "U" can computes its own balance: Is there a way for him to recover all public/address he generates from its private key ? Or should user keep all the addresses he generates in a file ?
>
>
>
I think RedGrittyBrick does an amazing job at explaining why we shouldn't use the term "balance" or "virtual account", etc. But, I guess your question is how can you know how many BTCs you have access to with your master private key, right? well that is the job of the wallet. A wallet must be able to store or generate the addresses that you have used, and then scan the blockchain for Unspent Transaction Outputs (UTXOs) or in other words, unspent Bitcoins that related to those addresses. Then, The wallet adds up all these BTCs to present you with this single final amount that some people wrongly call "balance". |
3,326,911 | How toturn .h file +dll into some kind of .Net wrapper? or something like that? (no C\C++ sources just h files) | 2010/07/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3326911",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/434051/"
] | If you look at the documentation for [QDesktopServices::openUrl()](http://doc.trolltech.com/4.6/qdesktopservices.html#openUrl) you will see that:
>
> If a mailto URL is specified, the
> user's e-mail client will be used to
> open a composer window containing the
> options specified in the URL, similar
> to the way mailto links are handled by
> a Web browser.
>
>
>
So using [QDesktopServices::openUrl()](http://doc.trolltech.com/4.6/qdesktopservices.html#openUrl) you should be able to open both the *default navigator* and *default mail client*.
I assume you want to open these applications and not just find out what they are. | On Windows this kind of stuff can be recovered directly from the registry (regedit).
Search the web to find out the specific registry paths, like [this](http://www.ehow.com/how_6325458_configure-browser-using-regedit-xp.html). |
3,326,911 | How toturn .h file +dll into some kind of .Net wrapper? or something like that? (no C\C++ sources just h files) | 2010/07/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3326911",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/434051/"
] | On Windows this kind of stuff can be recovered directly from the registry (regedit).
Search the web to find out the specific registry paths, like [this](http://www.ehow.com/how_6325458_configure-browser-using-regedit-xp.html). | According to Microsoft you should not use the registry directly.
See : <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/cc144154(v=vs.85).aspx> |
3,326,911 | How toturn .h file +dll into some kind of .Net wrapper? or something like that? (no C\C++ sources just h files) | 2010/07/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3326911",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/434051/"
] | If you look at the documentation for [QDesktopServices::openUrl()](http://doc.trolltech.com/4.6/qdesktopservices.html#openUrl) you will see that:
>
> If a mailto URL is specified, the
> user's e-mail client will be used to
> open a composer window containing the
> options specified in the URL, similar
> to the way mailto links are handled by
> a Web browser.
>
>
>
So using [QDesktopServices::openUrl()](http://doc.trolltech.com/4.6/qdesktopservices.html#openUrl) you should be able to open both the *default navigator* and *default mail client*.
I assume you want to open these applications and not just find out what they are. | According to Microsoft you should not use the registry directly.
See : <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/cc144154(v=vs.85).aspx> |
7,799,753 | Editing my nib for a document-based Cocoa application, I see that when I have a window or panel selected, Xcode lets me set its βinitial positionβ:
This is separate from the window's Frame, which is above it, so what is this?
What uses the βinitial positionβ, and what do the two pop-up menus and their possible values mean?
When I run my app and my document creates the NSWindowController for this nib (the second of two), the window appears cascaded from the main document window, rather than at the initial position. Is this because my app is document-based (i.e., the βInitial Positionβ would be used by a window not owned by a document), or is there some other reason? | 2011/10/17 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/7799753",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/30461/"
] | The initial position is the position in the screen where the window will appear, by default. And the popups control how this position is altered if the user's screen size is different than yours.
Imagine the screen is a giant NSView, and your window is positioned within it. Initial position is the frame origin, and the popups are your autoresizing mask. | I just changed the initial position to 0, 0 it fixed the issue right away. It seems it wants it to start on the lower left corner. I played around with other settings, adjusting the width and height properties.
<http://prntscr.com/8unin6> |
38,709 | Translating 2 Samuel 1:18 seems to be a very difficult task. Could anyone please lay a helping hand?
A very accurate solution seems to be:
>
> **NET**: He gave instructions that the people of Judah should be taught ***βThe Bow.β*** Indeed, it is written down in the Book of Yashar.
>
>
>
That would be something like a song, a canticle, "The Bow". Just like in:
>
> **ASV**: and he bade them teach the children of Judah ***the song of the bow***: behold, it is written in the book of Jashar ...
>
>
>
In other versions there is "***the lament of the bow***"(see **NIV**), which is more or less the same idea.
Yet there is so different here:
>
> **ISV**... he gave orders to teach the descendants of Judah ***the art of warfare***, as is recorded in the Book of Jashar
>
>
>
The **ISV** is apparently more like an interpetation of the Hebrew, according to Rashi's:
>
> **Rashi on II Samuel 1:18** - He said, "To teach the Bnei Yehudah ***archery***. David said, "Now that mighty among Yisroel have fallen, the Bnei Yehudah need to be taught how to make war and how to pull
> back a bow.
>
>
>
Very similar in the KJV:
>
> **KJV**: Also he bade them teach the children of Judah ***the use of the bow***: behold, it is written in the book of Jasher.
>
>
>
YET, there are quite a few versions, in which the bow is gone. Lost in translation? See:
>
> **ESV**: And David lamented with this lamentation over Saul and Jonathan his son, and he said it should be taught to the people of
> Judah; behold, it is written in the Book of Jashar (2 Samuel 1:17-18)
>
>
>
Most likely, these no bow versions are taking into account the LXX, where there is no bow:
>
> **LXX**: ΞΊΞ±α½Ά Ξ΅αΌΆΟΡν ΟΞΏαΏ¦ διδάξαι ΟΞΏα½ΊΟ Ο
αΌ±ΞΏα½ΊΟ ΞΞΏΟ
δα ἰδοὺ Ξ³ΞΞ³ΟΞ±ΟΟΞ±ΞΉ αΌΟα½Ά βιβλίοΟ
ΟΞΏαΏ¦ Ξ΅α½ΞΈΞΏαΏ¦Ο ...
>
>
>
So, I was wondering what's up here? We have 3 very different translations:
1. it is about a song called "the bow" (from the Hebrew)
2. it is about the art of using the bow (from the Hebrew)
3. there is no bow at all (from the Greek)
From 1 / 2 - which one would be closer to the Hebrew text?
And is it possible that the authors of the LXX have overlooked the bow because of the ambiguity of the Hebrew text?
Or perhaps they used different Hebrew versions of the text with no bow? | 2019/02/01 | [
"https://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com/questions/38709",
"https://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com",
"https://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com/users/22406/"
] | The ESV most likely follows the version of the LXX in which the word *bow* is missing from the text. In this version there are no problems with the text, it is smooth and well ordered.
The ISV and Rashi's interpretation on the other hand I think are hardly defensible: Why would the text tell us now that David taught the Israelites archery? It interrupts the flow of the lament and doesn't follow any logical or natural order. If Rashi were correct in his translation, v18 (archery) would've preceded v17 which introduces the lament of David; why would the text first introduce the lament in v17 only to distract the reader with a marginal, tangential note about David teaching the people archery. Take a look at the text yourself!
>
> 17Then David took up this lament for Saul and his son Jonathan, *18and he
> ordered that the sons of Judah be taught archery. It is
> written in the Book of Jashar* 19βYour glory, O Israel, lies slain on your heights. How the mighty have fallen!
>
>
>
As you can see, v18 (which I have italicized) is completely out of order and makes these verses awkward and unreadable.
If we must accept the word *bow* as part of the original text then the interpretation of the ASV and NIV is most likely. It is the "song/lament of the bow" that David taught to them. Indeed it is understandable why the author inserted this verse as part of the introduction to this lament.
>
> The E. V. cannot be right in inserting βthe use of,β for the bow was a
> weapon already in common use. **If the text is sound, βthe Bowβ must be
> a title given to Davidβs elegy from the mention of Jonathanβs bow in 2
> Samuel 1:22.** (Cambridge Bible Commentary)
>
>
> | The greater context I think sheds some light on the passage.
**2 Samuel 1:17-22, NKJV**
>
> Then David lamented with this lamentation over Saul and over Jonathan his son, and he told them to teach the children of Judah the Song of the Bow; indeed it is written in the Book of Jasher:
>
>
> βThe beauty of Israel is slain on your high places!
>
> How the mighty have fallen!
>
> Tell it not in Gath,
>
> Proclaim it not in the streets of Ashkelonβ
>
> Lest the daughters of the Philistines rejoice,
>
> Lest the daughters of the uncircumcised triumph.
>
>
> βO mountains of Gilboa,
>
> Let there be no dew nor rain upon you,
>
> Nor fields of offerings.
>
> For the shield of the mighty is cast away there!
>
> The shield of Saul, not anointed with oil.
>
> From the blood of the slain,
>
> From the fat of the mighty,
>
> **The bow of Jonathan did not turn back,**
>
> **And the sword of Saul did not return empty.**
>
>
>
This isn't the full hymn, but we know that David was quite the psalmist. The emboldened print is in a sense the climax of the hymn, and it highlights the same concept that Jesus spoke of when He said,
>
> Put your sword in its place, for all who take the sword will perish by the sword. **Matthew 26:52**
>
>
>
And thus, it seems reasonable that the KJV and NKJV hav it correct that "The Song of the Bow" is the title given to this hymn written by David, which was apparently also recorded in the book of Jasher (no longer extant). The hymn speaks of the woe of warfare, and the consequences of taking up arms.
When it comes to the differences seen in most modern translations, and with the critical text which we call the Septuagint, the culprit can be pinned down as the Greek texts from which they are derived. The same few select manuscripts responsible for the majority of modern translations are also behind the LXX, as is stated [in the Wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septuagint):
>
> Modern critical editions of the Septuagint are based on the Codices Vaticanus, Sinaiticus, and Alexandrinus.
>
>
>
These texts are well known for having a lot of missing materials and changes from the majority represented by the Byzantine family of manuscripts.
[This article](https://amazingdiscoveries.org/Spring-2009-BIble-Versions-Veith) does a fair job at introducing manuscript history for more information. For further inquiry, I recommend the book "Our Authorized Bible Vindicated" by Benjamin G. Wilkinson, which is an extremely thorough and in-depth look at the history of the Bible, its sources, and the work of some since the days of Origen to develop a "new," *adjusted* text which is more appropriate for an ecumenical audience (reflected in the Alexandrian, Sinaiticus, and Vaticanus manuscripts). |
23,197 | What is right view regarding rebirth according to the Buddha? Is it:
* a) Rebirth stops after breakup of physical body for all even if
craving is not eradicated
* b) Rebirth continues eternally after
breakup of physical body for all even if craving is eradicated
* c)
Rebirth stops after breakup of physical body if craving is eradicated. Rebirth continues after
breakup of physical body if craving is not eradicated.
* d) Other?
If possible, please provide sutta references. | 2017/10/10 | [
"https://buddhism.stackexchange.com/questions/23197",
"https://buddhism.stackexchange.com",
"https://buddhism.stackexchange.com/users/5000/"
] | Householders, what if just taking [A Safe Bet](http://zugangzureinsicht.org/html/tipitaka/mn/mn.060.than_en.html)? | * a) False
* b) False
* c) The cause of rebirth is eliminated while one lives when one attains Arahanthship. Hence rebirth does not occur after break up of the body.
* d) For those who haven't eliminated craving, rebirth occurs only at the break up of the body. Keep in mind that the usage of the word 'rebirth' in Buddhism does not imply a soul.
* e) Buddhists usually do not get confused even if you use the word 'death' instead of "break up of the body". |
23,197 | What is right view regarding rebirth according to the Buddha? Is it:
* a) Rebirth stops after breakup of physical body for all even if
craving is not eradicated
* b) Rebirth continues eternally after
breakup of physical body for all even if craving is eradicated
* c)
Rebirth stops after breakup of physical body if craving is eradicated. Rebirth continues after
breakup of physical body if craving is not eradicated.
* d) Other?
If possible, please provide sutta references. | 2017/10/10 | [
"https://buddhism.stackexchange.com/questions/23197",
"https://buddhism.stackexchange.com",
"https://buddhism.stackexchange.com/users/5000/"
] | * a) False
* b) False
* c) The cause of rebirth is eliminated while one lives when one attains Arahanthship. Hence rebirth does not occur after break up of the body.
* d) For those who haven't eliminated craving, rebirth occurs only at the break up of the body. Keep in mind that the usage of the word 'rebirth' in Buddhism does not imply a soul.
* e) Buddhists usually do not get confused even if you use the word 'death' instead of "break up of the body". | The right view regarding 'rebirth' (upapannΔ) according to the Buddha is:
a) Reappearance (upapannΔ) continues after breakup of the **kaya** (group; collection) for all if craving is not eradicated
b) Reappearance (upapannΔ) does not continue eternally at the breakup of the kaya if craving is eradicated because the end of craving is The Deathless.
c) Reappearance (upapannΔ) stops at the breakup of the kaya if craving is eradicated. Reappearance (upapannΔ) continues after breakup of the kaya if craving is not eradicated.
The word 'kaya' does not mean 'physical body'. The physical body is called 'rupa'. The 'kaya' means the 'collection' of the five aggregates. It is best to not misrepresent or slander the Buddha.
If the word 'death' ('marana') referred to physical death then it would not be a wrong view to say the Buddha ceases to exist after death. But, in Buddhism, it is wrong view to say a Buddha does not exist after death (marana) because a Buddha does not experience 'death'.
>
> *Friend Yamaka, do not speak thus. Do not misrepresent the Blessed One. It is not good to misrepresent the Blessed One. The Blessed One
> would not speak thus: βA bhikkhu whose taints are destroyed is
> annihilated and perishes with the breakup of the body and does not
> exist after death.β SN 22.85*
>
>
>
>
> ---
>
>
> *Dhammapada 21. Heedfulness is the path to the Deathless. Heedlessness is the path to death. The heedful die not. The heedless are as if dead
> already.*
>
>
> |
23,197 | What is right view regarding rebirth according to the Buddha? Is it:
* a) Rebirth stops after breakup of physical body for all even if
craving is not eradicated
* b) Rebirth continues eternally after
breakup of physical body for all even if craving is eradicated
* c)
Rebirth stops after breakup of physical body if craving is eradicated. Rebirth continues after
breakup of physical body if craving is not eradicated.
* d) Other?
If possible, please provide sutta references. | 2017/10/10 | [
"https://buddhism.stackexchange.com/questions/23197",
"https://buddhism.stackexchange.com",
"https://buddhism.stackexchange.com/users/5000/"
] | Householders, what if just taking [A Safe Bet](http://zugangzureinsicht.org/html/tipitaka/mn/mn.060.than_en.html)? | C. <http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/sn/sn12/sn12.002.than.html>
"Now from the remainderless fading & cessation of that:
1. **very ignorance (past-defilement/past-cause) comes the cessation of fabrications (past-kamma-becoming/past-cause).**
2. **From the cessation of fabrications comes the cessation of consciousness (present-birth/present appearance of consciousness-aggregate/present suffering/present-effect).** [mano pubbaαΉ
gamΔ dhammΔ]
3. From the cessation of consciousness comes the cessation of
name-&-form (present-birth/present appearance of form-aggregate & feeling-aggregate & perception-aggregate & fabrication-aggregate/present-suffering/present-effect).
4. From the cessation of name-&-form comes the cessation of the six
sense media (present-suffering/present-effect).
5. From the cessation of the six sense media comes the cessation of
contact (present-suffering/present-effect).
6. From the cessation of contact comes the cessation of feeling (present-suffering/present-effect).
7. From the cessation of feeling comes the cessation of craving (present-defilement/present-cause).
8. **From the cessation of craving comes the cessation of
clinging/sustenance (present-defilement/present-cause).**
9. **From the cessation of clinging/sustenance comes the cessation of
becoming (present-kamma-becoming/present-fabrications/present-cause).**
10. **From the cessation of becoming comes the cessation of birth (future-birth/future-upatti-becoming/future-effect).**
11. From the cessation of birth, then aging & death, sorrow,
lamentation, pain, distress, & despair all cease (future-effect).
Such is the cessation of this entire mass of stress & suffering." |
23,197 | What is right view regarding rebirth according to the Buddha? Is it:
* a) Rebirth stops after breakup of physical body for all even if
craving is not eradicated
* b) Rebirth continues eternally after
breakup of physical body for all even if craving is eradicated
* c)
Rebirth stops after breakup of physical body if craving is eradicated. Rebirth continues after
breakup of physical body if craving is not eradicated.
* d) Other?
If possible, please provide sutta references. | 2017/10/10 | [
"https://buddhism.stackexchange.com/questions/23197",
"https://buddhism.stackexchange.com",
"https://buddhism.stackexchange.com/users/5000/"
] | Householders, what if just taking [A Safe Bet](http://zugangzureinsicht.org/html/tipitaka/mn/mn.060.than_en.html)? | The right view regarding 'rebirth' (upapannΔ) according to the Buddha is:
a) Reappearance (upapannΔ) continues after breakup of the **kaya** (group; collection) for all if craving is not eradicated
b) Reappearance (upapannΔ) does not continue eternally at the breakup of the kaya if craving is eradicated because the end of craving is The Deathless.
c) Reappearance (upapannΔ) stops at the breakup of the kaya if craving is eradicated. Reappearance (upapannΔ) continues after breakup of the kaya if craving is not eradicated.
The word 'kaya' does not mean 'physical body'. The physical body is called 'rupa'. The 'kaya' means the 'collection' of the five aggregates. It is best to not misrepresent or slander the Buddha.
If the word 'death' ('marana') referred to physical death then it would not be a wrong view to say the Buddha ceases to exist after death. But, in Buddhism, it is wrong view to say a Buddha does not exist after death (marana) because a Buddha does not experience 'death'.
>
> *Friend Yamaka, do not speak thus. Do not misrepresent the Blessed One. It is not good to misrepresent the Blessed One. The Blessed One
> would not speak thus: βA bhikkhu whose taints are destroyed is
> annihilated and perishes with the breakup of the body and does not
> exist after death.β SN 22.85*
>
>
>
>
> ---
>
>
> *Dhammapada 21. Heedfulness is the path to the Deathless. Heedlessness is the path to death. The heedful die not. The heedless are as if dead
> already.*
>
>
> |
23,197 | What is right view regarding rebirth according to the Buddha? Is it:
* a) Rebirth stops after breakup of physical body for all even if
craving is not eradicated
* b) Rebirth continues eternally after
breakup of physical body for all even if craving is eradicated
* c)
Rebirth stops after breakup of physical body if craving is eradicated. Rebirth continues after
breakup of physical body if craving is not eradicated.
* d) Other?
If possible, please provide sutta references. | 2017/10/10 | [
"https://buddhism.stackexchange.com/questions/23197",
"https://buddhism.stackexchange.com",
"https://buddhism.stackexchange.com/users/5000/"
] | C. <http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/sn/sn12/sn12.002.than.html>
"Now from the remainderless fading & cessation of that:
1. **very ignorance (past-defilement/past-cause) comes the cessation of fabrications (past-kamma-becoming/past-cause).**
2. **From the cessation of fabrications comes the cessation of consciousness (present-birth/present appearance of consciousness-aggregate/present suffering/present-effect).** [mano pubbaαΉ
gamΔ dhammΔ]
3. From the cessation of consciousness comes the cessation of
name-&-form (present-birth/present appearance of form-aggregate & feeling-aggregate & perception-aggregate & fabrication-aggregate/present-suffering/present-effect).
4. From the cessation of name-&-form comes the cessation of the six
sense media (present-suffering/present-effect).
5. From the cessation of the six sense media comes the cessation of
contact (present-suffering/present-effect).
6. From the cessation of contact comes the cessation of feeling (present-suffering/present-effect).
7. From the cessation of feeling comes the cessation of craving (present-defilement/present-cause).
8. **From the cessation of craving comes the cessation of
clinging/sustenance (present-defilement/present-cause).**
9. **From the cessation of clinging/sustenance comes the cessation of
becoming (present-kamma-becoming/present-fabrications/present-cause).**
10. **From the cessation of becoming comes the cessation of birth (future-birth/future-upatti-becoming/future-effect).**
11. From the cessation of birth, then aging & death, sorrow,
lamentation, pain, distress, & despair all cease (future-effect).
Such is the cessation of this entire mass of stress & suffering." | The right view regarding 'rebirth' (upapannΔ) according to the Buddha is:
a) Reappearance (upapannΔ) continues after breakup of the **kaya** (group; collection) for all if craving is not eradicated
b) Reappearance (upapannΔ) does not continue eternally at the breakup of the kaya if craving is eradicated because the end of craving is The Deathless.
c) Reappearance (upapannΔ) stops at the breakup of the kaya if craving is eradicated. Reappearance (upapannΔ) continues after breakup of the kaya if craving is not eradicated.
The word 'kaya' does not mean 'physical body'. The physical body is called 'rupa'. The 'kaya' means the 'collection' of the five aggregates. It is best to not misrepresent or slander the Buddha.
If the word 'death' ('marana') referred to physical death then it would not be a wrong view to say the Buddha ceases to exist after death. But, in Buddhism, it is wrong view to say a Buddha does not exist after death (marana) because a Buddha does not experience 'death'.
>
> *Friend Yamaka, do not speak thus. Do not misrepresent the Blessed One. It is not good to misrepresent the Blessed One. The Blessed One
> would not speak thus: βA bhikkhu whose taints are destroyed is
> annihilated and perishes with the breakup of the body and does not
> exist after death.β SN 22.85*
>
>
>
>
> ---
>
>
> *Dhammapada 21. Heedfulness is the path to the Deathless. Heedlessness is the path to death. The heedful die not. The heedless are as if dead
> already.*
>
>
> |
50,076 | I keep reading about joining a small start-up, keeping it up until it grows and then reaping the rewards.
However, the way I see it is that investors and shareholders will be reaping the rewards, while overworked employees will get a promotion at best, and they could have gotten that promotion in many other companies. Some make millions, some make 10K more per year.
Shouldn't "reaping the rewards" include seeing your equity/shares become much more valuable? If so, should one join a start-up only when equity is written in the contract? | 2015/07/24 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/50076",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | There are plenty of benefits to joining a startup without equity.
1. Rapid promotion
2. Experience doing more things and having more responsibility and ability to set direction than you would at a larger shop
3. Exposure to startup people, both in your company and funders, for your next startup
None of these will make you a millionaire, however. If you want to "cash in," then yes, you want equity and you want it in writing.
I have plenty of friends that worked for one startup or another, and even if they were "there early," when the founders sell and cash out, you don't get a handout out of the goodness of their heart - you get nothing, if you have no clear equity agreement.
So while there are reasons to work for a startup even if you don't get equity, if you are specifically looking for the cash-out part of that life, then you absolutely need a formal equity agreement - though even then, I've seen buyouts that manage to somehow screw minority equity holders, so it's no ironclad guarantee. As a deleted user mentions in his answer here, making sure you have a percentage or otherwise legally-enforceable non-dilutable claim is the only way to ensure you win. | If it is a competitve salary doing work you enjoy then why not.
How can you assume will be overworked?
What is wrong with promotions? If a small company grows there are more opportunities for promotions.
And some investors make nothing. If the start up fails you get to keep your salary.
By that logic should you take corporate job without shares?
In another question you complain about lots of politics and manager taking credit for your ideas. A small start up is not likely to have those problems.
The stated question is take a job without equity. And the answer is simple. If the job, salary, and benefits is competitive then why not? You are not getting equity at a large company. Evaluate the offer for what it is.
A start up is not necessarily a sweat shop. It may be well funded and they already have the core competency and you are just a valued well paid employee.
If they need your skills to develop the core competency then yes they are going to offer shares.
If they offer a lower salary and shares then you have to compare that to another a higher offer with no shares. |
50,076 | I keep reading about joining a small start-up, keeping it up until it grows and then reaping the rewards.
However, the way I see it is that investors and shareholders will be reaping the rewards, while overworked employees will get a promotion at best, and they could have gotten that promotion in many other companies. Some make millions, some make 10K more per year.
Shouldn't "reaping the rewards" include seeing your equity/shares become much more valuable? If so, should one join a start-up only when equity is written in the contract? | 2015/07/24 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/50076",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | There are plenty of benefits to joining a startup without equity.
1. Rapid promotion
2. Experience doing more things and having more responsibility and ability to set direction than you would at a larger shop
3. Exposure to startup people, both in your company and funders, for your next startup
None of these will make you a millionaire, however. If you want to "cash in," then yes, you want equity and you want it in writing.
I have plenty of friends that worked for one startup or another, and even if they were "there early," when the founders sell and cash out, you don't get a handout out of the goodness of their heart - you get nothing, if you have no clear equity agreement.
So while there are reasons to work for a startup even if you don't get equity, if you are specifically looking for the cash-out part of that life, then you absolutely need a formal equity agreement - though even then, I've seen buyouts that manage to somehow screw minority equity holders, so it's no ironclad guarantee. As a deleted user mentions in his answer here, making sure you have a percentage or otherwise legally-enforceable non-dilutable claim is the only way to ensure you win. | >
> Shouldn't "reaping the rewards" include seeing your equity/shares
> become much more valuable? If so, should one join a start-up only when
> equity is written in the contract?
>
>
>
If your only goal is reaping rewards, then you probably should avoid startups - without regard to the equity being offered. I worked at a several startups, most of which never paid significant financial rewards. If you are talented, you may be able to accrue far more predictable rewards at a larger company.
That said, I would never trade my years at startups for big-company jobs. I was able to learn things far more rapidly, to advance very quickly, to work with extremely smart people, and to feel that my efforts made a difference - far more often than I ever did in larger corporations.
At startups my years, my contacts, my learnings, my professional network - all of these were valuable to me in ways that never happened at big companies. At several startups I got to do things I never imagined I would have a chance to try, and I never imagined I was capable of. For me, the hard work at startups never seemed like a burden, and always made the work day fly by.
If you want to work at a startup, everything else being equal, then an equity position can give you a possibility of a bigger reward. But remember, it's only a possibility. Startups are often shooting stars - burning brightly but often very briefly. There's no guarantee you will be in for a significant reward (if any). |
50,076 | I keep reading about joining a small start-up, keeping it up until it grows and then reaping the rewards.
However, the way I see it is that investors and shareholders will be reaping the rewards, while overworked employees will get a promotion at best, and they could have gotten that promotion in many other companies. Some make millions, some make 10K more per year.
Shouldn't "reaping the rewards" include seeing your equity/shares become much more valuable? If so, should one join a start-up only when equity is written in the contract? | 2015/07/24 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/50076",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | There are plenty of benefits to joining a startup without equity.
1. Rapid promotion
2. Experience doing more things and having more responsibility and ability to set direction than you would at a larger shop
3. Exposure to startup people, both in your company and funders, for your next startup
None of these will make you a millionaire, however. If you want to "cash in," then yes, you want equity and you want it in writing.
I have plenty of friends that worked for one startup or another, and even if they were "there early," when the founders sell and cash out, you don't get a handout out of the goodness of their heart - you get nothing, if you have no clear equity agreement.
So while there are reasons to work for a startup even if you don't get equity, if you are specifically looking for the cash-out part of that life, then you absolutely need a formal equity agreement - though even then, I've seen buyouts that manage to somehow screw minority equity holders, so it's no ironclad guarantee. As a deleted user mentions in his answer here, making sure you have a percentage or otherwise legally-enforceable non-dilutable claim is the only way to ensure you win. | First, just equity isn't something you should look at ever - you need a 'percentage' of the company, not just equity. Equity can be diluted which companies do all the time to get a lot of free work from employees 'hoping for a payout' - it's called 'The Golden Chains', this is what happened to the co-owner of facebook. Say FB started at 100 shares total, Mark and his partner would each of had 50 shares which if it stayed at that amount each share would be worth billions today. However, Mark tricked his partner in signing off his 'percentage' and he was just on equity so Mark raised the total shares to like 4 million and kept half of those meaning his partner had 50 shares and he had 2 million thus making his partners shares worthless.
Point is, don't trust equity unless it's a percentage of total equity created - companies trick people all the time by saying 'here is 20,000 shares for 0.001c a share in the company' and people think it looks incredibly good so they take it, are willing and get worked to the bone also while being convinced into signing something like a Non-Compete that locks them from progressing, or excelling or growing in their field and dependent on their job. Then the company adds say another 2 billion shares in which they keep all of it and you literally get maybe 0.00001c a share, are stuck in the job and dependent on them because you can't work for someone else you've built your skills in, all while keeping your salary low because of your dependence on them.
I mainly suggest that whenever a Non-Competent agreement comes in front of you you pass it up, then you are always able to negotiate more and never put your life in someone elses hands that isn't you. |
39,034 | So, we bought some hardware for one of our aging servers.
And, for whatever reason that utterly baffles me, the driver files do not exist on the included CD. Instead, they exist in floppy disk image files on the CD, which first must be written to a floppy disk, from which you then copy the files. Unfortunately, every floppy disk we have is corrupt due to age. So I need a way to extract the files from that image.
Please note that the reason we don't just replace the server entirely (which is definitely due) is because *that* is not in the budget right now.
EDIT: the disk image is in UFS format apparently. Windows programs will not work! | 2009/07/10 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/39034",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/10118/"
] | [WinImage](http://www.winimage.com/) can extract/insert files into images. It's not free, but there's a 30 day trial that'll be enough for one off usage. | I would try [UFS Explorer](http://www.soft3k.com/UFS-Explorer-p12225.htm) in Windows, especially if it is a UFS image. Even if it isn't free to do what you need, I would think that for the meager payment to the developers your work will be much faster. |
39,034 | So, we bought some hardware for one of our aging servers.
And, for whatever reason that utterly baffles me, the driver files do not exist on the included CD. Instead, they exist in floppy disk image files on the CD, which first must be written to a floppy disk, from which you then copy the files. Unfortunately, every floppy disk we have is corrupt due to age. So I need a way to extract the files from that image.
Please note that the reason we don't just replace the server entirely (which is definitely due) is because *that* is not in the budget right now.
EDIT: the disk image is in UFS format apparently. Windows programs will not work! | 2009/07/10 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/39034",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/10118/"
] | Have you looked at [WinImage](http://winimage.com/download.htm "WinImage")
Reasons:
* Free
* 64 bit support
* Does not install a service
* Can make bootable drives from other drives
* Make physical drives into virtual and vice versa | I would try [UFS Explorer](http://www.soft3k.com/UFS-Explorer-p12225.htm) in Windows, especially if it is a UFS image. Even if it isn't free to do what you need, I would think that for the meager payment to the developers your work will be much faster. |
39,034 | So, we bought some hardware for one of our aging servers.
And, for whatever reason that utterly baffles me, the driver files do not exist on the included CD. Instead, they exist in floppy disk image files on the CD, which first must be written to a floppy disk, from which you then copy the files. Unfortunately, every floppy disk we have is corrupt due to age. So I need a way to extract the files from that image.
Please note that the reason we don't just replace the server entirely (which is definitely due) is because *that* is not in the budget right now.
EDIT: the disk image is in UFS format apparently. Windows programs will not work! | 2009/07/10 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/39034",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/10118/"
] | Try using [Virtual Floppy Drive](http://chitchat.at.infoseek.co.jp/vmware/vfd.html) to virtually mount the floppy image. Then you should be able to access it.
EDIT: Considering the UFS file, you have the capabilities to do this in a linux/unix environment using loop devices. I found some instructions on this in [the BOCHS user manual](http://bochs.sourceforge.net/doc/docbook/user/loop-device-usage.html) and here is the [losetup man page](http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/cgi-bin/manpage?8+losetup) for Unix. Good luck, and I hope that helps. | I've seen these utilities suggested on other sites as possible solutions:
* [FFS File System Driver for Windows](http://ffsdrv.sourceforge.net/index.php)
* [ufs2tools](http://ufs2tools.sourceforge.net/) |
39,034 | So, we bought some hardware for one of our aging servers.
And, for whatever reason that utterly baffles me, the driver files do not exist on the included CD. Instead, they exist in floppy disk image files on the CD, which first must be written to a floppy disk, from which you then copy the files. Unfortunately, every floppy disk we have is corrupt due to age. So I need a way to extract the files from that image.
Please note that the reason we don't just replace the server entirely (which is definitely due) is because *that* is not in the budget right now.
EDIT: the disk image is in UFS format apparently. Windows programs will not work! | 2009/07/10 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/39034",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/10118/"
] | [WinImage](http://www.winimage.com/) can extract/insert files into images. It's not free, but there's a 30 day trial that'll be enough for one off usage. | Sounds like OS/2 Warp 4. So I would google there first and see how they do it. |
39,034 | So, we bought some hardware for one of our aging servers.
And, for whatever reason that utterly baffles me, the driver files do not exist on the included CD. Instead, they exist in floppy disk image files on the CD, which first must be written to a floppy disk, from which you then copy the files. Unfortunately, every floppy disk we have is corrupt due to age. So I need a way to extract the files from that image.
Please note that the reason we don't just replace the server entirely (which is definitely due) is because *that* is not in the budget right now.
EDIT: the disk image is in UFS format apparently. Windows programs will not work! | 2009/07/10 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/39034",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/10118/"
] | Have you looked at [WinImage](http://winimage.com/download.htm "WinImage")
Reasons:
* Free
* 64 bit support
* Does not install a service
* Can make bootable drives from other drives
* Make physical drives into virtual and vice versa | I've seen these utilities suggested on other sites as possible solutions:
* [FFS File System Driver for Windows](http://ffsdrv.sourceforge.net/index.php)
* [ufs2tools](http://ufs2tools.sourceforge.net/) |
39,034 | So, we bought some hardware for one of our aging servers.
And, for whatever reason that utterly baffles me, the driver files do not exist on the included CD. Instead, they exist in floppy disk image files on the CD, which first must be written to a floppy disk, from which you then copy the files. Unfortunately, every floppy disk we have is corrupt due to age. So I need a way to extract the files from that image.
Please note that the reason we don't just replace the server entirely (which is definitely due) is because *that* is not in the budget right now.
EDIT: the disk image is in UFS format apparently. Windows programs will not work! | 2009/07/10 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/39034",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/10118/"
] | Try using [Virtual Floppy Drive](http://chitchat.at.infoseek.co.jp/vmware/vfd.html) to virtually mount the floppy image. Then you should be able to access it.
EDIT: Considering the UFS file, you have the capabilities to do this in a linux/unix environment using loop devices. I found some instructions on this in [the BOCHS user manual](http://bochs.sourceforge.net/doc/docbook/user/loop-device-usage.html) and here is the [losetup man page](http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/cgi-bin/manpage?8+losetup) for Unix. Good luck, and I hope that helps. | [WinImage](http://www.winimage.com/) can extract/insert files into images. It's not free, but there's a 30 day trial that'll be enough for one off usage. |
39,034 | So, we bought some hardware for one of our aging servers.
And, for whatever reason that utterly baffles me, the driver files do not exist on the included CD. Instead, they exist in floppy disk image files on the CD, which first must be written to a floppy disk, from which you then copy the files. Unfortunately, every floppy disk we have is corrupt due to age. So I need a way to extract the files from that image.
Please note that the reason we don't just replace the server entirely (which is definitely due) is because *that* is not in the budget right now.
EDIT: the disk image is in UFS format apparently. Windows programs will not work! | 2009/07/10 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/39034",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/10118/"
] | Try using [Virtual Floppy Drive](http://chitchat.at.infoseek.co.jp/vmware/vfd.html) to virtually mount the floppy image. Then you should be able to access it.
EDIT: Considering the UFS file, you have the capabilities to do this in a linux/unix environment using loop devices. I found some instructions on this in [the BOCHS user manual](http://bochs.sourceforge.net/doc/docbook/user/loop-device-usage.html) and here is the [losetup man page](http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/cgi-bin/manpage?8+losetup) for Unix. Good luck, and I hope that helps. | Sounds like OS/2 Warp 4. So I would google there first and see how they do it. |
144,135 | So I gonna make a USB bootable drive of Hexxeh's ChromiumOS Flow. I want this to be able to boot into it on my school computer. The computers use Novel network and each student gets their own login.
Can I use my USB drive to boot into ChromiumOS from the schools computer? I don't need to access the files on my Novel Login.
So can I even do this? | 2010/05/22 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/144135",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/38008/"
] | ~~Well, it shouldn't matter TOO much, but using two similar strips of RAM would be recommended.~~
Just found you the Toshiba Qosmio G25-AV513 has a maximum support of 2 GB of ram so I would recommend buying two 1 GB strips or just use one 2 GB. | You need to have single stick or matched pairs of memory. Which you need will depend on the system and some systems can take either.
If the system can take either it doesn't really matter whether you buy two 1GB or one 2GB stick - assuming that the specs are roughly the same.
Putting the 512MB in with a 2GB stick probably won't work.
However, double check your system specs on the Toshiba site to verify which you need to buy. |
144,135 | So I gonna make a USB bootable drive of Hexxeh's ChromiumOS Flow. I want this to be able to boot into it on my school computer. The computers use Novel network and each student gets their own login.
Can I use my USB drive to boot into ChromiumOS from the schools computer? I don't need to access the files on my Novel Login.
So can I even do this? | 2010/05/22 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/144135",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/38008/"
] | ~~Well, it shouldn't matter TOO much, but using two similar strips of RAM would be recommended.~~
Just found you the Toshiba Qosmio G25-AV513 has a maximum support of 2 GB of ram so I would recommend buying two 1 GB strips or just use one 2 GB. | DDR2 modules must be used in matched pairs in modern systems. |
144,135 | So I gonna make a USB bootable drive of Hexxeh's ChromiumOS Flow. I want this to be able to boot into it on my school computer. The computers use Novel network and each student gets their own login.
Can I use my USB drive to boot into ChromiumOS from the schools computer? I don't need to access the files on my Novel Login.
So can I even do this? | 2010/05/22 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/144135",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/38008/"
] | You need to have single stick or matched pairs of memory. Which you need will depend on the system and some systems can take either.
If the system can take either it doesn't really matter whether you buy two 1GB or one 2GB stick - assuming that the specs are roughly the same.
Putting the 512MB in with a 2GB stick probably won't work.
However, double check your system specs on the Toshiba site to verify which you need to buy. | DDR2 modules must be used in matched pairs in modern systems. |
245,519 | I'd like to delete a game off of an iOS device but I would prefer to not lose my progress in case I want to return. Is there any way of checking whether the game/app puts the game save either in iCloud or another external service? | 2016/07/10 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/245519",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/21351/"
] | You can see a list of apps using iCloud storage from the Settings β iCloud β Storage β Manage Storage menu. But even if your app is listed, there's no way of checking exactly what data is saved. | If you back up the iDevice via iCloud, the game data will be saved there. You can also use iExplorer on a Mac or Windows machine.
This tutorial will show you how: <http://www.pocket-lint.com/news/132888-how-to-transfer-app-and-game-data-between-ios-devices> |
181,609 | I really enjoy minecraft. So I downloaded the pocket edition. But when I go into my inventory, there is no craft button. Is there a way to fix this? | 2014/08/20 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/181609",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/85787/"
] | They have recently changed the inventory screen on Minecraft PE, the new screen looks like this, and runs using various tabs shown on the left.
You just need to click the bookshelf and it will open the crafting menu.
For reference the old screen looked like this.
 | The 3 dote beside the hot bar (quick select). Then push the bookshelf button. |
104,825 | I need to move a large file from one laptop to another. Can I just join the two machines with an ethernet cable and create a shared folder on my desktop or is it more complicated than that?
**Update**
Windows versions - one laptop has XP the other is Vista
File Size - approx 10G | 2010/02/04 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/104825",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/10220/"
] | I'd rather use a portable media device like a USB HDD or USB key. You can also create a network share and then, transfer your files. It's quite easy.
Start - run: \\IP-or-computername\"Shared"
And then, paste your files. | You'd need a special kind of ethernet cable called a "crossover" cable. Far easier to borrow a hub, or use a USB stick to transfer :) |
104,825 | I need to move a large file from one laptop to another. Can I just join the two machines with an ethernet cable and create a shared folder on my desktop or is it more complicated than that?
**Update**
Windows versions - one laptop has XP the other is Vista
File Size - approx 10G | 2010/02/04 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/104825",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/10220/"
] | When copying large files do NOT use windows explorer. Start a command prompt and use the copy/xcopy command. | You'd need a special kind of ethernet cable called a "crossover" cable. Far easier to borrow a hub, or use a USB stick to transfer :) |
104,825 | I need to move a large file from one laptop to another. Can I just join the two machines with an ethernet cable and create a shared folder on my desktop or is it more complicated than that?
**Update**
Windows versions - one laptop has XP the other is Vista
File Size - approx 10G | 2010/02/04 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/104825",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/10220/"
] | Modern ethernet cards will do the crossover for you, so there's no need for a "special cable". Just connect to the two machines, set an IP for them and transfer files. | You'd need a special kind of ethernet cable called a "crossover" cable. Far easier to borrow a hub, or use a USB stick to transfer :) |
104,825 | I need to move a large file from one laptop to another. Can I just join the two machines with an ethernet cable and create a shared folder on my desktop or is it more complicated than that?
**Update**
Windows versions - one laptop has XP the other is Vista
File Size - approx 10G | 2010/02/04 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/104825",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/10220/"
] | I'd rather use a portable media device like a USB HDD or USB key. You can also create a network share and then, transfer your files. It's quite easy.
Start - run: \\IP-or-computername\"Shared"
And then, paste your files. | When copying large files do NOT use windows explorer. Start a command prompt and use the copy/xcopy command. |
104,825 | I need to move a large file from one laptop to another. Can I just join the two machines with an ethernet cable and create a shared folder on my desktop or is it more complicated than that?
**Update**
Windows versions - one laptop has XP the other is Vista
File Size - approx 10G | 2010/02/04 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/104825",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/10220/"
] | Modern ethernet cards will do the crossover for you, so there's no need for a "special cable". Just connect to the two machines, set an IP for them and transfer files. | I'd rather use a portable media device like a USB HDD or USB key. You can also create a network share and then, transfer your files. It's quite easy.
Start - run: \\IP-or-computername\"Shared"
And then, paste your files. |
104,825 | I need to move a large file from one laptop to another. Can I just join the two machines with an ethernet cable and create a shared folder on my desktop or is it more complicated than that?
**Update**
Windows versions - one laptop has XP the other is Vista
File Size - approx 10G | 2010/02/04 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/104825",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/10220/"
] | Modern ethernet cards will do the crossover for you, so there's no need for a "special cable". Just connect to the two machines, set an IP for them and transfer files. | When copying large files do NOT use windows explorer. Start a command prompt and use the copy/xcopy command. |
8 | Tor can only handle TCP connections, but DNS is a UDP protocol. How does Tor route DNS requests over its TCP based network? Why can the same approach not be used to route all UDP traffic over Tor? | 2013/09/25 | [
"https://tor.stackexchange.com/questions/8",
"https://tor.stackexchange.com",
"https://tor.stackexchange.com/users/15/"
] | Tor clients do not, in general, directly do DNS requests. When you open a connection through the tor network you usually ask your client (on its socks ports) to connect you to a hostname and port, say www.example.com:80.
Your tor client, once it has created a circuit, will send that hostname and port to the exit node in its [RELAY\_BEGIN cell](https://gitweb.torproject.org/torspec.git/tree/tor-spec.txt?id=f9e111ead769d48441d99b52039ef0ccbd3f2c62#n1311).
The exit node will then do a DNS resolve and open a TCP connection to the target. Once that's established it will tell your client that the connection is open, and for informational purposes will also tell your client what address that hostname resolved to.
Tor, in addition to that, has some sort of "remote DNS resolve" protocol built in. This support allows clients to [query](https://gitweb.torproject.org/torspec.git/tree/tor-spec.txt?id=f9e111ead769d48441d99b52039ef0ccbd3f2c62#n1475) for certain resource types, like IPv4 or IPv6 addresses. Here too, the exit node does the actual DNS packet sending and receiving and just relays the answer to the client.
No UDP packets are actually ever routed from the client.
There's also a [proposal to add more full featured DNS support](https://gitweb.torproject.org/torspec.git/tree/proposals/219-expanded-dns.txt) to Tor. So far it hasn't been implemented.
---
Tor Protocol Specification references
* [6.2. Opening streams and transferring data](https://gitweb.torproject.org/torspec.git/tree/tor-spec.txt?id=f9e111ead769d48441d99b52039ef0ccbd3f2c62#n1311)
* [6.4. Remote hostname lookup](https://gitweb.torproject.org/torspec.git/tree/tor-spec.txt?id=f9e111ead769d48441d99b52039ef0ccbd3f2c62#n1475)
* [Proposal 219 - Support for full DNS and DNSSEC resolution in Tor](https://gitweb.torproject.org/torspec.git/tree/proposals/219-expanded-dns.txt) | TOR is not capable of routing UDP traffic as far as I know. But for DNS it makes an exception. This can be done because of the way SOCKS5 works.
When establishing a SOCKS5 connection the client sends either the IP address or a DNS. When TOR receives the DNS it uses the backend to resolve it (I don't really know exactly how it does it but I guess it's really similar to TCP and an endpoint resolves it for you) and then it can continue using the regular TCP/IP tor connection.
This way TOR is able to provide hidden services as .onion DNS, as it is receiving DNS connections over SOCKS5. This is the reason why you leak DNS (and it is not possible to use .onion DNS) over SOCKS4 (it does not support DNS resolution). |
8 | Tor can only handle TCP connections, but DNS is a UDP protocol. How does Tor route DNS requests over its TCP based network? Why can the same approach not be used to route all UDP traffic over Tor? | 2013/09/25 | [
"https://tor.stackexchange.com/questions/8",
"https://tor.stackexchange.com",
"https://tor.stackexchange.com/users/15/"
] | You have to remember, that Tor is a PROXY. Proxies act on behalf of another, and therefore, theoretically you would only need to "resolve" the address of the first node of the circuit. But you don't have to do that, because Tor already has that information in its configuration files.
What happens is that the exit node "handles" everything, including DNS, for the nodes behind it, because of the nature of being a proxy server. It then transmits the DNS information backwards through a Tor circuit. Given that Tor circuits for a specific machine change every few minutes, this is what makes it difficult and next to impossible for anyone to track a machine through the nodes, because ALL of the traffic though Tor is encrypted, with the exception of the exit node's handling of the original request which it will then encrypt on its way backwards through the Tor. This is because it takes, even in a simple hypothetical case, at least several attempts and a good few minutes to decrypt anything without having direct knowledge of BOTH keys required for decyrption, and this depends largely on the encryption method.
The exception to this is the .onion domain, i.e. the hidden services. Wherein Tor itself handles the DNS issue in a manner that, while is in fact DNS request in CONCEPT, tor does not follow the conventional "Rules" for DNS when it comes to hidden services. Because of the rendezvous server, which is a random Tor server, in a way "fakes" being the real host of the .onion site, for the purposes of concealing the IP of the machine the .onion server is running on. | TOR is not capable of routing UDP traffic as far as I know. But for DNS it makes an exception. This can be done because of the way SOCKS5 works.
When establishing a SOCKS5 connection the client sends either the IP address or a DNS. When TOR receives the DNS it uses the backend to resolve it (I don't really know exactly how it does it but I guess it's really similar to TCP and an endpoint resolves it for you) and then it can continue using the regular TCP/IP tor connection.
This way TOR is able to provide hidden services as .onion DNS, as it is receiving DNS connections over SOCKS5. This is the reason why you leak DNS (and it is not possible to use .onion DNS) over SOCKS4 (it does not support DNS resolution). |
8 | Tor can only handle TCP connections, but DNS is a UDP protocol. How does Tor route DNS requests over its TCP based network? Why can the same approach not be used to route all UDP traffic over Tor? | 2013/09/25 | [
"https://tor.stackexchange.com/questions/8",
"https://tor.stackexchange.com",
"https://tor.stackexchange.com/users/15/"
] | Tor clients do not, in general, directly do DNS requests. When you open a connection through the tor network you usually ask your client (on its socks ports) to connect you to a hostname and port, say www.example.com:80.
Your tor client, once it has created a circuit, will send that hostname and port to the exit node in its [RELAY\_BEGIN cell](https://gitweb.torproject.org/torspec.git/tree/tor-spec.txt?id=f9e111ead769d48441d99b52039ef0ccbd3f2c62#n1311).
The exit node will then do a DNS resolve and open a TCP connection to the target. Once that's established it will tell your client that the connection is open, and for informational purposes will also tell your client what address that hostname resolved to.
Tor, in addition to that, has some sort of "remote DNS resolve" protocol built in. This support allows clients to [query](https://gitweb.torproject.org/torspec.git/tree/tor-spec.txt?id=f9e111ead769d48441d99b52039ef0ccbd3f2c62#n1475) for certain resource types, like IPv4 or IPv6 addresses. Here too, the exit node does the actual DNS packet sending and receiving and just relays the answer to the client.
No UDP packets are actually ever routed from the client.
There's also a [proposal to add more full featured DNS support](https://gitweb.torproject.org/torspec.git/tree/proposals/219-expanded-dns.txt) to Tor. So far it hasn't been implemented.
---
Tor Protocol Specification references
* [6.2. Opening streams and transferring data](https://gitweb.torproject.org/torspec.git/tree/tor-spec.txt?id=f9e111ead769d48441d99b52039ef0ccbd3f2c62#n1311)
* [6.4. Remote hostname lookup](https://gitweb.torproject.org/torspec.git/tree/tor-spec.txt?id=f9e111ead769d48441d99b52039ef0ccbd3f2c62#n1475)
* [Proposal 219 - Support for full DNS and DNSSEC resolution in Tor](https://gitweb.torproject.org/torspec.git/tree/proposals/219-expanded-dns.txt) | You have to remember, that Tor is a PROXY. Proxies act on behalf of another, and therefore, theoretically you would only need to "resolve" the address of the first node of the circuit. But you don't have to do that, because Tor already has that information in its configuration files.
What happens is that the exit node "handles" everything, including DNS, for the nodes behind it, because of the nature of being a proxy server. It then transmits the DNS information backwards through a Tor circuit. Given that Tor circuits for a specific machine change every few minutes, this is what makes it difficult and next to impossible for anyone to track a machine through the nodes, because ALL of the traffic though Tor is encrypted, with the exception of the exit node's handling of the original request which it will then encrypt on its way backwards through the Tor. This is because it takes, even in a simple hypothetical case, at least several attempts and a good few minutes to decrypt anything without having direct knowledge of BOTH keys required for decyrption, and this depends largely on the encryption method.
The exception to this is the .onion domain, i.e. the hidden services. Wherein Tor itself handles the DNS issue in a manner that, while is in fact DNS request in CONCEPT, tor does not follow the conventional "Rules" for DNS when it comes to hidden services. Because of the rendezvous server, which is a random Tor server, in a way "fakes" being the real host of the .onion site, for the purposes of concealing the IP of the machine the .onion server is running on. |
6,549 | I am working as a beginning scientist and was given the management role for a small project (5 internal scientists, 1-2 external software contractors). What are the absolute essentials I need to manage this successfully?
There are several difficulties ahead right from the start:
* the project is already running and not progressing so well,
* my boss limits my time spent on this to 1-2 hours per week max,
* there is a large gap in understanding between the internal people and the external contractors (each are experienced in their knowledge domain),
* and I have zero experience in project management, both soft and hard skills.
A lot of good questions and answers on this site give advice how to do things 'right' if this is your primary job and domain of experience. However, I'm looking for a more minimalist answer within my constraints.
*How can a new PM manage a failing project in a few hours per week?*
---
A BIG THANK-YOU to all of you who answered this question. I greatly appreciate the thought and experience you put into your answers and they are very helpful. I have come to the conclusion that my first priorities must be to make a Gantt chart and to actively mediate regular communication between the other scientists on the project and our software contractors. My boss has clearly communicated his expectations, and now it's a matter of methodically determining whether they can be fulfilled.
I'd like to add a note here to explain the situation, because I got the feeling that some people were very surprised by this situation and thought it must be uncommon at best, negligent at worst. The fact is, most (all?) scientists in a leadership position are expected to manage multiple projects while additionally conducting their own research in the field, laboratory, or theoretical realm. At the same time, we must also regularly publish the results of our various projects in peer-reviewed journals and books -- ideally as soon as those results are produced ("publish or perish"). What's less common about my situation is that I am trying to manage a project which involves external contractors, and not just students and laboratory staff. However, as one moves up the academic ladder, one needs more and more skill in project management, and this is never actually taught to us. So my position is actually very common. I'm also sure that this sort of situation is not particular to academics -- as David Espina pointed out, project management is something that everyone has to do, but most of us aren't trained to do. | 2012/09/10 | [
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/questions/6549",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/users/4592/"
] | Let's be clear that project management has been a function of work long before it became a job role and a sort of profession. I'm quite sure you have far more project management experience than you are giving yourself credit for; after all, we begin managing projects about age 5.
The PM practices are really nothing more than a logical approach to doing work in an organized way. It is not some mystical rocket science thing for which you have to go to school. You do these things now. When you have time to study it, the class will put a name to it.
Don't overthink things. Just get yourself organized with the help of your team and learn to document what you are doing.
Your boss's expectation of a couple of hours a week is...his expectation. In reality, it will be what you need it to be, and as a leader you need to set that counter expectation. However, once things settle down, an hour or two a week on a five-person team is not unreasonable.
Then, when you have time, take some training. Until then, rely on your smarts and your previous project management experience which you do have. | Some great advice so far, although there's some information that's missing from your description that's critical -
Are the people you mentioned full-time on this project? What does 'failing' mean? IS it behind schedule? Was there a real plan put together before it started? Why does mgmt think it only takes 1-2 hours? Why do you say it's failing?
These are all important, for the simple reason that, before you can 'turn it around' you need to understand the reality of it. You need to look at the overall project, the expected results, the planned progress, the current state, the reality of delivering to expectations, the team, etc., and then assess what it would take for you to deliver. It's with this information that you can have an intelligent conversation worth your boss about realistic expectations.
Without this overall view, 1-2 or 20-30, you're going to have problems. |
6,549 | I am working as a beginning scientist and was given the management role for a small project (5 internal scientists, 1-2 external software contractors). What are the absolute essentials I need to manage this successfully?
There are several difficulties ahead right from the start:
* the project is already running and not progressing so well,
* my boss limits my time spent on this to 1-2 hours per week max,
* there is a large gap in understanding between the internal people and the external contractors (each are experienced in their knowledge domain),
* and I have zero experience in project management, both soft and hard skills.
A lot of good questions and answers on this site give advice how to do things 'right' if this is your primary job and domain of experience. However, I'm looking for a more minimalist answer within my constraints.
*How can a new PM manage a failing project in a few hours per week?*
---
A BIG THANK-YOU to all of you who answered this question. I greatly appreciate the thought and experience you put into your answers and they are very helpful. I have come to the conclusion that my first priorities must be to make a Gantt chart and to actively mediate regular communication between the other scientists on the project and our software contractors. My boss has clearly communicated his expectations, and now it's a matter of methodically determining whether they can be fulfilled.
I'd like to add a note here to explain the situation, because I got the feeling that some people were very surprised by this situation and thought it must be uncommon at best, negligent at worst. The fact is, most (all?) scientists in a leadership position are expected to manage multiple projects while additionally conducting their own research in the field, laboratory, or theoretical realm. At the same time, we must also regularly publish the results of our various projects in peer-reviewed journals and books -- ideally as soon as those results are produced ("publish or perish"). What's less common about my situation is that I am trying to manage a project which involves external contractors, and not just students and laboratory staff. However, as one moves up the academic ladder, one needs more and more skill in project management, and this is never actually taught to us. So my position is actually very common. I'm also sure that this sort of situation is not particular to academics -- as David Espina pointed out, project management is something that everyone has to do, but most of us aren't trained to do. | 2012/09/10 | [
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/questions/6549",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/users/4592/"
] | As others have pointed out, you can't really expect to accomplish your goal within those parameters.
In my opinion, the best you could do is try to switch over to an Agile team. The nice thing about the Agile process, if done correctly, is that it moves much of the decisions and problems facing management to the team itself. Rather than a manager identifying and solving a problem with the team, the team is encouraged to identify problems, propose and implement solutions and quantify results.
It can be difficult to implement without a coach or people who are already experienced, and it's just a waste of time to do a half-implementation because much of Agile is interdependent - removing up-front design without insisting on ruthless re-factoring would be futile. Ruthless re-factoring without full test coverage is dangerous, as is large-scale code sharing/re-factoring without pairing.
I just came from Nike where a huge chunk of their development has gone over to Agile. They had hired a coach/trainer full-time to train hundreds of developers. Even as a consultant they sent me to 3 full days of training.
It really can work well, and our reliance on management was minimal at that point. Our teams were 2 developers, 2 QAs and an analyst, with 3 of these teams under a team lead (not management) and a few hours of time with our "Customer" every two weeks to validate finished stories and choose new ones (this would probably be your role).
It's pretty hard to imagine until you've seen it operating smoothly though.
I suggest you check around for a successfull team that works within your parameters and try to copy their practice, but I can't imagine a team working within those parameters without being Agile (Heck, that should have been my whole answer!) | Some great advice so far, although there's some information that's missing from your description that's critical -
Are the people you mentioned full-time on this project? What does 'failing' mean? IS it behind schedule? Was there a real plan put together before it started? Why does mgmt think it only takes 1-2 hours? Why do you say it's failing?
These are all important, for the simple reason that, before you can 'turn it around' you need to understand the reality of it. You need to look at the overall project, the expected results, the planned progress, the current state, the reality of delivering to expectations, the team, etc., and then assess what it would take for you to deliver. It's with this information that you can have an intelligent conversation worth your boss about realistic expectations.
Without this overall view, 1-2 or 20-30, you're going to have problems. |
6,549 | I am working as a beginning scientist and was given the management role for a small project (5 internal scientists, 1-2 external software contractors). What are the absolute essentials I need to manage this successfully?
There are several difficulties ahead right from the start:
* the project is already running and not progressing so well,
* my boss limits my time spent on this to 1-2 hours per week max,
* there is a large gap in understanding between the internal people and the external contractors (each are experienced in their knowledge domain),
* and I have zero experience in project management, both soft and hard skills.
A lot of good questions and answers on this site give advice how to do things 'right' if this is your primary job and domain of experience. However, I'm looking for a more minimalist answer within my constraints.
*How can a new PM manage a failing project in a few hours per week?*
---
A BIG THANK-YOU to all of you who answered this question. I greatly appreciate the thought and experience you put into your answers and they are very helpful. I have come to the conclusion that my first priorities must be to make a Gantt chart and to actively mediate regular communication between the other scientists on the project and our software contractors. My boss has clearly communicated his expectations, and now it's a matter of methodically determining whether they can be fulfilled.
I'd like to add a note here to explain the situation, because I got the feeling that some people were very surprised by this situation and thought it must be uncommon at best, negligent at worst. The fact is, most (all?) scientists in a leadership position are expected to manage multiple projects while additionally conducting their own research in the field, laboratory, or theoretical realm. At the same time, we must also regularly publish the results of our various projects in peer-reviewed journals and books -- ideally as soon as those results are produced ("publish or perish"). What's less common about my situation is that I am trying to manage a project which involves external contractors, and not just students and laboratory staff. However, as one moves up the academic ladder, one needs more and more skill in project management, and this is never actually taught to us. So my position is actually very common. I'm also sure that this sort of situation is not particular to academics -- as David Espina pointed out, project management is something that everyone has to do, but most of us aren't trained to do. | 2012/09/10 | [
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/questions/6549",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/users/4592/"
] | ### TL;DR
If your question is truly about how you can *manage* a project like this in less than two hours per week, the answer is that you can't. At best, you might manage some minimal status reporting.
### Project Management is a Full-Time Job
Project management, when properly done, is a full-time job for someone. That doesn't necessarily mean 40 hours per week for each project; some PMs are responsible for multiple projects at a time. Nevertheless, the skills and attention required to manage *successful* projects require that someone is wearing the PM hat and available to the process throughout the project life-cycle.
### Ailing Projects Require Experience, Attention, and Management Support
An ailing project doesn't mean that work is not being done; it just means a project that is out of tolerance for time, budget, feature delivery, or scope. In other words, it will not meet expectations. By that definition, if your project is "not progressing well" then it is out of tolerance, is already failing to meet someone's expectations, and is therefore on the path to become a failed project.
Manage this variance requires the full attention of a project manager who understands process, as well as the full and formal backing of senior management. Without those things, a project cannot be brought back within tolerance.
### Use Your Time Wisely
If you are only allocated a few hours per week, I would use that time every week to:
1. Send out emails to your *boss* asking for project goals and metrics.
2. Send out emails to the team asking for status on the goals and metrics provided by your boss.
3. Send out a one-page spreadsheet or email to everyone summarizing the results.
Granted, the report will be of limited value, but if in-depth reporting were valuable to your organization you would be given more time to develop it properly. The main benefits of this report are:
* It makes the process, goals, and concrete metrics available to management and the team.
* It makes the results (of whatever quality) visible to everyone, including both management and the team.
### Consider a Daily Stand-Up or Weekly Retrospective
As another alternative, you can simply perform a daily stand-up, followed by a weekly report to management about process impediments. This would allow you 15 minutes per day for the stand-up, followed by 45 minutes per week of reporting.
Alternatively, you might hold an hour-long meeting each week, focusing on delivered features for the week (there will be none) and process impediments (there will be many). Time-box the meeting closely, and spend the remaining hour turning the meeting minutes into a report.
### Conclusion
This project is statistically likely to fail. *You* are not reponsible for its success or failure. Your job as a PM is to referee whatever process you have, and to make the results of that process visible to the team and to management.
**The success or failure of the project is the responsibility of your boss.** Do not accept blame for it; keep the organization focused on the processes and management controls, however minimal they may be. | As a starting project manager, I found Project Management for Dummies to be be really helpful. With your academic background, you could read it in a weekend. The reason I recommend this book is that not only does it touch upon aspects of methodology, it also talks about soft-skills like motivating people etc. and it sets just the right tone, being both accessible and having enough "meat" for you to work with. It won't teach you to be the perfect project manager but it will get you on track and start you asking the right questions. It also deals with basic tools like Gantt Charts etc.
Methodologies like PRINCE2 and PMBoK are great but they take a while to get your head around - and it sounds like you don't have the luxury of time.
Of course, I am sure there are lots of other great books about project management but that is one I am very familiar with. |
6,549 | I am working as a beginning scientist and was given the management role for a small project (5 internal scientists, 1-2 external software contractors). What are the absolute essentials I need to manage this successfully?
There are several difficulties ahead right from the start:
* the project is already running and not progressing so well,
* my boss limits my time spent on this to 1-2 hours per week max,
* there is a large gap in understanding between the internal people and the external contractors (each are experienced in their knowledge domain),
* and I have zero experience in project management, both soft and hard skills.
A lot of good questions and answers on this site give advice how to do things 'right' if this is your primary job and domain of experience. However, I'm looking for a more minimalist answer within my constraints.
*How can a new PM manage a failing project in a few hours per week?*
---
A BIG THANK-YOU to all of you who answered this question. I greatly appreciate the thought and experience you put into your answers and they are very helpful. I have come to the conclusion that my first priorities must be to make a Gantt chart and to actively mediate regular communication between the other scientists on the project and our software contractors. My boss has clearly communicated his expectations, and now it's a matter of methodically determining whether they can be fulfilled.
I'd like to add a note here to explain the situation, because I got the feeling that some people were very surprised by this situation and thought it must be uncommon at best, negligent at worst. The fact is, most (all?) scientists in a leadership position are expected to manage multiple projects while additionally conducting their own research in the field, laboratory, or theoretical realm. At the same time, we must also regularly publish the results of our various projects in peer-reviewed journals and books -- ideally as soon as those results are produced ("publish or perish"). What's less common about my situation is that I am trying to manage a project which involves external contractors, and not just students and laboratory staff. However, as one moves up the academic ladder, one needs more and more skill in project management, and this is never actually taught to us. So my position is actually very common. I'm also sure that this sort of situation is not particular to academics -- as David Espina pointed out, project management is something that everyone has to do, but most of us aren't trained to do. | 2012/09/10 | [
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/questions/6549",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/users/4592/"
] | ### TL;DR
If your question is truly about how you can *manage* a project like this in less than two hours per week, the answer is that you can't. At best, you might manage some minimal status reporting.
### Project Management is a Full-Time Job
Project management, when properly done, is a full-time job for someone. That doesn't necessarily mean 40 hours per week for each project; some PMs are responsible for multiple projects at a time. Nevertheless, the skills and attention required to manage *successful* projects require that someone is wearing the PM hat and available to the process throughout the project life-cycle.
### Ailing Projects Require Experience, Attention, and Management Support
An ailing project doesn't mean that work is not being done; it just means a project that is out of tolerance for time, budget, feature delivery, or scope. In other words, it will not meet expectations. By that definition, if your project is "not progressing well" then it is out of tolerance, is already failing to meet someone's expectations, and is therefore on the path to become a failed project.
Manage this variance requires the full attention of a project manager who understands process, as well as the full and formal backing of senior management. Without those things, a project cannot be brought back within tolerance.
### Use Your Time Wisely
If you are only allocated a few hours per week, I would use that time every week to:
1. Send out emails to your *boss* asking for project goals and metrics.
2. Send out emails to the team asking for status on the goals and metrics provided by your boss.
3. Send out a one-page spreadsheet or email to everyone summarizing the results.
Granted, the report will be of limited value, but if in-depth reporting were valuable to your organization you would be given more time to develop it properly. The main benefits of this report are:
* It makes the process, goals, and concrete metrics available to management and the team.
* It makes the results (of whatever quality) visible to everyone, including both management and the team.
### Consider a Daily Stand-Up or Weekly Retrospective
As another alternative, you can simply perform a daily stand-up, followed by a weekly report to management about process impediments. This would allow you 15 minutes per day for the stand-up, followed by 45 minutes per week of reporting.
Alternatively, you might hold an hour-long meeting each week, focusing on delivered features for the week (there will be none) and process impediments (there will be many). Time-box the meeting closely, and spend the remaining hour turning the meeting minutes into a report.
### Conclusion
This project is statistically likely to fail. *You* are not reponsible for its success or failure. Your job as a PM is to referee whatever process you have, and to make the results of that process visible to the team and to management.
**The success or failure of the project is the responsibility of your boss.** Do not accept blame for it; keep the organization focused on the processes and management controls, however minimal they may be. | First of all **you need an overview of the whole system**. You have to identify the key players, the key movements and motivations. My recommendation in similar cases is to do a [value stream mapping](http://zsoltfabok.com/blog/2012/04/see-the-whole-flow-exercise/) exercise. In a nutshell it will provide you some information on how the organization looks like and how the information flows inside.
If you've offered an office, don't take it. **Go and sit with your new team members** so that you'll know who they are and what they do. With this approach they'll know you, too and all the information in both ways will be first-handed.
Unfortunately, the 1-2 hours a week won't be enough, you'll have to ask for more (just reading the answers here will take about half an hour). In order to start properly, **you'll need a sponsor/mentor as well**, who knows the people and the ways of working (and has time to help you out). If can afford, you can call in a consultant (**I'm not** in the consultation business, so this is not an advertisement, but if you need help you have to get it somehow).
If you feel that there is a gap between the internal employees and the externals, call a meeting and **get them to sit at the same table and discuss the differences**. If you have no experience in facilitation, ask for help from your boss or hire a consultant. If you aren't on time and you have to deal with internal politics, you won't be successful. You need to resolve the conflicts as soon as possible.
Gaining the experience is very tricky. I suggest to read a couple of Q/As here - look for the *management* tag and try out what you've read. As a start, you can watch a [nice video](https://vimeo.com/19122939) on **system thinking** by John Seddon.
And a plus one. This won't be an easy ride. Prepare for a huge amount of over time and a physical and mental extenuation. Good luck, and let us know if you need anything. |
6,549 | I am working as a beginning scientist and was given the management role for a small project (5 internal scientists, 1-2 external software contractors). What are the absolute essentials I need to manage this successfully?
There are several difficulties ahead right from the start:
* the project is already running and not progressing so well,
* my boss limits my time spent on this to 1-2 hours per week max,
* there is a large gap in understanding between the internal people and the external contractors (each are experienced in their knowledge domain),
* and I have zero experience in project management, both soft and hard skills.
A lot of good questions and answers on this site give advice how to do things 'right' if this is your primary job and domain of experience. However, I'm looking for a more minimalist answer within my constraints.
*How can a new PM manage a failing project in a few hours per week?*
---
A BIG THANK-YOU to all of you who answered this question. I greatly appreciate the thought and experience you put into your answers and they are very helpful. I have come to the conclusion that my first priorities must be to make a Gantt chart and to actively mediate regular communication between the other scientists on the project and our software contractors. My boss has clearly communicated his expectations, and now it's a matter of methodically determining whether they can be fulfilled.
I'd like to add a note here to explain the situation, because I got the feeling that some people were very surprised by this situation and thought it must be uncommon at best, negligent at worst. The fact is, most (all?) scientists in a leadership position are expected to manage multiple projects while additionally conducting their own research in the field, laboratory, or theoretical realm. At the same time, we must also regularly publish the results of our various projects in peer-reviewed journals and books -- ideally as soon as those results are produced ("publish or perish"). What's less common about my situation is that I am trying to manage a project which involves external contractors, and not just students and laboratory staff. However, as one moves up the academic ladder, one needs more and more skill in project management, and this is never actually taught to us. So my position is actually very common. I'm also sure that this sort of situation is not particular to academics -- as David Espina pointed out, project management is something that everyone has to do, but most of us aren't trained to do. | 2012/09/10 | [
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/questions/6549",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/users/4592/"
] | ### TL;DR
If your question is truly about how you can *manage* a project like this in less than two hours per week, the answer is that you can't. At best, you might manage some minimal status reporting.
### Project Management is a Full-Time Job
Project management, when properly done, is a full-time job for someone. That doesn't necessarily mean 40 hours per week for each project; some PMs are responsible for multiple projects at a time. Nevertheless, the skills and attention required to manage *successful* projects require that someone is wearing the PM hat and available to the process throughout the project life-cycle.
### Ailing Projects Require Experience, Attention, and Management Support
An ailing project doesn't mean that work is not being done; it just means a project that is out of tolerance for time, budget, feature delivery, or scope. In other words, it will not meet expectations. By that definition, if your project is "not progressing well" then it is out of tolerance, is already failing to meet someone's expectations, and is therefore on the path to become a failed project.
Manage this variance requires the full attention of a project manager who understands process, as well as the full and formal backing of senior management. Without those things, a project cannot be brought back within tolerance.
### Use Your Time Wisely
If you are only allocated a few hours per week, I would use that time every week to:
1. Send out emails to your *boss* asking for project goals and metrics.
2. Send out emails to the team asking for status on the goals and metrics provided by your boss.
3. Send out a one-page spreadsheet or email to everyone summarizing the results.
Granted, the report will be of limited value, but if in-depth reporting were valuable to your organization you would be given more time to develop it properly. The main benefits of this report are:
* It makes the process, goals, and concrete metrics available to management and the team.
* It makes the results (of whatever quality) visible to everyone, including both management and the team.
### Consider a Daily Stand-Up or Weekly Retrospective
As another alternative, you can simply perform a daily stand-up, followed by a weekly report to management about process impediments. This would allow you 15 minutes per day for the stand-up, followed by 45 minutes per week of reporting.
Alternatively, you might hold an hour-long meeting each week, focusing on delivered features for the week (there will be none) and process impediments (there will be many). Time-box the meeting closely, and spend the remaining hour turning the meeting minutes into a report.
### Conclusion
This project is statistically likely to fail. *You* are not reponsible for its success or failure. Your job as a PM is to referee whatever process you have, and to make the results of that process visible to the team and to management.
**The success or failure of the project is the responsibility of your boss.** Do not accept blame for it; keep the organization focused on the processes and management controls, however minimal they may be. | Let's be clear that project management has been a function of work long before it became a job role and a sort of profession. I'm quite sure you have far more project management experience than you are giving yourself credit for; after all, we begin managing projects about age 5.
The PM practices are really nothing more than a logical approach to doing work in an organized way. It is not some mystical rocket science thing for which you have to go to school. You do these things now. When you have time to study it, the class will put a name to it.
Don't overthink things. Just get yourself organized with the help of your team and learn to document what you are doing.
Your boss's expectation of a couple of hours a week is...his expectation. In reality, it will be what you need it to be, and as a leader you need to set that counter expectation. However, once things settle down, an hour or two a week on a five-person team is not unreasonable.
Then, when you have time, take some training. Until then, rely on your smarts and your previous project management experience which you do have. |
6,549 | I am working as a beginning scientist and was given the management role for a small project (5 internal scientists, 1-2 external software contractors). What are the absolute essentials I need to manage this successfully?
There are several difficulties ahead right from the start:
* the project is already running and not progressing so well,
* my boss limits my time spent on this to 1-2 hours per week max,
* there is a large gap in understanding between the internal people and the external contractors (each are experienced in their knowledge domain),
* and I have zero experience in project management, both soft and hard skills.
A lot of good questions and answers on this site give advice how to do things 'right' if this is your primary job and domain of experience. However, I'm looking for a more minimalist answer within my constraints.
*How can a new PM manage a failing project in a few hours per week?*
---
A BIG THANK-YOU to all of you who answered this question. I greatly appreciate the thought and experience you put into your answers and they are very helpful. I have come to the conclusion that my first priorities must be to make a Gantt chart and to actively mediate regular communication between the other scientists on the project and our software contractors. My boss has clearly communicated his expectations, and now it's a matter of methodically determining whether they can be fulfilled.
I'd like to add a note here to explain the situation, because I got the feeling that some people were very surprised by this situation and thought it must be uncommon at best, negligent at worst. The fact is, most (all?) scientists in a leadership position are expected to manage multiple projects while additionally conducting their own research in the field, laboratory, or theoretical realm. At the same time, we must also regularly publish the results of our various projects in peer-reviewed journals and books -- ideally as soon as those results are produced ("publish or perish"). What's less common about my situation is that I am trying to manage a project which involves external contractors, and not just students and laboratory staff. However, as one moves up the academic ladder, one needs more and more skill in project management, and this is never actually taught to us. So my position is actually very common. I'm also sure that this sort of situation is not particular to academics -- as David Espina pointed out, project management is something that everyone has to do, but most of us aren't trained to do. | 2012/09/10 | [
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/questions/6549",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/users/4592/"
] | First of all **you need an overview of the whole system**. You have to identify the key players, the key movements and motivations. My recommendation in similar cases is to do a [value stream mapping](http://zsoltfabok.com/blog/2012/04/see-the-whole-flow-exercise/) exercise. In a nutshell it will provide you some information on how the organization looks like and how the information flows inside.
If you've offered an office, don't take it. **Go and sit with your new team members** so that you'll know who they are and what they do. With this approach they'll know you, too and all the information in both ways will be first-handed.
Unfortunately, the 1-2 hours a week won't be enough, you'll have to ask for more (just reading the answers here will take about half an hour). In order to start properly, **you'll need a sponsor/mentor as well**, who knows the people and the ways of working (and has time to help you out). If can afford, you can call in a consultant (**I'm not** in the consultation business, so this is not an advertisement, but if you need help you have to get it somehow).
If you feel that there is a gap between the internal employees and the externals, call a meeting and **get them to sit at the same table and discuss the differences**. If you have no experience in facilitation, ask for help from your boss or hire a consultant. If you aren't on time and you have to deal with internal politics, you won't be successful. You need to resolve the conflicts as soon as possible.
Gaining the experience is very tricky. I suggest to read a couple of Q/As here - look for the *management* tag and try out what you've read. As a start, you can watch a [nice video](https://vimeo.com/19122939) on **system thinking** by John Seddon.
And a plus one. This won't be an easy ride. Prepare for a huge amount of over time and a physical and mental extenuation. Good luck, and let us know if you need anything. | As others have pointed out, you can't really expect to accomplish your goal within those parameters.
In my opinion, the best you could do is try to switch over to an Agile team. The nice thing about the Agile process, if done correctly, is that it moves much of the decisions and problems facing management to the team itself. Rather than a manager identifying and solving a problem with the team, the team is encouraged to identify problems, propose and implement solutions and quantify results.
It can be difficult to implement without a coach or people who are already experienced, and it's just a waste of time to do a half-implementation because much of Agile is interdependent - removing up-front design without insisting on ruthless re-factoring would be futile. Ruthless re-factoring without full test coverage is dangerous, as is large-scale code sharing/re-factoring without pairing.
I just came from Nike where a huge chunk of their development has gone over to Agile. They had hired a coach/trainer full-time to train hundreds of developers. Even as a consultant they sent me to 3 full days of training.
It really can work well, and our reliance on management was minimal at that point. Our teams were 2 developers, 2 QAs and an analyst, with 3 of these teams under a team lead (not management) and a few hours of time with our "Customer" every two weeks to validate finished stories and choose new ones (this would probably be your role).
It's pretty hard to imagine until you've seen it operating smoothly though.
I suggest you check around for a successfull team that works within your parameters and try to copy their practice, but I can't imagine a team working within those parameters without being Agile (Heck, that should have been my whole answer!) |
6,549 | I am working as a beginning scientist and was given the management role for a small project (5 internal scientists, 1-2 external software contractors). What are the absolute essentials I need to manage this successfully?
There are several difficulties ahead right from the start:
* the project is already running and not progressing so well,
* my boss limits my time spent on this to 1-2 hours per week max,
* there is a large gap in understanding between the internal people and the external contractors (each are experienced in their knowledge domain),
* and I have zero experience in project management, both soft and hard skills.
A lot of good questions and answers on this site give advice how to do things 'right' if this is your primary job and domain of experience. However, I'm looking for a more minimalist answer within my constraints.
*How can a new PM manage a failing project in a few hours per week?*
---
A BIG THANK-YOU to all of you who answered this question. I greatly appreciate the thought and experience you put into your answers and they are very helpful. I have come to the conclusion that my first priorities must be to make a Gantt chart and to actively mediate regular communication between the other scientists on the project and our software contractors. My boss has clearly communicated his expectations, and now it's a matter of methodically determining whether they can be fulfilled.
I'd like to add a note here to explain the situation, because I got the feeling that some people were very surprised by this situation and thought it must be uncommon at best, negligent at worst. The fact is, most (all?) scientists in a leadership position are expected to manage multiple projects while additionally conducting their own research in the field, laboratory, or theoretical realm. At the same time, we must also regularly publish the results of our various projects in peer-reviewed journals and books -- ideally as soon as those results are produced ("publish or perish"). What's less common about my situation is that I am trying to manage a project which involves external contractors, and not just students and laboratory staff. However, as one moves up the academic ladder, one needs more and more skill in project management, and this is never actually taught to us. So my position is actually very common. I'm also sure that this sort of situation is not particular to academics -- as David Espina pointed out, project management is something that everyone has to do, but most of us aren't trained to do. | 2012/09/10 | [
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/questions/6549",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/users/4592/"
] | It is possible that your boss hasn't really got a clue as to what a PM does. When I got my first PM job my boss thought all I needed to do was send out reminders and act as a stenographer at meetings. If this is the case you have a lot less work to do than if he wants you to act as a "true" PM. So the first thing that you need to do is talk to your boss and find out what his expectations are for someone in a PM role.
Assuming that you are to fulfill a "true" PM role, the [PRINCE2 principles](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRINCE2) will give you good guidance:
1. Focus on products. Know what your end product is and what it is composed of. Make sure all the work done is relevant to that product.
2. Ongoing business justification. The project has to provide value for money spent. Don't be afraid to suggest killing a project when the value isn't there.
3. Defined roles & responsibilities. Without this some work will slip through the cracks and won't get done, decisions won't be made or will be made by the wrong people, etc.
4. Management by stages. Break your project into at least a planning and an execution stage. At the end of each stage verify the business case is still valid, the plan is updated, etc and decide if you should carry on.
5. Management by exception. Set tolerances for decision making at different levels of authority so that decisions are made by appropriate people.
6. Learn from experience. Talk to other PMs and team members and find out how to approach the management and execution of the project. Don't be afraid to ask questions, with no experience you can't afford to be shy.
7. Tailor your approach. You will have problems both if you have too much and too little process and oversight associated with your project. With the amount of time you have available you probably can't go whole-hog with any PM methodology.
Beyond all of this, become zen with the fact that with the constraints put on you there is little chance that the original plan will succeed. Your task now is to come up with something that will work. | Some great advice so far, although there's some information that's missing from your description that's critical -
Are the people you mentioned full-time on this project? What does 'failing' mean? IS it behind schedule? Was there a real plan put together before it started? Why does mgmt think it only takes 1-2 hours? Why do you say it's failing?
These are all important, for the simple reason that, before you can 'turn it around' you need to understand the reality of it. You need to look at the overall project, the expected results, the planned progress, the current state, the reality of delivering to expectations, the team, etc., and then assess what it would take for you to deliver. It's with this information that you can have an intelligent conversation worth your boss about realistic expectations.
Without this overall view, 1-2 or 20-30, you're going to have problems. |
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