qid int64 1 74.7M | question stringlengths 12 33.8k | date stringlengths 10 10 | metadata list | response_j stringlengths 0 115k | response_k stringlengths 2 98.3k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
55,424 | I feel like this may be already out there somewhere, but I really did think this up on my own. What does this rebus puzzle mean?
>
> GO GO GO GO GO GO GO GO
>
>
>
That's really it! No additional hints exist in any of the content not in block quotes.
Hint:
>
> The answer has 5 words.
>
>
> | 2017/09/27 | [
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com/questions/55424",
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com",
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com/users/30254/"
] | Probably
>
> **GO**es in line...
>
>
>
> with?
>
>
>
As in:
>
> Rhymes with.
>
>
> | I feel,
(EDITED ANSWER):
>
> Goes online (that is LIVE!)
>
>
>
based on pronounciation mainly
>
> 8 GOs arranged in a line
>
>
>
a common phrase of usage. |
55,424 | I feel like this may be already out there somewhere, but I really did think this up on my own. What does this rebus puzzle mean?
>
> GO GO GO GO GO GO GO GO
>
>
>
That's really it! No additional hints exist in any of the content not in block quotes.
Hint:
>
> The answer has 5 words.
>
>
> | 2017/09/27 | [
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com/questions/55424",
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com",
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com/users/30254/"
] | Is it
>
> Forgot to go
>
>
>
Implying
>
> 4 GO x 2 GO = 8 GO (Four-go-two-go) = forgot to go
>
>
> | I feel,
(EDITED ANSWER):
>
> Goes online (that is LIVE!)
>
>
>
based on pronounciation mainly
>
> 8 GOs arranged in a line
>
>
>
a common phrase of usage. |
55,424 | I feel like this may be already out there somewhere, but I really did think this up on my own. What does this rebus puzzle mean?
>
> GO GO GO GO GO GO GO GO
>
>
>
That's really it! No additional hints exist in any of the content not in block quotes.
Hint:
>
> The answer has 5 words.
>
>
> | 2017/09/27 | [
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com/questions/55424",
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com",
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com/users/30254/"
] | Could it be:
>
> It takes two to tango?
>
>
>
Rather cryptically, the rebus puzzle depicts:
>
> It takes two (more go) to (get) ten go.
>
>
> | I think the answer is
>
> Everything is a go
>
>
>
meaning
>
> All preparations are complete
>
>
> |
55,424 | I feel like this may be already out there somewhere, but I really did think this up on my own. What does this rebus puzzle mean?
>
> GO GO GO GO GO GO GO GO
>
>
>
That's really it! No additional hints exist in any of the content not in block quotes.
Hint:
>
> The answer has 5 words.
>
>
> | 2017/09/27 | [
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com/questions/55424",
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com",
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com/users/30254/"
] | Any Chance it'd be:
>
> Go Wait in a line
>
>
>
as in
>
> Go \* 8 in a line
>
>
> | Perhaps a bit of a stretch, but
>
> Great Times
>
>
>
Because
>
> *'"GO" eight times'* if said quickly, would sound something like 'go-wait times'\*. For someone with a [rhotacism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhotacism_(speech_impediment)), like Elmer Fudd, this would be pronounced almost identical to *'great times'*.
>
>
> |
55,424 | I feel like this may be already out there somewhere, but I really did think this up on my own. What does this rebus puzzle mean?
>
> GO GO GO GO GO GO GO GO
>
>
>
That's really it! No additional hints exist in any of the content not in block quotes.
Hint:
>
> The answer has 5 words.
>
>
> | 2017/09/27 | [
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com/questions/55424",
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com",
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com/users/30254/"
] | I guess the answer you're after is:
>
> to forego
>
>
>
because indeed
>
> 2 \* GO GO GO GO = two (four GO)
>
>
> | Is it
>
> Forgot to go
>
>
>
Implying
>
> 4 GO x 2 GO = 8 GO (Four-go-two-go) = forgot to go
>
>
> |
2,504,564 | I tried to find this in the relevant RFC, [IETF RFC 3986](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3986), but couldn't figure it.
Do URIs for HTTP allow Unicode, or non-ASCII of any kind?
Can you please cite the section and the RFC that supports your answer.
*NB: For those who might think this is not programming related - it is. It's related to an ISAPI filter I'm building.*
---
**Addendum**
I've read section 2.5 of RFC 3986. But RFC 2616, which I believe is the current HTTP protocol, predates 3986, and for that reason I'd suppose it cannot be compliant with 3986. Furthermore, even if or when the HTTP RFC is updated, there still will be the issue of rationalization - in other words, *does an HTTP URI support ALL of the RFC3986 provisos, including whatever is appropriate to include non US-ASCII characters?* | 2010/03/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2504564",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/48082/"
] | Here is an example: ☃.net.
In terms of the relevant section of RFC 3986, I think you are looking at [2.5](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3986#section-2.5).
EDIT:
Apparently stack overflow doesn't detect this as a proper URL. You'll have to copy&paste into your browser. | Used to be that non english characters were not allowed in DNS and URL/URI. There was a hack to allow them by using % encoding in URI. However many countries such us russia and china are starting to implement DNS using non latin characters. Here is a reference to one of these [standards](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalized_domain_name) |
2,504,564 | I tried to find this in the relevant RFC, [IETF RFC 3986](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3986), but couldn't figure it.
Do URIs for HTTP allow Unicode, or non-ASCII of any kind?
Can you please cite the section and the RFC that supports your answer.
*NB: For those who might think this is not programming related - it is. It's related to an ISAPI filter I'm building.*
---
**Addendum**
I've read section 2.5 of RFC 3986. But RFC 2616, which I believe is the current HTTP protocol, predates 3986, and for that reason I'd suppose it cannot be compliant with 3986. Furthermore, even if or when the HTTP RFC is updated, there still will be the issue of rationalization - in other words, *does an HTTP URI support ALL of the RFC3986 provisos, including whatever is appropriate to include non US-ASCII characters?* | 2010/03/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2504564",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/48082/"
] | No, they are not allowed. Just check the ABNF in RFC 3986. | RFC 3986 is being replaced with RFC 3987, which fully supports Unicode, and provides mappings rules to/from RFC 3986 style URIs. |
2,504,564 | I tried to find this in the relevant RFC, [IETF RFC 3986](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3986), but couldn't figure it.
Do URIs for HTTP allow Unicode, or non-ASCII of any kind?
Can you please cite the section and the RFC that supports your answer.
*NB: For those who might think this is not programming related - it is. It's related to an ISAPI filter I'm building.*
---
**Addendum**
I've read section 2.5 of RFC 3986. But RFC 2616, which I believe is the current HTTP protocol, predates 3986, and for that reason I'd suppose it cannot be compliant with 3986. Furthermore, even if or when the HTTP RFC is updated, there still will be the issue of rationalization - in other words, *does an HTTP URI support ALL of the RFC3986 provisos, including whatever is appropriate to include non US-ASCII characters?* | 2010/03/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2504564",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/48082/"
] | Here is an example: ☃.net.
In terms of the relevant section of RFC 3986, I think you are looking at [2.5](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3986#section-2.5).
EDIT:
Apparently stack overflow doesn't detect this as a proper URL. You'll have to copy&paste into your browser. | RFC 3986 is being replaced with RFC 3987, which fully supports Unicode, and provides mappings rules to/from RFC 3986 style URIs. |
2,504,564 | I tried to find this in the relevant RFC, [IETF RFC 3986](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3986), but couldn't figure it.
Do URIs for HTTP allow Unicode, or non-ASCII of any kind?
Can you please cite the section and the RFC that supports your answer.
*NB: For those who might think this is not programming related - it is. It's related to an ISAPI filter I'm building.*
---
**Addendum**
I've read section 2.5 of RFC 3986. But RFC 2616, which I believe is the current HTTP protocol, predates 3986, and for that reason I'd suppose it cannot be compliant with 3986. Furthermore, even if or when the HTTP RFC is updated, there still will be the issue of rationalization - in other words, *does an HTTP URI support ALL of the RFC3986 provisos, including whatever is appropriate to include non US-ASCII characters?* | 2010/03/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2504564",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/48082/"
] | <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalized_domain_name> | Here is an example: ☃.net.
In terms of the relevant section of RFC 3986, I think you are looking at [2.5](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3986#section-2.5).
EDIT:
Apparently stack overflow doesn't detect this as a proper URL. You'll have to copy&paste into your browser. |
2,504,564 | I tried to find this in the relevant RFC, [IETF RFC 3986](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3986), but couldn't figure it.
Do URIs for HTTP allow Unicode, or non-ASCII of any kind?
Can you please cite the section and the RFC that supports your answer.
*NB: For those who might think this is not programming related - it is. It's related to an ISAPI filter I'm building.*
---
**Addendum**
I've read section 2.5 of RFC 3986. But RFC 2616, which I believe is the current HTTP protocol, predates 3986, and for that reason I'd suppose it cannot be compliant with 3986. Furthermore, even if or when the HTTP RFC is updated, there still will be the issue of rationalization - in other words, *does an HTTP URI support ALL of the RFC3986 provisos, including whatever is appropriate to include non US-ASCII characters?* | 2010/03/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2504564",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/48082/"
] | Here is an example: ☃.net.
In terms of the relevant section of RFC 3986, I think you are looking at [2.5](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3986#section-2.5).
EDIT:
Apparently stack overflow doesn't detect this as a proper URL. You'll have to copy&paste into your browser. | Many browsers are not support URIs with Unicode characters (I've implemented them on a website I've build called -- blogvani.com) and Google duly scans and keeps them intact. I don't think that works on top-level domains though, at least not with the registrar and not directly.
For top-level domains if you have a domain registered in Unicode (for example people can register domains in Hindi), it will be converted to a corresponding code in ASCII (something that may go like jdhfks3243-32434.com)...
It is quite funny to see how this is routed and to realize that you're not actually going to a unicode domain even though it seems like that. |
2,504,564 | I tried to find this in the relevant RFC, [IETF RFC 3986](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3986), but couldn't figure it.
Do URIs for HTTP allow Unicode, or non-ASCII of any kind?
Can you please cite the section and the RFC that supports your answer.
*NB: For those who might think this is not programming related - it is. It's related to an ISAPI filter I'm building.*
---
**Addendum**
I've read section 2.5 of RFC 3986. But RFC 2616, which I believe is the current HTTP protocol, predates 3986, and for that reason I'd suppose it cannot be compliant with 3986. Furthermore, even if or when the HTTP RFC is updated, there still will be the issue of rationalization - in other words, *does an HTTP URI support ALL of the RFC3986 provisos, including whatever is appropriate to include non US-ASCII characters?* | 2010/03/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2504564",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/48082/"
] | <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalized_domain_name> | RFC 3986 is being replaced with RFC 3987, which fully supports Unicode, and provides mappings rules to/from RFC 3986 style URIs. |
2,504,564 | I tried to find this in the relevant RFC, [IETF RFC 3986](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3986), but couldn't figure it.
Do URIs for HTTP allow Unicode, or non-ASCII of any kind?
Can you please cite the section and the RFC that supports your answer.
*NB: For those who might think this is not programming related - it is. It's related to an ISAPI filter I'm building.*
---
**Addendum**
I've read section 2.5 of RFC 3986. But RFC 2616, which I believe is the current HTTP protocol, predates 3986, and for that reason I'd suppose it cannot be compliant with 3986. Furthermore, even if or when the HTTP RFC is updated, there still will be the issue of rationalization - in other words, *does an HTTP URI support ALL of the RFC3986 provisos, including whatever is appropriate to include non US-ASCII characters?* | 2010/03/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2504564",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/48082/"
] | <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalized_domain_name> | Many browsers are not support URIs with Unicode characters (I've implemented them on a website I've build called -- blogvani.com) and Google duly scans and keeps them intact. I don't think that works on top-level domains though, at least not with the registrar and not directly.
For top-level domains if you have a domain registered in Unicode (for example people can register domains in Hindi), it will be converted to a corresponding code in ASCII (something that may go like jdhfks3243-32434.com)...
It is quite funny to see how this is routed and to realize that you're not actually going to a unicode domain even though it seems like that. |
2,504,564 | I tried to find this in the relevant RFC, [IETF RFC 3986](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3986), but couldn't figure it.
Do URIs for HTTP allow Unicode, or non-ASCII of any kind?
Can you please cite the section and the RFC that supports your answer.
*NB: For those who might think this is not programming related - it is. It's related to an ISAPI filter I'm building.*
---
**Addendum**
I've read section 2.5 of RFC 3986. But RFC 2616, which I believe is the current HTTP protocol, predates 3986, and for that reason I'd suppose it cannot be compliant with 3986. Furthermore, even if or when the HTTP RFC is updated, there still will be the issue of rationalization - in other words, *does an HTTP URI support ALL of the RFC3986 provisos, including whatever is appropriate to include non US-ASCII characters?* | 2010/03/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2504564",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/48082/"
] | Used to be that non english characters were not allowed in DNS and URL/URI. There was a hack to allow them by using % encoding in URI. However many countries such us russia and china are starting to implement DNS using non latin characters. Here is a reference to one of these [standards](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalized_domain_name) | Many browsers are not support URIs with Unicode characters (I've implemented them on a website I've build called -- blogvani.com) and Google duly scans and keeps them intact. I don't think that works on top-level domains though, at least not with the registrar and not directly.
For top-level domains if you have a domain registered in Unicode (for example people can register domains in Hindi), it will be converted to a corresponding code in ASCII (something that may go like jdhfks3243-32434.com)...
It is quite funny to see how this is routed and to realize that you're not actually going to a unicode domain even though it seems like that. |
2,504,564 | I tried to find this in the relevant RFC, [IETF RFC 3986](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3986), but couldn't figure it.
Do URIs for HTTP allow Unicode, or non-ASCII of any kind?
Can you please cite the section and the RFC that supports your answer.
*NB: For those who might think this is not programming related - it is. It's related to an ISAPI filter I'm building.*
---
**Addendum**
I've read section 2.5 of RFC 3986. But RFC 2616, which I believe is the current HTTP protocol, predates 3986, and for that reason I'd suppose it cannot be compliant with 3986. Furthermore, even if or when the HTTP RFC is updated, there still will be the issue of rationalization - in other words, *does an HTTP URI support ALL of the RFC3986 provisos, including whatever is appropriate to include non US-ASCII characters?* | 2010/03/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2504564",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/48082/"
] | No, they are not allowed. Just check the ABNF in RFC 3986. | Used to be that non english characters were not allowed in DNS and URL/URI. There was a hack to allow them by using % encoding in URI. However many countries such us russia and china are starting to implement DNS using non latin characters. Here is a reference to one of these [standards](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalized_domain_name) |
2,504,564 | I tried to find this in the relevant RFC, [IETF RFC 3986](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3986), but couldn't figure it.
Do URIs for HTTP allow Unicode, or non-ASCII of any kind?
Can you please cite the section and the RFC that supports your answer.
*NB: For those who might think this is not programming related - it is. It's related to an ISAPI filter I'm building.*
---
**Addendum**
I've read section 2.5 of RFC 3986. But RFC 2616, which I believe is the current HTTP protocol, predates 3986, and for that reason I'd suppose it cannot be compliant with 3986. Furthermore, even if or when the HTTP RFC is updated, there still will be the issue of rationalization - in other words, *does an HTTP URI support ALL of the RFC3986 provisos, including whatever is appropriate to include non US-ASCII characters?* | 2010/03/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2504564",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/48082/"
] | No, they are not allowed. Just check the ABNF in RFC 3986. | Here is an example: ☃.net.
In terms of the relevant section of RFC 3986, I think you are looking at [2.5](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3986#section-2.5).
EDIT:
Apparently stack overflow doesn't detect this as a proper URL. You'll have to copy&paste into your browser. |
2,384,460 | I'm new to jedit, and I haven't yet found out how to open a new window. For example, I want to be editing one set of files in one space on my Mac, and edit a different set of files in another. Does anyone know how to open a new instance/window of jedit to make this possible?
Thanks | 2010/03/05 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2384460",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/262000/"
] | You should set **Buffer Sets** scope to "**View**"
See also: [Buffer Sets](http://www.jedit.org/users-guide/buffersets.html) | I wish there was an answer for this, since I'm constantly trying to open new instances of JEdit (despite being a daily user for several years now). But, as far as I can tell, you can't.
I have to assume this is another example of a good project getting over-architected.
Instead of allowing separate instances which logically associate different buffer behaviors using the built-in OS mnemonics, the JEdit crew have decided to create their own UI concepts. What OS lacks the concept of software instances and a task bar? Was it necessary to force a single-instance mode, and then re-create basic OS UI functionality in an obscure manner?
A hint for budding developers out there: if you're creating new terminology to handle UI concepts in your application, you're probably doing it wrong. |
2,384,460 | I'm new to jedit, and I haven't yet found out how to open a new window. For example, I want to be editing one set of files in one space on my Mac, and edit a different set of files in another. Does anyone know how to open a new instance/window of jedit to make this possible?
Thanks | 2010/03/05 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2384460",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/262000/"
] | You should set **Buffer Sets** scope to "**View**"
See also: [Buffer Sets](http://www.jedit.org/users-guide/buffersets.html) | It's a new feature to 4.3. It's under View | Buffer Sets. You click on either the "View Scope" or "EditPane Scope" buffer sets checkbox.
When you open a new View, it's a separate window instance. It has a buffer set and an edit pane. With more than one View open, you can decide to share buffer sets (global scope) or each keep their own (View scope). When you split the View, you add another Edit pane. Each can use the View's buffer set, or have their own (EditPane scope)
Global scope: All Views and EditPanes share a common buffer set
View Scope: EditPanes in the same view share the same buffer set
EditPane Scope: Each EditPane can have it's own independent buffer set.
The editpane scope works when you have split the view (view | splitting). You can look at files side-by-side, and each side can have their own buffer set. Very useful in comparing files in two different directories (one set per side), for example. |
2,384,460 | I'm new to jedit, and I haven't yet found out how to open a new window. For example, I want to be editing one set of files in one space on my Mac, and edit a different set of files in another. Does anyone know how to open a new instance/window of jedit to make this possible?
Thanks | 2010/03/05 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2384460",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/262000/"
] | You should set **Buffer Sets** scope to "**View**"
See also: [Buffer Sets](http://www.jedit.org/users-guide/buffersets.html) | It is possible to really Open a new instance of jEdit, and not only to open a new set of buffers in the same instance.
You have to launch jEdit with the -noserver option.
"Do not attempt to connect to a running edit server, and do not start one either."
Please see documentation here :
<http://www.jedit.org/users-guide/cli-usage.html#d0e471>
On Windows, to set this option you have to add it to the command line of the shortcut which launches jEdit. |
2,384,460 | I'm new to jedit, and I haven't yet found out how to open a new window. For example, I want to be editing one set of files in one space on my Mac, and edit a different set of files in another. Does anyone know how to open a new instance/window of jedit to make this possible?
Thanks | 2010/03/05 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2384460",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/262000/"
] | You should set **Buffer Sets** scope to "**View**"
See also: [Buffer Sets](http://www.jedit.org/users-guide/buffersets.html) | The following command line invocation will solve your problem:
jedit -noserver
You can create an alias for jedit that contains the above.
In the Jedit help, see Chapter 2, "Starting Jedit", in the section on Command Line Usage, Edit Server Options, and you will find the -noserver description. |
2,384,460 | I'm new to jedit, and I haven't yet found out how to open a new window. For example, I want to be editing one set of files in one space on my Mac, and edit a different set of files in another. Does anyone know how to open a new instance/window of jedit to make this possible?
Thanks | 2010/03/05 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2384460",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/262000/"
] | It's a new feature to 4.3. It's under View | Buffer Sets. You click on either the "View Scope" or "EditPane Scope" buffer sets checkbox.
When you open a new View, it's a separate window instance. It has a buffer set and an edit pane. With more than one View open, you can decide to share buffer sets (global scope) or each keep their own (View scope). When you split the View, you add another Edit pane. Each can use the View's buffer set, or have their own (EditPane scope)
Global scope: All Views and EditPanes share a common buffer set
View Scope: EditPanes in the same view share the same buffer set
EditPane Scope: Each EditPane can have it's own independent buffer set.
The editpane scope works when you have split the view (view | splitting). You can look at files side-by-side, and each side can have their own buffer set. Very useful in comparing files in two different directories (one set per side), for example. | I wish there was an answer for this, since I'm constantly trying to open new instances of JEdit (despite being a daily user for several years now). But, as far as I can tell, you can't.
I have to assume this is another example of a good project getting over-architected.
Instead of allowing separate instances which logically associate different buffer behaviors using the built-in OS mnemonics, the JEdit crew have decided to create their own UI concepts. What OS lacks the concept of software instances and a task bar? Was it necessary to force a single-instance mode, and then re-create basic OS UI functionality in an obscure manner?
A hint for budding developers out there: if you're creating new terminology to handle UI concepts in your application, you're probably doing it wrong. |
2,384,460 | I'm new to jedit, and I haven't yet found out how to open a new window. For example, I want to be editing one set of files in one space on my Mac, and edit a different set of files in another. Does anyone know how to open a new instance/window of jedit to make this possible?
Thanks | 2010/03/05 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2384460",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/262000/"
] | It is possible to really Open a new instance of jEdit, and not only to open a new set of buffers in the same instance.
You have to launch jEdit with the -noserver option.
"Do not attempt to connect to a running edit server, and do not start one either."
Please see documentation here :
<http://www.jedit.org/users-guide/cli-usage.html#d0e471>
On Windows, to set this option you have to add it to the command line of the shortcut which launches jEdit. | I wish there was an answer for this, since I'm constantly trying to open new instances of JEdit (despite being a daily user for several years now). But, as far as I can tell, you can't.
I have to assume this is another example of a good project getting over-architected.
Instead of allowing separate instances which logically associate different buffer behaviors using the built-in OS mnemonics, the JEdit crew have decided to create their own UI concepts. What OS lacks the concept of software instances and a task bar? Was it necessary to force a single-instance mode, and then re-create basic OS UI functionality in an obscure manner?
A hint for budding developers out there: if you're creating new terminology to handle UI concepts in your application, you're probably doing it wrong. |
2,384,460 | I'm new to jedit, and I haven't yet found out how to open a new window. For example, I want to be editing one set of files in one space on my Mac, and edit a different set of files in another. Does anyone know how to open a new instance/window of jedit to make this possible?
Thanks | 2010/03/05 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2384460",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/262000/"
] | It's a new feature to 4.3. It's under View | Buffer Sets. You click on either the "View Scope" or "EditPane Scope" buffer sets checkbox.
When you open a new View, it's a separate window instance. It has a buffer set and an edit pane. With more than one View open, you can decide to share buffer sets (global scope) or each keep their own (View scope). When you split the View, you add another Edit pane. Each can use the View's buffer set, or have their own (EditPane scope)
Global scope: All Views and EditPanes share a common buffer set
View Scope: EditPanes in the same view share the same buffer set
EditPane Scope: Each EditPane can have it's own independent buffer set.
The editpane scope works when you have split the view (view | splitting). You can look at files side-by-side, and each side can have their own buffer set. Very useful in comparing files in two different directories (one set per side), for example. | The following command line invocation will solve your problem:
jedit -noserver
You can create an alias for jedit that contains the above.
In the Jedit help, see Chapter 2, "Starting Jedit", in the section on Command Line Usage, Edit Server Options, and you will find the -noserver description. |
2,384,460 | I'm new to jedit, and I haven't yet found out how to open a new window. For example, I want to be editing one set of files in one space on my Mac, and edit a different set of files in another. Does anyone know how to open a new instance/window of jedit to make this possible?
Thanks | 2010/03/05 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2384460",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/262000/"
] | It is possible to really Open a new instance of jEdit, and not only to open a new set of buffers in the same instance.
You have to launch jEdit with the -noserver option.
"Do not attempt to connect to a running edit server, and do not start one either."
Please see documentation here :
<http://www.jedit.org/users-guide/cli-usage.html#d0e471>
On Windows, to set this option you have to add it to the command line of the shortcut which launches jEdit. | The following command line invocation will solve your problem:
jedit -noserver
You can create an alias for jedit that contains the above.
In the Jedit help, see Chapter 2, "Starting Jedit", in the section on Command Line Usage, Edit Server Options, and you will find the -noserver description. |
465,412 | I am looking to build a compute workstation. I want to install the newest version of Scientific Linux. The issue is that the currently planned hardware does not include graphics (external or integrated) I have tried googling if installing linux in runmode 3 is possible without a graphics chip, however I have found conflicting information. I have seen sources (none of the very reliable) stating:
* It is impossible (failure to POST)
* It will fail to POST, but there are BIOS work arounds
* It will work without issue
What I am wondering, is would it be possible to boot a different computer with a USB install of SL, modify the install to boot into runmode 3 and enable remote access, then boot/install the server with the USB. | 2012/08/23 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/465412",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/134546/"
] | There isn't a standard name really
* RJ45 Module
* Snap-in CAT5E RJ45 Module
* Keystone Jack
* RJ45 Keystone module | That part is called a **rj45 wall jack** |
97,533 | >
> **Possible Duplicate:**
>
> [How do the tenses in English correspond temporally to one another?](https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/21846/how-do-the-tenses-in-english-correspond-temporally-to-one-another)
>
> [Differences between ways to express future actions](https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/57053/differences-between-ways-to-express-future-actions)
>
>
>
Does the below sentence indicate future tense or present continuous:
>
> I am going to school now.
>
>
>
Has the action started and the speaker is on his way to school or has the action not started yet but is going to start right after the speaker finishes his statement? | 2013/01/11 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/97533",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/31280/"
] | When you are not sure about a certain usage of a phrase, it is good to use corpora such as
[Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA)](https://www.english-corpora.org/coca/) to find out how the phrase is being used in novels, magazine articles, etc.
In this scenario, it is not wrong to use *make up my mind* since [ODO](http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/make?q=make%20up%20my%20mind#make__75) suggests that it has the definition:
>
> **make up one's mind**
>
>
> make a decision; decide: He made up his mind to attend the meeting.
>
>
>
and COCA shows that the phrase *make up my mind about something* has actually been used though a better way to write it would be
>
> I made up my mind *to* quit smoking.
>
>
>
The word *resolve* has the meaning
>
> **resolve**
>
>
> decide *firmly* on a course of action
>
>
>
so if you want express that *I am determined to quit smoking* then *resolve* is a better word.
And yes, it would be better to write it this way:
>
> I resolved to quit smoking.
>
>
> | Yes, both seem to be correct in this context. Though "make up my mind" would suggest you had conflicting opinions within yourself and you had to spend quite some time deciding on which.
"Resolve" seems to suggest a decision without having spent much time with different sides of the matter. |
311,199 | 
Just as the capture shows, when you type something using the keyboard, a big label appears at the bottom of the screen showing the keys you typed.
I use Windows & Linux, so I just want to know if there is a similar software to do that? | 2011/07/16 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/311199",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/153029/"
] | For Linux check Screenkey: <https://launchpad.net/screenkey> | There is [Key Jedi](http://osherove.com/blog/2007/6/3/train-to-be-a-keyboard-master-with-keyboard-jedi.html)
>
> Key Jedi allows learning and training to use keyboard shortcuts. **It can be used in presentations, screencasts and videos**, as well as when working with someone else on the same machine to teach new shortcuts. It shows a visual list of shortcuts as you type them, no matter what application you work in. It is free, simple and quick to use.
>
>
>
Emphasis mine |
15,684 | Does the existence of evil impinge on atheist philosophy, such that it could be seen as a "problem" with, and not just within, these philosophies in a similar way too theism?
Could e.g. Marxism be seen as a response to that kind of dilemma? | 2014/09/05 | [
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/15684",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | A couple of references might be apposite here:
1. Both Arendts *Totalitarianism* and *Eichman in Jerusalem* where she examines the nature of Stalins Soviet Union & The Nazi Regime, and also the trial of Eichmann, the Nazi war criminal in Jerusalem; the second book is where she coined the phrase 'banality of evil'. Arendt, was famously a lover of Heidegger; she was also Jewish but highly secularised.
2. Mary Midgeleys *Wickedness:a philosophical essay* is by a Christian philosopher, but in this essay, as this [review](http://www.the-philosopher.co.uk/reviews/wickedness.htm) acknowledges distances the topic of 'evil' from her theological concerns; hence, of course, wickedness rather than evil. To quote from the review:
>
> In an area where little recent philosophical work has been done, Midgley's approach combines recourse to ancient sources (Plato, Aristotle, Manicheanism) with reference to more modern approaches, most notably the work of Hannah Arendt. Midgley also refers extensively to developments within evolutionary theory. Midgley's own philosophical perspective on wickedness, however, remains resolutely Aristotelian throughout. On the one side, she vehemently rejects a dualism which would see evil as a privation and something extrinsic to being.
>
>
>
The etymology of *[Evil](http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=evil)* is revealing:
>
> Old English yfel "bad, vicious, ill, wicked," (cognates: Old Saxon ubil, Old Frisian and Middle Dutch evel, Dutch euvel, Old High German ubil, German übel, Gothic ubils)
>
>
> Evil was the word the Anglo-Saxons used where we would use bad, cruel, unskillful, defective (adj.), or harm, crime, misfortune, disease (n.). The meaning "extreme moral wickedness" was in Old English, but did not become the main sense until 18c.
>
>
>
One might say that the secularised notion of evil is returning to its Anglo-Saxon roots. | No, the concept of evil does not impinge on atheist philosophy. In a non-religious context evil can be regarded as originating from, for example, psychopathy, sadism, pathological narcissism. Furthermore, where leadership is psychopathic and/or paranoid conformity and authoritarianism can cause evil - or pathological disfunction - to spread into wider society, (since those not conforming to the pathological worldview would be endangered). |
15,684 | Does the existence of evil impinge on atheist philosophy, such that it could be seen as a "problem" with, and not just within, these philosophies in a similar way too theism?
Could e.g. Marxism be seen as a response to that kind of dilemma? | 2014/09/05 | [
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/15684",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | The Problem of Evil exists in theism because theists need to provide an explanation for how evil can exist in a world created by an infinitely benevolent deity. Since atheists deny claims about the existence of said deity, the problem simply does not exist. The existence of evil does not by itself present a problem to atheism. | No, the concept of evil does not impinge on atheist philosophy. In a non-religious context evil can be regarded as originating from, for example, psychopathy, sadism, pathological narcissism. Furthermore, where leadership is psychopathic and/or paranoid conformity and authoritarianism can cause evil - or pathological disfunction - to spread into wider society, (since those not conforming to the pathological worldview would be endangered). |
15,684 | Does the existence of evil impinge on atheist philosophy, such that it could be seen as a "problem" with, and not just within, these philosophies in a similar way too theism?
Could e.g. Marxism be seen as a response to that kind of dilemma? | 2014/09/05 | [
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/15684",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | A couple of references might be apposite here:
1. Both Arendts *Totalitarianism* and *Eichman in Jerusalem* where she examines the nature of Stalins Soviet Union & The Nazi Regime, and also the trial of Eichmann, the Nazi war criminal in Jerusalem; the second book is where she coined the phrase 'banality of evil'. Arendt, was famously a lover of Heidegger; she was also Jewish but highly secularised.
2. Mary Midgeleys *Wickedness:a philosophical essay* is by a Christian philosopher, but in this essay, as this [review](http://www.the-philosopher.co.uk/reviews/wickedness.htm) acknowledges distances the topic of 'evil' from her theological concerns; hence, of course, wickedness rather than evil. To quote from the review:
>
> In an area where little recent philosophical work has been done, Midgley's approach combines recourse to ancient sources (Plato, Aristotle, Manicheanism) with reference to more modern approaches, most notably the work of Hannah Arendt. Midgley also refers extensively to developments within evolutionary theory. Midgley's own philosophical perspective on wickedness, however, remains resolutely Aristotelian throughout. On the one side, she vehemently rejects a dualism which would see evil as a privation and something extrinsic to being.
>
>
>
The etymology of *[Evil](http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=evil)* is revealing:
>
> Old English yfel "bad, vicious, ill, wicked," (cognates: Old Saxon ubil, Old Frisian and Middle Dutch evel, Dutch euvel, Old High German ubil, German übel, Gothic ubils)
>
>
> Evil was the word the Anglo-Saxons used where we would use bad, cruel, unskillful, defective (adj.), or harm, crime, misfortune, disease (n.). The meaning "extreme moral wickedness" was in Old English, but did not become the main sense until 18c.
>
>
>
One might say that the secularised notion of evil is returning to its Anglo-Saxon roots. | There are many philosophies for which the existence of error, including moral error, is a problem. These philosophies are justificationist philosophies that claim it is possible and desirable to show ideas are true or probably true. The problem is that if such a method exists then it is possible for people to learn whether their ideas are true or not and so explaining error, including moral error, becomes difficult. Almost all philosophers, secular or religious, are justificationists and so have trouble explaining moral error, including evil.
These problems need not arise. Justification is impossible, unnecessary and undesirable. If you assess ideas using argument then the arguments have premises and rules of inference and the result of the argument may not be true (or probably true) if the premises and rules of inference are false. You might try to solve this by coming up with a new argument that proves the premises and rules of inference but then you have the same problem with those premises and rules of inference. You might say that some stuff is indubitably true (or probably true), and you can use that as a foundation. But that just means you have cut off a possible avenue of intellectual progress since the foundation can't be explained in terms of anything deeper. And in any case there is nothing that can fill that role. Sense experience won't work since you can misinterpret information from your sense organs, e.g. - optical illusions. Sense organs also fail to record lots of stuff that does exist, e.g. - neutrinos. Scientific instruments aren't infallible either since you can make mistakes in setting them up, in interpreting information from them and so on.
We don't create knowledge (useful or explanatory information) by showing stuff is true or probably true for reasons so how do we create knowledge? We can only create knowledge by finding mistakes in our current ideas and correcting them piecemeal. You notice a problem with your current ideas, propose solutions, criticise the solutions until only one is left and then find a new problem. In this light it is unsurprising that people make lots of mistakes. There is no single method that will avoid all mistakes.
See "On the sources of knowledge and of ignorance" in the book "Conjectures and refutations" by Karl Popper. |
15,684 | Does the existence of evil impinge on atheist philosophy, such that it could be seen as a "problem" with, and not just within, these philosophies in a similar way too theism?
Could e.g. Marxism be seen as a response to that kind of dilemma? | 2014/09/05 | [
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/15684",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | The Problem of Evil exists in theism because theists need to provide an explanation for how evil can exist in a world created by an infinitely benevolent deity. Since atheists deny claims about the existence of said deity, the problem simply does not exist. The existence of evil does not by itself present a problem to atheism. | There are many philosophies for which the existence of error, including moral error, is a problem. These philosophies are justificationist philosophies that claim it is possible and desirable to show ideas are true or probably true. The problem is that if such a method exists then it is possible for people to learn whether their ideas are true or not and so explaining error, including moral error, becomes difficult. Almost all philosophers, secular or religious, are justificationists and so have trouble explaining moral error, including evil.
These problems need not arise. Justification is impossible, unnecessary and undesirable. If you assess ideas using argument then the arguments have premises and rules of inference and the result of the argument may not be true (or probably true) if the premises and rules of inference are false. You might try to solve this by coming up with a new argument that proves the premises and rules of inference but then you have the same problem with those premises and rules of inference. You might say that some stuff is indubitably true (or probably true), and you can use that as a foundation. But that just means you have cut off a possible avenue of intellectual progress since the foundation can't be explained in terms of anything deeper. And in any case there is nothing that can fill that role. Sense experience won't work since you can misinterpret information from your sense organs, e.g. - optical illusions. Sense organs also fail to record lots of stuff that does exist, e.g. - neutrinos. Scientific instruments aren't infallible either since you can make mistakes in setting them up, in interpreting information from them and so on.
We don't create knowledge (useful or explanatory information) by showing stuff is true or probably true for reasons so how do we create knowledge? We can only create knowledge by finding mistakes in our current ideas and correcting them piecemeal. You notice a problem with your current ideas, propose solutions, criticise the solutions until only one is left and then find a new problem. In this light it is unsurprising that people make lots of mistakes. There is no single method that will avoid all mistakes.
See "On the sources of knowledge and of ignorance" in the book "Conjectures and refutations" by Karl Popper. |
15,684 | Does the existence of evil impinge on atheist philosophy, such that it could be seen as a "problem" with, and not just within, these philosophies in a similar way too theism?
Could e.g. Marxism be seen as a response to that kind of dilemma? | 2014/09/05 | [
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/15684",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | A couple of references might be apposite here:
1. Both Arendts *Totalitarianism* and *Eichman in Jerusalem* where she examines the nature of Stalins Soviet Union & The Nazi Regime, and also the trial of Eichmann, the Nazi war criminal in Jerusalem; the second book is where she coined the phrase 'banality of evil'. Arendt, was famously a lover of Heidegger; she was also Jewish but highly secularised.
2. Mary Midgeleys *Wickedness:a philosophical essay* is by a Christian philosopher, but in this essay, as this [review](http://www.the-philosopher.co.uk/reviews/wickedness.htm) acknowledges distances the topic of 'evil' from her theological concerns; hence, of course, wickedness rather than evil. To quote from the review:
>
> In an area where little recent philosophical work has been done, Midgley's approach combines recourse to ancient sources (Plato, Aristotle, Manicheanism) with reference to more modern approaches, most notably the work of Hannah Arendt. Midgley also refers extensively to developments within evolutionary theory. Midgley's own philosophical perspective on wickedness, however, remains resolutely Aristotelian throughout. On the one side, she vehemently rejects a dualism which would see evil as a privation and something extrinsic to being.
>
>
>
The etymology of *[Evil](http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=evil)* is revealing:
>
> Old English yfel "bad, vicious, ill, wicked," (cognates: Old Saxon ubil, Old Frisian and Middle Dutch evel, Dutch euvel, Old High German ubil, German übel, Gothic ubils)
>
>
> Evil was the word the Anglo-Saxons used where we would use bad, cruel, unskillful, defective (adj.), or harm, crime, misfortune, disease (n.). The meaning "extreme moral wickedness" was in Old English, but did not become the main sense until 18c.
>
>
>
One might say that the secularised notion of evil is returning to its Anglo-Saxon roots. | The Problem of Evil exists in theism because theists need to provide an explanation for how evil can exist in a world created by an infinitely benevolent deity. Since atheists deny claims about the existence of said deity, the problem simply does not exist. The existence of evil does not by itself present a problem to atheism. |
15,684 | Does the existence of evil impinge on atheist philosophy, such that it could be seen as a "problem" with, and not just within, these philosophies in a similar way too theism?
Could e.g. Marxism be seen as a response to that kind of dilemma? | 2014/09/05 | [
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/15684",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | A couple of references might be apposite here:
1. Both Arendts *Totalitarianism* and *Eichman in Jerusalem* where she examines the nature of Stalins Soviet Union & The Nazi Regime, and also the trial of Eichmann, the Nazi war criminal in Jerusalem; the second book is where she coined the phrase 'banality of evil'. Arendt, was famously a lover of Heidegger; she was also Jewish but highly secularised.
2. Mary Midgeleys *Wickedness:a philosophical essay* is by a Christian philosopher, but in this essay, as this [review](http://www.the-philosopher.co.uk/reviews/wickedness.htm) acknowledges distances the topic of 'evil' from her theological concerns; hence, of course, wickedness rather than evil. To quote from the review:
>
> In an area where little recent philosophical work has been done, Midgley's approach combines recourse to ancient sources (Plato, Aristotle, Manicheanism) with reference to more modern approaches, most notably the work of Hannah Arendt. Midgley also refers extensively to developments within evolutionary theory. Midgley's own philosophical perspective on wickedness, however, remains resolutely Aristotelian throughout. On the one side, she vehemently rejects a dualism which would see evil as a privation and something extrinsic to being.
>
>
>
The etymology of *[Evil](http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=evil)* is revealing:
>
> Old English yfel "bad, vicious, ill, wicked," (cognates: Old Saxon ubil, Old Frisian and Middle Dutch evel, Dutch euvel, Old High German ubil, German übel, Gothic ubils)
>
>
> Evil was the word the Anglo-Saxons used where we would use bad, cruel, unskillful, defective (adj.), or harm, crime, misfortune, disease (n.). The meaning "extreme moral wickedness" was in Old English, but did not become the main sense until 18c.
>
>
>
One might say that the secularised notion of evil is returning to its Anglo-Saxon roots. | The problem of evil does not just arise in theism and deism, but also in e.g. Hegel's absolute idealism.
Whether or not the left Hegelians have the same problem. |
15,684 | Does the existence of evil impinge on atheist philosophy, such that it could be seen as a "problem" with, and not just within, these philosophies in a similar way too theism?
Could e.g. Marxism be seen as a response to that kind of dilemma? | 2014/09/05 | [
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/15684",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | A couple of references might be apposite here:
1. Both Arendts *Totalitarianism* and *Eichman in Jerusalem* where she examines the nature of Stalins Soviet Union & The Nazi Regime, and also the trial of Eichmann, the Nazi war criminal in Jerusalem; the second book is where she coined the phrase 'banality of evil'. Arendt, was famously a lover of Heidegger; she was also Jewish but highly secularised.
2. Mary Midgeleys *Wickedness:a philosophical essay* is by a Christian philosopher, but in this essay, as this [review](http://www.the-philosopher.co.uk/reviews/wickedness.htm) acknowledges distances the topic of 'evil' from her theological concerns; hence, of course, wickedness rather than evil. To quote from the review:
>
> In an area where little recent philosophical work has been done, Midgley's approach combines recourse to ancient sources (Plato, Aristotle, Manicheanism) with reference to more modern approaches, most notably the work of Hannah Arendt. Midgley also refers extensively to developments within evolutionary theory. Midgley's own philosophical perspective on wickedness, however, remains resolutely Aristotelian throughout. On the one side, she vehemently rejects a dualism which would see evil as a privation and something extrinsic to being.
>
>
>
The etymology of *[Evil](http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=evil)* is revealing:
>
> Old English yfel "bad, vicious, ill, wicked," (cognates: Old Saxon ubil, Old Frisian and Middle Dutch evel, Dutch euvel, Old High German ubil, German übel, Gothic ubils)
>
>
> Evil was the word the Anglo-Saxons used where we would use bad, cruel, unskillful, defective (adj.), or harm, crime, misfortune, disease (n.). The meaning "extreme moral wickedness" was in Old English, but did not become the main sense until 18c.
>
>
>
One might say that the secularised notion of evil is returning to its Anglo-Saxon roots. | You could argue and this has been the case with some theist that atheism has a big problem with explaining the problem of goodness. In other words how does the atheist explain how any apparent goodness in some people?
On what basis does the human animal decide post coitus cannibalism is abnormal when the black widow spiders of Africa find this common place?
If we are just a more evolved form animal then where do these un-animal like morality we seem to have come from? |
15,684 | Does the existence of evil impinge on atheist philosophy, such that it could be seen as a "problem" with, and not just within, these philosophies in a similar way too theism?
Could e.g. Marxism be seen as a response to that kind of dilemma? | 2014/09/05 | [
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/15684",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | The Problem of Evil exists in theism because theists need to provide an explanation for how evil can exist in a world created by an infinitely benevolent deity. Since atheists deny claims about the existence of said deity, the problem simply does not exist. The existence of evil does not by itself present a problem to atheism. | The problem of evil does not just arise in theism and deism, but also in e.g. Hegel's absolute idealism.
Whether or not the left Hegelians have the same problem. |
15,684 | Does the existence of evil impinge on atheist philosophy, such that it could be seen as a "problem" with, and not just within, these philosophies in a similar way too theism?
Could e.g. Marxism be seen as a response to that kind of dilemma? | 2014/09/05 | [
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/15684",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | The Problem of Evil exists in theism because theists need to provide an explanation for how evil can exist in a world created by an infinitely benevolent deity. Since atheists deny claims about the existence of said deity, the problem simply does not exist. The existence of evil does not by itself present a problem to atheism. | You could argue and this has been the case with some theist that atheism has a big problem with explaining the problem of goodness. In other words how does the atheist explain how any apparent goodness in some people?
On what basis does the human animal decide post coitus cannibalism is abnormal when the black widow spiders of Africa find this common place?
If we are just a more evolved form animal then where do these un-animal like morality we seem to have come from? |
19,139,538 | My challenge is to create a WPF application which allows the user to add / place a set of controls (gauges, charts, etc.) dynamically on a canvas at runtime and save the view (control coordinates etc.) they have designed. Those controls will display real time information from connected machines.
I'd like to know if there are any commercial or open source solutions available for this scenario. I am also grateful for any hints on where to start. | 2013/10/02 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/19139538",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/310764/"
] | This is pretty simple stuff. If you use a Canvas and bind it to a list of items (x, y, rotation, z order, data source etc), then use ItemTemplates to style the individual control styles, then serialize the whole lot for saving/loading.
Edit: this post might give you some pointers [Is it possible to bind a Canvas's Children property in XAML?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/889825/is-it-possible-to-bind-a-canvass-children-property-in-xaml) | You could also try the SharpDevelop WPF Designer <https://github.com/icsharpcode/WpfDesigner> |
7,871 | I have installed Ubuntu 10.10 32-bit on my PC with my USB Flash disk. I then installed an NVIDIA driver through **Additional Drivers**. Unfortunately, I forgot the driver's version, but I think it's nvidia-185.
And I rebooted my PC an ugly splash screen appeared, and I can't pass the login screen or log in.
How can I resolve this? | 2010/10/17 | [
"https://askubuntu.com/questions/7871",
"https://askubuntu.com",
"https://askubuntu.com/users/-1/"
] | As mentioned in [this article](http://www.socialblogr.com/2010/10/how-to-install-nvidia-graphic-card-driver-on-ubuntu-10-10.html), I needed to disable nouveau before installing the driver. | You need to reconfigure xorg. See [this thread on Ubuntu Forums](http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=690760) |
1,531,374 | Hi there I am having a bit of a simple task problems.
We have pretty simple configured MS server 2012 in our school.
The thing is we want to deny access few PCs from ONE user so our students can only access library PC with their OWN account as we want to monitor their actions.
I have one user (library\_user) and this user should NOT be able to log on to three specific PCs.
One way I thought is to delete the Domain User group to specific computers and create a new group with all users EXCEPT library\_user user. But there are so many users on "Domain Users" group that it would take a long time to add all users manually.
Would this be the right way to get this done? Thank you | 2020/03/09 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/1531374",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/1145589/"
] | So finally my issue has been resolved.
I have found another laptop with the same model, I replaced SSD and copied my data.
Thank you guys for your time and suggestions. | When Googleing "Orico M.2 NGFF Enclosure" all I can find are devices that are M.2 NVME drive enclosures.
In many cases, M.2 NVME (PCi) and M.2 SATA are not compatible.
The information page on amazon for the above enclosure state the following:
>
> This NVMe SSD enclosure leverages most of M.2 PCIe NVMe drives to add ultra-fast USB C 3.1 Gen 2 (10 Gbps) external storage to your USB-C enabled host (USB-C cable included)
>
>
> Compatible with most M-Key M.2 NVMe PCIe SSD with 2280, 2260, 2242,
> 2230 form factor: Samsung 950 Pro, PM951, PM981, SM961, 960 EVO, 960
> Pro, 970 EVO, 970 Pro, WD Black, ADATA XPG, Crucial, Intel Optane
> memory 600P, 760P, 900P, Kingston. **Note: NOT compatible with M.2 SATA
> NGFF or AHCI based SSDs**.
>
>
>
You would need an enclosure that is compatible with some kind of M.2 SATA compatibility.
Double check the enclosure you have and read the capabilities of the enclosure. I only have the evidence from the google search with the informaiton you have offered. |
1,531,374 | Hi there I am having a bit of a simple task problems.
We have pretty simple configured MS server 2012 in our school.
The thing is we want to deny access few PCs from ONE user so our students can only access library PC with their OWN account as we want to monitor their actions.
I have one user (library\_user) and this user should NOT be able to log on to three specific PCs.
One way I thought is to delete the Domain User group to specific computers and create a new group with all users EXCEPT library\_user user. But there are so many users on "Domain Users" group that it would take a long time to add all users manually.
Would this be the right way to get this done? Thank you | 2020/03/09 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/1531374",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/1145589/"
] | When Googleing "Orico M.2 NGFF Enclosure" all I can find are devices that are M.2 NVME drive enclosures.
In many cases, M.2 NVME (PCi) and M.2 SATA are not compatible.
The information page on amazon for the above enclosure state the following:
>
> This NVMe SSD enclosure leverages most of M.2 PCIe NVMe drives to add ultra-fast USB C 3.1 Gen 2 (10 Gbps) external storage to your USB-C enabled host (USB-C cable included)
>
>
> Compatible with most M-Key M.2 NVMe PCIe SSD with 2280, 2260, 2242,
> 2230 form factor: Samsung 950 Pro, PM951, PM981, SM961, 960 EVO, 960
> Pro, 970 EVO, 970 Pro, WD Black, ADATA XPG, Crucial, Intel Optane
> memory 600P, 760P, 900P, Kingston. **Note: NOT compatible with M.2 SATA
> NGFF or AHCI based SSDs**.
>
>
>
You would need an enclosure that is compatible with some kind of M.2 SATA compatibility.
Double check the enclosure you have and read the capabilities of the enclosure. I only have the evidence from the google search with the informaiton you have offered. | I know this is old but ,will leave this here for anyone who has this problem, under windows 7, I thought the enclosure was faulty at first, the problem is the new ssd comes with gpt partition table, which win 7 can't read, the solution was I borrowed another laptop with win10 under disk management changed format to MBR, win7 can now read the disk. |
1,531,374 | Hi there I am having a bit of a simple task problems.
We have pretty simple configured MS server 2012 in our school.
The thing is we want to deny access few PCs from ONE user so our students can only access library PC with their OWN account as we want to monitor their actions.
I have one user (library\_user) and this user should NOT be able to log on to three specific PCs.
One way I thought is to delete the Domain User group to specific computers and create a new group with all users EXCEPT library\_user user. But there are so many users on "Domain Users" group that it would take a long time to add all users manually.
Would this be the right way to get this done? Thank you | 2020/03/09 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/1531374",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/1145589/"
] | So finally my issue has been resolved.
I have found another laptop with the same model, I replaced SSD and copied my data.
Thank you guys for your time and suggestions. | I know this is old but ,will leave this here for anyone who has this problem, under windows 7, I thought the enclosure was faulty at first, the problem is the new ssd comes with gpt partition table, which win 7 can't read, the solution was I borrowed another laptop with win10 under disk management changed format to MBR, win7 can now read the disk. |
19,387 | What is the reason for the difference between German *dass*-Sätze (which are in the indicative mood) and French *que*-sentences (which are in the subjunctive mood)?
My German understanding is far better than the French one. As far as I understand, it is usual in French to put a verb in subjunctive mood after *que.* In German it will be the same in case we have indirect speech, but in other cases the **tense** comes before the **mood**. For example (correct me if I am wrong) we have in German:
>
> Ich denke dass du da bist.
>
>
>
In french the *to be* verb should be in subjunctive.
Also, I know that there are some fundamental differences between the subjunctive mood in these languages. For example in French we have a separate conditional conjugation, whereas in German we use “Konjunktiv II”. | 2016/08/17 | [
"https://linguistics.stackexchange.com/questions/19387",
"https://linguistics.stackexchange.com",
"https://linguistics.stackexchange.com/users/13863/"
] | French **subjunctive** is usually triggered by certain kinds of verbs that require their complement to be in subjunctive but also by certain conjunctions; one could establish four classes of triggers:
* "verbes de **volonté**": verbs expressing wishes, e.g. (*Je veux que tu m'ENTENDES* (= *I want you to LISTEN to me*))
* "verbes des **sentiments**": verbs expressing subjective thoughts, e.g. *Il est une tragédie qu'il PARTE* (= *It is a tragedy that he LEAVES*), *Je suis content que tu SOIS mon fils* (= *I am glad that you ARE my son*)
* "verbes de la **balance**": verbs like *penser* (= *to think*), *être sur* (= *to be sure*) etc., depending on how likely you consider the proposition to be true: *Je ne pense pas qu'elle AIT un chien, mais je ne suis pas sur* (= *I don't think that she HAS a dog, but I am not sure*), but *Mon père ne croit pas qu'elle a A un chien parce qu'il ne l'a jamais vu* (= *My father doesn't believe that she HAS a dog because he has never seen it*, indicative instead of subjunctive)
* certain **conjunctions**, e.g. *Mon frère regarde la télé avant qu'il AILLE au lit* (= *My brother watches TV before he GOES to bed*), *Ma copine travaille quoiqu'elle SOIT en congé* (= *My friend works although she IS in vacation*).
---
French **indirect speech** works similar as in English: For present tense, **imperfective** is used; if the speech event is in the past, **time shift** occurs.
This results in the state that the mood used for indirect speech depends on the verb in the main clause; if it is one of the subjunctive triggers (like *Il pense que...* (= *He says that...*) it will be in subjunctive, but for all others (like *Il dit que...* (= *He says that...*)) imperfective mood, i.e. no special indication of indirect speech (with the exception of time shift).
---
German **Konjunktiv 1** (not to be confused with Konjunktiv 2, see below) is only1 used for **indirect speech**, i.e. reports of what someone said (or wrote): *Er sagt, er SEI der neue Nachbar* (= *He says that he IS the new neighbour*), *Sie fragte, ob das ein Problem SEI* (= *She asked whether this WAS a problem*)).
Concerning **tense**, you can't really say that "tense comes before mood" because the Konj1 mood also knows different tenses (however only compound tenses: *Der Pfarrer sagt, er HABE darauf GEHOFFT* (= *The priest says he HAD HOPED for it*)), so the mood will not be supressed by tense if this is what you meant by "tense comes before mood".
As @ˈvʀ̩ʦl̩ˌpʀm̩ft said, Konjunktiv 1 occurs **rarely in spoken language**, there it is usually replaced by Konjunktiv 2 with *würde* (see below) or, most of the time, simply indicative (*Peter sagt, dass er uns HILFT* instead of *Peter sagt, dass er uns HELFE* (= *Peter says that he helps us*), but in written language (especially newspapers), it is good style to do it to emphasise that what is reported is not the speaker's/writer's belief but only what was said and there is no judgement made about whether this is actually true or not.
On the other hand, there are contexts where this emphasising doesn't make that much sense, as in your example sentence *Ich denke, dass du da bist* (= *I think that you are there*) where it is automatically clear that this is what you believe (because this is what the sentences explicitely says) so it would be weird to indicate this is just what someone else thinks but not your own thought, because obviously you do believe that the addressee is there so it is more natural to just use indicative.
If you were to say *Ich sagte, dass er da SEI* (= *I said that he WAS there*) however, Konj1 is somewhat more normal because this is now again just a report of what was said and it might for example be that you lied, i.e. that you don't necessarily believe the complement to be true. So you might want to use Konj1 instead of indicative here to indicate this is just what you said, but then again (esp. in colloquial speech) this could be interpreted like the complement was actually not true (because if it was, it would have been clearer by you to express this truth by using indicative, and Konj1 often sounds a bit like you didn't believe the claim to be true) - it's a little difficult.
As a rule of thumb I would say that more formal, written language requires Konj1 for all uses of indirect speech, and this is what you actually find in newspapers (especially there), so the form does have a regular use for indirect speech. But there are exceptions to its usage (esp. in the case of *denken* (= *to think*), indicative or Konj2 often fits better), and in colloquial speech, Konj1 is almost extinct or at least weird to say and replaced by indicative or Konj2 with *würde* instead.
---
German **Konjunktiv 2** is used for
* **irrealis** in
+ conditionals, both in the antecedent and in the consequent (*Wenn Robert das SÄHE, WÄRE er stolz auf dich* (= *If Robert SAW this, he WOULD BE proud of you*))
+ improbable or irreal consequences (*Er fuhr so schnell, dass er fast einen Unfall gebaut HÄTTE* (= *He drove so fast he almost MADE an accident*) or *Wir haben zu spät bestellt, als dass das Paket noch rechtzeitig ANKÄME* (= *We ordered to late for the package TO ARRIVE in time*))
+ irreal comparisons (*Es fühlt sich an, als HÄTTE ich das alles schonmal erlebt* (= *It feels like I HAD already experienced all this before*))
+ propositions that you are unsure about (*Es könnte sein, dass er schon gegangen ist* (= *It MIGHT BE that he already left*), *WÜRDE das denn funktionieren?* (= *Would that even work?*))
* **politeness** (*Ich HÄTTE gern ein Glas Wasser* (= *I WOULD LIKE to have a glass of water*), *KÖNNTEN Sie mir bitte helfen* (= *WOULD you please help me*), *Der Bericht WÄRE jetzt fertig* (= *The report is complete now*, you might hear this for example a submissive secretary not wanting to disturb the boss))
* **replacing Konjunktiv 1** when
+ the latter is identical to indicative (*Sie sagen, sie HABEN keine Angst* (= *They say that they HAVE no fear*, could be both indicative or Konj1)) to make clear again it is only a report and not a necessary truth
+ or when you express your doubt in what was said (*Sie behauptet, das GINGE nicht, aber ich glaube ihr nicht so recht* (= *She claims that this DOESN'T work, but I don't really believe her*))
Also note that regular Konj2 is often replaced by the forms with ***würde*** (*er KÄME* -> *er WÜRDE KOMMEN* (= *he CAME* -> *he WOULD COME*) especially in colloqial speech2, but also when Konj2 is identical to preterite (\*Wenn das STIMMTE (= *If it WERE true* (Konj2) or = *If it WAS true* (past tense))).
Similarly as with Konj1, if you want to use Konj2 in past, you need the **compound forms**, here with *würde* and *hätte*: *Wenn ich genug Geld BESÄßE, FLÖGE ich nach Mallorca* (= *If I OWNED enough money, I WOULD FLY to Mallorca*) vs. *Wenn ich genug Geld BESESESN HÄTTE, WÄRE ich nach Mallorca GEFLOGEN* (= *If I HAD OWNED enough money, I WOULD HAVE FLOWN to Mallorca*), *Meine Freundin dachte, es LIEFE gut* (= *My friend thought it WORKED well*) vs. *Meine Freundin dachte, es WÄRE gut GELAUFEN* (= *My friend thought it HAD WORKED well*).
But again, I wouldn't say that "tense comes before mood" because a different tense doesn't make the conjunctive disappear. (I'm still not sure if this is what you meant.)
---
In **comparison**, this means that there is some overlap, but the distribution is a bit different:
* French uses subjunctive in the context of certain triggers, often verbs expressing personal thoughts, wishes, etc., but also certain conjunctions.
* French uses (analogously to English) indicative (with time shift for speech events in the past) to express indirect speech, as long as the sentence does not already require subjunctive, which means that some indirect speech uses (usually when something was said) go with indicicative and some (usually when personal thoughts, feelings etc. are the context) with subjunctive.
* German has a partition between Konjunitv 1 for indirect speech (both reports of what someone said and reports of what someone believes or hopes etc., but not for personal opinions like *I regret that...*) and Konjunktiv 2 for irrealis or similar meanings, with some exceptions when forms are morphologically ambiguous in tense/mood or when indirect speech and irrealis mix up (e.g. when a proposition that is reported to have been said is believed to be false by the reporter such as in *They think that... but I don't think they are right*, Konj2 can be used instead of Konj1). However, indicative often takes over the meaning of Konj1 especially in colloquial speech.
* French subjunctive and German indicative have similar meaning when a context where French requires subjunctive and German does not requie conjunctive (e.g. *I regret that...*) and when indirect speech is expreseed by subjuncitve in French (given that there is a trigger verb) and German indivative is used instead of Konj1 (mostly in colloquial speech).
* French subjunctive and German Konj1 can have similar meaning in indirect speech involving subjective thoughts (like *He thinks that it was unfair*), but French subjuncitve is used where German Konj1 would not be used (e.g. when reporting subjective feelings) and German Konj1 is used where French would use indicative (e.g. in *He says that...*).
* French subjunctive and German Konj2 can have similar meaning when expressing irreal statements (like *He thought that it would be a good idea but it really wasn't*), but French subjunctive is not always translateable with Konj2 (especially where French subjunctive is required due to conjunctions, which are never triggers of conjunctive in German) and on the other hand Konj2 is used for more kinds of meanings (especially around irrealis) than French subjunctive is.
---
**Footnotes**
1 apart from a few special and usually conventionalised, unproductive uses for wishes (*Lang lebe der König* (= *Long live the king*)) or ancient-sounding recipes (*Man nehme drei Eier* (*= Take three eggs*))
2 "Real" Konj2 is in spoken language even rarer than preterite, which is also as good as extinct in spoken language, but for preterite there are at least some words where pretierite is still perferred over (or equally preferred as) perfect tense, such as *Ich dachte* instead of *Ich habe gedacht* (= *I thought*), *Ich meinte* instead of *Ich habe gemeint* (= *I meant*) or *Es ging nicht* instead of *Es ist nicht gegangen* (= *It didn't work*), but in spoken language you wouldn't use the Konj2 forms *Er dächte* (= *He would think*), *Er meinte* (= *He would mean*) or *Er ginge* (= *He would go*), but the compound forms *Er würde denken*, *Er würde meinen* and *Er würde gehen*.
---
**References**
Cases of usage mostly taken from [here](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subjonctif_(franz%C3%B6sisch)) and [here](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konjunktiv); comparison, example sentences and additional comments by my own. | >
> What is the reason for the difference […]?
>
>
>
Using the subjunctive for indirect speech in German is dying out. Conservative grammar books will probably still require that the subjunctive be used for all indirect speech (“Ich denke, dass du da **seist**.”), while modern ones loosen the criteria in cases where the indirect speech is introduced with a *dass* or similar.
You will still find the subjunctive be used for indirect speech in newspapers and similar, but in spoken language it is almost extinct. |
101,916 | Can I be the transaction processor and take in transaction fees as income without mining a Bitcoin? Would the fees be so low that it is not practical?
Or is it true that I have to be a miner in order to process any transaction? However, after year 2140, when all Bitcoins have been mined, then will people only use the computer to process transactions without doing any mining? | 2021/01/27 | [
"https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/101916",
"https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com",
"https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/users/114595/"
] | It's a combination of the low trade volume, and also because the traders on Bisq know that some people will pay a premium in order to avoid having to complete KYC requirements to do their trades.
If you signed up for an centralized exchange, you'll be able to buy at the market rate (minus a fee), but the trade-off is having to complete KYC requirements. | Post your own offer at a reasonable rate and wait. You'll likely pay less than fees you'd incur from coinbase or such. |
82,072 | In class today (philosophy of the mind) we discussed the ideas of Richard Lewontin. He stated that in determining the phenotype of a gene we must take into account the environment but also quantum uncertainties. Many people did not understand what these uncertainties might be. I would like to email the class and explain it to them, here is my draft. Does it make sense? What might I change to be more correct if I am not?
>
> I wanted to add this at the end of class, but I couldn't think of
> something short and sweet. Also I'm not a quantum physicist, but I
> have read a lot on the subject.
>
>
> The uncertainty rests upon the quantum superposition principle. The
> superposition principle tells us that any quantum particle (quarks,
> leptons(electrons are in this category), and bosons) can and do exist
> in a super position of many possible physical states at a single time.
> Only when it comes to measurement can we tell the actual state out of
> the superposition of states that the particle is going to take. Each
> state that a particle can take has a probability of happening.
>
>
> This is hard to understand in our macroscopic world because everything
> has one definite physical state. But at the microscopic level
> subatomic particles can have multiple physical states simultaneously,
> but only when it comes to interactions with other microscopic objects
> do they take a single form. And the forms that a subatomic particle
> can take each have a probability of happening. (The idea of a particle
> taking a single physical form is called "collapsing the wave
> function")
>
>
> So within a cell there might be an atom with constituent sub-atomic
> particles. Pick one, it might be in a superposition of states A and B.
> Only when this particle comes to interact with another does it take to
> either state A or B. Furthermore each state A and B have a probability
> of of happening. So there is an uncertainty involved in the cell interactions.
>
>
>
EDIT.
I guess that is kind of botched. Lets ask the real question. What quantum uncertainties are present in physiology that would need to be taken into account when determining phenotype? | 2013/10/24 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/82072",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/22643/"
] | I strongly suspect that his argument is utter garbage. Is his intent to argue that since phenotypes arise due to cellular interactions that depend on chemical reactions which proceed by quantum-mechanical dynamics, then phenotypes depend on quantum dynamics? If so, then his statement is true, but vacuously so.
As John and Ignacio pointed out, quantum dynamics play a role in the interactions of atoms and small molecules, but for anything larger than that, the reactivity of objects like chemical functional groups is well-known and highly deterministic (ask any synthetic organic chemist). At the level of larger molecules like proteins and carbohydrates, behavior is almost entirely classical in nature; qualities like the folding of small proteins and the behavior of rhodopsin in the eye are modeled in an almost entirely classical manner when computationally feasible. And at the level of macroscopic phenotypes like hair color and BMI, you're not even close to being in the realm of relevance anymore.
To argue that the development of phenotypes is strongly dependent on quantum-mechanical axioms of dynamics is sort of like arguing that the presence of cosmic rays will influence the taste of a bowl of cereal because the rays might pass through your brain and change the neural signals slightly. It's technically true by the most extreme leap of logic imaginable, but if you say it, people will still think you're an idiot. | In most chemical reactions there is a barrier, that is an [activation energy](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activation_energy), to the reaction. This barrier controls the reaction rate: a high barrier means a low rate and a low barrier means a high(er) rate. In most cases the reagents get through the barrier because there is a distribution of thermal energies and a small fraction of the reagents have enough energy to get over the barrier. This is an entirely classical effect. However quantum tunneling through the barrier must play some role, if only a small one.
Speaking as one almost entirely ignorant of the mechanics of gene expression I would guess that the rate of expression is controlled by similar dynamics, and therefore it's just conceivable that quantum tunneling would play some part. However, given the size of DNA molecules I'd bet it's a very small part. In any case you're talking about minor changes in the rate of expression, and certainly nothing like determining whether expression was suppressed. |
103,638 | To all the people with good ears:
when you're figuring out a melody by ear, are you listening to the sequence of notes and figuring out where each note sits relative to the root of the key?
Or are you figuring out what the next note is by the interval from the last note? | 2020/08/06 | [
"https://music.stackexchange.com/questions/103638",
"https://music.stackexchange.com",
"https://music.stackexchange.com/users/71281/"
] | Many good answers here already, but I'd like to keep it simple:
**Use all the clues that you can get, starting from the easiest**.
If the interval from the previous note is obvious, use that.
If the interval to the root is what stands out, use that.
If you're not sure and you have an instrument with you, use that -- figure out how to play the phrase on your instrument, and then write what you play. | When playing by ear (or writing things down), I have a lot of mental scaffoldings in my head. Like a set of automatons working in parallel, each making sense of something else:
* relative intervals to the last sound
* relative interval to some sound I remember / can relate (e.g. when I play a 6 note motive I hear that the last note is fifth below the first one)
* possibilities of the current scale
* interval relative to bass
* typical harmonic behavior, like resolving dominant 3 or dominant seven (the longer one plays, the more behaviors they consider "typical")
Some of those automatons are more cerebral, and some work on the finger level (even when I am not playing an instrument and just jolting down notes, I actually move my fingers).
When I play "by ear", I see a set of "green lights" in my head: the automatons all confirm each other's choices. It's like: "OK, the next sound is a minor second below... check; it's minor seventh of a minor chord resolving to major third of a dominant... check; it is the seventh tone of the current scale... check; base jumps a perfect fourth up... check; it's the same sound we heard on the beginning of the phrase... check". Sometimes it happens that one of the machines says: "bzzzt! something's wrong!", and then a frantic voting happens, I have to take things off the auto pilot and fall back to 1 (just relative intervals). |
103,638 | To all the people with good ears:
when you're figuring out a melody by ear, are you listening to the sequence of notes and figuring out where each note sits relative to the root of the key?
Or are you figuring out what the next note is by the interval from the last note? | 2020/08/06 | [
"https://music.stackexchange.com/questions/103638",
"https://music.stackexchange.com",
"https://music.stackexchange.com/users/71281/"
] | >
> when you're figuring out a melody by ear, are you listening to the
> sequence of notes and figuring out where each note sits relative to
> the root of the key? Or are you figuring out what the next note is by
> the interval from the last note?
>
>
>
All of those, and none of them.
The thing is, I don't "figure it out", and it's not a matter of reasoning or logical thinking. It *happens*, I see the incoming melody notes, chords and bass notes in my mind on a piano keyboard or guitar fretboard. If the melody line is too fast and unfamiliar, I don't see it, or if the harmony is completely strange i.e. something I've never played, I might only see rough guesses and movements. And even if I see the notes completely clearly, it might be *wrong*! I have to play it to verify my guesses.
The learning process is an action-reaction feedback loop and it goes like this:
* Hear a note or chord (or whatever aspect you're trying to reproduce)
* Guess something as an immediate reaction, not a logical "calculation". Even a wild random guess is ok.
* Test the guess by **playing it**.
* If it was wrong, make a correction.
* Repeat
Monkey see, monkey do. Monkey don't figure out.
The important thing to realize about the process is, the guesses might be right or wrong, and the accuracy of the guesses improves over time, through practice. But it's not about logical and intellectual reasoning, it's about training and doing, practical exercises. The ability to see the notes without actually playing has come through lots of playing by ear in practice, and when I don't actually play, it's some kind of a mental simulation of playing.
If I interpret your question about tonic (which you meant by "root"?) vs. relative steps to fit this process: I "see" all aspects that I've trained myself to produce.
* A tonic/key/reference point is always there and all notes are located somewhere relative to a tonic. Actually it's completely relative - I can re-calibrate the "seeing" at will to any key, because I've trained myself to play any song in any key. That's what I've had to do. For example, if I want, I can see any incoming song in F minor or Ab major, without changing the audible pitch I'm imagining or humming.
* Chordal harmony inside the key. What chords would I play to reproduce this progression.
* Melody notes. How would I play this melody.
* Bass inversions. What would I play with bass notes to reproduce what I'm hearing.
The "next note" / "previous note" thing is an aspect as well - even if my guess is wrong about the melody's relation to the chords and tonic, the melody notes move in steps up/down the scale. Sometimes it happens, particularly if I'm "looking" at a song on the guitar (instead of piano keyboard which is the stronger instrument for me), the melody I see (=guess) on the (imaginary) fretboard is a fifth or fourth off, particularly with some fast jazzy/bluesy lines, I might confuse notes that form extended chords, for example if the melody goes G-E over an Am9 chord, I might see it as C-A. Because the Am9 is kind of Am and Em played at the same time, I imagine the wrong minor third. But if I switch my imagined instrument to piano, I might see the notes differently.
I suppose people who are good at sight reading and composing by writing music, the music staff is like an instrument they play, so they can "see" things they hear on music staves. But that's not the case for me, I need to imagine playing piano or guitar. | Many good answers here already, but I'd like to keep it simple:
**Use all the clues that you can get, starting from the easiest**.
If the interval from the previous note is obvious, use that.
If the interval to the root is what stands out, use that.
If you're not sure and you have an instrument with you, use that -- figure out how to play the phrase on your instrument, and then write what you play. |
103,638 | To all the people with good ears:
when you're figuring out a melody by ear, are you listening to the sequence of notes and figuring out where each note sits relative to the root of the key?
Or are you figuring out what the next note is by the interval from the last note? | 2020/08/06 | [
"https://music.stackexchange.com/questions/103638",
"https://music.stackexchange.com",
"https://music.stackexchange.com/users/71281/"
] | You have to learn motifs and intervals. (Make your self a list of the most usual like:
so-mi, so-la-so-mi, do-re-mi-do, do-re-mi-fa-so, so-do, so-do-mi, so-la-ti-do, do-do-ti-do, do-ti-la-ti-do etc. etc. and then you'll recognize them in a melody. There are lots of identical turns and formulas in folk or pop songs.
You can make (also when listening by ear) a harmonic analysis like a piano chord reduction, filtering out the triad (arpeggios) and add the other tones as change notes, passing tones and approach notes.
And you won't ask which method we prefer. Everyone uses both and not only these two. You can listen to the base line, the melody, the cadences and sequences and the transposed motifs. All are playing a role, all of them are helpful.
So start training scales, intervals, triads and 7th chords with their resolution like: so-ti-re-fa ->mi-do, by singing, writing, playing, listening.
do-re-do-mi-do-fa ... or do-mi-re-fa-mi-so (all combinations of intervals and sequences. That's what solfege is. Search for solfeggios and warming ups, also for piano etudes for beginners. | If you have perfect pitch, congratulations! None of the following probably applies.
If you have good but not perfect pitch, you can probably get by...if the key and the number of voices, counterpoint, and harmony isn't that complicated. I did this in my first music theory class when we had to transcribe 2-3 moving lines, and it stunted my growth when we started getting lots of chromaticisms, secondary dominants, and hard key signatures.
For mere mortals like myself, the "correct" way according to my college professors is by training your relative pitch, or recognizing intervals between two notes. (It's been some time since I left college, so I may have forgotten some of the finer-grained details).
With good knowledge of what intervals sound like, you can do the following, given the lowest note of a chord:
* Figure out all intervals above the lowest note
* Figure out the lowest of the next chord in relation to the current note
This should theoretically allow you to transpose any piece of music, but it's really slow.
You can combine it with the following shortcuts to speed things up:
* Use knowledge of tonality (major, minor, types of seventh, etc.) to identify the quality of the chord.
* Use music theory to rule out unlikely chords in the chord progression/identify non-chord tones and chromaticisms if you are given the chord progression
* Use knowledge of inversions + the location of certain intervals to quickly find the root (e.g., if you hear a 2nd in the lowest 2 notes of a 7th chord, it's probably in 3rd inversion) |
103,638 | To all the people with good ears:
when you're figuring out a melody by ear, are you listening to the sequence of notes and figuring out where each note sits relative to the root of the key?
Or are you figuring out what the next note is by the interval from the last note? | 2020/08/06 | [
"https://music.stackexchange.com/questions/103638",
"https://music.stackexchange.com",
"https://music.stackexchange.com/users/71281/"
] | As someone with absolute pitch, when I sit down and transcribe a piece or melody by ear, I determine each note individually by ear regardless of whether the piece is atonal or not or what the note intervals are.
Whoops.
For particularly hard-to-hear notes, though, I do fall back to intervals.
(As an aside, I often sing music by pitch-matching my singing to the (however flawed) recording in my head, which depends neither on keys nor intervals. Bizarrely, I am often aware of the key(s) (if any) of an excerpt I listen to for the first time before I am aware of what each individual note is.) | When playing by ear (or writing things down), I have a lot of mental scaffoldings in my head. Like a set of automatons working in parallel, each making sense of something else:
* relative intervals to the last sound
* relative interval to some sound I remember / can relate (e.g. when I play a 6 note motive I hear that the last note is fifth below the first one)
* possibilities of the current scale
* interval relative to bass
* typical harmonic behavior, like resolving dominant 3 or dominant seven (the longer one plays, the more behaviors they consider "typical")
Some of those automatons are more cerebral, and some work on the finger level (even when I am not playing an instrument and just jolting down notes, I actually move my fingers).
When I play "by ear", I see a set of "green lights" in my head: the automatons all confirm each other's choices. It's like: "OK, the next sound is a minor second below... check; it's minor seventh of a minor chord resolving to major third of a dominant... check; it is the seventh tone of the current scale... check; base jumps a perfect fourth up... check; it's the same sound we heard on the beginning of the phrase... check". Sometimes it happens that one of the machines says: "bzzzt! something's wrong!", and then a frantic voting happens, I have to take things off the auto pilot and fall back to 1 (just relative intervals). |
103,638 | To all the people with good ears:
when you're figuring out a melody by ear, are you listening to the sequence of notes and figuring out where each note sits relative to the root of the key?
Or are you figuring out what the next note is by the interval from the last note? | 2020/08/06 | [
"https://music.stackexchange.com/questions/103638",
"https://music.stackexchange.com",
"https://music.stackexchange.com/users/71281/"
] | You have to learn motifs and intervals. (Make your self a list of the most usual like:
so-mi, so-la-so-mi, do-re-mi-do, do-re-mi-fa-so, so-do, so-do-mi, so-la-ti-do, do-do-ti-do, do-ti-la-ti-do etc. etc. and then you'll recognize them in a melody. There are lots of identical turns and formulas in folk or pop songs.
You can make (also when listening by ear) a harmonic analysis like a piano chord reduction, filtering out the triad (arpeggios) and add the other tones as change notes, passing tones and approach notes.
And you won't ask which method we prefer. Everyone uses both and not only these two. You can listen to the base line, the melody, the cadences and sequences and the transposed motifs. All are playing a role, all of them are helpful.
So start training scales, intervals, triads and 7th chords with their resolution like: so-ti-re-fa ->mi-do, by singing, writing, playing, listening.
do-re-do-mi-do-fa ... or do-mi-re-fa-mi-so (all combinations of intervals and sequences. That's what solfege is. Search for solfeggios and warming ups, also for piano etudes for beginners. | When playing by ear (or writing things down), I have a lot of mental scaffoldings in my head. Like a set of automatons working in parallel, each making sense of something else:
* relative intervals to the last sound
* relative interval to some sound I remember / can relate (e.g. when I play a 6 note motive I hear that the last note is fifth below the first one)
* possibilities of the current scale
* interval relative to bass
* typical harmonic behavior, like resolving dominant 3 or dominant seven (the longer one plays, the more behaviors they consider "typical")
Some of those automatons are more cerebral, and some work on the finger level (even when I am not playing an instrument and just jolting down notes, I actually move my fingers).
When I play "by ear", I see a set of "green lights" in my head: the automatons all confirm each other's choices. It's like: "OK, the next sound is a minor second below... check; it's minor seventh of a minor chord resolving to major third of a dominant... check; it is the seventh tone of the current scale... check; base jumps a perfect fourth up... check; it's the same sound we heard on the beginning of the phrase... check". Sometimes it happens that one of the machines says: "bzzzt! something's wrong!", and then a frantic voting happens, I have to take things off the auto pilot and fall back to 1 (just relative intervals). |
103,638 | To all the people with good ears:
when you're figuring out a melody by ear, are you listening to the sequence of notes and figuring out where each note sits relative to the root of the key?
Or are you figuring out what the next note is by the interval from the last note? | 2020/08/06 | [
"https://music.stackexchange.com/questions/103638",
"https://music.stackexchange.com",
"https://music.stackexchange.com/users/71281/"
] | >
> when you're figuring out a melody by ear, are you listening to the
> sequence of notes and figuring out where each note sits relative to
> the root of the key? Or are you figuring out what the next note is by
> the interval from the last note?
>
>
>
All of those, and none of them.
The thing is, I don't "figure it out", and it's not a matter of reasoning or logical thinking. It *happens*, I see the incoming melody notes, chords and bass notes in my mind on a piano keyboard or guitar fretboard. If the melody line is too fast and unfamiliar, I don't see it, or if the harmony is completely strange i.e. something I've never played, I might only see rough guesses and movements. And even if I see the notes completely clearly, it might be *wrong*! I have to play it to verify my guesses.
The learning process is an action-reaction feedback loop and it goes like this:
* Hear a note or chord (or whatever aspect you're trying to reproduce)
* Guess something as an immediate reaction, not a logical "calculation". Even a wild random guess is ok.
* Test the guess by **playing it**.
* If it was wrong, make a correction.
* Repeat
Monkey see, monkey do. Monkey don't figure out.
The important thing to realize about the process is, the guesses might be right or wrong, and the accuracy of the guesses improves over time, through practice. But it's not about logical and intellectual reasoning, it's about training and doing, practical exercises. The ability to see the notes without actually playing has come through lots of playing by ear in practice, and when I don't actually play, it's some kind of a mental simulation of playing.
If I interpret your question about tonic (which you meant by "root"?) vs. relative steps to fit this process: I "see" all aspects that I've trained myself to produce.
* A tonic/key/reference point is always there and all notes are located somewhere relative to a tonic. Actually it's completely relative - I can re-calibrate the "seeing" at will to any key, because I've trained myself to play any song in any key. That's what I've had to do. For example, if I want, I can see any incoming song in F minor or Ab major, without changing the audible pitch I'm imagining or humming.
* Chordal harmony inside the key. What chords would I play to reproduce this progression.
* Melody notes. How would I play this melody.
* Bass inversions. What would I play with bass notes to reproduce what I'm hearing.
The "next note" / "previous note" thing is an aspect as well - even if my guess is wrong about the melody's relation to the chords and tonic, the melody notes move in steps up/down the scale. Sometimes it happens, particularly if I'm "looking" at a song on the guitar (instead of piano keyboard which is the stronger instrument for me), the melody I see (=guess) on the (imaginary) fretboard is a fifth or fourth off, particularly with some fast jazzy/bluesy lines, I might confuse notes that form extended chords, for example if the melody goes G-E over an Am9 chord, I might see it as C-A. Because the Am9 is kind of Am and Em played at the same time, I imagine the wrong minor third. But if I switch my imagined instrument to piano, I might see the notes differently.
I suppose people who are good at sight reading and composing by writing music, the music staff is like an instrument they play, so they can "see" things they hear on music staves. But that's not the case for me, I need to imagine playing piano or guitar. | If you have perfect pitch, congratulations! None of the following probably applies.
If you have good but not perfect pitch, you can probably get by...if the key and the number of voices, counterpoint, and harmony isn't that complicated. I did this in my first music theory class when we had to transcribe 2-3 moving lines, and it stunted my growth when we started getting lots of chromaticisms, secondary dominants, and hard key signatures.
For mere mortals like myself, the "correct" way according to my college professors is by training your relative pitch, or recognizing intervals between two notes. (It's been some time since I left college, so I may have forgotten some of the finer-grained details).
With good knowledge of what intervals sound like, you can do the following, given the lowest note of a chord:
* Figure out all intervals above the lowest note
* Figure out the lowest of the next chord in relation to the current note
This should theoretically allow you to transpose any piece of music, but it's really slow.
You can combine it with the following shortcuts to speed things up:
* Use knowledge of tonality (major, minor, types of seventh, etc.) to identify the quality of the chord.
* Use music theory to rule out unlikely chords in the chord progression/identify non-chord tones and chromaticisms if you are given the chord progression
* Use knowledge of inversions + the location of certain intervals to quickly find the root (e.g., if you hear a 2nd in the lowest 2 notes of a 7th chord, it's probably in 3rd inversion) |
103,638 | To all the people with good ears:
when you're figuring out a melody by ear, are you listening to the sequence of notes and figuring out where each note sits relative to the root of the key?
Or are you figuring out what the next note is by the interval from the last note? | 2020/08/06 | [
"https://music.stackexchange.com/questions/103638",
"https://music.stackexchange.com",
"https://music.stackexchange.com/users/71281/"
] | >
> when you're figuring out a melody by ear, are you listening to the
> sequence of notes and figuring out where each note sits relative to
> the root of the key? Or are you figuring out what the next note is by
> the interval from the last note?
>
>
>
All of those, and none of them.
The thing is, I don't "figure it out", and it's not a matter of reasoning or logical thinking. It *happens*, I see the incoming melody notes, chords and bass notes in my mind on a piano keyboard or guitar fretboard. If the melody line is too fast and unfamiliar, I don't see it, or if the harmony is completely strange i.e. something I've never played, I might only see rough guesses and movements. And even if I see the notes completely clearly, it might be *wrong*! I have to play it to verify my guesses.
The learning process is an action-reaction feedback loop and it goes like this:
* Hear a note or chord (or whatever aspect you're trying to reproduce)
* Guess something as an immediate reaction, not a logical "calculation". Even a wild random guess is ok.
* Test the guess by **playing it**.
* If it was wrong, make a correction.
* Repeat
Monkey see, monkey do. Monkey don't figure out.
The important thing to realize about the process is, the guesses might be right or wrong, and the accuracy of the guesses improves over time, through practice. But it's not about logical and intellectual reasoning, it's about training and doing, practical exercises. The ability to see the notes without actually playing has come through lots of playing by ear in practice, and when I don't actually play, it's some kind of a mental simulation of playing.
If I interpret your question about tonic (which you meant by "root"?) vs. relative steps to fit this process: I "see" all aspects that I've trained myself to produce.
* A tonic/key/reference point is always there and all notes are located somewhere relative to a tonic. Actually it's completely relative - I can re-calibrate the "seeing" at will to any key, because I've trained myself to play any song in any key. That's what I've had to do. For example, if I want, I can see any incoming song in F minor or Ab major, without changing the audible pitch I'm imagining or humming.
* Chordal harmony inside the key. What chords would I play to reproduce this progression.
* Melody notes. How would I play this melody.
* Bass inversions. What would I play with bass notes to reproduce what I'm hearing.
The "next note" / "previous note" thing is an aspect as well - even if my guess is wrong about the melody's relation to the chords and tonic, the melody notes move in steps up/down the scale. Sometimes it happens, particularly if I'm "looking" at a song on the guitar (instead of piano keyboard which is the stronger instrument for me), the melody I see (=guess) on the (imaginary) fretboard is a fifth or fourth off, particularly with some fast jazzy/bluesy lines, I might confuse notes that form extended chords, for example if the melody goes G-E over an Am9 chord, I might see it as C-A. Because the Am9 is kind of Am and Em played at the same time, I imagine the wrong minor third. But if I switch my imagined instrument to piano, I might see the notes differently.
I suppose people who are good at sight reading and composing by writing music, the music staff is like an instrument they play, so they can "see" things they hear on music staves. But that's not the case for me, I need to imagine playing piano or guitar. | As someone with absolute pitch, when I sit down and transcribe a piece or melody by ear, I determine each note individually by ear regardless of whether the piece is atonal or not or what the note intervals are.
Whoops.
For particularly hard-to-hear notes, though, I do fall back to intervals.
(As an aside, I often sing music by pitch-matching my singing to the (however flawed) recording in my head, which depends neither on keys nor intervals. Bizarrely, I am often aware of the key(s) (if any) of an excerpt I listen to for the first time before I am aware of what each individual note is.) |
237 | I want to ask this question:
>
> **Who was the author of Hebrews?**
>
>
> Who was the author of Hebrews, or who are the likely candidates?
>
>
>
But I get the message:
>
> Oops! Your question couldn't be submitted because:
>
>
> It does not meet our quality standards.
>
>
>
What am I doing wrong? What rule have I violated and how do I get the question to meet the standards? | 2012/01/11 | [
"https://hermeneutics.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/237",
"https://hermeneutics.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://hermeneutics.meta.stackexchange.com/users/150/"
] | Yes, any question like that would be off-topic here IMO - it might fit on C.SE? | In reference to Jacks [suggestion](https://hermeneutics.meta.stackexchange.com/a/231/36) that this might fit on C.SE, I could see this going a couple ways depending on what you had in mind.
* If you would like to know how different Christian traditions interpret that and perhaps what doctrines they build off of it, C.SE would be the place to ask.
* If you want somebody to make judgement calls on a "right" interpretation or whether the assorted doctrines are right or wrong, we steer clear of that on C.SE.
* If you want to know what other texts get pulled to cover the issue, I could see it going either way. If you wanted ones that were textually related, it might work on either site but I would tend to prefer BH.SE. If you want to know what issues are related doctrinal and how those other issues get built, C.SE would be the place.
I hope this gives you a few ideas. Do we have some chaos over at C.SE? Sure we do. But we're not in a state of anarchy yet. |
6,528 | I want to talk about a specific class of opinion based questions That I believe should be handled differently from the standard 'close it'.
We all know that we don't want to be in a position where there conflicting answers and people vote them up or down based on their preferences. SE isn't that kind of site and we don't want those questions. But sometimes a question shows up where the questioner doesn't realize that there is no clear answer. [This](https://christianity.stackexchange.com/questions/63431/who-is-the-best-prophet-in-christianity-and-is-he-the-best-human-being-in-the-e) was the question that triggered it, but I'm sure there are others.
The trouble with closing a question is that whatever we say about how it shouldn't be taken personally it feels to the questioner like a slap on the wrist. They had what they thought was a legitimate question. They didn't know there wasn't a definitive answer (That's why they are asking questions.) The question gets closed. Now they don't want to ask more questions in case they are closed as well. I don't believe this fits with our new policy of being actively nice to newcomers.
Also when people are looking for answers to the question, they will probably ignore a 'closed' question, and so won't find out that there is no conclusive answer.
I suggest that the way to handle questions like this is:
1. Leave them open
2. Someone provides an answer that says "There is no conclusive answer to this question."
3. Vote that answer up, and vote down any opinion-based answers.
I'm obviously not suggesting that we leave open any questions that specifically ask for opinions, or the questioner obviously knew were going to be opinion-based. | 2018/05/01 | [
"https://christianity.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/6528",
"https://christianity.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://christianity.meta.stackexchange.com/users/162/"
] | While your answer is good for what you've proposed here, note that there are five other answers doing the exact opposite, as well as people debating definitions in comments on the answers (of which I'm a little guilty.)
This is a lot of mess in order to prevent the OP from hypothetically feel like it's a slap on the wrist. Far better IMO is to close the questions quickly, and write a friendly comment welcoming them to the site and linking to some of the FAQs here on meta. For example, Lee is always excellent at this.
For this question in particular, so many edits are continuing to be made to the answers, keeping it in view on the front page, I'd lean towards suggesting the answers all be deleted. Which I wouldn't normally suggest for closed questions unless they're pastoral care ones. | As I read your question and the answers I remembered a quote from [Korvin Starmast](https://christianity.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/6358/does-this-site-have-a-novel-approach-to-christianity/6359#6359)
>
> Because this community is not interested (collectively) in the great, 1900-year-long shouting match of "I'm right, you splitter!" -- "No, I'm right, you heretic!" this is a unique internet space where I can engage warmly with my fellow believers from across the denominational spectrum.
>
>
>
The problem appears to be how to balance Jay's blog inviting greater involvement, courtesy, and welcome with the simple fact that, given the opportunity, a great many of us will jump at the chance to express our opinion *(which, \*ahem\*, is obviously the right one....)* The linked question clearly demonstrates our willingness to do that and our equal willingness to debate (and then argue) with the opinions so expressed.
To be honest, it took a fair number of knuckle-raps from a fair number of experienced participants about answering "truth questions" before I really understood what Korvin was trying to say. This is a great place for people to learn about denominational beliefs by asking specific questions about those denominations. The moment you take that denominational context out of the mix, the 1900-year-long shouting match kicks right back in. Sadly, yet realistically, [we really can't handle the truth](https://christianity.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/3527/we-cant-handle-the-truth), *because it's really hard to overcome thousands of years of being told to preach to the unbelievers.*
**Therefore, despite having had my own feelings hurt once or twice, I wholeheartedly endorse the beliefs that people...**
* *Should not* be answering "truth questions."
* *Should* be posting comments asking the OP to pick a denominational POV.
* *Must* close "truth questions" quickly until edited. (Because we can't trust our own people to not answer "truth questions.")
It's such a common problem for us that, were it possible, I'd recommend adding a field to the [Ask Question form](https://christianity.stackexchange.com/questions/ask) that requires an identified denomination, or that requires at least one denominational tag. I suspect this is unlikely, and so we will continue to have newcomers ask "truth questions" and new participants answer them and a few feelings will be hurt.
*P.S. — I know that there are some question types that do not require a denomination POV. However, considering how much pain we suffer from this problem, maybe we should consider leaving the "what does the Bible say about..." questions to
Biblical Hermeneutics.SE and clearly stay within the context of the [study of religion](https://christianity.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/6092/should-a-site-that-cannot-handle-the-truth-be-labelled-christianity/6095#6095).* |
6,528 | I want to talk about a specific class of opinion based questions That I believe should be handled differently from the standard 'close it'.
We all know that we don't want to be in a position where there conflicting answers and people vote them up or down based on their preferences. SE isn't that kind of site and we don't want those questions. But sometimes a question shows up where the questioner doesn't realize that there is no clear answer. [This](https://christianity.stackexchange.com/questions/63431/who-is-the-best-prophet-in-christianity-and-is-he-the-best-human-being-in-the-e) was the question that triggered it, but I'm sure there are others.
The trouble with closing a question is that whatever we say about how it shouldn't be taken personally it feels to the questioner like a slap on the wrist. They had what they thought was a legitimate question. They didn't know there wasn't a definitive answer (That's why they are asking questions.) The question gets closed. Now they don't want to ask more questions in case they are closed as well. I don't believe this fits with our new policy of being actively nice to newcomers.
Also when people are looking for answers to the question, they will probably ignore a 'closed' question, and so won't find out that there is no conclusive answer.
I suggest that the way to handle questions like this is:
1. Leave them open
2. Someone provides an answer that says "There is no conclusive answer to this question."
3. Vote that answer up, and vote down any opinion-based answers.
I'm obviously not suggesting that we leave open any questions that specifically ask for opinions, or the questioner obviously knew were going to be opinion-based. | 2018/05/01 | [
"https://christianity.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/6528",
"https://christianity.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://christianity.meta.stackexchange.com/users/162/"
] | It certainly is frustrating to me that so many questions by new users end up getting closed. We have one of the highest question closure rates on the entire Stack Exchange network, and you're right that closing questions can be interpreted as an insult or "slap on the wrist."
This is true regardless of why we close the question. New users are almost always asking in good faith, and genuinely don't understand why we don't accept pastoral advice questions, or truth questions, or opinion-based questions. Often, they are only vaguely aware that other types of "Christians" exist, and rarely realize just how much variation there is between traditions.
Thus if we take the approach that we should leave off-topic questions open in order to be "more friendly" to newcomers who don't know much about Christianity as a whole, there's nothing preventing us from extending this approach to all sorts of questions that don't work well for our format. Doing so would run counter to our identity, and would alienate users (both existing and new) who prefer something different from the many noisy Christianity discussion forums on the web.
Instead, I'd suggest we pursue other approaches to being friendly to new users. Things like:
* Making sure all newcomers get a welcome comment
* Making sure all newcomers who ask an off-topic question get pointed to a help page or meta post explaining why their question has been or is likely to be closed.
* Not engaging in discussion or arguments in comments of new users' posts
* Asking Stack Exchange to improve the new-user experience, to give new users more intuitive (and less easily ignored) guidance on how to ask a good, on-topic question.
These approaches have the benefit of both being friendly *and* teaching our new users what we expect. By educating them early, we prevent the confusion that would result if we let each user's first question slide, but started ramping up our enforcement of guidelines later.
So to conclude – it is frustrating that so many new user questions get closed, but the right approach is welcoming and educating such users, not relaxing our the application of our rules and guidelines. | As I read your question and the answers I remembered a quote from [Korvin Starmast](https://christianity.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/6358/does-this-site-have-a-novel-approach-to-christianity/6359#6359)
>
> Because this community is not interested (collectively) in the great, 1900-year-long shouting match of "I'm right, you splitter!" -- "No, I'm right, you heretic!" this is a unique internet space where I can engage warmly with my fellow believers from across the denominational spectrum.
>
>
>
The problem appears to be how to balance Jay's blog inviting greater involvement, courtesy, and welcome with the simple fact that, given the opportunity, a great many of us will jump at the chance to express our opinion *(which, \*ahem\*, is obviously the right one....)* The linked question clearly demonstrates our willingness to do that and our equal willingness to debate (and then argue) with the opinions so expressed.
To be honest, it took a fair number of knuckle-raps from a fair number of experienced participants about answering "truth questions" before I really understood what Korvin was trying to say. This is a great place for people to learn about denominational beliefs by asking specific questions about those denominations. The moment you take that denominational context out of the mix, the 1900-year-long shouting match kicks right back in. Sadly, yet realistically, [we really can't handle the truth](https://christianity.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/3527/we-cant-handle-the-truth), *because it's really hard to overcome thousands of years of being told to preach to the unbelievers.*
**Therefore, despite having had my own feelings hurt once or twice, I wholeheartedly endorse the beliefs that people...**
* *Should not* be answering "truth questions."
* *Should* be posting comments asking the OP to pick a denominational POV.
* *Must* close "truth questions" quickly until edited. (Because we can't trust our own people to not answer "truth questions.")
It's such a common problem for us that, were it possible, I'd recommend adding a field to the [Ask Question form](https://christianity.stackexchange.com/questions/ask) that requires an identified denomination, or that requires at least one denominational tag. I suspect this is unlikely, and so we will continue to have newcomers ask "truth questions" and new participants answer them and a few feelings will be hurt.
*P.S. — I know that there are some question types that do not require a denomination POV. However, considering how much pain we suffer from this problem, maybe we should consider leaving the "what does the Bible say about..." questions to
Biblical Hermeneutics.SE and clearly stay within the context of the [study of religion](https://christianity.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/6092/should-a-site-that-cannot-handle-the-truth-be-labelled-christianity/6095#6095).* |
297,328 | I have a VPS running Windows 2008 Web Edition 32bit.
Currently it is rebooting at random times every day, usually 2-3 times a day for no reason that I can see.
The hosting company assures me that the host server is fine and not causing the reboots on my node, but there's nothing whatsoever in the event viewer that would suggest there is any problem.
Before the server reboots, it generates a crash dump which I've run through the debugging tools - detailed below.
Any help or insight, very much appreciated.
---
BugCheck 101, {61, 0, 803cd120, 1}
Probably caused by : Unknown\_Image ( ANALYSIS\_INCONCLUSIVE )
Followup: MachineOwner
----------------------
0: kd> !analyze -v
---
* \*
* Bugcheck Analysis \*
* \*
---
CLOCK\_WATCHDOG\_TIMEOUT (101)
An expected clock interrupt was not received on a secondary processor in an
MP system within the allocated interval. This indicates that the specified
processor is hung and not processing interrupts.
Arguments:
Arg1: 00000061, Clock interrupt time out interval in nominal clock ticks.
Arg2: 00000000, 0.
Arg3: 803cd120, The PRCB address of the hung processor.
Arg4: 00000001, 0.
Debugging Details:
------------------
BUGCHECK\_STR: CLOCK\_WATCHDOG\_TIMEOUT\_2\_PROC
CUSTOMER\_CRASH\_COUNT: 3
DEFAULT\_BUCKET\_ID: DRIVER\_FAULT\_SERVER\_MINIDUMP
PROCESS\_NAME: System
CURRENT\_IRQL: 1c
STACK\_TEXT:
8d107a60 81cc88e5 00000101 00000061 00000000 nt!KeBugCheckEx+0x1e
8d107a94 81cca67d 8d107d1b 000000d1 8d107b24 nt!KeUpdateRunTime+0xd5
8d107a94 81c61bae 8d107d1b 000000d1 8d107b24 nt!KeUpdateSystemTime+0xed
8d107b24 81c7894b 8d107b84 00000000 c3e6e000 nt!KeFlushMultipleRangeTb+0x11a
8d107c08 81c543f8 c3e6f000 0001c000 8d107d10 nt!MmSetAddressRangeModified+0x32b
8d107c98 81c554cb 84ea0344 00000000 00000001 nt!CcFlushCache+0x395
8d107cec 81c52645 84e94008 8d107d10 00000000 nt!CcWriteBehind+0x115
8d107d44 81cc2e22 84a6b978 00000000 84e6f840 nt!CcWorkerThread+0x11e
8d107d7c 81df2f7a 84a6b978 a77a75f2 00000000 nt!ExpWorkerThread+0xfd
8d107dc0 81c5befe 81cc2d25 80000000 00000000 nt!PspSystemThreadStartup+0x9d
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 nt!KiThreadStartup+0x16
STACK\_COMMAND: kb
SYMBOL\_NAME: ANALYSIS\_INCONCLUSIVE
FOLLOWUP\_NAME: MachineOwner
MODULE\_NAME: Unknown\_Module
IMAGE\_NAME: Unknown\_Image
DEBUG\_FLR\_IMAGE\_TIMESTAMP: 0
FAILURE\_BUCKET\_ID: CLOCK\_WATCHDOG\_TIMEOUT\_2\_PROC\_ANALYSIS\_INCONCLUSIVE
BUCKET\_ID: CLOCK\_WATCHDOG\_TIMEOUT\_2\_PROC\_ANALYSIS\_INCONCLUSIVE
Followup: MachineOwner
---------------------- | 2011/08/03 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/297328",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/54764/"
] | The backup DNS servers (one or more) will be slaves to your primary DNS server. Changes to the primary DNS server will be picked up by the slaves. This may be done on a periodic basis, or in response from a notification from the primary server. This is one cause of delays in changes to DNS being recognized across the Internet. Your primary and backup nameservers will be listed as the nameservers for your domain.
Before DNS notify, slave nameservers would have a prior version of the DNS data for some period of time. (This is the one of purposes of the serial number.) Once all the nameservers have updated to the same version (same serial number) they should all have the same data. Editing a zone file without incrementing the serial number can cause inconsistent data.
There is no switching to the backup DNS server(s). DNS requests are distributed across all your nameservers relatively evenly. (This is done by querying servers using a round robin schedule.) If one or more name servers are down, requests will be retried on another nameserver after a timeout. As long as one of your nameservers is up your domain will resolve (slowly at times). You want to have all your nameservers always up.
In your case, you may find that it is simpler to use your ISP or domain registrar to host your domain. They will have one or more backup nameservers and will have resources dedicated to keeping them running.
---
If all you run is a web server a secondary DNS may not seem that important. However, when your server is down there are a number of reasons you may want a backup DNS server, including:
* to enable you to ping or traceroute to your host to verify it is down.
* to prevent users and crawlers from deciding your domain is no longer used.
If your domain gets or send email you need a backup DNS to establish your credibility and ensure future delivery of email. If a mail server looks up you domain and finds it doesn't exist, it will immediately bounce your email. However, if it DNS lookups succeed and the server is down, then the email will be queued for later delivery. Only if you are down for a few days will your email start bouncing. (Some poorly behaved automated delivery systems try only once and may fail to deliver messages even if your server is up.) | You are right -- you don't need a third-party secondary in your situation, and it'll offer few improvements to you, provided that all your other services (including the mail) are still hosted on a single box in a single network.
Yes, both the primary and secondary are run next to each other; both are supposed to have the same information (but coherence of information is not guaranteed in practice); to an outsider's view, there's no difference between the primary and the secondary server, both are viewed the same, generally, only one is used for a given resolution. If one is down, the other one is tried. It'll be a bad idea to have one of the servers in Tokyo, if all of your customers are in New York, because it'll increase the latency of the average resolution (e.g., a bad thing), as the servers are pretty much randomly chosen.
The DNS spec does appear to require that at least two NS records are provided for a domain, so, you might run into some resolvers failing to resolve a name if you somehow manage to set up only a single NS record for your domain.
A good overview on the misconceptions of a secondary third-party DNS service is provided by DJB, the author of djbdns:
<http://cr.yp.to/djbdns/third-party.html>
Let's have a summary quote from the page:
>
> The bottom line is that, for the vast majority of sites, third-party DNS service has serious costs and negligible benefits, just like third-party HTTP service and third-party SMTP service. The service companies' claims are wildly exaggerated, and should never be used as a substitute for common sense.
>
>
> |
297,328 | I have a VPS running Windows 2008 Web Edition 32bit.
Currently it is rebooting at random times every day, usually 2-3 times a day for no reason that I can see.
The hosting company assures me that the host server is fine and not causing the reboots on my node, but there's nothing whatsoever in the event viewer that would suggest there is any problem.
Before the server reboots, it generates a crash dump which I've run through the debugging tools - detailed below.
Any help or insight, very much appreciated.
---
BugCheck 101, {61, 0, 803cd120, 1}
Probably caused by : Unknown\_Image ( ANALYSIS\_INCONCLUSIVE )
Followup: MachineOwner
----------------------
0: kd> !analyze -v
---
* \*
* Bugcheck Analysis \*
* \*
---
CLOCK\_WATCHDOG\_TIMEOUT (101)
An expected clock interrupt was not received on a secondary processor in an
MP system within the allocated interval. This indicates that the specified
processor is hung and not processing interrupts.
Arguments:
Arg1: 00000061, Clock interrupt time out interval in nominal clock ticks.
Arg2: 00000000, 0.
Arg3: 803cd120, The PRCB address of the hung processor.
Arg4: 00000001, 0.
Debugging Details:
------------------
BUGCHECK\_STR: CLOCK\_WATCHDOG\_TIMEOUT\_2\_PROC
CUSTOMER\_CRASH\_COUNT: 3
DEFAULT\_BUCKET\_ID: DRIVER\_FAULT\_SERVER\_MINIDUMP
PROCESS\_NAME: System
CURRENT\_IRQL: 1c
STACK\_TEXT:
8d107a60 81cc88e5 00000101 00000061 00000000 nt!KeBugCheckEx+0x1e
8d107a94 81cca67d 8d107d1b 000000d1 8d107b24 nt!KeUpdateRunTime+0xd5
8d107a94 81c61bae 8d107d1b 000000d1 8d107b24 nt!KeUpdateSystemTime+0xed
8d107b24 81c7894b 8d107b84 00000000 c3e6e000 nt!KeFlushMultipleRangeTb+0x11a
8d107c08 81c543f8 c3e6f000 0001c000 8d107d10 nt!MmSetAddressRangeModified+0x32b
8d107c98 81c554cb 84ea0344 00000000 00000001 nt!CcFlushCache+0x395
8d107cec 81c52645 84e94008 8d107d10 00000000 nt!CcWriteBehind+0x115
8d107d44 81cc2e22 84a6b978 00000000 84e6f840 nt!CcWorkerThread+0x11e
8d107d7c 81df2f7a 84a6b978 a77a75f2 00000000 nt!ExpWorkerThread+0xfd
8d107dc0 81c5befe 81cc2d25 80000000 00000000 nt!PspSystemThreadStartup+0x9d
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 nt!KiThreadStartup+0x16
STACK\_COMMAND: kb
SYMBOL\_NAME: ANALYSIS\_INCONCLUSIVE
FOLLOWUP\_NAME: MachineOwner
MODULE\_NAME: Unknown\_Module
IMAGE\_NAME: Unknown\_Image
DEBUG\_FLR\_IMAGE\_TIMESTAMP: 0
FAILURE\_BUCKET\_ID: CLOCK\_WATCHDOG\_TIMEOUT\_2\_PROC\_ANALYSIS\_INCONCLUSIVE
BUCKET\_ID: CLOCK\_WATCHDOG\_TIMEOUT\_2\_PROC\_ANALYSIS\_INCONCLUSIVE
Followup: MachineOwner
---------------------- | 2011/08/03 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/297328",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/54764/"
] | You are right -- you don't need a third-party secondary in your situation, and it'll offer few improvements to you, provided that all your other services (including the mail) are still hosted on a single box in a single network.
Yes, both the primary and secondary are run next to each other; both are supposed to have the same information (but coherence of information is not guaranteed in practice); to an outsider's view, there's no difference between the primary and the secondary server, both are viewed the same, generally, only one is used for a given resolution. If one is down, the other one is tried. It'll be a bad idea to have one of the servers in Tokyo, if all of your customers are in New York, because it'll increase the latency of the average resolution (e.g., a bad thing), as the servers are pretty much randomly chosen.
The DNS spec does appear to require that at least two NS records are provided for a domain, so, you might run into some resolvers failing to resolve a name if you somehow manage to set up only a single NS record for your domain.
A good overview on the misconceptions of a secondary third-party DNS service is provided by DJB, the author of djbdns:
<http://cr.yp.to/djbdns/third-party.html>
Let's have a summary quote from the page:
>
> The bottom line is that, for the vast majority of sites, third-party DNS service has serious costs and negligible benefits, just like third-party HTTP service and third-party SMTP service. The service companies' claims are wildly exaggerated, and should never be used as a substitute for common sense.
>
>
> | in reality, in much of the world, the backup DNS server is never queried if the primary goes down. because its an extra step for the resolver. it doesnt want to do that work, and it wont.
so the backup us useless. if the primary goes down, the users dns query will return nothing (even if there is a completely fine DNS server available and listed in the name record and spare servers waiting). the user to get a server not found.
try it. |
297,328 | I have a VPS running Windows 2008 Web Edition 32bit.
Currently it is rebooting at random times every day, usually 2-3 times a day for no reason that I can see.
The hosting company assures me that the host server is fine and not causing the reboots on my node, but there's nothing whatsoever in the event viewer that would suggest there is any problem.
Before the server reboots, it generates a crash dump which I've run through the debugging tools - detailed below.
Any help or insight, very much appreciated.
---
BugCheck 101, {61, 0, 803cd120, 1}
Probably caused by : Unknown\_Image ( ANALYSIS\_INCONCLUSIVE )
Followup: MachineOwner
----------------------
0: kd> !analyze -v
---
* \*
* Bugcheck Analysis \*
* \*
---
CLOCK\_WATCHDOG\_TIMEOUT (101)
An expected clock interrupt was not received on a secondary processor in an
MP system within the allocated interval. This indicates that the specified
processor is hung and not processing interrupts.
Arguments:
Arg1: 00000061, Clock interrupt time out interval in nominal clock ticks.
Arg2: 00000000, 0.
Arg3: 803cd120, The PRCB address of the hung processor.
Arg4: 00000001, 0.
Debugging Details:
------------------
BUGCHECK\_STR: CLOCK\_WATCHDOG\_TIMEOUT\_2\_PROC
CUSTOMER\_CRASH\_COUNT: 3
DEFAULT\_BUCKET\_ID: DRIVER\_FAULT\_SERVER\_MINIDUMP
PROCESS\_NAME: System
CURRENT\_IRQL: 1c
STACK\_TEXT:
8d107a60 81cc88e5 00000101 00000061 00000000 nt!KeBugCheckEx+0x1e
8d107a94 81cca67d 8d107d1b 000000d1 8d107b24 nt!KeUpdateRunTime+0xd5
8d107a94 81c61bae 8d107d1b 000000d1 8d107b24 nt!KeUpdateSystemTime+0xed
8d107b24 81c7894b 8d107b84 00000000 c3e6e000 nt!KeFlushMultipleRangeTb+0x11a
8d107c08 81c543f8 c3e6f000 0001c000 8d107d10 nt!MmSetAddressRangeModified+0x32b
8d107c98 81c554cb 84ea0344 00000000 00000001 nt!CcFlushCache+0x395
8d107cec 81c52645 84e94008 8d107d10 00000000 nt!CcWriteBehind+0x115
8d107d44 81cc2e22 84a6b978 00000000 84e6f840 nt!CcWorkerThread+0x11e
8d107d7c 81df2f7a 84a6b978 a77a75f2 00000000 nt!ExpWorkerThread+0xfd
8d107dc0 81c5befe 81cc2d25 80000000 00000000 nt!PspSystemThreadStartup+0x9d
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 nt!KiThreadStartup+0x16
STACK\_COMMAND: kb
SYMBOL\_NAME: ANALYSIS\_INCONCLUSIVE
FOLLOWUP\_NAME: MachineOwner
MODULE\_NAME: Unknown\_Module
IMAGE\_NAME: Unknown\_Image
DEBUG\_FLR\_IMAGE\_TIMESTAMP: 0
FAILURE\_BUCKET\_ID: CLOCK\_WATCHDOG\_TIMEOUT\_2\_PROC\_ANALYSIS\_INCONCLUSIVE
BUCKET\_ID: CLOCK\_WATCHDOG\_TIMEOUT\_2\_PROC\_ANALYSIS\_INCONCLUSIVE
Followup: MachineOwner
---------------------- | 2011/08/03 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/297328",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/54764/"
] | It is a must of the RFC. See <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1035.txt>
To cite the important things from page 4:
>
> The DNS requires that all zones be redundantly supported by more than
> one name server. Designated secondary servers can acquire zones and
> check for updates from the primary server using the zone transfer
> protocol of the DNS.
>
>
> | in reality, in much of the world, the backup DNS server is never queried if the primary goes down. because its an extra step for the resolver. it doesnt want to do that work, and it wont.
so the backup us useless. if the primary goes down, the users dns query will return nothing (even if there is a completely fine DNS server available and listed in the name record and spare servers waiting). the user to get a server not found.
try it. |
297,328 | I have a VPS running Windows 2008 Web Edition 32bit.
Currently it is rebooting at random times every day, usually 2-3 times a day for no reason that I can see.
The hosting company assures me that the host server is fine and not causing the reboots on my node, but there's nothing whatsoever in the event viewer that would suggest there is any problem.
Before the server reboots, it generates a crash dump which I've run through the debugging tools - detailed below.
Any help or insight, very much appreciated.
---
BugCheck 101, {61, 0, 803cd120, 1}
Probably caused by : Unknown\_Image ( ANALYSIS\_INCONCLUSIVE )
Followup: MachineOwner
----------------------
0: kd> !analyze -v
---
* \*
* Bugcheck Analysis \*
* \*
---
CLOCK\_WATCHDOG\_TIMEOUT (101)
An expected clock interrupt was not received on a secondary processor in an
MP system within the allocated interval. This indicates that the specified
processor is hung and not processing interrupts.
Arguments:
Arg1: 00000061, Clock interrupt time out interval in nominal clock ticks.
Arg2: 00000000, 0.
Arg3: 803cd120, The PRCB address of the hung processor.
Arg4: 00000001, 0.
Debugging Details:
------------------
BUGCHECK\_STR: CLOCK\_WATCHDOG\_TIMEOUT\_2\_PROC
CUSTOMER\_CRASH\_COUNT: 3
DEFAULT\_BUCKET\_ID: DRIVER\_FAULT\_SERVER\_MINIDUMP
PROCESS\_NAME: System
CURRENT\_IRQL: 1c
STACK\_TEXT:
8d107a60 81cc88e5 00000101 00000061 00000000 nt!KeBugCheckEx+0x1e
8d107a94 81cca67d 8d107d1b 000000d1 8d107b24 nt!KeUpdateRunTime+0xd5
8d107a94 81c61bae 8d107d1b 000000d1 8d107b24 nt!KeUpdateSystemTime+0xed
8d107b24 81c7894b 8d107b84 00000000 c3e6e000 nt!KeFlushMultipleRangeTb+0x11a
8d107c08 81c543f8 c3e6f000 0001c000 8d107d10 nt!MmSetAddressRangeModified+0x32b
8d107c98 81c554cb 84ea0344 00000000 00000001 nt!CcFlushCache+0x395
8d107cec 81c52645 84e94008 8d107d10 00000000 nt!CcWriteBehind+0x115
8d107d44 81cc2e22 84a6b978 00000000 84e6f840 nt!CcWorkerThread+0x11e
8d107d7c 81df2f7a 84a6b978 a77a75f2 00000000 nt!ExpWorkerThread+0xfd
8d107dc0 81c5befe 81cc2d25 80000000 00000000 nt!PspSystemThreadStartup+0x9d
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 nt!KiThreadStartup+0x16
STACK\_COMMAND: kb
SYMBOL\_NAME: ANALYSIS\_INCONCLUSIVE
FOLLOWUP\_NAME: MachineOwner
MODULE\_NAME: Unknown\_Module
IMAGE\_NAME: Unknown\_Image
DEBUG\_FLR\_IMAGE\_TIMESTAMP: 0
FAILURE\_BUCKET\_ID: CLOCK\_WATCHDOG\_TIMEOUT\_2\_PROC\_ANALYSIS\_INCONCLUSIVE
BUCKET\_ID: CLOCK\_WATCHDOG\_TIMEOUT\_2\_PROC\_ANALYSIS\_INCONCLUSIVE
Followup: MachineOwner
---------------------- | 2011/08/03 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/297328",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/54764/"
] | The major point in having a secondary DNS server is as backup in the event the primary DNS server handling your domain goes down. In this case, your server would be still up, and so without having a backup, nobody could get to your server possibly costing you lots of lost customers (i.e. REAL MONEY).
A secondary DNS server is always up, and ready to serve. It can help balance the load on the network as there are now more than one authoritative place to get your information. Updates are generally performed automatically from the master DNS. Thus it is an exact clone of the master.
Generally a DNS server contains more information than just a single server, it might contain mail routing information, information for many many hosts, mail spam keys, etc. So resilancy and redundancy are of DEFINITE benefit to domain holders.
I hope this helps your understanding. | >
> Is the point of having secondary DNS
>
>
>
Only extremely small organizations can do everything on a single server. I have many servers, I want my email to be able to continue operating even though the web server is down. I have services hosted on external networks that I want to stay up even if my Internet link was down.
>
> Is a backup DNS system basically up all the time?
>
>
>
Usually.
>
> How is it configured?
>
>
>
It depends on the DNS server software, but usually on the 'backup server', you set up it up as a secondary. Then you tell in the IP of the master server, and the zones you want replicate. |
297,328 | I have a VPS running Windows 2008 Web Edition 32bit.
Currently it is rebooting at random times every day, usually 2-3 times a day for no reason that I can see.
The hosting company assures me that the host server is fine and not causing the reboots on my node, but there's nothing whatsoever in the event viewer that would suggest there is any problem.
Before the server reboots, it generates a crash dump which I've run through the debugging tools - detailed below.
Any help or insight, very much appreciated.
---
BugCheck 101, {61, 0, 803cd120, 1}
Probably caused by : Unknown\_Image ( ANALYSIS\_INCONCLUSIVE )
Followup: MachineOwner
----------------------
0: kd> !analyze -v
---
* \*
* Bugcheck Analysis \*
* \*
---
CLOCK\_WATCHDOG\_TIMEOUT (101)
An expected clock interrupt was not received on a secondary processor in an
MP system within the allocated interval. This indicates that the specified
processor is hung and not processing interrupts.
Arguments:
Arg1: 00000061, Clock interrupt time out interval in nominal clock ticks.
Arg2: 00000000, 0.
Arg3: 803cd120, The PRCB address of the hung processor.
Arg4: 00000001, 0.
Debugging Details:
------------------
BUGCHECK\_STR: CLOCK\_WATCHDOG\_TIMEOUT\_2\_PROC
CUSTOMER\_CRASH\_COUNT: 3
DEFAULT\_BUCKET\_ID: DRIVER\_FAULT\_SERVER\_MINIDUMP
PROCESS\_NAME: System
CURRENT\_IRQL: 1c
STACK\_TEXT:
8d107a60 81cc88e5 00000101 00000061 00000000 nt!KeBugCheckEx+0x1e
8d107a94 81cca67d 8d107d1b 000000d1 8d107b24 nt!KeUpdateRunTime+0xd5
8d107a94 81c61bae 8d107d1b 000000d1 8d107b24 nt!KeUpdateSystemTime+0xed
8d107b24 81c7894b 8d107b84 00000000 c3e6e000 nt!KeFlushMultipleRangeTb+0x11a
8d107c08 81c543f8 c3e6f000 0001c000 8d107d10 nt!MmSetAddressRangeModified+0x32b
8d107c98 81c554cb 84ea0344 00000000 00000001 nt!CcFlushCache+0x395
8d107cec 81c52645 84e94008 8d107d10 00000000 nt!CcWriteBehind+0x115
8d107d44 81cc2e22 84a6b978 00000000 84e6f840 nt!CcWorkerThread+0x11e
8d107d7c 81df2f7a 84a6b978 a77a75f2 00000000 nt!ExpWorkerThread+0xfd
8d107dc0 81c5befe 81cc2d25 80000000 00000000 nt!PspSystemThreadStartup+0x9d
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 nt!KiThreadStartup+0x16
STACK\_COMMAND: kb
SYMBOL\_NAME: ANALYSIS\_INCONCLUSIVE
FOLLOWUP\_NAME: MachineOwner
MODULE\_NAME: Unknown\_Module
IMAGE\_NAME: Unknown\_Image
DEBUG\_FLR\_IMAGE\_TIMESTAMP: 0
FAILURE\_BUCKET\_ID: CLOCK\_WATCHDOG\_TIMEOUT\_2\_PROC\_ANALYSIS\_INCONCLUSIVE
BUCKET\_ID: CLOCK\_WATCHDOG\_TIMEOUT\_2\_PROC\_ANALYSIS\_INCONCLUSIVE
Followup: MachineOwner
---------------------- | 2011/08/03 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/297328",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/54764/"
] | It is a must of the RFC. See <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1035.txt>
To cite the important things from page 4:
>
> The DNS requires that all zones be redundantly supported by more than
> one name server. Designated secondary servers can acquire zones and
> check for updates from the primary server using the zone transfer
> protocol of the DNS.
>
>
> | You don't need to switch to the backup it's automagic. If a DNS request for a name within your domain gets as far as querying (remember DNS is heavily cahed) you servers then if your primary NS server doesn't respond, the secondary NS server will be queried.
If you host your DNS away from the server hosting the services you provide then having 2 is sensible. If one goes down then the other will pickup and your domain is still available. |
297,328 | I have a VPS running Windows 2008 Web Edition 32bit.
Currently it is rebooting at random times every day, usually 2-3 times a day for no reason that I can see.
The hosting company assures me that the host server is fine and not causing the reboots on my node, but there's nothing whatsoever in the event viewer that would suggest there is any problem.
Before the server reboots, it generates a crash dump which I've run through the debugging tools - detailed below.
Any help or insight, very much appreciated.
---
BugCheck 101, {61, 0, 803cd120, 1}
Probably caused by : Unknown\_Image ( ANALYSIS\_INCONCLUSIVE )
Followup: MachineOwner
----------------------
0: kd> !analyze -v
---
* \*
* Bugcheck Analysis \*
* \*
---
CLOCK\_WATCHDOG\_TIMEOUT (101)
An expected clock interrupt was not received on a secondary processor in an
MP system within the allocated interval. This indicates that the specified
processor is hung and not processing interrupts.
Arguments:
Arg1: 00000061, Clock interrupt time out interval in nominal clock ticks.
Arg2: 00000000, 0.
Arg3: 803cd120, The PRCB address of the hung processor.
Arg4: 00000001, 0.
Debugging Details:
------------------
BUGCHECK\_STR: CLOCK\_WATCHDOG\_TIMEOUT\_2\_PROC
CUSTOMER\_CRASH\_COUNT: 3
DEFAULT\_BUCKET\_ID: DRIVER\_FAULT\_SERVER\_MINIDUMP
PROCESS\_NAME: System
CURRENT\_IRQL: 1c
STACK\_TEXT:
8d107a60 81cc88e5 00000101 00000061 00000000 nt!KeBugCheckEx+0x1e
8d107a94 81cca67d 8d107d1b 000000d1 8d107b24 nt!KeUpdateRunTime+0xd5
8d107a94 81c61bae 8d107d1b 000000d1 8d107b24 nt!KeUpdateSystemTime+0xed
8d107b24 81c7894b 8d107b84 00000000 c3e6e000 nt!KeFlushMultipleRangeTb+0x11a
8d107c08 81c543f8 c3e6f000 0001c000 8d107d10 nt!MmSetAddressRangeModified+0x32b
8d107c98 81c554cb 84ea0344 00000000 00000001 nt!CcFlushCache+0x395
8d107cec 81c52645 84e94008 8d107d10 00000000 nt!CcWriteBehind+0x115
8d107d44 81cc2e22 84a6b978 00000000 84e6f840 nt!CcWorkerThread+0x11e
8d107d7c 81df2f7a 84a6b978 a77a75f2 00000000 nt!ExpWorkerThread+0xfd
8d107dc0 81c5befe 81cc2d25 80000000 00000000 nt!PspSystemThreadStartup+0x9d
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 nt!KiThreadStartup+0x16
STACK\_COMMAND: kb
SYMBOL\_NAME: ANALYSIS\_INCONCLUSIVE
FOLLOWUP\_NAME: MachineOwner
MODULE\_NAME: Unknown\_Module
IMAGE\_NAME: Unknown\_Image
DEBUG\_FLR\_IMAGE\_TIMESTAMP: 0
FAILURE\_BUCKET\_ID: CLOCK\_WATCHDOG\_TIMEOUT\_2\_PROC\_ANALYSIS\_INCONCLUSIVE
BUCKET\_ID: CLOCK\_WATCHDOG\_TIMEOUT\_2\_PROC\_ANALYSIS\_INCONCLUSIVE
Followup: MachineOwner
---------------------- | 2011/08/03 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/297328",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/54764/"
] | The backup DNS servers (one or more) will be slaves to your primary DNS server. Changes to the primary DNS server will be picked up by the slaves. This may be done on a periodic basis, or in response from a notification from the primary server. This is one cause of delays in changes to DNS being recognized across the Internet. Your primary and backup nameservers will be listed as the nameservers for your domain.
Before DNS notify, slave nameservers would have a prior version of the DNS data for some period of time. (This is the one of purposes of the serial number.) Once all the nameservers have updated to the same version (same serial number) they should all have the same data. Editing a zone file without incrementing the serial number can cause inconsistent data.
There is no switching to the backup DNS server(s). DNS requests are distributed across all your nameservers relatively evenly. (This is done by querying servers using a round robin schedule.) If one or more name servers are down, requests will be retried on another nameserver after a timeout. As long as one of your nameservers is up your domain will resolve (slowly at times). You want to have all your nameservers always up.
In your case, you may find that it is simpler to use your ISP or domain registrar to host your domain. They will have one or more backup nameservers and will have resources dedicated to keeping them running.
---
If all you run is a web server a secondary DNS may not seem that important. However, when your server is down there are a number of reasons you may want a backup DNS server, including:
* to enable you to ping or traceroute to your host to verify it is down.
* to prevent users and crawlers from deciding your domain is no longer used.
If your domain gets or send email you need a backup DNS to establish your credibility and ensure future delivery of email. If a mail server looks up you domain and finds it doesn't exist, it will immediately bounce your email. However, if it DNS lookups succeed and the server is down, then the email will be queued for later delivery. Only if you are down for a few days will your email start bouncing. (Some poorly behaved automated delivery systems try only once and may fail to deliver messages even if your server is up.) | You don't need to switch to the backup it's automagic. If a DNS request for a name within your domain gets as far as querying (remember DNS is heavily cahed) you servers then if your primary NS server doesn't respond, the secondary NS server will be queried.
If you host your DNS away from the server hosting the services you provide then having 2 is sensible. If one goes down then the other will pickup and your domain is still available. |
297,328 | I have a VPS running Windows 2008 Web Edition 32bit.
Currently it is rebooting at random times every day, usually 2-3 times a day for no reason that I can see.
The hosting company assures me that the host server is fine and not causing the reboots on my node, but there's nothing whatsoever in the event viewer that would suggest there is any problem.
Before the server reboots, it generates a crash dump which I've run through the debugging tools - detailed below.
Any help or insight, very much appreciated.
---
BugCheck 101, {61, 0, 803cd120, 1}
Probably caused by : Unknown\_Image ( ANALYSIS\_INCONCLUSIVE )
Followup: MachineOwner
----------------------
0: kd> !analyze -v
---
* \*
* Bugcheck Analysis \*
* \*
---
CLOCK\_WATCHDOG\_TIMEOUT (101)
An expected clock interrupt was not received on a secondary processor in an
MP system within the allocated interval. This indicates that the specified
processor is hung and not processing interrupts.
Arguments:
Arg1: 00000061, Clock interrupt time out interval in nominal clock ticks.
Arg2: 00000000, 0.
Arg3: 803cd120, The PRCB address of the hung processor.
Arg4: 00000001, 0.
Debugging Details:
------------------
BUGCHECK\_STR: CLOCK\_WATCHDOG\_TIMEOUT\_2\_PROC
CUSTOMER\_CRASH\_COUNT: 3
DEFAULT\_BUCKET\_ID: DRIVER\_FAULT\_SERVER\_MINIDUMP
PROCESS\_NAME: System
CURRENT\_IRQL: 1c
STACK\_TEXT:
8d107a60 81cc88e5 00000101 00000061 00000000 nt!KeBugCheckEx+0x1e
8d107a94 81cca67d 8d107d1b 000000d1 8d107b24 nt!KeUpdateRunTime+0xd5
8d107a94 81c61bae 8d107d1b 000000d1 8d107b24 nt!KeUpdateSystemTime+0xed
8d107b24 81c7894b 8d107b84 00000000 c3e6e000 nt!KeFlushMultipleRangeTb+0x11a
8d107c08 81c543f8 c3e6f000 0001c000 8d107d10 nt!MmSetAddressRangeModified+0x32b
8d107c98 81c554cb 84ea0344 00000000 00000001 nt!CcFlushCache+0x395
8d107cec 81c52645 84e94008 8d107d10 00000000 nt!CcWriteBehind+0x115
8d107d44 81cc2e22 84a6b978 00000000 84e6f840 nt!CcWorkerThread+0x11e
8d107d7c 81df2f7a 84a6b978 a77a75f2 00000000 nt!ExpWorkerThread+0xfd
8d107dc0 81c5befe 81cc2d25 80000000 00000000 nt!PspSystemThreadStartup+0x9d
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 nt!KiThreadStartup+0x16
STACK\_COMMAND: kb
SYMBOL\_NAME: ANALYSIS\_INCONCLUSIVE
FOLLOWUP\_NAME: MachineOwner
MODULE\_NAME: Unknown\_Module
IMAGE\_NAME: Unknown\_Image
DEBUG\_FLR\_IMAGE\_TIMESTAMP: 0
FAILURE\_BUCKET\_ID: CLOCK\_WATCHDOG\_TIMEOUT\_2\_PROC\_ANALYSIS\_INCONCLUSIVE
BUCKET\_ID: CLOCK\_WATCHDOG\_TIMEOUT\_2\_PROC\_ANALYSIS\_INCONCLUSIVE
Followup: MachineOwner
---------------------- | 2011/08/03 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/297328",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/54764/"
] | The major point in having a secondary DNS server is as backup in the event the primary DNS server handling your domain goes down. In this case, your server would be still up, and so without having a backup, nobody could get to your server possibly costing you lots of lost customers (i.e. REAL MONEY).
A secondary DNS server is always up, and ready to serve. It can help balance the load on the network as there are now more than one authoritative place to get your information. Updates are generally performed automatically from the master DNS. Thus it is an exact clone of the master.
Generally a DNS server contains more information than just a single server, it might contain mail routing information, information for many many hosts, mail spam keys, etc. So resilancy and redundancy are of DEFINITE benefit to domain holders.
I hope this helps your understanding. | It is a must of the RFC. See <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1035.txt>
To cite the important things from page 4:
>
> The DNS requires that all zones be redundantly supported by more than
> one name server. Designated secondary servers can acquire zones and
> check for updates from the primary server using the zone transfer
> protocol of the DNS.
>
>
> |
297,328 | I have a VPS running Windows 2008 Web Edition 32bit.
Currently it is rebooting at random times every day, usually 2-3 times a day for no reason that I can see.
The hosting company assures me that the host server is fine and not causing the reboots on my node, but there's nothing whatsoever in the event viewer that would suggest there is any problem.
Before the server reboots, it generates a crash dump which I've run through the debugging tools - detailed below.
Any help or insight, very much appreciated.
---
BugCheck 101, {61, 0, 803cd120, 1}
Probably caused by : Unknown\_Image ( ANALYSIS\_INCONCLUSIVE )
Followup: MachineOwner
----------------------
0: kd> !analyze -v
---
* \*
* Bugcheck Analysis \*
* \*
---
CLOCK\_WATCHDOG\_TIMEOUT (101)
An expected clock interrupt was not received on a secondary processor in an
MP system within the allocated interval. This indicates that the specified
processor is hung and not processing interrupts.
Arguments:
Arg1: 00000061, Clock interrupt time out interval in nominal clock ticks.
Arg2: 00000000, 0.
Arg3: 803cd120, The PRCB address of the hung processor.
Arg4: 00000001, 0.
Debugging Details:
------------------
BUGCHECK\_STR: CLOCK\_WATCHDOG\_TIMEOUT\_2\_PROC
CUSTOMER\_CRASH\_COUNT: 3
DEFAULT\_BUCKET\_ID: DRIVER\_FAULT\_SERVER\_MINIDUMP
PROCESS\_NAME: System
CURRENT\_IRQL: 1c
STACK\_TEXT:
8d107a60 81cc88e5 00000101 00000061 00000000 nt!KeBugCheckEx+0x1e
8d107a94 81cca67d 8d107d1b 000000d1 8d107b24 nt!KeUpdateRunTime+0xd5
8d107a94 81c61bae 8d107d1b 000000d1 8d107b24 nt!KeUpdateSystemTime+0xed
8d107b24 81c7894b 8d107b84 00000000 c3e6e000 nt!KeFlushMultipleRangeTb+0x11a
8d107c08 81c543f8 c3e6f000 0001c000 8d107d10 nt!MmSetAddressRangeModified+0x32b
8d107c98 81c554cb 84ea0344 00000000 00000001 nt!CcFlushCache+0x395
8d107cec 81c52645 84e94008 8d107d10 00000000 nt!CcWriteBehind+0x115
8d107d44 81cc2e22 84a6b978 00000000 84e6f840 nt!CcWorkerThread+0x11e
8d107d7c 81df2f7a 84a6b978 a77a75f2 00000000 nt!ExpWorkerThread+0xfd
8d107dc0 81c5befe 81cc2d25 80000000 00000000 nt!PspSystemThreadStartup+0x9d
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 nt!KiThreadStartup+0x16
STACK\_COMMAND: kb
SYMBOL\_NAME: ANALYSIS\_INCONCLUSIVE
FOLLOWUP\_NAME: MachineOwner
MODULE\_NAME: Unknown\_Module
IMAGE\_NAME: Unknown\_Image
DEBUG\_FLR\_IMAGE\_TIMESTAMP: 0
FAILURE\_BUCKET\_ID: CLOCK\_WATCHDOG\_TIMEOUT\_2\_PROC\_ANALYSIS\_INCONCLUSIVE
BUCKET\_ID: CLOCK\_WATCHDOG\_TIMEOUT\_2\_PROC\_ANALYSIS\_INCONCLUSIVE
Followup: MachineOwner
---------------------- | 2011/08/03 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/297328",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/54764/"
] | The major point in having a secondary DNS server is as backup in the event the primary DNS server handling your domain goes down. In this case, your server would be still up, and so without having a backup, nobody could get to your server possibly costing you lots of lost customers (i.e. REAL MONEY).
A secondary DNS server is always up, and ready to serve. It can help balance the load on the network as there are now more than one authoritative place to get your information. Updates are generally performed automatically from the master DNS. Thus it is an exact clone of the master.
Generally a DNS server contains more information than just a single server, it might contain mail routing information, information for many many hosts, mail spam keys, etc. So resilancy and redundancy are of DEFINITE benefit to domain holders.
I hope this helps your understanding. | The backup DNS servers (one or more) will be slaves to your primary DNS server. Changes to the primary DNS server will be picked up by the slaves. This may be done on a periodic basis, or in response from a notification from the primary server. This is one cause of delays in changes to DNS being recognized across the Internet. Your primary and backup nameservers will be listed as the nameservers for your domain.
Before DNS notify, slave nameservers would have a prior version of the DNS data for some period of time. (This is the one of purposes of the serial number.) Once all the nameservers have updated to the same version (same serial number) they should all have the same data. Editing a zone file without incrementing the serial number can cause inconsistent data.
There is no switching to the backup DNS server(s). DNS requests are distributed across all your nameservers relatively evenly. (This is done by querying servers using a round robin schedule.) If one or more name servers are down, requests will be retried on another nameserver after a timeout. As long as one of your nameservers is up your domain will resolve (slowly at times). You want to have all your nameservers always up.
In your case, you may find that it is simpler to use your ISP or domain registrar to host your domain. They will have one or more backup nameservers and will have resources dedicated to keeping them running.
---
If all you run is a web server a secondary DNS may not seem that important. However, when your server is down there are a number of reasons you may want a backup DNS server, including:
* to enable you to ping or traceroute to your host to verify it is down.
* to prevent users and crawlers from deciding your domain is no longer used.
If your domain gets or send email you need a backup DNS to establish your credibility and ensure future delivery of email. If a mail server looks up you domain and finds it doesn't exist, it will immediately bounce your email. However, if it DNS lookups succeed and the server is down, then the email will be queued for later delivery. Only if you are down for a few days will your email start bouncing. (Some poorly behaved automated delivery systems try only once and may fail to deliver messages even if your server is up.) |
297,328 | I have a VPS running Windows 2008 Web Edition 32bit.
Currently it is rebooting at random times every day, usually 2-3 times a day for no reason that I can see.
The hosting company assures me that the host server is fine and not causing the reboots on my node, but there's nothing whatsoever in the event viewer that would suggest there is any problem.
Before the server reboots, it generates a crash dump which I've run through the debugging tools - detailed below.
Any help or insight, very much appreciated.
---
BugCheck 101, {61, 0, 803cd120, 1}
Probably caused by : Unknown\_Image ( ANALYSIS\_INCONCLUSIVE )
Followup: MachineOwner
----------------------
0: kd> !analyze -v
---
* \*
* Bugcheck Analysis \*
* \*
---
CLOCK\_WATCHDOG\_TIMEOUT (101)
An expected clock interrupt was not received on a secondary processor in an
MP system within the allocated interval. This indicates that the specified
processor is hung and not processing interrupts.
Arguments:
Arg1: 00000061, Clock interrupt time out interval in nominal clock ticks.
Arg2: 00000000, 0.
Arg3: 803cd120, The PRCB address of the hung processor.
Arg4: 00000001, 0.
Debugging Details:
------------------
BUGCHECK\_STR: CLOCK\_WATCHDOG\_TIMEOUT\_2\_PROC
CUSTOMER\_CRASH\_COUNT: 3
DEFAULT\_BUCKET\_ID: DRIVER\_FAULT\_SERVER\_MINIDUMP
PROCESS\_NAME: System
CURRENT\_IRQL: 1c
STACK\_TEXT:
8d107a60 81cc88e5 00000101 00000061 00000000 nt!KeBugCheckEx+0x1e
8d107a94 81cca67d 8d107d1b 000000d1 8d107b24 nt!KeUpdateRunTime+0xd5
8d107a94 81c61bae 8d107d1b 000000d1 8d107b24 nt!KeUpdateSystemTime+0xed
8d107b24 81c7894b 8d107b84 00000000 c3e6e000 nt!KeFlushMultipleRangeTb+0x11a
8d107c08 81c543f8 c3e6f000 0001c000 8d107d10 nt!MmSetAddressRangeModified+0x32b
8d107c98 81c554cb 84ea0344 00000000 00000001 nt!CcFlushCache+0x395
8d107cec 81c52645 84e94008 8d107d10 00000000 nt!CcWriteBehind+0x115
8d107d44 81cc2e22 84a6b978 00000000 84e6f840 nt!CcWorkerThread+0x11e
8d107d7c 81df2f7a 84a6b978 a77a75f2 00000000 nt!ExpWorkerThread+0xfd
8d107dc0 81c5befe 81cc2d25 80000000 00000000 nt!PspSystemThreadStartup+0x9d
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 nt!KiThreadStartup+0x16
STACK\_COMMAND: kb
SYMBOL\_NAME: ANALYSIS\_INCONCLUSIVE
FOLLOWUP\_NAME: MachineOwner
MODULE\_NAME: Unknown\_Module
IMAGE\_NAME: Unknown\_Image
DEBUG\_FLR\_IMAGE\_TIMESTAMP: 0
FAILURE\_BUCKET\_ID: CLOCK\_WATCHDOG\_TIMEOUT\_2\_PROC\_ANALYSIS\_INCONCLUSIVE
BUCKET\_ID: CLOCK\_WATCHDOG\_TIMEOUT\_2\_PROC\_ANALYSIS\_INCONCLUSIVE
Followup: MachineOwner
---------------------- | 2011/08/03 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/297328",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/54764/"
] | >
> Is the point of having secondary DNS
>
>
>
Only extremely small organizations can do everything on a single server. I have many servers, I want my email to be able to continue operating even though the web server is down. I have services hosted on external networks that I want to stay up even if my Internet link was down.
>
> Is a backup DNS system basically up all the time?
>
>
>
Usually.
>
> How is it configured?
>
>
>
It depends on the DNS server software, but usually on the 'backup server', you set up it up as a secondary. Then you tell in the IP of the master server, and the zones you want replicate. | The backup DNS servers (one or more) will be slaves to your primary DNS server. Changes to the primary DNS server will be picked up by the slaves. This may be done on a periodic basis, or in response from a notification from the primary server. This is one cause of delays in changes to DNS being recognized across the Internet. Your primary and backup nameservers will be listed as the nameservers for your domain.
Before DNS notify, slave nameservers would have a prior version of the DNS data for some period of time. (This is the one of purposes of the serial number.) Once all the nameservers have updated to the same version (same serial number) they should all have the same data. Editing a zone file without incrementing the serial number can cause inconsistent data.
There is no switching to the backup DNS server(s). DNS requests are distributed across all your nameservers relatively evenly. (This is done by querying servers using a round robin schedule.) If one or more name servers are down, requests will be retried on another nameserver after a timeout. As long as one of your nameservers is up your domain will resolve (slowly at times). You want to have all your nameservers always up.
In your case, you may find that it is simpler to use your ISP or domain registrar to host your domain. They will have one or more backup nameservers and will have resources dedicated to keeping them running.
---
If all you run is a web server a secondary DNS may not seem that important. However, when your server is down there are a number of reasons you may want a backup DNS server, including:
* to enable you to ping or traceroute to your host to verify it is down.
* to prevent users and crawlers from deciding your domain is no longer used.
If your domain gets or send email you need a backup DNS to establish your credibility and ensure future delivery of email. If a mail server looks up you domain and finds it doesn't exist, it will immediately bounce your email. However, if it DNS lookups succeed and the server is down, then the email will be queued for later delivery. Only if you are down for a few days will your email start bouncing. (Some poorly behaved automated delivery systems try only once and may fail to deliver messages even if your server is up.) |
297,328 | I have a VPS running Windows 2008 Web Edition 32bit.
Currently it is rebooting at random times every day, usually 2-3 times a day for no reason that I can see.
The hosting company assures me that the host server is fine and not causing the reboots on my node, but there's nothing whatsoever in the event viewer that would suggest there is any problem.
Before the server reboots, it generates a crash dump which I've run through the debugging tools - detailed below.
Any help or insight, very much appreciated.
---
BugCheck 101, {61, 0, 803cd120, 1}
Probably caused by : Unknown\_Image ( ANALYSIS\_INCONCLUSIVE )
Followup: MachineOwner
----------------------
0: kd> !analyze -v
---
* \*
* Bugcheck Analysis \*
* \*
---
CLOCK\_WATCHDOG\_TIMEOUT (101)
An expected clock interrupt was not received on a secondary processor in an
MP system within the allocated interval. This indicates that the specified
processor is hung and not processing interrupts.
Arguments:
Arg1: 00000061, Clock interrupt time out interval in nominal clock ticks.
Arg2: 00000000, 0.
Arg3: 803cd120, The PRCB address of the hung processor.
Arg4: 00000001, 0.
Debugging Details:
------------------
BUGCHECK\_STR: CLOCK\_WATCHDOG\_TIMEOUT\_2\_PROC
CUSTOMER\_CRASH\_COUNT: 3
DEFAULT\_BUCKET\_ID: DRIVER\_FAULT\_SERVER\_MINIDUMP
PROCESS\_NAME: System
CURRENT\_IRQL: 1c
STACK\_TEXT:
8d107a60 81cc88e5 00000101 00000061 00000000 nt!KeBugCheckEx+0x1e
8d107a94 81cca67d 8d107d1b 000000d1 8d107b24 nt!KeUpdateRunTime+0xd5
8d107a94 81c61bae 8d107d1b 000000d1 8d107b24 nt!KeUpdateSystemTime+0xed
8d107b24 81c7894b 8d107b84 00000000 c3e6e000 nt!KeFlushMultipleRangeTb+0x11a
8d107c08 81c543f8 c3e6f000 0001c000 8d107d10 nt!MmSetAddressRangeModified+0x32b
8d107c98 81c554cb 84ea0344 00000000 00000001 nt!CcFlushCache+0x395
8d107cec 81c52645 84e94008 8d107d10 00000000 nt!CcWriteBehind+0x115
8d107d44 81cc2e22 84a6b978 00000000 84e6f840 nt!CcWorkerThread+0x11e
8d107d7c 81df2f7a 84a6b978 a77a75f2 00000000 nt!ExpWorkerThread+0xfd
8d107dc0 81c5befe 81cc2d25 80000000 00000000 nt!PspSystemThreadStartup+0x9d
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 nt!KiThreadStartup+0x16
STACK\_COMMAND: kb
SYMBOL\_NAME: ANALYSIS\_INCONCLUSIVE
FOLLOWUP\_NAME: MachineOwner
MODULE\_NAME: Unknown\_Module
IMAGE\_NAME: Unknown\_Image
DEBUG\_FLR\_IMAGE\_TIMESTAMP: 0
FAILURE\_BUCKET\_ID: CLOCK\_WATCHDOG\_TIMEOUT\_2\_PROC\_ANALYSIS\_INCONCLUSIVE
BUCKET\_ID: CLOCK\_WATCHDOG\_TIMEOUT\_2\_PROC\_ANALYSIS\_INCONCLUSIVE
Followup: MachineOwner
---------------------- | 2011/08/03 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/297328",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/54764/"
] | You don't need to switch to the backup it's automagic. If a DNS request for a name within your domain gets as far as querying (remember DNS is heavily cahed) you servers then if your primary NS server doesn't respond, the secondary NS server will be queried.
If you host your DNS away from the server hosting the services you provide then having 2 is sensible. If one goes down then the other will pickup and your domain is still available. | in reality, in much of the world, the backup DNS server is never queried if the primary goes down. because its an extra step for the resolver. it doesnt want to do that work, and it wont.
so the backup us useless. if the primary goes down, the users dns query will return nothing (even if there is a completely fine DNS server available and listed in the name record and spare servers waiting). the user to get a server not found.
try it. |
509 | In [Triangle](http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1187064/), at the start when Jess arrives at the boat for the "first" time, is this the start of the continuation of the ending scene?
It's known that the cruise ship and any surroundings after leaving it is in a time loop.
Though Jess remembers the ship and tells Greg, she makes no indication that she is in the time loop. So yes, the movie was meant to confuse the user. But seeing that, according to the number of dead Sallys on board, the time loop occurs more than 20 times.
So, the first time she entered the loop, the storm sent her into an alternate reality with the never-ending time loop? Is this what the movie was showing? I noticed there is a deadly Jess that was not really in the foreground that got shot in the head, and stabs Sally and Downey in one of the rooms. I cannot really place where she falls into the picture seeing that one of the previous Jess instances killed that Jess instead of letting her jump overboard.
So is there a separate timeline/reality? | 2011/12/15 | [
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/questions/509",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/users/68/"
] | Not the way I remember it. The way I see it Jess is in a kind of purgatory, as the end of the movie shows her as an abusive mother. She's trapped in the time loop, but seems to be gradually changing things. Perhaps when she has righted all her wrongs she can be free? | This is the first time I've seen Triangle so my answer may have flaws in it please correct me if I am wrong, here is my understanding of what has happened:
The abusive mother Jess was killed before the beginning of the film by a Jess that emerged from the future to protect her son from her rage. The future Jess tries to move away from the crime scene with her son but this results in the death of her son. She remembers there is a certain loop on a certain ship that can take her back to the time before her son's death. So she takes a taki to the harbour but by the time she reaches the harbour she loses her memory because of her trauma. She arrives at the harbour to meet her friends and sail with them, the boat gets flipped over by a storm , and an abandoned ship arrives on a collision course with the boat. Jess from a few hours before the amnesia is on the ship and she watches as they board. She have seen them die by a masked figure (not aware that the figure is her future self also before amnesia). She tries changing the course of events by stopping vetor from strangling her and by shooting the masked figure before he will kill her friends. But the result of this is an alternate course of actions happening concurrently with the results of the original course. The altered course alter the original events and the altered events restore the original course (Jess tries to change her past causing alternate future for Jess with the alternate Jess trying to change her past resulting in the original future of Jess). Either way, she believes that the loop repeats when everyone dies (although I believe it happens as a reaction to the time shock caused by Jess knocking her future self out / or killing her, and it is the time loop that causes this time shock), so Jess wears a mask and tries to kill everyone on board so that - as she thinks- the loop should repeat. She does kill everyone but fails to kill herself, getting knocked out or killed and falls into the sea, the Jess that falls - dead or alive- experiences both time shocks. Resulting in her returning to earlier this morning where she becomes the Jess that emerged from the future to kill the abusive mother Jess trying to protect her son.
So the abusive mother Jess is dead before the beginning of the film and never contributes in its events, and all the Jesses seen throughout the films are paradoxes without beginning or end with each one of them becoming or resulting into the other, an endless loop that she keeps trying to escape, but it is her attempts to escape that create an alternate loop which creates the original loop, all what is certain that both loops happened and that Jess is in torment, maybe its her destiny or its a punishment for nearly killing her son or whatever, and each time she gets a chance to break the loop represented by the taki driver but it is known that she will always waste it. |
509 | In [Triangle](http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1187064/), at the start when Jess arrives at the boat for the "first" time, is this the start of the continuation of the ending scene?
It's known that the cruise ship and any surroundings after leaving it is in a time loop.
Though Jess remembers the ship and tells Greg, she makes no indication that she is in the time loop. So yes, the movie was meant to confuse the user. But seeing that, according to the number of dead Sallys on board, the time loop occurs more than 20 times.
So, the first time she entered the loop, the storm sent her into an alternate reality with the never-ending time loop? Is this what the movie was showing? I noticed there is a deadly Jess that was not really in the foreground that got shot in the head, and stabs Sally and Downey in one of the rooms. I cannot really place where she falls into the picture seeing that one of the previous Jess instances killed that Jess instead of letting her jump overboard.
So is there a separate timeline/reality? | 2011/12/15 | [
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/questions/509",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/users/68/"
] | The movie *just* shows us the never-ending loop in which Jess is stuck seemingly forever. What *actually happened* that left her in this loop is never shown. Only subtle hints are given throughout the movie.
There is no starting point to the loop. That just seems so to the viewer. I would say that the instant she has the car crash with her son was the starting point. In fact, it's possible that she was an abusive mother who actually killed her son in a mad fit of rage. When she arrives to the dock for the first time, she says that her son is at 'School' as she is unable to come to terms with what she has done. The whole movie revolves around the 'never ending hell' she goes through because of her guilt. She keeps thinking that she can do something to 'save' her son. I believe that the cab driver also has a role to play. There was something suggestive in the way he says stuff like
>
> I'm just a taxi driver.
>
>
>
and
>
> So, I will keep the meter running? You promise you will come back,
> right?
>
>
>
Maybe he 'represents' the devil, waiting for her to accept the truth and be free from the loop of constant suffering?
She kills the 'original evil mom Jess'. This also represents her inability to accept the truth. She later tells her son how things will be better from now on.
Another point to take into consideration is the fact that initially it seems as if the time loop is restricted to the Ship. But the scene where she discovers the dead birds in the pit, shows that she realizes that it's her whole life, for that particular day,and not just the Ship. She can't just run away from it.
Time on Jess's watch exactly matches the time on the Ship. This is not the case for anyone else. Another indication that the whole time loop is just about her.
The Jess that stabs Sally and Downey can definitely exist. The events will happen as they 'should' unless Jess does something different. Everyone else will act the same way. The scene where she confronts 'the new Jess' with the gun but is unable to shoot, this new Jess runs away and is shown *killing* the 'Masked Jess'. The movie never shows what happens to her. Maybe she is the one who ends up stabbing Sally and Downey.
So, to summarize my answer, in my opinion,the movie starts out with an impression of being a strange sci-fi/time-loop movie (which it kind of is), but the part where she returns to shore and thereafter indicates something more which is going on, apart from the time loop on the Ship. That's my view.
PS: Check out the story of [Sisyphus](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisyphus). | jess said the whole process restarts when all them dies, just like the other jess who was wearing those black gowns told her that jess must kill her(jess) but she fell of the ship and ended at the beach where she walked back to her home(begining of the movie). there was a black cloth in the water at the beach, the same she was wearing when she fell of the ship. but because many jess`s have died she goes back again where she will become another jess but must first kill the abusive jess who was invited to the trip the day before by greg |
509 | In [Triangle](http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1187064/), at the start when Jess arrives at the boat for the "first" time, is this the start of the continuation of the ending scene?
It's known that the cruise ship and any surroundings after leaving it is in a time loop.
Though Jess remembers the ship and tells Greg, she makes no indication that she is in the time loop. So yes, the movie was meant to confuse the user. But seeing that, according to the number of dead Sallys on board, the time loop occurs more than 20 times.
So, the first time she entered the loop, the storm sent her into an alternate reality with the never-ending time loop? Is this what the movie was showing? I noticed there is a deadly Jess that was not really in the foreground that got shot in the head, and stabs Sally and Downey in one of the rooms. I cannot really place where she falls into the picture seeing that one of the previous Jess instances killed that Jess instead of letting her jump overboard.
So is there a separate timeline/reality? | 2011/12/15 | [
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/questions/509",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/users/68/"
] | The only thing possible to break out from the same-things-happening time loop is the "knowledge" of the previous loop, so that she can change them. I think she loses it all while she falls asleep on the boat, waking up with champagne and all.
All time bending movies have their inconsistencies somewhere. They're good for entertainment purpose only, and Triangle is one of my favorites. | I think, that the time repeats itself because Jess does not want to let go of her son. When they are sitting on their yacht, after the storm, she says that "If I do something differently, I'll loose him (her son)", and therefore she lets the story happen over and over again. Also I believe that the taxi driver is the death or maybe a saviour as it would all end -her son would die, she would die- if she stayed in the taxi. At least that's how I understood it. |
509 | In [Triangle](http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1187064/), at the start when Jess arrives at the boat for the "first" time, is this the start of the continuation of the ending scene?
It's known that the cruise ship and any surroundings after leaving it is in a time loop.
Though Jess remembers the ship and tells Greg, she makes no indication that she is in the time loop. So yes, the movie was meant to confuse the user. But seeing that, according to the number of dead Sallys on board, the time loop occurs more than 20 times.
So, the first time she entered the loop, the storm sent her into an alternate reality with the never-ending time loop? Is this what the movie was showing? I noticed there is a deadly Jess that was not really in the foreground that got shot in the head, and stabs Sally and Downey in one of the rooms. I cannot really place where she falls into the picture seeing that one of the previous Jess instances killed that Jess instead of letting her jump overboard.
So is there a separate timeline/reality? | 2011/12/15 | [
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/questions/509",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/users/68/"
] | The movie *just* shows us the never-ending loop in which Jess is stuck seemingly forever. What *actually happened* that left her in this loop is never shown. Only subtle hints are given throughout the movie.
There is no starting point to the loop. That just seems so to the viewer. I would say that the instant she has the car crash with her son was the starting point. In fact, it's possible that she was an abusive mother who actually killed her son in a mad fit of rage. When she arrives to the dock for the first time, she says that her son is at 'School' as she is unable to come to terms with what she has done. The whole movie revolves around the 'never ending hell' she goes through because of her guilt. She keeps thinking that she can do something to 'save' her son. I believe that the cab driver also has a role to play. There was something suggestive in the way he says stuff like
>
> I'm just a taxi driver.
>
>
>
and
>
> So, I will keep the meter running? You promise you will come back,
> right?
>
>
>
Maybe he 'represents' the devil, waiting for her to accept the truth and be free from the loop of constant suffering?
She kills the 'original evil mom Jess'. This also represents her inability to accept the truth. She later tells her son how things will be better from now on.
Another point to take into consideration is the fact that initially it seems as if the time loop is restricted to the Ship. But the scene where she discovers the dead birds in the pit, shows that she realizes that it's her whole life, for that particular day,and not just the Ship. She can't just run away from it.
Time on Jess's watch exactly matches the time on the Ship. This is not the case for anyone else. Another indication that the whole time loop is just about her.
The Jess that stabs Sally and Downey can definitely exist. The events will happen as they 'should' unless Jess does something different. Everyone else will act the same way. The scene where she confronts 'the new Jess' with the gun but is unable to shoot, this new Jess runs away and is shown *killing* the 'Masked Jess'. The movie never shows what happens to her. Maybe she is the one who ends up stabbing Sally and Downey.
So, to summarize my answer, in my opinion,the movie starts out with an impression of being a strange sci-fi/time-loop movie (which it kind of is), but the part where she returns to shore and thereafter indicates something more which is going on, apart from the time loop on the Ship. That's my view.
PS: Check out the story of [Sisyphus](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisyphus). | What I think is that the "good Jess" is the only surviving Jess, at both the beginning, the "exactly the same" Jess mentioned that her kid was in school, which means, her son died. Therefore, at the first part of the movie (before the storm), there are actually two Jesses, one who was killed, and the one who killed. Therefore, the one who go on board at both the beginning and end was actually the same Jess. And no matter what, Jess from the other dimension goes onto the large ship died because of the "good Jess" (you can consider as the prime evil). But it also seems like, when the loop of the "good Jess" repeated, she lost some part of the memory, what I think the moment she lost the memory was after the dream on the boat Triangle. |
509 | In [Triangle](http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1187064/), at the start when Jess arrives at the boat for the "first" time, is this the start of the continuation of the ending scene?
It's known that the cruise ship and any surroundings after leaving it is in a time loop.
Though Jess remembers the ship and tells Greg, she makes no indication that she is in the time loop. So yes, the movie was meant to confuse the user. But seeing that, according to the number of dead Sallys on board, the time loop occurs more than 20 times.
So, the first time she entered the loop, the storm sent her into an alternate reality with the never-ending time loop? Is this what the movie was showing? I noticed there is a deadly Jess that was not really in the foreground that got shot in the head, and stabs Sally and Downey in one of the rooms. I cannot really place where she falls into the picture seeing that one of the previous Jess instances killed that Jess instead of letting her jump overboard.
So is there a separate timeline/reality? | 2011/12/15 | [
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/questions/509",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/users/68/"
] | The only thing possible to break out from the same-things-happening time loop is the "knowledge" of the previous loop, so that she can change them. I think she loses it all while she falls asleep on the boat, waking up with champagne and all.
All time bending movies have their inconsistencies somewhere. They're good for entertainment purpose only, and Triangle is one of my favorites. | in order to understand i think first you need to consider that the movie has a linear story. The most important thing in this movie that you must consider in order to solve most of the puzzle is that when she arrives for the 2nd time she is not like the 1st jess and she already knows everything that is going to happen till the point that she is pushed into the sea (2nd jess is the one that already has seen the taxi driver and decided to come again to change things) in other words after jess 1 points a gun at jess 2 (the one that is aware) jess 2 runs away and starts shooting at theater and get hit by jess 1 and becomes that bloody face jess at the end and the bloody face jess is the longest jess that ever exists in this linear timeline but unfortunately she gets killed by the next 2nd jess and will never be able to use her foresight in order to change things and the loop starts. |
509 | In [Triangle](http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1187064/), at the start when Jess arrives at the boat for the "first" time, is this the start of the continuation of the ending scene?
It's known that the cruise ship and any surroundings after leaving it is in a time loop.
Though Jess remembers the ship and tells Greg, she makes no indication that she is in the time loop. So yes, the movie was meant to confuse the user. But seeing that, according to the number of dead Sallys on board, the time loop occurs more than 20 times.
So, the first time she entered the loop, the storm sent her into an alternate reality with the never-ending time loop? Is this what the movie was showing? I noticed there is a deadly Jess that was not really in the foreground that got shot in the head, and stabs Sally and Downey in one of the rooms. I cannot really place where she falls into the picture seeing that one of the previous Jess instances killed that Jess instead of letting her jump overboard.
So is there a separate timeline/reality? | 2011/12/15 | [
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/questions/509",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/users/68/"
] | Not the way I remember it. The way I see it Jess is in a kind of purgatory, as the end of the movie shows her as an abusive mother. She's trapped in the time loop, but seems to be gradually changing things. Perhaps when she has righted all her wrongs she can be free? | jess said the whole process restarts when all them dies, just like the other jess who was wearing those black gowns told her that jess must kill her(jess) but she fell of the ship and ended at the beach where she walked back to her home(begining of the movie). there was a black cloth in the water at the beach, the same she was wearing when she fell of the ship. but because many jess`s have died she goes back again where she will become another jess but must first kill the abusive jess who was invited to the trip the day before by greg |
509 | In [Triangle](http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1187064/), at the start when Jess arrives at the boat for the "first" time, is this the start of the continuation of the ending scene?
It's known that the cruise ship and any surroundings after leaving it is in a time loop.
Though Jess remembers the ship and tells Greg, she makes no indication that she is in the time loop. So yes, the movie was meant to confuse the user. But seeing that, according to the number of dead Sallys on board, the time loop occurs more than 20 times.
So, the first time she entered the loop, the storm sent her into an alternate reality with the never-ending time loop? Is this what the movie was showing? I noticed there is a deadly Jess that was not really in the foreground that got shot in the head, and stabs Sally and Downey in one of the rooms. I cannot really place where she falls into the picture seeing that one of the previous Jess instances killed that Jess instead of letting her jump overboard.
So is there a separate timeline/reality? | 2011/12/15 | [
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/questions/509",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/users/68/"
] | I agree that we enter the loop during its Nth playthrough. However, I do not think we are following the same Jess all the way through -- there is a moment when the film seems to judder and jump back several frames -- I think this represents several more playthroughs of the exact same moment thus we have jumped forward 2 or 3 Jess'. Remember, these are not rewinds but replays starting a frame or two behind.
PS, I am reading really annoying theories that there is a third killer, a masked man. This theory is based on a blooper -- you can see "masked Jess" hairy arm near the cuff, i.e. the stunt man when he throws the shot gun. This same theory holds that the third masked killer disappears but it is explicitly shown that this is really masked Jess who works out unmasked-Jess' attempt to distract her by throwing a valve. Consequently, she runs ahead of unmasked Jess and waits to ambush her.
It is a supernatural punishment loop of some kind for killing her son -- whether it's murder or manslaughter we will never know. | Not the way I remember it. The way I see it Jess is in a kind of purgatory, as the end of the movie shows her as an abusive mother. She's trapped in the time loop, but seems to be gradually changing things. Perhaps when she has righted all her wrongs she can be free? |
509 | In [Triangle](http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1187064/), at the start when Jess arrives at the boat for the "first" time, is this the start of the continuation of the ending scene?
It's known that the cruise ship and any surroundings after leaving it is in a time loop.
Though Jess remembers the ship and tells Greg, she makes no indication that she is in the time loop. So yes, the movie was meant to confuse the user. But seeing that, according to the number of dead Sallys on board, the time loop occurs more than 20 times.
So, the first time she entered the loop, the storm sent her into an alternate reality with the never-ending time loop? Is this what the movie was showing? I noticed there is a deadly Jess that was not really in the foreground that got shot in the head, and stabs Sally and Downey in one of the rooms. I cannot really place where she falls into the picture seeing that one of the previous Jess instances killed that Jess instead of letting her jump overboard.
So is there a separate timeline/reality? | 2011/12/15 | [
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/questions/509",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/users/68/"
] | The movie *just* shows us the never-ending loop in which Jess is stuck seemingly forever. What *actually happened* that left her in this loop is never shown. Only subtle hints are given throughout the movie.
There is no starting point to the loop. That just seems so to the viewer. I would say that the instant she has the car crash with her son was the starting point. In fact, it's possible that she was an abusive mother who actually killed her son in a mad fit of rage. When she arrives to the dock for the first time, she says that her son is at 'School' as she is unable to come to terms with what she has done. The whole movie revolves around the 'never ending hell' she goes through because of her guilt. She keeps thinking that she can do something to 'save' her son. I believe that the cab driver also has a role to play. There was something suggestive in the way he says stuff like
>
> I'm just a taxi driver.
>
>
>
and
>
> So, I will keep the meter running? You promise you will come back,
> right?
>
>
>
Maybe he 'represents' the devil, waiting for her to accept the truth and be free from the loop of constant suffering?
She kills the 'original evil mom Jess'. This also represents her inability to accept the truth. She later tells her son how things will be better from now on.
Another point to take into consideration is the fact that initially it seems as if the time loop is restricted to the Ship. But the scene where she discovers the dead birds in the pit, shows that she realizes that it's her whole life, for that particular day,and not just the Ship. She can't just run away from it.
Time on Jess's watch exactly matches the time on the Ship. This is not the case for anyone else. Another indication that the whole time loop is just about her.
The Jess that stabs Sally and Downey can definitely exist. The events will happen as they 'should' unless Jess does something different. Everyone else will act the same way. The scene where she confronts 'the new Jess' with the gun but is unable to shoot, this new Jess runs away and is shown *killing* the 'Masked Jess'. The movie never shows what happens to her. Maybe she is the one who ends up stabbing Sally and Downey.
So, to summarize my answer, in my opinion,the movie starts out with an impression of being a strange sci-fi/time-loop movie (which it kind of is), but the part where she returns to shore and thereafter indicates something more which is going on, apart from the time loop on the Ship. That's my view.
PS: Check out the story of [Sisyphus](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisyphus). | I think, that the time repeats itself because Jess does not want to let go of her son. When they are sitting on their yacht, after the storm, she says that "If I do something differently, I'll loose him (her son)", and therefore she lets the story happen over and over again. Also I believe that the taxi driver is the death or maybe a saviour as it would all end -her son would die, she would die- if she stayed in the taxi. At least that's how I understood it. |
2,558,553 | Let's say you have two objects, each described by some 2D corresponding points.
In order to compare these two shapes, you can multiple algorithms:
1. Procrustes analysis
2. Search the Linear / Affine transformation (with least-squares)
3. Other ...
My question is; what's the difference between the first two? For me, it seems like Procrustes is the same as finding the Linear/Affine transformation, only divided in 3 steps (translation, rotation and than scaling). And they both try to minimize square distance | 2017/12/09 | [
"https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/2558553",
"https://math.stackexchange.com",
"https://math.stackexchange.com/users/502656/"
] | Based on my own experience with computer vision, Procrustes analysis is just the process of solving the problem of fitting one set of points to another using rotations, translations and scaling (and in some contexts, reflection.)
Finding such a transformation with least squares is simply one solution to the Procrustes problem. Part of the Procrustes approach is choosing what quantity you are minimizing, and the sum of squares of the point differences is one particular choice. We could have made a different choice like minimizing the maximum difference between corresponding points.
So as you can see, I didn’t not think the two are distinguished by the transformations they use, I think that the latter is just one technique for solving the former problem-type. | The difference is the type of transform:
1. Procrustes finds the optimal (with respect to least squares distances of corresponding points) transform consisting of translation, scaling, reflection and rotation. So rigid transform (translation and rotation) plus global scaling and reflection.
2. Linear is different as it is missing translation. Also it allows for scaling each axis differently, and also allows shearing. Affine is linear plus translation so it is the most flexible of the mentioned transformations.
Therefore 1) Procrustes is basically shape preserving as shape is what remains after removing rigid, reflection and global scaling. 2) is not shape preserving as linear and affine can distort the shape quite a bit by their more flexible scaling and shearing capabilities. |
71,875 | ### Background:
I'm a fairly inexperienced GM and I'm working with a group that has wildly varying experience with role-playing - the game is intended as a teaching campaign to help a couple new players get familiar with the game, and give me some experience GMing. We're playing Pathfinder and have just reached level 6, and in the time that we've been playing I've found that the player characters rarely interact with each other. I feel like I'm reading a book to them in between battles, and there's very little *role*-playing.
More specifically, we've been playing for 6 months and still none of the characters know anything about any of the other players except their class. They haven't spoken about themselves or asked about the other characters' stories until tonight - and then only because I spoke to some of the players before the game, introduced an NPC to spill some of their personal beans to the rest of the party, then locked them in a room to "powwow" for a while. Fortunately, they're good players and when they saw what I was trying to do they played along. But I need to learn how to do it without ramming it down their throats.
Most of the players know each other, though one just recently joined at the invitation of his friend and he's new to the rest of us. 3 of the players are true veteran role-players and GMs with experience in many different systems. The other 2 have minimal RPG experience and no familiarity with any particular system. I've played since the mid-90s in multiple systems with many different groups. I've tried GMing once before and it lasted one session and failed miserably.
While this game and most of the games I participate in right now are Pathfinder, I am hoping that the question can elicit answers that will apply broadly to any system and any group.
### My problem:
Some of the best role-playing experiences I've had were when the GM set up a situation that gave the players a chance to interact with each other. I realize that not all players enjoy the kind of character role-play I'm aiming at, but I know that this group does - I feel that I'm just not very good at giving them opportunities to do it.
So what are some good kinds of situations that I can place my party in to encourage them to interact with each other? How do I set up the circumstances so that the players (and characters) will have the opportunity to talk to each other and will *want* to do so? | 2015/12/05 | [
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/71875",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/users/23886/"
] | ### Going for "small footprint, cumulative effect" here...
*GM: you open the door and see a pair of seated giants, one picking his teeth with the bones of his last victim, the other fashioning a goblet out of a fallen hero's helm, turn to face you. Grinning, the first reaches for his enormous maul...*
*BARD: who wants a buff-*
*WIZARD: everyone delay until my-*
*BARBARIAN: raaaaage!!!*
>
> So what are some good kinds of situations that I can place my party in to encourage them to interact with each other? How do I set up the circumstances so that the players (and characters) will have the opportunity to talk to each other and will want to do so?
>
>
>
*GM: alright, everybody, stop. Pause this scene. We're flashing back to three nights ago, camping out, having dinner on the road. One of you asks: "hey, guys, what should we do if we come up against a **pair** of biggies? It's a little different than either a crowd or a solo...." Go.*
**There it is:**
1. you've put them in a situation that needs discussing,
2. you've set up the circumstances that they have space and *permission* to talk in-character,
3. they want to have the conversation as much as they want to survive.\*\*
They can have the same exact conversation they'd have had, can roleplay-with-a-reason, and two real-life minutes later you un-pause the battle and play it out.
If you look at the in-universe timeline creatively you can find opportunities like this all the time. During your next session, make a note each time your *players* are having conversations about the game. When you go home, imagine how that conversation might have been cast as *characters'* conversation. Do this enough times and you'll start to see them coming at the table.
Lastly, be honest with your players that this is what you're trying to achieve. Tell them "I'm starting to keep an eye out for times when we can do more interactive role-play." That way when you throw them a jump-cut like that, they'll know and understand the reason.
---
Obviously, for the sake of crafting an example native to your PF campaign I went with the traditional FRPG setting and archetypes. But I believe you'll find this works no matter the system/setting. | **In my experience with *Pathfinder*, there are two surefire ways to encourage people to interact with each other in role play: have each player make a game-relevant background and throw problems at them that have no short-term answer**
The first and easiest way to get people to interact in game more is to have them follow [this background guide](http://www.d20pfsrd.com/gamemastering/other-rules/variant-rules-3rd-party/adamant-entertainment/backgrounds-occupations) as the first step in creating their characters. When most people who aren't familiar with table-top games create their first character, their first instinct is to fall back on Video Game RPG logic and construct a PC that appeals to their wants rather than their imagination. For example, a guy that is into something like *Harry Potter* could be thinking *"Man, I'd love to be a Hogwarts Wizard. HEY, there is a wizard class. WITH A **TON** OF MAGIC. AWESOME, I SHOULD BE ONE!"*. And with that line of thinking, he either makes a perfect bad ass in every way mystically (that tries to be a glory hog by doing EVERYTHING with magic) or some mopey little twat that sits on the side-lines (because the person playing them is miffed at only having 7 spells a day). However, by having them start with the background sheet (with one or two subjective re-rolls), they get a view of everything that their character came from rather than what they can be right off the bat. For example, if someone had the misfortune of rolling Outlaw Profession Con Artist, the guy could be like *"I could deal with that"*, and then skim through the classes thinking of how to make the profession/background work in their favor. He could be lazy and take the rogue for simplicity sake, but then he stops at the cleric thinking *"Hey, wouldn't it be funny if this priest goes around swindling people while preaching the good word?"*.
And now you have him hooked. From there, he isn't looking for what feats or powers he would like to buff his PC with to make him Tru Soopor Sand, he is looking for what feats and powers work with his idea. Eventually, The good sister Loralia of the Elvish Isles walks into a tavern, who proclaims the admittedly unfocused teachings of Seraph the Sunbather. As she picks the pockets of the old geezer in the corner, a glint catches her eye. A blade that sparkled like a shooting star is a scant five paces away. *"Surely such a magnificent blade could cut through stone like butter!"* she thinks. Looking just a little higher cleanses her palate and throws her into disgust. The shooting star is on the belt of some ugly half-orc beanpole that was too small to fit his bearskin jacket. Steeling herself for the opportunity to take the blade for her own, she strides up to the runt, swaying like an ocean. She puts her hand on his thigh and asks "What is your name, my child?". Two things happen. First, he stammers with a blush that he is Roc, son of Kornak, who seeks to do his father proud by claiming many heads with the familiy Longsword. Second, Loralia realizes too late that the sword is secured too firmly to Rocs' belt to pull away. From there, the guy could get his character in a bitter fued with Roc, or start a long quest of Romance and Betrayal to take the sword. All of which is happening in the background of the main campaign!
The more complicated, and equally effective way to get people more involved in your campaign is through long-term dungeons. When I suggest this, I don't mean something as long and arduous as spelunking from one side of the continent to the other and kill fifteen dragons on the way, I mean present an overarching problem and drop them into the middle of it. For example, in a previous campaign that I played, our overall quest was to travel across the countries of **Flails' Head** and gather the remaining Hero Kings to destroy the one that turned traitor, killed an other Hero King, and declared war on the whole continent using his hordes of the undead. Our first stop on our quest was this little bo-dunk town where our contact was supposedly hiding in; we found a ruin that was buried under the town instead. After clearing the dungeon, we were appraised by its watcher, who turned out to be this crotchety old lady that was at the inn when we found out about the abandoned fortress beneath the town square. She informed us that the King, who we were led to believe had taken a leave of absence to wander the world, had be usurped by some upstart spell-caster that threatened to level the capital if he didn't stand down. After leaving the city, he was captured and had his soul rent into four chunks that were hidden or entrusted to her commanding officers.
Other than 'You have to go to the city to revive the King' and 'I will meet you here, but get lodging elsewhere' that was all we got. We got dropped off at the main gate, got let inside, and the rest was up to us. By making us find our own allies and do our own planning, our DM put us in a position where we had to actually work as a team while he worked off of our ideas and set up encounters that either challenged or completely wrecked our plans. For instance, there was a part where the cleric was wandering around and just happened to find the Dock Masters' lost pet duck. After we returned the pet, he idly mentioned about the constant threat of sabotage he and his guild had to deal with. We offered our services and set up about twelve traps around the boat to alert us when the saboteurs were among us. At around midnight, we found a group of street thugs dressed in all black that proudly claimed that they were going to blow up the ship when we sprang out of the shadows. However, we didn't realize how obvious moving all the tables and shipping crates to surround the boat was. Moreover, we didn't think for a *second* that these guys were a distraction that their Dark Paladin leader used to set the bombs on the *opposite* side of the ship. That was a fun night.
TLDR: Instructing your players to roll for their background first when they make their character creates a strong connection to them, one that makes them feel like playing the roll of the character rather than the class. Putting the party in a long-lasting dungeon that gives them no other direction than "Save the Day" promotes teamwork and a good situation to play out their characters. |
71,875 | ### Background:
I'm a fairly inexperienced GM and I'm working with a group that has wildly varying experience with role-playing - the game is intended as a teaching campaign to help a couple new players get familiar with the game, and give me some experience GMing. We're playing Pathfinder and have just reached level 6, and in the time that we've been playing I've found that the player characters rarely interact with each other. I feel like I'm reading a book to them in between battles, and there's very little *role*-playing.
More specifically, we've been playing for 6 months and still none of the characters know anything about any of the other players except their class. They haven't spoken about themselves or asked about the other characters' stories until tonight - and then only because I spoke to some of the players before the game, introduced an NPC to spill some of their personal beans to the rest of the party, then locked them in a room to "powwow" for a while. Fortunately, they're good players and when they saw what I was trying to do they played along. But I need to learn how to do it without ramming it down their throats.
Most of the players know each other, though one just recently joined at the invitation of his friend and he's new to the rest of us. 3 of the players are true veteran role-players and GMs with experience in many different systems. The other 2 have minimal RPG experience and no familiarity with any particular system. I've played since the mid-90s in multiple systems with many different groups. I've tried GMing once before and it lasted one session and failed miserably.
While this game and most of the games I participate in right now are Pathfinder, I am hoping that the question can elicit answers that will apply broadly to any system and any group.
### My problem:
Some of the best role-playing experiences I've had were when the GM set up a situation that gave the players a chance to interact with each other. I realize that not all players enjoy the kind of character role-play I'm aiming at, but I know that this group does - I feel that I'm just not very good at giving them opportunities to do it.
So what are some good kinds of situations that I can place my party in to encourage them to interact with each other? How do I set up the circumstances so that the players (and characters) will have the opportunity to talk to each other and will *want* to do so? | 2015/12/05 | [
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/71875",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/users/23886/"
] | ### Going for "small footprint, cumulative effect" here...
*GM: you open the door and see a pair of seated giants, one picking his teeth with the bones of his last victim, the other fashioning a goblet out of a fallen hero's helm, turn to face you. Grinning, the first reaches for his enormous maul...*
*BARD: who wants a buff-*
*WIZARD: everyone delay until my-*
*BARBARIAN: raaaaage!!!*
>
> So what are some good kinds of situations that I can place my party in to encourage them to interact with each other? How do I set up the circumstances so that the players (and characters) will have the opportunity to talk to each other and will want to do so?
>
>
>
*GM: alright, everybody, stop. Pause this scene. We're flashing back to three nights ago, camping out, having dinner on the road. One of you asks: "hey, guys, what should we do if we come up against a **pair** of biggies? It's a little different than either a crowd or a solo...." Go.*
**There it is:**
1. you've put them in a situation that needs discussing,
2. you've set up the circumstances that they have space and *permission* to talk in-character,
3. they want to have the conversation as much as they want to survive.\*\*
They can have the same exact conversation they'd have had, can roleplay-with-a-reason, and two real-life minutes later you un-pause the battle and play it out.
If you look at the in-universe timeline creatively you can find opportunities like this all the time. During your next session, make a note each time your *players* are having conversations about the game. When you go home, imagine how that conversation might have been cast as *characters'* conversation. Do this enough times and you'll start to see them coming at the table.
Lastly, be honest with your players that this is what you're trying to achieve. Tell them "I'm starting to keep an eye out for times when we can do more interactive role-play." That way when you throw them a jump-cut like that, they'll know and understand the reason.
---
Obviously, for the sake of crafting an example native to your PF campaign I went with the traditional FRPG setting and archetypes. But I believe you'll find this works no matter the system/setting. | For small elements that encourage RP, I can think of a few pointers:
1: When at the game, call them by their character names. Not by their real names. If Steve is playing Greckar the Barbarian, then don't say, "Steve, your turn." Instead, say "Greckar, take action!"
2: Do an in-character questionnaire for your group. Good questions:
* What would your character do anything to gain?
* What would your character do anything to avoid?
* What's your character's long-term goals?
* What's one of your character's annoying habits?
I'm sure you can think of a few similar questions. Which leads us to:
3: Go ahead and give them adventures tailored to their characters. By feeding their ideas about their characters, making stories around their characters, you automatically draw their ICness out. Stopping a ghost in an abandoned and haunted mansion is one thing. Stopping the ghost of the Greckar's uncle, Count Modron, infamous necromancer and the REASON that the family has lost most of its riches and had to abandon their family manor, is entirely something else.
4: Finally, toss scenarios at them which requires roleplay to solve. Ask them who's got watch. Start them 'in media res' finding the one who's got watch tying ... a second of himself up. Doppleganger situation. They need to figure out which one is him. |
71,875 | ### Background:
I'm a fairly inexperienced GM and I'm working with a group that has wildly varying experience with role-playing - the game is intended as a teaching campaign to help a couple new players get familiar with the game, and give me some experience GMing. We're playing Pathfinder and have just reached level 6, and in the time that we've been playing I've found that the player characters rarely interact with each other. I feel like I'm reading a book to them in between battles, and there's very little *role*-playing.
More specifically, we've been playing for 6 months and still none of the characters know anything about any of the other players except their class. They haven't spoken about themselves or asked about the other characters' stories until tonight - and then only because I spoke to some of the players before the game, introduced an NPC to spill some of their personal beans to the rest of the party, then locked them in a room to "powwow" for a while. Fortunately, they're good players and when they saw what I was trying to do they played along. But I need to learn how to do it without ramming it down their throats.
Most of the players know each other, though one just recently joined at the invitation of his friend and he's new to the rest of us. 3 of the players are true veteran role-players and GMs with experience in many different systems. The other 2 have minimal RPG experience and no familiarity with any particular system. I've played since the mid-90s in multiple systems with many different groups. I've tried GMing once before and it lasted one session and failed miserably.
While this game and most of the games I participate in right now are Pathfinder, I am hoping that the question can elicit answers that will apply broadly to any system and any group.
### My problem:
Some of the best role-playing experiences I've had were when the GM set up a situation that gave the players a chance to interact with each other. I realize that not all players enjoy the kind of character role-play I'm aiming at, but I know that this group does - I feel that I'm just not very good at giving them opportunities to do it.
So what are some good kinds of situations that I can place my party in to encourage them to interact with each other? How do I set up the circumstances so that the players (and characters) will have the opportunity to talk to each other and will *want* to do so? | 2015/12/05 | [
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/71875",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/users/23886/"
] | One of the best ways to begin interaction like this is at the beginning. That is in the "how they meet each other" set up where you have each person arrive at the table, inn, tavern, starport, recruiting center, house of first client (or wherever) and then invite each player in one at a time (IRL) at intervals of four or five minutes to begin to introduce each other.
This is based on a group dynamics model that I learned years ago1. It has worked on teenagers, preteens, and adults in games I have run.
OK, you have group "forming" established.
Next, present them with more than one challenge for their first (or, in an established group their next) adventure/quest/task/raid/operation/grift challenge. Then step back and only answer their questions to you as they decide to choose an adventure/quest. A trigger to this is to provide a private message, hint, or clue to each player individually before or at the beginning of the game session, so that they all come to the table with having to choose among options and each has to present their clue to the consideration of the rest of the party.
There, you have a bit of "storming" added in.
During the following adventures, encourage them to interact to choose the next of the tasks/challenges/adventures you provided earlier. This allows them to begin to set priorities together, and to establish some party roles. Some nudging here from the DM/GM is very helpful in getting them to discuss this "in role" as opposed to "table talk." Some allusions to player background, particularly if backgrounds are somewhat private in you group, helps you to cue them to take on the role.
A bit of "norming" there.
Performing will happen by itself, even if it is dysfunctional in some ways, thanks to how the RPG works anyway. For you to keep encouraging their role interaction, keep offering them choices where they need to reach a consensus.
* Capture or kill that BBG's henchman?
* Rob that bank or set up a sting to catch the other gang right after
they robbed that bank? How will we manage to do that?
* Direct attack or ambush of that bandit party?
When they have to discuss and choose between options, or have five people and two items/trinkets/bits of tech, nudge their decision process along but cut them loose to decide.
Choices, decisions, and achieving group consensus: DM light, in terms of you setting it up and then sitting back as they make decisions and choices to influence the game world.
---
1 The group dynamics model is "Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing" and can be found in a lot of small group dynamics, leadership, and management courses, articles, and texts. | **In my experience with *Pathfinder*, there are two surefire ways to encourage people to interact with each other in role play: have each player make a game-relevant background and throw problems at them that have no short-term answer**
The first and easiest way to get people to interact in game more is to have them follow [this background guide](http://www.d20pfsrd.com/gamemastering/other-rules/variant-rules-3rd-party/adamant-entertainment/backgrounds-occupations) as the first step in creating their characters. When most people who aren't familiar with table-top games create their first character, their first instinct is to fall back on Video Game RPG logic and construct a PC that appeals to their wants rather than their imagination. For example, a guy that is into something like *Harry Potter* could be thinking *"Man, I'd love to be a Hogwarts Wizard. HEY, there is a wizard class. WITH A **TON** OF MAGIC. AWESOME, I SHOULD BE ONE!"*. And with that line of thinking, he either makes a perfect bad ass in every way mystically (that tries to be a glory hog by doing EVERYTHING with magic) or some mopey little twat that sits on the side-lines (because the person playing them is miffed at only having 7 spells a day). However, by having them start with the background sheet (with one or two subjective re-rolls), they get a view of everything that their character came from rather than what they can be right off the bat. For example, if someone had the misfortune of rolling Outlaw Profession Con Artist, the guy could be like *"I could deal with that"*, and then skim through the classes thinking of how to make the profession/background work in their favor. He could be lazy and take the rogue for simplicity sake, but then he stops at the cleric thinking *"Hey, wouldn't it be funny if this priest goes around swindling people while preaching the good word?"*.
And now you have him hooked. From there, he isn't looking for what feats or powers he would like to buff his PC with to make him Tru Soopor Sand, he is looking for what feats and powers work with his idea. Eventually, The good sister Loralia of the Elvish Isles walks into a tavern, who proclaims the admittedly unfocused teachings of Seraph the Sunbather. As she picks the pockets of the old geezer in the corner, a glint catches her eye. A blade that sparkled like a shooting star is a scant five paces away. *"Surely such a magnificent blade could cut through stone like butter!"* she thinks. Looking just a little higher cleanses her palate and throws her into disgust. The shooting star is on the belt of some ugly half-orc beanpole that was too small to fit his bearskin jacket. Steeling herself for the opportunity to take the blade for her own, she strides up to the runt, swaying like an ocean. She puts her hand on his thigh and asks "What is your name, my child?". Two things happen. First, he stammers with a blush that he is Roc, son of Kornak, who seeks to do his father proud by claiming many heads with the familiy Longsword. Second, Loralia realizes too late that the sword is secured too firmly to Rocs' belt to pull away. From there, the guy could get his character in a bitter fued with Roc, or start a long quest of Romance and Betrayal to take the sword. All of which is happening in the background of the main campaign!
The more complicated, and equally effective way to get people more involved in your campaign is through long-term dungeons. When I suggest this, I don't mean something as long and arduous as spelunking from one side of the continent to the other and kill fifteen dragons on the way, I mean present an overarching problem and drop them into the middle of it. For example, in a previous campaign that I played, our overall quest was to travel across the countries of **Flails' Head** and gather the remaining Hero Kings to destroy the one that turned traitor, killed an other Hero King, and declared war on the whole continent using his hordes of the undead. Our first stop on our quest was this little bo-dunk town where our contact was supposedly hiding in; we found a ruin that was buried under the town instead. After clearing the dungeon, we were appraised by its watcher, who turned out to be this crotchety old lady that was at the inn when we found out about the abandoned fortress beneath the town square. She informed us that the King, who we were led to believe had taken a leave of absence to wander the world, had be usurped by some upstart spell-caster that threatened to level the capital if he didn't stand down. After leaving the city, he was captured and had his soul rent into four chunks that were hidden or entrusted to her commanding officers.
Other than 'You have to go to the city to revive the King' and 'I will meet you here, but get lodging elsewhere' that was all we got. We got dropped off at the main gate, got let inside, and the rest was up to us. By making us find our own allies and do our own planning, our DM put us in a position where we had to actually work as a team while he worked off of our ideas and set up encounters that either challenged or completely wrecked our plans. For instance, there was a part where the cleric was wandering around and just happened to find the Dock Masters' lost pet duck. After we returned the pet, he idly mentioned about the constant threat of sabotage he and his guild had to deal with. We offered our services and set up about twelve traps around the boat to alert us when the saboteurs were among us. At around midnight, we found a group of street thugs dressed in all black that proudly claimed that they were going to blow up the ship when we sprang out of the shadows. However, we didn't realize how obvious moving all the tables and shipping crates to surround the boat was. Moreover, we didn't think for a *second* that these guys were a distraction that their Dark Paladin leader used to set the bombs on the *opposite* side of the ship. That was a fun night.
TLDR: Instructing your players to roll for their background first when they make their character creates a strong connection to them, one that makes them feel like playing the roll of the character rather than the class. Putting the party in a long-lasting dungeon that gives them no other direction than "Save the Day" promotes teamwork and a good situation to play out their characters. |
71,875 | ### Background:
I'm a fairly inexperienced GM and I'm working with a group that has wildly varying experience with role-playing - the game is intended as a teaching campaign to help a couple new players get familiar with the game, and give me some experience GMing. We're playing Pathfinder and have just reached level 6, and in the time that we've been playing I've found that the player characters rarely interact with each other. I feel like I'm reading a book to them in between battles, and there's very little *role*-playing.
More specifically, we've been playing for 6 months and still none of the characters know anything about any of the other players except their class. They haven't spoken about themselves or asked about the other characters' stories until tonight - and then only because I spoke to some of the players before the game, introduced an NPC to spill some of their personal beans to the rest of the party, then locked them in a room to "powwow" for a while. Fortunately, they're good players and when they saw what I was trying to do they played along. But I need to learn how to do it without ramming it down their throats.
Most of the players know each other, though one just recently joined at the invitation of his friend and he's new to the rest of us. 3 of the players are true veteran role-players and GMs with experience in many different systems. The other 2 have minimal RPG experience and no familiarity with any particular system. I've played since the mid-90s in multiple systems with many different groups. I've tried GMing once before and it lasted one session and failed miserably.
While this game and most of the games I participate in right now are Pathfinder, I am hoping that the question can elicit answers that will apply broadly to any system and any group.
### My problem:
Some of the best role-playing experiences I've had were when the GM set up a situation that gave the players a chance to interact with each other. I realize that not all players enjoy the kind of character role-play I'm aiming at, but I know that this group does - I feel that I'm just not very good at giving them opportunities to do it.
So what are some good kinds of situations that I can place my party in to encourage them to interact with each other? How do I set up the circumstances so that the players (and characters) will have the opportunity to talk to each other and will *want* to do so? | 2015/12/05 | [
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/71875",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/users/23886/"
] | One of the best ways to begin interaction like this is at the beginning. That is in the "how they meet each other" set up where you have each person arrive at the table, inn, tavern, starport, recruiting center, house of first client (or wherever) and then invite each player in one at a time (IRL) at intervals of four or five minutes to begin to introduce each other.
This is based on a group dynamics model that I learned years ago1. It has worked on teenagers, preteens, and adults in games I have run.
OK, you have group "forming" established.
Next, present them with more than one challenge for their first (or, in an established group their next) adventure/quest/task/raid/operation/grift challenge. Then step back and only answer their questions to you as they decide to choose an adventure/quest. A trigger to this is to provide a private message, hint, or clue to each player individually before or at the beginning of the game session, so that they all come to the table with having to choose among options and each has to present their clue to the consideration of the rest of the party.
There, you have a bit of "storming" added in.
During the following adventures, encourage them to interact to choose the next of the tasks/challenges/adventures you provided earlier. This allows them to begin to set priorities together, and to establish some party roles. Some nudging here from the DM/GM is very helpful in getting them to discuss this "in role" as opposed to "table talk." Some allusions to player background, particularly if backgrounds are somewhat private in you group, helps you to cue them to take on the role.
A bit of "norming" there.
Performing will happen by itself, even if it is dysfunctional in some ways, thanks to how the RPG works anyway. For you to keep encouraging their role interaction, keep offering them choices where they need to reach a consensus.
* Capture or kill that BBG's henchman?
* Rob that bank or set up a sting to catch the other gang right after
they robbed that bank? How will we manage to do that?
* Direct attack or ambush of that bandit party?
When they have to discuss and choose between options, or have five people and two items/trinkets/bits of tech, nudge their decision process along but cut them loose to decide.
Choices, decisions, and achieving group consensus: DM light, in terms of you setting it up and then sitting back as they make decisions and choices to influence the game world.
---
1 The group dynamics model is "Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing" and can be found in a lot of small group dynamics, leadership, and management courses, articles, and texts. | For small elements that encourage RP, I can think of a few pointers:
1: When at the game, call them by their character names. Not by their real names. If Steve is playing Greckar the Barbarian, then don't say, "Steve, your turn." Instead, say "Greckar, take action!"
2: Do an in-character questionnaire for your group. Good questions:
* What would your character do anything to gain?
* What would your character do anything to avoid?
* What's your character's long-term goals?
* What's one of your character's annoying habits?
I'm sure you can think of a few similar questions. Which leads us to:
3: Go ahead and give them adventures tailored to their characters. By feeding their ideas about their characters, making stories around their characters, you automatically draw their ICness out. Stopping a ghost in an abandoned and haunted mansion is one thing. Stopping the ghost of the Greckar's uncle, Count Modron, infamous necromancer and the REASON that the family has lost most of its riches and had to abandon their family manor, is entirely something else.
4: Finally, toss scenarios at them which requires roleplay to solve. Ask them who's got watch. Start them 'in media res' finding the one who's got watch tying ... a second of himself up. Doppleganger situation. They need to figure out which one is him. |
71,875 | ### Background:
I'm a fairly inexperienced GM and I'm working with a group that has wildly varying experience with role-playing - the game is intended as a teaching campaign to help a couple new players get familiar with the game, and give me some experience GMing. We're playing Pathfinder and have just reached level 6, and in the time that we've been playing I've found that the player characters rarely interact with each other. I feel like I'm reading a book to them in between battles, and there's very little *role*-playing.
More specifically, we've been playing for 6 months and still none of the characters know anything about any of the other players except their class. They haven't spoken about themselves or asked about the other characters' stories until tonight - and then only because I spoke to some of the players before the game, introduced an NPC to spill some of their personal beans to the rest of the party, then locked them in a room to "powwow" for a while. Fortunately, they're good players and when they saw what I was trying to do they played along. But I need to learn how to do it without ramming it down their throats.
Most of the players know each other, though one just recently joined at the invitation of his friend and he's new to the rest of us. 3 of the players are true veteran role-players and GMs with experience in many different systems. The other 2 have minimal RPG experience and no familiarity with any particular system. I've played since the mid-90s in multiple systems with many different groups. I've tried GMing once before and it lasted one session and failed miserably.
While this game and most of the games I participate in right now are Pathfinder, I am hoping that the question can elicit answers that will apply broadly to any system and any group.
### My problem:
Some of the best role-playing experiences I've had were when the GM set up a situation that gave the players a chance to interact with each other. I realize that not all players enjoy the kind of character role-play I'm aiming at, but I know that this group does - I feel that I'm just not very good at giving them opportunities to do it.
So what are some good kinds of situations that I can place my party in to encourage them to interact with each other? How do I set up the circumstances so that the players (and characters) will have the opportunity to talk to each other and will *want* to do so? | 2015/12/05 | [
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/71875",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/users/23886/"
] | **In my experience with *Pathfinder*, there are two surefire ways to encourage people to interact with each other in role play: have each player make a game-relevant background and throw problems at them that have no short-term answer**
The first and easiest way to get people to interact in game more is to have them follow [this background guide](http://www.d20pfsrd.com/gamemastering/other-rules/variant-rules-3rd-party/adamant-entertainment/backgrounds-occupations) as the first step in creating their characters. When most people who aren't familiar with table-top games create their first character, their first instinct is to fall back on Video Game RPG logic and construct a PC that appeals to their wants rather than their imagination. For example, a guy that is into something like *Harry Potter* could be thinking *"Man, I'd love to be a Hogwarts Wizard. HEY, there is a wizard class. WITH A **TON** OF MAGIC. AWESOME, I SHOULD BE ONE!"*. And with that line of thinking, he either makes a perfect bad ass in every way mystically (that tries to be a glory hog by doing EVERYTHING with magic) or some mopey little twat that sits on the side-lines (because the person playing them is miffed at only having 7 spells a day). However, by having them start with the background sheet (with one or two subjective re-rolls), they get a view of everything that their character came from rather than what they can be right off the bat. For example, if someone had the misfortune of rolling Outlaw Profession Con Artist, the guy could be like *"I could deal with that"*, and then skim through the classes thinking of how to make the profession/background work in their favor. He could be lazy and take the rogue for simplicity sake, but then he stops at the cleric thinking *"Hey, wouldn't it be funny if this priest goes around swindling people while preaching the good word?"*.
And now you have him hooked. From there, he isn't looking for what feats or powers he would like to buff his PC with to make him Tru Soopor Sand, he is looking for what feats and powers work with his idea. Eventually, The good sister Loralia of the Elvish Isles walks into a tavern, who proclaims the admittedly unfocused teachings of Seraph the Sunbather. As she picks the pockets of the old geezer in the corner, a glint catches her eye. A blade that sparkled like a shooting star is a scant five paces away. *"Surely such a magnificent blade could cut through stone like butter!"* she thinks. Looking just a little higher cleanses her palate and throws her into disgust. The shooting star is on the belt of some ugly half-orc beanpole that was too small to fit his bearskin jacket. Steeling herself for the opportunity to take the blade for her own, she strides up to the runt, swaying like an ocean. She puts her hand on his thigh and asks "What is your name, my child?". Two things happen. First, he stammers with a blush that he is Roc, son of Kornak, who seeks to do his father proud by claiming many heads with the familiy Longsword. Second, Loralia realizes too late that the sword is secured too firmly to Rocs' belt to pull away. From there, the guy could get his character in a bitter fued with Roc, or start a long quest of Romance and Betrayal to take the sword. All of which is happening in the background of the main campaign!
The more complicated, and equally effective way to get people more involved in your campaign is through long-term dungeons. When I suggest this, I don't mean something as long and arduous as spelunking from one side of the continent to the other and kill fifteen dragons on the way, I mean present an overarching problem and drop them into the middle of it. For example, in a previous campaign that I played, our overall quest was to travel across the countries of **Flails' Head** and gather the remaining Hero Kings to destroy the one that turned traitor, killed an other Hero King, and declared war on the whole continent using his hordes of the undead. Our first stop on our quest was this little bo-dunk town where our contact was supposedly hiding in; we found a ruin that was buried under the town instead. After clearing the dungeon, we were appraised by its watcher, who turned out to be this crotchety old lady that was at the inn when we found out about the abandoned fortress beneath the town square. She informed us that the King, who we were led to believe had taken a leave of absence to wander the world, had be usurped by some upstart spell-caster that threatened to level the capital if he didn't stand down. After leaving the city, he was captured and had his soul rent into four chunks that were hidden or entrusted to her commanding officers.
Other than 'You have to go to the city to revive the King' and 'I will meet you here, but get lodging elsewhere' that was all we got. We got dropped off at the main gate, got let inside, and the rest was up to us. By making us find our own allies and do our own planning, our DM put us in a position where we had to actually work as a team while he worked off of our ideas and set up encounters that either challenged or completely wrecked our plans. For instance, there was a part where the cleric was wandering around and just happened to find the Dock Masters' lost pet duck. After we returned the pet, he idly mentioned about the constant threat of sabotage he and his guild had to deal with. We offered our services and set up about twelve traps around the boat to alert us when the saboteurs were among us. At around midnight, we found a group of street thugs dressed in all black that proudly claimed that they were going to blow up the ship when we sprang out of the shadows. However, we didn't realize how obvious moving all the tables and shipping crates to surround the boat was. Moreover, we didn't think for a *second* that these guys were a distraction that their Dark Paladin leader used to set the bombs on the *opposite* side of the ship. That was a fun night.
TLDR: Instructing your players to roll for their background first when they make their character creates a strong connection to them, one that makes them feel like playing the roll of the character rather than the class. Putting the party in a long-lasting dungeon that gives them no other direction than "Save the Day" promotes teamwork and a good situation to play out their characters. | For small elements that encourage RP, I can think of a few pointers:
1: When at the game, call them by their character names. Not by their real names. If Steve is playing Greckar the Barbarian, then don't say, "Steve, your turn." Instead, say "Greckar, take action!"
2: Do an in-character questionnaire for your group. Good questions:
* What would your character do anything to gain?
* What would your character do anything to avoid?
* What's your character's long-term goals?
* What's one of your character's annoying habits?
I'm sure you can think of a few similar questions. Which leads us to:
3: Go ahead and give them adventures tailored to their characters. By feeding their ideas about their characters, making stories around their characters, you automatically draw their ICness out. Stopping a ghost in an abandoned and haunted mansion is one thing. Stopping the ghost of the Greckar's uncle, Count Modron, infamous necromancer and the REASON that the family has lost most of its riches and had to abandon their family manor, is entirely something else.
4: Finally, toss scenarios at them which requires roleplay to solve. Ask them who's got watch. Start them 'in media res' finding the one who's got watch tying ... a second of himself up. Doppleganger situation. They need to figure out which one is him. |
66,422,966 | I'm reading Elements of Programming Interviews, and on page 43, there's the following line/quote:
>
> Implemented naively, quicksort has large run times and deep function call stacks
> on arrays with many duplicates because the subarrays may differ greatly in size.
>
>
> One solution is to reorder the array so that all emements less than the pivot appear first,
> followed by elements equal to the pivot, followed by elements greater than the pivot.
>
>
> This is known as Dutch National Flag partitioning.
>
>
>
I'm having a lot of trouble visualising the problem described in the first line, and so I don't understand how the Dutch National Flag partitioning scheme helps. I was unable to find a webpage that explains this clearly. Can I please get some help explaining this visually? | 2021/03/01 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/66422966",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/15307349/"
] | The quick sort algorithm requires as one of its steps some algorithm to *partition* the data, based on a selected *pivot*. The ideal scenario is that each partition is as small as possible, so that it requires fewer further divisions. If more than half the elements end up in one partition, more steps will be needed to conclude the algorithm.
As an illustrative example of why duplicates cause this asymmetry, consider sorting the following list, which contains six elements out of eight with the same value:
>
> 2, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3
>
>
>
If you were asked to partition this into two lists, you might well put all elements less than the pivot into one partition, and all those greater than or equal to it in another.
This is for instance how the common ["Lomuto's algorithm"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quicksort#Lomuto_partition_scheme) works, with the pivot itself excluded from both partitions. This algorithm is often considered relatively simple to understand and implement, so may be what the author had in mind with the phrase "naive implementation".
In this scheme, the first step might partition the list as follows:
* Pivot: 2
* Less than pivot: 1
* More than or equal to pivot: 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3
The second partition is then recursively partitioned:
* Pivot: 2
* Less than pivot: [empty list]
* More than or equal to pivot: 2, 2, 2, 2, 3
Step 3:
* Pivot: 2
* Less than pivot: [empty list]
* More than or equal to pivot: 2, 2, 2, 3
Step 4:
* Pivot: 2
* Less than pivot: [empty list]
* More than or equal to pivot: 2, 2, 3
Step 5:
* Pivot: 2
* Less than pivot: [empty list]
* More than or equal to pivot: 2, 3
Step 6:
* Pivot: 2
* Less than pivot: [empty list]
* More than or equal to pivot: 3
Here recursion can finally stop. This is much worse than the 3 steps we would expect if the partitions were always of equal size (partitions of 4, 2, and then 1). The choice of pivot doesn't matter, because even if we found the correct position for the 3 sooner, we would still need one step for each 2 in the list.
---
A "fat pivot" or "Dutch flag" partitioning scheme extends the above by separating out all the values *equal to* the pivot into a third partition. Rather than just *balancing* the partitions, this has the result that *both* partitions are smaller.
In our example, the result immediately looks like this:
* Pivot: 2
* Equal to pivot: 2, 2, 2, 2, 2
* Less than pivot: 1
* More than pivot: 3
Since the values in the new partition are all equal, it doesn't need further sorting. In our example, the remaining partitions have one element each, so there is no need to perform any recursion at all. For less extreme cases, the two partitions left to sort will both be smaller, so need fewer further steps to sort.
However, the cost of that one partitioning step will be higher due to the greater complexity of the partitioning algorithm.
---
Other partitioning schemes have two partitions, but allow values equal to the pivot to be in either partition. This means the partitions can be evenly sized at each step, even with duplicate values (although it doesn't *guarantee* that they will be). [The original algorithm proposed by Tony Hoare](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quicksort#Hoare_partition_scheme) when inventing Quick Sort has this property.
In this case, the first step might give a result like this:
* Left partition: 2, 2, 1, 2
* Right partition: 2, 2, 2, 3
This is less efficient than a "fat pivot" for our extreme example, but much more efficient than having one very large and one very small partition. | >
> quicksort has large run times and deep function call stacks
> on arrays with many duplicates
>
>
>
This is only true for Lomuto type partition scheme, a variation of quicksort that first appears to be mentioned in 1984, versus the original Hoare partition scheme published in 1961. Normally Lomuto partition step results in 3 sub-partitions: elements < pivot, pivot (single element), elements >= pivot. In the case where all elements are equal, then a partition step results in 0 elements < pivot, pivot, n-1 elements >= pivot, recursing on the n-1 element partition, only removing one element per level of recursion, the worst case behavior for quicksort with time complexity O(n^2).
For Hoare partition scheme, as the number of duplicates increases, the partitioning will result in closer to equal sized sub-partitions. In the case where all elements are equal, then Hoare partition scheme results in an ideal 50% / 50% split, because the partitioning loop results in the working left (*i* in the wiki article) and right (*j* in the wiki article) indexes meeting at the middle. There will be unneeded swaps of equal elements, but the check to avoid swaps generally increases run time more than just doing the swaps for typical cases. In general, as the percentage of duplicates increases, the greater the probability that the indexes will meet near the middle of a partition.
Doing a 3 way partition as suggested in the original question helps when the pivot is one of the duplicate values. It may take quite a few levels of recursion before a pivot is one of the duplicates in a sub-array, but will eliminate the pivot and it's duplicates from further recursion. This will avoid worst case time complexity O(n^2) due to a large number of equal values, but will be slower than Hoare unless there are significant number of equal values.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quicksort#Lomuto_partition_scheme>
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quicksort#Hoare_partition_scheme>
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quicksort#Repeated_elements>
---
Although not asked for in the original question, some comments have been made asking to explain Hoare and Lomuto schemes. Both schemes use two indexes, and are optimized to reduce the number of compares (at the cost of more swaps). These explanations are for the Wiki examples for Hoare and Lomuto linked to above, and I added a Dutch National Flag example based on Lomuto.
Hoare - set pivot = middle element of array, array[floor((lo + hi)/2)]. naive implementation for inner loops: scan left to right for an element > pivot (index *i*), scan right to left for an element < pivot (index *j*), swap the elements, continue this process until the two indexes meet or cross. The inner loops need to check to make sure an index is not advanced beyond the bounds of the sub-array being partitioned. Hoare optimized this by changing the compares to >= and <=, which eliminates the need for a check for going beyond the bounds of a sub-array, at the cost of sometimes swapping equal elements. After this, elements of array[lo .. j] are <= pivot and elements of array[j+1 .. hi] are >= pivot.
Lomuto - set pivot = array[hi]. *i* initialized to *lo*. *j* current index to find elements < pivot. Main loop: for j = lo until j == hi increment j: if array[j] < pivot, then: swap(array[i], array[j]) and increment i. After each iteration, elements of array[lo .. i-1] < pivot, array[i .. j-1] >= pivot. Note that i == j until the first instance of array[j] >= pivot, and although swapping when i == j is needless, it's faster than checking for i==j to avoid the swap, since i != j after the first instance of array[j] >= pivot. Once the main loop is done, array[i] is swapped with array[hi] to put the pivot into place. After this, elements of array[lo .. i-1] are < pivot, array[i] == pivot, elements of array[i+1 .. hi] are >= pivot.
Lomuto based Dutch National flag scheme - After Lomuto main partition loop is done, repeat the process using similar logic on array[i+1 .. hi], (using *j* and *k*), to end up with array[lo .. i-1] < pivot, array[i .. j] == pivot, array[j+1 .. hi] > pivot. |
66,422,966 | I'm reading Elements of Programming Interviews, and on page 43, there's the following line/quote:
>
> Implemented naively, quicksort has large run times and deep function call stacks
> on arrays with many duplicates because the subarrays may differ greatly in size.
>
>
> One solution is to reorder the array so that all emements less than the pivot appear first,
> followed by elements equal to the pivot, followed by elements greater than the pivot.
>
>
> This is known as Dutch National Flag partitioning.
>
>
>
I'm having a lot of trouble visualising the problem described in the first line, and so I don't understand how the Dutch National Flag partitioning scheme helps. I was unable to find a webpage that explains this clearly. Can I please get some help explaining this visually? | 2021/03/01 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/66422966",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/15307349/"
] | The quick sort algorithm requires as one of its steps some algorithm to *partition* the data, based on a selected *pivot*. The ideal scenario is that each partition is as small as possible, so that it requires fewer further divisions. If more than half the elements end up in one partition, more steps will be needed to conclude the algorithm.
As an illustrative example of why duplicates cause this asymmetry, consider sorting the following list, which contains six elements out of eight with the same value:
>
> 2, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3
>
>
>
If you were asked to partition this into two lists, you might well put all elements less than the pivot into one partition, and all those greater than or equal to it in another.
This is for instance how the common ["Lomuto's algorithm"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quicksort#Lomuto_partition_scheme) works, with the pivot itself excluded from both partitions. This algorithm is often considered relatively simple to understand and implement, so may be what the author had in mind with the phrase "naive implementation".
In this scheme, the first step might partition the list as follows:
* Pivot: 2
* Less than pivot: 1
* More than or equal to pivot: 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3
The second partition is then recursively partitioned:
* Pivot: 2
* Less than pivot: [empty list]
* More than or equal to pivot: 2, 2, 2, 2, 3
Step 3:
* Pivot: 2
* Less than pivot: [empty list]
* More than or equal to pivot: 2, 2, 2, 3
Step 4:
* Pivot: 2
* Less than pivot: [empty list]
* More than or equal to pivot: 2, 2, 3
Step 5:
* Pivot: 2
* Less than pivot: [empty list]
* More than or equal to pivot: 2, 3
Step 6:
* Pivot: 2
* Less than pivot: [empty list]
* More than or equal to pivot: 3
Here recursion can finally stop. This is much worse than the 3 steps we would expect if the partitions were always of equal size (partitions of 4, 2, and then 1). The choice of pivot doesn't matter, because even if we found the correct position for the 3 sooner, we would still need one step for each 2 in the list.
---
A "fat pivot" or "Dutch flag" partitioning scheme extends the above by separating out all the values *equal to* the pivot into a third partition. Rather than just *balancing* the partitions, this has the result that *both* partitions are smaller.
In our example, the result immediately looks like this:
* Pivot: 2
* Equal to pivot: 2, 2, 2, 2, 2
* Less than pivot: 1
* More than pivot: 3
Since the values in the new partition are all equal, it doesn't need further sorting. In our example, the remaining partitions have one element each, so there is no need to perform any recursion at all. For less extreme cases, the two partitions left to sort will both be smaller, so need fewer further steps to sort.
However, the cost of that one partitioning step will be higher due to the greater complexity of the partitioning algorithm.
---
Other partitioning schemes have two partitions, but allow values equal to the pivot to be in either partition. This means the partitions can be evenly sized at each step, even with duplicate values (although it doesn't *guarantee* that they will be). [The original algorithm proposed by Tony Hoare](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quicksort#Hoare_partition_scheme) when inventing Quick Sort has this property.
In this case, the first step might give a result like this:
* Left partition: 2, 2, 1, 2
* Right partition: 2, 2, 2, 3
This is less efficient than a "fat pivot" for our extreme example, but much more efficient than having one very large and one very small partition. | "because the subarrays may differ greatly in size" says it. The pivot and the array values can be such that a subarray of size N is split in two subarrays of size N-1 and 1. This can create a degenerate situation such that N recursive calls are stacked. |
66,422,966 | I'm reading Elements of Programming Interviews, and on page 43, there's the following line/quote:
>
> Implemented naively, quicksort has large run times and deep function call stacks
> on arrays with many duplicates because the subarrays may differ greatly in size.
>
>
> One solution is to reorder the array so that all emements less than the pivot appear first,
> followed by elements equal to the pivot, followed by elements greater than the pivot.
>
>
> This is known as Dutch National Flag partitioning.
>
>
>
I'm having a lot of trouble visualising the problem described in the first line, and so I don't understand how the Dutch National Flag partitioning scheme helps. I was unable to find a webpage that explains this clearly. Can I please get some help explaining this visually? | 2021/03/01 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/66422966",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/15307349/"
] | >
> quicksort has large run times and deep function call stacks
> on arrays with many duplicates
>
>
>
This is only true for Lomuto type partition scheme, a variation of quicksort that first appears to be mentioned in 1984, versus the original Hoare partition scheme published in 1961. Normally Lomuto partition step results in 3 sub-partitions: elements < pivot, pivot (single element), elements >= pivot. In the case where all elements are equal, then a partition step results in 0 elements < pivot, pivot, n-1 elements >= pivot, recursing on the n-1 element partition, only removing one element per level of recursion, the worst case behavior for quicksort with time complexity O(n^2).
For Hoare partition scheme, as the number of duplicates increases, the partitioning will result in closer to equal sized sub-partitions. In the case where all elements are equal, then Hoare partition scheme results in an ideal 50% / 50% split, because the partitioning loop results in the working left (*i* in the wiki article) and right (*j* in the wiki article) indexes meeting at the middle. There will be unneeded swaps of equal elements, but the check to avoid swaps generally increases run time more than just doing the swaps for typical cases. In general, as the percentage of duplicates increases, the greater the probability that the indexes will meet near the middle of a partition.
Doing a 3 way partition as suggested in the original question helps when the pivot is one of the duplicate values. It may take quite a few levels of recursion before a pivot is one of the duplicates in a sub-array, but will eliminate the pivot and it's duplicates from further recursion. This will avoid worst case time complexity O(n^2) due to a large number of equal values, but will be slower than Hoare unless there are significant number of equal values.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quicksort#Lomuto_partition_scheme>
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quicksort#Hoare_partition_scheme>
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quicksort#Repeated_elements>
---
Although not asked for in the original question, some comments have been made asking to explain Hoare and Lomuto schemes. Both schemes use two indexes, and are optimized to reduce the number of compares (at the cost of more swaps). These explanations are for the Wiki examples for Hoare and Lomuto linked to above, and I added a Dutch National Flag example based on Lomuto.
Hoare - set pivot = middle element of array, array[floor((lo + hi)/2)]. naive implementation for inner loops: scan left to right for an element > pivot (index *i*), scan right to left for an element < pivot (index *j*), swap the elements, continue this process until the two indexes meet or cross. The inner loops need to check to make sure an index is not advanced beyond the bounds of the sub-array being partitioned. Hoare optimized this by changing the compares to >= and <=, which eliminates the need for a check for going beyond the bounds of a sub-array, at the cost of sometimes swapping equal elements. After this, elements of array[lo .. j] are <= pivot and elements of array[j+1 .. hi] are >= pivot.
Lomuto - set pivot = array[hi]. *i* initialized to *lo*. *j* current index to find elements < pivot. Main loop: for j = lo until j == hi increment j: if array[j] < pivot, then: swap(array[i], array[j]) and increment i. After each iteration, elements of array[lo .. i-1] < pivot, array[i .. j-1] >= pivot. Note that i == j until the first instance of array[j] >= pivot, and although swapping when i == j is needless, it's faster than checking for i==j to avoid the swap, since i != j after the first instance of array[j] >= pivot. Once the main loop is done, array[i] is swapped with array[hi] to put the pivot into place. After this, elements of array[lo .. i-1] are < pivot, array[i] == pivot, elements of array[i+1 .. hi] are >= pivot.
Lomuto based Dutch National flag scheme - After Lomuto main partition loop is done, repeat the process using similar logic on array[i+1 .. hi], (using *j* and *k*), to end up with array[lo .. i-1] < pivot, array[i .. j] == pivot, array[j+1 .. hi] > pivot. | "because the subarrays may differ greatly in size" says it. The pivot and the array values can be such that a subarray of size N is split in two subarrays of size N-1 and 1. This can create a degenerate situation such that N recursive calls are stacked. |
100,291 | I'm using a PIC24FJ256GB110 connected via SPI to a CAN Bus Controller chip MCP2515. The MCP2515 requires a crystal connected to it but has a Clock Output pin for driving a connected MCU. So I was going to connect the Clkout from the MCP2515 to the MCU.
My question is that in the [osillator data sheet](http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/39700c.pdf) for the PIC24F family of processors it shows this external clock connection with a NOT Logic gate in the circuit. I usually get parts from farnell but struggling with what it is I need for this NOT gate. Can it be any general NOT Gate or is it something more specific then that, like a buffer or some sort of impedance magic? Or is it as simple as a single NOT gate used to "clean" up the clock signal? | 2014/02/19 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/100291",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/27446/"
] | It's just a gate to clean up the waveform (or just to indicate that there is a logic output driving the input)- it would not generally be used if you were employing a clock oscillator nearby the MCU such as [this](http://www.foxonline.com/pdfs/FXO_HC73.pdf) one (photo from Digikey.com).
You could use a ST gate such as this [one](http://www.fairchildsemi.com/ds/NC/NC7S14.pdf), but usually it's not necessary. | These ([Pierce](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierce_oscillator)) oscillators are commonly built around CMOS ports for their high impedance. Usually a [74HC04](http://www.nxp.com/documents/data_sheet/74HC_HCT04.pdf), [4069](http://www.cmos4000.com/cmos/4069.html) will do the job. Use the remaining ports as output buffer so do do not unnecessarily load the oscillator itself.
A Schmitt Trigger is **not** useful for a Pierce oscillator.
[Use of the CMOS Unbuffered Inverter in Oscillator Circuits - Texas Instruments](http://www.ti.com/litv/pdf/szza043) Especially check the chapter on *Practical Design Tips* |
11,663,440 | I am currently looking for a good framework to integrate multiple systems with different communication methods like
* FTP
* Mail
* Queue
* Web Service
in a .NET application. For Java there seem to be a lot of options available, but I could not find anything similar for the .NET platform. | 2012/07/26 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/11663440",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1109366/"
] | The Workflow Foundations are more suitable for... well.. work flows representing the business logic. You seem to be more interested in integrating existing services. In that case I would focus more on the Windows Communication Foundation. Which were introduced together with the (original) Workflow Foundation. So WCF is part of .NET Versions 3 and above. WCF will support Webservices, Message Queueing and FTP out of the box. For email you will probably need some kind of custom channel. However, it's highly likely that someone else has already written one for you.
[According to Microsoft](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms731082.aspx):
>
> "Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) is a framework for building
> service-oriented applications. Using WCF, you can send data as
> asynchronous messages from one service endpoint to another. A service
> endpoint can be part of a continuously available service hosted by
> IIS, or it can be a service hosted in an application. An endpoint can
> be a client of a service that requests data from a service endpoint.
> The messages can be as simple as a single character or word sent as
> XML, or as complex as a stream of binary data."
>
>
>
[This page](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/netframework/dd939784) on MSDN contains resources to help developers get up to speed on developing with Windows Communication Foundation (WCF). Keep in mind, all of this concerns only the communications layer. You'll have to write glue-code yourself.
If you really want a more "framworky" solution, I'd agree with Tommy Grovnes. 'Service Bus' is the buzzword to search for. In fact Stackoverflow already provides many [insights](https://stackoverflow.com/search?q=.net%20service%20bus) on what services busses are good for, what implementations exist, experiences with them and so on. Especially [this question on .NET service busses](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1545442/net-service-bus-recommendations) looks like a promissing start.
Cheers
dave | 1. For FTP client you can use framework like [FTPclient](http://ftpclient.codeplex.com), or [FTP Client Lib for .NET](http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/11991/An-FTP-client-library-for-NET-2-0) or can find from google to suite your needs.
2. Mail Clien :- What you want to achieve using framework and can find the best framework.
3. To produce Web Service and Queue (MSMSQ) you can use WCF Framework.
Hope the explanation helps |
11,663,440 | I am currently looking for a good framework to integrate multiple systems with different communication methods like
* FTP
* Mail
* Queue
* Web Service
in a .NET application. For Java there seem to be a lot of options available, but I could not find anything similar for the .NET platform. | 2012/07/26 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/11663440",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1109366/"
] | The Workflow Foundations are more suitable for... well.. work flows representing the business logic. You seem to be more interested in integrating existing services. In that case I would focus more on the Windows Communication Foundation. Which were introduced together with the (original) Workflow Foundation. So WCF is part of .NET Versions 3 and above. WCF will support Webservices, Message Queueing and FTP out of the box. For email you will probably need some kind of custom channel. However, it's highly likely that someone else has already written one for you.
[According to Microsoft](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms731082.aspx):
>
> "Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) is a framework for building
> service-oriented applications. Using WCF, you can send data as
> asynchronous messages from one service endpoint to another. A service
> endpoint can be part of a continuously available service hosted by
> IIS, or it can be a service hosted in an application. An endpoint can
> be a client of a service that requests data from a service endpoint.
> The messages can be as simple as a single character or word sent as
> XML, or as complex as a stream of binary data."
>
>
>
[This page](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/netframework/dd939784) on MSDN contains resources to help developers get up to speed on developing with Windows Communication Foundation (WCF). Keep in mind, all of this concerns only the communications layer. You'll have to write glue-code yourself.
If you really want a more "framworky" solution, I'd agree with Tommy Grovnes. 'Service Bus' is the buzzword to search for. In fact Stackoverflow already provides many [insights](https://stackoverflow.com/search?q=.net%20service%20bus) on what services busses are good for, what implementations exist, experiences with them and so on. Especially [this question on .NET service busses](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1545442/net-service-bus-recommendations) looks like a promissing start.
Cheers
dave | I suggest you have a look at [Windows Workflow Foundation (WF)](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee342461.aspx). It's part of the .NET Framework.
It uses the concept of Activities. An activity is a general concept, and is also well suited for "connectors" to other systems. Some out-of-the-box activities are provided ([.NET Framework 4 Built-In Activity Library](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd489459))
Others can be written in .NET ([Tutorial: Create a Custom WF Activity](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms734563%28v=vs.90%29.aspx)), you can also find numerous sample implementations on the web ([Workflow SendEmail Custom Activity](http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/36774/Workflow-SendEmail-Custom-Activity), [FTP Activity for Windows Workflow Foundation](http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/38239/FTP-Activity-for-Windows-Workflow-Foundation), [MSMQ Workflow Activities](http://winterdom.com/2006/03/msmqworkflowactivitiesv1), [Building and Testing a WCF Web Service Using Workflow Foundation 4.0](http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/95418/Building-and-Testing-a-WCF-Web-Service-Using-Workf)) or you can also buy already built specific activities from 3rd parties ([Xceed Activities](http://doc.xceedsoft.com/products/XceedWfWorkflow/), [/n software Workflow Activities](http://www.nsoftware.com/workflow/default.aspx), etc.) |
11,663,440 | I am currently looking for a good framework to integrate multiple systems with different communication methods like
* FTP
* Mail
* Queue
* Web Service
in a .NET application. For Java there seem to be a lot of options available, but I could not find anything similar for the .NET platform. | 2012/07/26 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/11663440",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1109366/"
] | The Workflow Foundations are more suitable for... well.. work flows representing the business logic. You seem to be more interested in integrating existing services. In that case I would focus more on the Windows Communication Foundation. Which were introduced together with the (original) Workflow Foundation. So WCF is part of .NET Versions 3 and above. WCF will support Webservices, Message Queueing and FTP out of the box. For email you will probably need some kind of custom channel. However, it's highly likely that someone else has already written one for you.
[According to Microsoft](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms731082.aspx):
>
> "Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) is a framework for building
> service-oriented applications. Using WCF, you can send data as
> asynchronous messages from one service endpoint to another. A service
> endpoint can be part of a continuously available service hosted by
> IIS, or it can be a service hosted in an application. An endpoint can
> be a client of a service that requests data from a service endpoint.
> The messages can be as simple as a single character or word sent as
> XML, or as complex as a stream of binary data."
>
>
>
[This page](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/netframework/dd939784) on MSDN contains resources to help developers get up to speed on developing with Windows Communication Foundation (WCF). Keep in mind, all of this concerns only the communications layer. You'll have to write glue-code yourself.
If you really want a more "framworky" solution, I'd agree with Tommy Grovnes. 'Service Bus' is the buzzword to search for. In fact Stackoverflow already provides many [insights](https://stackoverflow.com/search?q=.net%20service%20bus) on what services busses are good for, what implementations exist, experiences with them and so on. Especially [this question on .NET service busses](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1545442/net-service-bus-recommendations) looks like a promissing start.
Cheers
dave | If you want something more enterprice:y look at Biztalk, comes with a bunch of adaptors and tools, it is not free however. |
17,225 | Every so often while shortwave listening I’ll come across a frequency where tons of hams are talking all over each other giving a call sign and a six digit number only (not a QSO). I imagine these numbers may be club membership numbers but I can’t figure out the purpose. Is this some way to build up a large number of QSOs? Doesn’t seem like the requirements of a QSO are met by just getting a call sign and number. And how on earth does anyone copy all of these contacts given that everyone is pretty much talking over themselves, voices overlapping, with no moderator or any attempt to direct traffic?
What makes this even weirder is that I’ll sometimes hear other hams on the band who mention this but don’t know what it’s for either. | 2020/08/30 | [
"https://ham.stackexchange.com/questions/17225",
"https://ham.stackexchange.com",
"https://ham.stackexchange.com/users/11878/"
] | Guessing it was a contest, and the numbers were the exchanges, per the contest rules.
The exchanges vary by contest, so it depends on which contest you heard.
Try searching the contest-calendar, here:
<https://www.contestcalendar.com/weeklycont.php>
Perhaps with some more information we can narrow it down. | If it was on the 10m band then it could have been the 10-10 club net.https://www.ten-ten.org/ |
17,225 | Every so often while shortwave listening I’ll come across a frequency where tons of hams are talking all over each other giving a call sign and a six digit number only (not a QSO). I imagine these numbers may be club membership numbers but I can’t figure out the purpose. Is this some way to build up a large number of QSOs? Doesn’t seem like the requirements of a QSO are met by just getting a call sign and number. And how on earth does anyone copy all of these contacts given that everyone is pretty much talking over themselves, voices overlapping, with no moderator or any attempt to direct traffic?
What makes this even weirder is that I’ll sometimes hear other hams on the band who mention this but don’t know what it’s for either. | 2020/08/30 | [
"https://ham.stackexchange.com/questions/17225",
"https://ham.stackexchange.com",
"https://ham.stackexchange.com/users/11878/"
] | Guessing it was a contest, and the numbers were the exchanges, per the contest rules.
The exchanges vary by contest, so it depends on which contest you heard.
Try searching the contest-calendar, here:
<https://www.contestcalendar.com/weeklycont.php>
Perhaps with some more information we can narrow it down. | You may have stumbled onto a net that is specifically designed to allow amateurs to work on getting awards quickly by contacting others via net, such as the ARRL Worked All States (WAS) award. There's several nets that do this but perhaps the largest one is the OMISS (Old Man International Sideband Society) net. They hold several nets on several bands daily. OMISS has their own awards system also. More info at omiss.net.
Hope this helps.
73,
Sean KS4TD |
17,225 | Every so often while shortwave listening I’ll come across a frequency where tons of hams are talking all over each other giving a call sign and a six digit number only (not a QSO). I imagine these numbers may be club membership numbers but I can’t figure out the purpose. Is this some way to build up a large number of QSOs? Doesn’t seem like the requirements of a QSO are met by just getting a call sign and number. And how on earth does anyone copy all of these contacts given that everyone is pretty much talking over themselves, voices overlapping, with no moderator or any attempt to direct traffic?
What makes this even weirder is that I’ll sometimes hear other hams on the band who mention this but don’t know what it’s for either. | 2020/08/30 | [
"https://ham.stackexchange.com/questions/17225",
"https://ham.stackexchange.com",
"https://ham.stackexchange.com/users/11878/"
] | What you're talking about sounds like activity that is common for a contest or a QSO party. If you're not familiar with QSO parties they are organized like contests, but the organizers try to emphasize everyone having fun, and don't focus quite as much on scores. There is a saying though, that if something smells, looks, and feels like an elephant then it's probably an elephant; in other words, QSO parties are generally regarded as contests, and are included in contest calendars.
Contests and QSO parties almost always include a signal report, which makes them bona-fide contacts in the eyes of most hams. However these days the signal report is almost always "59" for phone or "599" for Morse. Were the first two digits of the six-digit number "59"? Contesters like to leave a little pause between the signal report and the "exchange", but to outsiders, "five nine, one three seven six" might sound like a six-digit number. What's an exchange, you ask? It's a piece of data that the contest rules require to be exchanged. It might be the location of the station encoded in a numeric format, or a sequential serial number, or the year the operator was first licensed, or the name of the state or province the station is in, or just about anything else the contest organizers can dream up. For some contests the exchange changes every contact, but for others it's always the same for a particular station.
As for all talking at once, contests are competitive and operators will talk over each other in an attempt to get a contact with a rare multiplier. What's a multiplier? As an example, rules for a state's QSO party might define a contester's score as the number of contacts times the number of counties contacted (usually on a per-band basis). Typically there are rare multipliers, like a sparsely-populated county in the state's QSO party, that everyone is trying to contact. It's not uncommon for several stations to try to work the same station, usually a rare multiplier, at the same time, a situation known as a pileup. A skilled operator can pick individual call signs out of the cacophony and keep calling operators happy.
Here's a typical contest exchange ("W1ABC" and "VA3XYZ" were made up for this example, but may well exist as real call signs):
VA3XYZ: victor alpha three x-ray yankee zulu QRZ
W1ABC: whiskey one alpha bravo charlie
VA3XYZ: W1ABC, five-nine, one three seven six
W1ABC: thanks, five nine, four eight seven
VA3XYZ: seventy-three QRZ
So that was a valid QSO because signal reports were exchanged, although the reports were the standard 59s, and acknowledged with "thanks" and "seventy-three". VA3XYZ repeated the calling station's call sign; the calling station W1ABC didn't repeat VA3XYZ's, but *implied* that he or she did, because if he or she didn't copy the call sign then he or she would have requested a repeat (a "fill" in contest jargon). They were valid QSOs for this particular imaginary contest because the exchange included serial numbers, "1376" and "487".
Does that describe what you heard? If not, the next time you hear such activity, please make a note of details such as date, time, frequency, and transcriptions of a few QSOs, and we can probably help you out. Or write down a few call signs and email the operators to ask, and then come back here and answer your own question. (Many operators list their email addresses in qrz.com.) | If it was on the 10m band then it could have been the 10-10 club net.https://www.ten-ten.org/ |
17,225 | Every so often while shortwave listening I’ll come across a frequency where tons of hams are talking all over each other giving a call sign and a six digit number only (not a QSO). I imagine these numbers may be club membership numbers but I can’t figure out the purpose. Is this some way to build up a large number of QSOs? Doesn’t seem like the requirements of a QSO are met by just getting a call sign and number. And how on earth does anyone copy all of these contacts given that everyone is pretty much talking over themselves, voices overlapping, with no moderator or any attempt to direct traffic?
What makes this even weirder is that I’ll sometimes hear other hams on the band who mention this but don’t know what it’s for either. | 2020/08/30 | [
"https://ham.stackexchange.com/questions/17225",
"https://ham.stackexchange.com",
"https://ham.stackexchange.com/users/11878/"
] | What you're talking about sounds like activity that is common for a contest or a QSO party. If you're not familiar with QSO parties they are organized like contests, but the organizers try to emphasize everyone having fun, and don't focus quite as much on scores. There is a saying though, that if something smells, looks, and feels like an elephant then it's probably an elephant; in other words, QSO parties are generally regarded as contests, and are included in contest calendars.
Contests and QSO parties almost always include a signal report, which makes them bona-fide contacts in the eyes of most hams. However these days the signal report is almost always "59" for phone or "599" for Morse. Were the first two digits of the six-digit number "59"? Contesters like to leave a little pause between the signal report and the "exchange", but to outsiders, "five nine, one three seven six" might sound like a six-digit number. What's an exchange, you ask? It's a piece of data that the contest rules require to be exchanged. It might be the location of the station encoded in a numeric format, or a sequential serial number, or the year the operator was first licensed, or the name of the state or province the station is in, or just about anything else the contest organizers can dream up. For some contests the exchange changes every contact, but for others it's always the same for a particular station.
As for all talking at once, contests are competitive and operators will talk over each other in an attempt to get a contact with a rare multiplier. What's a multiplier? As an example, rules for a state's QSO party might define a contester's score as the number of contacts times the number of counties contacted (usually on a per-band basis). Typically there are rare multipliers, like a sparsely-populated county in the state's QSO party, that everyone is trying to contact. It's not uncommon for several stations to try to work the same station, usually a rare multiplier, at the same time, a situation known as a pileup. A skilled operator can pick individual call signs out of the cacophony and keep calling operators happy.
Here's a typical contest exchange ("W1ABC" and "VA3XYZ" were made up for this example, but may well exist as real call signs):
VA3XYZ: victor alpha three x-ray yankee zulu QRZ
W1ABC: whiskey one alpha bravo charlie
VA3XYZ: W1ABC, five-nine, one three seven six
W1ABC: thanks, five nine, four eight seven
VA3XYZ: seventy-three QRZ
So that was a valid QSO because signal reports were exchanged, although the reports were the standard 59s, and acknowledged with "thanks" and "seventy-three". VA3XYZ repeated the calling station's call sign; the calling station W1ABC didn't repeat VA3XYZ's, but *implied* that he or she did, because if he or she didn't copy the call sign then he or she would have requested a repeat (a "fill" in contest jargon). They were valid QSOs for this particular imaginary contest because the exchange included serial numbers, "1376" and "487".
Does that describe what you heard? If not, the next time you hear such activity, please make a note of details such as date, time, frequency, and transcriptions of a few QSOs, and we can probably help you out. Or write down a few call signs and email the operators to ask, and then come back here and answer your own question. (Many operators list their email addresses in qrz.com.) | You may have stumbled onto a net that is specifically designed to allow amateurs to work on getting awards quickly by contacting others via net, such as the ARRL Worked All States (WAS) award. There's several nets that do this but perhaps the largest one is the OMISS (Old Man International Sideband Society) net. They hold several nets on several bands daily. OMISS has their own awards system also. More info at omiss.net.
Hope this helps.
73,
Sean KS4TD |
17,225 | Every so often while shortwave listening I’ll come across a frequency where tons of hams are talking all over each other giving a call sign and a six digit number only (not a QSO). I imagine these numbers may be club membership numbers but I can’t figure out the purpose. Is this some way to build up a large number of QSOs? Doesn’t seem like the requirements of a QSO are met by just getting a call sign and number. And how on earth does anyone copy all of these contacts given that everyone is pretty much talking over themselves, voices overlapping, with no moderator or any attempt to direct traffic?
What makes this even weirder is that I’ll sometimes hear other hams on the band who mention this but don’t know what it’s for either. | 2020/08/30 | [
"https://ham.stackexchange.com/questions/17225",
"https://ham.stackexchange.com",
"https://ham.stackexchange.com/users/11878/"
] | You may have stumbled onto a net that is specifically designed to allow amateurs to work on getting awards quickly by contacting others via net, such as the ARRL Worked All States (WAS) award. There's several nets that do this but perhaps the largest one is the OMISS (Old Man International Sideband Society) net. They hold several nets on several bands daily. OMISS has their own awards system also. More info at omiss.net.
Hope this helps.
73,
Sean KS4TD | If it was on the 10m band then it could have been the 10-10 club net.https://www.ten-ten.org/ |
75,339 | Given a battery with a certain capacity **C** (in Ah) and given a certain charging current **Ich** (in A), how I can calculate the charging time? | 2013/07/09 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/75339",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/23983/"
] | Charging time depends on a very large number of factors and so capacity and current are insufficient information to make a good calculation. For example, for a typical lead-acid battery you don't charge beyond 75% capacity at a constant current.
You can trade off battery lifetime against charging time. The appropriate charging current isn't arbitrary, A 100 A charging current won't charge a battery 1000 times faster than a 100 mA charging current, in part because heating the battery affects the charging process and capacity.
*From [Battery University](http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/charging_the_lead_acid_battery)*
Many people do use a rule of thumb for lead-acid batteries that assume 80% charging efficiency and simply divide capacity in amp-hours by charging current in amps and add about 20%. Realistic charging efficiencies can vary considerably.
See also [Peukert's law](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peukert%27s_law).
For other types of battery chemistry, different rules apply. | Divide C by Ich.
Example: C = 20Ah, I=1A => 20h
Also, charging current might be given as a ratio of C. In this case it would be marked as 0.5C.
Edit: Manufacturers give a C rating = capacity in amp-hours. That says nothing about the actual charge or discharge current. Then they might give a ratio of C for charging and a different figure for discharging.
For example, RC LiPo batteries might have 35C discharge rate and 2C charge rate. So if you have a 2000mAh battery you can discharge it at 70A and charge it at 4A.
For lead-acid ones you typically get crank current (~15C) for a few seconds, normal operation discharge current (might be 1C) and charge current (typically 0.1C). |
36,983 | I have had this plant for over 17 years sitting near my kitchen sink near 2 windows. Some say it looks like a peace lily however never had a white bloom on it. This had always been a hearty plant and these spikes would appear sometimes. I have looked for similar plants but haven't had any luck. These growing spikes are what are throwing the search off. If you can identify this plant I would greatly appreciate to know the name and where I can get another one. I live in Michigan and it died from a problem with the window being slightly open when it was below zero.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/vmnNj.jpg)
This picture clearly shows the spike growth that no one has been able to identify
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/5rceG.jpg)
The wilted leaf 2 days after the freeze
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/5LYeX.jpg) | 2018/01/27 | [
"https://gardening.stackexchange.com/questions/36983",
"https://gardening.stackexchange.com",
"https://gardening.stackexchange.com/users/20675/"
] | This is two plants in one pot. A [spathiphyllum](https://gardening.stackexchange.com/a/5856/499) or peace lily and another succulent plant which I have seen but cannot identify. Possibly a member of the [Euphoribiacia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euphorbiaceae) family. Many members of the family are quite hardier and would be able to resist the cold temperatures that the spathiphyllum could not | What color were the spikes that did come up? Can you describe the blossoms? The leaves don't look right for an anthurium, but I know there are a ton, so maybe there are some with that type of leaf?
The other segmented plant could be a rhipsalis. I'm also not very familiar with them but have one. Very trouble free, tough, and low maintenance. I think they are prehistoric, but not entirely sure about that. They are segmented, and break fairly easily at the joints. The one I have gets little white flowers on the ends. The conditions in your window look like it should get enough light to bloom. |
36,983 | I have had this plant for over 17 years sitting near my kitchen sink near 2 windows. Some say it looks like a peace lily however never had a white bloom on it. This had always been a hearty plant and these spikes would appear sometimes. I have looked for similar plants but haven't had any luck. These growing spikes are what are throwing the search off. If you can identify this plant I would greatly appreciate to know the name and where I can get another one. I live in Michigan and it died from a problem with the window being slightly open when it was below zero.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/vmnNj.jpg)
This picture clearly shows the spike growth that no one has been able to identify
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/5rceG.jpg)
The wilted leaf 2 days after the freeze
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/5LYeX.jpg) | 2018/01/27 | [
"https://gardening.stackexchange.com/questions/36983",
"https://gardening.stackexchange.com",
"https://gardening.stackexchange.com/users/20675/"
] | The slender leafless plant shown is a *[Psilotum](http://herbaria.plants.ox.ac.uk/bol/plants400/Profiles/OP/Psilotum)*, commonly known as Whisk Fern.
There are two species in the genus, *Psilotum nudum* and *Psilotum complanatum*.
Following the key [here](http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=gn&name=Psilotum), yours looks like *P. nudum* based on the fact that the aerial stems appear to be not flattened and circular to triangular in section. | What color were the spikes that did come up? Can you describe the blossoms? The leaves don't look right for an anthurium, but I know there are a ton, so maybe there are some with that type of leaf?
The other segmented plant could be a rhipsalis. I'm also not very familiar with them but have one. Very trouble free, tough, and low maintenance. I think they are prehistoric, but not entirely sure about that. They are segmented, and break fairly easily at the joints. The one I have gets little white flowers on the ends. The conditions in your window look like it should get enough light to bloom. |
4,973,467 | I've been mandated to find out what [IBM Cognos](http://www-01.ibm.com/software/data/cognos/?pgel=ibmhzn&cm_re=masthead-_-products-_-sw-cognos) does, and I cannot find useful information on the subject apart what I can read from the IBM Website and [Wikipedia](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognos).
What I'm after is some concrete examples of what Cognos can do for businesses and organisations that intend to use it. | 2011/02/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/4973467",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/162167/"
] | Financial Performance Management I have no idea about but we use BI 8.4/10.1 quite a bit. The Cognos product line is actually quite large and we only really use the baseline BI stuff with Framework Manager but I'll try and help you out, based on how *we* use it.
Think of BI itself as an application that lets you view your data in *many* different ways. Now so far, it's no different to Jasper Reports or BIRT (which, despite its name, appears to provide very little BI stuff).
It does this by modelling the data (models are created with Framework Manager hence why we use it over and above the standard reporting interface) to translate raw data into business data and also relational to dimensional data if your database isn't already dimensional.
It's this business view of the data combined with the dimensionality which allows really neat manipulation within Cognos BI.
You can create reports in a truly multi-dimensional way, aggregating data in various ways across things like dates, products, geographical regions, stores, divisions and so on (depending on your dimensional setup).
All of the reports are really dynamic in that you can collapse or expand individual dimensions at will so, if for example you want to drill down on a poorly-performing state to see which individual stores in that state are causing problems, it's a simple click on an icon.
No re-querying of the data, everything just *happens* in very quick time. And the charts and data that can be produced are very nice.
And, on top of that, Cognos BI comes with an inbuilt query studio and report studio which allow the creation of ad-hoc reports in the exact same interface the user sees when running standard reports. No more of the Eclipse-Designer/Web-App separation that we had to endure with BIRT.
Sorry if this sounds evangelistic but we're transitioning from BIRT to Cognos BI, and the difference is substantial.
Now you may not find a *lot* of information outside of the IBM website, although we did find a couple of dedicated sites when we first started examining the transition. Unfortunately, I don't have them available any more since the IBM information is more than adequate.
We also make a lot of use of the [IBM developerWorks forums](http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/forums/tivoli_forums.jspa) (we use Tivoli Common Reporting which ships with the Cognos runtimes) and the [microsite](http://www-01.ibm.com/software/analytics/whats-new/?mc=-web_googlesearch_microsite_c10) as well. As well as the forums, there's a [whole section of developerWorks](http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/data/products/cognos/index.html) dedicated to Cognos. | A little late but in case anyone else comes here and is looking for information, I would like to enhance @paxdiablo's answer. He was talking only about Modeling and reporting tool which is the best known Cognos.
There is also a powerful tool named Metric Studio which can track in an easy way, how business is performing. This tool is IMHO the best of the Cognos Suite, since it is truly BI for the high management.
Another thing that I love from Cognos (been using it since 2004) is the administration. From an IT perspective it is way easier to make things happen in Cognos rather than any other tool I've seen (BO included).
Just to name a few: you can link row-filtering with LDAP information (e.g. roles and customers); burst reporting through cognos content or email... the possibilities are huge. |
4,973,467 | I've been mandated to find out what [IBM Cognos](http://www-01.ibm.com/software/data/cognos/?pgel=ibmhzn&cm_re=masthead-_-products-_-sw-cognos) does, and I cannot find useful information on the subject apart what I can read from the IBM Website and [Wikipedia](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognos).
What I'm after is some concrete examples of what Cognos can do for businesses and organisations that intend to use it. | 2011/02/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/4973467",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/162167/"
] | Financial Performance Management I have no idea about but we use BI 8.4/10.1 quite a bit. The Cognos product line is actually quite large and we only really use the baseline BI stuff with Framework Manager but I'll try and help you out, based on how *we* use it.
Think of BI itself as an application that lets you view your data in *many* different ways. Now so far, it's no different to Jasper Reports or BIRT (which, despite its name, appears to provide very little BI stuff).
It does this by modelling the data (models are created with Framework Manager hence why we use it over and above the standard reporting interface) to translate raw data into business data and also relational to dimensional data if your database isn't already dimensional.
It's this business view of the data combined with the dimensionality which allows really neat manipulation within Cognos BI.
You can create reports in a truly multi-dimensional way, aggregating data in various ways across things like dates, products, geographical regions, stores, divisions and so on (depending on your dimensional setup).
All of the reports are really dynamic in that you can collapse or expand individual dimensions at will so, if for example you want to drill down on a poorly-performing state to see which individual stores in that state are causing problems, it's a simple click on an icon.
No re-querying of the data, everything just *happens* in very quick time. And the charts and data that can be produced are very nice.
And, on top of that, Cognos BI comes with an inbuilt query studio and report studio which allow the creation of ad-hoc reports in the exact same interface the user sees when running standard reports. No more of the Eclipse-Designer/Web-App separation that we had to endure with BIRT.
Sorry if this sounds evangelistic but we're transitioning from BIRT to Cognos BI, and the difference is substantial.
Now you may not find a *lot* of information outside of the IBM website, although we did find a couple of dedicated sites when we first started examining the transition. Unfortunately, I don't have them available any more since the IBM information is more than adequate.
We also make a lot of use of the [IBM developerWorks forums](http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/forums/tivoli_forums.jspa) (we use Tivoli Common Reporting which ships with the Cognos runtimes) and the [microsite](http://www-01.ibm.com/software/analytics/whats-new/?mc=-web_googlesearch_microsite_c10) as well. As well as the forums, there's a [whole section of developerWorks](http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/data/products/cognos/index.html) dedicated to Cognos. | A bit late, but for the benefit of anyone browsing ... Cognos BI is essentially web based reporting/ dashboarding/ analytics. Historically it connected to relational databases only; from v8.4 onwards (and moreso from v10) it also connects to OLAP cube data sources. It's designed for end user self service reporting and includes mobile as well as web connectivity.
Cognos FPM provides in-server memory OLAP cube modelling (based on the TM1 engine). A key point of difference is that it permits end-user writeback and is generally used for budgeting and 'what-if' scenario modelling. Modelling is facilitated by Rules, which enable data modification. It also scales to the max. As noted above it may be integrated to Cognos BI (as well as being stand-alone), which means that a single dashboard may include reports from both relational & OLAP sources, and provide planning. So it's very powerful.
Note that Cognos Express provides essentially the same tools for the midmarket. |
4,973,467 | I've been mandated to find out what [IBM Cognos](http://www-01.ibm.com/software/data/cognos/?pgel=ibmhzn&cm_re=masthead-_-products-_-sw-cognos) does, and I cannot find useful information on the subject apart what I can read from the IBM Website and [Wikipedia](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognos).
What I'm after is some concrete examples of what Cognos can do for businesses and organisations that intend to use it. | 2011/02/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/4973467",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/162167/"
] | A bit late, but for the benefit of anyone browsing ... Cognos BI is essentially web based reporting/ dashboarding/ analytics. Historically it connected to relational databases only; from v8.4 onwards (and moreso from v10) it also connects to OLAP cube data sources. It's designed for end user self service reporting and includes mobile as well as web connectivity.
Cognos FPM provides in-server memory OLAP cube modelling (based on the TM1 engine). A key point of difference is that it permits end-user writeback and is generally used for budgeting and 'what-if' scenario modelling. Modelling is facilitated by Rules, which enable data modification. It also scales to the max. As noted above it may be integrated to Cognos BI (as well as being stand-alone), which means that a single dashboard may include reports from both relational & OLAP sources, and provide planning. So it's very powerful.
Note that Cognos Express provides essentially the same tools for the midmarket. | A little late but in case anyone else comes here and is looking for information, I would like to enhance @paxdiablo's answer. He was talking only about Modeling and reporting tool which is the best known Cognos.
There is also a powerful tool named Metric Studio which can track in an easy way, how business is performing. This tool is IMHO the best of the Cognos Suite, since it is truly BI for the high management.
Another thing that I love from Cognos (been using it since 2004) is the administration. From an IT perspective it is way easier to make things happen in Cognos rather than any other tool I've seen (BO included).
Just to name a few: you can link row-filtering with LDAP information (e.g. roles and customers); burst reporting through cognos content or email... the possibilities are huge. |
26,332,181 | I have seen soo many questions and answers about this but cannot get answer suitable for me . I cannot create or start any device
 | 2014/10/13 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/26332181",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2111792/"
] | You need to download and install an image suitable for that API level. Notice that the "CPU/ABI" field is greyed out. That's telling exactly what you need to do. Simply open the SDK Manager, look for your target API Level group, expand it and you should see a couple of system images you can download and install for that API Level...see screenshot below, I have highlighted what the system image would look like in the SDK Manager...
After downloading and installing it you will be able to select a system image from the AVD Manager for that API Level and create a virtual device | The part that you highlighted in the first picture is just the caption for the dialog. They're there just to tell you what a red cross and a yellow warning sign before the name of an AVD mean.
The second picture says that you can't create an AVD because you have "No system images installed for this target". To fix that, you need to launch the Android package manager and install at least one system image for Android 4.4W. |
6,882 | What services provide realtime (or daily-updated) basic traffic informations for Western Europe ?
For example, [traffic.com/Navteq](http://www.traffic.com) provides such data to Bing Maps for US/Canada and Microsoft suggests [CENTRICO](http://www.centrico.org)/[OTAP](http://www.itsproj.com/otap) for Europe in its documentation (which is outdated, [EasyWay](http://easyway-its.eu) seems to have replaced this service), but its website is slightly confusing.
Are there other major actors in this market for Europe ?
---
For example, [One Step Ahead](http://www.onestepahead.de/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=101%3areal-time-traffic-information&catid=60%3ashowroom&Itemid=55) seems to provide [free] data for Germany, Netherlands and Belgium, but it's a single file per country (hence not tiled data), and I'm not sure how often it is updated. | 2011/03/08 | [
"https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/6882",
"https://gis.stackexchange.com",
"https://gis.stackexchange.com/users/2102/"
] | From a recent [Navteq press release](http://press.navteq.com/index.php?s=4260&item=25814): "... NAVTEQ Traffic is also currently available in (these) 23 countries around the world: *Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Indonesia, Italy, Luxembourg, Mexico, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, United States.*" A number of these cover Western Europe.
As an aside (since I sometimes forget TomTom is no longer partnering with Navteq): [Google maps, and Navteq, which is owned by Nokia, are TomTom's commercial rivals in the digital map-making market.](http://www.forexyard.com/en/news/TomTom-faces-squeeze-from-rivals-free-services-2011-02-18T123025Z-UPDATE-3) | TeleAtlas now TomTom
<http://licensing.tomtom.com/OurProducts/TrafficProducts/index.htm>
Enterprise Traffic
Navigate with up-to-the minute information
Multinet Coverage Map (PDF)
<http://licensing.tomtom.com/OurProducts/MapData/ssLINK/TA_CT048001> |
33,002 | If this is true then the problem of a reliable source of water on Mars, that is available the entire year, is solved.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/MjW4a.jpg)
Crater on Mars filled with permanent ice. ([Source: ESA, Mars Express](https://www.9news.com.au/2018/12/21/08/06/korolev-mars-european-space-agency-olympia-undae-crater-space))
The question is: How is it possible that none of the American satellites, one of them with a resolution at least 8 times better than Mars Express, have been able to discover this huge reservoir of water?
Update:
I have not found any NASA document that states the crater in the above image is filled with stable ice. I knew that the american probes discovered temporary carbonic and ordinary snow on the surface of Mars, but not permanent frozen water.
Old NASA pictures showing a crater filled with a white substance do not automatically imply the US space agency discovered permanent surface ice on Mars. | 2018/12/20 | [
"https://space.stackexchange.com/questions/33002",
"https://space.stackexchange.com",
"https://space.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | The ice-filled Korolev crater appears in [Viking imagery](https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA00161) taken in the '70s. It took the arrival of suitable radars in orbit (like [MARSIS on Mars Express](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MARSIS) and [SHARAD on MRO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHARAD), ca. 2005-6) to determine the ice's [depth and structure](https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2015GL066440)a.
The question queries the veracity of the (unsourced) assertion that there is "[m]ore water in a crater on Mars1 than the quantity dumped by the river Nile into the Mediterranean sea in 45 years". We can easily check the validity of this claim. The paper in the latter link states that there is "a minimum ice volume of ~1400 km3 contained in Korolev" and a maximum (likely an overestimate) of 3,400 km3. The Nile river discharges at a rate of 2,830 m3/s which is 89.25 km3/year; over 45 years this comes out to 4,016.25 km3 which is way larger. A more accurate estimate would be over 16 years which, coincidentally, nicely matches the duration-to-date of the Mars Express mission.
As for the "photo"2 in the question, the [article it was taken from](https://www.9news.com.au/2018/12/21/08/06/korolev-mars-european-space-agency-olympia-undae-crater-space)3 appears to be partly based on an [ESA press release](https://web.archive.org/web/20181220181312/http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Mars_Express/Mars_Express_gets_festive_A_winter_wonderland_on_Mars) entitled "Mars Express gets festive: A winter wonderland on Mars". The press release (and the image) are dated 2018-12-20, the same day the question was asked, and presumably was the source used by the linked article. In other words, this is not a new discovery but rather ESA having a bit of seasonal fun (and doing some good outreach/education in the process).
Regarding the update to the question, [this paper](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0019103504004075?via%3Dihub)b (based on Mars Odyssey data) indicates that the ice in Korolev crater is water ice and [this paper](https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2015GL066440)a (based on MRO data; same paper as linked earlier) concludes that the water ice there reaches a depth of ~1.8 km and has a volume of >~1,400 km3. The data used for the above papers comes from NASA probes (MO and MRO) and the authors are all from the US: 3 with US university affiliations4 and 2 from the USGS (the main US agency responsible for Martian mapping). In addition, there's [this paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/1711.06372)c based on MRO data and with a NASA employee as its primary author that states:
>
> The North Polar Residual Cap (NPRC) is a surface **water ice deposit that persists throughout the martian summer**
> ...
> Multiple impact craters peripheral to the NPRC contain surface ice with similar appearance, albedo and spectra (Conway et al. 2012; Brown et al. 2008).
> **Korolev crater contains the largest of these deposits** and has thermal properties (Armstrong et al. 2005) and underlying layering (Brothers and Holt 2016[a]) that is similar to the NPRC.
>
>
>
(emphasis mine)
Generally though you'll find documents meeting your criteria (i.e. with analysis by an author directly employed by NASA) rather scarce since NASA is focused on data collection, not data analysis (which is more the domain of academia).
The overwhelming consensus, both NASA-affiliated and not, is that the northern ice sheet is currently permanent with some seasonal variation in size, distribution, and composition. There is an abundance of photographic, spectrographic, and radar data supporting this and no evidence showing that the region is seasonally ice-free. Two craters with permanent ice deposits (Korolev and Louth) lie in areas that, based solely on latitude, should only support perennial ice. At present, scientists are still weighing the evidence on the crater ice's age. Note that Brothers and Holta does not doubt that Korolev crater contains permanent ice rather it goes into the evidence supporting a young (<5Myo) versus old (>5Myo) age for the deposits. Said paper concludes that though the data is somewhat different than expected and is mixed it clearly supports a young age (possibly as little as 4Myo) for the crater ice. It goes on to suggest that despite a probable younger age for the crater ice, "martian polar climate (and paleoclimate) can best be deciphered through a unified study of Planum Boreum and circumpolar ice features."
---
1 Presumably Korolev since that's what's shown in the photo the questioner provided.
2 Actually CGI: "generated using a digital terrain model and Mars Express [image] data" ([source](http://www.esa.int/spaceinimages/Images/2018/12/Perspective_view_of_Korolev_crater))
3 Per the attribution given by the questioner.
4 Note that scientific instruments on NASA probes are typically run by university teams and not by NASA.
---
**Cited papers**
a Brothers, T. C., and J. W. Holt (2016), **Three‐dimensional structure and origin of a 1.8 km thick ice dome within Korolev Crater, Mars**, *Geophys. Res. Lett.*, 43, 1443–1449, [doi:10.1002/2015GL066440](https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL066440).
([download PDF](https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/2015GL066440))
b John C. Armstrong, Timothy N. Titus, Hugh H. Kieffer (2005),
**Evidence for subsurface water ice in Korolev crater, Mars**, *Icarus*, Volume 174, Issue 2, 360-372, ISSN 0019-1035, [doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.10.032](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2004.10.032).
(no freely-available version)
c Adrian J. Brown, Jonathan Bapst, Shane Byrne (2017), **Observations of a new stabilizing effect for polar water ice on Mars**, [arXiv:1711.06372v1 [astro-ph.EP]](https://arxiv.org/abs/1711.06372v1)
([download PDF](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1711.06372))
---
Korolev crater visible in a 1970s Viking image (near top, just right of center):
Source: [USGS/NASA JPL](https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA00161) | Korolev crater has been sitting there in plain sight for quite a while already. There is no sudden "discovery", just the ESA press office doing it's job.
>
> The image itself is a composite of pictures of the crater taken by the Mars Express High Resolution Stereo Camera. The European Space Agency's Mars Express mission is celebrating 15 years after it launched in June 2003 and entered Martian orbit on December 25, 2003.
>
>
>
I think the only news here is that *this is Mars Express' fifteen year anniversary*. Release of this composite image to news organizations is just meant to celebrate that fact. I don't believe there is any scientific news here.
Here's a screen shot from <https://www.google.com/mars/> which uses NASA data, not ESA. The image credit at the bottom reads:
>
> Copyright NASA / JPL / MSSS / Arizona State University
>
>
>
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/6HOti.png)
---
Here is Korolev Crater: [Mars Global Surveyor Mars Orbiter Camera Wave Clouds off Korolev MGS MOC Release No. MOC2-865, 30 September 2004](http://www.msss.com/mars_images/moc/2004/09/30/)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/9qNXR.gif) |
266,334 | I have developed one SharePoint site for Performance Review.
Site has custom html page with jQuery that creates/updates record using REST and that page is blinded using ASPX page. (I will explain the functionalities used in this page at end of this question)
I have given edit permission to all end users so that they can create/update record in performance review list using ASPX page. (validation on custom page are handled manually).
for hiding the performance review list data from end users I have given audience targeting on all items view of the performance list
I feel that I can develop something better, secured then what I have developed, I need your suggestions to know how can i build this better.
I have SharePoint 2013 and SharePoint Online, please suggest for both.
**About custom HTML Page**
It has sections as below,
* Section 1 Employee Comments
* Section 1 Employee self rating
* Section 1 Manger comments
* Section 1 manager rating
such 4 sections are there.
when employee opens the form, manger columns are hided using jQuery.
when manager opens the form, manger columns are shown and employee columns are turned read only using jQuery.
**How I identified when to open same form as employee and manager**
When employee fills the form and submits (when record is created), the designer workflow sends as email to manger containing link with one parameter(employee\_unique\_id).
jQuery will check that the parameter is passed so it will open manager related columns for manger to fill up. | 2019/07/16 | [
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/questions/266334",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/users/72466/"
] | An "Office 365 Group" is a (special) Active Directory group **plus** a Site Collection. This AD group can be used as an ordinary AD group when granting access to other sites. When used this way, they are just an AD group with no special "Office 365 Group" features in that site. I.e. they are managed as ordinary SharePoint users and are directly assigned permissions to a item, or are added to a "classic" SharePoint group. They will not be treated in any special way because they were an "owner" or "member" in the "Office 365 Group". | You can only connect an Office 365 group to an existing SharePoint site. It is a one-to-one relationship. |
501,712 | I am using SQL Server Management Studio 2012. I am trying to print a stored procedure in the color-coded syntax that it loves showing me, but cannot find an option to enable this. Any ideas?
I know on VS2010 that we (finally) got color output for text, via an add-in on MS's site, but I cannot seem to locate anything for SQL Server Management Studio via Google. Why am I printing this thing out? Because it's 15 pages long, and I am trying to clean it up. | 2012/11/06 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/501712",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/105880/"
] | While making presentations, I used ZoomIT
Download link: [Technet](http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb897434.aspx)
Please check if this suits your purpose. The site says it's XP and higher, so it must work on Win8 too, you might want to try. | In Windows 8 there is a new keyboard shortcut: you can pressthe Win key and the Plus key (win+) to zoom in and the Win key and the Minus key (win-) to zoom out |
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