qid int64 1 74.7M | question stringlengths 12 33.8k | date stringlengths 10 10 | metadata list | response_j stringlengths 0 115k | response_k stringlengths 2 98.3k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
15,953 | just 1 click ..and it duplicates ALL content, settings, css, plugins..
im looking for a plugin that adds a new link to Sites admin;
Edit | Dashboard | Deactivate | Archive | Spam | Delete | Visit | **DUPLICATE**...
it should copy ALL settings/configs.
and create a new subdomain instance in the **existing** Multisite | 2011/04/29 | [
"https://wordpress.stackexchange.com/questions/15953",
"https://wordpress.stackexchange.com",
"https://wordpress.stackexchange.com/users/4992/"
] | if you want a plugin that can have a default setup when you create a new sub-site then give this a shot [WPMUDEV New Blog Template](http://premium.wpmudev.org/project/new-blog-template) do not let the name fool you it does what your somewhat looking for minus the Duplicate button but that would be no longer necessary. | There are a number of plugins that backup the database as well as WordPress files.
Looking at the [plugins associated with the backup tag](http://wordpress.org/extend/plugins/tags/backup), the following look useful:
* BackupWordPress
* XCloner
* Backup and Move Plugin |
15,953 | just 1 click ..and it duplicates ALL content, settings, css, plugins..
im looking for a plugin that adds a new link to Sites admin;
Edit | Dashboard | Deactivate | Archive | Spam | Delete | Visit | **DUPLICATE**...
it should copy ALL settings/configs.
and create a new subdomain instance in the **existing** Multisite | 2011/04/29 | [
"https://wordpress.stackexchange.com/questions/15953",
"https://wordpress.stackexchange.com",
"https://wordpress.stackexchange.com/users/4992/"
] | A quick edit option for |Delete|Visit|DUPLICATE seems a bit too tailor made.
Nonetheless, this plugin does exactly what you want with 2 clicks (on its own screen).
<http://wordpress.org/extend/plugins/add-cloned-sites-for-wpmu-batch/> | There are a number of plugins that backup the database as well as WordPress files.
Looking at the [plugins associated with the backup tag](http://wordpress.org/extend/plugins/tags/backup), the following look useful:
* BackupWordPress
* XCloner
* Backup and Move Plugin |
15,953 | just 1 click ..and it duplicates ALL content, settings, css, plugins..
im looking for a plugin that adds a new link to Sites admin;
Edit | Dashboard | Deactivate | Archive | Spam | Delete | Visit | **DUPLICATE**...
it should copy ALL settings/configs.
and create a new subdomain instance in the **existing** Multisite | 2011/04/29 | [
"https://wordpress.stackexchange.com/questions/15953",
"https://wordpress.stackexchange.com",
"https://wordpress.stackexchange.com/users/4992/"
] | Late to the party here but wanted to mention for the benefit of future searchers that we had the same need and built a plugin for cloning/duplicating with all settings intact just like the OP describes.
It is called the [NS Cloner](http://wordpress.org/plugins/ns-cloner-site-copier), and it doesn't add a "Duplicate" action link as described here, but it makes the process almost that easy by creating an easy-to-use network admin page where you can select a source site and then create a perfect duplicate complete with all content, plugin settings, etc, and it tops the WPMUDev New Blog Template plugin by being free (their are some more advanced features you can add with add-ons but the very powerful core is forever free), adding more power/flexibility in cloning settings, and avoiding hangups with updates since it's a wordpress.org plugin. | There are a number of plugins that backup the database as well as WordPress files.
Looking at the [plugins associated with the backup tag](http://wordpress.org/extend/plugins/tags/backup), the following look useful:
* BackupWordPress
* XCloner
* Backup and Move Plugin |
15,953 | just 1 click ..and it duplicates ALL content, settings, css, plugins..
im looking for a plugin that adds a new link to Sites admin;
Edit | Dashboard | Deactivate | Archive | Spam | Delete | Visit | **DUPLICATE**...
it should copy ALL settings/configs.
and create a new subdomain instance in the **existing** Multisite | 2011/04/29 | [
"https://wordpress.stackexchange.com/questions/15953",
"https://wordpress.stackexchange.com",
"https://wordpress.stackexchange.com/users/4992/"
] | A quick edit option for |Delete|Visit|DUPLICATE seems a bit too tailor made.
Nonetheless, this plugin does exactly what you want with 2 clicks (on its own screen).
<http://wordpress.org/extend/plugins/add-cloned-sites-for-wpmu-batch/> | if you want a plugin that can have a default setup when you create a new sub-site then give this a shot [WPMUDEV New Blog Template](http://premium.wpmudev.org/project/new-blog-template) do not let the name fool you it does what your somewhat looking for minus the Duplicate button but that would be no longer necessary. |
15,953 | just 1 click ..and it duplicates ALL content, settings, css, plugins..
im looking for a plugin that adds a new link to Sites admin;
Edit | Dashboard | Deactivate | Archive | Spam | Delete | Visit | **DUPLICATE**...
it should copy ALL settings/configs.
and create a new subdomain instance in the **existing** Multisite | 2011/04/29 | [
"https://wordpress.stackexchange.com/questions/15953",
"https://wordpress.stackexchange.com",
"https://wordpress.stackexchange.com/users/4992/"
] | A quick edit option for |Delete|Visit|DUPLICATE seems a bit too tailor made.
Nonetheless, this plugin does exactly what you want with 2 clicks (on its own screen).
<http://wordpress.org/extend/plugins/add-cloned-sites-for-wpmu-batch/> | Late to the party here but wanted to mention for the benefit of future searchers that we had the same need and built a plugin for cloning/duplicating with all settings intact just like the OP describes.
It is called the [NS Cloner](http://wordpress.org/plugins/ns-cloner-site-copier), and it doesn't add a "Duplicate" action link as described here, but it makes the process almost that easy by creating an easy-to-use network admin page where you can select a source site and then create a perfect duplicate complete with all content, plugin settings, etc, and it tops the WPMUDev New Blog Template plugin by being free (their are some more advanced features you can add with add-ons but the very powerful core is forever free), adding more power/flexibility in cloning settings, and avoiding hangups with updates since it's a wordpress.org plugin. |
60,007,307 | I have 5 fragments that call function from the activity in their onResume method. The problem is as follows: they call the function multiple times, but I want them to call it only one time. I am using the Navigation(NavHostFragment) and NavController to control the fragments. So my question is - Is there a way to call said function only when fragment is attached and visible?
I searched for a way to do it but without success so any help and advice is appreciated! | 2020/01/31 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/60007307",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/12356209/"
] | What do you mean "they call the function multiple times"? As in they call the function every time you close and reopen the app?
Here is an overview of the [fragment life cycle](https://developer.android.com/guide/components/fragments#Creating) and some more [information on handling that life cycle](https://developer.android.com/guide/components/fragments#Lifecycle). If you only want the fragments to call the function once, maybe you could add the function to an earlier stage, such as onAttach() or onCreate(). | thanks for sharing your code btw, pretty sure we're all python programs that can analyze your code with our minds |
67,412 | What is the train route from Charles de Gaulle airport to Calais? I see that there is a train station inside the airport. Is there only one station or many? If there are many stations please let me know the station name and the train to board and the route.
I hope the train is the cheapest and best mode to travel from CDG to Calais, if there is any other please suggest. | 2016/04/27 | [
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/questions/67412",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/users/42854/"
] | As chx pointed out, you will need to clarify what "best" is. Cheaper? Faster? Most convenient? Most frequent?
I'll concentrate on the train part.
There are two train stations in CDG:
* "**Aéroport Charles de Gaulle 1**" is only served by the "**RER**" (suburban train / express metro). It is located in "Roissypôle", which is about halfway between Terminal 1 and Terminal 2, and close to Terminal 3. You can get to it using the free people mover from T1 or T2, or by foot from T3. The RER B line which serves the station goes through the centre of Paris, serving Gare du Nord. From Gare du Nord you have very frequent trains to Lille, as well as a few trains to Calais.
* "**Aéroport Charles de Gaulle 2 TGV**" is served by both the **RER** B like the other station and by **TGV** (high-speed) trains to many destinations around France. There are no direct trains to Calais that I know of, but there are quite a few trains going to Lille, and you can change there to get to Calais. The station is in the middle of Terminal 2, between halls C, D, E and F.
Note that in Calais there are two stations as well:
* "**Calais Ville**" is the historic train station in the centre of town.
* "**Calais-Frethun**" is the train station of the high-speed line just before entering the Channel Tunnel. It is quite a bit outside Calais proper, though there are trains going from one to the other.
Finally, as many of the options involve changing trains in Lille, there are two relevant stations in Lille as well:
* "**Lille Flandres**" is the historic train station, with both TGV and regional trains
* "**Lille Europe**" is the newer train station on the high-speed line, served only by TGV and some Eurostar services. The two stations are very close to each other, and there's also both the metro and a tram line (underground as well in that part) that link the two. The metro has higher frequencies. But unless it rains or you have lots of luggage, just walk!
So considering just trains, you have (at least) the following options:
* CDG 2-TGV to Lille Europe (TGV) then Lille Europe to Calais-Frethun (mostly TGV, but there's also a "TERGV", regional train using a TGV trainset). This is the fastest option, a bit over 2 hours, most of which is waiting in Lille Europe. Probably the most expensive as well, though that varies greatly.
* CDG 2-TGV to Lille Flandres (TGV) then Lille Flandres to Calais Ville (regional train, quite a bit slower, but probably quite a bit cheaper).
* CDG 1 or CDG 2-TGV to Paris Gare du Nord (RER B) then Paris Gare du Nord to Calais (direct by TGV) or to Lille then Calais (same kind of options as above). This is probably the one that will give you the most choices in terms of schedule, and it may be cheaper, but it's be longer an much less convenient.
There's quite a bit of variation in terms of travel time, frequency, and price range between the different options. Note that prices can vary dramatically from one train to the next even going through the exact same combination, so feel free to examine as many options as you can if you want to get the best price. Note that some fares are either time-sensitive or have quotas (like on planes), so the earlier you book, the more chances you have for a cheap ticket. | The train station is located in Terminal 2 (between 2D and 2F).
Not sure if the train will be the cheapest way to go to Calais. The bus or a shared car might be cheaper (but also take more time).
For instance, with the bus, you can get to Lille from CDG for just 9€ :
<http://uk.ouibus.com>
Then from Lille to Calais, with the bus, train or shared car, it will be less than 30 €.
For the shared car, try this :
<https://www.blablacar.fr/>
Hope this helps! :) |
67,412 | What is the train route from Charles de Gaulle airport to Calais? I see that there is a train station inside the airport. Is there only one station or many? If there are many stations please let me know the station name and the train to board and the route.
I hope the train is the cheapest and best mode to travel from CDG to Calais, if there is any other please suggest. | 2016/04/27 | [
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/questions/67412",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/users/42854/"
] | [Rome2Rio says that you can get a Eurolines bus from Paris CDG to Calais.](http://www.rome2rio.com/s/Paris-CDG-Airport-CDG/Calais) The journey lasts approximately 5 hours and is significantly cheaper than the train. Below is a screenshot from Rome2Rio:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/MLbFo.png)
[Eurolines](http://booking.eurolines.fr/site/SelectDestinationSrv#) agrees with this. Buses run to Calais Centre Ville, Calais Ferry, and Calais-Cité-Europe. Below is a sample quote for CDG to Calais Centre:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/yYYoW.png) | The train station is located in Terminal 2 (between 2D and 2F).
Not sure if the train will be the cheapest way to go to Calais. The bus or a shared car might be cheaper (but also take more time).
For instance, with the bus, you can get to Lille from CDG for just 9€ :
<http://uk.ouibus.com>
Then from Lille to Calais, with the bus, train or shared car, it will be less than 30 €.
For the shared car, try this :
<https://www.blablacar.fr/>
Hope this helps! :) |
67,412 | What is the train route from Charles de Gaulle airport to Calais? I see that there is a train station inside the airport. Is there only one station or many? If there are many stations please let me know the station name and the train to board and the route.
I hope the train is the cheapest and best mode to travel from CDG to Calais, if there is any other please suggest. | 2016/04/27 | [
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/questions/67412",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/users/42854/"
] | You'll need to decide your price / time balance. You can save money by taking the bus but it's slower than by train.
As mentioned you can take the train directly from CDG Terminal 2. Some require a change, or even change between two different stations, in Lille. Details here [Voyages-SNCF](http://www.voyages-sncf.com/). Generally from around €30.
Eurolines does have one direct bus most days from the airport directly to Calais. You can save even more though by going into Paris and catching a bus from there. You can compare bus options [here on Busbud](https://www.busbud.com/en/bus-paris-calais/r/u09tvm-u113f5) (full disclosure: I work on this project). Generally from around €10. | The train station is located in Terminal 2 (between 2D and 2F).
Not sure if the train will be the cheapest way to go to Calais. The bus or a shared car might be cheaper (but also take more time).
For instance, with the bus, you can get to Lille from CDG for just 9€ :
<http://uk.ouibus.com>
Then from Lille to Calais, with the bus, train or shared car, it will be less than 30 €.
For the shared car, try this :
<https://www.blablacar.fr/>
Hope this helps! :) |
67,412 | What is the train route from Charles de Gaulle airport to Calais? I see that there is a train station inside the airport. Is there only one station or many? If there are many stations please let me know the station name and the train to board and the route.
I hope the train is the cheapest and best mode to travel from CDG to Calais, if there is any other please suggest. | 2016/04/27 | [
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/questions/67412",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/users/42854/"
] | As chx pointed out, you will need to clarify what "best" is. Cheaper? Faster? Most convenient? Most frequent?
I'll concentrate on the train part.
There are two train stations in CDG:
* "**Aéroport Charles de Gaulle 1**" is only served by the "**RER**" (suburban train / express metro). It is located in "Roissypôle", which is about halfway between Terminal 1 and Terminal 2, and close to Terminal 3. You can get to it using the free people mover from T1 or T2, or by foot from T3. The RER B line which serves the station goes through the centre of Paris, serving Gare du Nord. From Gare du Nord you have very frequent trains to Lille, as well as a few trains to Calais.
* "**Aéroport Charles de Gaulle 2 TGV**" is served by both the **RER** B like the other station and by **TGV** (high-speed) trains to many destinations around France. There are no direct trains to Calais that I know of, but there are quite a few trains going to Lille, and you can change there to get to Calais. The station is in the middle of Terminal 2, between halls C, D, E and F.
Note that in Calais there are two stations as well:
* "**Calais Ville**" is the historic train station in the centre of town.
* "**Calais-Frethun**" is the train station of the high-speed line just before entering the Channel Tunnel. It is quite a bit outside Calais proper, though there are trains going from one to the other.
Finally, as many of the options involve changing trains in Lille, there are two relevant stations in Lille as well:
* "**Lille Flandres**" is the historic train station, with both TGV and regional trains
* "**Lille Europe**" is the newer train station on the high-speed line, served only by TGV and some Eurostar services. The two stations are very close to each other, and there's also both the metro and a tram line (underground as well in that part) that link the two. The metro has higher frequencies. But unless it rains or you have lots of luggage, just walk!
So considering just trains, you have (at least) the following options:
* CDG 2-TGV to Lille Europe (TGV) then Lille Europe to Calais-Frethun (mostly TGV, but there's also a "TERGV", regional train using a TGV trainset). This is the fastest option, a bit over 2 hours, most of which is waiting in Lille Europe. Probably the most expensive as well, though that varies greatly.
* CDG 2-TGV to Lille Flandres (TGV) then Lille Flandres to Calais Ville (regional train, quite a bit slower, but probably quite a bit cheaper).
* CDG 1 or CDG 2-TGV to Paris Gare du Nord (RER B) then Paris Gare du Nord to Calais (direct by TGV) or to Lille then Calais (same kind of options as above). This is probably the one that will give you the most choices in terms of schedule, and it may be cheaper, but it's be longer an much less convenient.
There's quite a bit of variation in terms of travel time, frequency, and price range between the different options. Note that prices can vary dramatically from one train to the next even going through the exact same combination, so feel free to examine as many options as you can if you want to get the best price. Note that some fares are either time-sensitive or have quotas (like on planes), so the earlier you book, the more chances you have for a cheap ticket. | [Rome2Rio says that you can get a Eurolines bus from Paris CDG to Calais.](http://www.rome2rio.com/s/Paris-CDG-Airport-CDG/Calais) The journey lasts approximately 5 hours and is significantly cheaper than the train. Below is a screenshot from Rome2Rio:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/MLbFo.png)
[Eurolines](http://booking.eurolines.fr/site/SelectDestinationSrv#) agrees with this. Buses run to Calais Centre Ville, Calais Ferry, and Calais-Cité-Europe. Below is a sample quote for CDG to Calais Centre:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/yYYoW.png) |
67,412 | What is the train route from Charles de Gaulle airport to Calais? I see that there is a train station inside the airport. Is there only one station or many? If there are many stations please let me know the station name and the train to board and the route.
I hope the train is the cheapest and best mode to travel from CDG to Calais, if there is any other please suggest. | 2016/04/27 | [
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/questions/67412",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/users/42854/"
] | As chx pointed out, you will need to clarify what "best" is. Cheaper? Faster? Most convenient? Most frequent?
I'll concentrate on the train part.
There are two train stations in CDG:
* "**Aéroport Charles de Gaulle 1**" is only served by the "**RER**" (suburban train / express metro). It is located in "Roissypôle", which is about halfway between Terminal 1 and Terminal 2, and close to Terminal 3. You can get to it using the free people mover from T1 or T2, or by foot from T3. The RER B line which serves the station goes through the centre of Paris, serving Gare du Nord. From Gare du Nord you have very frequent trains to Lille, as well as a few trains to Calais.
* "**Aéroport Charles de Gaulle 2 TGV**" is served by both the **RER** B like the other station and by **TGV** (high-speed) trains to many destinations around France. There are no direct trains to Calais that I know of, but there are quite a few trains going to Lille, and you can change there to get to Calais. The station is in the middle of Terminal 2, between halls C, D, E and F.
Note that in Calais there are two stations as well:
* "**Calais Ville**" is the historic train station in the centre of town.
* "**Calais-Frethun**" is the train station of the high-speed line just before entering the Channel Tunnel. It is quite a bit outside Calais proper, though there are trains going from one to the other.
Finally, as many of the options involve changing trains in Lille, there are two relevant stations in Lille as well:
* "**Lille Flandres**" is the historic train station, with both TGV and regional trains
* "**Lille Europe**" is the newer train station on the high-speed line, served only by TGV and some Eurostar services. The two stations are very close to each other, and there's also both the metro and a tram line (underground as well in that part) that link the two. The metro has higher frequencies. But unless it rains or you have lots of luggage, just walk!
So considering just trains, you have (at least) the following options:
* CDG 2-TGV to Lille Europe (TGV) then Lille Europe to Calais-Frethun (mostly TGV, but there's also a "TERGV", regional train using a TGV trainset). This is the fastest option, a bit over 2 hours, most of which is waiting in Lille Europe. Probably the most expensive as well, though that varies greatly.
* CDG 2-TGV to Lille Flandres (TGV) then Lille Flandres to Calais Ville (regional train, quite a bit slower, but probably quite a bit cheaper).
* CDG 1 or CDG 2-TGV to Paris Gare du Nord (RER B) then Paris Gare du Nord to Calais (direct by TGV) or to Lille then Calais (same kind of options as above). This is probably the one that will give you the most choices in terms of schedule, and it may be cheaper, but it's be longer an much less convenient.
There's quite a bit of variation in terms of travel time, frequency, and price range between the different options. Note that prices can vary dramatically from one train to the next even going through the exact same combination, so feel free to examine as many options as you can if you want to get the best price. Note that some fares are either time-sensitive or have quotas (like on planes), so the earlier you book, the more chances you have for a cheap ticket. | You'll need to decide your price / time balance. You can save money by taking the bus but it's slower than by train.
As mentioned you can take the train directly from CDG Terminal 2. Some require a change, or even change between two different stations, in Lille. Details here [Voyages-SNCF](http://www.voyages-sncf.com/). Generally from around €30.
Eurolines does have one direct bus most days from the airport directly to Calais. You can save even more though by going into Paris and catching a bus from there. You can compare bus options [here on Busbud](https://www.busbud.com/en/bus-paris-calais/r/u09tvm-u113f5) (full disclosure: I work on this project). Generally from around €10. |
9,976 | This question: [Would Zorquan be a Unity domain patron?](https://rpg.stackexchange.com/q/169939/35259)
As I said in a comment, given that the question includes "2e Forgotten Realms" (provided for background context for lore purposes) and "we're playing a fairly by-the-book **5e campaign.**", isn't this confirmation of D&D 5e? Can we not just add the [dnd-5e] tag ourselves in this case? Is the policy *really this strict*?
Rather than having comments under the question be the place to discuss this, I decided to open this meta so that we can decide here whether or not adding the tag in this case violates [the policy](https://rpg.meta.stackexchange.com/q/9805/35259).
Those who know my view on the policy would be able to guess that I want to add the tag, since I don't agree with the policy in the first place, but in this case, I think even those in favour of the policy might agree with me that in this case, there is zero ambiguity. Given that the extreme strictness of the policy makes no sense to me, I find it difficult to judge cases like this where it seems insane to me not to add the tag.
Do we add the tag, or do we go ahead and close the question and force the user to add the tag, even though they've already stated 5e in the question and made other references to D&D? (Not to mention that they've also included the [unearthed-arcana](https://rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/unearthed-arcana "show questions tagged 'unearthed-arcana'") tag, the description of which mentions that it is a D&D 5e tag.)
Is it really the case that system tags are strictly hands-off *unless you are the author of the question*, with zero exceptions (diamond mods excluded)? (Note that I'm not asking for anyone to convince me that the policy is a good thing; that's what the other meta Q&A, linked earlier, is for. This is about clarifying the policy's use in practice, with respect to this specific question, linked at the top.) | 2020/06/04 | [
"https://rpg.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/9976",
"https://rpg.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://rpg.meta.stackexchange.com/users/35259/"
] | I know I am likely to be the minority voice here, but for the sake of future reference, I have decided to add this answer, so there is at least one counter argument. Let me start by saying that I respect the never-guess-the-system policy. However, I believe that policy cannot apply here, as there is nothing to guess.
NathanS did not mention the following pieces of information in his question above. The question of interest:
* Has already 5 tags, all of which are arguably more specific than dnd-5e.
* **Quotes paragraphs** from *Draconomicon* and gives exact page numbers. [This is an AD&D 2e Forgotten Realms sourcebook.]
* Gives a link to, and talks about a specific webpage whose title is 'AuldDragon's **AD&D Blog**' and whose content is discussing AD&D 2e speciality priests of Zorquan.
* Refers to the Unity domain from Unearthed Arcana.
So when we read the entirety of the question, there is nothing to guess.
I understand that the strict followers of the no-guess policy might still consider combining all these data to be a form of guessing. After all, the D&D and 5th edition phrases are not being uttered side by side. They may be (perhaps rightfully) worried that this example could open the gates for individuals incorrectly guessing in the future, self-confident that they are not really guessing.
My feeling on this is that we are not modrons or androids or maruts. People come to SE to get expert advise. And as an 'expert', "I understand the question when I read it" (Jacobellis v. Ohio). | It is a violation of the policy, strictly speaking. There are many games that have five or more editions, so “2e” and “5e” could well be references to those systems—nothing in the question confirms that they are playing *D&D* 5e. Officially, the Forgotten Realms is a setting only for Dungeons & Dragons, but that doesn’t stop anyone from using it for whatever system they prefer.
The odds of it being anything but D&D 5e, however, are vanishingly small. Moreover, since it’s a lore question, and Forgotten Realms *lore* always comes from Dungeons & Dragons (even if you use it for another system), it doesn’t actually *matter* if they actually are playing some other system. In theory, they could want lore from another edition of D&D to inform their play in the fifth edition of something else, but that’s getting preposterously unlikely. Particularly since I don’t believe any other edition of D&D has anything called the “Unity domain.”
The problem here is less that we can’t be sure, and more that the policy is strict for reasons that go beyond *merely* getting it right. There are also pedagogical and meta concerns raised in the most recent argumentation in favor of keeping the policy strict (disclosure: that was me). To wit, there is merit in having *everyone on the site* know that we have to close questions without a game and system attached (when they’re about rules, of course, which this is at least a bit since it references the rules content of the Unity domain). The advantage of this consistency is that it teaches new users about our rules and needs, and it ensures we don’t risk ever getting things wrong. The big problem with loosening the policy stems from the simple fact that we have no way of guaranteeing appropriate oversight on these kinds of edits; the SE software has no notion of system tags or their being special, to highlight these kinds of changes.
All ***that*** said, a possibility raised in that most recent pro-strict-ness meta post (again, disclosure, mine). Namely, a Meta discussion could be an appropriate way to ensure we have the oversight. In that post, this possibility was largely dismissed as not really being worth the time, but since we’re already here, we have had the meta discussion, and I don’t see any plausible scenario where *this particular edit* could be a problem. The policy exists as it does because we don’t have the best vision on any *ad hoc* decisions made by individual users and that’s a problem, but this isn’t a decision by any individual user—this is a Meta discussion, where we can gather consensus.
Thus, my conclusion here is
The policy would not allow an individual poster to edit this question, but with Meta consensus, it seems near-perfectly safe and in keeping with the caution called for by the policy.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This cannot be generalized; we can discuss *this question* but not any broader category of questions that are in some way “like” this one. A Meta consensus is necessary for this kind of edit. |
98,595 | All protein coding sequences in the [iGEM Registry](http://parts.igem.org/Main_Page) are supposed to [end with a double stop codon](http://parts.igem.org/Help:Protein_coding_sequences/Design). Presumably, this is to decrease the potential for read-through, which could be problematic if one is putting together a polycistronic design.
If the design is intended to have only one CDS, however, and is targeted at a prokaryote ([which have "backup" ribosome release mechanisms](https://science.sciencemag.org/content/354/6318/1437)), then is there any problem with using only a single stop codon? | 2021/03/04 | [
"https://biology.stackexchange.com/questions/98595",
"https://biology.stackexchange.com",
"https://biology.stackexchange.com/users/52598/"
] | The impact of any read-through from a leaky stop codon in an expression unit with only one CDS would probably depend on a few things, mainly (i) where is the next in-frame stop codon, (ii) what are you trying to express, and (iii) how leaky is the stop codon?
In cases where the next in-frame stop codon is only a few base pairs away, there would probably be little impact, however in other cases the next stop codon could be far away. In these cases, there are two things which may cause an impact.
The first is that a long peptide sequence could be added to your protein, which depending on what you are expressing, may cause your protein to misfold or lose functionality.
The second is that you could get ribosome stalling, especially if any of the codons between your stop codon and a second stop codon require rare tRNAs. As you mentioned in your question, there are mechanisms for rescue in these scenarios, however if your CDS is expressed under a strong promoter on a high copy number plasmid, this mechanism may need to be mounted much more often than usual and cause burden on the cell. I should note that this is speculation on my part as I can’t find any studies which have shown this.
The actual impact any of these scenarios may have on your system would likely be strongly dependent on how leaky the stop codon actually is. **As there are many examples of constructs which use only a singe TAA in their design with no apparent negative affects, presumably under ‘normal’ circumstances there is little risk to using a single stop codon.** | Perhaps I could add for eukaryotic systems which terminate all stop codons by a single protein, eRF1, this study by [Schmied et al.,](https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ja5069728) showed readthrough of all stop codons to be less than 0.2% by wild-type eRF1, which seems acceptably low! I am unsure how this would transfer to prokaryotic systems which diverges in its use of two release factors - RF1 and RF2. I would of thought termination by UAA which is shared by both factors would be quite stringent. |
98,595 | All protein coding sequences in the [iGEM Registry](http://parts.igem.org/Main_Page) are supposed to [end with a double stop codon](http://parts.igem.org/Help:Protein_coding_sequences/Design). Presumably, this is to decrease the potential for read-through, which could be problematic if one is putting together a polycistronic design.
If the design is intended to have only one CDS, however, and is targeted at a prokaryote ([which have "backup" ribosome release mechanisms](https://science.sciencemag.org/content/354/6318/1437)), then is there any problem with using only a single stop codon? | 2021/03/04 | [
"https://biology.stackexchange.com/questions/98595",
"https://biology.stackexchange.com",
"https://biology.stackexchange.com/users/52598/"
] | The impact of any read-through from a leaky stop codon in an expression unit with only one CDS would probably depend on a few things, mainly (i) where is the next in-frame stop codon, (ii) what are you trying to express, and (iii) how leaky is the stop codon?
In cases where the next in-frame stop codon is only a few base pairs away, there would probably be little impact, however in other cases the next stop codon could be far away. In these cases, there are two things which may cause an impact.
The first is that a long peptide sequence could be added to your protein, which depending on what you are expressing, may cause your protein to misfold or lose functionality.
The second is that you could get ribosome stalling, especially if any of the codons between your stop codon and a second stop codon require rare tRNAs. As you mentioned in your question, there are mechanisms for rescue in these scenarios, however if your CDS is expressed under a strong promoter on a high copy number plasmid, this mechanism may need to be mounted much more often than usual and cause burden on the cell. I should note that this is speculation on my part as I can’t find any studies which have shown this.
The actual impact any of these scenarios may have on your system would likely be strongly dependent on how leaky the stop codon actually is. **As there are many examples of constructs which use only a singe TAA in their design with no apparent negative affects, presumably under ‘normal’ circumstances there is little risk to using a single stop codon.** | If there is only one CDS, presumably there will be a transcriptional termination directly after the CDS (after the stop codon actually), which makes any read-through coming from using a single stop codon almost negligible. |
24,676 | I just finished changing the strings for my classical guitar. This is the first time so it wasn't absolutely smooth.
Now, tuning my E string (the highest) I noticed that it gets quite tense and all. I guess that it's normal however because of how I wound the strings, my E string on the tuning peg gets all stacked up on one side:
See that and whenever I need to tight the string up, it kinda makes a sound that makes me think it wouldn't be able to wind up anymore!
My question is what should I do? Do I let it stay like this and tighten the string up whenever it's needed? Or should I remove the string and wind it up all over again? In that case would it affect the quality of the string and the sound? | 2014/10/31 | [
"https://music.stackexchange.com/questions/24676",
"https://music.stackexchange.com",
"https://music.stackexchange.com/users/15106/"
] | I would do it over again, and have about half as many loops on the peg as you have now. See [this guide](https://www.taylorguitars.com/sites/default/files/Nylon_Restring.pdf) for some more hints. | It looks like the string is butting up against the headstock itself, so if you wind the string up more it'll be fouling on the wood which won't help with tone etc and in the end will make a rut in the wood where the string is fouling.
That's not "major damage" but it's undesirable, and the wood fouling on the string will affect the tone even if only a little bit.
I would unwind it so that you can move the string through the hole oin the peg, pull it tight and then start winding again to hopfully take up more slack.
The alternative would be to pull the string through the hole, and pull it towards the middle of the headstock and see if it'll 'want to' wind over the peg, over the hole and not as far up the peg at the other end |
43,612,866 | I'm learning about microservices and I'm gonna build a project with a microservices architecture.
The thing is, one of my team mates want to use one database for all services, sharing all tables so "data doesn't get repeated", each service would be built with different frameworks and languages like django and rails which use very different ORM standards.
What would be the correct approach? Since I think working with one database would involve a lot of "hacking" the ORMs in order to make them work correctly. | 2017/04/25 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/43612866",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/7437529/"
] | You are not likely to benefit from a Microservices architecture if all the services share the same database tables. This is because you are effectively tightly coupling the services. If a database table changes all the services will have to change.
You have to understand that the whole reason for a Microservices architecture is to reduce dependencies between development teams and allow them to move ahead independently with fast releases.
Here is a quote from Werner Vogels, the Amazon CTO (Amazon pioneered a lot of the Microservices style architecture):
>
> For us service orientation means encapsulating the data with the
> business logic that operates on the data, with the only access through
> a published service interface. No direct database access is allowed
> from outside the service, and there’s no data sharing among the
> services.
>
>
>
For more information read [this](https://martinfowler.com/articles/microservices.html#DecentralizedDataManagement) and [this](https://www.nginx.com/blog/microservices-at-netflix-architectural-best-practices/).
An update in 2021:
Some commenters pointed out that sharing a physical DB may be ok, for example by using separate tables or schemas for different services in the same DB. This is of course possible and still a useful separation of concerns for the service development. It is an architectural (and also organizational-) decision if you want the service teams being responsible for the whole service stack and deployment, including infrastructure, or if you want to separate that out into an infrastructure- or devops-team. Each approach can have its pros and cons depending on your organizational circumstances, scale, requirements, etc.
Another aspect is that newer, scalable DB technologies are becoming more popular. They generally abstract storage and compute for separate scalability and are used as a service (for example Snowflake, Teradata, BigQuery, etc.). They allow growing to very large sizes with millions of tables and petabytes of content using a single cluster. With those it would be the goal to have the microservice implementation teams not worry about the details of running a DB infrastructure, but just use the DB cluster endpoint as a service dependency. And it would be the normal case to have many services depend on that same DB cluster. However you would still want to pay attention to storage separation, e.g. separate logical tables, collections, or whatever makes sense in the specific DB technology. | In general a microservice should be responsible for it's own data. That's a perfect world scenario.
In practice some of the services may be highly related to each other. E.g. CustomerShippingDetails and CustomerShoppingCheckout services may both access the same data - customer address. How would you then solve a problem of providing customer address to the customer checkout service. If the checkout service queries the shopping details directly then you break loose coupling between services. Other option is to introduce a shared database.
There will always have to be some kind of compromise on the architecture. What is sacreficed is an architectural decision that highly depends on the big picture (the design of the whole system).
Not having too many details about your system I would go with a mixed approach. That is, having a shared database for services that take care of similar business logic. So CustomerShippingDetails and CustomerShoppingCheckout can share a database. But a StoreItemsDetails would have a separate database.
You can find more about shared database pattern for microservices at [Microservice Architecture](http://microservices.io/patterns/data/shared-database.html). |
342,914 | This question has come from a conversation at loggerheads. I can't find the answer online.
There are two positions on which is the correct expression to use when starting a job.For the example, I've used a job as a plumber.
Person A states "John becomes a plumber today"
Person B states "John has started working as a plumber today".
My understanding is that person A, while it is used in causal conversations is incorrect because it suggests a changing into something when they haven't changed, they added something to who they are. A job.
Can someone please advise which is formally correct and if using becomes is still incorrect use of the word or how they fit together. | 2016/08/15 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/342914",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/191368/"
] | Considering this is the part you're talking about:
>
> I stopped watching for ridicule, the scorpion's tail hidden in his words. He said what he meant; he was puzzled if you did not. Some people might have mistaken this for simplicity. But is it not a sort of genius to cut always to the heart?
>
>
>
I believe the narrator is trying to say that he has stopped watching for any hidden intent in the words of the person he/she is talking about (presumably Achilles). *That he speaks directly, striking at the heart of what he wants to say and does not attempt to beat around the bush or try to get his point across in an indirect manner*. Used in a manner similar to "cutting to the chase" in a way. | "To cut to the heart" could mean different things in different contexts. For example it could be a poetic way of saying "When you attack someone, you hurt them very badly", or perhaps, using the metaphor "the heart of the problem" (meaning the most important aspect), "When you analyse a problem, you immediately see the most important aspect of it".
So, the author is saying that the ability to **always** do this is a **sort of genius**, ie requires exceptional skill and is a very rare ability.
In this case, it appears that the problem that he "cuts to the heart of" is "to communicate very directly and with the utmost truthfulness". |
342,914 | This question has come from a conversation at loggerheads. I can't find the answer online.
There are two positions on which is the correct expression to use when starting a job.For the example, I've used a job as a plumber.
Person A states "John becomes a plumber today"
Person B states "John has started working as a plumber today".
My understanding is that person A, while it is used in causal conversations is incorrect because it suggests a changing into something when they haven't changed, they added something to who they are. A job.
Can someone please advise which is formally correct and if using becomes is still incorrect use of the word or how they fit together. | 2016/08/15 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/342914",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/191368/"
] | To "cut to the heart of the matter" is an idiom that means "get straight to the point". But "cut to the heart" can also mean to strongly engage someone's emotions, as a song might do.
Which meaning applies would depend on context. | "To cut to the heart" could mean different things in different contexts. For example it could be a poetic way of saying "When you attack someone, you hurt them very badly", or perhaps, using the metaphor "the heart of the problem" (meaning the most important aspect), "When you analyse a problem, you immediately see the most important aspect of it".
So, the author is saying that the ability to **always** do this is a **sort of genius**, ie requires exceptional skill and is a very rare ability.
In this case, it appears that the problem that he "cuts to the heart of" is "to communicate very directly and with the utmost truthfulness". |
342,914 | This question has come from a conversation at loggerheads. I can't find the answer online.
There are two positions on which is the correct expression to use when starting a job.For the example, I've used a job as a plumber.
Person A states "John becomes a plumber today"
Person B states "John has started working as a plumber today".
My understanding is that person A, while it is used in causal conversations is incorrect because it suggests a changing into something when they haven't changed, they added something to who they are. A job.
Can someone please advise which is formally correct and if using becomes is still incorrect use of the word or how they fit together. | 2016/08/15 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/342914",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/191368/"
] | Quote
-----
I haven't read the book but I searched for the line you are mentioning on [goodreads](https://www.goodreads.com/work/quotes/16176791-the-song-of-achilles). This is the complete quote:
>
> *I stopped watching for ridicule, the scorpion's tail hidden in his words. He said what he meant; he was puzzled if you did not. Some people might have mistaken this for simplicity. But is it not a sort of genius to cut always to the heart?*
>
>
>
---
Piecewise Explanation
---------------------
>
> *I stopped watching for ridicule, the scorpion's tail hidden in his words. He said what he meant; he was puzzled if you did not.*
>
>
>
This means that the narrator earlier used to take *he's* words as a ridicule - comparable to a scorpion's sting. But not anymore. Narrator has understood that *he* only speaks his mind. *He* is so simple (naive maybe) that *he* doesn't know that others don't always do the same.
>
> *Some people might have mistaken this for simplicity. But is it not a sort of genius to cut always to the heart?*
>
>
>
The narrator explains that while some people think that this behavior can be classified as simplicity, yet as per narrator this behavior is actually the quality of a genius person to speak what you mean and cut away all the fluff from what is really important. | "To cut to the heart" could mean different things in different contexts. For example it could be a poetic way of saying "When you attack someone, you hurt them very badly", or perhaps, using the metaphor "the heart of the problem" (meaning the most important aspect), "When you analyse a problem, you immediately see the most important aspect of it".
So, the author is saying that the ability to **always** do this is a **sort of genius**, ie requires exceptional skill and is a very rare ability.
In this case, it appears that the problem that he "cuts to the heart of" is "to communicate very directly and with the utmost truthfulness". |
342,914 | This question has come from a conversation at loggerheads. I can't find the answer online.
There are two positions on which is the correct expression to use when starting a job.For the example, I've used a job as a plumber.
Person A states "John becomes a plumber today"
Person B states "John has started working as a plumber today".
My understanding is that person A, while it is used in causal conversations is incorrect because it suggests a changing into something when they haven't changed, they added something to who they are. A job.
Can someone please advise which is formally correct and if using becomes is still incorrect use of the word or how they fit together. | 2016/08/15 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/342914",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/191368/"
] | Considering this is the part you're talking about:
>
> I stopped watching for ridicule, the scorpion's tail hidden in his words. He said what he meant; he was puzzled if you did not. Some people might have mistaken this for simplicity. But is it not a sort of genius to cut always to the heart?
>
>
>
I believe the narrator is trying to say that he has stopped watching for any hidden intent in the words of the person he/she is talking about (presumably Achilles). *That he speaks directly, striking at the heart of what he wants to say and does not attempt to beat around the bush or try to get his point across in an indirect manner*. Used in a manner similar to "cutting to the chase" in a way. | To "cut to the heart of the matter" is an idiom that means "get straight to the point". But "cut to the heart" can also mean to strongly engage someone's emotions, as a song might do.
Which meaning applies would depend on context. |
342,914 | This question has come from a conversation at loggerheads. I can't find the answer online.
There are two positions on which is the correct expression to use when starting a job.For the example, I've used a job as a plumber.
Person A states "John becomes a plumber today"
Person B states "John has started working as a plumber today".
My understanding is that person A, while it is used in causal conversations is incorrect because it suggests a changing into something when they haven't changed, they added something to who they are. A job.
Can someone please advise which is formally correct and if using becomes is still incorrect use of the word or how they fit together. | 2016/08/15 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/342914",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/191368/"
] | Considering this is the part you're talking about:
>
> I stopped watching for ridicule, the scorpion's tail hidden in his words. He said what he meant; he was puzzled if you did not. Some people might have mistaken this for simplicity. But is it not a sort of genius to cut always to the heart?
>
>
>
I believe the narrator is trying to say that he has stopped watching for any hidden intent in the words of the person he/she is talking about (presumably Achilles). *That he speaks directly, striking at the heart of what he wants to say and does not attempt to beat around the bush or try to get his point across in an indirect manner*. Used in a manner similar to "cutting to the chase" in a way. | Quote
-----
I haven't read the book but I searched for the line you are mentioning on [goodreads](https://www.goodreads.com/work/quotes/16176791-the-song-of-achilles). This is the complete quote:
>
> *I stopped watching for ridicule, the scorpion's tail hidden in his words. He said what he meant; he was puzzled if you did not. Some people might have mistaken this for simplicity. But is it not a sort of genius to cut always to the heart?*
>
>
>
---
Piecewise Explanation
---------------------
>
> *I stopped watching for ridicule, the scorpion's tail hidden in his words. He said what he meant; he was puzzled if you did not.*
>
>
>
This means that the narrator earlier used to take *he's* words as a ridicule - comparable to a scorpion's sting. But not anymore. Narrator has understood that *he* only speaks his mind. *He* is so simple (naive maybe) that *he* doesn't know that others don't always do the same.
>
> *Some people might have mistaken this for simplicity. But is it not a sort of genius to cut always to the heart?*
>
>
>
The narrator explains that while some people think that this behavior can be classified as simplicity, yet as per narrator this behavior is actually the quality of a genius person to speak what you mean and cut away all the fluff from what is really important. |
1,181,462 | I've been seeing some examples of Python being used with c++, and I'm trying to understand why would someone want to do it. What are the benefits of calling C++ code from an external language such as Python?
I'd appreciate a simple example - Boost::Python will do | 2009/07/25 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1181462",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/142168/"
] | Generally, you'd call C++ from python in order to use an existing library or other functionality. Often someone else has written a set of functions that make your life easier, and calling compiled C code is easier than re-writing the library in python.
The other reason is for performance purposes. Often, specific functions of an otherwise completely scripted program are written in a pre-compiled language like C because they take a long time to run and can be more efficiently done in a lower-level language.
A third reason is for interfacing with devices. Python doesn't natively include a lot of code for dealing with sound cards, serial ports, and so on. If your device needs a device driver, python will talk to it via pre-compiled code you include in your app. | Here's two possibilities:
1. Perhaps the C++ code is already written & available for use.
2. It's likely the C++ code is faster/smaller than equivalent Python |
1,181,462 | I've been seeing some examples of Python being used with c++, and I'm trying to understand why would someone want to do it. What are the benefits of calling C++ code from an external language such as Python?
I'd appreciate a simple example - Boost::Python will do | 2009/07/25 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1181462",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/142168/"
] | Here's a real-life example: I've written a DLL in C to interface with some custom hardware for work. Then for the very first stage of testing, I was writing short programs in C to verify that the different commands were working properly. The process of write, compile, run took probably 3-5 times as long as when I finally wrote a Python interface to the DLL using `ctypes`.
Now, I can write testing scripts much more rapidly with much less regards to proper variable initialization and memory management that I would have to worry about in C. In fact, I've even been able to use unit testing libraries in Python to create much more robust tests than before. Would that have been possible in C? Absolutely, but it would have taken me much longer, and it would have been many more lines of code.
Fewer lines of code in Python means (in general) that there are fewer things with my main logic that can go wrong.
Moreover, since the hardware communication is almost completely IO bound, there's no *need* to write any supporting code in C. I may as well program in whatever is fastest to develop.
So there you go, real-life example. | One nice thing about using a scripting language is that you can reload new code into the application without quitting the app, then making changes, recompile, and then relaunching the app. When people talk about quicker development times, some of that refers to this capability.
A downside of using a scripting languages is that their debuggers are usually not as fully featured as what you would have in C++. I haven't done any Python programming so I don't know what the features are of its debugger, if it has one at all.
This answer doesn't exactly answer what you asked but I thought it was relevant. The answer is more the pro/cons of using a scripting language. Please don't flame me. :) |
1,181,462 | I've been seeing some examples of Python being used with c++, and I'm trying to understand why would someone want to do it. What are the benefits of calling C++ code from an external language such as Python?
I'd appreciate a simple example - Boost::Python will do | 2009/07/25 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1181462",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/142168/"
] | Here's a real-life example: I've written a DLL in C to interface with some custom hardware for work. Then for the very first stage of testing, I was writing short programs in C to verify that the different commands were working properly. The process of write, compile, run took probably 3-5 times as long as when I finally wrote a Python interface to the DLL using `ctypes`.
Now, I can write testing scripts much more rapidly with much less regards to proper variable initialization and memory management that I would have to worry about in C. In fact, I've even been able to use unit testing libraries in Python to create much more robust tests than before. Would that have been possible in C? Absolutely, but it would have taken me much longer, and it would have been many more lines of code.
Fewer lines of code in Python means (in general) that there are fewer things with my main logic that can go wrong.
Moreover, since the hardware communication is almost completely IO bound, there's no *need* to write any supporting code in C. I may as well program in whatever is fastest to develop.
So there you go, real-life example. | 1. Performance :
From my limited experience, Python is about 10 times slower than using C.
Using Psyco will dramatically improve it, but still about 5 times slower than C.
BUT, calling c module from python is only a little faster than Psyco.
2. When you have some libraries in C.
For example, I am working heavily on SIP. It's a very complicated protocol stacks and there is no complete Python implementation. So my only choice is calling SIP libraries written in C.
There are also this kind of cases, like video/audio decoding. |
1,181,462 | I've been seeing some examples of Python being used with c++, and I'm trying to understand why would someone want to do it. What are the benefits of calling C++ code from an external language such as Python?
I'd appreciate a simple example - Boost::Python will do | 2009/07/25 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1181462",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/142168/"
] | It depends on your point of view:
**Calling C++ code from a python application**
You generally want to do this when performance is an issue. Highly dynamic languages like python are typically somewhat slower then native code such as C++. "Features" of C++ such as manual memory management allows for the development of very fast libraries, which can then be called from python in order to gain performance.
Another reason is due to the fact that most libraries on both windows and \*nix are written in C or C++, and it's a huge advantage to have this existing code base available.
**Calling python code from a C++ application**
Complex applications sometimes require the ability to define additional abilities. Adding behaviors in a compiled application is messy, requires the original source code and is time consuming. Therefore it's often strategic to embed a scripting language such as python in order to make the application more flexible and customizable.
As for an example: I think you need to clarify a bit what you're interested in if you want the sample to be of any help. The boost manual provides a simple [hello world sample](http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_39_0/libs/python/doc/tutorial/doc/html/index.html), if that's what you're looking for. | Here's two possibilities:
1. Perhaps the C++ code is already written & available for use.
2. It's likely the C++ code is faster/smaller than equivalent Python |
1,181,462 | I've been seeing some examples of Python being used with c++, and I'm trying to understand why would someone want to do it. What are the benefits of calling C++ code from an external language such as Python?
I'd appreciate a simple example - Boost::Python will do | 2009/07/25 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1181462",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/142168/"
] | It depends on your point of view:
**Calling C++ code from a python application**
You generally want to do this when performance is an issue. Highly dynamic languages like python are typically somewhat slower then native code such as C++. "Features" of C++ such as manual memory management allows for the development of very fast libraries, which can then be called from python in order to gain performance.
Another reason is due to the fact that most libraries on both windows and \*nix are written in C or C++, and it's a huge advantage to have this existing code base available.
**Calling python code from a C++ application**
Complex applications sometimes require the ability to define additional abilities. Adding behaviors in a compiled application is messy, requires the original source code and is time consuming. Therefore it's often strategic to embed a scripting language such as python in order to make the application more flexible and customizable.
As for an example: I think you need to clarify a bit what you're interested in if you want the sample to be of any help. The boost manual provides a simple [hello world sample](http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_39_0/libs/python/doc/tutorial/doc/html/index.html), if that's what you're looking for. | 1. Performance :
From my limited experience, Python is about 10 times slower than using C.
Using Psyco will dramatically improve it, but still about 5 times slower than C.
BUT, calling c module from python is only a little faster than Psyco.
2. When you have some libraries in C.
For example, I am working heavily on SIP. It's a very complicated protocol stacks and there is no complete Python implementation. So my only choice is calling SIP libraries written in C.
There are also this kind of cases, like video/audio decoding. |
1,181,462 | I've been seeing some examples of Python being used with c++, and I'm trying to understand why would someone want to do it. What are the benefits of calling C++ code from an external language such as Python?
I'd appreciate a simple example - Boost::Python will do | 2009/07/25 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1181462",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/142168/"
] | Generally, you'd call C++ from python in order to use an existing library or other functionality. Often someone else has written a set of functions that make your life easier, and calling compiled C code is easier than re-writing the library in python.
The other reason is for performance purposes. Often, specific functions of an otherwise completely scripted program are written in a pre-compiled language like C because they take a long time to run and can be more efficiently done in a lower-level language.
A third reason is for interfacing with devices. Python doesn't natively include a lot of code for dealing with sound cards, serial ports, and so on. If your device needs a device driver, python will talk to it via pre-compiled code you include in your app. | 1. Performance :
From my limited experience, Python is about 10 times slower than using C.
Using Psyco will dramatically improve it, but still about 5 times slower than C.
BUT, calling c module from python is only a little faster than Psyco.
2. When you have some libraries in C.
For example, I am working heavily on SIP. It's a very complicated protocol stacks and there is no complete Python implementation. So my only choice is calling SIP libraries written in C.
There are also this kind of cases, like video/audio decoding. |
1,181,462 | I've been seeing some examples of Python being used with c++, and I'm trying to understand why would someone want to do it. What are the benefits of calling C++ code from an external language such as Python?
I'd appreciate a simple example - Boost::Python will do | 2009/07/25 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1181462",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/142168/"
] | Because C++ provides a direct way of calling OS services, and (if used in a careful way) can produce code that is more efficient in memory and time, whereas Python is a high-level language, and is less painful to use in those situations where utter efficiency isn't a concern and where you already have libraries giving you access to the services you need.
**If you're a C++ user**, you may wonder why this is necessary, but the expressiveness and safety of a high-level language has such a massive relative effect on your productivity, it has to be experienced to be understood or believed.
I can't speak for Python specifically, but I've heard people talk in terms of "tripling" their productivity by doing most of their development in it and using C++ only where shown to be necessary by profiling, or to create extra libraries.
**If you're a Python user**, you may not have encountered a situation where you need anything beyond the libraries already available, and you may not have a problem with the performance you get from pure Python (this is quite likely). In which case - lucky you! You can forget about all this. | One nice thing about using a scripting language is that you can reload new code into the application without quitting the app, then making changes, recompile, and then relaunching the app. When people talk about quicker development times, some of that refers to this capability.
A downside of using a scripting languages is that their debuggers are usually not as fully featured as what you would have in C++. I haven't done any Python programming so I don't know what the features are of its debugger, if it has one at all.
This answer doesn't exactly answer what you asked but I thought it was relevant. The answer is more the pro/cons of using a scripting language. Please don't flame me. :) |
1,181,462 | I've been seeing some examples of Python being used with c++, and I'm trying to understand why would someone want to do it. What are the benefits of calling C++ code from an external language such as Python?
I'd appreciate a simple example - Boost::Python will do | 2009/07/25 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1181462",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/142168/"
] | Here's two possibilities:
1. Perhaps the C++ code is already written & available for use.
2. It's likely the C++ code is faster/smaller than equivalent Python | One nice thing about using a scripting language is that you can reload new code into the application without quitting the app, then making changes, recompile, and then relaunching the app. When people talk about quicker development times, some of that refers to this capability.
A downside of using a scripting languages is that their debuggers are usually not as fully featured as what you would have in C++. I haven't done any Python programming so I don't know what the features are of its debugger, if it has one at all.
This answer doesn't exactly answer what you asked but I thought it was relevant. The answer is more the pro/cons of using a scripting language. Please don't flame me. :) |
1,181,462 | I've been seeing some examples of Python being used with c++, and I'm trying to understand why would someone want to do it. What are the benefits of calling C++ code from an external language such as Python?
I'd appreciate a simple example - Boost::Python will do | 2009/07/25 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1181462",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/142168/"
] | Generally, you'd call C++ from python in order to use an existing library or other functionality. Often someone else has written a set of functions that make your life easier, and calling compiled C code is easier than re-writing the library in python.
The other reason is for performance purposes. Often, specific functions of an otherwise completely scripted program are written in a pre-compiled language like C because they take a long time to run and can be more efficiently done in a lower-level language.
A third reason is for interfacing with devices. Python doesn't natively include a lot of code for dealing with sound cards, serial ports, and so on. If your device needs a device driver, python will talk to it via pre-compiled code you include in your app. | Here's a real-life example: I've written a DLL in C to interface with some custom hardware for work. Then for the very first stage of testing, I was writing short programs in C to verify that the different commands were working properly. The process of write, compile, run took probably 3-5 times as long as when I finally wrote a Python interface to the DLL using `ctypes`.
Now, I can write testing scripts much more rapidly with much less regards to proper variable initialization and memory management that I would have to worry about in C. In fact, I've even been able to use unit testing libraries in Python to create much more robust tests than before. Would that have been possible in C? Absolutely, but it would have taken me much longer, and it would have been many more lines of code.
Fewer lines of code in Python means (in general) that there are fewer things with my main logic that can go wrong.
Moreover, since the hardware communication is almost completely IO bound, there's no *need* to write any supporting code in C. I may as well program in whatever is fastest to develop.
So there you go, real-life example. |
1,181,462 | I've been seeing some examples of Python being used with c++, and I'm trying to understand why would someone want to do it. What are the benefits of calling C++ code from an external language such as Python?
I'd appreciate a simple example - Boost::Python will do | 2009/07/25 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1181462",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/142168/"
] | It depends on your point of view:
**Calling C++ code from a python application**
You generally want to do this when performance is an issue. Highly dynamic languages like python are typically somewhat slower then native code such as C++. "Features" of C++ such as manual memory management allows for the development of very fast libraries, which can then be called from python in order to gain performance.
Another reason is due to the fact that most libraries on both windows and \*nix are written in C or C++, and it's a huge advantage to have this existing code base available.
**Calling python code from a C++ application**
Complex applications sometimes require the ability to define additional abilities. Adding behaviors in a compiled application is messy, requires the original source code and is time consuming. Therefore it's often strategic to embed a scripting language such as python in order to make the application more flexible and customizable.
As for an example: I think you need to clarify a bit what you're interested in if you want the sample to be of any help. The boost manual provides a simple [hello world sample](http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_39_0/libs/python/doc/tutorial/doc/html/index.html), if that's what you're looking for. | Because C++ provides a direct way of calling OS services, and (if used in a careful way) can produce code that is more efficient in memory and time, whereas Python is a high-level language, and is less painful to use in those situations where utter efficiency isn't a concern and where you already have libraries giving you access to the services you need.
**If you're a C++ user**, you may wonder why this is necessary, but the expressiveness and safety of a high-level language has such a massive relative effect on your productivity, it has to be experienced to be understood or believed.
I can't speak for Python specifically, but I've heard people talk in terms of "tripling" their productivity by doing most of their development in it and using C++ only where shown to be necessary by profiling, or to create extra libraries.
**If you're a Python user**, you may not have encountered a situation where you need anything beyond the libraries already available, and you may not have a problem with the performance you get from pure Python (this is quite likely). In which case - lucky you! You can forget about all this. |
450,055 | This is the weirdest issue I've ever encountered with my PC. Every so often, my sound will start playing back at a lower volume. This happens when watching video, listening to music, all independently.
It usually lasts anywhere up to a minute, after which it will turn up again.
The weird thing about it is that the volume control in Windows remains at 100%, even though the volume is audibly a lot lower. (No, I'm not going deaf, it's just my PC. I checked.)
I just have no idea where to go to troubleshoot this, even.
I'm using Windows 7 64-bit with an on-board Realtek sound-card.
Oh, just in case someone finds this question on Google or whatever, making sure this is on Do Nothing may fix your problem. Unfortunately, it did not work for me.
My settings all seem fine. This is my audio slider. (Took the screenshot while the issue showed.)
 | 2012/07/17 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/450055",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/33338/"
] | It could be a Steam setting that lowers your system volume when you get a message.
Turn it off in your Steam settings. | The main Windows volume may be 100%, but is the individual application volume still 100%?
When it happens, click the speaker in the tray and select "mixer". See if your player volume is down for some reason
I also have W7 x64 and see similar behavior after making or receiving a call through Lync. I do have it muting other sounds while in a call, but it doesn't seem to go back to normal all the time after the call is finished. I usually have to go into the mixer and just click the little slider handle and the volume goes back to where it should be at that point.
If I watch the little green bar that moves when sound is coming through, it just barely blinks, but as soon as I click the slider handle it jumps up to where it should be.
Try that the next time it happens. If the sound goes back to normal once you click the handle (not moving it, just clicking it in place) then we may have a similar issue in that some other piece of software is interfering with the individual volume control. Unfortunately, i'm still looking for a fix, but my issues is most likely Lync.
If clicking the slider doesn't work, there is a chance that your speakers themselves might be the cause. Are you using headphones? External powered speakers? You might simply try a different set of output device to rule them out. |
450,055 | This is the weirdest issue I've ever encountered with my PC. Every so often, my sound will start playing back at a lower volume. This happens when watching video, listening to music, all independently.
It usually lasts anywhere up to a minute, after which it will turn up again.
The weird thing about it is that the volume control in Windows remains at 100%, even though the volume is audibly a lot lower. (No, I'm not going deaf, it's just my PC. I checked.)
I just have no idea where to go to troubleshoot this, even.
I'm using Windows 7 64-bit with an on-board Realtek sound-card.
Oh, just in case someone finds this question on Google or whatever, making sure this is on Do Nothing may fix your problem. Unfortunately, it did not work for me.
My settings all seem fine. This is my audio slider. (Took the screenshot while the issue showed.)
 | 2012/07/17 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/450055",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/33338/"
] | The main Windows volume may be 100%, but is the individual application volume still 100%?
When it happens, click the speaker in the tray and select "mixer". See if your player volume is down for some reason
I also have W7 x64 and see similar behavior after making or receiving a call through Lync. I do have it muting other sounds while in a call, but it doesn't seem to go back to normal all the time after the call is finished. I usually have to go into the mixer and just click the little slider handle and the volume goes back to where it should be at that point.
If I watch the little green bar that moves when sound is coming through, it just barely blinks, but as soon as I click the slider handle it jumps up to where it should be.
Try that the next time it happens. If the sound goes back to normal once you click the handle (not moving it, just clicking it in place) then we may have a similar issue in that some other piece of software is interfering with the individual volume control. Unfortunately, i'm still looking for a fix, but my issues is most likely Lync.
If clicking the slider doesn't work, there is a chance that your speakers themselves might be the cause. Are you using headphones? External powered speakers? You might simply try a different set of output device to rule them out. | I've got logitech Z-10 speakers, and they sometimes cause a phenomena which either turns my volume down or up, depending on which button I have pressed most recently. It seems like muting the speaker and then unmuting it fixed it.
I think it's related to Z-10 being USB speaker, and being it's own sound device, it'll affect all the devices tho. It doesn't matter if I set my TV as the default device, it'll turn the TV device volume down/up from windows as well.
Not very common solution, as not many people have the Z-10, but if you've got anything with "touch controls" as in no knobs you might wanna give it a go...
Good luck, it's really, **really** annoying. :) |
450,055 | This is the weirdest issue I've ever encountered with my PC. Every so often, my sound will start playing back at a lower volume. This happens when watching video, listening to music, all independently.
It usually lasts anywhere up to a minute, after which it will turn up again.
The weird thing about it is that the volume control in Windows remains at 100%, even though the volume is audibly a lot lower. (No, I'm not going deaf, it's just my PC. I checked.)
I just have no idea where to go to troubleshoot this, even.
I'm using Windows 7 64-bit with an on-board Realtek sound-card.
Oh, just in case someone finds this question on Google or whatever, making sure this is on Do Nothing may fix your problem. Unfortunately, it did not work for me.
My settings all seem fine. This is my audio slider. (Took the screenshot while the issue showed.)
 | 2012/07/17 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/450055",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/33338/"
] | Might be due to your codec pack (i.e. the ffdshow audio decoder which comes with K-lite) settings which are independent from your Windows 7 audio.
See if there are any icons appearing in addition to the already existing ones on your Windows taskbar during music/video playback. These should be related to your audio codecs installed on your PC.
If yes, right-click on the blue icon (for ffdshow audio decoder) and point to Settings or Options. From there look for Audio settings and try to increase the audio bars as much as possible or until the audio for the played file equalizes in volume to your default Windows volume.
The next time you play music or video files, the audio should be equalized to your default Windows volume.
You can also access these settings when playback is not running by going to Start > K-Lite > Configuration > "ffdshow audio decoder" | I've got logitech Z-10 speakers, and they sometimes cause a phenomena which either turns my volume down or up, depending on which button I have pressed most recently. It seems like muting the speaker and then unmuting it fixed it.
I think it's related to Z-10 being USB speaker, and being it's own sound device, it'll affect all the devices tho. It doesn't matter if I set my TV as the default device, it'll turn the TV device volume down/up from windows as well.
Not very common solution, as not many people have the Z-10, but if you've got anything with "touch controls" as in no knobs you might wanna give it a go...
Good luck, it's really, **really** annoying. :) |
450,055 | This is the weirdest issue I've ever encountered with my PC. Every so often, my sound will start playing back at a lower volume. This happens when watching video, listening to music, all independently.
It usually lasts anywhere up to a minute, after which it will turn up again.
The weird thing about it is that the volume control in Windows remains at 100%, even though the volume is audibly a lot lower. (No, I'm not going deaf, it's just my PC. I checked.)
I just have no idea where to go to troubleshoot this, even.
I'm using Windows 7 64-bit with an on-board Realtek sound-card.
Oh, just in case someone finds this question on Google or whatever, making sure this is on Do Nothing may fix your problem. Unfortunately, it did not work for me.
My settings all seem fine. This is my audio slider. (Took the screenshot while the issue showed.)
 | 2012/07/17 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/450055",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/33338/"
] | It could be a Steam setting that lowers your system volume when you get a message.
Turn it off in your Steam settings. | Might be due to your codec pack (i.e. the ffdshow audio decoder which comes with K-lite) settings which are independent from your Windows 7 audio.
See if there are any icons appearing in addition to the already existing ones on your Windows taskbar during music/video playback. These should be related to your audio codecs installed on your PC.
If yes, right-click on the blue icon (for ffdshow audio decoder) and point to Settings or Options. From there look for Audio settings and try to increase the audio bars as much as possible or until the audio for the played file equalizes in volume to your default Windows volume.
The next time you play music or video files, the audio should be equalized to your default Windows volume.
You can also access these settings when playback is not running by going to Start > K-Lite > Configuration > "ffdshow audio decoder" |
450,055 | This is the weirdest issue I've ever encountered with my PC. Every so often, my sound will start playing back at a lower volume. This happens when watching video, listening to music, all independently.
It usually lasts anywhere up to a minute, after which it will turn up again.
The weird thing about it is that the volume control in Windows remains at 100%, even though the volume is audibly a lot lower. (No, I'm not going deaf, it's just my PC. I checked.)
I just have no idea where to go to troubleshoot this, even.
I'm using Windows 7 64-bit with an on-board Realtek sound-card.
Oh, just in case someone finds this question on Google or whatever, making sure this is on Do Nothing may fix your problem. Unfortunately, it did not work for me.
My settings all seem fine. This is my audio slider. (Took the screenshot while the issue showed.)
 | 2012/07/17 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/450055",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/33338/"
] | I would wager that you have Skype or some other VOIP software installed. I've encountered this same issue when using Skype.
As soon as I launch a call in Skype it lowers my speaker volume for me automatically. Took me ages to figure out why it kept lowering. The problem was that Skype doesn't automatically set it back to what it was after a call. | I've got logitech Z-10 speakers, and they sometimes cause a phenomena which either turns my volume down or up, depending on which button I have pressed most recently. It seems like muting the speaker and then unmuting it fixed it.
I think it's related to Z-10 being USB speaker, and being it's own sound device, it'll affect all the devices tho. It doesn't matter if I set my TV as the default device, it'll turn the TV device volume down/up from windows as well.
Not very common solution, as not many people have the Z-10, but if you've got anything with "touch controls" as in no knobs you might wanna give it a go...
Good luck, it's really, **really** annoying. :) |
450,055 | This is the weirdest issue I've ever encountered with my PC. Every so often, my sound will start playing back at a lower volume. This happens when watching video, listening to music, all independently.
It usually lasts anywhere up to a minute, after which it will turn up again.
The weird thing about it is that the volume control in Windows remains at 100%, even though the volume is audibly a lot lower. (No, I'm not going deaf, it's just my PC. I checked.)
I just have no idea where to go to troubleshoot this, even.
I'm using Windows 7 64-bit with an on-board Realtek sound-card.
Oh, just in case someone finds this question on Google or whatever, making sure this is on Do Nothing may fix your problem. Unfortunately, it did not work for me.
My settings all seem fine. This is my audio slider. (Took the screenshot while the issue showed.)
 | 2012/07/17 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/450055",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/33338/"
] | For me, the problem was solved by running Windows Update followed by ensuring the drivers for the audio / video card AND the chipset were up to date. | Do you have lots of things sucking juice from the power supply? Maybe a device becomes active then the power flux causes the audio issue?
I have this same problem randomly on my cheap Gateway desktop, but it only happens after I plug or unplug a USB device.
Another less likely thought... do you have any cables laying on the carpet? No lie, I've had static electricity from me walking on the carpet shoot across the carpet (I imagine it like a wave) and cause static/feedback on my speaker wires before.
If it's hardware related though it's more likely a bad sound card or a power supply issue. |
450,055 | This is the weirdest issue I've ever encountered with my PC. Every so often, my sound will start playing back at a lower volume. This happens when watching video, listening to music, all independently.
It usually lasts anywhere up to a minute, after which it will turn up again.
The weird thing about it is that the volume control in Windows remains at 100%, even though the volume is audibly a lot lower. (No, I'm not going deaf, it's just my PC. I checked.)
I just have no idea where to go to troubleshoot this, even.
I'm using Windows 7 64-bit with an on-board Realtek sound-card.
Oh, just in case someone finds this question on Google or whatever, making sure this is on Do Nothing may fix your problem. Unfortunately, it did not work for me.
My settings all seem fine. This is my audio slider. (Took the screenshot while the issue showed.)
 | 2012/07/17 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/450055",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/33338/"
] | I would check for a bad connection or splitting cable to your headphones or speakers. I've had this happen to me before.
Try bending your audio cables in different directions at both your PC's end and the audio equipment's end. | I would wager that you have Skype or some other VOIP software installed. I've encountered this same issue when using Skype.
As soon as I launch a call in Skype it lowers my speaker volume for me automatically. Took me ages to figure out why it kept lowering. The problem was that Skype doesn't automatically set it back to what it was after a call. |
450,055 | This is the weirdest issue I've ever encountered with my PC. Every so often, my sound will start playing back at a lower volume. This happens when watching video, listening to music, all independently.
It usually lasts anywhere up to a minute, after which it will turn up again.
The weird thing about it is that the volume control in Windows remains at 100%, even though the volume is audibly a lot lower. (No, I'm not going deaf, it's just my PC. I checked.)
I just have no idea where to go to troubleshoot this, even.
I'm using Windows 7 64-bit with an on-board Realtek sound-card.
Oh, just in case someone finds this question on Google or whatever, making sure this is on Do Nothing may fix your problem. Unfortunately, it did not work for me.
My settings all seem fine. This is my audio slider. (Took the screenshot while the issue showed.)
 | 2012/07/17 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/450055",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/33338/"
] | I would check for a bad connection or splitting cable to your headphones or speakers. I've had this happen to me before.
Try bending your audio cables in different directions at both your PC's end and the audio equipment's end. | Might be due to your codec pack (i.e. the ffdshow audio decoder which comes with K-lite) settings which are independent from your Windows 7 audio.
See if there are any icons appearing in addition to the already existing ones on your Windows taskbar during music/video playback. These should be related to your audio codecs installed on your PC.
If yes, right-click on the blue icon (for ffdshow audio decoder) and point to Settings or Options. From there look for Audio settings and try to increase the audio bars as much as possible or until the audio for the played file equalizes in volume to your default Windows volume.
The next time you play music or video files, the audio should be equalized to your default Windows volume.
You can also access these settings when playback is not running by going to Start > K-Lite > Configuration > "ffdshow audio decoder" |
450,055 | This is the weirdest issue I've ever encountered with my PC. Every so often, my sound will start playing back at a lower volume. This happens when watching video, listening to music, all independently.
It usually lasts anywhere up to a minute, after which it will turn up again.
The weird thing about it is that the volume control in Windows remains at 100%, even though the volume is audibly a lot lower. (No, I'm not going deaf, it's just my PC. I checked.)
I just have no idea where to go to troubleshoot this, even.
I'm using Windows 7 64-bit with an on-board Realtek sound-card.
Oh, just in case someone finds this question on Google or whatever, making sure this is on Do Nothing may fix your problem. Unfortunately, it did not work for me.
My settings all seem fine. This is my audio slider. (Took the screenshot while the issue showed.)
 | 2012/07/17 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/450055",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/33338/"
] | Might be due to your codec pack (i.e. the ffdshow audio decoder which comes with K-lite) settings which are independent from your Windows 7 audio.
See if there are any icons appearing in addition to the already existing ones on your Windows taskbar during music/video playback. These should be related to your audio codecs installed on your PC.
If yes, right-click on the blue icon (for ffdshow audio decoder) and point to Settings or Options. From there look for Audio settings and try to increase the audio bars as much as possible or until the audio for the played file equalizes in volume to your default Windows volume.
The next time you play music or video files, the audio should be equalized to your default Windows volume.
You can also access these settings when playback is not running by going to Start > K-Lite > Configuration > "ffdshow audio decoder" | Do you have lots of things sucking juice from the power supply? Maybe a device becomes active then the power flux causes the audio issue?
I have this same problem randomly on my cheap Gateway desktop, but it only happens after I plug or unplug a USB device.
Another less likely thought... do you have any cables laying on the carpet? No lie, I've had static electricity from me walking on the carpet shoot across the carpet (I imagine it like a wave) and cause static/feedback on my speaker wires before.
If it's hardware related though it's more likely a bad sound card or a power supply issue. |
450,055 | This is the weirdest issue I've ever encountered with my PC. Every so often, my sound will start playing back at a lower volume. This happens when watching video, listening to music, all independently.
It usually lasts anywhere up to a minute, after which it will turn up again.
The weird thing about it is that the volume control in Windows remains at 100%, even though the volume is audibly a lot lower. (No, I'm not going deaf, it's just my PC. I checked.)
I just have no idea where to go to troubleshoot this, even.
I'm using Windows 7 64-bit with an on-board Realtek sound-card.
Oh, just in case someone finds this question on Google or whatever, making sure this is on Do Nothing may fix your problem. Unfortunately, it did not work for me.
My settings all seem fine. This is my audio slider. (Took the screenshot while the issue showed.)
 | 2012/07/17 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/450055",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/33338/"
] | It could be a Steam setting that lowers your system volume when you get a message.
Turn it off in your Steam settings. | For me, the problem was solved by running Windows Update followed by ensuring the drivers for the audio / video card AND the chipset were up to date. |
49,838 | I was able to read about cyber-warfare and how the United States regularly uses the term. However, the term is said to [still be ambiguous](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberwarfare#Definition) with the former Cyber Security Coordinator for the Obama Administration saying that
>
> "there is no cyberwar... I think that is a terrible metaphor and I think that is a terrible concept. There are no winners in that environment."
>
>
>
What I want to know is, does any department of the United States government have a definition for cyber-warfare that members of that department consider to be 'official'? | 2020/01/29 | [
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/49838",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/users/29927/"
] | There [seems to be no formal definition](https://fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/R43955.pdf) (as of 2015):
>
> Although there is no clear doctrinal definition of “cyberwarfare,” it is typically conceptualized as state-on-state action equivalent to an armed attack or use of force in cyberspace that may trigger a military response with a proportional kinetic use of force.
>
>
>
[US Legal](https://definitions.uslegal.com/c/cyber-warfare/) gives this definition:
>
> Cyber warfare refers to a massively coordinated digital assault on a government by another, or by large groups of citizens. It is the action by a nation-state to penetrate another nation's computers or networks for the purposes of causing damage or disruption. The term cyber warfare may also be used to describe attacks between corporations, from terrorist organizations, or simply attacks by individuals called hackers, who are perceived as being warlike in their intent.
>
>
>
However, it is unclear whether this is an official definition used by the US government or is something they defined themselves, as it doesn't cite any US codes. | [United States Cyber Command](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Cyber_Command) (USCYBERCOM) handles cyberspace concerns for the Department of Defense, and seem the best source of any sort of definition for 'cyberwarfare' or 'cyberwar'. Overall, they don't appear to reference 'cyberwarfare' as it's own domain, rather they refer to cyber operations as another integral part of both domestic defense and conflict abroad.
According to [USCYBERCOM's Mission and Vision](https://www.cybercom.mil/About/Mission-and-Vision/) page:
>
> **The Command has three main focus areas: Defending the DoDIN, providing support to combatant commanders for execution of their missions around the world, and strengthening our nation's ability to withstand and respond to cyber attack.**
>
>
> The Command unifies the direction of cyberspace operations, strengthens DoD cyberspace capabilities, and integrates and bolsters DoD's cyber expertise. **USCYBERCOM improves DoD's capabilities to operate resilient, reliable information and communication networks, counter cyberspace threats, and assure access to cyberspace**. USCYBERCOM is designing the cyber force structure, training requirements and certification standards that will enable the Services to build the cyber force required to execute our assigned missions. The command also works closely with interagency and international partners in executing these critical missions.
>
>
> |
49,838 | I was able to read about cyber-warfare and how the United States regularly uses the term. However, the term is said to [still be ambiguous](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberwarfare#Definition) with the former Cyber Security Coordinator for the Obama Administration saying that
>
> "there is no cyberwar... I think that is a terrible metaphor and I think that is a terrible concept. There are no winners in that environment."
>
>
>
What I want to know is, does any department of the United States government have a definition for cyber-warfare that members of that department consider to be 'official'? | 2020/01/29 | [
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/49838",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/users/29927/"
] | There [seems to be no formal definition](https://fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/R43955.pdf) (as of 2015):
>
> Although there is no clear doctrinal definition of “cyberwarfare,” it is typically conceptualized as state-on-state action equivalent to an armed attack or use of force in cyberspace that may trigger a military response with a proportional kinetic use of force.
>
>
>
[US Legal](https://definitions.uslegal.com/c/cyber-warfare/) gives this definition:
>
> Cyber warfare refers to a massively coordinated digital assault on a government by another, or by large groups of citizens. It is the action by a nation-state to penetrate another nation's computers or networks for the purposes of causing damage or disruption. The term cyber warfare may also be used to describe attacks between corporations, from terrorist organizations, or simply attacks by individuals called hackers, who are perceived as being warlike in their intent.
>
>
>
However, it is unclear whether this is an official definition used by the US government or is something they defined themselves, as it doesn't cite any US codes. | While not an official definition of *cyberwar*, the Congressional Research Service has published studies including this term. That research breaks it down to more precise terminology used by the U.S. military. For example, see [Information Operations, Electronic Warfare, and Cyberwar: Capabilities and Related Policy Issues](https://fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL31787.pdf).
The broadest preferred term, close to cyberwar, would be **Information Operations**, which can be broken down into:
* Psychological Operations,
* Military Deception,
* Operational Security,
* Computer Network Operations, and
* Electronic Warfare
Using a term including "war" seems an attempt to put in place some artificial threshold of how much is too much. It seems unlikely there will ever be a declared cyber-war because the effects of all of these operations would be diminished by openly stating they are underway. |
14,149 | I am building my workbench, and I have a couple of Arauco softwood plywood that I glued together. On top of them, I want to place a hardboard that I can remove when its beat up.
I am considering different ways to place this hardboard on top of the plywood, and I want to avoid gluing so it's easier to replace when needed. I am not familiar with the concept of edging, and I would like to understand how to install a solid wood-edging to hold these pieces together, and make it easier to remove the hardboard.
Notice that I asked this question based on the explicit unknowns on how to do the solid-wood edging written on [this answer](https://woodworking.stackexchange.com/questions/7291/affixing-masonite-to-plywood-by-example/7292?noredirect=1#comment31427_7292). | 2022/09/27 | [
"https://woodworking.stackexchange.com/questions/14149",
"https://woodworking.stackexchange.com",
"https://woodworking.stackexchange.com/users/12492/"
] | Edging is typically glued. Wood glue is not the best option for this due to the plywood edge not being a great surface to glue to, so contact cement is more typical (and most ready made edging use some variation of that).
However, for a workbench I would forgo edging entirely and just bevel the plywood edge a bit to avoid the sharp angle (that would also be fragile). If you do want to edge the plywood on your workbench, I would glue and screw (or staple/nail) or even just screw - exposed fasteners are okay for a workbench, in my opinion.
For the hardboard, either leave it floating (trapped by the edging) or screw it down with a small amount of fasteners (I'd probably use 1 in each corner and maybe a couple more in the middle if the workbench is wide enough). As you said, the hardboard should be easy to swap out when its too beat up, so gluing is off the table (no pun intended) and fasteners should be easily removable (so no nails or staples). | It's probably worth highlighting that, as mentioned in the linked Answer, solid-wood edging provides a solid bump in the looks department as well as protecting the relatively fragile edges of the MDF or plywood:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Rt6xl.jpg)
I've used straight hardwood plywood extensively for temporary work surfaces and the edges do get chewed up pretty badly by many operations, leading to flakes and splinters; even banging into them with your clamps takes its toll over time. This could only be worse with softwood ply.
So while it's not absolutely necessary I would think it would be very beneficial for your bench to add edging.
>
> I would like to understand how to install a solid wood-edging to hold these pieces together, and make it easier to remove the hardboard.
>
>
>
I think you're overthinking this, you're just attaching strips of wood to the edges of a rectangle after all.
I'm sure this is one of those things that if you set to doing it it would just come together — you'd problem solve as you went, and before you knew it the first strip would be attached. The rest would just follow naturally.
Some tips and suggestions:
* Ideally for durability the edging should be a decently strong hardwood, but many people (including myself) have used softwood1.
* Use tempered hardboard if you can get it.
* You can glue, glue-and-nail, glue-and-screw, nail or screw the strips into place as you prefer2.
* If you don't manage to get to top of your edging dead even with your hardboard insert you can scrape it flush if it's just barely out. If there's a bit more to remove a handplane can work well, just a few shavings might be enough. This can also be done very accurately [with a router](https://woodworking.stackexchange.com/questions/13636/aligning-table-top-veneer-with-solid-wood-frame/13638#13638), and this would be the fastest method if you leave yourself a generous allowance on the edging.
* After you're flush, chamfer or round over your arrises. The softer the wood you use the more important this is.
---
1 Even common pine was acceptably durable for me.
2 I used screws only for my edging strips because, like the hardboard they hold in place, they are intended to be sacrificial and can easily be replaced when necessary. |
3,726,096 | I'm implementing a chat system.
What kind of database I should use for logging chat messages?
I need to do some queries to it. For example "give me all the links from user x between these dates"
I've [heard](http://blog.mongodb.org/post/172254834/mongodb-is-fantastic-for-logging) some good things about MongoDB for this kind of stuff. How about other NoSQL solutions? Redis? Cassandra?
How about old SQL solutions? Although I'm very interested having experiences with NoSQL-databases, but I'm not going to it just sake of it :)
I need to be able to handle hundreds of active users. | 2010/09/16 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3726096",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/153718/"
] | I've used [SQLite](http://sqlite.org) for this type of logging in the past and it's worked a treat. | You can determine by the following ways :
If your data is simple and small, you could consider using **SQLite**, it is easy to integrate with either web app, mobile app or desktop application and it is light weight.
check <http://www.sqlite.org/>
If the data is big, consider **NOSQL** databases, such as
**MongoDB** <http://www.mongodb.org/>
or
**HBase** <https://hbase.apache.org/>
If you are familiar with windows and , consider **MYSQL** or **MSSQL** |
3,726,096 | I'm implementing a chat system.
What kind of database I should use for logging chat messages?
I need to do some queries to it. For example "give me all the links from user x between these dates"
I've [heard](http://blog.mongodb.org/post/172254834/mongodb-is-fantastic-for-logging) some good things about MongoDB for this kind of stuff. How about other NoSQL solutions? Redis? Cassandra?
How about old SQL solutions? Although I'm very interested having experiences with NoSQL-databases, but I'm not going to it just sake of it :)
I need to be able to handle hundreds of active users. | 2010/09/16 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3726096",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/153718/"
] | Ok. So basically NoSQL is not a panacea. You really have to know the sweet spot for each NoSQL to gain maximum benefit of it.
For your scenario I would recommend mongodb. Why? Because mongodb offer very rich query just as you would have in SQL database, unlike key-value store database. Mongodb is relatively fast in both write and read.
Unless you need massive scalability like facebook or twitter, cassandra is not for you. | I recommend document stores like *CouchDB*. Have a look at some NoSQL solutions [here](http://nosql-databases.org/). |
3,726,096 | I'm implementing a chat system.
What kind of database I should use for logging chat messages?
I need to do some queries to it. For example "give me all the links from user x between these dates"
I've [heard](http://blog.mongodb.org/post/172254834/mongodb-is-fantastic-for-logging) some good things about MongoDB for this kind of stuff. How about other NoSQL solutions? Redis? Cassandra?
How about old SQL solutions? Although I'm very interested having experiences with NoSQL-databases, but I'm not going to it just sake of it :)
I need to be able to handle hundreds of active users. | 2010/09/16 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3726096",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/153718/"
] | I've used [SQLite](http://sqlite.org) for this type of logging in the past and it's worked a treat. | My vote goes out to redis(+node). I can handle that scale easily. |
3,726,096 | I'm implementing a chat system.
What kind of database I should use for logging chat messages?
I need to do some queries to it. For example "give me all the links from user x between these dates"
I've [heard](http://blog.mongodb.org/post/172254834/mongodb-is-fantastic-for-logging) some good things about MongoDB for this kind of stuff. How about other NoSQL solutions? Redis? Cassandra?
How about old SQL solutions? Although I'm very interested having experiences with NoSQL-databases, but I'm not going to it just sake of it :)
I need to be able to handle hundreds of active users. | 2010/09/16 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3726096",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/153718/"
] | Ok. So basically NoSQL is not a panacea. You really have to know the sweet spot for each NoSQL to gain maximum benefit of it.
For your scenario I would recommend mongodb. Why? Because mongodb offer very rich query just as you would have in SQL database, unlike key-value store database. Mongodb is relatively fast in both write and read.
Unless you need massive scalability like facebook or twitter, cassandra is not for you. | I've used [SQLite](http://sqlite.org) for this type of logging in the past and it's worked a treat. |
3,726,096 | I'm implementing a chat system.
What kind of database I should use for logging chat messages?
I need to do some queries to it. For example "give me all the links from user x between these dates"
I've [heard](http://blog.mongodb.org/post/172254834/mongodb-is-fantastic-for-logging) some good things about MongoDB for this kind of stuff. How about other NoSQL solutions? Redis? Cassandra?
How about old SQL solutions? Although I'm very interested having experiences with NoSQL-databases, but I'm not going to it just sake of it :)
I need to be able to handle hundreds of active users. | 2010/09/16 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3726096",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/153718/"
] | Ok. So basically NoSQL is not a panacea. You really have to know the sweet spot for each NoSQL to gain maximum benefit of it.
For your scenario I would recommend mongodb. Why? Because mongodb offer very rich query just as you would have in SQL database, unlike key-value store database. Mongodb is relatively fast in both write and read.
Unless you need massive scalability like facebook or twitter, cassandra is not for you. | I suggest Cassandra. I find it easier to develop for than even MySQL, though there is a little bit of learning curve. Dealing with schema changes is a real pain in production environments with MYSQL, IMO. |
3,726,096 | I'm implementing a chat system.
What kind of database I should use for logging chat messages?
I need to do some queries to it. For example "give me all the links from user x between these dates"
I've [heard](http://blog.mongodb.org/post/172254834/mongodb-is-fantastic-for-logging) some good things about MongoDB for this kind of stuff. How about other NoSQL solutions? Redis? Cassandra?
How about old SQL solutions? Although I'm very interested having experiences with NoSQL-databases, but I'm not going to it just sake of it :)
I need to be able to handle hundreds of active users. | 2010/09/16 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3726096",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/153718/"
] | I've used [SQLite](http://sqlite.org) for this type of logging in the past and it's worked a treat. | I consider that you are not a google or a twitter ;) just use mysql, sqlite or any relational database. This should completely suffice for you, but if it don't then think about nosql solutions, not now. |
3,726,096 | I'm implementing a chat system.
What kind of database I should use for logging chat messages?
I need to do some queries to it. For example "give me all the links from user x between these dates"
I've [heard](http://blog.mongodb.org/post/172254834/mongodb-is-fantastic-for-logging) some good things about MongoDB for this kind of stuff. How about other NoSQL solutions? Redis? Cassandra?
How about old SQL solutions? Although I'm very interested having experiences with NoSQL-databases, but I'm not going to it just sake of it :)
I need to be able to handle hundreds of active users. | 2010/09/16 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3726096",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/153718/"
] | Ok. So basically NoSQL is not a panacea. You really have to know the sweet spot for each NoSQL to gain maximum benefit of it.
For your scenario I would recommend mongodb. Why? Because mongodb offer very rich query just as you would have in SQL database, unlike key-value store database. Mongodb is relatively fast in both write and read.
Unless you need massive scalability like facebook or twitter, cassandra is not for you. | I consider that you are not a google or a twitter ;) just use mysql, sqlite or any relational database. This should completely suffice for you, but if it don't then think about nosql solutions, not now. |
3,726,096 | I'm implementing a chat system.
What kind of database I should use for logging chat messages?
I need to do some queries to it. For example "give me all the links from user x between these dates"
I've [heard](http://blog.mongodb.org/post/172254834/mongodb-is-fantastic-for-logging) some good things about MongoDB for this kind of stuff. How about other NoSQL solutions? Redis? Cassandra?
How about old SQL solutions? Although I'm very interested having experiences with NoSQL-databases, but I'm not going to it just sake of it :)
I need to be able to handle hundreds of active users. | 2010/09/16 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3726096",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/153718/"
] | Ok. So basically NoSQL is not a panacea. You really have to know the sweet spot for each NoSQL to gain maximum benefit of it.
For your scenario I would recommend mongodb. Why? Because mongodb offer very rich query just as you would have in SQL database, unlike key-value store database. Mongodb is relatively fast in both write and read.
Unless you need massive scalability like facebook or twitter, cassandra is not for you. | You can determine by the following ways :
If your data is simple and small, you could consider using **SQLite**, it is easy to integrate with either web app, mobile app or desktop application and it is light weight.
check <http://www.sqlite.org/>
If the data is big, consider **NOSQL** databases, such as
**MongoDB** <http://www.mongodb.org/>
or
**HBase** <https://hbase.apache.org/>
If you are familiar with windows and , consider **MYSQL** or **MSSQL** |
3,726,096 | I'm implementing a chat system.
What kind of database I should use for logging chat messages?
I need to do some queries to it. For example "give me all the links from user x between these dates"
I've [heard](http://blog.mongodb.org/post/172254834/mongodb-is-fantastic-for-logging) some good things about MongoDB for this kind of stuff. How about other NoSQL solutions? Redis? Cassandra?
How about old SQL solutions? Although I'm very interested having experiences with NoSQL-databases, but I'm not going to it just sake of it :)
I need to be able to handle hundreds of active users. | 2010/09/16 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3726096",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/153718/"
] | Ok. So basically NoSQL is not a panacea. You really have to know the sweet spot for each NoSQL to gain maximum benefit of it.
For your scenario I would recommend mongodb. Why? Because mongodb offer very rich query just as you would have in SQL database, unlike key-value store database. Mongodb is relatively fast in both write and read.
Unless you need massive scalability like facebook or twitter, cassandra is not for you. | My vote goes out to redis(+node). I can handle that scale easily. |
3,726,096 | I'm implementing a chat system.
What kind of database I should use for logging chat messages?
I need to do some queries to it. For example "give me all the links from user x between these dates"
I've [heard](http://blog.mongodb.org/post/172254834/mongodb-is-fantastic-for-logging) some good things about MongoDB for this kind of stuff. How about other NoSQL solutions? Redis? Cassandra?
How about old SQL solutions? Although I'm very interested having experiences with NoSQL-databases, but I'm not going to it just sake of it :)
I need to be able to handle hundreds of active users. | 2010/09/16 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3726096",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/153718/"
] | I've used [SQLite](http://sqlite.org) for this type of logging in the past and it's worked a treat. | I recommend document stores like *CouchDB*. Have a look at some NoSQL solutions [here](http://nosql-databases.org/). |
56,079 | According to different sources and authors, **ego** is referred to as one's self-perception by one's self concept. It is sometimes considered as selfishism. But what can a person do that will not refer to **self-X**?
I don't know if I am clear enough, but I don't understand why helping other people with the aim of making others happy should be considered as self-satisfaction and thought to the **ego**. | 2018/10/07 | [
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/56079",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/users/35268/"
] | Both Trump and Kaepernick make similar statements, that there is a group of people which may be unfairly treated because of things they didn't even do. Trump is against Kaepernick's stance, even though they are similar ideologically - people shouldn't be accused/oppressed because of who they are and not what they did.
Here, Dave Pell is pointing out the absurdity of the notion that Trump supports young white men who run into legal trouble despite having done nothing wrong, while at the same time disagreeing with Kaepernick, who supports young black men who run into legal trouble despite having done nothing wrong.
It's not about whether Kaepernick is right or Trump is wrong. It's about the ideological inconsistency needed to agree with one and not the other. | There are *at least* three logical fallacies one should beware of when listening to polemical and political discussion that one might associate with [Dave Pell's October 2nd tweet](https://twitter.com/davepell/status/1047212270076346368), the recent notoriety around Judge [Brett Kavanaugh's Supreme Court confirmation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh) reaching a high point on Friday, September 28th, the upcoming November 6th US midterm elections, and even this present post bringing attention to what appears to be a side issue.
Let's consider these logical fallacies.
1. Straw man fallacy
[Wikipedia describes a straw man fallacy as follows](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straw_man):
>
> A straw man is a common form of argument and is an informal fallacy based on giving the impression of refuting an opponent's argument, while actually refuting an argument that was not presented by that opponent. One who engages in this fallacy is said to be "attacking a straw man."
>
>
> The typical straw man argument creates the illusion of having completely refuted or defeated an opponent's proposition through the covert replacement of it with a different proposition (i.e., "stand up a straw man") and the subsequent refutation of that false argument ("knock down a straw man") instead of the opponent's proposition.
>
>
> This technique has been used throughout history in polemical debate, particularly in arguments about highly charged emotional issues where a fiery "battle" and the defeat of an "enemy" may be more valued than critical thinking or an understanding of both sides of the issue.
>
>
>
Unless one is hearing something from the other side of a polemical debate *directly*, one should not trust evidence provided by the opposing side.
2. Fallacy fallacy
[Wikipedia describes the fallacy fallacy as follows](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_from_fallacy):
>
> Argument from fallacy is the formal fallacy of analyzing an argument and inferring that, since it contains a fallacy, its conclusion must be false. It is also called argument to logic (argumentum ad logicam), the fallacy fallacy, the fallacist's fallacy, and the bad reasons fallacy.
>
>
> Fallacious arguments can arrive at true conclusions, so this is an informal fallacy of relevance.
>
>
>
One should be suspicious when one side in a polemical argument claims that the opposing side is committing a logical fallacy. The reason may be a rhetorical device hoping listeners will fall for the fallacy fallacy and think that should there be a logical fallacy in the opponent's argument this means the opponent's argument is false. The opponent's argument may simply need correctly.
3. Red herring fallacy
[Wikipedia describes the red herring fallacy as follows](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_herring):
>
> A red herring is something that misleads or distracts from a relevant or important issue. It may be either a logical fallacy or a literary device that leads readers or audiences towards a false conclusion. A red herring might be intentionally used, such as in mystery fiction or as part of rhetorical strategies (e.g. in politics), or it could be inadvertently used during argumentation.
>
>
>
Since the main focus of concern is the Brett Kavanaugh confirmation and the US midterm elections, focusing on Trump and Kaepernick appear to be not so much the "whole point" as Pell puts it but beside the point, that is, a red herring.
There may be other logical fallacies associated with political polemic. These are three that might be worth keeping in mind.
---
Reference
Pell, D, tweet on October 2, 2018 <https://twitter.com/davepell/status/1047212270076346368>
Wikipedia, "Argument from fallacy" <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_from_fallacy>
Wikipedia, "Brett Kavanaugh" <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh>
Wikipedia, "Red herring" <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_herring>
Wikipedia, "Straw man" <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straw_man> |
56,079 | According to different sources and authors, **ego** is referred to as one's self-perception by one's self concept. It is sometimes considered as selfishism. But what can a person do that will not refer to **self-X**?
I don't know if I am clear enough, but I don't understand why helping other people with the aim of making others happy should be considered as self-satisfaction and thought to the **ego**. | 2018/10/07 | [
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/56079",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/users/35268/"
] | Perhaps unwisely, I'm going to ignore the political context of the question.
However, do note that politics carried out on Twitter is worlds away from formal propositional reasoning. In particular, it is important to be aware of the unstated assumptions that back up a tweet. It is necessary to accurately understand those assumptions and engage with them to make a meaningful contribution to a discussion.
---
Anyway, there's a few subtly different ways to read the tweet.
* "Since Trump is thinking the same way that Kaepernick is thinking~~,
and Kaepernick is right,~~ then Trump is wrong [to disagree with
Kaepernick]."
That isn't actually saying anything about whether either of them is correct in the topic at hand, it's more of a moral jab at Trump's perceived unfair treatment of Kaepernick.
* "Since Trump is thinking about A the same way that Kaepernick is
thinking about B~~, and Kaepernick is right,~~ then Trump [is
either mistaken about B or about A]."
That does touch on the truth of the claims. Again it doesn't claim that Kaepernick was right, only that Trump cannot be right in both cases.
* "Since Trump is (assumed correctly) acknowledging C in the context of
A and Kaepernick argued that C implies B then Trump should
acknowledge Kaepernick is right about B."
This assumes that the premises they both work from are in fact correct.
* "Since Kaepernick argued that C implies B and Trump (assumed
correctly) denied B, he cannot now claim or rely on C (in support of
A)"
From the tone of the tweet, this is probably not the claim being made. However it's an acceptable claim to make from the logical form. It's the sort of logic you might use if you replace Kaepernick with a clear bad guy: "Bro, that was basically Hitler's whole point."
Note that the one thing that cannot be drawn out of this argument is that Trump is wrong about both A and B. I suspect that may be where your confusion came from: because there are multiple claims being made by Trump, "Trump is wrong" doesn't help clarify much! With the divisions made on who is wrong about what, the senses of the arguments can be clarified.
---
However, as I mentioned above, political claims tend to be too big and too full of assumptions to get a handle on formally. The implication of that is that the details may completely destroy any of the above variants. Consider:
Alex, party kid to mates about going out and getting drunk "There's no point in having this money just sitting in our wallets."
Bob, Alex's Dad about the importance of investment: "There's no point in having this money just sitting in our wallets."
Alex might respond with "Ah, I'm glad you agree with me! I'll take a taxi because there's no way I'll be legal to drive at the end of the evening."
However, it seems clear that, even though the sentence is word for word the same, there are many things different in what they're claiming and how their claims interact with money in wallets. It is possible for Bob to be right and Alex to be wrong, or Alex to be right and Bob to be wrong. | There are *at least* three logical fallacies one should beware of when listening to polemical and political discussion that one might associate with [Dave Pell's October 2nd tweet](https://twitter.com/davepell/status/1047212270076346368), the recent notoriety around Judge [Brett Kavanaugh's Supreme Court confirmation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh) reaching a high point on Friday, September 28th, the upcoming November 6th US midterm elections, and even this present post bringing attention to what appears to be a side issue.
Let's consider these logical fallacies.
1. Straw man fallacy
[Wikipedia describes a straw man fallacy as follows](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straw_man):
>
> A straw man is a common form of argument and is an informal fallacy based on giving the impression of refuting an opponent's argument, while actually refuting an argument that was not presented by that opponent. One who engages in this fallacy is said to be "attacking a straw man."
>
>
> The typical straw man argument creates the illusion of having completely refuted or defeated an opponent's proposition through the covert replacement of it with a different proposition (i.e., "stand up a straw man") and the subsequent refutation of that false argument ("knock down a straw man") instead of the opponent's proposition.
>
>
> This technique has been used throughout history in polemical debate, particularly in arguments about highly charged emotional issues where a fiery "battle" and the defeat of an "enemy" may be more valued than critical thinking or an understanding of both sides of the issue.
>
>
>
Unless one is hearing something from the other side of a polemical debate *directly*, one should not trust evidence provided by the opposing side.
2. Fallacy fallacy
[Wikipedia describes the fallacy fallacy as follows](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_from_fallacy):
>
> Argument from fallacy is the formal fallacy of analyzing an argument and inferring that, since it contains a fallacy, its conclusion must be false. It is also called argument to logic (argumentum ad logicam), the fallacy fallacy, the fallacist's fallacy, and the bad reasons fallacy.
>
>
> Fallacious arguments can arrive at true conclusions, so this is an informal fallacy of relevance.
>
>
>
One should be suspicious when one side in a polemical argument claims that the opposing side is committing a logical fallacy. The reason may be a rhetorical device hoping listeners will fall for the fallacy fallacy and think that should there be a logical fallacy in the opponent's argument this means the opponent's argument is false. The opponent's argument may simply need correctly.
3. Red herring fallacy
[Wikipedia describes the red herring fallacy as follows](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_herring):
>
> A red herring is something that misleads or distracts from a relevant or important issue. It may be either a logical fallacy or a literary device that leads readers or audiences towards a false conclusion. A red herring might be intentionally used, such as in mystery fiction or as part of rhetorical strategies (e.g. in politics), or it could be inadvertently used during argumentation.
>
>
>
Since the main focus of concern is the Brett Kavanaugh confirmation and the US midterm elections, focusing on Trump and Kaepernick appear to be not so much the "whole point" as Pell puts it but beside the point, that is, a red herring.
There may be other logical fallacies associated with political polemic. These are three that might be worth keeping in mind.
---
Reference
Pell, D, tweet on October 2, 2018 <https://twitter.com/davepell/status/1047212270076346368>
Wikipedia, "Argument from fallacy" <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_from_fallacy>
Wikipedia, "Brett Kavanaugh" <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh>
Wikipedia, "Red herring" <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_herring>
Wikipedia, "Straw man" <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straw_man> |
44,297 | I am having a confusion whether an opportunity can exists without products. If such an opportunity exists then what would be the use of it in the context of business perspective? If i recall correctly that an opportunity amount is the sum of the cost price of the opportunity line items, is that correct? Any suggestions please. | 2014/07/16 | [
"https://salesforce.stackexchange.com/questions/44297",
"https://salesforce.stackexchange.com",
"https://salesforce.stackexchange.com/users/4195/"
] | Opportunities without products are a normal use case.
For example, a business that doesn't really care to forecast by product as it develops 'opportunities' - simply knowing the customer name + amount + stage + close date is sufficient.
The Opportunity.amount must be entered by the user rather than calculated as a RSF on OpportunityLineItem. | Yes, an opportunity can exist without products but the Amount would need to either be manually populated or populated via a workflow rule/trigger(only auto updates when products do exist). We do not use the standard products and use a workflow rule to update the Amount field based on a rollup of a custom object. |
247,859 | I have this problem that one of our landing page(Wiki) in our sharepoint site has a dashboard that is getting data from a non sharepoint site and you need to login in order to view this. But not all of our users has that account. So we created a dummy account that needs to be inputted in order to view the dashboard. What i want to happen is to create a javascript program in script editor that will automatically login when the windows security dialog box appear.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/EYrCq.png)
also our landing page is all HTML and CSS so i can easily add the javascript in case this is possible.
Thank you. | 2018/08/28 | [
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/questions/247859",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/users/76768/"
] | **No solution from SharePoint side**, also JS doesn't help in this situation,
You should manage the security from the dashboard side by allowing the **SSO** or the anonymous access to the dashboard URL! | This is an inherently flawed plan of approach. You need to consider the risk of exposing that user name and password to anyone with access to that page.
Your are attempting to circumvent a security mechanism. SharePoint nor JS will assist you. |
247,859 | I have this problem that one of our landing page(Wiki) in our sharepoint site has a dashboard that is getting data from a non sharepoint site and you need to login in order to view this. But not all of our users has that account. So we created a dummy account that needs to be inputted in order to view the dashboard. What i want to happen is to create a javascript program in script editor that will automatically login when the windows security dialog box appear.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/EYrCq.png)
also our landing page is all HTML and CSS so i can easily add the javascript in case this is possible.
Thank you. | 2018/08/28 | [
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/questions/247859",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/users/76768/"
] | **No solution from SharePoint side**, also JS doesn't help in this situation,
You should manage the security from the dashboard side by allowing the **SSO** or the anonymous access to the dashboard URL! | Is this Sharepoint BI Dashboard, or the Dashboard is created by separate product? If the earlier you should look into concept of using Unattended Account. If it is 3-rd party product you should look at their API documentation how to properly integrate it. Like previous answers trying to embed credentials in the JS is very bad idea (update your CV and look for new job if someone from security will discover it). If you external Dashboard is within you AD maybe you can set up permission that all Authenticated Users can access it this way everyone on your network can see it but it still not available to Anonymous users. |
291,696 | Are there any differences between Pokémon Sun & Moon? Obviously there are changes in the Pokémon you can catch in either version as well as the legendaries, so including those are there also additional changes such as NPC changes, areas you can visit, specific mechanics? | 2016/11/19 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/291696",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/18916/"
] | In terms of gameplay, the difference is that whilst playing Pokémon Sun, the in-game weather will be day, during real life daytime. Playing Moon during the day however will have a night weather effect.
Before you buy one, you should conisder two things:
1. When you are going to be playing the game.
2. Which lighting you prefer, light/dark.
Hope this helps. | Apart from the specific pokémon and legendaries, the main difference is the shift in time. The time of the clock would be exactly the same as the in-game time in Pokémon Sun, while it is shifted by 12 hours (i.e., AM would turn to PM and vice versa) in Pokémon Moon.
Apart from that, there are other differences such as the different Totem pokémon and ally pokémon, and a specific pokémon has a different evolution depending on the game. |
291,696 | Are there any differences between Pokémon Sun & Moon? Obviously there are changes in the Pokémon you can catch in either version as well as the legendaries, so including those are there also additional changes such as NPC changes, areas you can visit, specific mechanics? | 2016/11/19 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/291696",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/18916/"
] | Serebii has a summary of all of the differences between the two versions.
>
> In Pokemon Sun the first totem pokemon you encounter is Gumshoos whilst in Moon you encounter an aloan Raticate.
>
>
> In Pokemon Sun you have the ability to meet and battle Kiawe whilst in Moon you can meet and battle Mallow.
>
>
> You can also get different stores in the festival plaza. You can usually get them in both games to begin with but the higher level versions of them are only available in one version.
>
>
> In the Battle Tree you have the ability to scout trainers. You can only scout Plumeria, Sina and Kiawe in Sun and you can only scout Guzma, Dexio, Malloww.
> As far as I know other characters can be scouted in both games.
>
>
>
[source](http://www.serebii.net/sunmoon/versionmisc.shtml) | In terms of gameplay, the difference is that whilst playing Pokémon Sun, the in-game weather will be day, during real life daytime. Playing Moon during the day however will have a night weather effect.
Before you buy one, you should conisder two things:
1. When you are going to be playing the game.
2. Which lighting you prefer, light/dark.
Hope this helps. |
291,696 | Are there any differences between Pokémon Sun & Moon? Obviously there are changes in the Pokémon you can catch in either version as well as the legendaries, so including those are there also additional changes such as NPC changes, areas you can visit, specific mechanics? | 2016/11/19 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/291696",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/18916/"
] | Serebii has a summary of all of the differences between the two versions.
>
> In Pokemon Sun the first totem pokemon you encounter is Gumshoos whilst in Moon you encounter an aloan Raticate.
>
>
> In Pokemon Sun you have the ability to meet and battle Kiawe whilst in Moon you can meet and battle Mallow.
>
>
> You can also get different stores in the festival plaza. You can usually get them in both games to begin with but the higher level versions of them are only available in one version.
>
>
> In the Battle Tree you have the ability to scout trainers. You can only scout Plumeria, Sina and Kiawe in Sun and you can only scout Guzma, Dexio, Malloww.
> As far as I know other characters can be scouted in both games.
>
>
>
[source](http://www.serebii.net/sunmoon/versionmisc.shtml) | Apart from the specific pokémon and legendaries, the main difference is the shift in time. The time of the clock would be exactly the same as the in-game time in Pokémon Sun, while it is shifted by 12 hours (i.e., AM would turn to PM and vice versa) in Pokémon Moon.
Apart from that, there are other differences such as the different Totem pokémon and ally pokémon, and a specific pokémon has a different evolution depending on the game. |
1,086 | We have ~500 biomedical documents each of some 1-2 MB. We want to use a non query-based method to rank the documents in order of their unique content score. I'm calling it "unique content" because our researchers want to know from which document to start reading. All the documents are of the same topic, in the biomedical world we know that there is always a lot of content overlap. So all we want to do is to arrange the documents in the order of their unique content.
Most Information Retrieval literature suggest query-based ranking which does not fit our need. | 2014/09/07 | [
"https://datascience.stackexchange.com/questions/1086",
"https://datascience.stackexchange.com",
"https://datascience.stackexchange.com/users/3232/"
] | You could use Topic Modeling as described in this paper:
<http://faculty.chicagobooth.edu/workshops/orgs-markets/pdf/KaplanSwordWin2014.pdf>
They performed Topic Modeling on abstracts of patents (limited to 150 words). They identified papers as "novel" if they were the first to introduce a topic, and measured degree of novelty by how many papers in the following year used the same topic. (Read the paper for details).
I suggest that you follow their lead and only process paper abstracts. Processing the body of each paper might reveal some novelty that the abstract does not, but you also run the risk of having much more noise in your topic model (i.e. extraneous topics, extraneous words).
While you say that all 500 papers are on the same "topic", it's probably safer to say that they are all on the same "theme" or in the same "sub-category" of Bio-medicine. Topic modeling permits decomposition of the "theme" into "topics".
The good news is that there are plenty of good packages/libraries for Topic Modeling. You still have to do preprocessing, but you don't have to code the algorithms yourself. See this page for many resources:
<http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~blei/topicmodeling.html> | Here's a simple initial approach to try:
1. Calculate the [TF-IDF](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tf%E2%80%93idf) score of each word in each document.
2. Sort the documents by the average TF-IDF score of their words.
3. The higher the average TF-IDF score, the more unique a document is with respect to the rest of the collection.
You might also try a clustering-based approach where you look for outliers, or perhaps something with the [Jaccard index](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaccard_index) using a bag-of-words model. |
145,948 | I'm looking for a clean way to centralize user management. The setup:
* About 10-30 linux machines (Ubuntu 10.04 LTS server)
* Maybe 10-30 users for now.
The requirements (hopes and expectations):
* A single place for the administrator to manage user accounts, passwords and the list of machines each user has access to. (And probably groups.) Doesn't have to be fancy.
* Single sign-on for SSH: the user should be able to login from machine A to machine B without re-entering his/her password.
A Quick Google searches give me pointers to OpenLDAP and Kerberos, but I'm not sure where to start and what problem will each solution actually solve. Which way to go? I'd love to find a **clear** tutorial that focuses on this subject. (Or: am I asking "a wrong question"?) | 2010/05/27 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/145948",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/44142/"
] | Google has led you down the right track. Ideally you want both LDAP for the central user management and Kerberos for it's added security and SSO.
LDAP alone will get you centralized user management but users will still have to re-authenticate with each service they are connecting too. That's where Kerberos comes in which issues the client a ticket which grants the user access to other services once they've been authenticated.
For Kerberos you'll need a stable synchronized time source. So I would start by setting up NTP, DHCP, and DNS properly. Then configure your client workstations to get their NTP from DHCP. Once you know you have a stable time source you can then setup LDAP and Kerberos servers to provide the necessary directory services to pull it together. | I've found the [Spinlock](http://techpubs.spinlocksolutions.com/dklar/) guides excellent for this; I've used them to set up an SSO environment with ssh ticket forwarding for a development office of about 30 developers. There are a lot of different components to this and it's somewhat of a bear to manage - you'll want a good LDAP client like Apache's Directory Studio for user maintenance.
If there's an Active Directory somewhere in your enterprise, Likewise (Google for Likewise Open, serverfault won't let me post more than one link) now has an open source version of its SSO solution that might be worth looking at. It also supports ssh ticket forwarding. |
8,227 | I'm new here and I saw one can buy them e.g. in Germany at bitcoin.de via an online transaction, by paying Euros. Is the same possible in Romania (do you need a €-bank account for that?) and if so, is there some (online) exchange service best suited for that? | 2013/03/07 | [
"https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/8227",
"https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com",
"https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/users/3221/"
] | There are no exchanges yet that accept RON (Romanian Leu).
There are individuals in Romania who trade bitcoins for face-to-face cash trade:
* <https://localbitcoins.com/country/RO> <-- But be careful of the listings who are not local, wanting to trade online instead.
Also there is the #Bitcoin-otc marketplace and the #bitcoin-otc-eu IRC channel in which you might find someone willing to trade.
If you have access to purchase UKash vouchers with cash, there are several services such as Mercabit.eu, VirWoX, and Bitcoin Nordic who will accept that voucher for the purchase of Bitcoins.
Otherwise, if you have the ability to send a SEPA transfer, there are many exchanges you can use, include BITSTAMP:
* <http://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Buying_bitcoins> | I found a website that is selling directly, you can check it out under <https://bitcoinx.ro/> |
8,227 | I'm new here and I saw one can buy them e.g. in Germany at bitcoin.de via an online transaction, by paying Euros. Is the same possible in Romania (do you need a €-bank account for that?) and if so, is there some (online) exchange service best suited for that? | 2013/03/07 | [
"https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/8227",
"https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com",
"https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/users/3221/"
] | There are no exchanges yet that accept RON (Romanian Leu).
There are individuals in Romania who trade bitcoins for face-to-face cash trade:
* <https://localbitcoins.com/country/RO> <-- But be careful of the listings who are not local, wanting to trade online instead.
Also there is the #Bitcoin-otc marketplace and the #bitcoin-otc-eu IRC channel in which you might find someone willing to trade.
If you have access to purchase UKash vouchers with cash, there are several services such as Mercabit.eu, VirWoX, and Bitcoin Nordic who will accept that voucher for the purchase of Bitcoins.
Otherwise, if you have the ability to send a SEPA transfer, there are many exchanges you can use, include BITSTAMP:
* <http://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Buying_bitcoins> | You can check out a list of exchanges that accept customers from Romania over here: <https://bitcoinnews.ro/cumpara-bitcoin>
If I remember correctly there's one international exchange that accepts RON as well and that's LakeBTC. I haven't seen any reviews of it though so use with caution. |
8,227 | I'm new here and I saw one can buy them e.g. in Germany at bitcoin.de via an online transaction, by paying Euros. Is the same possible in Romania (do you need a €-bank account for that?) and if so, is there some (online) exchange service best suited for that? | 2013/03/07 | [
"https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/8227",
"https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com",
"https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/users/3221/"
] | There are no exchanges yet that accept RON (Romanian Leu).
There are individuals in Romania who trade bitcoins for face-to-face cash trade:
* <https://localbitcoins.com/country/RO> <-- But be careful of the listings who are not local, wanting to trade online instead.
Also there is the #Bitcoin-otc marketplace and the #bitcoin-otc-eu IRC channel in which you might find someone willing to trade.
If you have access to purchase UKash vouchers with cash, there are several services such as Mercabit.eu, VirWoX, and Bitcoin Nordic who will accept that voucher for the purchase of Bitcoins.
Otherwise, if you have the ability to send a SEPA transfer, there are many exchanges you can use, include BITSTAMP:
* <http://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Buying_bitcoins> | See if [bitstamp](https://bitstamp.net) or [kraken](https://www.kraken.com) work for you. Both accept SEPA transfers. There are also some other European exchanges listed [here](https://bitcoin.org/en/exchanges). |
8,227 | I'm new here and I saw one can buy them e.g. in Germany at bitcoin.de via an online transaction, by paying Euros. Is the same possible in Romania (do you need a €-bank account for that?) and if so, is there some (online) exchange service best suited for that? | 2013/03/07 | [
"https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/8227",
"https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com",
"https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/users/3221/"
] | You can check out a list of exchanges that accept customers from Romania over here: <https://bitcoinnews.ro/cumpara-bitcoin>
If I remember correctly there's one international exchange that accepts RON as well and that's LakeBTC. I haven't seen any reviews of it though so use with caution. | I found a website that is selling directly, you can check it out under <https://bitcoinx.ro/> |
8,227 | I'm new here and I saw one can buy them e.g. in Germany at bitcoin.de via an online transaction, by paying Euros. Is the same possible in Romania (do you need a €-bank account for that?) and if so, is there some (online) exchange service best suited for that? | 2013/03/07 | [
"https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/8227",
"https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com",
"https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/users/3221/"
] | You can check out a list of exchanges that accept customers from Romania over here: <https://bitcoinnews.ro/cumpara-bitcoin>
If I remember correctly there's one international exchange that accepts RON as well and that's LakeBTC. I haven't seen any reviews of it though so use with caution. | See if [bitstamp](https://bitstamp.net) or [kraken](https://www.kraken.com) work for you. Both accept SEPA transfers. There are also some other European exchanges listed [here](https://bitcoin.org/en/exchanges). |
21,643,038 | I have an app where I am showing map where I will be showing the driver area allocated to him.
Client want this area will be highlighted with some color.
Sample can be as below.
Any idea how this can be done?
What I was planning to do is having images for different regions and show image for respective area.
However I just wanted to check if this can be done using MapKit that we already have, I don't want to go with images.
More info on this would be appreciated. | 2014/02/08 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/21643038",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1066828/"
] | I didn't thought this would be so easy...
Below link will do the trick I was looking for...
<http://www.shawngrimes.me/2011/04/adding-polygon-map-overlays/> | you can see HTML "map" tag with "area":
<http://www.w3schools.com/tags/tag_area.asp> |
21,643,038 | I have an app where I am showing map where I will be showing the driver area allocated to him.
Client want this area will be highlighted with some color.
Sample can be as below.
Any idea how this can be done?
What I was planning to do is having images for different regions and show image for respective area.
However I just wanted to check if this can be done using MapKit that we already have, I don't want to go with images.
More info on this would be appreciated. | 2014/02/08 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/21643038",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1066828/"
] | Something you may want to try for performance reasons is to use [TileMill](http://tilemill.com) to parse the source data (KML, SHP, etc.) and render out raster tiles, possibly with alpha transparency so that they can be used as a true overlay. Then, you could use those tiles in MapKit or something like [Mapbox](http://mapbox.com/mapbox-ios-sdk). | you can see HTML "map" tag with "area":
<http://www.w3schools.com/tags/tag_area.asp> |
21,643,038 | I have an app where I am showing map where I will be showing the driver area allocated to him.
Client want this area will be highlighted with some color.
Sample can be as below.
Any idea how this can be done?
What I was planning to do is having images for different regions and show image for respective area.
However I just wanted to check if this can be done using MapKit that we already have, I don't want to go with images.
More info on this would be appreciated. | 2014/02/08 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/21643038",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1066828/"
] | I didn't thought this would be so easy...
Below link will do the trick I was looking for...
<http://www.shawngrimes.me/2011/04/adding-polygon-map-overlays/> | Something you may want to try for performance reasons is to use [TileMill](http://tilemill.com) to parse the source data (KML, SHP, etc.) and render out raster tiles, possibly with alpha transparency so that they can be used as a true overlay. Then, you could use those tiles in MapKit or something like [Mapbox](http://mapbox.com/mapbox-ios-sdk). |
12,472,540 | What i need to do is kind of a very restricted backup.
I've created a lot of small programs which i've put in my test package. In case the system goes down i'd like to keep my data. I also don't want to trouble the basis guys.
Firstly: is it a bad idea what i'm trying to achieve (cuz i really don't know much about SAP except for ABAP.
Secondly: (if it's a good idea) is it possible in a non "code copy-paste" way? | 2012/09/18 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/12472540",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1037251/"
] | It's generally not necessary. SAP R/3 systems are usually mission-critical. If they go down, hit the basis administrators. If they take the system down without backing it up first and notifying everyone, hit them with a very large spiked club.
There are ways to download individual components ([SAPlink](http://www.saplink.org/) for example), but they are generally not (yet) complete - some object types are not supported. The best way to create such a backup is to add the objects to a transport, point it at a dummy destination (ask your basis admins to create one, they should know how to do this) and release it. Then grab the exported transport files (you could write a small report for this). It takes a little preparation, but this way you're sure you've got a backup that can be restored. Note that you'll need basis support for this. (For a developer, it's generally a good idea to keep good relations with the basis admins :-)) | Two approaches:
1. [SAPLink](https://wiki.scn.sap.com/wiki/display/ABAP/SAPlink)
More old-school way which uses files called **nuggets** for transferring objects between systems in a plain-text mode.
Supported on most systems [since version 4.6c](https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E52090_13/otn/pdf/eip/E51847_01.pdf).
2. [abapGit](https://docs.abapgit.org/)
More modern way of moving ABAP developments using GIT concept. It allows [creating GIT repo from package](https://docs.abapgit.org/guide-moving-package.html) and pulling this repo onto any local machine.
Supported since BASIS v.702 |
19,636 | *There is [another question](https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/8986) about airliners and if someone not qualified could land them. My question is about the steps I should take to stay alive in a small GA plane.*
---
Let say a friend of mine invites me aboard a small aircraft (like Cessna 172 or equivalent).
At some point my pilot friend passes out for some reason. What should I do considering the following:
* I'm not a pilot.
* I'm seated in the co-pilot seat.
* I spent hundreds of hours on Flight Simulator (a few years ago).
* I've been initiated to fly a small aircraft (1 session covering the very basics), but no take-off/landing exercises.
* The weather is good.
* Aircraft is in good condition.
* The tank is full.
* Area has ATC and I know how to operate the radio.
This is my guess:
1. Hold the plane's level and heading
2. Slap my friend to try to wake him up
3. Send "Mayday" asking for assistance and technical guidance
4. Try to follow ATC instructions as well as I can
Does this look good? What should be done differently? | 2015/09/03 | [
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/19636",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/users/10076/"
] | Just thought I'd add an answer about "aviate", "navigate", "communicate" which is discussed somewhat in the comments and is a big part of what you should do.
It's simply a matter of dealing with the most important things in order.
Aviate - fly the aircraft (keep it flying) - if you fail to do this, it will almost certainly kill you.
Navigate - fly where you want to go. In this case, do as little as you have to to avoid obstacles, terrain and clouds. Don't worry about bimbling into controlled airspace - someone else will take care of it. Don't try to be clever and fly circuits or boxes or whatever. Without at least a few hours proper training, trying to navigate could well lead to you forgetting or failing to aviate. Not navigating away from clouds, obstacles etc is the second most likely thing to kill you.
Communicate - tell someone about it. Not doing this won't kill you but could stop you getting help with one and two not killing you.
Mayday on the frequency already tuned. Use the mnemonic "Rest In Peace Louis Hoy" if you can remember it. R for reason, I for intent. P for position, L for level (altitude), H for heading. If you can't handle it, a simple "mayday" will start the ball rolling. If all you say is the word "mayday" or "emergency", if anyone hears you, they will reply "station calling, say again" or "station calling, pass your message" or similar. This just means they got it, but don't know who you are. The conversation has started, let the person you're talking to do the work and ask questions as needed.
If no-one replies, and you can remember the frequency, tune 121.5 - the international distress frequency for VHF. Someone will hear that and quite likely be able to triangulate your position. Tuning the transponder to 7700 will also get a lot of attention.
Do not communicate, even if someone is calling you, if it takes your attention away from aviating and navigating. If you can, a simple "standby" in response will tell the caller all they need to know.
Sadly far too many people have died because they failed to follow this simple advice which has been proven over many, many years and 10s of thousands of urgent situations.
Remember. In the ongoing battle between the Earth and aircraft arriving in other than controlled conditions, the Earth has yet to lose. | 1. As much as possible, keep your hands off of the controls. A properly trimmed airplane will maintain straight and level flight. A human likely will not.
2. Tune the radio to 121.5 and call mayday. 121.5 will be monitored everywhere there is any ATC activity.
3. Follow the instructions of ATC.
4. Use the trim and throttle to descend. During landing, the elevator (pull back and push forward on the wheel) controls airspeed, the throttle controls altitude. Trim the airplane and use the throttle to control descent. More/less trim may be required. |
19,636 | *There is [another question](https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/8986) about airliners and if someone not qualified could land them. My question is about the steps I should take to stay alive in a small GA plane.*
---
Let say a friend of mine invites me aboard a small aircraft (like Cessna 172 or equivalent).
At some point my pilot friend passes out for some reason. What should I do considering the following:
* I'm not a pilot.
* I'm seated in the co-pilot seat.
* I spent hundreds of hours on Flight Simulator (a few years ago).
* I've been initiated to fly a small aircraft (1 session covering the very basics), but no take-off/landing exercises.
* The weather is good.
* Aircraft is in good condition.
* The tank is full.
* Area has ATC and I know how to operate the radio.
This is my guess:
1. Hold the plane's level and heading
2. Slap my friend to try to wake him up
3. Send "Mayday" asking for assistance and technical guidance
4. Try to follow ATC instructions as well as I can
Does this look good? What should be done differently? | 2015/09/03 | [
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/19636",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/users/10076/"
] | Just thought I'd add an answer about "aviate", "navigate", "communicate" which is discussed somewhat in the comments and is a big part of what you should do.
It's simply a matter of dealing with the most important things in order.
Aviate - fly the aircraft (keep it flying) - if you fail to do this, it will almost certainly kill you.
Navigate - fly where you want to go. In this case, do as little as you have to to avoid obstacles, terrain and clouds. Don't worry about bimbling into controlled airspace - someone else will take care of it. Don't try to be clever and fly circuits or boxes or whatever. Without at least a few hours proper training, trying to navigate could well lead to you forgetting or failing to aviate. Not navigating away from clouds, obstacles etc is the second most likely thing to kill you.
Communicate - tell someone about it. Not doing this won't kill you but could stop you getting help with one and two not killing you.
Mayday on the frequency already tuned. Use the mnemonic "Rest In Peace Louis Hoy" if you can remember it. R for reason, I for intent. P for position, L for level (altitude), H for heading. If you can't handle it, a simple "mayday" will start the ball rolling. If all you say is the word "mayday" or "emergency", if anyone hears you, they will reply "station calling, say again" or "station calling, pass your message" or similar. This just means they got it, but don't know who you are. The conversation has started, let the person you're talking to do the work and ask questions as needed.
If no-one replies, and you can remember the frequency, tune 121.5 - the international distress frequency for VHF. Someone will hear that and quite likely be able to triangulate your position. Tuning the transponder to 7700 will also get a lot of attention.
Do not communicate, even if someone is calling you, if it takes your attention away from aviating and navigating. If you can, a simple "standby" in response will tell the caller all they need to know.
Sadly far too many people have died because they failed to follow this simple advice which has been proven over many, many years and 10s of thousands of urgent situations.
Remember. In the ongoing battle between the Earth and aircraft arriving in other than controlled conditions, the Earth has yet to lose. | The feel of the controls is one of the things that you will really have to get your head round really quickly if this is the first time you have touched them.
You don't move the controls you just apply a little bit of pressure, unlike a flight sim which has a totally unrealistic feel on the controls, and this alters with the airspeed of the aircraft. You have to be able to handle the aircraft quite precisely to be able to safely land, whereas most people even with flight sim experience take quite a few hours of instruction to be safe enough to go solo.
I read about a crash in the UK where the pilot was incapacitated and the passenger had been shown how to bail out. He couldn't get the hood open because it was heavy and the aircraft hit the ground with him clawing at the hood. All he needed to do was pull the stick back and he would have had more time.
I would say, feeling the controls, just try to get the aircraft level and under control and at a constant speed, will be more difficult than you think it might be, and also to stay calm so you can think and relate to what air traffic are saying. This is a lot easier said than done given that you are just about to die if you do something wrong.
Just a small thing like not already talking to air traffic and not knowing the emergency frequency (or not knowing where the transmit button is) could panic you and ruin your whole day, or pulling the mixture back instead of the throttle. There are loads of things that could go wrong in real life even though you can fly the sim through a keyboard.
On the other hand if you can reach the ground under control at the correct (slowest safe) speed - about 1.2 - 1.3 times the stall speed, you don't need to speak to anyone or do anything else, the chances are you could live, especially if you reach the ground on an airport where there are emergency services to extract you from the aircraft. But then, you might know the stall speed in the sim, how do you really know it in the real aircraft you are in at the time? None of this is as easy as you think! |
19,636 | *There is [another question](https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/8986) about airliners and if someone not qualified could land them. My question is about the steps I should take to stay alive in a small GA plane.*
---
Let say a friend of mine invites me aboard a small aircraft (like Cessna 172 or equivalent).
At some point my pilot friend passes out for some reason. What should I do considering the following:
* I'm not a pilot.
* I'm seated in the co-pilot seat.
* I spent hundreds of hours on Flight Simulator (a few years ago).
* I've been initiated to fly a small aircraft (1 session covering the very basics), but no take-off/landing exercises.
* The weather is good.
* Aircraft is in good condition.
* The tank is full.
* Area has ATC and I know how to operate the radio.
This is my guess:
1. Hold the plane's level and heading
2. Slap my friend to try to wake him up
3. Send "Mayday" asking for assistance and technical guidance
4. Try to follow ATC instructions as well as I can
Does this look good? What should be done differently? | 2015/09/03 | [
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/19636",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/users/10076/"
] | This is a good question and your guesses make sense. I’m not a pilot but here is what I’d do (if the plane is small like you say):
A non pilot would definitely be overwhelmed by the controls and buttons and all their meanings. But if you have had some training you could manage. First thing to do would be to establish communications with ATC and explain to them that you are a non pilot who is now in charge. For this you’ll have to put on the pilot’s headset and use the mic button. Say something like **“MAYDAY MAYDAY our pilot has passed out”**, anyone hearing this would definitely assist (training on a simulator is a plus in this situation.) Gaining a little altitude to get good a good reception is also a good idea.
You could also try dialing 121.5 (aircraft emergency frequency ) and call for some help.
>
> The ***aircraft emergency frequency*** (also known as ***guard***) is a frequency
> used on the aircraft band reserved for emergency communications for
> aircraft in distress. The frequencies are *121.5 MHz* for civilian, also
> known as ***International Air Distress*** (IAD) or VHF Guard, and 243.0 MHz
> for military use, also known as *Military Air Distress* (MAD) or UHF
> Guard. [(Wikipedia)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft_emergency_frequency)
>
>
>
But remember it all happens very fast I'm sure. If the person flying doesn’t screw up completely like touch down at 120 kt or stalling etc. landing would be survivable with minimum injuries to everyone.
Also take the help of five C's that have been devised for the pilots in distress:
>
> In order to circumvent the effects of panic, the five C’s of aviation
> have been devised. *The five C’s are: Confess, climb, conserve fuel,
> communicate and comply.* [(Source)](http://www.golfhotelwhiskey.com/getting-lost/)
>
>
>
You can try keeping the aircraft clear of terrain, obstructions and densely populated area. Even if you couldn’t reach the ATC flying towards an open terrain or open water is the next best option (God forbid!). | 1. As much as possible, keep your hands off of the controls. A properly trimmed airplane will maintain straight and level flight. A human likely will not.
2. Tune the radio to 121.5 and call mayday. 121.5 will be monitored everywhere there is any ATC activity.
3. Follow the instructions of ATC.
4. Use the trim and throttle to descend. During landing, the elevator (pull back and push forward on the wheel) controls airspeed, the throttle controls altitude. Trim the airplane and use the throttle to control descent. More/less trim may be required. |
19,636 | *There is [another question](https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/8986) about airliners and if someone not qualified could land them. My question is about the steps I should take to stay alive in a small GA plane.*
---
Let say a friend of mine invites me aboard a small aircraft (like Cessna 172 or equivalent).
At some point my pilot friend passes out for some reason. What should I do considering the following:
* I'm not a pilot.
* I'm seated in the co-pilot seat.
* I spent hundreds of hours on Flight Simulator (a few years ago).
* I've been initiated to fly a small aircraft (1 session covering the very basics), but no take-off/landing exercises.
* The weather is good.
* Aircraft is in good condition.
* The tank is full.
* Area has ATC and I know how to operate the radio.
This is my guess:
1. Hold the plane's level and heading
2. Slap my friend to try to wake him up
3. Send "Mayday" asking for assistance and technical guidance
4. Try to follow ATC instructions as well as I can
Does this look good? What should be done differently? | 2015/09/03 | [
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/19636",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/users/10076/"
] | Step 1 not mentioned so far: keep the unconscious pilot from slumping forward into the controls. Their body pushing the yoke in would be a bad thing at this juncture. Cinch up on the shoulder harness and hang the flight bag strap or something similar on the pilot's forehead, with the bag hanging behind the seat.
Then do all the other things in the excellent answers here.
Many years ago I had my wife take a one-day course on exactly this scenario, called the Non-Pilot Pinch Hitters course. I don't know if it's still offered anywhere, but I found that AOPA has a [flash version online](http://flash.aopa.org/asf/pinch_hitter/swf/flash.cfm?keycode=FX07CRS&offercode=FX07CRS). It is most important to familiarize your flying companion ahead of time (assuming it's not a dog) with the radio and how to keep the wings level.
Here is the checklist from the AOPA course:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/7J3vx.png) | 1. As much as possible, keep your hands off of the controls. A properly trimmed airplane will maintain straight and level flight. A human likely will not.
2. Tune the radio to 121.5 and call mayday. 121.5 will be monitored everywhere there is any ATC activity.
3. Follow the instructions of ATC.
4. Use the trim and throttle to descend. During landing, the elevator (pull back and push forward on the wheel) controls airspeed, the throttle controls altitude. Trim the airplane and use the throttle to control descent. More/less trim may be required. |
19,636 | *There is [another question](https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/8986) about airliners and if someone not qualified could land them. My question is about the steps I should take to stay alive in a small GA plane.*
---
Let say a friend of mine invites me aboard a small aircraft (like Cessna 172 or equivalent).
At some point my pilot friend passes out for some reason. What should I do considering the following:
* I'm not a pilot.
* I'm seated in the co-pilot seat.
* I spent hundreds of hours on Flight Simulator (a few years ago).
* I've been initiated to fly a small aircraft (1 session covering the very basics), but no take-off/landing exercises.
* The weather is good.
* Aircraft is in good condition.
* The tank is full.
* Area has ATC and I know how to operate the radio.
This is my guess:
1. Hold the plane's level and heading
2. Slap my friend to try to wake him up
3. Send "Mayday" asking for assistance and technical guidance
4. Try to follow ATC instructions as well as I can
Does this look good? What should be done differently? | 2015/09/03 | [
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/19636",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/users/10076/"
] | Step 1 not mentioned so far: keep the unconscious pilot from slumping forward into the controls. Their body pushing the yoke in would be a bad thing at this juncture. Cinch up on the shoulder harness and hang the flight bag strap or something similar on the pilot's forehead, with the bag hanging behind the seat.
Then do all the other things in the excellent answers here.
Many years ago I had my wife take a one-day course on exactly this scenario, called the Non-Pilot Pinch Hitters course. I don't know if it's still offered anywhere, but I found that AOPA has a [flash version online](http://flash.aopa.org/asf/pinch_hitter/swf/flash.cfm?keycode=FX07CRS&offercode=FX07CRS). It is most important to familiarize your flying companion ahead of time (assuming it's not a dog) with the radio and how to keep the wings level.
Here is the checklist from the AOPA course:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/7J3vx.png) | Having spent a lot of time on flight simulator, and having done an intro lesson, is a big factor in your favor, because you know how to steer, ascend, descend, and *especially* trim for speed. What you may not know is how to work the radio, how to tune to 121.5 and how to press the talk button (and most importantly, release it). Then the only other thing that might be new to you is landing. So if they guide you to a long, wide strip, aligned with the wind, all you have to do is "ride the slide", and pull the throttle when you get to the ground. |
19,636 | *There is [another question](https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/8986) about airliners and if someone not qualified could land them. My question is about the steps I should take to stay alive in a small GA plane.*
---
Let say a friend of mine invites me aboard a small aircraft (like Cessna 172 or equivalent).
At some point my pilot friend passes out for some reason. What should I do considering the following:
* I'm not a pilot.
* I'm seated in the co-pilot seat.
* I spent hundreds of hours on Flight Simulator (a few years ago).
* I've been initiated to fly a small aircraft (1 session covering the very basics), but no take-off/landing exercises.
* The weather is good.
* Aircraft is in good condition.
* The tank is full.
* Area has ATC and I know how to operate the radio.
This is my guess:
1. Hold the plane's level and heading
2. Slap my friend to try to wake him up
3. Send "Mayday" asking for assistance and technical guidance
4. Try to follow ATC instructions as well as I can
Does this look good? What should be done differently? | 2015/09/03 | [
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/19636",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/users/10076/"
] | This has happened before and it usually ends ok, the most important thing is to keep calm. One suggestion I would have is instead of flying straight and level I would fly a box over the current location while you speak to ATC. This will keep you in range of the ATC station you are talking to and keep you out of trouble. If you fly straight and level the terrain may come up to meet you, you could fly out to sea, or you could blunder into O'Hare's airspace with all the fun that would ensue. Try to maintain the same altitude as if you are at cruise the mixture should be set for that altitude.
A few things to add to your list:
* You need to apply carburetor heat about every 15 minutes unless the aircraft is fuel injected. If you don't do this your carb could ice up and you could lose power. This is done by pulling the carb heat knob (or lever, depending on the AC) for 20 seconds or so and then pushing it back in
* Fuel management: depending on the aircraft you may need to switch tanks. A C172 (and most high-wing airplanes) is generally set to both tanks in which case it's not an issue but in low-wing airplanes you will need to regularly switch tanks (say every half an hour) to keep the fuel balanced, otherwise you could run out of fuel in a tank and down you go with a full tank in the other wing. On a PA-28 the fuel selector is by the pilot's left knee which would make things interesting. Make sure you don't accidentally switch the fuel off!
* Slapping someone isn't the best way to wake them up, pinch their earlobe as hard as you can with as much fingernail as possible, or push a pen into it. It's very painful, if anything will wake him/her that's it | Here's my guess as a non pilot.
You'd probably have to ask your friend in advance how exactly to do 3. I suspect doing 1 and 3 simultaneous will be taxing for anyone who hasn't flown a real aircraft.
You might want to know how to set the transponder (if present) and what code it should "squawk".
If the pilot passed out immediately after take-off before reaching cruise altitude, you might not want to maintain that flight level - there might be trees or hills ahead.
I think the pilot's order of priorities is aviate, navigate, communicate. |
19,636 | *There is [another question](https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/8986) about airliners and if someone not qualified could land them. My question is about the steps I should take to stay alive in a small GA plane.*
---
Let say a friend of mine invites me aboard a small aircraft (like Cessna 172 or equivalent).
At some point my pilot friend passes out for some reason. What should I do considering the following:
* I'm not a pilot.
* I'm seated in the co-pilot seat.
* I spent hundreds of hours on Flight Simulator (a few years ago).
* I've been initiated to fly a small aircraft (1 session covering the very basics), but no take-off/landing exercises.
* The weather is good.
* Aircraft is in good condition.
* The tank is full.
* Area has ATC and I know how to operate the radio.
This is my guess:
1. Hold the plane's level and heading
2. Slap my friend to try to wake him up
3. Send "Mayday" asking for assistance and technical guidance
4. Try to follow ATC instructions as well as I can
Does this look good? What should be done differently? | 2015/09/03 | [
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/19636",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/users/10076/"
] | This has happened before and it usually ends ok, the most important thing is to keep calm. One suggestion I would have is instead of flying straight and level I would fly a box over the current location while you speak to ATC. This will keep you in range of the ATC station you are talking to and keep you out of trouble. If you fly straight and level the terrain may come up to meet you, you could fly out to sea, or you could blunder into O'Hare's airspace with all the fun that would ensue. Try to maintain the same altitude as if you are at cruise the mixture should be set for that altitude.
A few things to add to your list:
* You need to apply carburetor heat about every 15 minutes unless the aircraft is fuel injected. If you don't do this your carb could ice up and you could lose power. This is done by pulling the carb heat knob (or lever, depending on the AC) for 20 seconds or so and then pushing it back in
* Fuel management: depending on the aircraft you may need to switch tanks. A C172 (and most high-wing airplanes) is generally set to both tanks in which case it's not an issue but in low-wing airplanes you will need to regularly switch tanks (say every half an hour) to keep the fuel balanced, otherwise you could run out of fuel in a tank and down you go with a full tank in the other wing. On a PA-28 the fuel selector is by the pilot's left knee which would make things interesting. Make sure you don't accidentally switch the fuel off!
* Slapping someone isn't the best way to wake them up, pinch their earlobe as hard as you can with as much fingernail as possible, or push a pen into it. It's very painful, if anything will wake him/her that's it | 1. As much as possible, keep your hands off of the controls. A properly trimmed airplane will maintain straight and level flight. A human likely will not.
2. Tune the radio to 121.5 and call mayday. 121.5 will be monitored everywhere there is any ATC activity.
3. Follow the instructions of ATC.
4. Use the trim and throttle to descend. During landing, the elevator (pull back and push forward on the wheel) controls airspeed, the throttle controls altitude. Trim the airplane and use the throttle to control descent. More/less trim may be required. |
19,636 | *There is [another question](https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/8986) about airliners and if someone not qualified could land them. My question is about the steps I should take to stay alive in a small GA plane.*
---
Let say a friend of mine invites me aboard a small aircraft (like Cessna 172 or equivalent).
At some point my pilot friend passes out for some reason. What should I do considering the following:
* I'm not a pilot.
* I'm seated in the co-pilot seat.
* I spent hundreds of hours on Flight Simulator (a few years ago).
* I've been initiated to fly a small aircraft (1 session covering the very basics), but no take-off/landing exercises.
* The weather is good.
* Aircraft is in good condition.
* The tank is full.
* Area has ATC and I know how to operate the radio.
This is my guess:
1. Hold the plane's level and heading
2. Slap my friend to try to wake him up
3. Send "Mayday" asking for assistance and technical guidance
4. Try to follow ATC instructions as well as I can
Does this look good? What should be done differently? | 2015/09/03 | [
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/19636",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/users/10076/"
] | Step 1 not mentioned so far: keep the unconscious pilot from slumping forward into the controls. Their body pushing the yoke in would be a bad thing at this juncture. Cinch up on the shoulder harness and hang the flight bag strap or something similar on the pilot's forehead, with the bag hanging behind the seat.
Then do all the other things in the excellent answers here.
Many years ago I had my wife take a one-day course on exactly this scenario, called the Non-Pilot Pinch Hitters course. I don't know if it's still offered anywhere, but I found that AOPA has a [flash version online](http://flash.aopa.org/asf/pinch_hitter/swf/flash.cfm?keycode=FX07CRS&offercode=FX07CRS). It is most important to familiarize your flying companion ahead of time (assuming it's not a dog) with the radio and how to keep the wings level.
Here is the checklist from the AOPA course:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/7J3vx.png) | The feel of the controls is one of the things that you will really have to get your head round really quickly if this is the first time you have touched them.
You don't move the controls you just apply a little bit of pressure, unlike a flight sim which has a totally unrealistic feel on the controls, and this alters with the airspeed of the aircraft. You have to be able to handle the aircraft quite precisely to be able to safely land, whereas most people even with flight sim experience take quite a few hours of instruction to be safe enough to go solo.
I read about a crash in the UK where the pilot was incapacitated and the passenger had been shown how to bail out. He couldn't get the hood open because it was heavy and the aircraft hit the ground with him clawing at the hood. All he needed to do was pull the stick back and he would have had more time.
I would say, feeling the controls, just try to get the aircraft level and under control and at a constant speed, will be more difficult than you think it might be, and also to stay calm so you can think and relate to what air traffic are saying. This is a lot easier said than done given that you are just about to die if you do something wrong.
Just a small thing like not already talking to air traffic and not knowing the emergency frequency (or not knowing where the transmit button is) could panic you and ruin your whole day, or pulling the mixture back instead of the throttle. There are loads of things that could go wrong in real life even though you can fly the sim through a keyboard.
On the other hand if you can reach the ground under control at the correct (slowest safe) speed - about 1.2 - 1.3 times the stall speed, you don't need to speak to anyone or do anything else, the chances are you could live, especially if you reach the ground on an airport where there are emergency services to extract you from the aircraft. But then, you might know the stall speed in the sim, how do you really know it in the real aircraft you are in at the time? None of this is as easy as you think! |
19,636 | *There is [another question](https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/8986) about airliners and if someone not qualified could land them. My question is about the steps I should take to stay alive in a small GA plane.*
---
Let say a friend of mine invites me aboard a small aircraft (like Cessna 172 or equivalent).
At some point my pilot friend passes out for some reason. What should I do considering the following:
* I'm not a pilot.
* I'm seated in the co-pilot seat.
* I spent hundreds of hours on Flight Simulator (a few years ago).
* I've been initiated to fly a small aircraft (1 session covering the very basics), but no take-off/landing exercises.
* The weather is good.
* Aircraft is in good condition.
* The tank is full.
* Area has ATC and I know how to operate the radio.
This is my guess:
1. Hold the plane's level and heading
2. Slap my friend to try to wake him up
3. Send "Mayday" asking for assistance and technical guidance
4. Try to follow ATC instructions as well as I can
Does this look good? What should be done differently? | 2015/09/03 | [
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/19636",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/users/10076/"
] | Here's my guess as a non pilot.
You'd probably have to ask your friend in advance how exactly to do 3. I suspect doing 1 and 3 simultaneous will be taxing for anyone who hasn't flown a real aircraft.
You might want to know how to set the transponder (if present) and what code it should "squawk".
If the pilot passed out immediately after take-off before reaching cruise altitude, you might not want to maintain that flight level - there might be trees or hills ahead.
I think the pilot's order of priorities is aviate, navigate, communicate. | The feel of the controls is one of the things that you will really have to get your head round really quickly if this is the first time you have touched them.
You don't move the controls you just apply a little bit of pressure, unlike a flight sim which has a totally unrealistic feel on the controls, and this alters with the airspeed of the aircraft. You have to be able to handle the aircraft quite precisely to be able to safely land, whereas most people even with flight sim experience take quite a few hours of instruction to be safe enough to go solo.
I read about a crash in the UK where the pilot was incapacitated and the passenger had been shown how to bail out. He couldn't get the hood open because it was heavy and the aircraft hit the ground with him clawing at the hood. All he needed to do was pull the stick back and he would have had more time.
I would say, feeling the controls, just try to get the aircraft level and under control and at a constant speed, will be more difficult than you think it might be, and also to stay calm so you can think and relate to what air traffic are saying. This is a lot easier said than done given that you are just about to die if you do something wrong.
Just a small thing like not already talking to air traffic and not knowing the emergency frequency (or not knowing where the transmit button is) could panic you and ruin your whole day, or pulling the mixture back instead of the throttle. There are loads of things that could go wrong in real life even though you can fly the sim through a keyboard.
On the other hand if you can reach the ground under control at the correct (slowest safe) speed - about 1.2 - 1.3 times the stall speed, you don't need to speak to anyone or do anything else, the chances are you could live, especially if you reach the ground on an airport where there are emergency services to extract you from the aircraft. But then, you might know the stall speed in the sim, how do you really know it in the real aircraft you are in at the time? None of this is as easy as you think! |
19,636 | *There is [another question](https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/8986) about airliners and if someone not qualified could land them. My question is about the steps I should take to stay alive in a small GA plane.*
---
Let say a friend of mine invites me aboard a small aircraft (like Cessna 172 or equivalent).
At some point my pilot friend passes out for some reason. What should I do considering the following:
* I'm not a pilot.
* I'm seated in the co-pilot seat.
* I spent hundreds of hours on Flight Simulator (a few years ago).
* I've been initiated to fly a small aircraft (1 session covering the very basics), but no take-off/landing exercises.
* The weather is good.
* Aircraft is in good condition.
* The tank is full.
* Area has ATC and I know how to operate the radio.
This is my guess:
1. Hold the plane's level and heading
2. Slap my friend to try to wake him up
3. Send "Mayday" asking for assistance and technical guidance
4. Try to follow ATC instructions as well as I can
Does this look good? What should be done differently? | 2015/09/03 | [
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/19636",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/users/10076/"
] | Best case scenario: You're straight and level, on frequency with some form of human being, there's no immediate danger and you have the know-how to transmit. In that case, that human will provide you with everything they possibly can to help you. Most important thing for you to do is keep the aircraft away from clouds, away from terrain and not panic. You'll probably be in an aircraft that is more-or-less easy to fly in this situation. Most GA aircraft are quite stable and will not be a beast to control.
Once talking to ATC they will tell you to set your transponder to a number. You should find somewhere a 4-digit readout with a knob below/above each digit. Set the number indicated to help ATC identify you easily.
Otherwise, look around you for big landmarks (Mountains, Lakes, even a large Church/Cathedral) as one of the first things ATC will want to do is work out where you are.
---
That's best case; let's look at some alternatives.
*You're out of range of the tuned frequency on the radio, or there is no response*:
Tune 121.5MHz, this is the [emergency frequency](https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/809/is-there-a-dedicated-emergency-frequency). Someone will be monitoring this channel and be able to give you further advice - if nothing else a local ATC channel to tune. Failing this see if your pilot has a chart handy, he may have drawn his intended route on it - look along that route for anything that looks like a frequency to tune into the radio.
*Aircraft is climbing, or descending*:
Get the aircraft into safe, level flight. Remember controls work in the opposite sense to what you might expect (probably not if you've ever played any flight simulator). If the engine is roaring reduce power slightly. If you appear to be losing altitude with the nose on the horizon increase power slightly. Do everything with tiny incremental changes. Try not to fiddle too much with controls, only what is necessary.
*Aircraft is heading directly for a cloud/out to the sea/towards a heavily built up area/a big airport*:
Turn 180 degrees - don't try to turn too quickly, it should take roughly 30 seconds to 1 minute to complete this turn.
---
There are courses which are aimed at non-pilots who regularly fly in the right hand seat. Here's some interesting reading:
<http://www.avweb.com/news/safety/183023-1.html> | Here's my guess as a non pilot.
You'd probably have to ask your friend in advance how exactly to do 3. I suspect doing 1 and 3 simultaneous will be taxing for anyone who hasn't flown a real aircraft.
You might want to know how to set the transponder (if present) and what code it should "squawk".
If the pilot passed out immediately after take-off before reaching cruise altitude, you might not want to maintain that flight level - there might be trees or hills ahead.
I think the pilot's order of priorities is aviate, navigate, communicate. |
56,200 | I know that in the day of judgment those that didn't have any possibility to learn Islam will have a parallel world that will last 50 thousand years created for them and will be tested by being sent a prophet.
Imagine those countless indigenous tribe in the Americas that didn't have any possibility of learning Islam. They had completely different religions from Islam and completely different obligations and prohibitions.
Allah says: To every folk we have given their laws.
1. Does it mean only Islamic laws or all laws including polytheistic and atheistic laws?
2. If a polytheist that lived 16 centuries ago in the middle of the
jungle faithfully followed the obligations and prohibitions of his
religion, will he be rewarded for that?
3. Are their sins written according to Islamic law or the laws of the
polytheistic religion they have?
Certainly a polytheist that disobeys and does grave sins according to his polytheistic religion, like insulting an idol and not respecting obligations of his idolatrous religion, not because he believes in Islam, but because he is arrogant, cannot be the same with a humble idolater. He insults his idolatrous religion out of arrogance and not because he believes Islam.
**What can we say about other sins like murder, theft, treachery?**
Are they written by the angels according to Islamic law or the polytheistic religion they belonged to? What about those that were atheistic and lived in the middle of the Amazon forest before Columbus discovered America. According to which laws are their sins and good deeds written? | 2019/07/28 | [
"https://islam.stackexchange.com/questions/56200",
"https://islam.stackexchange.com",
"https://islam.stackexchange.com/users/47868/"
] | I will try to answer your question by breaking it into smaller parts.
**Can you provide a reference to the below statement of yours from the Quran or Sahih Hadiths:**
>
> I know that in the day of judgment those that didn't have any
> possibility to learn Islam will have a parallel world that will last
> 50 thousand years created for them and will be tested by being sent a
> prophet.
>
>
>
I haven't come across one, hence the curiosity.
**In the second part, you mainly inquire if people before Prophet Muhammed (SAW) will be judged according to the parameters set by Islam.**
The answer is **No**
From Hadiths, we know that Allah has sent 124,000 Prophets to humankind & jinnkind.
Some of them were sent to preach to their villages, some to their own communities and some to just their families. There were also periods when at the same time there were more than one Prophet at a place. And there were other times were there were multiple Prophets but in different places at the same time.
All of them may have had a different Sharia but the foundation was the same (monotheism).
We can observe this by analyzing the fasting rituals of the Jews and Muslims. The Jews have a more strenuous obligation to fast when compared to the Muslims. They had different laws applicable to them while the Muslims have a different set of laws to obey. Yet at the very base, both of the religions preach worship of One God.
It is believed that almost all tribes in the world (whether they be in Africa, Americas, Australia or Asia) have being sent a Prophet. By name we are aware of only about 25 Prophets (most of whom are Biblical).
Historically Atheism has had a very small following and at best had cult status. It is only in the last 3-4 centuries that it has garnered much steam thanks to the industrial revolution and the increase in capitalistic values among the masses.
W.r.t the discovery of Americas, it is now an established fact that Columbus did not discover the Americas. There were human beings who lived in great civilizations (Aztecs, Mayans) and in smaller tribes across both the continents. ***It is their ancestors who migrated either from Polynesia or the Bering Bridge who in reality should get credit for discovering the Americas.*** Also to be noted is that the Vikings has set foot on the Americas hundreds of years before Columbus.
**To conclude, each person will be held accountable to the prevailing Sharia in his/her time and location.** For our Ummah, it is the Shariah brought by Prophet Muhammed through Islam. | **Let me answer your question on two parts:**
**First:**
Islam is as our prophet Muhammad explained
>
> " Who is Muslim?
>
>
> A Muslim is whom people are safe from his tongue and his hands".
>
>
>
**Second:**
Good deeds are written by angels, but the bad ones is not written unless you know it is bad.
In your example you said
>
> What about those that were atheistic and lived in the middle of the
> Amazon forest before Columbus discovered America. According to which
> laws are their sins and good deeds written?
>
>
>
If they know what they are doing is wrong then a sin shall be written, if they don't know then no sin shall be written as they didn't have any messenger to someone to tell them what is right and what is wrong.
Allah treats people by justice, and this justice required knowledge to be asked for. Can you imagine if you went to an exam, you will be asked for whatever you have studied only, correct.
I hope I've answered your question. |
992,374 | Is there any Object Oriented C++ library for ssh and scp. BSD license would be preferred.
I could find libssh and libssh2. But these are all procedural. | 2009/06/14 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/992374",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/122668/"
] | Take a look at NetSieben SSH Library - an open source ssh client library in C++:
<http://freshmeat.net/projects/net7ssh/> | I use cryptlib for this. It is free for Opensource and Freeware applications and easy to use.
<http://www.cs.auckland.ac.nz/~pgut001/cryptlib/>
/mspoerr |
992,374 | Is there any Object Oriented C++ library for ssh and scp. BSD license would be preferred.
I could find libssh and libssh2. But these are all procedural. | 2009/06/14 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/992374",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/122668/"
] | With libssh version 0.5 the library comes with a nice C++ wrapper. It's in the include directory and called libsshpp.h
I hope this will suite your needs. Else open a feature request. | Take a look at NetSieben SSH Library - an open source ssh client library in C++:
<http://freshmeat.net/projects/net7ssh/> |
992,374 | Is there any Object Oriented C++ library for ssh and scp. BSD license would be preferred.
I could find libssh and libssh2. But these are all procedural. | 2009/06/14 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/992374",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/122668/"
] | With libssh version 0.5 the library comes with a nice C++ wrapper. It's in the include directory and called libsshpp.h
I hope this will suite your needs. Else open a feature request. | I use cryptlib for this. It is free for Opensource and Freeware applications and easy to use.
<http://www.cs.auckland.ac.nz/~pgut001/cryptlib/>
/mspoerr |
243,635 | As much as the answer is known to be a "Yes", I want to understand the following:
1. Can I buy a preowned (used-very good/like new) game to use in PS4?
2. What should I not be expecting from a used/pre-owned PS4 game?
The question behind this is the Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare which I believe has gone down to an affordable range and I think I can buy one. But wasn't sure if I can actually play it normally? | 2015/11/16 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/243635",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/96084/"
] | As [DGarvanski has already covered](https://gaming.stackexchange.com/a/243637/73976), there isn't any weird checking if you want to use pre-owned games on PS4. Like most pre-owned games however, *if* there was any additional content that was unlocked by the use of downloadable content, or passes or something similar, the likelihood of this still being available for a pre-owned game is unlikely, as they are only one-time use.
For future reference, Playstation have released an official guide for sharing/using pre-owned games on the Playstation 4 system: | **Yes, you can play it normally.**
The PS4 allows the use of pre-owned games without any online checks or weird DRM. I've checked and Call of Duty: AW has no "Online Pass" system in place so you wouldn't have to buy anything extra in order to play. The only thing that will be different is if you buy a special edition since you wouldn't have access to the DLC that comes with that edition unless you buy it separately . However, the PS4 will not have any problems with you playing a used copy. |
2,125 | I am new to mechanical engineering, although I have a scientific background (postgrad in Mathematics), and I (mostly) code for a living.
I have an idea about creating a mechanical device; I envisage it will entail gears, linkages and actuators.
I have a rough idea where things will fit but I would like to be able to test and tweak the design in software before building the actual device. As a point of clarification, when I say "test," I mean view via animation, for example, whether two items will collide when in motion, or if there is sufficient leeway between them as they move past each other.
This allows me to do the design and simulation testing of the parts, before finalising the design and then building the physical system from the design.
The stages are:
1. Build the 3D design in software
2. Run simulation to see if it "works," if not fix design and iterate
3. Build physical system from design that "works"
I have figured out that the system consists of three subsystems working together.
So, I would like to design and test each sub-component before integrating them into the complete system.
### My question then is this:
* Is this how design is done in the real world?
* What are the pros and cons of the scheme I have planned?
I am intending to use FreeCAD to do the design and testing. | 2015/03/18 | [
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com/questions/2125",
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com/users/932/"
] | **Answer: Yes**, this is exactly how it is done in the real world. What you have described is what I do in my job to check systems in CAD.
Since you indicated you would like me to step through my design process, I have detailed it below. Note that most of this does not involve CAD. CAD is invaluable, but only if you are prepared to get out the pencil and paper first. Also note that this is just *my* design process, it is by no means the only way to go about things.
Preparation
===========
When I begin any design, I start by figuring out general parameters like what space will it need to fit into, what it needs to interface with, what the input and output will be. Lets say (for sake of a concrete example) that I'm making a machine that takes in a long pice of pipe and cuts it into predetermined sections. My first steps would be to determine the size and material of pipe that I want to input, what lengths the machine should cut the pipe into, what method I'm going to use to cut the pipe, and how much space I have on the shop floor for said machine.
I would then proceed to make a really rough sketch of what I'm thinking. In the pipe cutter example, it might be as simple as a box labeled "cutter" and a line labeled with the pipe weight diameter and length.
The next step is to do some math to figure out what forces, speeds, etc will be required. Since you said you come from a mathematics background, I won't dwell on this too much.
I usually make another sketch here, except now I have some feel for how big my components will need to be because I know the forces involved.
After I do the math, I look for commercial parts that fulfill my needs and (if possible) download CAD files or mechanical drawings for those parts.
Once I have some commercial parts, I'll make another sketch, this time showing the relative positions of my commercial parts with their interfaces labeled so I know what kind of support structure I have to build.
3D Modeling
===========
At this point, I finally break out the CAD package. I start by making 3D models of whatever commercial parts I have that don't have 3D models available online and then proceed to my support structure parts and finlly assemble all the parts into an assembly.
Here's the part you are probably very curious about if you have never used CAD before.
In 3D CAD, you should draw each part (usually either something that comes as a commercial part or is made from a single piece of material in its own part file. Once you have part files, you can make what is called an assembly. An assembly allows you to select several part files and define the linkages between them. CAD programs have no sense of "collisions" so you have to tell the program which faces are aligned with other faces, what distance apart they are, etc. Each part starts out with six degrees of freedom and each constraint reduces the degrees of freedom by some amount. Specifying two faces are parallel removes one degree of freedom, a mate (two surfaces are coincident) removes two or three, etc.
FreeCad
-------
I haven't used FreeCad, so I can't comment specifically on what the pros and cons will be, but my guess is this: the pros will be that it is free and you will see what dimensions work and what doesn't work, the cons will be that commercial software would have been easier to use. | CAD is essential for determining Geometrical interference and special design. If Finite Elements are used in the CAD package, the data can be used for stress and strain calculations (determining if the system will withstand the loads). This can get complicated since if a system is going to be dynamic, there are static loads and dynamic loads. Dynamic loads need to be calculated when the model is subjected to varying loads.
In addition to mechanical strength, there are other parameters that need to be determined by using a simulation. Suppose you are designing a suspension system. The spring constant of the spring and the damping constant of the damper need to be selected using a simulation. A mathematical simulation can be developed using either Simulink or coding it up in a computer language. Using expected force profiles and test conditions the parameters can be determined using the simulation. |
2,125 | I am new to mechanical engineering, although I have a scientific background (postgrad in Mathematics), and I (mostly) code for a living.
I have an idea about creating a mechanical device; I envisage it will entail gears, linkages and actuators.
I have a rough idea where things will fit but I would like to be able to test and tweak the design in software before building the actual device. As a point of clarification, when I say "test," I mean view via animation, for example, whether two items will collide when in motion, or if there is sufficient leeway between them as they move past each other.
This allows me to do the design and simulation testing of the parts, before finalising the design and then building the physical system from the design.
The stages are:
1. Build the 3D design in software
2. Run simulation to see if it "works," if not fix design and iterate
3. Build physical system from design that "works"
I have figured out that the system consists of three subsystems working together.
So, I would like to design and test each sub-component before integrating them into the complete system.
### My question then is this:
* Is this how design is done in the real world?
* What are the pros and cons of the scheme I have planned?
I am intending to use FreeCAD to do the design and testing. | 2015/03/18 | [
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com/questions/2125",
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com/users/932/"
] | **Answer: Yes**, this is exactly how it is done in the real world. What you have described is what I do in my job to check systems in CAD.
Since you indicated you would like me to step through my design process, I have detailed it below. Note that most of this does not involve CAD. CAD is invaluable, but only if you are prepared to get out the pencil and paper first. Also note that this is just *my* design process, it is by no means the only way to go about things.
Preparation
===========
When I begin any design, I start by figuring out general parameters like what space will it need to fit into, what it needs to interface with, what the input and output will be. Lets say (for sake of a concrete example) that I'm making a machine that takes in a long pice of pipe and cuts it into predetermined sections. My first steps would be to determine the size and material of pipe that I want to input, what lengths the machine should cut the pipe into, what method I'm going to use to cut the pipe, and how much space I have on the shop floor for said machine.
I would then proceed to make a really rough sketch of what I'm thinking. In the pipe cutter example, it might be as simple as a box labeled "cutter" and a line labeled with the pipe weight diameter and length.
The next step is to do some math to figure out what forces, speeds, etc will be required. Since you said you come from a mathematics background, I won't dwell on this too much.
I usually make another sketch here, except now I have some feel for how big my components will need to be because I know the forces involved.
After I do the math, I look for commercial parts that fulfill my needs and (if possible) download CAD files or mechanical drawings for those parts.
Once I have some commercial parts, I'll make another sketch, this time showing the relative positions of my commercial parts with their interfaces labeled so I know what kind of support structure I have to build.
3D Modeling
===========
At this point, I finally break out the CAD package. I start by making 3D models of whatever commercial parts I have that don't have 3D models available online and then proceed to my support structure parts and finlly assemble all the parts into an assembly.
Here's the part you are probably very curious about if you have never used CAD before.
In 3D CAD, you should draw each part (usually either something that comes as a commercial part or is made from a single piece of material in its own part file. Once you have part files, you can make what is called an assembly. An assembly allows you to select several part files and define the linkages between them. CAD programs have no sense of "collisions" so you have to tell the program which faces are aligned with other faces, what distance apart they are, etc. Each part starts out with six degrees of freedom and each constraint reduces the degrees of freedom by some amount. Specifying two faces are parallel removes one degree of freedom, a mate (two surfaces are coincident) removes two or three, etc.
FreeCad
-------
I haven't used FreeCad, so I can't comment specifically on what the pros and cons will be, but my guess is this: the pros will be that it is free and you will see what dimensions work and what doesn't work, the cons will be that commercial software would have been easier to use. | I work for a fortune 500 mechanical engineering company.
The process of product development in an mechanical system is broadly:
I assume that you have a complete specification of things like forces, temperatures, pressures etc. and can begin designing straight away. The first thing is to start generating design concepts that might or might not meet the specification. This is a combination of selecting the geometry that will accomplish the task, the material that will enable ease of manufacture and performance at all operating conditions, with the right structural integrity properties to last for the specified design life.
This design is completed in a CAD package, where the solid components are modeled.
From there, assemblies and production drawings can be made, but first we must validate our design with some analysis. This can be basic math and physics to show the dimensions will work within the design envelope, basic kinematics and kinetics, or mass balances for a design that processes a fluid for example.
More accurate analysis requires the use of sophisticated methods implemented in software known as CAE (computer aided engineering) or ALD (analysis led design)
For studying stresses and strains, temperatures, and to some extent fluids, the finite element method is used to calculate local properties based on a meshed model and some boundary conditions.
For studying fluid interaction with the geometry and looking at pressures, temperatures, and other fluid and thermal properties, computational fluid dynamics is used. This is most commonly an implementation of the finite volume method.
You alluded to simulate and iterate. That is essentially how the process is done. However, statistically verified methods are used using design of experiments theory to produce optimized design configurations. |
2,125 | I am new to mechanical engineering, although I have a scientific background (postgrad in Mathematics), and I (mostly) code for a living.
I have an idea about creating a mechanical device; I envisage it will entail gears, linkages and actuators.
I have a rough idea where things will fit but I would like to be able to test and tweak the design in software before building the actual device. As a point of clarification, when I say "test," I mean view via animation, for example, whether two items will collide when in motion, or if there is sufficient leeway between them as they move past each other.
This allows me to do the design and simulation testing of the parts, before finalising the design and then building the physical system from the design.
The stages are:
1. Build the 3D design in software
2. Run simulation to see if it "works," if not fix design and iterate
3. Build physical system from design that "works"
I have figured out that the system consists of three subsystems working together.
So, I would like to design and test each sub-component before integrating them into the complete system.
### My question then is this:
* Is this how design is done in the real world?
* What are the pros and cons of the scheme I have planned?
I am intending to use FreeCAD to do the design and testing. | 2015/03/18 | [
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com/questions/2125",
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com/users/932/"
] | **Answer: Yes**, this is exactly how it is done in the real world. What you have described is what I do in my job to check systems in CAD.
Since you indicated you would like me to step through my design process, I have detailed it below. Note that most of this does not involve CAD. CAD is invaluable, but only if you are prepared to get out the pencil and paper first. Also note that this is just *my* design process, it is by no means the only way to go about things.
Preparation
===========
When I begin any design, I start by figuring out general parameters like what space will it need to fit into, what it needs to interface with, what the input and output will be. Lets say (for sake of a concrete example) that I'm making a machine that takes in a long pice of pipe and cuts it into predetermined sections. My first steps would be to determine the size and material of pipe that I want to input, what lengths the machine should cut the pipe into, what method I'm going to use to cut the pipe, and how much space I have on the shop floor for said machine.
I would then proceed to make a really rough sketch of what I'm thinking. In the pipe cutter example, it might be as simple as a box labeled "cutter" and a line labeled with the pipe weight diameter and length.
The next step is to do some math to figure out what forces, speeds, etc will be required. Since you said you come from a mathematics background, I won't dwell on this too much.
I usually make another sketch here, except now I have some feel for how big my components will need to be because I know the forces involved.
After I do the math, I look for commercial parts that fulfill my needs and (if possible) download CAD files or mechanical drawings for those parts.
Once I have some commercial parts, I'll make another sketch, this time showing the relative positions of my commercial parts with their interfaces labeled so I know what kind of support structure I have to build.
3D Modeling
===========
At this point, I finally break out the CAD package. I start by making 3D models of whatever commercial parts I have that don't have 3D models available online and then proceed to my support structure parts and finlly assemble all the parts into an assembly.
Here's the part you are probably very curious about if you have never used CAD before.
In 3D CAD, you should draw each part (usually either something that comes as a commercial part or is made from a single piece of material in its own part file. Once you have part files, you can make what is called an assembly. An assembly allows you to select several part files and define the linkages between them. CAD programs have no sense of "collisions" so you have to tell the program which faces are aligned with other faces, what distance apart they are, etc. Each part starts out with six degrees of freedom and each constraint reduces the degrees of freedom by some amount. Specifying two faces are parallel removes one degree of freedom, a mate (two surfaces are coincident) removes two or three, etc.
FreeCad
-------
I haven't used FreeCad, so I can't comment specifically on what the pros and cons will be, but my guess is this: the pros will be that it is free and you will see what dimensions work and what doesn't work, the cons will be that commercial software would have been easier to use. | Not sure how you've gotten on but I'm in the same boat and have gotten stumped...
"it will entail gears, linkages and actuators" I believe is very difficult for the hobbyist. This level of modelling requires professional design software costing ££££. If you can get that, then all is well after you've engaged with the 3D modelling way of thinking. It's not like 2D drafting.
Specifically, I've been testing FreeCAD 0.16 (the current stable[?] version) and been disappointed. It's not really at a usable point yet. I'm think that it might never reach usability as a lot of open source packages don't, such as the 2D LibreCAD. It also can't deal with more than one part, so can only try to model a link, not linkages.
As you're academically linked, might I suggest getting a student /academic license for something like SolidWorks or SolidEdge. There might also be Fusion 360. They work well and are of a suitable stature for linkages and such. They also allow the range of motion to be modelled. Unfortunately for me as a Linux user, there are no free usable 3D modelling packages at this time. |
2,125 | I am new to mechanical engineering, although I have a scientific background (postgrad in Mathematics), and I (mostly) code for a living.
I have an idea about creating a mechanical device; I envisage it will entail gears, linkages and actuators.
I have a rough idea where things will fit but I would like to be able to test and tweak the design in software before building the actual device. As a point of clarification, when I say "test," I mean view via animation, for example, whether two items will collide when in motion, or if there is sufficient leeway between them as they move past each other.
This allows me to do the design and simulation testing of the parts, before finalising the design and then building the physical system from the design.
The stages are:
1. Build the 3D design in software
2. Run simulation to see if it "works," if not fix design and iterate
3. Build physical system from design that "works"
I have figured out that the system consists of three subsystems working together.
So, I would like to design and test each sub-component before integrating them into the complete system.
### My question then is this:
* Is this how design is done in the real world?
* What are the pros and cons of the scheme I have planned?
I am intending to use FreeCAD to do the design and testing. | 2015/03/18 | [
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com/questions/2125",
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com/users/932/"
] | **Answer: Yes**, this is exactly how it is done in the real world. What you have described is what I do in my job to check systems in CAD.
Since you indicated you would like me to step through my design process, I have detailed it below. Note that most of this does not involve CAD. CAD is invaluable, but only if you are prepared to get out the pencil and paper first. Also note that this is just *my* design process, it is by no means the only way to go about things.
Preparation
===========
When I begin any design, I start by figuring out general parameters like what space will it need to fit into, what it needs to interface with, what the input and output will be. Lets say (for sake of a concrete example) that I'm making a machine that takes in a long pice of pipe and cuts it into predetermined sections. My first steps would be to determine the size and material of pipe that I want to input, what lengths the machine should cut the pipe into, what method I'm going to use to cut the pipe, and how much space I have on the shop floor for said machine.
I would then proceed to make a really rough sketch of what I'm thinking. In the pipe cutter example, it might be as simple as a box labeled "cutter" and a line labeled with the pipe weight diameter and length.
The next step is to do some math to figure out what forces, speeds, etc will be required. Since you said you come from a mathematics background, I won't dwell on this too much.
I usually make another sketch here, except now I have some feel for how big my components will need to be because I know the forces involved.
After I do the math, I look for commercial parts that fulfill my needs and (if possible) download CAD files or mechanical drawings for those parts.
Once I have some commercial parts, I'll make another sketch, this time showing the relative positions of my commercial parts with their interfaces labeled so I know what kind of support structure I have to build.
3D Modeling
===========
At this point, I finally break out the CAD package. I start by making 3D models of whatever commercial parts I have that don't have 3D models available online and then proceed to my support structure parts and finlly assemble all the parts into an assembly.
Here's the part you are probably very curious about if you have never used CAD before.
In 3D CAD, you should draw each part (usually either something that comes as a commercial part or is made from a single piece of material in its own part file. Once you have part files, you can make what is called an assembly. An assembly allows you to select several part files and define the linkages between them. CAD programs have no sense of "collisions" so you have to tell the program which faces are aligned with other faces, what distance apart they are, etc. Each part starts out with six degrees of freedom and each constraint reduces the degrees of freedom by some amount. Specifying two faces are parallel removes one degree of freedom, a mate (two surfaces are coincident) removes two or three, etc.
FreeCad
-------
I haven't used FreeCad, so I can't comment specifically on what the pros and cons will be, but my guess is this: the pros will be that it is free and you will see what dimensions work and what doesn't work, the cons will be that commercial software would have been easier to use. | >
> I am new to mechanical engineering, although I have a scientific
> background (postgrad in Mathematics), and I (mostly) code for a
> living.
>
>
>
My observation is that there are plenty of analogues between how software is designed, tested for, coded (heh, in that order), and distributed - and how mechanical models are described in CAD. Maybe this is because most of what I do is parametric modeling, e.g. describing the computer a recipe on how to produce a model from parameters, that can then be tested.
You certainly sound to be on the right tracks.
As with software tools, you need to pick and know your tools well, to work with them and not against them.
---
Meta note: this question is going against the StackOverflow [tour](https://engineering.stackexchange.com/tour). It advices e.g. against opinionated answers and those ".. with too many possible answers or that would require an extremely long answer". What this might mean is someone closes the entry eventually. |
2,125 | I am new to mechanical engineering, although I have a scientific background (postgrad in Mathematics), and I (mostly) code for a living.
I have an idea about creating a mechanical device; I envisage it will entail gears, linkages and actuators.
I have a rough idea where things will fit but I would like to be able to test and tweak the design in software before building the actual device. As a point of clarification, when I say "test," I mean view via animation, for example, whether two items will collide when in motion, or if there is sufficient leeway between them as they move past each other.
This allows me to do the design and simulation testing of the parts, before finalising the design and then building the physical system from the design.
The stages are:
1. Build the 3D design in software
2. Run simulation to see if it "works," if not fix design and iterate
3. Build physical system from design that "works"
I have figured out that the system consists of three subsystems working together.
So, I would like to design and test each sub-component before integrating them into the complete system.
### My question then is this:
* Is this how design is done in the real world?
* What are the pros and cons of the scheme I have planned?
I am intending to use FreeCAD to do the design and testing. | 2015/03/18 | [
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com/questions/2125",
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com/users/932/"
] | CAD is essential for determining Geometrical interference and special design. If Finite Elements are used in the CAD package, the data can be used for stress and strain calculations (determining if the system will withstand the loads). This can get complicated since if a system is going to be dynamic, there are static loads and dynamic loads. Dynamic loads need to be calculated when the model is subjected to varying loads.
In addition to mechanical strength, there are other parameters that need to be determined by using a simulation. Suppose you are designing a suspension system. The spring constant of the spring and the damping constant of the damper need to be selected using a simulation. A mathematical simulation can be developed using either Simulink or coding it up in a computer language. Using expected force profiles and test conditions the parameters can be determined using the simulation. | >
> I am new to mechanical engineering, although I have a scientific
> background (postgrad in Mathematics), and I (mostly) code for a
> living.
>
>
>
My observation is that there are plenty of analogues between how software is designed, tested for, coded (heh, in that order), and distributed - and how mechanical models are described in CAD. Maybe this is because most of what I do is parametric modeling, e.g. describing the computer a recipe on how to produce a model from parameters, that can then be tested.
You certainly sound to be on the right tracks.
As with software tools, you need to pick and know your tools well, to work with them and not against them.
---
Meta note: this question is going against the StackOverflow [tour](https://engineering.stackexchange.com/tour). It advices e.g. against opinionated answers and those ".. with too many possible answers or that would require an extremely long answer". What this might mean is someone closes the entry eventually. |
2,125 | I am new to mechanical engineering, although I have a scientific background (postgrad in Mathematics), and I (mostly) code for a living.
I have an idea about creating a mechanical device; I envisage it will entail gears, linkages and actuators.
I have a rough idea where things will fit but I would like to be able to test and tweak the design in software before building the actual device. As a point of clarification, when I say "test," I mean view via animation, for example, whether two items will collide when in motion, or if there is sufficient leeway between them as they move past each other.
This allows me to do the design and simulation testing of the parts, before finalising the design and then building the physical system from the design.
The stages are:
1. Build the 3D design in software
2. Run simulation to see if it "works," if not fix design and iterate
3. Build physical system from design that "works"
I have figured out that the system consists of three subsystems working together.
So, I would like to design and test each sub-component before integrating them into the complete system.
### My question then is this:
* Is this how design is done in the real world?
* What are the pros and cons of the scheme I have planned?
I am intending to use FreeCAD to do the design and testing. | 2015/03/18 | [
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com/questions/2125",
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com/users/932/"
] | I work for a fortune 500 mechanical engineering company.
The process of product development in an mechanical system is broadly:
I assume that you have a complete specification of things like forces, temperatures, pressures etc. and can begin designing straight away. The first thing is to start generating design concepts that might or might not meet the specification. This is a combination of selecting the geometry that will accomplish the task, the material that will enable ease of manufacture and performance at all operating conditions, with the right structural integrity properties to last for the specified design life.
This design is completed in a CAD package, where the solid components are modeled.
From there, assemblies and production drawings can be made, but first we must validate our design with some analysis. This can be basic math and physics to show the dimensions will work within the design envelope, basic kinematics and kinetics, or mass balances for a design that processes a fluid for example.
More accurate analysis requires the use of sophisticated methods implemented in software known as CAE (computer aided engineering) or ALD (analysis led design)
For studying stresses and strains, temperatures, and to some extent fluids, the finite element method is used to calculate local properties based on a meshed model and some boundary conditions.
For studying fluid interaction with the geometry and looking at pressures, temperatures, and other fluid and thermal properties, computational fluid dynamics is used. This is most commonly an implementation of the finite volume method.
You alluded to simulate and iterate. That is essentially how the process is done. However, statistically verified methods are used using design of experiments theory to produce optimized design configurations. | >
> I am new to mechanical engineering, although I have a scientific
> background (postgrad in Mathematics), and I (mostly) code for a
> living.
>
>
>
My observation is that there are plenty of analogues between how software is designed, tested for, coded (heh, in that order), and distributed - and how mechanical models are described in CAD. Maybe this is because most of what I do is parametric modeling, e.g. describing the computer a recipe on how to produce a model from parameters, that can then be tested.
You certainly sound to be on the right tracks.
As with software tools, you need to pick and know your tools well, to work with them and not against them.
---
Meta note: this question is going against the StackOverflow [tour](https://engineering.stackexchange.com/tour). It advices e.g. against opinionated answers and those ".. with too many possible answers or that would require an extremely long answer". What this might mean is someone closes the entry eventually. |
2,125 | I am new to mechanical engineering, although I have a scientific background (postgrad in Mathematics), and I (mostly) code for a living.
I have an idea about creating a mechanical device; I envisage it will entail gears, linkages and actuators.
I have a rough idea where things will fit but I would like to be able to test and tweak the design in software before building the actual device. As a point of clarification, when I say "test," I mean view via animation, for example, whether two items will collide when in motion, or if there is sufficient leeway between them as they move past each other.
This allows me to do the design and simulation testing of the parts, before finalising the design and then building the physical system from the design.
The stages are:
1. Build the 3D design in software
2. Run simulation to see if it "works," if not fix design and iterate
3. Build physical system from design that "works"
I have figured out that the system consists of three subsystems working together.
So, I would like to design and test each sub-component before integrating them into the complete system.
### My question then is this:
* Is this how design is done in the real world?
* What are the pros and cons of the scheme I have planned?
I am intending to use FreeCAD to do the design and testing. | 2015/03/18 | [
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com/questions/2125",
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com/users/932/"
] | Not sure how you've gotten on but I'm in the same boat and have gotten stumped...
"it will entail gears, linkages and actuators" I believe is very difficult for the hobbyist. This level of modelling requires professional design software costing ££££. If you can get that, then all is well after you've engaged with the 3D modelling way of thinking. It's not like 2D drafting.
Specifically, I've been testing FreeCAD 0.16 (the current stable[?] version) and been disappointed. It's not really at a usable point yet. I'm think that it might never reach usability as a lot of open source packages don't, such as the 2D LibreCAD. It also can't deal with more than one part, so can only try to model a link, not linkages.
As you're academically linked, might I suggest getting a student /academic license for something like SolidWorks or SolidEdge. There might also be Fusion 360. They work well and are of a suitable stature for linkages and such. They also allow the range of motion to be modelled. Unfortunately for me as a Linux user, there are no free usable 3D modelling packages at this time. | >
> I am new to mechanical engineering, although I have a scientific
> background (postgrad in Mathematics), and I (mostly) code for a
> living.
>
>
>
My observation is that there are plenty of analogues between how software is designed, tested for, coded (heh, in that order), and distributed - and how mechanical models are described in CAD. Maybe this is because most of what I do is parametric modeling, e.g. describing the computer a recipe on how to produce a model from parameters, that can then be tested.
You certainly sound to be on the right tracks.
As with software tools, you need to pick and know your tools well, to work with them and not against them.
---
Meta note: this question is going against the StackOverflow [tour](https://engineering.stackexchange.com/tour). It advices e.g. against opinionated answers and those ".. with too many possible answers or that would require an extremely long answer". What this might mean is someone closes the entry eventually. |
561,442 | Is there a word or expression in English to describe someone who has the power/ability/skills to act upon something, but we already expect them not to do it because they see themselves as not in a position where they *need* to take an effort to act?
It doesn't necessarily refer to a person, could be a corporation as well (and quite possibly most uses of this word/expression would actually refer to companies I believe). It is somewhat related to an adage that says "the difference between the rich and the poor is that the rich is allowed to make blunders for a longer time." But this would be its reverse logic, in the lines of "since I am the rich, I will not make anything at all, why should I bother?"
Two examples of where this word/expression would fit:
>
> The *X App* has a serious problem of user experience that could be greatly improved with a few simple features, but since they have virtually no competition, they [are] \*\*\* and we'll never see those things implemented.
>
>
>
>
> *Company Z* should really step up their game, *Franchise W* has become stale for over a decade now, but since the fans keep coming, they [become] \*\*\* and just rehash the same thing over and over again.
>
>
>
"A is not compelled to do B" is an expression that might come to mind, but I'm not sure if it could convey what I am trying to present here. | 2021/02/27 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/561442",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/289673/"
] | The following idiomatic expression can be used to convey the idea you want to express:
>
> [rest on your laurels](https://dictionary.cambridge.org/it/dizionario/inglese/rest-on-your-laurels)
>
>
> to be satisfied with your achievements an not to make an effort to do anything else.
>
>
>
(Cambridge Dictionary)
>
> * *The X App has a serious problem of user experience that could be greatly improved with a few simple features, but they are resting on their laurels and we'll never see those things implemented.*
>
>
> | The situation you describe of some people (or companies) being neglectful or lazy, and not caring to act because their (perceived) dominance may come from a bias known as the [overconfidence\_effect](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overconfidence_effect)
The dictionary has many terms for not acting. I like Indolence, with its adjective
>
> [**indolent**](http://www.websters1913.com/words/Indolent)
>
> indulging in ease; avoiding labor and exertion; habitually idle; lazy; inactive.
>
>
>
This is the same to say to someone that is [neglectful](http://www.websters1913.com/words/Neglectful) or [careless](http://www.websters1913.com/words/Careless)
So, one way to refer their lack of action caused for some perceived comfort is to say that they are behaving like
>
> **overconfident careless** people
>
>
> |
7,665,849 | I am looking for a simple library ( and/or app - eventually want both ) example ( like a math library or whatever) for iOS which has a makefile for it that I can use as a template to make other makefiles from and learn. Static of course, (and dynamic if iOS supports it so I can have 2+ apps that share common code)
There is lots of incomplete and cryptic info out there but so far I havn't found any nice concise "with these source files" you create a makefile this way to build an iOS "fat" library I can import into other projects.
This would be on a Mac with the ios4 sdk installed.
It is always great to start with something that basically works.
I have created complex makefiles before for unix and windows and for other devices.
thanks. | 2011/10/05 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/7665849",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/576448/"
] | The first link pictorially represents the process step by step that you've asked then the second link contains a package that allows a programmer to compile a make file based project
[click me](http://blog.boreal-kiss.net/2011/03/15/how-to-create-universal-static-libraries-on-xcode-4/)
[click me](https://github.com/hasseily/Makefile-to-iOS-Framework) | If you want to build a static library using a make file and link against it every time you build your Xcode project, you can add a "run script" build phase in your project before all the others, which runs this make file, and then add the built library to your linking phase. If you want a make file that builds the entire iOS project, I don't think it's posible (you can use the command line to compile the project without Xcode opened though). |
43,552 | The Situation
-------------
I am currently creating a Telegram bot for me and some friends that stores all chat messages we send in our group chat in a database so that we can retrieve advanced chat statistics. I live in Germany.
---
Arising Questions
-----------------
Now my first question is **if it would be legal to save group chat messages from my friend group, regarding that**:
* everybody orally agreed to me storing all the messages on my private server
* I have access to all the messages anyway since they are stored on the Telegram servers and I can read them from my account whenever I want, so I'm at least not reading any messages that are not for my ears
Because Telegram Bots are publicly available and can be used by anybody, another question arises:
**If another person I don't know uses the Bot to get chat statistics, could I get in legal trouble for storing their messages even though I explicitly stated that said data collection is necessary and ask for their consent?**
* If so, could I take measures to prevent this while still letting anybody who wants use the bot? Or would I be better off just hard-coding that only messages from me and my friend-group can be stored?
* I don't want to collect tons of private messages from random strangers and wouldn't advertise the bot or anything. This is more about the theoretical possibility that anybody who wants to, could hypothetically message the bot even though it is not meant for them or invite it in their group chat and their messages would of course be stored as well.
My vision for the Bot would be (since I believe that chat statistics might still be an interesting feature for many group chats) to offer the source code on GitHub along with some setup instructions so that anybody can set up their own personal instance of the statistics bot on their own private server with their own database. **Could I then still get in legal trouble for providing the source code that others could possibly use to store large amounts of private chat data from third parties (or would that be entirely their fault)?** | 2019/08/09 | [
"https://law.stackexchange.com/questions/43552",
"https://law.stackexchange.com",
"https://law.stackexchange.com/users/27039/"
] | A promise that a court would not enforce by injunction can still be valid consideration and be part of a valid contract. Failure to carry out such obligations would lead to some measure of money damages, most likely.
On the other hand, provisions specifically barred by law, or against public policy, such as a promise to commit a crime, are void from the start, and form no part of a valid contract. Such provisions may be treated by a court as if they had just been left out, or if they were essential to the contract, or formed the sole consideration, the whole contract might be considered void.
If a term is too vague for a court to determine if it has been violated or not, the court may try to clarify it, or may just ignore it. Just what it would mean for a tenant to "undermine the leadership" of a landlord is not clear to me, at least. That might well be held to be "too vague". As to "not complain" it may be that a tenant has a legal right to make official complaints, which cannot be waived by contract. Or it may not, depending on the local laws. | >
> If I agreed to these terms what would happen?
>
>
>
They have no effect on the rest of the contract. The "anti-undermine" and "anti-complain" clauses are unenforceable as too vague and oppressive (somewhat related to the notion of duress), respectively.
More important is to bear in mind that the *actual* consideration in your matter is the renting or ceding of *your* entitlement to the use of that storage space. You paid for a space that you gave up under the landlord's promise of a share of income he would earn from third-parties who rent it.
Furthermore, failure to reimburse you the portion pertaining to the storage space is tantamount to double renting the same space. Statutory law typically prohibits double renting, and your landlord's situation might bring him within scope of those landlord-tenant statutes.
>
> can I present this as evidence of some kind?
>
>
>
That is unclear for someone who is neither familiar with Canadian procedural law nor with the evidence you have in this regard (for instance, you mention that the agreement is not in writing). |
5,959 | What are some grilling tools that a beginner should have when purchasing a new grill? Additionally, are there tools that are useful for the more advanced outdoor cook? | 2010/08/25 | [
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/5959",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/users/177/"
] | If you're using charcoal, a spray bottle with H2O can be handy for flare-ups. Otherwise, I think others have the bases covered. | I have a wide, flat knife that can be used as a spatula; I find it really useful. Everything else has pretty much been mentioned, but I would suggest a pair of tongs with decent teeth on them. It's very disheartening when that burger or steak slips out of your grip and into the coals or onto the ground. |
5,959 | What are some grilling tools that a beginner should have when purchasing a new grill? Additionally, are there tools that are useful for the more advanced outdoor cook? | 2010/08/25 | [
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/5959",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/users/177/"
] | The tools I use the most are:
* Tongs,
* Spatula for stuck things,
* A small towel to apply oil,
* thermometer,
* a long handled basting brush
* a brush to clean the grill with
* spray bottle with water (for flare-ups) | An additional tool that will make grilling much easier is a veggie basket; basically it looks like a saute pan with holes poked throughout it. Aluminum foil can be your friend, but these little guys are much more flexible. |
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